,,department ,,of ,,the ,,navy ,,headquarters ,,united ,,states ,,marine ,,corps ,,washington1 ,d4,c4 #bjchj #be ,march #aife ,,foreword #a4 ,,purpose ,,fmfm #a-a1 ,,marine ,,bayonet ,,training1 is one of a series of ,fleet ,marine ,force ,manuals covering the tactics and techniques to be employed in operations and training by the operating forces of the ,marine ,corps4 ,it is made available to other ,services for information and use as desired4 ,the purposes of ,,fmfm #a-a are3 a4 ,to introduce and describe the method of bayonet fighting employed by the ,marine ,corps4 b4 ,to describe positions and movements used by the bayonet fighter1 and to treat his actions individually and as a member of a group1 both on the offense and the defense4 c4 ,to set forth a program for bayonet training4 #b4 ,,scope ,beginning with a brief history of bayonet fighting and the evolution to the present technique employed by the ,marine ,corps1 individual and group attack and defense are described4 ,training techniques1 use of the pugil stick1 and construction of an assault course are included4 #c4 ,,supersession ,this publication supersedes ,,navmc #aace-;,,ao#c1 ,,bayonet ,,fighting1 dated #bb ,march #aieg1 copies of which may be destroyed without report4 #d4 ,,changes ,recommendations for improvements to this manual are invited4 ,comments and recommended changes should be forwarded to the ,coordinator1 ,marine ,corps ,landing ,force ,development ,activities1 ,marine ,corps ,schools1 ,quantico1 ,virginia #bbacd4 #e4 ,,certification ,reviewed and approved this date4 ,illustration3 ,l4,f4 ,chapman1 ,jr4 ,l4 ,f4 ,,chapman1 ,,jr4 ,lieutenant ,general1 ,u4,s4 ,marine ,corps ,chief of ,staff ,,distribution3 #bjce_/fjbe_/fbjj_/fcjj_/fejj_/fhjj_/gba e_/ 7#b7 #gejf_/gebe-ja 7#b7 #gbee_/gceb_/gejh_/gfjj 7less #gfcf7_/gheg 7#c7 #bjaj_/bjhh_/ceaj_/djjj 7less #dabe7_/ejjj 7#e7 7less #eecg-ji and #efab7_/ffjj 7#e7 #gcgc_/ghjj-jc1-jd1-je_/hade 7#e7 #ajbe_/cjjj_/cebj_/cecj_/fijj_/fijc_/fij e_/ 7#aj7 #fiaj_/fife_/gjjj-dh 7#aj7 #gecj 7less #geci7_/ghjj-ad1-ae_/giej_/ 7#aj7 #gigj_/hejf_/heaa-jb 7#aj7 #bjbj_/bjfj_/cedj_/gchj_/geci 7#ae7 #bjcj_/ceej_/dabe_/efab_/gfcf_/ghjj-ja1 7#bj7 -#jb1-jf1-ji 7#bj7 #bajj 7#be7 #gbcj-ja 7#cj7 #gche_/gcia_/ghjj-aa 7#ej7 #cgjj 7#ge7 #ghjj-ab1-ac 7#ajj7 #eecg-ji 7#aej7 #gcae 7#bjj7 #gbcj-jd 7#dbjj7 #gjjj-jb 7#ej7 ,,marine ,,bayonet ,,training ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,section #a3 ,,introduction ,paragraph ,page ,general #aja #a ,principles of ,bayonet ,fighting #ajb #aj ,,section #b3 ,,position ,,and ,,movements ,general #bja #ac ,the ,guard ,position #bjb #ad ,change of ,direction #bjc #ah ,foot ,movements #bjd #ah ,,section #c3 ,,individual ,,attack ,general #cja #bc ,the ,slash #cjb #bc ,the ,vertical ,butt ,stroke #cjc #bg ,the ,smash #cjd #ca ,the ,horizontal ,butt ,stroke #cje #cd ,the ,jab #cjf #ch ,,section #d3 ,,individual ,,defense ,general #dja #dc ,parry ,right #djb #dc ,parry ,left #djc #dd ,block ,against ,slash #djd #df ,block ,against ,vertical ,butt ,stroke #dje #dh ,,section #e3 ,,combination ,,movements ,general #eja #ea ,list of ,movements #ejb #eb ,,section #f3 ,,group ,,attack ,,and ,,defense ,general #fja #ec ,group ,attack #fjb #ec ,group ,defense #fjc #ed ,,section #g3 ,,training ,general #gja #ei ,demonstration and ,application of the ,basic ,fundamentals #gjb #fj ,the ,assault ,course #gjc #fb ,the ,pugil ,stick #gjd #gc ,,index #hc ,,section #a3 ,,introduction #aja4 ,,general a4 ,evolution of the ,bayonet4--,the bayonet is the infantry weapon which has changed the least during the development and refinement of weapons of war during the last three hundred years4 ,there are several suggested origins of the bayonet4 ,some sources suggest that it derives from the ,baioniers1 crossbowmen of the middle ages1 who carried a large knife or dagger to supplement their crossbows4 ,other sources credit the smugglers of ,basque with using a bayonet-type weapon as a last ditch defense4 ,most ,english literature sources give the credit to ,seigneur ,marecal de ,puysegur who1 in #afdg1 at ,ypres1 ,france1 ordered his troops to insert their daggers into the muzzles of their muskets after firing4 ,de ,puysegur and his unit were from ,bayonne1 ,france1 a town known for dagger manufacture1 hence the term bayonet4 7#a7 ,early infantry commanders employed a warrior known as a pikeman1 armed with a knife attached to the end of a quarterstaff1 to defend the musketeers from an enemy charge while the musket was reloaded4 ,reloading was a time consuming operation and the musketeer was vulnerable during the time his weapon was empty4 ,the pikeman stationed himself in front of the musketeer and warded off any enemy assault with his pike until the musketeer was again ready to fire4 ,de ,puysegur's development thus enabled the musketeer to assume both functions of the 8medieval fire team40 ,this so called plug bayonet was used for a period of forty to fifty years4 ,it consisted of a long dagger with a tapered shaft which was inserted into the muzzle of the musket4 ,the taper was necessary since muzzle diameters were not standardized4 ,the plug bayonet fitted snugly into the muzzle of the musket and was difficult to remove4 ,this was necessary in order to prevent it being withdrawn by the enemy4 ,the musket could not be fired with the bayonet inserted1 a significant disadvantage4 ,the plug bayonet lost favor when it contributed to the defeat of the ,english at the hands of the ,scots at ,killiecrankie1 ,scotland1 in #afhi4 ,the ,english were ordered to fix bayonets after firing a volley at the ,scots4 ,the ,british commander then discovered that his troops were further from the ,scots than he had originally thought4 ,he ordered bayonets detached and muskets reloaded4 ,before loading could be accomplished the ,scots closed with the ,english and thoroughly routed them4 ,the ,english commander1 ,hugh ,mac,kay1 having noted the disadvantages of the plug bayonet1 developed a modification which came to be known as the ring bayonet4 ,the ring bayonet was similar to the plug bayonet1 but the tapered shaft was inserted between two rings fastened to the muzzle1 allowing the musket to be fired with the bayonet attached4 ,there is some evidence that a similar device was being used in ,france ten years prior to the engagement at ,killiecrankie1 indicating that the ring bayonet was not an ,english invention4 7#b7 ,the ring bayonet still left much to be desired4 ,the lack of standardization made a secure fit difficult1 and the rings had a tendency to stretch out of shape with use1 rendering the bayonet useless4 ,this led to the next development of a new bayonet1 known as the socket bayonet4 ,the socket bayonet was introduced in the early #afij's4 ,the lower part of the bayonet was shaped like an elbow1 leaving the blade well out of the line of fire and seating the bayonet firmly on the barrel4 ,again1 lack of standardization made it impossible to produce a single model which would fit even a small number of the weapons of one unit4 ,also1 a sudden tug by an enemy would dislodge the bayonet from the barrel4 ,these difficulties led to further advancements in bayonet design1 in an attempt to find a rapidly attachable bayonet which could be held securely to the barrel4 ,one development made the bayonet part of the musket itself4 ,this was accomplished by splitting the socket sleeve of the ring lengthwise permitting a wider opening which could be hammered closed to obtain a snug fit4 ,experiments with slots1 rings1 catches1 clasps1 springs1 and other assorted devices were made in an attempt to develop a more satisfactory bayonet4 7#c7 ,the bayonet as we know it today has its origins at the beginning of the #aith century4 ,late in the #ahth century a major bayonet modification appeared1 the sword bayonet4 ,this has been the prototype for most bayonets since that date4 ,the now familiar knife blade bayonet came into general use about the same time as the introduction of the magazine rifle1 just prior to the ,civil ,war4 ,there were a variety of shapes and sizes ranging from the sword-like1 #bd-;inch blade down to the dagger-type1 #aj-;inch blade4 ,typically1 there were a variety of short-lived variations and multiuse bayonets4 ,there were saw-toothed blades for use by engineer troops1 saber-edged blades for use by the cavalry1 spade-shaped blades to help the infantryman dig in1 and bolo-knife blades for cutting through the jungles4 ,in addition1 there was a ramrod_/cleaning rod blade consisting of a long cleaning rod1 sharpened to a point at one end and folding under the barrel like the old fashioned cleaning rod4 ,none of these modifications were adopted for long4 ,at this point the rifleman had an instrument with which he could protect himself as he reloaded his weapon4 ,it served to protect him and better his morale when rain had soaked his powder or wind had blown the powder from his pan4 ,he could now defend himself against the sabre slashes of the cavalry or a charge by the infantry4 b4 ,development of ,bayonet ,fighting ,techniques4--,the bayonet was developed to protect the musketeer while he reloaded his weapon1 a defensive mission4 ,the tactics employed were an individual or unit matter2 there was no published doctrine for bayonet fighting4 ,however1 as weapons improved and rapid fire1 longer range weapons were developed1 the troops were more widely dispersed on the battlefield4 ,the percentage of time spent in close combat with the enemy was reduced4 ,as a result1 the use of the bayonet1 a close combat weapon1 was also reduced4 ,there is little said about the use of the bayonet in the ,american ,civil ,war and ,spanish-,american ,war4 7#a7 ,the development of the machinegun and refinements in artillery reversed the trend toward battlefield mobility and ,world ,war ,i was a static conflict in which trench warfare was employed4 ,there were great concentrations of troops1 sometimes in close proximity to one another4 ,the bayonet was extremely important in trench fighting1 and the experience gained in ,world ,war ,i led to the publication of the first manuals on bayonet fighting doctrine4 ,the bayonet was depicted as an offensive weapon1 used in assaulting enemy troops in trenches4 ,many of the principles appearing in these manuals are still valid today4 ,early doctrine pictured the bayonet as essential for successful culmination of the attack4 ,artillery fire was capable of demolishing enemy trenches1 but this was undesirable since the trenches would have to be redug to defend against the inevitable counterattack4 ,therefore the only way to drive the enemy from his trenches without destroying the trench and burying him was through the bayonet assault4 ,the doctrine set forth in these manuals regarding attitude1 standardization of movements1 and practice for bayonet fighting was as follows3 7a7 ,the bayonet fighter was given a firm knowledge of the underlying principles of bayonet combat4 ,the bayonet was regarded as an individual weapon and each bayonet fighter was taught in such a manner as to take advantage of his own physical characteristics4 ,no attempt was made to set down prescribed standards as to the position of feet or hands on the weapon4 ,each bayonet fighter was left free to choose positions and movements most natural to him4 7b7 ,instructors corrected individual errors1 but took advantage of any particular skill possessed by any individual4 ,instructors tried to develop to the fullest degree the proficiency of the individual1 consistent with his physique and degree of development1 but guarded against attempting to make a precise parade or calisthenic drill of bayonet training4 7c7 ,assumption of a vicious1 aggressive attitude was the 8spirit of the bayonet40 ,an actual bayonet fight was depicted as lasting only a few seconds during which time the bayonet fighter was to kill his opponent or be killed himself4 ,the necessity for aggressive action was as obvious then as it is today4 ,the enemy was to be forced on the defensive2 the battle was won if this was achieved4 ,the attack consisted of a succession of thrusts1 cuts1 feints1 and butt strokes delivered in succession and without pause1 so as not to allow the opponent to recover4 7d7 ,the employment of teamwork in the bayonet assault was emphasized4 ,the assaulting troops remained on line4 ,an individual who got too far ahead and was killed before assistance could arrive was not contributing to a successful assault4 ,similarly1 an individual who remained behind was useless in the assault4 7#b7 ,the individual attack movements described in early manuals closely resemble those taught and employed today4 ,today's system is somewhat simpler and facilitates better balance of the bayonet fighter and control of the weapon4 ,training consisted of individual familiarization with the movements1 the use of dummies1 thrusting rings1 and practice in assaulting enemy trenches with troops on line4 ,the latter category received more emphasis4 ,dummies were placed in trenches and attacked by bayonet fighters4 ,the system of bayonet fighting taught to ,american fighting men during ,world ,war ,,ii closely resembled that employed during ,world ,war ,i4 ,the basics of this system were established in #aije and changed very little through the conduct of ,world ,wars ,i and ,,ii4 ,bayonets were employed during ,world ,war ,i principally in the assault of enemy trenches1 while1 in ,world ,war ,,ii1 their employment was extended to include seizure of key enemy held terrain objectives4 7#c7 ,the bayonet fighting system currently taught and employed by the ,marine ,corps was developed by ,doctor ,armond ,h4 ,seidler1 professor in the ,department of ,physical ,education at the ,university of ,illinois4 ,dr4 ,seidler was a bayonet instructor in the ,u4,s4 ,army during ,world ,war ,,ii when the ,biddle system was taught4 ,he felt the movements of the old system were awkward and difficult to execute1 and often caused the bayonet fighter to lose his balance4 ,if the bayonet fighter failed to disable his opponent with the first blow he was then frequently left at the enemy's mercy4 ,dr4 ,seidler was convinced that the movements of the ,biddle system were unnatural and this would result in their being discarded in an actual bayonet fight1 and the bayonet fighter resorting to a disorganized attack on his enemy4 ,under the ,seidler system the guard position remains the basic position4 ,all movements begin from the guard position and each movement consists of an attack and a recovery4 ,the recovery is a return to the guard position4 ,in the execution of a movement1 the two phases follow without deliberate pause4 ,this makes the entire movement a uniformly smooth action4 ,the attack may be continued without returning to the guard position1 either by repeating the same movement or utilizing another followup movement4 ,followup movements are designed so that a blocked initial movement sets the opponent up for the delivery of another killing blow without the bayonet fighter having to return to the guard position and without loss of balance4 c4 ,the ,importance of the ,bayonet4--,the importance of the bayonet cannot be measured by the frequency of its use or the number of casualties for which it accounts4 ,it is indispensable because of the confidence it breeds in the individual fighting man1 and the willingness instilled in him to close with the enemy and destroy him4 ,closing with and destroying the enemy is the mission of the infantry1 and the major importance of the bayonet is that it allows the individual ,marine to accomplish this mission under a wide variety of conditions4 ,the bayonet is always loaded and always operative4 7#a7 ,the importance of assuming the offense as a principle of war cannot be questioned4 ,the bayonet is a symbol of the offense2 of aggressiveness4 ,it gives the infantryman courage and confidence1 provided he is properly trained in its use4 ,it gives individual infantrymen a more offensive attitude1 and better enables them to accomplish their mission in the final assault4 ,it gives them a means of personal protection1 contributing to their security and safety4 ,in addition to its offensive roles1 the bayonet can serve as a last ditch protective measure4 7#b7 ,in situations where friendly and enemy troops are mingled in hand-to-hand combat1 rifle fire may hit friendly personnel4 ,however1 the bayonet is more selective and kills only the person into which it is thrust4 ,as long as the infantry closes with the enemy this capability remains important4 ,in situations of reduced visibility the presence of the bayonet may discourage premature firing and the tragedy which can result from it4 ,for a discussion of the employment of bayonets in the control of riots and civil disturbances1 see ,,fmfm #f-d1 ,marine ,rifle ,company_/,platoon4 7#c7 ,when stealth is required the bayonet is irreplaceable4 ,it is flexible1 capable of being fixed to the end of the rifle or held as a knife1 silent and deadly4 ,it gives the riflemen two capacities1 bullets and blade4 ,bayonet drill is an excellent physical conditioner4 ,the bayonet assault course is strenuous exercise and develops a combination of fitness and skill that contributes to the creation of total military fitness4 #ajb4 ,,principles ,,of ,,bayonet ,,fighting ,the bayonet fighter should be aggressive1 ruthless1 savage1 and vicious4 ,herein lies the key to success with the bayonet4 ,he must never pause in his attack until he has killed his enemy4 ,he must follow each vicious attack with another1 remembering that if he does not kill his opponent1 his opponent will kill him4 ,hesitation1 delay1 and excess maneuvering may result in death4 ,the primary aim of the bayonet fighter is to get his blade into the enemy4 ,all defensive moves1 butt strokes1 and footwork drive towards this end4 ,they are actions taken to enable the bayonet fighter to sink his blade1 for it is the blade that kills4 ,he aims for the vital areas of the enemy4 ,the throat is the best target1 but the belly and chest are also vulnerable4 ,when the enemy seeks to protect one vital area1 he attacks another4 ,he hacks1 cuts1 and slashes the face1 arms1 and hands in order to get to the vital areas4 ,he makes maximum use of the rifle butt to open up vital areas4 ,he delivers the butt strokes hard and close in1 then kills with the blade4 ,if the opponent gives no opening1 he makes one by parrying his weapon4 ,if required1 the bayonet fighter protects himself through blocks and parries4 ,the rifle and bayonet make a good shield4 ,the best defense is not to allow the opponent to take the offensive4 ,the successful bayonet fighter strikes the first blow and follows up with the kill4 ,training and practice are the only way to attain proper form1 accuracy1 agility1 and speed with the rifle and feet4 ,practice and training in these traits lead to coordination1 balance1 speed1 and endurance4 ,the bayonet fighter must continue to practice these movements until they become second nature1 and his attack as natural as running4 ,,section #b3 ,,position ,,and ,,movements #bja4 ,,general a4 ,the basic starting and recovery position in bayonet fighting is the guard position4 ,from this position all movements can originate4 ,this includes movements to attack an enemy1 which will be covered in section #c2 movements to change direction2 and movements of the feet4 ,these movements are natural1 instinctive1 and easy to teach and execute4 ,they bear a close resemblance to the established athletic skill of boxing4 ,although the hands are held in a relatively fixed position1 the arm and foot movements1 feinting1 speed1 and balance are markedly similar4 ,in this system1 the rifle and bayonet are used as a club or quarterstaff1 as well as a spear4 ,there is no sportsmanship in bayonet fighting4 ,the opponent must be destroyed1 not merely defeated4 b4 ,descriptions of movements will state approximate distances4 ,these distances may be adjusted to suit the individual4 ,all movements described are for a right-handed bayonet fighter4 c4 ,the rifle and bayonet in the hands of a trained ,marine become a deadly combination of spear1 sword1 club1 and shield4 #bjb4 ,,the ,,guard ,,position a4 ,general4--,as in boxing the basic position of the bayonet fighter is the ,,guard position4 ,the bayonet fighter in this position is relaxed and alert4 ,the initial attack movement begins from this position4 ,each movement consists of an attack and a recovery4 ,the recovery is in fact a return to the guard position4 ,in executing a movement the phases follow each other without a deliberate pause1 thus making the entire movement a uniformly smooth action4 ,the attack may be continued without returning to the guard position by repeating the same movement or utilizing another movement4 ,in the guard position the bayonet fighter is ready to move into the attack to ward off his enemy4 ,figures #a and #b illustrate front and side views of a bayonet fighter in the guard position4 b4 ,position of the ,feet4--,the feet are spread apart about shoulder width4 ,the left foot is about #f inches forward of the right1 in line with the right instep4 ,illustration3 ,figure #a4--;,guard ,position--,front ,view4 ,illustration3 ,figure #b4--;,guard ,position--,side ,view4 c4 ,position of the ,body4--,the body is held erect or bent slightly forward from the hips1 if this is more comfortable4 ,the knees are slightly bent1 and the weight is evenly balanced on the balls of both feet4 ,the right elbow is slightly forward of the right hip in a relaxed1 natural position and the right forearm is held approximately parallel to the deck depending on the size of the individual4 ,the head is held high permitting continuous eye contact with the opponent4 ,the opponent's facial expression1 especially the eyes1 may give the bayonet fighter warning of his intentions1 but the bayonet fighter must also keep the opponent's feet and hands in view through peripheral vision4 d4 ,position of the ,hands4--,the hands grip the rifle firmly1 but not tensely4 ,the left hand grasps the rifle just below the upper sling swivel1 under the sling4 ,the right hand holds the small of the stock behind the trigger guard4 e4 ,position of the ,rifle4--,the rifle is held so it bisects the angle made by the neck and the left shoulder4 ,it is held a sufficient distance from the chest to contribute to the balance of the bayonet fighter1 usually #aj to #ae inches4 ,the right arm is bent slightly providing a firm1 solid position4 ,the extended position of the arms protects the bayonet fighter's body against an attacker's blows and permits ready parry movements4 ,in the guard position the rifle is held as in port arms1 except that the sling and cutting edge of the blade face the opponent4 f4 ,the ,growl4--,a yell or growl can be effective prior to an attack to temporarily stun the opponent and cause him to freeze momentarily4 ,this yell or growl should be a short1 loud1 vicious noise1 executed in much the same manner as a tiger growls just before he pounces on his victim4 ,the yell or growl adds a feeling of aggressiveness1 self-confidence1 and force to each attack movement4 #bjc4 ,,change ,,of ,,direction a4 ,general4--,the whirl is used to face an opponent not positioned directly to the bayonet fighter's front4 ,whirl movements are executed by pivoting on the foot of the side to which the change of direction is to be made4 ,the rifle and bayonet are held in the guard position during the execution of the whirl4 b4 ,execution of the ,whirl4--,it is possible to whirl #ahj to the right or left1 pivoting on the foot closest to the opponent4 ,it is not necessary to whirl the entire #ahj if stopping short of that distance permits the bayonet fighter to face his opponent4 #bjd4 ,,foot ,,movements a4 ,general4--,proper foot movements must be utilized in order to enable the bayonet fighter to maintain balance and maneuverability of his body at all times1 and thus retain the capability of delivering effective attack movements4 ,the feet are picked up and set down with a slight stomp in the shuffle4 ,they are not slid along the ground4 ,on the battlefield there are numerous obstacles to trip the bayonet fighter who slides his feet4 ,one foot is kept on the deck at all times4 ,never bring the feet together as this results in vulnerability to the slightest attack or push4 ,the shuffle is used to the front or either side4 b4 ,shuffle ,right4--,to shuffle right1 step to the right about #ae inches with the right foot1 and follow with the left foot4 ,to move to the right front1 execute a partial whirl to the right and then shuffle forward in the desired direction4 ,figure #c illustrates steps involved in the shuffle right movement4 ,illustration3 ,figure #c4--,shuffle ,right4 c4 ,shuffle ,left4--,to shuffle left1 follow the same procedure for shuffle right1 except move the left foot to the left and follow with the right4 ,to move to the left front execute a partial whirl to the left and then shuffle forward in the desired direction4 ,see figure #d for an illustration of the shuffle left movement4 ,illustration3 ,figure #d4--,shuffle ,left4 d4 ,shuffle ,forward4--,to shuffle forward1 step about #ae inches forward with the left foot and follow with the right foot to assume the guard position4 ,see figure #e for an illustration of the shuffle forward4 ,illustration3 ,figure #e4--,shuffle ,forward4 ,,section #c3 ,,individual ,,attack #cja4 ,,general ,there are five basic attack movements2 the slash 7to include the horizontal slash71 vertical butt stroke1 smash1 horizontal butt stroke1 and jab4 ,the movements described for hands1 feet1 and body are done simultaneously1 both in the attack and during recovery to the guard position4 #cjb4 ,,the ,,slash a4 ,execution4--,the slash is executed in the following manner3 7#a7 ,assume the guard position4 7#b7 ,step forward about #ae inches with the left foot1 keeping the right foot in place as a base4 7,see fig4 #f47 7#c7 ,hold the right hand in place1 extending the left arm almost fully1 while pulling back on the butt with the right arm4 ,swing the edge of the bayonet forward and down in a slashing arc aimed at the opponent's neck area4 ,illustration3 ,figure #f4--,slash-,step ,forward4 7#d7 ,the step forward and the extension of the left arm are performed simultaneously4 ,the forward step adds force to the slashing movement4 7#e7 ,at full extension of the arms1 when delivery of the blow is complete1 the bayonet should be flat4 ,the left arm is extended1 and the right forearm is held along the stock of the rifle1 approximately waist high4 7,see fig4 #g47 b4 ,horizontal ,slash4--,there is a variation to this movement known as the horizontal slash4 ,the difference is that the bayonet fighter steps forward with the left foot and rotates his body to the right by pivoting on the right foot4 ,at the same time bring the rifle and bayonet to a relatively horizontal position in front of the body4 ,simultaneously1 the right arm is pulled across the body and a hooking action is executed with the left arm4 ,this slash is directed on a horizontal plane at the opponent's head1 neck or side4 c4 ,recovery to the ,guard ,position 7#a7 ,bend the left arm1 pivoting the rifle in the right hand4 7#b7 ,take a step forward with the right foot4 7#c7 ,rotate the body slightly to the front4 ,illustration3 ,figure #g4--,slash-,delivery4 #cjc4 ,,the ,,vertical ,,butt ,,stroke a4 ,execution4--,the vertical butt stroke is executed in the following manner3 7#a7 ,assume the guard position4 7#b7 ,step forward with the right foot about #ae inches4 7,see fig4 #h47 7#c7 ,using the left hand as a pivot for the rifle1 drive the right hand forward and upward in an uppercut type motion4 ,aim the butt of the rifle at the groin4 ,if the opponent bends to avoid being hit in the groin1 his midsection and chin will protrude4 ,in this event1 carry the stroke upward until contact is made with his midsection or chin along the centerline of his body4 7#d7 ,execute the step and uppercut motion at the same time to add force to the blow4 7,see figs4 #i and #aj47 b4 ,recovery to the ,guard ,position4 7#a7 ,pull the right hand back and down until the right elbow is again slightly forward of the right hip in a relaxed1 natural position4 7#b7 ,step forward with the left foot and assume the guard position4 ,illustration3 ,figure #h4--,vertical ,butt ,stroke-,step ,forward4 ,illustration3 ,figure #i4--,vertical ,butt ,stroke to the ,groin4 ,illustration3 ,figure #aj4--,vertical ,butt ,stroke to the ,chin4 #cjd4 ,,the ,,smash a4 ,execution4--,the smash1 frequently used as a followup to the vertical or horizontal butt stroke1 is executed as follows3 7#a7 ,assume the guard position4 7#b7 ,draw the left arm back to the neck area4 ,the rifle is held with sling up4 ,the rifle is now over the left shoulder1 parallel to the deck4 7,see fig4 #aa47 7#c7 ,step toward the opponent about #ae inches with the right foot1 slamming the rifle butt into the opponent's face by extending the arms about #f inches toward the target1 the rifle remains parallel to the deck4 7,see fig4 #ab47 7#d7 ,follow with the left foot after the blow has been struck4 ,if further extension of the arms is necessary1 the bayonet fighter should shuffle forward and again execute the smash4 b4 ,recovery to the ,guard ,position4--,step forward with the left foot about #ae inches1 assuming the guard position4 ,illustration3 ,figure #aa4--,smash-,step ,forward4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ab4--,smash-,delivery4 #cje4 ,,the ,,horizontal ,,butt ,,stroke a4 ,execution4--,the horizontal butt stroke is executed as follows3 7#a7 ,assume the guard position4 7#b7 ,step forward approximately #bj inches forward with the right foot1 using the left foot as a pivot point4 7,see fig4 #ac47 7#c7 ,simultaneously1 bring the rifle butt across in a horizontal arc1 using the left hand as a pivot point4 ,the right arm is almost completely extended4 ,this is a fast hooking action4 7#d7 ,during delivery the rifle is held flat on its side so the toe of the rifle and the sling are pointed toward the target4 ,if the rifle is not held flat1 it is possible that the stock will be broken by the force of an aggressive butt stroke4 7,see figs4 #ad and #ae47 7#e7 ,aim the toe of the butt plate at the opponent's head1 neck1 or side4 7#f7 ,the step1 pivot1 and blow should all occur simultaneously in order to add force to the blow4 b4 ,recovery to the ,guard ,position4 7#a7 ,step forward with the left foot4 7#b7 ,bend the right arm1 lowering the right hand to assume the guard position4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ac4--;,horizontal ,butt ,stroke4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ad4--;,horizontal ,butt ,stroke--,delivery to the ,head4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ae4--;,horizontal ,butt ,stroke--,delivery to the ,side4 #cjf4 ,,the ,,jab a4 ,execution4--,the jab is executed as follows3 7#a7 ,assume the guard position4 7#b7 ,move the left hand downward diagonally across the body1 extending the left arm fully4 ,at this point the blade of the bayonet should be flat1 pointed toward the opponent4 ,at the same time1 pull the small of the stock to the rear with the right hand until the cone of the stock is opposite the hip bone and the right forearm is resting along the flat of the stock with the sling turned out4 7,see fig4 #af47 7#c7 ,aim the blade at the opponents midsection from the stomach to the throat4 7#d7 ,step forward about #ae inches with the left foot1 pushing forward with the shoulders1 and thrusting the blade into the opponent4 7,see figs4 #ag and #ah47 b4 ,recovery to the ,guard ,position4 7#a7 ,withdraw the blade and bring the right hand down and forward while bringing the left hand back4 7#b7 ,step forward with the right foot and assume the guard position4 ,illustration3 ,figure #af4--;,jab ,step ,forward4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ag4--;,jab to the ,throat4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ah4--;,jab to the ,midsection4 ,,section #d3 ,,individual ,,defense #dja4 ,,general ,at times the bayonet fighter may lose the initiative and the opponent may move into the attack4 ,some defensive measures are therefore necessary for protection and in order to permit the bayonet fighter to regain the initiative4 ,the basic defensive moves are the block and parry4 ,the parry is effective against the jab1 while the block is used against the slash and the vertical butt stroke4 ,timing1 speed1 and judgment are key factors in handling defensive moves4 ,the parry is done either to the right or left1 depending on the position of the incoming blade4 ,if the opponent's blade comes in above the bayonet fighter's piece1 the parry should be to the right4 ,if it comes in below the bayonet fighter's piece1 the parry should be to the left4 #djb4 ,,parry ,,right a4 ,execution 7#a7 ,if the opponent's blade is thrust toward the bayonet fighter in a position above the piece of the bayonet fighter1 the parry will be to the right4 7#b7 ,from the guard position1 step forward about #g inches with the left foot1 keeping the right foot as a base4 7#c7 ,extend the left arm outward1 to the right and down1 engaging the opponent's weapon and forcing it to the right and down4 ,this is done by pulling the right hand back along the right hip4 ,ideally1 the opponent's weapon is engaged at the balance of the bayonet fighter's weapon4 ,the operating handle is pointed toward the deck after the opponent's weapon is engaged4 7,see fig4 #ai47 b4 ,move into the ,attack and ,recovery4 7#a7 ,move directly into the attack rather than returning to the guard position4 7#b7 ,deliver a jab1 or step forward with the right foot and deliver a vertical butt stroke4 7#c7 ,recover to the guard position as prescribed in section #c4 #djc4 ,,parry ,,left a4 ,execution4 7#a7 ,if the opponent's blade is thrust toward the bayonet fighter in a position below the piece of the bayonet fighter1 the parry will be to the left4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ai4--,parry ,right4 7#b7 ,from the guard position1 step forward about #g inches with the left foot1 using the right foot as a base4 ,bring the rifle to a vertical position with the right forearm nearly parallel to the deck4 7#c7 ,snap the left hand forward to the left and down engaging the opponent's weapon anywhere between the back of the bayonet and the balance of the bayonet fighter's piece4 ,the rifle will be nearly horizontal with the operating handle up and the sling pointing toward the opponent4 7,see fig4 #bj47 b4 ,move into the ,attack and ,recovery4 7#a7 ,after the parry left1 a slash can be delivered by stepping forward with the left foot4 ,a horizontal or vertical butt stroke can be delivered by stepping forward with the right foot4 7#b7 ,recover to the guard position as prescribed in section #c4 #djd4 ,,block ,,against ,,slash a4 ,execution4 7#a7 ,from the guard position1 thrust the rifle out and up4 ,the weapon stays in the same general position as in the guard position1 but the arms are now nearly at full extension4 7#b7 ,push the balance of the rifle into the opponent's rifle4 7,see fig4 #ba47 ,illustration3 ,figure #bj4--,parry ,left4 b4 ,move ,into the ,attack and ,recovery4 7#a7 ,after the opponent's slash is blocked he is overextended and off balance4 7#b7 ,counter with a slash or horizontal butt stroke4 7#c7 ,recover to the guard position in the same manner as outlined in section #c4 #dje4 ,,block ,,against ,,vertical ,,butt ,,stroke a4 ,execution 7#a7 ,from the guard position1 extend the arms out and down4 7#b7 ,the rifle is now nearly horizontal to the deck1 and the arms fully extended4 7#c7 ,engage the opponent's stock near the balance of the rifle4 7,see fig4 #bb47 b4 ,move into the ,attack and ,recovery 7#a7 ,counter with a horizontal slash or horizontal butt stroke4 7#b7 ,recover to the guard position in the same manner prescribed in section #c4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ba4--;,block ,slash4 ,illustration3 ,figure #bb4--;,block ,vertical ,butt ,stroke4 ,,section #e3 ,,combination ,,movements #eja4 ,,general ,followup movements are attack movements which naturally and harmoniously follow other attack movements4 ,the followup movement is executed from the completed position of the previous movement1 rather than after recovery to the guard position4 ,to ensure a successful attack a bayonet fighter follows each movement with another attack movement until he has killed his opponent4 ,all attack movements are designed so that the attacker is in position to deliver another attack movement should his initial attack not be successful4 ,for example1 if the attacker delivers a slash which is blocked1 he is in excellent position to followup with a vertical butt stroke4 ,ideally1 the followup movement is executed in the same plane as the previous movement1 and it is in keeping with this principle that the followup movements listed in the following paragraph are designed4 ,the most important principle is to follow the initial attack with another offensive action so that the initiative is not lost4 ,the key principle here is aggressiveness rather than a memorized technique4 ,aggressiveness is the real spirit of the followup attack4 ,show no mercy1 for the enemy will show none4 #ejb4 ,,list ,,of ,,movements ,the below listed combinations allow the best transition from one attack movement to another with the least amount of wasted motion4 ,this enables the bayonet fighter to stay on the attack without having to return to the guard position after an unsuccessful initial attack1 thus risking loss of the initiative4 a4 ,guard1 slash1 vertical butt stroke or horizontal butt stroke1 recover to guard position4 b4 ,guard1 parry left1 vertical butt stroke or horizontal butt stroke1 smash1 slash1 recover to guard position4 c4 ,guard1 jab1 vertical butt stroke1 smash1 slash1 recover to guard position4 d4 ,guard1 parry right1 jab1 recover to guard position4 e4 ,guard1 block slash1 vertical butt stroke1 smash1 recover to guard position4 f4 ,guard1 block vertical butt stroke1 slash or jab1 horizontal butt stroke1 recover to guard position4 g4 ,guard1 block vertical butt stroke1 horizontal slash1 vertical butt stroke1 smash1 recover to guard position4 ,,section #f3 ,,group ,,attack ,,and ,,defense #fja4 ,,general a4 ,all the individuals in group actions employ the same individual movements previously described4 b4 ,teamwork is important in any endeavor1 and especially in fighting4 ,the bayonet fighting team can use a few simple tactics to take advantage of superior numbers before the enemy reinforces his position4 ,teamwork can also be used to overcome a numerical advantage favoring the enemy4 #fjb4 ,,group ,,attack a4 ,two ,against ,one4--,two ,marines approach a single enemy4 ,unable to anticipate his actions they advance directly forward but neither converges on him4 ,as the range closes1 the enemy will turn his attention toward one of the two4 ,this ,marine advances quickly toward the enemy and engages him4 ,the other ,marine advances quickly toward the enemy's exposed flank and kills him4 ,should the enemy turn to guard his exposed flank he exposes the other flank1 and can be killed by the ,marine who first attacked him4 ,in such a coordinated attack the ,marine who makes the kill is usually the one attacking the exposed flank4 ,the approach1 attack1 and kill are made in a very few seconds4 ,the importance of speed and aggressive action is obvious4 7,see fig4 #bc47 b4 ,three ,against ,two4--,three ,marines approach two opponents4 ,the ,marines advance directly forward awaiting the enemy's reaction4 ,two ,marines will be engaged4 ,the third then moves swiftly to the exposed flank of one of the enemy1 usually the nearest to his position4 ,as soon as one enemy is killed1 the other is attacked swiftly from his exposed flank by the ,marine who can reach him first4 ,should either enemy being attacked on the exposed flank turn to defend that flank1 he is swiftly killed by the ,marine who was originally making the frontal attack4 7,see fig4 #bd74 #fjc4 ,,group ,,defense a4 ,one ,against ,two4--,when one ,marine is engaged by two enemy opponents1 he immediately dashes to the outboard flank of the nearest enemy4 ,should he allow himself to be caught between the two1 he will be easily killed4 ,he always keeps an enemy between himself and the other enemy so they can be engaged and killed one at a time4 ,a savage attack and quick disposal of one enemy1 before the second can move to the aid of the first1 turns the tide4 7,see fig4 #be47 ,illustration3 #a4 ,approach #b4 ,contact #c4 ,alternate attack ,figure #bc4--,two ,against ,one4 ,illustration3 #a4 ,approach #b4 ,contact ,figure #bd4--,three ,against ,two4 ,illustration3 #a4 ,approach #b4 ,contact ,figure #be4--,one ,against ,two4 b4 ,two ,against ,three4--,when two ,marines are engaged by three enemy1 both move to the outboard flanks of the enemy1 leaving one enemy in the middle4 ,each ,marine savagely attacks and disposes of his adversary before the enemy in the middle can act to help one of his companions4 ,once one ,marine has defeated his opponent he turns on the lone enemy in the middle4 ,again1 victory will go the side which acts swiftly and aggressively4 7,see fig4 #bf47 ,illustration3 ,two ,against ,three4 ,figure #bf4--,two ,against ,three4 ,,section #g3 ,,training #gja4 ,,general a4 ,in addition to introducing the student to the offensive and defensive movements of bayonet fighting1 the initial stages of training should emphasize the development of speed1 form1 balance1 timing1 coordination1 and a vicious1 aggressive attitude1 all important in bayonet fighting4 ,the instructor works to develop a genuine determination in his students2 i4e41 to gain the initiative from the beginning and move in to kill the opponent4 ,each student yells and growls as he executes his practice moves to get into the proper habit4 ,this gives the student the self-confidence and enthusiasm he needs4 ,the instructor tries to make the yell spontaneous1 if possible1 but if students fail to perform properly1 they are encouraged until they do so4 b4 ,future training rekindles the spirit of aggressiveness4 ,variety is employed in training to avoid boredom and useless repetition4 ,the use of training aids such as the pugil stick and bayonet assault course provide this variety1 and are also extremely valuable as training vehicles4 ,bayonet training should be as vigorous as possible in order to contribute to the physical condition of the student4 ,it should be emphasized that bayonet fighting is not for the soft and paunchy4 #gjb4 ,,demonstration ,,and ,,application ,,of ,,the ,,basic ,,fundamentals a4 ,the recommended sequence for demonstration and application of the basic fundamentals of bayonet fighting is as follows3 7#a7 ,guard position and footwork4 7#b7 ,attack movements4 7#c7 ,defensive movements4 7#d7 ,combined movements4 7#e7 ,group attack and defense4 b4 ,each position and movement is explained in detail and demonstrated by the primary instructor4 ,fundamentals and footwork1 as well as attack and defensive movements1 are covered slowly and thoroughly4 c4 ,after a thorough explanation and demonstration1 the students move slowly through everything covered in subparagraph a1 above1 in slow motion1 by the numbers1 until they are thoroughly familiar with what they have been taught4 ,speed is increased as the students become more familiar with the movements until they are being conducted at full speed4 ,timing1 enthusiasm1 and an aggressive spirit are maintained4 d4 ,the whole sequence should be completed for one group of movements before the next is taught4 ,for example1 the student should be thoroughly familiar with the positions and footwork1 and have mastered them at the normal rate1 before he is introduced to the attack movements4 e4 ,after individual movements have been mastered1 combinations and followup movements are taught4 ,these movements are then practiced by the students until they become second nature4 ,the most effective movement to follow another is influenced by the opponent's reaction4 ,these movements are stressed and practiced until they become automatic4 ,the bayonet fighter cannot stop to consider his next move4 ,it is necessary that the student be able to deliver a forceful1 aggressive series of attack movements1 accompanied by proper footwork1 without hesitation or indecision4 f4 ,practice of the attack and defensive movements against another student at half speed facilitates correction of errors4 ,the two students correct one another1 and secondary instructors move among the students1 assisting with corrections4 g4 ,throughout training the student should be relaxed to avoid rigidity4 ,the weapons should be held firmly1 but not tensely4 ,all phases of bayonet fighting are practiced until they are executed instinctively4 ,the student should be able to strike at openings without thinking1 and remain in the attack until he has killed his opponent4 #gjc4 ,,the ,,assault ,,course a4 ,purpose4--,the bayonet assault course is constructed in order to achieve the following objectives3 7#a7 ,to familiarize the student with situations simulating those with which he might be confronted in an actual combat situation4 7#b7 ,to aid in developing the student's speed1 strength1 and endurance4 7#c7 ,to challenge the determination and will power of the student4 ,these qualities are extremely important4 7#d7 ,to provide a means for obtaining good bayonet fighting habits4 7#e7 ,to develop skill in bayonet fighting and make the various movements instinctive and second nature4 b4 ,obstacles4--,the model assault course presented in this publication consists of ten obstacles4 ,they are offered as examples of what can be used4 ,the number and type of obstacles included in any given course depend on the ingenuity of the builders and local conditions4 ,these obstacles are attacked with a mockup rifle which should resemble the ,m-#ad rifle in weight and dimensions4 7#a7 ,obstacle number #a represents an enemy in the guard position4 ,the student executes a parry right1 steps forward1 and executes a jab4 7,see fig4 #bg47 ,illustration3 ,figure #bg4--,obstacle #a4 7#b7 ,obstacle number #b represents an enemy in the guard position4 ,the student executes a parry right1 steps forward and executes a vertical butt stroke4 7,see fig4 #bh47 ,illustration3 ,figure #bh4--,obstacle #b4 7#c7 ,obstacle number #c represents an opponent in a position best suited for attack by the smash4 ,the student steps forward and delivers the smash4 7,see fig4 #bi47 ,illustration3 ,figure #bi4--,obstacle #c4 7#d7 ,obstacle number #d is a target for a vertical butt stroke4 7,see fig4 #cj47 7#e7 ,obstacle number #e represents an opponent running toward the bayonet fighter4 ,the student executes a jab so that the blade penetrates the center of the obstacle4 ,the instructor emphasizes the importance of withdrawing the blade before moving on4 7,see fig4 #ca47 ,illustration3 ,figure #cj4--,obstacle #d4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ca4--,obstacle #e4 7#f7 ,obstacle number #f is a target for a smash4 7,see fig4 #cb47 ,illustration3 ,figure #cb4--,obstacle #f4 7#g7 ,obstacle number #g represents an enemy's head and shoulders protruding from a foxhole4 ,the student slashes at the tire portion of the obstacle4 7,see fig4 #cc47 7#h7 ,obstacle number #h is a target for a horizontal butt stroke4 ,the student executes the horizontal butt stroke1 hitting the bag on top of the post4 7,see fig4 #cd47 ,illustration3 ,figure #cc4--,obstacle #g4 7#i7 ,obstacle number #i represents an enemy behind an embankment4 ,the student charges over the embankment1 turns to face the enemy1 executes a jab1 then withdraws4 7,see fig4 #ce47 7#aj7 ,obstacle number #aj is a training aid which can be used in connection with either basic or advanced bayonet drill4 ,it is inexpensive and versatile4 ,the trainee has his choice of methods of attack and can utilize all accepted bayonet movements against this obstacle4 ,it can be used to introduce a 8free0 movement within an established course1 depending on the individuals speed or position1 or to constitute an entire course1 utilizing assistant instructors to call different methods of attack in order to vary the trainees approach to the aid4 7,see fig4 #cf47 ,illustration3 ,figure #cd4--,obstacle #h4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ce4--,obstacle #i4 c4 ,construction4--,the ten obstacles are constructed from readily available materials4 ,they consist mostly of old auto tires1 canvas1 and #b by #d inches and #d by #d inches lumber4 ,obstacles #a1 #b1 and #aj have moving wooden arms which are not difficult to construct4 ,the obstacles should be set far enough apart to allow maneuvering between them4 ,the assault course can be laid out in any available terrain1 and should be at least #bjj to #cjj meters in length4 ,rugged terrain provides excellent physical conditioning facilities4 ,natural obstacles such as streams1 ridges1 thick foliage1 etc41 can be used to make the course more difficult4 ,artificial obstacles such as wire entanglements1 log walks1 hurdles1 and fences can also be added4 ,illustration3 ,figure #cf4--,obstacle #aj 7,combination ,obstacle74 d4 ,safety ,precautions4--,students should first run the assault course at a moderate pace1 and increase their speed as their technique and physical condition improve4 ,the instructor ensures that discipline and control are maintained4 ,the instructor and his assistants station themselves along the course to observe the method of attack and make necessary corrections4 ,in addition1 the following safety precautions should be observed3 7#a7 ,ensure that the bayonet is securely attached to the weapon before beginning the assault course4 7#b7 ,caution personnel to remain in the line of obstacles4 ,serious injury can result if personnel are permitted to zigzag through the course4 7#c7 ,do not permit personnel to attack the first obstacle until preceding personnel have reached the third obstacle4 7#d7 ,when the last obstacle is completed1 personnel should be directed to return by specific routes to the designated marshalling area1 remaining at least #e yards away from the closest obstacle4 e4 ,demonstration and ,application4--,the first phase of the assault course training includes a demonstration of the technique of attacking each obstacle by the instructor4 ,the instructor then runs the entire course employing the correct movements on each obstacle4 ,the students then practice their movements on the individual obstacles4 ,when the students have gained sufficient proficiency they move through the entire assault course4 #gjd4 ,,the ,,pugil ,,stick a4 ,general4--,the execution of the movements of bayonet fighting in response to a verbal command from instructors are kept to a minimum4 ,this type of training is necessary to teach the movements1 but once they have been learned the student must automatically execute them in response to the movements of his opponent4 ,there is no substitute for practical application when learning a skill4 ,actual bayonet fighting is not practical because of the hazards involved4 ,however1 bouts employing the pugil stick bear a close resemblance to actual bayonet fights1 and can be employed without serious injury to either contestant4 ,the student sees for himself the importance of assuming the attack immediately1 as well as the importance of aggressiveness and ferocity4 ,he sees which combinations of blows are successful1 and learns to understand the result of his making a mistake in an actual bayonet fight4 ,here he learns the meaning of the term 8kill or be killed40 ,illustration3 ,figure #cg4--,the ,pugil ,stick ,material4 b4 ,construction4--,see figure #cg4 7#a7 ,materials for construction of the pugil stick include the following3 7a7 ,an octagonal stick #a inches in diameter and #dd inches long4 7b7 ,two canvas bags #aj inches long1 one #f inches in diameter and one #h inches in diameter4 7c7 ,chopped foam rubber and cotton padding4 7d7 ,a roll of foam rubber #ae inches wide4 7e7 ,tape1 wire1 and tacks4 7#b7 ,method of ,construction4 7a7 ,cut grooves -inch deep in the stick as shown in the diagram 7see fig4 #cg74 ,taper the stick at the hand grips to approximately #a inches in diameter4 7b7 ,fill the bags with chopped foam rubber and cotton4 7c7 ,wire and tack the bags to the end of the stick4 ,tighten the wire into the grooves at the end of the stick4 ,the stick should extend #f inches into the bag1 leaving #d inches of overlap and making the total length of the pugil stick #eb inches1 the length of the ,m-#ad rifle with bayonet4 7d7 ,cover the wire and tacks with tape4 7e7 ,wrap foam rubber around the center of the stick1 leaving only the #f to #h inches of tapered hand grip exposed4 ,secure the foam rubber padding with tape4 7#c7 ,size of ,pugil ,stick4--,the pugil stick should be approximately the same length and weight as the ,m-#ad rifle with bayonet attached4 ,this enables the bayonet fighter to train with a weapon which closely approximates the weapon he uses in an actual combat situation4 c4 ,safety ,equipment and ,precautions 7#a7 ,whenever engaged in a pugil stick bout1 the student should be equipped with the following3 7a7 ,a football helmet with full bird cage face mask4 7b7 ,lacrosse gloves4 7c7 ,protective cup athletic supporter4 7#b7 ,instructors in charge of pugil stick bouts see that proper bayonet fighting procedures are followed by students engaged in bouts4 ,the proper bayonet fighting grip is employed at all times4 ,the pugil stick is not used as a baseball bat4 ,in no instance do the hands leave the pugil stick4 ,neither throwing or swinging is allowed4 ,pugil stick fighters refrain from hitting their opponent with the center portion of the pugil stick4 7#c7 ,instructors ensure that protective equipment is properly secured before the bout begins4 ,bouts will be stopped whenever one participant becomes completely defenseless1 after a telling blow has been struck1 when equipment becomes loosened or knocked off1 or when the pugil stick is being used improperly4 ,students are instructed to stop all action when the whistle is blown4 d4 ,regulations for ,bouts 7#a7 ,students are normally paired off so that opponents are of approximately equal height and weight4 7#b7 ,each bout is officiated by an instructor with a whistle4 7#c7 ,contests continue until one contestant has scored a killing blow4 ,a killing blow is one delivered solidly to the head1 neck1 groin1 or midsection with the blade end of the pugil stick2 and to the head1 groin1 or neck with the butt end of the stick4 ,if a killing blow is struck in the first few seconds of the bout1 for training purposes the bout may be continued for a prescribed period of time4 ,the winner will be the individual who struck the most killing blows in the time allotted4 ,time limits may be set by the instructor1 taking into consideration the physical condition of the students and the time available4 7#d7 ,instructors periodically remind students that basic attack movements and combinations are most effective4 ,instructors also continually emphasize aggressiveness4 ,they ensure that all trainees yell and growl while engaged in a bout4 7#e7 ,short bouts1 with rapid changing of equipment1 retains enthusiasm and interest4 7#f7 ,bouts begin with both contestants in the guard position and about #e yards apart4 7,see figs4 #ch and #ci47 7#g7 ,no score occurs if a student removes either hand from the weapon to throw or swing at his opponent4 7,see fig4 #dj47 ,illustration3 ,figure #ch4--,on ,guard ,with ,pugil ,stick4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ci4--,square ,off ,with ,pugil ,stick4 ,illustration3 ,figure #dj4--,vertical ,butt ,stroke ,with ,pugil ,stick4 7#h7 ,a round-robin type elimination is effective in getting all students into bouts1 and emphasizing the importance of aggressive action in winning4 ,the winners of each bout are allowed to fight again after a brief rest1 until they are defeated4 ,this provides one winner in the end1 with appropriate personal recognition4 e4 ,demonstration and ,application4--,all movements1 offensive1 defensive1 and combinations are demonstrated with the pugil stick4 ,the student is then given the opportunity to go through the movements with the pugil stick in slow motion1 and then at normal speed4 ,after gaining proficiency in all movements the students are given an opportunity to practice what they have learned against a target4 ,an artificial stationary target offering resistance further develops timing and coordination4 ,heavy bags1 similar to the type used by boxers in training1 can be used effectively to train bayonet fighters4 7,see fig4 #da47 ,after the student has attacked the dummies1 allowing him the sensation of attacking a solid target1 and practicing the attack movements1 he is then ready for bouts against other students4 ,illustration3 ,figure #da4--,stationary ,targets for ,pugil ,stick ,training4 ,,index ,paragraph ,page ,a ,assault course #gjc #fb ,construction #gjc;c #gj ,demonstration and application #gjc;e #gb ,obstacles #gjc;b #fc figs4 #bg-cf #fc-ga ,purpose #gjc;a #fb ,safety precautions #gjc;d #gj ,attack1 group #fjb #ec ,three against two #fjb;b #ed ,two against one #fjb;a #ec ,b ,bayonet3 ,evolution of #aja;a #a ,importance #aja;c #i ,bayonet fighting techniques3 ,change of direction #bjc #ah ,combination movements #eja #ea ,development of #aja;b #d ,foot movements #bjd #ah ,group attack #fjb #ec ,group defense #fjc #ed ,guard position #bjb #ad ,individual attack #cja #bc ,individual defense #dja #dc ,principles of #ajb #aj ,biddle system #aja;b7#c7 #h ,blocks3 ,against slash #djd #df fig4 #ba #di ,against vertical butt stroke4 #dje #dh fig4 #bb #ej ,c ,change of direction #bjc #ah ,general #bjc;a #ah ,whirl1 execution of #bjc;b #ah ,combination movements #eja #e ,combination obstacle fig4 #cf #ga ,construction of obstacles #gjc;c #gj ,construction of pugil stick #gjd;b #gc ,course1 assault #gjc #fb ,d ,defense1 group #fjc #ed ,one against two #fjc;a #ed ,two against three #fjc;b #ed ,direction1 change of #bjc #ah ,e ,evolution of the bayonet #aja;a #a ,f ,foot movements #bjd #ah ,general #bjd;a #ah ,shuffle forward #bjd;d #bj fig4 #e #ba ,shuffle left #bjd;c #ai fig4 #d #bj ,shuffle right #bjd;b #ai fig4 #c #ai ,g ,group attack #fjb #ec ,two against one #fjb;a #ec fig4 #bc #ee ,three against two #fjb;b #ed fig4 #bd #ef ,group defense #fjc #ed ,one against two #fjc;a #ed fig4 #be #eg ,two against three #fjc;b #ed fig4 #bf #eh ,growl #bjb;f #ag ,guard position #bjb;a #ad figs4 #a #b #ae #af ,position of body #bjb;c #ad ,position of feet #bjb;b #ad ,position of hands #bjb;d #ag ,position of rifle #bjb;e #ag ,h ,horizontal butt stroke #cje #cd ,execution figs4 #ac-ae #ce-cg ,obstacle fig4 #cd #fi ,recovery to guard position #cje;b #cd ,horizontal slash #cjb;b #be ,i ,importance of bayonet #aja;c #i ,individual attack #cja #bc ,horizontal butt stroke #cje #cd figs4 #ac-ae #ce-cg ,horizontal slash #cjb;b #be ,jab #cjf #ch figs4 #af-ah #ci-da ,slash #cjb #bc figs4 #f #g #bd #bf ,smash #cjd #ca figs4 #aa #ab #cb #cc ,vertical butt stroke #cjc #bg figs4 #h-aj #bh-cj ,individual defense #dja #dc ,block against slash fig4 #ba #di ,block against vertical butt stroke #dje #dh fig4 #bb #ej ,parry left #djc #dd fig4 #bj #dg ,parry right #djb #dc fig4 #ai #de ,j ,jab #cjf #ch ,execution figs4 #af-ah #ci-da ,obstacles fig4 #bg #fc fig4 #ca #ff fig4 #ce #fi ,recovery to guard position #cjf;b #ch ,m ,movements3 ,combination #eja #ea ,foot #bjd #ah ,general #bjd;a #ah ,individual attack #cja #bc ,o ,obstacles #gjc;b #fc figs4 #bg-cf #fc-ga ,construction of #gjc;c #gj ,p ,parry left #djc #dd fig4 #bj #dg ,parry right #djb #dc fig4 #ai #de ,pugil stick #gjd #gc ,construction #gjd;b #gc fig4 #cg #gd ,employment figs4 #ch-dj #gh-hj ,regulations for bouts #gjd;d #gf ,safety equipment and precautions #gjd;c #ge ,s ,seidler1 ,dr4 ,armond ,h4 #aja;b7#c7 #h ,slash #cjb #bc ,execution #cjb;a #bc figs4 #f #g #bd #bf ,obstacle fig4 #cj #ff ,recovery to guard position #cjb;c #be ,smash #cjd #ca ,execution figs4 #aa #ab #cb #cc ,obstacles fig4 #bi #fe fig4 #cb #fg ,recovery to guard position #cjd;b #ca ,t ,training #gja #ei ,assault course #gjc #fb ,demonstration and application1 basic principles #gjb #fj ,general #gja #ei ,pugil stick #gjd #gc ,v ,vertical butt stroke #cjc #bg ,execution figs4 #h-aj #bh-cj ,obstacles fig4 #bh #fd fig4 #cj #ff ,recovery to guard position #cjc;b #bg ,for sale by the ,superintendent of ,documents1 ,u4,s4 ,government ,printing ,office ,washington1 ,d4,c41 #bjdjb - ,price #ce cents ,transcriber's ,notes pg #f ,changed3 make a precise parade or calisthentic to3 make a precise parade or calisthenic pg #f ,changed3 ,assumption of a vicious1 aggessive to3 ,assumption of a vicious1 aggressive pg #ag ,changed3 temporarily stun the oponent to3 temporarily stun the opponent