,,bird ,,/udies ,,) ,a ,,cam]a ,illu/ration3 #a4 ,gannet 7fly+ ov]71 ,murres1 ,puff9s1 & ,razorbill$ ,auks4 ,,bird ,,/udies ,,) ,a ,,cam]a ,,) ,,introductory ,,*apt]s ,,on ,,! ,,outfit ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,! ,,bird ,,photograph] ,,by ,,frank ,m4 ,,*apman ,,assi/ant ,,curator ,,( ,,v]tebrate ,,zo,,logy ,,9 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,museum ,,( ,,natural ,,hi/ory1 ,,& ,,au?or ,,( ,,h&book ,,( ,,birds ,,( ,,ea/]n ,,nor? ,,am]ica1 ,,bird-,,life1 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,logo ,,) ,,ov] ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,photographs ,,f ,,nature1 ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,new ,,york ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company #aijj ,,copyright1 #aijj1 ,,by ,,frank ,m4 ,,*apman4 ,all rights res]v$4 ,,?is ,,book ,,is ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,my ,,wife1 ,,:o1 ,,bo? ,,at ,,home ,,& ,,afield1 ,,is ,,ev] 8,,my ,,be/ ,,assi/ant40 ,y h le>nt f ! ,birds & cont9ue to le>n1 ,y\r be/ b5efactors & e>ly in/ructors4 ,,fr]e',s ,ari/ophanes4 ,,preface ,! practice ( photograph+ birds 9 ,nature is ( too rec5t orig9 9 ?is c\ntry to p]mit ( its be+ treat$ au?oritatively4 ,! me?ods :i* may be employ$ are s num]\s1 ! field to be cov]$ s limitless1 t _m ye>s mu/ elapse be=e ! bird photograph]'s outfit w meet 8 wants1 :ile ! con/antly v>y+ details :i* surr\nd 8 subjects almo/ prohibit duplication ( exp]i5ce4 ,b x is ^! v difficulties :i* r5d] all ! m imp]ative ! necessity ( conf]5ce among work]s 9 ?is fasc9at+ & important bran* ( natural hi/ory4 ,! causes ( bo? success & failure %\ld1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( books & j\rnals1 be made accessible to all1 !reby %ort5+ ?is exp]im5tal /age ( ! /udy ( birds ) a cam]a1 & ha/5+ ! day :5 ! nature ( ! outfit & me?ods %all h be5 settl$ ) m or less def9it5ess4 ,x is z a contribution t[>d ?is end1 & z a means ( answ]+ ! qu]ies ( num]\s correspond5ts1 t ! foll[+ pages1 embody+ ! results ( my own exp]i5ces1 are (f]$4 ,x is s9c]ely hop$ t !y may increase ! int]e/ 9 ! /udy ( birds 9 ,nature1 & at ! same "t furni% a m pr(itable & delightful outlet = ! hunt+ in/9ct ?an is af=d$ by ! %otgun or rifle4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! ,bird ,rock pictures & sev]al ( ^? f ,pelican ,isl& h appe>$ 9 ! ,c5tury & ,/4 ,ni*olas respectively1 & are "h reproduc$ by ! c\rtesy ( ! editors ( ^? magaz9es2 o!rs h be5 previ\sly publi%$ 9 ,bird-,lore4 ,,frank ,m4 ,,*apman4 ,,am]ican ,,museum ,,( ,,natural ,,hi/ory1 ,,new ,,york ,,city1 ,m>*1 #aijj4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction #a ,:at is bird photography8--,! sci5tific value ( bird photography--,! *>m ( bird photography4 ,,! ,,outfit ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,! ,,bird ,,photograph] ,,! ,,bird ,,photograph]',s ,,outfit #f ,! cam]a--,! l5s--,! %utt]--,! tripod--,plates--,bl9ds--,sundries4 ,,! ,,me?ods ,,( ,,! ,,bird ,,photograph] #bf ,haunts--,seasons--,ne/s & eggs--,"y birds--,adult birds4 ,,bird ,,/udies ,,) ,a ,,cam]a ,,bird ,,photography ,,beg9s ,,at ,,home #dj ,,! ,,*ickadee--,a ,,/udy ,,9 ,,black ,,& ,,:ite #dg ,,! ,,lea/ ,,bitt]n ,,& ,,"s ,,o!r ,,re$ ,,inhabitants #fb ,,two ,,h]ons #gf ,,:]e ,,swall[s ,,roo/ #hi ,,two ,,days ,,) ,,! ,,t]ns #ajf ,,p]c ,,& ,,bonav5ture #abh ,,! ,,magdal5s #adf ,,bird ,,rock #aeb ,,life ,,on ,,pelican ,,isl&1 ,,) ,,"s ,,speculations ,,on ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,bird ,,migration #aia ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,page #a4 ,gannet1 ,murres1 ,puff9s1 & ,razorbill$ ,auks ,frontispiece ,tailpiece4 ,"y ,baltimore ,oriole #e ,initial4 ,long-focus cam]a & telephoto l5s #f #b4 ,l5s te/ ,no4 #a #ad #c4 ,enl>gem5t ( ! bird 9 te/ ,no4 #a #ae #d4 ,l5s te/ ,no4 #b #af #e4 ,enl>gem5t ( bird 9 te/ ,no4 #b #ag #f4 ,l5s te/ ,no4 #c #ah #g4 ,enl>gem5t ( bird 9 te/ ,no4 #c #ai ,initial4 ,"y ,great-cre/$ ,flycat*] #bf #h4 ,spr+ #bg #i4 ,summ] #bg #aj4 ,autumn #bh #aa4 ,w9t]--f\r pictures 7,nos4 #h-aa7 f ! same po9t ( view #bh #ab4 ,ne/ locality ( five species #bi #ac4 ,ne/+ site1 ne/1 & "y ( ,m>% ,hawk #cj #ad4 ,"y ,m>% ,hawks & ne/ #ca #ae4 ,"y ,great-cre/$ ,flycat*] #cb #af4 ,"y ,baltimore ,orioles & ne/ #cc #ag4 ,wood ,?ru% on ne/ #cd #ah4 ,*e/nut-sid$ ,w>bl] on ne/ #ce #ai4 ,catbird scold+ #cg ,initial4 8,fairview0 #dj #bj4 ,h\se ,sp>r[s & ,junco #da #ba4 ,junco #db #bb4 ,female ,h\se ,sp>r[ & ne/ #dc #bc4 ,scree* ,owl #dd ,initial4 ,*ickadee #dg #bd4 ,*ickadee on gr\nd #di #be4 ,*ickadee tak+ piece ( bread #ej #bf4 ,a bird 9 ! h& #ea #bg4 ,*ickadee at ne/ hole #ed #bh4 ,*ickadee at ne/ hole #ee #bi4 ,a ,*ickadee family #eh #cj4 ,a ,*ickadee family #ei ,initial4 ,r$-w+$ ,blackbird #fb #ca4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n's ne/+ site #fd #cb4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n's ne/ & eggs #ff #cc4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n mimick+ surr\nd+s #fg #cd4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n mimick+ surr\nd+s #fh #ce4 ,"y ,r$-w+$ ,blackbirds #ga #cf4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n eat+ h] eggs #gc #cg4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n on ne/ #gd ,initial4 ,:]e ! ,night ,h]ons fe$ #gf #ch4 ,five ,night ,h]ons' ne/s 9 swamp maple #gi #ci4 ,a view 9 ! ,h]on rook]y #hj #dj4 ,night ,h]on fe$+ #ha #da4 ,"y ,night ,h]ons 9 ne/ #hb #db4 ,"y ,night ,h]ons leav+ ne/ #hc #dc4 ,"y ,night ,h]ons on bran*es #hd #dd4 ,great ,blue ,h]on1 ne/s & "y #hh ,initial4 ,tree ,swall[s on wires #hi #de4 ,hack5sack m>%es 9 ,augu/ #ia #df4 ,m>% mall[s #ic #dg4 ,wild rice #id #dh4 ,tree ,swall[s on wires #ig #di4 ,tree ,swall[s 9 tree #ajj #ej4 ,tree ,swall[s on wire & at pile #ajb #ea4 ,swall[s 9 ! road #ajd ,initial4 ,a corn] ( ,p5ikese #ajf #eb4 ,ne/+ site1 ne/1 & ?ree eggs ( ,common ,t]n #aaj #ec4 ,t]n hov]+ above ne/ #aaa #ed4 ,ne/ & eggs ( ,t]n on upl& #aab #ee4 ,t]n's ne/ & eggs 9 drift dbris #aac #ef4 ,"y ,t]n hid+ on rocky bea* #aad #eg4 ,"y ,t]n hid+ 9 ! grass #aae #eh4 ,t]n alight+ on ne/ #aaf #ei4 ,t]n on hillside ne/ #aag #fj4 ,t]n's ne/ & hat*+ eggs 9 seawe$ #aah #fa4 ,t]n ab\t to fe$ "y #aai #fb4 ,t]n brood+ "y #abj #fc4 ,t]n on bea* ne/ #aba #fd4 ,t]n on bea* ne/ #aba #fe4 ,t]n on upl& ne/ #abb #ff4 ,"y ,t]ns ab\t f\r days old #abc #fg4 ,"y ,t]n ab\t a week old #abd #fh4 ,"y ,t]n1 second plumage appe>+ #abd #fi4 ,"y ,t]n1 fur!r advance ( second plumage #abe #gj4 ,"y ,t]n1 /age be=e flight #abf ,initial4 ,a ,p]c codfi%] #abh #ga4 ,p]c ,rock f ! nor? #aca #gb4 ,p]c ,rock f ! s\!a/ #acd #gc4 ,splitt+ cod on ,p]c bea* #acf #gd4 ,"y ,savanna ,sp>r[ #acg #ge4 ,gannet cliffs ( ,bonav5ture #adj #gf4 ,cornel or bun*b]ry #adb #gg4 ,a l$ge ( ne/+ ,gannets #add ,initial4 ,grosse ,isle #adf #gh4 ,ne/ & eggs ( ,fox ,sp>r[ #adh #gi4 ,"y ,guillemots #aej ,initial4 ,! ,bird ,rock light #aeb #hj4 ,bird ,rock f ! s\?we/ #aec #ha4 ,nor? side ( ,bird ,rock #aef #hb4 ,a corn] ( ! ,rock #afj #hc4 ,! l&+ at ! base ( ! ,rock #afd #hd4 ,! l&+ on top ( ! ,rock #afe #he4 ,kittiwakes & "y on ne/s #afh #hf4 ,! ligh?\se1 keep]'s dwell+1 & o!r build+s #afi #hg4 ,razorbill$ ,auks & 8,r+$0 ,murre #agj #hh4 ,puff9s #agb #hi4 ,murre's egg #agd #ij4 ,"y ,murres & egg #age #ia4 ,kittiwakes & "y on ne/s #agf #ib4 ,entrance to ,puff9's burr[ #agg #ic4 ,puff9's ne/ & egg #agh #id4 ,"y ,puff9 on ne/ #agi #ie4 ,lea*'s ,petrel on ne/ #ahj #if4 ,"y ,lea*'s ,petrel ) ne/+ mat]ial #aha #ig4 ,"y ,gannet #ahb #ih4 ,gannets #ahc #ii4 ,gannets on ne/s #ahf #ajj4 ,gannet on ne/ #ahh ,initial4 ,"y ,pelicans 9 ne/ tree #aia #aja4 ,pelicans on gr\nd ne/s #aig #ajb4 ,int]view+ a gr\p ( "y ,pelicans #aih #ajc4 ,among ! ,pelicans #aii #ajd4 ,head & p\* ( ,pelican #bjj #aje4 ,pelican's p\* f above #bja #ajf4 ,newly hat*$ ,pelicans & ne/s #bjf #ajg4 ,"y ,pelican 9 tree ne/ #bjh #ajh4 ,"y ,pelican1 d[ny /age #bji #aji4 ,"y ,pelican1 w+ quills appe>+ #baa #aaj4 ,"y ,pelicans1 /age prec$+ flight #bab ,,bird ,,/udies ,,) ,a ,,cam]a ,,) ,,introductory ,,*apt]s ,,on ,,! ,,outfit ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,! ,,bird ,,photograph] ,,introduction ,:at is ,bird ,photography8--,bird photography1 z ,i w\ld enc\rage its practice1 does n mean simply photograph+ birds2 x means ! use ( ! cam]a z an aid 9 depict+ ! life hi/ories ( birds4 ,a picture ( ! bird itself is1 ( c\rse1 ( ! fir/ importance1 b any fact 9 its biography :i* ! cam]a c be employ$ to portray is )9 ! prov9ce ( bird photography4 ,! ,sci5tific ,value ( ,bird ,photography4--,!re are c]ta9 matt]s1 su* z a bird's song1 its "t ( migration1 etc41 :i* mu/ be set =? ) ! p52 !re are o!rs1 su* z its haunts1 ne/+ site1 ne/1 eggs1 ! appe>ance & developm5t ( its "y1 :]e ! cam]a is s f> ahead ( ! p5 9 its p[] ( graphic repres5tation t x is a wa/e ( "t to use ! =m] :5 circum/ances p]mit ! utilization ( ! latt]4 ,a photograph ( a m>% or wood %[+ ! favorite haunts ( a species is wor? m ?an pages ( description4 ,a picture ( a bird's ne/+ site conveys a bett] idea ( ! situation ?an words c possibly give1 :ile 9 place ( su* vague phrases z 8ne/ ( co>se grasses1 we$ /alks1 rootlets1 etc41 l9$ ) f9] mat]ials10 we h a fai?ful del9eation ( ! ne/ itself4 ,! %ape & patt]n ( m>k+s ( ! eggs may also be well %[n ) ! cam]a1 :ile ! appe>ance ( ! "y at bir?1 _! developm5t1 & (t5 ! mann] 9 :i* !y are f$1 may all be portray$ by ! cam]a ) a realism :i* conv9ces "o ( ! tru?fulness ( ! result4 ,by ! ex]cise ( mu* pati5ce & +5uity we may also photograph ! adult bird1 %[+ x at re/ or 9 motion1 brood+ its eggs or c>+ = its "y4 ,"u favorable conditions su* pictures may possess an exactness ( detail :i* makes !m p]fect repres5tations ( ! orig9al1 giv+ n alone position & expression1 b ! arrangem5t ( ! fea!rs1 & !y !n h sci5tific value unequal$ by ! be/ productions ( ! arti/'s bru% or p5cil4 ,f ! nature ( ! case1 p]fection 9 ?is bran* ( bird photography is n always atta9$2 nev]!less1 ev5 pictures :i* are failures f a photographic /&po9t may be ( int]e/ to ! naturali/4 ,!y may be lack+ 9 detail & /ill give pose1 ?us furni%+ models f :i* draw+s conta9+ all /ructural ess5tials may be made4 ,! cam]a may also supply u ) graphic records ( ! few l>ge colonies ( birds yet exi/+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 !reby pres]v+ = all "t def9ite impressions ( conditions :i* are rapidly becom+ ?+s ( ! pa/4 ,:at an invaluable addition to ! hi/ory ( ! ,great ,auk w\ld be a s]ies ( photographs f ,funk ,isl&1 tak5 dur+ ! p]iod ( its exi/5ce !re6 ,( :at surpass+ int]e/ w\ld be photographs ( ! =m] flights ( ,wild ,pigeons1 :i* ! y\ng] g5]ations ( to-day c ) difficulty believe occurr$6 ,! ,*>m ( ,bird ,photography4--,z a onetime sportsman1 :o yield$ to none 9 8 enjoym5t ( ! *ase1 ,i c affirm t !re is a fasc9ation ab\t ! hunt+ ( wild animals ) a cam]a z f> ahead ( ! pleasure to be d]iv$ f _! pursuit ) %otgun or rifle z ! sport f\nd 9 %oot+ ,quail is beyond t ( break+ clay 8,pigeons04 ,cont9u+ ! comp>ison1 f a sportsman's /&po9t1 hunt+ ) a cam]a is ! highe/ developm5t ( man's inh]5t love ( ! *ase4 ,! kill+ ( a bird ) a gun seems little %ort ( murd] aft] "o has attempt$ to capture its image ) a l5s4 ,! dem&s on ! skill & pati5ce ( ! bird photograph] are endless1 & 8 pleasure is int5sifi$ 9 proportion to ! nature ( ! difficulties to be ov]come1 & 9 ! ev5t ( success x is p]petuat$ by ! inf9itely m satisfactory results obta9$4 ,he does n rejoice ov] a bag ( mutilat$ fle% & fea!rs1 b 9 ! possession ( a trophy--an eloqu5t tok5 ( 8 pr[ess z a hunt]1 a talisman :i* holds ! p[] ( revivify+ ! circum/ances att5d+ its acquisition4 ,:at m5tal vision ( fall+ birds c be z pot5t z ! actual picture ( liv+ birds 9 _! homes8 ,& h[ immeasurably "o's memories are bright5$ by ! fact t ?is is n a picture ( :at has be5 b ( :at is6 ,! cam]a ?us op5s ! door to a field ( sport previ\sly clos$ to ^? :o love birds too mu* to f9d pleasure 9 kill+ !m2 to :om ,bob-,:ite's r++ :i/le does n give rise to murd]\s speculations z to ! numb] 9 8 family1 b to an e*o ( ! season's joy :i* 8 note voices4 ,!y !re=e h a new inc5tive to take !m out ( doors2 = h[ev] mu* we love ,nature = ,nature's sake1 !re are few ( u ^: pleasure 9 an out+ is n int5sifi$ by secur+ "s def9ite1 la/+ result4 ,we are n all poets & se]s1 f9d+ suffici5t rew>d = a h>d day's tramp 9 a sunset gl[ or ! song ( a bird4 ,enjoy ^! ?+s z we may1 :o w\ld n l to p]petuate ! "o or ! o!r 9 "s tangible =m8 ,& "h we h "o ( ! reasons = ! collect+ ( birds & eggs long aft] ! collector's ne$s are satisfi$4 ,he goes on duplicat+ & r$uplicat+ m]ely to appease ! almo/ univ]sal desire to possess any admir$ al?\gh useless object4 ,once let him appreciate1 h[ev]1 ! pleasure ( hunt+ ) a cam]a1 ! great] skill requir$1 & ! inf9itely great] value ( ! results to be obta9$1 & he w h no fur!r use = gun1 climb+ irons1 & egg drill4 ,fur!rmore1 ! cam]a hunt] possesses ! advantage ov] ! s-call$ true sportsman1 9 t all is game t falls to 8 gun2 !re is n a bird too small or too tame to be unwor?y ( 8 att5tion2 nor are !re seasonal re/rictions to be obs]v$1 nor temptations to break game laws1 b e day 9 ! ye> he is free to g afield1 & at all times he may f9d some?+ to claim 8 att5tion4 ,f9ally1 !re is to be add$ to ! special *>m ( bird photography ! g5]al *>m att5d+ ! use ( ! cam]a4 ,?\s&s ( p are f9d+ pleasure 9 ! comp>atively prosaic employm5t ( photograph+ h\ses1 bridges1 & o!r pati5tly immovable objects :olly at ! cam]i/'s m]cy4 ,imag9e1 !n1 ! f> great] enjoym5t ( successes n only ( real value 9 !mselves1 b und5iable tributes to "o's skill bo? z photograph] & hunt]4 ,nor %\ld ?is introduction be clos$ )\t due ackn[l$gm5t to ! educational value ( photography1 to its p[] to wid5 ! scope ( our vision1 & to increase our appreciation ( ! beautiful4 ,!re is a magic 9 ! l5s1 ! gr\nd glass1 & ! d>k-clo? :i* trans=m ! commone/ object into a ?+ ( r>e/ int]e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,bird ,,! ,,outfit ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,! ,,bird ,,photograph] ,,! ,,bird ,,photograph]',s ,,outfit ,! beg9n] mu/ n suppose t good bird photographs c be made only ) exp5sive app>atus4 ,"u favorable conditions !re is no great diff]5ce 9 ! results secur$ ) ! ord9>y cam]a & l5s ( any reputable mak] & ^? ( ! highe/ class4 ,my own "w has = ! great] "p be5 done ) an outfit co/+ ab\t ?irty doll>s2 & al?\gh ! be/ l5s is1 ( c\rse1 to be desir$ x is n a necessity1 & co/ !re=e is no m an ob/acle to ! hunt+ ( birds ) a cam]a ?an x is to _! pursuit ) a gun4 ,! ,cam]a4--,individual ta/e w d\btless gov]n ! size ( ! cam]a *os51 b mo/ naturali/s & sportsm5 consid] ! cam]a c>ry+ a plate f\r by five in*es z ! "o be/ adapt$ to _! wants1 & ) ?is decision ,i he>tily agree4 ,! advantages ( size1 weight1 & economy1 bo? z reg>ds ! cam]a1 its hold]s1 & plates1 are all 9 favor ( ! #d #e1 :ile z f> z ! bird photograph] is conc]n$1 x is n (t5 t he has ne$ ( any?+ l>g]4 ,! image ( a bird w r>ely be )\t adequate sett+ 9 a space f\r by five in*es1 :i* w also be f\nd to be l>ge en\gh = ! portrayal ( ne/s & eggs4 ,! #d #e also r$uces proportionately 9 mak+ lant]n slides1 & if ! picture is made ! long way ( ! plate--t is1 high] ?an broad--x c be easily adapt$ = illu/rative purposes 9 duodecimo or octavo books4 ,:5 a l>g] picture is desir$ x c readily be made by enl>gem5t1 an increase 9 size ( ?ree diamet]s1 or six times ! area1 be+ possible f a %>p negative )\t undue loss ( def9ition4 ,= use f a tripod any "o ( ! sev]al excell5t long-focus cam]as n[ on ! m>ket w be f\nd to answ] e requirem5t4 ,if x is propos$ to employ a telephoto l5s1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to select ! cam]a comb9+ greate/ bell[s l5g? ) rigidity4 ,a rev]sible back increases ! size some:at b adds to ! l5g? ( bell[s1 & w be f\nd s]viceable 9 ! _m awkw>d situations 9 :i* ! bird photograph] is (t5 plac$ by ! nature ( 8 subjects4 ,! ,ke>ton bro!rs h an 8adju/able m9iature0 on ! top ( _! cam]a1 :i* !y /ate 8is us$ z a sort ( view f9d] :5 mak+ /udies ( fly+ birds4 ,:5 fix$ 9 position & its focus has be5 set exactly l its work+ companion b5ea? x1 bo? are rack$ out 9 ! same ratio by ! screw dom9at+ ! l>g] app>atus40,a ,! purposes ( ?is atta*m5t1 h[ev]1 w1 x seems probable1 be bett] s]v$ by ! reflect+ cam]a describ$ bel[1 :ile z a f9d] alone its place may be tak5 by ! 8iconoscope0 & o!r ( ! prism f9d]s1 ! brilliant image ca/ by :i* is su* a /rik+ & satisfactory improvem5t on ! hazy outl9es giv5 by ! av]age s-call$ 8f9d]40 ,footnote ,a3 ,f ,wild ,life at ,home1 h[ to ,/udy & ,photograph ,x1 by ,r4 ,ke>ton1 illu/rat$ by ,c4 ,ke>ton2 a "w ( ! utmo/ int]e/ to ! animal photograph]1 :o %\ld also read ,) ,nature & a ,cam]a1 by ! same au?ors 7,cassell ,co474 ,= use z a h&-box only two k9ds ( cam]a are available1 = x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! set-focus or %ort-focus1 wide angle 8snap-%ot0 cam]as1 s popul> among ! button-press+ frat]nity1 are n adapt$ to ! wants ( ! bird photograph]1 :o mu/ !re=e avail himself ( ei!r a tw9-l5s or a reflect+ cam]a4 ,tw9-l5s cam]as are manufactur$ by sev]al well-kn[n firms1 b ! trade size is ( too %ort focus to be desirable4 ,9 ?is type ( cam]a two l5ses ( equal foci are employ$4 ,!y are set "o above ! o!r 9 bell[s1 :i* move z "o4 ,! l[] l5s makes ! picture1 ! upp] projects a duplicate ( ! image ca/ by ! l[] l5s to a mirror set at an angle ( =ty-five degrees to ! plane ( ! plate1 :5ce x is reflect$ upw>d to a gr\nd glass1 :i* is protect$ by a hood1 on top ( ! cam]a4 ,to focus p]fectly ! l5ses %\ld be 8mat*$0 or 8pair$0--9 %ort1 int]*angeable--!reby greatly increas+ ! co/ ( ! cam]a1 :i* is also r5d]$ objectionable by its l>ge size4 ,! reflect+ cam]a possesses all ! advantages ( ! tw9-l5s1 b requires only "o l5s1 & :5 9 use is n mat]ially l>g] ?an ! ord9>y #d #e long-focus box4 ,! reflect+ cam]a n[ 9 my possession 0 design$ & made by ,john ,r[ley1 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 & 0 fully describ$ & illu/rat$ by him 9 ,bird-,lore = ,april1 #aijj4 ,x resembles ! upp] half ( ! tw9-l5s cam]a 9 t a mirror1 set at an angle ( =ty-five degrees to ! plate1 is int]pos$ betwe5 ! latt] & ! l5s1 & reflects its image to a gr\nd glass on top ( ! cam]a4 ,?is mirror1 h[ev]1 is movable1 & ! desir$ object appe>+ 9 focus on ! gr\nd glass1 a lev] is press$ d[nw>d :i* raises ! mirror to ! top ( ! box1 :]e x automatically releases a focal-plane %utt] 7see beyond1 "u ,! ,%utt]7 directly 9 front ( ! plate1 :5 ! image-be>+ rays1 be=e int]cept$ & reflect$ by ! mirror1 are regi/]$ on ! plate1 f :i* ! slide _h previ\sly be5 drawn4 ,:5 ! focal-plane or curta9 %utt] has be5 set & ! slide drawn f ! plate hold]1 ?is cam]a is l a cock$ gun1 :i* may be fir$ ! mom5t x is sight$2 or1 9 o!r words1 ! exposure may be made ! in/ant focus is secur$4 ,) ?is cam]a "o may take advantage ( any (f]+ opportunity to secure a picture ( a bird or bea/ :5 afield1 & ?is fact1 by increas+ ! possibilities ( an out+1 adds greatly to its pleasure4 ,mr4 ,r[ley has s design$ ?is cam]a t x may be us$ f a tripod z well z 9 ! h&s2 b :5 ! tripod cam]a is to be left1 p]haps = h\rs1 hidd5 ne> "s bird's ne/1 ,i pref] to employ ! long-focus = ?is purpose1 & reta9 ! reflect+ cam]a = possible use on ! birds t s (t5 approa* closely :5 "o is 9 hid+4 ,! advantages possess$ by ?is cam]a are s app>5t t x d\btless w soon be plac$ on ! m>ket4 ,! ,l5s4--,pr(essional photograph]s diff] s widely 9 _! op9ions ( ! relative qualities ( ! v>i\s makes ( l5ses n[ on ! m>ket1 t ,i approa* ?is subject ) diffid5ce1 &1 )\t presum+ to (f] advice1 pres5t ! results ( my exp]i5ce bo? z to l5ses & ! requirem5ts ( ! bird photograph]4 ,9 reg>d to ! latt] phase ( ! mu*-discuss$ "q ( 8,:at l5s %all ,i use80 ,i may speak ) m confid5ce4 ,= ne/s ) eggs or "y birds--subjects :i* may be approa*$ closely--a six- to eight-in*-focus l5s =ms a l>ge en\gh image1 & at ! same "t gives dep? ( focus & %>pness ( def9ition )\t ! use ( ! small] diaphragms4 ,9 photograph+ birds1 h[ev]1 x is g5]ally difficult to get )9 8%oot+0 di/ance1 & at lea/ a f\rte5- to sixte5-in* l5s is ne$$ 9 ord] to secure an image ( suffici5t size4 ,dep? ( focus is "h1 9 my op9ion1 n desirable1 & ! focal po9t--! bird--is br\ght out m cle>ly by ! fusion ( all ! objects back ( x into a uni=m backgr\nd4 ,:5 a bird1 ei!r "y or old1 is ! subject1 great spe$ may be requir$1 & sometimes "u light conditions :i* sev]ely te/ ! qualities ( ! l5s4 ,to fully meet ^! dem&s ( di/ance & "t two l5ses w\ld be ne$$2 b1 aside f ! increas$ co/ & ! inconv5i5ce ( us+ two l5ses1 ! great size & weight ( a long-focus l5s are drawbacks4 ,^! objections are l>gely ov]come by ! use ( ! symmetrical l5ses plac$ 9 mo/ ( ! long-focus boxes1 or1 if exp5se be n consid]$1 by a 8conv]tible0 l5s4 ,= sev]al ye>s ,i h us$ a 8,victor0 l5s1 sold ) ! 8,premo0 long-focus cam]a4 ,! comb9$ focus ( ! front & back l5ses is sev5 & a half in*es1 ( ei!r ( ! l5ses alone1 fifte5 in*es4 ,! s+le l5s !re=e1 ! di/ance be+ ! same1 gives an image d\ble ! size ( t ca/ by ! two l5ses toge!r4 ,?is l5s has be5 ?or\ghly te/$1 & _m ( ! pictures giv5 9 ?is book 7 made ) x4 ,:5 ! conditions are favorable & ! subject n extremely difficult x yields satisfactory results4 ,! 8conv]tible0 l5ses ( v>i\s mak]s are also sep>able1 & :]e ! re> & front l5ses are ( diff]5t foci ?ree focal l5g?s are obta9able4 ,^! l5ses are ( ! highe/ grade1 & consequ5tly exp5sive4 ,9 a bright light1 or :]e great spe$ is n requir$1 !y d n seem to be z sup]ior to ! trade l5s z ! mu* high] price w\ld lead "o to expect4 ,b 9 dull days1 or 9 ! %ad[1 or :]e extremely rapid exposures are necess>y1 _! sup]ior qualities become evid5t4 ,my exp]i5ce ) ^! conv]tible l5ses has be5 limit$ to ! ,zeiss ,ana/igmat1 ,s]ies ,,vii a1 ( :i* ,i am n[ us+ a ,no4 #aj ) a comb9$ focus ( eight in*es1 ! front & re> l5ses bo? hav+ a focal l5g? ( f\rte5 in*es4 ,?is comb9ation is pref]r$ to "o 9 :i* ! compon5t l5ses are ( diff]5t foci1 because ( ! great] spe$ ( ! two :5 comb9$1 & fur!rmore1 because1 be+ ( ! same focus1 !y c\ld1 if occasion arose1 be us$ 9 a tw9-l5s box4 ,! spe$ ( ! comb9ation is regi/]$ at ,f4 #f4c2 t ( ! s+le l5ses at #ab4e4 ,) ! =m] ! mo/ rapid exposures c be made successfully1 :ile ! latt] are suffici5tly fa/ to p]mit ( ord9>y in/antane\s "w4 ,?is l5s is /at$ to cov] a #e #h plate1 & :5 9 use on a #d #e cam]a gives a high degree ( illum9ation & p]fect def9ition4 ,! telephoto l5s may be employ$ 9 c]ta9 k9ds ( bird photography ) n unsatisfactory results4 ,its disadvantages are lack ( spe$1 an exposure ( at lea/ "o half a second to a second be+ requir$ at ,f4 #h 9 bright sunlight1 ! necessity ( extreme c>e 9 focus+1 & ( absolute rigidity ( ! cam]a at ! "t ( mak+ ! exposure4 ,9 %ort1 ! telephotograph] ne$s m "t1 bo? be=e & aft] press+ 8 bulb1 ?an ! bird photograph] is (t5 accord$4 ,h[ev]1 ) su* subjects z ne/s high 9 trees or on cliffs1 ,h]ons & o!r %ore-inhabit+ birds1 ,ducks on ! wat] or ,hawks p]*$ 9 leafless trees1 ! telephoto w be f\nd s]viceable4 ,negatives are frequ5tly secur$ 9 :i* ! figure ( ! bird1 :ile small1 is %>p1 :51 by enl>gem5t1 a desirable picture c be made ( :at 9 ! orig9al 0 too small to be easily di/+ui%able4 ,an increase 9 size ( two diamet]s is possible f any fairly %>p negative1 b if ! object be 9 p]fect focus an increase ( f\r diamet]s may be made4 ,^! enl>gem5ts may be made ) an enl>g+ cam]a or ) ! aid ( a ,nehr+ enl>g+ l5s1 :i* is plac$ betwe5 ! front & back l5ses ( ! view l5s1 :51 ) ! ord9>y long-focus cam]a1 a magnification ( ab\t f\r diamet]s may be obta9$1 ! image be+ ?r[n on to a piece ( bromide pap] 9 ! plate hold]4 ,?r\gh enl>gem5t _m app>5tly wor?less negatives become ( value1 & 9 "s in/ances pictures c be made f diff]5t p>ts ( ! same negative4 ,f ! sportsman-photograph]'s /&po9t !re is1 h[ev]1 "o objection to ! use ( a magnify+ l5s4 ,x gives deceptive results1 & ^? :o are n famili> ) its p[]s are apt to accord ! photograph] undue praise = 8 app>5t skill 9 successfully approa*+ "s bird or bea/ :i* may h be5 f> out ( range4 ,a n :olly unrelat$ k9d ( enl>gem5t is sometimes appli$ to ! cont5ts ( creels & game bags6 ,b ! animal photograph] is s heavily h&icapp$ t 9 ?is case ! end assur$ly ju/ifies ! means4 ,z a matt] ( in=mation1 h[ev]1 x seems em95tly desirable to accompany all enl>g$ pictures by a /atem5t ( ! ext5t ( _! magnification1 & ?r\gh\t ?is book ?is plan is foll[$4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 !re is no m5tion ( enl>gem5t1 x may be accept$ z a fact t ! pr9t f :i* ! reproduction 0 made 0 obta9$ f ! negative by contact4 ,9 illu/ration ( ^! sugge/ions 9 reg>d to ! prop] l5ses = bird photography1 a s]ies ( pictures is pres5t$ :i* %[s ! results to be obta9$ "u ! same conditions ) diff]5t l5ses4 ,illu/ration3 #b4 ,l5s ,te/ ,no4 #a4 ,m\nt$ ,flick] on f5ce po/1 di/ance fifty feet4 ,eight-in* focus1 ,zeiss ,conv]tible1 ,no4 #aj1 ,s]ies ,,vii a l5s2 diaphragm ,f4 #h1 second2 ,cram] 8,cr[n0 plate4 ,photograph$ at noon1 9 sunlight1 ,novemb] #cj1 #ahii4 ,illu/ration3 #c4 ,! bird 9 ,te/ ,no4 #a enl>g$ ab\t ?ree diamet]s4 ,plac+ a m\nt$ ,flick] 7,colaptes auratus7 on a f5ce po/1 & sett+ up my tripod at a measur$ di/ance ( fifty feet1 a s]ies ( te/ exposures 0 made1 ( :i* ?ree are pres5t$ z foll[s3 ,fir/1#b eight-in* l5s 7,zeiss ,conv]tible ,s]ies ,,vii a1 ,no4 #aj71 /op ,f4 #h1 "t second2 second1#d f\rte5-in* front l5s ( ! comb9ation1 /op ,f4 #af 7equival5t to ,f4 #d ( ! eight-in*72 ?ird1#f telephoto atta*m5t ) eight-in* l5s1 tw5ty-"o-in* bell[s1 /op ,f4 #h ( ! eight-in*1 "t "o second4 ,comm5t+ on ! results ( ^! te/s x may fir/ be m5tion$ t 9 ! 8,unicum0 %utt] employ$ exposures ( a s-call$ 80 & 80 seconds gave exactly ! same results bo? ) ! comb9$ eight-in* l5s & ! front f\rte5-in* l5s2 ! actual "t1 h[ev]1 0 d\btless n f> f ( a second4 ,! negatives1 !re=e1 %[1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! long-focus l5s is capable ( do+ fairly rapid "w4 ,cont9u+ our comp>ison1 we obs]ve t ! eight-in* gives a fairly wide field1 excell5t dep? ( focus1 b a v small image ( ! bird1 = :i* alone ! picture has be5 made4 ,) ! f\rte5-in* we decrease ! ext5t ( ! field ne>ly "o half & almo/ d\ble ! size ( ! object pictur$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 has be5 done at ! loss ( dep? ( focus1 n ev5 ! fir/ ( ! l9e ( po/s runn+ directly into ! backgr\nd be+ %>ply def9$1 :ile ) ! eight-in* all are 9 focus4 ,illu/ration3 #d4 ,l5s ,te/ ,no4 #b4 ,same subject1 di/ance1 plate1 & date z ,te/ ,no4 #a4 ,front l5s 7f\rte5-in* focus7 ( ,zeiss ,conv]tible1 ,no4 #aj2 diaphragm ,f4 #af2 second4 ,illu/ration3 #e4 ,! bird 9 ,te/ ,no4 #b enl>g$ ab\t ?ree diamet]s4 ,! telephoto gives an enl>gem5t ( ab\t six diamet]s ( ! image ?r[n by eight-in* l5s1 & ?ree diamet]s increase ( t ( ! f\rte5-in* l5s4 ,x practically re/ricts ! picture to ! imm$iate surr\nd+s ( ! bird1 & is )\t focal dep?4 ,illu/ration3 #f4 ,l5s ,te/ ,no4 #c4 ,same subject1 di/ance1 plate1 & date z ,te/s ,nos4 #b & #c4 ,eight-in* ,zeiss ,conv]tible1 ,s]ies ,,vii a1 ,no4 #aj1 ) telephoto atta*m5t2 diaphragm ,f4 #h2 tw5ty-"o-in* bell[s2 "o second 7 second 0 lat] f\nd to be full "t74 ,hav+ n[ made ?ree good negatives 9 ! field1 we may1 by enl>gem5t1 improve on ! image ( ! bird obta9$4 ,! possibilities 9 ?is direction are cle>ly %[n by ! ?ree enl>gem5ts accompany+ ! contact pr9ts f _! respective negatives4 ,9 ea* in/ance ! enl>gem5t is ab\t ?ree diamet]s1 & ! telephoto negative ( c\rse furni%es ! mo/ satisfactory picture4 ,:5 ! difficulties ( telephotography are consid]$1 h[ev]1 & ! -second exposure ( ! f\rte5-in* l5s1 :i* p]mits ( h& "w1 is comp>$ ) ! "o second ( ! telephoto1 we believe t = g5]al "w 9 photograph+ birds a l5s hav+ a focal l5g? ( at lea/ f\rte5 in*es w be f\nd ! mo/ satisfactory4 ,x %\ld be add$ t1 9 ord] to make !m :olly comp>able1 ! ?ree contact pr9ts z well z ! enl>gem5ts 7 made on enamel$ bromide pap]4 ,illu/ration3 #g4 ,! bird 9 ,te/ ,no4 #c enl>g$ ab\t ?ree diamet]s4 ,! ,%utt]4--,= fairly rapid1 sl[1 & "t exposures1 a l5s %utt]1 su* z is sold ) trade cam]as1 w be f\nd suitable4 ,simplicity & noiselessness are ! *ief requirem5ts 9 ?is k9d ( a %utt]4 ,! 8,iris ,diaphragm0 %utt] is noiseless :5 us$ = sl[ exposures ( two or ?ree seconds1 a matt] ( mu* importance 9 mak+ "t pictures ( sitt+ birds1 :o are apt to turn _! head if !y he> ! click ( ! %utt]4 ,?is %utt]1 h[ev]1 does n respond quickly 9 sl[ exposures & is v heavy1 a disadvantage 9 telephotography4 ,! 8,unicum0 %utt] is light]1 responds quickly1 has a lev] to :i* a ?read may be atta*$ = mak+ exposures f a di/ance1 c be easily diaphragm$ f ! re>1 b is n :olly noiseless4 ,!re are also o!r %utt]s1 ea* possess+ good po9ts ( its own1 & ! selection ( any "o ( !m = use 9 m$ium rapid1 sl[1 or "t "w c be left to ! photograph]1 :o %\ld1 h[ev]1 rememb] t ! "t scales on ^! %utt]s repres5t degrees ( diff]5ce & n exact measurem5ts ( "t1 & t !re is great v>iation 9 ! exposures ( diff]5t %utt]s ( ! same make :5 simil>ly adju/$4 ,?us ! 8"o fif? ( a second0 ( "o %utt] may be equival5t to ! 8"o second0 ( ano!r4 ,! scale on mo/ ( ^! %utt]s calls = a spe$ n exce$+ a "p ( a second1 b ?is is f> too sl[ an exposure to successfully photograph a fly+ bird at %ort range :]e a spe$ ( at lea/ ( a second is requir$4 ,= v rapid "w ! *oice is limit$ to "o k9d ( %utt]--t is1 ! focal-plane1 :i* 9 effect is a curta9 ) an adju/able slit :i* is plac$ directly 9 front ( ! plate4 ,great spe$ ) ?is %utt] is 9 "p secur$ by increas+ ! t5sion ( ! spr+1 :i* acts z its motive p[]1 b m p>ticul>ly by decreas+ ! wid? ( ! slit4 ,assum+1 !re=e1 t x takes "o second = ! slit to pass f top to bottom ( a plate f\r in*es high1 & t ! slit is "o in* 9 wid?1 x foll[s t ea* portion ( ! plate is expos$ to ! light = a qu>t] ( a second4 ,decreas+ ! wid? ( ! slit "o half1 proportionally r$uces ! "t ( ! exposure1 & by ?is means1 9 connection ) an increase 9 ! spe$ ) :i* ! curta9 is mov$1 an exposure ( ( a second is possible4 ,9 addition to possess+ ! advantage ( great spe$1 ?is %utt] also passes a high] p]c5tage ( light ?an a l5s %utt] ev5 :5 ! actual "t ( ! s-call$ exposure is ! same4 ,?is is due to ! fact t ! l5s op5+ is 9 no way affect$1 x be+ ! same ?r\gh\t ! exposure4 ,) a l5s %utt]1 on ! contr>y1 ! full value ( ! op5+ is giv5 = only a fractional "p ( ! exposure1 ! p>ts ( ! %utt] m or less fill+ ! op5+ dur+ ! re/ ( ! "t4 ,) a focal-plane %utt]1 !re=e1 "o may d rapid "w "u conditions :]e a l5s %utt] c\ld n be successfully employ$2 "t exposures1 h[ev]1 c n be made ) ! focal-plane %utt]1 & = all-ar\nd "w ! cam]a %\ld be fitt$ ) bo? a l5s & a focal-plane %utt]4 ,! reflect+ cam]a1 z be=e /at$1 is fitt$ ) a focal-plane %utt]1 &1 z describ$1 x is releas$ by press+ ! lev]1 :i* raises ! mirror4 ,l5s %utt]s1 h[ev]1 are releas$ by a pneumatic bulb1 or 9 "s cases by a ?read or /r+4 ,:5 ! exposure is to be made f a di/ance z mu* z "o hundr$ feet ( tub+ may be employ$4 ,) any l5g? ( ov] tw5ty-five feet an extra l>ge bulb is requir$4 ,! ord9>y tub+ sold by photograph]s w n be f\nd s well adapt$ to long-di/ance "w z a less ela/ic k9d1 :i* does n s readily yield to pressure & transmits a l>g] portion ( ! =ce appli$ :5 squeez+ ! bulb4 ,! ,tripod4--,a /\t two-l5g? tripod is to be pref]r$ to "o ( ! sl5d] multifold+ type1 9 :i* /ability is sacrific$ to weight & size4 ,! legs1 except ! inn] sides ( ! upp] section into :i* ! l[] section slides1 & brass "w %\ld be pa9t$ b>k color 9 ord] to make !m z inconspicu\s z possible4 ,= use 9 ! wat] a metal tripod w prove m s]viceable ?an "o ( wood4 ,a v useful sub/itute = a tripod is ! 8,graphic0 ball-&-socket clamp design$ m especially = bicycle cam]i/s4 ,) x a cam]a c easily be atta*$ to ! limb ( a tree1 rung ( a ladd]1 or1 by screw+ a block on to ! head ( ! tripod1 x may be employ$ 9 connection ) ! tripod--9 fact its applicability w be evid5t to e "o us+ x4 ,plates4--,among ! _m excell5t br&s ( plates n[ (f]$ to photograph]s !re is really v little diff]5ce4 ,h[ev]1 x is advisable to select ! "o y ?9k ! mo/ rapid & use x to ! exclusion ( all o!rs4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances--9 photograph+ ,rob9s1 = in/ance--iso*romatic plates w be f\nd desirable1 & :]e a /rong head light c n be avoid$ nonhalation plates may be employ$4 ,s mu* indu/ry1 skill1 & pati5ce are g5]ally requir$ ( ! bird photograph] be=e he makes an exposure t he %\ld gu>d aga9/ all *ances ( failure f ! photographic side4 ,x is !re=e advisable to ?or\ghly te/ plates :i* x is probable may be expos$ on a v difficult subject4 ,"u no circum/ances %\ld ! plate hold]s be ne$lessly expos$ to ! light1 & :5 ! cam]a is to be left = an indef9ite p]iod ) ! slide drawn f ! hold] & plate ready to expose1 x %\ld be c>efully wrapp$ 9 ! d>k-clo?4 ,bl9ds4--,z ! sportsman con/ructs bl9ds 9 :i* he may conceal himself f 8 prey1 s ! bird photograph] may employ v>i\s means ( hid+ f 8 subjects4 ,! ,ke>tons recomm5d an artificial tree trunk = use 9 wood$ places & an artificial rubbi% heap = op5 fields4 ,! =m] may be made ( light duck1 pa9t$ to resemble b>k1 & plac$ ov] a frame4 ,! frame ( ! ,ke>tons' is ( bamboo1 b ,i f9d :ite p9e answ]s v well1 ! ma9 ?+s to be consid]$ be+ lightness & portability4 ,! frame %\ld !re=e be collapsible 9 ord] t x may be easily pack$4 ,! ,ke>tons' field bl9d or 8rubbi% heap0 consi/s ( an umbrella1 to ea* ( ! ribs ( :i* /rips ( bamboo f\r feet 9 l5g? are ti$4 ,?is is !n cov]$ ) light br[n holl& & wisps ( /raw ti$ ov] x 9 su* a way z to 8virtually ?at* ! :ole /ructure40 ,d\btless corn/alks prop]ly arrang$ w\ld make an excell5t field bl9d4 ,x is difficult to c>ry "o ( ^! bl9ds 9 addition to a cam]a1 etc41 )\t assi/ance1 & ,i fe> t ! inconv5i5ce att5d+ _! use w re/rict !m to ! few en?usia/s :o c\nt nei!r "t1 labor1 nor co/ 9 atta9+ a desir$ end4 ,= my own "p1 ,i pref]1 :5 possible1 to conceal my cam]a & make ! exposure f a di/ance r ?an to weight myself ) a portable bl9d & to endure ! discom=ts ( be+ conf9$ )9 x4 ,sundries4--,! bird photograph] w f9d t he requires num]\s articles n usually to be f\nd 9 ! regulation photographic outfit1 z1 = example1 climb]s = asc5d+ trees & /\t cords = haul+ ! cam]a up aft] him2 a d>k-clo?1 gre5 9 color1 to aid 9 disguis+ ! cam]a1 & a mirror4 ,! latt] %\ld be ( plate glass1 & measure at lea/ twelve by t5 in*es4 ,a good plan is to buy a piece ( glass ( desir$ size & frame x simply 9 :ite p9e4 ,x may !n be atta*$ to a limb1 a /ick driv5 9 ! gr\nd1 or o!r conv5i5t object1 by means ( ! ball-&-socket clamp m5tion$ "u ,tripods1 :i* may be screw$ into ! back or ! out] bord] ( ! frame4 ,su* a mirror w reflect sunlight _m y>ds to %ad$ ne/s1 :]e1 9 photograph+ old or "y birds1 a quick exposure is necess>y4 ,a ve/-pocket mirror1 = use 9 reflect+ ! read+ ( ! diaphragms or "t on ! %utt]1 w p]mit "o to make ! desir$ *anges f ! re>1 & ?us prove helpful :5 conditions d n p]mit "o to "w 9 front ( ! cam]a4 ,a device :i* might be arrang$ on ! pr9ciple ( a trap1 ! trigg] to be sprung & exposure made :5 ! bait is tak51 w\ld d\btless capture "s int]e/+ pictures4 ,an app>atus connect$ ) an automatically fir$ fla%-light1 has be5 employ$ by ,mr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,%iras1 ( ,pittsburg1 9 photograph+ de] at night1 ) ph5om5al success4 ,! connection ) ! cam]a %utt] 0 s made t ! de]1 9 walk+1 t\*$ a cord :i* explod$ ! fla%-light1 &1 at ! same mom5t1 made ! exposure4 ,! light weight ( mo/ birds1 h[ev]1 requires a mu* m delicate app>atus1 :ile an ev5 great] difficulty is f\nd 9 ! movem5t caus$ by ! release ( ! trigg]1 :i* />tles ! bird j z ! exposure is made4 ,?us f> 9 my exp]im5ts ,i h be5 unable to ov]come ^! objections1 b ,i tru/ "s o!r bird photograph] w be m successful4 ,^? :o are ambiti\s 9 ! direction ( cliff photography ,i w\ld ref] to ! ,ke>tons' admirable treatise on ! subject 9 _! ,wild ,life at ,home1 = a description ( ! p>aph]nalia ne$$ & ! mann] 9 :i* x %\ld be us$4 ,my own exp]i5ce 9 ?is l9e is limit$1 & ,i confess to ! utt] abs5ce ( a desire to increase x6 ,,! ,,me?ods ,,( ,,! ,,bird ,,photograph] ,claim+ no special k ( ! te*nique ( pure photography1 ,i w\ld ref] ! beg9n] to any ( ! sev]al excell5t books design$ to expla9 ! rudim5ts ( optical & *emical photography1 & to in/ruct 9 reg>d to ! matt]s ( expos+1 develop+1 pr9t+1 etc4 ,only su* sugge/ions are giv5 "h1 !re=e1 z relate directly to ! mann] 9 :i* birds1 _! ne/s1 eggs1 & haunts may be photograph$4 ,haunts4--,photographs ( ! *>act]i/ic haunts ( birds %\ld %[ n alone g5]al topography1 b %\ld also be made ) special ref]5ce to ! bird's fe$+ habits1 :i*1 m ?an any?+ else1 gov]n ! nature ( ! locality select$4 ,?us1 a photograph ( ! home ( ! ,woodcock w\ld h add$ value if1 9 ! imm$iate =egr\nd1 ! 8bor+s0 made by ?is bird 9 prob+ ! e>? = food 7 evid5t2 or a m>% sc5e1 9 :i* wild rice 0 conspicu\s1 w\ld tell some?+ ( bo? ! haunts & ! food habits ( ! ,re$bird & ,r$-w+$ ,blackbird 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,9 a simil> way1 pictures ( wild *]ry & dogwood trees1 ( bayb]ries & r$ c$>1 :i* %[ bo? fruit & surr\nd+s1 are ( int]e/ 9 connection ) ! biographies ( _m birds4 ,illu/ration3 #h4 ,spr+4 ,illu/ration3 #i4 ,summ]4 ,seasons4--,! cam]a p]mits u to make s exact a record ( ! rise & fall ( ! ye>1 z x is regi/]$ by vegetation1 t we c actually comp>e exi/+ conditions ) ^? :i* prevail$ at any previ\s "t4 ,comp>e1 = example1 ! s]ies ( f\r pictures#h-aa "h pres5t$1 all made f ! same po9t ( view1 9 ord] to appreciate h[ graphically seasonal *anges may be %[n by ! cam]a4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 photography is ( m s]vice to ! botani/ ?an to ! orni?ologi/2 b e /ud5t ( migration kn[s h[ closely relat$ are ! appe>ance ( c]ta9 birds & fl[]s1 & w readily appreciate1 !re=e1 ! value ( a s]ies ( photographs ( sev]al diff]5t subjects1 tak5 at %ort int]vals1 & %[+ ! *anges 9 vegetation due to ! approa* ( summ] or w9t]4 ,9 connection ) su* relat$ ph5om5a z temp]ature1 ra9fall1 & wea!r1 ^! pictures =m z accurate a record ( ! seasons z x is possible to make1 & if data ( ?is k9d c\ld be br\ght toge!r f _m select$ localities1 we %\ld h an admirable basis = ! intellig5t /udy ( c]ta9 phases ( bird migration4 ,illu/ration3 #aj4 ,autumn4 ,ne/s & ,eggs4--,! photograph+ ( ne/s is "o ( ! simpl] =ms ( bird photography1 b 9 _m in/ances success is a*iev$ only ?r\gh ! ex]cise ( mu* pati5ce & +5uity4 ,illu/ration3 #aa4 ,w9t]4 ,x %\ld con/antly be borne 9 m9d1 9 photograph+ ne/s1 t :at is desir$ is n s mu* a picture ( ! ne/ alone z "o :i* %[s x 9 relation to its environm5t--9 %ort1 a picture ( ! ne/+ site is ( m value ?an "o ( ! ne/ only4 ,x is advisable1 h[ev]1 to make at lea/ ?ree pictures1 two#ab1 #ac ( :i* %all %[ ! nature ( ! locality *os51 ! o!r#ad ! "* ( ! ne/ & its imm$iate surr\nd+s4 ,:5 ! ne/ is n above five feet f ! gr\nd1 little difficulty w be exp]i5c$ 9 secur+ ! desir$ picture4 ,:5 on ! gr\nd x w sometimes be f\nd helpful to put :at naturally w\ld be ! re> leg ( ! tripod =w>d1 betwe5 ! o!r two1 :5 x w s]ve z a brace f 9 front1 & p]mit ! cam]a to be tilt$ well d[nw>d )\t dang] ( its fall+4 ,ne/s at an elevation ( sev5 or eight feet1 9 sapl+s1 may be photograph$ by l5g!n+ ! tripod ) %ort legs1 ea* suppli$ ) two /aples or coll>s into :i* ! ends ( ! tripod may be slipp$2 or a ladd] or light scaffold+ w sometimes be f\nd necess>y4 ,illu/ration3 #ab4 ,to %[ ne/ locality (3 #a1 ,tree ,swall[2 #b1 ,am]ican ,bitt]n2 #c1 ,song ,sp>r[2 #d1 ,m>yl& ,yell[-?roat2 #e1 ,m>% ,hawk1 ( :i* ne/+ site1 ne/1 & "y are %[n 9 ! two foll[+ pictures1 ,nos4 #ac & #ad4 ,m]idian1 ,n4 ,y41 ,june #h1 #ahih4 ,= photograph+ ne/s 9 trees ! 8,graphic0 ball-&-socket clamp is ( great assi/ance4 ,) x ! cam]a may be atta*$ to a limb1 or1 if ! limb is too l>ge1 a block may be nail$ to x1 ?us furni%+ a grip to :i* ! clamp may be fa/5$4 ,illu/ration3 #ac4 ,ne/+ site1 ne/1 & "y ( ,m>% ,hawk4 ,ne/s %\ld be photograph$ f ! side1 b eggs %\ld be photograph$ f above 9 ord] to %[ _! position 9 ! ne/ z !y 7 arrang$ by ! incubat+ bird4 ,! ne/ %\ld !re=e nev] be tipp$1 nor %\ld ! eggs be t\*$1 le/ ! value ( ! subject be de/roy$4 ,! m>k+s ( mo/ birds' eggs are already well kn[n1 b if photographs ( !m are desir$ !y c be made f ! ?\s&s ( egg%ells ) :i* ill-direct$ ef=t has /ock$ ! cab9ets ( misguid$ ologi/s4 ,illu/ration3 #ad4 ,"y ,m>% ,hawks & ne/4 ,x is n advisable to make photographs ( ne/s 9 ! sunlight1 a diffus$ light giv+ great] detail4 ,a scre5 ( "s ?9 :ite mat]ial %\ld !re=e be us$ z a %ade :5 photograph+ ne/s expos$ to ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w n be f\nd necess>y if ! picture be made )9 two or ?ree h\rs aft] sunrise1 :5 ! light is s(t & ! foliage comp>atively motionless1 p]mitt+ ! use ( a small diaphragm & a long exposure4 ,illu/ration3 #ae4 ,"y ,great-cre/$ ,flycat*]4 ,"y ,birds4--,! ease ) :i* photographs ( "y birds may (t5 be secur$1 ! fact t ) ! cam]a _! appe>ance & developm5t may be m satisfactorily record$ ?an 9 any o!r way1 makes _! /udy by ! photograph] ( exce$+ importance4 ,photographs ( "y birds %\ld ( c\rse be accompani$ by notes on food1 calls1 special actions1 etc41 :i* ! cam]a c n well portray4 ,! "y bird is a wor?y subject f ! mom5t x leaves ! %ell until1 z f> z flight is conc]n$1 x des]ves to be rank$ ) its eld]s4 ,:5 possible1 s]ies ( pictures %\ld be made %[+ ! rate ( gr[? ( ! same brood f ! p]iod ( hat*+ to ! date :5 ! ne/ is des]t$4 ,circum/ances d n1 h[ev]1 (t5 p]mit ( ! =m+ ( ^! ideal s]ies1 & we mu/ !re=e photograph ! "y bird z we f9d him1 ei!r be=e or aft]#ae he has made 8 initial flight1 or z he is prep>+ = x4#af ,! sugge/ions made "u ! head ( ,birds' ,ne/s & ,eggs w apply 9 a g5]al way to photograph+ "y 9 ! ne/2 b ev5 :5 at re/ 9 o!r respects1 ! rapid respiration ( ne/l+s requires a quick exposure to insure %>pness ( outl9e1 &1 :5 9 ! %ad[1 suffici5t illum9ation c be secur$ only ) ! aid ( a reflector4 ,illu/ration3 #af4 ,"y ,baltimore ,orioles & ne/4 ,adult ,birds4--,x is 9 photograph+ birds 9 ! full possession ( ! p[]s ( maturity t ! bird photograph]'s skill & pati5ce are put to ! mo/ sev]e te/s4 ,x might be said t1 f a /rictly orni?ological po9t ( view1 ! results obta9$ d n 9 _m in/ances ju/ify ! "t exp5d$4 ,success1 h[ev]1 9 ?is field1 z 9 _m o!rs1 is n to be measur$ by ! atta9m5t ( a c]ta9 end1 b (t5 by ! exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 :at1 to "o hav+ only ! ultimate object 9 view1 may seem to h be5 fruitless ef=t4 ,9 mat*+ "o's ability z a hunt] aga9/ ! timidity & cunn+ ( a bird1 relations are e/abli%$ betwe5 ! photograph] & 8 subject :i* ( necessity result 9 _! becom+ intimately associat$4 ,illu/ration3 #ag4 ,wood ,?ru% on ne/4 ,d\btless we %all nev] "k j :at birds ?9k ( ! peculi> antics 9 :i* ! cam]a en?usia/ sometimes indulges1 b c]ta9 x is t an attempt to photograph "s ( ! mo/ famili> & presumably be/-kn[n birds w op5 ! photograph]'s eyes to facts 9 _! life hi/ories ( :i* he 0 previ\sly 9 utt] ignorance4 ,z a kn[n & fix$ po9t to :i* ! bird may be expect$ to return1 ! ne/ (f]s ! be/ opportunity to ! bird photograph]1 & photographs ( adult birds on or at _! ne/s are m common ?an ^? tak5 "u o!r conditions4#ag1 #ah ,illu/ration3 #ah4 ,*e/nut-sid$ ,w>bl] on ne/4 ,birds v>y greatly 9 _! attitude t[>d a cam]a :i* has be5 erect$ ne> _! homes2 "s species pay+ little att5tion to x1 &1 aft] a %ort "t1 com+ & go+ z ?\gh x _h always be5 !re1 :ile o!rs are suspici\s ( any object :i* *anges ! appe>ance ( _! surr\nd+s4 ,) ! latt] special precautions are necess>y1 & unusual c>e %\ld be tak5 9 work+ ab\t _! ne/s le/ !y be made to des]t x4 ,! long-focus l5s is "h ( great s]vice1 = x enables "o to secure a suffici5tly l>ge image f a di/ance ( t5 or twelve feet4 ,ev5 !n x w (t5 be necess>y to conceal or disguise ! cam]a by cov]+ x ) ! gre5 d>k-clo?1 v9es1 & leaves4 ,a rubb] tube or ?read ( requisite l5g? is !n atta*$ & ! exposure is made f a di/ance4 ,a dummy cam]a1 compos$ ( a box or log wrapp$ 9 a gre5 clo? & plac$ on a tripod made f sapl+s1 may sometimes be erect$ to advantage sev]al days be=e "o expects to attempt to photograph ! bird1 :o 9 ! meantime becomes accu/om$ to x & quickly returns to ! ne/ aft] ! real cam]a has be5 sub/itut$4 ,! artificial tree trunk w\ld d\btless be ( assi/ance 9 "s k9ds ( bird-at-!-ne/ photography1 especially :5 "o desir$ to secure pictures ( ! old bird fe$+ its "y1 & 0 oblig$ !re=e to make ! exposure at j ! prop] mom5t4 ,9 mo/ in/ances1 h[ev]1 !re is suffici5t und]gr[? 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity to af=d concealm5t1 f :i* ) ! aid ( a glass "o may take note ( ev5ts4 ,) ! reflect+ cam]a "o may /alk birds on foot or ) a boat1 or 8squeak0 !m into range by kiss+ ! back ( ! h& vigor\sly1 a s\nd :i*1 dur+ ! ne/+ season especially1 ar\ses mu* curiosity or anxiety 9 ! bird's m9d4 ,! decoys1 bl9ds1 batt]ies1 sneak boxes1 etc41 ( ! sportsman are also at ! disposal ( ! hunt] ) a cam]a1 ?\gh ,i mu/ admit t my "o out+ to photograph bay birds ov] decoys result$ 9 an empty bag4 ,x 0 9 ! spr+1 h[ev]1 :5 ! bay birds surviv+ _h exp]i5c$ two %oot+ seasons & 7 exce$+ly wild4 ,9 ! fall1 ) birds born ! prec$+ summ]1 "o might be m successful4 ,birds may be sometimes br\ght )9 range ( ! cam]a by bait+ !m ) food1 &1 aft] !y h le>n$ to expect x1 plac+ ! cam]a 9 suitable position4 ,?is may be mo/ easily done :5 !re is sn[ on ! gr\nd1 at :i* "t hung] makes mo/ birds less suspici\s ( dang]4 ,illu/ration3 #ai4 ,catbird scold+4 ,f a consid]able exp]i5ce :i*1 ?r\gh poor equipm5t1 has n yield$ adequate return1 ,i am conv9c$ t "o may secure excell5t pictures ( _m birds by decoy+ !m ) ei!r a m\nt$ or liv+ ,owl2 d\btless ! latt] w\ld be pref]able1 ?\gh ,i h nev] tri$ x4 ,) a poorly m\nt$ ,scree* ,owl1 h[ev]1 ,i h _h "s excell5t opportunities to photograph4 ,my plan is to select "s spot :]e birds are num]\s1 pref]ably ne> ! home ( a ,catbird1#ai place ! ,owl 9 a conspicu\s position1 & erect ne> x a 8scold+ p]*10 f :i* ! prote/+ bird may conv5i5tly vitup]ate ! poor un(f5d+ little bun* ( fea!rs ) its />+ yell[ eyes4 ,! cam]a is !n focus$ on ! scold+ p]* & ! photograph] retires into ! und]gr[?1 &1 bulb 9 h&1 waits = "s bird to take ! desir$ /&4 ,a ,catbird's doma9 is *os5 = ! reason t ?is species is ! al>mi/ ( :atev] neighborhood x may inhabit1 & once its att5tion has be5 attract$ to ! ,owl by 8squeak+0 or utt]+ ! al>m notes ( o!r birds1 ! photograph] may subside & let ! ,catbird d ! re/4 ,! bird's rage is rem>kable1 its fe> pa9ful4 ,%\ld ! ,owl be ne> to ! ,catbird's ne/ x w utt] notes 9 a tone ( voice ,i h nev] he>d x use on o!r occasions4 ,x loses all fe> ( ! cam]a1 & f ! scold+ p]* screams at ! ,owl ) a vehem5ce :i* ?reat5s to crack its ?roat4 ,"o is glad to remove ! (f5d+ cause4 ,o!r birds 9 ! vic9ity are ( c\rse attract$1 & ha/5 to le>n ! mean+ ( ! upro>4 ,(t5 a bit ( und]gr[?1 ( :i* ! ,catbird 0 app>5tly ! only fea!r$ t5ant1 w be f\nd to possess a l>ge bird population4 ,x is int]e/+ to obs]ve ! diff]5ce 9 ! actions ( v>i\s birds z !y le>n ! reason ( ! di/urbance4 ,on ! :ole1 ea* species displays its *>act]i/ic disposition 9 a some:at acc5tuat$ mann]4 ,! ,blue-w+$ ,w>bl]s flit to & fro = a few mom5ts & !n are gone2 ! ,*e/nut-sid$ ,w>bl] is q anxi\s2 ! ,m>yl& ,yell[-?roat some:at annoy$2 ! ,ov5bird decid$ly conc]n$2 ! ,t[hee bu/les ab\t1 b seems to pay no especial att5tion to ! ,owl2 ! ,wood ,?ru% utt]s its %>p pit-pit1 b is cont5t to let well en\gh alone if its own ne/ be n ?reat5$2 & ! ,yell[-?roat$1 ,r$-ey$1 & ,:ite-ey$ ,vireos1 p>ticul>ly ! latt]1 add _! compla9+ notes to ! *orus ( prote/s4 ,n "o1 h[ev]1 approa*es ! ,catbird 9 ! =ce ( its rem>ks1 nor does ! bird cease to outcry s long z ! ,owl is visible4 ,x is felt t 9 ! =ego+ sugge/ions ! me?ods :i* may be employ$ by ! bird photograph] are v inadequately describ$1 b1 z 0 rem>k$ 9 ! preface ( ?is volume1 ! con/antly v>y+ circum/ances att5d+ 8 "w practically prohibit duplication ( exp]i5ce4 ,9 tru?1 h]e9 lies ! great *>m ( animal photography4 ,we h n to foll[ c]ta9 =mul1 b ea* subject pres5ts its own individual requirem5ts1 mak+ ! dem&s on ! naturali/'s skill & pati5ce limitless & success proportionately valuable4 ,,bird ,,/udies ,,) ,a ,,cam]a ,,bird ,,photography ,,beg9s ,,at ,,home ,! influ5ce ex]t$ by ! cam]a 9 creat+ new values = ! bird /ud5t is p]haps n[h]e m evid5t ?an 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( "o's home4 ,ev5 ! view f our w9d[s possesses fre% significance z we speculate on ! probability ( secur+ a desirable picture f ?is or t po9t ( vantage1 :ile birds to :i* long famili>ity has p>tially dimm$ our vision n[ become possible subjects = our cam]a1 & we f9d ourselves obs]v+ _! movem5ts ) an al]tness be=e unkn[n4 ,9 my own case1 ,i h le>n$ almo/ to tol]ate ! ,h\se ,sp>r[s1 ) :i* ,i h be5 at w> z long z memory s]ves me1 = ! pleasure f\nd 9 attempt+ to outwit ^! %rewd1 indep5d5t1 impud5t rats among birds2 &1 on clos] acqua9tance1 !y prove su* int]e/+ subjects = /udy t1 if _! vocal ability equal$ _! intellig5ce1 !y might be z g5]ally lik$ z !y are hat$4 ,s mu* = ! magic ( a sweet voice4 ,z x is1 !y possess a great] v>iety ( notes ?an !y are g5]ally cr$it$ )1 & _! conv]sational p[]s und\bt$ly exce$ ^? ( _m accompli%$ s+]s4 ,9 addition to ! insi/5t1 reit]at$ *issick1 *issick1 :i* con/itutes ! song ( ! male1 "o soon le>ns to recognize calls ( w>n+1 al>m1 flight1 battle1 & ! s(t :i/le :i* ! bird utt]s :5 x approa*es its ne/--! only musical note 9 its vocabul>y4 ,illu/ration3 #bj4 ,h\se ,sp>r[s & ,junco4 ,quick to notice ! slighte/ deviation f normal conditions1 ,h\se ,sp>r[s are difficult birds to photograph4 ,!y seem to be con/antly on ! wat* = "s sign ( dang]1 & an unusual arrangem5t ( bl9d or %ade at once ar\ses _! suspicions4 ,aft] a heavy fall ( sn[1 h[ev]1 hung] dulls ! edge ( _! fe>s1 & by scatt]+ food ne> a suitable w9d[ ! birds may be decoy$ )9 photograph+ di/ance4#bj ,x w be f\nd necess>y1 ev5 !n1 to conceal ! cam]a1 :i* !y evid5tly di/+ui% f famili> pieces ( furniture & reg>d ) al>m4 ,?is1 too1 is ! be/ "t to secure pictures ( ,juncos1#ba ,*ickadees1 ,nu?at*es1 ,d[ny ,woodpeck]s1 ,blue ,jays1 & less common w9t] birds4 ,! f\r la/ nam$ are r>ely or nev] se5 ab\t my home 9 w9t]4 ,d\btless ! abundant & surr\nd+ woodl&s af=d !m a m cong5ial haunt1 f :i* !y are n to be entic$ by suet1 bones1 or gra92 or1 m likely /ill1 ! cu/om ( putt+ out food = birds is s unusual 9 ! region ab\t ,new ,york city t !y h n yet le>n$ to expect x4 ,x is a mo/ pleas+ surprise to ! resid5t ( ?is section to obs]ve ! numb]s & famili>ity ( w9t] birds 9 ! environs ( ,bo/on1 :]e a fea/ seems spread = !m 9 ne>ly e doory>d4 ,illu/ration3 #ba4 ,junco4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 #bb4 ,female ,h\se ,sp>r[ & ne/4 #c4 ,to return to ! ,sp>r[4 ,! bird's ne/ also provides a focal po9t = ! cam]a1 b1 z else:]e1 ! greate/ precautions mu/ be tak51 & ,i h succe$$ 9 secur+ a picture only :5 "s advantage\sly situat$ w9d[ af=d$ a natural bl9d4 ,"o ( ! pictures ?us obta9$ %[s a ne/ 9 ! ornam5tal "p ( a gutt]1 ) ! female look+ f an adjo9+ op5+4#bb ,?is gutt] seems especially design$ to furni% lodg+s = ,sp>r[s1 & no argum5t t ,i h ?us f> advanc$ has conv9c$ !m t x 0 n erect$ = _! use4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( _! occupancy1 a rap on _! ro( promptly br\ght !m out to p]* 9 ! bran*es ( ! neighbor+ trees1 :]e _! *att]+ prote/ 0 soon int]rupt$ by a gun%ot2 b ! survivors quickly le>n$ ! mean+ ( ! ro( tap1 & n[1 )\t a mom5t's pause1 !y dive d[nw>d f _! doorway & fly out ( range at topmo/ spe$4 ,illu/ration3 #bc4 ,scree* ,owl4 #c4 ,m welcome t5ants ?an ! ,h\se ,sp>r[s are a pair ( ,scree* ,owls1 :o = ye>s h re>$ _! broods 9 a dovecotelike gable1 :]e !y are beyond ! rea* ( ne/ robb]s ( all k9ds4 ,dur+ ! w9t] !y app>5tly are abs5t1 nor inde$ are !y se5 until ,june1 :51 ea* ev5+ at sund[n1 "o ( ! pair1 probably ! male1 takes 8 po/ at ! entrance to its home & gives utt]ance to ! croon+ refra9 :i* sometimes foll[s ! s-call$ tremul\s 8scree*40 ,b ! latt] ,i nev] he> at ?is season4 ,9 spite ( ! poor light prevail+ at ?is h\r1 ! bird's /illness has tempt$ repeat$ trials to secure its picture1 & ! mo/ successful1 made ) a f\rte5-in* l5s & an exposure ( fifte5 seconds1 is "h %[n4#bc ,telephotos h ?us f> be5 und]expos$4 ,z a means ( mak+ ! exposure z soon z possible aft] ! ,owl appe>$1 ,i h on a numb] ( occasions plac$ my cam]a 9 position1 focus$ & o!rwise made ready "s m9utes be=e he 0 expect$1 & ,i recall ) amusem5t ! incr$ulity ( a fri5d ^: surprise at see+ me po9t my cam]a skyw>d )\t o/5sible purpose 0 9 no way less5$ :5 ,i told him t ,i _h an appo9tm5t ) an ,owl1 :o 0 to take 8 /& %ortly 9 ! hole t[>d :i* ! cam]a 0 direct$2 & =tunately ! bird 0 on "t6 ,f ! p]*1 "s =ty feet al(t1 ! grave little creature surveys ! sc5e bel[ ) an expression ( comb9$ wisdom & ?\ghtfulness :i* makes a laugh seem wanton fooli%ness4 ,at ! bord] ( dusk & d>k he flies out to fe$1 (t5 desc5d+ to ! gr\nd & rema9+ !re = "s mom5ts :ile cat*+ insects4 ,occasionally he takes 8 prey f ! tree trunks1 p]haps a cicada /ruggl+ f its %ell1 & on sev]al occasions ,i h ?\ght he captur$ food on ! w+4 ,sometimes ! supp] hunt leads him to ! edge ( ! croquet lawn1 :]e f ! e>? or ! back ( a g>d5 b5* he becomes an int]e/$ spectator ( ! la/ game4 ,:5 ! "y appe>1 lat] 9 ! mon?1 ! ev]gre5s seem alive ) ,owls1 :o flit ab\t & utt] qu]ul\s little calls difficult ( description4 ,t[>d ! end ( ,july1 d\btless aft] ! molt is complet$1 presumably ! adults--= nev] m ?an two are he>d--beg9 to s+2 & ?is habit ( po/-nuptial s++ seems n to be conf9$ to ! ,scree* ,owl1 = ab\t ?is "t ! deep-ton$1 res\nd+ notes ( ! ,b>r$ ,owl come up f ! woods4 ,?r\gh\t ,augu/ & ,septemb] ! wail+ :i/le1 :i* is ev] welcome = its _s ( wildness1 is he>d nightly1 & z ! pla9tive notes tremble on ! hu%$ air we inv>iably say1 8,h>k1 !re's ! ,owl60 ,my exp]i5ce z bird photograph] ab\t home1 ,i mu/ admit1 has consi/$ *iefly 9 a s]ies ( enc\rag+ failures :i* h borne no tangible results4 ,let u hope1 h[ev]1 t ! few pictures "h pres5t$ w prove z sugge/ive to ! read] z !y are to _! mak]1 :o1 al?\gh he (f]s su* inadequate pro( 9 support ( 8 belief1 is f> too well conv9c$ ( ! possibilities ( home photography to g afield )\t say+ at lea/ a ^w 9 its behalf4 ,,! ,,*ickadee ,a ,/udy 9 ,black & ,:ite ,v e>ly 9 my exp]i5ce z a hunt] ,i became acqua9t$ ) a small black-&-:ite bird1 :o n only ann\nc$ himself ) unmi/akable di/9ctness1 b did s at su* close range t "o c\ld =m a v cle> idea ( 8 appe>ance2 & ?us because ( 8 notes & tru/fulness ,i le>n$ to "k ! ,*ickadee by "n ye>s be=e ,i 0 aw>e t ! woods 7 t5ant$ by doz5s ( o!r m common b less fe>less birds4 ,) regret = ! univ]sality ( ! in/9ct1 ,i f\nd t to see 0 to desire4 ,i _h felt exactly ! same long+ 9 reg>d to o!r birds1 & _h ?r[n _m a /one 9 a fruitless ef=t to get possession ( ! half-my/]i\s wild creatures :i* always elud$ me2 b ! ,*ickadee came )9 range ( my bean-%oot] & soon paid ! p5alty ( misplac$ confid5ce4 ,! little ball ( fle% & fluffy fea!rs 0 p]fectly useless1 s aft] a day or two1 ! l5g? ( "t dep5d+ on ! temp]ature1 x 0 ?r[n away4 ,my curiosity conc]n+ ! ,*ickadee be+ satisfi$1 & ! bird's tam5ess mak+ x too easy a m>k ev5 = a bean-%oot]1 ,i ent]$ on a new phase ( ,*ickadee relations4 ,/rangely en\gh1 ! kill+ ( ! bird seem$1 f my po9t ( view1 to con/itute an introduction to a creature :i* be=e ,i _h kn[n only imp]fectly1 & my acqua9tance ) ! ,*ickadee may be said to h begun :5 ,i pick$ up ! fir/ bird t fell be=e my aim4 ,h[ev] ! ,*ickadee may h reg>d$ my some:at que/ionable mann] ( ga9+ 8 fri5d%ip1 he has s9ce giv5 unmi/akable evid5ces ( 8 approval ( my treatm5t ( 8 k9d4 ,he always replies to my greet+1 (t5 com+ _m y>ds 9 answ] to my call1 & on a numb] ( occasions he has honor$ me above mo/ m5 by alight+ on my h&4 ,:51 9 m rec5t ye>s1 ! gun :i* succe$$ ! bean-%oot] 0 9 turn replac$ by a cam]a1 ,i f\nd t ! ,*ickadee's tam5ess made him a m>k = my lat] z he _h be5 = my e>li] ef=ts 9 bird hunt+4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ,i believe ,i may speak = him z well z = myself1 & say t ! results obta9$ are m satisfactory to u bo?4 ,x 0 9 ,c5tral ,p>k1 ,new ,york city1 9 ,febru>y1 #ahii1 t ,i w5t on "o ( my fir/ ,*ickadee hunts ) a cam]a4 ,incid5tally ! locality gave emphasis to ! advantages ( ! cam]a ov] any o!r weapon4 ,imag9e ! surprise ( ! p>k police _h ,i v5tur$ on _! prec9cts ) a gun on my %\ld]6 ,b ) a cam]a ,i c\ld snap away at pleasure )\t any "o's be+ ! wis]--_m ( my 8snaps10 ,i confess be+ att5d$ by exactly ?is result4 ,at ?is "t1 ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( an en?usia/ic & pati5t bird lov]1 :o _h improv$ on ! bird-cat*+ leg5d by us+ nuts in/ead ( 8salt0 & by sub/itut+ bill = 8tail10 ?ree ,*ickadees 9 ! ,ramble _h become s rem>kably tame t !y w\ld (t5 flutt] be=e "o's face & pla9ly give expression to _! desire = food1 :i* !y took f "o's h& )\t ! slighte/ evid5ce ( fe>4 ,sometimes !y ev5 rema9$ to pick ! nut f a %ell :ile p]*$ on "o's f+]1 anon ca/+ que/ion+ glances at _! ho/2 b m (t5 !y pref]r$ a p]* :]e !y c\ld give _! entire att5tion to ! nut :i* 0 held betwe5 _! feet1 & peck$ at aft] ! mann] ( ,blue ,jays4 ,illu/ration3 #bd4 ,*ickadee on gr\nd4 ,9 spite ( ! ease ) :i* "o c\ld approa* ^! ,*ickadees1 !y made difficult m>ks = ! cam]a4 ,i 0 arm$ ) a 8,h5ry ,clay0 #e #g & a tw9-l5s cam]a ( ! same size1 b s active 7 ! little creatures t n "o ( _m exposures prov$ to be p]fectly focus$4 ,f9ally ,i tri$ decoy+ ! birds to a bone or bit ( bread 9 ! bu%es1 b someh[ !y did n succe$ 9 discov]+ ^! baits until !y 7 plac$ on ! gr\nd4#bd1 #be ,!n !y respond$ s quickly t (t5 ! bread _h disappe>$ :ile my head 0 conceal$ by ! d>k-clo?1 & frequ5tly1 :ile focus+1 ! birds w\ld alight on ! tripod ( ! cam]a4 ,i 0 =c$1 !re=e1 to focus on a /one1 &1 :5 ready to make ! exposure1 lay a bit ( bread on or ne> ! focal po9t1 ! two pictures giv5 be+ ?us obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 #be4 ,*ickadee tak+ piece ( bread4 ,v>i\s exp]i5ces ) ^! unusually tame birds f9ally l$ to :at at fir/ ?\ght w\ld h be5 consid]$ ! :olly unreasonable ambition ( photograph+ "o ( !m 9 my h&4 ,! cam]a 0 !re=e erect$ at a suitable po9t & focus$ on ! trunk ( a tree1 ! %utt] set1 & slide drawn4 ,illu/ration3 #bf4 ,a bird 9 ! h&4 ,n[ to get ! bird4 ,none 0 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity1 b a :i/le soon br\ght a response f "s neighbor+ tree tops1 & go+ b5ea? !m ,i %ortly _h call$ ! bird d[n to a nut 9 my palm1 & ) him on my f+] />t$ to walk ! eighty or m feet to ! cam]a4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 ask+ too mu*1 & ! bird ab&on$ 8 mov+ p]* = a bord]+ r[ ( ev]gre5s1 f :i* "o or two m trials br\ght him )9 a %ort di/ance ( ! desir$ spot1 & re/+ my arm aga9/ ! tree trunk & ) ! o!r h& on ! trigg] ( ! %utt] ,i call$ aga9 ! two pla9tive notes4 ,! bird's fai? 0 /ill /rong4 ,almo/ imm$iately he took ! desir$ position1 :5 a click ann\nc$ ! realization ( a bird photograph]'s wilde/ dream4 ,=tunate is ! bird photograph] :o discov]s an advantage\sly situat$ ,*ickadee's ne/4 ,dr4 ,rob]t's *>m+ description 9 ,bird-,lore ( 8 exp]i5ce ) a family ( ,*ickadees /imulat$ my desire to make a cam]a /udy ( ?is species4 ,! fir/ ne/ f\nd1 h[ev]1 0 claim$ by a b& ( rov+ boys1 :o 9 pure wantonness pu%$ d[n ! /ub f :i* a few days lat] ! "y w\ld h issu$4 ,a second "t ,i 0 m =tunate4 ,x 0 on ! morn+ ( ,may #bi1 #ahii1 at ,englewood1 ,n4 ,j41 t 9 go+ ?r\gh a "y second gr[? ,i *anc$ to see a ,*ickadee1 :o 9 arrang+ h] mu*-worn plumage gave unmi/akable evid5ce ( hav+ rec5tly left h] ne/4 ,at once ,i look$ ab\t = a p>tly decay$ :ite bir*1 a tree especially suit$ to ! ,*ickadee's p[]s & ne$s4 ,! b>k rema9s t\gh & lea!ry long aft] ! int]ior is crumbl+1 & hav+ p5etrat$ ! out] %ell ! ,*ickadee f9ds no difficulty 9 excavat+ a *amb] )94 ,a few mom5ts' se>* reveal$ a /ub s typical z to mat* exactly ! image ,i held 9 my m9d's eye1 ) an op5+ ab\t f\r feet f ! gr\nd4 ,! int]ior 0 too gloomy to enable "o to det]m9e its cont5ts1 b1 return+ 9 half an h\r1 ,i tapp$ ! /ub lightly1 :51 z ?\gh ,i _h releas$ ! spr+ ( a ,jack-9-a-box1 a ,*ickadee popp$ out ( ! op5+ & into a neighbor+ tree4 ,i wi%$ h] good morn+1 assur$ h] t my int5tions 7 ( ! be/1 & promis$ to return & secure h] portrait at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,f\r days lat] ,i set up my cam]a be=e ! door to ! ,*ickadee's dwell+1 &1 )\t attempt+ to conceal x1 atta*$ ?read to ! %utt] & retreat$ 9 ! und]gr[? to a di/ance ( ab\t tw5ty-five feet4 ,aft] hav+ _h mo/ disc\rag+ exp]i5ces ) sev]al birds1 :o _h evid5tly reg>d$ ! cam]a z a mon/] ( de/ruction1 & _h refus$ to return to _! ne/s z long z ! evil eye ( ! l5s 0 on !m1 x 0 consol+ to f9d a bird :o _h "s degree ( confid5ce 9 human nature z repres5t$ by photographic app>atus4 ,x is true t ! female--& ?r\gh\t ?is description ,i assume t ! bird ) mu*-worn plumage 0 ( ?is sex--promptly left ! /ub at my approa*2 b :5 ,i retir$ to ! und]gr[? !re 0 no tiresome wait ( h\rs :ile ! bird1 flitt+ f bu% to bu%1 *irp$ suspici\sly1 b almo/ imm$iately %e return$ to h] home4#bg ,! cam]a 0 exam9$1 b cle>ly n consid]$ dang]\s1 its tripod sometimes s]v+ z a /ep to ! ne/ entrance4 ,! click ( ! %utt]1 h[ev]1 :5 an exposure 0 made z ! bird 0 ab\t to ent] its dwell+1 caus$ "s al>m1 & %e flew back to a neighbor+ tree1 & = "s "t hopp$ re/lessly f limb to limb4 ,! male1 :o _h previ\sly kept 9 ! backgr\nd1 n[ approa*$1 &1 z if to soo! 8 tr\bl$ mate1 ?\ghtfully gave h] a cat]pill>4 ,%e welcom$ him ) a g5tle1 tremul\s flutt]+ ( ! w+s--a motion simil> to t made by "y birds :5 begg+ = food4 ,he1 h[ev]1 made :at appe>$ to be precisely ! same movem5ts :5 %e p]*$ beside him4 ,illu/ration3 #bg4 ,*ickadee at ne/ hole4 ,x 0 n long be=e ! female became s accu/om$ to ! snap ( ! %utt] t 9 ord] to prev5t h] f ent]+ ! ne/ ,i 0 =c$ to ru% out f my hid+ place2 b at la/1 app>5tly becom+ desp]ate1 %e succe$$ 9 return+ to h] eggs 9 spite ( my be/ ef=ts to prev5t h]4 ,!re n[ ensu$ a v int]e/+ *ange 9 ! bird's action4 ,x w be rememb]$ t at fir/ %e _h left ! ne/ on he>+ me approa*1 :ile a light tap br\ght h] ?r\gh ! op5+ ) />tl+ promptness4 ,b n[1 evid5tly realiz+ t a return to h] duties ( incubation c\ld be made only at great risk1 %e det]m9$ "u no conditions to leave h] eggs4 ,9 va9 ,i rapp$ at h] door & %ook h] dwell+ to its f\ndations2 no bird appe>$1 & n believ+ x possible t "u ! circum/ances %e w\ld rema9 )9 ! /ub1 ,i felt t %e mu/ h left )\t my k1 & !re=e retir$ to await h] reappe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 #bh4 ,*ickadee at ne/ hole4 ,at ! end ( sev]al m9utes ! male1 ) food 9 8 bill1 advanc$ cauti\sly1 & cl++ to ! rim ( ! ne/ op5+1 hung !re a mom5t & dep>t$ m9us ! food4 ,?is 0 surpris+4 ,c\ld !re be "y 9 ! ne/8 or 0 ! bird1 9 imitation ( ! ,hornbill1 fe$+ 8 imprison$ mate8 ,i rapp$ aga91 & ?is "t1 p]haps tak5 unaw>es1 ! female answ]$ my "q by appe>+4 ,on ,june #c;d a family arriv$ 9 ! ,*ickadee villa1 & bo? birds 7 f\nd actively engag$ 9 adm9i/]+ to its wants4 ,z a return = ! inconv5i5ce to :i* !y _h be5 subject$1 a p]* 0 erect$ by way ( a /ep at _! door4 ,! female 0 appreciative & at once avail$ h]self ( ?is means ( ent]+ h] home4#bh ,! male1 h[ev]1 z be=e1 0 m w>y4 ,he _h brav$ ! cam]a to br+ food to 8 mate1 b 8 (fspr+ _h app>5tly n s /rong a claim ^u him4 ,he w\ld fly (f 9 se>* ( food & %ortly return ) a cat]pill>1 !n p]* quietly = sev]al m9utes a few y>ds f ! ne/1 :51 repell$ by ! cam]a & attract$ by ! food 9 8 bill1 he yield$ to temptation1 dev\r$ ! cat]pill>1 vigor\sly wip$ 8 bill1 at once />t$ to =age = m food1 & return$ ) x only to repeat 8 previ\s p]=mance4 ,occasionally he utt]$ a l[ :i/le1 address$ presumably to ! female1 & at times a *ickadee-dee-dee1 :i* ,i int]pret$ z a prote/ to me1 & bo? notes 7 also utt]$ by ! female4 ,! latt] took s k9dly to ! door/ep t x 0 det]m9$ to give h] a door1 & to ?is end a leaf 0 p9n$ ov] ! entrance to h] home 9 su* a mann] t x swung to & fro1 l ! lat* to a keyhole4 ,?is cle>ly did n meet ) h] approval1 & at fir/ %e seem$ puzzl$ to acc\nt = ! app>5t disappe>ance ( ! ne/ op5+4 ,b 9 less ?an a m9ute %e solv$ ! my/]y1 pu%$ ! leaf to "o side1 & disappe>$ )94 ,return+ to ! ne/ on ,june #ab?1 no?+ 0 to be se5 ( ei!r p>5t1 & ,i fe>$ t !y or _! (fspr+ _h fall5 victims to ! c\ntless dang]s :i* beset ne/+ birds & _! "y4 ,look+ ab\t = "s clew to _! fate1 ,i f\nd on ! gr\nd1 ne> ! ne/ /ub1 ! worn tail-fea!rs ( ! female bird4 ,! molt+ season _h n yet arriv$1 nor w\ld %e h %$ all ^! fea!rs at ! same mom5t4 ,!re c\ld !re=e be only "o int]pretation ( _! pres5ce4 ,"s foe--probably a ,%>p-%9n$ or ,coop]'s ,hawk1 s9ce ! pr$ace\s mammals = ! mo/ "p hunt at night1 :5 ! ,*ickadee w\ld be snugly sleep+ 9 h] ne/--_h made a da% & grasp$ h] by ! tail1 :i* %e _h sacrific$ 9 escap+4 ,a mom5t lat] ! !ory 0 support$ by ! appe>ance ( a subdu$-look+ ,*ickadee1 sans tail1 & ,i congratulat$ h] on h] =tunate ex*ange ( life = a memb] :i* ( late _h n be5 v decorative1 & ( :i*1 9 any ev5t1 ,nature w\ld h soon depriv$ h]4 ,! "y prov$ to be ne>ly ready to fly1 &1 c>efully remov+ ! front ( _! log cab91 a sight 0 disclos$ su* z mortal probably nev] beheld be=e & ,*ickadee b r>ely4 ,six black-&-:ite heads 7 rais$ & six yell[-l9$ m\?s op5$ 9 expressive appeal = food4 ,b ?is 0 n all2 !re 0 ano!r lay] ( ,*ickadees bel[--h[ _m x 0 impossible to say )\t dis5tangl+ a wad ( birds s compact t ! outl9es ( no "o bird c\ld be di/+ui%$4 ,a piazza1 z x 71 0 built at ! ,*ickadees' ?re%old 9 ! %ape ( a p]* ( prop] size1 & b5ea?1 z a life net1 0 spread a piece ( mosquito b>4 ,!n ,i proce$$ to individualize ! ball ( fea!rs2 "o1 two1 ?ree1 to sev5 7 c\nt$ )\t undue surprise1 b :5 an eigh? & n9? 7 add$1 ,i m>vel$ at ! en]gy :i* _h suppli$ s _m m\?s ) food1 & at ! same "t wond]$ h[ _m cat]pill>s _h be5 dev\r$ by ?is "o family ( birds4 ,n less rem>kable ?an ! numb] ( "y--& no book t ,i h consult$ records s l>ge a brood--0 _! condition4 ,n only did !y all appe> lu/y1 b !y seem$ to be ab\t equally develop$1 ! slight diff]5ce 9 /r5g? & size :i* exi/$ be+ easily attributable to a diff]5ce 9 age1 "s int]val d\btless hav+ elaps$ betwe5 ! hat*+ ( ! fir/ & la/ egg4 ,illu/ration3 #bi4 ,a ,*ickadee family4 ,?is fact w\ld h be5 ( int]e/ _h ! birds inhabit$ an op5 ne/1 or a ne/ l>ge en\gh = !m all to h _h an equal opportunity to receive food2 b :]e only two ?irds ( _! numb] c\ld be se5 f above at once1 & :]e a v little neglect w\ld h result$ fatally1 x seems rem>kable t "o or m1 fail+ to receive 8 %>e ( food1 _h n be5 weak5$ 9 consequ5ce & cru%$ to dea? by m =tunate memb]s ( ! brood4 ,nor 0 _! physical condition ! only surpris+ ?+ ab\t ! memb]s ( ?is ,*ickadee family3 ea* individual 0 z clean z ?\gh he _h be5 re>$ 9 a ne/ alone1 & an exam9ation ( ! ne/ %[$ t x w\ld h be5 pass$ z p]fect by ! mo/ scrupul\s sanit>y inspector4 ,x 0 compos$ ( firmly padd$ rabbit's fur1 &1 except = ! %ea?s worn (f ! gr[+ fea!rs ( ! "y birds1 0 absolutely clean4 ,lat]1 ,i obs]v$ t ! excreta ( ! "y 7 inclos$ 9 membran\s sacs1 :i* enabl$ ! p>5ts to readily remove !m f ! ne/4 ,illu/ration3 #cj4 ,a ,*ickadee family4 ,! la/ bird hav+ be5 plac$ 9 ! net1 ,i attempt$ to pose !m 9 a r[ on ! p]* be=e _! door4 ,! task rem9d$ me ( almo/ =gott5 ef=ts at build+ c>d h\ses1 :i*1 :5 ne>ly complet$1 w\ld be br\ght to ru9 by an ill-plac$ c>d4 ,h[ _m times ea* ,*ickadee tumbl$ or flutt]$ f 8 p]* ,i c n say4 ,! s(t1 ela/ic net1 spread b5ea? !m1 pres]v$ !m f injury1 & bird aft] bird 0 return$ to 8 place s little worse = 8 fall t he 0 q ready to try x aga94 ,f9ally1 eight birds 7 induc$ to take ! positions assign$ !m2 !n1 9 assi/+ ! n9? to 8 allott$ place1 ! balance ( a bird on ei!r side w\ld be di/urb$1 & d[n into ! net !y w\ld g4 ,^! difficulties1 h[ev]1 c\ld be ov]come1 b n s ! failure ( ! light at ! critical "t1 mak+ x necess>y to expose ) a wide op5 l5s at ! loss ( a dep? ( focus4 ,! picture pres5t$1 !re=e1 does n d ! subject ju/ice4 ,nor c x tell ( ! pleasure ) :i* ea* fl$gel+ = ! fir/ "t /ret*$ its w+s & legs to _! full ext5t1 & pre5$ its plumage ) be=e unkn[n fre$om4 ,at ! same "t !y utt]$ a satisfi$ little dee-dee-dee1 9 qua9t imitation ( _! eld]s4 ,:5 ,i :i/l$ _! well-kn[n phe-be note1 !y 7 at once on ! al]t1 & evid5tly expect$ to be f$4 ,! birds 7 )9 two or ?ree days ( leav+ ! ne/1 &1 ! sitt+ ov]1 ! problem came ( return+ ! flock to a cavity b>ely two in*es 9 diamet]1 ! bottom ( :i* 0 almo/ fill$ by "o bird4 ,i at once confess a failure to re/ore any?+ l ! condition 9 :i* !y 7 f\nd1 & :5 ! front ( _! dwell+ 0 replac$1 ,*ickadees 7 ov]fl[+ at ! door4 ,if _! heal?fulness _h n beli$ ! ?\ght1 ,i %\ld h suppos$ x impossible = !m to exi/ 9 su* close qu>t]s4 ,a few days lat] _! home 0 des]t$1 &1 z no o!r ,*ickadees 7 kn[n to ne/ 9 ! vic9ity1 ,i imag9e !m to compose a troop ( birds :i* is sometimes f\nd 9 ! neighborhood4 ,,! ,,lea/ ,,bitt]n ,,& ,,"s ,,o!r ,,re$ ,,inhabitants ,my exp]i5ce ) ! ,lea/ ,bitt]n leaves ! e]ie little creature a half-solv$ my/]y1 & ,i ?9k ( x less z a bird ?an z a survivor ( a =m] geological p]iod1 :5 birds /ill %[$ traits ( _! n di/ant reptilian ance/ors4 ,! ,bitt]n's home is 9 fre%-wat]1 cat-tail m>%es1 & he w&]s at w ?r\gh ! ?ickly set =e/ ( re$s )\t ( necessity putt+ foot to ! wat] bel[ or flapp+ w+ 9 ! air above4 ,8 peculi> mode ( progression con/itutes "o ( 8 *ief *>act]i/ics4 ,! re$s 9 :i* he lives g5]ally gr[ 9 sev]al feet ( wat]1 f> too deep1 !re=e1 to p]mit ( 8 wad+2 :ile 8 secretive disposition makes him av]se to appe>+ 9 ! op51 except aft] nightfall4 ,x is impossible to fly ?r\gh ! cat-tails1 & s ! bird walks & ev5 runs ?r\gh !m1 /epp+ f /em to /em ) surpris+ agility4 ,i _h he>d ( ?is habit1 b ! description convey$ z little idea ( ! bird's appe>ance z x is fe>$ ?is "o w1 & :5 = ! fir/ "t a ,lea/ ,bitt]n 0 se5 /rid+ (f ?r\gh ! re$s ab\t ?ree feet above ! wat]1 ! p]=mance 0 s entirely unlike any?+ ,i _h ev] se5 a bird d be=e1 ,i m>vel$ t 8 acrobatic p[]s _h n made him fam\s4 ,! fea!r$ gymna/'s sl5d] body--or p]haps "o %\ld say neck1 = ! bird is *iefly neck & head--seem$ to be m\nt$ on long /ilts1 ) ! aid ( :i* he wad$ rapidly ?r\gh ! wat]1 8 head %oot+ 9 & out at ea* /ride4 ,! ,lea/ ,bitt]n's notes appe> to be less kn[n ?an 8 habits4 ,nuttall1 t exceptionally ke5-e>$ bird /ud5t1 0 famili> ) !m1 b mo/ writ]s h re/rict$ !mselves to ! /atem5t t1 :5 flu%$1 ! bird utt]s a l[ qua1 :ile "s h ev5 said he 0 voiceless4 ,i %\ld n be 9 ! lea/ surpris$ to le>n t ?is uncanny inhabitant ( ! re$s _h a call fully z rem>kable z ! vocal p]=mance ( 8 l>ge relative1 ! ,am]ican ,bitt]n1 b ?us f> 9 my slight acqua9tance ) him he has be5 he>d to utt] only f\r notes3 ,a s(t1 l[ coo1 sl[ly repeat$ five or six times1 & :i* is probably ! love song ( ! male2 an explosive al>m note1 quoh2 a hiss+ hah1 ) :i* ! bird ?reat5s a di/urb] ( its ne/2 & a l[ tut-tut-tut1 app>5tly a prote/ aga9/ ! same k9d ( intrusion4 ,illu/ration3 #ca4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n's ne/+ site1 %[+ re$s b5t ov] ne/4 ,"o ( f\r eggs c be se54 ,x 0 ! m>k$ly dovelike coo :i* fir/ introduc$ me to ?is species4 ,) ,william ,brew/] ,i 0 at ! ,fre% ,pond m>%es1 li/5+ = ! repetition ( "s /range calls :i* _h excit$ ! curiosity ( ,cambridge orni?ologi/s1 & :i* prov$ to belong to a ,florida ,gall9ule1,b :5 we he>d ! s(t notes ( a ,lea/ ,bitt]n1 :o soon rose f ! m>% ne> by4 ,a few days lat] ! ,bitt]n 0 f\nd 9 full song--if ! coo be its song--9 ! m>%es ( ,presque ,isle 9 ,erie ,bay2 b x mu/ be confess$ t a desire to secure specim5s ( ?is1 to me1 /range bird left no opportunity to /udy its habits1 & ! species 0 n aga9 obs]v$ until ,june1 #ahih1 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,cayuga ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,"h1 "u ! guidance ( an obs]v+ local orni?ologi/1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,g4 ,tabor1 an enc\nt] 0 _h ) a ,lea/ ,bitt]n :i* made a unique page 9 my exp]i5ce z a bird /ud5t4 ,footnote ,b3 ,see ,brew/]1 ,auk1 vol4 viii1 #ahia1 p4 #a4 ,x 0 on ! bord] ( ,ott] ,lake1 :]e ! ,lea/ ,bitt]ns ne/ 9 small numb]s 9 l[ bu%es1 or a mass ( drift1 or m (t5 9 ! fr+e ( cat-tails4 ,! trail ( a boat ?r\gh ! re$s & empty ne/s1 :i* be=e _h held f ?ree to five eggs1 m>k$ ! ill-direct$ "w ( ! boy ologi/s ^: missp5t zeal has result$ 9 su* a va/ accumulation ( egg%ells & su* an abs5ce ( in=mation ab\t ! birds t laid !m4 ,a visit to a m di/ant "p ( ! lake1 :]e ev5 ?us e>ly 9 ! ye> ! cat-tails 7 five feet above wat] ( ov] half t dep?1 sav$ ! day1 z f> z ,lea/ ,bitt]ns 7 conc]n$4 ,paddl+ close to ! re$s1 a practic$ eye c\ld di/+ui% ! site ( a ,bitt]n's ne/1 :5 ! ne/ itself 0 invisible1 by ! b[$ tips ( ! re$s :i* ! bird inv>iably b5ds ov] x4#ca ,! object ( ?is habit is p]haps to aid 9 conceal+ ! eggs f an enemy pass+ ov]head--a ,cr[1 = example--an attack by boat evid5tly n be+ tak5 into consid]ation4 ,c]ta9ly our appe>ance 0 9 ! nature ( a surprise to a pair ( birds :o _h j complet$ _! plat=mlike ne/ & 7 app>5tly discuss+ future /eps 9 _! dome/ic affairs4 ,illu/ration3 #cb4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n's ne/2 re$s p>t$ to %[ eggs4 ,z we approa*$1 ! female1 :o ev5 be=e ! eggs are laid seems to h ! home love m /rongly develop$ ?an ! male1 bravely /uck to h] po/1 :ile ! male m>*$ (f ?r\gh ! re$s 9 ! mann] :i* has be5 describ$ z s rem>kable4 ,:5 he paus$1 ) ei!r foot grasp+ re$s sev]al in*es ap>t or clung to a s+le /alk ) bo? feet1 he resembl$ a gigantic1 tailless ,m>% ,wr54 ,illu/ration3 #cc4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n on ne/ mimick+ its surr\nd+s4 ,! actions ( ! female 7 int]e/+ 9 ! extreme4 ,h] fir/ move 0 an attempt at concealm5t ?r\gh protective mimicry--a r>e device among birds4 ,/ret*+ h] neck to ! utmo/1 %e po9t$ h] bill to ! z5i?1 ! br[ni% m>ks on ! fea!rs ( ! ?roat became l9es :i*1 sep>at$ by ! :ite spaces betwe5 !m1 might easily h pass$ = dri$ re$s1 & ! bird's /atuelike pose1 :5 almo/ )9 rea*1 ev9c$ h] belief 9 h] own invisibility4#cc1 #cd ,! pose recall$ ,hudson's exp]i5ce ) a w\nd$ ,lea/ ,bitt]n 7,ardetta involucris1 a ne> relative ( our bird7 9 ! m>%es ( ,la ,plata1 :]e a bird at 8 feet1 9 ! same position z ! "o be=e me1 0 discov]$ only aft] c>eful se>*1 & :i*1 to ! naturali/'s amazem5t1 sl[ly revolv$ z he walk$ ar\nd x1 ) ! presumable object ( keep+ its protectively color$ brea/ turn$ t[>d him4 ,illu/ration3 #cd4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n on ne/ mimick+ its surr\nd+s4 ,my bird1 h[ev]1 0 among fre% re$s1 & :ile "o c n d\bt ! effectiv5ess ( its attitude & color1 :5 se5 among dead re$s or grasses1 nei!r 7 ( value among its gre5 surr\nd+s4 ,) ! light on ! wrong side & ! re$s sway+ viol5tly 9 ! w9d1 we essay$ to picture ! bird1 & ! be/ ( sev]al attempts made "u ^! adv]se conditions are "h giv54 ,cov]+ my h& ) my cap ,i held x t[>d h]1 :51 conv9c$ t h] little trick _h fail$1 %e adopt$ new tactics1 & /ruck at me ) =ce & rapidity1 :i* made me ?ankful t my h& 0 protect$4 ,h] bright yell[ eyes gl>$ ) ! int5sity ( a snake's1 & h] reptilelike appe>ance 0 increas$ by ! l5g? & sl5d]ness ( h] head & neck4 ,h] c\rage 0 admirable2 %e n only display$ no fe>1 b 0 actually aggressive1 & ) a hiss+ hah /ruck vici\sly at my h& ea* "t x 0 plac$ ne> ! ne/4 ,z ,i quickly retreat$ on ea* occasion1 & at l5g? made no fur!r move t[>d h]1 %e decid$ to )draw1 p]haps to jo9 h] cauti\s mate1 :o f ! re$s _h be5 utt]+ a w>n+ tut-tut-tut at int]vals4 ,v sl[ly & wat*fully %e left ! ne/1 & :5 %e _h advanc$ a few feet ?r\gh ! re$s ,i aga9 v5tur$ to t\* h] plat=m home1 putt+ my h&1 h[ev]1 "u x2 b ! motion in/antly attract$ h] att5tion1 &1 d>t+ back to h] po/1 %e 0 on gu>d 9 a mom5t4 ,!n ,i left h]1 retir+ f ! field fairly vanqui%$ 9 my fir/ h&-to-bill enc\nt] ) a wild bird4 ,i hope %e laid a full complem5t ( five eggs & f !m re>$ five birds wor?y repres5tatives ( _! "m4 ,a desire to r5ew my acqua9tance )--or p]haps ,i %\ld say advances t[>d--?is unbirdlike fea!r$ bip$1 & to meet x "u conditions m favorable = ! cam]a hunt]1 br\ght me ! foll[+ ye> 7,june #ag1 #ahii71 to ! ,montezuma m>%es at ! head ( ,cayuga ,lake4 ,"h are endless =e/s ( cat-tails 9 :i* dwell n only ,bitt]ns1 ,long-bill$ ,m>% ,wr5s1 & ,r$-w+$ ,blackbirds1 b also numb]s ( ,pi$-bill$ ,grebes & ,florida ,gall9ules4 ,!re is a my/]y ab\t a m>% ak9 to t :i* impresses "o 9 a primeval =e/4 ,! possibilities ( bo? seem limitless4 ,"o he>s s mu* & sees s little4 ,birds call+ f a di/ance ( only a few y>ds may rema9 long unid5tifi$4 ,a ru/l+ 9 ! re$s ar\ses vague expectations4 ,! notes ( m>%-inhabit+ birds are 9 keep+ ) ! "* ( _! haunts4 ,!y are di/9ctly wild & /range1 & (t5 ?rill+4 ,! ,rails1 = example1 all h s+ul>1 l\d1 />tl+ calls4 ,! ,am]ican ,bitt]n is a fam\s m>% song/]1 b al?\gh sev]al ( 8 common names are bas$ on 8 calls1 x is only rec5tly t he has actually be5 se5 utt]+ !m4 ,! ,gall9ule resembles ! h5 9 ! "*1 volume1 & v>iety ( its notes1 & to x & n ! ,clapp] ,rail %\ld be giv5 ! "n 8,m>% ,h540 ,inde$1 its ,european relative1 f :i* x c sc>cely be di/+ui%$1 is kn[n z ! ,moor ,h5 or ,wat] ,h54 ,b ( all ?is m>% music none to my e> is m s+ul> ?an ! call ( ! ,pi$-bill$ ,grebe4 ,x is m5tion$ 9 few books1 & has won ! bird no su* fame z ! ,loon's maniacal laught] has br\ght him1 ?\gh z a vocali/ ! ,grebe fairly rivals 8 l>ge c\s94 ,l mo/ bird calls x is indescribable1 b p]haps suffici5t idea ( its "* may be giv5 to lead to its id5tification :5 he>d4 ,x is v l\d & sonor\s1 ) a cuckoolike quality1 & may be writt5 c[-c[-c[-c[-c[-c[-c[-c[-c[-uh1 c[-uh1 c[-uh1 c[-uh4 ,^! notes v>y 9 numb]1 & are sometimes foll[$ by prolong$ wail+ c[s or ohs almo/ human 9 _! expressiv5ess ( pa91 fe>1 & angui%4 ,?is is ! love song ( ! male1 & :5 he has won a mate %e jo9s him 9 s++1 utt]+1 z he calls1 a rapid cuk-cuk-cuk1 foll[$ by a sl[] ugh1 ugh1 ugh1 ugh4 ,! ,gall9ules 7 cackl+ 9 ! re$s1 :]e a ne/ ) ?ree hat*+ eggs 0 f\nd1 b n a bird 0 se54 ,r$-w+$ ,blackbirds 7 *att]+ ) excitem5t z !y guid$ ! fir/ w+ /rokes ( _! "y1 :o p]*$ on ! re$s begg$ eloqu5tly = food r ?an = lessons 9 fly+4#ce ,illu/ration3 #ce4 ,"y ,r$-w+$ ,blackbirds4 ,9 a small isl& ( cat-tails a pair ( ,grebes 0 call+1 & aft] ! mo/ c>eful /alk+ my companion saw ! female respond to ! voice ( h] mate4 ,x 0 9 ?is isl&--if a pat* ( cat-tails gr[+ 9 ?ree feet ( wat] c be call$ an isl&--t we f\nd ! fir/ two ( num]\s ,lea/ ,bitt]ns' ne/s1 & "h our cam]a /udies 7 made4 ,^! ne/s 7 typical 9 =m & site2 "o conta9$ five & ! o!r f\r#cb eggs1 f :i* ! birds _h app>5tly dep>t$ z we pu%$ our boat t[>d !m4 ,less ?an tw5ty m9utes lat] we aga9 pass$ ^! ne/s & f\nd1 to our surprise1 t 9 "o all f\r1 & 9 ! o!r two eggs _h be5 punctur$1 z if by an awl4 ,"h 0 a my/]y :i* my companion1 :o 0 exam9+ ! second ne/ :ile ,i 0 /udy+ ! fir/1 quickly solv$ by see+ a ,long-bill$ ,m>% ,wr5 actually make an attack on ! rema9+ ?ree eggs1 & a little lat] a bird ( ! same species--p]haps ! same individual1 s9ce ! ,bitt]ns' ne/s 7 n m ?an tw5ty y>ds ap>t--visit$ ! fir/ ne/ to complete its "w on ! five already ru9$ eggs4 ,our attempt to photograph ! en]getic little m>aud] fail$1 nor did we succe$ 9 le>n+ ! real cause ( its rem>kable de/ructiv5ess4 ,h[ev]1 ! fact t 9 "o ne/ alone x drove its ne$lelike bill into all five eggs )\t paus+ to fea/ on _! cont5ts1 w\ld imply t x 0 n prompt$ by hung]1 &1 mu* aga9/ our w1 we 7 =c$ to attribute ! bird's actions to pure vici\sness2 ?\gh1 x is true1 !re may h be5 ano!r side to ! /ory1 9 :i* ! ,bitt]n 0 ! culprit4 ,! own]s ( ! f\r eggs did n return :ile we 7 pres5t1 & ! foll[+ day we f\nd _! ne/ empty--a mute prote/ aga9/ fate4 ,illu/ration3 #cf4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n eat+ h] eggs4 ,! female ( ! second ne/ discov]$1 9 :i* only two ( ! five eggs _h be5 injur$1 prov$ to be a bird ( "*4 ,illu/ration3 #cg4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n on ne/4 ,:ile we wait$ 9 our boats at a di/ance ( fifte5 feet1 & ) cam]as erect$ on tripods at a ?ird ( ! di/ance1 %e came walk+ ?r\gh ! re$s utt]+ occasionally an explosive quoh6 ,aft] circl+ ab\t u sev]al times %e climb$ to h] ne/1 & at once proce$$ to inve/igate ! condition ( its cont5ts4 ,soon %e gave evid5ce ( ! possession ( bo? a philosophic & economic disposition1 n to m5tion o!r h\sewifely qualities1 notably cleanl9ess4 ,philosophy %e exhibit$ by mak+ ! be/ ( ?+s z %e f\nd !m2 economy by c>efully eat+#cf ! two brok5 eggs1 :i* a m ?\ghtless bird w\ld h des]t$ or quickly disc>d$2 & cleanl9ess by c>efully dropp+ ov] ! edge ( ! ne/ ! %ells rema9+ f h] peculi> fea/1 & foll[+ !m by bits ( ne/ l9+ :i* _h be5 soil$ by portions ( ! egg4 ,?is task accompli%$ to h] satisfaction1 %e gave fur!r evid5ce ( ! possession ( a well-ord]$ m9d by desc5d+ to ! wat]1 wa%+ h] bill1 dr9k+1 & !n return+ to h] rema9+ ?ree eggs1 on :i* %e settl$ h]self#cg z complac5tly z ?\gh %e _h met ) no loss1 & !re we left h] 9 well-des]v$ privacy4 ,,two ,,h]ons ,9 ?is age ( dea? & de/ruction to all liv+ creatures1 :i*1 because ( _! size or edible qualities1 ! s-call$ sportsman is pr\d to exhibit z evid5ce ( 8 skill afield1 x is rem>kable t !re %\ld exi/ )9 tw5ty odd miles ( ,new ,york's ,city ,hall a colony ( ,h]ons :i* w\ld d cr$it to ! mo/ remote swamp ( ,florida4 ,?ree factors h comb9$ to r5d] ?is rook]y possible3 fir/1 its isolation2 second1 ! habits ( its occupants2 & ?ird1 ! protection :i* is af=d$ x by ! own] ( ! l& on :i* x is situat$4 ,( ^!1 ! fir/ is by f> ! mo/ important1 & ,i may be p>don$1 !re=e1 if ,i d n betray ! birds' secret2 =1 mu* z ,i desire to enc\rage ,am]ican indu/ries1 ,i mu/ on ?is occasion )hold in=mation ( und\bt$ value to ! fea!r trade4 ,! birds' habits contribute t[>d _! pres]vation1 because !y are l>gely nocturnal1 8,night0 be+ ! specific "n appli$ by ! text-books to ?is p>ticul> k9d ( ,h]on2 b to ^? :o "k him 9 nature1 he is g5]ally spok5 ( z 8,quawk10 ?is be+ an excell5t r5d]+ ( 8 common call4 ,! ,night ,h]on or ,quawk belongs among ! birds = :om ! sett+ sun m>ks ! beg9n+ ( a new day--a fact :i* protects him f man & p]mits 8 exi/5ce 9 numb]s :]e o!rs ( 8 family are r>ely se54 ,d\btless _m ( ! resid5ts ( ,h]onville "k _! fea!r$ neighbors only z a voice f ! night1 :i* comes to !m :5 ! birds1 9 pass+ ov]1 utt] _! l\d & />tl+ call4 ,f9ally1 to ! protect+ influ5ces ( a love = seclusion & d>kness mu/ be add$ ! unusual position assum$ by ! proprietor ( ! l&1 :o w n p]mit any "o to kill ! birds1 &1 /rang] /ill1 does n kill !m himself6 ,?us x happ5s t any day 9 ,may or ,june1 ! mon?s dur+ :i* ! ,h]ons are at home1 "o may leave ! cr[d$ /reets ( ,new ,york & )9 an h\r or s ent] an equally cr[d$ b q diff]5t k9d ( t[n4 ,if aft] leav+ ! tra9 y secure ! same guide x 0 my good =tune to h1 y\r way w lead ov] %ad$ roads1 pleasant fields1 & quiet woodl& pa?s1 &1 if ! sun is well up 9 ! trees1 y may ent] ! outskirts ( ! rook]y & be :olly unaw>e1 unless y approa* f ! leew>d1 t betwe5 two & ?ree ?\s& ,h]ons are )9 a few hundr$ y>ds ( y4 ,"o may ga9 a f> bett] idea ( ,h]on life1 h[ev]1 by visit+ ! rook]y :ile ! foliage is /ill gli/5+ ) dew4 ,!n1 f a di/ance1 a *orus ( croaks may be he>d f ! "y birds z !y receive :at1 9 effect1 is _! supp]4 ,old birds are /ill return+ f fi%+ trips1 & ! froglike monotone ( ! "y is brok5 by ! sudd5 quawks ( _! p>5ts4 ,! rook]y is 9 a l[ "p ( ! woods :i* evid5tly is flood$ e>ly 9 ! ye>1 a fact :i* may h influ5c$ ! ,h]ons 9 _! selection ( ! locality z a ne/+ site4 ,at ! "t ( our visit ! swamp maples1 9 :i* ! ne/s are plac$1 7 d5sely und]gr[n ) f]ns1 & z we approa*$ ! :it5$ vegetation1 :i* cle>ly m>k$ ! limits ( ! rook]y1 a numb] ( ,h]ons ) squawks ( al>m left ! vic9ity ( _! ne/s1 & soon ! rook]y 0 9 an upro>4 ,! common quawk note 0 (t5 he>d1 b _m ( ! calls 7 di/9ctly gall9e 9 "* & convey$ ! impression t we _h invad$ a h5roo/4 ,! trees 9 :i* ! ne/s 7 plac$ are v tall & sl5d]1 m]e poles "s ( !m1 ) a s+le ne/ :]e ! bran*es =k2 :ile ^? m heavily limb$ _h f\r1 five1#ch & ev5 six ( ! plat=ms ( /icks1 :i* ) ,h]ons s]ve z ne/s1 b 9 only a s+le in/ance 0 "o ne/ plac$ directly bel[ ano!r4 ,a cons]vative c\nt yield$ a total ( five hundr$ & tw5ty-five ne/s1 all )9 a circle ab\t "o hundr$ y>ds 9 diamet]1 ne>ly e suitable tree hold+ "o or m1 ! l[e/ be+ ab\t ?irty feet f ! gr\nd1 ! highe/ at lea/ eighty feet above x4 ,:ile ! limy deposits & p>tially dige/$ fi% dropp$ by ! birds seem$ n to affect ! gr[? ( ! l[] vegetation1 x _h a m>k$ influ5ce on c]ta9 ( ! swamp maples1 ! developm5t ( ! trees :i* held a numb] ( ne/s be+ s ret>d$ t1 al?\gh x 0 ,june #ac?1 !y 7 z yet only 9 blossom4#ch ,! comp>ative abs5ce ( foliage p]mitt$ "o to h a f> bett] view ( :at 0 go+ on above ?an if ! trees _h be5 ?ickly leav$1 & on ent]+ ! rook]y our att5tion 0 at once attract$ by ! ne>ly gr[n ,h]ons1 :o1 old en\gh to leave ! ne/1 _h climb$ out on ! adjo9+ limbs4 ,!re1 silh\ett$ aga9/ ! sky1 !y cr\*$ 9 family gr\ps ( two1 ?ree1 & f\r4#ci ,illu/ration3 #ch4 ,five ,h]ons' ne/s 9 swamp maple1 at an av]age height ( sev5ty feet4 ,! upp] "r-h& ne/ ) "y %[n 9 ,nos4 #da & #db4 ,illu/ration3 #ci4 ,a view 9 ! ,h]on rook]y1 look+ upw>d f ! gr\nd to ne/s & "y1 ab\t eighty feet above4 ,o!r broods1 inhabitants ( m ?ickly leav$ trees1 made kn[n _! pres5ce above by disgorg+ a half-dige/$ eel1 :i* dropp$ ) a ?ud at our feet & occasionally ne>]1 sugge/+ ! advisability ( c>ry+ an umbrella4 ,! vegetation b5ea? ! well-populat$ trees 0 z :ite z ?\gh x _h be5 lib]ally daub$ ) :itewa%1 & ! gr\nd 0 /rewn ) blue-gre5 egg%ells neatly brok5 9 two across ! middle2 fi%1 pr9cipally eels1 9 v>i\s /ages ( dige/ion & decay2 & ! bodies ( "y birds :o _h met ) an untimely dea? by fall+ f above4 ,x 0 n altoge!r a savory place6 ,illu/ration3 #dj4 ,black-cr[n$ ,night ,h]ons fe$+4 ,telephoto1 #b at a di/ance ( ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,seat+ ourselves at ! base ( an unoccupi$ tree1 we _h n long to wait be=e ! normal life ( ! rook]y 0 resum$4 ,! "y1 :o :ile we 7 obs]v$ _h be5 sil5t1 n[ began to utt] a s+ul>1 froglike kik-kik-kik 9 *orus1 & ! old birds "o by "o return$4 ,:5 food 0 br\ght an increas$ outcry 0 he>d f ! expectant y\ng/]s ab\t to be f$4 ,at int]vals a res\nd+ ?ump ann\nc$ ! fall ( "s too eag] bird1 b1 9 ! cases :i* we inve/igat$1 ! ,h]on1 if fairly well gr[n1 seem$ to be little ! worse = 8 tumble ( f fifty to sev5ty feet1 & ) l[]$ head ran ?r\gh ! und]gr[? ) surpris+ quickness4 ,) ^? :i* 7 y\ng]1 h[ev]1 ! mortality _h evid5tly be5 great1 &1 see+ ! doz5s ( dead birds on ! gr\nd b5ea? ! ne/ trees f :i* !y _h fall51 "o que/ion$ :e!r ?is habit ( ne/+ high 9 trees _h n1 = protective reasons1 be5 rec5tly acquir$ by a species ! "y ( :i* w\ld seem mu* m at home ne>] ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 #da4 ,"y ,night ,h]ons 9 ne/4 ,same z ,no4 #db4 ,x 0 ) a delightful s5se ( companion%ip ) ! birds t ,i obs]v$ !m go+ & com+1 fe$+ _! "y1 or re/+ aft] ! night's labors1 :olly undi/urb$ by my pres5ce4 ,almo/ ,i seem$ to be a gue/ ( ! rook]y1 & ,i long$ = p[] to int]pret ! notes & actions ( ! birds s abundant ab\t me4 ,illu/ration3 #db4 ,"y ,night ,h]ons leav+ ne/4 ,ne/+ tree %[n 9 ,no4 #ch4 ,s ,i %\ld l to h pass$ ! day ) !m1 becom+ = ! "t be+ a ,h]on myself2 b ! desire to picture ! birds 0 /rong] ?an ! wi% to be a ,h]on1 & ! situation 0 consid]$ f ! /&po9t ( ! bird photograph]4 ,! rook]y prov$ to be a difficult subject4 ,no s+le view w\ld convey an adequate idea ( its appe>ance1 & ,i !re=e select$ repres5tative tree tops & photograph$ _! ne/s & "y birds4 ,a visit to a neighbor+ pond result$ 9 secur+1 ) ! aid ( a telephoto1 a picture#dj ( two adult birds fe$+ well out ( gun%ot1 & ) ! assi/ance ( climb]s ,i rea*$ ! upp] bran*es ( a tree "s sev5ty feet 9 height conta9+ five ne/s ^: cont5ts rang$ f eggs to ne>ly gr[n "y4 ,) ! ball-&-socket clamp ! cam]a 0 fa/5$ to favor+ limbs1 & aft] ?ree h\rs' "w sev]al satisfactory pictures ( "y 9 ! ne/ & on ! adjo9+ bran*es 7 secur$4#da-dc ,al?\gh well able to def5d !mselves1 ! "y assum$ no su* ?reat5+ attitudes z ! ,am]ican ,bitt]n /rikes :5 al>m$1 f :i* p]haps we may argue t !y are happily ignorant ( ! dang]s :i* beset _! gr\nd-ne/+ relative4 ,illu/ration3 #dc4 ,"y ,night ,h]ons on bran*es ne> ne/1 sev5ty feet f ! gr\nd4 ,z ! sun crept upw>d & ! la/ fi%]s return$1 ! calls ( bo? old & "y birds 7 he>d less & less (t51 & by t5 o'clock night _h fall5 on ! rook]y & ! birds 7 all re/+ quietly4 ,f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon 0 evid5tly e>ly morn+1 & at ?is h\r ! birds fir/ began to leave ! rook]y = _! fi%+ gr\nds4 ,"s w5t t[>d ! nor?1 o!rs to ! s\?1 ea/ or we/2 ea* bird no d\bt hav+ cle>ly 9 m9d "s favorite %ore1 p]haps a doz5 miles away1 :]e he be=e _h _h good luck a-fi%+2 & ( all ! v>i$ phases ( rook]y life ! ?\ght ( ?is regul> nightly exp$ition ( hundr$s ( w+$ fi%]s1 is to me ! mo/ attractive4 ,our l>ge/ ,h]on z well z our l>ge/ bird is ! ,great ,blue4 8,crane0 he is popul>ly call$2 b1 aside f o!r diff]5ces1 ! bird's habit ( fold+ its neck back on its %\ld]s1 :5 on ! w+1 w di/+ui% x f true ,cranes1 :o fly ) neck ext5d$ to ! utmo/4 ,! ,great ,blue ,h]on is n edible1 b its size makes x a desirable prize to mo/ gunn]s & x is consid]$ an especially fit m>k = a rifle4 ,! temptation is /rong to condemn z an outlaw ! man :o kills "o ( ^! noble birds = :at he t]ms sport1 or p]haps = ! purpose ( :at he w\ld call hav+ x 8set up40 ,he1 h[ev]1 is act+ accord+ to 8 light1 :i* is q z bright z t :i* %9es = mo/ ( 8 neighbors4 ,! ,h]on is exce$+ly wild1 & its capture is eloqu5t evid5ce ( ! hunt]'s pr[ess1 :ile 8 desire to h its /uff$ sk9 adorn 8 home is1 f 8 po9t ( view1 positively comm5dable4 ,t ! bird is inf9itely m valuable alive ?an dead1 t its pres5ce adds an elem5t to ! l&scape m pleas+ to "s ?an c\ld be imp>t$ by any "w ( man1 & t 9 depriv+ o!rs ( ! privilege ( obs]v+ its s+ul>ly /ately grace ( pose & motion he is selfi% beyond expression1 does n ev5 vaguely occur to ?is s-call$ 8sportsman10 :o belongs 9 ! class to :om a maje/ic cliff is a qu>ry1 a noble tree1 lumb]4 ,until he has be5 educat$ to prop]ly value ! beauties ( ,nature1 or at lea/ realize ! rights ( o!rs 9 !m1 he mu/ be re/ra9$ by law1 to ! =ce ( :i* ev5 he is n bl9d4 ,only ! ,great ,blue ,h]on's extreme w>9ess & habit ( frequ5t+ %ores & m>%es :]e x c comm& an ext5d$ view ( its surr\nd+s has pres]v$ x f ext9ction2 b :5 ne/+ x is compell$ to visit woodl&s :]e its human enemies h bett] opportunities to approa* x1 & its only *ance = safety dur+ ! bre$+ season is to select a retreat remote f ! home ( man4 ,= ?is reason ,great ,blue ,h]on rook]ies are exce$+ly uncommon 9 m settl$ p>ts ( ! bird's range1 & nor? ( ,florida ,i h se5 _! ne/s 9 only "o locality4 ,x 0 ! week aft] my visit to ! ,night ,h]ons t1 9 nor!rn ,cayuga ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 ,i 0 l$ by a local orni?ologi/ ?r\gh "o ( ! heavie/ pieces ( timb] ,i h ev] se5 nor? ( a primeval tropical =e/1 9 se>* ( a ,great ,blue ,h]on rook]y :i* he knew to exi/1 & only my confid5ce 9 8 woodsman%ip gave me c\rage to foll[ him ov] fall5 trees & ?r\gh ! season's d5se und]gr[?1 f :i* our passage rais$ su* a ho/ ( mosquitoes t e /ep 0 a battle4 ,if ! vici\s little insects _h liv$ only to protect ! ,h]ons1 !y c\ld n h disput$ our progress m valiantly1 & on rea*+ ! birds' /ronghold1 :]e ! comp>ative abs5ce ( und]gr[? depriv$ our w+$ foes ( %elt]1 ,i congratulat$ myself on :at1 = ! mom5t1 seem$ to be no insignificant feat4 ,! elev5 ne/s :i* my guide _h se5 on a previ\s occasion 7 f\nd occupy+ _! =m] positions1 at lea/ "o hundr$ feet f ! gr\nd 9 dead trees1 "o ( :i* held five ( ! elev54 ,dur+ ! _m ye>s :i* ! birds h ne/$ 9 ! place _! numb] has n v>i$1 & "o wond]s :at becomes ( ! f ?irty to =ty "y :o d\btless ea* ye> leave ! p>5tal trees4 ,no o!r ,h]ons ( ?is species are kn[n to ne/ 9 ! vic9ity1 & x is n probable t ! prog5y ( ea* ye> w\ld seek a ne/+ site 9 "s f> di/ant rook]y2 consequ5tly1 z an alt]native explanation1 we c only suppose t ! ye>ly product ( ! rook]y balances its losses by dea?4 ,! "y birds 7 n[ ne>ly half gr[n1 b1 unlike ! ,night ,h]ons1 !y did n v5ture outside _! ne/s1 f :i* !y utt]$ h>% croaks 9 evid5t supplication to _! p>5ts = food4 ,! sight ( ! trees 9 :i* ! ne/s 7 plac$ effectually controll$ :atev] ambitions ,i _h ent]ta9$ t[>d cam]a /udies at %ort range1 & ,i cont5t$ myself by mak+ telephotos f ! gr\nd1 9 "o ( :i* an adult bird & two ne/s1 ea* ) a "y bird appe>+ above its edge1 may be se54#dd ,"t 0 lack+ 9 :i* to obs]ve ^! birds1 & ! value ( my visit to _! retreat is n to be express$ 9 words4 ,! wildness ( _! home seem$ 9 p]fect accord ) _! nature1 & _! app>5t safety f intrusion br\ght a s5se ( satisfaction :i* colors my memory ( ! :ole exp]i5ce4 ,illu/ration3 #dd4 ,look+ upw>d f gr\nd to ne/s & "y & adult bird ( ,great ,blue ,h]on at a height ( ov] "o hundr$ feet4 ,telephoto4 ,,:]e ,,swall[s ,,roo/ ,contribut+ little to ! mat]ial weal? ( ! nation1 ! ,hack5sack m>%es ( nor!rn ,new ,j]sey are usually reg>d$ z 8wa/e l&40 ,by ! f>m] !y are t]m$ 8salt m$d]s10 & _! wav+ grasses are ( value to him only z 8b$d+0 = cattle4 ,9 w9t] ! muskrat hunt] reaps a h>ve/ ( pelts !re4 ,! d[n ( ! 8cat-tails0 is ga!r$ = cu%ion /uff+1 & ! blad$ leaves = *air bottoms4 ,to ! gunn] !y are ! resort ( ,ducks1 ,snipe1 ,rail1 & ,re$birds1 :i* ea* ye> visit !m 9 decreas+ numb]s2 :ile to ! ?\s&s :o daily pass !m on ! encircl+ railroads !y are b>r5 & un9t]e/+4 ,b if beauty is a suffici5t cause = be+1 !n ^! m>%es may claim a "r to exi/5ce4 ,9 preglacial times ?is region 0 probably =e/$1 b n[ ! =e/ is buri$ b5ea? ! drift ( ! glaci] :i* deposit$ fragm5ts ( ,palisade & ,orange ,m\nta9 trap rock on ,/at5 ,isl&4 ,dur+ ! depression ( ! l& :i* occurr$ z ! ice gradually rec$$1 ! wat]s ( ! sea d\btless pass$ up "h & ! mead[ 0 a l>g] 8,new>k ,bay40 ,!n comm5c$ _! sl[ fill+ up by ! silt br\ght d[n by ! ,hack5sack ,riv]4 ,! riv] has pres]v$ a "r ( way1 b ! bay has giv5 place to a sea ( re$s & grasses4 ,illu/ration3 #de4 ,hack5sack m>%es 9 ,augu/4 ,on a bright ,augu/ morn+ ,i m\nt a spur ( trap rock :i* rea*es out f ! we/]n base ( ! ,palisades1 & f ?is elevation h an un9t]rupt$ view ov] ! mead[s4 ,! cool1 invigorat+ air =etells ! approa* ( autumn2 x is brilliantly cle>4 ,! ,orange hills /& out ) ! di/9ctness ( ,we/]n m\nta9s4 ,! sun is at my back1 & ! light %[s ! mead[s to ! be/ advantage4 ,at ?is di/ance ,i get ! effect ( only ! masses ( color2 tracts ( yell[i% gre5 mead[ grass t+$ ) copp]1 & 9 places ?ickly spr9kl$ ) ! :ite fl[]s ( ! wat] hemlock & wat] p>snip2 /reaks ( light gre5 wild rice1 & %>ply def9$ areas ( d>k gre5 cat-tail flags4 ,! grass gr[s on ! dri] l&1 ! wild rice 9 ! small sl\ghs & creeks :i* are bord]$ by ! flags4 ,9 ! spr+ ! w9d bl[s ! poll5 f ! cat-tail blossoms1 & a %ift+ gre5i% vapor floats ov] ! m>%2 9 ! autumn a heavy we/]ly w9d raises ! se$-be>+ d[n high 9 ! air1 c>ries x ov] ! ,palisades1 across ! ,hudson1 & x desc5ds l a fall ( fleecy sn[ on wond]+ ,new ,york4 ,! m>% is a va/ ar5a inclos$ by ! ,palisades & ,passaic hills2 x is a great pla91 ) blue /ret*es ( ! w9d+ riv] appe>+ "h & !re1 & ! hay/acks are ! huts ( aborig9es4 ,i half close my eyes1 & x is a copp]-yell[ sea4 ,! grasses roll 9 undulat+ waves1 capp$ by a :ite cre/ ( p>snip & hemlock blossoms2 ! d>k irregul> pat*es ( flags are ! %ad[s ( cl\ds1 ! light /reaks ( wild rice are %oals1 a hov]+ ,m>% ,hawk is a ,gull4 ,a /ately :ite-w+$ s*oon]#de comes up ! riv]2 h] hull is hidd5 by ! mead[ grasses2 %e is sail+ ?r\gh ! sea ( my fancy4 ,?is is an impressioni/'s view ( ! mead[s4 ,n[ let u leave our rocky look\t & exam9e !m m 9 detail4 ,! mead[ we are leav+ is a mead[ ( all summ]2 ! "o we are approa*+ is a mead[ clad 9 all ! glory ( its ,augu/ fl[]s4 ,"o might ?9k ,nature 0 hold+ a fl[] %[ "h1 s gorge\s is ! display4 ,! railway track at ! edge ( ! m>% is app>5tly an endless aisle bord]$ by a ri* exhibit ( fl[]s4 ,clu/]s ( ?or\ghwort & purple loose-/rife gr[ s abundantly !y give color to ! =egr\nd1 ?r\gh :i* wild sunfl[]s make /reaks ( gold4 ,!re are solid b$s ( purple a/]s on ! dri] l&1 & delicate sn[-:ite saggit>ias 9 ! sl\ghs4 ,jewel fl[]s sp>kle ?r\gh ! flags1 & convolvulus hangs f ! re$s1 its own foliage sc>ce %[+1 or1 gr[+ ) ! fragrant climb+ hempwe$1 x =ms banks ( d5se vegetation4 ,! sc>let lobelia d>ts upw>d l a tongue ( flame1 />tl+ 9 its int5se brilliancy4 ,!re are burnet1 v]va91 g]>dia1 & runn+ gr\ndnut4 ,b x is ! m>%#df mall[ :i*1 m ?an any o!r fl[]1 gives beauty to ! mead[4 ,x gr[s "h ) wa/eful luxuriance1 & ! d>k masses ( flags s]ve z a frame = ?is floral picture4 ,out 9 ! m>% x gr[s 9 equal pr(usion2 ! mead[ is hung ) small p9k lant]ns1 z if = a fte4 ,a s+le fl[] ( ! m>% mall[ comm&s ! att5tion ( ! mo/ unobs]vant1 & :5 gr[+ 9 abundance x excites en?usia/ic admiration4 ,illu/ration3 #df4 ,m>% mall[s4 ,nor is ! animal life ( ! m>% less int]e/+ ?an its flora4 ,mead[ mice ne/ b5ea? ! haycocks4 ,7 x n = ! m9ks & ,hawks :i* prey on !m1 !y might become a sc\rge ?r\gh\t ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,muskrats are liv+ 9 peaceful security 9 _! snug summ] homes1 holl[$ f ! banks ( ! /reams4 ,!y are ! true villag]s "h1 & pass ! w9t] 9 icy huts1 l ,eskimos4 ,out 9 ! grasses ,%ort-e>$ ,owls are hid+4 ,_! day beg9s :5 ! sun disappe>s beh9d ! ,orange hills2 !n "o may he> ! 8quawk0 ( ! ,night ,h]on4 ,r$-w+$ ,blackbirds ne/ "h1 & 9 ! autumn !y ga!r 9 great flocks & fe$ on ! wild rice4 ,illu/ration3 #dg4 ,wild rice4 ,long-bill$ ,m>% ,wr5s--small1 n]v\s1 excitable bits ( fea!r$ life--are abundant 9 ! flags1 & to !m !y atta* _! l>ge wov5 ne/s4 ,except = a h>%1 scold+ note !y are sil5t n[1 b e>li] 9 ! ye> ! m>% is musical ) _! rippl+ songs4 ,! f]vor ( ! love season ov]comes _! fondness = ! d>k recesses ( ! flags1 &1 s++1 !y rise into ! air z if driv5 upw>d by ! m9e ( melody :i* explodes )9 !m4 ,swamp ,sp>r[s are common1 & _! cle> trill is "o ( ! few ,augu/ songs4 ,bobol9ks1 travel+ 9 disguise & "u ! assum$ "n ( 8,re$bird10 pause "h to fe$ on ! rip5+ wild rice4#dg ,"s ( !m h n yet complet$ _! *ange ( co/ume & appe> 9 a spott$ suit ( black & yell[4 ,occasionally "o he>s a suppress$ bur/ ( ! 8mad music0 ( ,june1 b _! common note is a metallic *9k4 ,at night ?is note is he>d f high 9 ! air1 z ! birds cont9ue _! j\rney to ! cultivat$ rice fields ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 !re to rema9 until ,septemb] or ,octob]1 :5 !y leave = _! w9t] home s\? ( ! ,amazon4 ,! ,sora ,rails1 belov$ ( sportsm5 & epicures1 are also attract$ to ! m>%es by ! wild rice4 ,on _! arrival 9 e>ly ,augu/ !y are inde$ 8z ?9 z a rail10 b an abundance ( food soon r\nds _! bodies into comp>ative plumpness4 ,! #a/ ( ,septemb] is a black day 9 _! cal5d>4 ,!n !y are outlaw$1 a price is set on _! bodies1 & at high tide ea* day dur+ ?is sad mon? "o sees num]\s puffs ( smoke arise f ! tall grasses & dull reports come boom+ ov] ! m>% ) fateful frequ5cy4 ,b ! *>act]i/ic birds ( ! m>%es at ?is season are ,swall[s4 ,!y outnumb] _m times all ! re/ ( ! m>% birds toge!r--9 fact1 are pres5t 9 su* myriads t _! ga!r+s are "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & impressive ph5om5a ( ! bird life ( ?is region4 ,five species are repres5t$4 ,nam$ 9 ! ord] ( _! abundance !y are ! ,tree1 ,bank1 ,b>n1 ,eave1 & ,r\gh-w+$ ,swall[s4 ,! la/ are comp>atively r>e1 :ile ! ,tree ,swall[s are s 9 excess ( all ! species nam$ t ! foll[+ rem>ks relate l>gely to !m alone4 ,al?\gh ,tree or ,:ite-brea/$ ,swall[s ne/ locally ?r\gh\t ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ! tablel& ( ,mexico to ,labrador & ,alaska1 !re are b few in/ances ( _! bre$+ 9 ! l[] ,hudson ,riv] valley1 :]e !y appe> only z migrants or transi5t visitants4 ,!y arrive f ! s\? e>ly 9 ,april1 & _! nor?w>d migration is n conclud$ until ab\t ,june #a/4 ,dur+ ,june !y are r>ely se51 b betwe5 ! #a/ & ! #e? ( ,july !y beg9 _! j\rney to _! w9t] homes--a movem5t :i* inaugurates ! fall migration4 ,?is /age ( _! j\rney takes !m only to c]ta9 m>%es1 :i* become /ations on _! l9e ( travel :]e c\ntless numb]s ( _! k9d1 impell$ by ! flock+ impulse1 ga!r to roo/ 9 ! re$s4 ,_! numb]s increase /eadily ?r\gh ,july & ,augu/1 ! maximum ( abundance be+ rea*$ ab\t ,septemb] #a/2 !n !y gradually become less num]\s1 & by ,octob] #aj? comp>atively few rema91 ?\gh if ! wea!r be favorable1 !y may be obs]v$ daily until late 9 ! mon?4 ,?r\gh\t ?is p]iod--f ,july to ,octob]--! m>% is us$ only z a dormitory1 ! re$s evid5tly (f]+ suitable p]*es to ^! weak-foot$ birds1 :o 9 ! morn+ radiate ?r\gh\t ! surr\nd+ c\ntry & 9 ! ev5+ return to ! m>% to sleep4 ,9 ! ev5+ !y fly l[1 & ! altitude & "t ( _! flight make !m conspicu\s4 ,9 ! morn+ !y fly high1 z ?\gh b\nd to "s di/ant fe$+ gr\nd1 & at s e>ly an h\r t !y usually escape obs]vation4 ,! ev5+ flight1 !re=e1 is g5]ally consid]$ z truly migratory1 :51 9 fact1 ! same birds d\btless pass ov] a giv5 locality night aft] night1 p]haps = weeks1 9 return+ to _! roo/s 9 ! m>%es4 ,illu/ration3 #dh4 8,bird notes0--,tree ,swall[s4 ,^! ev5+ flights beg9 ab\t two h\rs & a half be=e sunset1 :5 ! birds1 aft] re/+ dur+ ! late =5oon & e>ly aft]noon1 usually on "s telegraph wire1#dh beg9 to :eel & circle ov] ! fields 9 pursuit ( _! ev5+ meal1 :5 "o might imag9e !y 7 resid5t birds1 b obs]vation w %[ t ! g5]al tr5d ( _! movem5t is t[>d ! roo/4 ,?is cont9ues = an h\r to an h\r & a half1 a cl\dy ev5+ ha/5+ _! actions1 :5 _! flight becomes m direct4 ,few birds pause to fe$1 b hurry on to ! roo/+ places1 & z ! light fades ! la/ birds ru% ?r\gh ! gloom ) arr[y spe$ & directness4 ,! birds pass 9 /raggl+ flocks1 & p]iods ( abundance are succe$$ by int]vals ( sc>city1 z ?\gh ! individuals :i* _h be5 associat$ dur+ ! day 7 j\rney+ home toge!r4 ,?us ! ,swall['s ev5+ flight may be obs]v$ ?r\gh\t ! region surr\nd+ ! m>%es2 ev5 9 ,new ,york city !y may be se5 fe$+ above ! h\ses1 & aft] sunset flocks ( swift-fly+ birds are (t5 confus$ by ! telegraph wires1 :i*1 h[ev]1 _! dext]ity ( w+ p]mits !m to pass )\t s]i\s h>m4 ,9 ! m>%es ! fir/ birds are se5 ab\t two h\rs be=e sunset4 ,_m foll[ ! c\rse ( ! riv]1 & if "o be at its bord] spla% aft] spla% is he>d z ! birds dip lightly into ! wat]1 foll[$ by s(t fluffs z aris+ f ! /ream !y %ake _! plumage4 ,soon ! air is fill$ ) ,swall[s1 all /ream+ t[>d ! roo/ ) increas+ swiftness4 ,_m birds1 h[ev]1 z ?\gh wait+ = "s t>dy comrades1 re/ by ! way1 p]*+ on telegraph wires %\ld !y cross ! m>%1 or :5 ^! are want+1 on ! tips ( ! re$s4 ,!y inv>iably face ! w9d1 & :5 x is f ! we/ ! la/ rays ( ! sun /rik+ _! :ite brea/s make !m appe> l sn[y fl[]s cr[n+ ! re$s4 ,sudd5ly1 ) a ru%1 !y :irl onw>d to ! roo/4 ,?us f> ! exact location ( ?is roo/ has defi$ my se>*4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 r\ghly def9$ ! b\nds ( t section ( ! m>% 9 :i* x is plac$ by obs]vation /&s at :i* ! ,swall[s flew nor? & s\? respectively1 & some:]e betwe5 ! two ,i /ill hope to discov] ! ,swall[s' sleep+ haunts4 ,! foll[+ description ( _! dep>ture f ! m>%es 9 ! morn+ is ab/ract$ f my j\rnal1 "u date ( ,augu/ #ae1 #ahhf3 8,a cool1 cle> morn+1 ) a light nor?we/]ly w9d4 ,i rea*$ ! m>%es %ortly be=e five o'clock1 :5 !y appe>$ to be des]t$1 n a ,swall[ be+ 9 sight4 ,at two m9utes ( five ! fir/ birds 7 obs]v$1 !n flock aft] flock !y came until at five ! air 0 fill$ ) hurry+ =ms1 fly+ at v>y+ altitudes t[>d ! nor?4 8,sudd5ly1 f ! mead[s ne> me !re arose a va/ cl\d ( ,swall[s1 d\btless birds :i* _h come f f>!r s\? 9 ! m>% be=e my arrival4 ,/eadily !y m\nt$ upw>d1 until hav+ atta9$ a height :]e ) a /rong glass !y appe>$ fa9t dots aga9/ ! sky1 !y sl[ly w+$ _! way nor?w>d4 8,all ! "t ! mead[s 7 alive ) birds fe$+ 9 e direction2 gradually !y pass$ to ! nor?1 :5 ano!r huge flock arose f ! m>%1 & aft] ga9+ an imm5se height disappe>$1 ?is "t t[>d ! ea/4 ,illu/ration3 #di4 ,tree ,swall[s 9 tree4 8,z ! sun rose ov] ! ,palisades few birds 7 on ! w+1 b great flocks 7 p]*$ 9 ! re$s on ! banks ( ! creek1 & z 9 my canoe ,i drift$ sl[ly up to !m1 !y seem$ unm9dful ( my pres5ce1 :51 z ?\gh at a signal1 !y arose z "o bird1 & aft] hov]+ lightly ov]head return$ to ! re$s4 8,! tide 0 l[1 & along ! %ore sev]al ,sora ,rail 7 fe$+1 &1 z c>ri$ by ! tide ,i float$ noiselessly by1 !y paus$ 9 _! se>* = food1 & ) tails uprais$ reg>d$ me ) evid5t a/oni%m5t4 ,a m9k approa*$ ! %ores ( a small infl[+ /ream1 hesitat$1 !n plung$ 91 cross$1 & disappe>$ 9 ! tall grasses on ! opposite side4 ,! air 0 vocal ) ! calls ( ,r$-w+$ ,blackbirds1 ! *9k ( ,bobol9ks1 & ! rattle ( ,swamp ,sp>r[s4 8,on a re$-gr[n po9t bel[ 0 ano!r great army ( ,swall[s4 ,) surpris+ regul>ity a deta*m5t left x e fifte5 m9utes2 ?us1 birds left at #f1 #f4ae1 #f4cj1 & #f4de1 :5 ! re$s 7 des]t$4 ,! dep>t+ birds did n arise alone1 b ! entire flock arose at once1 !n divid$ into two flocks1 "o ( :i* flew nor?w>d :ile ! o!r return$ to ! re$s4 ,_m ( ! dep>t+ birds alight$ on ! re$s f>!r up ! creek2 _! numb]s con/antly receiv$ additions f ! ranks ( pass+ birds1 & ?us new flocks 7 =m$4 8,at eight o'clock ! la/ ,swall[s _h left ! re$s 9 my vic9ity1 b birds 7 con/antly pass+ t[>d ! nor?1 & ?is /raggl+ flight cont9u$ until n9e o'clock1 :5 aga9 ! m>%es appe>$ des]t$40 ,subsequ5t obs]vations h be5 made l>gely f a road cross+ ! m>%1 ! telegraph & electric-light wires :i* bord] x be+ ! re/+ place ( va/ numb]s ( ,swall[s1 bo? at night & 9 ! morn+4 ,p>ticul>ly d !y ?rong ! wires ne> ! creek1 :i* fl[s nor? & s\? ?r\gh ! m>%1 & :i*1 x is int]e/+ to obs]ve1 =ms a natural highway = ! ,swall[s z !y g to & f _! roo/s4 ,on ! sides ( ?is road are sev]al small maple trees1 to :i* ! ,swall[s (t5 resort 9 su* numb]s t _! foliage trembles z ?\gh 9 a /rong breeze1 x n be+ ! birds' object to p]* 9 ! trees1 b to flutt] among ! dew-lad5 leaves1 & app>5tly ba! 9 ! moi/ure !y conta91 :ile betwe5 ! ba?s !y re/ on ! small] t]m9al twigs1 :5 !y are v difficult to obs]ve4#di ,?is habit does n appe> to h be5 previ\sly record$1 & ,i am by no means c]ta9 t ! explanation (f]$ is ! true "o4 ,illu/ration3 #ej4 ,tree ,swall[s on wire & ne/ hunt+ ab\t pile4 ,frequ5tly "o or m flocks1 v>y+ 9 size f eight or t5 to sev]al hundr$ birds1 may be se5 9 ! road1 :]e ,i at fir/ suppos$ !y 7 8du/+10 b soon notic$ t mo/ ( ! birds aft] alight+ 9 ! road 7 motionless4 ,!y did n move ab\t z ?\gh se>*+ = food1 b occasionally ! actions ( a pair enabl$ "o app>5tly to det]m9e ! sex ( ea* individual1 & m (t5 a bird w\ld pick up a bit ( dri$ grass & fly up into ! air ) x4 ,sometimes x 0 c>ri$ fifty y>ds or m & !n dropp$2 at o!rs1 ! birds w\ld c>ry x to ! telegraph wires above1 & drop x aft] p]*+ a mom5t4 ,)\t exception1 all ! birds se5 to alight 9 ! road 7 9 ! dull1 immature plumage ( birds ( ! ye>1 & 9 _! actions1 z ,mr4 ,william ,brew/] has rem>k$ 7,! ,auk1 #ahih1 p4 #aid71 !y evid5tly gave a premature exhibition ( ! procreative & ne/-build+ in/9cts4#ea ,additional evid5ce ( ! possession ( inh]it$ k 0 app>5tly giv5 by _m ,tree ,swall[s1 :o 7 frequ5tly se5 hov]+ ab\t a pile /&+ 9 ! creek4#ej ,at fir/ x 0 suppos$ t ^! birds 7 fe$+ on insects :i* _h alight$ on ! pile2 b ! numb] ( birds--(t5 a doz5 or m--se5 flutt]+ ab\t x1 & ! p]si/5cy ) :i* !y rema9$ !re1 =c$ ! conclusion t 9 a :olly unreason+ way !y 7 look+ = a ne/+ site4 ,swall[s are n kn[n to migrate by night1 &1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 no s+le ,swall[ has ev] be5 f\nd among ! ?\s&s ( night-fly+ birds :i* h p]i%$ by /rik+ ligh?\ses4 ,! ,swall[s1 !re=e1 :5 migrat+ probably leave ! m>% dur+ ! day1 b 9 :at mann] :o c say8 ,illu/ration3 #ea4 ,immature ,tree ,swall[s ga!r+ ne/+ mat]ial4 ,sev]al times :5 cross+ ! m>%es on ! c>s ,i h obs]v$ ga!r+s ( ,swall[s :i* made ! imm5se flocks obs]v$ daily 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb] seem little m ?an a family ( birds4 ,!y appe>$ 9 ! di/ance l a va/ sw>m ( gnats2 x 0 z ?\gh all ! ,swall[s 9 ! m>% _h collect$ 9 "o great /orm ( birds4 ,! significance ( ?is movem5t ,i h nev] _h ! =tune to det]m9e1 b x seems highly probable t x is connect$ ) ! inauguration ( an actual migration t[>d ! birds' w9t] qu>t]s4 ,,two ,,days ,,) ,,! ,,t]ns ,t]ns are useless = food1 & c n !re=e be class$ z 8game birds40 ,s f> z we "k !y are ( no special economic value4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 "o prote/s aga9/ _! practical annihilation = mill9]y purposes1 he is n infrequ5tly answ]$3 8,well1 :at good are !y80 ,! "q exposes s absolute a failure to appreciate ! bird's exquisite beauty & unexcell$ grace--su* a disc\rag+ mat]ialism--t "o realizes ! hopelessness ( reply+4 ,i confess ,i f9d x impossible to describe satisfactorily j :at ! pres5ce ( ,t]ns along our coa/ means to me4 ,x is n alone _! p]fection ( color1 =m1 & movem5t :i* appeals to "o1 b also ! s5se ( companion%ip !y br+2 & d\btless ?is feel+ is emphasiz$ by ! impressive lonel9ess ( ! sea1 :i* makes any?+ alive d\bly welcome4 ,& s ! com+ ( a s+le "o ( ^! beautiful creatures *anges ! "* ( ! bay or %ore4 ,) unfail+ pleasure "o wat*es its m>vel\sly easy flight1 its />tl+ d>ts = its food ( small fi%1 & :5 x disappe>s ! sc5e loses a grateful elem5t ( life4 ,a mill9]'s hunt] or fi%]man1 h[ev]1 might h made a v diff]5t reply to ! unimag9ative individual :o ask$ ! value ( ,t]ns4 ,! =m] w\ld h told him t !y 7 wor? ab\t t5 c5ts ea* = hat trimm+s2 ! latt] w\ld h said t _! eggs made excell5t omelets2 & ea* has done 8 be/--! "o to lay all ,t]ns on ! alt> ( ,fa%ion1 ! o!r to see t none ( _! eggs escap$ ! fry+ pan4 ,9 ! meantime a numb] ( bird lov]s h tak5 up ! battle = ! ,t]ns 9 _! few rema9+ /rongholds1 & ! brief hi/ory ( ,t]n de/ruction & protection is full ( sugge/ive incid5ts4 ,x 0 ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago t ,t]ns fir/ f\nd favor 9 woman's eyes1 & dur+ ! few succe$+ ye>s hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ^! birds 7 kill$ on ! ,atlantic coa/ = mill9]s4 ,cobb's ,isl&1 on ! coa/ ( ,virg9ia1 is cr$it$ ) hav+ suppli$ =ty ?\s& 9 a s+le season1 &1 z "o ( ! kill]s rec5tly confess$ to me t he knew ( f\rte5 hundr$ be+ kill$ 9 a day1 ! /ory is d\btless true4 ,_! delicate :ite & pe>l-gray fea!rs 71 ( c\rse1 badly blood-/a9$2 b good & bad1 ! sk9s 7 wa%$ & !n ?r[n into a b>rel ( pla/]1 :i* 0 roll$ up & d[n ! bea* until ! moi/ure 0 absorb$ f _! plumage4 ,a ,long ,isl& taxid]mi/ us$ a pat5t *urn = ?is purpose4 ,! de/ruction at o!r favorable po9ts 0 proportionately great1 & 9 two or ?ree ye>s "o look$ 9 va9 = ! ,t]ns :i* _h previ\sly s enliv5$ our %ores4 ,! protection af=d$ by an insul> exi/5ce 0 n[ giv5 a practical & /rik+ illu/ration4 ,! ,t]ns :i* ne/$ on ! ma9l& or ne>ly+ s& b>s 7 soon extirpat$1 b on c]ta9 less accessible1 un9habit$ islets1 !y /ill surviv$4 ,?us all t 7 left ( c\ntless numb]s ( ^! birds :i* once inhabit$ ! %ores ( ,long ,isl& 7 to be f\nd on ! ,great ,gull ,isl&1 :ile ,muskeget & ,p5ikese1 (f ! ,massa*usetts coa/1 conta9$ ! only l>ge colonies ( ,t]ns f ,long ,isl& to ,ma9e4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! ,gull ,isl& colony be+ ?reat5$ by collectors1 ! influ5ce ( sev]al bird lov]s secur$ ! appo9tm5t ( ! keep] ( ! ligh?\se on ! neighbor+ islet1 ,little ,gull1 z a special game w>d5 to en=ce ! previ\sly useless laws suppos$ to protect ! ,t]ns4 ,! result 0 bo? enc\rag+ & in/ructive4 ,9 two ye>s x is e/imat$ t ! colony increas$ f two ?\s& to f\r ?\s&1 & x 0 hop$ t x might prove a nucleus f :i* ! adjo9+ %ores w\ld ev5tually be re/ock$ ) ,t]ns4 ,b ! ,gov]nm5t at ,wa%+ton select$ ,great ,gull ,isl& z a desirable po9t = =tifications1 & be=e ev5 ?is sugge/ion ( w> ! poor ,t]ns disappe>$4 ,= "o season ! labor]s employ$ by ! ,gov]nm5t fea/$ on ,t]ns' eggs2 !n ! gradual occupancy ( ! eighte5 acres compos+ ! islet =c$ ! birds to seek homes else:]e4 ,h5ce x foll[s t if "o w\ld see ,t]ns 9 numb]s on ! middle ,atlantic coa/ to-day1 he mu/ j\rney to two small islets (f ,massa*usetts1 :i* ?us f> h af=d$ !m a refuge4 ,int]e/+ x is to recall t on ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d1 ly+ betwe5 ! two1 are f\nd ! only liv+ repres5tatives ( ! ,hea? ,h51 or ,ea/]n ,prairie ,h51 :i* 0 once locally abundant 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! ,ea/]n & ,middle ,/ates4 ,9 #ahhi ,i visit$ ! ,t]ns ( ,great ,gull ,isl&1 & a desire to be aga9 surr\nd$ by ^! birds1 & p]haps secure photographs ( !m & _! way ( liv+1 br\ght me on ,july #af1 #ahii1 to ,wood's ,holl1 ,massa*usetts1 en r\te to :i*ev] ,t]n headqu>t]s x might prove mo/ conv5i5t to rea*4 ,q unexpect$ly !re prov$ to be a small colony ( ,common & ,roseate ,t]ns on ?ree islets1 kn[n z ! ,weepeckets1 /&+ 9 ,buzz>d's ,bay1 ne> ! entrance to ,wood's ,holl4 ,9 all1 !re 7 probably betwe5 ?ree & f\r hundr$ birds1 ( :i* by f> ! great] numb] appe>$ to be domicil$ on ! l>ge/ ( ! ?ree isl&s4 ,?is conta9s f t5 to twelve acres ( s&1 gr[n ) bea* grass1 scrub suma*1 bayb]ries1 & a few /unt$ p9es ab\t two feet 9 height4 ,on ?is app>5tly un9vit+ bit ( l& ,i pass$ two delightful days alone ) ! ,t]ns4 ,! accompany+ photographs tell f> m ( ! birds ?an p5 c well express1 b !y convey no sugge/ion ( ! pleasure ,i exp]i5c$ 9 aga9 f9d+ myself among !m4 ,illu/ration3 #eb4 ,ne/+ site1 ne/1 & ?ree eggs ( ,common ,t]n4 ,a ne>] view ( ne/ ) sitt+ bird is %[n 9 ,nos4 #fc & #fd4 ,! birds 7 ne/+ on ! upl&1 on ! slop+ grass bank1 on ! nor?we/ side ( ! isl&1 & on ! rocky bea*#eb at its base4 ,9 ! two fir/-nam$ locations mo/ ( ! ne/s 7 l9$ ) grasses1 b occasionally !y consi/$ ( only a slight1 b>$ depression 9 ! e>?2 :ile ! eggs along ! bea* 71 z a rule1 deposit$ on wisps or piles ( driftwe$4 ,!re 7 p]haps six or eight ,roseate ,t]ns1 ! o!rs 7 app>5tly all ,common ,t]ns1 b z ,i am unfamili> ) ! v simil> ,arctic ,t]n1 x is possible t ?is species may h be5 pres5t4 ,illu/ration3 #ec4 ,t]n hov]+ above ne/4 ,a ,t]n colony is 9 "s respects a unit4 ,! al>m ( "o bird is %>$ by all1 & be=e ! boat's keel grat$ on ! s&y bea* ( ! l>ge/ ,weepecket1 ! sn[y-brea/$ birds1 :i* 9 a gr\p 7 re/+ !re1 _h tak5 flight1 & ) _! s+ul> call told all ! o!r ,t]ns on ! isl& ( my invasion4 ,at once ! birds ga!r$ &1 hang+ 9 a flock ov]head1 prote/$ mo/ vigor\sly aga9/ my intrusion ) _! purr+1 vibrant te-a-r-r-r4 ,?is cry nev] ceases s long z "o rema9s ne> _! home2 x r+s 9 ! e>s = days aft]w>d1 & "o ne$ only to recall x to =m a cle> m5tal picture ( a sky full ( hov]+ ,t]ns4 ,occasionally ?is monotone 0 punctuat$ by a l\d1 re$y cack z a ,roseate ,t]n da%$ by1 or z "s half-di/ract$ bird1 ^: ne/ 0 d\btless ne>1 scream+1 div$ close to my head ) a sudd51 />tl+ swi%4 ,x seem$ almo/ z ?\gh ! bird w\ld pi]ce me ) its %>ply po9t$ bill2 & if x c\ld h manag$ to g ?r\gh ! rim ( my hat )\t damage to ei!r ( u1 ,i %\ld h be5 v glad to h sacrific$ t article ( app>el to su* an exhibition ( brav]y4 ,illu/ration3 #ed4 ,ne/ & eggs ( ,t]n on upl&4 ,z ,i advanc$ ,i began to discov] ne/s4 ,"s 7 on ! upl&1 snugly plac$ 9 ! grass or ne> a l>ge /one1#ed & ) pretty surr\nd+s ( y>r[1 suma*1 or b5d+ grasses2 o!rs 7 on ! little %elves ( ! /eep we/]ly bank ( ! islet2 & o!rs /ill on bits ( seawe$ among ! pebbles & rocks :i* "h =m$ ! bea*4#ee ,no attempt 0 made to take advantage ( ! concealm5t (f]$ by ! gr\ps ( b[ld]s scatt]$ along ! bea*1 & b5ea? :i* ! birds might h hidd5 effectively1 x be+ presumably _! object to select a site f :i* !y c\ld readily detect any cause = al>m4 ,z a rule1 _! ne/s conta9$ "o or two eggs1 only a s+le ne/ be+ se5 ) ?ree4 ,al?\gh by ?is "t birds ( ! ye> %\ld h be5 on ! w+1 few "y ( any age 7 se5--a condition :i* 0 d\btless expla9$ by ! fact t ! birds1 ?us f>1 _h be5 too mu* occupi$ furni%+ ! memb]s ( boat+ p>ties ) s\v5irs ( _! day's out+1 to give att5tion to _! own h\sehold affairs4 ,illu/ration3 #ee4 ,t]n's ne/ & eggs 9 drift dbris4 ,h[ev]1 ! few "y t 7 se5 gave a mo/ int]e/+ exhibition ( _! in/9ctive appreciation ( ! value ( bo? _! protective colors & ! p[] ( _! legs4 ,z long z !y believ$ !mselves unobs]v$ !y tru/$ 9 ! =m]2 b ! mom5t !y became conv9c$ t a fur!r attempt at concealm5t 0 useless1 !y transf]r$ _! fai? to _! p$al extremities1 on :i* !y patt]$ (f z f> & z fa/ z _! /r5g? p]mitt$4 ,?is obs]vation 0 v]ifi$ lat] on ,p5ikese1#eg :]e "y 7 num]\s1 & ! habit 0 well %[n by ! "y bird figur$4#ef ,he 0 discov]$ squatt+ among ! rocks1 :]e he rema9$1 practically at my feet1 :ile ,i set up my tripod & delib]ately made 8 picture--dur+ :i* op]ation s inconspicu\s 0 he t ,i inv>iably _h to hunt = him ea* "t ,i remov$ my eyes f ! exact spot 9 :i* he 0 cr\*+4 ,wi%+ n[ to %[ him to bett] advantage1 he 0 pick$ up & plac$ on a wisp ( driftwe$4 ,at once 8 mann] *ang$4 ,my t\* _h brok5 ! spell2 :at c\ld be felt c\ld be se51 &1 :]eas be=e he _h be5 z motionless z ! pebbles ab\t him1#eg 8 "o object n[ 0 to get out ( sight z spe$ily z possible4 ,consequ5tly1 "t aft] "t1 ! mom5t ,i took my h& f him he 0 (f1 & x 0 only by squeez+ ! bulb ! mom5t he 0 releas$ t ,i succe$$ f9ally 9 secur+ 8 picture on ! seawe$4 ,illu/ration3 #ef4 ,"y ,t]n hid+ on rocky bea*4 ,"y ,t]ns1 app>5tly1 sp5d at lea/ two days 9 ! ne/1 dur+ :i* "t !y are brood$ by ! p>5ts2 !n !y w&] ab\t )9 a limit$ space seek+ ! %ade ( a /one or bit ( driftwood1 always ( c\rse "u ! p>5tal c>e4 ,at ,p5ikese1 "y ( ! ye> 7 se5 on ! w+1 & ! s]ies ( pictures %[n repres5ts ! /ages ( gr[? f ! egg to ! age at :i* ! bird takes flight4 ,illu/ration3 #eg4 ,"y ,t]n hid+ 9 ! grass4 ,bo? ! nature ( ! bird's haunts & ! mann] 9 :i* ! memb]s ( a colony spread an al>m make x practically impossible to surprise a ,t]n ^u its ne/4 ,b by ly+ prone ^u ! gr\nd "o attracts f> less att5tion ?an :5 /&+4 ,! hov]+ flock ( birds gradually disp]ses1 & ^? :i* are incubat+ soon return to ! vic9ity ( _! ne/s1 hang+ ov] !m & dropp+ ne>] & ne>]1#ec until at ! end ( fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes !y swoop d[n beside !m1 raise _! w+s high ov] _! backs1 !n fold !m g5tly & settle ^u _! eggs4#eh ,on a second visit to ! isl& a bit ( old sail 0 br\ght1 :i* ,i drew ov] me :5 ly+ on ! gr\nd--a plan result+ 9 my practical disappe>ance1 z f> z ! ,t]ns 7 conc]n$4 ,illu/ration3 #eh4 ,t]n alight+ on ne/4 ,same ne/ z ,nos4 #fj-fb4 ,obvi\sly ! only mann] 9 :i* photographs ( ! ,t]ns on _! ne/s c\ld be secur$ 0 to conceal "o's cam]a ne> ! ne/ & retire1 ) a tube or ?read1 to a di/ance ( a hundr$ feet or m4 ,a ne/ 0 !re=e select$ ab\t halfway up ! bank on ! we/]ly side ( ! isl&1 ! cam]a /ak$ to ! gr\nd ) long iron p9s1 & completely cov]$ ) ! dri$ seawe$ abundant on ! bea* bel[4 ,i !n atta*$ a black l95 ?read to ! %utt] & retir$ ab\t "o hundr$ feet to ! top ( ! bank4 ,almo/ z soon z ,i lay d[n ! tumult ov]head ceas$1 ! birds scatt]$1 & ! rasp+ te-a-r-r-r note ( al>m 0 replac$ by a v>iety ( calls1 %[+ ^! birds to be possess$ ( an unexpect$ly ext5d$ vocabul>y4 ,"o call 0 a *irp n unlike ! ,:ite-?roat$ ,sp>r['s1 a second might be writt5 tue1 tue1 tue1 & 0 utt]$ :5 "o bird 0 9 pursuit ( ano!r4 ,illu/ration3 #ei4 ,t]n on hillside ne/4 ,! seawe$ n only conceal$ ! cam]a p]fectly1 b 0 s abundant ne> ! bird's ne/ t ! appe>ance ( a fre% m\nd app>5tly did n ev5 excite ! bird's curiosity1 & )9 tw5ty m9utes x _h return$ to its eggs4 ,x happ5$1 h[ev]1 t ! nature ( ! site *os5 induc$ ! bird to face ! wat]1 & z ! cam]a 0 above1 & consequ5tly beh9d x1 ! view pres5t$ did n %[ x to advantage1 b aft] sev]al unsuccessful trials ! attempt to secure a m flatt]+ view 0 ab&on$4#ei ,a bird 0 n[ *os5 :o 0 incubat+ two eggs plac$ 9 a depression 9 a little m\nd ( seawe$ on ! bea*4 ,on ?is occasion ! cam]a 0 plac$ on a driftwood box1 weight$ ) /ones1 & completely cov]$ ) seawe$4 ,^! eggs 7 hat*+1 & ! bird soon return$ to !m2 b be=e x _h come back1 ano!r bird 9 d>t+ by _h fl[n into ! ?read1 spr++ ! %utt]1 & mak+ ! picture#fj ( ! ne/ & eggs "h giv5 q z effectively z _m a simil>ly inexp]i5c$ photograph] c\ld h done4 ,illu/ration3 #fj4 ,t]n's ne/ & hat*+ eggs 9 seawe$4 ,! day b "o foll[+--,july #bj?--^! egg%ells _h disappe>$1 & ! ne/ 0 occupi$ by two "y birds ) j en\gh /r5g? to crawl t[>d ! p>5t bird :5 x appe>$ ) food4#fa ,& :5 _! appetites 7 appeas$ ! p>5t bird took h] place on ! ne/ & brood$ !m ) ! c>e ( an anxi\s h54#fb ,a few y>ds f ?is new family 7 two "y :o c\ld n h be5 ov] f\r days old1 b :o _h left ! ne/ = ! %ade ( a piece ( driftwood4 ,"h !y 7 f$ by two birds--d\btless bo? p>5ts--:om !y seem$ to recognize among ! o!r ,t]ns hov]+ above !m4 ,!y 7 app>5tly f$ on small fi%1 :i* ! p>5t bird plac$ 9 _! op5 m\?s :ile /&+ j )9 rea*+ di/ance4 ,none ( ! sev]al pictures ( ^! birds 7 :olly successful1 b 9 all ( !m ! old birds seem to be mu* m graceful 9 =m ?an ! p>5t ( ! newly hat*$ "y 9 ! seawe$4 ,illu/ration3 #fa4 ,t]n ab\t to fe$ "y4 ,same ne/ z ,no4 #fj4 ,a less exp]i5c$ ,t]n _h plac$ its ne/ ( a few bits ( seawe$ among ! pebbles1 almo/ )9 rea* ( ! waves4 ,?is bird 0 s+ul>ly re/less1 turn+ its head f side to side s con/antly t its picture 0 secur$ only by pull+ ! long ?read ! mom5t aft] ! bird mov$4#fc1 #fd ,l all ! birds photograph$ on ! ne/1 x %[$ no al>m at ! click ( ! %utt] z ! exposure 0 made4 ,?is surpris$ me n a little4 ,! cam]a 0 usually ab\t ?ree feet f ! bird1 ! exposure 0 necess>ily rapid 7 second & /op #h71 ! snap ( ! old-/yle 8,h5ry ,clay10 us$ on ! fir/ day1 or ev5 ( ! less l\d ,iris diaphragm1 c\ld be pla9ly he>d at a di/ance ( sev]al y>ds1 & its failure to />tle ^! n]v\s1 easily fright5$ birds makes "o suspect t _! he>+ is defici5t4 ,illu/ration3 #fb4 ,t]n brood+ "y4 ,same ne/ z ,no4 #fj4 ,! ne/s ( ! ,t]ns t *ose ! upl& = a home 7 (t5 picturesquely surr\nd$ by /unt$ suma* or bloom+ y>r[1 b ! birds "h 7 f> less easy to photograph because ( ! difficulty ( ?or\ghly conceal+ "o's cam]a4 ,! own] ( an especially pleas+ ne/+ site kept me b5ea? my bit ( sail = some:at ov] two h\rs1 :ile %e--if x 0 %e--hung 9 ! air j ov] h] eggs1 on :i* ,i mom5t>ily expect$ to see h] settle4#fe ,illu/ration3 #fc4 ,t]n on ne/4 ,site %[n 9 ,no4 #eb4 ,illu/ration3 #fd4 ,t]n on ne/4 ,site %[n 9 ,no4 #eb4 ,9 ! meantime ! tide _h aris5 & float$ my boat1 :i* 0 c>ri$ by ! w9d across to ,nau%on1 & ,i might h pass$ ! night ) ! ,t]ns1 _h n ! ,fi% ,commission]'s laun* tak5 me (f 9 ! aft]noon4 ,x w\ld n h be5 an unwelcome exp]i5ce4 ,!re 0 an abundance ( dry seawe$ = a c\*--a ne/1 ,i _h almo/ said--& "s cav]nlike op5+s b5ea? ! piles ( great b[ld]s _h a v snug & cozy look1 :i* probably w\ld h disappe>$ %ortly aft] sunset4 ,illu/ration3 #fe4 ,t]n on upl& ne/4 ,two days lat] ,i w5t to ,p5ikese1 & my dom9ant ?\ght on recall+ ! exp]i5ce is an int5se desire to repeat x4 ,p5ikese1 or at lea/ its nor!rn "p1 is an isl& ( ,t]ns4 ,on ! rocky bea*1 f :i* ! sides ( ! bank lead to ! roll+ upl& above1 :i*ev] way ,i look$ 0 a ,t]n's ne/ ) its two1 or1 r>ely1 ?ree eggs4 ,less frequ5tly "y ,t]ns 7 se51 v>y+ 9 age f ^? j em]g+ f ! %ell to o!rs almo/ ready to fly1 :ile ov]head 0 a c\ntless multitude ( hov]+1 d>t+ ,t]ns1 ^: voices unit$ 9 "o cont9u\s1 grat+ te-a-r-r-r made ! air tremble4 ,!re 0 an occasional vibrant cack f a ,roseate1 b n m ?an a doz5 birds ( ?is species 7 he>d4 ,ask$ to e/imate ! numb] ( birds pres5t ,i %\ld h said t5 ?\s&1 ?\gh ,i %\ld n h be5 surpris$ to le>n t !re 7 tw5ty ?\s&4 ,h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,george ,h4 ,mackay1 ( ,nantucket1 :o may be reg>d$ z a ,t]n speciali/1 plac$ ! numb] ( ,t]ns on ,p5ikese1 9 #ahif1 at 8six or sev5 ?\s&10 & ) ! assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,h[e1 ,jr41 c\nt$ #a1daf ne/s conta9+ #b1jee eggs 7,auk1 xiv1 #ahig1 p4 #bhc74 ,illu/ration3 #ff4 ,"y ,t]ns2 fir/ /age1 ab\t f\r days old4 ,a small flock ( %eep %>$ ?is "p ( ! isl& ) ! ,t]ns1 & _! pres5ce acc\nt$ = ! %ort grass :i* made ! upl& resemble a closely cut lawn1 & p]mitt$ "o readily to see ! ,t]n's eggs :5 sev]al y>ds di/ant4 ,= ! same reason ! birds c\ld be se5 ev5 m pla9ly1 & my mo/ pleas+ memory ( ,p5ikese is ! gre5sw>d dott$ ) ! :ite =ms ( bre$+ birds1 :o _h return$ to _! ne/s aft] ,i _h p>tially conceal$ myself beh9d a b[ld]4 ,illu/ration3 #fg4 ,"y ,t]n1 ab\t a week old4 ,illu/ration3 #fh4 ,"y ,t]n2 ?ird /age1 second plumage appe>+4 ,9 or ne> ! ne/s _m dead "y birds 7 se54 ,! cause ( _! dea? 0 n evid5t1 unless x may be attribut$ to ! ungu>d$ foot/eps ( ! graz+ %eep4 ,if ?is be true1 ! p>5t birds seem$ 9 no way to res5t ! %eep's c>elessness1 b accept$ _! pres5ce )\t prote/2 "o bird ev5 exhibit$ a sign ( good fell[%ip by p]*+ on a %eep's back1 & ! l5g? ( "t x rema9$ !re %[$ t x 0 by no means an unwelcome visitor4 ,illu/ration3 #fi4 ,"y ,t]n1 f\r? /age4 ,my "t on ,p5ikese 0 too %ort to m ?an %[ :at an admirable opportunity is "h (f]$ ! orni?ologi/ :o desires to make a close /udy ( ! home life & social relations ( ,t]ns4 ,! pres5t own]s ( ! isl&1 ! ,messrs4 ,hom]1 ( ,new ,b$=d1 take a greatly to be comm5d$ int]e/ 9 ! welf>e ( _! fea!r$ t5ants1 &1 ?r\gh po/]s & ! ag5cy ( _! repres5tative on ! isl&1 aim to af=d ! birds a mu*-ne$$ protection4 ,:at an enviable possession6 ,:at a privilege to be able to give a refuge to s l>ge a proportion ( ! rema9+ survivors ( ^! p]secut$ birds6 ,illu/ration3 #gj4 ,"y ,t]n1 /age be=e flight4 ,) no desire to und]rate ! s]vices to ! ,commonweal? ( ^! g5tlem51 ,i /ill c\ld wi% ! ,t]ns m /able protectors4 ,n ! ,/ate1 ^: record z a ,t]n protector does n invite our confid5ce1 b a society ( bird lov]s--! ,nuttall ,club ( ,cambridge1 or ! ,audubon ,society ( ,massa*usetts4 ,w\ld x n be a fitt+ act = "o ( ^! organizations to ask f woman1 ! ,t]n's *ief enemy1 contributions to a fund = ! pur*ase ( an asylum = h] victims4 ,c no "o s plead ! ,t]ns' cause t _m a fea!r-b$eck$ woman w be glad to s5d h] consci5ce money to aid 9 secur+ _! protection8 ,b 9 addition to be+ a home ( ! birds1 ,p5ikese has o!r claims ^u ,nature lov]s4 ,"h ,agassiz1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 summ] s*ool1 br\ght 8 pupils into direct contact ) ,nature1 & ! sc5e ( 8 labors is fraught ) associations to e "o famili> ) ! inspir+ hi/ory ( 8 life4 ,let u keep ?is isl& sacr$ to 8 memory & ! ,t]ns4 ,,! ,,bird ,,rocks ,,( ,,! ,,gulf ,,( ,,/4 ,,lawr5ce ,,p]c ,,& ,,bonav5ture ,! naturali/ realizes ) ! utmo/ sadness t ! encroa*m5ts ( civilization are rapidly *ang+ ! conditions ( animal life on ?is small sph]e ( ours1 & t soon he may f9d ,nature primeval only 9 its m remote or inaccessible p>ts4 ,=e/ life vani%es ) ! dem& = timb]1 :i* s5ds ! axeman 9 advance ( ! agriculturi/4 ,! tillable pla9s1 prairies1 & bottom l&s are trans=m$ by ! pl[4 ,! s&y bea*es suff] ) an eruption ( summ] hotels & cottages1 & )9 ! conf9es ( civilization only su* useless portions ( ! e>?'s surface z ! arid des]ts & b>r5 m\nta9 tops1 m>%y wa/es & rocky or f>-di/ant islets1 h be5 unalt]$ by man4 ,x is especially to ! pres]v+ influ5ces ( isl& life t we owe ! cont9u$ survival ( _m animals :i* h greatly decreas$ or become ext]m9at$ on ! ma9l&1 z has be5 rem>k$ ( ! ,t]ns & ,hea? ,h5--two illu/rations among hundr$s t might be giv54 ,c]ta9 animals1 !re=e1 are n only m abundant on isl&s1 b1 if _! home be n %>$ by man1 !y exhibit a tam5ess surpris+ to "o :o has kn[n only ! timid1 man-fe>+ creatures ( ! ma9l&4 ,on sev]al un9habit$ ,we/ ,indian islets ! sailors ( ,columbus kill$ ,pigeons & o!r birds ) /icks1 or caught !m 9 _! h&s4 ,d>w9 writes ( ! 8extreme tam5ess0 ( ! birds ( ! ,galapagos1 & tells ( pu%+ a ,hawk (f its p]* ) ! muzzle ( 8 gun4 ,moseley1 on ,inaccessible & ,k]guel5 ,isl&s1 _h simil> exp]i5ces4 ,! ,albatrosses ( ! ,laysan ,isl&s %[ f> less fe> ( man ?an d b>ny>d f[ls--9 %ort1 if x 7 necess>y1 hundr$s ( in/ances might be cit$ to %[ t di/ru/ ( man is an acquir$ & n a natural trait ( animals4 ,hav+ ^! facts 9 m9d1 !re=e1 ,i be?\ght me ( "s isl& or isl&s :i* 7 nei!r at ! antipodes nor ei!r pole1 & :]e birds 7 n only abundant1 b 9 su* happy ignorance ( man t no difficulty w\ld be exp]i5c$ 9 secur+ _! photographs4 ,^! w\ld n only h a pres5t int]e/ & value1 b w\ld also =m p]man5t records ( conditions already ?reat5$ by ! de/ructive t5d5cies ( ! age4 ,aft] c>efully consid]+ all ! m easily rea*$ islets ( ! ,atlantic & ,pacific coa/s1 my *oice fell on c]ta9 ( ! bird rocks ( ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,! "n bird rock is us$ 9 bo? a g5]al & a special s5se4 ,9 ! =m] x may be appli$ to _m ( ! rocky islets ( ! gulf1 9 ! latt] x relates exclusively to ! ,bird ,rocks at ! nor!a/]n end ( ! ,magdal5 gr\p4 ,p]c ,rock1 ,bonav5ture ,isl&1 ! ,magdal5s1 & ! ,bird ,rocks !mselves seem$ to (f] ! be/ opportunities to ! bird photograph]1 &1 accompani$ by my be/ assi/ant1 ,i dep>t$ = ! fir/ nam$ on ,july #b1 #ahih4 ,p]c ,rock#ga 7s nam$ because its base has be5 pi]c$ by ! action ( ! waves7 lies ab\t ?ree hundr$ feet (f ! l& at ! t[n ( ,p]c1 on ! we/ side ( ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,a semiweekly /eam] f ,dalh\sie1 ne> ! head ( ,bay ( ,*aleur1 furni%es ! regul> means ( communication ) ,p]c1 & ! t[n at once possesses a di/9ction ov] any place on ! l9e ( a railway4 ,=1 aside f e o!r reason1 !re is a p]vasiv5ess ab\t ! smoke ( a railway locomotive :i* contam9ates ! atmosph]e & robs local influ5ces ( half _! pot5cy4 ,d\btless !re are p]sons :o w\ld be glad to *ange ! aroma ( ,p]c's fi%y>ds = ! /ifl+ air ( a railway tunnel1 b give me ! pung5t odor ( ,p]c's dry+ cod unadult]at$4 ,ev5 ! /eam] does n t\* ,p]c1 & we 7 l&$ by a boat 9 a sea j r\gh en\gh to make ! exp]i5ce int]e/+4 ,at ! pi] no hotel ag5t greet$ u1 = ,p]c possesses nei!r hotel nor bo>d+ h\se1 & summ] resort]s are almo/ unkn[n4 ,?is 0 a delightful discov]y4 ,we _h come 9 se>* ( an isolat$ colony ( birds1 & we f\nd also an isolat$ colony ( man--qua9t fi%] folk ^: patois ,fr5* _h a gratefully =eign s\nd4 ,illu/ration3 #ga4 ,p]c ,rock f ! nor?4 ,lodg+s 7 secur$ at ! home ( a retir$ fi%]man1 & imm$iately we salli$ =? to pay tribute to ! ,rock f ! ne>e/ po9t on ! ma9l&4 ,its size & precipit\sness 7 bo? surpris+ & impressive4 ,se5 f ! l& x seem$ l ! hull ( "s great %ip :i* _h gone a%ore "h 9 ! age ( ! ,titans4 ,ne>ly ?ree hundr$ feet high at ! b[1 ) a beam ( ab\t "o hundr$1 & a l5g? ov] all ( twelve hundr$ feet1 x 0 n likely to be bo>d$ by ! mo/ nimble seaman4 ,d\btless an exp]t climb]1 prop]ly equipp$ ) ropes & assi/ants1 might rea* ! summit2 b z ! la/ man to make ! attempt1 "s fifty ye>s ago1 lo/ 8 life1 ! t[n au?orities h impos$ a f9e ( five p\nds on any "o :o %all be f\nd guilty ( scal+ or try+ to scale ! ,rock1 & ! law1 incid5tally1 protects ! birds z well z man4 ,! top ( ! ,rock is occupi$ by a colony ( probably betwe5 two & ?ree ?\s& ,h]r+ ,gulls & ,d\ble-cre/$ ,cormorants4 ,! guidebooks array ^! birds 9 picturesque cohorts :i* make ! ,cormorants' "p ( ! ,rock black1 ! ,gulls' :ite2 & !y fur!r /ate t %\ld a black bird *ance to trespass on ! ,gulls' t]ritory1 he is imm$iately surr\nd$ by a consum+ :ite cl\d1 & vice v]sa4 ,b be x said to ! disgrace ( man & ! cr$it ( birds1 t ! ,cormorants & ,gulls ne/ side by side app>5tly on t]ms ( ! greate/ amity4 ,at ?is po9t x %\ld be /at$ t my photographic outfit consi/$ ( an anci5t b useful #d #e 8,wat]bury ,detective10 conta9+ a wide angle1 %ort-focus l5s1 & design$ = g5]al h&work2 a #d #e long-focus 8,premo0 ) a #f-;in* trade l5s & ,unicum %utt]1 = use f a tripod or 9 photograph+ ne/s1 l&scapes1 etc41 & a #e #g tw9 l5s ) a #aj-;in* l5s & ,pros* %utt]1 a cam]a made especially = animal photography1 b :i* 0 undesirably bulky4 ,none ( ^! 0 ( s]vice 9 photograph+ ! inhabitants ( ,p]c ,rock f ! l&1 nor c\ld a telephoto be us$ to advantage1 ! ,rock be+ s mu* high] ?an ! adjo9+ ma9l&4 ,f a boat ne> ! base ( ! s\!a/ side ( ! ,rock a bett] opportunity is af=d$ = photograph+ its summit1 & ! be/ ( sev]al attempts made at ?is po9t is "h pres5t$4#gb ,exam9$ "u a glass x conveys "s idea ( ! numb] ( birds occupy+ ! top ( ! ,rock2 & :ile "o regrets t ! cam]a does s little ju/ice to ! subject1 "o c n b rejoice t "h1 at lea/1 is "o place to :i* probably = all "t birds may return ea* ye> & re> _! "y 9 p]fect security4 ,9 crevices 9 ! face ( ! ,rock numb]s ( ,guillemots ne/1 & directly above ! pi]c$ op5+ dwell a colony ( ab\t ?irty ,kittiwakes1 :o h app>5tly tak5 up _! resid5ce 9 ! ,rock )9 comp>atively rec5t ye>s1 s9ce none 7 "h 9 #ahha :5 ,mr4 ,william ,brew/] visit$ ,p]c4 ,illu/ration3 #gb4 ,p]c ,rock f s\!a/ end4 ,! ,cormorants & ,gulls may be dimly se5 on ! summit ( ! ,rock4 ,:]ev] "o be ab\t ,p]c1 9 ! t[n or out1 ! ,rock is ! prom95t feature ( ! coa/ l9e4 ,x dom9ates its surr\nd+s z a sn[capp$ m\nta9 rules its dep5d5t ranges4 ,to ! bird lov] x possesses a d\ble fasc9ation1 & "o is con/antly attract$ by ! ceaseless cries ( ! ?rong ( hov]+ birds1 :o 9 "s indescribable way seem to inve/ _! home ) a s5se ( ! *>m1 ! fre$om1 ! wildness ( a sea-bird's life4 ,x is a true bird rock2 man has no "p 9 x4 ,at sunset ?is bond betwe5 ! ,rock & its inhabitants seem$ especially /rong & real4 ,?r\gh a not* 9 ! we/]n hills ! la/ rays ( ! sun fell squ>ely ^u ! ,rock1 illum9at+ x & ! ev]-pres5t so>+ ,gulls aft] ! l& & ! sea 7 9 %ad[4 ,sl[ly ! light left ! ,rock1 until x1 too1 0 ( ! same gray-blue z its surr\nd+s2 !n1 l ! beams f a se>*light1 x /ruck ! circl+ mass ( ,gulls1 mak+ !m seem a flurry ( sn[flakes desc5d+ into ! gloom bel[4 ,! pilgrim to ,p]c ,rock w f9d t ! object ( 8 j\rney n only exce$s 9 gr&eur 8 brighte/ imag9ation ( x1 b he w be fur!r rew>d$ by discov]+ ,p]c itself & ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t to be ( exceptional int]e/ & beauty4 ,x 0 ! season ( codfi%+1 & e morn+ a fleet ( a hundr$ or m /an* little boats1 ea* ) two m51 put out into ! bay = a day's fi%+4 ,_! return1 late 9 ! aft]noon1 0 an ev5tful "p ( ! day4 ,!n ! bea* 0 ! c5t] ( attraction z boat aft] boat came 91 ! m5 deposit+ _! cat* on ! s&s1 !n sett+ up _! tables & 8splitt+0 ! cod ) surpris+ dext]ity4#gc ,illu/ration3 #gc4 ,splitt+ cod on ,p]c bea*4 ,p]c ,rock 9 ! di/ance4 ,?is indu/ry result$ 9 a s+ul> habit among ! ,h]r+ ,gulls1 :i*1 :5 fir/ se51 ,i 0 at a loss to expla94 ,9 a cultivat$ hillside bord]+ ! t[n a flock ( ab\t fifty ,gulls 0 obs]v$ eag]ly dev\r+ "s food1 :i* 0 app>5tly abundant4 8,gras%opp]s10 ,i ?\ght1 b on inve/igation ! gras%opp]s prov$ to be entrails1 heads1 v]tebr1 etc41 ( codfi%1 :i* _h be5 /rewn ov] ! fields z f]tiliz]4 ,! ,gulls took w+ at my approa*1 & p]*$ 9 long r[s on ! f5ces2 a curi\s sight1 ( :i* ,i tri$1 b fail$1 to secure a picture4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ^! fields1 & along ! cre/s ( ! r$ s&/one cliffs nor?we/ ( ! t[n1 t my walks (t5e/ l$ me4 ,a few ,h]r+ ,gulls ne/$ on ! l$ges1 & ,mr4 ,ke>ton might h succe$$ 9 secur+ ! photographs ( !m4 ,b ,i freely confess to an abs5ce ( bo? ta/e & tal5t z a cliffman1 & 0 q cont5t1 "u ! circum/ances1 to view ! birds f above4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 _h no scruples ab\t approa*+ me1 & utt]+ a ?reat5+ ka-ka-ka1 :i* sugge/$ ! voice ( a gigantic katydid1 circl$ ab\t my head or1 ) an al>m+ swi%1 swoop$ d[n s ne> me t ,i inv>iably 0 surpris$ into 8duck+40 ,"h also 7 croak+ ,rav5s1 :o seem$ by no means %y1 & on ne>ly e f5ce po/ 0 a ,savanna ,sp>r[1 by all odds ! mo/ abundant l& bird obs]v$4 ,illu/ration3 #gd4 ,"y ,savanna ,sp>r[4 ,turn+ f ! cliffs1 "o soon rea*$ ! spruce & balsam =e/s1 ) _! twitt]+ ,juncos1 sweet-voic$ ,:ite-?roat$ ,sp>r[s1 ,p9e ,f9*es1 & num]\s ,w>bl]s1 & foll[+ ! g5tly asc5d+ lanes & pa?ways lead+ ?r\gh ! fragrant woods1 arriv$ at ! %r9e-cr[n$ summit ( ,m\nt ,/4 ,anne1 twelve hundr$ feet above ! gulf4 ,x is a sup]b view ( b\ndless sea & =e/ :i* greets "o f ?is vantage po9t--a /rik+ comb9ation ( ! *>ms ( l& & wat]4 ,to ! s\?1 ! ,bay ,*aleur ) its brok5 coa/ l9e2 to ! we/1 a gr& panorama ( m\nta9 & valley1 all d5sely wood$--! home ( be>1 & de]1 & c>ib\2 to ! nor?1 a =egr\nd ( r$ cliffs & blue wat]1 &1 9 ! di/ance1 ,gasp2 to ! ea/1 ! app>5tly limitless gulf &1 seem+ly b5ea? "o1 ,bonav5ture ,isl&1 ,p]c1 & ! ,rock4 ,x 0 a view to rememb]2 "o1 ,i tru/1 ,i may be privileg$ to behold aga94 ,i long$ = "t to explore ! surr\nd+ woods1 b ,bonav5ture ) its ,gannets wield$ a /rong] fasc9ation1 & two days aft] our arrival we *>t]$ a cod boat1 ) its crew1 = ! voyage to ! ,gannet rook]ies on ! ea/]n side ( ,bonav5ture1 di/ant ab\t f\r miles4 ,! evid5t great /r5g? ( our craft 9 proportion to its size made x seem l a /unt$ vessel1 & h] capta9 & ! crew1 ( "o man1 seem$ built on ! same l9es4 ,dur+ ! w9t] !y 7 lumb]m5 9 ! region nor? ( ,ottawa1 9 ! summ] codfi%]s4 ,x is d\btful if !y c\ld h select$ occupations requir+ great] endurance4 ,!y seem$ z t\gh z ra:ide1 & z r\gh z pirates4 ,my good assi/ant !y inv>iably spoke ( z 8! woman10 b bo? prov$ true m5 at he>t1 & z solicit\s = our welf>e z ?\gh _! own lives ( exposure _h n tra9$ !m to laugh at h>d%ip4 ,i may seem to give undue att5tion to ! boatm5 ( a day2 b !re are days & days 9 our lives1 & ) nei!r my companion nor myself w "t dim ! memory ( ! day (f ,bonav5ture4 ,!re _h be5 a heavy bl[ f ! ea/ ! night be=e1 ! tide 0 ebb+1 & ere we _h pass$ ! ,rock1 & :ile /ill "u ! lee ( ,bonav5ture1 our boat began to toss 9 a v disquiet+ mann]4 ,z we r\nd$ ! s\?we/ end ( ,bonav5ture we 7 m expos$ to ! action ( ! waves1 b my physical balance 0 su/a9$ by ! anticipation ( see+ 8two1 tree million ( bird10 :i* ! m5 decl>$ w\ld soon be visible on ! cliffs4 ,! f>!r we advanc$ ! less %elt] _h we f ! l&1 & f9ally1 pass+ ! nor?we/ end ( ! isl&1 we 7 at ! m]cy ( ! full =ce ( a long roll+ sea1 :i* made x impossible to /&1 or ev5 sit1 )\t cl++ to "o's surr\nd+s4 ,at ?is po9t1 ,i believe1 ! promise ( ! mo/ wond]ful sight 9 ! bird _w w\ld n h induc$ me to cont9ue on our c\rse ano!r m9ute2 b =tunately no promise 0 requir$1 ! sight itself exi/$1 & "u its inspiration ,i battl$ ) weak nature = ! next half h\r ) a c\rage born ( en?usiasm & a desire to picture ! wond]s ( ! sc5e be=e me4 ,illu/ration3 #ge4 ,! ,gannet cliffs ( ,bonav5ture4 ,on ! l$ges ( ! r$ s&/one cliffs1 :i* rose %e] ?ree hundr$ feet above ! waves at _! base1 0 r[ aft] r[ ( sn[-:ite ,gannets on _! ne/s4#ge ,_! numb] 0 incr$ible1 & z we coa/$ sl[ly onw>d1 ! r$ walls above u 7 /reak$ ) :ite z f> z "o c\ld see 9 ei!r direction1 & ! ho>se cries ( ! birds rose 9 *orus above ! s\nd ( ! beat+ waves4 ,x 0 a wild picture1 :i* ! maje/y ( ! cliffs & ! gr&eur ( ! sea r5d]$ exce$+ly impressive4 ,h[ ,i long$ = ! int]nal composure ( my boatm56 ,"o mom5t ,i b[$ to ! waves1 ! next propp$ myself aga9/ ! ma/ &1 held by ! capta91 attempt$ to use ! tw9-l5s cam]a4 ,wat]1 cliff1 & sky danc$ across ! gr\nd glass 9 bewild]+ succession1 z1 l a w+-%ot1 ,i squeez$ my pneumatic bulb & snapp$ at ! jump+ sky l9e4 ,"o or two exposures 7 foll[$ by collapse1 & 9 "t by p>tial recup]ation1 :i* p]mitt$ fre% ef=ts4 ,9 ! picture pres5t$ ! cliff is well %[n1 b ! birds are n s num]\s z 9 o!rs less successful photographically4 ,& dur+ ?is "t h[ f>$ my assi/ant8 ,*>ity =bids a reply4 ,i w only say t1 9 response to a hail f a pass+ fi%]man1 our capta9 %\t$1 8,son malade60 ,! supply ( #e #g plates exhau/$1 we came ab\t1 & sail+ be=e ! w9d quickly rea*$ ! leew>d side ( ! isl&1 :]e1 "u ! reviv+ influ5ce ( calm] wat]1 we det]m9$ to revisit ! ,gannets1 ?is "t1 h[ev]1 by l&4 ,disemb>k+ at ! fi%+ village1 :i* is situat$ on ! we/ side ( ,bonav5ture1 we 7 soon 9 ! spruce & balsam =e/s1 :i* occupy all b ! bord]s ( ! isl&1 "h ab\t a mile & a half 9 wid?4 ,! *ange f ! turmoil & va/ness ( ! sea to ! quiet & seclusion ( ! =e/ made ! previ\s h\r's exp]i5ce seem di/ant & unreal4 ,! w9d :i* _h ro>$ ?r\gh our rigg+ n[ brea!d peacefully ?r\gh ! tree tops2 ! heav+1 fro?y sea 0 replac$ by /able e>?1 wondr\sly c>pet$ ) sn[-:ite cornel & da9ty tw9-fl[]s2#gf in/ead ( ! h>% cries ( ! ,gannets1 we he>d ! ,ave ,m>ia ( ! ,:ite-?roat$ ,sp>r[4 ,r>ely h ! woods seem$ s beautiful4 ,approa*+ ! ea/]n cliffs1 ! trees became dw>f$ & s+ul>ly mal=m$ by ! w9ds4 ,f9ally !y disappe>$ altoge!r1 & 7 succe$$ by fields blue ) iris4 ,nev] h ,i se5 ?is plant s abundant4 ,!re 7 acres ( fl[]s rea*+ to ! v edge ( ! cliffs1 :]e1 ) only a *ange 9 ! t9t1 ! blue ( ! iris fad$ into ! blue ( ! sea4 ,illu/ration3 #gf4 ,cornel or bun*b]ry4 ,we 7 n[ ne>+ ! ,gannets2 desir+ to secure a picture ( a fully occupi$ l$ge1 ,i urg$ due caution1 & advanc$ quietly to ! edge ( ! cliff4 ,! po9t 0 well *os5--almo/ directly b5ea? u1 & ab\t halfway d[n to ! sea1 !re be+ a broad1 rocky %elf s ?ickly dott$ ) ne/+ ,gannets t e bird 9 ! gr\p 0 )9 rea* ( 8 imm$iately surr\nd+ fell[s4#gg ,x 0 an a/oni%+ picture ( bird life1 b only a fragm5t ( :at we _h beheld f ! sea4 ,"u ! circum/ances1 h[ev]1 ?is fragm5t br\ght m satisfaction ?an _h be5 be=e receiv$ f ! entire ,gannet colony4 ,! #d #e 8,premo0 0 n[ erect$1 c>e be+ tak5 to make no move :i* w\ld al>m ! birds1 & sev]al exposures 7 made at leisure4 ,!n *ang+ ! l5s to an old 8,h5ry ,clay10 & atta*+ sev]al ela/ics to ! %utt]1 ,i prep>$ to make a flight picture ( ! birds z1 at ! report ( my gun1 !y left _! ne/s4 ,all ready1 ,i took firm hold ( ! bulb & gave ! ^w to ! capta9 to fire4 ,! result may fairly be call$ a failure4 ,z f> z we c\ld det]m9e1 ! birds gave no evid5ce ( he>+ ! %ot or ! o!rs :i* foll[$1 & our be/ ef=ts did n succe$ 9 mak+ a s+le ,gannet leave its ne/4 ,l ,d>w9's ,hawk & ,moseley's ,p5gu9s1 ^! birds seem$ happily ignorant ( man & 8 ways4 ,"o c\ld d\btless desc5d to _! l$ge )\t caus+ !m to leave x4 ,illu/ration3 #gg4 ,a l$ge ( ne/+ ,gannets4 ,ab\t f\r hundr$ birds are %[n 9 ?is picture4 ,x is conceivable t ! we>+ ( ,gannets' heads1 or feet1 or w+s may "s day become fa%ionable1 b unless ! dem& be urg5t & ! price suffici5t to tempt m5 to risk _! lives1 ! ,gannets w long cont9ue to ne/ on ! cliffs ( ,bonav5ture4 ,,! ,,magdal5s ,f ,p]c to ! ,magdal5s by sea is ab\t a hundr$ & tw5ty miles1 b lack+ a prop] vessel we 7 =c$ to return to ,dalh\sie & !re take ! ,int]national ,railroad to ,pict\1 :]e a weekly /eam] leaves = ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl& & ! 8,madal5es10 z ! natives call !m4 ,! j\rney is possess$ ( bo? pres5t & hi/oric int]e/1 & ! hospitality = :i* ! resid5ts ( ,pict\ are not$ assures "o ( a pleasant /ay 9 _! picturesque little t[n4 ,"h ,i met a vet]an orni?ologi/--,james ,mc,kinlay--:o1 al?\gh ov] ?reescore & t5 & isolat$ f o!rs ( k9dr$ ta/es1 /ill possesses ! en?usiasm ( ! g5u9e naturali/4 ,8 collection1 ! great] "p ( :i* he has pres5t$ to ! ,pict\ ,academy1 conta9s1 among o!r birds1 a ,br[n ,pelican1 a ,corncrake1 & a ,*uck-w's-wid[--all %ot 9 ! vic9ity4 ,! ,magdal5 /eam] is nei!r a ya*t nor an ocean greyh\nd1 b answ]s v well = ! %ort voyage ( a hundr$ & fifty miles across ! gulf4 ,pict\ 0 left at noon1 & ! foll[+ morn+ we awak5$ to f9d ! /eam] at an*or (f an isl& ) r$ s&/one cliffs1 & gre5 fields ris+ g5tly into hills clad ) /unt$ spruce =e/s4 ,?is 0 at ! s\!rn end ( ! long s& b> :i* jo9s ^! s-call$ isl&s2 & our de/9ation1 ,gr& ,entry1 ne> ! nor!rn end ( ! *a91 0 rea*$ late 9 ! aft]noon4 ,at ?is po9t we emb>k$ 9 a small sailboat1 & 9 a driv+ ra9/orm flew be=e ! w9d across a bay two miles 9 wid?1 & up an arm a mile or s 9 l5g?1 to ! settlem5t ( ,grosse ,isle1 on ! isl& ( ! same "n4 ,! tide 0 out2 ,black-back$ ,gulls 7 fe$+ on ! flats1 & ,gannets fi%+ 9 ! deep] wat]2 ,guillemots rose be=e ! boat2 a seal %[$ itself = a mom5t & disappe>$--mov+ figures 9 a picture :i* impress$ itself v vividly on my memory4 ,a l&+ 0 made ) difficulty1 & a walk ( ne>ly a mile ?r\gh ! scrubby spruces br\ght u to ! home ( ! fi%] folk1 :o _h agre$ to take u 94 ,if ,p]c is isolat$1 ,grosse ,isle is 9 ano!r sph]e4 ,ev5 ! weekly /eam] :i* plies betwe5 ,pict\ & ! ,magdal5s f ,may to ,novemb] comes no ne>] ?an ,gr& ,entry1 & its arrival seem$ a r vague incid5t1 made real only by ! appe>ance ( mail4 ,! lob/] season _h j clos$1 ! 8pots0 7 pil$ 9 heaps on ! bea*es1 & mack]el fi%+ 0 n[ ! presumable indu/ry ( ! male population ( ,grosse ,isle4 ,b few fi% 7 runn+1 & ea* day boat aft] boat ( glum-look+ m5 came 9 f ! sea ) (t5 only a few cod to %[ = _! labor4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 midsumm]1 & ! ,grosse ,isle 8season0 0 9 full sw+4 ,!re 0 a s*ool picnic "o day2 on ano!r1 s]vice 0 held 9 ! little :ite *ur* on ! hillside2 b1 z ,i consid]$ ! dea?like quiet :i*1 z a rule1 reign$ 9 ! village1 ,i wond]$ :at life mu/ be !re 9 w9t]4 ,!n ! entire ,magdal5 gr\p is froz5 9 a sea ( ice1 :i* r5d]s communication ) ! ma9l& 7except by cable1 g5]ally out ( repair7 impossible4 ,:5 ! ice breaks 9 ! spr+1 seals appe> & furni% a haz>d\s occupation to ^? :o are v5turesome en\gh to g 9 pursuit ( !m--a =m ( sport :i* ,i imag9e is eag]ly welcom$ aft] ! le?>gy ( w9t]4 ,) u ! ,magdal5s 7 only a /epp+-/one to ,bird ,rock1 b :ile prep>+ = ! cont9uation ( our j\rney to t po9t we took "s note ( our surr\nd+s4 ,illu/ration3 #gh4 ,ne/ & eggs ( ,fox ,sp>r[4 ,! ,magdal5s h an int]e/+ avifauna1 b x 0 n[ ! latt] half ( ,july & ! song season ( mo/ species 0 ov]4 ,fox ,sp>r[s1 h[ev]1 7 /ill s++1 & _! cle>1 r++ :i/le came f ! spruces all ab\t4 ,! fogs1 s *>act]i/ic ( ! region1 seem$ 9 no way to damp5 _! spirits1 & :5 ! gray mi/s clos$ 9 ?ick ab\t u _! notes rang out z *e]ily z ?\gh ! sun %one f a blue sky4 ,my %ort excursions1 h[ev]1 7 l>gely made along ! bea*es 9 se>* ( "s sea waif1 & = ! %ore birds t w\ld soon migrate ?r\gh ^! isl&s 9 l>ge numb]s1 or to ! cliffs :]e ! ,guillemots 7 ne/+4 ,! latt] 7 comp>ative /rang]s to me1 & ,i _h n become accu/om$ to ! plump1 black1 :ite-w+$1 little birds t sat s lightly on ! wat]4 ,!y ne/ 9 scatt]$ pairs1 9 crevices1 9 ! face ( ! cliffs1 :]e my guide1 ,mr4 ,%elb\rne1 a resid5t collector1 0 p>ticul>ly apt at discov]+ !m4 ,grosse ,isle is n beyond ! range ( ! ne/robb+ small boy1 & only ! few ,guillemots t _h contriv$ to escape him n[ _h "y4 ,!y 7 fe$+ !m on s& eels1 & ) bills full ( _! %9+ prey made frequ5t visits to _! ne/s4 ,! "y v>i$ 9 developm5t f ^? z yet cov]$ only ) ! scanty natal d[n to o!rs half gr[n & ) ! black & :ite second plumage appe>+ b5ea?4 ,!y 7 active en\gh to te/ ! temp] ( ! mo/ pati5t bird photograph]1 & ! accompany+ picture 0 secur$ only aft] _m trials4#gi ,illu/ration3 #gi4 ,"y ,guillemots4 ,9 ! meantime we 7 endeavor+ to make "s arrangem5ts = our voyage to ! ,rock1 :i* on cle> days c\ld be se5 f ! tops ( ! high] hills--a hazy dot 9 ! sea4 ,imag9ation peopl$ ! view ) ,c>ti]1 ,audubon1 & 8 successors1 & ,i c\ld sc>cely believe t ! sc5e ( ! wond]s !y _h describ$ 0 actually on my horizon4 ,b1 al?\gh only tw5ty miles away1 ,bird ,rock n[ seem$ m di/ant ?an be=e we _h tak5 ! fir/ /ep ( our j\rney4 ,?is 9 a measure is due to ! unc]ta9ty ( gulf wea!r1 ! /rong tides1 ! sudd5 & sev]e squalls1 ! preval5ce ( fogs1 & ! surpris+ rapidity ) :i* ! latt] *ange a sunlit horizon to closely cr[d+ gray walls--all ( :i* make navigation 9 ^! wat]s m ?an usually dang]\s4 ,fur!rmore1 x is to be rememb]$ t ,bird ,rock is n a port 9 :i* "o c\ld seek safety f a /orm1 b a spot to be approa*$ only 9 ! calme/ wea!r4 ,"o might !re=e />t = ! ,rock "u ! mo/ favorable conditions1 be caught 9 a squall &1 z a result1 f9d "o's self at sea ) ! rec5tly desir$ hav5 *ang$ to an elem5t ( dang]4 ,) ! ,rock glimm]+ 9 ! sunlight & app>5tly almo/ )9 rea*1 x 0 n easy to believe tales ( disa/] :i* _h befall5 ^? :o 9 small boats _h attempt$ to rea* x1 & ,i 0 m impress$ ) its inaccessibility by ! fact t only "o ( ! _m fi%]m5 ) :om ,i talk$1 _h ev] l&$ on ?is inhospitable resort ( sea birds4 ,?is man prov$ a fri5d 9 ne$--"o ,capta9 ,hubb>d ,tak]1 ( ! ?irty-ton s*oon] ,sea ,gem4 ,i comm5d him to e visitor to ! ,magdal5s z a man & a sailor4 ,x 0 :5 ! difficulties ( rea*+ ! ,rock by small boat appe>$ insurm\ntable t ,capta9 ,tak] return$ f a fi%+ trip to ! ,labrador coa/4 ,he prov$ to be "o ( ^? r>e b exce$+ly satisfactory individuals ) :om any?+ is possible1 or at lea/ :o believes x is until ! contr>y is %[n4 ,c\ld he take u to ,bird ,rock8 8,:y1 ( c\rse2 & :5ev] y are ready40 ,s )\t delay we bo>d$ ! ,sea ,gem4 ,,bird ,,rock ,if z a result ( a conf]5ce betwe5 ! birds & ! ,audubon ,society a home 7 to be select$ :i* %\ld prove a secure retreat = c]ta9 ( ! fea!r$ k9d1 ,i imag9e t ,bird ,rock1 9 its primal condition1 w\ld h admirably fill$ ! requirem5ts set =? by bo? conf]ees4 ,) precipit\s1 rocky walls wea!r$ into innum]able l$ges1 %elves1 & crevices--all fit ne/+ sites--"o might ?9k ( x z a colossal lodg+ h\se = ! c\ntless sea-bird t5ants :o f9d "h n only a suitable place = ! reproduction ( _! "y1 b 9 ! surr\nd+ wat]s an abundant & unfail+ supply ( food4 ,add to ^! conditions ! ,rock's isolation & inaccessibility1 its %oreless outl9e1 & ! difficulty ) :i* x may be asc5d$1 & we h inde$ an ideal refuge = sea f[l1 "o 9 :i*1 unless !y 7 subject$ to special p]secution1 !y might h cont9u$ to exi/ = c5turies1 _h n ! trans=m+ influ5ces ( civilization rea*$ ev5 to ?is isle ( ! sea4 ,bird ,rock is ab\t fifty miles nor?we/ ( ,cape ,breton1 ! ne>e/ ma9l&1 & twelve ea/ ( ,bryon ,isl&1 its next neighbor 9 ! ,magdal5 gr\p1 to :i* x belongs4 ,x is ?ree hundr$ & fifty y>ds long1 f fifty to "o hundr$ & =ty y>ds wide1 & rises abruptly f ! sea to a height ( f eighty to "o hundr$ & =ty feet4 ,its outl9e1 ! nature ( its base1 sides1 & summit are well indicat$ by ! accompany+ pictures4 ,illu/ration3 #hj4 ,bird ,rock f ! s\?we/2 di/ant ab\t "o half a mile4 ,?ree qu>t]s ( a mile nor!a/ ( ,bird ,rock1 or ,great ,bird1 z x is m specifically call$1 lies ,little ,bird1 a r$ s&/one rock :i* at high tide1 or f a di/ance1 appe>s z two4 ,! %all[ wat] betwe5 ,great & ,little ,birds sugge/s ! possibility ( a pa/ connection & ! probability t 9 "s future geological age ! waves w h complet$ _! "w ( de/ruction1 :5 bo? isl&s w h disappe>$4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! bird-inhabit$ isl&s is int]e/+1 & gives u "s in=mation ( ! *anges :i* man has wr\ght 9 _! bird life4 ,x beg9s ) ! acc\nt giv5 by ,jacques ,c>ti] ( 8 voyage to ,canada 9 #aecd4 ,( ! ,bird ,rocks he wrote3 8,we came to ?ree isl&s1 two ( :i* are z /eep & upright z any wall1 s t x 0 n possible to climb !m1 & betwe5 !m is a little rock4 ,^! isl&s 7 z full ( birds z any mead[ is ( grass1 :i* !re d make _! ne/s1 & 9 ! greate/ ( !m !re 0 a great & inf9ite numb] ( ^? t we call$ ,m>gaulx1 t are :ite & bigg] ?an any geese1 :i* 7 sev]$ 9 "o "p4 ,9 ! o!r 7 only ,godetz1 b t[>d ! %ore !re 7 ( ^? ,godetz & great ,apponatz1 l to ^? ( t isl& t we above h m5tion$4 ,we w5t d[n to ! l[e/ "p ( ! lea/ isl&1 :]e we kill$ above a ?\s& ( ^? ,godetz & ,apponatz4 ,we put into our boats z _m z we pleas$1 = 9 less ?an "o h\r we might h fill$ ?irty su* boats ( !m4 ,we nam$ !m ! isl&s ( ! ,m>gaulx40 ,conc]n+ ?is quotation ,mr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,lucas rem>ks 7,! ,auk1 v1 #ahhh1 page #abi73 8,:ile ?is description1 z well z ! s5t5ces :i* imm$iately prec$e x1 conta9s "s /atem5ts t app>5tly are at v>iance ) exi/+ facts1 !re is nev]!less good reason to believe t ,c>ti] "h ref]s to ! ,bird ,rocks 9 ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,! birds call$ ,m>gaulx1 :i* bite ev5 z dogs1 7 ,gannets1 ^: desc5dants1 9 spite ( c5turies ( p]secution1 are to be f\nd to-day ne/+ :]e _! ance/ors did be=e !m4 8,t ,c>ti]'s description does n accord ) _! pres5t appe>ance is n to be wond]$ at4 ,! mat]ial ( :i* !y are compos$ is ( a s(t1 decompos+1 r$ s&/one t succumbs s easily to ! incessant attacks ( ! sea t ,dr4 ,bryant's description ( !m 9 #ahfj does n hold good to-day4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,bird ,rocks h und]gone visible *anges 9 tw5ty-five ye>s1 x is easy to imag9e h[ great alt]ations ! islets may h und]gone dur+ ?ree & a qu>t] c5turies40 ,exam9ation ( ! n>ratives left by o!r e>ly voyag]s 9 ?is region w\ld yield fur!r in=mation conc]n+ ! ,rocks & ! de/ruction ( its inhabitants2 b pass+ to records ( great] orni?ological value1 we f9d t ,audubon1 ^: en]gy 9 exploration no orni?ologi/ has ev] surpass$1 0 ! fir/ naturali/ behold+ ,bird ,rock to leave u a description ( its wond]s4 ,x 0 dur+ 8 cruise to ,labrador 9 ! s*oon] ,ripley t he wrote 9 8 j\rnal1 "u date ( ,june #ad1 #ahcc1 ! foll[+ graphic acc\nt ( ! day's exp]i5ces3 ,illu/ration3 #ha4 ,nor? side ( ! ,rock1 we/ ( ! crane4 8,ab\t t5 a speck rose on ! horizon1 :i* ,i 0 told 0 ! ,rock4 ,we sail$ well1 ! breeze increas$ fa/1 & we ne>$ ?is object apace4 ,at elev5 ,i c\ld di/+ui% its top pla9ly f ! deck1 & ?\ght x cov]$ ) sn[ to ! dep? ( sev]al feet2 ?is appe>ance exi/$ on e portion ( ! flat1 project+ %elves4 ,godw9 said1 ) ! coolness ( a man :o _h visit$ ?is ,rock = t5 successive seasons1 t :at we saw 0 n sn[1 b ,gannets4 ,i rubb$ my eyes1 took my spyglass1 & 9 an in/ant ! /range/ picture /ood be=e me4 ,!y 7 birds we saw--a mass ( birds ( su* a size z ,i nev] be=e ca/ my eyes on4 ,! :ole ( my p>ty /ood a/\nd$ & amaz$1 & all came to ! conclusion t su* a sight 0 ( itself suffici5t to invite any "o to come across ! gulf to view x at ?is season4 ,! ne>] we approa*$ ! great] our surprise at ! enorm\s numb] ( ^! birds1 all calmly seat$ on _! eggs or newly hat*$ brood1 _! heads all turn$ to w9dw>d & t[>d u4 ,! air above = a hundr$ y>ds1 & = "s di/ance ar\nd ! :ole ,rock1 0 fill$ ) ,gannets on ! w+1 :i*1 f our position1 made x appe> z if a heavy fall ( sn[ 0 directly above u40 7,audubon & 8 ,j\rnals1 i1 p4 #cfj47 ,f 8 pilot1 ,godw91 ,audubon secur$ "s in=mation conc]n+ ! ,gannets t !n ne/$ on ! top ( ! ,rock4 ,he writes3 8,! :ole surface is p]fectly cov]$ ) ne/s1 plac$ ab\t two feet ap>t1 9 su* regul> ord] t y may look ?r\gh ! l9es z y w\ld look ?r\gh ^? ( a plant$ pat* ( sweet potatoes or cabbages4 ,! fi%]m5 :o kill ^! birds to get _! fle% = codfi% bait asc5d 9 p>ties ( six or eight1 arm$ ) clubs2 sometimes1 inde$1 ! p>ty comprises ! crews ( sev]al vessels4 ,z !y rea* ! top1 ! birds1 al>m$1 rise ) a noise l ?und]1 & fly (f 9 su* a hurri$1 fe>ful confusion z to ?r[ ea* o!r d[n1 (t5 fall+ on ea* o!r until !re is a bank ( !m _m feet high4 ,! m5 /rike !m d[n & kill !m until fatigu$ or satisfi$4 ,five hundr$ & =ty h be5 ?us murd]$ 9 "o h\r by six m54 ,! birds are sk9n$ ) little c>e1 & ! fle% cut (f 9 *unks2 x w keep fre% ab\t a =tnight4 ,s great is ! de/ruction ( ^! birds annually t _! fle% supplies ! bait = upw>d ( =ty fi%+ boats :i* lie close to ,bryon ,isl&1 ea* summ]40 ,?is slaught] 0 evid5tly att5d$ by "s dang]1 = n only did ! sitt+ birds bite vici\sly1 b old fi%]m5 9 ! ,magdal5s /ate t if ! invad] ( ! ,gannets' doma9 on ! summit ( ! ,rock %\ld h happ5$ to be caught 9 a ru% ( /amp$$ birds1 he c\ld ) difficulty h avoid$ be+ c>ri$ (f ! edge ( ! cliff4 ,9 conclud+ 8 description ( ! ,rock1 ,audubon says3 8,no man :o has n se5 :at we h ?is day c =m ! lea/ idea ( ! impression ! sight made on our m9ds40 ,"o ne$ n be a naturali/1 !re=e1 to realize ! dep? ( 8 disappo9tm5t :5 ! pilot told him t ! w9d 0 too high to p]mit !m to l& on ! ,rock4 ,h[ev]1 !y did n leave )\t at lea/ mak+ an attempt4 ,a boat 0 laun*$1 mann$ by ! pilot1 two sailors1 ,audubon's son ,john1 & ,tom ,l9coln1 = :om ,l9coln's ,f9*1 discov]$ subsequ5tly 9 ,labrador1 0 nam$2 b aft] an h\r's abs5ce !y return$ )\t hav+ made a l&+1 & ! increas+ =ce ( ! w9d compell$ !m to cont9ue _! voyage to ! nor?w>d4 ,app>5tly ! fir/ naturali/ to set foot on ,bird ,rock 0 ,dr4 ,h5ry ,bryant1 ( ,bo/on1 :o l&$ !re ,june #bc1 #ahfj4 ,?is 0 be=e ! days ( ! ligh?\se1 & ,dr4 ,bryant rea*$ ! top ( ! ,rock only aft] a climb :i* he *>act]izes z bo? 8difficult & dang]\s40 ,9 addition to ! ,gannets1 :i* he f\nd re/+ on ! l$ges on ! face ( ! ,rock1 he f\nd ^! birds ne/+ ov] ! entire nor!rly half ( ! summit1 & aft] measur+ ! surface occupi$ by !m1 he e/imat$ t ?is "o colony alone conta9$ no less ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& birds1 :ile ! numb] liv+ on ! sides ( ! ,rock & ,little ,bird he plac$ at fifty ?\s&4 ,! position ( ! ,rock1 at ! gateway to ,canadian ports1 makes x p>ticul>ly dang]\s to vessels ply+ 9 ^! wat]s1 & 9 #ahfi a ligh?\se 0 erect$ on its summit4 ,:ile con/ruct+ ! light keep]'s dwell+ & /oreh\ses1 ! ,gov]nm5t built two cranes--"o on ! nor!rly1 ! o!r on ! s\!rly side ( ! ,rock--= use 9 hoi/+ supplies4 ,!re are also n[ ?ree o!r places :]e by means ( ladd]s & ropes "o may asc5d4 ,! top ( ! ,rock 0 ?us made m accessible1 & ! birds 7 consequ5tly less protect$ f ! attacks ( fi%]m54 ,x is said1 also1 t ! light keep]s did n appreciate ! companion%ip ( ! ,gannets1 & made special ef=ts to drive ! birds f ! ne/+ site :i* !y s long _h held undi/urb$4 ,illu/ration3 #hb4 ,a corn] ( ! ,rock4 ,h5ce1 :5 ,mr4 ,c4 ,j4 ,mayn>d visit$ ! ,rock 9 #ahgb1 he f\nd t ! colony ( ,gannets on its summit conta9$ only five ?\s& birds1 :i*1 n9e ye>s lat]1 ,mr4 ,william ,brew/] reports _h decreas$ to fifty pairs4 ,mr4 ,brew/] also not$ a fre% cause = ! de/ruction ( ! eggs ( ! birds ne/+ on ! sides ( ! ,rock1 9 ! %ape ( a cannon :i* _h be5 introduc$ %ortly be=e 8 visit4 ,he writes3 8,at ea* dis*>ge ! fright5$ ,murres fly f ! ,rock 9 cl\ds1 ne>ly e sitt+ bird tak+ its egg into ! air betwe5 its ?ighs & dropp+ x aft] fly+ a few y>ds4 ,?is 0 repeat$ly obs]v$ dur+ our visit1 & m ?an once a p]fect %[] ( eggs fell into ! wat] ab\t our boat40 ,:ile ! birds h become comp>atively accu/om$ to ! report ( ! guncotton bomb1 :i* has succe$$ ! cannon1 l>ge numb]s /ill leave ! ,rock ea* "t a bomb is explod$1 s t x cont9ues to be a means ( de/roy+ n only eggs b "y birds1 :i* are c>ri$ (f ! n>r[ l$ges by ! precipit\s flight ( _! p>5ts4 ,s9ce t date 7#ahha7 ,cory1 ,lucas1 ,palm]1 ,bi%op1 & d\btless o!rs1 h visit$ ,bird ,rock1 b ) ! entire disappe>ance ( ! ,gannets f its summit no attempt has be5 made to e/imate ! fur!r decrease 9 ! numb] ( its fea!r$ inhabitants4 ,9 spite ( ! great dim9ution :i* ?is outl9e ( its hi/ory %[s to h occurr$ 9 ,bird ,rock's population1 ! casual obs]v] ( to-day w believe ) difficulty t x c\ld ev] h be5 m d5sely inhabit$4 ,x is /ill "o ( ! orni?ological wond]s ( our ,atlantic coa/1 &1 comp>atively speak+1 z well wor? visit+ z 9 ! "t ( ,audubon4 ,writ+ n[ 9 ! light ( exp]i5ce1 ,i anticipate a return to ,bird ,rock ) ev5 m en?usiasm ?an ,i felt :5 aft] ! disc\rag+ unc]ta9ties ( delay we bo>d$ ! ,sea ,gem on ! aft]noon ( ,july #bc;d1 & ) a fair w9d set sail = ,bryon1 :]e we 7 to an*or = ! night4 ,:at a /an*1 p[]ful vessel ! little s*oon] seem$ :5 comp>$ ) ! fi%+ boats 9 :i* we _h at fir/ prep>$ to make ! voyage6 ,inve/igation bel[1 h[ev]1 did n seem to (f] prospects ( undi/urb$ repose1 & rea*+ ,bryon late 9 ! aft]noon we decid$ to g a%ore & apply to ! isl&'s own] = a night's lodg+4 ,bryon ,isl&1 ) its sev]al ?\s& acres ( /unt$ spruce & balsam =e/s1 its roll+ pa/ure l&s & graz+ c[s & %eep1 its precipit\s r$ s&/one cliffs ris+ to a height ( two hundr$ feet f ! sea & furni%+ a home = a few ,murres & ,puff9s1 is ! prop]ty ( "o man1 :o pur*as$ x f ! ,gov]nm5t = a nom9al sum4 ,a lob/] cann]y furni%es employm5t = twoscore or m it9]ant fi%]m5 & labor]s1 :o aft] ! lob/]+ season ends 9 ,july rema9 = ! mack]el fi%+4 ,:5 !y h dep>t$ ! population ( ,bryon is r$uc$ to ab\t half a doz5 families1 ov] :om ! own] reigns supreme4 ,we l&$ at ! cann]y & w5d$ our way ov] a pa? ?r\gh ! /unt$ =e/s1 :i* at ! end ( a mile or m l$ u to ! mon>*'s home--a small frame h\se adjo9+ l>ge b>ns4 ,! rul] ( ,bryon prov$ to be abs5t 9 ! ,magdal5s1 b 8 wife made u bo? welcome & com=table4 ,we recall ) pleasure ! night pass$ b5ea? h] ro(1 & ! magnific5t view ( ! sett+ sun f ,bryon's r$ cliffs4 ,we awoke 9 ! cl\ds1 gulf cl\ds1 :i* s (t5 9 swift-spread+ banks envelop bo? sea & l& 9 ?is region4 ,x 0 t5 o'clock be=e ! sun c\ld =ce its way ?r\gh !m1 & :5 we return$ to ! ,sea ,gem we f\nd ! capta9 impati5t at our t>d9ess4 ,we expla9$ t ( c\rse we did n suppose t he w\ld c>e to />t 9 s d5se a fog1 b he laugh$ at u4 8,fog60 ,:at _h fog to d ) sail+ :5 ! w9d 0 favorable8 ,lat] he gave u an exhibition ( seaman%ip 9 a fog :i* deeply engrav$ ! "n ( ,capta9 ,tak] on our memories4 ,h[ev]1 ! w9d /ill held f ! "r qu>t] n only = ! run to ! ,rock1 b = a l&+ on its "o bit ( bea*1 & we quickly hoi/$ sail = ?is la/ /age ( a long j\rney4 ,= two h\rs we wat*$ ! ,rock gr[ sl[ly l>g]1 !n its outl9es m rapidly assum$ individuality1 ! ligh?\se & o!r build+s on its summit took def9ite =m1 its rocky l$ges 7 se5 to be l9$ ) r[s ( :ite ,gannets1 & ,bird ,rock became = u a reality4 ,! /orm ( circl+ birds :i* ,audubon describ$ is n to be se5 to-day1 b en\gh are left to quickly exhau/ our /ock ( adjectives4 ,a ,briti% flag 0 display$ f ! tall /aff ne> ! ligh?\se4 ,if x _h be5 m>k$ ) />s & b>s x w\ld h look$ less l a signal set z a greet+ f ! isl&'s keep] to 8 unkn[n gue/s4 ,a figure on ! rock n[ vigor\sly motion$ u t[>d its only l&+ place1 & heav+ to ! s*oon] we dropp$ a dory ov]bo>d & s5t ,capta9 ,tak] a%ore z our emiss>y to treat ) ! repres5tative ( ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t1 & expla9 to him t ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( 8 *ief1 ! ,hon4 ,j4 ,u4 ,gregory1 we 7 emp[]$ to invade ! t]ritory "u 8 control4 ,at ! end ( half an h\r a l>ge dory1 mann$ by two o>sm51 appe>$ f beh9d ! ,rock & head$ = ! s*oon]4 ,9 ! /]n 0 ,capta9 ,tak]1 9 ! b[ a /rang] ^: face 0 eloqu5t ) an unspok5 welcome4 ,?is 0 ,keep] ,capta9 ,pet] ,b\rque4 ,if we _h be5 at ! head ( ! ,ligh?\se ,bo>d itself1 he c\ld n h receiv$ u m cordially4 ,:at a hung] he _h = news6 ,ne>ly two mon?s _h elaps$ s9ce he _h he>d f ! _w--mon?s ri* ) ! hi/ory ( ! defeat ( ,c]v]a & surr5d] ( ,santiago4 ,illu/ration3 #hc4 ,! l&+ at ! base ( ! ,rock1 %[+ crate4 ,illu/ration3 #hd4 ,! l&+ on top ( ! ,rock1 %[+ crane4 ,! ,kittiwakes at ! bottom ( ! picture are %[n 9 ,no4 #he4 ,our outfit 0 spe$ily plac$ 9 ! dory1 & ) ! ,rock & its birds n[ loom+ high above u1 we pull$ = ! bit ( rock-fr+$ bea* :i* con/itutes ! only available l&+ place4 ,x 0 already evid5t t ! isl& (f]$ endless opportunities to ! bird photograph]1 & z ea* /roke ( ! o>s br\ght u ne>] ,i felt a s5se ( exultation1 su* p]haps z a m9] exp]i5ces :5 he discov]s t 8 claim promises an assur$ =tune4 ,! boat 0 bea*$ ) a ru%1 & l&+ at ! base ( ! cliff1#hc :i* rose l a wall some:at ov] "o hundr$ feet above u "o c\ld realize ! dang] att5d+ an attempt to l& "h 9 any?+ b ! calme/ wea!r4 ,we 7 n[ introduc$ to ! c> or basket 9 :i* we 7 to make actually ! f9al /age ( our j\rney4 ,x seem$ a frail1 cratelike affair ( light /rips ( wood1 & measur$ ab\t two & a half feet squ>e & ?ree feet high4 ,aft] our cam]as1 plates1 gun1 ammunition1 etc41 _h be5 snugly /[$1 we obey$ ! direction to ent] ! crate & take seats on bits ( bo>d plac$ across opposite corn]s4 ,! end ( ! long1 dangl+ rope 0 atta*$1 9 response to ,capta9 ,b\rque's ro>+ 8,hoi/ away60 a fa9t reply came f ! t9y figure :i* 9 a sick5+ way _h be5 lean+ ov] ! edge ( ! rock above1 wat*+ our proce$+s1 & a mom5t lat] ! rope tight5$1 /ra9$1 & we 7 cle> ( ! gr\nd & sl[ly ris+4 ,a long exp]i5ce 9 elevators _h made me anticipate ?is "p ( ! ,bird ,rock j\rney )\t conc]n1 b ! in/ant aft] ! asc5t began ,i discov]$ t we 7 n only go+ up b ar\nd z well1 & ! twi/+ motion 0 s novel1 s unlike any?+ to :i* ,i _h previ\sly be5 accu/om$1 t ,i confess to a feel+ ( surprise1 to say ! lea/4 ,! sudd5 j>s1 z ! rope 9 w9d+ slipp$ (f ! prec$+ coil & dropp$ sudd5ly1 p]haps an in*1 gave u a suffici5tly cle> idea ( ! feel+s :i* w\ld att5d ! beg9n+ ( a fall1 & x 0 ) a decid$ s5se ( hav+ _h a n>r[ escape t1 on be+ hoi/$ slightly above ! level ( ! summit ( ! ,rock1 we saw ! arm ( ! crane#hd pull$ inw>d1 br++ ! crate ov] ! l&1 to :i* we 7 g5tly l[]$4 ,! tw5ty ye>s :i* h elaps$ s9ce ,cory visit$ ! ,rock h r$uc$ ! "t requir$ = ! asc5t f tw5ty-sev5 to six m9utes4 ,! _w moves1 !re=e1 ev5 at ,bird ,rock4 ,to a naturali/ ?is sl[ passage ?r\gh ! air1 ab\t six feet f l$ge aft] l$ge1 crevice above crevice1 fill$ ) ,kittiwakes1#he ,murres1 & ,razorbills1 ) great :ite banks ( sn[y ,gannets on ei!r side1 possesses an almo/ /upefy+ fasc9ation4 ,! birds 7 s abundant & %[$ su* entire lack ( fe>1 ,i seem$ to h rea*$1 if n ! he>t1 at lea/ "o ( ! mo/ important c5t]s ( ! bird _w4 ,alight+ f ! crate1 we 7 greet$ by ,mr4 ,b\rque's two assi/ants & 8 daught]1 a girl ( sixte51 :o1 ) a ?ird assi/ant1 n[ abs5t on leave1 complet$ ! population ( ! isl&4 ,!re %\ld be add$1 h[ev]1 "o c[--an important memb] ( ! ,rock colony1 :o _h rea*$ h] elevat$ position 9 life by means ( ! same app>atus ) :i* we _h j gratefully p>t$ company4 ,num]\s build+s1#hf :i* we _h b>ely notic$ f ! sea1 7 f\nd to =m a m9iature village on ! grassy1 ne>ly level summit ( ! ,rock1 giv+ to ! sc5e an atmosph]e ( com=t & homel9ess :i* /rongly emphasiz$ "o's s5se ( isolation4 ,illu/ration3 #he4 ,kittiwakes & "y on ne/s4 ,f ! crate4 ,illu/ration3 #hf4 ,! ligh?\se1 keep]'s dwell+1 & o!r build+s4 ,! favorable light prevail+ at ! "t ( our arrival 0 f> too valuable to be us$ = any?+ b photography4 ,no soon]1 !re=e1 0 our luggage remov$ f ! crate ?an1 )\t wait+ to inspect our qu>t]s1 ,i made ready ! cam]as & plate-hold]s4 ,! latt]1 numb]+ tw5ty-"o1 furni%$ =ty-two glass plates4 ,i wi%$ = twice t numb] be=e ! day end$4 ,go+ to ! we/]n end ( ! ,rock1 n[ brightly illum9$ by ! aft]noon sun1 ,i f\nd t ! jutt+1 %aly l$ges p]mitt$ "o to desc5d easily1 & 9 a mom5t ,i 0 9 ! mid/ ( gr\ps#a ( ,puff9s1 ,razorbills1 ,brnni*'s & ,common ,murres1 :o app>5tly reg>d$ me ) z mu* surprise & int]e/ z ,i did !m1 & exhibit$ an a/oni%+ confid5ce 9 mank9d4 ,9 fact1 ,i 0 at times vigor\sly scold$ by "s ,murre p>5t1 :o waddl$ t[>d me1 bobb+ h] head1 & utt]+ a s]ies ( prote/+ murres 9 a tone s l t ( a bass-voic$ man1 ,i half expect$ a l>g] bip$ to appe>4 ,illu/ration3 #hg4 ,razorbill$ ,auks & 8,r+$0 ,murre4 #c4 ,! ,razorbills 7 fully z tame1 sometimes leav+ _! crevices 9 ! cliff &1 ) a ho>se croak1 almo/ fly+ 9 my face1 :ile ! ,puff9s exhibit$ a _s ( comb9$ indiff]5ce & indep5d5ce1 :i* pla9ly said1 8,?is ,rock is ours40 ,i sat d[n on a conv5i5t l$ge1 & z ! birds ga!r$ ab\t me 9 r[s & gr\ps on ! bord] ( ! cliff1 its l$ges & projections1 ,i seem$ almo/ to be on speak+ t]ms ) !m4 ,s unusual & pleas+ 0 ?is exp]i5ce ( hav+ birds admit me at once to ! inn] circles ( _! society t ,i felt z ?\gh ,i _h inde$ be5 initiat$ into _! ranks2 & my enjoym5t ( ! /range sc5e 0 height5$ t5fold by ! k t ,i c\ld satisfactorily record x4 ,s ,i prep>$ ! tw9-l5s--a cam]a exactly adapt$ to my pres5t ne$s--& at a di/ance ( tw5ty feet or !reab\ts load$ & fir$ z _m times z ,i pleas$1 ) ! birds none ! wis]1 & (f]+ me ea* mom5t "s new picture diff]+ 9 composition f ! la/4 ,"h 0 a triumph = ! bird photograph]4 ,:o s ne>ly c\ld h done ju/ice to ! subject8 ,! taxid]mi/8 ,"o %ot w\ld h brok5 ! spell8 ,! arti/8 ,^: p5cil c\ld compete ) ! l5s 9 ! conv9c+ realism ( its impression8 ,b z yet ,i _h se5 only a fragm5t ( ! ,rock4 ,climb+1 !re=e1 f l$ge to l$ge1 ,i rea*$ a corn] :]e an abrupt turn expos$ a great expanse ( p]p5dicul> wall s inaccessible to man t x _h become a favorite ne/+ site = ! birds4#hb ,"h 7 ga!r$ ,gannets1 ,murres1 ,razorbills1 & ,kittiwakes1 di/ribut$ s+ly or 9 r[s1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! %elves or l$ges on :i* !y 7 ne/+1 ! ,gannets tak+ ! wide/1 ! ,murres & ,kittiwakes ! n>r[e/ l$ges1 :ile ! ,razorbills s\ght ! m %elt]$ crevices4 ,:at noise & seem+ confusion 7 "h6 ,a nev]-ceas+ *orus 9 :i* ! l\d1 grat+ gor-r-r-rok1 gor-r-rrok ( ! ,gannets pr$om9at$1 :ile ! s+ul>ly human call ( ! ,murres & ! ho>se note ( ! ,razorbills =m$ an accompanim5t4 ,occasionally ! ,kittiwakes f\nd cause = excitem5t1 & hundr$s ( birds swoop$ d[nw>d f _! ne/s & circl$ ab\t1 call+ _! rapidly utt]$1 di/9ctly enunciat$ kt-ti-wake1 kt-ti-wake4 ,illu/ration3 #hh4 ,puff9s4 #b4 ,9 addition to ! great numb] ( birds re/+ or ne/+ on ! ,rock1 an endless procession ( ,gannets1 ,puff9s1 & ,razorbills 7 fly+ ar\nd1 b nev] ov] x4 ,unconsci\sly "o expect$ a pause 9 ?is :irl+ ?rong1 b al?\gh its numb]s fluctuat$1 birds 7 always pass+4 ,! exposure ( my la/ plate recall$ me to a s5se ( o!r duties1 & :5 ,i _h return$ to ! little gr\p ( build+s ) _! inhabitants1 ,i seem$ to h be5 9 ano!r sph]e4 ,my object 9 visit+ ,bird ,rock 0 n only to secure pictures ( its bird life1 b a c]ta9 numb] ( birds = ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 :]e x is propos$ to repres5t a portion ( ! ,rock ) its t5ants4 ,dur+ my abs5ce 9 ! _w ( birds my good assi/ant _h turn$ "o ( ! supply h\ses into a laboratory1 & 0 already at "w prep>+ specim5s ) :i* ! active ,%elb\rne & att5tive keep]s _h pl5tifully suppli$ h]4 ,a gun 0 necess>y only 9 secur+ ,gannets & ,kittiwakes1 ! ,murres & ,razorbills be+ caught 9 a dip-net by ! keep]s2 "o ( :om1 hav+ a rope ab\t 8 wai/ :i* 0 held by 8 associate1 advanc$ to ! edge ( ! cliff or 8cape10 z x is t]m$ locally1 & look$ cauti\sly ov] 9 que/ ( ! birds re/+ on ! l$ges imm$iately bel[4 ,hav+ le>n$ _! position ! net 0 ?ru/ quickly d[nw>d1 & ! birds1 9 attempt+ to escape1 (t5 flew directly into x & became entangl$ 9 its me%es4 ,puff9s 7 captur$ on _! ne/s 9 crevices 9 ! face ( ! ,rock or 9 ! holes !y _h burr[$ 9 ! e>? on ! top4 ,! latt] 7 sometimes %>$ ) ,lea*'s ,petrel1 :o also occupi$ small burr[s ( _! own4 ,! s*oon] _h dropp$ an*or ne> ! ,rock1 b ! w9d increas+ 9 /r5g?1 ,capta9 ,tak] set sail = ! lee ( ,bryon1 & at midnight1 :5 we conclud$ our day's "w1 !re 0 a promise ( a /ormy morr[1 :i* daylight fulfill$4 ,! w9d drove ! waves to ! rock-set base ( our islet ) t]rific =ce1 mak+ l&+ or dep>ture out ( ! "q4 ,we _h come j 9 "t4 ,! light prohibit$ successful photography1 & ! day 0 devot$ to collect+ & pres]v+ specim5s & explor+ ! ,rock4 ,illu/ration3 #hi4 ,murre's egg4 ,we _h arriv$ 9 ! height ( ! ne/+ season1 all ( ! sev5 species bre$+ on ! ,rock hav+ eggs & "y 9 v>i\s /ages ( developm5t4 ,x 0 evid5t1 h[ev]1 t ! numb] ( eggs & "y 0 small z comp>$ ) ! numb] ( adults1 a condition :i* 0 expla9$ by ,capta9 ,b\rque's /atem5t1 t he ?\ght ab\t five ?\s& eggs _h be5 tak5 f ! ,rock by fi%]m5 t ye>4 ,^! 7 ! eggs ( ,murres & ,razorbills1 ! =m] be+ ! mo/ abundant birds on ! ,rock4 ,bo? ! ,common & ,brnni*'s ,murre 7 pres5t1 b ,i am unable to say :i* 0 ! m num]\s4 ,!re 7 also a few ( ! s+ul>1 s-call$ 8,r+$0 ,murres1#hg a bird ^: /&+ is 9 d\bt1 "s orni?ologi/s reg>d+ x z a di/9ct species1 o!rs z an individual v>iety4 ,bo? species ( ,murre laid _! s+le peculi>ly m>k$ eggs on ! b>e %elves or l$ges 9 ! mo/ expos$ situations2#hi & see+ !m n[ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,nature1 ,i 0 q will+ to accept ! !ory :i* has be5 advanc$ to acc\nt = _! m>k$ly toplike or pe>like %ape4 ,a r\nd or elliptical egg1 laid 9 ! situations (t5 *os5 by ! ,murres1 w\ld1 :5 mov$ by ! w9d or incubat+ bird1 readily roll f its prec>i\s position1 b ! po9t$ egg ( ! ,murre :5 di/urb$ describes a circle ab\t its own end4 ,?us1 l a diplomat1 x seem+ly yields to sup]ior =ce :ile reta9+ its orig9al position4 ,! eggs v>y 9 color f gre5i% blue to buff1 & are /rik+ly scrawl$ & blot*$ ) %ades ( *ocolate4 ,no two are alike1 a fact :i* x is suppos$ may aid ! p>5t ,murre 9 di/+ui%+ h] own egg among ! doz5s ) :i* x may be plac$4 ,illu/ration3 #ij4 ,"y ,murres & egg4 ,! few eggs se5 7 d\btless laid by birds :i* _h be5 robb$ e>li] 9 ! season1 b "y 7 f\nd 9 e /age1 f ! newly hat*$ d[ny *ick1#ij :o sat on 8 n>r[ l$ge vigor\sly scree*+ = food1 to o!rs half gr[n & ) ! natal d[n almo/ entirely replac$ by ! fir/ w9t] plumage4 ,! p>5ts 7 /ill 9 att5dance on ! olde/ birds1 & no "y 7 se5 9 ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 #ia4 ,kittiwakes & "y on ne/4 ,f ! crate4 #b4 ,an enl>g$ detail ( ,no4 #he4 ,razorbills1 p]haps because ! ,rock conta9$ comp>atively few ( ! %elt]$ nooks !y require = ne/+ sites1 7 less abundant ?an ,murres4 ,_! d[ny "y 7 mu* light] 9 color ?an ! "y ( ! ,murres1 & _! high squeal+ :i/le c\ld easily be di/+ui%$ f ! scree* ( ! "y ,murres4 ,( two specim5s :i* _h ne>ly complet$ ! acquisition ( _! w9t] plumage1 "o _h ! :ite l9e f ! eye to ! bill s *>act]i/ic ( ! adult fully develop$1 :ile 9 ! o!r x 0 :olly want+--a v>iability 9 m>k+ :i* sugge/s t ! :ite /ripe ( ! ,r+$ ,murre is a simil> individual peculi>ity4 ,next to ! ,murres ! ,kittiwakes are probably ! mo/ num]\s birds on ! ,rock4 ,d\btless = ! reason t !y select ! less accessible l$ges :]e _! eggs c n be s readily tak51 _! "y 7 m advanc$ ?an ^? ( any o!r ( ! birds bre$+ "h4 ,_! ne/s1 r bulky /ructures ( seawe$1 :i* (t5 project$ well ov] ! edge ( ! l$ge on :i* !y 7 built1 conta9$ only "y ) _! p>5ts1 "o or two birds con/itut+ a brood4#ia ,illu/ration3 #ib4 ,entrance to ,puff9's burr[4 ,kittiwakes 7 nev] obs]v$ p]*+ on ! upp] l$ges or rim ( ! ,rock 9 ! situations commonly select$ by ,murres1 ,razorbills1 & ,puff9s4 ,! la/-nam$ species1 9 fact1 0 nev] se5 re/+ f> f ! top ( ! ,rock1 & its ne/s 7 plac$ 9 burr[s excavat$ on ! summit ( ! ,rock1 at ! we/ end4 ,occasionally advantage 0 tak5 ( an op5+ b5ea? a l$ge1 b g5]ally ! bird excavat$ a hole1#ib ab\t f\r in*es 9 diamet] & ?ree or f\r feet 9 l5g?1 at ! end ( :i* we f\nd ! ne/ ( grasses & fea!rs1 ) its s+le elliptical :ite egg#ic & sitt+ bird1 or a sooty1 d[n-cov]$ ne/l+4#id ,illu/ration3 #ic4 ,puff9's ne/ & egg at ! end ( excavat$ burr[4 ,woe to ! unsuspect+ p]son :o ?ru/s 8 h& into ! jaw1 "o might say1 ( an incubat+ ,puff94 ,nature has n only provid$ ! bird ) an uncommonly p[]ful & effici5t pair ( m&ibles1 b also ) a disposition :i* prompts x to use !m to ! be/ advantage4 ,nev] h ,i se5 any?+ 9 ! %ape ( a bird s diabolically vici\s z a ,puff94 ,an individual :i* we captur$ alive & attempt$ to /udy 9 our workroom1 prov$ altoge!r too fi]ce a creature to h ab\t1 & its ho>se voice--half grunt1 half groan--add$ to its unattractiv5ess4 ,illu/ration3 #id4 ,"y ,puff9 on ne/ at ! end ( burr[4 ,9 ,nature1 h[ev]1 _! trim appe>ance 0 v pleas+2 ,p>oquets1 ! ,fr5*-,canadians call !m1 & "o has only to see ! bird 9 life to appreciate ! applicability ( ! "n4 ,x is n alone _! looks b also _! actions :i* sugge/ ! ,p>rot4 ,unlike ! ,murres & ,razorbills1 !y d n re/ on ! :ole foot1 b /& q erect on ! toes alone1 & run ab\t ) ! *>act]i/ic patt]+ /eps ( ,p>rots4 ,:5 ! w9d blew fre% f ! sea !y (t5 fac$ x1 hov]+ a foot or two above ! rocks on out/ret*$1 motionless w+s1 & reta9+ = sev]al seconds ?is p]fect balance betwe5 gravity & air pressure4 ,x is q possible t ,i may h :olly misjudg$ ! ,puff9's "*1 & t :5 unmole/$ _! nature is peaceable 9 extreme4 ,at any rate1 !y seem to be n only on excell5t t]ms ) _! own k9d1 b ) ! v di/antly relat$ ,lea*'s ,petrels1 ) :i* !y sometimes %>$ _! und]gr\nd homes1 "o bird's ne/ be+ at ! end ( ! burr[1 ! o!r ab\t half way to ! entrance4 ,! ,petrels also occupi$ burr[s ( _! own1 :i*1 judg+ f ! actions ( ! birds f\nd 9 !m1 !y _h excavat$ by ! aid ( _! toes4#ie ,illu/ration3 #ie4 ,lea*'s ,petrel on ne/ at end ( excavat$ burr[4 ,! ,petrel's ne/s 7 compos$ ( f9e grasses & a few fea!rs1 & "o ne/ conta9$ two bits ( :ite bir* b>k1 ! pres5ce ( :i* rais$ ! "q z to :e!r ^! glean]s ( ! sea d n ga!r suitable ne/+ mat]ial :5 !y f9d x float+ on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,two ( ! eight or t5 ,petrels' ne/s exam9$ conta9$ a s+le :ite egg2 "o egg con/itut+ a full set ) ?is species1 z ) all ! o!r rock-ne/+ birds1 except ! ,kittiwake4 ,! rema9+ ne/s 7 ea* occupi$ by a newly hat*$ "y bird--a gray ball ( d[n1 s unlike any?+ 9 fea!rs ,i _h ev] se5 t1 if x _h n be5 = _! t9y1 "y *ick5like peep1 ,i %\ld h be5 incl9$ to pass x by z a wad ( gray cotton4#if ,nev] m ?an "o ( ! p>5t birds1 ei!r ! male or female1 0 f\nd on ! ne/1 nor 0 a s+le ,petrel se5 ab\t ! ,rock dur+ ! day4 ,illu/ration3 #if4 ,"y ,lea*'s ,petrel remov$ f burr[ ) ne/+ mat]ial4 ,! ,puff9s & ,petrels are n[ ! only birds ne/+ on ! summit ( ! ,rock1 n a s+le desc5dant ( ! "o hundr$ ?\s& ,gannets :i*1 accord+ to ,bryant1 occupi$ ! top ( ! ,rock 9 #ahfj n[ be+ f\nd !re4 ,to-day ?is species ne/s only on ! less accessible bord] l$ges on ! face ( ! ,rock1 :]e !y are gr\p$ 9 colonies4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 incubat+1 b sev]al 7 brood+ _! "y1 :i* rang$ 9 size f ! nak$1 black-sk9n$1 newly hat*$ *ick to ^? t _h acquir$ ! :ite1 swan's-d[nlike fir/ plumage4#ig ,) ! exception ( two :ite1 black-spott$ birds1 all ! ,gannets se51 bo? on ,bird ,rock & ,bonav5ture1 7 9 ! adult :ite plumage1 & if1 z has be5 /at$1 ?is plumage is n ga9$ until ! bird is two ye>s old1 ! "q arises1 ,:at becomes ( ! immature birds dur+ ! ne/+ season8 ,illu/ration3 #ig4 ,"y ,gannet4 ,an e/imate ( ! numb] ( individuals repres5t+ ! sev5 species j m5tion$ z ne/+ on ! ,rock1 is p]haps n w>rant$ by my brief exp]i5ce1 nor %\ld ,i attempt to give "o1 did n my photographs p]mit me to c\nt ) a fair degree ( accuracy ! numb] ( birds 9 view on t "p ( ! ,rock %[n 9 ^! pictures4 ,"t 0 lack+ to make1 f a boat1 a s]ies ( photographs ( ! ,rock :i* w\ld include all its bird-inhabit$ portions1 & ! app5d$ e/imates are bas$ on ! results ( a c\nt ( ! birds 9 photographs ( ab\t "o half ! occupi$ area4 ,murres1 ,razorbills1 & ,puff9s c n be di/+ui%$ 9 ^! pictures & are !re=e gr\p$ "u "o head1 x be+ calculat$ t ab\t f fifte5 hundr$ to two ?\s& individuals ( ^! species make ! ,rock _! home4 ,( ?is numb] probably n m ?an "o hundr$ are ,puff9s1 :ile ! ,common & ,brnni*'s ,murres 7,uria troile et ,u4 lomvia7 outnumb] ! ,razorbills at lea/ f\r to "o4 ,illu/ration3 #ih4 ,gannets4 #c4 ,an enl>g$ detail ( ,no4 #ii4 ,! ,kittiwake population ( ! ,rock probably numb]s betwe5 six hundr$ & eight hundr$ birds2 ( ,gannets1 !re are p]haps left only fifte5 hundr$ ( ! m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& birds :i* ,dr4 ,bryant writes ( z liv+ on ! top ( ! ,rock alone2 & ( ,petrels1 n m ?an fifty4 ,:5 on ! ,rock ,i %\ld h said t x 0 t5ant$ by at lea/ t5 ?\s& birds1 & ,i 0 n a little surpris$ to f9d t ! evid5ce furni%$ by my photographic records gave a total ( ab\t f\r ?\s& birds4 ,h[ev]1 ! sight ( f\r ?\s& birds domicil$ 9 "o small islet is suffici5tly impressive to increase ! pulse beat ( ! mo/ phlegmatic travel]2 & ev5 if ?is e/imate be too l>ge1 ! ,rock's m]its z a bird resort are too sub/antial to be affect$ by any decrease 9 x :i* tru? dem&s4 ,to return to an acc\nt ( ! day's do+s1 ! light1 z has be5 said1 0 unfavorable = photography1 & ! "t 0 devot$ to collect+ & prep>+ specim5s & mak+ a hurri$ survey ( ! bird rook]ies on ! ,rock1 ) results briefly set =? above2 b late 9 ! aft]noon ! sun gave indications ( its :]eab\ts beh9d ! cl\ds1 & ,i imm$iately sub/itut$ ! cam]a = ! scalpel1 & _h ,keep] ,b\rque l[] me 9 ! crate 9 ord] t ,i might secure photographs ( ! birds obs]v$ on our asc5t4 ,nei!r ! /ability ( ! crate nor its con/ant turn+ 7 conditions :i* a photograph] w\ld *oose1 &1 )\t ! tw9-l5s x w\ld h be5 impossible to secure pictures ( ! ,kittiwakes#he & ,murres1 :o 9 a surpris$ b unal>m$ mann] reg>d$ me f _! ne/s on ! ,rock1 9 "s in/ances at a di/ance ( n m ?an six feet4 ,at t5 o'clock at night ,i visit$ ! we/ end ( ! ,rock to see & he> ! ,petrels t ne/ !re4 ,! casual visitor to ,bird ,rock w\ld be q unaw>e ( ! pres5ce ( ^! birds2 inde$1 "o might live !re = ye>s )\t kn[+ t ,petrels made x _! home4 ,z f> z ! ,rock is conc]n$1 ! birds are /rictly nocturnal2 b z usually only "o bird--ei!r male or female--is f\nd on ! ne/1 x is suppos$ t its mate is at sea fe$+4 ,if ?is supposition be true1 ,i am at a loss to acc\nt = ! entire abs5ce ( ! birds dur+ ! daytime4 ,:y %\ld !y n return to _! ne/s be=e nightfall8 ,& if1 z /at$1 ! sea bird takes ! place ( ! ne/ bird1 does ! latt] always fe$ at night & ! =m] by day1 or d !y sometimes *ange ab\t1 ?us mak+ ! same individual bo? nocturnal & diurnal 9 habit8 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ,i _h no soon] rea*$ ! "p ( ! ,rock t5ant$ by ! ,petrels ?an ,i 0 giv5 ! mo/ surpris+ evid5ce ( _! activity dur+ ! night4 ,f ! gr\nd at my feet & on e side !re issu$ ! uncanny little song--if ,i may s call x--( birds d\btless sitt+ at ! m\?s ( _! burr[s4 ,x 0 n l ! cry ( a sea bird1 b a di/9ctly enunciat$ call ( eight notes1 possess+ a "* :olly its own1 & n to be comp>$ to ! notes ( any bird ,i h ev] he>d1 ?\gh at ! "t x impress$ me z hav+ a c]ta9 cr[+ quality4 ,su* a call might be utt]$ by elves or br[nies4 ,occasionally ,i saw a blur ( w+s z a bird pass$ betwe5 me & ! ligh?\se4 ,illu/ration3 #ii4 ,gannets on ne/s4 ,lat]1 ! fog1 :i* _h be5 scudd+ ov] u 9 wisps & ribbons1 clos$ 91 & ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a guncotton bomb ! ,rock gave notice ( its pres5ce to ! m>9]s :o might be 9 ! surr\nd+ wat]s4 ,capta9 ,tak] he>d ! dull1 boom+ voice z ) disappo9t+ promptness he came to take u f ! ,rock1 & e>ly 9 ! morn+ we he>d 8 fog horn f ! gray bank bel[ tell+ :]e ! ,sea ,gem1 z yet unse51 0 an*or$4 ,9 ! hope ( bett] wea!r ,i def]r$ photograph+ ! ,gannets1 ! only accessible colony ( :i* 0 on ! nor? side ( ! ,rock2 b =c$ n[ to make ! be/ ( ! exi/+ conditions1 ,i took ! tw9-l5s1 fa/5$ "o end ( a rope ab\t my wai/1 & gave ! o!r end to ,capta9 ,b\rque1 9 ord] t1 unhamp]$ by ?\ght ( fall1 ,i might creep along ! slipp]y l$ges :]e ! birds ne/$4#ii ,! fog _h lift$1 b ! day 0 gloomy1 & only ! :ite plumage ( ! birds & a wide-op5 l5s yield$ successful photographs4 ,x 0 my fir/ visit to ! big :ite birds1 :o1 9 spite ( p]secution1 h z yet acquir$ b little fe> ( man1 & z ) ho>se croaks & a da%+ ( w+s !y pit*$ onto ! n>r[ l$ges ne> me1 _! size & boldness1 9 connection ) my some:at insecure foot+1 ar\s$ 9 me a feel+ :i* ,i _h n exp]i5c$ :5 surr\nd$ by ! small] ,murres1 ,auks1 & ,puff9s4 ,! ma9 ne/+ l$ge 0 out ( rea* bel[1 b small gr\ps ( birds 7 ne>]1 & ^! ,i photograph$ at a di/ance ( ab\t t5 feet4#ajj ,^! ,gannets are magnific5t birds1 & :5 on ! w+ exhibit a comb9ation ( p[] & grace excell$ by no o!r bird ,i h se54 ,!y are mo/ impressive :5 div+1 z ) half-clos$ w+s1 l great spe>heads1 !y desc5d f a height ( ab\t =ty feet ) a =ce & spe$ t takes !m :olly out ( sight1 & spla%es ! wat] t5 feet or m into ! air4 ,cory graphically comp>es ! sight ( a di/ant flock ( ,gannets div+ at a s*ool ( fi%1 to a cont9u\s /ream ( beans p\r$ f a pail4 ,illu/ration3 #ajj4 ,gannet on ne/4 ,two ne/s 9 =egr\nd4 ,capta9 ,b\rque tells me t ,gannets are no long] us$ = bait by ! codfi%]s2 b :5 "o realizes t only two colonies ( ^! gr& birds1 compris+ a few ?\s& individuals1 are all t are left ( ! species 9 ?is hemisph]e1 "o c\ld wi% = ^! survivors some?+ m ?an negative protection4 ,9 ! aft]noon ! wea!r gave promise ( cle>+1 & ent]+ ! crate we 7 swung out ov] ! edge ( ! ,rock on ! fir/ /age ( our homew>d j\rney4 ,! collections & outfit 7 plac$ abo>d ! s*oon]1 :ile 9 a dory we attempt$ to visit ,little ,bird2 b be=e we _h r[$ a qu>t] ( a mile ! fog crept back1 ,great ,bird sl[ly disappe>$ f view & became only a p]iodic boom 9 ! gray wall1 & we return$ to ! s*oon] )\t delay4 ,! sail to ,bryon1 :]e we pass$ ! night1 app>5tly demon/rat$ ,capta9 ,tak]'s possession ( ! s5se ( direction4 ,9 spite ( a head w9d1 viol5t squalls1 & a /rong tide1 he made 8 way ?r\gh ! fog ) p]fect assurance & dropp$ an*or at a p>ticul> lob/] buoy1 visible less ?an fifty y>ds f ! s*oon]1 b :i* 9 effect he appe>$ to h se5 be=e we left ! ,rock4 ,x 0 a rem>kable bit ( seaman%ip4 ,9 ,bird ,rock ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t possesses an object ( surpass+ int]e/1 "o :i*1 s\? ( ,gre5l&1 is unique 9 ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x is ! obvi\s duty ( ! prop] au?orities to pres]ve x1 & ! ease ) :i* ?is c be done makes fur!r neglect inexcusable4 ,! appo9tm5t ( ! light keep] z a game w>d5 is ! only /ep requir$ to make ,bird ,rock a safe retreat = sea f[l1 until1 9 "s future geologic age1 x %all h yield$ to ! rel5tless attack ( ! wat]s4 ,,life ,,on ,,pelican ,,isl&1 ,,) ,,"s ,,speculations ,,on ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,bird ,,migration ,! /udy ( isolat$ colonies ( birds1 p>ticul>ly ( ^? situat$ on isl&s1 ?r[s mu* light on sev]al z yet little-und]/ood problems ( bird migration4 ,) ma9l& birds ( g5]al di/ribution--! ,rob91 = example--! individual is1 except :5 ne/+1 lo/ 9 ! species1 & unless ! bird be peculi>ly m>k$ :o c say :e!r ! ,rob9s :i* ne/ ) u "o ye> are ! same z ^? ( ! prec$+ season--:]e our summ] ,rob9s w9t]1 or our w9t] ,rob9s summ]8 & :o c tell :e!r ! fir/ ,rob9s to come 9 ! spr+ are our summ] resid5t birds1 or e>ly migrants en r\te to m nor!rn ne/+ gr\nds8 ,9 ! case ( c]ta9 isl&-inhabit+ birds1 h[ev]1 "s ( ^! que/ions may be answ]$ ) a fair degree ( c]ta9ty4 ,?us ,ipswi* ,sp>r[s are kn[n to ne/ only on ,sable ,isl&1 (f ! ,nova ,scotia coa/1 & we are w>rant$ 9 believ+ t ! same birds1 fate p]mitt+1 return to _! s&y home ye> aft] ye>4 ,gannets 7,sula bassana7 ne/ 9 ! we/]n hemisph]e only on ?ree islets 9 ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 & x is probable t ! surviv+ individuals return ea* ye> to _! =m] bre$+ gr\nds4 ,! ,t]ns ( ,muskeget & ,p5ikese1 =m+ ! only two l>ge colonies ( ^! birds rema9+ on ! ,atlantic coa/1 return to _! isl& retreats e spr+2 & actuat$ by ?is same love ( home1 ! ,br[n ,pelicans ( ! ,indian ,riv] region ( ea/]n ,florida annually repair to a c]ta9 small isl& = ! purpose ( re>+ _! "y4 ,_m simil> cases might be cit$ 9 confirmation ( ! belief--support$ also by isolat$ obs]vations on ! ma9l&--t birds ne/ 9 ! same locality ?r\gh\t _! lives1 &1 on occasion1 may ev5 occupy _! previ\s season's ne/4 ,z reg>ds ! mann] 9 :i* ^! isl&-inhabit+ birds arrive at ! ne/+ gr\nds1 z f> z our record$ in=mation goes1 x seems t )\t relation to latitude !y appe> ea* spr+ ) rem>kable regul>ity1 n /raggl+ back a few at a "t1 b s5d+ on an advance gu>d1 :i* usually rema9s only a %ort "t & is foll[$1 a few days lat]1 by app>5tly ! entire colony4 ,?us1 ,mackay writes ( ! ,t]ns ( ,p5ikese3 8,9 #ahic ! ,t]ns arriv$ on ,may #aj?1 9 ! night1 an advance gu>d ( sev]al hundr$ be+ not$ e>ly ! foll[+ morn+ at daylight2 ^! all left be=e noon ( ! #aa?1 & on ! morn+ ( ! #ab?1 be=e daylight1 imm5se numb]s _h aga9 arriv$4444 ,9 #ahif ! ,t]ns comm5c$ to arrive dur+ ! night ( ,may #i?2 !y 7 9 evid5ce at daylight on ! #aj?1 & cont9u$ to arrive all day1 & on ! morn+ ( ! #aa? ! usual colony _h tak5 possession ( ! isl&40 7,auk1 xiv1 #ahig1 p4 #bhd47 ,! migration ( ! isl&-ne/+ ,t]ns 9 ! tropics is app>5tly no less regul>4 ,scott /ates t ! ,noddy arriv$ 9 ! ,tortugas 8on ,april #bj? 9 l>ge numb]s1 b rema9$ only two days2 aft] inspect+ _! bre$+ gr\nds1 all dep>t$ to return ab\t a week lat] 9 greatly increas$ numb]s1 :5 bre$+ 0 almo/ at once comm5c$40 7,auk1 vii1 #ahij1 p4 #cjf47 ,^! insul> colonies1 h[ev]1 n only ?r[ mu* light on c]ta9 exi/+ phases ( bird migration1 b !y also furni% u ) a clew to ! orig9 ( migration itself4 ,?is is especially true ( ^? species ^: lives are pass$ 9 ! tropics or subtropics1 & :i* we are accu/om$ to class z nonmigratory or z 8p]man5t resid5ts10 b :i* are z regul>ly migratory1 9 ! real mean+ ( ! ^w1 z if !y summ]$ )9 ! arctic circle & w9t]$ s\? ( ! equator4 ,_! movem5ts are app>5tly 9 no way influ5c$ by climate nor1 at ?is season1 are !y gov]n$ by ! food supply1 b prompt$ solely by ! annually recurr+ physiological *ange :i* fits bo? sexes = reproduction1 !y repair to a c]ta9 islet1 p]haps 9 ! he>t ( _! range1 ) ! "o object ( f9d+ a suitable ne/+ site 9 :i* _! eggs may be laid & "y re>$ 9 safety2 & ?is object accompli%$1 !y des]t ! locality1 :]e !y may be unkn[n until ! foll[+ spr+4 ,dive/$1 !re=e1 ( ! complications :i* ensue :5 9 /udy+ ! migration ( birds ! que/ions ( food & climate mu/ be consid]$1 we h "h ! problem r$uc$ to its simple/ t]ms2 & 9 ! desire = seclusion dur+ ! bre$+ season :i* induces birds to conceal _! ne/s1 if possible p]haps ne> by1 b if necess>y aft] a j\rney ( v>y+ l5g? und]tak5 especially = ! purpose1 we h a good & suffici5t cause = ! orig9 ( bird migration4 ,an attempt to expla9 ! pres5t manife/ation ( ! migratory movem5t involves a /udy ( ! climatic *anges to :i* our globe has be5 subject$4 ,no d\bt _m birds controll$ by 8h]$ity ( habit0 make semiannual j\rneys :i* at "o "t 7 necess>y1 b "u exi/+ circum/ances are no long] requir$4 ,:y1 = example1 %\ld ! ,bobol9k w9t] s\? ( ! ,amazon1 :ile its ally1 ! ,r$-w+$ ,blackbird 7,agelaius phniceus71 does n leave ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,i h1 h[ev]1 no int5tion ( writ+ an essay on bird migration1 & ^! ?\ghts are pres5t$ m]ely z prelim9>y to a /udy ( ! life ( ,pelican ,isl&1 ( a visit to :i* !y are 9 "p ! outcome4 ,pelican ,isl& is situat$ midway betwe5 ! nor!rn & s\!rn extremities ( ,indian ,riv]1 ne> ! ea/]n %ore ( a key :i* "h makes ! riv] ab\t ?ree miles wide4 ,x is triangul> 9 %ape & conta9s ab\t ?ree acres ( gr\nd1 on :i* gr[ a few black mangroves1 a cabbage palm or two1 & great pat*es ( grass2 b at lea/ "o f\r? ( its surface is b>e gr\nd4 ,on "o ( ! isl&s ( ! ne>-by ,n>r[s a few pairs ( ,br[n ,pelicans are said to h ne/$1 b1 ) ?is exception1 ,pelican ,isl& d\btless =ms ! ne/+ gr\nd ( all ! ,pelicans ( ,indian ,riv]4 ,! "q :y ! birds %\ld select ?is p>ticul> isl& 9 pref]5ce to ! scores ( o!rs :i*1 to ! human eye1 appe> to be equally well suit$ to _! ne$s1 is a difficult "o to answ]4 ,p]haps no true selection is %[n by ! exi/+ birds1 :i*1 z ) _m o!r isl&-inhabit+ species1 may be ! survivors ( a once m widely di/ribut$ species1 :o h be5 pres]v$ by ! protection af=d$ by _! isl& home4 ,su* a colony might owe its beg9n+ to a pair ( birds :o 7 ! true selectors ( ! site ( ! future colony4 ,! pres]v+ influ5ces ( ! situation 7 pot5t f ! beg9n+4 ,! fir/ brood rea*$ maturity )\t mi%ap1 & 9 response to ! in/9ct :i* prompts a bird to return to ! region ( its bir?1 !y1 ) successive g5]ations1 came back & ev5tually e/abli%$ ! prevail+ conditions4 ,! atta*m5t ( ^! ,pelicans = _! home af=ds a rem>kable illu/ration ( ! p[] ( habit4 ,ev] s9ce ! ,indian ,riv] region has be5 subject to annual invasion by t\ri/s1 among :om ! man ) ! gun is conspicu\s bo? by numb]s & actions1 ! inhabitants ( ,pelican ,isl& h be5 wantonly &1 on occasions1 brutally p]secut$4 ,sc>cely a day passes dur+ ,febru>y & ,m>* t "o or m boat loads ( t\ri/s1 p]haps f ! ma9l& or a pass+ ya*t1 d n l& on ,pelican ,isl& & ?\ghtlessly cause ! dea? ( _m "y birds by driv+ !m f ! vic9ity ( _! ne/s2 or1 by fright5+ ! brood+ birds1 !y expose ! newly hat*$ & nak$ ne/l+s to ! roa/+ rays ( ! sun4 ,! h>m caus$ by ^! visitors1 h[ev]1 is n to be comp>$ to t wr\ght by s-call$ 8sportsm510 :o1 9 defiance ( e law ( manhood1 h gone to ,pelican ,isl& & kill$ ?\s&s ( ! birds simply because !y af=d$ a ready m>k = _! guns4 ,!y _h n ev5 ! excuse ( a dem& ^u _! skill1 & mu/ inde$ h be5 v ne> ! level ( ! brute to h f\nd pleasure 9 kill+ birds :i* ! m]e/ novice ) a gun w\ld f9d x difficult to miss4 ,p]haps ev5 worse ?an ?is exhibition ( pure savag]y are ! raids ( ! self-/yl$ 8ologi/s10 :o1 9 ! "n ( sci5ce--save ! m>k6--h j\rney$ to ,pelican ,isl& ) ! express purpose ( tak+ e egg !y c\ld lay _! insatiable f+]s ^u1 aft]w>d to boa/1 9 "s j\rnal devot$ to report+ simil> crimes1 ( ! hundr$s !y _h collect$ 9 s _m h\rs4 ,s p]si/5tly h ! ,pelicans be5 mole/$ t at times !y h be5 foil$ to des]t _! belov$ isl&2 b !y h exhibit$ _! atta*m5t = x by e/abli%+ !mselves on ! ne>e/ available islet1 & on ! fir/ opportunity h return$ to _! native l&4 ,x 0 9 ,m>*1 #ahih1 t my be/ assi/ant & ,i bo>d$ ! little sloop :i* 0 to take u to ,pelican ,isl&4 ,=tunately ! birds 7 n[ 9 possession ( _! ance/ral doma91 &1 z we approa*$1 files ( ,pelicans 7 se5 return+ f fi%+ exp$itions1 platoons 7 re/+ on ! s&y po9ts1 "s 7 ba?+1 o!rs sail+ 9 broad circles high ov]head4 ,soon we c\ld he> ! s\nd ( _m voices--a m$ley ( /range cries 9 an unkn[n tongue4 ,arriv+ & dep>t+ on w+s1 ! inhabitants ( ,pelican ,isl& h little ne$ ( deep wat] h>bors1 & we 7 oblig$ to an*or our sloop ab\t a hundr$ y>ds f ! isl& & g a%ore 9 a small boat4 ,illu/ration3 #aja4 ,pelicans on gr\nd ne/s4 ,no travel] ev] ent]$ ! gates ( a =eign city ) great] expectancy ?an ,i felt z ,i /epp$ f my boat on ! muddy edge ( ?is ,city ( ! ,pelicans4 ,! old birds1 )\t a ^w ( prote/1 des]t$ _! homes1 leav+ _! eggs & "y at my m]cy4 ,b ! "y 7 z abusive & ?reat5+ z _! p>5ts 7 sil5t & unresi/+4 ,"s 7 on ! gr\nd1 o!rs 9 ! bu%y mangroves1 "s 7 com+ f ! egg1 o!rs 7 le>n+ to fly2 b "o & all--9 a *orus ( croaks1 b>ks1 & screams1 :i* r+s 9 my e>s :5ev] ,i ?9k ( ! exp]i5ce--unit$ 9 dem&+ t ,i leave ! t[n4 ,if ,i approa*$ too ne>1 _! cries 7 d\bl$ 9 viol5ce & accompani$ by vici\s lunges ) _! bills1 :i* 7 snapp$ toge!r ) a pi/ol-l report4#ajb ,z ,i walk$ f tree to tree1 exam9+ ! noisy "y birds t 7 climb+ ab\t ! bran*es1 ,i seem$ to be pass+ f cage to cage 9 a zological g>d52 & z ,i ent]$ t "p ( ! isl& :]e ! ne/s 7 on ! gr\nd1#aja e bird t c\ld walk left its home1 & soon ,i 0 driv+ a great flock ( "y ,pelicans1 all scream+ at ! tops ( _! voices4 ,illu/ration3 #ajb4 ,int]view+ a gr\p ( "y ,pelicans4 ,illu/ration3 #ajc4 ,among ! ,pelicans4 ,! old birds1 9 ! meantime1 7 re/+ on ! wat]4 ,!y might h be5 unpleasant foes1 b 9 _! /ately1 dignifi$ way !y accept$ ! situation1 & wait$ 9 sil5ce = u to retire4 ,!n !y at once return$ to _! ne/s1 & 9 a %ort "t comp>ative quiet 0 re/or$ on ! isl&4 ,?is is a sket* ( life 9 ! ,pelicans' metropolis z "o sees x dur+ a brief visit1 & all ! acc\nts ( ! isl& ,i h se5 7 bas$ on j su* an exp]i5ce4 ,consequ5tly1 ,i %all relate "h :at 0 le>n$ ( ! ,pelicans & _! home dur+ f\r days pass$ ) !m4 ,illu/ration3 #ajd4 ,head & p\* ( ,br[n ,pelican4 ,f a fre% specim54 ,dur+ no h\r ( ! tw5ty-f\r did sil5ce reign on ,pelican ,isl&2 if ,i w5t on deck at midnight1 ! notes ( "s compla9+ or pugnaci\s "y ,pelicans1 :o 9 _! sleep _h come into too close qu>t]s1 7 sure to be he>d4 ,b ! ,pelicans' day began at e>ly dawn1 :5 ,i c\ld di/+ui% ! diagonal files ( f two to a doz5 birds solemnly & sil5tly />t+ out = ! fi%+ gr\nds4 ,"o might ?9k t1 l a boat's crew1 _! /rokes 7 controll$ by a coxswa91 z 9 p]fect unison !y all flapp$ _! broad w+s = ab\t t5 beats1 & !n spread !m & sail$ = z _m seconds4 ,illu/ration3 #aje4 ,same z ,no4 #ajd1 se5 f above1 to %[ ext5t to :i* sides ( ! l[] bill are spread4 ,g5]ally !y head$ = ! ocean1 !re to foll[ ! l9e ( ! bea*1 sometimes high 9 ! air1 at o!rs l[ ov] ! curl+ surf1 z _! progress 0 aid$ or ret>d$ by ! w9d4 ,h[ f> !y w5t ,i c n say1 b at a po9t t5 miles nor? ( ,pelican ,isl& _m h be5 se5 /ill w++ _! way to ! nor?w>d1 d\btless to "s po9t :]e fi% 7 abundant4 ,n once dur+ ! f\r days pass$ (f ,pelican ,isl& did ,i see a ,pelican fi%+ ov] ! surr\nd+ wat]s4 ,x 0 n because !y 7 lack+ 9 fi%1 = !y conta9$ a pl5tiful supply ( food2 & ,i c\ld expla9 ! unexpect$ ab/95ce ( ! birds only on ! supposition t ! fi% 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! ne/+ gr\nd 7 left = ! e>ly ef=ts ( ! "y birds be=e !y 7 /rong en\gh ( w+ to accompany _! p>5ts to di/ant fi%+ gr\nds4 ,br[n ,pelicans fi% at a height ( f tw5ty to ?irty feet above ! wat]1 n hov]+1 b fly+ sl[ly ab\t1 & )\t a mom5t's pause plung+ on _! prey ) a =ce :i* w\ld produce s]i\s results if ! bird's brea/ 7 n well padd$ ) cellul> tissue betwe5 ! sk9 & ! fle%4 ,i obs]v$ t :5 ! "y birds /ruck at me ! movem5t 0 accompani$ by a wid5+ or b[+ out ( ! sides ( ! l[] m&ible1 & x is d\btless ! same muscul> ef=t :i* turns ! p\* ( ! div+ ,pelican into a scoop net1 z x 71 ) an elliptical r+4#aje ,by sunrise mo/ ( ! fi%]s appe>$ to h dep>t$1 & at ?is "t1 :e!r because ( ! abs5ce ( s _m ( ! adults or because x 0 _! breakfa/ h\r1 a sw>m ( ,fi% ,cr[s came f ! ma9l&1 app>5tly f bo? sides ( ! riv]1 seek+ :at !y might dev\r 9 ! way ( eggs or "y ,pelicans1 & dep>t+ aft] sev]al h\rs' fea/+4 ,ab\t eight o'clock ! fi%]s began to appe>1 com+1 z !y w5t1 9 dignifi$ l9es1 :i* broke up z !y rea*$ ! isl&1 ea* bird go+ to its "y4 ,!n ! outcry began1 & ! ensu+ two h\rs 7 ! noisie/ ( ! day4 ,pelicans are s well able to supply ! wants ( _! families t1 unlike small] birds :o br+ to _! ev]-hungry broods only a m\?ful at a "t1 !y are n =c$ to fe$ _! "y at %ort int]vals ?r\gh\t ! day1 b ! morn+ meal conclud$1 !y d n aga9 h to provide = _! ne/l+s until aft]noon4 ,imm$iately aft] breakfa/1 !re=e1 ! p>5t birds w5t out into ! bay to ba!1 & ! flapp+ ( _! w+s z !y da%$ ! wat] ov] !mselves c\ld be he>d at a great di/ance4 ,! ba? conclud$1 ! birds ga!r$ 9 r[s on ! s& b>s jutt+ out f ! isl&1 to vigor\sly pre5 _! fea!rs1 & doze 9 ! sun2 & !n1 at irregul> int]vals1 bird aft] bird1 prompt$ app>5tly purely by a love ( ex]cise1 or tempt$ by a possible result+ exhil>ation1 m\nt$ sl[ly into ! air until !y _h atta9$ a great height1 :51 spread+ _! w+s1 !y sail$ maje/ically ab\t on broad circles = h\rs at a "t4 ,i 0 at fir/ incl9$ to connect ?is habit ) ! season ( c\rt%ip1 b obs]v+ sev]al birds ( ! ye>1 :o _h b rec5tly le>n$ to fly1 jo9 _! eld]s1 ,i came to ! conclusion t ! habit _h no sexual significance1 & 0 indulg$ 9 solely because ! birds enjoy$ x4 ,9 ! aft]noon ! fi%+ p>ties aga9 />t$ out1 & aft] ! result+ cat* _h be5 deliv]$ to ! clamor+ "y1 ! ,pelican's day's "w 0 conclud$1 & he betook himself to 8 favorite roo/ = ! night4 ,at d>k a few ,cormorants return$ to ! bran*es ( a dead tree1 a s+le ,frigate1 aft] c>efully & repeat$ly reconnoit]+ ! situation1 decid$ to take lodg+s on a neighbor+ /ub1 & a ,pelican ,isl& day 0 end$4 ,:e!r1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,t]ns & ,gannets previ\sly m5tion$1 ! ,pelicans all return to _! isl& on a c]ta9 day ,i c n say4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 ! %ort duration ( _! migratory j\rney1 & ! fact t !y come f bo? ! nor? & ! s\?1 prev5ts !m f jo9+ _m o!r birds en r\te4 ,h[ev]1 app>5tly mo/ ( ! birds are w>n$ at ne>ly ! same "t by a physiological *ange t ! season has come = !m to return to _! ne/+ gr\nds4 ,?is is evid5tly 9 ,janu>y1 s9ce 9 ,m>* a l>ge numb] ( ! "y on ! isl& 7 f\nd almo/ ready to fly1 :ile "s1 z has be5 said1 7 already on ! w+4 ,!re 01 x is true1 a great v>iation 9 ! developm5t ( ! "y f\nd1 & inde$ ! birds 7 /ill lay+1 b ,i believe t ! p>5ts ( ^! lat] broods _h be5 robb$ ( _! eggs by t\ri/s4 ,a c>eful c\nt yield$ a total ( #hde ne/s1 :i* _h evid5tly be5 built dur+ ! season1 b only #bea ( !m 7 occupi$4 ,mo/ ( ! vacant ne/s 7 on ! gr\nd1 & _h be5 des]t$ by _! t5ants1 :o 7 n[ runn+ ab\t ! isl&4 ,! #bea occupi$ ne/s conta9$ eggs or "y1 z foll[s3 #ee ne/s ) #a egg ea*2 #fc #b eggs #bc #c #fc #a "y ea*2 #df #b #a ne/ #c ,incubation 0 f\nd to be well advanc$ 9 eggs :i* 7 alone 9 _! ne/1 %[+ ei!r t "o egg sometimes composes ! set1 or t ! o!r eggs ( ! set _h be5 de/roy$4 ,! fact t "o ne/ 0 f\nd ) ?ree "y :ile tw5ty-?ree 7 f\nd ea* conta9+ ?ree eggs1 w\ld indicate a high mortality among ! "y birds2 &1 inde$1 no less ?an #id dead "y 7 c\nt$4 ,mo/ ( ^!1 h[ev]1 7 birds :i* 7 old en\gh to leave ! ne/1 & dea? 0 d\btless due to ! ?\ghtlessness ( t\ri/ visitors1 :o *ase ! "y ab\t until !y fall f exhau/ion1 or are driv5 too f> to f9d _! way home4 ,e/imat+ ! numb] ( "y birds :i* _h left ! #eid des]t$ ne/s at #hia--:i* w\ld be an av]age ( "o & a half birds to ! ne/--& add+ two p>5t birds to ea* ne/1 we h #b1eha birds on w+ & on foot4 ,b ?is numb] is to be increas$ by ! #aeb "y t 7 /ill 9 _! ne/s1 mak+ ! probable total population ( ,pelican ,isl& #b1gcf4 ,?is calculation1 h[ev]1 does n take into acc\nt ! eggs1 f :i* almo/ h\rly came new inhabitants ( ! isl&2 & x is ) ^! eggs1 or r ) ! ne/ 9 :i* !y are plac$1 t we may beg9 a brief outl9e ( ! "y ,pelican's developm5t4 ,! ,pelican1 al?\gh a l[ type ( bird1 is altricial1 ! "y1 unlike ! (fspr+ ( ,gulls1 ,ducks1 or ,snipe1 be+ hat*$ 9 a helpless condition4 ,! ne/1 !re=e1 is n only an incubator :]e ) heat f ! p>5t bird ! eggs are hat*$1 b x is a cradle = ! "y4 ,consequ5tly1 ,pelicans' ne/s are unusually complicat$ /ructures z comp>$ ) ! dwell+s ( o!r birds equally l[ 9 ! evolution>y scale4 ,!re 0 a v int]e/+ & con/ant relation betwe5 ! "* ( ! ne/ & its site1 gr\nd ne/s be+ compos$ l>gely or entirely ( long grasses1 :ile ^? ne/s :i* 7 plac$ 9 ! trees 7 made ( /icks & 7 l9$ ) grasses1 ! ne/ prop] be+ erect$ on a plat=m ( l>g] /icks laid f crot* to crot* 9 ! bu%es 9 su* a mann] z to =m a broad1 firm f\ndation1 ?\gh1 /ructurally1 x 0 n a "p ( ! ne/1 :i* c\ld be lift$ )\t remov+ ! plat=m4 ,illu/ration3 #ajf4 ,newly hat*$ ,pelicans4 ,gr\nd ne/4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ne/s ( /raw#ajf & ^? ( /icks#ajg 7 s m>k$ t x seems probable _! mak]s regul>ly select$ sites on ! gr\nd or 9 ! trees respectively4 ,or1 assum+ t ! same individuals might build a /ick ne/ 9 ! bu%es "o ye> & a /raw ne/ on ! gr\nd ! next1 we h an unusual v>iation 9 ! "* ( ! ne/ ( ! same species4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,fi% ,hawks ( ,plumb ,isl& ! birds ev9c$ an appreciation ( ! protection af=d$ !m by ! own] ( ! isl& by (t5 plac+ _! ne/s on ! gr\nd4 ,photographs ( ^! ne/s1 h[ev]1 made by ,dr4 ,c4 ,s4 ,all51 %[ t ! birds employ$ z mu* mat]ial :5 ne/+ on ! gr\nd z :5 ne/+ 9 trees1 ! eggs on ! gr\nd be+ surr\nd$ by a useless mass ( l>ge /icks4 ,c]ta9 ( ! birds1 !re=e1 9 response to new conditions1 _h *os5 new ne/+ sites1 b _h n z yet made correspond+ *anges 9 ! "* ( _! ne/s4 ,:5 ! ne/ is complet$1 z we h se51 f "o to ?ree eggs are laid4 ,! p]iod ( incubation is probably ab\t f\r weeks1 & a c>eful li/5] may detect ! pres5ce ( a hat*+ egg by ! *ok+ b>k :i* ! "y ,pelican beg9s to utt] z soon z he has made an op5+ 9 ! %ell :i* holds him4 ,:5 he has f9ally fre$ himself & appe>s 9 ! _w1 he is ab\t z unattractive a bit ( bird life z c well be conceiv$4#ajf ,8 d>k1 purple sk9 is p]fectly nak$1 he is bl9d1 & :5 he is depriv$ ( %ade provid$ by ! brood+ p>5t1 he twi/s re/lessly ab\t 9 ! ne/1 utt]+ ! same *ok+ b>k ) :i* he fir/ greet$ ! light4 ,ev5 at ?is e>ly age he displays "o ( ! /rong *>act]i/ics ( ! immature ,pelican--a pugnaci\s disposition4 ,almo/ be=e 8 eyes are op5 he bites at 8 ne/ mates = app>5tly no o!r reason ?an t !y come )9 rea* ( 8 bill4 ,soon 8 eyes op5 & )9 a few days a wond]ful *ange beg9s to take place 9 8 appe>ance4#ajg ,little bun*es ( :ite d[n spr\t all ov] 8 body1 &1 gr[+ rapidly1 trans=m ! ugly1 purple-black ne/l+ into a sn[y creature clad 9 s(te/ d[n4 ,illu/ration3 #ajg4 ,"y ,pelican 9 tree ne/1 %[+ fir/ appe>ance ( :ite d[n4 ,at ! same "t he has be5 gr[+ mu* /rong]2 he is able to sit up1#ajh 8 fight+ abilities h greatly increas$1 & 8 voice1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh a rasp+ k-r-r-r-+ /age1 has become a high1 pi]c+ cry v closely resembl+ ! scream ( a *ild 9 extreme pa94 ,"y ,pelicans utt]+ ?is call *iefly made up ! *orus "o c\ld he> all day & at int]vals dur+ ! night on ,pelican ,isl&4 ,pelicans ( ! same ne/ nev] seem to recov] f ! mutual enmity ) :i* !y beg9 life4 ,qu>rel+ is ! normal condition ( affairs among ! *ildr5 ( a ,pelican family1 & z !y always scream l\de/ :5 fight+1 "o cause = ! cont9u\s upro> is evid5t4 ,ano!r is ! "q ( food1 & j at ?is po9t ,i may pause a mom5t to describe ! mann] 9 :i* ! "y ,pelicans are f$4 ,illu/ration3 #ajh4 ,"y ,pelican1 d[ny /age4 ,s f> z ,i "k1 ,pelicans live :olly on fi%1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! f>e ( a "y ,pelican & t ( its p>5t is 9 ! size ( its f9ny food4 ,i h se5 fi% twelve in*es long 9 ! ?roat ( an old ,pelican1 :ile ! p\* ( a v "y bird conta9$ sev]al fi%es less ?an an in* 9 l5g?4 ,x is pla9 to be se51 !re=e1 t :5 an old ,pelican goes fi%+ = 8 family he mu/ keep con/antly 9 m9d ! size ( 8 (fspr+ & br+ home little fi% = little birds1 l>g] fi% = l>g] ones4 ,imm$iately aft] ! p>5t returns f its fi%+ exp$ition1 ! "y clu/] ab\t x & ! outcry beg9s4 ,b ! old "o takes x v pati5tly1 sitt+ q /ill until ready to op5 its creel1 z x 74 ,!n he takes a /& if possible a little above ! "y1 drops 8 l[] bill ) its p\*1 :5 at once ! "y ?ru/ 9 _! heads to secure _! morn+'s cat*4 ,on "o occasion ,i saw ?ree half-gr[n ,pelicans ) _! heads & necks entirely out ( sight 9 ! p>5t's p\*1 & all 7 prodd+ ab\t s vigor\sly t "o w\ld h ?\ght x w\ld be damag$ pa/ m5d+4 ,hav+ be5 f$1 "o might suppose t = a "t peace w\ld reign 9 ! ,pelican h\sehold2 b1 aft] empty+ _! p>5t's p\*1 ! "y imm$iately beg9 to squabble ov] ! cont5ts ( _! own4 ,"h is real cause = w>1 & !y grasp ea* o!r by ! bill & twi/ & turn l a?letes 9 a te/ ( /r5g?1 seldom1 h[ev]1 ) s]i\s results4 ,illu/ration3 #aji4 ,"y ,pelican1 w+ quills appe>+4 ,return+ to our sket* ( ! "y ,pelican's gr[?3 %ortly aft] ! acquisition ( ! :ite d[n1 ! w+ fea!rs beg9 to gr[4 ,z yet ! spr\t+ fea!rs are useless1 b ) !m come /r5g? & c\rage to leave ! ne/ & to clamb] ab\t 9 se>* ( ! foes :o p]haps h be5 mock+ him = days1 f _! ne/ on an adjo9+ limb4 ,9 spite ( 8 broadly webb$ toes1 he manages to climb ab\t 9 ! bu%es ) m or less ease2#aji b 9 ?is climb+ he is greatly aid$ by 8 bill4 ,inde$1 if x 7 n = ! safety hook made by ! bill1 head1 & neck1 _m a "y ,pelican w\ld h a premature tumble4 ,z x is1 ?is hook is (t5 ! only ?+ t saves him if he *ances to lose 8 foot+2 cat*+ by ! bill & neck he hangs = a mom5t1 & !n1 l a gymna/1 hauls himself up by ! aid ( 8 toes4 ,illu/ration3 #aaj4 ,"y ,pelicans1 /age prec$+ flight4 ,if ! "y ,pelican's home is on ! gr\nd1 at ?is age he waddles ab\t play+ by himself or fight+ all com]s4 ,he dabbles 9 ! %all[ wat]1 fill+ 8 p\* ) mud & wat]1 bits ( /icks1 %ells1 & we$s2 !n dropp+ ! po9t ( 8 bill d[nw>d s t ! mud & wat] ooze out1 he c>efully exam9es ! rema9d]1 piece by piece1 z if to see :e!r x is palatable4 ,ev5 :5 alone he sometimes loses 8 temp]4 ,i saw "o evid5tly mu* annoy$ by ! appe>ance ( a displac$ fea!r 9 8 w+1 & 9 a va9 ef=t to cat* x he :irl$ ab\t l a kitt5 *as+ its own tail4 ,b ! fa/-gr[+ w+ plumes soon seem to be a s\rce ( inspiration1 r ?an ( annoyance4 ,! "y ,pelicans feel a new & /range p[] com+ to !m1 & !y /& 9 ! ne/ & aimlessly wave _! n[ ne>ly gr[n w+s1 until "s day an impulse prompts !m to spr+ into ! air4#aaj ,! imm$iate result is a humiliat+ tumble1 = ,pelicans1 unlike small] birds1 mu/ le>n to fly4 ,once on ! gr\nd he has a saf] place to practice1 & ) a hop1 skip1 & a flap1 he makes brave ef=ts to m\nt skyw>d4 ,f9ally he succe$s1 & ! awkw>d ne/l+ becomes a creature ( p[] & grace1 sail+ away on broad p9ions to jo9 its eld]s4 ,) ?is wond]ful gift ( flight comes a complete *ange 9 ! ,pelican's "* & behavior4 ,f a noisy1 qu>relsome fl$gel+1 ^: days 7 pass$ 9 scream+ & squabbl+1 he is trans=m$ into a dignifi$1 patri>*al-l bird s absolutely voiceless t ,i h nev] he>d a wild ,pelican utt] a s\nd1 nor d ,i "k ( any "o :o has2 :ile 9 disposition he has become s peaceful t "u ! /ronge/ provocation he %[s no desire to prote/4 ,j :at has influ5c$ him--:o c say8 ,x is "o ( ,nature's my/]ies4 ,b let u hope t ! same *>m may be ex]t$ on e noisy1 qu>relsome creature4 ,,index ,audubon1 ,j4 ,j41 #aee4 ,auk1 ,razorbill$1 on ,bird ,rock1 #afg1 #afi2 tam5ess (1 #agj2 ne/+ (1 #agf2 "y (1 #agf4 ,!1 #aed4 ,bayb]ries1 #bf4 ,bird-,lore1 #i4 ,bird photography1 def9ition (1 #a2 sci5tific value (1 #a1 #cd2 *>m (1 #c1 #ci2 outfit =1 #f2 me?ods (1 #bf4 ,bird ,rock1 #acj1 #aej1 #aeb4 ,birds1 adult1 photograph+1 #cc4 ,"y1 photograph+1 #cb2 return (1 to ne/+ gr\nd1 #aib4 ,bitt]n1 ,am]ican1 #bi1 #gj4 ,lea/1 haunts (1 #fb2 mode ( progression (1 #fb2 notes (1 #fc1 #gb2 ne/ (1 #fe2 protective mimicry (1 #fg2 c\rage (1 #fh2 eggs (1 de/roy$ by ,m>% ,wr51 #gb2 intellig5ce (1 #ge2 eat+ eggs1 #ge4 ,blackbird1 ,r$-w+$1 #bf1 #fi1 #gj1 #id1 #aid4 ,bl9ds1 #bc4 ,bobol9k1 #ie1 #ajj1 #aid4 ,bonav5ture ,isl&1 #acj1 #ach1 #aci1 #ada4 ,b\rque1 ,capta9 ,pet]1 #afd4 ,brew/]1 ,william1 #fc1 #ajc1 #acc1 #afj4 ,bryant1 ,dr4 ,h5ry1 #aei4 ,bryon ,isl&1 #aeb1 #afb4 ,bulb1 #ba1 #bb4 ,canadian ,gov]nm5t1 #ahi4 ,c>ti]1 ,jacques1 #aed4 ,cape ,breton1 #aeb4 ,catbird1 #cg4 ,cat-tails1 #ij4 ,cam]a1 uses (1 #a-d2 k9ds (1 #f4 ,h&1 #h2 ,ke>ton's1 #g2 long-focus1 #g2 reflect+1 #h2 tw9-l5s1 #h2 snap-%ot1 #h2 dummy1 #ce2 triumph (1 #aga4 ,cam]as us$ 9 ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 #acc4 ,cannon1 #afj4 ,*ickadee1 tam5ess (1 #dg2 9 ,c5tral ,p>k1 #dh2 photograph+1 #di2 alight+ on h&1 #ea2 ne/+ (1 #eb2 habits (1 :5 ne/+1 #ec-ee2 "y (1 #eg-fa4 ,*uck-w's-wid[1 #adf4 ,civilization1 effects (1 on wild life1 #abh4 ,clamp1 ball-&-socket1 #bb1 #bd1 #bi4 ,cliff photography1 #be4 ,climb]s1 #bd4 ,codfi%+1 #acf4 ,cormorants1 ,d\ble-cre/$1 #acb4 ,corncrake1 #adf4 ,cornel1 #adb4 ,crane1 #he4 ,cr[1 #fe4 ,dalh\sie1 #adf4 ,d>k-clo?1 #bd4 ,de]1 #be4 ,dogwood1 #bf4 ,enl>gem5ts1 photographic1 #g1 #ab1 #ac4 ,f9*1 ,p9e1 #acg4 ,f9d]s1 #h4 ,fla%-light1 #be4 ,flick]1 #ad4 ,food1 photograph+1 #bf4 ,galapagos1 #abi4 ,gall9ule1 ,florida1 #fc1 #fi-ga4 ,gannets1 on ,bonav5ture1 #aci1 #adc-ade2 de/ruction (1 by ,c>ti]1 #aed2 describ$ by ,audubon1 #aeg2 kill$ = bait1 #aeh2 numb] (1 #aei2 decrease (1 #afj2 on ,bird ,bock1 #aga1 #aha-ahc2 photograph+1 #ahg2 fe>lessness (1 #ahg2 mann] ( fe$+1 #ahg4 ,gr& ,entry1 #adg4 ,grebe1 ,pi$-bill$1 #fi1 #gj4 ,gregory1 ,j4 ,u41 #afc4 ,grosse ,isle1 #adg4 ,guillemots1 #adi4 ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,bird ,rocks (1 #abh1 #abi4 ,gull1 ,black-back$1 #adg4 ,h]r+1 on ,p]c ,rock1 #acd2 fe$+ 9 fields1 #acf2 ne/+ on cliffs1 #acg2 note (1 #acg4 ,hack5sack m>%es1 value (1 #hi2 beauty (1 #hi2 geological hi/ory (1 #hi2 fl[]s (1 #ij1 #ib2 animal life (1 #ic4 ,haunts1 photograph+1 #bf4 ,hawk1 ,m>%1 #bi-ca1 #ib4 ,h51 ,hea?1 #aji4 ,moor1 #gj4 ,wat]1 #gj4 ,h]on1 ,great ,blue1 kill+ (1 #he2 wildness (1 #hf2 rook]ies (1 #hf2 ne/s (1 #hg4 ,night1 rook]y (1 #gf2 call (1 #gg2 protection (1 #gg2 ne/s (1 #gh2 food (1 #gh2 limy deposits (1 kill+ vegetation1 #gh2 "y (1 #gi2 dea? ( "y (1 #ha2 fe$+ by p>5ts1 #ha2 fall f ne/1 #ha4 ,home photography1 #dj4 ,h[e1 ,r4 ,,ii1 ,jr41 #abc4 ,iconoscope1 #h4 ,inaccessible ,isl&1 #abi4 ,iris1 #adb4 ,isl&s1 pres]v+ influ5ces (1 #ajh1 #abh4 ,jay1 ,blue1 #db4 ,junco1 #db1 #acg4 ,ke>ton bro!rs1 #g1 #bc1 #be4 ,k]guel5 ,isl&1 #abi4 ,kittiwake1 on ,p]c ,rock1 #acc2 call+1 #agb2 on ,bird ,rock1 #agg2 ne/s & "y (1 #agg2 numb] (1 on ,bird ,rock1 #ahc4 ,lant]n slides1 #g4 ,laysan ,isl&1 #abi4 ,l5s1 !1 #aj4 ,te/s1 #ad-ai4 ,little ,bird ,rock1 #aec4 ,loon1 #gj4 ,lucas1 ,f4 ,a41 #aed4 ,mackay1 ,george ,,ii1 #abc1 #aib4 ,magdal5 ,isl&s1 #acj1 #adf4 ,m>% ,birds1 notes (1 #gj4 ,mall[1 #ib1 #ic4 ,my/]y (1 #gj4 ,m>yl& ,yell[-?roat1 #bi1 #ch4 ,massa*usetts3 ,bo/on1 #db2 ,cambridge1 #fc2 ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d1 #aji2 ,muskeget1 #aji2 ,p5ikese1 #ajh1 #abb-abg2 ,weepeckets1 #aji2 ,wood's ,holl1 #aji4 ,mayn>d1 ,c4 ,j41 #afj4 ,mc,kinlay1 ,james1 #adf4 ,migration1 #bg2 speculations on orig9 (1 #aia-aie4 ,mirror1 #bd4 ,m\nt ,/4 ,anne1 #acg4 ,murre1 ,brnni*'s1 #afi2 numb] (1 on ,bird ,rock1 #ahc4 ,common1 #afi2 numb] (1 on ,bird ,rock1 #ahc4 ,r+$1 #agd4 ,eggs & "y (1 de/roy$1 #afj1 #afa2 on ,bryon1 #afb2 on ,bird ,rock1 #afg2 tam5ess (1 #agj2 eggs (1 #agd1 #age2 "y (1 #age2 numb] (1 on ,bird ,rock1 #ahb4 ,ne/s & ,eggs1 photograph+1 #bh4 ,new ,j]sey3 ,englewood1 #eb2 ,hack5sack ,m>%es1 #hi4 ,new ,york3 ,c5tral ,p>k1 #dh2 ,cayuga ,c\nty1 #fe1 #fi1 #hf2 ,great ,gull ,isl&1 #ajh2 ,long ,isl&1 #ajg4 ,nu?at*1 #db4 ,ologi/s1 #fe4 ,owl1 use (1 9 photograph+ birds1 #cg4 ,b>r$1 #df4 ,scree*1 photograph+1 #dd2 calls (1 #dd1 #de2 food (1 #de2 mann] ( fe$+ (1 #de2 "y (1 #de4 ,%ort-e>$1 #di4 ,pelican1 ,br[n1 #adf2 return+ to ,pelican ,isl&1 #aib1 #aie2 p]secution (1 #aie1 #aif2 daily habits (1 #aig-aii1 #bjb2 pugnacity & calls ( "y (1 #aih1 #aij2 flight (1 #bjj2 mann] ( fi%+ (1 #bja2 p\* (1 #bja2 numb] (1 on ,pelican ,isl&1 #bjd1 #bje2 ne/+ (1 #bje-bjg2 developm5t & habits ( "y (1 #bjg-bac2 fe$+ (1 #baj2 voicelessness ( adult (1 #bac4 ,isl&1 #aia-bad4 ,p5nsylvania3 ,presque ,isle1 #fd4 ,p]c1 isolation (1 #acj2 *>m (1 #ace4 ,rock1 #acj2 size (1 #acb2 birds (1 #acb1 #acc1 #ace4 ,petrel1 ,lea*'s1 on ,bird ,rock1 #agi2 ne/+ (1 #ahj2 "y (1 #aha2 call (1 #ahe2 habits (1 at night1 #ahe4 ,pict\1 #adf4 ,plates1 photographic1 #bb4 ,puff9s1 on ,bryon1 #afb2 on ,bird ,rock1 #afi1 #agj2 ne/+1 #agg2 f]ocity (1 #agh2 appe>ance (1 #agi2 numb] (1 on ,bird ,rock1 #ahb4 ,rav51 #acg4 ,rail1 ,clapp]1 #gj4 ,sora1 #ie1 #ajj4 ,razorbills1 on ,bird ,rock1 #afg1 #afi2 tam5ess (1 #agj2 ne/+ (1 #agf2 "y (1 #agf2 numb] (1 on ,bird ,rock1 #ahc4 ,r$ ,c$>1 #bf4 ,re$bird1 #bf1 #ie4 ,rob91 #bb1 #aia4 ,r[ley1 ,john1 #i4 ,sable ,isl&1 #aia4 ,scre5 = ne/ photography1 #ca4 ,seasons1 photograph+1 #bg4 ,%elb\rne1 ,w4 ,e41 #adi1 #agc4 ,%iras1 ,g4 ,a41 #be4 ,%utt]1 curta91 #i2 focal-plane1 #i1 #bj2 iris1 #ai2 unicum1 #ae1 #bj4 ,sn[1 photograph+ aft]1 #da4 ,sp>r[1 ,fox1 #adi4 ,h\se1 photograph+1 #dj1 #dc2 notes (1 #da2 intellig5ce (1 #dj1 #dc4 ,ipswi*1 #aia4 ,savanna1 #acg4 ,swamp1 #ie1 #ajj4 ,:ite-?roat$1 #acg1 #adb4 ,swall[1 ,bank1 #if4 ,b>n1 #if4 ,eave1 #if4 ,r\gh-w+$1 #if4 ,tree1 ne/+ site (1 #bi2 range (1 #if2 9 ,hack5sack m>%es1 #if2 roo/+ habits (1 #if2 ev5+ & morn+ flights (1 #ig-aja2 ba?+ 9 trees1 #aja2 exhibit+ procreative & ne/+ habits prematurely1 #ajc2 migration (1 #ajd4 ,tabor1 ,e4 ,g41 #fe4 ,tak]1 ,capta9 ,hubb>d1 #aea1 #afc1 #ahf1 #ahi4 ,telephoto1 #ab1 #ag4 ,t]n1 ,arctic1 #aaa4 ,common1 #aji2 ne/+ (1 #aaj1 #aab2 action ( colony (1 #aaa2 notes (1 #aaa1 #aag2 brav]y (1 #aaa2 "y (1 #aab-aad1 #aah1 #abb1 #abe2 return+ to ne/1 #aae2 photograph+1 #aaf1 #aag2 he>+ (1 #abj2 on %eep1 #abc4 ,roseate1 on ,weepeckets1 #aji1 #aaj2 note (1 #aaa2 on ,p5ikese1 #abc4 ,t]ns1 uses (1 #ajf2 grace & beauty (1 #ajf2 de/ruction (1 #ajg2 on isl&s1 #ajh2 protection (1 #ajh1 #abg4 ,?ru%1 ,wood1 #ci4 ,t[hee1 #ch4 ,tree trunk1 artificial1 #bc1 #cf4 ,tripod1 #bb1 #bh4 ,tub+1 #bb4 ,tw9-fl[]1 #adb4 ,vireo1 ,r$-ey$1 #ci4 ,:ite-ey$1 #ci4 ,yell[-?roat$1 #ci4 ,virg9ia3 ,cobb's ,isl&1 #ajg4 ,w>bl]1 ,blue-w+$1 #ch4 ,*e/nut-sid$1 #ch4 ,wild *]ry1 #bf4 ,wild rice1 #ib1 #id4 ,w9t]1 fe$+ birds 91 #db4 ,woodcock1 #bf4 ,woodpeck]1 ,d[ny1 #db4 ,wr51 ,long-bill$ ,m>%1 #fi1 #gb1 #id4 ,,! ,,end ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,by ,,frank ,m4 ,,*apman4 ,bird ,/udies ) a ,cam]a4 ,) ,introductory ,*apt]s on ! ,outfit & ,me?ods ( ! ,bird ,photograph]4 ,by ,,frank ,m4 ,,*apman1 ,assi/ant ,curator ( ,v]tebrate ,zology 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory2 ,au?or ( 8,h&book ( ,birds ( ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica0 & 8,bird-,life40 ,illu/rat$ ) ov] #ajj ,photographs f ,nature by ! ,au?or4 #abmo4 ,clo?1 #a4ge4 ,bird /ud5ts & photograph]s w f9d t ?is book possesses = !m a unique int]e/ & value4 ,x conta9s fasc9at+ acc\nts ( ! habits ( "s ( our common birds & descriptions ( ! l>ge/ bird colonies exi/+ 9 ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 :ile its au?or's ph5om5al success 9 photograph+ birds 9 ,nature n only l5ds to ! illu/rations ! *>m ( realism1 b makes ! book a record ( surpris+ a*ievem5ts ) ! cam]a4 ,! book is practical z well z descriptive1 & 9 ! op5+ *apt]s ! que/ions ( cam]a1 l5s1 plates1 bl9ds1 decoys1 & o!r p]t95t matt]s are fully discuss$1 mak+ ! "w an admirable guide = ! cam]a hunt]4 ,bird-,life4 ,a ,guide to ! ,/udy ( our ,common ,birds4 ,) #ge full-page ,plates & num]\s ,text ,draw+s by ,erne/ ,seton-,?ompson4 ,,libr>y ,,edition1 #abmo1 clo?1 #a4ge2 ,,tea*]s' ,,edition1 same z ,libr>y ,edition1 b conta9+ an ,app5dix1 ) new matt] design$ = ! use ( tea*]s1 & includ+ li/s ( birds = ea* mon? ( ! ye>1 #abmo1 clo?1 #b4jj4 ,edition ) #ge ,color$ ,li?ographic ,plates1 #hvo1 clo?1 #e4jj4 ,,tea*]s' ,,manual4 ,to accompany ,portfolios ( ,,color$ ,,plates ( 8,bird-,life40 ,conta9s ! same text z ! ,tea*]s' ,edition ( 8,bird-,life10 b is )\t ! #ge uncolor$ plates4 ,sold only ) ! ,portfolios1 z foll[s3 ,portfolio ,no4 ,i4 ,p]man5t ,resid5ts & ,w9t] ,visitants4 #cb plates4 ,portfolio ,no4 ,,ii4 ,m>* & ,april ,migrants4 #bd plates4 ,portfolio ,no4 ,,iii4 ,may ,migrants1 ,types ( ,birds' ,eggs1 & #i half-tone plates %[+ ,types ( ,birds' ,ne/s4 #cd ,plates4 ,price ( ,portfolios1 ea*1 #a4be2 ) ! ,,manual1 #b4jj2 ! ?ree ,portfolios1 ) ! ,,manual1 #d4jj4 ,h&book ( ,birds ( ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,) ,keys to ! ,species1 ,descriptions ( _! ,plumages1 ,ne/s1 etc41 & _! ,di/ribution & ,migrations4 ,) ov] #bjj ,illu/rations4 #abmo4 ,,libr>y ,,edition1 #c4jj2 ,,pocket ,,edition1 flexible cov]s1 #c4ej4 ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company',s ,,publications4 ,,famili> ,,life ,,9 ,,field ,,& ,,=e/4 ,by ,f4 ,,s*uyl] ,,ma!ws4 ,uni=m ) 8,famili> ,fl[]s10 8,famili> ,trees10 & 8,famili> ,features ( ! ,roadside40 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 #abmo4 ,clo?1 #a4ge4 ,! great popul>ity ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,s*uyl] ,ma!ws's *>m+ly illu/rat$ books ^u fl[]s1 trees1 & roadside life insures a cordial reception = 8 =?com+ book1 :i* describes ! animals1 reptiles1 insects1 & birds commonly met ) 9 ! c\ntry4 ,8 book w be f\nd a mo/ conv5i5t & int]e/+ guide to an acqua9tance ) common wild creatures4 ,,famili> ,,features ,,( ,,! ,,roadside4 ,by ,f4 ,,s*uyl] ,,ma!ws1 au?or ( 8,famili> ,fl[]s ( ,field & ,g>d510 8,famili> ,trees & _! ,leaves10 etc4 ,) #acj ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or4 #abmo4 ,clo?1 #a4ge4 8,:i* "o ( u1 :e!r afoot1 a:eel1 on horseback1 or 9 com=table c>riage1 has n :il$ away ! "t by glanc+ ab\t8 ,h[ _m ( u1 h[ev]1 h tak5 9 ! details ( :at *>ms u8 ,we see ! fl[]+ fields & budd+ woods1 li/5 to ! notes ( birds & frogs1 ! hum ( "s big bumblebee1 b h[ mu* d we "k ( :at we s5se8 ,^! que/ions1 ^! d\bts h occurr$ to all ( u1 & x is to answ] !m t ,mr4 ,ma!ws sets =?4 ,x is to 8 cr$it t he succe$s s well4 ,he puts be=e u 9 *ronological ord] ! fl[]s1 birds1 & bea/s we meet on our highway & byway travels1 tells u h[ to recognize !m1 :at !y are really l1 & gives u at once *>m+ draw+s 9 words & l9es1 = ,mr4 ,ma!ws is 8 own illu/rator40--,bo/on ,j\rnal4 ,,famili> ,,trees ,,& ,,_! ,,leaves4 ,by ,f4 ,,s*uyl] ,,ma!ws1 au?or ( 8,famili> ,fl[]s ( ,field & ,g>d510 8,! ,beautiful ,fl[] ,g>d510 etc4 ,illu/rat$ ) ov] #bjj ,draw+s f ,nature by ! ,au?or1 & giv+ ! botanical names & habitat ( ea* tree & record+ ! precise "* & color+ ( its leafage4 #abmo4 ,clo?1 #a4ge4 8,x is n (t5 t we f9d a book :i* des]ves su* unres]v$ comm5dation4 ,x is comm5dable = sev]al reasons3 x is a book t has be5 ne$$ = a long "t1 x is writt5 9 a popul> & attractive /yle1 x is accurately & pr(usely illu/rat$1 & x is by an au?ority on ! subject ( :i* x treats40--,public ,op9ion4 ,,famili> ,,fl[]s ,,( ,,field ,,& ,,g>d54 ,by ,f4 ,,s*uyl] ,,ma!ws4 ,illu/rat$ ) #bjj ,draw+s by ! ,au?or4 #abmo4 ,libr>y ,edition1 clo?1 #a4ge2 ,pocket ,edition1 flexible morocco1 #b4be4 8,a book ( mu* value & int]e/1 admirably arrang$ = ! /ud5t & ! lov] ( fl[]s4444 ,! text is full ( compact in=mation1 well select$ & int]e/+ly pres5t$4444 ,x seems to u to be a mo/ attractive h&book ( its k9d40--,new ,york ,sun4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,taxid]my4 ,by ,,john ,,r[ley1 ,*ief ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,taxid]my 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,illu/rat$4 #abmo4 ,clo?1 #b4jj4 ,mr4 ,r[ley has introduc$ new features into ! art :i* h n be5 describ$ 9 pr9t be=e1 & 8 book repres5ts ! late/ advances 9 taxid]my z an art & z a sci5ce4 ,he takes a hunt+ p>ty to ! ,canadian woods 9 8 op5+ *apt]1 & gives a s]ies ( vivid pictures ( actual field "w4 ,?is is foll[$ by a s]ies ( c>eful explanations ( ! prop] treatm5t ( animals1 l>ge & small1 ( birds1 & heads4 ,! _m lov]s ( outdoor sport :o are int]e/$ z amateurs 9 ! v>i\s phases ( taxid]my w f9d _! requirem5ts fully met1 :ile to pr(essional taxid]mi/s ?is important & compreh5sive "w w be indisp5sable4 ,x is elaborately illu/rat$4 ,,insect ,,life4 ,by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,com/ock1 ,pr(essor ( ,entomology 9 ,cornell ,univ]sity4 ,) ,illu/rations by ,anna ,bots=d ,com/ock1 memb] ( ! ,society ( ,am]ican ,wood ,engrav]s4 #abmo4 ,libr>y ,edition1 clo?1 #b4ej2 ,tea*]s' & ,/ud5ts' ,edition1 #a4ej4 8,any "o :o w g ?r\gh ! "w ) fidelity w be rew>d$ by a k ( insect life :i* w be ( pleasure & b5efit to him at all seasons1 & w give an increas$ *>m to ! days or weeks sp5t ea* summ] outside ( ! great cities4 ,x is ! be/ book ( its class :i* has yet appe>$40--,new ,york ,mail & ,express4 8,! arrangem5t ( ! lessons & exp]im5ts & ! advice on collection & manipulation are only "s ( ! v admirable features ( a "w t mu/ take fir/ place 9 ! class to :i* x belongs40--,philadelphia ,press4 8,! volume is admirably writt51 & ! simple & lucid /yle is a con/ant delight4444 ,x is sure to s]ve an excell5t purpose 9 ! direction ( popul> culture1 & ! love ( natural sci5ce :i* x w develop 9 y\?ful m9ds c h>dly fail to be> ri* fruit40--,bo/on ,beacon4 ,,outl9es ,,( ,,! ,,e>?',s ,,hi/ory4 ,by ,pr(4 ,n4 ,s4 ,,%al]1 ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,illu/rat$4 #abmo4 ,clo?1 #a4ge4 8,any "o :o reads ! prelim9>y *apt]s w n /op until he has read ! entire book4 ,! subject is c]ta9ly "o ( supreme int]e/1 & x w\ld be h>d to f9d any "o m compet5t to write ab\t x ?an ,pr(essor ,%al]40--,new ,york ,h]ald4 8,pr(essor ,%al] =tunately possesses a popul> /yle1 & :at he writes on a sci5tific topic is ent]ta9+ z well z in/ructive4 ,?is book is illu/rat$ ) a numb] ( spl5did full-page cuts1 :i* admirably illum9ate ! "w40--,bo/on ,globe4 8,pr(essor ,%al]1 ( ,h>v>d1 9 ! well-word$ text & ! h&some illu/rations1 pres5ts an int]e/+ & in/ructive volume to ! /ud5ts ( physiography4 ,x is a simple /udy ( ! e>?'s hi/ory1 reveal+ ,nature's processes & its cont9u\s & increas+1 unceas+ en]gies4 ,x is well calculat$ to ar\se an int]e/ 9 geological /udy1 z x furni%es ! key to unlock "s ( ! great my/]ies ! /ud5t meets 9 ?is broad field ( sci5ce4444 ,he expla9s _m curi\s ph5om5a4 ,! "w is v free f te*nicalities1 & is s pla9ly told z to be easily und]/ood by e intellectual read]40--,*icago ,int]-,ocean4 ,,appletons' ,,home-,,read+ ,,books4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,t4 ,,h>ris1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,ll4 ,d41 ,u4 ,s4 ,commission] ( ,education4 ,,class$ ,,9 ,,f\r ,,divisions1 ,,z ,,foll[s3 ,,! ,,fir/ comprises natural hi/ory1 includ+ popul> treatises on plants & animals1 & also descriptions ( geographical localities1 all ( :i* p]ta9 to ! /udy ( geography 9 ! common s*ools4 ,descriptive a/ronomy1 & any?+ t relates to organic ,nature1 comes "u ?is head4 ,,! ,,second includes :atev] relates to natural philosophy1 /atics1 dynamics1 prop]ties ( matt]1 & *emi/ry1 organic & inorganic4 ,,! ,,?ird cov]s hi/ory1 biography1 e?nology1 e?ics1 civics1 & all t relates to ! lives ( individuals or ( nations4 ,,! ,,f\r?1 works ( g5]al lit]ature t portray human nature 9 ! =m ( feel+s1 emotions1 & ! v>i\s expressions ( art & music4 ,net4 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,birds4 ,j4 ,n4 ,,baskett #j4fe ,! ,/ory ( ! ,fi%es4 ,j4 ,n4 ,,baskett 4#ge ,! ,plant ,_w4 ,,frank ,,v9c5t 4#fj ,! ,animal ,_w4 ,,frank ,,v9c5t 4#fj ,! ,insect ,_w4 ,c4 ,m4 ,,we$ 4#fj ,! ,/ory ( ,oliv] ,twi/4 ,,ella ,b4 ,,kirk 4#fj ,! ,/ory ( ,rob ,roy4 ,,edi? 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edition1 revis$ to #ahih4 ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,by ,r4 ,,lydekk]1 ,b4 ,a42 ,w4 ,f4 ,,kirby1 ,f4 ,l4 ,s42 ,b4 ,b4 ,,woodw>d1 ,f4 ,l4 ,s42 ,r4 ,,kirkpatrick2 ,r4 ,i4 ,,pocock2 ,r4 ,,b[dl] ,,%>pe1 ,,ll4 ,d42 ,w4 ,,g>/ang1 ,m4 ,a42 ,f4 ,a4 ,,ba!r1 ,m4 ,a41 & ,h4 ,m4 ,,b]n>d1 ,m4 ,a4 ,ne>ly #hjj pages1 & #ejj ,illu/rations drawn especially = ?is "w4 ,a/ronomy4 ,fully illu/rat$4 ,by ,,agnes ,m4 ,,cl]ke1 ,a4 ,,f[l]1 ,f4 ,r4 ,a4 ,s41 ,demon/rator ( ,a/ronomical ,physics ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,sci5ce1 & ,j4 ,,ell>d ,,gore1 ,f4 ,r4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,alaska ,,& ,,! ,,klondike4 ,,by ,,angelo ,,heilpr94 ,a ,j\rney to ! ,new ,eldorado4 ,) ,h9ts to ! ,travel] & ,obs]vations on ! ,physical ,hi/ory & ,geology ( ! ,gold ,regions1 ! ,condition ( & ,me?ods ( ,work+ ! ,klondike ,plac]s1 & ! ,laws ,gov]n+ & ,regulat+ ,m9+ 9 ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory ( ,canada4 ,by ,,angelo ,,heilpr91 ,pr(essor ( ,geology at ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces ( ,philadelphia1 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,geographical ,society ( ,london1 ,pa/-,presid5t ( ! ,geographical ,society ( ,philadelphia1 etc4 ,fully illu/rat$ f ,photographs & ) a new ,map ( ! ,gold ,regions4 #abmo4 ,clo?1 #a4ge4 8,w take & reta9 imm$iate rank z a contribution ( ess5tial value n only to ! lit]ature ( travel1 b to t ( ,am]ican comm]cial & political developm5t4444 ,%\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e p]son int]e/$ ei!r 9 fact or 9 prospect 9 ,alaska & ! ,klondike40--,brooklyn ,/&>d-,union4 8,= ! fir/ "t ! new gold fields ( ! ,nor? 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