,,pegasus                               
,,to-,,day ,,and ,,to-,,morrow          
,for a full list of this ,series see the
 end                               of   
this ,book    ,illustration3      ,,guy 
,,one-,,ton ,,lorry      ,hauling a full
 load up a one-in-two gradient 7notice  
the vertical      stick hanging from    
string from lamp bracket7               
,frontispiece                           
,,pegasus                               
,,problems ,,of ,,transportation        
,,by                                    
,,colonel ,j4 ,f4 ,c4 ,,fuller          
,,with #h ,,plates                      
,,london                  ,,kegan       
,,paul1 ,,trench1 ,,trubner  ,,co41     
,,ltd4                        ,,new     
,,york3 ,e4 ,p4 ,,dutton  ,,co4         
,printed in ,great ,britain by          
,,mackays ,,ltd41 ,,chatham             
,,preface      ,the first part of this  
little book1 namely 8,the ,battle of the
 ,iron  ,horse10 appeared1 very much as 
it stands1 in the ,september number of  

,the ,national ,review1 #aibe1 and ,i   
have to thank the editor1 ,mr4 ,leo     
,maxse1 for his kindness in allowing me 
to republish it4    ,the second part is 
based partially on personal experience  
and  reflection1 and partially on the   
lectures and papers of others4 ,in the  
war1 the tank brought me to realize the 
enormous possibilities of  cross-country
 movement1 and1 in #aiba1 ,i set down my
 ideas as regards its  commercial future
 in a pamphlet entitled ,economic       
,movement1 which was  published in      
#aibb4    ,of the works of others1 ,i   
have borrowed ideas from the            
following3--    8,improvements in the   
,efficiency of ,roadless ,vehicles40 ,a 
paper read  before the members of ,the  
,institution of ,automobile ,engineers1 
by  ,colonel ,p4 ,h4 ,johnson1          
,c4,b4,e41 ,d4,s4,o41 ,december1 #aiba4 
8,multi-,wheel and ,track ,motor40 ,a   
paper read before the members of the    
above ,institution by ,major ,t4 ,g4    
,tulloch1 ,march1 #aibc4    8,the       

,progress of ,mechanical ,engineering in
 the ,military ,service40 ,a  lecture   
delivered before the members of ,the    
,institution of ,mechanical  ,engineers1
 by ,major ,g4 le ,q4 ,martel1          
,d4,s4,o41 ,m4,c41 ,january1 #aibd4     
8,transport in ,tropical ,africa40 ,a   
paper read before the members of ,the   
,royal ,society of ,arts1 by ,mr4 ,r4   
,h4 ,brackenbury1 ,february1 #aibe4     
8,the ,roadless ,transport ,problem40 ,a
 paper read before the members of ,the  
,british ,association1 by ,colonel ,p4  
,h4 ,johnson1 ,c4,b4,e41 ,d4,s4,o41     
,august1  #aibe4                        
,j4,f4,c4,f4      ,staff ,college1      
,camberley4      ,november1 #aibe4      
,,contents                              
,,page                  ,,introduction  
#i                         ,,the        
,,battle ,,of ,,the ,,iron ,,horse      
,the ,railway ,centenary                
#ac                  ,the ,protean      
,problem                  #ag           
,the ,x-,ray ,transporter               

#bj                  ,erichthonius1     
,wheelwright            #be             
,the ,philosopher's ,steam              
#bi                  ,george            
,stephenson1 ,engine-wright     #cb     
,the ,nature of the ,beast              
#dj                  ,protean ,ignorance
                    #dd                 
,,the ,,conquest ,,of ,,the ,,elysian   
,,fields                  ,the ,equation
 of ,power and ,movement   #dh          
,the ,riddle of the ,gordian ,knot      
#eb                  ,the ,problem of   
,unemployment          #ei              
,the ,problem of ,power                 
#ff                  ,problems of       
,movement                 #fi           
,two-,dimensional ,movement             
#gg                  ,the ,elysian      
,fields                   #hg           
,the ,wings of ,pegasus                 
#ia                                     
,,pegasus                               
,,problems ,,of ,,transportation        
,,introduction      ,whatever man does  

entails movement1 mental or bodily4     
,movement is1 in  fact1 the mainspring  
of his evolution and of the civilization
 which this  evolution engenders2       
consequently1 in the economic growth of 
movement  must be sought the direction  
of all progress1 both physical and      
psychological4 ,as the mind of man      
moves1 so does the world1 in which  this
 mind works1 move round him1 delivering 
up to his imagination and  his hands the
 mysteries it so sedulously hides4 ,for 
it is through the  conquest of mysteries
 that man1 the mystery of mysteries1    
strides out of  a dark and unknown past 
towards some unknown future4    ,it     
would be both logical and easy1 ,i      
think1 to start with the soles of  man's
 feet and to work upwards to his brain4 
,to show how1 from simple  walking1     
man's natural means of progression1 he  
took to riding1 and then  thought of the
 oar1 the wheel and the sail1 until     
to-day he rushes over  the surface of   
the earth1 surges through the waves and 

roars through the  air1 excelling the   
horse1 the fish and the bird4 ,but in so
 small a book  as this it is not my     
intention to write a history of         
transportation4 ,in  place1 ,i intend to
 consider two things3 first1 the        
reaction against  novelty of movement1  
and secondly1 the possibilities of what 
to-day is  still a novel form of        
movement1 namely1 the movement of       
roadless  vehicles1 that is of vehicles 
which do not require roads for their    
locomotion4 ,also1 ,i intend to show how
 these vehicles may help us solve       
several of our most pressing problems1  
and above all that of  over-population  
at home and under-population in our     
,dominions and  ,colonies4    ,if ,i can
 do this with any semblance of success1 
it may perhaps excuse  the restrictions 
,i am placing on this subject1 for ,i   
fully realize the  immense future       
possibilities of other means of         
movement4 ,the railway has  not come to 
the end of its evolution1 far from it to

 any reader of ,mr4  ,horniman's book1  
8,how to ,make the ,railways ,pay for   
the ,war10 in which  ,mr4 ,gattie's     
8third-dimensional0 railway system is   
described1 a system  which bids fair1   
were it introduced1 to prove as         
revolutionary as ,george  ,stephenson's 
locomotive itself4 ,nor has the         
steamship1 except perhaps in  size1     
reached its utmost development1 for     
every day heralds a further             
improvement1 and1 as for aircraft1 they 
are scarcely out of the nursery2  yet ,i
 am of opinion that1 until a radical    
change in their engines is  introduced1 
and this change may demand a new motive 
force1 their utility  in peace will be  
severely restricted1 and1 if restricted 
in peace1 in  numbers they are not      
likely to be so numerous in war as some 
people  imagine4 ,i mention these things
 here because of the limit ,i have      
placed  on the items ,i intend to       
examine when compared to the subject of 
economic movement as a whole4    ,i have

 called this little book ,pegasus1 not  
only because this famous  steed had     
wings1 which to me are the wings of     
imagination1 but because  he was born   
near the sources of the ocean and sprang
 from the blood of  ,medusa4 ,to me1 the
 sources of the ocean are symbolic of   
these little  islands of ours1 which    
produced not only the first practical   
steam  engine and the first locomotive1 
but also the footed wheel which         
developed into the caterpillar track4   
,further1 ,medusa1 that monster who     
turned all who gazed on her to stone1 is
 surely the incarnation of that         
obstructive ignorance which1 by impeding
 originality of idea and novelty  of    
action1 compels thought and things to   
grow1 and through struggle with  her to 
prove their utility and worth4          
,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,the ,,iron ,,horse
                               ,,the    
,,railway ,,centenary    ,i must begin  
somewhere1 and since ,i refuse to begin 
at the soles of  men's feet1 which are  

the beginning of his anatomy1 the earth 
is our  natural datum point1 ,i will    
begin just a hundred years ago1 when the
  world we know to-day was as remote    
from the world as it was then1 as the   
world ,i hope to point the way to will1 
in many ways1 be as remote from  the    
world as it is now4    ,on the #bgth of 
,september1 of this very year in which  
,i write1 took place  the centenary of  
the opening of the ,stockton and        
,darlington railway1 and  though it was 
not the first line to be constructed in 
,england 7for the  ,killingworth railway
 was built in #ahad1 and again this was 
not the first  upon which locomotives   
ran71 its claim to priority is          
nevertheless well  founded1 for it was  
the first railway the public noticed1   
and1 in  democratic countries1 the birth
 of anything original must date from the
  moment the most ignorant in the land  
realize its existence4 ,it flatters     
ignorance to be always first--such is   
democratic pride4    ,the #bgth of      

,september1 #ahbe1 was a very remarkable
 day in the world's  history1 one of    
those birthdays which have no           
predictable date1 but  which depend on  
the outburst of genius of some great    
man4 ,the great man  was a humble and   
self-taught engine-wright from          
,killingworth1 one ,george  ,stephenson1
 albeit an honest and persevering man1 a
 worker1 a thinker  and a dreamer2 one  
of those human thunder clouds which1    
from time to  time1 beat up against the 
conventional currents of thought1 and   
out of  which flash the lightnings of   
unsuspected things--a very remarkable   
and  creative man4    ,on the #bgth of  
,september1 a hundred years ago1 a great
 concourse of  people assembled at      
,brusselton ,incline1 some nine miles   
from ,darlington4  ,there1 the          
travelling engine1 as it was called1    
driven by ,george  ,stephenson1 the     
greatest genius of his age1 moved       
forward amidst shrill  blasts of its    
whistle1 8with its immense train of     

carriages10  thirty-eight in number2    
8and such was its velocity10 writes an  
eye-witness1 8that in some parts the    
speed was frequently twelve miles  an   
hour60 ,it took sixty-five minutes to   
cover the nine miles to  ,darlington1   
and the multitude stood aghast6    ,but 
the other day1 ,i travelled in the      
8,detroiter0 from ,new ,york to near  by
 the front door of ,mr4 ,henry          
,ford--another remarkable and           
self-taught  revolutionary--the         
distance1 if ,i remember rightly1 some  
seven hundred  and fifty miles1 and the 
time taken was fourteen hours4 ,from    
,brusselton  ,incline the iron horse    
hauled away1 amidst wild excitement1 the
  stupendous load of ninety tons4 ,at   
,pittsburg1 ,i have seen locomotives    
hauling six and seven thousand tons of  
coal1 puffing by all unobserved4        
,surely ,einstein is right1 the relative
 is only true1 and ninety tons in  #ahbe
 was almost as unbelievable as to-day   
would be a centaur galloping  between   

the taxis of ,piccadilly or ,fifth      
,avenue4    ,all this must have been    
remembered during the centenary         
celebrations  this year1 and broadcast  
from meeting room1 assembly hall and    
dinner  table1 for centenaries lose     
their interest without much feeding4    
,there1  little men in tail coats1      
morning jackets and lounge suits1 some  
with  trousers creased and others       
somewhat baggy at the knee1 according to
 the  political creed of the wearer1 in 
port and beer1 and1 in ,america1 ,i know
  not what1 toasted the memory of the   
great man4 ,pans and praise gushed  from
 their arid heads like the water from   
the rock smitten by ,moses4  ,these     
little men1 sitting for a bare few      
minutes on the chariot wheel of  genius1
 did say1 8,what a dust do we raise60   
,and in our morning papers we  read of  
all this blather and pomposity1 and     
overlooked an eternal truth4  ,for we   
got into our railway carriages next day 
and complained of their  unfitness for  

human habitation1 even of the most      
temporary nature1 and  condemned the    
line we were travelling on as           
impossible1 because the  train was five 
minutes late4 ,outwardly a very ordinary
 picture1 all  this--the drinking1      
speechmaking and travelling troubles of 
little men1  some strap-hangers to      
genius1 but most quite normal           
nonentities2 yet  behind it all lurks a 
somewhat interesting problem--the       
protean  psychology of the very ordinary
 man4                                   
,,the ,,protean ,,problem    ,since that
 famous ,brusselton gathering1 the noise
 of which has long  deafened the world  
to the wonder of its sound1 what changes
 do we see6 ,a  whole earth rejuvenated1
 as humanity1 like a shuttle1 works the 
woof of  a new civilization through the 
warp of an old4 ,civilization is built  
on  movement1 and the picture of life   
to-day is as different from that of     
#ahbe1 in rough proportion1 as a cinema 
show differs from a neolithic  rock     

painting4 ,in this short hundred years1 
the life span of a very old  man1 such a
 revolution has been brought about by   
the locomotive that the  world has been 
reborn4 ,and1 to our limited            
intelligence1 always that of  a child1  
we have forgotten the events of this    
first birthday2 and the  changes1 which 
it conjured out of the depths of        
ignorance1 are to-day  accepted by us   
all as the essentials of our            
surroundings and as  necessitous to our 
lives4    ,if some magician could appear
 to-day1 and1 by a wave of his wand1    
banish  all railroads to limbo1 a       
calamity would fall upon this world to  
which  no parallel could be found since 
,noah entered the ,ark4 ,the greatest   
plagues1 famines and wars would vanish  
like wisps of smoke into the  night1    
when compared to its all-consuming      
horror4 ,it would be like  dragging out 
of the human body the arterial and      
venous systems1 and yet  leaving the man
 alive1 an aching mass of bones and     

fiery nerves4 ,the  picture is          
indescribable1 it is beyond the grasp of
 intelligence to grip  it1 and yet1 in  
#ahbe1 the ancestors1 the grandfathers1 
and great  grandfathers1 and great      
grandmothers1 too1 of all the little men
 who in  #aibe were dressed in dinner   
jackets 7or tuxedo1 as they call it over
 the  ,atlantic7 morning coats and      
lounge suits1 made to measure and 8off  
the  peg10 were shouting down ,george   
,stephenson1 even more boisterously than
  their grandsons and great grandsons   
this year shouted him up4 ,this1 then   
is the protean problem1 that eternal    
truth overlooked as we read in our      
newspapers that a workman has been      
killed in ,walworth or a girl has       
deposited a baby outside an ,a4,b4,c4 in
 the ,strand1 and so on1 ad  infinitum1 
the long categories of the normalities  
of life4 ,this is the  inner problem    
,george ,stephenson has to teach us1 and
 let us consider it1  for it is a live  
and moving problem1 and one which will  

not be  masticated by very ordinary men1
 as they gulp down their beer1 their    
port or iced water4 ,it is the problem  
of 8#8,hail1 king of the ,jews1' one    
day and #8,crucify ,him' the next40 ,it 
is1 as ,i say1 the veritable protean    
problem of humanity1 and nine hundred   
and ninety-nine human beings out  of    
every thousand are very1 very1 ordinary 
men4                               ,,the
 ,x-,,ray ,,transporter    ,let us      
picture to ourselves another magician   
descending on this earth of  ours1 a man
 of magic with the prosaic name of ,john
 ,smith1 yet none the  less a man of    
genius1 for all such are magicians in   
very fact4 ,he is a  very modern genius1
 and1 ,i will suppose that he has       
discovered how to  transform any and all
 physical things into ether waves moving
 at #ahf1jjj  miles a second1 and that  
he can precipitate in its original form 
any  article or being sent to any given 
spot2 all this arrived at by tapping  a 
key or pressing a button4    ,what a    

traffic problem is here opened to this  
world2 so immense that it  puts to blush
 the power of that horrid wizard who    
would remove our  railways4 ,its        
conception is no more impossible than   
that of  broadcasting4 ,even in so      
remote a village as ,camberley 7thirty  
miles  distant from ,london1 and there  
,i write71 where electrical genius is   
conspicuously absent1 ,i can switch on  
to ,paris and listen to ,galli ,curci   
or any other human bird4 ,and what      
appears to me far more marvellous1      
simultaneously a fisherman in ,trondhjem
 can do likewise4 ,an immense  audience 
in fact this ,galli ,curci can command1 
and totally unknown to  her1 totally    
unseen and out of contact even with     
itself1 a dust of  individuals1 each    
speck of which can travel on or off her 
song by mere  pressure of the hand1 each
 speck of which can travel by ear at    
infinite  speed and to any civilized    
point on the globe4 ,if this is not     
magic1  what is8    ,if song can be     

etherealized1 why not then the singer8  
,how much more  remarkable would it not 
be1 in place of scanning bold headlines 
of dead  workmen and deposited babies1  
to read that ,melba will sing in ,new   
,york1  at a quarter past three next    
,saturday afternoon1 and at the ,opera  
,house  in ,paris1 that very same day1  
and but twenty minutes later4    ,if we 
can transmit one thing1 surely the day  
must soon come when we  shall be able to
 transmit all things1 and my genius     
,john ,smith is the  man of that day4   
,what could he not do8 ,he could solve  
the traffic  problem in ,regent ,street 
or ,broadway1 for all1 astonished       
reader1 you  would have to do would be  
to sit on a transmitter1 press a button1
 and  in the minutest fraction of a     
second1 you would find yourself in      
,peter  ,robinson's1 or ,mr4 ,morgan's  
office1 or wherever you wanted to go1   
all  for a penny or a couple of cents6  
,he could banish the ,communists to the 
moon1 where there are no capitalists and

 where there is plenty of ice to  keep  
their heads cool4 ,he could replace the 
,league of ,nations by a row  of chairs4
 ,the ,grenadier ,guards would fall in  
to the stentorian yells of  their       
,sergeant-,major to be seated4 ,the     
button would be pressed by the  ,army   
,council and1 in less than a twinkle of 
an eye1 they would be doing  their      
famous goose-step down the ,sieges      
,alle1 to the utter consternation  of   
the terrible ,teuton4    ,dear and      
crawling reader1 what could he not do1  
and what could not you  do8             
,half-a-crown1 or half-a-dollar1 would  
take you round the world--bag1  baggage 
and all4 ,and if you do not forget your 
purse1 you can breakfast  in ,new ,york 
at a cafeteria1 lunch with ,ongo-,pongo 
on the shores of ,lake  ,chad1 have tea 
in ,yoshiwara1 at the 8,nectarine0 for  
choice1 and sup with  ,doris in the     
,bois de ,boulogne at #h4cj--this1      
indeed1 is to live4    ,but what would  
you do--you beefsteak-eating bull of a  

,briton1 yes1 what  would you do8 ,you  
would don your lounge suit or your      
morning coat1 or  your tuxedo1 as your  
great grandfathers did right back in    
#ahbe4 ,you  would become thoroughly    
traditional and would say3 8,why1 this  
man is  mad--a raving lunatic6 ,send me 
to ,lake ,chad8444 ,good ,god1 man1 what
 is he  thinking about 444 ,lock him    
up60    ,then the storm would burst4    
,the leading engineers1 8eminent0 as    
they are  called by every newspaper1    
would say it was contrary to etheric    
law2  ,harley ,street would be          
thoroughly up in arms1 for all their old
 lady  friends might suddenly betake    
themselves in a second to ,madeira and  
get  cured of their ailments2 the       
physicians would say the human frame    
cannot  stand this rush2 the            
bath-chairmen would say that their      
occupation was  gone2 the lawyers would 
say it was illegal and that it would    
lead to the  ,cocos ,islands becoming a 
refuge for criminals2 the soldiers would

 say1  how could they be expected to    
protect this dash dashed land1 why1 it  
did  not fit their strategy1 therefore  
it must be wrong4 ,and what would the   
clergy say8 ,heaven alone knows1 for    
whilst antiquity and things  antiquated 
separate the ,churches1 any novelty of a
 progressive nature is  apt to bring    
them together with amazing unanimity4   
,the reader may be beginning to think   
that ,i1 the writer1 am off my head1    
but ,i am not4 ,so far1 all ,i have done
 is to reveal protean  possibilities1   
now ,i will turn to actualities of the  
same psychological  order4 ,i will      
imagine that this genius ,mr4 ,smith    
has1 in disgust1  removed himself to    
,aldebaran1 and that we are about to get
 back to the  ,brusselton ,incline4     
,,erichthonius1 ,,wheelwright    ,i must
 have missed the ,incline in my haste to
 get back to ,brusselton1  for ,i find  
myself in ,athens in the ,minoan age1 or
 thereabouts1 for the  year is #adhf    
,b4,c4 ,everyone seems very excited2    

porters have thrown down  their baskets 
and are yelling unintelligible words1   
yet of a pronounced  and universal      
meaning2 shoemakers are beating at a    
house door with their  lasts4 ,whatever 
is up8 ,a dainty little creature1 some  
now far away  ,doris1 approaches me and 
says3 8,do you know what that old       
blighter 7my  ,attic is weak7 has done8 
,why1 he has invented a thing called a  
chariot1  and all these poor people have
 lost their jobs40    ,of course1       
,erichthonius never invented the        
chariot2 the idea of a pure  inventor is
 but a piece of proletarian imagery1 a  
morsel of that  ignorance which is the  
soul of the crowd4 ,this old man1 even  
if he ever  lived1 which seems doubtful1
 did no more than ,savery did1 or       
,newcomen1  or ,watt1 or ,stephenson1 or
 ,marconi did2 that is1 he was a link in
 that  great chain we call progress1    
each link being the great thought of a  
great man4 ,tutenkhamon had his chariot 
as we well know1 and many another       

before him1 and we read in the ,acts of 
the ,apostles of a eunuch of great      
authority1 a kind of ,matre d',htel of  
,candace1 queen of the ,ethiopians1     
journeying to ,jerusalem sitting in his 
chariot reading ,esaias1 the  prophet1  
which is no mean compliment to the      
,roman road-makers in  ,palestine4    ,i
 must1 however1 hasten back to          
,brusselton1 for there lies my goal2 but
  stop1 what is this8 8,a whirlicote10 a
 8,noah's ,ark10 or1 in common          
language1 an ,elizabethan coach2 for    
sure--a direct descendent of the        
handicraft of ,erichthonius4 ,the ,earl 
of ,rutland1 it is said1 first built    
whirlicotes in this country1 in #aefe1  
and1 in spite of the villainous         
condition of the roads1 my lords and    
ladies soon took to them4 ,this1        
apparently1 was a sure proof1 in its    
day1 that the country was going to  the 
dogs2 for1 early in the seventeenth     
century1 a bill was brought into        
,parliament 8to prevent the effeminacy  

of men riding in coaches40  ,hitherto   
,englishmen had ridden or walked1 why   
should they not continue  to do so1 why 
not1 indeed8    ,in the first quarter of
 the seventeenth century1 the number of 
coaches  in ,london was reckoned at six 
thousand and odd1 and in a curious old  
book1 published in #afcf1 and recently  
reprinted1 called 8,coach and  ,sedan10 
of these six thousand and odd           
whirlicotes we read3--    8,i easilie   
7quoth ,i7 beleeve it1 when in certaine 
places of the ,citie1  as ,i have often 
observed1 ,i have never come but ,i have
 there1 the way  barricado'd up with a  
,coach1 two1 or three1 that what hast1  
or  businesse soever a man hath2 hee    
must waite my ,ladie 7,i know not whose7
  leasure 7who is in the next shop1     
buying pendants for her eares2 or a     
collar for her dogge7 ere hee can find  
any passage40    ,it is ,regent ,street 
or ,fifth ,avenue over again1 for1      
according to this  author1 when there is
 a new ,masque at ,whitehall1 the       

coaches stand  together 8like           
mutton-pies in a cooke's oven10 and then
 he adds3 and  8hardly you can thrust a 
pole between them60    ,in its turn1 the
 stage coach was opposed tooth and nail1
 because it was  something new4 ,in     
#afga1 ,sir ,henry ,herbert1 ,m4,p41    
stated that3 8,if a man  were to propose
 to convey us regularly to ,edinburgh in
 seven days1 and  bring us back in seven
 more1 should we not vote him to        
,bedlam80 ,sir  ,henry ,herbert is what 
,i call a psychological ,proteus1 a kind
 of  intellectual amoeba which          
propagates itself by simple division1   
the  parts of which are always with us  
and alike--they never die4              
,,the ,,philosopher',s ,,steam    ,the  
,brusselton ,incline is now in sight1 so
 ,i will pause and look back  whilst ,i 
regain breath4 ,the horse of ,troy was a
 very wonderful beast1  and many strange
 things came out of it1 for it was the  
strangest thing  man had seen since the 
,ark4 ,but years after ,troy was burnt1 

a stranger  thing was seen in           
,alexandria4 ,it was called an          
aeolipile1 a kind of  rudimentary steam 
engine1 which was invented by one1      
,hero1 in #acj ,b4,c4  ,he used it to   
open and close the doors of a temple1   
yet it was  eventually destined to open 
the portal of a new world1 a glimpse of 
which would have sent ,hero or ,columbus
 completely out of their minds4  ,yet   
these greater doors remained closed for 
seventeen hundred years1  when another1 
this time ,battista della ,porta1 in the
 year #afja1  re-discovered the power of
 steam4    ,in #afda1 ,marion de ,lorme1
 accompanied by the ,marquis of         
,worcester1  visited the madhouse of the
 ,bictre in ,paris1 and this is what he 
writes3--    8,we were crossing the     
court1 and ,i1 more dead than alive with
 fright1  kept close to my companion's  
side1 when a frightful face appeared    
behind  some immense bars1 and a hoarse 
voice exclaimed1 #8,i am not mad6 ,i am 
not  mad6 ,i have made a discovery that 

would enrich the country that adopted   
it4' #8,what has he discovered8' asked  
our guide4 #8,oh6' answered the  keeper1
 shrugging his shoulders1 #8,something  
trifling enough2 you would  never guess 
it2 it is the use of the steam of       
boiling water4'0    ,who was this       
maniac8 ,it was ,solomon de ,caus1 he   
had a vision whilst  dabbling with steam
 vessels1 and he had seen carriages and 
ships  propelled by steam4 ,this was too
 much for men dressed in half hose and  
doublets1 or whatever was the tuxedo of 
their day4 8,carriages driven by  steam 
444 lock him up60 ,so he was locked up4 
,but the idea lived on1 and  it grew4   
,there was ,giovanni ,branca1 ,edward   
,somerset1 ,marquis of  ,worcester1 then
 ,thomas ,savery1 who1 in #afih1        
obtained a patent for a  water raising  
engine4 ,there were others1 ,jean de    
,hautefeuille1 who1 in  #afgh1 suggested
 the piston2 ,denis ,papin1 #afij1 of   
cylinder and piston  fame4 ,at length   
,thomas ,newcomen1 #agje1 something near

 success2 others  still1 ,humphrey      
,potter1 ,henry ,beighton1 but all      
waiting for the man4  ,then the man came
 in the form of a poor instrument maker1
 and the new  ,jerusalem of the steam   
age was ,glasgow1 for there did he work4
 ,this man  was ,james ,watt1 who1      
having realized that the cylinder of an 
engine  should always be as hot as the  
steam which entered it1 in #agfi threw  
open the doors of the most stupendous   
epoch in economic history4 ,the         
transmutation of heat into mechanical   
work had been discovered1 it was  the   
true stone of the philosophers1 the     
8,open ,sesame0 to another age4         
,,george ,,stephenson1 ,,engine-,,wright
    ,in the very year ,james ,watt built
 the first practical steam engine1      
namely1 the year #agfi--the year        
,napoleon was born--fearful riots were  
taking place in ,russia1 because some   
enlightened person had introduced  the  
potato1 a useful vegetable as we all    
know1 yet at this time one in  which the

 ,russian peasant saw the ,satanic      
thumb1 for he was certain that  this    
humble vegetable was the 8devil's       
apple40 ,though why this should  have   
detracted from its nutritive qualities  
,i cannot say4    ,looking back now1 and
 we are nearing ,brusselton1 it seems to
 me that  there is no difference between
 the spirit of these deluded peasants   
and  those who1 with shoe lasts1 beat   
vigorously on the door of               
,erichthonius's house4 ,they are one and
 all ,sir ,henry ,herberts1 though  the 
particular cut of their clothes may     
differ4 ,george ,stephenson1  having    
studied steam engines in general and    
,mr4 ,trevithick's crude and            
inefficient locomotive in particular1   
determined to build one of his  own1    
and1 with the support of ,lord          
,ravensworth1 he accomplished this  feat
 at ,killingworth in #ahad4 ,there the  
first efficient locomotive was  made4   
,had ,lord ,eldon been a ,russian1 he   
would probably have objected to         

potatoes1 but being an ,englishman he   
preferred bigger game4 8,i am  sorry10  
he said1 8to find the intelligent people
 of the ,north-country  gone mad on the 
subject of railways40 ,a few miles had  
only been opened1  but this was quite   
sufficient to establish madness1 and by 
some other of  his ilk1 the adage1 8,a  
fool and his money are soon parted10 was
 applied  to ,lord ,ravensworth4    ,the
 ,killingworth railway was followed by  
the ,stockton and ,darlington  line4    
,mr4 ,edward ,pease1 the ,quaker        
supporter of ,stephenson1 had said3     
8,let the country but make the          
railroads1 and the railroads will make  
the  country40 ,be it remembered that   
locomotives had been working at         
,killingworth1 and very efficiently1 for
 ten years2 but there were others  who1 
unlike ,mr4 ,pease1 were full of the    
spirit of old ,herbert4 ,the ,duke  of  
,cleveland opposed the measure in       
,parliament1 as the line would pass     
through his fox covers1 and1 due to his 

influence it was thrown out4 ,a  new    
survey was made1 avoiding these precious
 earths1 and the railway was  built4    
,the next line was that between         
,manchester and ,liverpool4 ,lord ,derby
  turned out his farm hands to chase    
,stephenson's surveyors off his         
estates4 ,lord ,sefton did likewise1 and
 the ,duke of ,bridgewater  threatened  
to shoot them at sight4 ,stephenson had 
his theodolite so  often smashed that he
 deemed it wise to hire a prize fighter 
to carry  it4 ,the 8,quarterly ,review0 
supported the project1 and it is curious
 to  read what it said1 for it will give
 the reader some idea of the  virulence 
of the opposition4 ,it says3    8,what  
can be more palpably absurd and         
ridiculous than the prospect held  out  
of locomotives travelling twice as fast 
as stage coaches6 ,we  should as soon   
expect the people of ,woolwich to suffer
 themselves to be  fired off upon one of
 ,congreve's ricochet rockets1 as trust 
themselves  to the mercy of such a      

machine going at such a rate4444 ,we    
trust that  ,parliament will1 in all    
railways it may sanction1 limit the     
speed to  eight or nine miles an hour1  
which we entirely agree with ,mr4       
,sylvester is as great as can be        
ventured on with safety40    ,this was  
praise indeed1 and it is amazing that   
the ,british ,parliament1  which is     
always full of ordinary men1 did not    
take the hint and limit  the speed of   
the locomotive to that of a trotting    
horse4 ,nevertheless1  though this grand
 opportunity was missed1 the            
,parliamentary ,committee  did all in   
its power to obstruct the measure4 ,one 
of its members asked  ,george           
,stephenson3 8,suppose a cow were to    
stray upon the line80 ,there  was a hush
 of horror1 then he added3 8,would not  
that1 think you1 be a  very awkward     
circumstance80 8,yes10 answered         
,stephenson1 8very awkward  indeed--for 
the coo60    ,the leading councils      
openly declared that this 8untaught and 

inarticulate genius0 was mad4444 8,every
 part of the scheme shows that  this man
 has applied himself to a subject of    
which he has no knowledge1  and to which
 he has no science to apply40 ,not only 
would these  locomotive engines be a    
terrible nuisance1 8in consequence of   
the fire  and smoke vomited forth by    
them10 but 8the value of land in the    
neighbourhood of ,manchester alone would
 be deteriorated by no less than        
#bj1jjj60 8,the most absurd scheme that 
ever entered into the head of man  to   
conceive10 shouted ,mr4 ,alderson1 the  
leading counsel4 8,no engineer in  his  
senses would go through ,chat ,moss10   
solemnly declared ,mr4 ,giles1 the  most
 eminent engineer brought forward by the
 opposition4 ,he estimated  the cost of 
such a project at #bgj1jjj4 ,stephenson 
did it for #bh1jjj1  but the line was an
 expensive one as it had so many fox    
covers to avoid4    ,all this was but a 
preliminary skirmish1 the main battle   
now began4 ,the  beef-eating ,briton was

 thoroughly aroused4 ,george ,stephenson
 was  considered to be an incarnation or
 certainly an implement of his ,satanic 
,majesty4 ,the public were appealed to1 
and ever ready to hinder progress1  they
 took off their tuxedo1 smocks1 frocks1 
morning coats or whatever  covered their
 bodies1 and formed phalanx against the 
common foe4 ,a  meeting of ,manchester  
ministers of all denominations was      
convened4 ,this  meeting declared that  
the locomotive was 8in direct opposition
 both to  the law of ,god and to the    
most enduring interests of society40    
,this set  match to powder4 ,the doctors
 declared that the air would be poisoned
 and  birds would die of suffocation4   
,the landowners1 that the preservation  
of  pheasants and foxes was no longer   
possible4 ,householders1 that their     
houses would be burnt down and the air  
polluted by clouds of smoke4            
,horse-breeders1 that horses would      
become extinct4 ,farmers1 that oats and 
hay would be rendered unsaleable4       

,innkeepers1 that inns would be ruined4 
,passengers1 that boilers would burst4  
,heaven knows who--8that the  locomotive
 would prevent cows grazing1 hens       
laying1 and would cause  ladies to give 
premature birth to children at the sight
 of these things  moving at four and a  
half miles an hour60    ,yet there was  
this consolation4 ,the very1 very       
ordinary man1 the ,british  public at   
large1 declared that 8the weight of the 
locomotive 7six tons67  would completely
 prevent its moving1 and that railways1 
even if made1  could never be worked by 
steam power40 ,yet for ten years now1   
and  more1 the ,killingworth engines    
were running daily6    ,the ,stockton   
and ,darlington line was a tremendous   
success2 so also was  the railway       
between ,manchester and ,liverpool1 yet 
opposition thickened  rather than       
lessened4 ,in #ahcj1 the 8,rocket0 had  
attained a speed of  thirty-five miles  
an hour1 yet1 in #ahcb1 ,colonel        
,sibthorpe 7the ,army now  come into the

 picture and oh6 how bravely71 declared 
his hatred of these  8infernal          
railroads10 and that he 8would rather   
meet a highwayman1 or  see a burglar on 
his premises1 than an engineer60 ,when  
the ,birmingham  railway bill was before
 ,parliament1 ,sir ,astley ,cooper1 that
 most eminent  of surgeons1 declared3   
8,you are entering upon an enormous     
undertaking of  which you know nothing4 
,then look at the recklessness of your  
proceedings6 ,you are proposing to      
destroy property1 cutting up our        
estates in all directions6 ,why1        
gentlemen1 if this sort of thing be     
permitted to go on1 you will in a very  
few years destroy the  noblesse60 ,and  
this1 from a man who had been knighted  
for cutting a wen  out of ,george       
,,iv4's neck6                           
,,the ,,nature ,,of ,,the ,,beast       
,all this is not only amusing1 but      
vastly instructive--these beaters of    
shoe lasts on the lintel of genius4     
,here we have a deep and vivid study    

presented to us of popular ignorance1   
that universal coagulant of truth4  ,in 
#ahbd1 ,george ,stephenson had said to  
his son and a companion3 8,now  lads1 ,i
 will tell you that ,i think you will   
live to see the day when  railways will 
come to supersede almost all other      
methods of conveyance  in this          
country--when mail coaches will go by   
railway1 and railroads will  become the 
,great ,highway for the ,king and all   
his subjects4 ,the time is  coming when 
it will be cheaper for a working man to 
travel on a railway  than to walk on    
foot40    ,the victory was won in #ahbe1
 the year following this memorable      
prophecy2  yet1 in #ahce1 the           
reactionaries were still fighting a rear
 guard action1  and we find the landed  
gentry sending forward their servants   
and luggage  by rail and condemning     
themselves to jog along the roads in the
 family  coach4 ,on the ,continent it   
was just the same1 and even in #ahfb the
 ,papal  ,government opposed the opening

 of the ,rome and ,naples railway4 ,the 
rear  guard fought on until ,june1      
#ahdb1 when1 on a certain ,monday1 ,her 
,majesty  ,queen ,victoria made her     
first railway trip4 ,it was from        
,windsor to  ,london1 and her coach had 
a crown on its roof4 ,the reactionaries 
went  head over heels1 donned their     
frock coats or whatever garment         
appertained to their social rank1 and   
declared the railway the greatest       
blessing ,god had ever permitted man to 
discover4 ,the ,marquis of ,bristol1    
wildly excited1 said that 8if necessary1
 they might make a tunnel  beneath his  
very drawing-room10 and the ,rev4 ,f4   
,litchfield that he did  not mind if a  
railway ran through his bedroom1 8with  
the bedposts for a  station40 ,ever     
irrational and unbalanced1 very ordinary
 men went as mad  on railways as they   
had been mad against them4 ,the panic of
 #ahdd-ahdf  was the result4 ,in the    
last-mentioned year applications were   
made to  ,parliament for powers to raise

 #chi1jjj1jjj for the construction of   
new  lines4    ,on the #bfth of ,june1  
#ahdg1 a year before ,george ,stephenson
 died1 he  attended the opening of the  
,trent ,valley ,railway4 ,sir ,robert   
,peel was  his host and proclaimed him  
8the chief of our practical             
philosophers40  ,seven baronets and two 
or three dozen members of ,parliament1  
all in  frock coats and tall hats1 did  
homage to the great engineer1 whilst the
  clergy blessed the enterprise and bid 
all hail to the new line as  8enabling  
them to carry on with greater facility  
those operations in  connection with    
religion which were calculated to be so 
beneficial to  the country40    ,i      
wonder what passed in ,george           
,stephenson's mind4 ,in #ahbe he was    
universally proclaimed mad and a danger 
to society2 in #ahdg he is  proclaimed  
8the chief of our practical             
philosophers0 and the saviour of        
society4 ,i wonder which he objected to 
most--their abuse or their praise8      

,both1 ,i should imagine1 were largely  
overlooked by him1 for he was a  very   
great man1 and surely those who abused  
him and praised him--very1  very        
small--truly insignificant4             
,,protean ,,ignorance    ,protean       
ignorance never dies2 this is the       
problem which confronts us4  ,george    
,stephenson has only been my peg upon   
which ,i have hung this musty  old skin1
 indeed no golden fleece1 but just as   
magical1 so that ,i might  the better   
examine it2 and a fine stout peg it     
is--all of ,british oak4    ,stephenson 
was the father of the locomotive2 as to 
this there can be no  dispute1 and      
equally can there be no doubt that the  
locomotive has  changed the             
superstructure of the civilized world1  
yet its foundations  remain permanently 
fixed4 ,matter fluctuates as the will of
 man unmasks  the material world2 but   
the soul of man remains fixed1 abiding  
in the  solitude of his ignorance4      
,ignorance and stupidity are always with

 us1 they are the ,dioscuri of the      
temple of life4 ,to change the material 
world is like changing our  clothes1 to 
change the spiritual world is like      
changing our intestines4  ,spiritual1 ,i
 admit1 is not the exact word1 neither  
is moral nor human4  ,to me1 the        
spiritual is all-pervading and          
uninfluenced by intelligence  or reason4
 ,a man who is grossly ignorant is      
grossly religious1 for he is  a         
worshipper of idols4    ,to-day we see  
the multitudes bending the knee to      
,baal1 and yet we see  them surrounded  
by misery1 woe and suffering4 ,no       
disease is incurable1  no ill cannot be 
conquered4 ,but every would-be saviour1 
however humble1  must prepare for       
crucifixion1 because the very multitudes
 they would  save are in themselves     
their worst enemies4    ,henry ,herbert 
never dies1 he was here before ,adam    
took form from out the  dust of ,eden1  
and he will be the last man to leave    
this earth when the  last trumpet       

sounds1 and ,i have not the slightest   
doubt that he will  then question the   
wisdom of the ,almighty4 ,he will       
question the wisdom of  all things new1 
and yet1 to-day1 the world is groaning  
for novelty1 for  material growth means 
also material decay4 ,though very       
ordinary men can  build middens1 it is  
only the extraordinary man who can shift
 these  piles of refuse--accumulations  
of old traditions1 customs and accepted 
things4 ,to me the moral of this        
centenary is not the power of steam1 but
  the power of the will of man4 ,george 
,stephenson triumphed over all          
difficulties1 because he was possessed  
of a will to win4 ,the stronger         
opposition grew the more mighty grew his
 will4 ,protean ignorance has1          
therefore1 its virtue2 it renders       
progress difficult to attain2 it is  the
 whetstone of genius4 ,when we realize  
this1 in place of wringing our  hands in
 lamentation when ,henry ,herbert beats 
his last against our door1  we open it  

and look at him1 and laugh1 and then    
close it and go on with  our work--in   
one word1 we persevere4 ,laughter and   
,perseverance1 surely  these two are the
 shield and sword of progress4          
,,the ,,conquest ,,of ,,the ,,elysian   
,,fields                         ,,the  
,,equation ,,of ,,power ,,and ,,movement
    ,power and ,movement1 these are the 
foundations of civilization and the     
sire and dam of progress1 and before the
 days of ,watt1 ,fulton and             
,stephenson1 all ,anglo-,saxons1 how    
shallow were they laid2 so shallow  that
 their social and industrial            
superstruction is1 to-day1 difficult to 
visualize1 let alone to understand4     
,here is a little glimpse1 and if not  a
 very dramatic one1 yet one which is apt
 to make us wonder at this lost  world  
of little more than a century ago1 a    
world all but obscured in  clouds of    
steam4    ,in #aggj1 ,adam ,smith wrote 
7and be it remembered that for fifty    
years  after this date the picture      

remains true7 the following3--    8,a   
broad-wheeled wagon attended by two men1
 and drawn by eight horses1  in about   
six weeks' time carries and brings back 
between ,london and  ,edinburgh near    
four ton weight of goods4 ,upon two     
hundred tons of goods1  therefore1      
carried by the cheapest land-carriage   
from ,london to  ,edinburgh1 there must 
be charged the maintenance of a hundred 
men for  three weeks1 and both the      
maintenance1 and1 what is nearly equal  
to the  maintenance1 the wear and tear  
of four hundred horses1 as well as of   
fifty great wagons40    ,to-day1 when   
the trans-,siberian railway is in       
working order1 a man can  travel in the 
same time1 with four tons of baggage if 
he wishes1 from  ,london to ,tokio and  
back4 ,edinburgh is four hundred miles  
from ,london1  and ,tokio is some eight 
thousand miles from this same city2 such
 has  been the expansion of movement and
 the contraction of space1 and          
to-morrow aircraft may reduce the time  

taken to a fortnight4    ,the fire of   
,prometheus is as a rush-light compared 
to the volcano of  steam which1 like all
 great world forces1 is a mixture of    
,pandora and  her box2 for it has given 
us beauty and wealth1 and also ugliness 
and  starvation4 ,it revived the world1 
bled white during the ,napoleonic wars1 
and1 in place of conquering the world as
 the great ,corsican attempted1  it     
recreated it4    ,when men began to move
 by steam power1 ,titans strode this    
earth4 ,in  peace time we see science   
advancing as it had never advanced      
before1  industry growing beyond belief 
or imagination4 ,cities spring up in the
  night1 such as ,chicago1 for whilst1  
in #ahcj1 its population numbered a     
hundred souls1 to-day it holds nearly   
three millions4 ,nations grew and       
doubled1 trebled and quadrupled their   
populations1 and the wealth of  ,crsus  
is to-day but the bank balance of ,henry
 ,ford4 ,yet out of all this            
prosperity1 created by steam power1     

arose the ,great ,war of #aiad-aiah1    
which1 in its four years of frenzy1 was 
to show a surfeited civilisation  the   
destructive power of steam4    ,what do 
we see during this last period of       
roaring turmoil8 ,a curious  picture4   
,the railway and the steamship1 which1  
during days of peace1  increased        
movement out of all belief1 during war  
end by impeding it4  ,like great        
funnels1 we see the railways1 pouring   
forth cataracts of men1  veritable human
 inundations1 and then we see that1     
though it is easy to  move masses by    
rail1 once the rail is left behind1 it  
is next to  impossible to supply these  
masses by road1 or to move them in face 
of  gun and machine gun4 ,the war       
becomes a war of trenches1 not a moving 
war1 but a stationary affair--men look  
at each other and sometimes shoot4      
,as peace begets war1 power and movement
 are the foundation of the  second1 just
 as they are of the first4 ,on the      
battlefield or in the  workshop1 power  

is useless without movement4 ,it is no  
good setting up a  boot factory1 unless 
you can get the boots on to the feet of 
the people1  and in war it is no good   
piling up bayonets1 unless you can get  
them  into the intestines of your enemy4
 ,thus1 it happened that1 before the    
war was three months old1 though each   
side possessed much power1 power  in    
itself was useless1 for it could not be 
moved4 ,the remaining four  years of the
 war were spent in solving the equation 
of power and  movement4    ,this problem
 was partially solved by the tank1 which
 possessed both  power and movement4    
,and from the armies which used these   
machines1 and  there were never very    
many of them1 little streamlets of men  
trickled  forward out of these great    
stagnant human pools1 and the war was   
won4                           ,,the    
,,riddle ,,of ,,the ,,gordian ,,knot    
,what is our problem to-day8 ,it is     
again the problem of power and          
movement2 not a new problem1 but a very 

old problem1 in fact the eternal        
problem dressed up in a new frock4 ,our 
problem is to revive our old            
industries1 so far as they can be       
revived1 and to establish new ones1  for
 industries1 like the human beings who  
create them1 grow old1 come on  the     
pension list and die4 ,our problem is1  
as it was during the war1 to  shift the 
population1 to demobilize our great army
 of unemployed1 and to  cause it to     
trickle from our over-populated little  
island into our  underpopulated         
,dominions and ,colonies4 ,lastly1 our  
problem is to secure  ourselves against 
another war4    ,to-day1 we find        
ourselves in a veritable labyrinth of   
difficulties1 but  there must be a way  
out1 possibly several1 for otherwise we 
could not be  standing in its centre4   
,we have got into it1 so we can get out 
of it1 as  we have of many a former     
maze2 but how8    ,it is here that ,i   
think the spirit of ,george ,stephenson 
can help us1 and  it is for this reason 

that ,i have taken up so much of this   
little book  with this great man's name 
and work1 and with the difficulties he  
faced  and1 undaunted1 conquered4 ,his  
motto was 8,perseverance02 let it be    
ours4  ,he did not talk over much1 but  
he took his coat off and got to work4   
,he  worked single-handed and was       
obstructed at every turn4 ,the whole    
country  was against him1 yet he        
conquered1 and1 more to him than to any 
other  man a century ago1 it seems to   
me1 were the problems1 which then faced 
,england1 solved1 and they are the      
problems which face ,england now4    ,as
 it may be said1 and with some truth1 in
 fact a great deal of truth1  that the  
railway made the war1 since it made the 
peace which preceded  the war1 so with  
equal truth may it be said that the     
petrol engine1  encased in a tank1 by   
making peace possible1 may now make     
peace  profitable1 even if in doing so  
it begets the germs of another war4 ,in 
other words1 as the war was so largely  

won by the tank1 so must the  peace     
which has followed it be largely won by 
the caterpillar tractor1  or roadless   
vehicle4    ,henry ,herbert will vote me
 to ,bedlam1 but this is the most       
encouraging  fact of all1 for every new 
idea must start by being in a minority  
of  one1 such as that of ,george        
,stephenson's against the world4 ,the   
stronger  the opposition the better the 
idea1 may not be a law of ,nature1 yet  
it  is a pretty sound rule1 and one with
 few exceptions4 ,if we persevere and   
laugh1 the caterpillar tractor will win 
the peace1 and to paraphrase the  words 
of ,george ,stephenson1 ,i will1 in my  
turn1 make a prophecy3    8,now lads1 ,i
 venture to tell you that ,i think you  
will live to see the  day when tracked  
vehicles will supersede almost all other
 methods of  conveyance in roadless     
countries2 when armies will be moved    
across  country and roadless traction   
will become the chief means of          
commercial  movement in all undeveloped 

lands4 ,the time is coming when it will 
be  cheaper for a farmer or soldier to  
use a tracked machine than to travel  by
 rail40    ,as it took ,mahomet three   
years to collect thirteen followers1 ,i 
shall  not be downcast if ,i collect no 
greater a number out of the readers of  
this book1 because perseverance was the 
motto of ,mahomet as well as of         
,stephenson1 and as perseverance won    
them their battles1 may it win me  mine4
    ,many will consider my prophecy     
ridiculous1 and a multitude of ,henry   
,herberts will foam at the mouth4       
,protean ignorance is against me--a     
resilient ,everest of oiled rubber4 ,a  
hundred years ago it was  boisterously  
hostile to novelty1 to-day it is        
somnolently apathetic1  and1 in this    
latter mood1 it is almost more          
overpowering than in the  former4       
,nevertheless1 let us smile1 let us take
 off our coats and climb  this glutinous
 mountain1 for the ,elysian fields lie  
beyond4    ,a few years ago we were told

 that1 once the war was won1 this little
  island of ours was going to be fit for
 heroes to live in1 as if any  country  
ever had been or could be an ,eldorado  
after a great war6 ,to-day1  we have    
well over a million unemployed men and  
women in this country1  and ,i have no  
doubt there are many heroes and heroines
 amongst them2  certainly the conditions
 demand an heroic race to win through4  
,our present difficulties all boil down 
to one recognizable sediment4  ,great   
,britain is over-populated4 ,before the 
war we were over-populated1  and to-day 
we are still more so1 and to-morrow     
matters are likely to be  worse4#a      
,there are three solutions to this      
problem4 ,either we must stop  breeding1
 or we must create new home industries  
and so absorb our  surplus population1  
or we must transport it to less thickly 
populated  areas overseas4    ,footnote 
#a3      ,in #aiac1 #gjj1jjj emigrated  
from this country2 in #aibc1 only       
#dfc1jjj    left4    ,six hundred and   

odd politicians in ,westminster1 some in
 black ties and  others in red1 chatter 
like a wilderness of monkeys1 whilst    
those who  were proclaimed heroes may   
consider themselves lucky if they are   
allowed  to stand in the gutter and sell
 bootlaces2 and in this chatter the     
problem is drowned1 only to bob up      
again1 between each breath4    ,we are  
told that the ,government's             
determination is 8not to tolerate       
propaganda for birth control in clinics 
and maternity centres supported  by     
public funds40 ,this settles the first  
solution1 at least the  ,government does
 not believe in it4 ,recently1 because  
the coal mining  industry was unable to 
pay its way1 it is now subsidized1 and  
many new  industries are left           
unprotected1 so the second solution     
joins the first4  ,as regards the third 
solution1 very little has been done     
outside private  effort1 because the    
problem has been tackled from the wrong 
end4  ,attempts are persistently being  

made to shift the unemployed2 who wants 
them8 ,in place attempts should be made 
to shift the employed1 but this         
question ,i will examine a little later 
on4    ,the point ,i want the reader1   
however1 to realize is that1 as the     
riddle  of the ,gordian knot was not    
solved by cutting it1 so the problem of 
over-population will not be solved by   
the dole4 ,cutting and doling can  be   
done by any fool with his coat on1 they 
are too easy2 for the problem  which    
faces us demands that we take our coats 
off and get to work1 in  place of       
turning our less fortunate fellow       
citizens into unemployable  vagrants4   
,,the ,,problem ,,of ,,unemployment     
,birth control ,i rule out of           
discussion1 and though ,i am of opinion 
that  it might well be made compulsory  
amongst politicians1 my solution        
demands not a restriction1 but a vast   
increase in the birth rate4    ,the     
invention of the locomotive and         
steamship upset all birth rate          

calculations4#b ,during the last century
 it has been reckoned that  twenty-eight
 million people left ,europe by sea1    
four millions during the  first half and
 twenty-four millions during the second1
 the period of  railway and steamship   
development4 ,out of these twenty-eight 
million  emigrants1 twenty-two millions 
went to the ,united ,states1 the        
population  of which was five and a     
quarter millions in the year #ahjj1     
seventy-six  millions in #aijj1 and is  
about one hundred and ten millions      
to-day1 and  quite possibly1 before the 
present century is out1 this figure will
 be  doubled4    ,footnote #b3      ,in 
#agej1 before the industrial revolution 
set in1 the population of    the ,united
 ,kingdom was #f1eag1jjj4    ,in the    
,united ,kingdom we see1 if not so      
great1 as startling an increase1        
considering the smallness of the        
country4 ,in #ahja1 the population      
numbered about sixteen millions1 and    
to-day1 excluding ,ireland1 it  numbers 

about forty-four millions1 which is     
probably four or five  millions more    
than the industry of the country can    
economically support1  as unemployment  
and the low standard of living1 not only
 now but before  the war1 testify to4   
,let us remember always what has created
 the great civilizations of the  past1  
empires and kingdoms1 prosperous lands  
and great cities4 ,it is  movement and  
the means of movement4 ,first man placed
 a bundle on his  wife's head and gave  
her a kick1 then he tamed the ox and    
beat it with a  stick1 thus civilization
 became possible4 ,at length1 he        
invented the  wheel and the sail1 and1  
by means of these inventions1 mankind   
crept out  of primeval darkness into the
 dawn of history4 ,in #ahji ,fulton     
invented  the steamship1 and in #ahad   
,george ,stephenson built his first     
locomotive4  ,it is1 as ,i have already 
said1 these inventions which have       
created not  only such immense cities as
 modern ,london and ,new ,york1 but     

which have  shifted millions of men1    
women and children from one part of the 
globe  to the other4 ,why did they shift
 them1 this is the question8 ,because   
the  steamship and the railway enabled  
them to tap sources of wealth which  did
 not exist in their own countries2 for  
without prospects of wealth  there would
 be little or no movement4    ,to-day1  
we possess an ,empire of over fourteen  
million square miles in  area1 of which 
three-quarters is sparsely inhabited4   
,in ,canada we find  nine million two   
hundred thousand people2 in ,australia  
five million  eight hundred thousand2 in
 ,south ,africa eight millions1 and in  
,new  ,zealand only one million two     
hundred thousand2 yet ,new ,zealand is  
as big  as the ,british ,isles4         
,without considering our immense        
,colonial possessions1 the potential    
wealth of the ,dominions alone should   
eventually be sufficient to support     
certainly one if not two hundred        
millions of ,englishmen4 ,on the one    

hand  we have room for at least a       
hundred millions1 and on the other we   
have a  surplus of some five millions4  
,the redistribution of this surplus     
should  not prove an insuperable        
problem1 and even if it cost us twenty  
pounds a  head to arrive at a solution1 
it would be cheap when compared to      
spending forty-six millions a year on   
doles and poor rates1 which1 far  from  
solving the problem of unemployment1    
only accentuate it4#c    ,footnote #c3  
8,schemes to the value of approximately 
#dff1jjj1jjj undertaken in    connection
 with the relief of unemployment have1  
or are being assisted    by the         
,exchequer40--,whitaker's ,almanack4    
,in former times1 the danger inherent in
 immigrations was the hostility  of the 
tribes in occupation of the new         
lands--the problem was a military  one4 
,to-day1 the difficulty is not military1
 but financial4 ,to-day1 it  is no      
longer bows and arrows which restrict   
immigration1 but money4  ,to-day1 it is 

not profitable to tackle a land owner   
with a rifle1 and  nearly all land worth
 owning is owned2 instead the settler   
must buy the  land1 or be sufficiently  
skilled to dispose of his labour at a   
profit4    ,our present-day unemployed  
have no money and little skill4 ,to send
 such  people to the ,dominions is no   
true solution of the unemployment       
problem1  for it only shifts the        
unemployed from one place to another1   
and this  does not solve the problem4   
,in #aiad1 ,germany attempted to gain   
the  ,french ,colonies1 not because she 
wanted to shift to them the vagrants of 
,berlin and ,hamburg2 but1 because the  
possession of these ,colonies would     
have enabled thousands of well-to-do    
,germans1 the small capitalists and     
skilled workers of the middle classes1  
to enrich themselves without loss  of   
nationality4 ,incidentally1 as these    
people emigrated1 room would be  made in
 ,germany for the under-dog4            
,competition would have decreased with  

a decrease in not the unemployed1 but in
 the employed population4 ,wages  would 
have increased in proportion and1 by    
degrees1 the greater  percentage of the 
under-dogs1 through increased wealth1   
would have  raised themselves into the  
middle class as small capitalists4      
,to-day1 there is no necessity for us to
 covet the territories of other         
nations4 ,we possess ten million square 
miles of sparsely-populated land  in    
which ,englishmen will not be lost to   
the ,empire4 ,to-day1 we see this       
problem mentioned in every paper1 but   
writers will persist in thinking  in    
terms of the unemployed4 ,it is the     
employed we must shift1 not  only       
because at home room will thus be made  
for the unemployed1#d but  because it is
 the skilled man or the small capitalist
 who can thrive in  the ,dominions and  
,colonies and the unemployed normally   
cannot4    ,footnote #d3      ,it may be
 considered by some that this will mean 
that we in ,england    shall be left    

with the unworkable dregs of society4   
,such a view is a    gross libel on the 
bulk of the unemployed4 ,before the     
,war1 seventy per    cent4 of the       
recruits for the army enlisted because  
they were    unemployed4 ,during the    
,war these men were universally         
proclaimed    heroes1 and such they     
were4 ,i can personally testify1 after  
twenty-seven years of service in the    
army1 that less than five per    cent4  
of the men in any unit of regular       
soldiers would make    undesirable      
citizens if vocational training were    
fully established4    ,if1 however1 men 
are kept unemployed for years they will 
eventually    become unemployable4      
,,the ,,problem ,,of ,,power    ,to move
 we must not only possess the means of  
movement1 but the will to  move2 for1   
without this will1 all the means in the 
world are but scrap  iron and dead      
timber4 ,the men who first tamed the    
camel and the horse  must have had ideas
 in their heads--visions which impelled 

them to do  what they did4 ,it may have 
been sympathy for his wife as she       
carried his  load which induced men to  
jump on a horse's back1 but much more   
likely  was it her low carrying power   
and possibly also to get away from her  
restless tongue4    ,in ninety-nine     
cases out of a hundred1 the will to move
 is stimulated by  material gain4 ,to   
possess something easily1 cheaply1 and1 
if possible1  for nothing1 is the urge  
of both commerce and robbery1 twins of  
,fear and  ,greed1 forces of vice as    
well as of virtue1 the forces of the    
growth of  the human world1 and forces  
not to be set aside lightly4    ,the    
nomadic hordes surged out of ,asia in   
the search after food4 ,it was  the     
desire to fill their stomachs which     
moved them4 ,they trickled over  ,europe
 until they met the sea1 and then1 as   
years passed by1 they  conquered the    
ocean and swept into the ,new ,world4   
,what will happen when  the ,americans  
begin to swarm1 it is difficult to say4 

,will they once  again set out to pursue
 the setting sun8 ,who knows8    ,so    
also with the wars of the world1 as with
 these slow but steady human            
inundations1 it has nearly always been a
 material goal1 however shadowy  in     
form1 which has provided the urge4      
,security1 what is this8 ,the shield  of
 ,prosperity and ,liberty--a desert1 a  
river1 a range of mountains1 or a       
feeble neighbour2 in one word1 a secure 
frontier to shield a people1 so  that   
they may enjoy the fruits of peace2 this
 has been the urge of war4    ,then1    
from war1 which so often is but robbery 
on a national scale1 to  turn to barter1
 amicable warfare2 and from barter to   
turn to commerce1  amicable war on a    
national scale1 what has been the urge8 
,a gold field1  oil wells1 land where   
corn will grow or cattle will breed2 in 
one word1  the possibilities of wealth1 
which is the loadstone of movement4     
,the potential wealth of the ,empire is 
stupendous1 and potential wealth  is    

power asleep1 power awaiting to be      
roused from its slumbers1 the  power of 
coal1 of oil1 and water1 of the air and 
the sun's rays1 of the  tides and of the
 atoms themselves4 ,the whole world is a
 gigantic battery  of power1 and our    
,empire covers a quarter of this world1 
and all that is  needed is to detonate  
it1 and it can only be detonated by the 
will of  man4    ,the ,romans conquered 
by building roads1 the modern world1 by 
building  railways4 ,yet both are but a 
one-dimensional means of movement1 and1 
in  type1 so near related1 that even    
to-day the gauge of our railway lines   
is the gauge of the ,roman chariots4    
,suppose now that these roads and       
railways could suddenly expand          
laterally1 so that from a few feet broad
  they could expand to a few yards in   
breadth1 then to hundreds of yards1     
miles1 and hundreds of miles1 until it  
is as easy to move over the  surface of 
the earth as over the surface of the    
sea4 ,a second dimension  would be given

 to movement2 a new world would be born1
 since a  stupendous sleeping power     
would be awakened4 ,stephenson improved 
the  chariot4 ,in place of taking three 
weeks to go from ,london to ,edinburgh  
we can now travel there in eight hours4 
,he conquered ,time rather than  ,space4
 ,the storming of the ,bastions of      
,space1 this is the problem of the      
future1 and one of our engines of       
conquest is the cross-country machine4  
,,problems ,,of ,,movement    ,economic 
movement may be divided into five great 
categories1 namely1  movement by air1 by
 water1 by rail1 by road and by pack4   
,each may be  divided into two          
sub-categories4 ,thus1 air movement by  
transport lighter  and heavier than air2
 water movement into sea transport and  
inland water  transport2 railway        
movement into broad and narrow-gauge    
lines2 road  movement into transport by 
wagon and lorry1 and pack movement into 
human  and animal porterage or carriage4
    ,i do not here intend to examine    

movement by air and water1 and1 as      
regards the other three categories1 ,i  
will limit my examination to their  use 
in undeveloped countries1 more          
particularly within the ,empire1 and ,i 
will start with the railway4    ,the    
,railway4 ,the country through which a  
railway is built may be  divided into   
three economic areas3--    7i7 ,a belt  
about eighty miles in width1 through the
 centre of which the  railway runs4     
7ii7 ,two belts1 each about twenty miles
 wide1 extending on the flanks of  the  
central belt4    7iii7 ,the whole of the
 country concerned1 excluding the above 
three  belts4    ,whether the prosperity
 of the country is based on minerals1   
cattle1 or  cereals1 the first belt is  
normally prosperous1 the second two less
  prosperous1 and the remainder of the  
country unremunerative4 ,to bring  the  
whole country up to the prosperity of   
the first belt demands a  railway every 
eighty miles4    ,obviously1 in an      
undeveloped country1 to build railways  

every eighty  miles is prohibitively    
costly1 but as nearly every nation in   
the world  is prepared to spend millions
 of pounds on the construction and      
maintenance of railways and rolling     
stock1 and often with little  reference 
to the law of supply and demand1 it is  
advisable1 ,i think1  briefly to examine
 the question of cost4    ,the cost of a
 railway decreases as the load          
increases2 the load must1  consequently1
 be sufficient to pay for the capital   
expenditure entailed  in constructing   
the line and also its maintenance4 ,the 
cost of the  ,nigerian railways was     
#aa1jjj per open mile2 the estimated    
cost of new  construction in the ,gold  
,coast lies between #ac1jjj and #ag1jjj 
per  mile4 ,for railways costing as much
 as these1 and the figures are not      
abnormally high1 to pay1 the country    
they traverse must not only be  fertile 
or rich in minerals1 but thickly        
inhabited4    ,i have already examined  
the question of population in the       

,dominions1 all  of which are to-day    
sparsely inhabited1 so ,i will now turn 
to another  area1 namely1 ,british      
,tropical ,africa1 a potentially        
immensely rich  country covering some   
two and a half million square miles and 
occupied  by forty million inhabitants4 
,to run railways through this country   
would  be similar to running railways   
through ,great ,britain less its present
  elaborate system of roads#e and with a
 population numbering about two  and a  
quarter millions4 ,in such conditions   
railways would most certainly  not pay1 
and would only begin to do so when road 
feeders had been built  and the country 
had become thickly populated4           
,footnote #e3      ,there are #agh1jjj  
miles of road in ,great ,britain4       
,the ,road4 ,as economically the railway
 is length with little breadth1  in     
undeveloped countries it can only be    
looked upon as an artery1  depending for
 its freight on the roads and tracks    
which converge on it4  ,if these roads  

and tracks be few in number1 generally  
speaking1 freights  will be             
insignificant1 and the railway1 in place
 of fostering wealth1  will swallow it  
up or stifle it4 ,the railway must1     
therefore1 be skirted  by a network of  
roads4    ,the cheapest form of road is 
a rough cart track1 and where the       
country  consists of grass land and the 
rainfall is low1 as in ,south ,africa1  
extensive use can be made of bullock    
wagons for purposes of  transportation4 
,the bullock wagon has reached1 however1
 the zenith of  its evolution1 and is by
 no means suited for countries where    
grazing is  difficult4 ,if fodder has to
 be carried in bulk1 it at once becomes 
an  uneconomical means of movement4     
,if the country to be traversed is      
unsuited to this means of transport1  we
 are left with the lorry1 and though    
light box-cars1 such as ,ford  vans1 can
 use rough tracks and frequently move   
across country1 the load  carried is so 
small1 that1 unless it is of a          

particularly valuable  nature1 or       
distance is short1 the cost of carriage 
becomes prohibitive4  ,we are left1     
therefore1 with the heavy lorry1 varying
 from three to six  tons burden4        
,these vehicles obviously demand        
macadamized roads1 which not only are   
extremely expensive to build1 but in a  
sparsely inhabited country              
prohibitively expensive to maintain4    
,here in ,england1 we spend yearly      
#ej1jjj1jjj and more on road repair4#f  
,in ,jamaica1 #a1jjj1jjj is spent  on   
the maintenance of lorry roads4 ,in both
 countries this means that  each        
inhabitant has to pay slightly more than
 #a a year to meet the road  repair     
bill4 ,in tropical countries1 where     
torrential rains fall and  vegetation   
luxuriates1 the macadamized road is out 
of the question1 so  also is it in      
desert land where the sand is apt to    
silt over the  roadways4    ,footnote   
#f3      ,in #aiad-aiae the maintenance 
of roads cost #ai1jjj1jjj1 in #aiba-aibb

    this sum had risen to #de1ejj1jjj4  
,if the road will not suit the vehicle1 
the vehicle must be made to suit  the   
road4 ,here again the difficulty is     
economically almost insuperable4        
,balloon tyres1 the use of light        
trailers and of multi-wheel vehicles    
will partially overcome the difficulty2 
but rubber rapidly deteriorates  in     
tropical countries1 and though a        
vehicle1 such as the ,renault six       
twin-wheel car1 has carried out some    
wonderful performances in the  ,sahara  
and elsewhere1 the maintenance of twelve
 balloon tyres  practically rules it out
 of court in most undeveloped countries4
    ,if the bullock wagon is restricted 
to certain areas1 and if the lorry      
demands a road which is prohibitively   
expensive1 the only remaining  sources  
of transport which can feed the railway 
are the pack animal and  the human      
porter4    ,the ,pack ,animal4 ,in      
examining this last system of transport1
 ,i will  begin with the human          

pack-animal1 the native porter4 ,not    
only is this  means of carriage the most
 primitive of all1 which renders it     
somewhat  of an anachronism in the      
twentieth century1 but it is extravagant
 in the  extreme4 ,economically it is   
unsound1 since the human pack-animal    
stands  in the way of the development of
 his country4 ,in the first place his   
productive work is lost1 and in the     
second1 the load carried is so small  as
 to offer little encouragement to the   
producer4 ,last1 and by no means  least1
 unlike the railway1 as the amount      
increases1 so does the cost per  ton    
mile increase with it4    ,on a large   
scale the system is impossible1 and the 
substitution of pack  animals for       
porters is but little less uneconomical1
 except in  mountainous countries and   
desert lands1 and in the latter1 it     
would seem  that the reign of the camel 
is approaching its end1 since in most   
places  where a camel can go a car can  
follow4                                 

,,two-,,dimensional ,,movement    ,the  
above1 ,i admit1 is a very brief summary
 of an immense and complex  subject1    
namely1 the bridging of the gap which   
exists between the  producer and the    
arterial railway1 or the producer and   
his market1 if it  be a distant one4    
,ruling out pack and porter as being too
 uneconomical  to be used on a large    
scale1 we are left with the wagon1 the  
lorry and  the light railway4 ,all these
 three means can cover great distances1 
but  they do not solve the problem1     
because the solution does not only lie  
in  power to traverse distance1 but in  
ability to cover the largest area in    
the shortest time4    ,the difficulty so
 far has been that the wheel demands a  
road and  destroys a road1 and that1    
whilst it is easy1 though frequently    
very  costly1 to make a road which will 
suit a wheel1 it is most difficult to   
make a wheel which will not damage a    
road2 for failing a cheap and  simple   
form of ,pedrail wheel1 a system of     

multi-wheels has to be  resorted to1 and
 this system leads directly to the      
tracked machine1  which not only can    
dispense with roads1 but1 what is       
equally important1  can make its own    
track1 just as the feet of a man form a 
path by  frequently crossing the same   
piece of ground4    ,this is not the    
place to examine in detail the          
technicalities of  roadless vehicles2   
but to-day there are two main types of  
these  vehicles2 an all-tracked machine 
of the tank type1 and a half-tracked    
machine which has wheels in front and   
tracks in rear4 ,the first is more      
suitable for heavy loads1 and the second
 for light4    ,in the manufacture of   
these vehicles three main problems must 
be solved3    7#a7 ,the vehicle must be 
able to use roads without damaging them2
 nor  must it damage the surface of the 
ground it travels over4    7#b7 ,it must
 be able to move across country without 
damaging itself4    7#c7 ,the cost per  
ton-mile must be equal or lower than    

that of existing  vehicles4    ,it may  
seem a paradox to lay down that the     
first requirement of a  roadless vehicle
 is that it can negotiate roads1 but1 in
 fact1 it is not  so2 for it stands to  
reason that1 when prepared tracks do    
exist1 it is  only wasting time and     
energy to travel across country4        
,further1 if the  tracks of the vehicle 
are so constructed that they do not     
damage roads1  they will not damage the 
surface of the ground1 and1             
consequently1 by  continually travelling
 over the same ground1 they will compact
 and  consolidate its surface and       
rapidly form a road of their own which  
will  require no metalling4 ,this       
advantage is one of the great secrets of
 its  success4    ,as movement across   
country entails traversing rough ground1
 the tracks  of a roadless vehicle must 
permit of the absorption of obstacles4  
,this  absorption is attained by        
springing the tracks4 ,in an unsprung   
machine1  obstacles are either crushed  

into the ground or the vehicle has to   
lift  itself over them4 ,in both cases  
the result is injury to the machine1 and
  loss of power and discomfort4    ,it  
stands to reason that the vehicle must  
be durable1 simple and easy to          
maintain2 also that the ton-mile cost   
must be low4 ,as regards this  latter   
requirement1 experimental machines have 
so far proved that this  is a           
possibility4 ,a one-ton roadless ,guy   
,lorry recently travelled from  ,london 
to ,aldershot1 and its ton mileage was  
fifty-two to the gallon4 ,it  has also  
been worked out that the cost per       
ton-mile of the ,sentinel  tractor1     
8including overhead charges1            
depreciation1 interest on capital  and  
all running charges1 and allowing for a 
#bj-tons net load for a  reasonable     
number of working days in the year10    
will be slightly under  twopence per    
ton-mile4    ,illustration3             
,,sentinel ,,tractor      ,face p4 #hj  
,in the future1 the types of roadless   

vehicles are likely to be great as  the 
surface of the ground differs in various
 countries2 also fuels of  all kinds are
 likely to be burnt1 such as petrol1 oil
 and coal1 and in  tropical countries1  
where these fuels are scarce or         
expensive1 producer  gas is almost      
certain to become the main motive power4
    ,the most remarkable achievement as 
yet carried out by roadless vehicles  is
 undoubtedly the crossing of the ,sahara
 from ,touggourt to ,timbuctoo1  during 
the winter of #aibb-aibc1 by ,citron    
motorcars fitted with half  tracks      
invented by ,monsieur ,kegresse4 ,the   
distance travelled was three  thousand  
six hundred kilometres1 and the time    
taken was twenty days1  that is on an   
average one hundred and twelve miles a  
day4 ,all machines  returned safely1 and
 the total journey there and back was   
over seven  thousand kilometres4    ,the
 nature of the country crossed was by no
 means uniform1 for it was  sandy1      
rocky1 mountainous and1 in the          

neighbourhood of the river ,niger1      
covered with tropical vegetation4 ,to   
build a railway from ,touggourt to      
,timbuctoo would cost1 at the lowest    
reckoning1 a thousand millions of       
francs--possibly much more2 this alone  
accentuates the importance of the       
achievement and its interest to us1 for 
the ,empire contains thousands of       
square miles of roadless country4    ,i 
fully realize that1 though the roadless 
vehicle can replace the  motor-car1 it  
cannot replace the railway1 if the      
railway is an efficient  one4 ,this is1 
however1 not the problem4 ,the problem  
is1 first to bridge  the gap between the
 producer and the railway1 and secondly 
to create in  undeveloped countries     
sufficient wealth to enable more        
railways to be  built4 ,co-operation    
with existing railways1 this is what    
must be aimed  at4    ,illustration3    
,,crossley-,,kegresse ,,car      ,face  
p4 #hb      ,for purposes of            
illustration1 ,i will take ,british     

,east ,africa as an  example4 ,a railway
 runs from ,mombasa via ,nairobi to the 
,great ,lakes4  ,forty miles on each    
side of this railway1 generally         
speaking1 is  commercially remunerative4
 ,this is the first belt ,i mentioned   
above1 the  second two belts are        
productively a gamble for any but       
capitalist  pioneers1 and the remainder 
of the country is but the playground of 
rich  colonists who can afford to       
speculate on likely railway extensions  
in  the future1 or else of simple fools4
    ,i will now suppose that a reliable 
roadless vehicle exists which can       
transport across country five or ten    
tons of produce4 ,what do we see8 ,we   
see the first belt extending from forty 
miles on each side of the  railway to a 
hundred miles1 and the second two belts 
being pushed out1  in vastly improved   
circumstances1 fifty to a hundred miles 
on each side  of the new central belt4  
,in fact1 we have more than doubled the 
central  belt and trebled the belts     

adjoining it1 and1 in doing so1 have    
more  than doubled the commercial       
prosperity of the country4    ,what now 
is our next step in the evolution of    
economic movement8 ,it is1  out of the  
wealth resulting1 to extend from our    
main ,mombasa-,nairobi  railway1 metre  
gauge lines in herringbone fashion up to
 the confines of  the new central belt1 
and at the termini of these to build    
receiving  depts4 ,in place of metre    
gauge lines1 huge roadless machines1    
carrying  and hauling from a hundred    
tons upwards1 will in the end1 ,i think1
 prove  more economical4 ,once these    
depts have been established1 the smaller
  machines belonging to the farms and   
stations can bring produce to them  and 
dump it4 ,thus1 by degrees1 will the    
central railway be fed by a  prosperous 
area some four to five hundred miles in 
width4    ,illustration3      ,,morris  
,,one-,,ton ,,lorry      ,face p4 #hd   
,to take another example4 ,a            
transportation problem which faces every

  farmer is that of rapid door-to-door  
delivery4 ,to-day1 especially in  such  
countries as ,canada1 what do we see8   
,we see chain-tracked machines  used for
 agricultural work1 but we seldom see   
movement of the produce  grown carried  
out save by horse-drawn vehicles1 which 
can negotiate  cultivated land if it be 
fairly dry4#g ,two horses cannot pull   
much more  than a ton over a heavy field
 to the farm itself4 ,at the farm1 which
 may  be fifty miles from a railway1 the
 produce has either to be transported   
by cart to the station1 which may take  
three days and two to return1 or  loaded
 into a lorry which1 unless the roads   
are good1 will take one day  each way4  
,the loss of time is considerable1 and  
the roadless vehicle  would appear to be
 the only practical solution4 ,it can be
 loaded at the  extremity of a field in 
any weather and condition of ground1 and
 moved  direct to the railway either by 
road or across country at a normal lorry
  speed1 and carrying from three to ten 

tons according to size4 ,delivery  is   
from door to door1 and the only         
limitation as to load would appear to   
be the factor of safety of the bridges  
which may have to be crossed4           
,footnote #g3      ,in ,canada1 snow    
offers a serious difficulty to movement 
by wagon or    car during the winter    
months2 there should be no great        
difficulty in    producing a roadless   
vehicle which will cross snow almost as 
easily as    grass land4    ,in         
waterless1 as well as roadless areas1   
such as exist in ,australia1  wagons and
 lorries are frequently useless1 and the
 roadless vehicle is  again the         
solution1 for it does not require a road
 to move along1 or a  well at which to  
seek refreshment4 ,it carries its own   
roadway and its  own water supply1 and1 
if necessary1 water for man and beast in
  districts where water is scarce4      
,in mining countries1 such as ,chili and
 ,south ,africa1 and in  oil-producing  
countries1 such as ,mexico and ,persia1 

the need for a  weight-carrying1        
roadless vehicle is much felt1 and in   
these countries1  where again roads are 
few and bad1 and water frequently       
scarcer1 it  would prove as useful as in
 agricultural lands4    ,illustration3  
,,vulcan ,,two-,,ton ,,lorry      ,face 
p4 #hf                                  
,,the ,,elysian ,,fields    ,to conquer 
the ,elysian ,fields we must establish  
new industries at home1  we must move   
our surplus population to the lands     
which are  underpopulated1 and we must  
be prepared to secure our ,empire       
against  foreign aggression4 ,all these 
problems can the roadless vehicle help  
us  to solve4    ,first1 the vehicle    
itself is a new type of machine which   
will demand an  industry of its own4    
,twenty-five years ago1 as many of us   
remember1 it  was a rarity to see a     
motor-car2 yet there were men who1 even 
then1  could see them in legions1 and   
one of these men was ,mr4 7now ,earl7   
,balfour4 8,in the ,house of ,commons on

 ,thursday1 ,may #ag1 #aijj1 ,mr4       
,balfour  said he sometimes             
dreamed--perhaps it was only a          
dream--that in addition  to railways and
 tramways1 we might see great highways  
constructed for  rapid motor traffic1   
and confined to motor traffic1 which    
would have the  immense advantage1 if it
 could be practicable1 of taking the    
workman  from door to door1 which no    
tramcar and no railway could do4 ,is it 
possible for ,mr4 ,balfour's dream to be
 realized80--,pall ,mall ,gazette4      
,to-day1 this question is apt to make us
 smile1 seeing that the motor-car       
industry is one of the largest and      
richest in the world2 that in #aibd     
there were half a million cars in this  
country and nearly fourteen  millions in
 the ,united ,states1#h and that        
hundreds of millions of  pounds have    
been spent on motor roads4    ,footnote 
#h3      ,in #aibd there was one car to 
every eight people in the ,u4,s4,a41 and
 one    to every seventy-four in ,great 

,britain4    ,surely then1 if ,i be     
right as regards the powers of the      
roadless  vehicle1 its future should be 
as great as that of the motor-car1      
possibly greater1 seeing that most of   
the world is still in a roadless        
condition4 ,surely1 here is employment  
for many men1 and a source of  wealth   
which can only be guessed at in         
thousands of millions of pounds4        
,illustration3      ,,guy               
,,two-,,and-,a-,,half-,,ton ,,lorry     
,face p4 #hh      ,and this machine will
 not only create industrial wealth1 but 
agricultural prosperity1 for it will    
enable the farmer to settle in  lands   
which to-day are but wilderness and     
waste4 ,the old means will  continue1   
but will be pushed more and more into   
the beyond4 ,the porter  will bring in  
his small load and so will the pack     
animal4 ,these loads  will be collected 
and loaded on small roadless machines   
which will  convey them to the depts    
from which the giant machines work      

backward  and forward to the railway1   
which will carry its hundreds of        
thousands  of tons down to the sea4 ,we 
shall see less porters1 less pack       
animals  and less wagons1 but more      
railways and more ships1 and these      
demand men  to work them4 ,the waste    
lands will become fertile2 townships    
will spring  up2 industries will be     
created1 and the energy of millions of  
men and  women will be profitably       
expended4    ,now follows a curious     
sequent4 ,if1 commercially1 we want to  
expand the  ,empire1 strategically we   
want to contract it4 ,our object is not 
to  maintain an immense army to pursue a
 course of foreign wars1 but to         
maintain law and order throughout the   
,empire and safeguard its  existence4   
,the fewer men we employ the less will  
the army cost1 and1 be  it remembered1  
military expenditure during peace time  
is unremunerative4    ,to contract the  
,empire is not to abandon large tracts  
of country1 this  is to cut the ,gordian

 knot in place of unravelling it2 but1  
instead1 to  move over it quicker than  
we can to-day4 ,what we want to contract
 is  time and not space1 the time taken 
in moving over ground and  particularly 
over roadless country4 ,the roadless    
vehicle will help us to  solve this     
problem4 ,a battalion may march a       
hundred miles in a week1 but  if carried
 in roadless vehicles this distance can 
be multiplied by  seven2 and what is    
even more important1 for long periods a 
line of  communication can be dispensed 
with1 because the battalion can carry   
supplies with it for several weeks4     
,illustration3      ,,daimler           
,,three-,,ton ,,lorry      ,face p4 #ij 
,the main strategical importance of the 
roadless vehicle lies1 however1  in the 
fact that it will1 by degrees1 fill the 
,dominions and ,colonies  with virile   
men4 ,australia with a population of    
twenty-five millions has  little to fear
 from ,asiatic races2 with fifty        
millions--nothing4 ,all  these changes  

and many others will be discovered in an
 ,empire recreated  by a little iron1 a 
little thought1 and much perseverance4  
,,the ,,wings ,,of ,,pegasus    ,the    
wings of ,pegasus are the wings of      
imagination--that telescope of the  mind
 which magnifies the glimpses of the    
future2 and1 once we have  focussed     
these glimpses1 we must bring them down 
to earth1 and chart out  their anatomy1 
so that we and others can set to work4  
,rudyard ,kipling mounted ,pegasus when 
he said3 8,when a nation is lost1  the  
underlying cause of the collapse is     
always that she cannot handle  her      
transport4 ,everything in life1 from    
marriage to manslaughter1 turns  on the 
speed and cost at which men1 things and 
thoughts can be shifted  from one place 
to another4 ,if you can tie up a        
nation's transport1 you  can take her   
off your books40    ,shifting of        
thought1 this is our first need1 for the
 ,great ,war destroyed  an epoch1 yet we
 still hark back to this epoch4 ,a new  

world requires new  ideas1 and in the   
first half of this little book ,i have  
shown how ideas1  a hundred years ago1  
were throttled by the protean stupidity 
and  ignorance of man4 ,to-day1 these   
vices continue1 but in their senile     
forms of apathy and indolence4 ,every   
government is faced by trade            
depression1 unemployment and the cost of
 security1 yet each in turn1  whether   
,liberal1 ,conservative or ,labour1     
turns from these problems and  deflates 
itself on some patent                   
shibboleth--protection1 free trade1     
capital levy1 etc41 etc41 until it is   
pushed out of office by a blind1  but   
aggravated country4    ,illustration3   
,f4,w4,d4 ,,three-,,ton ,,lorry ,,and   
,,trailer    7,six tons useful load7    
,face p4 #ib      ,the crucial problem  
to-day is movement in all its forms4 ,if
 to-morrow  you can move twice the speed
 you can to-day1 you will have twice the
  time at your disposal to work in4 ,it 
is not gold standards and other  such   

humbug which produce wealth1 it is work2
 and if1 to-morrow1 you  have twice as  
much time to work in as you have to-day1
 your existing  wealth will be doubled4 
,this is the problem which ,george      
,stephenson saw quite clearly1 and      
solved within the limits of the         
conditions he worked in4 ,he gave the   
world a one-dimensional movement of a   
superiority never dreamt of before  his 
day1 and this superiority recreated the 
civilized world4 ,to-day1 we  can expand
 this movement to cover two dimensions  
and recreate the world  again4 ,one day 
it will be done1 because the world is a 
roadless planet1  but for us1 as an     
,empire1 it may be done too late4 ,no   
government minds  spending millions of  
pounds on some pet hobby--doles1        
pensions1 cruisers1  naval bases1       
worn-out coal pits1 etc41 etc41 but no  
government so far  has spent sixpence on
 roadless vehicles4 ,a hundred thousand 
pounds or so  judiciously expended on   
research and experiment might well      

result in the  production of half a     
dozen efficient types of cross-country  
machines4  ,has no government the       
intelligence to understand this1 or the 
imagination to see what it may lead to8 
,pegasus without his wings is a very    
ordinary animal2 with them--most        
extraordinary1 for he flew to ,olympus1 
a land fit for heroes to live in1  and  
not one in which no one but a hero can  
survive4 ,why not follow his  example1  
why not look around us and discover the 
pivot of our  difficulties1 and then1   
why not from the mountain top of reason 
gaze  into the future and conjure up the
 images of things to be8 ,then1 let us  
descend into those tumultuous and dismal
 valleys below1 and to ,laughter  and   
,perseverance add ,wisdom4 ,with this   
trinity to lighten our way1  surely will
 our way grow straight and broad1 and   
the clouds which are  gathering around  
us1 disperse2 and surely then shall we  
discover those  ,fortunate ,islands     
which to-day we are so blindly seeking4 

----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,each1 pott #hvo1 #b_/f net             
,occasionally illustrated               
,,to-,,day ,,and                        
,,to-,,morrow      ,this series of      
books1 by some of the most distinguished
 ,english  thinkers1 scientists1        
philosophers1 doctors1 critics1 and     
artists1 was  at once recognized as a   
noteworthy event4 ,written from various 
points of  view1 one book frequently    
opposing the argument of another1 they  
provide  the reader with a stimulating  
survey of the most modern thought in    
many  departments of life4 ,several     
volumes are devoted to the future trend 
of  ,civilization1 conceived as a whole2
 while others deal with particular      
provinces1 and cover the future of      
,woman1 ,war1 ,population1 ,clothes1    
,wireless1 ,morals1 ,drama1 ,poetry1    
,art1 ,sex1 ,law1 etc4    ,it is        
interesting to see in these neat little 
volumes1 issued at a low  price1 the    

revival of a form of literature1 the    
,pamphlet1 which has been  in disuse for
 #bjj years4                            
,published by                  ,,kegan  
,,paul1 ,,trench1 ,,trubner  ,,co41     
,,ltd4              ,broadway ,house3   
#fh-gd ,carter ,lane1 ,london1 ,e4,c4#d 
,,volumes ,,ready        ,daedalus1 or  
,science and the ,future4 ,by ,j4 ,b4   
,s4 ,,haldane1 ,reader in               
,biochemistry1 ,university of           
,cambridge4 ,sixth impression4          
8,a fascinating and daring little       
book40--,westminster ,gazette4 8,the    
essay is brilliant1 sparkling with wit  
and bristling with                      
challenges40--,british ,medical         
,journal4        8,predicts the most    
startling changes40--,morning ,post4    
,callinicus1 a ,defence of ,chemical    
,warfare4 ,by ,j4 ,b4 ,s4 ,,haldane4    
,second impression4        8,mr4        
,haldane's brilliant study40--,times    
,leading ,article4 8,a book to      be  
read by every intelligent               

adult40--,spectator4 8,this brilliant   
little monograph40--,daily ,news4       
,icarus1 or the ,future of ,science4 ,by
 ,,bertrand ,,russell1 ,f4,r4,s4        
,fourth impression4        8,utter      
pessimism40--,observer4 8,mr4 ,russell  
refuses to believe that      the        
progress of ,science must be a boon to  
mankind40--,morning ,post4      8,a     
stimulating book1 that leaves one not at
 all discouraged40--,daily      ,herald4
      ,what ,i ,believe4 ,by ,,bertrand 
,,russell1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,second impression4
        8,one of the most brilliant and 
thought-stimulating little books ,i     
have read--a better book even than      
,icarus40--,nation4 8,simply and        
brilliantly written40--,nature4 8,in    
stabbing sentences he punctures      the
 bubble of cruelty1 envy1 narrowness1   
and ill-will which those in             
authority call their morals40--,new     
,leader4      ,tantalus1 or the ,future 
of ,man4 ,by ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,,schiller1    
,d4,sc41 ,fellow      of ,corpus        

,christi ,college1 ,oxford4 ,second     
impression4        8,they are all       
7,daedalus1 ,icarus1 and ,tantalus7     
brilliantly      clever1 and they       
supplement or correct one               
another40--,dean ,inge1 in      ,morning
 ,post4 8,immensely valuable and        
infinitely readable40--,daily           
,news4 8,the book of the                
week40--,spectator4      ,cassandra1 or 
the ,future of the ,british ,empire4 ,by
 ,f4 ,c4 ,s4      ,,schiller1 ,d4,sc4   
,just published4 ,the book questions the
 power of the ,british ,empire          
to-day4 ,naval supremacy has been       
abandoned1 the labour situation at      
home is critical1 ,england is entangled 
in ,european affairs1 and               
7consequently7 the ,dominions have more 
sympathy with the ,american      rather 
than the ,british view-point4 ,the      
probable outcome of this      situation 
is indicated4      ,quo ,vadimus8       
,glimpses of the ,future4 ,by ,e4 ,e4   
,,fournier ,d',,albe1      ,d4,sc41     

author of 8,selenium1 the ,moon         
,element10 etc4        8,a wonderful    
vision of the future4 ,a book that will 
be talked      about40--,daily ,graphic4
 8,a remarkable contribution to a       
remarkable      series40--,manchester   
,dispatch4 8,interesting and singularly 
plausible40--,daily ,telegraph4         
,hephaestus1 the ,soul of the ,machine4 
,by ,e4 ,e4 ,,fournier ,d',,albe1       
,d4,sc4        8,a worthy contribution  
to this interesting series4 ,a          
delightful and      thought-provoking   
essay40--,birmingham ,post4 8,there is a
 special      pleasure in meeting with a
 book like ,hephaestus4 ,the author has 
the merit of really understanding what  
he is talking                           
about40--,engineering4      ,lysistrata1
 or ,woman's ,future and ,future ,woman4
 ,by ,,anthony ,m4      ,,ludovici1     
author of 8,a ,defence of ,aristocracy01
 etc4        8,a stimulating book4      
,volumes would be needed to deal1 in the
      fullness his work provokes1 with  

all the problems raised40--,sunday      
,times4 8,pro-feminine1 but             
anti-feministic40--,scotsman4 8,full of 
brilliant common-sense40--,observer4    
,hypatia1 or ,woman and ,knowledge4 ,by 
,,mrs ,,bertrand ,,russell4 ,with a     
frontispiece4 ,second impression4       
,an answer to ,lysistrata4 8,a          
passionate vindication of the rights    
of women40--,manchester ,guardian4      
8,says a number of things that          
sensible women have been wanting        
publicly said for a long                
time40--,daily ,herald4 8,everyone who  
cares at all about these things         
should read it40--,weekly ,westminster4 
,thrasymachus1 the ,future of ,morals4  
,by ,c4 ,e4 ,m4 ,,joad1 author of       
8,common-,sense ,ethics10 etc4          
8,his provocative book40--,graphic4     
8,written in a style of deliberate      
brilliance40--,times ,literary          
,supplement4 8,as outspoken and         
unequivocal a contribution as could well
 be imagined4 ,even those      readers  

who dissent will be forced to recognize 
the admirable      clarity with which he
 states his case4 ,a book that will     
startle40--,daily ,chronicle4      ,the 
,passing of the ,phantoms3 a ,study of  
,evolutionary ,psychology and           
,morals4 ,by ,c4 ,j4 ,,patten1          
,professor of ,anatomy1 ,sheffield      
,university4      ,with #d ,plates4     
8,readers of ,daedalus1 ,icarus and     
,tantalus1 will be grateful      for an 
excellent presentation of yet another   
point of      view40--,yorkshire ,post4 
8,this bright and bracing little        
book40--,literary ,guide4 8,interesting 
and original40--,medical      ,times4   
,the ,mongol in our ,midst3 a ,study of 
,man and his ,three ,faces4 ,by ,f4     
,g4 ,,crookshank1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,c4,p4  
,with #bh ,plates4 ,second ,edition1    
revised4        8,a brilliant piece of  
speculative induction40--,saturday      
,review4 8,an      extremely interesting
 and suggestive book1 which will reward 
careful      reading40--,sunday ,times4 

8,the pictures carry fearful            
conviction40--,daily ,herald4      ,the 
,conquest of ,cancer4 ,by ,h4 ,w4 ,s4   
,,wright1 ,m4,s41 ,f4,r4,c4,s4          
,introduction by ,f4 ,g4 ,,crookshank1  
,m4,d4        8,eminently suitable for  
general reading4 ,the problem is fairly 
and      lucidly presented4 ,one merit  
of ,mr4 ,wright's plan is that he tells 
people what1 in his judgment1 they can  
best do1 here and      now40--,from the 
,introduction4      ,pygmalion1 or the  
,doctor of the ,future4 ,by ,r4 ,,mcnair
 ,,wilson1 ,m4,d4        8,dr ,wilson   
has added a brilliant essay to this     
series40--,times      ,literary         
,supplement4 8,this is a very little    
book1 but there is much      wisdom in  
it40--,evening ,standard4 8,no doctor   
worth his salt would      venture to say
 that ,dr ,wilson was wrong40--,daily   
,herald4      ,prometheus1 or ,biology  
and the ,advancement of ,man4 ,by ,h4   
,s4      ,,jennings1 ,professor of      
,zoology1 ,johns ,hopkins ,university4  

8,this volume is one of the most        
remarkable that has yet appeared in     
this series4 ,certainly the information 
it contains will be due to      most    
educated laymen4 ,it is essentially a   
discussion of 444 heredity      and     
environment1 and it clearly establishes 
the fact that the      current use of   
these terms has no scientific           
justification40--,times      ,literary  
,supplement4 8,an exceedingly brilliant 
book40--,new ,leader4      ,narcissus3  
an ,anatomy of ,clothes4 ,by ,,gerald   
,,heard4 ,with #ai      illustrations4  
8,a most suggestive book40--,nation4    
8,irresistible4 ,reading it is      like
 a switchback journey4 ,starting from   
prehistoric times we rocket      down   
the ages40--,daily ,news4 8,interesting1
 provocative1 and                       
entertaining40--,queen4      ,thamyris1 
or ,is ,there a ,future for ,poetry8 ,by
 ,r4 ,c4 ,,trevelyan4        8,learned1 
sensible1 and very                      
well-written40--,affable ,hawk1 in ,new 

,statesman4 8,very suggestive40--,j4 ,c4
 ,squire1 in ,observer4 8,a      very   
charming piece of work4 ,i agree with   
all1 or at any rate1      almost all its
 conclusions40--,j4 ,st4 ,loe ,strachey1
 in ,spectator4      ,proteus1 or the   
,future of ,intelligence4 ,by ,,vernon  
,,lee1 author of      8,satan the       
,waster10 etc4        8,we should like  
to follow the author's suggestions as to
 the effect      of intelligence on the 
future of ,ethics1 ,aesthetics1 and     
,manners4      ,her book is profoundly  
stimulating and should be read by       
everyone40--,outlook4 8,a concise1      
suggestive piece of                     
work40--,saturday ,review4              
,timotheus1 the ,future of the ,theatre4
 ,by ,,bonamy ,,dobr,e1 author of       
8,restoration ,drama10 etc4        8,a  
witty1 mischievous little book1 to be   
read with delight40--,times             
,literary ,supplement4 8,this is a      
delightfully witty                      
book40--,scotsman4 8,in a subtly        

satirical vein he visualizes various    
kinds of theatres in #bjj years time4   
,his gay little book makes              
delightful reading40--,nation4          
,paris1 or the ,future of ,war4 ,by     
,captain ,b4 ,h4 ,,liddell ,,hart4      
,a companion volume to ,callinicus4 8,a 
gem of close thinking and               
deduction40--,observer4 8,a noteworthy  
contribution to a problem of            
concern to every citizen in this        
country40--,daily ,chronicle4 8,there   
is some lively thinking about the future
 of war in ,paris1 just added      to   
this set of live-wire pamphlets on big  
subjects40--,manchester      ,guardian4 
,wireless ,possibilities4 ,by ,professor
 ,a4 ,m4 ,,low4 ,with #d diagrams4      
8,as might be expected from an inventor 
who is always so fresh1 he      has many
 interesting things to say40--,evening  
,standard4 8,the mantle      of ,blake  
has fallen upon the physicists4 ,to them
 we look for      visions1 and we find  
them in this book40--,new ,statesman4   

,perseus3 of ,dragons4 ,by ,h4 ,f4      
,,scott ,,stokes4 ,with #b              
illustrations4        8,a diverting     
little book1 chock-full of ideas4 ,mr4  
,stokes'      dragon-lore is both quaint
 and various40--,morning ,post4 8,very  
amusingly written1 and a mine of curious
 knowledge for which the      discerning
 reader will find many uses40--,glasgow 
,herald4      ,lycurgus1 or the ,future 
of ,law4 ,by ,e4 ,s4 ,p4 ,,haynes1      
author of      8,concerning             
,solicitors10 etc4        8,an          
interesting and concisely written       
book40--,yorkshire ,post4 8,he          
roundly declares that ,english criminal 
law is a blend of barbaric              
violence1 medieval prejudices1 and      
modern fallacies4444 ,a humane and      
conscientious investigation40--,t4,p4's 
,weekly4 8,a thoughtful                 
book--deserves careful reading40--,law  
,times4                                 
,,volumes ,,just ,,published4           
,euterpe1 or the ,future of ,art4 ,by   

,,lionel ,r4 ,,mccolvin1 author of 8,the
      ,theory of ,book-,selection40     
,shows the considerable influence which 
commercial and economic      factors    
exert on all branches of                
art--literature1 painting1 music1       
architecture1 etc4 ,it analyses the     
various factors responsible for      the
 present low standard of popular taste  
and suggests methods for                
improvement4      ,atlantis1 or ,america
 and the ,future4 ,by ,colonel ,j4 ,f4  
,c4 ,,fuller1      author of 8,the      
,reformation of ,war10 etc4        ,in  
the turmoil and materialism of the      
,united ,states the author sees      the
 beginning of a new civilization which1 
if it can find its soul1      is likely 
to exceed in grandeur anything as yet   
accomplished by the      civilizations  
of the ,old ,world4      ,midas1 or the 
,united ,states and the ,future4 ,by ,c4
 ,h4 ,,bretherton1      author of 8,the 
,real ,ireland10 etc4        ,a         
companion volume to ,atlantis4 ,four    

main sections deal with the             
,u4,s4,a4 as a ,melting ,pot1 the       
,future of ,american ,government1 the   
,future of ,american ,character1 and the
 ,intellectual ,future of      ,america4
 ,the conclusion deals with ,industrial 
,potentialities4      ,nuntius1 or the  
,future of ,advertising4 ,by ,,gilbert  
,,russell4        ,shows that           
advertising has become1 not merely an   
economic necessity1      but a real     
benefit to social life4 ,examines its   
present position as      a factor in    
civilization and outlines its           
potentialities1 not merely      as a    
commercial1 but as a social and         
political1 influence4      ,pegasus1 or 
,problems of ,transport4 ,by ,colonel   
,j4 ,f4 ,c4 ,,fuller4 ,with             
,plates4        ,the author1 after a    
brief review of the history of the      
railway1      shows that roadless       
vehicles1 which in the form of tanks did
 so much      to win the recent war1 in 
the form of commercial machines1 may do 

as      much to win the present peace1  
by solving the problem of               
over-population and1 consequently1 of   
unemployment4                           
,,ready ,,shortly        ,artifex1 or   
the ,future of ,craftsmanship4 ,by      
,,john ,,gloag1 author of      8,time1  
,taste1 and ,furniture40        ,after a
 suggestive sketch of the history of    
craftsmanship1 the      author examines 
the possibilities in the use of         
machinery to extend      craftsmanship  
and make beautiful articles of commerce4
      ,birth ,control and the ,state3 a 
,plea and a ,forecast4 ,by ,c4 ,p4      
,,blacker1 ,m4,c41 ,m4,a41 ,m4,r4,c4,s41
 ,l4,r4,c4,p4        ,a level-headed    
examination of the case for and against 
birth      control1 summing up in its   
favour4      ,sybilla1 or the ,future of
 ,prophecy4 ,by ,c4 ,a4 ,,mace1         
,university of ,st4      ,andrew's4     
,an examination of the possibilities of 
scientific forecasting1 with            
special reference to certain volumes in 

this series4      ,gallio1 or the       
,tyranny of ,science4 ,by ,j4 ,w4 ,n4   
,,sullivan1 author of      8,a ,history 
of ,mathematics40        ,an attack on  
the values which science is so          
successfully imposing      upon         
civilization4      ,the ,future of the  
,english ,language4 ,by ,,basil ,,de    
,,selincourt1 author      of 8,the      
,english ,secret10 etc4        ,an      
analysis of the present condition of the
 ,english language and the      paths   
along which it is progressing4          
,mercurius1 or the ,world on ,wings4 ,by
 ,c4 ,,thompson ,,walker4        ,a     
brilliant picture of the world as it    
will be when inevitable                 
developments in aircraft take place4    
,lars ,porsena1 or the ,future of       
,swearing4 ,by ,,robert ,,graves1 author
 of      8,country ,sentiment10 etc4    
,an account of the popular decline in   
swearing1 the possibility that      it  
will regain its lost prestige1 and new  
influences which are      affecting it4 

,plato's ,american ,republic4 ,by ,j4   
,d4 ,,woodruff4        ,a series of     
witty dialogues in the ,platonic manner 
dealing with      aspects of ,american  
life and manners4      ,the ,future of  
,architecture4 ,by ,,christian ,,barman1
 editor of 8,the      ,architects'      
,journal40                              
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,,transcriber',s ,,notes        ,typos  
fixed2 non-standard spelling and dialect
 retained4    ,enclosed italics font in 
underscores4    ,enclosed bold font in  
equals4