,transcrib]'s ,note    ,italic text     
display$ z3 italic            ,,little  
,,blue ,,book ,,no4 #ajej    ,edit$ by  
,e4 ,haldeman-,julius      ,x-,ray1     
,violet ,ray    & ,o!r ,rays      ,) ,_!
 ,use 9 ,mod]n ,m$ic9e      ,mayn>d     
,%ipley      ,,haldeman-,,julius        
,,company    ,,gir>d1 ,,kansas          
,copyright1 #aibf1    ,haldeman-,julius 
,company      ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$   
,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica          ,,table   
,,( ,,cont5ts                           
,page      ,introduction                
#d      ,*apt] ,i4      ,ev]yday ,uses (
 ,x-,rays                             #e
      ,*apt] ,,ii4     ,curative ,value 
( ,x-,rays--,x-,rays ,cure ,:oop+       
,c\gh--,x-,rays = ,mal>ia               
#ah      ,*apt] ,,iii4    ,m>tyrs to    
,radiology                              
#cb      ,*apt] ,,iv4     ,discov]y &   
,nature ( ,x-,rays                      
#dc      ,*apt] ,v4      ,ultra-,violet 
,light 9 ,heal? & ,disease--,sunlight   
& ,infantile ,p>alysis                  

#dh          ,,introduction      ,highly
 important z are ! ph5om5a (            
,radioactivity f !  physical1 *emical1  
m$ical1 & philosophic po9ts ( view1 !y  
are h>dly comp>able 9 _! relations to ! 
affairs ( our  ev]yday life to ! ,ro5tg5
 or ,x-rays1 & to ! invisible violet  or
 ultra-violet rays4 ,! ,x-rays are      
utiliz$ today 9 hundr$s (  practical    
ways1 & are va/ly important also 9      
surg]y1 m$ic9e1  d5ti/ry1 & 9 biological
 inve/igations4 ,x is p]haps n too mu*  
to say t ! discov]y ( ! s-call$ ,x-rays 
%\ld be numb]$  among ! two or ?ree mo/ 
important revelations ( mod]n sci5ce4   
,?is w be cle>ly demon/rat$ 9 ! c\rse ( 
! *apt]s to  foll[4          ,x-,,ray1  
,,violet ,,ray ,,& ,,o!r ,,rays         
,,*apt] ,i    ,,ev]yday ,,uses ,,(      
,x-,,rays      ,to enum]ate & describe  
all ! practical uses ( ,x-rays1 ap>t f  
m$ic9e & sci5tific rese>* 9 g5]al1 w\ld 
require a good _m  m pages ?an c be     
devot$ to ! subject "h4 ,to take a few  
cases  at r&om1 )\t describ+ ! in/rum5ts

 & me?ods employ$3  radiography reveals 
flaws 9 ! /ructure ( iron & /eel build+ 
& bridge mat]ials1 & 9 ! cyl9d]s (      
airplane eng9es1 & s  avoids accid5ts4  
,9 ,engl& a gasol9e or petrol tank 0 %[n
 to  h rivet heads on ! outside & none  
on ! inside4    ,s]i\s defects 9 ! /eel 
axles ( railway & automobile 8"u        
c>riages0 h be5 discov]$ by radiography4
 ,9 "o case1 at lea/1  ! axles _h be5   
drill$ 9 ! wrong position & ! holes _h  
be5  simply fill$ ) metal & cov]$ ov]4  
,an entire lot 0 reject$  9 consequ5ce &
 probably s]i\s accid5ts 7 =e/all$4     
8,cracks 9 ca/+s1 bad welds & weak      
places :i* d n %[ on   ! surface ( metal
 are p]fectly cle> to ! se>*+ rays4 ,h[ 
mu* w\ld y give to "k t t weld$ "p 9 y\r
 automobile   is really solid & p]fect1 
t x conta9s no flaw to break d[n   "s   
day :5 y are tw5ty miles f a ma*9e %op8 
,a well-kn[n   me*anical eng9e] said    
rec5tly t 9 t5 ye>s a metallurgical     
,x-ray ma*9e w be z vital a "p ( !      
equipm5t 9 an   automobile repair %op1 a

 f\ndry1 or ma*9e %op z x is n[ 9 a     
d5ti/'s (fice40    ,we are assur$ by ,! 
,iron ,trade 7#gc3bf7 t 8! practice (   
analyz+ metals by means ( ,x-rays is    
only 9 its infancy4 ,!re  is e reason to
 believe t soon great advances w be made
 9  det]m9+ ! cry/allization & !re=e !  
prop]ties ( metals4  ,/ud5ts (          
metallurgy are well aw>e t ! prop]ties (
 metals  & o!r bodies dep5d on ! nature 
( _! cry/allization4 ,!  microscope has 
r5d]$ valuable s]vice l>gely because x  
enables  ! =m & arrangem5t ( ! cry/all9e
 gra9s to be /udi$4 ,!  ,x-ray c>ries ! 
same =m ( inquiry into a region #aj1jjj 
times m  m9ute1 !reby furni%+ new       
evid5ce z to cry/all9e /ructures1  s t x
 is n[ possible to see ! atoms & !      
molecules1 &  ! way !y =m cry/als4 ,e   
cry/al has its *>act]i/ic  ,x-ray       
spectrum & c be id5tifi$ !reby ev5 :5 ! 
individual  cry/als are beyond ! resolv+
 p[] ( ! microscope & !  sub/ance is 9  
dang] ( be+ call$ amorph\s4 ,if a       
specim5  conta9s a mixture ( cry/all9e  

sub/ances1 ! spectrum %[s !  comb9$     
effect ( all ! sub/ances1 & provid$ ea* 
individual  spectrum is kn[n1 ! specim5 
c be analyz$40    ,! ,x-rays are also   
us$ to det]m9e ! quality ( ! fabric 9   
automobile tires1 & ev5 to detect       
irregul>ities 9 ! c5t]s (  golf balls1 &
 to reveal :y "s ( !m fly /raight] &    
f>!r  ?an o!rs4    8,! pr(essional      
detective1 too10 says ,mr4 ,wilfr$ ,s4  
,ogd5 7,popul>  ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 ,augu/1
 #aibc71 8w f9d ,x-rays useful 9 8      
bus9ess4 ,consid] ! detection ( inf]nal 
ma*9es1 = example4  ,two or ?ree ,x-ray 
plates w tell an inve/igator j :at is 9 
a  suspici\s-look+ box4 ,if x is a bomb 
! ,x-ray w %[ him h[  to get x ap>t &   
r5d] x h>mless4 ,imm$iate detection (   
false  bottoms 9 trunks is *ild's play )
 ! ,x-ray4 ,:5 ! gov]nm5t  provid$ its  
cu/oms inspectors ) ,x-ray ma*9es ! gems
 :i*  smuggl]s try to hide 9 ! l9+s (   
clo!s or 9 holl[-h&l$  hairbru%es might 
z well be worn op5ly4    8,! ,x-rays    
give u "o ( ! easie/ ways to detect !   

alt]ation  ( *ecks & o!r docum5ts4 ,x is
 seldom t su* an alt]ation is  made )   
exactly ! same ink us$ on ! orig9al4    
,inks ev5 ( !  same color1 diff] 9 ! way
 !y affect ! rays4 ,9 mo/ cases all  t  
is necess>y to detect an alt]ation is to
 place ! suspect$  docum5t = a mom5t "u 
! ,x-rays & make a photograph ( x4 ,!   
new ink us$ 9 ! alt]ation w /& out      
cle>ly z diff]5t f  ! old4    8,!       
indu/rial detective w f9d ,x-rays j z   
useful4 ,!  adult]ation ( foods by      
sawdu/1 s& or clay2 ! add+ ( too mu*    
fill] to pap]2 ! pres5ce ( grit 9       
lubricat+ oil1 all w be  reveal$4       
8,ano!r use ( ! rays comes home to e    
cook & h\sewife4 ,x-rays  con/itute !   
only sure way to tell good eggs f bad4  
,pass ea*  egg 9 turn ?r\gh ! ,x-rays & 
let its %ad[ fall on a *emical  scre54  
,y w see exactly :at is inside ea* egg4 
,! ones  conta9+ hopeful *icks may be   
reject$40    ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable      
economic or biological uses ( ! ,x-ray  
s f> develop$ is ! /udy ( silk-worms &  

_! diseases4 ,!  ,silk ,association (   
,am]ica has e/abli%$ a                  
laboratory--,dep>tm5t (  ,s]iculture--9 
! ,canton ,*ri/ian ,college1 presid$ ov]
 by a /aff  ( ,*9ese & =eign            
entomologi/s4 ,"h ! silk-worm is ,x-ray$
 by  p[]ful microscopes1 & all 8        
disord]s diagnos$ & correct$1  says ,mr4
 ,philip ,a4 ,y\ntz 7,sci5tific         
,am]ican1 ,septemb]1 #aibe74    8,num]\s
 autopsies on deceas$ memb]s ( !        
silk-worm tribe reveal$  t f #ej to #ajj
 p]c5t ( ! worms rais$ 9 ,s\? ,*9a 7    
infect$ ) diseases t made ! infant      
mortality rate excessively  high &      
de/roy$ ! value ( ! silk f ^? h>dy en\gh
 to  survive4 ,! elim9ation ( ^!        
diseases w\ld enable ,s\? ,*9a to       
produce f\r or five times z mu* silk40  
,9 ,great ,brita91 ,x-rays are us$ 9 !  
analysis ( coal1 ! me?od  be+ an        
adaptation ( ! ,x-ray /]eoscope4    ,9  
,b]l91 ,s4 ,nalk51 a not$ crim9ologi/1  
has devis$ an important  improvem5t 9   
f+]-pr9t id5tification4 ,x-ray pictures 

are  obta9$ ( ! f+]1 ) ! muscles &      
bones4 ,?is is done  )\t ! use ( any    
*emicals t c\ld ob/ruct ! delicate      
furr[s ( ! f+] l9es4 ,moreov]1 ! f+]    
bone is %ap$  s *>act]i/ically z to aid 
id5tification4 ,:5ev] a c]ta9  lik5ess (
 f+]-l9es is discov]$1 ! bones are      
exam9$ to see  if fur!r rese>* is       
necess>y4    ,picture fak]s h be5       
de?ron$ by application ( ! ,x-ray to    
pa9t+s4 ,rec5tly pa9t$ 8old ma/]s0 are  
n[ easily detect$4  ,mod]n arti/s use   
:ite-lead1 :i* is m opaque ?an ! 8prim+0
  or 8siz+0 us$ by ! old] arti/s2 & !   
,x-ray device 8made 9  ,g]many0 9 #aiad 
by ,dr4 ,fab]1 & fur!r develop$ by !    
,fr5*  exp]t1 ,dr4 ,&r ,*ron1 at once   
di/+ui%es ! old f ! new4  ,"o picture by
 ,van ,o/ade1 ( m5 dr9k+ at a table1    
prov$ to be a  fraud :5 submitt$ to !   
,x-ray2 x _h be5 pa9t$ ov] a /udy (     
dead birds4 ,ano!r1 call$ 8,! ,royal    
,*ild10 a suppos$ #af? c5tury  "w1 n[ 9 
! ,l\vre1 0 prov$ to h be5 pa9t$ dur+ ! 
#ai? c5tury ov] a picture ( v mu* e>li] 

date4    ,dur+ a popul> lecture on !    
,x-ray 9 ,london1 be=e ! ,royal         
,in/itution1 ! di/+ui%$ physici/1 ,pr(4 
,g4 ,w4 ,c4 ,kaye1 %[$  a numb] (       
radiograph slides1 among :i* 7 two      
pictures by ,dut*  pa9t]s1 "o repres5t+ 
! ,madonna & ! o!r ! ,crucifixion4  ,9 !
 =m]1 ! ,madonna appe>$ to be look+ at  
some?+ :i*  0 non-exi/5t 9 ! canvas1 & a
 radiograph prov$ ! miss+  object 0 a   
*ild :i* "s =m] own] ( ! picture _h     
pa9t$  out4 ,9 ! second picture1 a woman
 9 ! attitude ( pray] 0 f\nd  to h be5  
pa9t$ ov] :at 0 9 ! orig9al ! figure ( a
 man  9 monk's g>b4    ,! fir/ ,x-ray   
pictures ev] tak5 ( a mummy 7 complet$  
by  sci5ti/s at ! ,am]ican ,museum (    
,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,city4  ,! 
pictures %[+ ! skeleton 9 detail are    
expect$ to be a great  aid 9 /udy+ !    
developm5t ( bone =mations 9 ! evolution
 (  man4 ,?is fir/ subject ( ! sci5ti/s'
 ,x-ray 0 a ,s\? ,am]ican  ,indian      
mummy4 ,fake mummies1 l false gems1 are 
in/antly detect$ by  ,x-ray me?ods4     

,"o ( ! me?ods us$ = detect+ ! !ft (    
diamonds at !  m9es is to exam9e !      
workm5 ) ,x-rays4 ,( c\rse1 a           
fluoroscope  is us$ to make ! ,x-ray    
image visible1 & ?is is ! type us$ 9    
any regul> ,x-ray "w4    ,! ,x-rays are 
n[ be+ us$ 9 %oe-/ores--8foot-o-scope0  
in/rum5ts--to enable %oe salesm5 to see 
! bones ( a cu/om]'s  foot & ?us make   
correct fitt+s ( %oes4    ,a few ye>s   
ago !re arriv$ f ,g]many a new k9d (    
me*anical  doll4 8,a secret me*anism    
inside enabl$ x to walk1 sit d[n or /&  
up1 & to d o!r unusual ?+s4 ,! import] 9
 possession ( !  sample doll w\ld n all[
 x to be op5$4 ,b "o ( ! competitors    
borr[$ ! doll4 ,he _h promis$ n to op5  
x4 ,b he made "s  ,x-ray photographs (  
x4 ,n[ he is manufactur+ ^! dolls       
himself40    ,dur+ ! ,_w ,w> e ef=t 0   
made to introduce contrab&  mat]ials    
into ,g]many & if x _h n be5 = !        
all-see+ eye (  ! ,ro5tg5 ray1 x w\ld h 
be5 impossible to prev5t mat]ials (  !  
utmo/ importance to ! enemy f rea*+ him 

by way ( neutral  c\ntries4 ,ef=ts 7    
made repeat$ly to smuggle rubb] & copp] 
by  bury+ !m 9 bales or bundles ( o!r   
mat]ials4 ,x w\ld h be5  impossible to h
 made a m9ute inve/igation ( e bale t 0 
%ipp$1 b by means ( ,x-rays x 0 possible
 to see ?r\gh ^!  bundles & packages &  
locate any sub/ances t 7 m or less      
opaque to ! rays4    ,! ,x-ray has be5  
f\nd useful = exam9+ timb] up to #ah    
in*es  ?ick = int]nal knots1 res9       
pockets1 cracks & o!r defects4    8,:5  
subm>9es 7 active & ! supply ( ! be/    
k9ds ( wood  0 unc]ta91 x 0 necess>y to 
make "s ( ! wood5 p>ts out  ( small     
pieces ( ord9>y wood fitt$ & glu$       
toge!r4 ,! way  ^! pieces 7 jo9$ & fa/5$
 0 extremely important4 ,a bit (  weak  
glue inside "s little /rut might mean a 
disa/r\s collapse 9  ! air4 ,b real     
inspection seem$ impossible1 = ! places 
:]e  important faults might exi/ 7 hidd5
 f view4 ,f9ally sci5ti/s  solv$ !      
problem by build+ an ,x-ray app>atus )  
:i* !y c\ld  look into ! inside ( ea*   

built-up airplane "p & tell :e!r x  held
 "s little imp]fection :i* might prove  
dang]\s4    8,?is #8int]nal inspection' 
( wood5 articles by ,x-ray has be5      
appli$1 s9ce ! w>1 to _m o!r articles4  
,hidd5 jo9ts inside  high-class         
furniture & cab9et "w1 invisible knots &
 flaws inside  ! wood itself1 c be      
det]m9$ easily by ,x-ray exam9ation40   
7,w4 ,s4  ,ogd574    ,! ,sci5tific      
,am]ican 7,septemb]1 #aibd7 publi%$ an  
ab/ract (  a pap] read be=e ! ,deuts*5  
,buns5-,gesells*aft1 9 :i*  ,dr4 ,d4    
,co/] %[$ t 8! relations betwe5 ! ,x-ray
 spectra (  ! diff]5t elem5ts are s     
simple t1 9 "s respects1 !y are  m      
useful = purposes ( *emical analysis ?an
 ord9>y lum9\s  spectra4 ,an important  
advantage is ! fact t ! ,x-ray spectrum 
( an elem5t is q indep5d5t ( ! nature ( 
! comp\nd  conta9+ x4 ,x is easy to     
detect ! pres5ce 9 a mixture (  :i* n m 
?an "o milligram is available4 ,c]ta9   
precautions  are necess>y 9 exam9+ !    
,x-ray spectra2 al?\gh ! numb] (  l9es =

 ea* elem5t is comp>atively limit$1     
rec5t obs]vations  h %[n ! exi/5ce ( a  
numb] ( weak] l9es2 9 addition to  ?is1 
) ! high voltages n[ g5]ally us$1 n only
 ! spectrum  ( ! fir/ ord]1 b also ^? ( 
high] ord]s appe>4 ,slight  impurities 9
 ! mat]ial ( ! antica?ode1 & 9 ! subject
  "u exam9ation1 also give _! l9es1 s t 
!re are (t5  v>i\s possibilities to be  
consid]$ be=e a giv5 l9e c be  expla9$4 
,n only ! wave l5g?1 b also ! typical   
appe>ance  ( ! suspect$ l9es mu/ be     
consid]$1 z well z _! relative          
int5sity4 ,by measur+ photometrically ! 
int5sity ( ! spectral  l9es x is        
possible1 9 "s cases1 to obta9 a        
quantitative e/imate  ( ! am\nt ( an    
elem5t pres5t 9 a mixture40    ,ano!r   
me?od ( rapid analysis ( mat]ial 9 !    
laboratory by  ! use ( ,x-rays 9 a mu*  
%ort] "t ?an t requir$ by !  old]       
*emical me?ods is t devis$ by ,pr(essor 
,urba91 ( !  ,m9]o-,*emical ,laboratory 
at ! ,sorbonne1 ) ! assi/ance (  ,eug5e 
,delaunay4 ,mr4 ,delaunay1 :o did !     

actual "w ( te/+ !  new ,x-ray me?od1   
says !re is no risk ( error4    ,by     
employm5t ( ,x-rays ! sci5ti/ is n[ able
 to asc]ta9 !  arrangem5t ( ! atoms &   
molecules )9 ! cry/al 8network0         
7/ructure--or 8space lattice0 ( !       
cry/al74#a ,! results are  obta9$ f !   
/udy ( ! reflection & refraction ( !    
rays by  ! cry/als1 or1 m precisely1 !  
successive r[s ( molecules 9  ! cry/al4 
,^! act t[>d ! extremely %ort ,x-rays 9 
! same  way z a grat+ spectroscope does 
to ord9>y light-rays4    ,man's ability 
to l5g!n ! ultra-violet end ( ! spectrum
 is  limit$ by 8 capacity to provide a  
diffraction grat+1 or a m9]al  prism1   
:i* c split up light-waves ( increas+ly 
great] frequ5cy  7or %ortness74 ,! wid? 
( a grat+ space 7a f9e l9e on speculum  
metal1 :i* acts z a m9ute mirror7 mu/ be
 comp>able to ! wave  l5g? ( ! light4   
,previ\s to ! discov]ies ( ,pr(4 ,max   
von  ,laue 9 ,muni* 7n[ 9 ,zuri*71 &    
,pr(4 ,william ,h5ry ,bragg1 ( !        
,univ]sity ( ,london1 no grat+ or o!r   

mat]ial 0 kn[n ^:  spaces 7 z small z ! 
wave l5g? ( ,x-rays4 ,laue conceiv$ !   
brilliant idea t ! regul> arrangem5t ( !
 atoms 9 a cry/al  might s]ve ! purpose4
 ,!y did4 ,bragg1 & lat] 8 son1 ,pr(4   
,w4  ,l4 ,bragg1 ( ! ,univ]sity (       
,man*e/]1 foll[$ up ! "w ( ,laue  )     
results ( immeasurable value to sci5ce4 
,a v important relation betwe5 ! atomic 
numb] ( an elem5t  & its ,x-ray spectrum
 0 discov]$ by ! brilliant "y ,engli%   
physici/1 ,h4 ,g4 ,t4 ,moseley          
7#ahhh-aiae71 9 8 #bf? ye>1 a ye>  be=e 
8 dea? by a ,turki% bullet at !         
,d>danelles4 ,:ile  analyz+ ! *>act]i/ic
 ,x-rays :i* are giv5 (f :5 any k9d  (  
sub/ance is bomb>d$ ) ca?ode rays1      
,moseley f\nd t !  atoms ( all ! diff]5t
 sub/ances emit radiations or gr\ps (   
radiations :i* are extraord9>ily simil>1
 b :i* diff] 9 _!  wave l5g?s z we      
proce$ f sub/ance to sub/ance2 !        
frequ5cies  7wave l5g?s7 *ange by       
def9ite /eps z "o progresses f elem5ts  
( l[] to elem5ts ( high] atomic weights4

 ,?r\gh ,moseley's  epo*-mak+ discov]y  
we n[ "k t ea* ( ! #ib elem5ts1  f      
hydrog5 to uranium1 is built up by      
successive additions ( "o  positive *>ge
 7proton7 & "o negative electron1 & t ! 
atomic  numb]s--f #a to #ib--;correspond
 to ! numb] ( protons & electrons  9 ea*
 successively heavi] 7& m complex7 atom4
      ,,footnotes3    #a ,?is phase (   
our subject c only be allud$ to 9 ?is   
little  book4 ,= an au?oritative yet    
easily und]/ood exposition ( !  subject1
 see ,bragg1 ,w4 ,h4 & ,w4 ,l41         
8,x-,rays & ,cry/al ,/ructure02  also   
,kaye1 ,g4 ,w4 ,c41 8,x-,rays02 &1 = m  
advanc$ read+1  de,broglie1 ,maurice1   
8,x-,rays04          ,,*apt] ,,ii       
,,curative ,,value ,,( ,x-,,rays      ,9
 my ,little ,blue ,book on ,radium 7,no4
 #ajjj71 x is %[n t !  8emanation0 & !  
8gamma rays0 ( radioactive sub/ances are
 be+  us$ to great advantage 9 our      
hospitals1 b t c]ta9 dang]s to  !       
pati5t's normal cells att5d$ employm5t (
 ^! radiations4    ,x is gratify+ to    

note t successful ,x-ray treatm5ts are  
n[  be+ giv5 9 cases ( canc]1 rays be+  
produc$--"u high-t5sion  curr5ts--t are 
almo/ id5tical ) ! gamma rays ( radium4 
,moreov]1 ! ,x-rays h a d\ble value 9   
m$ic9e4 ,9 ! fir/  place1 !y are us$ z  
an aid to diagnosis1 =m+ ^? bran*es (   
radio!rapy kn[n z radioscopy &          
radiography4 ,!n !y are also  us$ to    
great advantage 9 ! alleviation or cure 
( c]ta9 maladies4  ,by means (          
radioscopic or radiographic exam9ation x
 may be f\nd  t !re is a tumor 9 ! *e/1 
& z a result ( t diagnosis  x may be    
decid$ to in/itute treatm5t 7radio!rapy7
 by means (  ,x-rays or radium rays or !
 two comb9$4    ,! me?od ( employ+      
extremely p5etrat+ ,x-rays--"u high     
voltage  & amp]age--seems to h be5 fir/ 
us$ 9 ,g]many1 dur+ ! ,_w  ,w>1 b 0 soon
 develop$ to a high degree ( effici5cy 9
 ,france1  ,engl&1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1   
especially by ,dr4 ,william ,duane1     
pr(essor ( biophysics at ,h>v>d4    ,z  
e>ly z #aiai1 ,pr(essor ,dessau]1 9     

,g]many1 produc$ !  p5etrat+ ,x-rays by 
means ( a high-t5sion curr5t rang+ f    
#agj1jjj to #bdj1jjj volts4 ,x 0 lat]   
f\nd1 t rays at #bjj1jjj  volts became  
homog5e\s1 s t a fur!r increase 0       
consid]$ z  ( no !rapeutic value4    ,9 
,m>*1 #aibc1 ,dr4 ,i4 ,se? ,hirs*1 head 
( ! ,x-ray dep>tm5t ( !  ,bellevue      
,hospital 9 ,new ,york1 gave a dra/ic   
treatm5t--= canc]--(  f\r p]iods ( #af  
h\rs ea* ) ! ,x-rays at #bej1jjj volts1 
app>5tly ) satisfactory results4 ,!     
pati5t suff]$ no pa9 or  inconv5i5ce    
dur+ ! treatm5t ) ! exception (         
occasional  nausea4 ,a ye> lat] an      
exp]im5t 0 made 9 a ,philadelphia       
laboratory :]e an ,x-ray treatm5t (     
#cjj1jjj volts 0 us$4 ,x seems  t       
alleviation r ?an cure has be5 ! result 
( ne>ly all  cases :]e canc] _h be5 well
 advanc$4    ,o!r important improvem5ts1
 mean:ile1 7 be+ introduc$ by !  ,g]man 
speciali/s1 dur+ ! ,_w ,w> & lat]1 among
 :i* 0  ! j m5tion$ me?od ( giv+ l>ge   
tissue-de/roy+ doses1  requir+ f t5 to  

#ae h\rs2 to ?is 0 add$ c>eful          
filtration  ( ! rays1 & ! inv5tion ( !  
ionto--a quantimet] = exact             
measurem5ts4 ,a numb] ( malignant       
diseases is report$ to h  yield$ to ?is 
new sy/em ( massive doses "u high]      
voltage4 ,b  ,pr(essor ,duane has /at$ t
 nei!r ,x-rays nor ! gamma rays (       
radium %\ld be consid]$ z a p]man5t cure
 = canc]4    ,until rec5tly ! tubes 9   
:i* ,x-rays are produc$ h always be5    
made ( glass4 ,! late/ discov]y is a    
tube made ( fus$ silica1 or  vitreosil4 
,vitreosil p]mits ! passage ( ! %ort    
rays1 w /&  a mu* high] temp]ature ?an  
glass1 & is mu* /rong]4 ,?is means  m   
cont9u\s s]vice f ,x-rays4    ,accord+  
to ,dr4 ,francis ,c4 ,wood1 director ( !
 ,crock] ,in/itute  ( ,canc] ,rese>* (  
,columbia ,univ]sity1 a m>k$ advance 9 !
  treatm5t ( canc] has be5 made possible
 by a new type ( ,x-ray  tube1 !        
inv5tion ( ,dr4 ,c4 ,t4 ,ulrey1 ( !     
,we/+h\se ,company4  ,! new tube has a  
high] emissive p[]--9 o!r words1 x is z 

if  ! c&le-p[] ( an ord9>y lamp 7       
increas$ six-fold4 ,x is  besides       
design$ = use ) high] voltages ?an h    
previ\sly  be5 practical 9 ,ro5tg5ology4
 ,! result is to r$uce ! necess>y       
exposure f two or ?ree h\rs p] pati5t to
 #bj m9utes1 & to  increase ! life ( !  
tubes4 ,incid5tally1 ! new tube gives a 
great] proportion ( ! type ( rays t cure
 c]ta9 =ms (  canc]1 & less ( ! sort t  
attack heal?y tissue4    ,a revolution>y
 discov]y by ,dr4 ,jacques ,=e/i]1 (    
,aix-les-,ba9s1  ,france1 = :i* a gold  
m$al 0 aw>d$ him 9 #aibe by ! ,fr5*     
,academy1 has made possible a me?od (   
exact diagnosis by ,x-rays  h]et(ore    
deem$ by _m work]s impossible (         
atta9m5t4    ,z is well kn[n1 x is n    
difficult to make an ,x-ray picture (  !
 bones ( ! body4 ,!y are s mu* d5s] ?an 
! s(t p>ts  ( ! body t1 ev5 ) ! ord9>y  
photographic plate1 x has  be5 possible 
to photograph !m fairly well4 ,by pump+ 
! /oma*  full ( gas or air--:i* are     
highly transp>5t to ! ,x-rays--&  !n    

apply+ ! ,x-ray1 x has sometimes be5    
possible to locate !  beg9n+s ( canc] ( 
! /oma*1 & ! place ( malignant gr[?4    
,ano!r me?od 9 common use is to give !  
pati5t ab\t a p9t (  "s sub/ance opaque 
to ,x-rays1 su* z bismu? c>bonate1 ?us  
mak+  x possible to record ! passage ( !
 mixture1 ! outl9e ( !  /oma* & !       
inte/9es ?us be+ made visible4 ,9 ?is   
way ulc]s  ( ! /oma* h be5 frequ5tly    
locat$4    ,bismu? & simil> sub/ances   
c\ld n be inject$ into ! bra9  or sp9al 
cord1 on acc\nt ( _! poison\s effect on 
! highly  s5sitive cells ( ^! regions4  
,n[1 ?anks to ! me?od discov]$  by ,dr4 
,=e/i]1 ! cavities ( ! bra9 & sp9e c be 
safely  explor$1 z well z ! network (   
bron*ial tubes 9 ! lung--!  s-call$     
8bron*ial tree40    ,9 an int]view )    
,mr4 ,david ,dietz1 ,dr4 ,=e/i] said 79 
"p73    8,i make use ( a ,fr5* oil call$
 lipiodol4 ,x is a *emical comp\nd      
compos$ ( poppyse$ oil & iod9e4 ,!      
*emical previ\sly _h be5  us$ z a       
treatm5t = c]ta9 diseases1 su* z goit]4 

,b no "o  _h ev] ?\ght ( us+ x 9 ,x-ray 
"w4    8,i notic$ t :]e pati5ts _h be5  
treat$ ) lipiodol opaque  spots appe>$  
:5 ,x-ray pictures 7 made ( ! treat$    
p>ts4 ,x  occurr$ to me1 !re=e1 t       
lipiodol c\ld be us$ z a means (  mak+  
photographs4    8,accord+ly1 9 company )
 ,dr4 ,sic>d ( ,p>is1 ,i began to       
exp]im5t4 ,we work$ ) animals until we 7
 conv9c$ ( !  correctness ( our me?od4  
,:5 we 7 sure t x 0 safe we tri$  x on  
human be+s4 ,i h us$ x 9 m ?an #e1jjj   
cases 9 ,europe  )\t hav+ a s+le adv]se 
result4    8,! lipiodol is inject$ into 
! bra9 cavity or ! canal ( !  sp9al cord
 or ! bron*ial tubes & !n a regul>      
,x-ray photograph  is made4 ,! oil r5d]s
 ! inject$ "p opaque to ,x-rays & !y  %[
 up z %>p black images 9 ! photographs4 
8,! me?od is ( p>ticul> value :5 a      
pati5t is suff]+ f  p>alysis :i* has be5
 caus$ by a pressure ( a tumor or gr[?  
some:]e along ! sp9al cord4 ,9 ?is case 
a drop ( ! oil is  inject$ into ! sp9al 
canal at ! base ( ! bra94 ,9 a heal?y   

pati5t x w\ld imm$iately travel to !    
base ( ! sp9e4 ,b  9 ! p>alyz$ pati5t x 
only travels z f> z ! po9t (            
compression4 ,! ,x-ray picture !re=e    
reveals ! drop ( oil z a  black spot4 ,!
 surgeon !n kn[s ! exact spot at :i* to 
op]ate  9 ord] to f9d ! gr[? caus+ !    
pressure1 :i* 9 turn results  9         
p>alysis4    8,9 diagnos+ ! lungs ) !   
use ( lipiodol ! injection 9 !  bron*ial
 tree enables ! ,x-ray work] to tell at 
once :e!r !  pati5t is suff]+ f diseases
 ( ! bron*ial tubes !mselves1  or f     
diseases ( ! lung tissue1 su* z         
tub]culosis40    ,x is gratify+ to be   
able to relate t along ) ! improvem5ts  
already describ$1 progress has also be5 
made 9 ! prep>ation (  photographic     
plates requir$ by ! radiograph]4 ,until 
rec5tly no  photographic plate _h be5   
made :i* fully met ! requirem5ts (      
,x-ray "w1 & !re 0 little contra/ 9     
,x-ray photographs4 ,!y  7 all mu* too  
s5sitive to ! long] 7visible7 wave      
l5g?s1 &  produc$ blurr+ effects4       

,e>ly 9 #aiba an excell5t photographic  
plate1 #be times m rapid ?an  any?+     
previ\sly kn[n1 0 inv5t$ by ,dr4 ,leon>d
 ,a4 ,levey1 a  prom95t memb] ( !       
,ro5tg5 ,society4 ,x makes an ,x-ray    
photograph  ( ! vital organs ( ! liv+   
body ^: movem5ts h hi!rto  blurr$ !     
images on ! ord9>y photographic plate4  
,di/9ct  pictures ( ! he>t1 lungs &     
/oma* c n[ be made4 ,dr4 ,levey has     
made snap%ot photographs ( ! he>t1 lungs
 & kidneys4 ,all 7  tak5 9 a fla% ) !   
,x-rays on ! new plate4    ,dr4 ,h4     
,be*] has call$ ! att5tion ( ,am]icans  
to ! a*ievem5t  ( ,dr4 ,s*leussn]1 an   
em95t ,g]man au?ority 9 photo*emical    
matt]s1 :o has succe$$1 aft] ye>s (     
inve/igation1 9  s5sitiz+ photographic  
plates = ,x-ray use by an addition (    
c]ta9  organic salts :i* are absorb$ by 
! gra9s ( silv] bromide on !            
photographic plate4 ,! plate ?us =m$ is 
v responsive to !  s(t rays ( an ,x-ray 
tube4 ,! s(t rays are relatively long]  
?an  ! h>d ,ro5tg5 rays4 ,"o c\ld comp>e

 ! s(t rays to blue-violet  light1 if _!
 effects on ?is new photographic plate  
are us$ = !  comp>ison4 ,photographs    
tak5 ) su* plates give v contra/+       
effects4    ,on ! 8,neo-,ro5tg5 plate0 !
 effect ( ! yell[ light 0 almo/  nil4 ,=
 ?is reason1 develop+ ! plate is        
consid]ably facilitat$1  z ! plate c be 
expos$ to yell[ light & ! att5dant1 :o  
ne$  n be a skill$ op]ator1 c exam9e !  
plate 9 a r brilliant  light )\t        
necess>ily guess+ at possible results4  
,! exam9ation  ( ! plate "u a ruby light
 is1 !re=e1 completely done away  )4 ,x 
foll[s t if ! new ,x-ray plate %\ld come
 into g5]al  use1 mu* cle>] ,x-ray      
photographs w\ld be possible2 ! "t (    
exposure c\ld be decreas$2 an unskill$  
op]ator c\ld develop !  plate 9 a room  
flood$ ) yell[ light4 ,su* improv$      
plates are n[  be+ ext5sively us$4      
,:ile n attempt+ to enum]ate all !      
special affections to :i*  ,x-ray !rapy 
is n[ be+ successfully appli$1 a few    
uses may be  m5tion$4      ,x-,,rays    

,,cure ,,:oop+ ,,c\gh    ,9 a prelim9>y 
report publi%$ 9 ! ,m$ical & ,surgical  
,j\rnal  7,bo/on71 ,dr4 ,h5ry ,i4       
,b[dit* & ,dr4 ,ralph ,d4 ,leon>d       
express !  belief t a valuable cure =   
:oop+ c\gh has be5 f\nd 9 ,x-ray        
treatm5t ( ?is disease1 :i* has         
/ubbornly resi/$ mo/1 if n  all1 ( ! o!r
 rem$ies appli$4    ,def9ite improvem5t 
0 not$ 9 mo/ ( #bf cases ( active       
p]tussis  7:oop+ c\gh7 treat$ ) !       
,x-ray1 ! subjects ( :i* rang$  9 age f 
?ree mon?s to #dj ye>s1 ) disease /ages 
f "o to  t5 weeks4 ,! physicians add$ t 
!y c\ld n give any rational  explanation
 ( ! action ?r\gh :i* ! ,x-ray appe>$ to
 produce  b5eficial results4 ,! report  
said3    8,ea* pati5t receiv$ ?ree or   
f\r applications ( ! ,x-ray at  int]vals
 ( two or ?ree days40    ,_m ( ^! cases 
h n be5 obs]v$ suffici5tly long to      
det]m9e ! f9al result4 ,nev]!less1 8x is
 evid5t to u t  !re result$ a def9ite   
improvem5t 9 ^! pati5ts :i* _c  be      
expla9$ by m]e accid5t4444 ,x does n    

seem likely t !  b5eficial result is due
 to any direct bact]icidal prop]ty ( !  
,x-ray4    8,we feel w>rant$ 9 classify+
 a small p]c5tage ( ^! #bf cases  "u !  
head+ ( 8prompt cures40 ,by ?is we mean 
t aft] two or  ?ree applications (      
,x-rays1 cov]+ a p]iod ( six days1 !    
spasms  & :oops entirely disappe>$ & !  
pati5ts 7 cl9ically well1  except =1    
possibly1 a v slight c\gh4    8,! bulk (
 ! cases1 h[ev]1 we h classifi$ z       
reliev$4 ,?is  gr\p consi/s ( p]haps #gj
 p]c5t ( ! total4 ,by reliev$ we mean  t
 !re has be5 a gradual dim9ution 9 !    
numb] ( spasms4    8,!re is a small     
p]c5tage ( cases1 p]haps #aj to #ae     
p]c5t1 :i*  app>5tly 7 n reliev$4 ,9 ?is
 gr\p are includ$ "o moribund  case & "o
 r difficult fe$+ case4    8,:ile our   
evid5ce s f> is n suffici5t to w>rant   
any def9ite  conclusions1 we h ! feel+ t
 ! ,x-ray at ! pres5t "t may  be ( m    
value 9 ! treatm5t ( p]tussis ?an any   
o!r =m (  treatm5t1 includ+ s]um40      
,x-,,rays ,,= ,,mal>ia    ,an ,italian  

physician1 ,dr4 ,antonio ,pais1 (       
,v5ice1 has s9ce #aiaf  be5 successfully
 treat+ mal>ia by means ( ,x-rays4 ,?is 
treatm5t  is1 h[ev]1 n employ$ z a      
sub/itute = qu99e1 b m]ely to  re9=ce   
its action4 ,! ,x-rays are direct$ t[>d 
! region ( !  sple51 & ! effect is to   
r$uce its enl>gem5t4 ,at ! same "t  !   
composition ( ! blood is modifi$4 ,!    
success obta9$ by ,dr4  ,pais has1      
accord+ to ! ,biblio?que ,univ]selle et 
,rvue ,suisse  7,lausanne71 be5 s great 
t ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t decid$ to        
introduce 8 me?od ( treatm5t into !     
milit>y hospitals4    ,s9ce ! w> !      
treatm5t has be5 /udi$ by ,pr(4 ,b4     
,grassi1 :o  made a report1 at an       
,italian sci5tific meet+1 9 :i* he      
decl>$  ! action ( ,x-rays ^u *ronic    
mal>ia to be 8truly m>vel\s40 ,!        
,biblio?que ,univ]selle says1 reg>d+    
e>li] treatm5ts3    8,! attempt 0 made  
by !m to de/roy ! p>asite conta9$ 9 !   
sple54 ,b x is n[ kn[n t ! ,x-rays      
employ$ = !rapeutic  action h no effect 

^u micro-organisms1 al?\gh !y may be    
injuri\s to ! elem5ts ( ! blood4 ,9 !   
me?od devis$ by ,dr4  ,pais1 ! ,x-rays  
are employ$ to /imulate ! function+ ( ! 
sple51 ( ! m>r[1 & ( ! lympa?ic elem5ts 
by means (  slight b prolong$           
excitation2 !y are employ$ 9            
inf9itesimal  doses--homeopa?ically1 s  
to speak4 ,?us ! result is absolutely   
diff]5t z well z ! me?od40    ,dr4      
,james ,b4 ,murphy demon/rat$ t         
accompany+ canc] grafts on  immune      
animals !re occurs a g5]al increase 9 ! 
circulat+  lymphocytes & hyp]plasia ( ! 
lymphoid tissue4 ,:5 ! lymphoid  tissue 
( immune animals 0 de/roy$1 !           
immunibility 0 annull$4  ,two me?ods (  
increas+ ! lymphocytes h be5 f\nd1      
namely1  diffuse small doses ( ,x-rays1 
& dry heat4 ,mice ) lymphocytosis       
induc$ by ^! ag5ts %[ ,increas$         
resi/ance to replants ( _!  own tumors4 
,! results af=d gr\nd = hope ( human    
application4  7,report$ 9 ,sci5tific    
,am]ican ,mon?ly1 ,janu>y1 #aibj1 page  

#if47    ,x has be5 f\nd t actively gr[+
 tissue1 :e!r normal  or pa?ological1 is
 ! mo/ susceptible to ,x-rays1 & x is   
comp>atively easy to /]ilize a numb] (  
species ( animals  )\t o!rwise injur+   
!m4 7,pr(4 ,james ,w4 ,mayor1 ,sci5ce1  
,septemb] #bc1 #aiba47 ,c4 ,r4 ,b>de5   
f\nd t ,x-rays prev5t worms f  reg5]at+ 
lo/ p>ts4 ,obs]vations ( ! effect (     
exposure to  ,x-rays on ! f]tility (    
animals 7 describ$ 9 a pap] by ,pr(4    
,l4 ,h4 ,snyd] ( ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a        
,college ( ,agriculture4 ,exposure (    
male rats to ,x-rays1 he said1 _h r5d]$ 
!m /]ile at ! end (  two mon?s1 !       
animals rega9+ f]tility :5 no long]     
subject$ to  ! rays4    ,if n h&l$ ) due
 caution & skill1 ,x-rays may d m h>m   
?an good1 provok+ malignant gr[?s z well
 z ret>d+ _!  developm5t4 ,z e>ly z     
#aiaa1 ,otto ,heese publi%$ a record (  
#ed  cases ( canc] caus$ by means (     
improp] h&l+ ( ^! p[]ful  rays4    ,9 ! 
e>ly days ( ,x-ray !rapy ! nature &     
effects ( ^!  radiations 7 :olly unkn[n4

 ,op]ators did n hesitate to te/  &     
adju/ _! tubes by ?r[+ ! %ad[ ( _! h&s  
on !  fl\roscope4 ,x-rays d n make      
objects visible to ! human eye1 &  to   
see ! effects ( !m x is necess>y to     
int]pose a special  scre5 betwe5 ! eyes 
& object ?r\gh :i* ! ,x-rays are to     
p5etrate4 ,! c>dbo>d scre5 is coat$ ) a 
fluoresc5t sub/ance1  su* z             
b>ium-plat9um-cyanide1 or calcium       
tung/ate4 ,?is scre5 is  be/ plac$ 9 "o 
end ( a black wood5 or pa/ebo>d box1    
aga9/ !  o!r end ( :i* ! eyes are plac$ 
:5 9 use4    ,?is scre5 "u ! influ5ce ( 
,x-rays becomes lum9\s & enables  "o to 
see %ad[s or silh\ettes ( objects ( d5s]
 mat]ial  int]pos$ betwe5 ! eyes & !    
,x-ray tube1 :5 ! tube is 9  op]ation4  
,,*apt] ,,iii    ,,m>tyrs ,,to          
,,radiology      ,x 0 n until sev]al    
ye>s aft] ! discov]y ( ,x-rays by       
,ro5tg51 9 ,decemb]1 #ahie--;aft]       
op]ators _h be5 sev]ely burn$  9        
laboratories & hospitals all ov] ! _w1 &
 surgeons &  physicians began to comp>e 

notes1 t ! pa?ological effects (        
,x-rays 7 discov]$ & und]/ood4    ,says 
,john ,macy 79 8 memorial volume on     
,walt] ,james ,dodd1 h]oic  victim ( #ej
 sep>ate op]ations due to ,x-ray burn73 
8,x is easy n[ to und]/& :at 0 happ5+ to
 ,dodd & 8  contempor>ies4 ,9 a mod]n   
,x-ray ma*9e ! /r5g? ( ! curr5t1  !     
quality ( ! sp>k1 all ! conditions1 are 
det]m9$ by  metrical in/rum5ts4 ,9 !    
e>ly days ! op]ator te/$ 8 tube  &      
adju/$ x by ?r[+ ! %ad[ ( 8 h& on !     
fluoroscope2  by ! look ( ! %ad[ he     
judg$ h[ ! ma*9e 0 behav+4 ,fir/  he us$
 ! left h& until t became too sore1 !n !
 "r4 ,&  until devices 7 f\nd to focus &
 conf9e ! rays1 ! face ( !  op]ator 0   
expos$1 & sometimes ! neck & *e/ 7      
burn$4  ,a limit$ exposure to ! ,x-ray  
is z h>mless z a walk 9 !  sunlight4 ,x 
is ! repeat$1 cont9u\s bomb>dm5t ( ! ray
 t is  calamit\s4 ,dodd & ! o!r pione]s 
liv$ 9 ! ,x-ray40    ,john ,l4 ,bau] 0 !
 fir/ victim ( ! ,x-ray1 9 #aijf4 ,he 0 
foll[$ 9 #aiad by ,h5ry ,gre51 :o1      

al?\gh he knew he 0 doom$1  & 9 spite ( 
! fact t he _h become almo/ helpless    
physically  because s mu* fle% _h be5   
cut away 9 amputat+ canc]\s  gr[?s1     
p]si/$ 9 8 "w to ! end4    ,major ,eug5e
 ,wilson ,caldwell ( ! ,m$ical ,res]ve  
,corps ( ! ,unit$  ,/ates ,army1 !      
inv5tor ( ! ,caldwell liquid int]rupt] &
  o!r devices = !rapeutic use1 lo/ 8    
life 9 #aiah4 ,dr4 ,*>les  ,infroit ( ! 
,salpetrire ,hospital1 ,p>is1 di$ on    
,novemb] #bi1 #aibj4  ,"o ( ,dr4        
,infroit's h&s became infect$ 9 #ahih z 
a result ( 8  cont9u\s use ( ! ,x-ray1 &
 an op]ation 0 p]=m$4 ,aft] t  he _h #bd
 o!r op]ations1 #bb ( !m p]=m$ 9 ! la/  
t5 ye>s  ( 8 life1 ! la/ on ,augu/ #a1  
#aibj1 :5 8 "r arm & left  wri/ 7       
amputat$4    ,dr4 ,*>les ,vaillant1 ^:  
h]oic s]vices to humanity h made        
necess>y #ac amputations until n[ he is 
armless1 on ,febru>y #ai1  #aibc1       
receiv$ f ,unit$ ,/ates ,ambassador     
,h]rick ! ,c>negie  plaque1 :ile !      
cravat ( ! ,p>is ,gold ,m$al ( ! ,fr5*  

,legion  ( ,honor 0 conf]r$ ^u ! m>tyr4 
,physicians say fur!r  amputations are  
inevitable1 & t ^! w result 9           
,vaillant's  dea?4    ,9 #aiba1 ! em95t 
,engli% radiologi/s1 ,dr4 ,cecil ,ly/] &
 ,dr4  ,ironside ,bruce1 & ,dr4 ,adolphe
 ,l]oy ( ! ,/4 ,antonie ,hospital 9     
,p>is1 di$ m>tyrs to _! noble pr(ession4
 8,all ( ^! m5 w5t  kn[+ly to dea?4     
,p]haps !y did n take _! sacrifices 9 ! 
_s ( ! sa9t1 possess$ by a vision (     
suff]+ humanity4  ,!irs may h be5 !     
ardor ( ! sci5ti/1 ! endurance ( a      
work] :o he>s ! *all5ge ( nature's      
sil5ce & goes to battle4  ,b 9 !mselves 
!y express ! p[]ful urge ( a _s t longs 
to see1 to feel1 to "k1 & to possess all
 ! my/]ies ( !  univ]se4 ,x is ! same _s
 t makes m5 rebel & agonize =  a bett]  
ord] ( humanity4 ,^! m5 seem bett] ?an !
 _w t  produces !m4 ,b ea* ( !m1 :5 he  
dies1 may pull ! re/ (  humanity a      
little clos] to 8 level40    ,dr4       
,fr$]ick ,h5ry ,baetj] ( ,johns ,hopk9s 
,hospital has only two (  8 t5 f+]s     

left4 ,he lo/ ! o!r eight z ! result (  
burns  receiv$ 9 ,x-ray exp]im5tation4  
,dr4 ,francis ,c>t] ,wood1 ,x-,ray &    
radium exp]t ( ! ,crock] ,special  ,fund
 ,canc] ,laboratory ( ,new ,york1 calls 
p>ticul> att5tion to  ! fact t 8! dea?s 
:i* are occurr+ n[ are ! results (      
repeat$ exposures t5 or m ye>s ago1 :5  
no "o knew :at !  effect ( ! rays might 
be4 ,! burns suff]$ !n 7 ! result (     
cont9u\s exposure )\t protection aga9/ !
 rays4 ,"o exposure1  or a mod]ate numb]
 ( !m1 w\ld d no h>m2 b be=e ! pres5t   
p]fection ( ! app>atus x 0 necess>y to  
adju/ ! focus =  ea* picture1 & !       
op]ator w\ld d ?is by look+ at 8 b>e    
h&s ?r\gh ! fluoroscope4 ,?is result$ 9 
*ronic burns1 & !  burn$ fle% =m$ a     
f]tile soil = canc]4 ,lead "o-qu>t] ( an
  in* ?ick w /op bo? radium & ,x-rays40 
,9 ,dr4 ,wood's op9ion1 work]s 9 ,x-rays
 today 8ne$ n suff] any ill  effects    
except ?r\gh _! own c>elessness40    ,a 
discov]y :i* promises to put an end to !
 dang]s to life &  limb risk$ by ^? :o  

engage 9 work+ ) ,x-rays 0 communicat$  
to ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces ( ,p>is z e>ly 
z ,may1 #aibj4 ,x is !  result (        
exp]im5ts by ,dr4 ,pes* ( ! ,faculty (  
,montpeli]1 :o  himself is "o ( !       
suff]]s f ,x-rays1 & :o has long be5    
seek+ ! means ( protect+ 8 "y confrres4 
,he f\nd t deep r$ rays are antagoni/ic 
to ! ultra-violet  rays :i* produce     
irritation & burn+ ( ! sk91 & c]ta9     
oxidations4 ,?us1 by ! simultane\s      
application ( bo? rays he  secures      
immunity = ,x-ray work]s4 ,he has       
already prov$ t ery!ma  c be prev5t$ by 
! application ( r$ rays4 ,daniel        
,b]!lot1 :o  ann\nc$ ! discov]y to !    
,academy1 recall$ t z long ago z  #ahgb 
! antagonism ( extreme rays ( ! spectrum
 _h be5 =ese5  by ,becqu]el 9 8 /udy (  
phosphoresc5ce4    ,dr4 ,pes* employs a 
filt] compos$ ( a pla/ic mat]ial t all[s
  only ! r$ & yell[ rays to pass4 ,x is 
claim$ t by means (  ?is filt] n only   
are ! ,x-rays made h>mless1 b its       
employm5t  effects a cure =             

radio-d]matitis1 ! affection :i* has    
maim$ or  kill$ s _m ( ! e>ly work]s 9  
,x-ray !rapy4    ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,g4   
,contrem\l9s1 ,*ief ( ! pr9cipal        
laboratory  ( ! ,p>is hospitals1 ^:     
rese>*es & exp]im5ts 7 begun  9         
,febru>y1 #ahif1 ! usual me?ods (       
protection ev5 today are n  always      
adequate4 ,says he 79 ,la ,dmocratie    
,n\velle1 ,p>is1 ,april1  #aiba73       
8,"y radiologi/s1 especially ^? born ( !
 w>1 take no he$  ( ! exp]i5ce acquir$  
by _! eld]s1 be+ q conv9c$  t ! glasses1
 gloves & aprons conta9+ lead (f] a     
p]fect  protection--!y ev5 imag9e t     
/rictly speak+ !y might get  along )\t  
!m4    8,l a *ild :i* hides beh9d a     
wood5 door to %ield itself f  ! bullets 
( a ma*9e gun1 our "y radiologi/s       
believe !y are  safe :5 !y h donn$ _!   
gloves & exam9e _! pati5ts  beh9d a %eet
 ( lead glass4 ,b1 un=tunately1 ^!      
enable !m  only to avoid ^? sup]ficial  
sk9 affections caus$ by ! mo/           
absorbable rays ( ! spectrum4    8,b !y 

receive1 alas1 ^? o!r radiations :i* are
 m  p5etrat+1 & ^! sl[ly produce lesions
 ( all ! ductless  gl&s 9 ! body1 ^:    
int]nal secretions we n[ "k to be ( su* 
vital importance 9 ! bodily economy40   
,! mod]n employm5t ( #bjj1jjj volts "u  
?ree milliamp]es gives  rise to ! ne$ ( 
great caution 9 ! use ( ,x-rays4 ,ev5 ! 
heal? ( p]sons 9 adjo9+ rooms or        
build+s1 ,dr4 ,contrem\l9s  believes may
 be imp]il$4 ,9 ! ,popul> ,sci5ce       
,mon?ly =  ,octob]1 #aiba1 ?is vet]an   
radiologi/ makes "s />tl+  revelations4 
,to quote a few passages3    8,9 ,april1
 #ahif1 five mon?s aft] ! discov]y (    
,x-rays--or ,ro5tg5  rays1 z !y are also
 nam$ 9 honor ( _! discov]]--a pose (   
eight h\rs 0 requir$ = a correct        
radiograph ( a pr(ile head1  ! tube be+ 
plac$ t5 in*es f ! s5sitive plate4      
8,9 ,april1 #aiba1 a simil> image 0     
obta9$ 9 f\r h\rs at a  di/ance ( #ij   
y>ds f ! app>atus4 ,?is means t !       
radiation  ) mod]n app>atus is m ?an    
#bj1jjj times /rong] ?an 0  possible 9  

#ahif4    8,) ! v weak radiation t ,i h 
us$ = my exp]im5ts1  correspond+ to !   
ord9>y radiographic & radioscopic "w1 x 
has  be5 easy = me to obta9 images (    
metallic objects & human bones  plac$ on
 a s5sitive plate #ae feet f ! radiat+  
s\rce1 al?\gh  ! rays pass directly     
?r\gh a slab ( m>ble an in* ?ick1 a %eet
  ( lead "o-t5? ( an in* ?ick1 & a      
floor+ eight in*es deep1  built ( oak   
bo>ds & r\gh pla/]4    8,fifty feet f   
?is same s\rce ,i h be5 able 9 f\r h\rs 
to fog  a photographic plate plac$ beh9d
 a wall ( brick & /one #bj in*es  ?ick4 
,also 9 ! same "t ,i h obta9$ a correct 
radiograph  ( a skull & a crab1 #bfb    
feet f ! ,x-ray ma*9e4 ,all ^!          
exp]im5ts 7 made ) a #ag-;c5timet] sp>k 
& two milliamp]es  ( curr5t4    8,if    
photographic plates are s readily       
affect$ by ^! rays1 we mu/  admit t     
animal cells also are affect$ to an     
appreciable degree4  ,! ,x-rays t are   
be+ us$ to cure a pati5t may at ! same  
"t  inflict radio-d]matitis on o!r      

p]sons expos$ to _! influ5ce 9  adjo9+  
rooms or build+s4 ,no?+ w suffice =     
safety b to  cov] ! walls & floors (    
,x-ray rooms ) %eets ( lead f a  qu>t]  
to half an in* ?ick1 accord+ to ! p[] ( 
! s\rce &  its di/ance f ! l9+4444      
8,biologic reactions f ,x-rays take two 
=ms4 ,! fir/ is a sk9  lesion kn[n z    
radio-d]matitis1 caus$ by ! sk9's       
absorb+ a  l>ge quantity ( radiations4  
,! second results f ! improvem5ts  9    
,x-ray tubes & ! use ( filt]s absorb+ ! 
radiations (  long wave l5g?1 curr5tly  
nam$ #8s(t radiation4' ,?is reaction    
takes place deep b5ea? ! sk9 ^u ! active
 cells t are !  mo/ vuln]able4 ,x is    
pr9cipally ! int]nal secretion gl&s t   
are affect$4 ,among ^? :o cont9ually    
receive ev5 weak doses1  a gradual      
less5+ ( vitality takes place1 lead+    
sl[ly to a  physiological impov]i%m5t t 
inevitably c>ries !m (f soon] or  lat]40
    ,dr4 ,contrem\l9s 0 able to escape  
s]i\s injury up to ! outbreak  ( ! ,_w  
,w>1 b is n[ a victim ( 8 s]vices to    

w\nd$  soldi]s4 ,z a result ( 8 ef=ts--&
 due also1 p>tly1 to suits  br\ght aga9/
 a ,p>is physician by neighbors :o      
alleg$ t _!  heal? _h be5 impair$1      
result+ 7p]haps7 9 two cases ( canc]--a 
?or\gh-go+ inve/igation 0 und]tak5 by ! 
,fr5* ,m9i/ry (  ,hygi5e4    ,dr4       
,decl]e ( ! ,academy ( ,m$ic9e presid$  
ov] a committee :i*  includ$ ,mme4      
,curie1 ,m4 ,becqu]el1 a radiologi/2    
,dr4 ,vaillant & a  numb] ( speciali/s4 
,a lead+ memb] ( ! ,academy said he did 
n believe t ,x-rays m5ac$ p]sons :o did 
n come into direct  contact ) !m4    8,i
 int5d to /udy ! "q by ?ree me?ods10 he 
said4 8,fir/1 we  %all make a purely    
physical exam9ation1 /udy+ ! action ( ! 
rays & 9 :at measure !y ex]t !mselves at
 c]ta9 di/ances4  ,second1 we %all      
exp]im5t ) ! liv+ tissues ( rabbits1    
try+  v>i\s di/ances sev]al h\rs a day &
 not+ ! effect on !  r$ & :ite          
corpuscles & gl&s ( ! animals4 ,!n1 s9ce
 x  is impossible to make su* exp]im5ts 
on human bodies1 we %all  collect data  

bas$ on #be ye>s' exp]i5ce ) ,x-rays to 
see :e!r  physicians 9 close contact h  
be5 burn$40    ,:ile ,x-ray treatm5t _c 
be said to cure a deep-seat$ canc]1  x  
is und\bt$ly be+ giv5 ) highly b5eficial
 results 9 _m  cases1 alleviat+ mu*     
suff]+ & ret>d+ ! gr[? ( malignant      
tissues4    ,z is well kn[n1 tub]culosis
 c advance to a dang]\s /age be=e  x    
exhibits physical symptoms recognizable 
by physicians4 ,! ,x-ray  n only br+s to
 light incipi5t consumption1 b reveals !
 exact  place & ext5t ( ! lesion4 ,any  
abnormalities ( ! alim5t>y  tract1 also1
 may readily be br\ght to view1 z well z
 c]ta9 effects  produc$ on c]ta9        
art]ies1 due to art]io-scl]osis or to   
ang9a  pectoris 7a v pa9ful =m ( he>t   
disease74    ,x has be5 well said t 8!  
li/ ( diseases1 ! pres5ce &  ext5t ( :i*
 are betray$ or confirm$ by ! ,x-ray1   
w\ld fill  pages & w\ld include mo/ ( ! 
enemies to human heal?4 ,among !m  may  
be m5tion$ _m =ms ( tub]culosis1 occult 
abscesses ^:  ramify+ consequ5ces       

physicians 7 once unable to ref] to _!  
s\rce1 tumors1 canc]s1 kidney /ones1    
ga/ric ulc]s1 diseases ( !  he>t40    ,!
 m>tyrdom ( radiologi/s has n be5 9 va94
    ,9 cases ( em]g5cy1 ,x-ray diagnosis
 may n[ be giv5 pati5ts 9  _! own homes4
 ,a surgical ,x-ray outfit t c be c>ri$ 
9 an  ambulance & tak5 to ! b$side ( a  
pati5t too ill = removal  to a hospital 
pass$ a successful trial 9 ,engl&1 ?us  
adapt+ an  em]g5cy w>-"t arrangem5t to  
civilian use4 ,a g5]ator 9 !  ambulance 
op]ates ! tube1 :i* has a special m\nt+ 
t enables  x to be plac$ ov] ! pati5t's 
b$1 & adju/$ = height &  position by    
h&-:eels4 ,! control app>atus is m\nt$  
on a sep>ate  /&1 & connect$ ) !        
ambulance outside by a cable w\nd on a  
reel4 ,provision is made = develop+ !   
expos$ plates at once1 s  t a diagnosis 
c be made 9 a few m9utes4               
,,*apt] ,,iv    ,,discov]y ,,& ,,nature 
,,( ,x-,,rays      ,9 ,m>*1 #aibc1 !re  
pass$ f ?is _w "o ( ! mo/ beautiful     
exempl>s ( ! true sci5tific _s t e>? has

 ev] se5--,dr4  ,william ,conrad        
,ro5tg51 ,f4,r4,s41 ,pr(essor (         
,exp]im5tal ,physics 9  ! ,univ]sity (  
,muni*1 ! discov]] ( ,x- or ,ro5tg5     
,rays4    ,born at ,l5nep1 on ,m>* #bg1 
#ahde1 ,pr(essor ,ro5tg5 fill$ a numb]  
( important po/s be=e 8 dea? 9 #aibc1 9 
:i* ye> he 0  aw>d$ ! ,nobel ,prize 9   
,physics--an aw>d :i* br\ght ) x a  gift
 ( #dj1jjj4 ,al?\gh suff]+ f ! pov]ty   
:i* result$ 9  ,g]many z an aft]ma? ( ! 
,_w ,w>1 ,pr(essor ,ro5tg5 refus$ to    
utilize ! ,nobel ,prize aw>d = 8 own    
p]sonal uses4 ,he gave !  entire sum to 
a rese>* society to enable o!r /ud5ts to
 c>ry on  _! inve/igations4    ,:ile    
occupy+ ! *air ( ,pr(essor ( ,physics & 
,director ( !  ,physical ,in/itute at   
,wrzburg1 ,dr4 ,ro5tg5 made !           
discov]y--9  #ahie--;= :i* 8 "n is      
*iefly kn[n--?\gh 8 rese>*es l$ to      
important advances 9 sev]al o!r         
dep>tm5ts ( physics4    ,:ile exp]im5t+ 
) a highly exhau/$ vacuum tube on !     
conductivity ( electricity ?r\gh gases1 

,dr4 ,ro5tg5 notic$ t  a pap] scre5     
cov]$ ) potassium plat9ocyanide--a      
phosphoresc5t  sub/ance--:i* *anc$ to be
 ly+ ne>by1 became fluoresc5t "u  action
 ( "s radiation emitt$ f ! tube1 :i* at 
! "t  0 enclos$ 9 a box ( black c>dbo>d4
 ,pr(essor ,ro5tg5 !n  f\nd1 by         
exp]im5t1 t ?is h]et(ore unkn[n         
radiation _h !  p[] to pass ?r\gh v>i\s 
sub/ances :i* are imp5etrable to  ord9>y
 light-rays4 ,he f\nd t if a ?ick piece 
( metal--a co91  = example1--7 plac$    
betwe5 ! tube & a plate cov]$ ) !       
phosphoresc5t sub/ances1 a %>p %ad[ 0   
ca/ ^u ! plate4 ,on  ! o!r h&1 ?9 plates
 ( alum9um & pieces ( wood ca/ only     
p>tial %ad[s4    ,?us 0 x demon/rat$ t !
 rays :i* produc$ !  phosphoresc5ce on !
 glass ( ! vacuum tube c\ld p5etrate    
bodies  q opaque to ord9>y light-rays4  
,l ord9>y light1 ^! rays  affect$ a     
photographic plate2 b ow+ to _! peculi> 
behavior 9  reg>d to reflection &       
refraction1 ,ro5tg5 0 l$ to put =w>d  ! 
hypo!sis t ! rays 7 due to longitud9al1 

r ?an  to transv]se waves 9 ! 8e!r40 ,!y
 w ionize gases1 b  !y _c be reflect$1  
pol>iz$ or deflect$ by a magnetic or    
electric field1 z are ord9>y light-rays4
 7,x has be5 %[n t !  scatt]$ second>y  
rays %[ pol>ization47    ,be+ 9 d\bt z  
to ! real nature ( ^! p5etrat+ rays1    
,ro5tg5 call$ !m 8,x-rays40    ,9 #ahif 
,pr(essor ,ro5tg5 0 ! recipi5t ( !      
,rum=d ,m$al (  ! ,royal ,society4 ,?is 
honor 0 %>$ by 8 compatriot ,philipp    
,l5>d4 ,l5>d 0 ! discov]] ( ! rays      
emanat+ f ! out]  surface ( a plate     
compos$ ( 7any7 mat]ial p]meable by     
ca?ode  rays4 ,by imp++ on solids1 !    
ca?ode rays 7negative electrons7  g5]ate
 ,x-rays4 8,l5>d rays10 :i* are simil> 9
 all _! kn[n  prop]ties to ca?ode rays  
project$ f ! ca?ode ( a vacuum tube1  d 
n emanate f ! ca?ode4 7,unlike !        
,x-rays1 ca?ode rays may  be deflect$ f 
_! natural c\rse along 8/raight l9es0 by
 !  application ( a magnetic or electric
 field47 ,pr(essor ,l5>d1 z also  ,h]tz1
 discov]] ( ! n[ well-kn[n 8wireless    

waves10 _h already  demon/rat$ t a      
portion ( ! ca?ode rays c\ld pass ?r\gh 
a  ?9 film ( a metal su* z alum9um4     
,:5 ,ro5tg5 rays 7,x-rays7 are all[$ to 
fall ^u any sub/ance1 !  matt] emits    
ca?odic 7or second>y ,ro5tg57 rays4 8,! 
*>act]i/ic  second>y radiation may be   
comp>$ ) ! phosphoresc5ce produc$  by   
ultra-violet light1 & ! ca?odic second>y
 rays ) !  photoelectric effect0 7,sir  
,j4 ,j4 ,?omson74#b    ,! p5etrat+ p[]  
78h>dness07 ( ^! rays appe>s to be      
det]m9$ solely by ! nature ( ! elem5ts 9
 ! emitt+  sub/ance4 ,! velocity ( !    
ca?odic 7or second>y ,ro5tg57 rays      
seems to be q indep5d5t ( ! matt] expos$
 to ! prim>y  rays1 b increases z !     
h>dness 7p5etrat+ p[]7 ( ! prim>y       
,ro5tg5 rays increases4    ,! "* ( !    
emitt$ rays1 9 brief1 appe>s to be q    
unaffect$ by ! *emical or physical      
condition ( ! elem5t4  ,r$-hot iron1 =  
example1 exhibits ! same *>act]i/ic     
,ro5tg5  radiation z iron at room       
temp]ature4 ,b ! p5etrat+ p[]  7h>dness7

 ( ?is *>act]i/ic 7emitt+7 radiation    
increases  gradually & cont9u\sly )     
increas+ atomic weight ( !  emitt+      
elem5ts4 ,! complete indep5d5ce ( !     
p5etrat+ p[]  ( ! *>act]i/ic ,ro5tg5    
radiation f ext]nal surr\nd+s  indicates
 /rongly t x is closely connect$ ) !    
nature ( !  nuclei 78cores07 ( ! atoms  
giv+ rise to x4      ,,footnotes3    #b 
,:5 ultra-violet light is all[$ to fall 
^u a metal x causes  ! metal to emit    
electrons & ?us to acquire a positive   
*>ge1 !  velocity ( ! emitt$ electrons  
be+ exactly proportional to !  frequ5cy 
( ! incid5t light4 ,or :5 light ( ,x-ray
 type falls  ^u ! surface ( almo/ any   
sub/ance1 x takes hold ( an electron  9 
! atoms ( t surface & hurls x out into  
space ) a spe$  exactly proportional to 
! wave l5g? ( ! light4 ,?is ph5om5on  is
 kn[n z ! photoelectric effect4         
,,*apt] ,v    ,,ultra-,,violet ,,light  
,,9 ,,heal? ,,& ,,disease      ,t bo? ! 
comp\nd rays ( ord9>y sunlight &        
ultra-violet rays  78artificial         

sunlight07 are highly effective 9 !     
treatm5t ( a  numb] ( compla9ts is n[   
well kn[n4 ,!y are bo? 9 g5]al use  = ! 
ext]nal treatm5t ( rickets1 tub]culosis1
 & a numb] (  o!r diseases4 ,light-rays 
are also appli$ to ha/5 ! heal+ (       
w\nds4    ,! use ( ! sun z a heal+ ag5t 
seems fir/ to h be5  develop$ 9 a       
sci5tific way by ,dr4 ,neils ,r4 ,f9s51 
a "y ,dani%  physician :o 0 lat] aw>d$ !
 ,nobel ,prize 9 ,m$ic9e4 ,8  orig9al   
rese>*es 7 und]tak5 t[>d ! end ( ! #ai? 
c5tury4  ,!n ,dr4 ,rolli] op5$ ! fir/   
sunlight cl9ic 9 #aijc1 & 9 #aiaj       
e/abli%$ 8 s*ool at ,leys91 9 ! ,alps4  
,dr4 ,rolli] is n[  treat+ ab\t #a1jjj  
pati5ts1 mo/ly afflict$ ) v>i\s =ms (   
tub]culosis ( ! bone4 ,! sun cure is    
also us$ to "s ext5t =  pulmon>y        
tub]culosis1 & ) consid]able success4   
7,see my ,man's  ,debt to ! ,sun1       
,little ,blue ,book ,no4 #hjh1 ,*apt]   
,,iv47    ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,rolli]1     
exposure ( ! diseas$ to ! sun's rays is 
efficaci\s 9 ! treatm5t ( anemia1       

malnutrition1 bone & gl&  infections &  
v>i\s types ( tub]culosis1 & is a body  
build] =  convalesc5ts4 ,on ! outskirts 
( ,san ,rafael1 ,cali=nia1 is a novel   
sun sanit>ium1 ,helios ,sanit>ium1      
model$ aft] ! ,alp9e sanit>ia  ( ,dr4   
,rolli]4    ,two inve/igators h rec5tly 
/udi$ ! comp>ative g]m-de/roy+  p[] ( ! 
blood 9 heal?y & ill p]sons1 be=e & aft]
  exposure to sunlight4 ,x 0 f\nd t !   
g]m-kill+ p[] ( !  blood 0 increas$ :5 !
 sun ba? la/$ = a c]ta9 l5g? (  "t4 ,x 0
 %[n t too long or too %ort an exposure 
decreas$ !  blood's p[]4 ,x 0 decreas$  
also 9 pati5ts :o _h fev]4 ,sev]al  o!r 
conditions 7 f\nd to influ5ce ! results4
 ,physicians  believe t sev]al po9ts (  
practical value may em]ge f ^!          
exp]im5ts4 ,"o important & useful result
 is t !y (f] a new  me?od to guide &    
gauge ! effects ( treatm5t 9 tub]culosis
 &  o!r diseases4    ,! practice (      
,x-ray treatm5t 7s9ce #aiaj includ$ "u !
 m  g5]al t]m radio!rapy7 includes      
treatm5t n only by ,x-rays1  b also by  

all k9ds ( rays--treatm5t by heat1 by ! 
sun's rays1 by  ultra-violet rays1 & ev5
 by violet rays4 ,! rays ( radioactive  
sub/ances us$ 9 m$ic9e come "u !        
etymological t]m (  radio!rapy4 ,b 9    
g5]al practice1 among/ radiologi/s1 !   
t]m  is appli$ to treatm5t by ,x-rays   
alone4 ,nev]!less1 x is n[ well         
e/abli%$ t ! ultra-violet rays are n    
only bact]icidal1 b  t !y also play an  
important role 9 ! treatm5t ( c]ta9     
diseases1 & 9 ! ma9t5ance ( good heal?4 
,on ! o!r h&1  ^! rays produce a c]ta9  
irritability among p]sons ( ! :ite  race
 9 ! tropics1 :i* _c be reg>d$ z        
heal?ful 9 _!  g5]al effects4    ,s9ce !
 am\nt ( ultra-violet light com+ f ! sun
 has be5  %[n by ,abbott to be v>iable1 
x may be t "s ( ! irritability  :i*     
seems to be g5]al among ! inmates ( our 
public in/itutions  on c]ta9 days is due
 to ?is *ange 9 ! sun's outp\r (        
ultra-violet radiation4 ,z ,dr4 ,e4 ,e4 
,free rem>k$ n long ago3    8,put ^!    
facts toge!r4 ,ultra-violet rays affect 

life4 ,! am\nt (  ultra-violet com+ f ! 
sun is v>iable4 ,does ?is mean t "s  ( !
 obscure1 day by day v>iations ( heal? c
 be due to ?is8  ,"s days ev]ybody seems
 happy & *e]ful4 ,o!r days ev]ybody  is 
depress$4 ,/ill o!r days are bre$]s (   
#8n]ves4' ,maybe !  ultra-violet does x4
 ,maybe n4 ,d\btless ! inve/igators w   
f9d  out pres5tly40    ,rec5t exp]im5ts 
at ! ,ma9e ,agricultural ,exp]im5t      
,/ation1  conduct$ "u ! direction ( ,dr4
 ,john ,w4 ,g[51 h l$ to !  important   
discov]y t milk f c[s t h be5 treat$ )  
ultra-violet light1 f m]cury-vapor qu>tz
 lamps1 conta9s a mu*  l>g] am\nt ( !   
sub/ance--presumably a vitam9e1 or      
vitam9es--t  prev5ts rickets 9 *ildr5 & 
"y animals4 ,at any rate1 x 0  f\nd t ! 
milk f c[s depriv$ ( sunlight &         
ultra-violet  light 0 q defici5t 9 !    
anti-ra*itic factor4 ,animals &  birds  
f$ on ! sunless milk uni=mly develop$   
rickets4    ,! ,hol/e9-,friesian c[s us$
 9 ! exp]im5ts 7 ( ne>ly !  same age &  
calv+ date & all receiv$ l treatm5t z to

 fe$1  temp]ature1 etc41 & /ood side by 
side 9 ! same b>n4 8,?r\gh\t  !         
treatm5t10 says ,dr4 ,g[51 8^! c[s did n
 leave ! b>n4 ,=  "o mon? none ( ! c[s  
receiv$ ultra-violet light4 ,= ! second 
mon? two c[s receiv$ ultra-violet light 
#ae m9utes a day1 g5]at$  f a           
,coop]-,hewitt alt]nat+ curr5t light at 
?ree feet above  _! backs4 ,= ! ?ird    
mon? ^! c[s receiv$ ultra-violet  light 
= #cj m9utes a day "u ! same conditions4
 ,9 ! meantime  ,rhode ,isl& ,r$ *ick5s 
7 all[$ to develop rickets1 %[n bo?     
cl9ically & by ,x-ray photographs4 ,!y 7
 divid$ into two lots1  "o lot ( ^!     
*ick5s receiv+ milk f ! ultra-violet    
c[s1  ! o!r ( two lots ( *ick5s1 milk f 
! control c[s4 ,bo?  lots receiv$ all ! 
milk !y wi%$4     ,! *ick5s h n[ be5 "u 
treatm5t #ej days4 ,! lot receiv+   milk
 f c[s expos$ to ultra-violet light are 
9 good condition   ) no appe>ance (     
rickets 9 ,x-ray plates4 ,! lot receiv+ 
normal milk has mov$ progressively t[>d 
m extreme cl9ical   & ,x-ray rickets4 ,!

 exp]im5t 0 repeat$1 us+ ! milk f   ^!  
same c[s on ,:ite ,leghorn *ick5s %[+   
cl9ical & ,x-ray   rickets4 ,five *ick5s
 7 9 ea* lot4 ,aft] #ch days' treatm5t  
f\r   ( ! lot receiv+ milk f !          
ultra-violet c[s are almo/ cur$   (     
rickets1 %[+ only a v slight /iffness4  
,! fif? *ick5   %[s "s /iffness4 ,f\r ( 
! lot receiv+ ! normal milk %[          
con/antly increas+ symptoms ( ! m       
advanc$ /ages ( cl9ical   rickets4      
,^! results po9t to ! conclusion t m ( !
 sub/ance   necess>y to cure rickets is 
absorb$ by ! c[ expos$ to   ultra-violet
 light & secret$ by h] 9 h] milk4 ,! c[s
   prev5t$ f receiv+ ultra-violet light 
are n able to secrete   ?is anti-ra*itic
 sub/ance 9 suffici5t quantities to cure
 or   allay ! process ( cl9ical rickets4
 ,! results ?us po9t to an              
environm5tal factor transmitt$ by ! c[  
to h] (fspr+ ?r\gh   ! m$ium ( h] milk4 
,!y fur!r sugge/ t ! high incid5ce   (  
rickets 9 *ildr5 dur+ ! late w9t] mon?s 
is due to _!   mo!rs n receiv+          

ultra-violet light ei!r dur+ pregnancy  
or   :ile 9 lactation4 ,fur!rmore1 x    
w\ld appe> t c[s' milk   produc$        
especially = baby-fe$+ %\ld be f c[s :i*
 h   access to ultra-violet light ei!r f
 ! sun or f "s o!r   s\rce4    ,dr4 ,c4 
,c4 ,little ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ma9e1 & 8 
associates1 fully  demon/rat$ ! value ( 
sunlight to animal life ?r\gh exp]im5ts 
on a flock ( #bcc *icks4 ,! *icks 7     
divid$ into ?ree gr\ps &  all 7 giv5 !  
same diet4 ,"o gr\p 0 kept 9 natural    
sunlight1  ! second 0 kept 9 sunlight t 
w5t ?r\gh w9d[ glass1 &  ! ?ird 0 giv5  
bo? natural sunlight & extra            
ultra-violet rays  produc$ artificially4
 ,! la/ class grew ! be/4 ,! class t got
  only natural sunlight grew normally4  
,! class kept beh9d w9d[ glass  all     
develop$ bone disease4 ,! glass ( !     
gre5h\se all[$ !  light ( ! sun & ! heat
 ( infra-r$ rays to get ?r\gh4 ,b x     
scre5$ out ! ultra-violet waves4    ,!  
b5efic5t effects ( invisible            
ultra-violet rays are se5 9  bo? !      

organism expos$ to !m & ! food consum$4 
,?is is true  :e!r ! rays come direct f 
! sun or by means ( a qu>tz lamp4       
,ord9>y glass lamps prev5t !            
ultra-violet rays f pass+ out4  ,b n all
 k9ds ( food/uffs by any means are      
favorably affect$ by  ! rays4 ,only ^?  
foods :i* conta9 fat seem to be         
mat]ially  improv$4 ,! value ( milk & ( 
cod liv] oil is greatly enhanc$ by      
exposure to ! rays4 ,dr4 ,b5jam9 ,kram] 
has be5 highly successful 9  treat+     
babies affect$ ) rickets by subject+    
milk itself to !  action ( ultra-violet 
light4#c    ,z e>ly z #aibc1 x _h be5   
%[n by fe$+ exp]im5ts )  v>i\s types (  
animals at ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 t   
sunlight  0 act+ ei!r directly ^u !     
animal or ^u its food4 ,!  same diet>y 0
 f\nd to produce contradictory results4 
,x 0  e/abli%$--especially by ,h4       
,/e5bock & ,e4 ,b4 ,h>t--t sunlight is  
indisp5sable to man & bea/1 9 t x is !  
det]m9ant ( !  effici5cy ) :i* calcium c
 be assimilat$ & reta9$4 7,see  _!      

report1 ,j\rnal ( ,biological ,*emi/ry1 
,vol4 #fb1 page #egg1  #aibe47 ,calcium1
 x is po9t$ out1 ne$s to be cons]v$     
because 9  proportion to ! body ne$s x  
is n f\nd abundantly 9 foods &  fe$s4   
,/e5bock & ,h>t tell u t sunlight plays 
! p>ticul>  rle ( cons]vator 8by virtue 
( its cont5t ( ultra-violet  radiations 
( approximately #bej to #cjb            
millimicrons 9 wave-l5g?1  b un=tunately
 ^! are n pres5t 9 suffici5t degree to  
provide  a wide m>g9 ( safety = !       
animal4 ,z a result we h rickets  9 ! "y
 & poor d5tition1 re/rict$ lactation1   
abortion &  impov]i%m5t ( ! skeleton 9  
lime to a dang]\s ext5t 9 !  adult4444  
,! ultra-violet rays br+ _! effect ?r\gh
 ! m$ium  ( c]ta9 comp\nds widely       
di/ribut$ 9 plant & animal tissue1 s  t 
practically any food/uff c be           
#8anti-ra*itically' activat$4  #8,make  
hay :ile ! sun %9es' is m ?an a m]e     
poetic slogan1  = hay made 9 ! d>k is   
devoid ( rickets-prev5t+ prop]ties0     
7,sci5ce1 ,decemb] #d1 #aibe74    ,!    

c>eful exp]im5ts ( ,j4 ,s4 ,hughes %[$ t
 *ick5s receiv+  a /&>d scrat* fe$ &    
ma%1 supplem5t$ ) spr\t$ oats &         
butt]milk1 develop$ rickets 7weak legs7 
:5 depriv$ ( direct  sunlight4 ,*icks   
receiv+ ! same fe$ b giv5 sun ba?s      
develop$  normally1 al?\gh !y 7 conf9$ 9
 a v small p51 ) little  opportunity to 
ex]cise4 ,light f ord9>y electric bulbs 
_h v  little1 if any1 b5eficial action4 
,light f ! ,h]eus m]cury arc  lamp 0 v  
b5eficial4 ,cod liv] oil also prov$ to  
be effective 9  prev5t+ rickets 9 *ick5s
 z 9 mammals4#d    ,t su* fats z olive  
oil & l>d may be activat$ by exposure   
to ultra-violet rays & us$ z a sub/itute
 = cod liv] oil 9  ! treatm5t ( rickets 
is evid5c$ by exp]im5ts report$ by !    
,dep>tm5t ( ,agricultural ,*emi/ry ( !  
,univ]sity ( ,wiscons94  ,9 ! s]ies (   
exp]im5ts n[ publi%$1 olive oil & l>d 7 
expos$ to ! action ( ! ultra-violet rays
 f a p[]ful  m]cury-vapor qu>tz lamp1 = 
p]iods ( "t rang+ f half an  h\r to #ag 
h\rs4    ,aft] exposure to ! rays ^!    

fats 7 f$ to a gr\p (  exp]im5tal rats 9
 :i* rickets _h be5 produc$1 & !        
activat$  olive oil & l>d 7 f\nd to h ! 
same b5eficial results  t foll[ !       
adm9i/ration ( cod liv] oil4 ,! weight (
 !  rats increas$ & an analysis ( !     
bones %[$ an increase 9 !  calcium      
cont5t4    ,"s ( ! activat$ olive oil1  
:i* _h be5 /or$ 9 a /opp]$  bottle1 %[$ 
no *ange 9 pot5cy t5 mon?s lat]4 ,x 0   
f\nd  also t ! fats might be activat$ by
 ! rays f ! op5 c>bon  arc1 ! iron arc1 
& sunlight2 b t exposure = su* prolong$ 
p]iods z #ag h\rs de/roy$ _! pot5cy4    
,?is de/ruction took  place ev5 on cod  
liv] oil4#e    ,x has long be5 kn[n t   
human tissue is m actively *ang$ by     
light :5 x has be5 8s5sitiz$40 ,qu99e1  
escul91 fluoresce9e1  etc41 are examples
 ( tissue s5sitiz]s1 9 addition to _!   
o!r effects4 ,! mo/ p[]ful ( all kn[n   
s5sitiz]s is  haemato-porphyr9--or      
simply 8porphyr940 ,?is s5sitiz] is a   
purple  sub/ance closely alli$ to !     
haemoglob9 t gives blood its r$  color4 

,subtract+ its iron & album9 f          
haemoglob9 by appropriate  *emical      
processes leaves porphyr94 ,?is sub/ance
 reacts /rongly to  ! ultra-violet rays1
 9 r>e cases caus+ a disease :i* turns !
  tee? to a deep purple hue4 ,victims ( 
?is uncommon ailm5t h to  we> gloves    
con/antly1 & :5 go+ out ( doors dur+ !  
day "t  mu/ put on heavy veils4#f       
,porphyr9 is capable ( dissolv+ ! r$    
corpuscles ( ! mo/ dissimil> animals 9 !
 pres5ce ( sunlight4  ,b nei!r !        
haemato-porphyr9 nor ! light alone is   
capable (  injur+ ! animals4 ,only !    
comb9$ effect ( ! two c h>m  !m4 ,a     
physician exp]im5tally inject$ an       
exce$+ly m9ute  quantity into himself & 
!n expos$ himself to a mod]ate light1 & 
became v ill4    ,hausmann f\nd t ev5 ! 
diffus$ sunlight ( an e>ly spr+  day 9  
,vi5na 0 suffici5t to cause ! dea? (    
:ite mice :i*  _h be5 subject$ to small 
quantities ( ?is /range sub/ance4  ,dr4 
,e4 ,c4 ,van ,le]sum1 ( ,holl&1 prov$ by
 exp]im5ts ) rats  t ! utilization (    

lime by our bodies c be controll$ almo/ 
at w by ?is 8s5sitization0 process4     
,rickets1 or a condition  indi/+ui%able 
f rickets1 c be produc$ or cur$ by prop]
  control ( ! s5sitization4             
,,sunlight ,,& ,,infantile ,,p>alysis   
,an article by ,sci5ce ,s]vice1 quot$ 9 
,sci5ce1 ,septemb] #aa1 #aibe1  says3   
,ano!r ( ! dread$ diseases ( *ildhood1  
infantile p>alysis1   :i*1 l rickets1   
graduates l>ge quotas ( cripples1 has   
respond$   to ! good influ5ce ( ! sun's 
rays4 ,dr4 ,g4 ,murray ,levick1 m$ical  
director ( ! ,h]itage ,craft ,s*ools at 
,*ailey1 ,sussex 7,engl&71   :o orig9at$
 ! treatm5t1 said t no o!r me?od has ev]
 _h   z good results z ?is 9 ! treatm5t 
( infantile p>alysis4     ,dr4 ,levick  
fir/ d$uc$ t neura/h5ia 9 gr[n-ups &    
rickets   9 ! "y are due to ! same      
cause4 ,bo? ^! diseases1 he   claims1   
are nutritional di/urbances ( ! n]ve    
c5t]s affect+   ! bones 9 ! "y1 & !     
n]v\s sy/ems 9 ! old4 ,! action   (     
sunlight on ! sk9 =ms a sub/ance :i* is 

c>ri$ into !   blood & fe$s ! n]ve c5t]s
 z well z ! bones4 ,8 success 9   treat+
 neura/h5ia ) sun's rays l$ him to apply
 x to cases (   infantile p>alysis1 a   
disease :i* is a sev]e %ock to ! n]v\s  
sy/em & :i* results 9 muscul> atrophy4  
,"u ! action (   sunlight a r5utrition (
 n]ve c5t]s takes place4     ,syn!tic   
sunlight produc$ by him ) an electric   
arc light ( 8   own inv5tion prov$ z    
good z natural sunlight1 & c\ld be bett]
   regulat$ to ! pati5t's endurance4 ,he
 us$ two di/9ct k9ds (   light-rays1 !  
%ort ultra-violet rays = n]ve nutrition1
 & !   long r$ & infra-r$ rays = muscle 
treatm5t4 ,r$ rays1 z c   be se5 :5 ! h&
 is held up aga9/ ! sunlight1 p5etrate  
! fle% to a consid]able ext5t1 & c !re=e
 /imulate !   sleep+ muscle4     ,dr4   
,levick w>ns t imm$iate success mu/ n be
 expect$4 ,he has   f\nd con/ant        
improvem5t :]e %ort daily treatm5ts 7   
cont9u$   ov] a p]iod ( sev]al ye>s4    
,:ile ! me?od may n be effective   9    
extreme cases1 x is nev]!less a te/ :i* 

w soon %[ aft]   a few treatm5ts :e!r   
any rejuv5ation ( ! n]ve fib] is tak+   
place4    ,x is n[ admitt$ t ! 7r$7     
heat-waves may play "s "p 9             
helio!rapy--exposure to direct sunlight 
= m$ical purposes4 ,dr4  ,laz>us-,b>l[1 
,pr(essor ( ,exp]im5tal ,pa?ology 9 !   
,univ]sity  ( ,london1 concludes t ev5  
?\gh heat-rays may also play "s  "p 9   
curative processes1 8exp]i5ce ( !       
treatm5t ( w\nds by  sunlight 9 ,france 
dur+ ! ,_w ,w> indicat$ t a degree (    
b5efit arises f exposure to sunlight :i*
 _c be attributable  to w>m? &          
ultra-violet rays4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 !    
,f9s5 light  treatm5t ( lupus 7a        
tub]cul> affection ( ! sk9 ( ! face1    
occurr+ 9 sev]al =ms7 & 9 ! treatm5t (  
tub]culosis at  high altitudes1         
ultra-violet rays play a pr$om9ant "p40 
,z ! ultra-violet rays p5etrate b a     
fraction ( a millimet] into  ! epi!lium1
 8x is unc]ta9 h[ ! rays act40 ,!       
sugge/ion is  "h v5tur$ t s9ce ! rec5tly
 discov]$ ,millikan ,rays are           

p>ticul>ly p[]ful "u ! same conditions t
 make application  ( ! ultra-violet rays
 practicable z a !rapeutic ag5cy1 x may 
lat] be f\nd t ^! highly p5etrat+ rays1 
( exce$+ly %ort  wave l5g?1 aid greatly 
9 effect+ "s ( ! cures n[ attribut$     
:olly to ! long] 7& less p5etrat+7      
ultra-violet rays or !  mu* %ort]       
,x-rays4#g    ,pr(essor ,laz>us-,b>l[   
calls att5tion to ! fact t x is         
precisely ^? tub]cul> p]sons :o tan     
easily :o are said to  d]ive ! greate/  
b5efit f a soj\rn at high altitude4     
,v rem>kable is a rec5tly adopt$ ma*9e  
:i* 8p\rs ultra-violet  light ?r\gh a   
funnel d[n ! ?roat ( a pati5t40 ,! new  
app>atus1 fir/ us$ 9 ,london1 is employ$
 = treatm5t ( v>i\s  m\? & ?roat        
diseases1 8?us mak+ x possible = pati5ts
 to  take int]nal ba?s ( artificial     
sunlight0 7,sci5ce1 ,febru>y #bf1       
#aibf74    ,9 ,engl&1 :]e ! sky is s (t5
 ov]cl\d$1 x is natural t  mu* att5tion 
has be5 giv5 to ultra-violet ray !rapy4 
,a rec5t  press dispat* tells u3        

8,london rec5tly _h #bc consecutive days
 on :i* no beam ( ! sun  c\ld =ce its   
way ?r\gh ! mantle ( cl\d & fog :i*     
spread  ov] t section ( ,engl&4 ,n[ !   
,britons are mak+ artificial  suns t may
 be available = bo? indoor & outdoor    
illum9ation4  ,arc lights ?r[+ p[]ful   
ultra-violet rays are be+ in/all$ 9     
beauty %ops & hotels1 & patrons are giv5
 opportunity to ba!  _! bodies 9 ?is    
brilliance4 ,^! rays are be+ bill$ z m  
pot5t ?an sun ba?s1 & citiz5s :o h small
 *ance to see !  orb ( day get _! sun%9e
 & _! m$ic9e at "o swoop40    ,two      
,indian sci5ti/s1 ,s4 ,s4 ,bhatnag> &   
,r4 ,b4 ,lal1 ( ! ,univ]sity  ( !       
,punjab1 ,lahore1 discov]$ 9 #aibe t    
g]ms gr[ fa/]  :5 expos$ to 8pol>iz$0   
light ?an to ord9>y light4 7,ord9>y     
light--accord+ to ! undulatory !ory--is 
due to vibrations  transv]se to !       
direction ( ! ray1 b v>y+ s rapidly z   
to %[ no p>ticul> direction ( _! own1 ! 
fronts ( !  light-waves crisscross+ at  
all angles4 ,:51 by any means1 ^!       

vibrations are giv5 a def9ite direction1
 ! light is said to be  pol>iz$1 !      
fronts ( ! waves be+ all arrang$ 9 !    
same  direction1 ?\gh ! pa? ( ! rays may
 be plane1 elliptical1  circul>1 or     
rot>y1 accord+ to ! me?od ( pol>ization 
employ$47    ,! ,indian exp]im5t]s took 
cultures ( ! g]ms ( typhoid fev]  &     
*ol]a1 & expos$ "o set to ord9>y light1 
& ano!r to a  beam ( pol>iz$ light4 ,!  
latt] multipli$ mu* fa/] ?an did !  g]ms
 "u ord9>y light4    ,x 0 demon/rat$ 9  
#aibe by ,dr4 ,elizabe? ,s4 ,semm5s1 (  
,b$=d  ,college1 ,london1 t ! dige/ion (
 />* takes place m readily  "u pol>iz$  
light ?an 9 ord9>y light4    ,prolong$  
exposure to ! ultra-violet rays w de/roy
 any g]ms  kn[n to sci5ce4 7,ca?ode     
rays--:i* are %ort] ?an ultra-violet    
rays--w kill n only g]ms1 b insects z   
well1 by means ( a  device develop$ by  
,pr(4 ,w4 ,d4 ,coolidge47    8,bact]ia10
 says ,dr4 ,coolidge1 8h be5 ray$1 & an 
exposure (  a t5? ( a second has be5    
f\nd suffici5t to kill ev5 highly       

resi/ant bact]ial spores4 ,fruit flies1 
^u be+ ray$ = a small  fraction ( a     
second1 in/antly %[$ almo/ complete     
collapse1 & 9  a few h\rs 7 dead40      
,?is may lead to ! application ( ca?ode 
rays z a g]micide1 b  _! effect on high]
 =ms ( life %[s t _! unskill$ use  w\ld 
be mo/ dang]\s4 ,= example1 ,dr4        
,coolidge relates3    8,! e> ( a rabbit 
0 ray$ ov] a circul> area "o c5timet]  9
 diamet] = "o second4 ,aft] sev]al days 
a scab =m$ :i*  fell (f a few days lat]1
 tak+ ! hair ) x4 ,two weeks lat] a     
pr(use gr[? ( sn[-:ite hair />t$ :i*    
soon became mu* long]  ?an ! orig9al    
gray hair4 ,ano!r area 0 ray$ = #ej     
seconds4 ,9  ?is case1 scabs develop$ on
 bo? sides ( ! e>1 :i* scabs lat]  fell 
out1 leav+ a hole4 ,! edge ( ?is hole is
 n[ cov]$ )  sn[-:ite hair40    ,a v    
int]e/+ problem to sci5ti/s relates to !
 "q z  to :e!r or n insects are         
color-bl9d4 ,x may be t we n[ h  at lea/
 a p>tial answ] to ?is vex$ "q1 & 9 t]ms
 (  ultra-violet radiations4    ,dr4    

,frank ,e4 ,e4 ,g]mann1 ( ,cornell      
,univ]sity1 calls att5tion to "s  rec5t 
exp]im5ts :i* %[ conclusively t at lea/ 
"o k9d (  insects 7flies7 h a range (   
vision 9 ! ultra-violet1 j z  we h 9 !  
visible spectrum4 ,x 0 also made        
8p]fectly evid5t  t fl[]s d h _!        
*>act]i/ic ultra-violet radiations0     
7,sci5ce1 ,m>* #bf1 #aibf1 page #cbe74  
,x is due 8to our own egotism  t we call
 ! insect color-bl9d40    ,a giv5 type (
 insect might 9 reality be visit+ fl[]s 
( !  same color z f> z x 0 conc]n$1 :ile
 to u x appe>$ to  be visit+ fl[]s ( all
 colors4 8,might n two fl[]s1 "o r$  &  
"o blue1 bo? give out ! same gr\p ( wave
 l5g?s 9 !  ultra-violet1 & ?us be      
id5tical 9 color to an insect see+ only 
! ultra-violet8 ,moreov]1 :at is to     
prev5t two diff]5t k9ds (  r$ fl[]s f   
giv+ out two entirely diff]5t sets (    
wave l5g?s  9 ! ultra-violet1 & ?us     
appe>+ to h entirely diff]5t  colors to 
an insect80    ,9 a v real s5se1 sci5ce 
is only at ! beg9n+ ( !  discov]ies x w 

yet make 9 its inve/igations ( ! nature 
&  action ( ultra-violet1 ca?ode &      
,x-rays4      ,,footnotes3    #c ,x is  
int]e/+ to note 9 ?is connection t      
,kuzelmass &  ,mc,quarrie h sugge/$ t   
oxidation ( cod liv] oil gives rise to  
ultra-violet radiation4 7,see ,sci5ce1  
,septemb] #ai1 #aibd47    #d ,pap] read 
be=e ! #ff? meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,*emical 
,society1 held 9 ,milwaukee1 ,wis41     
,septemb] #aj? to #ad?1 #aibc4    #e    
,dr4 ,h>riette ,*ick & h] co-work]s ( ! 
,vi5na ,univ]sity  ,*ild ,cl9ic         
discov]$1 fir/1 t ! action ( cod liv]   
oil on  ! bone-lesions ( rickets has an 
exact p>allel 9 t ( !  ultra-violet rays
 ( sunlight1 or ( ! rays f a            
m]cury-vapor  qu>tz lamp2 &1 second1 t !
 oil & ! rays 7 effective  sub/itutes ! 
"o = ! o!r4 ,see my ,man's ,debt to !   
,sun1  ,little ,blue ,book ,no4 #hjh1   
page #di4    #f ,! only creature t has  
porphyr9 z "p ( its normal  body-cov]+  
is a tropical bird call$ ! t\raco1 p>ts 
( ^:  fea!rs are dy$ a brilliant r$ by a

 porphyr9-copp] comp\nd kn[n  z turac94 
,?is pigm5t is rem>kable also because x 
seems to be !  only normal occurr5ce (  
copp] z a color+ comp\nd 9 fea!rs or    
sk94 ,turac9 is soluble 9 weak alkali1 s
 t :5 x ra9s & !  bird comes into       
contact ) su* alkal9e solutes z         
frequ5tly occur  9 nature1 ! turac9     
blea*es out6 ,al?\gh porphyr9 is r>e z a
  normal color+ 9 adult animals1 x is ! 
commone/ pigm5t f\nd 9  ! %ells ( birds'
 eggs4 ,almo/ all eggs1 f ! h5's br[n to
 !  rob9's blue1 conta9 x4    #g ,! l5g?
 ( ! v %ort ,x-rays 0 accurately det]m9$
 by a  new me?od develop$ by ,compton & 
,doan 9 #aibe1 & 0 f\nd to be  ab\t ?ree
 billion?s ( an in*4                    
,transcrib]'s ,notes      pg #ai ,*ang$3
 ,9 ,m>*1 #aibc1 ,dr4 ,i4 ,se? ,hir%    
to3 ,9 ,m>*1 #aibc1 ,dr4 ,i4 ,se? ,hirs*
      pg #db ,*ang$3 unable to ref] to  
_! s\re               to3 unable to ref]
 to _! s\rce