,,! ,,/ructure ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,s5t5ce ,,by ,,lillian ,g4 ,,kimball ,,in/ructor ,,9 ,,engli%1 ,,/ate ,,normal ,,s*ool1 ,,o%ko%1 ,,wiscons9 ,,new ,,york 3 ,,c9c9nati 3 ,,*icago ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,copyright1 #aijj ,,by ,,lillian ,g4 ,,kimball ,eng4 ,s5t5ce ,e-,v #bj ,,preface ,x has long seem$ to me bo? un=tunate & wrong t _m pupils leave s*ool ) no ke5 delight 9 ! /udy ( ,engli% gramm>1 & ) ! mi/ak5 idea t x is ma9ly a /udy ( rules & def9itions bas$ ^u ! =ms ( m]e words4 ,f> f ?is1 x %\ld be f ! beg9n+ a /udy ( ?\ght4 ,words %\ld be exam9$ solely f ! po9t ( view ( _! function 9 ! s5t5ce1 ! "p !y play 9 ! communication ( ?\ght4 ,always ! s5t5ce %\ld be ! unit ( /udy1 & x %\ld be look$ at1 n prim>ily z express+ a ?\ght t 0 once 9 ! m9d ( its au?or1 b r z =ev] communicat+ ?\ght to ! m9ds ( its read]s4 ,= m5 w\ld nei!r speak nor write )\t an audi5ce4 ,_! aim is n to get _! ?\ght into words = satisfaction to !mselves1 b to convey ?\ght by means ( words to _! fell[-m54 ,!re=e x is t 9 all language /udy1 9 all language tea*+1 ! gov]n+ idea %\ld be1 n expression1 b communication1 ( ?\ght4 ,x is n[ univ]sally conc$$ t ! purposes ( gramm> /udy are ?ree2 namely1 & 9 ! ord] ( _! importance & _! realization1--#a4 to discipl9e ! m9d2 #b4 to aid 9 ! int]pretation ( spee* & lit]ature2 #c4 to facilitate ! correct expression ( ?\ght4 ,x _c1 !n1 be d5i$ t a rational inve/igation ( ! /ructure ( ,engli% s5t5ces is f> m important ?an any o!r phase ( gramm> /udy1 & = ?ree reasons3--#a4 x is a /udy ( ?\ght1 & z su* mu/ discipl9e ! m9d2 #b4 x tra9s ! /ud5t ?r\gh practice1 :i* is ! mo/ effective way1 to int]pret ! ?\ght ( o!rs2 #c4 by pres5t+ to him ! be/ models = imitation1 x aids him 9 communicat+ cle>ly 8 own ?\ghts4 ,believ+ ?is1 & kn[+ f mu* exp]i5ce t n until /ud5ts h exam9$ ! /ructure ( s5t5ces 9 relation to ! ?\ght embodi$1 d !y h any vital or useful k ( etymology & syntax1 ,i h long ?\ght t a book 0 ne$$ :i* %\ld deal only ) ! analysis ( s5t5ces1 ! culm9at+ phase ( gramm> /udy1 = :i* all previ\s "w is a prep>ation4 ,! book t ,i h prep>$ is n int5d$ to supplant any text-book 9 gramm>1 b r to provide = a pr(itable cont9uation ( gramm> /udy 9 high s*ools & normal s*ools4 ,x is bas$ ^u ! ,engli% s5t5ce z x has be5 writt5 dur+ ! pres5t c5tury4 ,no attempt has be5 made to criticize any =m or v>iation ( s5t5ce /ructure4 ,in/ead1 s5t5ces are exam9$ z !y h be5 con/ruct$ by reputable au?ors1 ) a view to det]m9+ ! adequacy ( _! /ructure to ! communication ( ?\ght4 ,my highe/ aim & my s9c]e/ hope h be5 to pres5t wor?y matt] 9 su* a way z to require & /imulate good ?9k+ on ! "p ( /ud5ts1 & to make !m m>vel & rejoice at ! p]fect adaptability ( ! ,engli% s5t5ce to ! noble burd5 t x be>s1 t ( communicat+ ?\ght4 ,l4 ,g4 ,k4 ,,o%ko%1 ,,wis41 ,may1 #aijj4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,! ,proposition #g ,,ii4 ,! ,classification ( ,propositions #aa ,,iii4 ,! ,classification ( ,s5t5ces accord+ to ,/ructure #ah ,,iv4 ,! ,classification ( ,s5t5ces accord+ to ,=m #bc ,v4 ,! ,adjective ,clause #bh ,,vi4 ,! ,analysis ( ,simple1 ,p>tially ,comp\nd1 & ,complex ,s5t5ces #ch ,,vii4 ,! ,sub/antive ,clause #db ,,viii4 ,analysis ( ,s5t5ces conta9+ ,n\n ,clauses #ea ,,ix4 ,! ,adv]bial ,clause ( ,"t #ec ,x4 ,! ,adv]bial ,clause ( ,place #ei ,,xi4 ,! ,adv]bial ,clause ( ,mann] #fb ,,xii4 ,! ,analysis ( ,s5t5ces #ff ,,xiii4 ,! ,adv]bial ,clause ( ,cause #fh ,,xiv4 ,clauses ( ,purpose & ,result #gc ,,xv4 ,! ,adv]bial ,clause ( ,condition #gh ,,xvi4 ,! ,adv]bial ,clause ( ,concession #hb ,,xvii4 ,! ,adv]bial ,clause ( ,degree or ,comp>ison #hg ,,xviii4 ,! ,comp\nd ,s5t5ce #ig ,,xix4 ,! ,conjunction 9 "s ( its ,uses #aje ,,xx4 ,! ,inf9itive ,phrase #aac ,,xxi4 ,! ,p>ticipial ,phrase #abi ,,xxii4 ,! ,g]und #aci ,,xxiii4 ,! ,prepositional ,phrase #adf ,,xxiv4 ,! ,appositive ,phrase #afa ,,xxv4 ,! ,direct ,object #afi ,,xxvi4 ,! ,subjective ,complem5t #age ,,xxvii4 ,! ,objective ,complem5t #agi ,,xxviii4 ,! ,indirect ,object #ahh ,,xxix4 ,! ,adv]bial ,n\n #ahi ,,xxx4 ,peculi> ,modifications #aic ,,xxxi4 ,indep5d5t ,elem5ts #bja ,,xxxii4 ,s5t5ce ,modifi]s #bji ,,xxxiii4 ,elliptical ,s5t5ces #bad ,,miscellane\s ,,s5t5ces ,,= ,,analysis #bbh ,,index #bda ,,! ,,/ructure ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,s5t5ce ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,proposition ,9 ! m9d ( e human be+ !re are innum]able ideas1 or m5tal pictures1 ga!r$ f previ\s exp]i5ce4 ,:5ev] we p]ceive a relation betwe5 any two ( ^! ideas1 we =m a judgm5t1 or1 9 o!r words1 h a ?\ght4 ,if we wi% to communicate our ?\ght we ord9>ily express x 9 words1 & ?is v]bal expression ( a ?\ght we call a s5t5ce4 ,= example1 ,i h an idea ( *ildr5 & an idea ( ! activity call$ play2 ,i see a relation betwe5 !m1 t ( ag5t & ?+ done2 ,i affirm ?is relation1 & h ! s5t5ce1 ,*ildr5 play4 ,or ,i detect a relation betwe5 fl[] & :it5ess1 & say1 ,! fl[] is :ite4 ,or ,i fail to e/abli% su* a relation & s d5y ! =m] /atem5t by say+1 ,! fl[] is n :ite4 ,9 ea* case my s5t5ce s]ves ! great purpose ( communicat+ ?\ght2 & x does ?is by call+ up 9 ! m9d ( ! read] ! same comb9ation ( ideas t exi/s 9 my m9d4 ,ano!r "n = s5t5ces l ^? j =m$1 is proposition1 a proposition be+ ! expression ( "o ?\ght4 ,b s9ce a proposition is ! /atem5t ( a judgm5t1 x mu/ conta9 two ideas4 ,"o ( ^!1 d5ot+ t ( :i* some?+ is ass]t$1 we call ! subject2 ! o!r1 d5ot+ :at is said ( ! subject1 we call ! pr$icate4 ,! relation betwe5 ^! two ideas _c always be express$ by means ( two words4 ,if we wi% to ass]t a relation betwe5 wat] & fre%ness1 we mu/ use at lea/ ?ree words1 ,wat] is fre%2 ! ^w is conta9s little1 if any1 mean+1 b is necess>y = ! grammatical expression ( ! ?\ght4 ,al?\gh a proposition mu/ conta9 at lea/ two ideas1 x may conta9 any numb] ( !m4 ,= example1 ,i may exp& ! proposition1 ,*ildr5 play1 by additional ideas1 tell+ 7#a7 ^: *ildr51 7#b7 a *>act]i/ic ( ! *ildr51 7#c7 :at !y play1 7#d7 :]e !y play1 7#e7 :5 !y play1--,my neighbor's little *ildr5 play hide & seek 9 _! y>d e ev5+4 ,/ill ,i h only "o proposition1 = ! numb] ( propositions 9 a s5t5ce dep5ds on ! numb] ( judgm5ts1 or ?\ghts1 express$1--9 o!r words1 on ! numb] ( ass]tions made2 & "h !re is b "o1 t made ess5tially by ! v]b play4 ,all s5t5ces1 h[ev]1 are n s+le propositions1 = 9 build+ s5t5ces we (t5 g a /ep fur!r ?an see+ ! relation betwe5 ideas1 t is1 we see ! relation betwe5 ?\ghts2 & s1 in/ead ( comb9+ m]e words1 we comb9e :ole propositions into "o s5t5ce4 ,take1 = example1 ! two propositions1 ,*ildr5 play1 & ,*ildr5 enjoy play4 ,i may see t ! second fact is a cause ( ! fir/1 &1 by comb9+ ! two s z to br+ out ?is relation ( cause & effect1 get ! s5t5ce1 ,*ildr5 play because !y enjoy x1 :]e9 ,i sub/itute ! pron\ns !y & x = ! already kn[n words *ildr5 & play4 ,or take ! two propositions1 ,! lion ro>$1 & ,! hy5a laugh$4 ,i may wi% to tell "s "o t ^! two actions 7 relat$ 9 "t1 occurr+ simultane\sly2 ,i d ?is by say+1 ,! lion ro>$ & ! hy5a laugh$1 :]e ,i h "o s5t5ce1 b made ( two propositions1 because convey+ two ?\ghts4 ,i might put 9 o!r ?\ghts1 tell+ 7#a7 :i* lion1 7#b7 :y he ro>$1 7#c7 h[ long ! hy5a laugh$1--,! lion t 0 kept 9 ! cage ne> ! door ro>$ because ! keep] did n br+ 8 food1 & ! hy5a laugh$ till he _h set all ! animals ar\nd him 9 an upro>4 ,"h ,i h "o s5t5ce conta9+ five ?\ghts1 !re=e made up ( five propositions4 ,h[ev]1 x is n ) composition1 ! build+ up ( s5t5ces1 t we are to conc]n ourselves1 s mu* z ) an exam9ation into ! /ructure ( ! f9i%$ product4 ,n[1 :5 we /udy ! /ructure ( ! human body1 we look ^u x fir/ z a symmetrical :ole1 !n we sep>ate x into its l>ge/1 mo/ di/9ct memb]s1--! head1 ! trunk1 ! arms1 ! legs4 ,aft] we h not$ ! relations ( ^! p>ts1 we take up ea* "p z a :ole & proce$ aga9 9 ! same way4 ,9 analyz+ s5t5ces we %all pursue ! same me?od4 ,e s5t5ce is a unit j z ! body is2 l ! body1 too1 x is made up ( small] units4 ,9 /udy+ its /ructure we %\ld fir/ ( all f9d ! units :i* compose ! s5t5ce-unit4 ,if ! s5t5ce is a s+le proposition1 ! con/itu5t units are1 ( c\rse1 ! subject & ! pr$icate4 ,b if ! s5t5ce is a comb9ation ( propositions1 z is (t5] ! case1 !n its *ief units are ^! propositions4 ,!re=e1 z a f\ndation = ! analysis ( s5t5ces1 we mu/ be able to det]m9e readily h[ _m propositions a giv5 s5t5ce conta9s4 ,our fir/ ex]cise w be devot$ to ?is end4 ,ex]cise #a ,resolve ! foll[+ s5t5ces into s+le propositions4 ,rememb] t ! numb] ( propositions dep5ds on ! numb] ( ass]tions made4 #a4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( ye>s betwe5 ! /one hat*et & ! ma*9e %op4--,c4 ,w4 ,eliot4 #b4 ,all along ! ,atlantic1 ! c\ntry is bord]$ by a broad tract1 call$ ! ti]ra cali5te1 or hot region1 :i* has ! usual high temp]ature ( equ9octial l&s4--,prescott4 #c4 ,times grew worse & worse ) ,rip ,van ,w9kle z ye>s ( matrimony roll$ on2 a t>t temp] nev] mell[s ) age1 & a %>p tongue is ! only edg$ tool t gr[s ke5] ) con/ant use4--,irv+4 #d4 ,e ?+ ar\nd me wore t happy look :i* makes ! he>t glad4--,longfell[4 #e4 ,i came f ,india z a *ild1 & our %ip t\*$ at an isl& on ! way home1 :]e my black s]vant took me a long walk ov] rocks & hills1 until we rea*$ a g>d5 :]e we saw a man walk+4--,?ack]ay4 #f4 ,z a pa9t] may draw a cl\d s t we recognize its g5]al tru?1 ?\gh ! b\nd>ies ( real cl\ds nev] rema9 ! same = two m9utes toge!r1 s1 amid ! *anges ( feature & complexion1 br\ght ab\t by comm+l+ ( race1 !re /ill rema9s a c]ta9 ca/ ( physiognomy1 :i* po9ts back to "s "o ance/or ( m>k$ & peculi> "*4--,l[ell4 #g4 ,our eyes are hold5 t we _c see ?+s t />e u 9 ! face1 until ! h\r arrives :5 ! m9d is rip5$4--,em]son4 #h4 ,! burn+ sun ( ,syria _h n yet atta9$ its highe/ po9t 9 ! horizon1 :5 a knight ( ! ,r$ ,cross1 :o _h left 8 di/ant nor!rn home & jo9$ ! ho/ ( ! ,crusad]s 9 ,pale/9e1 0 pac+ sl[ly along ! s&y des]ts :i* lie 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,dead ,sea1 :]e ! waves ( ! ,jordan p\r !mselves into an inl& sea f :i* !re is no dis*>ge ( wat]s4--,scott4 #i4 ,?r\gh ! black ,t>t> t5ts he pass$ :i* /ood1 ,clu/]+ l bee hives on ! l[1 flat /r& ,( ,oxus1 :]e ! summ] floods o'erfl[ ,:5 ! sun melts ! sn[ 9 high ,pam]e4 --,m4 ,arnold4 #aj4 ,on a f9e1 breezy =5oon ,i am audaci\sly skeptical1 b1 z twilight sets 91 my cr$ulity gr[s /eadily1 till x becomes equal to any?+ t c\ld be desir$4--,de ,qu9cey4 #aa4 ,al?\gh x 0 n[ well on t[>ds d>k & ! sun 0 d[n an h\r or s1 ,i c\ld see ! robb]s' road be=e me 9 a tr\gh ( ! w9d+ hills1 :]e ! brook pl[$ d[n f ! high] b>r[s1 & ! cov+ banks 7 ro($ ) furze4--,blackmore4 #ab4 ,9 "o place ! poet describes a congregation ga!r$ to li/5 to a prea*] 9 a great unillum9$ ca!dral at night4--,wm4 ,james4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,classification ,,( ,,propositions ,h[ ,propositions diff] 9 ,nature4--,9 /udy+ ! human body we _c help see+ t all ! prom95t memb]s are n equally important4 ,"s c\ld exi/ indep5d5tly ( o!rs1 :ile "s are jo9$ directly to a m important "p1 &1 if sep>at$ f x1 w\ld h no use or life4 ,s1 9 /udy+ a s5t5ce1 we notice t all ! propositions are n equal 9 rank4 ,"s are complete s5t5ces 9 !mselves2 o!rs w\ld n make s5se if !y 7 oblig$ to /& alone4 ,h5ce !re arise two classes ( propositions1--pr9cipal & subord9ate1 or indep5d5t & dep5d5t4 ,9 e s5t5ce !re is at lea/ "o prim>y ?\ght :i* x is ! au?or's ma9 purpose to communicate1 & ?is w always be f\nd 9 ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,!re may be modify+ circum/ances ( "t1 place1 mann]1 condition1 etc41 :i* he wi%es to embody 9 8 s5t5ce1 b he br+s ^! 9 by means ( words & phrases1 :i* are elem5ts ( ! pr9cipal proposition1 or else1 if ! language af=ds no adequate words & phrases1 by means ( subord9ate propositions4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,c>lyle1--8,h[ true is t old fable ( ! ,sph9x1 :o sat by ! wayside prop\nd+ h] riddle to ! pass5g]s10 !re are pla9ly two propositions4 ,x is also pla9 t ! ?\ght :i* ! au?or wi%$ mo/ to convey is ?is1--,! old fable ( ! ,sph9x is true4 ,9 fact1 x 0 ! prime importance ( ?is ?\ght t l$ him to put x 9 ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,he *ose to add ! ?\ght express$ 9 ! second proposition1 b he %[$ its m9or importance by con/ruct+ ! proposition s t x s]ves z a m]e modifi] ( ! ^w ,sph9x4 ,f a grammatical po9t ( view ! fir/ proposition is complete1--x c\ld /& alone & make s5se2 h5ce x is call$ indep5d5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! second proposition1 if sep>at$ f ! fir/1 w\ld lose its mean+2 x is !re=e said to be dep5d5t4 ,consid] ^! s5t5ces3 #a4 ,! ,mohawk h>dly feels ! scalp+-knife :ile he %\ts 8 dea? song4--,macaulay4 #b4 ,no success is wor?y ( ! "n unless x is won by hone/ indu/ry & a brave brea/+ ( ! waves ( =tune4--,huxley4 #c4 ,t c\ntry is ! faire/ :i* is inhabit$ by ! noble/ m9ds4--,em]son4 ,if we sep>ate ea* ( ^! s5t5ces into its two propositions & apply ! te/1--:i* proposition is by itself grammatically complete8 we %all see t ! fir/ proposition 9 ea* s5t5ce is indep5d5t & ! second dep5d5t4 ,b x may be said t 9 ea* case ! dep5d5t proposition is necess>y = ! tru? ( ! s5t5ce1 t its ?\ght mu/ h be5 9 ! au?or's m9d n z an addition to ! ma9 ?\ght b z some?+ indisp5sable4 ,?is is p]fectly true2 logically ! tru? ( ! indep5d5t proposition does dep5d on ! ?\ght 9 ! dep5d5t proposition1 b grammatically ! dep5d5ce is ! o!r way4 ,notice t 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces ! second proposition d5otes a modify+ circum/ance ( ! ma9 ?\ght1 & !re=e takes rank 9 ! s5t5ce m]ely z an idea1--tell+ 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce :5 ! ,mohawk h>dly feels ! scalp+ knife1 9 ! second "u :at condition success is unwor?y1 9 ! ?ird :i* c\ntry is ! faire/4 ,n[1 _h ! au?or s *os51 ^! modifications might all h be5 express$ by phrases1 ?\gh possibly n s cle>ly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,te/s = ,indep5d5t & ,dep5d5t ,propositions4--,f ! =ego+ we may d$uce ! foll[+ te/s = propositions4 #a4 ,= ! indep5d5t proposition4--7a7 ,x conta9s ! ma9 ?\ght t ! au?or wi%$ to convey4 7b7 ,x is s express$ t x is grammatically complete :5 /&+ alone4 #b4 ,= ! dep5d5t proposition4--7a7 ,x expresses a modify+ ?\ght ( "s ^w or words 9 ! indep5d5t proposition4 7b7 ,x may be *ang$ to a simpl] elem5t1 a ^w or phrase1 provid$ !re is a ^w or phrase 9 ! language to express ! same mean+4 7c7 ,x is n s express$ t x w\ld make s5se /&+ alone4 99 99 99 99 99 ,function ( ! ,dep5d5t ,proposition4--,f :at has already be5 said x may be inf]r$ t ! dep5d5t proposition is employ$ 7#a7 = v>iety1 9 ! place ( a ^w or phrase1 7#b7 = ! adequate expression ( :at we h no ^w or phrase capable ( say+4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,e dep5d5t proposition c be *ang$ into an indep5d5t proposition1 & s might h be5 br\ght into ! s5t5ce 9 t =m4 ,= example1-- ,! ,mohawk %\ts 8 dea? song1 & he h>dly feels ! scalp+ knife4 ,t c\ntry is inhabit$ by ! noble/ m9ds & x is ! faire/4 ,success %\ld be won by hone/ indu/ry & a brave brea/+ ( ! waves ( =tune1 & no o!r success is wor?y ( ! "n4 ,by comp>+ ^! reca/$ s5t5ces ) ! orig9als we p]ceive :y ! au?ors employ$ ! dep5d5t proposition2 by means ( x !y h %[n :at ! reca/$ s5t5ces d n %[--7#a7 :at is ! ma9 ?\ght & :at is subord9ate2 7#b7 ! special relation exi/+ betwe5 ! pr9cipal & ! subord9ate ?\ght4 ,?is second po9t is v important4 ,if we _h to tell a /ory 9 s5t5ces ( "o proposition ea*1 h[ difficult x w\ld be to give ! read] an idea ( ! v>i\s relations betwe5 ^! propositions4 ,besides1 h[ t$i\s is a succession ( s+le propositions4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 ! foll[+ six s5t5ces ) ! "o smoo?1 compact1 cle> s5t5ce into :i* !y may be comb9$4 ,! jay ho>ds up nuts = w9t] use4 ,?is is a g5]al belief among c\ntry p4 ,?is belief has probably "s f\ndation 9 fact4 ,:]e c ! jay safely place 8 /ores8 ,"o is at a loss to "k ?is4 ,8 /ores are apt to be pilf]$ by ! mice & squirrels4 ,! g5]al belief among c\ntry p t ! jay ho>ds up nuts = w9t] use has probably "s f\ndation 9 fact1 ?\gh "o is at a loss to "k :]e he c\ld place 8 /ores s t !y w\ld n be pilf]$ by ! mice & squirrels4--,burr\ghs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,comb9ation ( ,indep5d5t ,propositions4--,?is comes ab\t :5 we wi% to put relat$ ?\ghts into "o s5t5ce 9 su* a way z to %[ t !y are equally important1 & t1 al?\gh !y are relat$1 nei!r is to be consid]$ z d5ot+ "s modify+ circum/ance ( any idea 9 ! o!r4 ,= example1-- #a4 ,!re mu/ be "w done by ! arms or none ( u c\ld live4--,rusk94 #b4 ,mis=tune c\ld n subdue him & prosp]ity c\ld n spoil him4--,dick5s4 #c4 ,y may talk ( ! tyranny ( ,n]o & ,tib]ius2 b ! real tyranny is ! tyranny ( y\r next door neighbor4--,bagehot4 ,notice t ! connectives 9 ^! s5t5ces1 :ile indicat+ a relation betwe5 ! propositions z :oles1 belong to "o proposition no m ?an to ! o!r1 h5ce are n a grammatical "p ( ei!r2 also t nei!r proposition is a modifi] ( any idea 9 ! o!r4 ,x has be5 well said t (t5 :5 we comb9e two indep5d5t propositions into "o s5t5ce1 we are really convey+ ?ree ?\ghts1--! ?\ght 9 ea* proposition & ! ?\ght sugge/$ by ! relation betwe5 ! two propositions4 ,9 s5t5ce #c j quot$1 we h n only ! two propositions express$1 b two m impli$2 viz41 ! tyranny ( ,n]o & ,tib]ius is n ! real tyranny2 &1 ! real tyranny is n talk$ ab\t4 ,we are n[ ready to take ! second /ep 9 /udy+ ! /ructure ( a giv5 s5t5ce1 t is1 to det]m9e :e!r its compon5t propositions are indep5d5t or dep5d5t4 ,ex]cise #b ,select ea* proposition 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,/ate :e!r x is indep5d5t or dep5d5t1 & give ! gr\nds = y\r decision4 #a4 ,*ildr5 play ! "p 9 ! h\sehold :i* ! k+'s je/]1 :o v (t5 _h a mighty long head "u 8 cap & bells1 us$ to play = a mon>*4--,holmes4 #b4 ,already ,i brea!d gales ( ! ev]la/+ m\nta9s1 t to my feel+s blew f ! g>d5 ( ,p>adise4--,de ,qu9cey4 #c4 ,! wat]fall is comp>atively n>r[ at ! top ( ! precipice2 b x wid5s z x desc5ds1 & curves a little z x wid5s1 s t x %apes itself1 be=e x rea*es ! fir/ b[l ( granite1 into ! *>m+ figure ( ! comet t gl[$ on our sky "s ye>s ago4--,k+4 #d4 ,he1 :o1 9 an enlight5$ & lit]>y society1 aspires to be a great poet1 mu/ fir/ become a little *ild4--,macaulay4 #e4 ,"o has only to sit d[n 9 ! woods or fields1 or by ! %ore ( ! riv] or lake1 & ne>ly ev]y?+ ( int]e/ w come r\nd to him1--! birds1 ! animals1 ! insects1--& pres5tly1 aft] 8 eye has got accu/om$ to ! place & to ! light & %ade1 he w probably see "s plant or fl[] t he _h s\ght 9 va9 =1 & t is a pleasant surprise to him4--,burr\ghs4 #f4 ,if _! lant]n _h be5 9 its place1 !y w\ld sc>ce h fail$ to descry me1 unless inde$ ,i _h se5 ! gleam be=e ,i turn$ ! corn]4--,blackmore4 #g4 ,! :ole t[n knew & k9dly reg>d$ ,miss ,betsey ,b>k]'s ,ald]ney2 !re=e great 0 ! sympa?y & regret :51 9 an ungu>d$ mom5t1 ! poor c[ tumbl$ into a lime-pit4--,mrs4 ,gaskell4 #h4 ,t 0 ! gr&e/ fun]al ,t ev] pass$ on e>?1 ,b no "o he>d ! tramp+1 ,or saw ! tra9 g =?4 #i4 ,!re 7 r[s ( h\ses :i* he _h nev] se5 be=e1 & ^? :i* _h be5 8 famili> haunts _h disappe>$4--,irv+4 #aj4 ,9 ! morn+ ,i arose ) ! l>k1 & at night ,i slept :]e sunset ov]took me4--,longfell[4 #aa4 ,kala ,nag1 :i* means ,black ,snake1 _h s]v$ ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t 9 e way t an elephant c\ld s]ve x = =ty-sev5 ye>s4--,kipl+4 #ab4 ,y\r dull unhurri$ work] gets ov] a great deal ( gr\nd because he nev] goes backw>d or breaks d[n4--,wm4 ,james4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,classification ,,( ,,s5t5ces ,,accord+ ,,to ,,/ructure ,we h se5 t a s5t5ce may consi/ ( "o proposition or ( sev]al1 & t all its propositions may be indep5d5t or "o or m ( !m may be dep5d5t4 ,?is fre$om ( comb9ation gives rise to ?ree di/9ct types ( s5t5ces1 classifi$ accord+ to ! numb] & ! k9d ( propositions !y conta94 ,^! are simple1 complex1 & comp\nd4 #a4 ,a simple s5t5ce is "o t consi/s ( "o indep5d5t proposition4--8,lightness ( t\* is ! cr[n+ te/ ( p[]40--,higg9son4 #b4 ,a complex s5t5ce is "o t conta9s at lea/ "o dep5d5t proposition4 ,x usually conta9s a complete indep5d5t proposition also1 & x may conta9 any numb] ( dep5d5t propositions4 7a7 ,) ! indep5d5t proposition complete1--8,:at inspiration gilds 8 features z he desc5ds ! m\nt ) ! ,tables 9 8 h&40--,"l4 7b7 ,) ! indep5d5t proposition incomplete because ! dep5d5t proposition is its subject4--8,t ,*auc]1 be+ at ,milan1 %\ld n h f\nd occasion to ride across s f> z ,padua = ! sake ( see+ ! mo/ fam\s lit]>y man ( ! day1 is incr$ible40--,l[ell4 #c4 ,a comp\nd s5t5ce is "o t conta9s at lea/ two indep5d5t propositions4 ,x may also conta9 "o or m dep5d5t propositions4 ,9 t case x is (t5 call$ complex-comp\nd4 7a7 ,comp\nd s5t5ce1--8,x is a /range tale1 b x ha? ! recomm5dation ( brevity40--,j]rold4 7b7 ,complex-comp\nd4--8,times ( h]oism are g5]ally times ( t]ror1 b ! day nev] %9es 9 :i* ?is elem5t may n "w40--,em]son4 ,difficulty 9 ,classify+ ,s5t5ces4--,x is sometimes difficult = a beg9n] to det]m9e :e!r a s5t5ce is complex or comp\nd1 t is1 :e!r a c]ta9 "o ( its propositions is indep5d5t or dep5d5t4 ,take1 = in/ance1 two su* s5t5ces z ! foll[+3 8,! gr\nd is wet ?is morn+ because x ra9$ la/ night02 &1 8,! gr\nd is wet ?is morn+1 h5ce x ra9$ la/ night40 ,out ( ea* ( ^! expressions we get a /atem5t ( cause & effect1 b ! two s5t5ces are n !re=e alike1 = a s5t5ce is to be consid]$ n only logically b grammatically1 be=e we c decide :at k9d x is4 ,x is cle> t 9 ea* s5t5ce ! fir/ proposition is indep5d5t1 s we %all exam9e only ! second4 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce ! second proposition is int5d$ to tell :y ! gr\nd is wet1 j z ! words ?is morn+ tell :5 x is wet4 ,:y a c]ta9 /ate exi/s may be told by a phrase z well z by a proposition1 because x is only a modify+ circum/ance4 ,x might be told "h by ! prepositional phrase f la/ night's ra94 ,if ?is second proposition1 !n1 is put into ! s5t5ce m]ely to tell some?+ ab\t "s "p ( ! indep5d5t proposition1 x is cle>ly subord9ate1 & !re=e dep5d5t4 ,9 ! second s5t5ce ! second proposition does n express any modification ( any idea 9 ! fir/ proposition4 ,x /ates a conclusion drawn f ! fact /at$ 9 ! fir/ proposition1 & 9 ! au?or's m9d ! conclusion is ( equal importance ) ! fact t supports x4 ,we may ev5 supply ! conjunction & be=e h5ce1 :i* %[s t ! two propositions are cord9ate1 s if "o is indep5d5t ! o!r mu/ be4 ,x may be said t if ! conjunction h5ce is tak5 z a "p ( ! foll[+ proposition1 ! proposition _c /& alone any m ?an c ! proposition introduc$ by because4 ,b because mu/ be tak5 z a "p ( its proposition because x indicates ! special modify+ circum/ance--n "t1 or place1 b cause--:i* ! au?or int5d$ t proposition to d5ote1 :]eas h5ce is n a "p ( ! foll[+ proposition because t proposition is n int5d$1 z we h %[n1 to be a modifi] ( any "p ( ! prec$+ proposition1 b a conclusion drawn f ! :ole ( x4 ,because1 indicat+ subord9ation is a subord9at+ conjunction & always a "p ( ! proposition x introduces4 ,h5ce1 indicat+ equality1 or grammatical cord9ation1 is a cord9at+ conjunction & nev] a "p ( ! proposition foll[+ x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,p>tially ,comp\nd ,s5t5ce4--,s9ce !re are ?ree well def9$ types ( s5t5ces1 x is natural t !re %\ld be =ms ly+ 9 betwe5 any two ( ^! types & p>tak+ ( ! nature ( bo?4 ,"o ( ^! =ms1 ! complex-comp\nd s5t5ce1 we h already spok5 (4 ,ano!r =m is f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1--8,! diseases1 ! elem5ts1 =tune1 gravity1 lightn+1 respect no p]sons40--,em]son4 ,"h !re are sev]al subjects b only "o ass]tion made1 h5ce only "o proposition4 ,! s5t5ce resembles bo? ! comp\nd s5t5ce & ! simple s5t5ce1 b is1 /rictly speak+1 nei!r "o4 ,x is call$ p>tially comp\nd1 & may be consid]$ a fif? k9d ( s5t5ce4 ,sometimes x conta9s only "o subject b two or m pr$icates1--8,he %ook 8 head1 %\ld]$ ! ru/y firelock1 &1 ) a he>t full ( tr\ble & anxiety1 turn$ 8 /eps homew>d40--,irv+4 ,ex]cise #c ,classify ! foll[+ s5t5ces accord+ to /ructure1 giv+ 9 ea* case ! gr\nds = y\r decision4 #a4 ,i c\ld nev] fa?om h[ a man d>es to lift up 8 voice to prea* 9 a ca!dral4--,/ev5son4 #b4 ,great feel+s ha? %e ( h] own1 ,:i* less] s\ls may nev] "k2 ,god give? !m to h] alone1 ,& sweet !y are z any tone ,:]e) ! w9d may *oose to bl[4--,l[ell4 #c4 ,:5 y em]ge f ! portals ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 y ent] ^u spaces ( su* sunny l5g? & bread?1 set r\nd ) su* exquisite ar*itecture t x makes y glad to be liv+ 9 ?is _w4--,h[ells4 #d4 ,education1 to accompli% ! ends ( good gov]nm5t1 %\ld be univ]sally diffus$4--,web/]4 #e4 ,if a c\ntry f9ds itself wret*$1 sure en\gh t c\ntry has be5 misguid$4--,c>lyle4 #f4 ,^! w9ds 9 ! w9t] season frequ5tly fre%5 into tempe/s1 &1 sweep+ d[n ! ,atlantic coa/ & ! w9d+ ,gulf ( ,mexico1 bur/ ) ! fury ( a hurricane on its unprotect$ %ores1 & on ! neighbor+ ,we/ ,india isl&s4--,prescott4 #g4 ,! ,puritan pro/rat$ himself 9 ! du/ be=e 8 ,mak]2 b he set 8 foot on ! neck ( 8 k+4--,macaulay4 #h4 ,y get entangl$ 9 ano!r man's m9d1 ev5 z y lose y\rself 9 ano!r man's gr\nds4--,lamb4 #i4 ,n :at we ?9k1 b :at we d1 ,makes sa9ts ( u4 --,alice ,c>y4 #aj4 ,he reel$1 & /agg]+ back sank to ! gr\nd2 ,& !n ! gloom disp]s$1 & ! w9d fell1 ,& ! bright sun broke =?1 & melt$ all ,! cl\d4 --,m4 ,arnold4 #aa4 ,only ! le>n$1 :o 7 v few1 c\ld read ,lat92 h5ce !re came to be great ignorance ( ! ,bible1 & all sorts ( sup]/itions & false beliefs took possession ( ! p1 & ! ,bible came to be almo/ a =gott5 & unus$ book4--,mung]4 #ab4 ,:]ev] ! ,anglo-,saxon race goes1 !re law1 indu/ry1 & safety = life & prop]ty are c]ta9 to arise4--,dick5s4 #ac4 ,! isl&s ( ! lagoons seem$ to rise & s9k ) ! light palpitations ( ! waves l pictures on ! undulat+ fields ( bann]s4--,h[ells4 #ad4 ,! heights by great m5 rea*$ & kept ,7 n atta9$ by sudd5 flight1 ,b !y1 :ile _! companions slept1 ,7 toil+ upw>d 9 ! night4 --,longfell[4 #ae4 ,sweet fun]al bells f "s incalculable di/ance1 wail+ ov] ! dead t die be=e ! dawn1 awak5$ me z ,i slept 9 a boat moor$ to "s famili> %ore4--,de ,qu9cey4 #af4 ,t]ror1 n love1 0 ! spr+ ( education ) ! ,aztecs4--,prescott4 #ag4 ,z night set 91 ! w9d :i/l$ 9 a spiteful1 falsetto key1 & ! ra9 la%$ ! old tav]n z if x 7 a balky horse t refus$ to move on4--,aldri*4 #ah4 ,feudalism 0 an in/itution ( ! ,middle ,ages1 :i* grew out ( ! mis]ies & robb]ies t succe$$ ! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire4--,"l4 #ai4 ,t5nyson delights to s+ ( h]oic de$s & to celebrate noble s\ls4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,classification ,,( ,,s5t5ces ,,accord+ ,,to ,,=m ,we h classifi$ s5t5ces accord+ to _! /ructure z simple1 complex1 comp\nd1 p>tially comp\nd1 & complex-comp\nd4 ,!re is ano!r classification made on ! basis ( =m1 :i* gives u ?ree k9ds ( s5t5ces1--decl>ative1 int]rogative1 imp]ative4 ,^! ?ree =ms arise f ! fact t !re are ?ree modes ( communicat+ ?\ght2 viz41 by ass]tion1 by "q1 by comm&4 ,! ,decl>ative ,s5t5ce4--,a decl>ative s5t5ce is "o t /ates or decl>es some?+1--8,aunt ,celia has an int5se desire to improve my m9d40--,mrs4 ,wigg94 ,?is is ! commone/ k9d ( s5t5ce1 especially 9 books1 = x is ! bus9ess ( an au?or to in=m 8 read]s ( 8 own ?\ghts1 n to inquire aft] !irs4 ,x is ! /yle ( s5t5ce be/ fitt$ = relat+ ev5ts1 describ+ objects1 or mak+ cle> any difficult subject4 ,its ord] is usually ! natural "o1 fir/ ! subject & !n ! pr$icate4 ,v>iations f ?is ord] w be tak5 up z !y pres5t !mselves 9 connection ) diff]5t s5t5ce-elem5ts4 ,! ,int]rogative ,s5t5ce4--,an int]rogative s5t5ce is "o t asks a "q1--8,:o n[ reads ! anci5t au?ors80--,f4 ,h>rison4 ,?is k9d ( s5t5ce is us$ (t5 9 conv]sation1 bo? oral & writt54 ,x is also common 9 addresses1 su* z s]mons & lectures1 :]e ! speak] asks que/ions ( 8 audi5ce1 n = ! purpose ( gett+ an answ]1 b t he may make a m direct appeal to !m4 ,9 books we (t5 meet su* an int]rogative s5t5ce z ?is1--8,:at c\rage c )/& ! ev]-dur+ & all-besett+ t]rors ( a woman's tongue80--,irv+4 ,! purpose ( ?is s5t5ce is n to inquire1 to ask a "q ( anybody1 b to give emphatic expression to a ?\ght4 ,x is a rhetorical device = mak+ an ass]tion =cible4 ,! au?or ( ! s5t5ce quot$ 0 s positive ( ! tru? ( 8 ?\ght t1 in/ead ( decl>+ x1 he put x 9 ! =m ( a "q1 mean+1 h[ev]1--8,!re is no c\rage t c )/&1 etc40 ,int]rogative s5t5ces are ( two k9ds3 #a4 ,^? t c be answ]$ by yes or no1--8,c a man weigh (f & value ! glories ( dawn aga9/ ! d>kness ( hurricane80--,de ,qu9cey4 ,^! s5t5ces put 9 "q ! :ole ?\ght1 & are usually 9 ! inv]t$ ord]1 ! auxili>y ( ! pr$icate v]b com+ be=e ! subject4 #b4 ,^? t _c be answ]$ by yes or no1--8,:y %\ld ! trees be s lovely 9 ,japan80--,he>n4 ,^! s5t5ces put 9 "q only "o po9t1 ei!r ! subject1 ! object1 an attribute ( ! subject or object1 or "s circum/ance ( "t1 mann]1 place1 cause1 etc4 ,!y usually beg9 ) an int]rogative ^w1 su* z ! pron\ns :o1 :i*1 :at1 or ! adv]bs h[1 :51 :y1 :]e4 ,int]rogative s5t5ces h sometimes ! same ord] & arrangem5t ( words z decl>ative s5t5ces4 ,x is only by he>+ !m spok5 or not+ _! punctuation t we "k !y are int]rogative2 = example1 8,scrooge knew he 0 dead80--,dick5s4 ,?is is equival5t to--8,did ,scrooge "k t he 0 dead80 ,be=e analyz+ an int]rogative s5t5ce1 its ord]1 if inv]t$1 %\ld be *ang$ to t ( ! decl>ative s5t5ce4 ,motley's "q1--8,:5 did "o man ev] civilize a p80 becomes = analysis1--8,"o man did ev] civilize a p :580 ,notice t ! "t ( an action is ! po9t 9 "q "h1 & ! desir$ answ] w be ?is v same s5t5ce ) only two *anges1 ! omission ( ev] & ! sub/itution ( a ^w or phrase signify+ a def9ite "t1 = ! ^w :54 ,! ,imp]ative ,s5t5ce4--,an imp]ative s5t5ce is "o t conveys a comm&1--8,tell me :y y h br\ght me to ?is place40--,ca9e4 ,! comm& is frequ5tly s mild t x becomes m a reque/ or piece ( advice1--8,speak z y ?9k1 be :at y are1 pay y\r debts ( all k9ds40--,em]son4 ,sometimes x is ev5 an entreaty1--8,give u ?is day our daily bread40 ,a v common =m ( ! imp]ative s5t5ce is t introduc$ by ! imp]ative ^w let1--8,let ! dess]t be s]v$ & ! fruit br\ght40 ,?is g5]ally expresses m ( a wi% ?an a comm&4 ,! same idea is br\ght out 9 su* a s5t5ce z ! foll[+1--8,come1 sit we d[n & talk40 ,"h ! pres5t subjunctive sit is employ$4 ,bo? ( ^! s5t5ce-=ms may be consid]$ z sub/itutes = ! fir/ & ?ird p]son imp]ative1 :i* is lack+ 9 ,engli%4 ,9 imp]ative s5t5ces we use ! imp]ative mood ( ! v]b & s usually disp5se ) ! subject1 ! v]b becom+ ?us ! fir/ ^w 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,= analysis ! subject is to be suppli$4 ,x is always a p]sonal pron\n ( ! second p]son1 y1 ?\1 or ye4 ,! v]b may be a simple imp]ative1 z g2 an emphatic imp]ative1 d g2 or a progressive imp]ative1 be go+1 or d be go+4 ,! ,exclamative ,s5t5ce4--,any "o ( ! ?ree =ms ( s5t5ces may become exclamative by mode ( utt]ance1 b ! exclamative s5t5ce does n communicate ?\ght 9 a way diff]5t f ! o!r ?ree s5t5ces1 nor is x diff]5t 9 =m1 h5ce x %\ld n be consid]$ a f\r? k9d ( s5t5ce4 ,a decl>ative s5t5ce made exclamative4--8,alas6 ! sil5ce :i* 0 !n settl+ on t ag$ e> 0 an ev]la/+ sil5ce60--,de ,qu9cey4 ,an int]rogative s5t5ce made exclamative4--8,:o c\ld h imag9$ ! :irlw9d ( passion t 0 go+ on )9 me z ,i recl9$ !re60--,jeff]ies4 ,an imp]ative s5t5ce made exclamative4--8,sit d[n1 all ( y1 & li/5 to me60--,lewis ,c>roll4 ,ex]cise #d4 ,classify ! foll[+ s5t5ces bo? z to /ructure & z to =m4 ,a s5t5ce comp\nd 9 /ructure may h memb]s diff]5t 9 =m1 t is1 "o memb] may be decl>ative & ano!r int]rogative4 #a4 ,a wide-spread+1 hopeful disposition is y\r only true umbrella 9 ?is vale ( te>s4--,aldri*4 #b4 ,:at is x to be a g5tleman8 ,is x to h l(ty aims1 to lead a pure life1 to keep y\r honor virg92 to h ! e/eem ( y\r fell[ citiz5s1 & ! love ( y\r fireside2 to be> good =tune meekly2 to suff] evil ) con/ancy2 & ?r\gh evil or good to ma9ta9 tru? always8--,?ack]ay4 #c4 ,/ay1 /ay ) u--re/1 ?\ art we>y & worn4--,campbell4 #d4 ,x is s t$i\s to live only 9 "o circle & h only a g5teel acqua9tance4--,higg9son4 #e4 ,take ,w9t] z y f9d him1 & he turns out to be a ?or\ghly hone/ fell[ ) no nons5se 9 him4--,l[ell4 #f4 ,9 a ^w1 if ! _w 7 actually all civiliz$1 w\ldn't x be too weak ev5 to rip58--,w>n]4 #g4 ,:o bl[s to-day su* a r++ trumpet-call to ! /udy ( language z ,lu!r blew8--,c4 ,w4 ,eliot4 #h4 ,) :at int]e/ d we look ^u any relic ( e>ly human hi/ory6--,agassiz4 #i4 ,d n delude y\rself ) ! idea t y c practice punctuality by & by1 :5 ! necessity ( x w be m cog5t4 #aj4 ,boy z ,i am1 ,i h se5 battles too-- ,h wad$ =emo/ 9 _! bloody waves1 ,& he>d _! holl[ ro> ( dy+ m52 ,b nev] 0 my he>t ?us t\*$ be=e4 ,are !y f ,heav51 ^! s(t5+s ( ! he>t8 ,o ?\ old w>rior1 let u yield to ,heav54 ,come1 plant we "h 9 e>? our angry spe>s1 ,& make a truce1 & sit ^u ?is s&1 ,& pl$ge ea* o!r 9 r$ w9e1 l fri5ds1 ,& ?\ %alt talk to me ( ,ru/um's de$s4 --,m4 ,arnold4 #aa4 ,:i!r c ,i take w+ f ! oppression ( human faces8--,lamb4 #ab4 ,b ! ?ird si/]1 :o is also ! y\nge/--,hu%6 :isp] :il/ we talk ( h]6--,de ,qu9cey4 #ac4 ,b aft] all :at religion knits p s closely z a common sport8--,/ev5son4 #ad4 ,%ut n[ ! volume ( hi/ory & tell me1 on any pr9ciple ( human probability1 :at %all be ! fate ( ?is h&ful ( adv5tur]s8--,ev]ett4 #ae4 ,! self-made man is ! funnie/ w9dbag aft] all6--,/ev5son4 #af4 ,!re6 if ! tr\t has a "r to 8 gras%opp]1 h ,i n a "r to ! tr\t6--,bee*]4 #ag4 ,let u trace a riv] to its s\rce4--,tyndall4 #ah4 ,g face ! fire at sea1 or ! *ol]a 9 y\r fri5d's h\se1 or ! burgl> 9 y\r own1 or :at dang] lies 9 ! way ( duty1 kn[+ y are gu>d$ by ! *]ubim ( ,de/9y4--,em]son4 #ai4 ,oh1 *ild ( ,france6 %eph]dess1 peasant girl6 trodd5 "u foot by all ar\nd !e1 h[ ,i honor ?y fla%+ intellect1 quick z ,god's lightn+ & true z ,god's lightn+ to its m>k1 t ran be=e ,france & lagg>d ,europe by _m a c5tury1 conf\nd+ ! malice ( ! ensn>]1 & mak+ dumb ! oracles ( falsehood6--,de ,qu9cey4 #bj4 ,:o c\ld guess ,if ev] m %\ld meet ^? mutual eyes1 ,s9ce ^u night s sweet su* awful morn c\ld rise8 --,byron4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,adjective ,,clause ,function4--,a common =m ( ! dep5d5t proposition is ! adjective clause1 s call$ n because x is equival5t to an adjective1 b because x p]=ms ! (fice ( an adjective1 t is1 modifies a sub/antive4 ,x is true t "s adjective clauses may be *ang$ to adjectives1 p>ticiples1 or prepositional phrases1 b !re are _m m ^: mean+ _c be convey$ by any adjective1 p>ticiple1 or phrase at our comm&4 ,= example1 9 ?is s5t5ce f ,macaulay1--8,9 climates :]e w9e is a r>ity1 intemp]ance ab\nds10 !re is no equival5t simpl] adjective elem5t into :i* ! clause c\ld be *ang$4 ,moreov]1 a clause gives m dignity & importance to ! ?\ght convey$ by x ?an a %ort] adjective elem5t gives4 ,(t51 too1 a s5t5ce loses 9 def9it5ess by ! abridgm5t ( an adjective clause4 ,= example1 ! s5t5ce1--8,! /atue t 0 made ( m>ble pleas$ me mo/10 may be *ang$ to1--8,! m>ble /atue pleas$ me mo/40 ,b1 :]eas ! fir/ s5t5ce means t ! m>ble /atue pleas$ me m ?an ! o!r /atues1 ! second may mean ei!r ! same or t ! /atue pleas$ me m ?an "s o!r objects1 n /atues4 ,9 o!r words1 x is cle> t ! clause is re/rictive1 :ile 9 ! abridg$ s5t5ce x is impossible to decide :e!r m>ble is us$ to re/rict or to describe4 ,ano!r advantage ( ! clause is1 t x does n require to be s ne> ! ^w t x modifies z does an adjective or a p>ticiple4 ,take ! foll[+ s5t5ce1--8,no act ( oppression has ev] be5 imput$ to him :i* has n a p>allel 9 ! annals ( ! ,tudors40--,macaulay4 ,"h ! clause is sep>at$ f act by ! entire pr$icate ( ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,classification4--,!re are two k9ds ( adjective clauses1 accord+ to ! purpose = :i* !y are us$ 9 ! s5t5ce4 #a4 ,! re/rictive adjective clause4--,?is is "o :i* re/ricts1 or n>r[s1 ! application ( ! n\n x modifies to "s p>ticul> individual or class4--8,he :o nev] *ang$ any ( 8 op9ions nev] correct$ any ( 8 mi/akes40--,hall4 ,"h ! clause po9ts out ! p>ticul> individual designat$ by ! pron\n he4 ,a re/rictive clause is d\bly expressive2--x says "o ?+ directly & ano!r by implication4 ,9 ! s5t5ce quot$ ! clause implies t !re are p :o d *ange _! op9ions4 ,usually ! re/rictive clause is ne> ! ^w x modifies1 is n set (f by a comma1 & is introduc$ by ! relative pron\n t1 or a conjunctive adv]b1 or su* a phrase z 9 :i*1 by :i*1 etc4 ,no adjective clause1 h[ev]1 %\ld be te/$ by any or ev5 all ( ^! accid5ts1 b r solely by ! purpose = :i* ! au?or us$ x4 #b4 ,! unre/rictive adjective clause4--,?is is "o t m]ely adds a ?\ght to "s idea already express$4 ,! additional ?\ght is (t5 valuable1 b x is nev] necess>y4--8,! w9d[ ( ! little p>lor look$ d[n ^u ! wat]1 :i* _h made fri5ds ) its pa9t$ ceil+1 & be/[$ tremul\s gold5 smiles ^u x :5 ! sun %one40--,h[ells4 ,! clause "h is evid5tly n us$ to po9t out :i* wat] is meant1 b to tell some?+ fur!r ab\t ! wat]1 some?+ unnecess>y to ! tru? ( ! s5t5ce1 b valuable 9 giv+ ! read] a beautiful picture4 ,su* a clause is sometimes m]ely a def9ition or expansion ( a t]m already us$2 = example1 8,/yle1 :i* is ! peculi> mann] 9 :i* a writ] expresses 8 ?\ghts1 dep5ds to "s ext5t ^u ! age 9 :i* he lives40 ,introductory ,^w4--,! adjective clause1 be+ a dep5d5t proposition & modify+ a sub/antive1 ne$s "s ^w to indicate its subord9ation & jo9 x to its sub/antive4 ,?is ^w may be sev]al p>ts ( spee*4 #a4 ,a relative pron\n1--:o1 :i*1 t4 ,?is pron\n1 besides s]v+ z a connective1 is a necess>y elem5t ( ! clause4 ,x may be-- 7a7 ,subject ( ! v]b1--8,! nature ( 8 subject compell$ him to use _m words t w\ld h made ,qu9tilian />e & gasp40--,macaulay4 7b7 ,direct object ( a v]b1--8,s ,i _h arriv$ 9 ,v5ice1 & ,i _h felt ! influ5ce ( t complex spell :i* %e lays ^u ! /rang]40--,h[ells4 7c7 ,indirect object ( a v]b1--8,we mu/ be z c\rte\s to a man z we are to a picture1 :i* we are will+ to give ! advantage ( a good light40--,em]son4 7d7 ,object ( a preposition1--8,o!r m5 are l5ses ?r\gh :i* we read our own m9ds40--,em]son4 7e7 ,subjective complem5t1--8,he w nev] be ! h]o t 8 bro!r 040 7f7 ,possessive modifi]1--8,its memb]s are inflexible m51 ^: ability has be5 z frequ5tly manife/$ z _! patriotism40--,h[ells4 ,,note4--,to asc]ta9 ! use ( a relative pron\n 9 a clause1 sub/itute ! antec$5t = ! pron\n1 & obs]ve h[ ! antec$5t is us$4 ,sometimes ?is sub/itution requires a slight *ange 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! words ( ! clause4 ,= example1 9 7e7 above1 ! clause t 8 bro!r 0 becomes 8 bro!r 0 h]o4 ,t1 :5 us$ z object ( a preposition1 mu/ prec$e ! preposition2 z1 8,h y ev] he>d ! ,lady--! "o t ,i sit next to at ! table--say any?+ ab\t me80--,holmes4 ,t is frequ5tly omitt$ :5 object ( a v]b or preposition2 z1 8,"o ( ! %op w9d[s he paus$ be=e 0 t ( a second-h& book-%op40--,george ,eliot4 ,z & b are sometimes us$ z relative pron\ns2 ! =m] aft] su*1 same1 z _m1 & a few o!r expressions1 ! latt] aft] an int]rogative or negative antec$5t1 & z an equival5t ( ! relative t plus n2 z1 8,!re is no?+ born b has to die40 ,! relative pron\n z may be-- 7a7 ,subject ( a v]b1--8,i w5t up f ! cab9 foll[$ by z _m z c\ld m\nt ! gangway40 7b7 ,object ( a v]b1--8,*auc] has left u su* a picture ( contempor>y life z no man ev] pa9t$40--,l[ell4 7c7 ,object ( a preposition1--8,he 0 su* a s*oolboy z a disc]n+ ma/] delights 940--,mrs4 ,w>d4 7d7 ,subjective complem5t1--8,i %all probably nev] see j su* ano!r day z ye/]day 040--,burr\ghs4 ,,notes4--#a4 ,:5 z introduces an adjective clause1 ! v]b ( ! clause is frequ5tly omitt$2 z1 8,_! milit>y code bore ! same /]n features z _! o!r laws 7bore740--,prescott4 #b4 ,! use ( ! relative pron\n z aft] z _m has be5 ext5d$ s t we f9d x aft] z few1 z mu*1 z little2 z1 8,%e 0 done = & b\ght = t5 p\nds by ! l&lord ( ! ,drummond ,arms1 ,crieff1 :o _h be5 tak+ z mu* money out ( h]1 & putt+ z little corn into h]1 z 0 compatible ) life40--,dr4 ,john ,br[n4 #c4 ,! ^w su*1 :i* usually prec$es a n\n modifi$ by an z-clause1 may foll[ ! n\n in/ead2 z1 8,! walls did n fl[ or subside to ! valley 9 *>m+ curve-l9es1 su* z ,i h se5 9 ! wilde/ passes ( ! ,new ,engl& m\nta9s40--,k+4 ,in/ead ( transpos+ su*1 :i* w\ld alt] ! mean+ slightly1 we may say t x is a pronom9al 9 apposition ) curve-l9es & modifi$ by ! re/rictive adjective clause z ,i h se51 etc4 #b4 ,a conjunctive adv]b4--,?is is equival5t to a phrase consi/+ ( a preposition & a relative pron\n1 & is us$ int]*angeably ) su* a phrase4 ,its function 9 ! clause is ! same z t ( ! phrase1 t is1 x modifies ! v]b4 ,! commone/ ( ^! adv]bs are :5 7 9 :i* or on :i*71 :]e 7 9 :i* or on :i*71 :i!r 7 t[>d :i*71 :5ce 7 f :i*74 ,o!rs less us$ are :]e91 :]eon1 :]e(1 :]e?r\gh1 :]efrom1 :]e)1 :]eupon1 :]e=e1 :]eby1 :]eat4 ,= example1-- ,our works are ! mirrors :]e9 ! _s fir/ sees its natural l9eam5ts4--,c>lyle4 ,"s day y may rea* t "t :5 a man lives 9 great] "p = memory & by memory4--,lu%+ton4 ,yet all exp]i5ce is an ar* :]e?r\gh ,gleams t untravel$ _w ^: m>g9 fades ,=ev] & =ev] :5 ,i move4--,t5nyson4 #c4 ,! subord9at+ conjunction t4--,?is is (t5 us$ to introduce re/rictive clauses modify+ a ^w d5ot+ "t4 ,x is equival5t to a phrase l 9 :i*2 = example1 8,at la/ ! season comes t ! sixtie? m9ute is due40 ,?is connective is sometimes us$ in/ead ( :y aft] ! ^w reason4 ,x is frequ5tly omitt$2 z1 8,! in/ant he und]/ood my mean+1 he obey$40 ,:at ! ,adjective ,clause modifies4--,! adjective clause may modify a n\n us$ 9 any relation1 a p]sonal pron\n1 a pronom9al adjective1 or any o!r sub/antive4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( modify+ any s+le ^w1 x modifies ! ?\ght express$ by ! :ole ( ! prec$+ s5t5ce1 or by a portion ( x4 ,9 su* a case ! clause is introduc$ by ! relative pron\n :i*4 ,= example1 8,!y _h comport$ !mselves ) su* s+ul> wisdom & propriety t !y 7 nev] ei!r he>d or talk$ (1--:i*1 next to be+ univ]sally applaud$1 %\ld be ! object ( ambition ( all ages1 magi/rates1 & rul]s40--,irv+4 ,"h ! clause modifies t !y 7 nev] ei!r he>d or talk$ (4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--8,8 body 0 ( an oblong =m1 p>ticul>ly capaci\s at bottom2 :i* 0 wisely ord]$ by ,provid5ce1 see+ t he 0 a man ( s$5t>y habits1 & v av]se to ! idle labor ( walk+10 ! clause modifies all ( ! s5t5ce prec$+ x4 ,sometimes 9 s5t5ces ( ?is k9d ! ?\ght to be modifi$ by ! adjective clause is summ$ up 9 "o n\n :i* is us$ z a "p ( ! clause1 :ile ! relative pron\n :i* becomes a relative adjective modify+ ! n\n2 z1 8,9 #ahce1 ,longfell[ became ,pr(essor ( ,mod]n ,languages & ,belles ,lettres 9 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 :i* position he held = f\rte5 ye>s40 ,an adjective clause modify+ a :ole /atem5t is sometimes plac$ be=e t /atem5t in/ead ( aft] x4 ,! clause is !n usually introduc$ by ! pron\n :at2 z1 8,:at 0 worse1 he e week lo/ m & m by bad money40--,j]rold4 ,,note4--,! adjective clause may modify a n\n or pron\n 9 ! possessive case2 z1 8,! _w is 8 :o has money to g ov] x40--,em]son4 ,position ( ! ,adjective ,clause4--,usually x foll[s closely ! ^w x modifies1 b !re is a type ( s5t5ce 9 :i* ! clause modifies ! subject & yet comes next to ! subjective complem5t4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce is an example1--8,x 0 c(fee & n w9e t ,i drank40--,h[ells4 ,x is "h a p]sonal pron\n /&+ = bev]age & modifi$ by ! re/rictive adjective clause t ,i drank4 ,! s5t5ce means1--,! bev]age t ,i drank 0 c(fee & n w9e4 ,peculi> s5t5ces sometimes arise f ?is con/ruction2 = example1 8,x is only birds ( prey t fe> dang] f bel[ m ?an f above40 ,"h ! clause modifies ! subject x1 & ! s5t5ce transpos$ reads1 8,x t fe> dang] f bel[ m ?an f above is only birds ( prey40 ,?is s\nds ungrammatical1 b x is ! int]pretation ( ! orig9al s5t5ce4 ,9 reg>d to ! position ( ! connective1 x is commonly ! fir/ ^w 9 ! clause2 b :5 :o or :i* is object ( a preposition1 ! preposition leads1 & sometimes ! subject ( ! clause prec$es ! preposition & ! relative2 ?us1 8,! l>ge/ class ( vessels is ! full-rigg$ %ip1 ! di/9ctive m>k ( :i* is t x has ?ree ma/s1 all squ>e-rigg$40 ,?is arrangem5t ( words arises f ! objection t "s au?ors h to us+ ^: z ! possessive ( :i*4 ,if ^: 7 sub/itut$ = ( :i* 9 ! s5t5ce above1 ! clause w\ld read1 ^: di/9ctive m>k is1 etc4 ,sometimes ! antec$5t ( a relative pron\n is omitt$1 especially if x is a p]sonal pron\n2 ?us1 8,:o drove ,plant$ bo? feet ^u ! leap+ %>e ,to make ! furr[ deep40--,e4 ,arnold4 ,ex]cise #e ,select all adjective clauses 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell classification ( ea* clause1 :at x modifies1 its introductory ^w1 & use ( t ^w 7if any7 9 ! clause4 #a4 ,boy6 br+ to u ! di% ! l ( :i* is n f\nd among ! vi&s ( k+s4 #b4 ,h[ babies w poke ^? wond]ful little f+]s ( !irs into e hole & crack & crevice !y c get at4--,holmes4 #c4 ,:o t sees ! meanness ( our politics1 b inly congratulates ,wa%+ton t he is long already wrapp$ 9 8 %r\d1 & =ev] safe4--,em]son4 #d4 ,imm$iately ! small son ( ,%em ran (f into ! next room1 :5ce 8 voice 0 he>d 9 rapid *at4--,george ,eliot4 #e4 ,! p>ts & sails ( ! =ema/ & ma9ma/ ( a %ip be> ! same names z ^? ( ! brig4 #f4 ,i said ! o!r day t he _h good solid prejudices1 :i* is true1 & ,i l him none ! worse = x4--,holmes4 #g4 ,!y habitually ascrib$ e ev5t to ! w ( ! ,great ,be+1 = ^: p[] no?+ 0 too va/1 = ^: inspection no?+ 0 too m9ute4--,macaulay4 #h4 ,su* ( ^! holidays z relat$ to ! victories & pride ( ! ,republic naturally end$ ) h] fall4--,h[ells4 #i4 ,i live to le>n _! /ory ,:o suff]$ = my sake4--,banks4 #aj4 ,t5nyson began to write tales & v]se f ! "t t he c\ld use a p54 #aa4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 v dry l&1 ! p :]e( 7 9 sore ne$ ( wat]4--,bellamy4 #ab4 ,!y h rights :o d>e ma9ta9 !m4--,l[ell4 #ac4 ,! ,greek drama1 on ! model ( :i* ! ,samson 0 writt51 sprang f ! ,ode4--,macaulay4 #ad4 ,x is h>d to realize t our remote ance/ors 7 m]e b>b>ians1 :o by ! =ce ( numb]s ov]ran ! _w4--,"l4 #ae4 ,he pret5d$ to p\r out "s w9e1 & drank ! fir/ glass1 aft] :i* he p\r$ out ano!r = 8 gue/4 #af4 ,!re lies be=e y = y\r pleasure ! spectacle ( su* s+ul> beauty z no picture c ev] %[ y or book tell y4--,h[ells4 #ag4 ,:o goes t way mu/ take no o!r horse ,to ride1 b ,sleipnir1 ,od9's horse1 alone4--,m4 ,arnold4 #ah4 ,is !re no?+ y are acqua9t$ ) :i* !y 7cl\ds7 resemble8--,tyndall4 #ai4 ,is x d>k meat or :ite meat y w be help$ to8--,holmes4 #bj4 ,lady ,c>b]y happ5$ to be d[n at ! seaside1 :i!r my lett] _h be5 s5t aft] h]4--,de ,qu9cey4 #ba4 ,sev]al slaves in/antly appe>$1 :om he ord]$ to set out ! table & s]ve ! d9n]4 #bb4 ,! wild ?+1 ,liv+ or dead1 is 8 :o fet*$ x d[n4--,e4 ,arnold4 #bc4 ,dagu]re inv5t$ ! process ( tak+ dagu]reotypes ^u metallic plates1 :i* inv5tion soon develop$ into ! process ( tak+ photographs on pap]4 #bd4 ,n "o ( u1 h[ev] busy or h>d1 b once or twice 9 our lives has pass$ an ev5+ ) ,goldsmi?1 & und]gone ! *>m ( 8 delightful music4--,?ack]ay4 #be4 ,x's fai? 9 some?+ & en?usiasm = some?+ t makes life wor? look+ at4--,holmes4 #bf4 ,:o asks does err1 ,:o answ]s1 errs2 say naught4--,e4 ,arnold4 #bg4 ,x is ^? :o rema9 indoors1 !re=e1 :o are expos$ to ! utmo/ rigor ( ! w9t]4--,h[ells4 #bh4 ,soon ,/eph5 w5t d[n f ! ,hoe1 & return$ 9 ! direction :5ce he _h come4--,t4 ,h>dy4 #bi4 ,_m times ,i h come1 be>+ fl[]s su* z my g>d5 grew4--,holmes4 #cj4 ,:at is m rem>kable consid]+ 8 c5tury1 he is n by any means consummate or ev5 em95t z a pa9t] 9 words4--,sa9tsbury4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,analysis ,,( ,,simple1 ,,p>tially ,,comp\nd1 ,,& ,,complex ,,s5t5ces #a4 ,/udy ! s5t5ce z to numb] & k9d ( propositions1 to det]m9e :e!r x is simple1 p>tially comp\nd1 or complex4 ,det]m9e also :e!r x is decl>ative1 int]rogative1 or imp]ative4 ,"n x accord+ to bo? /ructure & =m4 ,if x has be5 r5d]$ exclamative1 /ate t fact4 #b4 ,if ! s5t5ce is simple1 sep>ate x into its two p>ts1 subject & pr$icate4 #c4 ,analyze ! subject2 t is1 sep>ate x into ! sub/antive us$ z base-^w & ! adjuncts ( t sub/antive4 #d4 ,analyze ! pr$icate2 t is1 sep>ate x into pr$icate v]b1 complem5t1 & modifi]s 7provid$ ! v]b has ^! adjuncts74 #e4 ,if ! complem5t is complex1 analyze x by sep>at+ x into base-^w & modifi]s4 ,,note4--,d n talk ab\t 8complete subject0 & 8simple subject10 nei!r 8logical pr$icate0 & 8grammatical pr$icate40 ,! subject is ! subject2 ! pr$icate is ! pr$icate4 ,t ends x4 #f4 ,if ! s5t5ce is complex1 conta9+ an adjective clause1 proce$ ! same z 9 ! analysis ( simple s5t5ces1 analyz+ ! clause la/4 #g4 ,:5 ! clause is giv5 z an adjunct ( "s n\n1 /ate :e!r x is re/rictive or unre/rictive1 & give its introductory ^w4 #h4 ,if any subject or pr$icate is p>tially comp\nd1 /ate t fact be=e analyz+ x4 ,always proce$ logically4 ,9 analyz+ ! s5t5ce1 8,! city editor laid a clipp+ f ! morn+ pap] on ! desk10 d n say t f ! morn+ pap] is a phrase modify+ clipp+4 ,say in/ead t clipp+ is modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase f ! morn+ pap]4 ,9 o!r words1 get new elem5ts by rea*+ out f elem5ts t y already h4 ,always proce$ f ! :ole to ! "p4 ,d n say t laid is complet$ by ! object clipp+1 = t is only "p ( ! object4 ,! object is a clipp+ f ! morn+ pap]4 ,aft] giv+ ?is z a unit1 or :ole1 sep>ate x into base-^w & modifi]s4 ,d n analyze a simple prepositional phrase l on ! desk4 ,x is a wa/e ( "t4 ,if ! phrase is complex1 t is1 conta9s a phrase1 l f ! morn+ pap] ( ,july fir/1 x %\ld be analyz$4 ,model = ,analysis ,! ,m]c$ ,yosemite 0 creat$ by ! action ( five imm5se glaci]s1 traces ( :i* /ill exi/ ^u e rock 9 ! valley4--,muir4 ,?is is a complex decl>ative s5t5ce4 ,! subject is ,! ,m]c$ ,yosemite4 ,! pr$icate is 0 creat$ by ! action ( five imm5se glaci]s1 traces ( :i* /ill exi/ ^u e rock 9 ! valley4 ,! base-^w ( ! subject is ! n\n ,yosemite2 x is modifi$ by ! adjective ,m]c$ & ! article !4 ,! pr$icate v]b is 0 creat$2 x is modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase by ! action ( five imm5se glaci]s1 traces ( :i* /ill exi/ ^u e rock 9 ! valley4 ,! base-^w ( ! object ( ! preposition by is action2 x is modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase ( five imm5se glaci]s1 traces ( :i* /ill exi/ ^u e rock 9 ! valley & by ! article !4 ,! base-^w ( ! object ( ! preposition ( is glaci]s2 x is modifi$ by ! adjectives imm5se & five1 & by ! unre/rictive adjective clause traces ( :i* /ill exi/ ^u e rock 9 ! valley2 ?is clause is introduc$ by ! relative pron\n :i*4 ,! subject ( ! clause is traces ( :i*4 ,! pr$icate is /ill exi/ ^u e rock 9 ! valley4 ,! base-^w ( ! subject is ! n\n traces4 ,x is modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase ( :i*4 ,! pr$icate v]b is exi/2 x is modifi$ by ! adv]b /ill & ! prepositional phrase ^u e rock 9 ! valley4 ,! base-^w ( ! object ( ! preposition ^u is rock2 x is modifi$ by ! adjective e & ! prepositional phrase 9 ! valley4 ,ex]cise #f ,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,if ! analysis is writt51 take pa9s to arrange x well on pap]4 ,divide x into p>agraphs4 ,ei!r und]l9e or enclose 9 quotation m>ks all words quot$ f ! s5t5ce4 ,use abbreviations4 ,d n write out elem5ts 9 full if !y consi/ ( m ?an two words4 ,in/ead write ! fir/ & la/ words ) a da% betwe5 !m4 #a4 ,fe> is a wond]ful goad to remorse4--,h4 ,h4 #b4 ,a "p ( ! citiz5s sec$$ f ! ma9 body1 & =m$ a sep>ate community on ! neighbor+ m>%es4--,prescott4 #c4 ,he is great :o conf]s ! mo/ b5efits4--,em]son4 #d4 ,aft] two h\rs' m>* ! cortege /opp$ at ! end ( ! quay1 :]e ! ,pr9ce de ,jo9ville _h /ation$ himself at ! head ( ! (fic]s ( ! ?ree ,fr5* %ips ( w>4--,?ack]ay4 #e4 ,h[ _m m5 & wom5 p]=m _! daily tasks f ! highe/ motives alone--= ! glory ( ,god & ! relief ( man's e/ate8--,c4 ,w4 ,eliot4 #f4 ,no "o is useless 9 ?is _w :o light5s ! burd5 ( x = ano!r4--,dick5s4 #g4 ,he lift$ 8 enorm\s e>s1 gave a %ort trumpet1 & = an in/ant wav]$ 9 8 det]m9ation :e!r to attack or fly4--,sir ,samuel ,bak]4 #h4 ,simplicity mu/ be ! fir/ elem5t ( lit]>y art4--,higg9son4 #i4 ,i t\*$ him on ! %\ld]1 at :i* he coll>$ me & ne>ly knock$ me d[n4--,miss ,mulock4 #aj4 ,^? 7 ! days :5 a man c\ld hold ?ree small liv+s1 />ve a curate apiece on two ( !m1 & live badly himself on ! ?ird4--,george ,eliot4 #aa4 ,a woman kept ! summ] s*ool1 %>p1 precise1 unsympa!tic1 ke5 & untir+4--,bee*]4 #ab4 ,i hold our actual k v *eap4--,em]son4 #ac4 ,!n saunt] d[n t t]race :5ce ! sea ,all fair ) w+-l sails y may disc]n4 --,jean ,+el[4 #ad4 ,man ha? no fate except pa/ days4--,e4 ,arnold4 #ae4 ,h[ few m5 9 all ! pride ( culture c emulate ! easy grace ( a bright woman's lett]6--,higg9son4 #af4 ,&1 :at is notable1 9 no "t :atev] c !y entirely eradicate out ( liv+ m5's he>ts a c]ta9 altoge!r peculi> rev]5ce = ,great ,m54--,c>lyle4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,sub/antive ,,clause ,function4--,! sub/antive clause is "o t p]=ms "s (fice ( a n\n4 ,x is n a m]e sub/itute = a n\n1 h[ev]1 us$ = ! sake ( v>iety4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is seldom possible to *ange a n\n clause to a n\n1 & j because !re is no equival5t n\n 9 ! language4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--8,i fe> t he w come10 x w\ld appe> at fir/ ?\ght t ! n\n clause1 t he w come1 might be *ang$ to 8 com+1 b ?is w\ld *ange ! mean+2 = ! clause implies t 8 com+ is n expect$ ) any c]ta9ty1 :ile ! expression 8 com+ implies t x is s expect$4 ,e "t1 9 fact1 t a n\n clause is us$1 x s]ves a di/9ct purpose1 & x is safe to assume t 9 a well-con/ruct$ s5t5ce no o!r elem5t w\ld answ] s well4 ,let u discov] "s ( ^! purposes4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,burr\ghs1--8,to :at ext5t ! birds or animals c =etell ! wea!r is unc]ta910 we h pr$icat$ some?+ n ( a p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c\ld be nam$ by a n\n1 b ( a ?\ght1 ! /atem5t ( t ?\ght tell+ u ( an ag5t & an activity p]=m$ by t ag5t4 ,h5ce1 by means ( ! n\n clause we c make pr$ications ( ?\ghts in/ead ( ?+s4 ,9 ! s5t5ces1-- 8,n[ "o codicil 9 my g5]al law ( fre$om _h be5 t my sev5te5? bir?day %\ld n f9d me at s*ool02 &1 8,! consequ5ce is1 t ! sev51 or n9e1 or f\rte5 l9es h a m>vell\s aptitude at knott+ !mselves up beyond ! rea* ( skill & pati5ce10--we are enabl$ by means ( n\n clauses to tell :at ! codicil & ! consequ5ces are4 ,we might give a g5]al def9ition ( su* n\ns by means ( o!r n\ns1 b to tell :at ?is special codicil & :at ?is special consequ5ce are !re is no o!r way ?an by ! use ( ! n\n clause4 ,h5ce1 by means ( ! n\n clause1 we c make c]ta9 pr$ications t c\ld be made 9 no o!r way4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1-- 8,:atev] ornam5ts %e we>s are ( massive gold10--we h made a pr$ication ( c]ta9 ornam5ts2 b in/ead ( enum]at+ !m 9 a long li/ we h designat$ !m by means ( a n\n clause1 brief b m compreh5sive ?an any li/ c\ld be4 ,h5ce1 a n\n clause may be us$ to designate ?+s :5 we h no names = !m1 or wi% to )hold ! names1 or f9d x awkw>d to use !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,uses ( ! ,sub/antive ,clause4--,z a s5t5ce-elem5t x has mo/ ( ! important uses ( ! n\n4 #a4 ,subject ( a v]b1--8,:at is true ( individual m5 is true also ( races40--,l[ell4 ,frequ5tly1 = ! sake ( a m pleas+ arrangem5t1 ! anticipative subject x is us$1 & ! real subject1 a n\n clause1 is plac$ aft] ! pr$icate1--8,x matt]s little :at virtues a man has1 if he is habitually inexact40 ,a common type ( s5t5ce1 simil> to ?is1 is "o 9 :i* ! anticipative subject is foll[$ by ! v]b is1 next by an adv]b1 or a phrase1 or a clause1 & !n by ! real subject2 = example1 8,x is *iefly ?r\gh books t we enjoy int]c\rse ) sup]ior m9ds40 ,if we say1 8,x is *iefly ?r\gh books10 ! "q at once arises1 8,:at is *iefly ?r\gh books80 ,! answ] is1 8! fact t we enjoy int]c\rse ) sup]ior m9ds40 ,transpos+ ! s5t5ce1 we h1--8,t we enjoy int]c\rse ) sup]ior m9ds is *iefly ?r\gh books10 ! v]b is be+ employ$ 9 ! s5se ( happ5s or is true4 ,,note4--,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces f ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son x is int]e/+ to obs]ve h[ su* a s5t5ce z ! "o j describ$ comes ab\t3 8,9 ! mid/ ( ?is ,babylon ,i f\nd myself a rally+ po9t2 e "o 0 anxi\s to be k9d & helpful to ! /rang]4 ,?is 0 n m]ely f ! natural hospitality ( m\nta9 p1 nor ev5 f ! surprise ) :i* ,i 0 reg>d$ z a man liv+ ( 8 own free w 9 ,le ,mona/i]1 :5 he might j z well h liv$ any:]e else 9 ?is big _w40 ,x is evid5t t ! pronom9al adjective ?is1 :i* is subject 9 ! second s5t5ce1 /&s = ! second proposition 9 ! prec$+ s5t5ce4 ,h[ easily might ! foll[+ s5t5ce h be5 made1--8,x 0 n m]ely f ! natural hospitality ( m\nta9 p t e "o 0 anxi\s to be k9d & helpful to ! /rang]40 ,?is type ( s5t5ce mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$ f "o giv5 9 ! lesson on adjective clauses2 = example1 8,x is ! univ]sal nature :i* gives wor? to p>ticul> m5 & ?+s40--,em]son4 #b4 ,object ( a v]b1--8,x is h>d to believe t we %all get any good f ex]cise proportionate to ! sacrifice ( "t40--,ham]ton4 ,?is is ! commone/ use ( ! n\n clause4 ,_m ( ! v]bs t take clauses = objects d5ote action ( ! s5ses1 ! m9d1 or ! emotions1--z feel1 see1 he>2 believe1 ?9k1 "k2 desire1 hope1 fe>4 ,! clause is v useful aft] su* v]bs1 = in/ance1 aft] see2 = besides see+ objects we see ^? objects p]=m+ actions or exi/+ 9 c]ta9 /ates1 & (t5 ! only way to tell ?is is by means ( ! n\n clause4 ,(t51 too1 x w\ld be impossible to p>ticul>ize :at we believe1 or ?9k1 or hope1 or imag9e1 or dream1 )\t ! aid ( a n\n clause4 ,:5 v]bs t take a direct & an indirect object are *ang$ to ! passive =m 9 su* a way t ! indirect object becomes subject1 we f9d ! direct object rema9+ aft] ! passive v]b4 ,active4--8,he told me t ! tide 0 ris+40 ,passive4--8,i 0 told t ! tide 0 ris+40 ,9 ! second s5t5ce ! clause is object ( ! v]b 0 told4 #c4 ,objective complem5t4--8,und]/&+1 t is1 equilibrium ( m9d1 intellectual good dige/ion1--?is ) unclogg$ bili>y ducts1 makes ! ,saxon m5tally & physically :at we call a v fix$ fact40--,l[ell4 ,"h ! clause helps to complete ! v]b makes & at ! same "t tells u some?+ ab\t ! direct object ,saxon4 #d4 ,object ( a preposition4--8,h[ utt]ly p[]less are our s5ses to take any measure or impression ( ! actual gr&eur ( :at we see40--,k+4 ,a n\n clause s us$ is n always at fir/ sight easily di/+ui%$ f an adjective clause ^: fir/ ^w is a preposition1 b !re are sev]al po9ts ( diff]5ce4 ,9 ! adjective clause ! preposition is a necess>y "p ( ! clause1 gov]n+ "s ^w 9 ! objective case1 & its position may be %ift$ to ! end ( ! clause4 ,! n\n clause us$ z object ( a preposition is g5]ally introduc$ by ! ^w :at1 :i* does n introduce adjective clauses4 ,! preposition gov]n+ a n\n clause is frequ5tly omitt$4 7a7 ,aft] ! adjectives aw>e1 c]ta91 glad1 sure1 positive1 etc41 especially :5 us$ z pr$icate adjectives1--8,:5 y saw a lad ) t book on ! desk be=e him1 y might be sure1 )\t ask+1 t he _h des]v$ ! ma/]'s approval 9 "s way40--,annie ,pre/on4 ,if a n\n 7 us$ in/ead ( a clause aft] sure1 x w\ld be introduc$ by a preposition2 b x is ,engli% usage to disp5se ) ! preposition :5 we use a clause1 ?\gh ! clause c]ta9ly answ]s ! same "q z ! n\n1 viz41 sure ( :at8 ,9 dispos+ ( a clause s us$1 say t x is br\ght 9 by ! adjective )\t ! help ( a preposition1 or supply ! preposition1 or supply ! phrase ( ! fact1 dispos+ ( ! clause z an appositive ( ! n\n fact4 7b7 ,aft] su* pr$icates z is det]m9$1 is conv9c$1 is resolv$1 etc4--8,i am conv9c$ t e spr+ a l>ge numb] ( birds :i* h surviv$ ! s\!rn campaign return to _! old haunts to bre$40--,burr\ghs4 7c7 ,aft] ! v]bs assure & w>n1--8,y v soon assure y\rself t su* spr+s are also f$ by ra940--,tyndall4 8,he imm$iately dis*>g$ two muskets into ! d>kness1 to w>n ! enemy t he knew ( _! pres5ce & int5tion40 7d7 ,aft] "s n\ns l d\bt1 assurance1 evid5ce1 etc4--8,cs> saw no evid5ce t ! gods practically int]f]$ 9 human affairs40--,fr\de4 #e4 ,9 apposition4--8,we look n to ! "q :e!r a man h or h n *ildr5 to be b5efit$ by ! education = :i* he pays40--,web/]4 ,"h ! clause makes def9ite ! ^w "q1 a n\n ( wide application4 ,we occasionally come across s5t5ces con/ruct$ l ! foll[+1--8,:at a man does1 t he has40--,em]son4 ,! mean+ is1--8,a man has :at he does10 ! n\n clause :at he does be+ object ( ! v]b has4 ,b 9 ! orig9al s5t5ce ! pronom9al t is object ( has1 & ?is indef9ite object is expla9$ by ! n\n clause :at a man does1 :i* is !re=e to be call$ an appositive4 ,su* an arrangem5t arises f a desire to make ! clause prom95t & also to hold ! ma9 ?\ght 9 susp5se until ! end ( ! s5t5ce4 #f4 ,subjective complem5t4--8,9 fact1 ! only diff]5ce betwe5 "o ( ^! ice /reams & an ord9>y riv] is1 t ! =m] moves v sl[ly40 99 99 99 99 99 ,introductory ,^w4--,! sub/antive clause may be introduc$ by-- #a4 ,! relative pron\ns1 :at1 :atev]1 :atsoev]1 :o1 :oev]1 :oso1 :osoev]1 :i*1 :i*ev]4 ,:5 introduc+ n\n clauses none ( ^! words h an antec$5t1 h5ce x might be m precise to call !m m]ely pron\ns4 ,_! (fice is m ?an an introductory "o1 = !y h a function )9 ! n\n clause1 j z relative pron\ns h )9 adjective clauses4--8,i wond]$ :o ! prie/ 0 t wore x40--,h[ells4 ,"h ! pron\n :o is ! subjective complem5t ( ! v]b 0 9 ! clause4 #b4 ,! adjectives :at1 :atev]1 :atsoev]1 :i*1 :i*ev]1 :i*soev]4 ,^! are indef9ite limit+ adjectives4--,tell me :at "t x is4 #c4 ,! words if1 t1 :e!r4 ,^! are ord9>ily subord9at+ conjunctions1 b :5 introduc+ n\n clauses !y %\ld n be consid]$ connectives at all2 = a subject does n ne$ to be connect$ to its pr$icate1 nor a complem5t to ! v]b x completes1 nor an appositive to ! n\n x expla9s4 ,^! introductory words s]ve r to put ! clause into %ape1 to make x appe> z a subord9ate "p ( ! s5t5ce4--8#8,i wond] if 8 he>t is any s(t]1' ?\ght ! ,fox40--,fr\de4 8,! tru? n[ fla%$ ^u me t my companion 0 a s*oolma/]40--,lamb4 ,! introductory t is sometimes und]/ood4--8,x is true all ?+s h two faces1 a light "o & a d>k40--,c>lyle4 ,:e!r usually takes or z a correlative1--8,*auc] did n wa/e "t 9 consid]+ :e!r 8 age 7 good or bad40--,l[ell4 #d4 ,conjunctive adv]bs1 l :]e1 :51 h[1 :y4 ,^! words always modify "s ^w 9 ! clause4--8,we ne$ n say h[ mu* we admire 8 public conduct40--,macaulay4 ,h[ modifies ! adv]b mu*4 #e4 ,b or b t1 be+ equival5t to t n4--8#8,:o kn[s b 9 ! end ,i may turn into a dog8' said ! ,fox40--,fr\de4 99 99 99 99 99 8,!re0 us$ z an ,anticipative ,subject4--,we h already spok5 ( ! anticipative subject x1 ^: (fice is to ?r[ ! real subject aft] ! pr$icate v]b4 ,ano!r ^w us$ 9 ! same way is !re2 = example1 8,!re is no good reason = a bad action40--,spurgeon4 ,?is ^w is n ! adv]b !re1 = x conveys no idea :atev]4 ,x does no?+ at all = ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ce1 z is %[n by our slight+ x 9 read+4 ,aft] ! anticipative subject !re ! real subject is almo/ always a n\n ) modifi]s1 b x may be a n\n clause2 = example1--8,no1 inde$1 !re is no wond] t ,god lov$ ! _w40--,phillips ,brooks4 ,! v]b 9 ^! s5t5ces is usually "s =m ( ! v]b be4 ,x is n ! copula s (t5 z x is ! complete intransitive v]b be1 mean+ exi/4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--8,!re are _m k9ds ( sea f[l t fe$ on fi% & build _! ne/s on ! sea coa/10 ! entire pr$icate is ! v]b are4 ,:5 ! v]b is a copula x is (t5 complet$ by a prepositional phrase d5ot+ an attribute ( ! subject4 ,= example1 8,!re is n a crevice 9 x :]e any?+ gre5 c lodge & gr[40--,k+4 ,"h ! pr$icate is is 9 x4 ,o!r intransitive v]bs are occasionally f\nd aft] !re1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,!re came to ! bea* a poor exile ( ,er940--,campbell4 ,ex]cise #g ,select n\n clauses 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 tell+ ! use ( ea*1 its introductory ^w1 & use ( t ^w 9 ! clause1 if x has any4 #a4 ,p are always *eat+ !mselves ) ! idea t !y w\ld d ?is or t desirable ?+1 if !y only _h "t4 #b4 ,my notion is t y %\ld let me g1 & give me a lamb or goose or two e mon?1 & !n ,i c\ld live )\t /eal+4--,fr\de4 #c4 ,he 0 desir\s t ! p %\ld ?9k = !mselves z well z tax !mselves4--,macaulay4 #d4 ,:atev] is wor? do+ at all is wor? do+ well4 #e4 ,i'm v c]ta9 !re 0 no?+ ab\t him t c\ld spoil4--,j]rold4 #f4 ,! ,rev]5d ,amos ,b>ton did n come to ,%epp]ton until long aft] ,mr4 ,gilfil _h dep>t$ ?is life4--,george ,eliot4 #g4 ,i ?9k x does n matt] j :5 ,i came to ,v5ice4--,h[ells4 #h4 ,we *>ge him ) hav+ brok5 8 coronation oa?2 & we are told t he kept 8 m>riage v[4--,macaulay4 #i4 ,! wor/ ( a mod]n /yli% mansion is1 t x has no place = gho/s4--,holmes4 #aj4 ,x is ) l5t money t all evil is ma9ly done1 & all unju/ w> protract$4--,rusk94 #aa4 ,! poor man humbly assur$ him t he meant no h>m1 b m]ely came !re 9 se>* ( "s ( 8 neighbors1 :o us$ to keep ab\t ! tav]n4--,irv+4 #ab4 ,i ne$ n say t 9 real s\nd /upidity ! ,engli% are unrival$4--,bagehot4 #ac4 ,:at 8 viol9s 7 to ,/radiv>ius1 & 8 fresco to ,leon>do1 & 8 campaigns to ,napoleon1 t 0 8 hi/ory to ,macaulay4--,trevelyan4 #ad4 ,x is by 8 poetry t ,milton is be/ kn[n2 & x is ( 8 poetry t we fir/ wi% to speak4--,macaulay4 #ae4 ,%all ,i c>e ab\t h[ !y criticise ! outside ( my life8--,phillips ,brooks4 #af4 ,! next half h\r1 at mo/1 w\ld decide ! "q ( :e!r he w\ld or w\ld n get up f 8 b$ & leave ! room4--,coll9s4 #ag4 ,s1 :at 0 cont5tm5t 9 ! slave became philan?ropy 9 ! emp]or4--,"l4 #ah4 ,!y %[$ no rev]5ce except t !y did n talk or laugh l\dly4--,besant4 #ai4 ,we are conv9c$ t ! measure 0 mo/ injuri\s to ! cause ( fre$om4--,macaulay4 #bj4 ,we mu/ n wond] t ! outside ( books is s diff]5t1 :5 ! inn] nature ( ^? = :om !y are writt5 is s *ang$4--,bagehot4 #ba4 ,n[1 :at puzzles me is1 t anybody1 old or "y1 %\ld =get ?is1--t ! pa? ( life leads to some?+4--,mung]4 #bb4 ,i c say to y :at ,i _c fir/ say to myself4--,em]son4 #bc4 ,!y 7 compell$ to *oose :e!r !y w\ld tru/ a tyrant or conqu] him4--,macaulay4 #bd4 ,! reason :y s few good books are writt5 is1 t s few p t c write "k any?+4--,bagehot4 #be4 ,m5 are :at _! mo!rs made !m4--,em]son4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,analysis ,,( ,,s5t5ces ,,conta9+ ,,n\n ,,clauses ,x is mo/ conv5i5t to analyze ! n\n clause la/1 ev5 if x is ! subject ( ! s5t5ce4 ,z soon z ! clause is m5tion$1 h[ev]1 z a s5t5ce-elem5t1 its introductory ^w %\ld be giv54 ,clauses )9 ! n\n clause %\ld be dispos$ ( aft] ! re/ ( ! n\n clause has be5 analyz$4 ,a direct quotation is frequ5tly introduc$ into a s5t5ce to fulfill ! (fice ( a n\n clause4 ,9 /ructure & =m x is l an indep5d5t proposition1 b 9 function x is subord9ate2 = example1 8,! fir/ & la/ & close/ trial "q to any liv+ creature is1 8,:at d y l80--,rusk94 ,notice t ?is s5t5ce is decl>ative ?\gh ! quotation is int]rogative4 ,ex]cise #h ,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,:oev] has common s5se & a s\nd he>t has ! p[] by :i* ,:itti] may be appreciat$4--,masson4 #b4 ,x is rem>kable h[ closely ! hi/ory ( ! apple-tree is connect$ ) t ( man4--,?oreau4 #c4 ,we 7 welcom$ to a ,highl&]'s home & told :]e we c\ld fi% to advantage f ?ree o'clock till d>k4--,bolles4 #d4 ,! ann\ncem5t t = c5turies ! tropical =e/s ( ,c5tral ,am]ica h hidd5 )9 _! tangl$ gr[? ! ru9$ homes & temples ( a pa/ race1 /irs ! civiliz$ _w ) a /range1 deep wond]4--,agassiz4 #e4 ,i 0 q det]m9$ t ! old set ( s+]s %\ld be dismiss$4--,george ,eliot4 #f4 ,x 0 )9 ! d+y walls ( ?is little pot5tate's imp]ial palace t ,i *ose my c\ntry resid5ce4--,longfell[4 #g4 ,univ]sal ,hi/ory1 ! hi/ory ( :at man has accompli%$ 9 ?is _w1 is at bottom ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,great ,m5 :o h work$ "h4--,c>lyle4 #h4 ,! "q ( common-s5se is always1 :at is x good =8--a "q :i* w\ld aboli% ! rose & be answ]$ triumphantly by ! cabbage4--,l[ell4 #i4 ,:oev] has made a voyage up ! ,hudson mu/ rememb] ! ,kaatskill m\nta9s4--,irv+4 #aj4 ,i am told t "o ( ! mo/ reliable wea!r signs !y h d[n 9 ,texas is af=d$ by ! ants4--,burr\ghs4 #aa4 8,x is only ! love ( all humanity t c keep f bitt]ness10 said ,brian4 #ab4 ,i left my own g>d5 ye/]day1 & w5t ov] to :]e ,polly 0 gett+ ! we$s out ( "o ( h] fl[]-b$s4--,w>n]4 #ac4 8,n[ tread we a measure60 said "y ,lo*9v>4--,scott4 #ad4 ,:oev] allies himself ) ,god is arm$ ) all ! =ces ( ! invisible _w4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #ae4 ,boom is n a nice place1 & is only rem>kable = "o ?+3 t ! majority ( ! inhabitants h a private op9ion t !y c speak ,engli%1 :i* is n ju/ifi$ by fact4--,/ev5son4 #af4 ,i d n d\bt b t _m ( y came unwill+ly to-night4--,rusk94 #ag4 ,) nature & ,god "o law is inexorable--he :o disuses or misuses a faculty mu/ lose x4--,hillis4 #ah4 ,x is by little ?+s t we "k ourselves4--,holmes4 #ai4 ,i felt 9 e fibre t ?is woodman inv>iably *eat$ me 9 measurem5t4--,h[ells4 #bj4 8,h[ happy10 exclaim$ ?is *ild ( air1 8,are ! holy spirits :o w&] !re1 ,mid fl[]s t nev] %all fade or fall60--,moore4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,adv]bial ,,clause ,,( ,,"t ,function4--,all actions or ev5ts c be ref]r$ to "s "t--pa/1 pres5t1 or future4 ,frequ5tly ! :ole significance ( an ev5t dep5ds ^u ei!r ! "t ( its occurr5ce or its duration2 h5ce x is (t5 desirable & sometimes necess>y to tell ! "t :5 an action takes place or /ate ! p]iod ( its cont9uance4 ,we may d ?is by means ( s+le words1 l !n1 n[1 tomorr[1 =ev]1 or by phrases1 l a long "t ago1 at ! pres5t day1 be=e supp]1 till ! end ( ! _w4 ,frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 we wi% to fix ! "t ( "o activity ) relation to ! "t ( "s o!r activity4 ,to d ?is we usually employ a proposition 9 ! =m ( a temporal clause2 = example1 8,! ,briti% soldi] trembles ,:5 ,m>ion's "n is told40--,bryant4 ,"h ! action ( trembl+ is said to take place at ! "t ( ano!r action1 ! tell+ ( ,m>ion's "n4 ,notice t f ?is s5t5ce we get d\ble in=mation1 7#a7 t two actions occur simultane\sly1 7#b7 t "o is ! cause ( ! o!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,introductory ,^w4--,all "t clauses are introduc$ by "s ^w :i* 9 itself d5otes "t1 & :i* is *os5 because ( ! special mean+ atta*$ to x4 ,?is ^w subord9ates ! clause to ! pr9cipal proposition1 & connects x to t "p ( ! pr9cipal proposition :i* ! clause modifies4 ,mo/ gramm>ians say t ?is connective is a conjunctive adv]b1 & t x n only connects ! two propositions b also modifies ! v]b 9 ! clause4 ,to u its grammatical (fice seems to be t ( a m]e connective1 h5ce we call x a subord9at+ conjunction ( "t4 ,! sev]al conjunctions ( ?is class c be/ be /udi$ 9 s5t5ces conta9+ !m4 #a4 8,:5 a prison] fir/ leaves 8 cell1 he _c be> ! light ( day40--,macaulay4 ,"h :5 is *os5 9 ord] t ! s5t5ce may signify t ! two actions occur at ! same "t4 ,!n 9 ! pr9cipal proposition is sometimes us$ z a correlative ( :5 9 ! clause4 ,!n is n a necess>y ^w1 b if ! clause is long1 !n is useful 9 in=m+ ! read] t ! pr9cipal proposition is ab\t to beg94 #b4 8,man %\ld =get 8 ang] be=e he lies d[n to sleep40--,de ,qu9cey4 ,be=e 7sometimes ere7 makes a s5t5ce signify t ! ma9 action occurs 9 "t previ\s to ! "t ( ! action express$ 9 ! clause4 #c4 8,aft] ,i _h le>n$ to r[ 9 ! gondoli] fa%ion1 ,i voyag$ mu* 9 ! lagoon ) my boat40--,h[ells4 ,aft] makes ! s5t5ce signify t ! ma9 action occurr$ lat] ?an ! action 9 ! clause4 ,s5t5ces 9 :i* temporal clauses are introduc$ by :51 be=e1 ere1 or aft]1 only e/abli% = u ! prop] relation betwe5 two po9ts ( "t2 viz41 t "o po9t co9cides ) ano!r1 is antec$5t to x1 or subsequ5t to x4 ,if we wi% to d5ote ! duration ( a /ate or an activity1 we introduce ! temporal clause by :ile1 s9ce1 till1 or until4 #d4 8,:ile !y sat at d9n]1 a great fire ( sunset spread ov] ! we/40--,black4 ,:ile signifies dur+ ! "t t4 #e4 8,s9ce y 7 at ,oulton1 my wife has be5 gr[+ worse & worse 9 heal?1 & m & m ecc5tric & crot*ety40--,%or?\se4 ,s9ce signifies f ! "t t4 #f4 8,till m5 h be5 "s "t free1 !y "k n h[ to use _! fre$om40--,macaulay4 ,till signifies up to ! "t t4 #g4 ,if we wi% to be exact ab\t ! "t t some?+ beg9s1 we introduce ! temporal clause by ! phrase z soon z1 or soon z1 :i* phrase may be consid]$ "o connective1--8,z soon z x is conv5i5t to y1 ,i %all be glad = y to leave ?is sombre place40--,%or?\se4 #h4 ,z is frequ5tly us$ ei!r = :5 or = :ile4 8,! boat _h t\*$ ! silv] /r&1 ,j z ! hunt] left 8 /&40--,scott4 #i4 ,if we wi% to /ate exactly :5 some?+ ends1 we introduce ! temporal clause by z long z1 or s long z1--8,s long z m5 _h sl5d] means1 :e!r ( keep+ out cold or *eckmat+ x ) artificial heat1 ,w9t] 0 an unwelcome gue/1 especially 9 ! c\ntry40--,l[ell4 #aj4 ,:5ev] means at any "t t1-- 8,yet :5ev] ,i cross ! riv]1 ,on its bridge ) wood5 pi]s1 ,l ! odor ( br9e f ! ocean ,comes ! ?\ght ( o!r ye>s40--,longfell[4 #aa4 ,clauses introduc$ by n[ t d5ote bo? "t & cause1 & x is (t5 difficult to det]m9e :i* ( ! two ideas is m prom95t4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--8,:at d y ?9k ( y\r home n[ t y see x80--,black1 !re is c]ta9ly m ( "t ?an ( cause1 = if ! v]b 9 ! pr9cipal proposition 7 *ang$ f ! pres5t t5se to ei!r pa/ or future1 :5 w\ld be sub/itut$ = n[ t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at ! ,"t ,clause modifies4--,s9ce we use a "t clause to tell 7#a7 :5 a /ate exi/s or :5 an activity is p]=m$1 7#b7 ! duration ( an activity or a /ate1 x is cle> t ! clause modifies a ^w d5ot+ /ate or action1 namely1 a v]b4 ,usually x modifies a pr$icate v]b1 b x may modify ! v]bals1 ei!r inf9itives or p>ticiples4 ,x mu/ be not$ "h t modifi]s v>y 9 _! clos5ess to ! ^w modifi$2 & !re=e 9 analyz+ s5t5ces modifi]s %\ld be giv51 n 9 ! ord] ( _! position1 b 9 ! ord] ( _! clos5ess4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--8,"o night1 %ortly aft] ! colde/ wea!r set 91 he lo/ 8 o> z he 0 return+ to ! isl&10 ! v]b lo/ is modifi$ by ?ree elem5ts d5ot+ "t1 7#a7 z he 0 return+ to ! isl&1 7#b7 "o night1 7#c7 %ortly aft] ! colde/ wea!r set 94 ,,note4--,9 ! s5t5ce j quot$1 ! connective aft] is prec$$ by ! adv]b %ortly1 :i* is put into ! s5t5ce to tell h[ long aft] ! colde/ wea!r set 91 h5ce x is a modifi] ( ! :ole clause4 ,o!r adv]bial clauses ?an ^? ( "t may be modifi$ 9 ?is way2 = example1 ,! ,puritans esp\s$ ! cause ( civil lib]ty ma9ly because x 0 ! cause ( religion4 ,x is int]e/+ & in/ructive to note t o!r ideas may be associat$ ) t ( "t 9 a temporal clause4 ,a clause introduc$ by until sometimes d5otes result z well z "t4--8,skirts grew m & m bulb\s until x did n ne$ m ?an ?ree or f\r wom5 to make a good-siz$ assembly40--,w>n]4 ,a clause introduc$ by s9ce may d5ote "t & cause4--8,s9ce ,i h begun to exam9e ^! expressive little brutes1 ,i h made _m pr(\nd obs]vations40--,h4 ,james4 ,a clause introduc$ by :5 may d5ote "t & condition4--8,:5 ! eyes say "o ?+ & ! tongue ano!r1 a practic$ man relies on ! language ( ! fir/40--,em]son4 ,ex]cise #i ,select temporal clauses 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 tell+ :at ea* clause modifies & :at x d5otes1 also its connective4 #a4 ,h]o wor%ip endures =ev] :ile man endures4--,c>lyle4 #b4 ,almo/ z soon z ,i ent]$ ! h\se1 ,i s+l$ y out z ! companion ( my future life4--,jane ,au/54 #c4 ,:5 ! ne$ ( su* an in/itution z ,feudalism no long] exi/$1 !n x 0 brok5 up4--,"l4 #d4 ,book 9 h&1 he foll[$ ! s]vice ) "o eye1 :ile he admoni%$ p]petually ! boys to keep /ill & to li/54--,besant4 #e4 ,x absolutely />tles me n[ he is 9 my m9d1 to f9d h[ pla9ly ,i see him4--,coll9s4 #f4 ,_! "y m5 cut nei!r hair nor be>d till !y _h sla9 an enemy4--,motley4 #g4 ,we two _h be5 s9ce morn ,began h] t5d] tunes to beat ,^u ! ,may leaves "y & sweet1 ,toge!r1 plant+ corn4--,alice ,c>y4 #h4 ,life is n always h>d1 ev5 aft] backs gr[ b5t4--,b>rie4 #i4 ,respect = woman 0 born 9 ! ,g]man =e/s be=e ! ,roman empire fell4--,"l4 #aj4 ,z ! day advanc$1 ! w9d ve]$ r\nd to ! nor?-ea/ & settl$ itself d[n to "w4--,aldri*4 #aa4 ,:5 y've got a man ?or\ghly civiliz$ y _c d any?+ m ) him4--,w>n]4 #ab4 ,n[ t h] fa!r 0 tak5 f h]1 %e ne/l$ to ,graham1 & seem$ to feel by 8 feel+s1 to exi/ 9 8 exi/5ce4--,bront4 #ac4 ,ev5 :5 !y fail !y are entitl$ to praise4--,macaulay4 #ad4 ,! h\se keep] wait$ until ! sobs *ang$ to ! regul> brea?+ ( sleep be=e %e /ole out4--,kipl+4 #ae4 ,until a man c truly enjoy a draught ( cle> wat] bubbl+ f a m\nta9-side1 8 ta/e is 9 an un:olesome /ate4--,f4 ,h>rison4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,adv]bial ,,clause ,,( ,,place ,function4--,j z all ev5ts occur at "s "t1 s d !y also occur 9 "s place4 ,we h n _m adv]bs ( place 9 ,engli%1 & few ( ^! are v def9ite2 = example1 "h1 !re1 yond]1 some:]e1 any:]e1 hi!r1 ?i!r1 up1 d[n1 94 ,h5ce we usually tell place by means ( prepositional phrases1 & we h _m prepositions ( place1 su* z above1 across1 along1 amid1 among1 ar\nd1 at1 be=e1 beh9d1 bel[1 b5ea?1 beside1 betwe51 beyond1 91 on1 ov]1 up4 ,! value ( ! prepositional phrase d5ot+ place is se5 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,longfell[1 :i* conta9s ?ree su* phrases3 8,x /ood ^u ! br9k ( a little glassy pool ^: tranquil bosom 0 ! image ( a quiet & seclud$ life1 & /ret*$ its p>5tal arms ov] a ru/ic b5* t _h be5 con/ruct$ b5ea? x = ! accommodation ( ! foot travel]1 or1 p]*ance1 "s idle dream] l myself40 ,b ! prepositional phrase w n always s]ve our turn1 = sometimes we wi% to d5ote a c]ta9 place by tell+ :at happ5s !re1 & to d ?is x is usually be/ to employ a proposition4 ,?is gives rise to ! adv]bial local clause4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,l[ell1-- 8,:]e today ! m>tyr /&s1 ,on ! morr[ cr\*es ,judas ) ! silv] 9 8 h&s10 9 ord] to tell ! place :]e ,judas cr\*es1 ! poet tells :at happ5s 9 t place1 namely1 t x is ! place :]e today ! m>tyr /&s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,introductory ,^w4--,! local clause is introduc$ by ! subord9at+ conjunctions ( place1 :]e1 :]ev]1 :5ce1 :i!r1 :5cesoev]1 :i!rsoev]4 ,:i!r conveys ! idea ( action go+ t[>d a place1 & :5ce ( action proce$+ f a place4 ,^! two conjunctions & _! comp\nds z well are n (t5 us$ by mod]n writ]s4 ,:]ev] means 9 any place2 z1 8,:]ev] ! ,anglo-,saxon race goes1 !re law1 indu/ry1 & safety = life & prop]ty are c]ta9 to arise40--,dick5s4 ,j z :5 9 a temporal clause (t5 takes ! correlative !n1 s :]e or :]ev] 9 a local clause is (t5 accompani$ by !re 9 ! pr9cipal proposition1 z 9 ! s5t5ce j quot$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,peculi>ities ( ! ,local ,clause4--,(t5 a local clause d5otes condition z well z place2 = example1 8,:]ev] money is ! pr9cipal object ( life ) ei!r man or nation1 x is bo? got ill & sp5t ill40--,rusk94 ,sometimes ! idea ( "t exi/s along ) t ( place2 = example1 8,:]e "o p]son is really int]e/$ by music1 tw5ty are pleas$ by good read+40--,h>t4 ,! adv]bial clause ( place is n common1 & yet we frequ5tly meet clauses introduc$ by :]e1 :5ce1 etc4 ,mo/ ( ^! are adjective clauses1 & z su* !y h two uses1 z may be se5 9 ! foll[+ typical s5t5ces3 7#a7 8,be+ newly f a l& :]e ev]y?+1 morally & mat]ially1 0 9 good repair1 ,i riot$ s5tim5tally on ! picturesque ru91 ! pleasant discom=t & hopelessness ( ev]y?+ ab\t me "h40--,h[ells4 ,! clause "h is re/rictive1 us$ to po9t out a c]ta9 l&1 & :]e is equival5t to 9 :i*4 7#b7 8,dr4 ,liv+/one1 a ,scot*man1 sp5t _m ye>s 9 explor+ ,c5tral ,africa1 :]e he f9ally p]i%$40--,"h ! clause is equival5t 9 mean+ to an indep5d5t proposition1 :]e mean+ & !re1 b nev]!less x has ! /ructure ( a dep5d5t proposition4 ,ex]cise #aj ,select local clauses 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 tell+ :at ea* clause modifies1 :at x d5otes1 & its connective3 #a4 ,we knew t we 7 /&+ at a "t ( high & palmy prosp]ity1 :]e he _h /ood 9 ! h\r ( utmo/ p]il2 t we saw no?+ b lib]ty & security :]e he _h met ! fr[n ( p[]2 t we 7 enjoy+ ev]y?+ :]e he _h haz>d$ ev]y?+4--,web/]4 #b4 ,:]e'er a human he>t do? we> ,joy's myrtle wrea? or sorr['s gyves1 ,:]e'er a human _s /rives ,aft] a life m true & fair1 ,!re is ! true man's bir?place gr&4--,l[ell4 #c4 ,desc5d+1 ,i w5t w&]+ :i!r *ance might lead1 9 a /ill ec/asy ( fre$om & enjoym5t4--,bront4 #d4 ,:]esoev] a ?9k] appe>$1 !re 9 ! ?+ he ?\ght ( 0 a contribution1 accession1 a *ange or revolution made4--,c>lyle4 #e4 ,:]e boat conveyance along riv]s c\ld n be _h1 pack-horses & mules 7 resort$ to = ! transportation ( m]*&ise4--,drap]4 #f4 ,coal is ! means ( transport+ itself :i!rsoev] x is want$4--,em]son4 #g4 ,h5dry _h a way ( resum+ ! conv]sation :]e he _h left (f ! night be=e4--,b>rie4 #h4 ,he 0 a soldi] ( =tune1 & _h f\ght :]ev] ! ,roman eagles flew4--,motley4 #i4 ,he disc]n$ h] n !re :]e %e /ood4--,c>lyle4 #aj4 ,beg9n+ :]e x empties itself into ! sea1 & foll[+ x backw>ds1 we f9d x f "t to "t jo9$ by tribut>ies :i* swell its wat]s4--,tyndall4 #aa4 ,:]e !re is no hone/ pov]ty1 :]e education is diffus$ & political intellig5ce is common1 x is easy = ! mass ( ! p to elect a fair legislature4--,bagehot4 #ab4 ,:y did we /ay "h1 :]e !re is no %elt] & no an*orage8--,black4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,adv]bial ,,clause ,,( ,,mann] ,function4--,a common "q 9 reg>d to activities is h[8 ,?is is (t5e/ answ]$ by means ( an adv]b or a prepositional phrase2 z1 sew neatly1 /udy dilig5tly1 g ) dispat*4 ,b x is to be notic$ t ^! elem5ts tell h[ 9 an absolute way ) no ref]5ce to a fix$ /&>d1 & are capable ( _m degrees ( int]pretation1 = p's notions ( neatness1 dilig5ce1 & dispat* diff]4 ,adv]bs & prepositional phrases are unsatisfactory 9 ano!r respect also2--! mann] ( an action c seldom be *>act]iz$ by "o t]m1 s unless we wi% to call att5tion to only "o *>act]i/ic1 we mu/ employ sev]al t]ms1 or leave ! action incompletely describ$4 ,b if we use a clause we may tell exactly h[ an action is p]=m$ by comp>+ x ) "s o!r action famili> & und]/ood1 :i* x m or less precisely resembles2 = example1 8,s+ out1 *ildr51 z ! little ?ru%es d40--,mrs4 ,br[n+4 ,"h ! clause conveys "o cle> & def9ite impression to all :o h he>d ! ?ru%es s+1 an impression t x w\ld take a :ole li/ ( adv]bs to convey1 l sweetly1 joyfully1 ?rill+ly1 spontane\sly2 b h[ l a catalogue ^! s\nd1 & h[ little !y appeal to ! imag9ation4 ,frequ5tly a m5tal action1 an action ( ! emotions or ( ! w1 or some?+ else n imm$iately intelligible1 is made cle> by comp>+ x ) some?+ mat]ial1 some?+ evid5t to ! s5ses4 ,9 su* s5t5ces we f9d ! famili> figure ( spee* call$ simile2 ?us1 8,poetry produces an illusion on ! eye ( ! m9d1 z a magic lant]n produces an illusion on ! eye ( ! body40--,macaulay4 ,"h ! clause ( mann] modifies ! entire pr$icate ( ! pr9cipal proposition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,introductory ,^w4--,! ord9>y connective ( ! modal clause is ! subord9at+ conjunction z1 ?\gh its place is sometimes tak5 by z if or z ?\gh1 bo? ( :i* expressions x is be/ to consid] "o conjunction4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! maid5 paus$ z if aga9 ,%e ?\ght to cat* t di/ant /ra910 ! clause conveys an idea ( purpose 9 ! maid5's paus+ z well z an idea ( mann]4 ,?is clause may be exp&$ to read z %e w\ld pause if aga9 %e ?\ght to cat* t di/ant /ra91 :]e ! clause ( mann] conta9s a clause ( condition4 ,a clause introduc$ by z ?\gh _c be s exp&$4 8,i w inve/ y\r money z ?\gh x 7 my own10 _c be made to read--8,i w inve/ y\r money z ,i w\ld inve/ x ?\gh x 7 my own40 ,?is is pro( t ! clause has be5 ?\ght ( only z a clause ( mann]1 & z ?\gh z only "o connective4 ,notice t :5 a modal clause is introduc$ by z if or z ?\gh1 ! action or /ate 9 ! clause is repres5t$ n z real b only z assum$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! ,modal ,clause4--,! usual position ( a clause ( mann] is aft] ! pr$icate x modifies1 b sometimes x prec$es ! pr9cipal proposition & is made emphatic by ! adv]b j1 ev51 or precisely1 us$ z a clause modifi]2 ?us1 8,j z we e/imate ! importance ( a riv]--n by its l5g? nor by its bread?1 b by ! am\nt ( wat] x contributes to ! ocean--s we e/imate ! size ( a city by ! numb] ( p x conta9s40 ,:5 ! clause is long & comes fir/1 ! pr9cipal proposition is (t5 introduc$ by s1 a correlative ( z 9 ! clause2 z 9 ! example above4 ,ex]cise #aa ,select ! adv]bial clauses ( mann]1 tell+ :at ea* clause modifies1 & its connective4 #a4 ,^! poems diff] f o!rs z att> ( roses diff]s f ord9>y rose-wat]4--,macaulay4 #b4 ,! begg>s & ! wret*$] poor keep !mselves w>m1 ,i ?9k1 by sultry recollections ( summ]1 z ,don ,quixote propos$ to subsi/ ^u savory remembrances1 dur+ "o ( 8 p]iods ( fa/4--,h[ells4 #c4 ,! />s all seem$ bright] ?an usual1 z if ! w9d blew !m up l burn+ coals4--,burr\ghs4 #d4 ,& ev] ) ! ye>s ,wax$ ?is compassionat5ess ( our ,"l ,ev5 z a great tree gr[s f two s(t leaves1 ,to spread its %ade af>4--,e4 ,arnold4 #e4 ,& z ! piety ( ,noah c\ld n save ! ant$iluvian empires1 z ! fai? ( ,abraham c\ld n conv]t idolatr\s nations1 z ! wisdom ( ,moses c\ld n prev5t ! s5sualism ( emancipat$ slaves1 s ! l(ty philosophy ( ,aurelius c\ld n save ! empire :i* he rul$4--,"l4 #f4 ,! =eign m]*ants1 manufactur]s1 & artisans fl$ f h] gates z if ! plague 7 rag+ )9 !m4--,motley4 #g4 ,! ,creole neighbors ru%$ b>ehead$ into ! middle ( ! /reet1 z ?\gh !re 7 an e>?quake or a *imney on fire4--,cable4 #h4 ,=1 z !re is a curiosity ab\t intellectual matt]s :i* is futile & m]ely a disease1 s !re is c]ta9ly a curiosity :i* is1 9 an intellig5t be+1 natural & laudable4--,m4 ,arnold4 #i4 ,dislike at fir/ sight is m common ?an love1 z discord is m common ?an h>mony4--,a4 ,s4 ,h>dy4 #aj4 ,! w has great ?\gh indirect p[] ov] ! ta/e1 j z x has ov] ! belief4--,bagehot4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,analysis ,,( ,,s5t5ces ,we are n[ ready to analyze s5t5ces conta9+ adjective clauses1 n\n clauses1 & adv]bial clauses ( "t1 place1 & mann]4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t !re is a clause )9 a clause4 ,! fir/ clause is !n to be treat$ z if x 7 a complex s5t5ce1 & ! second clause analyz$ :5 ! re/ ( ! fir/ clause has be5 dispos$ (4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--8,he felt z if he w\ld l to /ay till e %ip t _h sail$ out ( ,mont]ey 9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s _h return$10 ! pr$icate conta9s a clause ( mann] introduc$ by z if & ext5d+ to ! end ( ! s5t5ce4 ,9 ?is modal clause ! inf9itive to /ay is modifi$ by a temporal clause introduc$ by till & ext5d+ to ! end ( ! s5t5ce4 ,9 ?is temporal clause ! base-^w ( ! subject1 %ip1 is modifi$ by ! re/rictive adjective clause introduc$ by ! relative pron\n t & ext5d+ ?r\gh ! ^w ye>s4 ,s we h an adjective clause )9 a temporal clause :i* is )9 a modal clause4 ,ex]cise #ab ,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,aga9 ,?or /ruck1 s soon z ,skrymir aga9 slept4--,c>lyle4 #b4 ,we'll g :]e on ! rocky isles ,h] eggs ! scream+ sea f[l piles ,beside ! pebbly %ore4--,bryant4 #c4 ,:]e'er ! impati5t ,switz]s gaz$1 ,! unbrok5 l9e ( lances blaz$4--,montgom]y4 #d4 ,! poetry ( ,milton diff]s f t ( ,dante1 z ! hi]oglyphics ( ,egypt diff]$ f ! picture-writ+ ( ,mexico4--,macaulay4 #e4 ,natural tal5t & g5ius tell 9 elocution1 z !y d 9 ! o!r arts4 #f4 ,sev5ty ye>s elaps$ be=e ! papacy 0 re/or$ to ! ,et]nal ,city4--,drap]4 #g4 ,no in/rum5t ( man's devis+ c rea* ! he>t z does t mo/ wond]ful in/rum5t1 ! human voice4--,h>t4 #h4 ,b soon a fun]al hymn 0 he>d ,:]e ! s(t brea? ( ev5+ /irr$ ,! tall1 gray =e/4--,longfell[4 #i4 ,ev] s9ce ,mr4 ,hob>t's 8elev5 & a bit0 0 left on ! kit*5 b$1 ,jess _h hung]$ = a cloak ) beads4--,b>rie4 #aj4 ,i 0 com+ 91 "o summ] night1 f a long walk 9 ! c\ntry1 :5 ,i met ?is app>ition at ! city gate4--,h4 ,james4 #aa4 ,p take _! lit]ature 9 morsels1 z !y take s&wi*es on a j\rney4--,bagehot4 #ab4 ,sc>cely 0 ! artill]y got into position :5 a rapid fire 0 op5$ on x f ! t[]4 #ac4 ,z ,v5ice 9 w9t] is ! dre>ie/ & gloomie/ place 9 ! _w1 s 9 spr+ x is ! fulle/ ( joy & light4--,h[ells4 #ad4 ,:]e population is sp>se1 discussion is difficult4 #ae4 ,^! newspap] fell[s are half asleep :5 !y make up _! reports at two or ?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & fill out ! spee*es to suit !mselves4--,holmes4 #af4 ,! ,g]man built 8 solit>y hut :]e incl9ation prompt$4--,motley4 #ag4 ,b :5 ! old ca!dral bell ,proclaim$ ! morn+ pray]1 ,! :ite pavilions rose & fell ,on ! al>md air4--,longfell[4 #ah4 ,h[ f9e a ?+ x w\ld be if all ! faculties ( ! m9d c\ld be tra9$ = ! battles ( life z a mod]n nation makes e man a soldi]4--,j4 ,l4 ,all54 #ai4 ,we wi% t :osoev]1 9 all com+ "t1 %all turn 8 eye hi!r1 may behold t ! place is n undi/+ui%$1 :]e ! fir/ great battle ( ! ,revolution 0 f\ght4--,web/]4 #bj4 ,z an oak pr(its by ! =egone lives ( immemorial vegetable races t h work$ ov] ! juices ( e>? & air into organic life out ( ^: dissolution a soil might ga!r fit to ma9ta9 t nobl] bir? ( nature1 s we may be sure t ! g5ius ( e rememb]$ poet drew ! =ces t built x up out ( ! decay ( a long succession ( =gott5 ones4--,l[ell4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,adv]bial ,,clause ,,( ,,cause ,function4--,9 our daily exp]i5ce we are cont9ually meet+ new conditions1 discov]+ new tru?s4 ,x is human nature to be curi\s z to ! causes ( ^! tru?s & conditions1 h5ce !re is no "q p]haps :i* is ask$ (t5] ?an ! qu]y ( ! sci5ti/1 ! p]si/5t "q ( ! *ild1 :y8 ,s common is ?is "q t 9 our spee* we anticipate its com+ & answ] x be=e x is ask$4 ,:5 we make /atem5ts ( facts or ( our op9ions1 we seem to =esee t we %all be ask$ :y8 or h[ d y "k8--s along ) our pr9cipal /atem5t we give a cause or reason = x4 ,sometimes we are able to tell cause or reason by means ( a phrase1 z1 ,he trembl$ f fright1 ,! w9d mu/ be bl[+ by ! s\nd4 ,b ! usual way is by means ( ! subord9ate proposition2 ?us1 8,pet] ! ,great caus$ 8 heir to be tri$ & s5t5c$ to dea?1 because he 0 a sot1 a li>1 & a fool40--,"l4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at ! ,causal ,clause d5otes4--#a4 ,x may d5ote ! natural or physical cause ( "s physical effect ei!r 9 nature or 9 man2 z1 8,j\rneys by individuals c\ld n be und]tak5 )\t mu* risk1 = !re 0 sc>cely a moor or a =e/ t _h n its highwaym540--,drap]4 ,?is clause answ]s ! "q :y8 ,"o v>iety ( x1 (t5 call$ a clause ( motive1 d5otes some?+ t det]m9es man's *oice1 some?+ t leads him to pursue a l9e ( action2 z1 8,he disc\rag$ comm]ce1 n because x 0 9 itself demoraliz+1 b because x br\ght ! ,jews too mu* 9 contact ) corrupt nations40--,"l4 ,a clause ( motive answ]s ! "q :y8 or :at made him d x8 ,x c be us$ only to modify a /atem5t ab\t a human be+ or p]haps "o ( ! high] animals--some?+ t c act f a motive4 #b4 ,! causal clause may d5ote ! cause ( our k ( a fact1 ! evid5ce f :i* we draw a conclusion1 b n ! cause ( ! fact itself2 z1 8,! o!r bird probably grew to maturity1 z x disappe>$ f ! vic9ity ) its p>5ts aft] "s days40--,burr\ghs4 ,?is clause1 sometimes call$ a clause ( reason1 answ]s ! "q h[ d y "k8 or :at makes y say s8 ,notice t all ^! causal clauses d5ote some?+ t 0 true or 9 op]ation be=e :at is 9 ! pr9cipal proposition 0 true or 9 op]ation4 ,9 o!r words1 ! causal clause d5otes ! s\rce f :i* some?+ proce$s2 ! outcome or result is f\nd /at$ 9 ! pr9cipal proposition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,connectives4--,! commone/ connective ( ! causal clause is ! subord9at+ conjunction because1 b we (t5 f9d =1 z1 or s9ce us$ 9 its place4 ,sometimes t is us$2 z1 8,& we wept t "o s lovely %\ld h a life s brief40--,bryant4 ,:5 = or because introduces a clause1 we "k t ! clause is causal1 b z1 s9ce1 & t may introduce clauses us$ 9 o!r relations1 s ! nature ( ! clause 9 "q mu/ be det]m9$ by its mean+4 ,!re are sev]al phrases t may be us$ z conjunctions to introduce causal clauses4 ,^! are see+ t1 n[ t1 consid]+ t1 9 t1 inasmu* z1 =asmu* z4 ,^! phrases %\ld be consid]$ z "o ^w1 hav+ ! function ( ! ^w because4 ,! connective is (t5 disp5s$ ) entirely :5 ! relation ( cause is v pla92 ?us1 8,"o man goes f\r ?\s& miles to ,italy1 & does n see x1 he is s %ort-sight$40--,curtis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at ! ,causal ,clause modifies4--,:5 ! v]b 9 ! pr9cipal proposition d5otes action1 ! clause modifies ! v]b1 or x may modify "s p>ticiple or inf9itive d5ot+ action2 z1 8,"w is a ?+ done because x ought to be done1 & ) a det]m9$ end40--,rusk94 ,:5 ! v]b is a copula1 ! clause modifies ! v]b & its complem5t1 z ! v]b has n 9 itself suffici5t mean+ to be modifi$4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--8,to ,john ,+lesant1 :o _h always be5 devot$ly atta*$ to 8 bro!r1 ?is display ( affection 0 delightful1 cut (f z he _h be5 s long f all sympa?y & fri5dl9ess10 ! clause modifies 0 delightful4 ,9 ?is clause ! position ( ! subord9at+ conjunction z is usurp$ by cut (f 9 ord] to give prom95ce to ^? words4 ,! clause may be transpos$1 h[ev]1 s t z1 mean+ because1 comes fir/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! ,causal ,clause4--,usually ! causal clause foll[s ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,:5 x comes fir/1 be+ 9 an unusual position x becomes m prom95t & !re=e m impressive1 & ! pr9cipal proposition is also r5d]$ m =cible by be+ plac$ at ! end ( ! s5t5ce2 = example1 8,& z !y /ill cont9u$ to multiply1 !re came =? ! dreadful edict t e male *ild ( ! ,hebrews %\ld be de/roy$ z soon z born40--,"l4 ,ex]cise #ac ,select causal clauses 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell :at !y d5ote1 :at !y modify1 & specify ! connective4 #a4 ,! mod]n s*oolma/] is expect$ to "k a little ( ev]y?+1 because 8 pupil is requir$ n to be entirely ignorant ( any?+4--,lamb4 #b4 ,if we dilate 9 behold+ ! ,greek en]gy1 ! ,roman pride1 x is t we are already dome/icat+ ! same s5tim5t4--,em]son4 #c4 ,vulg>ity is an eigh? deadly s91 worse ?an all ! o!rs put toge!r1 s9ce x p]ils y\r salvation 9 ?is _w4--,l[ell4 #d4 ,! top ( ,blomidon is n ! abode ( /orm w9ds alone1 = two h\ses /& ^u x1 & ! laught] ( *ildr5 r+s *e]ily among ! ev]gre5 groves4--,bolles4 #e4 ,b :5 ,i arose1 & felt x1 & knew x to be a culv]91 ,i 0 some:at reassur$ !reby1 inasmu* z x 0 n likely t !y w\ld plant ?is eng9e except 9 ! real & true entrance4--,blackmore4 #f4 ,he is c]ta9ly 9 correspond5ce ) p on ! cont95t1 = 8 lett]s h all sorts ( odd /amps on !m4--,coll9s4 #g4 ,because y are k+ ( a nation1 x does n foll[ t y are to ga!r = y\rself all ! weal? ( t nation4--,rusk94 #i4 ,! wat]s ( ,%irwa are bracki% to ! ta/e1 & undr9kable2 b ! saltness mu/ h a peculi> *>m = game1 = n[h]e else 9 ,africa did ,i see su* spl5did h]ds ( ! l>g] animals z "h4--,drummond4 #aj4 ,! fury ( ! wat] :i* surr\nds u 0 m>vel\s1 consid]+ t !re 7 no great waves1 & no /orm to make waves4--,bolles4 #aa4 ,& ^!1 n[ t !y _h no long] any?+ to fe> f _! great ,italian adv]s>y1 comm5c$ p>tisan w>f>e on ea* o!r4--,drap]4 #ab4 ,8 black coat %9es z if x _h be5 poli%$2 & x has be5 poli%$ on ! we>]'s back1 no d\bt1 = ! arms & o!r po9ts ( maximum attrition are p>ticul>ly smoo? & bright4--,holmes4 #ac4 ,z ,cs> f\nd no reason = suppos+ t !re 0 a life beyond ! grave1 he did n pret5d to expect x4--,fr\de4 #ad4 ,its discov]y by myself & dog probably op5$ ! door = ill-luck1 z "o day1 :5 ,i peep$ 9 ^u x1 x 0 empty4--,burr\ghs4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,clauses ,,( ,,purpose ,,& ,,result ,! prec$+ *apt] treat$ ( clauses be>+ ! relation ( cause to ! pr9cipal proposition & d5ot+ some?+ true or op]ative be=e ! ?\ght 9 ! pr9cipal proposition 0 true or op]ative4 ,we h n[ to consid] clauses :i* are ! rev]se ( causal clauses1 namely1 f9al clauses4 ,^! d5ote some?+ t is true or w be true aft] :at is /at$ 9 ! pr9cipal proposition is true4 ,9 o!r words1 !y d5ote an end or a consequ5ce realiz$ or to be realiz$ z a result or outcome ( ! /atem5t 9 ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,accord+ to _! relation to ! pr9cipal proposition1 !y may be classifi$ z clauses ( purpose & clauses ( result4 99 99 99 99 99 #a4 ,! ,clause ( ,purpose4--,! purpose clause d5otes an int5d$ consequ5ce1 :i* is to foll[ f ! action or condition express$ 9 ! pr9cipal proposition2 z1 8,if natural dea? seem$ to be com+ on1 !y w\ld cut w\nds 9 _! fle%1 t ,od9 might receive !m z w>riors sla940--,c>lyle4 ,?is s5t5ce %[s t ! clause ( purpose answ]s ! "q :at =8 & is put into a s5t5ce to expla9 or ju/ify ! act 9 ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,x is evid5t t1 s9ce a clause ( purpose d5otes an int5d$ consequ5ce ( an act or condition1 t act or condition mu/ be p]=m$ or br\ght ab\t by "s be+ capable ( =m+ an int5tion1 h5ce ! pr9cipal proposition /ates some?+1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 ab\t a volunt>y act1 usually ! act ( a human be+4 ,?is is (t5e/ /at$ directly1 z 9 ! example above2 b occasionally we f9d su* s5t5ces z ! foll[+1--8,! door ( ,scrooge's c\nt+-h\se 0 op5 t he might keep 8 eye ^u 8 cl]k40--,dick5s4 ,"h ! clause by no means d5otes ! door's purpose 9 be+ op51 b ,scrooge's purpose 9 keep+ x op54 ,! clause ( purpose may be introduc$ by ! conjunctions t1 s t1 9 ord] t4 ,! negative purpose clause is introduc$ by le/ 7 t n72 z1 8,we mu/ bo? speak l[ le/ %e %\ld wak540--,bront4 ,! clause ( purpose is seldom met1 n because ! purpose ( an act is seldom told1 b because x c usually be told m briefly by means ( ! inf9itive2 ?us1 8,g>risons 7 e/abli%$ 9 ! l>g] cities to keep d[n revolt & to en=ce ! paym5t ( tribute40 99 99 99 99 99 #b4 ,! ,clause ( ,result4--,?is d5otes n an int5tion b ! consequ5ce ( ! act or condition express$ 9 ! pr9cipal proposition2 z1 8,! k+ly p[] among ! ,jews 0 *eck$ & h$g$ by o!r p[]s1 s t an ov]gr[n tyranny 0 difficult & unusual40--,"l4 ,! clause ( result is (t5 employ$ to tell ! degree ( "s quality or attribute1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,wa%+ton 0 s rigidly punctual t :5 ,hamilton1 8 secret>y1 plead$ a sl[ wat* z an excuse = be+ five m9utes late1 he repli$1 #8,!n1 sir1 ei!r y mu/ get a new wat* or ,i mu/ get a new secret>y4'0 ,"h ! clause tells h[ punctual ,wa%+ton 01 b x does ?is by tell+ a result ( 8 punctuality4 ,notice t 9 ! fir/ example ! clause may be said to modify ! v]bs 9 ! pr9cipal proposition1 0 *eck$ & 0 h$g$1 b 9 ! second s5t5ce x modifies ! v]b & its complem5t1 0 s rigidly punctual4 ,! clause ( result is introduc$ by t1 s t1 or1 if bo? pr9cipal proposition & clause are negative1 by b or b t4 ,^! connectives except s t are usually associat$ ) ! correlative s or su* 9 ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,?is correlative modifies an adjective or an adv]b1 & s]ves z a h9t t a clause ( result is to foll[4 ,z an example ( a negative clause ( result1 we h ! foll[+ s5t5ce1--8,! long1 w>m days ( summ] nev] return b !y br+ ) !m a gloom40--,lamb4 ,ex]cise #ad ,dispose ( all f9al clauses 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,! oak *ooses ! horizontal direction = its limbs s t _! :ole weight may tell1--& !n /ret*es !m out fifty or sixty feet s t ! /ra9 may be mighty en\gh to be wor? resi/+4--,holmes4 #b4 ,high =e/-clad hills rose on e side1 enclos+ ! riv]1 s t its only me?od ( escape 0 ?r\gh deep rifts cut into _! slopes4--,bolles4 #c4 ,e pot made by any human pott] or brazi] _h a hole 9 its cov]1 to let (f ! enemy1 le/ he %\ld lift pot & ro(1 & c>ry ! h\se away4--,em]son4 #d4 ,leon>do da ,v9ci w\ld walk ! :ole l5g? ( ,milan t he might alt] a s+le t9t 9 8 picture ( ! ,la/ ,supp]4--,trevelyan4 #e4 ,is ! old ,grecian _s froz5 9 y\r ve9s1 t y d cr\* & c[] l a belabor$ h\nd b5ea? 8 ma/]'s la%8--,kellogg4 #f4 ,i f9d myself s mu* l o!r p t ,i (t5 wond] at ! co9cid5ce4--,holmes4 #g4 ,he wi%$ ! o!r exam9ations ov]1 t 8 own might come on4--,%or?\se4 #h4 ,! two "y ,crat*its cramm$ spoons into _! m\?s le/ !y %\ld %riek = goose be=e _! turn came to be help$4--,dick5s4 #i4 ,ev5 to ?is day !y nev] he> a ?und]/orm ( a summ] aft]noon ab\t ! ,kaatskill1 b !y say ,h5drick ,hudson & 8 crew are at _! game ( n9ep9s4--,irv+4 #aj4 ,%e _h pu%$ h] bonnet entirely (f1 s t x hung by ! /r+s at ! back ( h] neck4--,j4 ,l4 ,all54 #aa4 ,& ev5 ,scrooge 0 n s dreadfully cut up by ! sad ev5t b t he 0 an excell5t man ( bus9ess on ! v day ( ! fun]al1 & solemniz$ x ) an und\bt$ b>ga94--,dick5s4 #ab4 ,! new ,ranee hat$ ! sev5 poor ,pr9cesses1 & want$ to get !m1 if possible1 out ( ! way1 9 ord] t h] daught] might h all _! ri*es4--,old ,deccan ,days4 ,ex]cise #ae ,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 ,^! l(ty trees ,wave n less pr\dly t _! ance/ors ,m\ld] b5ea? !m4--,bryant4 #b4 ,dante %[s u ! puni%m5t ( s9s aga9/ ,god & "o's neighbor 9 ord] t we may %un !m & s escape ! doom t awaits !m 9 ! o!r _w4--,l[ell4 #c4 ,a man _c bury 8 mean+s s deep 9 8 books b "t & l-m9d$ m5 w f9d !m4--,em]son4 #d4 ,among p :o submit to great physical suff]+ t !y may h !mselves h&somely tattoo$1 extremes ( temp]ature are borne ) b little attempt at mitigation4--,sp5c]4 #e4 ,he is n tempt$ to levity or impati5ce1 = he does n see ! joke & is ?ick-sk9n$ to pres5t evils4--,bagehot4 #f4 ,we %\ld naturally ?9k t excitem5t & pleasure & k w\ld make p happy1 s9ce !y /imulate ! intellectual p[]s4--,"l4 #g4 ,!n %e dropp$ h] head quickly1 s t h] own face rema9$ hidd51 & sil5tly pli$ h] "w4--,j4 ,l4 ,all54 #h4 ,_! visit 0 n :olly unexpect$1 = 8 h\se1 :i* front$ ! /reet1 0 /rongly b>ricad$1 ! wicket gate ( ! prison 0 clos$ up1 & at no loop hole or grat+ 0 any p]son to be se54--,dick5s4 #i4 ,! l>g] trees he _h girdl$ & kill$ 9 ord] t _! foliage %\ld n ca/ a %ade4--,wm4 ,james4 #aj4 ,! ,watsons 7 d\btless ri* p1 = !y _h ! confid5ce ( consci\s weal? 9 _! be>+4--,bront4 #aa4 ,!re are actually di/ricts 9 ,africa :]e ?ree natives _c be s5t on a message 9 case two %\ld comb9e & sell ! ?ird be=e !y return4--,drummond4 #ab4 ,"h 0 "o :o nev] resi/$ any temptation1 nev] _h a desire b he coddl$ & pamp]$ x4--,?ack]ay4 #ac4 ,a man _c speak b he judges himself4--,em]son4 #ad4 ,= e bucket ( wat] t ye br+ to u1 t we may p\r x into ! tank1 :i* is ! ,m>ket1 behold6 we w give y a p5ny4--,bellamy4 #ae4 ,a ru9$ man /agg]s d[n to ru9 because !re 0 n wisdom en\gh 9 him4--,c>lyle4 #af4 ,be clean1 = ! /r5g? ( ! hunt] is kn[n by ! gloss ( 8 hide4--,kipl+4 #ag4 ,he only meant to walk up & d[n h] /reet1 s t %e might see him f ! w9d[1 & "k t ?is spl5did ?+ 0 he4--,b>rie4 #ah4 ,if we wore pr9ts1 in/ead ( summ] silks1 x 0 because we pref]r$ a wa%+ mat]ial4--,mrs4 ,gaskell4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,adv]bial ,,clause ,,( ,,condition ,function4--,we are seldom able to make unqualifi$ /atem5ts1 because few facts are univ]sally true4 ,on ! contr>y1 we mu/ c>efully h$ge 9 our /atem5ts by c]ta9 re/rictions1 & a useful means = do+ ?is is ! adv]bial clause ( condition4 ,= in/ance1 8,! knight ev] came to ! rescue ( a woman 9 dang] or di/ress10 is a sweep+ /atem5t1 & w\ld in/antly be disput$ unless we add ! conditional clause1 8provid$ %e 0 a lady40 ,su* a clause is (t5 s important t writ]s place x at ! beg9n+ ( ! s5t5ce z if !y wi%$ to gu>d aga9/ contradiction or misund]/&+1 by putt+ _! read]s at once into ! prop] attitude = compreh5d+ _! pr9cipal /atem5t4 ,if we exam9e a few typical s5t5ces1 we %all see h[ useful is ! condition clause 9 a v>iety ( ways4 #a4 8,if nettles & ?i/les gr[ 9 my cabbage g>d51 ,i don't try to p]suade !m to gr[ into cabbages40--,fr\de4 ,"h ! clause /ates a condition :i* is to be reg>d$ z really tak+ place4 ,! idea ( "t is also associat$ ) t ( condition4 #b4 8,if1 9 ! lea/ p>ticul>1 "o c\ld d]ange ! ord] ( nature1--:o w\ld accept ! gift ( life80--,em]son4 ,! clause "h /ates an imag9>y condition1 b at ! same "t implies :at is ! real /ate ( ! case2 namely1 t no "o c1 9 ! lea/ p>ticul>1 d]ange ! ord] ( nature4 #c4 8,i might h be5 a m9i/] myself1 = aught ,i "k1 if ?is cl]gyman _h n look$ & talk$ s l an und]tak]40--,holmes4 ,"h ! s5t5ce is s fram$ t ! contr>y ( bo? clause & pr9cipal proposition is impli$2 namely1 ?is cl]gyman did look & talk exactly l an und]tak]1 h5ce ,i am n a m9i/]4 ,is x n wond]ful t by means ( "o set ( words we may say two opposite ?+s1 & n fail ( be+ und]/ood8 #d4 8,if ,i 0 ev] weak en\gh to give any?+ to a petition] ( :atev] nationality1 x always ra9$ decay$ compatriots ( 8 = a mon? aft]40--,l[ell4 ,"h ! subord9ate ?\ght is put into ! =m ( a clause ( condition1 b at ! same "t we und]/& t we are to f9d 9 x ! cause ( ! pr9cipal proposition4 #e4 8,middl+ness is always p>donable1 s t "o does n ask o!rs to take x = sup]iority40--,george ,eliot4 ,! clause is "h a sav+ clause4 ,x /ates ! exception necess>y to be made 9 ord] t ! pr9cipal proposition may be accept$ z true4 #f4 8,if my fri5d 0 n a g5ius1 he 0 c]ta9ly a monomaniac40--,h4 ,james4 ,?is s5t5ce does n mean t my fri5d 0 a monomaniac provid$ he 0 n a g5ius1 b is a brief way ( say+1--,if y ass]t t my fri5d 0 n a g5ius1 y w !n h to admit t he 0 c]ta9ly a monomaniac4 #g4 8,%e has met ! equ9octials be=e1 if x is ! equ9octials t are beg9n+40--,black4 ,"h ! clause does n /ate a condition = ! pr9cipal proposition1 b = "s ?\ght n express$1--?is1 p]haps3 & c meet ?is /orm4 ,9 ^! s5t5ces we h by no means %[n all t may be accompli%$ by ! conditional clause4 ,we h only indicat$ ! types ( s5t5ces mo/ frequ5tly met ) 9 :i* ?is clause occurs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at ! ,conditional ,clause modifies4--,! conditional clause is usually br\ght into ! s5t5ce by ! pr$icate ( ! pr9cipal proposition1 & s mu/ be look$ ^u z an adjunct ( t pr$icate4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 x modifies a g]und1 p>ticiple1 or inf9itive4 ,9 ! s5t5ce2--8,%e mu/ h a /ory1 well1 ill1 or indiff]5tly told1 s !re be life /irr+ 9 x1 & pl5ty ( good or evil accid5ts10 ! clause modifies ! p>ticiple told aft] x has be5 modifi$ by ! adv]bs well1 ill1 & indiff]5tly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,introductory ,^w4--#a4 ,! subord9at+ conjunctions if1 s1 unless 7 if n74 #b4 ,! phrases on condition t1 conditionally t1 9 case t1 provid$ t1 b t1 s t4 ,^! %\ld be consid]$ z "o ^w4 #c4 ,! imp]atives say1 let1 suppose2 z1 8,suppose y 7 go+ to c>pet a room1 w\ld y use a c>pet hav+ repres5tations ( fl[]s ^u x80--,dick5s4 ,"h ! condition seems to be actual & pres5t1 n imag9>y4 #d4 ,! p>ticiples provid+1 provid$1 suppos+4 ,! fir/ two are especially useful 9 introduc+ a re/riction4 ,sometimes !re is no connective1 b ! subord9ation & ! nature ( ! clause are indicat$ by ! ord] ( ! words1 ! v]b or its auxili>y be+ plac$ be=e ! subject2 ?us1 8,_h ,i tw5ty girls1 !y %\ld be br\ght up exactly 9 ?is fa%ion40--,lamb4 ,ex]cise #af ,dispose ( all clauses ( condition 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,if ,i _h my w1 e idiot :o goes ab\t ) #8,m]ry ,*ri/mas' on 8 lips %\ld be boil$ ) 8 own pudd+ & buri$ ) a /ake ( holly ?r\gh 8 he>t4--,dick5s4 #b4 ,despotism is a legitimate mode ( gov]nm5t 9 deal+ ) b>b>ians1 provid$ ! end be _! improvem5t1 & ! means ju/ifi$ by actually effect+ t end4--,mill4 #c4 ,education w n make p happy1 unless x is direct$ into useful *annels4--,"l4 #d4 ,! hall 0 op5 to all :o came on condition t ! gue/ %\ld leave 8 weapons at ! door4--,besant4 #e4 ,%\ld a man discov] ! art ( transmut+ metals1 & pres5t u ) a lump ( gold z l>ge z an o/ri* egg1 w\ld x be 9 human nature to inquire too nicely :e!r he _h /ol5 ! lead8--,l[ell4 #f4 ,he made v few rules1 & 9 case "o 0 brok5 9 _s or 9 lett]1 ! del9qu5t 0 set up on a high /ool beh9d a small1 long-legg$ desk1 fac+ ! s*ool1 & made to read f ! bad boy's scrap book4--,annie ,pre/on4 #g4 ,if y w\ld n be kn[n to d a ?+1 nev] d x4--,em]son4 #h4 ,:ile y utt]ly %un slang1 :e!r native or =eign born1--at pres5t1 by ! way1 our popul> writ]s use f> less slang ?an ! ,engli%1--yet d n %r9k f ,am]icanisms1 s !y be good ones4--,higg9son4 #i4 ,! ,saxon is ! man ( all o!rs sl[ to admit ! ?\ght ( revolution2 b let him once admit x1 he w c>ry x ?r\gh & make x /ick--a secret hi!rto undiscov]able by o!r races4--,l[ell4 #aj4 ,_h x be5 :olly s]i\s1 x w\ld n h be5 :olly ,fr5*4--,higg9son4 #aa4 ,if he 0 ambiti\s1 8 ambition _h no petty aim4--,j4 ,r4 ,gre54 #ab4 ,tal5ts are absolutely no?+ to a man except he h ! faculty ( "w along ) !m4--,l[ell4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,! ,,adv]bial ,,clause ,,( ,,concession ,function4--,9 ! comp\nd s5t5ce1--8,! :ale is n a fi%1 b we speak ( ! #8:ale fi%]y1'0 we h jo9$ two ?\ghts :i* are oppos$ to ea* o!r1 b we h made !m ( equal importance4 ,n[1 if we wi% to make "o ( !m m prom95t1 & at ! same "t indicate t x is true 9 spite ( ! o!r1 we con/ruct our s5t5ce z foll[s1--8,! :ale is n a fi% ?\gh we speak ( ! #8:ale fi%]y4'0 ,"h ! ma9 ?\ght is ! :ale is n a fi%1 & by ! =m 9 :i* we h express$ ! o!r ?\ght1 we h %[n n only t !re is an opposition betwe5 ! two ?\ghts1--:i* 0 likewise %[n 9 ! comp\nd s5t5ce1--b also t x is /range t ! two ?\ghts are true at ! same "t :5 !y seem mutually contradictory4 ,?is second s5t5ce is complex1 & ! dep5d5t proposition is an adv]bial clause ( concession4 ,x does n necess>ily indicate t two ?\ghts are oppos$ to ea* o!r2 sometimes !y only /& 9 contra/2 z1 8,:ile 7 ?\gh7 8 fame re/s on 8 ,m$itations1 z t ( ,david re/s ^u 8 ,psalms1 he yet r5d]$ great milit>y s]vice to ,! ,empire40--,"l4 ,we may def9e a concessive clause z "o t conc$es or grants some?+ 9 contra/ or opposition to :at is express$ 9 ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,x modifies a v]b or a v]b ) modifi]s4 ,x v>ies b little 9 function1 ! slight v>iations be+ indicat$ by ! *oice ( ! introductory ^w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,introductory ,^w4--#a4 ,?\gh or al?\gh4 ,?is is ! conjunction (t5e/ us$2 inde$1 all ! o!r words or phrases us$ are m or less equival5t to x 9 mean+4 ,albeit 0 =m]ly mu* us$1 & we occasionally f9d x 9 poetry n[1 b x is v seldom us$ 9 spok5 ,engli% or 9 ord9>y prose composition4 #b4 ,:e!r4--,?is ^w ) its correlative or is us$ :5 we wi% to say t a ?+ is true 9 spite ( two o!r facts or conditions :i* are contr>y to ea* o!r2 z1 8,! balconies are always *>m+1 :e!r !y hang high ov] ! /reets or look out ^u ! canals40--,h[ells4 #c4 ,! indef9ite pron\ns :oev]1 :atev]1 :i*ev]2 ! adjectives :atev] & :i*ev]2 & ! adv]b h[ev]4 ,^! words signify t ! clause is to be tak5 9 its wide/ possible application2 z1 8,^u :atev] c>e] y may ent]1 intellectual quickness1 indu/ry1 & ! p[] ( be>+ fatigue are ?ree great advantages40--,huxley4 ,"h ! clause means1--?\gh y may ent] ^u any c>e] :atsoev]4 #d4 ,no matt]4--,?is phrase toge!r ) ! adv]b h[ is a frequ5t sub/itute = ! connective h[ev]4 ,x emphasizes ! scope ( ! clause & ?us makes ! opposition betwe5 ! pr9cipal proposition & ! clause seem great]2 ?us1 8,! guns c be fir$ 9 any direction1 no matt] h[ ! %ip is ly+40 #e4 ,:ile4--,9 "s s5t5ces ?is is ne>ly equival5t to ?\gh2 9 o!rs x c>ries ) x an idea ( "t z well z concession2 ?us1 8,bo? ,*>les himself & 8 creature ,laud1 :ile !y abjur$ ! innoc5t badges ( pop]y1 reta9$ all its wor/ vices40--,macaulay4 #f4 ,if4--,:5 ! adv]sative relation betwe5 ! two propositions is p]fectly cle> )\t be+ indicat$ by ! connective1 if or ev5 if may be employ$ 9 ! place ( ?\gh4 ,a concessive clause s introduc$ mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! clause ( condition4 ,9 ! latt] if c be *ang$ to provid$2 9 ! =m] if is equival5t to ?\gh2 = example1 8,if ! sc5]y fail$ to *>m1 ! names ( places did n fail to a/oni% u40--,bolles4 #g4 ,not)/&+ or not)/&+ t4--,! =m] ( ^! is m frequ5tly met ) z a preposition introduc+ a concessive phrase & mean+ ab\t ! same z 9 spite (2 ?us1 8,not)/&+ ! increas+ illness ( 8 si/]1 he 0 able to enjoy "s *e]ful society40--,a+]4 ,b s5t5ces l ! foll[+ are n uncommon1--8,not)/&+ ! w9d 0 favorable to ea* alike1 bo? vessels _h deviat$ f ! direct l9e & 7 /e]+ t[>d a common c5t]40--,coop]4 #h4 ,a common =m ( ! concessive clause is "o 9 :i* an adjective1 a v]b1 an adv]b1 or a n\n comes fir/1 foll[$ sometimes by ?\gh1 (t5] by z4 ,?is ord] ( words arises f our desire to make prom95t or emphatic "s p>ticul> attribute2 z1 8,/range z x may appe>1 ev5 ! b>on's jokes seem$ only to r5d] him ! m melan*oly40--,irv+4 ,"h ! attribute /range is emphasiz$4 ,t su* a clause is only an ord9>y clause ( concession transpos$ = a special purpose1 ) z sub/itut$ = ?\gh1 becomes evid5t by comp>+ x ) ! clause 9 ! foll[+1-- 8,?y br[1 ,glori\s 9 beauty ?\gh x be1 is sc>r$ ,) tok5s ( old w>s40--,bryant4 ,transpos+ ?is clause to ! natural ord]1 we h1 8?\gh x be glori\s 9 beauty40 ,9 s5t5ces conta9+ a concessive clause ! pr9cipal proposition is sometimes introduc$ by yet1 a correlative ( ! connective 9 ! clause4 ,yet is (t5 us$ :5 ! clause comes fir/ & is long4 ,x is useful 9 call+ att5tion to ! fact t ! concession has all be5 /at$1 ga!r+ x up1 z x 71 into "o ^w be=e ! pr9cipal /atem5t is made4 ,ex]cise #ag ,dispose ( all concessive clauses 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,! ,icel&]s say t 8,icel& is ! be/ l& ! sun %9es on10 ?\gh ! sun sc>cely %9es en\gh to melt ! ice 9 summ]4--,mung]4 #b4 ,no man1 :atev] 8 s5sibility may be1 is ev] affect$ by ,hamlet or ,le>1 z a little girl is affect$ by ! /ory ( poor ,r$-,rid+hood4--,macaulay4 #c4 ,if !y 7 unacqua9t$ ) ! works ( philosoph]s & poets1 !y 7 deeply read 9 ! oracles ( ,god4 ,if _! names 7 n f\nd 9 ! regi/]s ( h]alds1 !y 7 record$ 9 ! ,book ( ,life4 ,if _! /eps 7 n accompani$ by a spl5did tra9 ( m5ials1 legions ( m9i/]+ angels _h *>ge ov] !m4--,macaulay4 #d4 ,&1 aga91 :ile ! ,greeks rightly despis$ me*anical arts z mu* z ! ,egyptians1 !y did n make ! fatal mi/ake ( despis+ agricultural & pa/oral life4--,rusk94 #e4 ,well-advanc$ z ,hepzibah 01 %e c\ld n rememb] :5 ,uncle ,v5n] _h n gone up & d[n ! /reet1 /oop+ a little & draw+ 8 feet heavily ov] ! gravel or pavem5t4--,haw?orne4 #f4 ,on :i*ev] side ( ! bord] *ance _h ?r[n ,joanna1 ! same love to ,france w\ld h be5 nurtur$4--,de ,qu9cey4 #g4 ,en]getic m51 :e!r !y "w or :e!r !y play1 put _! /r5g? into ! "w & _! /r5g? into ! play4--,rusk94 #h4 ,d>w9 misses no /ep t ! sl[ b tireless gods ( physical *ange h tak51 no matt] h[ !y cross or retrace _! c\rse4--,burr\ghs4 #i4 ,?\gh ! cause ( ,evil prosp]1 yet 'tis ,tru? alone is /rong2 ,&1 albeit %e w&] outca/ n[1 ,i see ar\nd h] ?rong ,troops ( beautiful1 tall angels1 to en%ield h] f all wrong4 --,l[ell4 #aj4 ,?\ght is ?\ght1 h[e'er x speak or spell itself4--,c>lyle4 #aa4 ,%e w\ld n m>ry a c[>d or a bragg>t ev5 if he 7 ! own] ( t5 ?\s& acres4--,"l4 #ab4 ,fa!r ,salvi]d]ra always said t x 0 a duty to look happy1 no matt] h[ mu* we might be suff]+4--,h4 ,h4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,adv]bial ,,clause ,,( ,,degree ,,or ,,comp>ison ,function4--,9 ,*apt] ,,xi4 we %[$ t ! mann] 9 :i* an action is p]=m$ is (t5 d5ot$ by an adv]bial clause4 ,n[1 x may sometimes be d5ot$ by an adv]b1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1--,he accumulat$ 8 le>n+ quietly4 ,b1 9 ord] to give =ce & po9t to ?is adv]b1 x is frequ5tly accompani$ by a clause ( degree br++ 9 a comp>ison2 ?us1 8,he accumulat$ 8 le>n+ z quietly z a /\t lady accumulates h] fat1 by ! daily satisfaction ( 8 appetite40--,ham]ton4 ,by comp>+ ! quietness ) :i* he accumulat$ le>n+ to ! quietness ) :i* a /\t lady accumulates fat1 we provide a /&>d or illu/ration = ! fir/ ?\ght1 & s make x cle> & impressive4 ,we (t5 wi% to tell 9 :at degree a c]ta9 attribute is possess$4 ,?is may be done by a clause ( result1 z 0 se5 9 ,*apt] ,,xiv41 b we may also d x by comp>ison2 = example1 8,?\ %alt be happy z he>t c wi%40 ,"h ! degree ( happ9ess ?\ %alt h is fix$ by say+ t x is equal to :at ?y he>t wi%es4 ,numb] & am\nt (t5 _c be told absolutely b may be told relatively by means ( a comp>ison2 ?us1 8,mrs4 ,patt5 _h m respect = h] neighbor ,mr4 ,hackit ?an = mo/ p40--,george ,eliot4 ,x w\ld h>dly be possible or wor? :ile to tell exactly ! am\nt ( respect t ,mrs4 ,patt5 _h = ,mr4 ,hackit1 b x is wor? tell+ h[ ?is respect comp>$ ) ! respect %e _h = o!r p4 99 99 99 99 99 ,classification ( ,clauses ( ,degree4--#a4 ,a s5t5ce may ass]t t two attributes are equal 9 degree2 z1 8,!y 7 z timid & c[>dly z !y 7 rebelli\s40--,"l4 ,"h ! degree ( _! timidity & c[>dice is %[n by comp>+ ^! qualities ) _! rebelli\sness1 & ! two sets ( attributes are f\nd to be equal4 ,! clause 9 su* a s5t5ce is usually introduc$ by ! subord9at+ conjunction z1 & a correlative ( ?is ^w usually prec$es ! ^w 9 ! pr9cipal proposition d5ot+ ! idea to be comp>$4 ,! fir/ z is an adv]b1 be+ an adjunct ( ei!r an adjective or an adv]b4 ,x may be omitt$1 z 0 %[n 9 ! s5t5ce1--,?\ %alt be happy z he>t c wi%4 ,a clause d5ot+ equality ( degree is sometimes introduc$ by z if1 :i* may be consid]$ a comp\nd conjunction unless we *oose to supply ! ellipsis4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,h5ry ,james1 8,i f\nd z great a fasc9ation 9 wat*+ ! odd lights & %ades ( 8 "* z if he _h be5 a creature f ano!r planet10--we may supply betwe5 z & if ! words ,i w\ld h f\nd1 ?us obta9+ a clause ( degree hav+ )9 x a clause ( condition4 ,if ! :ole comp>ison is plac$ fir/ 9 ! s5t5ce1 ! pr9cipal proposition is introduc$ by s foll[$ by ! ^w d5ot+ ! respect 9 :i* two ideas are comp>$2 z1 8,b1 z em95tly z ,hom] is pla91 s em95tly is ! ,elizabe?an lit]ature 9 g5]al1 & ,*apman 9 p>ticul>1 fanciful40--,arnold4 ,! words s em95tly are n necess>y = ! complete /ructure ( ! s5t5ce1 b !y add to its cle>ness4 ,a /atem5t conta9+ a comp>ison ( equality may be d5i$ by means ( ! negative adv]b n1 s t ! s5t5ce am\nts f9ally to an ass]tion ( inequality 9 degree2 ?us1 8,he is n by any means s wise z he looks40 #b4 ,a s5t5ce may ass]t t two attributes are unequal 9 degree2 = example1 8,! mann] ( say+ ?+s (t5 makes a deep] impression ?an ! ?+ t is said 7makes740--,brook4 ,"h ! impression made by ! mann] ( speak+ & ! impression made by ! ?+ spok5 are comp>$ & said to be unequal 9 dep?4 ,! clause 9 su* a s5t5ce is introduc$ by ! subord9at+ conjunction ?an1 & is always an adjunct ( "s ^w 9 ! comp>ative degree1 or ! words else1 o!r1 o!rwise1 or r1 ! la/ be+ 9 reality a comp>ative ( ! ,old ,engli% ^w ra!4 ,:5 a /atem5t signify+ inequality is d5i$ by "s negative ^w1 ! s5t5ce am\nts to a /atem5t ( equality2 ?us1 8,x is n m c]ta9 t ,s>ah ,gamp lik$ h] be] drawn mild ?an x is t y\r ,engli%man likes 8 poetry cut %ort40--,birrell4 ,9 clauses ( bo? v>ieties giv5 above !re is (t5 an ellipsis1 ! words omitt$ be+ ^? already express$ 9 ! pr9cipal proposition & h5ce easily suppli$4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,mrs4 ,patt5 _h m respect = h] neighbor ,mr4 ,hackit ?an = mo/ p10 :5 we analyze ! clause we mu/ fill x out s z to make x read1 ?an %e _h respect = mo/ p4 #c4 ,! clause ( degree may tell n t ?+s /& to ea* o!r 9 a relation ( equality or inequality1 b t !y v>y 9 ! same proportion2 ?us1 8,! deep] ! sn[1 ! ne>] ! rabbit is br\ght to ! tops ( ! t5d] bu%es & %rubs40--,burr\ghs4 ,"h ! rabbit's ne>ness to ! tops ( ! %rubs is said to v>y ) ! dep? ( ! sn[4 ,9 s5t5ces ( ?is sort1 bo? pr9cipal proposition & subord9ate proposition are con/ruct$ 9 ! same =m1 b ! pr9cipal proposition may always be asc]ta9$ by que/ion+ ! s5t5ce2 = example1 does ! =ego+ s5t5ce ass]t t ! dep? ( sn[ v>ies ) ! rabbit's ne>ness1 or t ! rabbit's ne>ness v>ies ) ! dep? ( sn[8 ,cle>ly1 ! latt]4 ,inde$1 x w almo/ inv>iably be f\nd t 9 a s5t5ce ( ?is k9d1 especially if x be address$ to ! eye1 ! second proposition conta9s ! pr9cipal ?\ght4 ,s5t5ces ( ?is k9d are (t5 mu* abridg$2 ?us1 8,! m1 ! m]ri]10 8,! soon]1 ! bett]40 ,ano!r =m ( ! idiomatic s5t5ce j giv5 is "o :i* makes use ( ! connective 9 proportion z2 = example1 8,p dread to be ?\ght unsafe 9 proportion z !y get _! liv+ by be+ ?\ght to be safe40--,bagehot4 ,?is c easily be *ang$ to ! old] =m1--8,! m p get _! liv+ by be+ ?\ght to be safe1 ! m d !y dread to be ?\ght unsafe40 ,,note4--,accord+ z may be us$ 9 place ( 9 proportion z1 z 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1--8,! ,sonnets are m or less /rik+ accord+ z ! occasions :i* gave bir? to !m are m or less int]e/+40--,macaulay4 ,ano!r =m ( ?is comp>ison is "o 9 :i* ! two propositions are introduc$ by ! prepositional phrases by z mu* & by s mu*2 = example1 8,look at ! mo/ vigor\s species2 by z mu* z x sw>ms 9 numb]s1 by s mu* w x t5d to increase /ill fur!r40 #d4 ,a f\r? v>iety ( ! clause ( degree is f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1--8,night 9 ! tropics1 s f> z animal life is conc]n$1 is z ! day40--,drummond4 ,"h ! gr\p ( words1 s f> z animal life is conc]n$1 tells ! ext5t or degree to :i* night is l day4 ,x might be sep>at$ into ! base-^w f> modifi$ by ! adv]b s & ! clause z animal life is conc]n$2 b x does n seem to be ! au?or's purpose to in/itute any comp>ison :atev]1 h5ce x is bett] to consid] ! :ole gr\p ( words z "o elem5t d5ot+ degree1 & treat s f> z z "o subord9at+ connective4 ,sometimes a clause ( ?is k9d p]=ms a d\ble duty4 ,x gives ! reason or gr\nd = ! ma9 ass]tion & at ! same "t makes t ass]tion some:at d\btful2 = example1 8,z f> z ,i c\ld obs]ve :5 ! meet+ broke up1 !y sep>at$ )\t rem>k on ! s]mon40--,em]son4 ,"h ! pr9cipal /atem5t is bas$ ^u ! writ]'s obs]vation :5 ! meet+ broke up2 b he implies t 8 ma9 ass]tion may n be true1 = 8 obs]vation may n h ext5d$ f> en\gh to w>rant any c]ta9ty 9 8 conclusion4 ,ex]cise #ah ,dispose ( all clauses ( degree 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,nev] did p believe any?+ m firmly ?an n9e ,engli%m5 out ( t5 at ! pres5t day believe t our greatness & welf>e are prov$ by our be+ s v ri*4--,m4 ,arnold4 #b4 ,a %ock+ bad hat is p]haps z indiff]5t to ,glad/one z a dirty old cloak 0 to ,socrates4--,"l4 #c4 ,s f> z a man ?9ks1 he is free4--,em]son4 #d4 ,no nobl] feel+ ?an ?is ( admiration = "o high] ?an himself dwells 9 ! brea/ ( man4--,c>lyle4 #e4 ,! dri] ! air1 & ! hott] ! air1 ! great] is ! am\nt ( cl\d :i* c be dissolv$ 9 x4--,tyndall4 #f4 ,! h]etic 0 exclud$1 s f> z ecclesia/ical dogma c\ld exclude him1 f ! pale ( humanity1 f consecrat$ e>?1 & f et]nal salvation4--,motley4 #g4 ,! face ( ! wat] 9 "t became a wond]ful book--a book t 0 a dead language to ! un$ucat$ pass5g]1 b :i* told its m9d to me )\t res]ve1 deliv]+ its mo/ *]i%$ secrets z cle>ly z if x utt]$ !m ) a voice4--,s4 ,l4 ,clem5s4 #h4 ,leave a y\? idle2 &1 ! m brave & active & capable he is by nature1 ! m he w ?ir/ = "s appo9t$ field = action4--,rusk94 #i4 ,a long1 d>k hall /ret*$ be=e me1 ext5d+1 z well z ,i c\ld judge 9 ! gloom1 entirely across ! h\se4--,page4 #aj4 ,! trumpet does n m /un y by its l\dness1 ?an a :isp] teases y by its provok+ inaudibility4--,lamb4 #aa4 ,! less a man ?9ks or kn[s ab\t 8 virtues1 ! bett] we l him4--,em]son4 #ab4 ,z f> z ,i c make out1 ! ,league 0 f\nd$ by an ,am]ican millionaire4--,conan ,doyle4 #ac4 ,9 proportion z m5 "k m & ?9k m1 !y look less at individuals & m at classes4--,macaulay4 #ad4 ,to me ! sil5ce ( a summ] morn+ is m t\*+ ?an all o!r sil5ces4--,de ,qu9cey4 #ae4 ,b by z mu* z ,kipl+ surpasses o!r poets & noveli/s 9 orig9ality1 by s mu* does he surpass !m 9 me?odical indu/ry4--,hillis4 ,ex]cise #ai ,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,he :o refuses to embrace a unique opportunity loses ! prize z surely z if he tri$ & fail$4--,wm4 ,james4 #b4 ,if !y embroid]$ dresses or work$ tape/ries1 !y also wove ! clo? = _! husb&s' coats & made 8 %irts & knit 8 /ock+s4--,"l4 #c4 ,if ,i _h my way1 ,i w\ld give ! same education to ! *ild ( ! colli] & to ! *ild ( ! pe]4--,k+sley4 #d4 ,fat z he is1 & old z he is1 8 movem5ts are a/oni%+ly light & easy4--,coll9s4 #e4 ,! m we reflect ^u ?is "q1 ! h>d] x is to answ]4--,/ockton4 #f4 ,& no matt] h[ sup]ior y ?9k y\rselves1 y w n pass "h till y h some?+ ( y\r own to produce4--,fr\de4 #g4 ,+lesant rema9$ 9 prison1 & w\ld h ?\ght t he _h be5 =gott51 b t e few weeks he 0 s5t = by ! ,committee & exam9$4--,%or?\se4 #h4 ,i h>dly "k any?+ m /range ?an t y recognize hone/y 9 play1 & y d n 9 "w4--,rusk94 #i4 ,?\gh we believe t ! int5tions ( ,cromwell 7 at fir/ hone/1 ?\gh we believe t he 0 driv5 f ! noble c\rse :i* he _h m>k$ out = himself by ! almo/ irresi/ible c\rse ( circum/ances1 ?\gh we admire 9 common ) all m5 ( all p>ties ! ability & en]gy ( 8 spl5did adm9i/ration1 we are n plead+ = arbitr>y & lawless p[] ev5 9 8 h&s4--,macaulay4 #aj4 ,mu* w\ld be lo/1 _h ,icel& n be5 bur/ up f ! sea1 n be5 discov]$ by ! ,nor?m54--,c>lyle4 #aa4 ,clam & worm might be =ev] undi/urb$ s f> z he 0 conc]n$4--,j4 ,t4 ,fields4 #ab4 ,if pride ( rank 0 g5]at$ 9 ?is frat]nity ( g5tlem51 s also 0 scorn ( lies & bas5ess4--,"l4 #ac4 ,b ,i soon f\nd t my l9es _h fall5 9 a place :]e a vegetable gr[? _h to run ! gauntlet ( z _m foes & trials z a ,*ri/ian pilgrim4--,holmes4 #ad4 ,! oriole %ort5s up its ne/ 9 proportion z ! dang] less5s4--,burr\ghs4 #ae4 ,suppose ,i gave y some?+ to eat1 w\ld y li/5 to me aft]w>d8--,miss ,mulock4 #af4 ,"l ,mohun alone among hi/orians1 s f> z my k goes1 has done fit & full ju/ice to ! ,fr5* ,p>liam5ts4--,higg9son4 #ag4 ,no "o is s bl9d to 8 own faults z a man :o has ! habit ( detect+ ! faults ( o!rs4--,fab]4 #ah4 ,s high z ! tree aspires to gr[1 s high w x f9d an atmosph]e suit$ to x4--,?oreau4 #ai4 ,& if y emigrate1 y w soon f9d out1 if y h eyes & common-s5se1 t ! vegetable weal? ( ! _w is no m exhau/$ ?an its m9]al weal?4--,k+sley4 #bj4 ,b music & pa9t+1 ?\gh !y may be exquisite adornm5ts ( life1 conta9 no liv+ =ce t c develop a weak nation into a /rong "o4--,drap]4 ,ex]cise #bj ,s5t5ces conta9+ all k9ds ( dep5d5t propositions4 #a4 ,:5 y feel a true admiration = a tea*]1 a gl[ ( en?usiasm = "w1 a ?rill ( pleasure at "s excell5t say+1 give x expression4--,c4 ,w4 ,eliot4 #b4 ,?\gh 8 op9ions 7 democratic1 8 ta/es & 8 associations 7 su* z h>monize be/ ) mon>*y & ari/ocracy4--,macaulay4 #c4 ,y tremble :5 y ?9k ( h[ y\r s9 has outgr[n itself1 & is runn+ f>1 f> away :]e y c nev] foll[ x4--,phillips ,brooks4 #d4 ,broad /eps asc5d$ to a t]race broad1 ,:]eon lay /ill light f ! op5 door4--,james ,?omson4 #e4 ,mank9d 9 ! aggregate is always wis] ?an any s+le man1 because its exp]i5ce is d]iv$ f a l>g] range ( obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 & because ! spr+s t fe$ x dra9 a wid] region bo? ( "t & space4--,l[ell4 #f4 ,:atev] is fat$1 t w take place4--,em]son4 #g4 ,:5ev] x is prov$ t a man broke "o ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 x is r\ndly repli$ t 9 8 day !re 7 only n9e4--,/eph54 #h4 ,! m>ket-place & ! factory owe mu* to ?9k]s1 j z ! bran*es b[+ d[n ) ripe fruit owe mu* to ! roots work+ 9 sil5ce & d>kness4--,hillis4 #i4 ,i myself mu/ mix ) action le/ ,i )] by despair4--,t5nyson4 #aj4 ,! ,lone ,wolf mu/ h sprung & miss$ 8 hold1 = ,m[gli he>d ! snap ( 8 tee? & !n a yelp z ! ,sambhur knock$ him ov] ) 8 =efoot4--,kipl+4 #aa4 ,! poore/ & ! ri*e/ /ud5ts are equally welcome "h1 provid$ t ) _! pov]ty or _! weal? !y br+ capacity1 ambition1 & purity4--,c4 ,w4 ,eliot4 #ab4 ,9 ! eld] days ( art1 ,build]s wr\ght ) greate/ c>e ,ea* m9ute & unse5 "p2 ,= ! gods see ev]y:]e4--,longfell[4 #ac4 ,i h no expectation t any man w read hi/ory aright :o ?9ks t :at 0 done 9 a remote age by m5 ^: names h res\nd$ f>1 has any deep] s5se ?an :at he is do+ today4--,em]son4 #ad4 ,:]ev] m5 are ga!r$1 all ! air ,is *>g$ ) human feel+1 human ?\ght4 --,james ,?omson4 #ae4 ,i talk half ! "t to f9d out my own ?\ghts1 z a s*oolboy turns 8 pockets inside out to see :at is 9 !m4--,holmes4 #af4 ,let u !re=e s5d = ! soo?say]s1 t !y may int]pret ?is ?+ unto u4--,bellamy4 #ag4 ,examples w\ld inde$ be excell5t ?+s1 7 n p s mode/ t none w set1 & s va9 t none w foll[ !m4--,h>e4 #ah4 ,be ! reasons :at !y may1 ! influ5ce ( g5]als1 /atesm51 & inv5tors is less deep & abid+ ?an ! influ5ce ( ^? poets :o h sung ( love & grief1 ( w> & wor%ip1 & ( ! %eph]d-c>e ( ,god4--,hillis4 #ai4 ,! ,turk1 :o believes t 8 doom is writt5 on ! iron leaf 9 ! mom5t :5 he ent]$ ! _w1 ru%es on ! enemy's sabre ) undivid$ w4--,em]son4 #bj4 ,:]e a man c tru/ 8 own he>t & ^? ( 8 fri5ds1 tomorr[ is z good z today4--,/ev5son4 #ba4 ,h y ev] obs]v$ t we pay mu* m att5tion to a wise passage :5 x is quot$ ?an :5 we read x 9 ! orig9al au?or8--,ham]ton4 #bb4 ,if ?\ art worn & h>d beset ,) sorr[s1 t ?\ w\ld'/ =get1 ,if ?\ w\ld'/ read a lesson t w keep ,?y he>t f fa9t+ & ?y s\l f sleep1 ,g to ! woods & hills4--,longfell[4 #bc4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 good nature dep5ds on ! physical organization1 & _c be cultivat$ by ef=t2 :ile good humor dep5ds on circum/ances1 & is no "p ( ! man himself1--good temp] is some?+ :i* we c all acquire1 if we *oose4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #bd4 ,& :at wick$ ?+ h y done1 t !y %\ld haunt y s8--,r4 ,h4 ,dana1 ,sr4 #be4 ,!re is no poltroon 9 ! _w b c brag ab\t :at he w\ld h done4--,?ack]ay4 #bf4 ,x is ! bit ( tru? 9 e sl&]1 ! h9t ( lik5ess 9 e c>icature1 t makes u sm>t4--,l[ell4 #bg4 ,no man has le>n$ any?+ rightly until he kn[s t e day is ,doomsday4--,em]son4 #bh4 ,calv91 ^: life 0 d>k5$ by disease1 _h a morbid & gloomy elem5t 9 8 !ology4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,comp\nd ,,s5t5ce ,9 our /udy ( dep5d5t propositions1 we h consid]$ 9 ! ma9 ! complex s5t5ce4 ,we %all n[ take up ! comp\nd s5t5ce1 ^: di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic is t x conta9s at lea/ two indep5d5t propositions4 ,^! propositions ) _! accompany+ clauses1 if any1 con/itute ! memb]s ( a comp\nd or complex-comp\nd s5t5ce1 & su* a s5t5ce may be classifi$ accord+ to ! relation subsi/+ betwe5 its memb]s4 ,on ! basis ( ?is relation we h ! foll[+ classification3-- #a4 ,memb]s may be 9 ! same l9e ( ?\ght2 t is1 !y may d5ote relat$ ev5ts succe$+ ea* o!r 9 "t1 or !y may tell simil> ?+s ab\t ! same subject1 or ! second may be add$ to ! fir/ by way ( supplem5t+ or expla9+ x1 etc4 ,s5t5ces ( ?is k9d are v common2 z1 8,we consecrate our "w to ! _s ( national indep5d5ce1 & we wi% t ! light ( peace may re/ ^u x =ev]40--,web/]4 ,connective4--,= memb]s 9 ! same l9e ( ?\ght ! typical conjunction is &4 ,all ! o!r connectives s us$ are equival5t to &1 ?\gh !y may h a slight additional mean+4 ,^! are1-- 7a7 ,! cord9at+ conjunction nor or nei!r1 equival5t to & n2 z1 8,bolts & b>s are n ! be/ ( our in/itutions1 nor is %rewdness 9 trade a m>k ( wisdom40--,em]son4 7b7 ,:ile4--,?is mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$ f ! subord9at+ conjunction :ile1 & f :ile us$ to cord9ate b equival5t to b2 z1 8,8 l[] limbs 7 %ea!d l 8 body 9 flexible mail1 secur+ ! legs & ?ighs1 :ile 7 &7 8 feet re/$ 9 plat$ %oes :i* correspond$ ) ! gauntlets40--,scott4 ,a common type ( s5t5ce :i* x seems be/ to classify "h is "o 9 :i* ! fir/ memb] is imp]ative1 ! second decl>ative1 & ! two jo9$ by &2 z1 8,tell me :at y l1 & ,i w tell y :at y are40--,rusk94 ,?is is equival5t 9 mean+ to a complex s5t5ce conta9+ a clause ( condition1--8,if y tell me :at y l1 ,i w tell y :at y are40 ,b1 inasmu* z ! au?or us$ & betwe5 8 two propositions1 x w\ld seem t he int5d$ ! condition to be equally important ) ! second /atem5t4 ,s5t5ces ( ?is k9d h a directness ( appeal to ! read] t gives !m a peculi> =ce4 #b4 ,! memb]s ( a comp\nd s5t5ce may d5ote contra/+ ?\ghts2 z1 8,9 cities we /udy ^? ar\nd u1 b 9 ! retirem5t ( ! c\ntry we le>n to "k ourselves40--,longfell[4 ,! second memb] (t5 d5otes a ?\ght n to be expect$ aft] ! fir/ has be5 accept$2 z1 8,boys are capital fell[s 9 _! own way1 among _! mates2 b !y are un:olesome companions = gr[n p40--,lamb4 ,?is s5t5ce rem9ds u ( ! complex s5t5ce conta9+ a clause ( concession1 = x might easily be reca/$ into "o1--,?\gh boys are capital fell[s1 etc4 ,connective4--,! typical conjunction = ?is s5t5ce is b2 all ! sub/itutes = b are m]ely its v>i\s equival5ts4 ,^! are1-- 7a7 ,! conjunctions yet1 :ile1 & yet1 :]eas2 z1 8,x is no long] a reality2 yet x 0 "o40--,c>lyle4 7b7 ,! adv]bs /ill1 only1 nev]!less1 h[ev]4 ,^! are conjunctions :5 us$ alone betwe5 indep5d5t propositions1 adv]bs :5 associat$ ) b4 ,!y all imply an opposition betwe5 ! two memb]s2 = example1 8,he is glad ( 8 pay--v prop]ly s1 & ju/ly grumbles :5 y keep him t5 ye>s )\t x--/ill1 8 ma9 notion ( life is to w9 battles1 n to be paid = w9n+ !m40--,rusk94 #c4 ,memb]s ( a comp\nd s5t5ce may pres5t an alt]nation or *oice betwe5 two ?\ghts4 ,9 su* a case only "o ( ! memb]s is true2 z1 8,come d[n & help u1 ,ru/um1 or we lose40--,m4 ,arnold4 ,if ! fir/ proposition "h is fulfill$1 ! second w n be true4 ,if ! second %\ld be true1 x w\ld be because ! fir/ 0 n fulfill$4 ,(t51 z 9 ?is example1 ! second memb] d5otes a consequ5ce ( some?+ :i* is ! direct opposite ( :at is /at$ 9 ! fir/ memb]4 ,connective ^w4--7a7 ,! typical connective is ! cord9at+ conjunction or4 ,sometimes ! fir/ memb] is prec$$ by ei!r1 a correlative ( or4 ,x may be rem>k$ "h t or is mu* (t5] met betwe5 words or phrases ?an betwe5 propositions4 7b7 ,! adv]bs else & o!rwise :5 equival5t to or may be us$ 9 its /ead4 #d4 ,! second memb] ( a comp\nd s5t5ce may d5ote a result ( ! fir/1 ei!r a direct consequ5ce or a conclusion4 ,9 o!r words1 ! fir/ memb] may d5ote 7a7 ! cause ( ! second memb]2 z1 8,!y speak ,engli% !re1 s y\r difficulties are n[ pretty well ov]40--,bront4 7b7 ,! evid5ce :i* supports ! second memb]2 z1 8,he 0 n at *ur* ,sunday1 h5ce he mu/ h be5 ill40 ,su* s5t5ces sugge/ ! complex s5t5ces conta9+ a clause ( real cause or a clause ( reason2 & ow+ to ! causal relation betwe5 ! two memb]s1 x may seem at fir/ sight t "o ( !m is a dep5d5t proposition4 ,b su* is n ! case4 ,ea* ( !m is grammatically indep5d5t2 = bo? are pres5t$ z equally important1 & ! cord9at+ conjunction & c\ld be suppli$ betwe5 !m 9 addition to ! o!r conjunction4 ,connective4--,! typical conjunction is !re=e4 ,we also f9d h5ce1 :]e=e1 s1 s t1 s !n1 consequ5tly & accord+ly1 all ( :i* are equival5t to !re=e4 #e4 ,frequ5tly "o memb] is add$ to ano!r by way ( explanation1 giv+ ! au?or's reason = mak+ ! fir/ /atem5t4 ,x is introduc$ by = & usually prec$$ by a semicolon2 ?us1 8,always pay2 = fir/ or la/ y mu/ pay y\r entire debt40--,em]son4 ,x is sometimes difficult to decide :e!r ! second memb] is indep5d5t or dep5d5t1 :e!r = is a cord9at+ or a subord9at+ conjunction4 ,! te/s = ! indep5d5t proposition mu/ be ^!3--,did ! au?or int5d ! second memb] to /& equal 9 importance to ! fir/8 ,does ! second memb] add some?+ n necess>y to ! fir/ memb] or affect+ its mean+8 ,does ! second memb] express a ?\ght n p]haps 9 ! au?or's m9d :5 he wrote ! fir/8 99 99 99 99 99 ,omission ( ! ,conjunction 9 ,comp\nd ,s5t5ces4--,(t5 :5 ! relation betwe5 two memb]s is p]fectly evid5t1 ! connective is omitt$4 ,?is frequ5tly occurs :5 ! memb]s are 9 ! same l9e ( ?\ght2 z1 8,! place to obs]ve nature is :]e y are2 ! walk to take today is ! walk y took ye/]day40--,burr\ghs4 ,! connective is also omitt$ to avoid repetition :5 ! s5t5ce conta9s sev]al memb]s1 all su/a9+ ! same relation to "o ano!r4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be notic$ "h t au?ors diff] 9 _! mode ( punctuation4 ,"o au?or might comb9e two s5t5ces into "o comp\nd s5t5ce by plac+ a semicolon betwe5 !m1 :]eas ano!r w\ld place a p]iod aft] ea*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,numb] ( ,memb]s 9 a ,comp\nd ,s5t5ce4--,9 illu/rat+ comp\nd s5t5ces we h giv5 ^? t conta9 only two memb]s1 b x mu/ n be suppos$ t ! numb] is re/rict$ to two4 ,on ! contr>y we (t5 f9d ?ree or m4 ,h[ev]1 ^! are n (t5 all ( ! same rank1 & ! s5t5ce mu/ fir/ be sep>at$ into cord9ate memb]s1 !n if ^! memb]s are comp\nd !y mu/ be sep>at$ 9 l mann]1 & s on4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! s5t5ce1--8,g5ius is ma9ly an affair ( en]gy1 & poetry is ma9ly an affair ( g5ius2 !re=e a nation ^: _s is *>act]iz$ by en]gy may well be em95t 9 poetry1--& we h ,%akespe>e40--,m4 ,arnold4 ,?is complex-comp\nd s5t5ce is1 fir/ ( all1 made up ( a comp\nd s5t5ce & a complex-comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,! relation betwe5 ^! two memb]s is t ( cause & result1 ! second be+ a consequ5ce ( ! fir/1 z is indicat$ by ! conjunction !re=e4 ,! fir/ ( ^! memb]s is made up ( two simple s5t5ces 9 ! same l9e ( ?\ght1 !re=e jo9$ by ! conjunction &4 ,! second memb] is made up ( a complex s5t5ce & a simple s5t5ce1 ! second be+ an addition to ! fir/ & !re=e jo9$ to x by &4 ,ex]cise #ba ,r$uce ! foll[+ s5t5ces to _! compon5t memb]s--simple1 p>tially comp\nd1 or complex4 ,/ate :e!r ^! memb]s are decl>ative1 int]rogative1 or imp]ative4 ,/ate also ! relation exi/+ betwe5 memb]s1 & po9t out ! connective4 #a4 ,occupy a y\? e>ly & wisely1 9 agriculture or bus9ess1 9 sci5ce or 9 lit]ature1 & he w nev] ?9k ( w> o!rwise ?an z a calamity4--,rusk94 #b4 ,"o lackey c>ri$ ! *ocolate pot into ! sacr$ pres5ce2 a second mill$ & fro!d ! *ocolate ) ! little in/rum5t he bore = t function2 a ?ird pres5t$ ! favor$ napk92 a f\r? 7he ( ! two gold wat*es7 p\r$ ! *ocolate out4--,dick5s4 #c4 ,!re 0 n a nook or a corn] 9 ! :ole h\se fit to lodge any respectable gho/2 = e "p 0 z op5 to obs]vation z a lit]>y man's "* & condition1 8 figure & e/ate4--,holmes4 #d4 ,! ^w l5g?y has be5 *>g$ to our ,am]ican acc\nt1 b x mu/ h be5 inv5t$ by ! fir/ read] ( ,g[]'s works1 ! only inspiration ( :i* !y 7 ev] capable4--,l[ell4 #e4 ,:5ev] & :]ev] we turn$1 a sudd5 8t9kle-tankle0 w\ld %[ t we _h ne>ly fall5 ov] a pro/rate c[2 !re=e aft] half an h\r ( d>kness1 dit*es1 & c[s1 we return$ to ! hotel & its com=ts4--,bolles4 #f4 ,ye h quitt$ ! ways ( ,god or ye w\ld n h be5 unhappy4--,c>lyle4 #g4 ,glossy hammock-clo?s conceal$ ! p]sons ( ^? :o 7 on ! deck1 :ile ! close bulw>ks gave ! brigant9e ! air ( a vessel equipp$ = w>4--,coop]4 #h4 ,! trees h =m$ _! buds 9 autumn e ye> s9ce trees fir/ wav$2 yet y w f9d t ! great majority ( p]sons h nev] made t discov]y1 b suppose t nature gets up ^? ornam5ts 9 spr+4--,higg9son4 #i4 ,m>ble columns may1 inde$1 m\ld] into du/1 "t may erase all impress f ! crumbl+ /one1 b _! fame rema9s2 = ) ,am]ican lib]ty x rose1 & ) ,am]ican lib]ty only c x p]i%4--,web/]4 #aj4 ,commit a crime1 & ! e>? is made ( glass4--,em]son4 #aa4 ,! fir/ attempt ( ! season1 ,i suspect1 _h fail$ 9 a m seclud$ place "u ! hill1 s ! pair _h come up ne>] ! h\se = protection4--,burr\ghs4 #ab4 ,) a v few exceptions1 bo? ! r$ & ! :ite coral polyps are1 9 _! adult /ate1 firmly adh]5t to ! sea-bottom2 nor d ^! buds naturally become deta*$ & locomotive4--,huxley4 #ac4 ,b hospitality mu/ be = s]vice & n = %[1 or x pulls d[n ! ho/4--,em]son4 #ad4 ,! wide expanse ( grassy upl& /ret*$ be=e !m2 ov]head ! ar* ( heav51 *equ]$ by ! :ite cl\ds1 0 full ( life & light & motion2 across ! wat] ( ! lakes ! *ur* bells1 rung = amusem5t by ! village lads1 came to ! e> s(t5$ & yet enri*$ 9 tone2 ! spr+ air1 fann$ by a fre% breeze1 refre%$ ! spirits & ! s5se4--,%or?\se4 #ae4 ,milton's nature select$ & drew to itself :atev] 0 great & good1 :ile x reject$ all ! base & p]nici\s +r$i5ts by :i* ^? f9] elem5ts 7 defil$4--,macaulay4 #af4 ,let u drive h] away or hide ! pomeloes1 else %e w g & tell h] "m all ab\t x1 & t w be v bad = u4--,old ,deccan ,days4 #ag4 ,z a matt] ( fact we f9d ourselves believ+1 we h>dly "k h[ or :y4--,wm4 ,james4 #ah4 ,a man c h himself %ot ) *e]fulness1 b x ne$s fir/ t he see cle>ly = :at4--,c>lyle4 ,ex]cise #bb ,analyze ! foll[+ comp\nd1 & complex-comp\nd s5t5ces4 ,!y %\ld fir/ be sep>at$ into memb]s1 z 0 done ) s5t5ces 9 ,ex]cise #ba4 #a4 ,a discov]y results 9 an art2 an art produces a com=t2 a com=t made *eaply accessible adds family on family to ! population2 & a family is a new creation ( ?9k+1 reason+1 inv5t+1 & discov]+ be+s4--,ev]ett4 #b4 ,all heal?y p l _! d9n]s1 b _! d9n] is n ! ma9 object ( _! lives4--,rusk94 #c4 ,human nature has a mu* great] g5ius = sam5ess ?an = orig9ality1 or ! _w w\ld be at a sad pass %ortly4--,l[ell4 #d4 ,!y come toge!r1 n = ex]cise1 b pleasure1 & ! m !y cr[d & cram & /ruggle1 & ! l\d] !y scream1 ! great] ! pleasure4--,w>n]4 #e4 ,ea* %rub & tree is eloqu5t ( him2 ,= tongueless ?+s & sil5ce h _! spee*4--,aldri*4 #f4 ,william _h only a two-:eel$ sulky1 :i* c\ld sc>cely c>ry ?ree2 s x 0 a relief to all ( u :5 we saw1 com+ f ! b>1 a y\? 9 a wagon1 driv+ a sprightly nag at a rattl+ pace4--,bolles4 #g4 ,give man air1 sun1 prop] food & clo?+1 ample & v>i$ ex]cise1 & !re is no curve ( grace 9 anci5t /atu>y :i* w\ld n be reproduc$ today4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #h4 ,by ,r$ ,fl[] ,baghe]a meant fire1 only no creature 9 ! jungle w call fire by its prop] "n4--,kipl+4 #i4 ,y mu/ make x q cle> to y\r m9d :i* y are mo/ b5t ^u--popul>ity or usefulness--else y may happ5 to miss bo?4--,george ,eliot4 #aj4 ,nature comes home to "o mo/ :5 he is at home2 ! /rang] & ! travel] f9ds h] a /rang] & a travel] also4--,burr\ghs4 #aa4 ,a book )\t art is simply a commodity2 x may be exce$+ly valuable to ! consum]1 v pr(itable to ! produc]1 b x does n come )9 ! doma9 ( pure lit]ature4--,higg9son4 #ab4 ,ei!r ! well 0 v deep or %e fell v sl[ly1 = %e _h pl5ty ( "t z %e w5t d[n to look ab\t h] & to wond] :at 0 go+ to happ5 next4--,lewis ,c>roll4 #ac4 ,no?+ soon] inspires p ) confid5ce 9 a bus9ess man ?an punctuality1 nor is !re any habit :i* soon] saps 8 reputation ?an t ( be+ always beh9d "t4 #ad4 ,?ree si/]s !y are1 ( "o my/]i\s h\sehold2 & _! pa?s are wide ap>t2 b ( _! dom9ion !re is no end4--,de ,qu9cey4 #ae4 ,x is a bless$ ?+1 inde$1 t none ( u c take our rubbi% to ano!r _w2 =1 if we c\ld1 "s ( ! _m mansions w\ld be little bett] ?an lumb] rooms4--,jean ,+el[4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,! ,,conjunction ,,9 ,,"s ,,( ,,its ,,uses ,9 our /udy ( complex & comp\nd s5t5ces we h not$ ! (fice ( conjunctions1 bo? subord9at+ & cord9at+1 s f> z !y jo9 propositions4 ,b ?is is by no means _! sole (fice nor _! mo/ common "o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,cord9at+ ,conjunction4--,! abridgm5t ( propositions has be5 c>ri$ s f> t we f9d ! cord9at+ conjunctions1 &1 or1 b1 jo9+ words or phrases j z (t5 z propositions1 = example1 8,! intimacy betwe5 man & nature began ) ! bir? ( man on ! e>?1 & becomes ea* c5tury m intellig5t & f>-rea*+40 ,! fir/ & jo9s ! two n\ns man & nature1 ! second ! two pr$icates ^: base-words are ! v]bs began & becomes1 ! ?ird ! two adjective complem5ts m intellig5t & m f>-rea*+4 ,!re is no?+ at all peculi> or difficult 9 ?is use ( ! conjunction1 = we naturally expect x to jo9 any two l elem5ts1 provid$ !y h ! same (fice 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 we f9d x jo9+ unlike elem5ts2 = example1 8,/4 ,edmund puni%es t]ribly yet ) m]cy40--,c>lyle4 ,"h yet jo9s two modifi]s ( ! v]b puni%es1 b "o is an adv]b1 ! o!r a prepositional phrase4 ,a common sub/itute = & :5 x jo9s words or phrases is z well z1 ! :ole gr\p ( words hav+ ! value ( "o conjunction2 z1 8,tru? ne$s ! wisdom ( ! s]p5t z well z ! simplicity ( ! dove40--,helps4 ,?is conjunction has a peculi> =ce4 ,by its aid ! s5t5ce j quot$ tells u n t tru? ne$s two qualities1 :i* ! conjunction & w\ld imply1 b r t1 :ile ev]ybody grants t tru? ne$s ! simplicity ( ! dove1 x is ! au?or's op9ion t %e ne$s1 too1 ! wisdom ( ! s]p5t4 ,x is wond]ful t ! sub/itution ( ?is little phrase z well z = & c make a s5t5ce s diff]5t 9 mean+4 ,a gr\p ( words simil> 9 (fice to z well z1 b n s (t5 us$1 is no less ?an2 z1 8,! fir/ lesson ( lit]ature1 no less ?an ( life1 is ! le>n+ h[ to burn y\r own smoke40--,l[ell4 ,besides jo9+ words1 phrases1 or propositions z ! elem5ts ( "o s5t5ce1 ! cord9at+ conjunction1 especially & or b1 is (t5 f\nd at ! beg9n+ ( an entirely new s5t5ce1 :]e its function is to %[ ! relation 9 ?\ght betwe5 ! new s5t5ce & ! "o prec$+4 ,9 su* a position its (fice is n grammatical b logical2 = example1 8,b mon? aft] mon? only %[$ ! k+ ! uselessness ( fur!r resi/ance40--,j4 ,r4 ,gre54 ,?is conjunction is sometimes re9=c$ by an adv]b2 ?us1 8,& aga91 ,drake's cannon w\ld n h ro>$ s l\dly & s widely )\t seam5 already tra9$ 9 he>t & h& to "w 8 %ips & level 8 artill]y40--,fr\de4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,subord9at+ ,conjunction4--,ow+ to abridgm5t we f9d _m s5t5ces con/ruct$ l ! foll[+1-- 8,!n safe1 ?\gh flutt]$ & amaz$1 ,%e paus$1 & on ! /rang] gaz$40--,scott4 ,"h ! subord9at+ conjunction ( concession1 ?\gh1 seems to jo9 two adjective modifi]s ( %e4 ,^! are safe & ! two p>ticipial adjectives1 flutt]$ & amaz$4 ,( c\rse x w\ld be prop] to fill out ! ellipsis & make a clause ( concession1 ?\gh %e 0 flutt]$ & amaz$1 b x does n seem necess>y1 & we c]ta9ly w\ld n supply any?+ if b _h be5 us$ in/ead ( ?\gh4 ,! subord9at+ conjunction ?an is us$ 9 ?is way betwe5 l elem5ts (t5] ?an any o!r1 especially :5 x is associat$ ) ! adv]b r2 = example1 8,commonly a light is = ! eyes r ?an = ! feet1 & a lamp is to read or sew by r ?an to walk by40--,mung]4 ,! ellipsis aft] ?an may be suppli$ "h1 t is1 we may make ! s5t5ce read z foll[s1--8,commonly a light is r = ! eyes ?an x is = ! feet1 & a lamp is r to read or sew by ?an x is to walk by40 ,b if ! s5t5ce _h be51--8,commonly a light is n = ! feet b = ! eyes10 etc41 we %\ld say t b jo9s ! two phrases & t ! fir/ "o is modifi$ by n4 ,s 9 ! orig9al s5t5ce we may say t ! fir/ ?an jo9s ! two prepositional phrases = ! eyes & = ! feet1 :ile ! second jo9s ! inf9itives to read or sew by & to walk by4 ,r is !n an adv]b modify+ 9 "o case ! phrase = ! eyes1 & 9 ! o!r ! inf9itives to read or sew by4 99 99 99 99 99 ,correlatives4--,! correlatives :5 444 !n1 :]e 444 !re1 s 444 z1 z 444 z1 ?\gh 444 yet1 :e!r 444 or1 h be5 suffici5tly not$ 9 previ\s lessons4 ,!re rema9s some?+ to be said ab\t ! famili> pairs ei!r 444 or1 nei!r 444 nor1 bo? 444 &1 n only 444 b4 ,! fir/ ?ree pairs are alike 9 use1 ! second ^w 9 ea* case1 or1 nor1 &1 be+ ! connective1 & ! fir/ no "p ( spee* :atev]4 ,ei!r1 nei!r & bo?1 :5 correlatives1 m]ely h9t t ! real conjunction is com+4 ,! correct position ( ^! words is imm$iately be=e ! fir/ ( ! two elem5ts jo9$ by ! conjunction4 ,ei!r & bo? may be omitt$ )\t affect+ ei!r ! mean+ or ! /ructure ( ! s5t5ce4 ,^! correlatives are f\nd ) v]bs1 n\ns1 adjectives1 adv]bs1 phrases1 or propositions ei!r indep5d5t or dep5d5t2 = example1 8,g5]ally1 good useful "w1 :e!r ( ! h& or ! head1 is ei!r ill-paid or n paid at all40--,rusk94 8,he nei!r pret5d$ to high blood nor 9 good tru? c>$ "o fig ab\t ! matt]40--,lamb4 8,!re is a work+ class--/rong & happy--among bo? ri* & poor40 ,! correlatives n only 444 b are diff]5t 9 "s respects f ! o!rs4 ,b is ! conjunction1 & only is an adjective or adv]b modify+ ! fir/ ( ! two words jo9$ by b1 :ile n makes ?is ^w negative2 ?us1 8,longfell[ has n only *>m$ ! e>1 b has t\*$ ! he>t ( ! _w40 ,9 ?is s5t5ce b jo9s ! two pr$icates4 ,! fir/ pr$icate is modifi$ by only & !n d5i$ by ! negative adv]b n4 ,9 ?is use b is n an adv]sative conjunction1 t is1 x does n signify any opposition betwe5 ! two pr$icates4 ,! s5t5ce means t ,longfell[ has done two ?+s :i* are 9 ! same l9e ( action--he has *>m$ ! e> ( ! _w & 9 addition has t\*$ its he>t4 ,x is n uncommon = b to be re9=c$ by ! adv]b also2 = example1 8,punctuality %\ld be made n only a po9t ( c\rtesy1 b also a po9t ( consci5ce40 ,ex]cise #bc ,/ate ! (fice ( all conjunctions 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,det]m9e1 if possible1 :y ! giv5 conjunction is *os5 in/ead ( "s o!r4 #a4 ,b ,i = "o d n grudge ,amos ,b>ton 8 sweet wife4--,george ,eliot4 #b4 ,ei!r !y may be nomads1 liv+ 9 t5ts & driv+ _! flocks & h]ds f "o pa/ure gr\nd to ano!r1 or !y may be p ) fix$ habitations4 #c4 ,y mu/ be able1 n only to hit any p>ticul> dog out ( ! team ( twelve1 b also to accompany ! feat ) a res\nd+ crack4 #d4 ,! f9e/ passages are ^? :i* are lyric 9 =m z well z 9 _s4--,macaulay4 #e4 ,he 0 ab/emi\s 9 8 food & c>eless 9 :at x consi/$1 r>ely or nev] t\*+ w9e4--,fr\de4 #f4 ,! pr9ce or *ief gov]nor 0 elect$ annually1 b only by ! nobles4--,motley4 #g4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,london x is difficult1 if n dang]\s1 to cross ! /reets4 #h4 ,b ! times 7 times = action r ?an = contemplation4--,web/]4 #i4 ,& y w\ld say t sun & />s took "p ,9 t unnatural conflict2 = a cl\d ,grew sudd5ly 9 ,heav51 & d>k$ ! sun ,ov] ! fight]s' heads4--,m4 ,arnold4 #aj4 ,discipl9e1 no less ?an conc5tration1 is a cure = a weak w4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #aa4 ,b n only is its own population ! va/e/ 9 ! _w2 a l>ge population is p\r$ into x e morn+ by railway & by /eam] f all p>ts ( ,engl& & f e cont95t & c\ntry on ! globe4 #ab4 ,we are on ! eve ( a great political crisis1 if n ( political *ange4--,rusk94 #ac4 ,x is injuri\s to ! m9d z well z to ! body to be always 9 "o place1 & always surr\nd$ by ! same circum/ances4--,jeff]ies4 #ad4 ,let u d our "w z well1 ,bo? ! unse5 & ! se54--,longfell[4 #ae4 ,i recall him 9 ! attitude ( ! ,colossus ( ,rhodes1 /&+ full be=e a g5]\s wood fire1 n fac+ x b q ! contr>y4--,holmes4 #af4 ,r\gh "w1 honorable or n1 takes ! life out ( u4--,rusk94 #ag4 ,! elect$ *iefta9s _h r au?ority to p]suade ?an p[] to comm&4--,motley4 #ah4 ,n only 7 ! labors ( ,hannah ,m ext5d$ to ! ignorant & degrad$ by ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools1 b %e employ$ h] p5 9 _! behalf4--,"l4 #ai4 ,!y nei!r get fairly hold ( _! subject1 nor1 :at is m important1 does x get hold ( !m4--,l[ell4 #bj4 ,! r\gh "w is1 at all ev5ts1 real1 hone/1 &1 g5]ally ?\gh n always1 useful2 :ile ! f9e "w is1 a great deal ( x1 fooli% & false z well z f9e1 & !re=e di%onorable4--,rusk94 #ba4 ,to detect ! flavor ( an olive is no less a piece ( human p]fection1 ?an to f9d beauty 9 ! colors ( a sunset4--,/ev5son4 #bb4 ,all ! gr\nd 0 cov]$1 n ) grass & gre5 leaves1 b ) radiant corollas4--,muir4 #bc4 ,! _w is fill$ ) ! voices ( ! dead2 !y speak n f ! public records ( ! great _w only1 b f ! private hi/ory ( our own exp]i5ce4--,o4 ,dewey4 #bd4 ,& :]e n[ ! /eam]s ( all nations may be se5 re/+ at an*or1 on t day "o solit>y %ip f ,france dis*>g$ h] c>go & 0 view$ ) l+]+ int]e/ by e coloni/ 9 ,quebec4--,mrs4 ,ca!rwood4 #be4 ,be=e him & fac+ him1 two paces 9 front1 /ood ,dan1 8 arms /ill b\nd to 8 sides1 8 head uncov]$1 & 8 legs free4--,ca9e4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,! ,,inf9itive ,,phrase ,nature ( ! ,inf9itive4--,9 ! prec$+ lessons1 we h /udi$ b "o elem5t ( ! s5t5ce2 namely1 ! proposition4 ,?is comb9ation ( subject & pr$icate we h look$ at f ! po9t ( view ( its value z a s5t5ce elem5t1 & we h f\nd t 9 ! communication ( ?\ght x is ( ! utmo/ importance by reason ( its cle>ness4 ,9 ?is respect x is sup]ior to o!r simpl] & brief] elem5ts1 b nev]!less 9 ! developm5t ( ,engli% prose we f9d ! proposition /eadily sup]s$$1 :]ev] possible1 by sev]al ( ! simpl] elem5ts4 ,?is is ! result ( an ev]-gr[+ t5d5cy t[>d brevity & concis5ess4 ,9 a rec5t monograph entitl$ 8,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,p>agraph10 ! au?or /ates t ! ,engli% s5t5ce has decreas$ 9 l5g? at lea/ "o-half 9 ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 & t x has %[n v great decrease 9 =mal pr$ication4 ,! means by :i* pr$ication is avoid$ )\t sacrific+ cle>ness are v>i\s4 ,"o ( !m1 is ! inf9itive phrase1 :i* we %all make ! subject ( ?is *apt]4 ,by an inf9itive phrase we mean a gr\p ( words ( :i* an inf9itive is ! base1 ! :ole gr\p be+ ! equival5t ( a clause & =m+ an elem5t ( a s5t5ce4 ,x is an elem5t employ$ s frequ5tly t x is v easily int]pret$1 & its great advantage is t x enables u to disp5se ) a subject & pr$icate4 ,! inf9itive is a v]b-=m diff]+ f ! f9ite v]b 9 ?is1--x expresses ! action or /ate d5ot$ by ! v]b )\t ! limitations ( p]son & numb]1 h5ce x _c pr$icate4 ,x is def9$ by gramm>ians z a v]bal n\n4 ,?is does n mean1 h[ev]1 t x always has ! use ( a n\n1 b r t x has ! nature ( a n\n 9 ?is important respect1 t x names ! action or /ate d5ot$ by ! v]b4 ,j z a n\n may be employ$ z an adjective or an adv]b1 ?us1 8,i h a gold wat*10 8,i am go+ home10 & /ill reta9 its ess5tial *>act]i/ic1 t ( be+ a "n-^w1 s ! inf9itive may be us$ adjectively or adv]bially & /ill be ! "n ( an action or /ate4 ,! inf9itive also reta9s its v]b nature s f> z to take any ( ! modifi]s or complem5ts ( ! v]b2 = example1 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,to furl a sail is to roll x up & secure x10 ! subject is ! inf9itive phrase to furl a sail1 ! base ( :i* is ! inf9itive to furl4 ,n[ 9 s f> z to furl is subject x has ! use ( a n\n2 x has ! nature ( a n\n1 too1 9 nam+ an act2 b x also has ! nature ( a v]b insomu* z x d5otes action p]=m$ ^u ! object sail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,=ms ( ! ,inf9itive4--,!re are two inf9itives1 ! root inf9itive1 or inf9itive ) to1--to see1 to run1 to be1--& ! g]und1 or inf9itive 9 -+1--see+1 runn+1 be+4 ,we %all /udy fir/ ! root inf9itive4 ,besides ! simple =m1 to see1 call$ ! pres5t active inf9itive1 !re is ! p]fect active inf9itive1 to h se51 & ! correspond+ passive =ms1 to be se5 & to h be5 se54 ,we may also add ! active progressive =ms1 to be see+ & to h be5 see+4 ,intransitive v]bs ( c\rse lack ! passive =ms4 ,( all ^! =ms ! "o mo/ us$ 9 ! communication ( ?\ght is ! simple/ "o ( all1 ! pres5t active4 99 99 99 99 99 ,uses ( ! ,inf9itive4--,! inf9itive is us$ = _m diff]5t purposes1 b ne>ly always 9 relation to "s ^w ^: mean+ x s]ves to make m cle> & )\t :i* x w\ld n be 9 ! s5t5ce at all4 ,^! relations ( ! inf9itive to o!r words may p]haps be mo/ cle>ly expla9$ if we consid] !m 9 gr\ps2 7#a7 its relation to ! n\n1 7#b7 to ! v]b1 7#c7 to ! adjective or adv]b4 ,i4 ,a n\n may h an inf9itive associat$ ) x 9 two ways3-- #a4 ,z an adjective2 z1 8,leaves h _! "t to fall40--,mrs4 ,hemans4 ,"h ! inf9itive is br\ght into ! s5t5ce by ! n\n "t1 to specify :at "t ! leaves h4 ,! expression "t to fall means fall+ "t or "t = fall+4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,c>lyle1--8,he t speaks :at is really 9 him w f9d m5 to li/510 ! inf9itive def9es ! n\n m51 be+ equival5t to ! re/rictive adjective clause :o w li/51 s we mu/ say ( ! inf9itive t x is us$ l an adjective modify+ m54 ,x is bett] ?an ! clause1 be+ simpl] & brief]4 #b4 ,z a n\n 9 apposition2 z1 8,he _h =m$ ! h]oic resolution to def5d ! t[] alone aga9/ ! enemy40 ,"h ! inf9itive phrase is associat$ ) ! n\n resolution1 b in/ead ( def9+ or qualify+ resolution1 x tells exactly :at ! resolution is1 & s is us$ z a n\n4 ,moreov]1 we c make a s5t5ce by putt+ ! v]b is betwe5 ! n\n resolution & ! inf9itive phrase2 z1 8,8 resolution is to def5d ! t[]10 etc4 ,?is s5t5ce is true1 & means t ! subject & ! complem5t ( ! v]b are two names = ! same ?+4 ,:5 ! inf9itive is us$ ) ! n\n z an adjective we _c make su* a s5t5ce z ! above2 = example1 we _c say m5 are to li/51 mean+ t m5 & to li/5 are equival5t4 ,( c\rse few n\ns c be expla9$ by an inf9itive 9 apposition2 no su* n\n1 = in/ance1 z city1 man1 book1 tree1 b su* n\ns z wi%1 promise1 luck1 int5tion1 task4 ,?is use ( ! inf9itive rem9ds u ( a sub/antive clause 9 apposition4 ,9 fact1 bo? ! adjective inf9itive & ! appositive are sub/itutes = clauses1 ! =m] tak+ ! place ( a re/rictive adjective clause1 ! latt] ( ei!r an unre/rictive adjective clause or a sub/antive clause4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,?is is a day on :i* to travel10 we h an inf9itive phrase made f an adjective clause & /ill reta9+ ! relative pron\n4 ,! relative has an antec$5t b does n jo9 to x z usual a dep5d5t proposition4 ,,note4--,:5 we say t an inf9itive is us$ z an adjective or a n\n1 we d n mean = an in/ant t x takes ! place ( any adjective or n\n 9 ! language4 ,s f> f ?is be+ ! case1 ! inf9itive is employ$ simply because !re are no n\ns or adjectives to say :at ! inf9itive says = u4 ,,ii4 ,! inf9itive may be relat$ to a v]b 9 v>i\s ways4 #a4 ,z subject2 z1 8,to pass ?is bridge 0 ! sev]e/ trial40--,irv+4 ,if we ask1 :at 0 ! sev]e/ trial8 ! answ] is ! :ole phrase1 to pass ?is bridge2 b ! base ( ?is phrase is ! inf9itive to pass1 h5ce x is ! ess5tial subject4 ,a common way ( us+ ! inf9itive z subject is t arrangem5t by means ( ! anticipative subject x1 :i* enables u to put ! real subject aft] ! v]b2 z1 8,x is a mo/ e>ne/ ?+ to be alive 9 ?is _w40--,c>lyle4 ,,note4--,"s gramm>ians pref] to call x a neut] p]sonal pron\n1 subject ( ! v]b1 & ! inf9itive its appositive1 or explanatory modifi]4 #b4 ,z complem5t4 7a7 ,object ( a transitive v]b4 ,n all transitive v]bs c take inf9itives = objects4 ,mo/ ( ^? t d are v]bs d5ot+ "s activity ( ! feel+s or ! w2 z1 8,he resolv$ to g02 8,!y hop$ to surprise ?is po/40 ,! inf9itives "h answ] ! que/ions1 resolv$ :at8 hop$ :at8 ,!y are equival5t to sub/antive clauses1--,he resolv$ t he w\ld g1 !y hop$ t !y might surprise ?is po/2 b :5 ! action d5ot$ by ! inf9itive is to be p]=m$ by ! same p]son z t d5ot$ by ! subject ( ! pr$icate v]b1 ! inf9itive is *os5 in/ead ( ! clause4 ,x is simpl] ?an ! clause & has become by frequ5t use equally cle>4 ,:5 ! two actors are diff]5t1 two subjects mu/ be express$1 h5ce ! clause is employ$2 = example1 ,!y resolv$ t ,i %\ld g2 ,!y hop$ t _! allies w\ld surprise ?is po/4 ,,note4--,! contraction ( a n\n clause to an inf9itive phrase is v evid5t 9 su* a s5t5ce z ?is1--8,he did n "k :at to say40 ,! ^w :at leads u to expect a subject & pr$icate to foll[1 b we h m]ely an inf9itive4 ,! second subject if express$ w\ld be he1 ! same z t ( ! pr9cipal v]b4 ,v]bs signify+ beg91 cont9ue1 or cease frequ5tly take an inf9itive = object2 z1 8,z he approa*$ ! /ream1 8 he>t began to ?ump40--,irv+4 ,! v]b ought is always foll[$ by an inf9itive1 :i* is cle>ly se5 to be its object :5 we rememb] t ought is an old pa/ t5se ( ! v]b owe2 z1 8,! f\nd] ( ?is /ately mansion ought surely to h /ood 9 8 own hall & to h (f]$ ! fir/ welcome to s _m em95t p]sonages40--,haw?orne4 ,"h ! obligation ow$ by ! f\nd] is specifi$ by ! two inf9itive phrases4 ,a use simil> to ! above is t ( ! inf9itive aft] h2 z1 8,my fri5d1 ! ,poet1 tells1 me he has to leave t[n :5ev] ! anniv]s>ies come r\nd40--,holmes4 ,h means to possess1 or be "u an obligation4 ,,note4--,! con/ruction1 8,i _h r g ?an /ay10 may be expla9$ by treat+ g z an inf9itive )\t ! sign to us$ z object ( ! transitive v]b _h4 ,exp&$ ! s5t5ce reads1 8,i _h to g r ?an ,i _h to /ay40 ,! con/ructions1 8,i _h soon] g ?an /ay10 &1 8,i _h z lief g z /ay10 may be expla9$ 9 ! same way4 ,aft] d>e1 ne$1 & please ! sign ( ! inf9itive to is usually omitt$2 = example1 8,i d>e d all t may become a man40 ,d>e & ne$ are (t5 us$ ) a subject 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 :]eas we %\ld expect d>es & ne$s2 ?us1 8,he ne$ n be angry ab\t x40 7b7 ,z "p ( a d\ble object ( a transitive v]b4 ,we h j said t if "o p]son resolves t ano!r p]son %all act1 or hopes he w1 ! fact may be told by us+ a sub/antive clause2 z1 8,i resolv$ t ,john %\ld g40 ,b if ,i expect$ t ,john w\ld g ,i c\ld tell x by us+ an inf9itive2 ?us1 8,i expect$ ,john to g40 ,?is is a matt] settl$ by usage2 "s v]bs mu/ be foll[$ by a clause object1 :ile o!rs may be foll[$ by a n\n & an inf9itive4 ,we call ! n\n 7or pron\n7 & ! inf9itive a d\ble object4 ,x is n two objects2 x is "o object ! same z a clause1 b x consi/s ( two ess5tial p>ts closely relat$4 ,! logical relation betwe5 ,john & to g 9 ! s5t5ce above is t ( subject & pr$icate2 b grammatically to g _c be a pr$icate because ! inf9itive does n ass]t4 ,9 ?is con/ruction ! inf9itive is relat$ fir/ to ! n\n ,john & !n toge!r ) ,john to ! transitive v]b expect$4 ,suffici5t pro( t ! two elem5ts ,john & to g con/itute ! "o direct object ( expect$ is f\nd 9 ! fact t x takes bo? ( !m to answ] ! "q expect$ :at8 ,= we did n expect ,john1 nor did we expect to g4 ,fur!rmore1 ! two elem5ts may be *ang$ to ! equival5t n\n clause1 t ,john w\ld g1 9 :i* ,john becomes subject & ! inf9itive becomes a f9ite v]b1 ! pr$icate ( ,john4 ,?is use mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$ f t ( ! inf9itive 9 su* a s5t5ce z ?is1--8,he b\ght apples to eat40 ,"h apples alone answ]s ! "q b\ght :at8 ,x is also pla9 t ! relation betwe5 apples & to eat is n t ( subject & pr$icate4 ,besides1 if ?is s5t5ce 7 exp&$1 m]ely ! inf9itive w\ld be *ang$ to a clause4 ,?is might be an adv]bial clause1--8,he b\ght apples t he might eat !m02 or an adjective clause1--8,he b\ght apples t 7 good = eat+40 ,ano!r s5t5ce n s easily discrim9at$ is ?is4--8,i told ,john to g40 ,"h !re is :at seems to be a d\ble object1 b 9 reality to g is ! direct object & ,john is an indirect object1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i told ,john a /ory40 ,if we reca/ ! s5t5ce1 employ+ a sub/antive clause1 we h1--8,i told ,john t he %\ld g10 :]e ,john rema9s z indirect object & ! inf9itive alone is exp&$ to ! object clause4 ,x is ! same (t5 aft] su* a v]b z ord]2 = example1 8,he ord]$ ! m5 to m>*02 b 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,he ord]$ ! message to be s5t10 !re is a true d\ble object4 ,m5 is indirect object1 because x names ^? to :om ! ord] 0 giv51 b message does n "n any?+ to :i* an ord] 0 giv51--x m]ely tells :at 0 to be s5t4 ,! s5t5ces exp&$ read1--8,he ord]$ ! m5 t !y %\ld m>*10 & 8,he ord]$ t ! message %\ld be s5t40 ,we may conclude t :5 v]bs ) ! notion ( tell+ 9 !m1 z urge1 beg1 entreat1 p]suade1 etc41 are foll[$ by a p]sonal ^w & an inf9itive1--z1 8,he urg$ me to g10 we mu/ c>efully det]m9e :e!r ! p]sonal ^w is m closely relat$ to ! pr$icate v]b or to ! inf9itive4 ,if we f9d x m closely relat$ to ! pr$icate v]b1 we mu/ call x an indirect object1 & say t ! inf9itive ne$s no ^w = subject because x is und]/ood t ! subject ( ! inf9itive is ! same ^w z t us$ = indirect object4 ,! v]bs mo/ commonly foll[$ by ! d\ble object are1--7a7 v]bs ( p]ception1 l see1 he>1 notice2 = example1 8,!n1 on ei!r h&1 ,i saw /ately palaces rise gray & l(ty f ! d>k wat]s40--,h[ells2 7b7 v]bs ( p]mitt+ or caus+1 l make1 h1 let2 z1 8#8,:y1 :at w\ld y h me d ) y8' said ! man40--,fr\de2 7c7 v]bs ( feel+1 l wi%1 desire1 expect2 z1 8,:y1 !y all want him to get up & make spee*es1 or songs1 or toa/s40--,holmes4 7c7 ,z complem5t ( an intransitive v]b2 z1 8,! art ( read+ is to skip judici\sly40--,ham]ton4 8,= a long "t ! h\se has be5 to let40--,b>rie4 ,! inf9itive is pla9ly a complet+ t]m 9 bo? cases1 b 9 ! fir/ x d5otes id5tity ) ! subject1 h5ce has ! use ( a n\n complem5t2 :ile 9 ! second x tells ! condition ( ! h\se1 l ! ^w vacant1 & h5ce has ! use ( a pr$icate adjective4 ,sometimes x is possible to *ange ! inf9itive to an equival5t adjective2 z1 8,! accid5t is to be deplor$10 or1 8is deplorable40 ,seem & appe> z well z =ms ( ! v]b be are foll[$ by ?is adjective inf9itive4 ,x is especially useful 9 d5ot+ an action t is to take place 9 ! future2 ?us1 8,he is to come soon40 ,,note4--,"s ( ! difficulty 9 dispos+ ( inf9itives is due to an attempt to speak ( !m 9 t]ms t apply to c]ta9 p>ts ( spee*4 ,sometimes ?is seems =c$4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,he seem$ to tremble10 pupils are told to consid] ! inf9itive z a pr$icate adjective1 :5 x does n seem to !m to be> mu* resemblance to an adjective4 ,:at ! pupils mu/ see is ?is1--t to tremble completes seem & tells some?+ ab\t ! subject he4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces may be giv51--8,he seems a c[>d10 8,he seems afraid10 8,he seems to tremble40 ,! v]b 9 ea* case has a subjective complem5t1 b 9 "o case ?is complem5t is a n\n1 9 ano!r an adjective1 9 ano!r an inf9itive1 ! *oice dep5d+ :olly on ! special mean+ to be br\ght out4 ,if ! use ( to tremble seems to ! pupil suffici5tly l t ( afraid to w>rant 8 call+ x a pr$icate adjective1 let him d s4 ,if n1 let him n try to "n x1 b say ( x in/ead t x completes ! v]b & tells some?+ ab\t ! subject4 ,! inf9itive complem5t ( a passive v]b belongs "h2 = example1 8,! human voice may be made to atta9 a wondr\s /r5g? & ri*ness ( tone40--,brook4 ,?is con/ruction (t5 arises f *ang+ a s5t5ce conta9+ a d\ble object into ! passive =m4 ,9 ! active voice ! s5t5ce j quot$ reads1--8,we may make ! human voice atta9 a wondr\s /r5g?1 etc40 ,notice t ! passive con/ruction has ! advantage ov] ! active 9 ?is respect1 t x enables u to avoid tell+ :o makes4 ,?is is especially conv5i5t ) ! v]b say4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,he 0 said to h /ol5 ! money10 no "o is *>g$ ) hav+ said t he /ole4 ,,note4--,! famili> expressions1 8,t is to say10 8,x came to pass10 8,i came to "k him10 also belong "h2 came is us$ 9 ! s5se ( became4 #c4 ,z an adv]bial modifi] ( ! v]b4 ,! inf9itive is v (t5 jo9$ to a v]b to d5ote purpose2 z1 8,! salmon w9t]s 9 ! ocean1 b 9 spr+ asc5ds ! fre% wat] riv]s to spawn1 or lay its eggs40 ,sometimes ?is inf9itive is introduc$ by s z or 9 ord]4 ,x has almo/ entirely displac$ ! adv]bial clause ( purpose4 ,! inf9itive may also d5ote ! result ( an action2 z1 8,8 half worn %oes w\ld wait until 8 small bro!r grew to fit !m40--,holmes4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,b>rie1 8,leeby return$ pant+ to say t ! doctor might be expect$ 9 an h\r10 ! inf9itive seems to be employ$ in/ead ( ano!r f9ite v]b1 = ! mean+ is n t ,leeby return$ 9 ord] to say1 b r t ,leeby return$ & said4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,he w5t home only to die1 ! inf9itive d5otes nei!r ! purpose nor ! result ( 8 go+ home1 b only a subsequ5t action4 ,x might be pref]able 9 su* cases to call ! inf9itive an accompanim5t ( ! v]b r ?an a modifi]4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce f ,holmes1 8,i grieve to say x1 b our p1 ,i ?9k1 h n g5]ally agreeable voices10 to say x d5otes ! cause ( my griev+4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce f ,h5ry ,james1 8,he mu/ h be5 an ,am]ican1 to take ! picturesque s prodigi\sly to he>t10 ! inf9itive phrase is ! equival5t ( an adv]bial clause ( reason1 tell+ on :at gr\nd ! ma9 ass]tion re/s4 ,! inf9itive may also d5ote condition1 or mann]2 = example1 8,y mu/ h ! imag9ation ( a poet to transfigure !m10 &1 8,is ev]y?+ go+ to suit y80 ,9 ! =m] s5t5ce ! inf9itive phrase is equival5t to ! clause1 if y transfigure !m4 ,9 ! latt] x tells h[ ?+s are go+ on4 ,9 fact1 ?is useful little elem5t may accompany a pr$icate v]b to d5ote almo/ all ! relations d5ot$ by adv]bial clauses4 ,sometimes x is difficult to decide :e!r an inf9itive is a complem5t or a modifi]4 ,p]haps ! be/ way to settle ! po9t is to asc]ta9 :at ! inf9itive is equival5t to1 or :at "q x answ]s2 = example1 8,if y cont9ue y\r obs]vations1 y w n fail to notice t ! spe$ ( its disappe>ance dep5ds on ! "* ( ! day40--,tyndall4 ,"h ! inf9itive answ]s ! "q1 fail 9 :at respect8 & is equival5t to ! phrase1 9 notic+4 ,x is well1 !n1 to consid] x an adv]bial modifi]4 ,p]haps ! inf9itive is us$ aft] no o!r v]bs (t5] ?an aft] g & use1 z 9 ! s5t5ces1 8,i am go+ to /ay until y are tir$ ( me02 8,i us$ to wond] :at ?is might be40 ,bo? g & use are intransitive v]bs1 b ! inf9itives c h>dly be describ$ z _! modifi]s1 = ! pr$ication lies m 9 ! inf9itive ?an 9 ! f9ite v]bs1 am go+ or us$4 ,! v]b am go+ makes ! action d5ot$ by ! inf9itive int5tional1 & us$ makes x cu/om>y4 ,su* pr$icates z am go+ to /ay & us$ to wond] %\ld be describ$ ei!r z idiomatic v]b-phrases1 or z consi/+ ( an intransitive v]b & an inf9itive1 )\t any attempt to e/abli% a complem5t>y or modify+ relation betwe5 ! inf9itive & ! v]b4 ,,note4--,! v]b be is sometimes us$ 9 ! s5se ( g or come1 & may !n be modifi$ by an inf9itive ( purpose1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,! old ,ma/] 0 talk+ ab\t a conc]t he _h be5 to he>40--,holmes4 ,,iii4 ,! inf9itive may be associat$ ) an adjective or an adv]b4 ,a con/ruction (t5 met is a pr$icate adjective foll[$ by an inf9itive1 especially su* adjectives z sure1 glad1 sorry1 apt1 anxi\s4 ,! inf9itives answ] su* que/ions z sure ( :at8 anxi\s ab\t :at8 & s limit ! mean+ ( ! adjective2 = example1 8,we are "r will+ & able to "w40--,c>lyle4 8,he 0 c>eful to acqua9t himself ) ! c\ntry40 ,(t5 ! adjective is fir/ modifi$ by ! adv]b en\gh or too2 ?us1 8,?is n>rative is too significant to be omitt$40--,c>lyle4 ,:5 ! adjective is fir/ modifi$ by s1 ! inf9itive is introduc$ by z1 & takes ! place ( a clause ( result2 z1 8,be s k9d z to /&40 ,"h ! inf9itive is br\ght into ! s5t5ce by ! adjective k9d1 b z an inf9itive ( result1 may be said to modify ! entire pr$icate be s k9d4 ,! inf9itive 9 ?is con/ruction may also be associat$ ) an adv]b2 z1 8,he work$ s swiftly z to surprise u all40 ,we notice t x is easy to avoid ! clause "h by sub/itut+ ! inf9itive1 = ! subject ( ! clause is ! same z ! subject ( ! pr9cipal v]b4 ,an adjective 9 ! comp>ative degree is (t5 foll[$1 n by a clause ( degree z we %\ld expect1 b by an inf9itive introduc$ by ?an2 z1 8,he is wis] ?an to make su* a rem>k40 ,! inf9itive phrase modifies wis] & is jo9$ to x by ! subord9at+ conjunction ?an4 ,,iv4 ,9 addition to ! =ego+ con/ructions we occasionally f9d ! inf9itive us$ z ! object ( a preposition4 ,! few prepositions gov]n+ inf9itives are except1 b1 & save1 ! two latt] mean+ except2 z1 8,make no exp5se b to d good to o!rs or y\rself40 ,usually1 to1 ! sign ( ! inf9itive1 is omitt$ aft] ^! prepositions4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces ! preposition gov]n+ an inf9itive phrase is omitt$4--8,x's wor? q a little =tune to any man :o gets x1 & ,i und]/& t !re are m vacancies ?an !re are m51 s t ! tru/ees are at _! wits' end :at to d ) ! money40--,conan ,doyle4 8,i am some:at at a loss :at to ?9k40 ,! prepositional phrases at _! wits' end & at a loss are complem5ts ( ! v]bs are & am1 us$ in/ead ( adjectives because !re are no equival5t adjectives4 ,! inf9itive phrases answ] ! que/ions at _! wits' end ab\t :at8 & at a loss ab\t :at8 & s are be/ dispos$ ( z objects ( ! preposition ab\t und]/ood4 ,,note4--,9 ! con/ruction1 8,i am ab\t to g10 ab\t is usually dispos$ ( z a preposition gov]n+ ! inf9itive4 ,in/ead x %\ld be consid]$ z an adv]b modify+ ! inf9itive1 :i* is ! complem5t ( am4 ,! preposition = may take a d\ble object2 ?us1 8,a space 0 left betwe5 !m = ! g>rison to pass out40 ,! answ] to ! "q = :at8 is1 ! g>rison to pass out4 ,su* a prepositional phrase is (t5 us$ z logical subject aft] ! anticipative subject x2 ?us1 8,x is n lawful = u to put any man to dea?40 ,,note4--,9 ! common con/ruction1 8,i _c b ?9k10 ! ^w ?9k is an inf9itive ) to omitt$1 us$ z object ( ! preposition b4 ,!re is an ellipsis 9 ?is con/ruction :i* mu/ be suppli$ = analysis1 unless we dispose ( ! :ole expression at once z an idiomatic v]b-phrase4 ,supply+ ! ellipsis we h1 8,i _c d any?+ b ?9k40 ,! expression1 8,i c b ?9k0 is be/ dispos$ ( n[ z equival5t to 8,i c only ?9k10 = t is :at x signifies to u4 ,! v]b !n is c ?9k1 & b is its adv]bial modifi]4 ,v4 ,! inf9itive may be us$ indep5d5tly1 hav+ no grammatical relation to any o!r ^w 9 ! s5t5ce2 ?us1 8,to tell y ! tru?1 my err& is n s mu* to buy z to borr[40--,george ,eliot4 ,c]ta9 /]eotyp$ phrases are us$ 9 ?is way1 su* z to be sure1 to speak pla9ly1 to make a long /ory %ort4 ,!y are useful to express 9 few words :at 9 o!r m regul> con/ructions x w\ld take _m words to say4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce ( ,hale's1 8,?is sort ( vagu5ess1 n to say misappreh5sion1 affects ! "q1 ,:o are our ,lead]s80 we h an indep5d5t inf9itive phrase :i* adds mu* to ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ce4 ,x tells u "h t ! au?or uses ! n\n vagu5ess s z to be on ! safe side1 b 9 8 op9ion misappreh5sion is ! m precise t]m4 ,,note4--,an indep5d5t expression v simil> to ! "o j giv5 is f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1--8,x appeals to our m purely human1 "o might almo/ say dome/ic1 qualities40--,l[ell4 ,ex]cise #bd ,dispose ( all inf9itive phrases 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,! w9t] climate ( ,v5ice is /ill s %>p z to make =eign]s regret ! g5]\s fires & w>mly built h\ses ( ! nor?4--,h[ells4 #b4 ,i />t$ betimes 9 ! ev5+ s z n to hurry1 or wa/e any /r5g? ^u ! way4--,blackmore4 #c4 ,! way to be orig9al is to be heal?y4--,l[ell4 #d4 ,to le>n obey+ is ! fundam5tal art ( gov]n+4--,c>lyle4 #e4 ,! rew>d ( a good s5t5ce is to h writt5 x4--,higg9son4 #f4 ,foll[ ! ,devil fai?fully1 y are sure en\gh to g to ! ,devil4--,c>lyle4 #g4 ,! idea ( a man's int]view+ himself is r odd1 to be sure4--,holmes4 #h4 ,i _h ! good =tune to see him at ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,baltimore1 & ,wa%+ton4--,?ack]ay4 #i4 ,:5 !y tri$ to tea* me to s+1 !y told me to 8?9k ( eight & s+ sev540--,hale4 #aj4 ,x 0 dea? also = a soldi] to leave 8 colors4--,prescott4 #aa4 ,i seem to h made fooli% fri5d%ips ev] s9ce4--,lamb4 #ab4 ,! g5]al c\rse ( misrule leaves !m helpless1 to be ! burd5 ( ! re/4--,rusk94 #ac4 ,!re is no?+ to be done b to turn r\nd & hoe back to ! o!r end4--,w>n]4 #ad4 ,! s5t9el w>ns !m n to approa* too closely4--,h[ells4 #ae4 ,to =get ,hom]1 to cease to be conc]n$ & ev5 curi\s ab\t ,hom]1 is to make a fatal /ep t[>ds a new b>b>ism4--,lang4 #af4 ,ladies ( rank & ( luxuri\s habits1 y "k1 _c be expect$ to surmise ! details ( pov]ty4--,george ,eliot4 #ag4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important lessons to be le>n$ 9 life is ! art ( economiz+ "t4 #ah4 ,!re is no beautifi] ( complexion1 or =m1 or behavior1 l ! wi% to scatt] joy & n pa9 ar\nd u4--,em]son4 #ai4 ,inde$1 to d ! be/ = o!rs is f9ally to d ! be/ = ourselves2 b x w n d to h our eyes fix$ on t issue4--,rusk94 #bj4 ,he _h always 7x mu/ n be =gott57 to cont5d aga9/ sad memories & anticipations ( fur!r sorr[4--,a+]4 #ba4 ,b up to a consid]able maturity ( *ildhood ,i believ$ ,raphael & ,mi*ael ,angelo to h be5 sup]human be+s4--,holmes4 #bb4 ,z a :ole1 %e appe>$ to c>ry ) h] a sort ( argum5tative comm5t>y on h] own exi/5ce4--,t4 ,h>dy4 #bc4 ,b1 to judge ! action fairly1 we mu/ transport ourselves to ! age :5 x happ5$4--,prescott4 #bd4 ,b w9t] is apt to be v sev]e 9 mild climates4--,h[ells4 #be4 ,to make a long /ory %ort1 ! company broke up & return$ to ! m important conc]ns ( ! election4--,irv+4 #bf4 ,! way to speak & write :at %all n g out ( fa%ion is to speak & write s9c]ely4--,em]son4 #bg4 ,y mu/ be brave to h come s long & dang]\s a j\rney4--,old ,deccan ,days4 #bh4 ,i h none to call me ,*>ley n[4--,lamb4 #bi4 ,i _c b ?9k t all ! *>act]s ( a region help to modify ! *ildr5 born 9 x4--,holmes4 #cj4 ,= :at 0 he plac$ by ,provid5ce 9 ! highe/ position 9 ! _w1 except to b5efit ! _w8--,"l4 #ca4 ,x is true t no language is ev] s f> gone 9 consumption z to be beyond ! great-poet-cure4--,l[ell4 #cb4 ,we 7 br\ght up to believe 9 gho/s4--,page4 #cc4 ,!y are e>ne/ly reque/$ to leave ?is pap] to "y p]sons f ! age ( twelve to t ( f\rscore ye>s & t54--,holmes4 #cd4 ,let u s live :5 we are up1 t we %all =get we h ev] be5 d[n4--,/ockton4 #ce4 ,"k h[ sublime a ?+ x is ,to suff] & be /rong4--,longfell[4 #cf4 ,9 o!r l&s ! man ( :om y are a regul> pur*as] s]ves y well2 9 ,italy he conceives t 8 long s]vice gives him ! "r to plund] y if possible4--,h[ells4 #cg4 ,x seem$ a "t to /rike a bl[ = fre$om4--,motley4 #ch4 ,! vilification :i* 0 p\r$ on ,lu!r & 8 do+s 0 s bitt] z to be ludicr\s4--,drap]4 #ci4 ,%e _h ! natural t5d5cy ( excell5t p to place o!rs 9 subjection4--,h[ells4 #dj4 ,x is su* a sad ?+ to be born a sneak+ fell[1 s mu* worse ?an to inh]it a hump-back4--,holmes4 #da4 ,?is1 z ,i he>d be=e1 c\ld be let fall 9 a mom5t s z to cru% a score ( m5 & b> ! approa* ( horses4--,blackmore4 #db4 ,aft] /ruggl+ = "s "t 9 ! deep wat] he sank to rise no m4--,old ,deccan ,days4 #dc4 ,i "k ,i us$ to %ake ! y\nge/ ( !m ) my h&s1 /\t z x is n[1 ) a trunk t w\ld defy ! bully ( ,crotona4--,holmes4 #dd4 ,b ,sigurd is too exp]i5c$ a *iefta9 to walk into ?is trap4--,boyes54 #de4 ,ask y\rself s]i\sly :e!r y are fit to read su* revelations z are to foll[4--,holmes4 #df4 ,to sum up 8 p]sonal enormities1 :5 he spoke he _h a practice ( always advanc+ 8 face z close z possible to ! p]son he 0 address+4--,miss ,f]ri]4 #dg4 ,! "o secret ( life & developm5t is n to devise & plan1 b to fall 9 ) ! =ces at "w1--to d e mom5t's duty aright4--,mac,donald4 #dh4 ,! bless$ "w ( help+ ! _w =w>d happily does n wait to be done by p]fect m54--,george ,eliot4 #di4 ,v>i\s ef=ts 7 made to allay ! panic among ! native troops4--,mc,carthy4 #ej4 ,= ?is notion ,johnson has ?\ght fit to make him ! butt ( mu* clumsy ridicule4--,macaulay4 #ea4 ,( c\rse ,m[gli1 z a woodcutt]'s *ild1 inh]it$ all sorts ( in/9cts1 & us$ to make little play-huts ( fall5 bran*es )\t ?9k+ h[ he came to d x4--,kipl+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,! ,,p>ticipial ,,phrase ,! p>ticiple has be5 def9$ by gramm>ians z a v]bal adjective4 ,!y d n mean t x limits or qualifies ! mean+ ( a n\n z an adjective does4 ,v few p>ticiples d t4 ,!y mean only t x is br\ght into ! s5t5ce = ! purpose ( tell+ some?+ ab\t "s n\n4 ,x is n usually s close a modifi] ( ! n\n1 ei!r 9 relation or position1 z _m o!r n\n adjuncts are2 (t5 x is s loosely jo9$ to its n\n z to seem almo/ l a p>5!tical elem5t4 ,:5 ! n\n x modifies is ! subject ( ! s5t5ce1 !n ! great importance ( ! p>ticiple z a s5t5ce-elem5t lies 9 ! fact t x is a conv5i5t means ( avoid+ a pr$ication4 ,p>ticipial ,=ms4--,! p>ticipial =ms ( ! transitive v]b are six4 ,active--,see+1 hav+ se54 ,active progressive--,hav+ be5 see+4 ,passive--,be+ se51 se51 hav+ be5 se54 ,! p>ticiples ( ! intransitive v]b are f\r4 ,common =m--,go+1 gone1 hav+ gone4 ,progressive--,hav+ be5 go+4 ,,note4--,we frequ5tly meet ^! comb9ations ( words3 be+ gone1 hav+ be5 gone4 ,!y are n passive p>ticiples ( ! v]b g1 = !y d n d5ote action receiv$ any m ?an d ! phrases be+ sick & hav+ be5 sick4 ,! ^w gone is a p>ticiple us$ z an adjective complem5t ( ! p>ticiples be+ & hav+ be51 j z ! ^w sick is us$4 ,?is is a v common con/ruction1 se5 9 su* famili> s5t5ces z ! foll[+1--,he is ris51 ! tree is fall51 ! coat is badly worn1 y are mi/ak51 ! meat is done4 ,9 all ^! in/ances ! p>ticiples d5ote a condition ( ! subject1 & are !re=e complem5ts ( ! v]b4 ,! mo/ common use ( ! simple p>ticipial =ms1 l see+ & se51 is to help =m progressive v]b-phrases & passive v]b-phrases2 ?us1 is see+1 %all be see+1 might h be5 see+2 is se51 %all be se51 might h be5 se54 ,^! phrases are n to be sep>at$ into _! con/itu5t p>ts1 h[ev]1 b are to be treat$ z s+le v]bs1 h5ce we are n conc]n$ ) ! p>ticiples !y conta94 99 99 99 99 99 ,uses ( ! ,p>ticiple4--#a4 ,! p>ticipial adjective4--,! "o use ( ! p>ticiple :i* is almo/ id5tical ) t ( ! adjective is se5 9 su* expressions z runn+ wat]1 trott+ horse1 educat$ man1 spoil$ *ild4 ,"h ! idea ,( action is n s prom95t z t ( quality4 ,"s ( ^! p>ticiples h become s f> l adjectives z to admit ( comp>ison2 = example1 /rik+ 9 su* an expression z /rik+ appe>ance1 or deceiv+ 9 deceiv+ /ory4 ,"s ( !m1 too1 may be modifi$ by v1 :i* is nev] a v]b modifi]2 z1 lov+ 9 v lov+ *ildr54 ,?is p>ticiple is sometimes us$ sub/antively2 ?us1 8,! lov+ are ! d>+40 8,! sla9 7 left to die40 ,( c\rse su* a ^w z p is und]/ood aft] ^! p>ticiples1 & 9 analyz+ ^! s5t5ces x may be suppli$ if "o s desires1 b x is no m necess>y ?an x is 9 ! s5t5ces1--8,! good are happy1 ! righte\s are bless$10 :]e a qualify+ adjective is us$ z a n\n4 #b4 ,! p>ticipial phrase z a sub/itute = a proposition4--,we come n[ to ^? frequ5t & important uses ( ! p>ticiple :]e x saves a pr$ication4 ,x usually has o!r words associat$ ) x1 ei!r z complem5t or modifi]s1 ! :ole gr\p =m+ a p>ticipial phrase4 7a7 ,! p>ticipial phrase may take ! place ( an adjective clause2 z1 8,! use ( ! c>tridges compla9$ ( 0 discont9u$ by ord]s issu$ 9 ,janu>y #aheg40--,mc,carthy4 ,! p>ticiple is "h equival5t to a re/rictive adjective clause po9t+ out ! p>ticul> c>tridges4 ,j z (t5 ! p>ticipial phrase is equival5t to an unre/rictive clause1 & !n x is v mu* l an appositive modifi]2 z1 8,! fir/ p]son ,i met 0 a poor old woman1 a little b[$ d[n ) age1 ga!r+ grapes into a l>ge basket40--,longfell[4 7b7 ,! p>ticipial phrase may take ! place ( an adv]bial clause2 z1 8,&1 hav+ once ta/$ a life l ?is1 he c\ld no m return to :at he _h left beh9d him40--,boyes54 ,"h ! p>ticipial phrase tells u :y he c\ld no m return to :at he _h left beh9d him4 ,if ?is idea 7 diff]5tly express$1 we %\ld h ei!r a prepositional phrase modify+ ! pr$icate or an adv]bial clause ( cause introduc$ by s9ce4 ,b all ?is does n make ! phrase a grammatical adjunct ( ! pr$icate4 ,in/ead x is an adjunct ( ! subject he4 ,if x 7 exp&$ into a clause1 ! subject he w\ld h to be suppli$ & ! phrase w\ld become a pr$icate4 ,n[1 z pr$icate x w\ld tell some?+ ab\t ! subject he2 & x does n cease to d ?is :5 x is *ang$ to a p>ticipial phrase4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,geikie1--8,ent]+ ! pollut$ ,temple space1 & gaz+ r\nd on ! tumult & manifold defilem5t1 ,he c\ld n rema9 impassive10 ! phrase is pla9ly equival5t 9 mean+ to an adv]bial clause1 tell+ :5 7& 9 "s degree :y7 he c\ld n rema9 impassive4 ,b grammatically ! phrase is an adjunct ( ! subject ,he4 ,le/ x %\ld n be p]fectly cle> to ! read] :at p>ticul> relation ! p>ticipial phrase is int5d$ to d5ote1 ! au?or (t5 indicates ! relation by ! same conjunction t he w\ld use to introduce an adv]bial clause2 z1 8,b we mu/ above all o!r ?+s take into acc\nt1 :5 consid]+ ! position ( ! ,h9doo ,sepoy1 ! influ5ce ( ! trem5d\s in/itution ( ca/e40--,mc,carthy4 ,)\t :5 ! read]'s fir/ ?\ght w\ld be t ! phrase d5otes cause4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce f ,coop]1--8,b ! vessels ( :i* we write1 ?\gh con/ruct$ at s remote a p]iod1 w\ld h done cr$it to ! improvem5ts ( our own "t10 ! concessive phrase might h be5 int]pret$ z causal1 if ?\gh _h n be5 ins]t$4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce f ,haml9 ,g>l&1--8,ea* s\l 0 solemn1 z if fac+ ! ,mak] ( ! _w10 ! fact t ! phrase d5otes mann] is made evid5t by ! conjunction z if4 ,any conjunction us$ l :51 ?\gh1 z if 9 ! s5t5ces quot$1 may be said to introduce ! p>ticipial phrase & to indicate its relation4 ,,note4--,9 all su* s5t5ces z ! above1 :]e ! p>ticipial phrase is introduc$ by a subord9at+ conjunction1 x is p]fectly prop]1 be=e analyz+1 to supply ! words necess>y to make ! p>ticipial phrase into an adv]bial clause4 ,x is m satisfactory1 inde$1 to d ?is except 9 a few cases :]e su* an expansion gives a v]b t does n h>monize 9 t5se or =m ( conjugation ) ! v]b 9 ! pr9cipal proposition2 = example1 8,?\gh hold+ no (fice & /eadily refus+ an election to ! ,/or?+1 he has be5 ! life & s\l ( ! lib]al p>ty40--,boyes54 ,"h ! concord ( t5ses w\ld call = has held & has refus$ 9 ! concessive clause in/ead ( ! progressive v]b-phrases has be5 hold+ & has be5 refus+4 7c7 ,! absolute phrase z a sub/itute = a dep5d5t proposition4--,9 all ! prec$+ examples ! sub/itution ( a p>ticipial phrase = a clause 0 made easy by ! fact t ! subject ( ! clause 0 ! same z ! subject ( ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,:5 ! subject is n ! same1 ! clause is cond5s$ into :at has be5 t]m$ an absolute phrase2 z1 8,nature1 h] pati5ce ) him be+ end$1 leaves him desolate40--,c>lyle4 ,! absolute phrase consi/s ess5tially ( a sub/antive & a p>ticiple1 hav+ to ea* o!r ! logical relation ( subject & pr$icate4 ,9 ! s5t5ce quot$ ! phrase is equival5t to ! adv]bial clause ( cause1 because h] pati5ce ) him is end$4 ,! absolute phrase is usually said to be grammatically indep5d5t1 b x is s frequ5tly us$ z to be a regul> ,engli% con/ruction n[1 & z su* may be said to modify ! pr$icate ( ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,notice t x is n a p>ticipial phrase t modifies ! pr$icate2 x is an absolute phrase4 ,! p>ticipial phrase is only "o ( ! two equal p>ts ( ! absolute phrase2 x c h>dly be said to modify ! n\n1 :i* is ! o!r "p1 b x /&s side by side ) ! n\n to make an absolute phrase4 ,! absolute phrase d5otes o!r relations ?an t ( cause4 ,! mo/ common are concession & "t2 z1 8,0 ,oliv] ,cromwell1 8 bitt]e/ enemies !mselves be+ judges1 de/itute ( private virtues80--,macaulay4 8,night com+ on1 !y broke ! bolts ( ! ,t[n gates40--,c>lyle4 7d7 ,! *ief use ( ! absolute phrase is to take ! place ( an indep5d5t proposition2 ?us1 8,a *ild ( ?ree sat up 9 8 crib & scream$ at ! top ( 8 voice1 8 fi/s cl9*$ & 8 eyes full ( t]ror40--,kipl+4 ,"h ! absolute phrases h no relation ( "t1 cause1 concession1 etc41 to ! pr9cipal proposition1 h5ce are n modifi]s4 ,if exp&$ into propositions ^! phrases w\ld only add cord9ate ?\ghts to ! fir/ "o--8,8 fi/s 7 cl9*$10 & 88 eyes 7 full ( t]ror40 ,x is be/ to call su* phrases accompanim5ts ( ! pr$icate in/ead ( modifi]s4 ,,note4--,f ! s5t5ce j quot$ we le>n t ! absolute phrase does n always conta9 a p>ticiple2 x may consi/ ( a sub/antive & an adjective1 z 9 8 eyes full ( t]ror4 ,we also f9d absolute phrases 9 :i* a prepositional phrase takes ! place ( ! p>ticiple2 z1 8,he left my side1 a summ] bloom on 8 fair *eeks1 a smile p>t+ 8 innoc5t lips40--,miss ,mit=d4 ,x is ev5 possible to make an absolute phrase ( two sub/antives z1 8,h>greaves & ,arkwright1 bo? ,engli%m51 inv5t$ & improv$ sp9n+ & weav+ ma*9]y40 ,x w\ld be prop] to supply ! p>ticiple be+ be=e ei!r ! adjective1 ! prepositional phrase1 or ! n\n1 b x is be/ to dispose ( con/ructions j z we f9d !m4 ,a con/ruction p>allel to ! absolute phrase is f\nd 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,half way up ! hill he met ,baghe]a ) ! morn+ dew %9+ l moon/ones on 8 coat40--,kipl+4 ,"h ! object ( ! preposition ) is ! :ole gr\p ( words foll[+ x1 & ( ?is gr\p ! base-words are ! n\n dew & ! p>ticiple %9+1 :i* h ! logical relation ( subject & pr$icate4 ,?is is a v common con/ruction aft] ! prepositions ) & )\t4 #c4 ,! p>ticipial phrase (t5 takes ! place n ( a :ole proposition b only ( a pr$icate2 = example1 8,we/w>d on ! banks ( ! ,?ames1 ! t[]s ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey /& gu>d+ ! a%es ( ,engl&'s greate/ m540 ,! mean+ "h is1 ! t[]s /& & gu>d2 b by means ( ! p>ticiple "o ( ^! pr$icates is subord9at$ to ! o!r4 ,! p>ticipial phrase is n s mu* a complem5t ( ! v]b /& z an accompanim5t ( x2 at ! same "t x tells an attribute ( ! subject4 ,a con/ruction seem+ly l ! "o j giv51 b 9 reality diff]5t1 is f\nd aft] v]bs ( go+ or com+4 ,^! v]bs may be foll[$ by p>ticiples :i* tell n an accompany+ action1 b h[ ! go+ or com+ is accompli%$2 z1 8,sometimes a w&]+ leaf came float+ & wav]+ d[nw>d1 & settl$ on ! wat]40--,longfell[4 ,?is does n mean t ! leaf came & float$ & wav]$1 b only t x float$ & wav]$1 & ^! actions 7 ! means ( its com+4 ,su* a p>ticiple is truly a modifi] ( ! v]b4 #d4 ,! p>ticiple z "p ( a d\ble object4--,aft] a few v]bs l keep1 f9d1 see1 he>1 feel1 h1 we f9d ! p>ticiple tak+ ! place ( ! inf9itive 9 a d\ble object4 ,! p>ticiple is almo/ always *os5 :5 a passive con/ruction is ne$$2 z1 8,! saddle fell to e>?1 & he he>d x trampl$ "u-foot by 8 pursu]40--,irv+4 ,:5 ! active con/ruction is call$ =1 ! advantage ( ! p>ticiple ov] ! inf9itive is t x gives ! idea ( long] cont9uance ( ! action2 z1 8,j !n he he>d ! black /e$ pant+ & bl[+ close beh9d him40--,irv+4 ,! expression kept me wait+ is grammatically equival5t to made me wait4 #e4 ,!re are two con/ructions ( ! p>ticiple t are q diff]5t f any ( ^? cit$1 be+ deviations f its ord9>y use4 7a7 ,! p>ticiple us$ adv]bially to d5ote degree2 ?us1 boil+ hot1 /++ cold1 dripp+ wet4 ,"h ! p>ticiples unmi/akably modify adjectives4 7b7 ,! p>ticiple us$ indep5d5tly2 ?us1 8,speak+ ( ^? yell[ squa%-bugs1 ,i ?9k ,i di%e>t5$ !m by cov]+ ! plants s deep ) soot & wood-a%es t !y c\ld n f9d !m40--,w>n]4 ,?is p>ticipial phrase corresponds to ! inf9itive phrase us$ indep5d5tly1 ?\gh x is m r>ely met4 ,ex]cise #be ,dispose ( all p>ticiples or p>ticipial phrases 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,he 0 not$ = 8 success 9 captur+ ,spani% %ips freight$ ) silv] f ! m9es ( ,mexico & ,p]u4 #b4 ,!y came & w5t re/lessly1 sitt+ d[n & knock+ _! /eel scabb>ds aga9/ ! tables1 or ris+ & /raddl+ (f ) _! long swords kick+ aga9/ _! legs4--,h[ells4 #c4 ,! gir?s ( ! saddle gave way & he felt x slipp+ f "u him4--,irv+4 #d4 ,! populations ( ,india became /rick5 ) al>m z !y saw _! native pr9ces ?us successively de?ron$4--,mc,carthy4 #e4 ,%e 0 dress$ to please h] own fancy1 evid5tly1 ) small reg>d to ! modes decl>$ correct by ! ,rockl& mill9]s & mantua-mak]s4--,holmes4 #f4 ,kn[+ t ,i h no "r to speak "h1 ,i ask y\r leave4--,kipl+4 #g4 ,liv+/one taught himself ,lat9 gramm> :ile work+ at ! loom4 #h4 ,^! ?ree gu9eas d$uct$1 ,i /ill _h n9e1 or !reab\ts4--,de ,qu9cey4 #i4 ,speak+ 9 q un(ficial language1 :at is ! net purpose & up%ot ( w>8--,c>lyle4 #aj4 ,! fog came p\r+ 9 at e *9k & keyhole4--,dick5s4 #aa4 ,?us inundat$ by mighty riv]s1 quak+ b5ea? ! level ( ! ocean1 belt$ ab\t by hirsute =e/s1 ?is l[ l&1 ne!r l&1 holl[ l&1 or ,holl&1 seem$ h>dly des]v+ ! arms ( ! all-accompli%$ ,roman4--,motley4 #ab4 ,! writ+ is a k9d ( pugilism--! /rokes be+ made /raight out f ! %\ld]4--,h[ells4 #ac4 ,"m ,wolf lay ) h] big gray nose dropp$ across h] f\r tumbl+1 squeal+ cubs1 & ! moon %one into ! m\? ( ! cave :]e !y all liv$4--,kipl+4 #ad4 ,! s*oolma/] n[ be/[$ bo? :ip & heel ^u ! />vel+ ribs ( old ,gunp[d]1 :o da%$ =w>d1 snuffl+ & snort+4--,irv+4 #ae4 ,at la/ he he>d !m ent]+ ! defile4 #af4 ,five lakes are spread ov] ! valley1 occupy+ "o t5? ( its surface4--,prescott4 #ag4 ,mrs4 ,crat*it made ! gravy hiss+ hot4--,dick5s4 #ah4 ,! riv] 0 swoll5 ) ! long ra9s4--,/ev5son4 #ai4 ,f>ms1 /ripp$ ( _! f5ces & des]t$ by _! own]s1 _h = ye>s produc$ only we$s4--,greeley4 #bj4 ,grant+ ! horse1 grant+ good companion%ip1 grant+ a good seat1 & a pleasant day1 a horseback ride c]ta9ly does unite all ! requisites = heal?ful ex]cise4--,hale4 #ba4 ,i h sometimes be5 puzzl$ 9 ,v5ice to "k :y *ur*es %\ld keep cats1 *ur*-mice be+ prov]bially s poor & s little capable ( su/a9+ a cat 9 good condition4--,h[ells4 #bb4 ,h] heavy black hair lay 9 a braid$ coil1 ) a long gold p9 %ot ?r\gh x l a javel94--,holmes4 #bc4 ,?irty ye>s ago1 ,la/ ,isl& lay /eep$ 9 ! enorm\s light ( ev5 su* magical days4--,he>n4 #bd4 ,! t[] _h j be5 vacat$ by ! g>rison1 :o1 he>+ ( ! approa* ( ! ,au/rians1 _h fl$1 leav+ _! arms1 consi/+ ( ?irty excell5t muskets4 #be4 ,& !n aga9 a ?\s& e*oes g boom+ along ! iron-b\nd coa/4--,black4 #bf4 ,y see x gr[+ gradually less d5se4--,tyndall4 #bg4 ,t\*+ ! ,giant's ,/airs 9 ! c\rt ( ! palace1 ! inexecrable dates w\ld n p]mit me to re/ 9 ! delusion t ! head ( ,m>9 ,fali] _h once bloodily /a9$ !m z x roll$ to ! gr\nd4--,h[ells4 #bh4 ,! air 0 bit+ & smell$ ( fro/4--,/ev5son4 #bi4 ,! w9d1 ro>+ r\nd its broad v]&as1 hiss+ ?r\gh e crevice ) ! s\nd & =ce ( /eam1 appe>$ to wa/e its rage4--,he>n4 #cj4 ,away !n !y da%$1 ?r\gh ?ick & ?91 /ones fly+ & sp>ks fla%+ at e b\nd4--,irv+4 #ca4 ,ly+ d[n on ! grass1 ,i spoke 9 my s\l to ! e>?1 ! sun1 ! air1 & ! di/ant sea f> beyond sight4--,jeff]ies4 #cb4 ,daffodils p]i%$ l crim9als 9 _! condemn$ caps )\t _! petals ev] see+ daylight4--,holmes4 #cc4 ,!y advanc$ s++ & %\t+ _! w> cries1 briskly *>g+ ! enemy1 z rapidly retreat+ & mak+ use ( ambuscades1 sudd5 surprises1 & ! light skirmi% ( gu]illa w>f>e4--,prescott4 #cd4 ,lo/ weal? may be replac$ by indu/ry1 lo/ k by /udy1 lo/ heal? by temp]ance or m$ic9e2 b lo/ "t is gone =ev]4 #ce4 ,b today be+ ,saturday r complicates matt]s4--,conan ,doyle4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,! ,,g]und ,! g]und1 or inf9itive 9 -+1 is sub/antive 9 its nature1 = l ! root inf9itive x names ! action or /ate ass]t$ by ! v]b4 ,x is n s easily id5tifi$ 9 ! s5t5ce z ! root inf9itive1 h[ev]1 = 9 =m x is precisely l ! p>ticiple1 f :i* x has to be di/+ui%$ entirely by its use4 ,! =ms ( ! g]und are %[n 9 ! foll[+ examples3-- #a4 ,! transitive v]b see3 ,active--see+1 hav+ se54 ,active progressive--hav+ be5 see+4 ,passive--be+ se51 hav+ be5 se54 #b4 ,! intransitive v]b rise3 ,common =m--ris+1 hav+ ris54 ,progressive =m--hav+ be5 ris+4 ,! use ( ! g]und is almo/ entirely re/rict$ to t ( ! n\n4 ,:5 f\nd )\t adjuncts x does n mat]ially diff] f ! n\n2 = example1 ,pa9t+ is a f9e art4 ,b usually ! v]b-nature ( ! g]und is prom95t z well z its n\n-use1 = usually x is accompani$ by a complem5t or adv]bial modifi]s2 z1 8,! ne$ ( feel+ responsible all ! livelong day has be5 prea*$ long en\gh 9 our ,new ,engl&40--,wm4 ,james4 ,! g]und toge!r ) its adjuncts =ms a g]und-phrase4 ,x has c]ta9 advantages ov] ! root inf9itive4 ,9 _m places x is pref]able because x gives ! idea ( an action 9 progress4 ,x is also employ$ 9 relation to "s words :]e usage does n p]mit ! root inf9itive4 ,fur!rmore1 its sub/antive nature comes out m prom95tly ?an t ( ! root inf9itive1 = l ! n\n x may be modifi$ by an article or a possessive2 ?us1 8,pascal said t mo/ ( ! evils ( life arose f man's be+ unable to sit /ill 9 a room40--,bagehot4 ,i4 ,! g]und us$ z a n\n4 #a4 ,subject ( a v]b2 z1 8,ly+ 9 b$ & li/5+ to _! dre>y music _h a pleasure 9 x40--,holmes4 #b4 ,object ( a v]b2 z1 8,i rememb] be+ told t x 0 ! s\nd ( ! waves40--,holmes4 #c4 ,objective complem5t2 z1 8,if a *ild f9ds itself 9 want ( any?+ x runs 9 & asks its fa!r = x--does x call t do+ its fa!r a s]vice80--,rusk94 ,"h ! g]und phrase helps to complete ! v]b does call & at ! same "t is an attribute ( ! direct object t4 #d4 ,subjective complem5t2 z1 8,! fir/ ( all ,engli% games is mak+ money40--,rusk94 #e4 ,appositive modifi]2 z1 8,i recomm5d ?is mo/ fai?ful =m ( read+--le>n+ by he>t40 #f4 ,object ( a preposition2 z1 8,nelson attribut$ all 8 success 9 life to hav+ be5 a qu>t] ( an h\r be=e 8 "t40 ,?is is ! commone/ use ( ! g]und1 = :ile ! root inf9itive may be us$ aft] v few prepositions1 ! g]und may be us$ aft] _m4 #g4 ,objective adv]bial4--,! adjective wor? is usually foll[$ by a n\n t expresses a measure ( value1 answ]+ ! "q wor? h[ mu*8 or wor? :at8 ,x may be foll[$ by a g]und answ]+ ! same "q2 z1 8,t is wor? pay+ =40--,w>n]4 ,,ii4 ,! g]und us$ adjectively4--,we f9d ! g]und us$ adjectively 9 su* expressions z sleep+-c>1 m\rn+-robes1 d9+-table1 eat+-apples4 ,^! g]unds seem at fir/ l ! p>ticiples 9 su* expressions z s++-bird1 %oot+-/>1 b>k+-dog2 b !y are n l p>ticiples 9 mean+1 z c be prov$ by *ang+ !m to equival5t elem5ts ( o!r k9ds4 ,a s++-bird is a bird t s+s1 b a sleep+-c> is n a c> t sleeps2 x is a c> = sleep+ 94 99 99 99 99 99 ,peculi> ,con/ructions4--,x _c always be settl$ to "o's entire satisfaction :e!r a c]ta9 elem5t is a p>ticiple or a g]und4 ,9 ord] to decide "o mu/ "k j h[ a c]ta9 expression came to be1 t is1 ( :at e>li] & old] =m x is a developm5t4 ,sometimes x seems impossible to asc]ta9 ?is4 ,= in/ance1 take ! s5t5ce1 8,nanny has be5 busy iron+ ?is ev5+40--,george ,eliot4 ,is iron+ a p>ticiple1 & does ! ord] ( words 9 ?is s5t5ce arise f a transposition ( ! s5t5ce1--8,nanny1 iron+1 has be5 busy ?is ev5+08 ,or is iron+ a g]und1 & is ?is s5t5ce a p>allel con/ruction )1 8,nanny has be5 busy at h] iron+ ?is ev5+08 ,ei!r int]pretation ( ! s5t5ce is a s5sible "o4 ,ano!r puzzl+ in/ance is f\nd 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,he 0 two weeks le>n+ to use 8 flipp]s40--,kipl+4 ,is le>n+ a "p ( ! progressive v]b-phrase 0 le>n+1 & does ! s5t5ce mean1 8,he 0 le>n+ to use 8 flipp]s dur+ two weeks08 ,or is le>n+ a g]und1 object ( at und]/ood1 t is1 is ! s5t5ce a p>allel con/ruction ) ?is1--8,y 7 a long "t at x08 ,"o _c pron\nce ) c]ta9ty on ?is po9t1 b mu/ *oose ! con/ruction t seems to him mo/ reasonable4 ,ex]cise #bf ,dispose ( all g]unds or g]und-phrases 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,a s]i\s p]c5tage ( books are n wor? read+ at all4--,f4 ,h>rison4 #b4 ,aft] a qu>t] ( an h\r's *ipp+ & hamm]+ ) v little result1 he paus$ to re/4--,j4 ,haw?orne4 #c4 ,! cat did n l be+ :ipp$1 & %e 0 /ill m annoy$ at hav+ be5 caught /eal+4--,old ,deccan ,days4 #d4 ,answ]+ ( ?is "q is giv+ u ! s\l ( ! hi/ory ( ! man or nation4--,c>lyle4 #e4 ,! only drawback to my rejoic+ ov] ! f9i%+ ( ! fir/ hoe+ is t ! g>d5 n[ wants hoe+ ! second "t4--,w>n]4 #f4 ,i wond] :5 ,engli%m5 w le>n ^! hospitable graces4 ,!y are wor? le>n+4--,/ev5son4 #g4 ,:at 0 call$ gov]n+ !m meant only we>+ f9e clo!s & liv+ on good f>e at _! exp5se4--,rusk94 #h4 ,!re are b ?ree ways ( liv+2 by work+1 by /eal+ or by begg+4--,fr\de4 #i4 ,he sp5t all ! day roam+ ov] ! h\se4--,kipl+4 #aj4 ,i believe !y f9d adorn+ ! body a m pr(itable vocation ?an adorn+ ! m9d4--,miss ,mit=d4 #aa4 ,%e promis$ to befri5d him & advis$ 8 disguis+ himself1 le/ ! ,magician %\ld see him & turn him likewise into /one4--,old ,deccan ,days4 #ab4 ,! buy+ a new coat is z to ! co/ ( x a mu* m important matt] ( consid]ation to me ?an build+ a new ,ex*ange is to y4--,rusk94 #ac4 ,%e _h be5 busy all ! morn+ mak+ tea-bread & sponge-cakes4--,mrs4 ,gaskell4 #ad4 ,x is n ! f9d+ ( a ?+1 b ! mak+ some?+ out ( x aft] x is f\nd1 t is ( consequ5ce4--,l[ell4 #ae4 ,a p]fectly tru?ful man1 :o loves tru? = its own sake1 is n cont5t$ ) be+ z tru?ful z o!r p4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #af4 ,x'll be no use _! putt+ _! heads d[n & say+1 8,come up aga91 de>60--,lewis ,c>roll4 ,ex]cise #bg ,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,miss ,b9son 01 to quote h] neighbors1 a little too %>p-set4--,miss ,jewett4 #b4 ,on %e came1 sway+1 rock+1 plung+1 ) a great :it5ess wrapp+ h] ab\t l a cl\d1 & mov+ ) h] mov+4--,he>n4 #c4 ,a m9d mu/ "w to gr[4--,c4 ,w4 ,eliot4 #d4 ,ev]ybody loves to he> ( /range cases2 p are eag] to tell ! doctor ( ! wond]ful cures !y h he>d (2 !y want to "k :at is ! matt] ) somebody or o!r :o is said to be suff]+ f a complication ( diseases1 & above all to get a h>d "n1 ,greek or ,lat91 = "s compla9t :i* s\nds altoge!r too commonplace 9 pla9 ,engli%4--,holmes4 #e4 ,& at ! same "t he hat$ hav+ to break ) old associations1 & to "p f any?+ to :i* he _h be5 long accu/om$4--,a+]4 #f4 ,x paus$ !re an in/ant1 ) its =e qu>t]s 9 ! doorway1 "o =e foot rais$1 ! end ( its long tail wav+4--,j4 ,l4 ,all54 #g4 ,to h :at we want is ri*es1 b to be able to d )\t is p[]4--,mac,donald4 #h4 ,! s]geants1 see+ ^! ?+s1 told him secrets g5]ally hid f "y (fic]s4--,kipl+4 #i4 ,*ildr5 le>n to speak by wat*+ ! lips & cat*+ ! words ( ^? :o "k h[ already4--,l[ell4 #aj4 ,/r5g? ( w is ! p[] to resi/1 to p]si/1 to endure1 to attack1 to conqu] ob/acles1 to snat* success f ! jaws ( dea? & despair4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #aa4 ,! waves ( ye/]day are gone today2 & ! calm ( today w be tumultu\s tomorr[4--,bee*]4 #ab4 ,to suff] & to d1 t 0 ?y portion 9 ?is life4--,de ,qu9cey4 #ac4 ,! city seems to bur/ into song ) ! adv5t ( ^! gold5 days & silv] nights4--,h[ells4 #ad4 ,to tell ! tru?1 ! day 0 s f9e t he regrett$ go+ 9-doors4--,a4 ,s4 ,h>dy4 #ae4 ,x 7education7 meant ! lead+ along ! baby till he became ! quick1 hone/1 & fe>less boy4--,hale4 #af4 ,! potato1 usually plant$ 9 ! vegetable mold left by rec5tly ext]m9at$ =e/s1 yield$ its edible tub]s ) a b\nte\s pr(usion unkn[n to ! husb&ry ( our day4--,greeley4 #ag4 ,born 9 ! c\ntry he 0 ignorant z a sign-po/ ( :at came out ( ! soil4--,j4 ,t4 ,fields4 #ah4 ,x is a great deal bett] to live a holy life ?an to talk ab\t x4--,moody4 #ai4 ,an h\r's read+ ( ^! newspap] p>agraphs made a boy's he>t sick )9 him & caus$ a resolve to %oot up 9 x t he w\ld turn him "r ab\t & classify him 9 future ) q a diff]5t ord] ( boys4--,annie ,pre/on4 #bj4 ,he 0 nev] kn[n to laugh4--,irv+4 #ba4 ,he mu/ h _h r dull feel+s n to h look$ =w>d ) "s int]e/ to h] entrance into ! room4--,george ,eliot4 #bb4 ,! /r5g? ( ! ,briti% ,empire lies 9 ! /r5g? ( "* ( ! individual ,engli%man tak5 all alone by himself4--,wm4 ,james4 #bc4 ,= a "t he 0 afraid ( be+ dropp$2 !n he grew angry1 b he knew bett] ?an to /ruggle2 & !n he began to ?9k4--,kipl+4 #bd4 ,arti/s1 poets1 & musicians are apt to be irritable4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #be4 ,! be/ way to put boyi%ness to %ame is to fo/] s*ol>%ip & manl9ess4--,c4 ,w4 ,eliot4 #bf4 ,at any rate1 ,i us$ to hide my eyes f ! sloops & s*oon]s t 7 wont to lie at ! end ( ! bridge4--,holmes4 #bg4 ,we 7 dismay$ to behold ! injur$ husb& & 8 ab&on$ foe playfully scuffl+ beh9d ! sc5es4--,h[ells4 #bh4 ,he 0 always be+ cur$ )\t improv+ 8 heal?4--,/eph54 #bi4 ,:at di/+ui%es ! ,norseman above o!r nations is1 g5]ally speak+1 an inde/ructible self-respect & =ce ( individuality4--,boyes54 #cj4 ,he 0 too %ackl$ ) weakness to cry out1 to /& up4--,j4 ,l4 ,all54 #ca4 ,he _h sp5t half 8 y\? ) an old] bro!r hunt+ horses 9 ,texas4--,hale4 #cb4 ,^? :o "w des]ve to eat2 ^? :o d n "w des]ve to />ve4--,fr\de4 #cc4 ,at pres5t ! p5ny 0 d\bly de> to him1 hav+ be5 long lo/ & lately f\nd4--,b>rie4 #cd4 ,sunday is com+ to /& = p]spiration1 n inspiration4--,hillis4 #ce4 ,! art ( kn[+ :5 "o is ne$$ is m difficult ?an t ( help+4--,a4 ,s4 ,h>dy4 #cf4 ,i _c b ?9k t ! t5nis & tramp+ & skat+ habits & ! bicycle craze1 :i* are s rapidly ext5d+ among our de> si/]s & daught]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 are go+ also to lead to a s\nd] & he>ti] moral tone1 :i* w s5d its tonic brea? ?r\gh all our ,am]ican life4--,wm4 ,james4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,prepositional ,,phrase ,function4--,no o!r s5t5ce-elem5t is m frequ5tly employ$ or m useful = ! precise expression ( ?\ght ?an ! prepositional phrase4 ,by its aid we c def9e exactly ! scope ( a n\n1 a v]b1 or an adjective4 ,?is is due n to ! great numb] ( prepositions 9 ! ,engli% language1 = !re are n a hundr$ 9 all1 b to ! _m diff]5t relations t may be d5ot$ by "o preposition4 ,a /rik+ illu/ration ( ?is is f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 8,"o ( ! useful & grateful tasks ( hi/orians & biograph]s is to br+ =w>d to ! eye ( e new g5]ation ( m5 & wom5 ^? illu/ri\s *>act]s :o made a great figure 9 ! days ( _! gr&fa!rs & gr&mo!rs1 yet :o h ne>ly fad$ out ( sight 9 ! ru% ( new ev5ts & int]e/s1 & ! rise ( new />s 9 ! intellectual firmam5t40--,"l4 ,"h we f9d ! preposition ( us$ eight times & express+ almo/ z _m diff]5t relations4 ,! fir/ (-phrase1 ( ! useful & grateful tasks ( hi/orians & biograph]s1 s]ves to po9t out ! :ole gr\p or class ( ?+s f :i* ! "o ?+ talk$ ab\t is select$4 ,! second phrase1 ( hi/orians & biograph]s1 limits tasks by tell+ :o p]=m$ ^! tasks4 ,! ?ird phrase ( e new g5]ation ( m5 & wom51 limits eyes by tell+ ^: eyes are meant4 ,! f\r? phrase1 ( m5 & wom51 limits ! application ( ! n\n g5]ation to human be+s only1 & br+s 9 ! n\ns m5 & wom5 to s]ve z antec$5ts ( ! pron\n _! lat] 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,! fif? phrase1 ( _! gr&fa!rs & gr&mo!rs1 specifies :at days by locat+ !m 9 ! pa/4 ,! six? phrase out ( sight1 has ! preposition ( re9=c$ by out s t ! two words are equival5t to f1 & ?us ! phrase d5otes n only place b movem5t away f x4 ,! sev5? phrase1 ( new ev5ts & int]e/s1 & ! eigh?1 ( new />s1 are alike 9 function2 !y tell :at ?+s ru% & rise4 ,e "o ( ^! phrases except out ( sight modifies a n\n2 b j z (t5 a phrase introduc$ by ( modifies a v]b or an adjective4 ,z soon z we he> ! adjectives capable1 full1 glad1 jeal\s1 pr\d1 rid1 sure1 we>y1 d we n expect an answ] to ! "q1 capable ( :at8 full ( :at8 glad ( :at8 etc4 ,& d we n usually f9d su* v]bs z borr[1 buy1 compla91 cure1 make1 smell1 speak1 ta/e1 tell1 ?9k1 w>n1 foll[$ by an (-phrase8 ,:at is true ( ! ext5sive use ( ( is no less true ( o!r prepositions1--at1 by1 f1 91 on1 to1 )2 :ile !re are "s ^: use is mu* m limit$1--across1 aft]1 be=e1 up1 t[>d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,prepositional ,phrase us$ ,adjectively4--,we say ( prepositional phrases t !y are adjective or adv]bial1 accord+ to :at !y modify--n\ns1 v]bs1 or adjectives4 ,we h se5 f ! s5t5ce quot$ h[ freely ! prepositional phrase may be jo9$ to a n\n1 & h[ _m diff]5t relations x may express4 ,let u see n[ :at s5t5ce-elem5ts ?is adjective prepositional phrase takes ! place (4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,geikie1--8,! /ay ( ,jesus 9 ,cap]naum at ?is "t 0 v %ort10 ! phrase ( ,jesus takes ! place ( ! possessive n\n ,jesus's4 ,x is bett] ?an ! possessive "h1 n s mu* because ?is p>ticul> possessive is an awkw>d =m z because /ay is ! m important ^w & %\ld h ! prom95t place at ! beg9n+ ( ! s5t5ce4 ,9 ,higg9son's s5t5ce1--8,yet he has f\nd read]s at all p]iods alike among m5 ( ?\ght & m5 ( action10 ! phrases ( ?\ght & ( action take ! place ( ! adjectives ?9k+ & active4 ,b ! adjectives1 prec$+ _! n\ns1 seem less important ?an ! n\ns2 :ile ! phrases1 com+ aft] ! n\ns1 imply t ! contra/$ words ?\ght & action conta9 ! m important ideas4 ,9 ,boyes5's s5t5ce1--8,accord+ to ,norwegian law at t "t1 e son ( a k+ 0 entitl$ to 8 %>e ( ! k+dom10 ! phrase at t "t is a sub/itute = ! clause1 :i* 0 op]ative at t "t2 b x is pref]able1 n only = brevity1 b because x makes ! modifi] less prom95t1--x is n =c$ ^u ! read]'s att5tion z x w\ld be by a subject & pr$icate4 ,we may well repeat "h :at 0 said 9 "o ( our fir/ *apt]s1 t sev]al diff]5t elem5ts may be exact equival5ts be=e !y are 9 a s5t5ce1 b z soon z we desire to make use ( "o ( !m = ! communication ( ?\ght1 !y are n equival5t--"o ( !m w almo/ inv>iably s]ve our turn bett] ?an ! o!r4 ,?9k+ m51 m5 ( ?\ght1 m5 :o ?9k are id5tical 9 mean+1 b 9 a s5t5ce ! special sett+ ( ^! expressions1 ! accompany+ ideas1 w det]m9e :i* mo/ cle>ly & precisely conveys our mean+ & %\ld !re=e be us$4 ,besides modify+ a n\n1 ! adjective prepositional phrase may complete an intransitive v]b2 z1 8,my m>* 0 ( long duration40--,audubon4 8,all ^! writ]s are ( a revolution>y ca/40--,de ,qu9cey4 8,all ! floors 9 ,v5ice are ( /one40--,h[ells4 ,9 s5t5ces l ^! ! phrase d5otes an attribute ( ! subject4 ,x is usually employ$ because !re is no adjective t expresses s well ! precise mean+4 ,! adjective long1 if us$ 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce quot$1 w\ld imply t ! m>* 0 long 9 space1 9 miles trav]s$1 b ! phrase means only t x consum$ mu* "t4 ,! adjective revolution>y1 if us$ 9 ! second s5t5ce1 might be int]pret$ to mean t ! writ]s belong to a revolution>y p]iod1 or t !y are decid$ly 9 favor ( revolution2 b ! phrase means only t !y h a lean+ t[>d revolution>y ideas4 ,9 ! ?ird s5t5ce ! n\n /one us$ adjectively w\ld be to ! g5]al read] an exact equival5t ( ! phrase ( /one4 ,,note4--,occasionally we f9d a prepositional phrase complet+ a v]b & seem+ m l a n\n complem5t ?an an adjective2 z1 8,a common means ( transportation 0 9 clumsy c>ts drawn by ox5 go+ at ! mo/ b ?ree or f\r miles an h\r40--,drap]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,prepositional ,phrase us$ ,adv]bially4--,! prepositional phrase (t5 modifies a v]b or an adjective1 & may modify an adv]b4 ,z a v]b modifi] x may d5ote ! v>i\s relations d5ot$ by clauses1 ?\gh place1 "t1 & mann] are ! mo/ common2 z1 8,!y come 9 ! summ] mon?s by hundr$s & hundr$s ( ?\s&s out ( ! cold gray sea40--,kipl+4 ,"h we h ?ree phrases modify+ come1 introduc$ by 91 by1 & out (1 & d5ot+ respectively "t1 mann]1 & place4 ,! prepositional phrase ( place tells1--7a7 :]e an action occurs or a condition exi/s2 z1 8,h]r+ appe> 9 imm5se s*ools (f ! coa/ ( ,norway & ! nor!rn %ores ( ! ,briti% ,isles02 7b7 :5ce an action proce$s2 7c7 :i!r an action t5ds4 ,bo? ( ^! la/ we f9d 9 ! s5t5ce1-- 8,f und]nea? an ag$ oak1 ,t slant$ f an islet rock1 ,a little skiff %ot to ! bay40--,scott4 ,! prepositional phrase ( "t may d5ote almo/ all ! relations d5ot$ by ! adv]bial clause ( "t1 & sev]al ( ! words us$ z conjunctions to introduce ^? clauses1 su* z aft]1 be=e1 s9ce1 till1 7 orig9ally prepositions & are /ill employ$ z su*4 ,! prepositional phrase ( mann] is f\nd q z (t5 z ! adv]b ( mann]2 = example1 8,he _h fir$ ) great rapidity yet ) surpris+ accuracy40 ,if adv]bs _h be5 us$ "h ! s5t5ce w\ld read1 8,he _h fir$ v rapidly yet surpris+ly accurately40 ,! comb9ation ( ! la/ two adv]bs is exce$+ly awkw>d4 ,:5 a prepositional phrase modifies an adjective x g5]ally s]ves to limit its application by d5ot+ ! p>ticul> respect 9 :i* its mean+ is to be consid]$2 ?us1 8,our fa!rs em]g$ f _! ardu\s1 protract$1 desolat+ ,revolution>y /ruggle1 ri* inde$ 9 hope1 b poor 9 worldly goods40--,greeley4 ,"h ! phrases tell 9 :at p>ticul> our fa!rs 7 ri* & poor4 ,,note4--,! prepositional phrase may modify ! int]jection alas1 :i* is equival5t to ! ass]tion ,i am sorry2 ?us1 8,"o may believe t ! gold5 age is beh9d u or be=e u1 b alas = ! =lorn wisdom ( him :o rejects x altoge!r40--,higg9son4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,prepositional ,phrase us$ ,sub/antively4--,we (t5 f9d a prepositional phrase us$ z ! object ( a preposition4 ,?is gives rise to a succession ( two prepositions l f among1 f b5ea?1 until )91 till aft]4 ,"s gramm>ians treat ^! z "o comp\nd preposition1 b x seems to u be/ to consid] !m sep>ately4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,bolles1--8,! riv] came f betwe5 abrupt1 rocky walls10 ! phrase betwe5 abrupt1 rocky walls d5otes a place t no n\n 9 ! language names1 h5ce ! phrase is employ$ to "n ! place1 & z su* a "n x is ! object ( ! preposition f4 ,x is v common = ! preposition except or b 7mean+ except7 to be foll[$ by a prepositional phrase us$ z its object2 ?us1 8,nobody comes to ,nova/o%nah except on bus9ess40--,kipl+4 8,no great art ev] yet rose on e>? b among a nation ( soldi]s40--,rusk94 ,a phrase ( ?is sort is usually prec$$ by "s negative expression1 & is necess>y to ! tru? ( ! s5t5ce1 z x br+s 9 a res]vation or exception to "s sweep+ negative /atem5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,prepositional ,phrase 9 an ,absolute ,phrase4--,! prepositional phrase1 z we saw 9 ,*apt] ,,xxi41 is sometimes us$ ) a n\n to =m an absolute phrase4 ,x is n !n an ord9>y adjective modifi] ( ! n\n1 b is m l a pr$icat$ attribute1 ! v]b be+ omitt$4 ,x may be call$ an appositive modifi] ( ! n\n2 = example1 8',tis writt5 t ! s]v+ angels /& ,beside ,god's ?rone1 t5 myriads on ea* h&40--,e4 ,arnold4 ,! p>ticiple is omitt$ f ! absolute phrase 9 su* a s5t5ce because x c readily be suppli$ by ! read] f ! v]b 9 ! pr$icate4 ,x is always m5tally suppli$ = ! int]pretation ( ! s5t5ce1 b x ne$ n be suppli$ = its analysis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,object ( a ,preposition4--,! ^w or gr\p ( words t is br\ght into relation to "s o!r ^w by a preposition is call$ ! object ( ! preposition4 ,x is always a sub/antive1 b n always a n\n or pron\n4 ,"s ( ! common sub/itutes = ! n\n are ! g]und1 ! prepositional phrase1 & ! n\n clause4 ,! prepositional phrase 9 ?is use we h j discuss$4 ,! g]und & ! n\n clause 7 discuss$ 9 ,*apt]s ,,xxii4 & ,,vii4 respectively4 ,all ( ! above are regul> con/ructions1 b !re are a few peculi> /]eotyp$ phrases 9 ! language1 made up ( a preposition & an adjective or adv]b2 z1 f f>1 at all1 at once1 at ! be/4 ,x is wis] 9 su* a case n to sep>ate ! phrase into any compon5t p>ts1 b to ?9k ( x & treat x z if x 7 "o ^w4 ,sometimes a preposition is associat$ ) a v]b or v]bal 9 su* a way z n to require an object4 ,su* a con/ruction is usually passive or inf9itive2 = example1 8,i 0 go+ to say some?+ ab\t our bo>d]s ! o!r day1 :5 ,i got run away ) by my local rem9isc5ces40--,holmes4 8,^? :o are /ill 9 a /ate to require be+ tak5 c>e ( by o!rs mu/ be protect$ aga9/ _! own actions z well z aga9/ ext]nal injury40--,mill4 8,"o *ild 9 a h\sehold ( gr[n p is usually made v mu* (1 & 9 a quiet way ,i 0 a good deal tak5 notice ( by ,mrs4 ,bretton40--,bront4 ,prepositions s us$ may sometimes be consid]$ z adv]bs1 z 9 ! expressions1 money to d )1 firesides to sit at2 b (t5] x is impossible to sep>ate !m f ! v]b-phrase or v]bal-phrase ( :i* !y =m a "p4 ,!y help to express ! "o notion d5ot$ by a :ole gr\p ( words & h n ! function ( any "p ( spee*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,peculi> ,prepositions4--,"s words orig9ally p>ticiples h a use s mu* resembl+ t ( prepositions t !y are no long] ?\ght ( z v]bals1 b h come to be consid]$ prepositions4 ,"s ( ^! are reg>d+1 conc]n+1 dur+1 except+2 z1 8,our judgm5ts conc]n+ ! wor? ( ?+s1 big or little1 dep5d on ! feel+s ! ?+s ar\se 9 u40--,wm4 ,james4 ,"s comb9ations ( words1 l z to1 out (1 in/ead (1 accord+ to1 ow+ to1 are n[ reg>d$ z s+le prepositions4 ,!y express a s+le relation1 & (t5 "o ^w may be sub/itut$ = !m2 z1 8,y drive a gambl] out ( ! gambl+ room :o loads dice40--,rusk94 8,! ,pr9ce ( ,orange _h n be5 consult$ z to ! =mation ( ! league40--,motley4 99 99 99 99 99 ,is 8,l0 a ,preposition8--,x is n uncommon to f9d bo? v]bs & n\ns tak+ z an adjunct a phrase introduc$ by l2 = example1 8,t h& 0 cold1 a froz5 ?+1--x dropp$ f 8 l lead40--,mrs4 ,hemans4 8,n[ & !n he w\ld see a ?9 f91 l a big %>k's f91 drift+ along close to %ore40--,kipl+4 ,9 su* a phrase !re is always a sub/antive1 & if ?is is *ang$ to a p]sonal pron\n we f9d t x is 9 ! objective case2 = example1 8,a writ] is s l a lov]40--,holmes4 ,sub/itut+ a pron\n = lov] we f9d t usage calls = ! objective =m him4 ,does ?is prove t l is a preposition & him its object8 ,!re is au?ority 9 diction>ies & gramm>s = call+ l a preposition1 & ?is is c]ta9ly bo? simple & conv5i5t2 b sometimes x leads u into difficulties4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--8,he walks m l a soldi] ?an a prie/10 %all we say t ! preposition l is comp>$8 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--8,x is v l a :ale10 %all we say t ! preposition l is modifi$ by ! adv]b v1 a ^w t we expect to modify only adjectives & adv]bs8 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--8,l to an angel ( peace %e seem$ t day10 h[ %all we dispose ( to if we call l a preposition gov]n+ angel8 ,if we g back to ! writ+s ( ,milton & ,%akespe>e1 we f9d ! words lik] & like/1 %[+ pla9ly t 9 _! "t l 0 look$ ^u z an adjective or adv]b4 ,we (t5 f9d1 too1 ! preposition to or unto express$ aft] l4 ,x is be/1 !re=e1 to dispose ( l z an adjective1 mean+ simil>1 :5 x introduces a phrase modify+ a n\n or complet+ a v]b2 & z an adv]b1 :5 ! phrase modifies a v]b4 ,x w !n be necess>y to supply ! preposition to or unto4 ,words ^: use mu* resembles t ( l are ne> & its comp>ative & sup]lative =ms1 ne>]1 ne>e/ & next2 z1 8,ne> ! foot ( ! walls !re are magnific5t groves ( live oaks & p9es40--,muir4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce we consid] ne> an adv]b1 modifi$ by a phrase introduc$ by to und]/ood4 ,inde$1 ! preposition is v (t5 express$2 = example1 8,x 0 next to impossible = a peasant or artisan or ev5 a m]*ant to pass t l9e40--,"l4 ,a con/ruction simil> to ?is is f\nd 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,to be ! supreme au?ority 9 any?+ is a satisfaction to self-love next door to ! preci\s delusions ( dem5tia40--,holmes4 ,"h next door takes ! place ( next4 ,x %\ld be treat$ z "o adjective elem5t modify+ satisfaction & itself modifi$ by ! adv]bial propositional phrase foll[+ x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,prepositional ,phrase modifi$4--,we sometimes f9d a prepositional phrase accompani$ by an adv]b or by a n\n us$ adv]bially1 z a sort ( measure2 ?us1 8,be=e 8 fa!r & "m di$1 !y _h built1 "s way f _! palace1 a v beautiful temple40--,old ,deccan ,days4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce ! v]b built is modifi$ by ! phrase "s way f _! palace1 ! base ( ?is be+ ! prepositional phrase f _! palace2 ?is phrase is modifi$ by "s way1 a n\n elem5t us$ adv]bially to answ] ! "q h[ f> f _! palace8 ,9 ?is s5t5ce f ,john ,"l1--8,:y did no great s*ol>s arise1 ev5 9 ! *ur*80 ! adv]b ev5 modify+ ! phrase 9 ! *ur* has a v important (fice4 ,its pres5ce 9 ! s5t5ce entirely *anges ! mean+4 ,)\t ev51 ! s5t5ce w\ld tell u t no great s*ol>s arose 9 "o place1 ! *ur*2 b ) ev5 ! s5t5ce tells u t no great s*ol>s arose any:]e1 & t x 0 v /range t !y did n arise 9 ! *ur*1 :]e we %\ld naturally expect to f9d !m4 ,two prepositional phrases jo9$ by & are (t5 ea* modifi$ by ! adv]b p>tly1 or ev5 by ! pron\n :at us$ adv]bially4 ,:at may also modify "o prepositional phrase2 ?us1 8,:at ) tea*+ o!rs & /udy+ closely myself1 ,i _h h>dly a sp>e mom5t40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,preposition modifi$4--,s _m prepositions 7 orig9ally adv]bs or may be us$ z adv]bs1 t x is n /range to f9d !m tak+ adv]bial modifi]s4 ,h5ce we frequ5tly meet su* a succession ( words z ev] s9ce1 j outside1 "r ov]2 z1 8,a horticulturi/ ( em95ce want$ me to s[ l9es ( /rawb]ries & raspb]ries "r ov] :]e ,i _h put my potatoes 9 drills40--,w>n]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! ,preposition4--,! ^w preposition1 mean+ plac$ be=e1 implies t ?is "p ( spee* prec$es its object1 b ?is x n always ! case4 ,x is n uncommon 9 poetry to f9d ! phrase inv]t$2 = example1 8,pleasant x 0 :5 woods 7 gre51 ,& w9ds 7 s(t & l[1 ,to lie amid "s sylvan sc5e1 ,:]e1 ! long droop+ b\ghs betwe51 ,%ad[s d>k & sunlight %e5 ,alt]nate come & g40--,longfell[4 ,we f9d ! transposition1 too1 9 ! famili> expressions ! ye> r\nd1 ! night ?r\gh1 ! _w ov]2 z1 8,! ev]gre5s c keep a secret ! ye> r\nd1 "s "o has said40--,burr\ghs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,prepositional ,phrase z an ,abridgm5t ( a ,proposition4--,9 ! *apt] on ! adv]bial clause ( degree we f\nd t ! clause z express$ frequ5tly consi/s only ( ! conjunction & a prepositional phrase2 z1 8,! =ce ( ! w9d _h nev] be5 great] ?an at ?is mom5t40 ,we _c give a satisfactory analysis ( su* a s5t5ce )\t supply+ aft] ?an ! subject x & ! v]b 04 ,x is be/ also to supply :]e a clause ( mann] has be5 abridg$2 z1 8,! sc5e *ang$ z at a !atre40 ,b !re are s5t5ces 9 :i* propositions h be5 abridg$ to prepositional phrases & no ellipsis c be suppli$2 = example1 8,9 mann] he 0 quiet & g5tlemanlike1 ) ! natural c\rtesy ( high bre$+40--,fr\de4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce ! phrase is equival5t to an indep5d5t proposition jo9$ to ! fir/ proposition by ! conjunction &1--8& he _h ! natural c\rtesy ( high bre$+40 ,su* a phrase may be describ$ z an accompanim5t ( ! pr$icate r ?an a modifi] ( any ^w 9 x4 ,ex]cise #bh ,dispose ( all prepositional phrases 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,"o object ( ! celebration 0 to obta9 ! means ( rais+ a monum5t to ,clive 9 8 native c\ntry4--,mc,carthy4 #b4 ,next to decid+ :5 to />t y\r g>d51 ! mo/ important matt] is1 :at to put 9 x4--,w>n]4 #c4 ,! monum5t is cle>ly "r z to ! ye> ( 8 dea?4--,l[ell4 #d4 ,x ran nor? f ,j]usalem1 pa/ ,be!l1 betwe5 ! height ( ,libana on ! left h&1 & ( ,%iloh on ! "r1 ent]+ ,sam>ia at ! s\? end ( ! beautiful valley1 :i* fur!r nor? /ret*es pa/ ! foot ( ,m\nts ,g]izim & ,ebal4--,geikie4 #e4 ,! la/ "t he _h se5 h] 0 at a bro!r mason's m>riage4--,dr4 ,john ,br[n4 #f4 ,h5dry sl[ly pull$ out 8 boots f b5ea? ! table4--,b>rie4 #g4 ,at t "t he us$ to prea* 9 a little *ur* some?+ l a b>n4--,george ,eliot4 #h4 ,j outside ?is room ,sylvia met ) a little adv5ture4--,m4 ,a4 ,h4 ,cl>ke4 #i4 ,moreov]1 he f\nd t ! p>rots1 in/ead ( be+ an exp5se1 7 ! means ( increas+ 8 =tune4--,old ,deccan ,days4 #aj4 ,inde$1 b = ! discov]y ( ! capacities ( ! *rysan!mum1 mod]n life w\ld h exp]i5c$ a fatal hit* 9 its developm5t4--,w>n]4 #aa4 ,_! wives nev] came to ! isl& until late 9 ,may or e>ly 9 ,june4--,kipl+4 #ab4 ,8 head 0 small1 & flat at top1 ) huge e>s1 l>ge gre5 glassy eyes1 & a long snipe nose1 s t x look$ l a wea!rcock p]*$ ^u 8 sp9dle neck to tell :i* way ! w9d blew4--,irv+4 #ac4 ,we _c trans=m ! _w except v sl[ly4--,higg9son4 #ad4 ,x 0 ne> ! close ( a bright summ] aft]noon t ,i visit$ ?is celebrat$ spot = ! fir/ "t4--,longfell[4 #ae4 ,no well-end[$ cl]gy 7 on ! al]t to quit _! ca!drals & set up a pomp\s hi]>*y 9 ! froz5 wild]ness4--,ev]ett4 #af4 ,m[gli repeat$ ) ! ,kite's :i/le at ! end ( ! s5t5ce4--,kipl+4 #ag4 ,we are cont9ually assum+ t nations become /rong accord+ to _! numb]s4--,rusk94 #ah4 ,ow+ to circum/ances ov] :i* he _h _h entire control1 ! ,colonel's reputation--ei!r z a promot] or z any?+ else--0 ( a sort t no long] c\ld be trifl$ )4--,janvi]4 #ai4 ,n[1 not)/&+ ?is /ate ( 8 own feel+s1 he _h nev] made a decl>ation 9 s _m words to ,miss ,wilk9s4--,r4 ,m4 ,john/on4 #bj4 ,%e 0 seat$ across a donkey betwe5 a pair ( glitt]+ milk-cans2 &1 z %e w5t1 %e kick$ jauntily ) h] heels ^u ! donkey's side1 & scatt]$ %rill rem>ks among ! wayf>]s4--,/ev5son4 #ba4 ,he 0 a mongoose1 r l a little cat 9 8 fur & 8 tail1 b q l a weasel 9 8 head & 8 habits4--,kipl+4 #bb4 ,! critical mom5t ( ! day z reg>ds ! wea!r is at sunrise & sunset4--,burr\ghs4 #bc4 ,i am go+ to take x = grant$ n[ & h5ce=?4--,holmes4 #bd4 ,8 sp>e frame %ook1 & 8 knees knock$ aga9/ ea* o!r z 9 an ague fit4--,r4 ,h4 ,dana1 ,sr4 #be4 ,:o ( ?is cr[d tonight %all tread ,! dance till daylight gleam aga98--,bryant4 #bf4 ,longfell[ 0 exquisitely s5sitive to ! beautiful4 #bg4 ,x _c be br\ght f f>4--,web/]4 #bh4 ,nay1 ! hung] & ! cold & ! :i/l+ bullets h br\ght pleasant messages to _m a man be=e n[4--,rusk94 #bi4 ,f ?is "t =? he is an outlaw1 hunt$ ov] field & fell1 & roam+ ) untold suff]+s ?r\gh ! m\nta9s & wild]ness4--,boyes54 #cj4 ,j at t mom5t ! moon %one out f beh9d a cl\d4--,old ,deccan ,days4 #ca4 ,%e 0 dress$ 9 pla9 dull black1 save = a sort ( d>k blue k]*ief :i* 0 fold$ across h] bosom4--,h4 ,james4 #cb4 ,until v lately1 ! prom5ad]s 9 ! ,piazza 7 exclusively =eign]s1 or else ! families ( su* gov]nm5t (ficials z 7 oblig$ to %[ !mselves !re4--,h[ells4 #cc4 ,j !n he he>d ! black /e$ pant+ & bl[+ close beh9d him4--,irv+4 #cd4 ,& p rememb]$ h] "m1 h[ sil5t %e _h be51 & h[ pati5t1 & h[ l to :at ,mona 01 & !y said n[1 z !y _h said long ago1 8,%e's go+ d[n ! /eep places40--,ca9e4 #ce4 ,! causes ( ?is *ange lie p>tly 9 ! alt]$ "* ( ! :ole _w's civilization1 p>tly 9 ! increas+ pov]ty ( ! city4--,h[ells4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,appositive ,,phrase ,function4--,z a means ( avoid+ a pr$ication1 p]haps no o!r s5t5ce-elem5t is (t5] employ$ ?an ! appositive phrase2 z1 8,!y h ! g5ius = h>d "w--! mo/ desirable k9d ( g5ius40 ,! appositive is a v loosely jo9$ adjunct1 b its position 9 ! s5t5ce & ! frequ5cy ( its use make its relation easily intelligible4 ,! appositive phrase comes ab\t 9 ?is way4 ,! s5t5ce quot$ above really am\nts to two indep5d5t propositions2 namely1 ,!y h ! g5ius = h>d "w1 &1 ,! g5ius = h>d "w is ! mo/ desirable k9d ( g5ius4 ,^! propositions jo9$ into a closely built s5t5ce ) prop] subord9ation might read ?us1--,!y h ! g5ius = h>d "w1 :i* is ! mo/ desirable k9d ( g5ius4 ,"h we h an unre/rictive adjective clause4 ,! important "p ( ?is clause1 ! only "p t adds any?+ new to ! s5t5ce1 is ! complem5t1 ! mo/ desirable k9d ( g5ius4 ,! subject :i* m]ely repres5ts a previ\s ^w1 & ! v]b is is only a l9k betwe5 ! subject & its attribute1 ! complem5t4 ,^! two words help 9 ! grammatical /ructure ( ! proposition1 b s9ce !y are easily suppli$ by a read]1 !y may j z well be omitt$1 z 9 fact is (t5 ! case4 ,?is br+s ! really important words into a position next to :at !y expla9 or describe1 b )\t any relation-words betwe5 !m4 ,a gr\p ( words s us$ is call$ an appositive phrase4 ,! base-^w ( ! phrase1 usually a n\n1 is call$ a n\n 9 apposition4 ,9 g5]al ! appositive is n a necess>y elem5t ( ! s5t5ce4 ,s f> z ! tru? ( ! /atem5t & ! grammatical /ructure ( ! s5t5ce are conc]n$1 x may be omitt$4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 x is jo9$ to a n\n to po9t out a special individual or class1 :5 x resembles ! re/rictive adjective clause2 z1 8,x is q true t practical life is a k9d ( long1 competitive exam9ation1 conduct$ by t sev]e p$agogue1 ,pr(essor ,circum/ance40--,huxley4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,base-,^w ( an ,appositive ,phrase4--,:5 ! base-^w ( an appositive phrase is a n\n1 x gives ano!r "n = some?+1 & s makes t ?+ m fully kn[n by reveal+ ano!r ( its attributes2 z1 8,we turn to commemorate ! g5ius & virtues ( ,john ,milton1 ! poet1 ! /atesman1 ! philosoph]1 ! glory ( ,engli% lit]ature1 ! *ampion & ! m>tyr ( ,engli% lib]ty40--,macaulay4 ,attributes are j z (t5 told by adjectives z by n\ns1 h5ce we f9d _m appositive adjectives2 z1 8,at ! fir/ glimpse he ?\ght x a dog--long1 lean1 skulk+1 pr[l+1 tawny--on ! sc5t ( 8 tracks40--,j4 ,l4 ,all54 ,! adjectives are an abridgm5t ( an unre/rictive adjective clause1 j z appositive n\ns are4 ,besides ! n\n & ! adjective1 ! base-^w ( an appositive phrase may be1-- 7a7 ,a reflexive pron\n2 z1 8,! old ,pr(essor himself sometimes visit$ ! h\se aft] x _h *ang$ h&s40--,holmes4 ,?is pron\n does n expla9 or describe 9 ! lea/4 ,x is put into ! s5t5ce = emphasis4 7b7 ,a p]sonal pron\n4 ,?is =ms a conv5i5t ^w to add a phrase or clause to2 z1 8,h[ good x 0 ( him ,to m9d a sl5d] man l me1 ,he ( ! mighty limb40--,holmes4 7c7 ,a pronom9al adjective4 ,?is does n expla94 ,x has n suffici5t mean+ 9 itself = t4 ,l ! p]sonal pron\n x is to be modifi$ by "s phrase or o!r s5t5ce-elem5t t has mean+2 z1 8,on a g5tly ris+ gr\nd 9 ! he>t ( ! city rises ,/4 ,paul's1 "o ( ! l>ge/ *ur*es 9 ! _w1 & a ma/]piece ( ,wr51 "o ( ! greate/ ar*itects40 ,9 nei!r place "h does "o mean any?+ until x is modifi$ by ! phrase tell+ class4 ,su* an appositive may s]ve _m purposes4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,l[ell1 8,! poetry ( ! ,danes 0 mu* ( x au!ntic hi/ory10 x n>r[s ! scope ( :at x modifies1--! poetry ( ! ,danes4 7d7 ,! inf9itive4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xx4 7e7 ,! g]und4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xxii4 7f7 ,! p>ticiple4 ,:5 a p>ticipial phrase is cle>ly an abridgm5t ( an unre/rictive adjective clause1 x may be said to be 9 apposition2 z1 8,all are ar*itects ( ,fate1 ,work+ 9 ^! walls ( ,"t40--,longfell[4 7g7 ,! n\n clause4 ,see ,*apt] ,,vii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,words t take an ,appositive ,modifi]4--,! appositive is usually add$ to a n\n1 b n always4 ,a pron\n may be made def9ite 9 its application by an appositive2 ?us1 8,we are do+ ! ,engli% ca!dral t[ns1 ,aunt ,celia & ,i40--,mrs4 ,wigg94 ,,note4--,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,wordswor?1-- 8,b oh1 ye f\nta9s1 mead[s1 hills1 & groves1 ,=ebode n any sev]+ ( our loves10 _m w\ld consid] ! n\ns 9 ! fir/ l9e z appositives ( ye4 ,x seems bett] to consid] ye z fill+ ! (fice ( a limit+ adjective4 ,if we spoke ab\t ! f\nta9s1 we w\ld say ^! f\nta9s2 speak+ to !m x is usage to employ ! pron\n ye 9 ! place ( ^!4 ,occasionally we f9d an adjective1 adv]b1 phrase1 or clause1 expla9$ by "s sort ( appositive2 z1 8,active & sprightly p are call$ m]curial1 t is1 born "u ! planet ,m]cury40 ,"h a p>ticipial phrase is 9 apposition ) ! adjective m]curial4 ,! appositive may ev5 be us$ to expla9 a pr$icate1 a use 9 :i* x v mu* resembles "o use ( ! adjective clause2 z1 8,! surplus beyond :at 0 requir$ = ! support ( ! national wor%ip 0 di/ribut$ 9 alms among ! poor2 a duty /r5u\sly prescrib$ by _! moral code40--,prescott4 99 99 99 99 99 ,introductory ,^w4--,! appositive is frequ5tly introduc$ or br\ght into ! s5t5ce by su* words or expressions z namely1 to wit1 z1 t is1 or1 9 o!r words2 z1 8,! :ale is a mammal1 t is1 a w>m-blood$1 air-brea?+ animal t suckles its "y40 ,! introductory z is useful 9 limit+ ! application ( a n\n1 signify+ t x is to be consid]$ only to ! ext5t d5ot$ by ! appositive2 z1 8,to ! ,esquimaux1 ! auk1 z an article ( food1 is second 9 importance only to ! seal40 ,) ?is re/rictive (fice z (t5 introduces an appositive to a possessive pron\n2 z1 8,z ma/]s y\r fir/ object mu/ be to increase y\r p[]40--,rusk94 ,x w readily be se5 t ma/]s is an appositive ( y\r if ! s5t5ce is *ang$ ?us1 8,! fir/ object ( y1 z ma/]s1 mu/ be1 etc40 ,su* z or z (t5 br+s 9 ! names ( sev]al individuals belong+ to a c]ta9 class2 ?us1 8,! leaves & t5d] twigs are an agreeable food to _m dome/ic animals1 z ! c[1 horse1 %eep1 & goat40--,?oreau4 ,a n\n ^: mean+ is broad may h two appositives1 specific 9 mean+1 jo9$ by or & introduc$ by :e!r2 z1 8,!re is always some?+ to see ab\t a *ur*1 :e!r liv+ wor%ip]s or dead m5's tombs40--,/ev5son4 99 99 99 99 99 ,case & ,numb] ( ! ,n\n 9 ,apposition4--,! appositive n\n is usually 9 ! same case z ! n\n x expla9s1 b (t5 :5 x is jo9$ to a possessive n\n1 ! possessive case end+ is dropp$ f ! fir/ n\n = ! sake ( euphony1 & add$ only to ! appositive4 ,9 numb] an appositive usually agrees ) its n\n1 b n always2 = example1 8,! prie/s 7 ea* devot$ to ! s]vice ( "s p>ticul> deity40 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! ,appositive ,phrase4--,usually ! appositive foll[s imm$iately ! gr\p ( words x expla9s2 b sometimes ! two are sep>at$ by int]v5+ words2 ?us1 8,^! votive pictures are no less int]e/+ z works ( art ?an z expressions ( hopeless sup]/ition40--,h[ells4 ,sometimes ! appositive beg9s a s5t5ce2 z1 8,"o burni%$ %eet ( liv+ gold1 ,lo* ,katr9e lay b5ea? him roll$40--,scott4 8,calm1 /rong1 & nobly agl[ ) love ( c\ntry1 he has no ne$ ( go+ into p>oxysms 9 ord] to prove 8 s9c]ity40--,boyes54 ,ex]cise #bi ,dispose ( all appositives 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,z a composition ! ,decl>ation is ,mr4 ,jeff]son's4--,web/]4 #b4 ,!re is "o topic p]emptorily =bidd5 to all well-br$1 to all rational mortals1 namely1 _! di/emp]s4--,em]son4 #c4 ,long be=e ,i _h deal+s ) him1 ,i knew him by ! sup]b song1 or r incantation1 ) :i* he ann\nc$ 8 com+ on ! ,gr& ,canal4--,h[ells4 #d4 ,he made 8 ,masque :at x ought to be1 ess5tially lyrical & dramatic only 9 semblance4--,macaulay4 #e4 ,d ,i n rememb] ! "t :5 ,i myself haunt$ ! /ation8--,/ev5son4 #f4 ,gr&*ild ( ,h5ri ,quatre1 niece ( ,l\is ,,xiii41 c\s9 ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 fir/ pr9cess ( ! blood1 & ) ! l>ge/ income 9 ! nation 7#ejj1jjj livres7 to support ^! dignities1 ,mademoiselle 0 c]ta9ly born 9 ! purple4--,higg9son4 #g4 ,two k9ds ( m5 make good tea*]s--"y m5 & m5 :o nev] gr[ old4--,c4 ,w4 ,eliot4 #h4 ,devils1 ?ick] ?an tiles on h\setops1 sc>e him n f 8 "w4--,motley4 #i4 ,uno/5tati\s illu/rations ( div9e p[]1 su* z heal+ ! sick1 op5+ ! eyes ( ! bl9d1 or ! e>s ( ! deaf1 7 n en\gh4--,geikie4 #aj4 ,punctuality mu/ be cultivat$ by all :o w\ld succe$ 9 any call+1 :e!r l(ty or humble4 #aa4 ,! old ,norse poets 7 _m ( !m natives ( ,icel&4--,c>lyle4 #ab4 ,! bold ass]tions ( ^! p h ( late impress$ a l>ge portion ( ! public ) an op9ion t ,james ! ,second 0 expell$ simply because he 0 a ,ca?olic1 & t ! ,revolution 0 ess5tially a ,prote/ant ,revolution4--,macaulay4 #ac4 ,re/less1 sleepless1 unable to read1 tir$ ( sitt+1 driv5 on by ! desire to get rid ( 8 own ?\ghts1 he />t$ out to walk4--,j4 ,l4 ,all54 #ad4 ,we none ( u spoke ( money1 because t subject savor$ ( comm]ce & trade1 & ?\gh "s might be poor we 7 all ari/ocratic4--,mrs4 ,gaskell4 #ae4 ,! "q mu/ h rais$ ! s5se ( ,8 supreme "r z consecrat$ ,son ( ,god4--,geikie4 #af4 ,! ref9$ =mality ) :i* ! lit]>y product ( ,prov5ce is = ! mo/ "p /amp$ z ) a trade m>k1 0 d\btless ! legacy ( ,gallo-,roman culture1 itself at be/ d]ivative & sup]ficial4--,l[ell4 #ag4 ,?is 0 ,blomidon1 simple1 maje/ic1 inspir+4--,bolles4 #ah4 ,he 0 an accompli%$ s*ol> intimately acqua9t$ ) ! languages & lit]atures ( cont95tal ,europe4 #ai4 ,!y h all _h a tru? 9 !m or m5 w\ld n h tak5 !m up4--,c>lyle4 #bj4 ,y ,am]icans1 he said1 we> too mu* expression on y\r faces4--,wm4 ,james4 ,ex]cise #cj ,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,?r\gh\t ?is p]iod1 ,r\sseau 01 = ! la/ "t 9 8 life1 at peace ) mo/ ( 8 fell[s4--,morley4 #b4 ,9 life x is difficult to say :o does ! mo/ mis*ief--enemies ) ! wor/ int5tions1 or fri5ds ) ! be/4--,bulw]4 #c4 ,= m5 ( =ce are g5]ally m5 ( faults4 #d4 ,close "u ! ea/]n foot ( ,g]izim1 at ! op5+ ( ! side valley f ! wide pla91 on a slight knoll1 a mile & a half f ! t[n1 surr\nd$ n[ by /ones & brok5 pill>s1 is ,jacob's ,well4--,geikie4 #e4 ,prud5ce _h kept him away f ! o!r girl1 b he 0 feel+ a great want2 "s "o to applaud him4--,b>rie4 #f4 ,self-reliance1 self-re/ra9t1 self-control1 self-direction1 ^! con/itute an educat$ w4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #g4 ,! aspect ( ! v5]able mansion has always affect$ me l a human c\nt5ance4--,haw?orne4 #h4 ,f>ewell1 ye vani%+ fl[]s1 t %one ,9 my fairy wrea?1 s bright & brief4--,moore4 #i4 ,:at 0 x t fill$ ! e>s ( ! prophets ( old b ! di/ant tread ( =eign armies1 com+ to d ! "w ( ju/ice8--,george ,eliot4 #aj4 ,a woman kept ! summ] s*ool1 %>p1 precise1 unsympa!tic1 ke5 & untir+4--,bee*]4 #aa4 ,! /reet-lamps always burn2 b sc>ce a casem5t ,9 h\se or palace front f ro( to basem5t ,do? gl[ or gleam a?w>t ! mirk air ca/4--,james ,?omson4 #ab4 ,m5 dress _! *ildr5's m9ds z !y d _! bodies1 9 ! prevail+ fa%ion4--,sp5c]4 #ac4 ,! *oice ( ,cap]naum by ,jesus z 8 future c5t] 0 significant4--,geikie4 #ad4 ,b 8 m>vel\s moral beauty1 ev5 z a *ild1 attract$ ! att5tion ( ! ,emp]or ,hadrian4--,"l4 #ae4 ,facts & ! consequ5ces ( facts draw ! writ] back to ! falcon]'s lure f ! giddie/ heights ( speculation4--,de ,qu9cey4 #af4 ,! nor!rn curve ( ! rock bas9's wall 0 brok5 by a n>r[ p]p5dicul> rift1 rea*+ f ! sky d[n to )9 sixty or eighty feet ( ! surface ( ! pool4--,bolles4 #ag4 ,%e />ts1 & is lo/ sight ( r\nd ! cliff1 gone /raight away = ! v ends ( ! _w4--,jeff]ies4 #ah4 ,a vet]an ,am]ican sailor1 he _h le>n$ to "k ! great ,gulf z s*ol>s "k deep books by he>t4--,he>n4 #ai4 ,we come1 z ,am]icans1 to m>k a spot :i* mu/ =ev] be de> to u & our po/]ity4--,web/]4 #bj4 ,two ( !m 7 gue/s l ourselves1 bo? m5 ( ! nor?4--,/ev5son4 #ba4 ,inde$1 man is naturally m prone to subtlety ?an op5 valor1 ow+ to 8 physical weakness 9 comp>ison ) o!r animals4--,irv+4 #bb4 ,kotick 0 ! only "o :o ask$ que/ions1 & none ( 8 companions c\ld tell him any?+ except t ! m5 always drove seals 9 t way = six weeks or two mon?s ( e ye>4--,kipl+4 #bc4 ,z comp>$ ) ! two o!r writ]s1 ,epictetus %ort5s 8 sword2 t is1 8 s5t5ces4--,higg9son4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,! ,,direct ,,object ,! direct object ( a transitive v]b is s famili> a s5t5ce-elem5t t x makes itself und]/ood )\t mu* special inve/igation4 ,x pres5ts few peculi>ities1 & ^! are n difficult4 ,! transitive v]b is usually def9$ z "o t d5otes action t]m9at+ on an object4 ,?is def9ition does n cov] all v]bs call$ transitive1 = in/ance1 ! v]b h1 mean+ own1 :i* does n d5ote any action :atev]4 ,b x w\ld be difficult inde$ to make a bett] def9ition4 ,! def9ition1 a transitive v]b is "o t takes an object1 is op5 to ! objection t x applies only to transitive v]bs 9 ! active voice1 :]eas passive v]bs are also transitive 9 mean+4 ,we may say ?is mu*1 h[ev]1--7a7 no v]b is consid]$ transitive unless x has two sub/antives1 a subject & a complem5t1 ! two mean+ diff]5t ?+s1 an ag5t & a non-ag5t4 7b7 ,a s5t5ce conta9+ a transitive v]b c always be *ang$ to ! passive =m1 ! complem5t becom+ ! subject1 & ! subject ( ! active v]b becom+ ! object ( ! preposition by4 ,?is second po9t is a bett] te/ ( ! transitive v]b ?an ! def9ition is4 ,= example1 take ! v]b e>n 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,inde$1 a man may e>n tw5ty ?\s& doll>s a ye> by writ+ #8s5sation-/ories1' & h no?+ to d ) lit]ature 9 any high s5se40--,higg9son4 ,x is true t :5 a man e>ns he acts1 b 8 action is n p]=m$ ^u ! tw5ty ?\s& doll>s4 ,9 s f> ?is v]b does n come "u ! def9ition ( a transitive v]b2 b x answ]s ! te/1 t is1 x may be *ang$ to ! passive2 ?us1 8,tw5ty ?\s& doll>s 0 e>n$ by him40 ,?is does n mean t ! tw5ty ?\s& doll>s receiv$ an action2 x means t tw5ty ?\s& became 8 possession z a result ( 8 "w4 ,( transitive v]bs d5ot+ action p]=m$ directly ^u "s object1 examples are 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 7a7 8,let u build alt>s to ! ,beautiful ,necessity1 :i* secures t all is made ( "o piece40--,em]son4 7b7 8,:5 ,gabriel bl[s 8 trumpet ,i hope he w select ! mom5t be=e sunrise = 8 summons40--,bolles4 7c7 8,_m m5 eat f9] cook]y1 dr9k de>] liquors1 ) :at advantage !y c report & _! doctors c40--,c>lyle4 ,examples ( transitive v]bs l e>n t take an object & d5ote action1 b n action really p]=m$ ^u ! object1 are f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 7a7 ,^! delud$ p visit =tune tell]s 9 ! hope ( f9d+ out :at is to happ5 9 ! future4 7b7 8,he ent]$ ! /reet at ! end opposite to ! ,holborn entrance40--,george ,eliot4 7c7 8,z he approa*$ ! village1 he met a numb] ( p40--,irv+4 ,action always sugge/s to u at fir/ ?\ght physical action1 t accompani$ by movem5t2 b !re are o!r k9ds ( action :i* may be told by transitive v]bs4 #a4 ,action ( ! m9d1 d5ot$ by su* v]bs z believe1 le>n1 ?9k1 rememb]2 z1 8,to "k any?+ t turns up is1 9 ! inf9ity ( k1 to "k no?+40--,f4 ,h>rison4 #b4 ,action ( ! emotions1 d5ot$ by su* v]bs z hate1 love1 rev]e2 z1 8,:5 ,pre ,anto9e 0 a v "y man1 he _h a fri5d :om he lov$ z he lov$ 8 life40 #c4 ,action ( ! s5ses1 d5ot$ by ! v]bs see1 he>1 feel1 smell1 ta/e2 z1 8,to see a good man & he> 8 voice once a week w\ld be reason en\gh = build+ *ur*es & pulpits40--,holmes4 ,v]bs ( say+1 l tell1 rem>k1 decl>e1 exclaim1 are foll[$ by a direct object1 usually a quotation or a n\n clause tell+ j :at 0 said2 ?us1 8,he cri$ 9 ! bitt]ness ( 8 s\l t ,god _h hid 8 face f him40--,macaulay4 ,! v]bs ask & tea* are (t5 foll[$ by two direct objects1 "o ( ! p]son & ! o!r ( ! ?+2 z1 8,:oev] w tea* ! p ( ,new ,engl& ! advantages ( good food1 fre% air1 & sun%9e1 w r5ew ! physical con/itution ( ! race40--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 8,ask a great money-mak] :at he means to d ) 8 money--he nev] kn[s40--,rusk94 ,^! v]bs are really us$ 9 a d\ble s5se4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce1 9 s f> z w tea* takes ! object ! p ( ,new ,engl&1 x means in/ruct2 9 s f> z x takes ! object ! advantages ( good food1 fre% air & sun%9e1 x means imp>t4 ,:5 su* a s5t5ce is *ang$ to ! passive =m1 ei!r object may become ! subject1 & ! o!r may rema9 z ! object ( ! passive v]b2 or1 if ! p]sonal object rema9s1 x may be call$ an indirect object4 ,"s v]bs usually intransitive may become transitive by be+ foll[$ by a cognate object1 t is1 "o ^: mean+ is ak9 to t ( ! v]b1 z 9 ! famili> expressions run a race1 dream a dream1 smile a smile2 z1 8,!re he fell into evil pa?s1 & on a fatal day s9n$ a great s940--,hillis4 ,"s transitive v]bs may be foll[$ by an object mean+ ! same p]son or ?+ z ! subject4 ,?is is call$ a reflexive object2 z1 8,on ! wall opposite1 ab\t a mile across ! gulf1 a brook 0 p\r+ itself to ! valley40--,k+4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce ! brook is conceiv$ 9 two aspects1 t ( a do] & t ( a receiv]--x p\rs & is p\r$4 ,"s v]bs are made transitive by ! addition ( an adv]b2 z1 8,r+ out ! old1 r+ 9 ! new1 ,r+ out ! false1 r+ 9 ! true40--,t5nyson4 ,"h ! old is ! object n ( ! v]b r+1 b ( ! v]b r+ out4 ,frequ5tly a preposition is to be tak5 ) a v]b1 ! two words d5ot+ "o idea & t transitive2 z1 8,y _c /ir abroad b ,jews & ,*ri/ians p\nce ^u y ) unsettl$ bonds40--,c>lyle4 ,a te/ = ?is sort ( comp\nd v]b is t :5 x is *ang$ to ! passive =m1 ! two words--v]b & preposition--rema9 toge!r2 ?us1 8,y are p\nc$ ^u by ,jews & ,*ri/ians40 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,make up y\r m9d to =ego driv+ sl$ge10 we h f\r diff]5t direct objects4 7#a7 ,! comp\nd v]b make up takes ! object y\r m9d4 7#b7 ,! :ole gr\p ( words make up y\r m9d is equival5t to ! "o v]b decide1 & z su* takes ! inf9itive phrase = object1 to =ego driv+ sl$ge4 7#c7 ,! object ( ! inf9itive to =ego is ! g]und-phrase driv+ sl$ge4 7#d7 ,! object ( ! g]und driv+ is ! n\n sl$ge4 ,a comb9ation ( two v]bs ) ! mean+ ( "o transitive v]b is f\nd 9 ! e-day expression make believe1 mean+ pret5d4 ,?is _c be sep>at$4 ,x is usually foll[$ by an inf9itive or a n\n clause us$ z its object4 ,= example1 8,:]eupon ! puppy jump$ into ! air (f all its feet at once1 ) a yelp ( delight1 & ru%$ at ! /ick & made believe to worry x40--,lewis ,c>roll4 ,ex]cise #ca ,expla9 h[ all v]bs & v]bals 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces are complet$4 #a4 ,/orms %all sob !mselves to sleep4--,bee*]4 #b4 ,! "t w come1 let u hope1 :5 all boys w be taught ! use ( tools1 & all girls ! pr9ciples ( cook+4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #c4 ,he d\bt$1 z he has himself own$1 :e!r he _h n be5 born 8an age too late40--,macaulay4 #d4 ,y w he> m wit & bett] wit 9 an ,iri% /reet r[ ?an w\ld keep ,we/m9/] ,hall 9 humor = five weeks4--,bagehot4 #e4 ,he 0 h] special pet & %e disapprov$ ( ! nurse4--,kipl+4 #f4 ,conclave aft] conclave ask$ him to be ,pope4--,hale4 #g4 ,:5 ! clock /rikes ! h\r1 8 m9d beg9s to "w4--,hillis4 #h4 ,he said he 0 a surgeon1 & t 9 case any accid5t occurr$ on bo>d he mu/ always be 9 read9ess4--,craw=d4 #i4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t ! ,italians hate ! ,au/rians z individuals4--,h[ells4 #aj4 ,!n ,i %all hang y = y\rself1 z a rogue & a rascal4--,fr\de4 #aa4 ,! ,saxon is want+ 9 ta/e1 :i* is z mu* z to say t he has no true s5se ( proportion4--,l[ell4 #ab4 ,h[ev]1 %e soon made out t %e 0 9 ! pool ( te>s :i* %e _h wept :5 %e 0 n9e feet high4--,lewis ,c>roll4 #ac4 ,all ru91 desolat5ess1 imp]fectness ( hut or habitation y mu/ d away )4--,rusk94 #ad4 ,to /udy a ne/ is to make an acqua9tance4--,olive ,t4 ,mill]4 #ae4 ,g1 seek x1 & r$eem ?y s9-- ',tis sweet to let ! p>don$ 94--,moore4 #af4 ,ev5 9 books ,i l a conf9$ locality4--,miss ,mit=d4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,! ,,subjective ,,complem5t ,function4--,:5 we wi% to ass]t t a ?+ possesses a c]ta9 quality1 we d x by a pr$icate made up ( "s =m ( ! v]b be toge!r ) an adjective2 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! v "n 0 uncanny40--,page4 ,"h ! idea words are ! subject n\n & ! adjective 9 ! pr$icate2 ! v]b 0 s]ves m]ely z a copula1 or tie-^w1 necess>y = ! grammatical /ructure ( ! s5t5ce1 b hav+ little1 if any1 mean+4 ,! v]b is employ$ 9 ! same way :5 we wi% to d5ote-- 7a7 ,! id5tity ( two ideas2 z1 8,! secret ( success is conc5tration40--,s*re9]4 7b7 ,! class to :i* a ?+ belongs2 z1 8,b5 ,battle 0 a soldi] bold40--,hood4 ,9 su* s5t5ces z ! ?ree quot$1 we call ! adjective or n\n 9 ! pr$icate a subjective complem5t ( ! v]b4 ,! n\n is (t5 t]m$ a pr$icate nom9ative1 & ! adjective a pr$icate adjective4 ,9 ei!r case ! complem5t tells "s attribute ( ! subject1 & x is = ! express purpose ( tell+ ?is attribute t su* s5t5ces are made4 ,^! s5t5ces are v common1 be+ fram$ to answ] c]ta9 que/ions t x is natural = ! m9d to ask2 namely1 :o is he8 :at is x8 :at k9d ( p]son is he8 :at sort ( ?+ is x8 ,! n\n us$ z base-^w ( a subjective complem5t does n necess>ily agree ) ! subject 9 numb]2 z1 8,ju/ice & ,rev]5ce are ! ev]la/+ c5tral ,law ( ! ,univ]se40--,c>lyle4 ,nei!r does ! subjective complem5t h to succe$ its v]b4 ,sometimes ! :ole ord] ( ! s5t5ce is inv]t$2 ?us1 8,fair z a summ] dream 0 ,m>g>et40--,l[ell4 8,a v attractive p]son is t *ild-lov+ girl40--,miss ,mit=d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,subjective ,complem5t n always a ,n\n or ,adjective4--,(t51 z 0 /at$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xxiii1 a prepositional phrase takes ! place ( a pr$icate adjective1 usually because we h no adjective adequate to express ! mean+ ( ! phrase4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce f ,l[ell1--8,popul> lit]ature is ( value10 ! adjective valuable might well be sub/itut$ = ! phrase2 b 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces ! language af=ds no equival5t adjectives4--8,i am 9 love ) ?is gre5 e>?40--,lamb4 8,j4 ,g4 ,:itti] is ( a ,quak] family & 0 born 9 ,hav]hill1 ,massa*usetts40 ,! n\n clause1 ! root inf9itive1 ! g]und1 & ! p>ticiple us$ z subjective complem5ts1 h be5 discuss$ 9 prec$+ *apt]s4 ,to ?is use mu/ also be ref]r$ ! p]sonal pron\n 9 ! possessive case us$ z 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,all ! beauty ( ^! summ] days is m9e40 ,is ?is pron\n a pr$icate nom9ative mean+ my beauty1 or is x a pr$icate adjective mean+ possess$ by me1 or %all we make no attempt to classify x at all8 ,! ^w s (t5 does duty z a subjective complem5t4 ,x is us$ to avoid a repetition ( "s n\n or adjective2 z1 8,! h\se is empty & has be5 s = mon?s40 99 99 99 99 99 ,v]bs t take a ,subjective ,complem5t4--,! v]b be is by no means ! only "o t may be complet$ by a subjective complem5t4 ,!re are num]\s o!rs1 mo/ ( :i* w fall 9 ! foll[+ classes4 #a4 ,become1 & v]bs ( simil> mean+1 l gr[1 get1 turn2 z1 8,bob _h gr[n up v h&some40--,page4 #b4 ,c]ta9 v]bs ( position l /&1 sit1 lie2 z1 8,! moon /ood bright & full 9 ! heav5s40--,h[ells4 #c4 ,v]bs signify+ to appe> to ! s5ses1 l look1 feel1 smell1 s\nd1 ta/e2 z1 8,our own ?\ght s\nds new & l>g] f 8 m\?40--,em]son4 8,bo? he & 8 wife look$ outw>dly g5tlefolks40--,lamb4 #d4 ,a few v]bs d5ot+ action1 l beg91 come1 g1 rise1 spr+2 z1 8,"o t goes 9 a nurse may come out an angel40--,holmes4 ,) ?is class ( v]bs an adjective complem5t (t5 seems to p>take ( ! nature ( an adv]b2 z1 8,!y desc5d$ fe>less into all gulfs & b$lams40--,c>lyle4 ,! au?or mu/ decide :e!r to use ! adjective or ! adv]b by 8 purpose4 ,t is1 does he wi% to make m prom95t ! condition ( ! subject or ! mann] ( ! action8 #e4 ,c]ta9 passive v]bs4 ,9 g5]al ^! are3-- 7a7 ,v]bs ( call+2 z1 8,! place is fitly call$ ,inspiration ,po9t40--,k+4 7b7 ,v]bs ( deem+2 z1 8,i h be5 c\nt$ a successful tea*]40--,annie ,pre/on4 7c7 ,v]bs ( mak+2 z1 8,! =lorn condition ( ! new settl]s 0 made /ill worse by dome/ic feuds40--,prescott4 99 99 99 99 99 ,introductory ,^w4--,aft] "s v]bs x is usage to prec$e ! complem5t by z or =1 sometimes ev5 by ! inf9itive to be4 ,^! words are n connectives1 nor d !y add any?+ to ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ce1 ?\gh (t5 !y d s]ve to make x m cle>2 ?us1 8,*auc] und\bt$ly began z an imitator1 p]haps z m]e translator40--,l[ell4 ,if z 7 omitt$1 x might n be cle> at once t imitator is n a direct object ( began4 ,ex]cise #cb ,expla9 h[ all v]bs & v]bals 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces are complet$4 #a4 ,duck-hunt+ 0 my favorite sport1 & ! m>%es on ! riv] 7 f9e gr\nds = !m usually1 b ?is season ! wea!r _h be5 s s+ul>ly w>m t ! sport _h be5 poor4--,page4 #b4 ,x is n simply beets & potatoes & corn & /r+-beans t "o raises 9 8 well-ho$ g>d52 x is ! av]age ( human life4--,w>n]4 #c4 ,! cultivation ( ?is delightful & beautiful art ( read+ %\ld be recogniz$ z a "p ( a lib]al education4--,brook4 #d4 ,bread is f\nd fre% at ! bak]'s4--,h[ells4 #e4 ,bli! 7 x !n to w&] "h4--,scott4 #f4 ,we'll *oose among !m z !y lie asleep4 #g4 ,y come hot & tir$ f ! day's battle & ?is sweet m9/rel s+s to y4--,?ack]ay4 #h4 ,! doctor _h be5 & gone1 & ! h& _h be5 pron\nc$ z injur$ b slightly1 ?\gh x w\ld ( c\rse h be5 consid]$ a f> m s]i\s case if ,mr4 ,smi? _h be5 a ri*] man4--,t4 ,h>dy4 #i4 ,half ! secret ( human int]c\rse is to make all[ance = ea* o!r4--,leigh ,hunt4 #aj4 ,! eat+-h\ses are almo/ )\t numb]4--,h[ells4 #aa4 ,we read ( cliffs t spr+ nak$ & %e] to an equal height4--,k+4 #ab4 ,he /ood conceal$ amid ! brake ,to view ?is ,lady ( ! ,lake4--,scott4 #ac4 ,*ri/ians 7 ca/ to ! lions1 b ! ,*ri/ian *ur* grew up a /ately & spread+ tree4--,mill4 #ad4 ,! w9d 0 bl[+ a hurricane4--,page4 #ae4 ,two ye>s lat]1 ,mexico became indep5d5t ( ,spa91 & ,cali=nia 0 made a ,mexican prov9ce4 #af4 ,:y are we nev] q at our ease 9 ! pres5ce ( a s*oolma/]8--,lamb4 #ag4 ,a *iefta9's daught] seem$ ! maid4--,scott4 #ah4 ,8 meat 0 locu/s & wild honey4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,! ,,objective ,,complem5t ,function4--,sometimes an action p]=m$ ^u an object makes a diff]5t ?+ ( t object4 ,our desire to tell ?is z briefly z possible has giv5 rise to s5t5ces 9 :i* a transitive v]b is foll[$ by two complem5ts1 "o a direct object nam+ ! ?+ act$ ^u1 & ! o!r an attribute ( ! direct object tell+ ! outcome ( ! activity d5ot$ by ! v]b2 z1 8,by 8 ,sket* ,book ,irv+ has made ! ,hudson a classic riv]40 ,! second complem5t is q z (t5 an adjective z a n\n2 = example1 8,%afts ( sun%9e f ! we/ ,pa9t ! dusky w9d[s r$40--,longfell[4 ,we und]/& f ?is s5t5ce t ! w9d[s und]go ! action d5ot$ by ! words pa9t r$1 & are !re=e *ang$ f dusky w9d[s to r$ w9d[s4 ,su* a ^w z riv] 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce or r$ 9 ! second is call$ an objective complem5t4 ,a n\n us$ 9 ?is (fice some:at resembles an appositive1 be+ a second "n = an object already nam$2 b ! appositive has no relation to any ^w except ! n\n x expla9s1 :ile ! objective complem5t has a v important relation to ! pr$icate v]b4 ,s close is ?is relation t we may (t5 express ! mean+ ( ! two words1 ! v]b & ! objective complem5t1 by "o ^w2 z1 8,political fre$om makes e man an individual40--,higg9son4 ,"h ! v]b makes & ! objective complem5t an individual may be comb9$ into ! "o v]b individualizes4 ,! close complem5t>y relation ( ! objective complem5t to ! pr$icate v]b is /ill fur!r br\ght out :5 a s5t5ce ( ?is type is *ang$ to ! passive =m4 ,!re arises ! s5t5ce discuss$ 9 section #e 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 a s5t5ce :]e9 ! direct object ( ! active v]b has become ! subject ( ! passive v]b1 & ! objective complem5t /ill rema9s aft] ! v]b b becomes a subjective complem5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,v]bs t take an ,objective ,complem5t3-- 7a7 ,v]bs ( mak+1 su* z r5d]1 elect1 appo9t1 call$ factitive v]bs2 z1 8,old habits ( "w1 old habits ( hope1 made my endless leisure irksome to me40 7b7 ,v]bs ( ?9k+1 su* z consid]1 reg>d1 look ^u2 z1 8,! /ud5t is to read hi/ory actively & n passively1 to e/eem 8 own life ! text1 & books ! comm5t>y40--,em]son4 7c7 ,v]bs ( nam+ or call+2 z1 8,we d n hesitate to pron\nce !m a brave1 a wise1 an hone/1 & a useful body40--,macaulay4 7d7 ,! v]bs feel1 f9d1 leave1 prove1 see2 z1 8,he _h nev] se5 h] s radiant1 s "y40--,j4 ,l4 ,all54 8,*auc]1 l ,dante1 f\nd 8 native tongue a dialect & left x a language40--,l[ell4 7e7 ,"s intransitive v]bs are complet$ 9 ?is way1 especially :5 ! direct object is a reflexive p]sonal pron\n2 z1 8,!y %\t$ !mselves ho>se40 8,%e cri$ h]self sick40 ,^! s5t5ces mean--8,!y made !mselves ho>se by %\t+02 8%e made h]self sick by cry+40 99 99 99 99 99 ,introductory ,^w4--,aft] "s v]bs usage puts 9 ! ^w z or = be=e ! objective complem5t1 us+ x m]ely z an introductory ^w2 ?us1 8,i respect$ him z a s\nd & accurate s*ol>40--,de ,qu9cey4 8,no h>mless ?+ t brea!d1 ,foot$ or w+$1 b knew him = a fri5d40--,aldri*4 ,:5 ^! s5t5ces are *ang$ to ! passive1 ! introductory ^w is usually reta9$ be=e ! subjective complem5t4 ,,note4--,aft] z ! p>ticiple may take ! place ( an adjective2 z1 8,i consid] him z hav+ lo/ 8 "r40 ,! p>ticiple has "h ! same use t ! adjective de/itute has 9 ! expression de/itute ( 8 "r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! ,objective ,complem5t4--,x usually foll[s ! direct object1 b ! adjective s us$ is sometimes plac$ next to ! v]b1 & ! n\n may1 to r5d] x emphatic1 be plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! s5t5ce2 z1 8,grape %ot w sweep cle> all /reets40--,c>lyle4 8,a p]petual f\nta9 ( good s5se ,dryd5 calls ,*auc]40--,l[ell4 ,we h c]ta9 /]eotyp$ v]b-phrases su* z make free1 ?9k be/1 & see fit1 9 :i* ! adjective is s closely relat$ to ! v]b t x is plac$ next to x1 & ! two words h acquir$ ! mean+ ( "o v]b4 ,make free has almo/ ! mean+ ( d>e2 = ! o!r two phrases !re are no good sub/itutes4 ,^! phrases are foll[$ by an inf9itive phrase us$ z direct object4 ,= example1--8,a native ( t region saw fit to build 8 h\se v ne> x40--,holmes4 ,ex]cise #cc ,expla9 h[ ! v]bs & v]bals 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces are complet$4 #a4 ,en?usiasm _h made !m ,/oics4--,macaulay4 #b4 ,to make ! common m>vell\s is ! te/ ( g5ius4--,l[ell4 #c4 ,= ! purpose ( public in/ruction we hold e man subject to taxation 9 proportion to 8 prop]ty4--,web/]4 #d4 ,none b ! dissolute among ! poor look ^u ! ri* z _! natural enemies4--,rusk94 #e4 ,he _h s f> complet$ 8 prep>ations z to h leisure to be talk+ himself hot & ho>se ) ! neighbor+ b>b]4--,h[ells4 #f4 ,alfr$ left ,engl& bett]1 wis]1 happi] 9 all ways ?an he f\nd x4--,dick5s4 #g4 ,gr5adi]1 ,i salute y2 y h prov$ y\rself ! brave/ ( ! brave4 #h4 ,ha/e c make y slip%od1 b x c nev] make y graceful4--,higg9son4 #i4 ,a murd]] he has writt5 himself d[n4--,birrell4 #aj4 ,if y w only call a heada*e a ,cephalalgia x acquires dignity at once1 & a pati5t becomes r pr\d ( x4--,holmes4 #aa4 ,:5 mobs 7 ro>+ !mselves ho>se = ,wilkes & lib]ty1 he d5\nc$ ,wilkes z a wor?less pr(ligate4--,j4 ,r4 ,gre54 #ab4 ,be=e he _h f9i%$ 8 toilet a /roke ( apoplexy /ret*$ him s5seless ^u ! floor4--,motley4 #ac4 ,sad or s9ful is ! life ( t man :o f9ds n ! heav5s blu] & ! waves m musical 9 maturity ?an 9 *ildhood4--,higg9son4 #ad4 ,mean:ile ! ,fr5* & ,bretons made good _! asc5t on ei!r flank4--,j4 ,r4 ,gre54 #ae4 ,! excitem5t on %ore became wild2 m5 %\t$ !mselves ho>se2 wom5 laugh$ & cri$4--,he>n4 #af4 ,9 ! fullness ( my he>t ,i laid b>e our plans be=e him4--,/ev5son4 #ag4 ,!y h criticis$ ! ,insurrection z ev9c+ 9 ! riot]s an extreme backw>dness to battle4--,c>lyle4 #ah4 ,b see+ t our ho/ sets u ! good example ( =gett+ c]emony1 ,i %all likewise ?r[ x aside & make free to intrude on 8 privacy4--,haw?orne4 ,ex]cise #cd ,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,he plac$ ! guns1 toge!r ) a good supply ( ammunition1 "u ! loop-holes t comm&$ ! road by :i* ! enemy mu/ advance4 #b4 ,! /&+ difficulty 9 ! long run is n want ( places1 b want ( m54--,hale4 #c4 ,act fai?fully1 & y really h fai?1 no matt] h[ cold & ev5 h[ dubi\s y may feel4--,wm4 ,james4 #d4 ,le>n$ s]geant eloqu5ce1 7 x cont9u$ until ! le>n$ tongue wore itself small 9 ! indefatigable le>n$ m\?1 _c make unju/ j4--,c>lyle4 #e4 ,we *>ge e man ) positive di%one/y :o drives birds f 8 g>d5 9 fruit "t2 ! fruit is !irs z well z y\rs4--,bee*]4 #f4 ,! ,au/rians are simply hat$ z ! means by :i* an ali5 & despotic gov]nm5t is impos$ ^u a p believ+ !mselves born = fre$om & indep5d5ce4--,h[ells4 #g4 ,! des]t heav5s h felt h] sadness2 ,h] e>? w weep h] "s dewy te>s4--,jean ,+el[4 #h4 ,f9ally he %ook himself free f ! dreamy spell ( ! place1 & turn$ 8 face s\?w>d aga94--,h4 ,h4 #i4 ,bob _h always be5 a great favorite ) ! ,colonel1 & ev] s9ce he _h be5 a small boy1 he _h be5 us$ to com+ ov] & /ay+ ) him4--,page4 #aj4 ,b !y dete/ ,v5ice z a place ( resid5ce4--,h[ells4 #aa4 ,place a tree or plant 9 an unusual position1 & x w prove itself equal to ! occasion & behave 9 an unusual mann]4--,burr\ghs4 #ab4 ,! gr& ess5tials ( happ9ess are some?+ to d1 some?+ to love1 & some?+ to hope =4--,*alm]s4 #ac4 ,to t\* ! ,temple 01 9 ! eyes ( ! ,jews1 to incur ! v5geance ( ! ,almighty4--,geikie4 #ad4 ,daily "w is "o ( ! bless$ influ5ces :i* keep ! s\l /rong & sane4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #ae4 ,:o toil$ a slave may come anew a ,pr9ce ,= g5tle wor?9ess & m]it won2 ,:o rul$ a k+ may w&] e>? 9 rags ,= ?+s done & undone4--,e4 ,arnold4 #af4 ,x 0 some:at wi/fully t %e ask$ h] husb& h[ f> ?is place 0 f h] home1 & :e!r1 :5 he 0 at "w1 %e c\ld n come d[n "h by h]self4--,black4 #ag4 ,!y set up _! c\ntry z _! idol1 & propos$ to !mselves ! h]oes ( ,plut>* z _! examples4--,macaulay4 #ah4 ,he 0 s5t to ,/4 ,luke's & dismiss$ z cur$4--,miss ,mit=d4 #ai4 ,mrs4 ,smi? 0 a matron ^: c\nt5ance address$ itself to ! m9d r ?an to ! eye4--,t4 ,h>dy4 #bj4 ,at ! f> end ( ! vi/a he c\ld behold h] 9 h] *ildhood z ! daught] ( a cavali] l&-hold] 9 ! valley ( ! ,james4--,j4 ,l4 ,all54 #ba4 ,x amus$ me va/ly at times to ?9k t he 0 ( our %rewd ,yankee race4--,h4 ,james4 #bb4 ,i "k ?is1 t ! way ,"m ,e>? treats a boy %apes out a k9d ( natural !ology = him4--,holmes4 #bc4 ,! aim :i* ,bonap>te av[$ z 8 highe/ ambition = ,france1 to conv]t all trades into arts1 is be+ rapidly fulfill$ all ar\nd u4--,higg9son4 #bd4 ,no man becomes a sa9t 9 8 sleep4--,c>lyle4 #be4 ,%e taught ! y\? h[ to make fri5ds ) ! crickets & squirrels1 & h[ to call ! ?ru% & ! rob9 to eat f 8 h&4--,hillis4 #bf4 ,he w hunt among ^! hills dur+ ! next moon1 s he has told me4--,kipl+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,! ,,indirect ,,object ,function4--,_m v]bs are foll[$ by two sub/antives1 bo? ( :i* are call$ objects2 = example1 8,abbot ,samson read 8 monks a sev]e lecture40--,c>lyle4 8,i w tell y a common case40--,de ,qu9cey4 8,= ?is did ,god s5d h] a great rew>d40--,de ,qu9cey4 ,if we ask ! que/ions read :at8 w tell :at8 did s5d :at8 ! answ]s are ! direct objects ( ! v]bs1 namely1 a sev]e lecture1 a common case1 a great rew>d4 ,if we g f>!r & ask ! que/ions1 read a sev]e lecture to :om8 w tell a common case to :om8 did s5d a great rew>d to :om8 ! answ]s are--to 8 monks1 to y1 to h]4 ,b 9 ! s5t5ces z quot$ ! preposition to is n express$1 ! mean+ be+ evid5t )\t x4 ,a ^w us$ l monks1 y1 h]1 is call$ ! indirect object ( ! v]b4 ,x is n a complem5t1 = ! mean+ ( ! v]b is complete )\t x2 b x is br\ght into ! s5t5ce by ! v]b1 & is !re=e its adjunct4 ,! indirect object is usually def9$ z d5ot+ ! "o to :om or = :om some?+ is done4 ,x is n always1 h[ev]1 a p]sonal ^w1 z is se5 9 ,%akespe>e's s5t5ce1--8,give ?y ?\ghts no tongue nor any unproportion$ ?\ght 8 act40 99 99 99 99 99 ,position ( ! ,indirect ,object4--,! position ( ! indirect object is next to ! v]b4 ,if its position is *ang$1 ! preposition is express$1 z is se5 9 ! s5t5ces1--8,"m made me a dress10 & 8,"m made a dress = me40 ,! logical use ( ! ^w me is id5tical 9 ! two s5t5ces1 b ! s5t5ces are built diff]5tly4 ,x prev5ts confusion if we call me 9 ! second s5t5ce ! object ( ! preposition =1 ! phrase = me be+ an adjunct ( ! v]b j z ! "o ^w me is an adjunct ( ! v]b 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,indirect ,object 9 a ,passive ,s5t5ce4--,:5 s5t5ces conta9+ direct & indirect objects are *ang$ to ! passive =m1 ! direct object %\ld become ! subject1 & ! indirect object %\ld rema9 aft] ! v]b or %\ld become ! object ( an express$ preposition4 ,if we *ange ! s5t5ce1 8,abbot ,samson read 8 monks a sev]e lecture10 we %\ld h1 8,a sev]e lecture 0 read to 8 monks by ,abbot ,samson40 ,b x is a common practice to make ! indirect object ! subject ( ! passive v]b & leave ! direct object un*ang$2 ?us1 8,! monks 7 read a sev]e lecture by ,abbot ,samson40 ,9 ?is s5t5ce lecture is call$ a residual object ( ! passive v]b 7 read4 ,s5t5ces aris+ 9 ?is way are (t5 extremely awkw>d1 & %\ld n be tol]at$2 = example1 8,i 0 sold a horse40 99 99 99 99 99 ,v]bs t take an ,indirect ,object4--,! mo/ common are br+1 build1 co/1 cut1 d1 fl+1 =give1 get1 give1 grant1 h&1 leave1 make1 (f]1 pay1 play1 pl$ge1 promise1 rea*1 read1 sell1 s5d1 %[1 tea*1 tell1 ?r[1 weigh1 w91 wi%1 yield4 ,s9ce ! indirect object is n a necess>y s5t5ce-elem5t1 x foll[s t x is frequ5tly omitt$1 s t we f9d ^! v]bs tak+ only ! direct object4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we occasionally f9d v]bs foll[$ by an indirect object & no direct object4 ,?is comes ab\t 9 sev]al ways4-- 7a7 ,:5 ! s5t5ce is *ang$ to ! passive =m & ! preposition to or = is n suppli$2 z1 8,?is *ance 0 nev] (f]$ me be=e40--,james ,?omson4 7b7 ,:5 ! direct object is omitt$1 be+ unimportant or else well kn[n2 z1 8,aft] he _h e>n$ ! rew>d ! committee refus$ to pay him40 7c7 ,:5 ! v]b is intransitive2 z1 8,! ef=t co/ him 8 life40 ,! ^w life is n a direct object b an answ] to ! "q h[ mu*8 !re=e an adv]bial n\n4 ,ex]cise #ce ,dispose ( all indirect objects 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,acc\nt = ! s5t5ces 9 ! passive =m4 #a4 ,! con/ant sight ( *ilbla9s among p :o br+ y bread1 cut y *eese1 & weigh y out sug>1 by no means reconciles ! ,nor!rn /oma* to _! preval5ce4--,h[ells4 #b4 ,give a busy man t5 m9utes to write a lett]1 & he w da% x (f at once4 #c4 ,build !e m /ately mansions1 ,o my s\l1 ,z ! swift seasons roll4--,holmes4 #d4 ,! boy believes !re is a tea*] :o c sell him wisdom4--,em]son4 #e4 ,! amiable mann]s ( ! ,indian girl _h won h] ! reg>d ( ! wife ( "o ( ! caciques4--,prescott4 #f4 ,he 0 all[$ abundance ( food & lib]ty to walk 9 ! c\rty>d ( ! t[]4--,%or?\se4 #g4 ,i ?9k ! old fell[ has hi!rto _h scant ju/ice done him 9 ! ma94--,l[ell4 #h4 ,b s9ce he 0 d5i$ spee*1 he scorn$ ! in>ticulate m\?+s ( ! l[] animals4--,w>n]4 #i4 ,paul1 see+ a s]vant 9 ! y>d1 ord]$ ! boy some?+ to eat4--,r4 ,h4 ,dana1 ,sr4 #aj4 ,9 ,v5etian /reets !y give ! fall5 sn[ no re/--,h[ells4 #aa4 ,!re is ! l>ge wood5 reel :i* ! ble>-ey$ old ,deacon s5t ! m9i/]'s lady4--,holmes4 #ab4 ,we are %[n ! p[] ( our c\ntry gr[+ & exp&+4--,fr\de4 #ac4 ,x co/s a beautiful p]son no ex]tion to pa9t h] image on our eyes1 yet h[ spl5did is t b5efit4--,em]son4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,! ,,adv]bial ,,n\n ,function4--,que/ions l h[ long8 h[ f>8 :58 :]e8 are (t5 answ]$ by adv]bs1 phrases1 or clauses2 b !y may be answ]$ by n\ns1 z 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1--8,a :ile %e paus$2 no answ] came40--,scott4 8,we are transport$ a hundr$ & fifty ye>s back40--,macaulay4 8,e mom5t !y came ne>]4 ,next door lives a c>p5t]40--,miss ,mit=d4 ,x is cle> t ! italiciz$ expressions are us$ adv]bially1 modify+ respectively ! v]b paus$1 ! adv]b back1 ! v]b came1 & ! v]b lives4 ,! base-^w ( ea* ( ^! expressions is a n\n1 call$ an adv]bial n\n4 ,x is immat]ial to u :at case ?is n\n is 91 b a /udy ( ,old ,engli% tea*es u t x is 9 ! objective case1 :ile a fur!r pro( is t we frequ5tly employ a preposition be=e x4 ,! adv]bial n\n usually d5otes measure ( "s sort1 ( "t1 di/ance1 space1 weight1 value1 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at ! ,adv]bial ,n\n modifies4--#a4 ,a v]b2 z1 8,a man c\ld h f\nd places :]e he c\ld h jump$ ?ree ?\s& feet 9 "o desc5t to ! valley40--,k+4 #b4 ,an adjective2 z1 8,he 0 ne>ly a head tall] ?an myself40 ,! adjective wor? is always modifi$ by an adv]bial n\n answ]+ ! "q h[ mu*8 & frequ5tly by o!rs answ]+ v>i\s o!r que/ions2 z1 8,:eat wor? a doll> a bu%el la/ week is sell+ n[ = eighty c5ts40 ,notice t ! modifi]s ( wor? diff] 9 clos5ess ( relation2 ! close/ is doll>1 ! next bu%el1 & ! next week4 ,?is is n det]m9$ by position4 #c4 ,an adv]b2 z1 8,! olde/ s]geant pres5t /epp$ a pace =w>d40 #d4 ,a phrase2 z1 8,c5turies be=e ?is ! ,*9ese _h pr9t$ books by means ( c>v$ wood5 blocks40 #e4 ,a clause2 z1 8,8 room is hung r\nd ) cases ( !m1 ea* impal$ on a p9 driv5 ?r\gh him some?+ z !y us$ to bury suicides40--,holmes4 ,9 su* a s5t5ce z1 8,he is =ty ye>s ( age10 x is some:at difficult to det]m9e :e!r ye>s modifies ( age or ( age modifies ye>s4 ,?is arises p]haps f ! fact t nei!r ye>s nor ( age makes a good base = ! complem5t ( is4 ,he is n =ty ye>s1 nei!r does ! s5t5ce mean t he is ( age4 ,we mu/ say t is is complet$ by ! expression =ty ye>s ( age1 us$ adjectively & hav+ ! mean+ ( "o ^w4 ,if we wi% to g fur!r & analyze ?is complem5t1 we say t ( age is ! base1 mean+ old1 & t ?is phrase is modifi$ by ! adv]bial n\n =ty ye>s4 ,x is ! same 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,we (t5 read ab\t precipices t are ?\s&s ( feet 9 desc5t40--,k+4 ,! v]b are is complet$ by ! gr\p ( words1 ?\s&s ( feet 9 desc5t1 hav+ ! mean+ ( v high4 ,( ?is gr\p 9 desc5t is ! base modifi$ by ! adv]bial n\n ?\s&s ( feet4 ,a common con/ruction is f\nd 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,ab\t two weeks ago ,i look$ d[n f ! ,m>iposa trail into ! trem5d\s fissure ( ! ,si]ras40 ,9 analyz+ ! adv]bial elem5t ab\t two weeks ago1 we f9d ! base-^w to be ! adv]b ago2 ?is is modifi$ by ! adv]bial n\n ab\t two weeks1 ! base ( :i* is weeks modifi$ fir/ by two & !n by ab\t4 ,,notes4--#a4 ,_m pref] to consid] ab\t a preposition1 gov]n+ weeks1 & ago an adjective modify+ weeks4 ,b 9 ! famili> expression long ago1 ago is said to be an adv]b1 & its use seems to u ! same 9 ! expression two weeks ago4 ,x is a case :]e use r ?an d]ivation %\ld det]m9e ! "p ( spee*4 ,ab\t has ! same relation to two weeks t almo/ w\ld h 9 ! same position4 #b4 ,a fur!r expression d5ot+ degree1 :i* may well be notic$ "h1 is f\nd 9 ! s5t5ces1--8,john is good & /rong02 8,%e sail$ good & fa/40 ,9 ! fir/ s5t5ce x is n ! au?or's int5tion to give two attributes ( ,john2 ! s5t5ce means t ,john is v /rong4 ,9 analyz+ ! s5t5ce x is be/ n to sep>ate ! gr\p ( words good & /rong4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,/ev5son1--8,b ,i 0 r>e & hungry10 ! sub/itution ( r>e = good makes ! s5t5ce mean1--8,i 0 unusually hungry40 ,ex]cise #cf ,dispose ( all n\ns us$ adv]bially 9 ^! s5t5ces4 #a4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 ,pr(4 ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,morse1 an ,am]ican1 inv5t$ ! electric telegraph4 #b4 ,if y _h be5 able to keep awake only a ye> or two long]1 y w\ld n h be5 s :olly surpris$ by our indu/rial sy/em4--,bellamy4 #c4 ,he is ! *iefta9 :o looms a head above all 8 p4--,boyes54 #d4 ,judgm5t = an evil ?+ is _m times delay$ "s day or two1 "s c5tury or two1 b x is sure z life1 x is sure z dea?4--,c>lyle4 #e4 ,! sn[ lay half an in* deep on ! br[n tiles4--,h[ells4 #f4 ,dante di$ only sev5 ye>s be=e ,*auc] 0 born4--,l[ell4 #g4 ,soon 8 face 0 wor? go+ f> to see4--,j4 ,l4 ,all54 #h4 ,! desolate & spl9t]$ walls ( ,horeb & ,s9ai are n a qu>t] s high4--,k+4 #i4 ,"s ye>s ago ,i 0 travel+ by railway1 no matt] :5ce or :i!r4--,fr\de4 #aj4 ,he 0 exactly five feet six in*es 9 height & six feet five in*es 9 circumf]5ce4--,irv+4 #aa4 ,only ab\t ?ree weeks s9ce1 !re 0 a lead] ) ?is or a simil> title4--,rusk94 #ab4 ,i arriv$ "o w9t] morn+ ab\t five o'clock1 & 0 n s full ( s\l z ,i might h be5 9 w>m] wea!r4--,h[ells4 #ac4 ,"s ( y are1 p]haps1 m liv+ly aw>e ?an y 7 an h\r ago ( ! dep?s ( wor? t lie ar\nd y1 hid 9 ali5 lives4--,wm4 ,james4 #ad4 ,he did n "k t he bore ) him f s*ool & college a "* wor? mu* f9e gold1 b 0 pleas$ to f9d 8 mess s k9dly4--,kipl+4 #ae4 ,?is 0 a bad beg9n+2 s1 half an h\r aft] ! gun 0 )drawn1 ! ,au/rian colonel ord]$ an assault4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx ,,peculi> ,,modifications ,x is n uncommon to f9d words modifi$ 9 :at seems to u an ungrammatical way2 = example1 an article modify+ an adjective1 z 9 ! phrase all ! same1 or an adv]b modify+ a n\n1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,we walk$ ! :ole di/ance1 exactly ?ree miles10 :]e ! adv]b exactly is a modifi] ( ! n\n phrase ?ree miles4 ,"s ( ^! modifications we %all n[ consid]4 #a4 ,! article ! modify+ an adjective4--,we f9d ?is 9 _m phrases t h become curr5t 9 lit]ature no less ?an 9 conv]sation2 = example1 all ! quick]1 none ! worse1 q ! contr>y1 at ! be/4 ,9 "s in/ances1 z 9 ! la/ example giv51 we may say t ! adjective has become a sub/antive 9 mean+ & h5ce may be modifi$ by ! article4 ,9 o!r cases a n\n may be suppli$ aft] ! adjective1 & ! article may be said to modify ! n\n4 ,b 9 mo/ cases ! adjective is us$ 9 ! s5se ( an adjective1 & x is impossible1 too1 to supply any n\n aft] x1 s we mu/ take ! expression z we f9d x & say t ! article modifies an adjective1 ! con/ruction be+ idiomatical4 ,illu/rations ( ?is con/ruction are f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- 7a7 8,hundr$s & hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( seals wat*$ !m be+ driv51 b !y w5t on play+ j ! same40--,kipl+4 7b7 8,! negroes decl>$ t "u ! old h\se 7 solid rock *amb]s :i* _h be5 built = dungeons1 & _h s]v$ = purposes :i* 7 none ! less awful because !y 7 vague & indef9ite40 ,_m ( ^! phrases conta9 a modify+ adv]b4 ,9 j ! same1 ! adv]b j modifies ! same4 ,9 all ! m we h all us$ adv]bially to modify ! m4 ,! base-^w ( ^! phrases is j z (t5 an adv]b z an adjective1 z 9 ! s5t5ces1 8,?is news only made u walk ! fa/]02 8,he did x none ! worse = ! _m int]ruptions40 #b4 ,9 su* expressions z a few books1 a good _m trees1 ! article a may seem at fir/ ?\ght to modify a plural n\n2 b ?is is n ! case4 ,! article modifies ! pronom9al adjectives few & _m1 hav+ ! mean+ ( collective n\ns1 t is1 mean+ individuals tak5 z a gr\p in/ead ( s+ly4 ,?is pronom9al is !n modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase ( books1 ( trees1 ) ! preposition ( und]/ood4 ,usage alone settles = u :5 ! preposition is to be express$4 ,we say a few ( !m2 b if we use a n\n 9 place ( ! pron\n !m we omit ! preposition2 z1 a few p5nies4 ,we say a score ( ye>s1 & a c\ple ( ye>s1 b we omit ! preposition aft] doz51 ano!r ^w d5ot+ numb]1 & say a doz5 ye>s4 ,aft] ! collective n\n cr[d we express ! preposition2 z1 a cr[d ( boys2 b if we say a great _m 9 place ( cr[d1 we omit ! preposition1 say+ a great _m boys4 ,= analysis1 h[ev]1 ! preposition %\ld always be suppli$4 #c4 ,adv]bs sometimes modify n\ns4--,?is comes ab\t (t5 by abridg+ an adjective clause to an appositive phrase2 = example1 8,john ,adams 0 born at ,qu9cy1 !n "p ( ! anci5t t[n ( ,bra9tree1 on ! #ai? day ( ,octob] 7,o4 ,s47 #agce40--,web/]4 ,if we supply :i* 0 aft] ! n\n ,qu9cy1 we h an adjective clause1 9 :i* ! adv]b !n modifies ! :ole pr$icate--a regul> con/ruction4 ,b 9 ! s5t5ce z orig9ally writt51 ! adv]b modifies ! n\n "p4 ,we occasionally f9d n\ns us$ 9 ! place ( ^! modify+ adv]bs4 ,we may say ?rice ! am\nt1 :]e9 am\nt is modifi$ by ! adv]b ?rice1 or we may sub/itute = ?rice ! n\n phrase ?ree times4 ,we also f9d ! n\n some?+ us$ 9 ! place ( ! adv]b some:at1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,he _h some?+ ! mann] ( a ,s\!rn]40 ,su* a ^w re/ricts ! application ( ! n\n x modifies4 ,! adv]bs almo/ & ab\t are us$ 9 ! same way1 z 9 almo/ a ye>1 ab\t a p\nd4 ,b is frequ5tly us$ adjectively 9 ! s5se ( only1 hav+ a limit+ or re/rictive =ce2 ?us1 8,he 0 b "o g5]ation remov$ f ! soil40--,boyes54 ,examples ( adv]bs modify+ n\ns are f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 7a7 8,! ,s*eld1 almo/ exclusively a ,belgian riv]1 aft] leav+ its f\nta9s 9 ,pic>dy1 fl[s ?r\gh ! pleasant prov9ces ( ,fl&]s & ,ha9ault40--,motley4 7b7 8,x may well be d\bt$ :e!r ,roman lit]ature1 always a half-h>dy exotic1 c\ld rip5 ! se$s ( liv+ reproduction40--,l[ell4 7c7 8,s\? ,dome is a va/ globe ( bold rock1 almo/ a full mile 9 height40--,k+4 7d7 8,i fell a helpless prey to a boatman :o address$ me 9 "s words ( wond]ful ,engli% & !n r[$ me to ! sea wall at ab\t ?rice ! usual f>e40--,h[ells4 #d4 ,"s n\ns l h[l1 cry1 %ock1 d]iv$ f v]bs d5ot+ action1 may be modifi$ by an adv]bial clause ( "t or place4 ,we may say1 8,he cri$ out joyfully :5 he caught sight ( me10 :]e ! clause modifies ! pr$icate cri$ out joyfully2 or we may say1 8,8 cry :5 he caught sight ( me 0 joyful10 :]e ! same clause ) ! same mean+ modifies ! subject 8 cry4 ,a clause introduc$ by z1 ) ! mean+ & con/ruction ( an adv]bial clause ( mann]1 may modify a n\n & s save sev]al words2 = example1 8,_! plays are mu* %ort] ?an ! /&>d drama z x is kn[n to u40--,h[ells4 ,"h z is equival5t to ! gr\p ( words 9 ! =m 9 :i*4 #e4 ,!re are "s modifi]s ( v]bs consi/+ ( sev]al words :i* %\ld n be sep>at$1 inasmu* z !y express only "o idea4 ,"s ( ^! are by & by1 (f h&1 day by day1 side by side4 ,"s ( ^! expressions aft] !y h be5 consid]$ z units may be sep>at$ into _! comp\nd elem5ts4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,!y h infe/$ ! place "t out ( m9d10 we say t ! pr$icate h infe/$ ! place is modifi$ by ! adv]bial phrase "t out ( m9d1 ?is hav+ ! =ce ( "o adv]b4 ,we may !n say t ?is phrase is made up ( ! n\n "t modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase out ( m9d4 #f4 ,c]ta9 absolute phrases h become equival5t to s+le words & z su* are us$ adjectively or adv]bially to modify n\ns or v]bs4 ,"s ( ^! are wrong side out1 upside d[n1 "o beh9d ! o!r4 ,ea* ( ^! consi/s ( a sub/antive--wrong side1 upside1 "o1--& an attribute ( ?is sub/antive--out1 d[n1 & beh9d ! o!r4 ,^! attributes are jo9$ directly to ! sub/antive because ( ! omission ( ! p>ticiple be+4 ,examples ( ^! phrases are f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 7a7 8,apoplexy is only egotism wrong side out40--,holmes4 7b7 8,salvationi/s sat ?ree 9 a seat & play$ conc]t9as40--,bolles4 ,ex]cise #cg ,f9d examples ( peculi> modifications 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,"o is always ! bett] = a walk 9 ! morn+ air1 a m$ic9e :i* may be tak5 ov] & ov] aga9 )\t any s5se ( sam5ess or any failure ( its invigorat+ quality4--,l[ell4 #b4 ,h] gratitude = su* ?\ghtfulness ( 8 smote him l a reproa*2 all ! m t he knew h] g5tle he>t _h nev] held a ?\ght ( reproa* 9 x t[>ds him4--,h4 ,h4 #c4 ,^! b>ges 7 all ti$ "o beh9d ! o!r ) t[-ropes1 to ! numb] ( tw5ty-five or ?irty4--,/ev5son4 #d4 ,i ran ! same way1 out/ripp+ a good _m1 & soon came fac+ ! sea4--,dick5s4 #e4 s*ylus 01 head & he>t1 a lyric poet4--,macaulay4 #f4 ,! dog-:ip is six y>ds long1 & ! h&le b sixte5 in*es4 #g4 ,civilis 0 hemm$ 9 by ! ocean2 8 c\ntry1 long ! basis ( ,roman milit>y op]ations1 0 accessible by riv] & canal4--,motley4 #h4 ,sea ,cat* 0 fifte5 ye>s old1 a huge gray fur-seal ) almo/ a mane on 8 %\ld]s1 & long1 wick$ dog-tee?4--,kipl+4 #i4 ,he 0 ! repres5tative ( ! great dyna/y ^: "n & effigies _h be5 borne by all ! co9 ( ,india until )9 "s tw5ty ye>s be=e4--,mc,carthy4 #aj4 ,x is bett] to d a few ?+s precisely z !y %\ld be done1 ?an to d t5 times z _m 9 a loose1 slov5ly way4 #aa4 ,"o ( ^! tunes1 j z x _h s\nd$ f h] spiritual t\*1 _h be5 writt5 d[n by an amateur ( music4--,haw?orne4 #ab4 ,he 0 a lean1 n]v\s1 flibb]tigibbet ( a man1 ) some?+ ! look ( an actor1 & some?+ ! look ( a horse jockey4--,/ev5son4 #ac4 ,! %ock to ! s5ses !re1 z "o rides out f ! level & %elt]$ =e/1 up to :i* our horses _h be5 climb+ two days1 is sc>cely less ?an if he _h be5 in/antly borne to a region :]e ! ,creator reveals m ( himself 9 8 works ?an c be le>n$ f ! ord9>y sc5]y ( ?is _w4--,k+4 #ad4 ,?us ! :ole life ^u ! globe1 z we see x1 is ! result ( ?is bl9d grop+ & putt+ =? ( nature 9 e direction4--,burr\ghs4 #ae4 ,i "k v well t he c\ld bett] himself1 & e>n twice :at ,i am able to give him4--,conan ,doyle4 ,ex]cise #ch ,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,! sight ( ! re/+ c\ntry does 8 _s good4--,/ev5son4 #b4 ,to g to b$ 0 to lie awake ( cold1 ) an add$ %udd] ( fright :5ev] a loose casem5t or a wav+ curta9 *ose to give y ! goose-fle%4 #c4 ,! h\se _h be5 built _m g5]ations be=e by a /rang] 9 ?is section1 & ! own]s nev] made x _! p]man5t home4--,page4 #d4 ,"o /ick1 po9t$1 makes him a spe>2 two /icks rubb$ toge!r make him a fire2 fifty /icks ti$ toge!r make him a h\se4--,drummond4 #e4 ,i (t5 ?\ght t he felt ! dumb limitations :i* d5i$ him ! p[] ( language4--,w>n]4 #f4 ,l5g?s ( br[ni%-gre5 & yell[ tape/ry1 none ! fre%] = its two c5turies & m ( exi/5ce1 /ill prote/$ aga9/ ! mod]n h]esy ( wall-pap]4--,j4 ,haw?orne4 #g4 ,c5turies ago 8 granite crumbl$ & 8 m>ble became du/1 b 8 sweet psalms & songs d /ill abide4--,hillis4 #h4 ,besides ! cattle we saw no liv+ ?+ except a few birds & a great _m fi%]m54--,/ev5son4 #i4 ,i pass$ "s pleasant h\rs1 a few ye>s s9ce1 9 ! ,regi/ry ( ,de$s & ! ,t[n ,records1 look+ up ! hi/ory ( ! old h\se4--,holmes4 #aj4 ,d5nis dealt him a bl[ ^u ! face :i* fell$ him to ! gr\nd4--,dick5s4 #aa4 ,! /r5g? ( a rope may be b ! /r5g? ( its weake/ "p2 b poets are to be judg$ 9 _! happie/ h\rs1 & 9 _! greate/ works4--,birrell4 #ab4 ,:y are y n on y\r way home8--,fr\de4 #ac4 ,_m a g>d5] w cut y a b\quet ( 8 *oice/ blossoms = small fee1 b he does n love to let ! se$s ( 8 r>e/ v>ieties g out ( 8 own h&s4--,holmes4 #ad4 ,! _s ( local self-gov]nm5t1 always ! life-blood ( lib]ty1 0 (t5 excessive 9 its manife/ations4--,motley4 #ae4 ,%]e ,khan 0 ! tig] :o liv$ ne> ! ,wa+unga ,riv]1 tw5ty miles away4--,kipl+4 #af4 ,?is 0 n ! fir/ "t t ,i _h be5 refus$ a lodg+4--,/ev5son4 #ag4 ,x co/ him ! be/ ye>s ( 8 life to conqu] !m4--,"l4 #ah4 ,! society 0 =m$ f\r c5turies & a half aft] ! poet's dea?4--,l[ell4 #ai4 ,! :ites h too frequ5tly set !m an example ( viol5ce1 by burn+ _! villages & lay+ wa/e _! sl5d] means ( subsi/5ce1 & yet !y wond] t savages d n %[ mod]ation & magnanimity t[>ds ^? :o h left !m no?+ b m]e exi/5ce & wret*$ness4--,irv+4 #bj4 ,i arriv$ "o w9t] morn+ ab\t five o'clock1 & 0 n s full ( s\l z ,i might h be5 9 w>m] wea!r4--,h[ells4 #ba4 ,!re is a g5tleman ) !m1 :o some:at resembles ,/4 ,ni*olas z he appe>$ to ! "y ,van ,gleeks on ! fif? ( ,decemb]4--,mrs4 ,dodge4 #bb4 ,x took him tw5ty ye>s to subdue ^! fi]ce w>riors4--,"l4 #bc4 ,"o good1 k9d1 /ory-tell+1 ,bible-rehe>s+ aunt at home1 ) apples & g+]bread premiums1 is wor? all ! s*oolma'ams t ev] /ood by to see poor little fell[s roa/ 9 ^? boy-traps call$ di/rict s*ools4--,bee*]4 #bd4 ,! spectre />t$ full jump ) him4--,irv+4 #be4 ,z 9 8 tales he _h endeavor$ to conc5trate into a few /rongly def9$ types ! mod]n folk-life ( ! ,nor?1 s 9 8 dramas ! same innate love ( 8 nationality leads him to seek ! typical features ( 8 p1 z !y are reveal$ 9 ! hi/oric *iefta9s ( ! pa/4--,boyes54 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi ,,indep5d5t ,,elem5ts ,9 ! *apt]s on ! inf9itive phrase & ! p>ticipial phrase1 we discuss$ ^? phrases us$ indep5d5tly1 t is1 ?r[n loosely into ! s5t5ce & =m+ no "p ( its /ructure1 z 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1--8,x w !n1 to borr[ ! elegant language ( ! play-bills1 be )drawn to make room = ! =?com+ novelties40--,macaulay4 8,!re is no cu/om t c1 prop]ly speak+1 be f9al40--,c>lyle4 ,besides phrases ( ^! k9ds1 !re are sev]al o!r v>ieties ( indep5d5t elem5ts t are commonly us$ & =m v int]e/+ mat]ial 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,_! function is (t5 an important "o1 & !y c\ld n be disp5s$ ) )\t necessitat+ a v r\ndab\t & clumsy =m ( expression4 ,"s ( ^! elem5ts are s+le words1 "s are phrases1 & "s are propositions1 bo? indep5d5t 9 /ructure & dep5d5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,words us$ ,indep5d5tly4--,i4 ,! n\n ( address4--,?is is us$ 9 two ways3 7a7 ,9 oral or writt5 conv]sation or =mal address1 :]e ! "n ( ! p]son spok5 is us$1 ei!r to invite 8 att5tion or = ! sake ( c\rtesy2 z1 8,^u my life1 ,mr4 ,caudle1 t's v cool40--,j]rold4 7b7 ,9 m or less impassion$ composition1 (t5 poetry or oratory1 :]e ! p]son or ?+ spok5 ab\t is address$ z if actually pres5t & capable ( und]/&+ ! address4 ,su* an address has ! nature ( an explanation4 ,x =ms ! figure ( spee* call$ apo/rophe2 z1-- 8,o /> ( /r5g?4 ,i see !e /& ,& smile ^u my pa940--,longfell[4 #b4 ,we also h ! n\n us$ indep5d5tly by pleonasm1 t is1 ei!r = emphasis or to call ! read]'s att5tion to ! subject t is to be talk$ ab\t2 z1 8,! birds t come ab\t "o's door 9 w9t] or t build 9 8 trees 9 summ]1 :at a peculi> int]e/ !y h40--,burr\ghs4 ,! base ( ?is indep5d5t elem5t is ! n\n birds2 ! elem5t is long because ( ! two re/rictive adjective clauses modify+ birds4 ,(t5 ?is indep5d5t n\n is introduc$ by z = or z to2 ?us1 8,z = ! boy1 he turn$ up aft] a :ile z a con/ant gue/40--,h[ells4 ,! words z = indicate t ! boy _h already be5 ! subject ( disc\rse 9 "s previ\s s5t5ce4 #c4 ,! words well1 n[1 :y (t5 beg9 a s5t5ce4 ,!y may indicate ! writ]'s /ate ( m9d1 8 attitude t[>d :at he is go+ to say1 also ! tone1 :e!r ( conviction1 remon/rance1 surprise1 or delib]ation1 ) :i* ! s5t5ce %\ld be read2 z1 8,:y1 let him g home 9 ! ra91 to be sure40--,j]rold4 8,n[1 ! capitali/s 7 m5 ( und]/&+ & wise 9 _! g5]ation40--,bellamy4 #d4 ,! int]jection is an indep5d5t elem5t4 ,x may be a s+le ^w or a gr\p ( words ) ! (fice ( "o4 ,su* words & expressions z ,ah6 ,oh6 ,alas6 ,de> me6 ,o my />s & g>t]s6 ,hurrah6 fudge6 pooh6 are us$ to communicate n our ?\ghts b our feel+s4 ,9 do+ ?is !y p]=m ! "w ( a :ole decl>ative s5t5ce2 z1-- 8,hurrah6--,hurrah6--! we/ w9d ,comes fre%5+ d[n ! bay1 ,! ris+ sails are fill+1-- ,give way1 my lads1 give way60 --,:itti]4 ,! int]jection eh8 is int]rogative4 ,:oa6 & hi/6 are imp]ative4 ,o is frequ5tly us$ be=e ! n\n ( address4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,prepositional ,phrase us$ ,indep5d5tly4--,?is is usually a /]eotyp$ phrase ready to h& = any "o :o wi%es to use x1 su* a phrase z = example1 9 fact1 9 %ort1 at any rate4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,/ev5son1 8,i take x1 9 %ort1 t ,i 0 ab\t z ne> ,nirvana z w\ld be conv5i5t 9 practical life2 & if ?is be s ,i make ! ,buddhi/s my s9c]e complim5ts10 ! little indep5d5t phrase signifies to ! read] t ! au?or1 in/ead ( go+ on ) a long description ( 8 /ate ( feel+1 has ?\ght ( a happy way by :i* he c communicate a k ( x 9 v few words4 ,9 ,irv+'s s5t5ce1 8,?is1 by ! way1 is a m]e casual rem>k1 :i* ,i w\ld n = ! univ]se h x ?\ght ,i apply to ,gov]nor ,van ,twill]10 ! indep5d5t phrase indicates t ?is s5t5ce also is only a casual rem>k1 mu* l a p]sonal 8aside0 f ! au?or to ! read]4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce f ,mrs4 ,gaskell1--8,9 ! fir/ place1 ,cran=d is 9 possession ( ! ,amazons10 ! phrase is equival5t to ! indep5d5t inf9itive phrase to beg9 )4 ,x in=ms ! read] t ! rem>k x introduces is necess>y z a sett+ or backgr\nd = fur!r description ( ,cran=d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,propositions us$ ,indep5d5tly4--#a4 ,! imp]ative s5t5ce address$ to ! read]2 z1 8,m9d y1 ?is 0 ! _w z ,i fir/ knew x40--,holmes4 ,?is indep5d5t elem5t is l a note ( w>n+1 tell+ ! read] n to conclude t ?is is ! _w z ! writ] knew x lat]4 #b4 ,an exclamation l 8,bless y\r s\l60 or 8,?ank ,god60 :]e9 ! subject ( ! v]b is omitt$4 ,su* an expression reveals ! au?or's feel+ ab\t ! /atem5t2 z1 8,! civiliz$ _w is le>n+1 ?ank ,god1 m & m ( ! importance ( physical sci5ce40--,k+sley4 ,an expression some:at simil> to ?is is f\nd 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,?anks to y1 ,i am able to speak ,fr5*40 ,"h ! cause ( my ability to speak ,fr5* is giv5 9 ! expression ,?anks to y2 b ?is is n s con/ruct$ z to be a grammatical modifi] ( ! pr$icate1 & h5ce mu/ be consid]$ indep5d5t4 #c4 ,a proposition introduc$ by z4--,?is has ! /ructure ( an adv]bial clause1 b 9 mean+ x is n a modifi] ( any "p ( ! s5t5ce4 ,_m ( ^! expressions are /]eotyp$2 = example1 z x 71 z x w be se51 z ! case might be1 z x 0 call$4 ,!y are usually p>5!tical4 ,_! value 9 ! s5t5ce c be/ be se5 f a few examples4 7a7 8,"t1 z x w be se5 aft]w>d1 did n all[ ,sir ,george ,lewis any *ance ( mak+ good ?is pr$iction40--,mc,carthy4 ,! indep5d5t elem5t "h in=ms ! read] t ! au?or w n drop ! matt] "u discussion ) ! s+le /atem5t ( x1 b w take x up m at l5g? lat]4 ,a simil> expression1 8z we h se510 takes ! read]'s m9d back to some?+ he has read be=e4 7b7 8,! ,saxon1 z x appe>s to me1 has nev] %[n any capacity = art40--,l[ell4 ,! indep5d5t clause signifies "h t ! au?or makes 8 /atem5t n z a matt] ( fact b only z a matt] ( p]sonal op9ion4 7c7 8,%e 01 z ,i _h suppos$1 a g5tlewoman :om a *ange ( circum/ances _h br\ght d[n f h] high e/ate40--,holmes4 ,?is indep5d5t clause conveys to ! read] ! au?or's satisfaction 9 mak+ a /atem5t t is true & t co9cides ) 8 own supposition4 7d7 8#8,y don't "k :at y\r ?\ghts are go+ to be be=eh&6' said ! #8,memb] ( ! ,ha\se1' z he call$ himself40--,holmes4 ,?is indep5d5t elem5t gives ! au?ority = ! prec$+ quotation1 & toge!r ) ! quotation m>ks absolves ! writ] f all responsibility = spell+ & pronunciation4 ,famili> =ms ( ?is clause are--z ev]ybody says1 z ! ,bible says1 z ,%akespe>e puts x4 ,we (t5 use ! fir/ ( ^! :5 we are unwill+ ourselves to be held responsible = our /atem5ts4 ,! o!r two are sometimes us$ le/ p %\ld ?9k we are try+ to pass (f a quot$ rem>k = an orig9al "o4 #d4 ,a clause ( reason introduc$ by =4 ,:5 su* a clause is indep5d5t1 x gives ! reason n = any action express$ 9 ! s5t5ce nor = ! :ole /atem5t1 b r ! au?or's reason = us+ a p>ticul> ^w or phrase2 z1 8,! bitt]e/ oppon5t ( ! poet 7= l e /rong p]sonality he has _m enemies7 is ?us no less 8 debtor ?an 8 w>me/ admir]40--,boyes54 ,su* a clause is n always enclos$ 9 a p>5!sis2 x is j z (t5 set (f by commas or da%es4 #e4 ,an indep5d5t proposition1 decl>ative4--,_m ( ^! indep5d5t elem5ts are /]eotyp$2 su* z1 ,i d>e say1 x seems1 x is said1 x is true4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces conta9 famili> in/ances4 7a7 8,mr4 ,sw9burne1 ,heav5 kn[s1 has be5 imitat$ en\gh40--,sa9tsbury4 ,! indep5d5t elem5t "h makes ! s5t5ce emphatic1 ev5 makes x mean t ,mr4 ,sw9burne has be5 imitat$ too mu*4 7b7 8,to equip s small a book ) a preface is1 ,i am half afraid1 to s9 aga9/ proportion40--,/ev5son4 ,! indep5d5t words are "h apologetic1 reveal+ to ! read] ! au?or's misgiv+ t ! preface is uncall$ =1 b n 8 full conviction4 7c7 8,i want my #8asides1' y see1 to :isp] l\d to y :o read my notes40--,holmes4 ,! indep5d5t words1 a famili> p]sonal rem>k to ! read]1 indicate ! au?or's appreciation ( ! fact t ! read] und]/&s fully z well z ! au?or ! purpose ( ! 8asides40 ,s5t5ces l ! la/ ?ree quot$ c\ld be re-arrang$ s t ! indep5d5t elem5t w\ld become ! pr9cipal proposition & ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce a n\n clause2 ?us1 8,heav5 kn[s t ,mr4 ,sw9burne has be5 imitat$ en\gh40 ,?is transposition is unju/1 = x makes a diff]5t s5t5ce f :at ! au?or int5d$4 ,(t5times s5t5ces read z if ! indep5d5t elem5t 7 n 9 ! au?or's m9d :5 he began to write1 b occurr$ to him dur+ ! writ+ & s 0 put 9 loosely1 p>5!tically--= a purpose1 to be sure1 b n z "p ( ! /ructure ( ! s5t5ce4 ,if we transpose su* s5t5ces1 we give ! indep5d5t elem5t an undue importance1 n int5d$ = x by ! au?or4 ,ex]cise #ci ,select ! indep5d5t elem5ts 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell ! function ( ea*4 #a4 ,ke5 son ( trade1 ) eag] br[1 ,:o is n[ flutt]+ 9 ?y sn>e8 ,?y gold5 =tunes1 t[] !y n[ ,or melt ! glitt]+ spires 9 air8--,bryant4 #b4 ,n[1 we w n discuss ! po9t on any rigid pr9ciples ( morality4--,macaulay4 #c4 ,= my "p1 ,i _h nev] be5 9 a canoe "u sail 9 my life4--,/ev5son4 #d4 ,^! /rang]s or neighbors1 z ! case might be1 7 look+ at ! display ( toys & petty commodities 9 ,hepzibah's %op-w9d[4--,haw?orne4 #e4 ,)\t a ^w to ei!r ( !m--& t 0 n 8 wont--he pass$ to ! /]n ( ! ya*t4--,black4 #f4 ,:y1 bless y\r s\l1 if all ! cities ( ! _w 7 r$uc$ to a%es1 y'd h a new set ( millionaires 9 a c\ple ( ye>s or s out ( ! trade 9 pota%4--,holmes4 #g4 ,z to ! nature ( ! d9n]1 x ( c\rse v>ies some:at accord+ to ! nature ( ! d9]4--,h[ells4 #h4 ,to be frank1 ! ,doctor's little e/abli%m5t 0 du/y & disord]ly--v4--,cable4 #i4 ,!y'll come & look at me1 b1 y may dep5d ^u x1 !y w d9e at y\r exp5se be=e !y g home aga94--,fr\de4 #aj4 ,:5 ! ?und]s ( univ]sal ,france1 z ev5 yet may happ51 %all proclaim ! gr&eur ( ! poor %eph]d-girl t gave up all = h] c\ntry1 ?y e>1 "y %eph]d-girl1 w h be5 deaf = five c5turies4--,de ,qu9cey4 #aa4 ,dep5d ^u x1 !re is n[ tru] duty to be done 9 rais+ h>ve/s ?an 9 burn+ !m4--,rusk94 #ab4 ,& h>k6 h[ bli! ! ?ro/le s+s6 ,he1 too1 is no mean prea*]2 ,come =? into ! light ( ?+s1 ,let ,nature be y\r tea*]4--,wordswor?4 #ac4 ,9 a ^w1 ,rip 0 ready to att5d to anybody's bus9ess b 8 own4--,irv+4 #ad4 ,poor z he 01--= 8 income 0 little m ?an two hundr$ a ye>1--& spr++ z he did f a family ( no political importance1 x 0 by %e] d9t ( g5ius t ! "y cornet ( horse1 at ^: y\? & inexp]i5ce ,walpole _h sne]$1 seiz$ a p[] :i* ! ,:ig h\ses _h ev] s9ce ! ,revolution kept 9 _! grasp4--,j4 ,r4 ,gre54 #ae4 ,call h]1 ,k+ ( ,france1 b %e w n he> !e6--,de ,qu9cey4 #af4 ,! beauty ( ! sc5e increas$1 ?anks l>gely to ! brilliant effects ( cl\d masses & an ard5t sett+ sun4--,bolles4 #ag4 ,z = ! c>nival1 :i* once la/$ six mon?s ( ! ye>1 *>m+ hi!r all ! idl]s ( ! _w by its peculi> spl5dor & v>iety ( pleasure1 x does n1 z ,i said1 any long] exi/4--,h[ells4 #ah4 ,! fireplace1 x %\ld be not$1 0 built on ! side ( ! room opposite to ! w9d[s2 t is to say1 9 "o ( ! p>tition walls4--,j4 ,haw?orne4 #ai4 ,ho6 ye :o suff]6 "k ,ye suff] f y\rselves4 ,none else compels4--,e4 ,arnold4 #bj4 ,& n[1 be+ a trifle *ol]ic 9 8 temp]am5t1 ! lieut5ant gov]nor uplift$ ! heavy hilt ( 8 sword1 :]e) he s beat & bang$ ^u ! door t1 z "s ( ! by/&]s :isp]$1 ! racket might h di/urb$ ! dead4--,haw?orne4 #ba4 ,maule's ,lane1 or ,pyn*eon ,/reet1 z x 7 n[ m decor\s to call x1 0 ?rong$ at ! appo9t$ h\r z ) a congregation on its way to *ur*4--,haw?orne4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii ,,s5t5ce ,,modifi]s ,closely alli$ to ! indep5d5t elem5ts discuss$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] are c]ta9 adv]bs & adv]bial phrases1 :i* seem to modify n any special "p ( ! s5t5ce b ! :ole ass]tion4 ,9 "s cases x is difficult to decide :e!r x is bett] to call a c]ta9 expression a s5t5ce modifi] or an indep5d5t elem5t1 b ?is ne$ n tr\ble u greatly1 = x is n ! "n we give to an elem5t t is ! vital po9t2 x is a cle> p]ception ( :at t elem5t does 9 ! s5t5ce = ! communication ( ! au?or's ?\ght4 99 99 99 99 99 ,classification ( ,s5t5ce ,modifi]s4--,c]ta9 ( ^! modifi]s are s cle>ly di/+ui%able f all o!r s5t5ce-elem5ts t we may /udy !m 9 ! foll[+ gr\ps4 #a4 ,adv]bs4--,mo/ ( ^! are modal adv]bs1 d5ot+ ! mann] 9 :i* an ass]tion is made4 ,?is may be positive1 d\btful1 or negative1 h5ce ! adv]bs surely1 p]haps1 & n are v common s5t5ce modifi]s4 ,o!r adv]bs make ! s5t5ce emphatic1 z inde$2 o!rs d5ote ! ext5t ( its application1 z g5]ally2 /ill o!rs take ! read] back 9 ?\ght to "s previ\s /atem5t1 & d5ote ! logical relation betwe5 ?is previ\s /atem5t & ! s5t5ce 9 :i* !y occur1 z moreov]1 h[ev]1 anyh[1 ?\gh4 ,examples ( ! use ( ^! adv]bs are f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 7a7 8,p]haps1 ,mr4 ,wilson1 y w\ld h ! great k9dness to recomm5ce y\r n>rative40--,conan ,doyle4 7b7 8,inde$1 almo/ all slang is l p>*$ corn & %\ld be s]v$ up hot or else n at all40--,higg9son4 7c7 8,x s]v$1 moreov]1 z a c\ncil ( /ate to assi/ ! mon>* 9 ! transaction ( public bus9ess40--,prescott4 #b4 ,prepositional phrases4--,^! d5ote1 = ! mo/ "p1 :at ! modal adv]bs d5ote4 ,usually !y may be *ang$ to adv]bs t are ne>ly or q equival5t 9 mean+2 = example1 8on ! o!r h&0 h[ev]2 8at all ev5ts0 anyh[2 8( c\rse0 c]ta9ly4 ,x may seem be/ to "s p]sons to say ( ^! phrases1 z likewise ( ! adv]bs1 t !y modify ! pr$icate in/ead ( ! :ole s5t5ce4 ,!re c be no objection to ?is1 z ! pr$icate is ! ass]t+ "p ( ! s5t5ce4 ,examples ( ^! phrases are f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 7a7 8,= ! mo/ "p1 "y p h a pretty ke5 s5se ( honor1 s t ! ma9 ?+ is to keep x fre% & active40--,mung]4 7b7 8,= my "p1 ,i travel n to g any:]e1 b to g40--,/ev5son4 7c7 8,= ! life ( me1 ,i _c und]/& x40--,/ev5son4 #c4 ,phrases or clauses introduc$ by z2 = example1-- 7a7 8,z luck w\ld h x1 !re 0 a fair spr+ morn+ %9+ ov] ! city40--,black4 ,?is clause means luckily1 & tells ! au?or's op9ion ( ! /atem5t he makes4 7b7 8,z a rule1 we disbelieve all facts & !ories = :i* we h no use40--,wm4 ,james4 ,?is phrase means g5]ally1 & d5otes ! ext5t to :i* ! /atem5t is true4 7c7 8,z sure z my "n is ,jack ,copley1 ,i saw ! prettie/ girl 9 ! _w today40--,mrs4 ,wigg94 ,?is clause means truly1 v]ily1 & is us$ to make ! /atem5t emphatic4 #d4 ,we frequ5tly meet s5t5ces conta9+ a phrase l t italiciz$ 9 ! foll[+1--8,f> f %[+ due rev]5ce to ,/4 ,edmund1 he did n ev5 %[ him common ju/ice40--,c>lyle4 ,?is phrase1 x is pla91 means 8in/ead ( %[+ due rev]5ce to ,/4 ,edmund10 b 9 addition x implies !re is a v wide diff]5ce betwe5 two ?+s1--! ?+ he did n d & ! ?+ he did d4 ,x w\ld be natural = u to say--8,in/ead ( :ite1 %e wore p9k02 & x w\ld be j z natural to say--8,f> f we>+ :ite1 %e wore black40 ,our *oice ( phrases dep5ds on ! degree ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! two ?+s contra/$4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 :ite & p9k is n great2 b ! diff]5ce betwe5 :ite & black is "o hundr$ & eighty degrees4 ,:5 we analyze ?is s5t5ce modifi] we f9d x to consi/ ( ! adv]b f> = a base-^w1 modifi$ by a prepositional phrase introduc$ by f4 ,! object ( ! preposition is a g]und1 :i* may be complete or incomplete1 modifi$ or unmodifi$4 ,x is n uncommon = f> to be modifi$ by s1 :i* only int5sifies its mean+2 ?us1 8,= ! ,k+'s subjects1 s f> f be+ *>m$ by 8 resolution to m>ry a woman out ( _! mid/1 are sc&aliz$40 ,ex]cise #dj ,dispose ( ! s5t5ce modifi]s 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,nev]!less1 an important "p ( culture is to acquire ! habit ( f9i%+ e "w4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #b4 ,= my own "p1 ,i ?9k !re is su* a ?+ z be+ too ,anglo-,saxon4--,l[ell4 #c4 ,p1 z a rule1 only pay = be+ amus$ or = be+ *eat$1 n = be+ s]v$4--,rusk94 #d4 ,believe me1 my de> ,miss ,elizabe?1 t y\r mode/y1 s f> f do+ y any diss]vice1 r adds to y\r o!r p]fections4--,jane ,au/54 #e4 ,true eloqu5ce1 inde$1 does n consi/ 9 spee*4--,web/]4 #f4 ,_h we se5 ?is *>m+ l&scape imm$iately aft] bidd+ f>ewell to ,*ocorua1 x w\ld h fail$ to make ! /rong impression ^u u :i* z a matt] ( fact x did produce4--,bolles4 #g4 ,( c\rse1 g5ius & en?usiasm are1 = bo? sexes1 elem5ts un=ese5 & incalculable2 b1 z a g5]al rule1 great a*ievem5ts imply great prep>ations & favorable conditions4--,higg9son4 #h4 ,probably ! election goes by avoirdupois weight2 &1 if y c\ld weigh bodily ! tonnage ( any hundr$ ( ! ,:ig & ! ,democratic p>ty 9 a t[n on ! ,de>born balance1 z !y pass$ ! hayscales1 y c\ld pr$ict ) c]ta9ty :i* p>ty w\ld c>ry x4--,em]son4 #i4 ,to be ineffici5t or %iftless is ! unp>donable s91 to ! m9d ( a born ,new ,engl&]4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #aj4 ,) a frank cordiality *>m+ to contemplate1 !y sev]ally & collectively did _! v be/ to make him feel t1 s f> f be+ a /rang] 9 a /range l&1 he 0 v mu* at home among g5u9e fri5ds4--,janvi]4 ,ex]cise #da ,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,z f> z possible analyze indep5d5t elem5ts4 #a4 ,=1 to repeat1 ! gr\nd ( a man's joy is (t5 h>d to hit4--,/ev5son4 #b4 ,alas6 !y _h be5 fri5ds 9 y\?2 ,b :isp]+ tongues c poison tru?2 ,& con/ancy lives 9 realms above2 ,& life is ?orny2 & y\? is va92 ,& to be wro? ) "o we love ,do? "w l madness 9 ! bra94--,col]idge4 #c4 ,surely ?is 0 8 native village :i* he _h left b ! day be=e4--,irv+4 #d4 ,z a rule1 :5 ,i h he>d "s slight indication ( ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 ,i am able to guide myself by ! ?\s&s ( o!r simil> cases :i* occur to my memory4--,conan ,doyle4 #e4 ,milton1 x is said1 inh]it$ :at 8 pr$ecessors creat$4--,macaulay4 #f4 ,= my own "p1 z ! gondola slipp$ away f ! blaze & bu/le ( ! /ation d[n ! gloom & sil5ce ( ! broad canal1 ,i =got t ,i _h be5 freez+ two days & nights2 t ,i 0 at t mom5t v cold & a little homesick4--,h[ells4 #g4 ,! k+1 z we h se51 mu/ be an exp]i5c$ w>rior4--,prescott4 #h4 ,our sol> sy/em1 f> f be+ alone 9 ! univ]se1 is only "o ( an ext5sive bro!rhood b\nd by common laws & subject to l influ5ces4--,drap]4 #i4 ,fight on1 ?\ brave true he>t1 & falt] n ?r\gh d>k =tune & ?r\gh bright4--,c>lyle4 #aj4 ,fur!r1--& ?is 0 :]e ! p9* came1--8 reputation z a promot] _h be5 mo/ sev]ely injur$4--,janvi]4 #aa4 8,s1 my de> ,miss ,pyn*eon10 said ! dagu]reotypi/1--= x 0 t sole o!r occupant ( ! sev5-gabl$ mansion1--8,i am glad to see t y h n %runk f y\r good purpose40--,haw?orne4 #ab4 ,! voice1 = example1 9 a surpris+ly l>ge numb] ( u1 has a tir$ & pla9tive s\nd4--,wm4 ,james4 #ac4 ,z = ?is old man1 he _h ! be>d ( a sa9t & ! dignity ( a s5ator4--,h[ells4 #ad4 ,=tunately = u1 want ( food1 great heat1 extreme cold1 produce prompt+s too p]emptory to be disreg>d$4--,sp5c]4 #ae4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he 0 nam$ 8,frank10 a circum/ance ,i m5tally res5t$2 b1 :at 0 m to ! po9t1 he _h an evid5t desire to spill u ov] ! /eepe/ bank he c\ld f9d4--,bolles4 #af4 ,?anks to ! b5efic5t my/]ies ( h]$it>y transmission1 no capital e>ns su* int]e/ z p]sonal culture4--,c4 ,w4 ,eliot4 #ag4 ,! human species1 accord+ to ! be/ !ory ,i c =m ( x1 is compos$ ( two di/9ct races1 ! m5 :o borr[1 & ! m5 :o l5d4--,lamb4 #ah4 ,! fir/ au?or1 x is pla91 c\ld n h tak5 any?+ f books1 s9ce !re 7 no books = him to copy f4--,bagehot4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii ,,elliptical ,,s5t5ces ,9 prec$+ *apt]s we h spok5 ( ! t5d5cy 9 ,engli% spee* & composition t[>ds abridgm5t4 ,indep5d5t propositions become clauses1 clauses become phrases1 & phrases give place to words4 ,?is t5d5cy to abbreviate ! expression ( ?\ght is due to two causes3 7#a7 a pr$om9at+ int]e/ 9 "o's ideas & a m9or int]e/ 9 ! expression4 ,9 su* a case "o uses only ! significant words1 leav+ out all ^? t c be suppli$ by ! read]4 7#b7 ,a desire to be impressive1 to ga9 & keep ! read]'s att5tion4 ,at su* times "o rejects all unnecess>y words z di/ract+ att5tion f ! ma9 purpose & ret>d+ ! progress ( ! ma9 ?\ght4 ,! result ( ei!r ( ^! causes is an elliptical s5t5ce--"o t _c be analyz$ )\t supply+ c]ta9 elem5ts necess>y to its grammatical /ructure4 ,elliptical s5t5ces are v common4 ,"s ( !m h be5 already m5tion$ 9 diff]5t *apt]s1 = in/ance1 ! common idiom1 8,i _c b ?9k40 ,"s o!r ellipses we %all make ! subject ( inquiry 9 ! pres5t *apt]1 & = conv5i5ce we %all take !m up z ellipses 9 subord9ate propositions & ellipses 9 pr9cipal propositions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ellipses 9 ,subord9ate ,propositions4-- #a4 ,an elliptical adjective clause2 z1-- 8,a s\nd z ( myriads s++ ,f f> & ne> /ole 940--,:itti]4 ,?is ellipsis comes ab\t ?r\gh ! omission ( 7#a7 ! correlative ( z1 :i* 9 ?is case is su*1 7#b7 ! n\n s\nd1 :i* c easily be suppli$ f ! pr9cipal proposition1 & 7#c7 ! v]b is4 ,exp&$ ! s5t5ce reads1--8,su* a s\nd z a s\nd ( myriads s++ is1 f f> & ne> /ole 940 #b4 ,! elliptical adv]bial clause ( "t2 z1 8,/4 ,patrick1 :5 a boy ( twelve1 lights a fire ) icicles40--,fr\de4 ,9 discuss+ adv]bs z modifi]s ( n\ns 9 ,*apt] ,,xxx1 we f\nd t an adjective clause is frequ5tly abridg$ to an appositive phrase 9 :i* ! base-^w1 or n\n 9 apposition1 is modifi$ by an adv]b4 ,a s5t5ce l ! foll[+ might h aris5 9 su* a way1--8,/4 ,patrick1 !n a boy ( twelve1 light$ a fire ) icicles40 ,"h we h an abridgm5t1 b x is unnecess>y to supply any ellipsis1 = we may say t ! adv]b !n modifies boy ( twelve4 ,b 9 ! s5t5ce quot$ we h n ! simple adv]b !n1 b ! subord9at+ connective :54 ,9 ord] t x may p]=m its ord9>y & prop] function 9 ! s5t5ce1 we supply aft] x ! two words he is1 mak+ a regul> adv]bial clause ( "t1 :5 he is a boy ( twelve4 #c4 ,! elliptical clause ( mann]2 z1 8,a great city sprang up z if by magic40 ,?is con/ruction has be5 spok5 ( 9 ! *apt] on prepositional phrases4 ,x resembles ! elliptical "t clause 9 t ! connective z if is a subord9at+ connective & ne$s a complete proposition foll[+ x4 ,9 ! s5t5ce quot$ we mu/ !re=e supply ! words x sprang up4 ,9 ! elliptical modal clause ! connective is (t5 ! "o ^w z1 ?\gh x g5]ally has ! mean+ ( z if2 z1 8,on t ,i f\nd scrat*$ z ) a nail or =k1 ! foll[+ inscription40--,holmes4 #d4 ,! elliptical adv]bial clause ( condition4 7a7 ,an omission ( ! connective & ! subject2 z1 8,?is frame ( m9d 0 ! great exploit ( our voyage1 take x all 9 all40--,/ev5son4 ,exp&$ = analysis ?is clause becomes1 8if we take x all 9 all40 7b7 ,an omission ( ! subject & ! v]b4 ,?is is f\nd 9 ! famili> expression if possible1 :i* is really if x be possible1 also 9 su* s5t5ces z ! foll[+1--8,:at is ! use ( heal? & life if n to d "s "w ) !m80--,"h we may supply aft] if ! words ! use is or x is4 #e4 ,! elliptical adv]bial clause ( concession4 7a7 ,an omission ( connective & subject2 z1 8,d :at we may1 summ] w h its flies40--,em]son4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce ! v]b d is also to be suppli$ aft] ! auxili>y may4 ,exp&$ ! clause reads1 ?\gh we d :at we may d4 7b7 ,an omission ( subject & v]b1 ! latt] be+ a copula2 z1 8,solitude1 ?\gh sil5t z light1 is1 l light1 ! mightie/ ( ag5cies2 = solitude is ess5tial to man40--,de ,qu9cey4 ,s9ce ! n\n solitude imm$iately prec$es ! clause z subject ( ! pr9cipal proposition1 ! clause is p]fectly cle> )\t ev5 ! pron\n x = a subject1 & ! v]b is is easily und]/ood4 ,only ! new & necess>y ideas ne$ be express$ & ^! are ! attribute sil5t z light4 ,! base ( su* an attribute is n always an adjective2 x may be a n\n1 a p>ticiple1 or a prepositional phrase4 7c7 ,an omission ( connective & subject1 sometimes also ( copula or auxili>y1 be=e a pair ( words 9 opposition to ea* o!r & jo9$ by or2 z1 8,ra9 or %9e1 ! ,k+ rode e day = h\rs40--,?ack]ay4 ,?is elliptical expression means 8?\gh x might ra9 or might %9e40 #f4 ,! elliptical adv]bial clause consi/+ ( a connective & a p>ticipial phrase4 ,?is may d5ote v>i\s relations1--"t1 mann]1 condition1 etc41 b is s frequ5t a con/ruction t x seems be/ to treat x by itself4 ,we h already spok5 ( ?is con/ruction 9 ! *apt] on p>ticipial phrases1 :]e we gave illu/rations :i* might be dispos$ ( )\t supply+ any ellipsis4 ,h[ev]1 ?is disposition is n always satisfactory1 & "s may pref] to exp& ! clause 9 all cases ( ?is k9d4 ,illu/rations are f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- 7a7 ,d5ot+ "t1--8,no am\nt ( h]$it>y virtue has ?us f> sav$ ! m]ely dev\t communities f det]iorat+1 :5 let alone1 into com=t & good d9n]s40--,higg9son4 7b7 ,d5ot+ mann]1--8,x blew 9 enorm\s sighs1 dy+ away at regul> int]vals1 z if paus+ to draw brea?40--,he>n4 7c7 ,d5ot+ concession1--8,su* m51 h[ev] press$ ) bus9ess1 are always f\nd capable ( do+ a little m40 #g4 ,! elliptical adv]bial clause ( degree4--,?is is s frequ5t t we seldom f9d a clause ( degree involv+ a comp>ison t is n elliptical4 ,we %all take up fir/ ! ellipses aft] ! conjunction ?an4 7a7 ,an omission ( ! pr$icate :5 x is ab\t ! same z ! pr$icate ( ! pr9cipal proposition2 z1 8,alas6 books _c be m ?an ! m5 :o write !m 7are740 7b7 ,an omission ( bo? subject & v]b :5 ^! are readily suppli$ f ! context2 z1 8,9 no o!r spot _h sympa?y be5 m fi]cely k9dl$ ?an along t ,we/]n bord] :]e life 0 always t5se ) m>tial passion40--,j4 ,l4 ,all54 ,aft] ?an we are to und]/& ! words x _h be5 k9dl$4 7c7 ,an omission ( ! subject4 ,?is may be ! imp]sonal x2 z1 8,8 features 7 m ref9$ ?an 7x7 0 usual 9 ,roman faces40--,fr\de4 ,or ! subject und]/ood may be ! indef9ite pron\n :at2 z1 8,we h a great deal m k9dness ?an 7:at7 is ev] spok540--,em]son4 7d7 ,v mu* l ! la/ type ( s5t5ce is "o 9 :i* we _c supply :at b mu/ supply ^? :o1 ) ! v]b are = ! pr$icate ( ^?2 z1 8,he met m p ?an c\ld be rememb]$40 ,?is clause exp&$ reads1 8?an ^? are :o c be rememb]$40 ,?is gives u a re/rictive adjective clause )9 ! clause ( degree4 7e7 ,we f9d cases ( ellipsis aft] ?an :i* x is difficult to supply1 & "s ( !m are famili> ev]yday expressions curr5t ev]y:]e & !re=e invaluable 9 ! communication ( ?\ght2 z1 8,naturally ! com+ ( ! ,m>ques de ,valdeflores at ?is critical juncture 0 reg>d$ by ! colonel z no?+ less ?an provid5tial40--,janvi]4 ,%all we make a clause "h read+ ?an a provid5tial ?+ is8 ,ano!r difficult ellipsis is f\nd 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,he may look up to a t[] ( rock & see its brok5 edges1 s(t5$ by m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile ( di/ance1 directly above 8 eyes40--,k+4 ,x seems be/ "h n to attempt to supply any?+1 b to take ! italiciz$ words z a unit1 z if ! "o ^w mile _h be5 9 _! place4 ,?is s5t5ce c\ld1 h[ev]1 be exp&$ to read--s(t5$ by m ( di/ance ?an ?ree f\r?s ( a mile is4 ,ano!r common in/ance is f\nd 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,he 0 m ?an v5]at$ 9 8 day40--,"l4 ,?is passive con/ruction comes f ! active--8,we m ?an v5]at$ him10 :i* 9 turn comes f ! s5t5ce1--8,we did m ?an v5]ate him40 ,x is possible to supply ! ellipsis 9 ! la/ s5t5ce1 mak+ x1--8,we did m ?an to v5]ate him 7is mu*710 b ! o!r two s5t5ces mu/ be consid]$ idiomatic4 ,an idiom simil> to ! la/ is f\nd 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,9 v m>k$ contra/ ) ?is y\ng] man is ! some?+ m ?an middle-ag$ ,regi/] ( ,de$s40--,holmes4 ,! italiciz$ words are a gr\p signify+ "o idea1 = :i* we h no s+le ^w4 ,! base-^w ( ! gr\p is m1 b ?is alone is n a modifi] ( ,regi/] ( ,de$s4 ,s f> z ! gr\p ( words modifies ! n\n phrase ,regi/] ( ,de$s1 x _c be sep>at$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we come n[ to ellipses 9 clauses ( degree aft] ! conjunction z4 7a7 ,! subject may be omitt$2 z1 8,^! are by no means s ne>ly connect$ z might be ?\ght at fir/ sight40--,bagehot4 ,"h we may supply x aft] z1 or we may make ! clause read 8z !y might be ?\ght to be at fir/ sight40 7b7 ,! subject & auxili>y ( ! v]b may be omitt$ :5 !y c easily be suppli$ f ! pr9cipal proposition2 z1 8,8 fell[-conspirators 7 hang$ ne>ly z fa/ z tak540--,h[ells4 ,! clause exp&$ is 8z !y 7 tak540 7c7 ,z aft] ?an1 s aft] z we h "s idiomatic expressions aris+ by ellipsis :i* x seems be/ n to fill out2 z1 8,he knew t into ! _w :]e ,ramona really liv$ he did n s mu* z ent]40--,h4 ,h4 ,?is pr$icate may be exp&$ to read did n d s mu* z to ent] is mu*1 b ?is is v awkw>d4 ,besides1 s mu* z has to u an adv]bial =ce1 be+ almo/ equival5t to ! adv]b ev54 ,an ext5sion ( ?is con/ruction is f\nd 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,haw?orne1--8,x 0 d\btful :e!r ! poor lady _h s mu* z clos$ h] eyes dur+ ! brief night ( midsumm]40 ,! ellipsis c\ld be suppli$ if ! pr$icate 7 _h done s mu* z close1 b z x /&s x mu/ be consid]$ an idiom & left z x is4 ,?is con/ruction has ev5 gone ov] into ! passive voice2 z1 8,p>liam5t is n s mu* z m5tion$ 9 ! :ole in/rum5t40--,web/]4 ,ano!r famili> elliptical con/ruction is f\nd 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,b y ?9k y may z well h ! "r ?+ = y\r money40--,rusk94 ,if "o wi%es he may exp& ?is s5t5ce s t x w read1--8y may h ! "r ?+ = y\r money z well z y may n h x40 ,"h ! entire clause is to be suppli$4 ,sometimes a portion ( x is express$1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1--8,y may z well g z n40 ,a peculi> expression d5ot+ degree1 :i* x seems be/ to give "h al?\gh x foll[s nei!r ?an nor z is f\nd 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,he 0 all b kill$4 ,x seems be/ n to sep>ate all b1 b to consid] ! expression z "o adv]bial modifi] ( ! passive v]b 0 kill$4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,he 0 all b dead1 we may say if we *oose t all is us$ z ! base-^w ( ! adjective complem5t ( 01 & is modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase b dead4 ,h[ev]1 ! s5t5ce does n appeal to u 9 ?is way2 we d n naturally make ! sep>ation betwe5 all on "o side & b dead on ! o!r4 ,/ill less d we make su* a sep>ation :5 ! ^w foll[+ b is a v]b2 z 91 8,we all b won40 ,in/ead ( ?is we keep ! words all b toge!r z if !y 7 "o ^w1 hav+ almo/ ! same mean+ z ! adv]b ne>ly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ellipses 9 ,pr9cipal ,propositions4--#a4 ,! entire subject & "p ( ! pr$icate may be omitt$2 z1 8,a prick 7 ,i gave h] a prick7 & %e pass$ ! mo/ invit+ /able door40--,/ev5son4 ,"h ! abbreviat$ expression accords well ) ! ?\ght4 #b4 ,if "p ( a comp\nd s5t5ce is ! same z :at has already be5 express$1 x is frequ5tly omitt$2 z1 8,! =m] seems to h be5 a loyal & homely s\l2 ! latt] 7seems to h be57 re/less1 imp]i\s1 p5etrat+1 unamiable40--,morley4 #c4 ,9 replies to que/ions1 t "p is (t5 omitt$ :i* c be suppli$ f ! "q2 z1 8#8,:at d y hope8' #8,t long be=e ?is moon has gr[n old1 y w be q /rong aga94'0--,miss ,mulock4 ,! reply is "h a n\n clause1 object ( hope1 :i* ) its subject ,i is to be suppli$4 #d4 ,9 s5t5ces beg9n+ ) ! words no wond]1 ! v]b is & ! anticipative subject x are to be suppli$4 ,! real subject is a n\n clause foll[+ no wond]2 z1 8,no wond] ! pr9cess lov$ him40--,/ockton4 #e4 ,! v]b & ! anticipative subject x are (t5 omitt$ at ! beg9n+ ( s5t5ces introduc$ by no matt]2 z1 8,no matt] j at ?is mom5t1 :at he said40--,holmes4 ,"h ! real subject ( ! pr$icate is no matt] is ! n\n clause :at he said4 #f4 ,"s int]rogative or exclamative s5t5ces beg9 ) ! words :at if4 ,! ^w :at is all t is left ( a pr9cipal proposition1 & if introduces a conditional clause4 ,x may seem be/ sometimes to dispose ( ?is if-clause z a n\n clause us$ z ! real subject ( ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,! pr9cipal proposition may be exp&$ to read1--8,:at does x matt]10 8:at matt] is x10 8:at diff]5ce does x make10 etc42 z1 8,:at 7w\ld ! result be7 if "o ( ! ,himalayas c\ld be clov5 f its topmo/ tile ( ice to its torrid base80--,k+4 #g4 ,a con/ruction simil> to ! la/ is "o 9 :i* ! negative adv]b n takes ! place ( a :ole proposition2 z1 8,n t ,i c\ld see ! boat drift1 = ,i c\ld n1 ! />s be+ all gone by ?is "t40--,s4 ,l4 ,clem5s4 ,we may exp& ?is s5t5ce to read1--8,i d n mean t ,i c\ld see10 or 8,i w\ld n say t ,i c\ld see40 #h4 ,exclamative s5t5ces express+ a wi% (t5 beg9 ) ! v]b w\ld1 :i* is to be tak5 z equival5t to wi% ) ! subject ,i omitt$4 ,w\ld is foll[$ by a n\n clause us$ z its object2 z1 8,w\ld to ,heav5 t we _h a sieve1 t we c\ld s mu* z fancy any k9d ( sieve t w\ld d ?is "w40 #i4 ,! imp]ative let is sometimes omitt$ at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce1 especially be=e ! v]b suffice2 z1 8,suffice x "h to say t ! p 9 all times enjoy$ a fre$om f> above t possess$ by any o!r city ( ,europe40--,besant4 ,ex]cise #db ,exp& ! foll[+ elliptical s5t5ces4 ,analyze !m4 #a4 ,sl[ wavelets c>ess$ ! bl& br[n bea* ) a s\nd z ( kisses & :isp]s4--,he>n4 #b4 ,i am alone2 my bugle /ra9 ,may call "s /raggl] ( ! tra92 ,or1 fall ! wor/ t may betide1 ,ere n[ ?is fal*ion has be5 tri$4--,scott4 #c4 ,! ?+ = !e to d is1 if possible1 to cease to be a holl[-s\nd+ %ell ( he>says & become a fai?ful disc]n+ s\l4--,c>lyle4 #d4 ,ano!r1 8 big bro!r1 ?\gh evid5tly "s ye>s y\ng]1 is sell+ d\ghnuts & bonbons4--,mrs4 ,dodge4 #e4 ,:ile re/+ ?us1 %e became aw>e ( ano!r pres5ce1 & turn+ h] head1 beheld a small boy ) 8 cap 9 "o h& & a hamm] 9 ! o!r4--,m4 ,a4 ,h4 ,cl>ke4 #f4 ,philip1 s f> f hav+ ! lea/ disposition to yield 9 ! matt] ( ! great religi\s p]secution1 0 m det]m9$ z to 8 c\rse ?an ev]4--,motley4 #g4 ,! o!rs1 to d !m ju/ice1 m ?an aton$ = ,dr4 ,?ophile's coldness by _! effusive fri5dl9ess4--,janvi]4 #h4 ,! /rang] attempt$ once or twice to /em ! torr5t ( words1 b 9 va92 s he b[$ 8 head & suff]$ x to fl[ on4--,irv+4 #i4 ,no matt] :e!r or n ,moses 0 gift$ 9 a mo/ extraord9>y degree to write 8 code4--,"l4 #aj4 ,:at if ?\ )draw ,unhe$$ by ! liv+1 & no fri5d ,take note ( ?y dep>ture4--,bryant4 #aa4 ,w\ld ,i 7 9 a wild]ness ( apes1 toss+ cocoanuts ab\t1 gr9n+ & gr9n$ at4--,lamb4 #ab4 ,! c\ntry rose z "o man at 8 refusal4--,j4 ,r4 ,gre54 #ac4 ,mr4 ,simon ,watts1 ?\gh ( extremely limit$ means1 _h "s ambition4--,r4 ,m4 ,john/on4 #ad4 ,nev] d we m ev9ce our arrogant ignorance ?an :5 we boa/ our k4--,ev]ett4 #ae4 ,!y are soon to be mat*$ 9 a long] & m det]m9$ combat ?an ! _w has ev] se54--,motley4 #af4 ,grief ( t sort1 & at t age1 has kill$ m ?an ev] h be5 c\nt$ among/ its m>tyrs4--,de ,qu9cey4 #ag4 ,?is resolution 0 9 ! same words1 :5 orig9ally submitt$ by ,mr4 ,lee1 z :5 f9ally pass$4--,web/]4 #ah4 ,:at matt] if ! ,gov]nor removes y f (fice8 he _c remove y f ! lake2 & if read]s or cu/om]s w n bite1 ! pick]el w4--,higg9son4 #ai4 ,to ,?ompson's cr$it be x record$ he %[$ no t5d5cy to des]t ! cause he _h esp\s$4--,tyndall4 #bj4 ,9 #aghd1 :5 he 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 ,c>lton ,palace 0 giv5 to him1 & furni%$ by ! nation ) z mu* luxury z c\ld be devis$4--,?ack]ay4 #ba4 ,m ?an a ?\s& feet b5ea? u 0 ! ar*+ head ( a wat]fall4--,k+4 #bb4 ,n[ x sank to a murmur1 z ( "o :o consoles & soo!s & promises ?+s to come4--,besant4 #bc4 ,!y built _! cities z if = et]nity4--,fr\de4 #bd4 ,to ,nature !re=e we turn z to ! olde/ & mo/ influ5tial tea*] ( our race4--,mabie4 #bc4 ,8 legs1 ?\gh exce$+ %ort1 7 /urdy 9 proportion to ! weight !y _h to su/a92 s t1 :5 erect1 he _h n a little ! appe>ance ( a robu/i\s be]-b>rel /&+ on skids4--,irv+4 #bf4 ,?is is a /urdy look+ p]sonage ( a good deal m ?an middle age4--,holmes4 #bg4 ,!re seems no end to ! *>m ( _! va/1 smoo?1 all b melan*oly expanses4--,h[ells4 #bh4 ,no wond] t ! ladies look complac5tly at ! glassy ice2 ) a /ove = a foot/ool1 "o might sit easily beside ! ,nor? ,pole4--,mrs4 ,dodge4 #bi4 ,n t my motives 7 n z pure & z patriotic z ev] c>ri$ any man into public (fice4--,clay4 #cj4 ,despis+ e o!r acquirem5t z sup]ficial & useless1 !y came to _! task z to a sport4--,lamb4 #ca4 ,wet or dry1 light or d>k1 ! /\t old ,george 0 always 9 8 place to say am5 to ! *apla94--,?ack]ay4 #cb4 ,"h ! poet caught ! fir/ glimpse ( a great] & fre] life ?an mov$ )9 ! n>r[ horizon ( ! ,norwegian capital4--,boyes54 #cc4 ,sev5 altoge!r2 a delightful numb] = a d9n] p>ty1 suppos+ ! units to be delightful1 b ev]y?+ dep5ds on t4--,george ,eliot4 #cd4 ,ev5 g5ius itself !n feels rebuk$ & subdu$ z 9 ! pres5ce ( high] qualities4--,web/]4 #ce4 ,we ought to be z *e]ful z we c1 if only because to be happy ourselves is a mo/ effective contribution to ! happ9ess ( o!rs4--,sir ,john ,lubbock4 #cf4 ,?is only proves ! pr(undity ( an obs]vation made by ,mr4 ,bagehot--a man :o c>ri$ away into ! next _w m orig9ality ( ?\ght ?an is n[ to be f\nd 9 ! ,?ree ,e/ates ( ! ,realm4--,birrell4 #cg4 ,v5ice lures y 9 a gondola into "o ( h] remote canals1 :]e y glide ?r\gh an av5ue z secret & z /ill z if sea-deep "u our "w-day _w4--,h[ells4 #ch4 ,:at if _! palaces 7 gr&1 & _! villas beautiful1 & _! dresses magnific5t1 & _! furniture co/ly1 if _! lives 7 sp5t 9 ignoble & en]vat+ pleasures1 z is g5]ally admitt$8--,"l4 #ci4 ,antw]p %ook z ) an e>?quake4--,motley4 #dj4 ,8 age1 ?\gh ri* 9 m9or decorative arts1 _h no accompli%$ /atu>y4--,lang4 #da4 ,8 pride nev] appe>$ 9 l(ti] & nobl] =m ?an 9 8 attitude t[>ds ! p at l>ge4--,j4 ,r4 ,gre54 #db4 ,suffice x to say t he receiv$ an (f] ( ! high & responsible /ation ( ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,massa*usetts4--,web/]4 #dc4 ,t "o purpose ( malice fai?fully pursu$ has qu>t]$ "s p ^u our national funds ( homage z by a p]petual annuity4--,de ,qu9cey4 #dd4 ,?\gh n m ?an twice z l>ge z ,new ,engl&1 x pres5t$ e v>iety ( climate4--,prescott4 #de4 ,al?\gh x 0 slipp+ d[n m ?an half a mile ( undi/urb$ dep? x appe>$ to be creep+ at its own w & leisure4--,k+4 #df4 ,he did n seem s mu* desir\s ( provok+ discussion by ! que/ions :i* he ask$1 z ( obta9+ in=mation at any rate4--,lamb4 #dg4 ,w\ld to ,heav5 ,i c\ld p]suade y ( ?is _w-old fact1 ?an :i* ,fate is n sur]1 t ,tru? & ,ju/ice alone are capable ( be+ cons]v$4--,c>lyle4 #dh4 ,b dea? 0 !n sc>cely intelligible to me1 & ,i c\ld n s prop]ly be said to suff] sorr[ z a sad p]plexity4--,de ,qu9cey4 #di4 ,s9k or swim1 live or die1 survive or p]i%1 ,i give my h& & my he>t to ?is vote4--,web/]4 #ej4 ,_! frequ5t ov]fl[ :5 =c$ back ^u _! curr5ts by ! /rong sea1 r5d]$ ! c\ntry almo/ un9habitable4--,motley4 #ea4 ,:at if ?is man ,od9 %\ld h felt t p]haps he 0 div9e8--,c>lyle4 #eb4 ,i d n see my way ?r\gh x z cle>ly z c\ld be wi%$4--,de ,qu9cey4 #ec4 ,woe to ! *ild :o happ5s to be born ) a weak w 9 ,new ,engl&4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #ed4 ,turn :]esoe'er ,i may ,by night or day1 ,! ?+s :i* ,i h se5 ,i n[ c see no m4--,wordswor?4 #ee4 ,at close qu>t]s 8 /rip$ coat is all b z f9e z ! tig]'s1 :ile ! =m & movem5t ( 8 body are 9 e way nobl]4--,drummond4 ,,miscellane\s ,,s5t5ces #a4 ,:o kn[s b ! _w may end to-night8--,br[n+4 #b4 ,! :ite-coat$ s5t9els nev] cease to pace ! ba/ions1 night or day4--,h[ells4 #c4 ,m>cus ,aurelius is immortal1 n s mu* = :at he did z = :at he 04--,"l4 #d4 ,to ! "r lay ! sea1 sometimes at full tide1 sometimes )drawn to ! v horizon2 b he knew x = ! same sea4--,kipl+4 #e4 ,outside h] k5nel1 ! ma/iff old ,lay fa/ asleep1 9 moon%9e cold4--,col]idge4 #f4 ,come to read ! o!r side ( h]1 %e _h a tru/ 9 ,god ,almighty t 0 l ! b[-an*or ( a ?ree-deck]4--,holmes4 #g4 8,:at is a ,caucus-race80 said ,alice2 n t %e mu* want$ to "k1 b ! ,dodo _h paus$ z if x ?\ght t somebody ought to speak1 & no "o else seem$ incl9$ to say any?+4--,lewis ,c>roll4 #h4 ,! ,g5]al 0 on 8 feet z if by ! t\* ( a spr+4--,cable4 #i4 ,x isn't fair to judge a man's promise by "o p]=mance1 & t "o a liv]y /able1 s ,i %all say no?+4--,mrs4 ,wigg94 #aj4 ,f9i%+ a ?+1 do+ x ?or\ghly be=e we beg9 any?+ else1 is v important to our own happ9ess & ! good ( o!rs4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #aa4 ,^u ! bea* lies a piece ( timb]1 "p ( a wreck2 ! wood is torn & ! fibres r5t :]e x 0 batt]$ aga9/ ! dull edge ( ! rocks4--,jeff]ies4 #ab4 ,& !n1 be+ giv5 _m ri* gifts by ! old ,rajah1 he set out to return home4--,old ,deccan ,days4 #ac4 ,!re %\ld f9d a peaceable refuge ! odd volumes ( honor$ sets1 :i* g m\rn+ all _! days = _! lo/ bro!r4--,holmes4 #ad4 ,look backw>d only to correct an error ( conduct = ! next attempt4--,george ,m]$i?4 #ae4 ,e failure tea*es a man some?+1 if he w le>n4--,dick5s4 #af4 ,a man c f9d m reasons = do+ z he wi%es ?an = do+ z he ought4--,rusk94 #ag4 ,mi/ may re/ ^u ! surr\nd+ l&scape1 b our own pa? is visible f h\r to h\r1 f day to day4--,glad/one4 #ah4 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 b ?9k t ! _w w\ld be bett] & bright] if our tea*]s w\ld dwell on ! ,duty ( ,happ9ess z well z on ! ,happ9ess ( ,duty4--,lubbock4 #ai4 ,9 "*1 9 mann]s1 9 /yle1 9 all ?+s1 ! supreme excell5ce is simplicity4--,longfell[4 #bj4 ,"o ?orn ( exp]i5ce is wor? a :ole wild]ness ( w>n+4--,l[ell4 #ba4 ,8 home 0 at ! top ( a h\se ( f\r floors1 ea* ) accommodation = at lea/ two families1 & "h he _h liv$ ) 8 "m s9ce 8 fa!r's dea? six mon?s ago4--,b>rie4 #bb4 ,z usual1 ! k+-bird unit$ ! *>act]s ( brave def5d] & t5d] lov]4--,olive ,t4 ,mill]4 #bc4 ,& ?us ,i came to ! robb]'s highway1 walk+ circumspectly1 scann+ ! skyl9e ( e hill1 & se>*+ ! folds ( e valley1 = any mov+ figure4--,blackmore4 #bd4 ,mi/akes !mselves are (t5 ! be/ tea*]s ( all4--,fr\de4 #be4 ,e position 9 life1 great or small1 c be made z great or z little z we desire to make x4--,dean ,/anley4 #bf4 ,bless$ is he :o has f\nd 8 "w2 let him ask no o!r bless+4--,c>lyle4 #bg4 ,grant$ t swimm+ mu/ be le>n$2 grant$ t ! arts ( ! orator mu/ be le>n$4--,hale4 #bh4 ,!n y c imag9e ! times t he _h ) 8 companions duck+ "u ! roll]s2 or com+ 9 on top ( a comb] & l&+ ) a swa% & a splutt] z ! big wave w5t :irl+ f> up ! bea*4--,kipl+4 #bi4 ,:5 ea* man is true to himself1 !n mu/ all ?+s prosp]4--,sp5c]4 #cj4 ,h[ easy x is to foll[ "o ( ! two lives--! animal or ! intellectual6 h[ difficult to conciliate ! two6--,ham]ton4 #ca4 ,gov]n ! lips ,z !y 7 palace-doors1 ! ,k+ )94 #cb4 ,! way to be satisfi$ ) ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s is to enjoy t /ate ( ?+s4--,bagehot4 #cc4 ,x is lawful to pray ,god t we be n l$ into temptation2 b n lawful to skulk f ^? t come to u4--,/ev5son4 #cd4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t j :5 we 7 ! mo/ afraid to laugh1 we saw ! mo/ comical ?+s to laugh at4--,bee*]4 #ce4 ,x's wis] be+ good ?an bad2 ,x's saf] be+ meek ?an fi]ce2 ,x's fitt] be+ sane ?an mad4 #cf4 ,to be sure1 eyes are n s common z p ?9k1 or poets w\ld be pl5ti]4--,l[ell4 #cg4 ,! actual problem to be solv$ is n :at to tea*1 b h[ to tea*4--,c4 ,w4 ,eliot4 #ch4 ,if x be ! pleasure ( heav5 t my c\ntry %all require ! poor (f]+ ( my life1 ! victim %all be ready at ! appo9t$ h\r ( sacrifice1 come :5 t h\r may4--,web/]4 #ci4 ,! m9i/]s are good talk]s1 only ! /ruggle betwe5 nature & grace makes "s ( 'em a little awkw>d occasionally4--,holmes4 #dj4 ,i hope y\r he>ts w nev] get to be s dry & h>d t !y w n beat responsive to brave & noble de$s1 ev5 if !y are n exactly prud5t4--,mung]4 #da4 ,= mon?s 8 only spl5did possession _h be5 a p5ny despis$ by trade because ( a l>ge r\nd hole 9 x1 z if "s previ\s own] _h cut a f>?+ out ( x4--,b>rie4 #db4 ,bett] to f9i% "o small ent]prise ?an to leave _m l>ge ones half-done4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #dc4 ,b woe to ! man :o is n ready = ! opportunity :5 x comes4--,hale4 #dd4 ,!y 7 assign$ a dwell+ place 9 ! vile/ & unheal?ie/ "p ( ! city4--,h[ells4 #de4 ,= to miss ! joy is to miss all4--,/ev5son4 #df4 ,! reason :y m5 succe$ :o m9d _! own bus9ess is because !re is s little competition4--,craw=d4 #dg4 ,all t is pur*asable 9 ! capitals ( ! _w is n to be weigh$ 9 comp>ison ) ! simple enjoym5t t may be cr[d$ into "o h\r ( sun%9e4--,higg9son4 #dh4 ,h[ ! ,engli% navy came to hold s extraord9>y a position is wor? reflect+ on4--,fr\de4 #di4 ,! mo/ tr\blesome m$dl] 01 z might be expect$1 an ,engli% sp>r[4--,olive ,t4 ,mill]4 #ej4 ,we look be=e & aft] ,& p9e = :at is n2 ,our s9c]e/ laught] ,) "s pa9 is fraught2 ,our sweete/ songs are ^? t tell ( sadde/ ?\ght4 --,%elley4 #ea4 ,b no liv+ p]son is sunk s l[ z n to be imitat$ by somebody4--,wm4 ,james4 #eb4 #8,rob9son ,crusoe' is simply a n>rative ( facts1 ?\gh ! facts did n happ5 to take place4--,/eph54 #ec4 ,:5 ! ,yosemite 0 discov]$1 x 0 suppos$ to be ! only valley ( ! k9d2 b nature is n s poor z to possess only "o ( any?+4--,muir4 #ed4 ,! ha/e to get ri*1 & ! int5se /ruggles ( bus9ess rivalry1 probably de/roy z _m lives 9 ,am]ica e ye> z are lo/ 9 a great battle4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #ee4 ,i mu/ be ,mabel aft] all1 & %all h to g & live 9 t poky little h\se1 & h next to no toys to play )1 & oh6 ev] s _m lessons to le>n4--,lewis ,c>roll4 #ef4 ,z soon z a /rang] is introduc$ into any company1 "o ( ! fir/ que/ions :i* all wi% to h answ]$1 is1 ,h[ does t man get 8 liv+8--,em]son4 #eg4 8,rev5ge may be wick$1 b x's natural10 answ]$ ,miss ,rebecca4--,?ack]ay4 #eh4 ,& 0 n _! exp]i5ce1 :o liv$ 9 remote cab9s1 or w&]$ night aft] night ?r\gh ! lonelie/ woods1 /rong] evid5ce ?an ! cold reason+ ( ^? :o h>dly ev] /irr$ abroad except 9 daylight8--,page4 #ei4 ,8 head 0 a p]fect sph]e1 & ( su* /up5d\s dim5sions1 t ,dame ,nature1 ) all h] sex's +5uity w\ld h be5 puzzl$ to con/ruct a neck capable ( support+ x2 :]e=e %e wisely decl9$ ! attempt1 & settl$ x firmly on ! top ( 8 backbone1 j betwe5 ! %\ld]s4--,irv+4 #fj4 ,once an arti/ has *os5 evil & n good1 8 clay model ceases to be art & becomes only a mass ( mud4--,hillis4 #fa4 ,kill n--= ,pity's sake--& le/ ye slay ,! meane/ ?+ ^u its upw>d way4--,e4 ,arnold4 #fb4 ,!n we are told h[ ,field+ empti$ 8 pockets into ^? ( a poor] fri5d2 & :5 ! tax-ga!r] came1 said1 8,fri5d%ip has call$ = ! money2 let ! collector call aga960--,/eph54 #fc4 ,he visit$ ! ne/ :5 empty2 he manag$ to h frequ5t peeps at ! "y2 & not)/&+ he 0 driv5 (f e "t1 he /ill hung ar\nd1 ) pry+ ways s exasp]at+ t he well des]v$ a ?ra%+1 & ,i wond] he did n get x4--,olive ,t4 ,mill]4 #fd4 ,div9ity lies all ab\t u1 & culture is too hide-b\nd to ev5 suspect ! fact4--,wm4 ,james4 #fe4 ,i he>d a ?\s& bl5d$ notes1 ,:ile 9 a grove ,i sate recl9$1 ,9 t sweet mood :5 pleasant ?\ghts ,br+ sad ?\ghts to ! m9d4--,wordswor?4 #ff4 ,x is ! p :o rule4--,hale4 #fg4 ,y w walk 9 no public ?or\ghf>e or remote/ byway ( ,engli% ,exi/5ce1 b y w meet a man1 an int]e/ ( m51 t has giv5 up hope 9 ! ,ev]la/+ ,true1 & plac$ its hope 9 ! ,tempor>y1 half or :olly ,false4--,c>lyle4 #fh4 ,to sep>ate pa9 f ill-do+ is to fight aga9/ ! con/itution ( ?+s1 & w be foll[$ by f> m pa94--,sp5c]4 #fi4 ,!re 0 a /ory 9 our family1 :i* ,i us$ to he> :5 a boy1 t ,gov]nor ,brooks1 :5 an (fic] 9 ! ,revolution1 receiv$ an ord] f ,g5]al ,wa%+ton to g some:]e1 :5 he 0 ly+ helpless f rheumatism4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #gj4 ,summ] & w9t] came aga9--crocuses & roses2 :y n little ,jane8--,de ,qu9cey4 #ga4 ,e "h & !re1 9 an op5+1 appe>$ ! great gold face ( ! we/4--,/ev5son4 #gb4 ,if ,i 7 writ+ a poem1 y w\ld expect1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 t !re w\ld be a digression n[ & !n4--,holmes4 #gc4 ,"o said1 8,i am ,heal?1 & :om ,i t\* %all nev] "k pa9 nor sickness40--,s*re9]4 #gd4 ,i nev] knew a man to escape failure1 9 ei!r body or m9d1 :o work$ sev5 days 9 ! week4--,peel4 #ge4 ,n[ ?is blu% ( beauty ^u ! *eek )\t repres5ts regul> habits = ! heal? )94--,hillis4 #gf4 ,?us ! sov]eign volunt>y pa? to *e]fulness1 if our spontane\s *e]fulness be lo/1 is to sit up *e]fully1 to look r\nd *e]fully1 & to act & speak z if *e]fulness 7 already !re4--,wm4 ,james4 #gg4 ,en\gh if 9 our he>ts we "k ,!re's su* a place z ,y>r[4--,wordswor?4 #gh4 ,! e>ly :ite settl]s ( ,k5tucky soon became m ?an a mat* = ! ,indians 9 ev]y?+ :]e9 ! ,indian excell$4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #gi4 ,an honorable defeat is bett] ?an a mean victory1 & no "o is really ! worse = be+ beat51 unless he loses he>t4--,lubbock4 #hj4 ,god's influ5ce on ! he>t 0 l ! fl[+ w9d--free1 felt1 & yet my/]i\s4--,geikie4 #ha4 ,ha1 x 0 only la/ week ,i _h a new nozzle put on t umbrella4--,j]rold4 #hb4 ,we d\bt :e!r !re is 9 ,engli% lit]ature a m triumphant book ?an ,boswell's4--,birrell4 #hc4 ,!y w\ld n eat except f (f "o plate4--,old ,deccan ,days4 #hd4 ,sci5ce has no?+ to d ) ,*ri/1 except 9 s f> z ! habit ( sci5tific rese>* makes a man cauti\s 9 admitt+ evid5ce4--,d>w94 #he4 ,?9k ( be+ mov$ religi\sly by look+ at a p9nacle or bluff f ?\s& feet high1 & !n ?9k :at ! e>? conta9s :i* might move u4--,k+4 #hf4 ,x 0 ,baghe]a1 ! ,black ,pan!r1 inky black all ov]1 b ) ! pan!r m>k+s %[+ up 9 c]ta9 lights l ! patt]n ( wat]$ silk4--,kipl+4 #hg4 ,x is n desirable to g out ( "o's way to be orig9al2 b x is to be hop$ t x may lie 9 "o's way4--,higg9son4 #hh4 ,if m5 are to wait = lib]ty till !y become wise & good 9 slav]y1 !y may inde$ wait =ev]4--,macaulay4 #hi4 ,i "k few ,*ri/ians s conv9c$ ( ! spl5dor ( ! rooms 9 _! ,fa!r's h\se z to be happi] :5 _! fri5ds are call$ to ^? mansions ?an !y w\ld h be5 if ! ,que5 _h s5t = !m to live at c\rt2 nor has ! ,*ur*'s mo/ ard5t 8desire to dep>t & be ) ,*ri/0 ev] cur$ x ( ! s+ul> habit ( putt+ on m\rn+ = e p]son summon$ to su* dep>ture4--,rusk94 #ij4 ,!n to side ) ,tru? is noble :5 we %>e h] wret*$ cru/1 ,ere h] cause br+ fame & pr(it1 & 'tis prosp]\s to be j4--,l[ell4 #ia4 ,! v ^w 8education0 is a /&+ prote/ aga9/ dogmatic tea*+4--,c4 ,w4 ,eliot4 #ib4 ,he is z noiseless 9 a room z any ( u wom52 &1 m ?an t1 ) all 8 look ( unmi/akable m5tal firmness & p[]1 he is z n]v\sly s5sitive z ! weake/ ( u4--,coll9s4 #ic4 ,9 a ^w1 z ,alphonse ,k>r puts x1 ! m we *ange1 ! m we rema9 ! same4--,besant4 #id4 ,m>%y gr\nd cov]$ _! "r2 on ! left1 ! mo/ expos$ "p ( ! position1 ! hus-c>les or body-gu>d ( ,h>old1 m5 9 full armor & wield+ huge axes1 7 gr\p$ r\nd ! ,gold5 ,dragon ( ,wessex & ! ,/&>d ( ! ,k+4--,j4 ,r4 ,gre54 #ie4 ,i 0 />tl$ at he>+ h] address by ! famili> "n ( ,b5jam9 ! "y physician ,i h ref]r$ to1 until ,i f\nd on enquiry1 :at ,i might h guess$ by ! size ( 8 slices ( pie & o!r little m>ks ( favoritism1 t he 0 h] son4--,holmes4 #if4 ,x is :5 to-morr['s burd5 is add$ to ! burd5 ( to-day1 t ! weight is m ?an a man c be>4--,mac,donald4 #ig4 ,he griev$ to give up 8 dog & gun2 he dread$ to meet 8 wife2 b x w\ld n d to />ve among ! m\nta9s4--,irv+4 #ih4 ,to "k :at y pref] in/ead ( humbly say+ ,am5 to :at ! _w tells y y ought to pref]1 is to h kept y\r s\l alive4--,/ev5son4 #ii4 ,7 half ! p[] t fills ! _w ) t]ror1 ,7 half ! weal?1 be/[$ on camps & c\rts1 ,giv5 to r$eem ! human m9d f error1 ,!re 7 no ne$ ( ars5als & =ts4--,longfell[4 #ajj4 ,mod]n imag9ative lit]ature has become s self-consci\s1 & !re=e s melan*oly1 t ,art1 :i* %\ld be 8! _w's sweet inn10 :i!r we repair = refre%m5t & repose1 has become r a wat]+ place1 :]e "o's own private t\* ( ! liv]-compla9t is exasp]at$ by ! afflu5ce ( o!r suff]]s ^: talk is a n>rative ( morbid symptoms4--,l[ell4 #aja4 ,! f>m] 0 twi/+ a halt] to d :at he ?reat5$1 :5 ! fox1 ^: tongue _h help$ him 9 h>d p9*es be=e1 ?\ght !re c\ld be no h>m 9 try+ :e!r x might n d him "o m good turn4--,fr\de4 #ajb4 ,if ! y\? decides to consume all 8 "t & /r5g? 9 mak+ 8 arms big & 8 legs brawny1 he ends 8 c>e] a physical giant1 inde$1 b also an intellectual pigmy4--,hillis4 #ajc4 ,exp]i5c$ soldi]s tell u t at fir/ m5 are sick5$ by ! smell & newness ( blood1 almo/ to dea? & fa9t+2 b t z soon z !y h>d5 _! he>ts & /iff5 _! m9ds1 z soon z !y w be> x1 !n comes an appetite = slaught]4--,bagehot4 #ajd4 ,take away f u :at ! ,greeks h giv52 & ,i h>dly c imag9e h[ l[ ! mod]n ,european w\ld /&4--,rusk94 #aje4 ,& no voice b 0 prais+ ?is ,rol& ( m9e1 ,z ,i p\r$ d[n 8 ?roat our la/ measure ( w9e1 ,:i* 7! burgesses vot$ by common cons5t7 ,0 no m ?an 8 due :o br\ght good news f ,gh5t4 --,br[n+4 #ajf4 ,?\gh ! ,fr5* sail$ out aga91 romance rema9$ beh9d to dwell =ev] 9 ,port ,royal's placid bas94--,bolles4 #ajg4 ,!re is a "t 9 e man's education :5 he arrives at ! conviction t envy is ignorance1 t imitation is suicide4--,em]son4 #ajh4 ,n[ to ,baloo's ^w ,i w add "o bull1 & a fat "o1 newly kill$1 n half a mile f "h1 if ye w accept ! man's cub accord+ to ! ,law4--,kipl+4 #aji4 ,i believe x is by p]sons believ+ !mselves 9 ! "r t n9e-t5?s ( ! tyranny ( ?is _w has be5 p]petrat$4--,?ack]ay4 #aaj4 ,x is a j & a feel+ rem>k ( ,dr4 ,johnson's t we nev] d any?+ consci\sly = ! la/ "t )\t sadness ( he>t4--,de ,qu9cey4 #aaa4 ,i d n believe x is possible to describe or pa9t ! diff]5ce betwe5 savage & civiliz$ man4--,d>w94 #aab4 ,x's no matt] :at y say :5 y talk to y\rself1 b :5 y talk to o!r p1 y\r bus9ess is to use words ) ref]5ce to ! way 9 :i* ^? o!r p are l to und]/& !m4--,holmes4 #aac4 ,mammon is n a god at all2 b a devil1 & ev5 a v despicable devil4--,c>lyle4 #aad4 ,! %ip-build] :o built ! p9nace ( ,columbus has z mu* claim to ! discov]y ( ,am]ica z he :o sugge/s a ?\ght by :i* "s o!r man op5s new worlds to u has to a %>e 9 t a*ievem5t by him unconceiv$ & inconceivable4--,l[ell4 #aae4 ,:]e1 twi/$ r\nd ! b>r5 oak1 ,! summ] v9e 9 beauty clung1 ,& summ] w9ds ! /illness broke1 ,! cry/al icicle is hung4--,longfell[4 #aaf4 ,:il/ ,johnson 0 prem95tly a reasonable man1 reasonable 9 all 8 dem&s & expectations1 ,c>lyle 0 ! mo/ unreasonable mortal t ev] exhau/$ ! pati5ce ( nurse1 "m1 or wife4--,birrell4 #aag4 ,t h\se 0 built on purpose to %[ 9 :at an exce$+ small compass com=t may be pack$4--,mit=d4 #aah4 ,b ! life :i* is to endure gr[s sl[ly2 & z ! soil mu/ be prep>$ be=e ! :eat c be s[n1 s be=e ! k+dom ( heav5 c\ld ?r[ up its %oots !re 0 ne$$ a k+dom ( ?is _w :]e ! nations 7 nei!r torn 9 pieces by viol5ce1 nor 7 ru%+ aft] false ideals & spuri\s ambitions4--,fronde4 #aai4 ,words af=d a m delici\s music ?an ! *ords ( any in/rum5t2 !y are susceptible ( ri*] colors ?an any pa9t]'s palette2 & t !y %\ld be us$ m]ely = ! transportation ( intellig5ce1 z a :eelb>r[ c>ries brick1 is n en\gh4--,higg9son4 #abj4 ,x always seems to be ra9+ h>d] ?an x really is :5 y look at ! wea!r ?r\gh ! w9d[4--,lubbock4 #aba4 ,sleep & dreams exi/ on ?is condition--t no "o wake ! dream]4--,s*re9]4 #abb4 ,x is only :5 y /ick x 9 ! silv] c&le/ick & introduce x into ! draw+-room1 t a tall[-dip seems plebeian1 dim1 & ineffectual4--,george ,eliot4 #abc4 ,! cr[ boa/s f ! mom5t 8 l\d voice fir/ comes back to 8 e>s f ! e*o+ hillside1 he /eals f ! "t he sees ! corn blades />t f ! furr[4--,bolles4 #abd4 ,a man :o has le>n$ to d any?+ well enjoys do+ x4 ,?is is ! lure :i* wise ,nature uses to lead u to f9i% our "w4--,j4 ,f4 ,cl>ke4 #abe4 ,a great ,bo/onian1 :om ,i rememb] to h he>d speculate on ! sup]iority ( a /ate ( civilization 9 :i* y c\ld buy two c5ts' wor? ( beef to "o 9 :i* s small a quantity 0 unpur*asable1 w\ld f9d ! sy/em p]fect$ 9 ,v5ice1 :]e y c buy half a c5t's wor?4--,h[ells4 #abf4 ,at ! foot ( ^! fairy m\nta9s1 ! voyag] may h descri$ ! light smoke curl+ up f a village1 ^: %+le-ro(s gleam among ! trees1 j :]e ! blue t9ts ( ! upl& melt away into ! fre% gre5 ( ! ne>] l&scape4--,irv+4 #abg4 ,x is easy to sug> to be sweet & to nitre to be salt4--,em]son4 #abh4 ,ev5 ,baloo1 half smo!r$ "u ! monkeys on ! edge ( ! t]race1 c\ld n help *uckl+ z he he>d ! big ,black ,pan!r ask+ = help4--,kipl+4 #abi4 ,ev5 ,%akespe>e1 :o seems to come 9 aft] ev]ybody has done 8 be/ ) a 8,let me take hold a m9ute & %[ y h[ to d x10 c\ld n h bett]$ ?is 7a l9e ( ,*auc]'s74--,l[ell4 #acj4 ,:5 ,i _h ! pleasure ( /ay+ at y\r fa!r's h\se1 y told me1 r to my surprise1 t x 0 impossible = y to g to balls & d9n]-p>ties because y did n possess su* a ?+ z a dress coat4--,ham]ton4 #aca4 ,if1 9 ! future1 an age ( g5]al well-be+ is to arrive1 its *ildr5 w turn1 z all m5 :o h ! opportunity mu/1 to :at is be/ 9 human art1 to ! lit]ature ( ,greece4--,lang4 #acb4 ,i fe> y w laugh :5 ,i tell y :at ,i conceive to be ab\t ! mo/ ess5tial m5tal quality = a free p1 ^: lib]ty is to be progressive1 p]man5t1 & on a l>ge scale2 x is mu* /upidity4--,bagehot4 #acc4 ,look b5ea? ! surface any:]e & y c f9d ugly ?+s en\gh1 especially if y h a ta/e = ! revolt+4--,/eph54 #acd4 ,tug z he w\ld at ! old man's wri/s1 ! hangman c\ld n =ce him to uncl9* 8 h&s4--,dick5s4 #ace4 ,8 dislike ( books 0 in/9ctive1 he>ty1 & uncompromis+4--,boyes54 #acf4 ,x ceas$2 yet /ill ! sails made on ,a pleasant noise till noon1 ,a noise l ( a hidd5 brook ,9 ! leafy mon? ( ,june1 ,t to ! sleep+ woods all night ,s+e? a quiet tune4--,col]idge4 #acg4 ,toil--toil1 ei!r ( ! bra91 ( ! he>t1 or ( ! h&--is ! only true manhood1 ! only true nobility4--,orville ,dewey4 #ach4 ,he _h 8 eye all b exclusively direct$ on t]re/rial matt]s4--,c>lyle4 #aci4 ,& !n1 aga91 "s ( our old beliefs are dy+ out e ye>1 & o!rs fe$ on !m & gr[ fat1 or get poison$1 z ! case may be4--,holmes4 #adj4 ,old ,mat!w ,maule1 9 a ^w1 0 execut$ = ! crime ( wit*craft4--,haw?orne4 #ada4 ,our lodg+-places mu/ be ! simple homes ( ,gaelic-speak+ ,presbyt]ians1 9 ^: eyes we %\ld be =eign]s1 n to say hea!n4--,bolles4 #adb4 ,dr4 ,bu%by is said to h kept 8 hat on 9 ! pres5ce ( ,k+ ,*>les1 t ! boys might see :at a great man he 04--,lubbock4 #adc4 ,look /rictly into ! nature ( ! p[] ( y\r ,goddess ( ,gett+-on2 & y w f9d %e is ! goddess--n ( ev]ybody's gett+ on--b only ( somebody's gett+ on4--,rusk94 #add4 ,n[1 ,tabaqui knew z well z any "o else t !re is no?+ s unlucky z to complim5t *ildr5 to _! faces4--,kipl+4 #ade4 ,! capacity ( indignation makes an ess5tial "p ( ! outfit ( e hone/ man1 b ,i am incl9$ to d\bt :e!r he is a wise "o :o all[s himself to act ^u its fir/ h9ts4--,l[ell4 #adf4 ,we honor ! ri*1 because !y h ext]nally ! fre$om1 p[]1 & grace :i* we feel to be prop] to man1 prop] to u4--,em]son4 #adg4 ,orig9ality is simply a fre% pair ( eyes4--,higg9son4 #adh4 ,9 a ^w1 ,rip 0 ready to att5d to anybody's bus9ess b 8 own4--,irv+4 #adi4 ,!re are m fools & few] hypocrites ?an ! wise _w dreams (4--,s*re9]4 #aej4 ,x has be5 well said t an ,engli%man is nev] happy b :5 he is mis]able2 t a ,scot*man is nev] at home b :5 he is abroad2 t an ,iri%man is nev] at peace b :5 he is at w>4--,walk]4 ,,index ,a1 modify+ a pronom9al adjective1 #aid4 ,ab\t1 modify+ an inf9itive1 #abe1 note4 ,absolute phrase1 #acd2 )\t a p>ticiple1 #ace2 aft] ) or )\t1 #ace2 conta9+ a prepositional phrase1 #aeb2 /]eotyp$1 #aig4 ,accord+ z1 introduc+ a clause ( degree1 #ij4 ,accord+ to1 a preposition1 #aed4 ,adv]bs1 modify+ prepositional phrases1 #aef1 #aid2 modify+ n\ns1 #aie2 us$ indep5d5tly1 #bjb2 z s5t5ce modifi]s1 #bji4 ,adv]bial n\n1 function (1 #ahi2 modify+ a prepositional phrase1 #aef1 #aij2 an adjective1 #aij2 an adv]b1 #aij2 a clause1 #aij4 ,ago1 modifi$ by an adv]bial n\n1 #aia4 ,all b1 #bba4 ,all ! quick]1 #aic4 ,analysis1 me?od (1 #ch1 #ea1 #ff4 ,&1 introduc+ a s5t5ce1 #ajf4 ,anticipative subject1 !re1 #di2 x1 #dd4 ,appositive1 a n\n clause1 #dg2 function (1 #afa2 ) base-^w a n\n1 #afb2 an adjective1 #afc2 a pron\n1 #afc2 a pronom9al adjective1 #afc2 a p>ticiple1 #afc2 an inf9itive1 #aad2 a g]und1 #ada2 :at x modifies1 #afd2 introductory ^w1 #afd2 case & numb] ( appositive n\n1 #afe2 position ( appositive phrase1 #aff4 ,z1 introduc+ an appositive1 #afe2 a relative pron\n1 #cb2 a subjective complem5t1 #agh2 an objective complem5t1 #aha2 a proposition us$ indep5d5tly1 #bjd2 a phrase or clause modify+ a s5t5ce1 #baj4 ,z =1 introduc+ an indep5d5t n\n1 #bjb4 ,z if1 z ?\gh1 introduc+ a modal clause1 #fd4 ,ask1 foll[$ by two direct objects1 #agb4 ,z long z1 z soon z1 introduc+ a clause ( "t1 #ef4 ,z to1 a preposition1 #aed2 introduc+ an indep5d5t n\n1 #bjb4 ,z well z1 a cord9at+ conjunction1 #ajf4 ,at a loss1 #abd4 ,at ! be/1 #aic4 ,at _! wits' end1 #abe4 ,be1 mean+ g1 #abc1 note4 ,by & by1 #aif4 ,b1 a relative pron\n1 #cb2 introduc+ a n\n clause1 #de2 a clause ( result1 #ge2 a s5t5ce1 #ajg2 us$ adjectively1 #aie4 ,c b1 _c b1 #abe1 note4 ,clauses1-- ,adjective1 function (1 #bh2 classification1 #bi2 re/rictive1 #cj2 unre/rictive1 #cj2 introductory ^w1 #cj2 :at !y modify1 #cc2 position (1 #ce2 introduc$ by subord9at+ conjunction t1 #cc2 modify+ x1 #cd2 modify+ a proposition1 #cd4 ,adv]bial1 modify+ n\ns1 #aie2 ( "t1 #ec2 introductory ^w1 #ed2 :at x modifies1 #ef2 ( place1 function (1 #ei2 peculi>ities1 #fj2 introductory ^w1 #fj2 ( mann]1 function (1 #fb2 introductory ^w1 #fc2 position (1 #fd2 ( cause1 function (1 #fh2 :at x d5otes1 #fi2 connective1 #gj2 :at x modifies1 #gj2 position (1 #ga2 reason clause us$ indep5d5tly1 #bje2 ( purpose1 #gc2 connective1 #gc2 ( result1 #gd2 ( condition1 #gh2 :at x modifies1 #hj2 introductory ^w1 #hj2 ( concession1 #hb2 introductory ^w1 #hc2 ( degree or comp>ison1 #hg2 classification1 #hh4 ,sub/antive1 #db2 function (1 #db2 uses1 subject1 #dc2 object ( v]b1 #dd2 objective complem5t1 #de2 object ( preposition1 #de2 appositive1 #dg2 subjective complem5t1 #dg2 aft] a preposition und]/ood1 #dg2 introductory ^w1 #dg4 ,comp\nd s5t5ces1 #ah1 #ig2 memb]s ( 9 same l9e ( ?\ght1 #ig2 "o imp]ative1 "o decl>ative1 #ih2 9 contra/1 #ih2 9 alt]nation1 #ii2 second memb] a consequ5ce1 #ii2 an inf]5ce1 #ajj2 an explanation1 #ajj2 omission ( conjunction 91 #aja2 numb] ( memb]s 91 #aja4 ,conjunctions1 cord9at+1 jo9+ dissimil> elem5ts1 #ajf2 subord9at+1 introduc+ p>ticipial phrases1 #acb4 ,conjunctive adv]bs1 introduc+ adjective clauses1 #ce2 n\n clauses1 #dh2 p>ticipial phrases1 #aca4 ,correlatives1 #ajh2 :e!r--or1 #dh1 #hc1 #afe2 :5--!n1 #ee2 :]e--!re1 #fj2 z--s1 #fc2 s--t1 #gd2 ?\gh--yet1 #he2 ei!r--or1 #ii1 #ajh2 by z mu*--by s mu*1 #ij2 nei!r--nor1 #ajh2 bo?--&1 #ajh2 n only--b1 #ajh2 s--z1 #aba4 ,day by day1 #aif4 ,ellipses1 cause (1 #bad2 9 adjective clauses1 #bae2 9 adv]bial clauses ( "t1 #bae2 ( mann]1 #baf2 ( condition1 #baf2 ( concession1 #bag2 ( degree1 introduc$ by ?an1 #bah2 by z1 #bbj2 result+ 9 a p>ticipial phrase1 #bah2 9 indep5d5t propositions1 #bbb2 9 comp\nd s5t5ces1 #bbb2 9 answ]s to que/ions1 #bbb4 ,ev51 modify+ a prepositional phrase1 #aef4 ,exclamative s5t5ces1 #bf2 us$ indep5d5tly1 #bjd2 introduc$ by w\ld1 #bbc4 ,f> f1 introduc+ a s5t5ce modifi]1 #baa4 ,=1 z cord9at+ conjunction1 #ajj2 introduc+ an objective complem5t1 #aha2 an indep5d5t elem5t1 #bje4 ,g]und1 nature1 #aci2 =ms1 #aci2 uses1 subject1 #adj2 object1 #adj2 objective complem5t1 #ada2 subjective complem5t1 #ada2 appositive1 #ada2 object ( preposition1 #ada2 adv]bial n\n1 #ada2 adjective1 #ada2 peculi> con/ructions1 #ada4 ,g1 foll[$ by an inf9itive1 #abc4 ,good & /rong1 an idiom1 #aia1 note4 ,_h r1 #aag1 note4 ,h1 foll[$ by an inf9itive1 #aag4 ,if1 introduc+ clause ( concession1 #hd4 ,imp]ative s5t5ces1 #be2 us$ indep5d5tly1 #bjd4 ,indep5d5t elem5ts1 n\n ( address1 #bja2 pleona/ic n\n1 #bjb2 adv]b1 #bjb2 int]jection1 #bjb2 prepositional phrase1 #bjc2 imp]ative s5t5ce1 #bjd2 exclamative s5t5ce1 #bjd2 clause ( reason1 #bje4 ,indirect object1 function (1 #ahf2 position (1 #ahf2 becom+ subject ( passive v]b1 #ahg2 aft] c]ta9 v]bs1 #ahh4 ,inf9itives1 nature (1 #aab2 =ms1 #aac2 uses1 adjective1 #aad2 appositive1 #aad2 subject1 #aad2 aft] anticipative subject1 x1 #aaf2 object ( v]b1 #aaf2 "p ( d\ble object ( v]b1 #aag2 ( preposition =1 #abe2 subjective complem5t1 #abj2 adv]bial modifi]1 ( v]b1 #aba2 ( adjective or adv]b1 #abc2 object ( preposition1 #abe2 indep5d5t1 #abe2 sign to omitt$1 #aag4 ,9 o!r words1 introduc+ an appositive1 #afe4 ,9 proportion z1 introduc+ clause ( degree1 #ij4 ,in/ead (1 a preposition1 #aed4 ,int]jection1 #bjb4 ,x1 modifi$ by an adjective clause1 #cd2 us$ z anticipative subject be=e a n\n clause1 #dc2 be=e an inf9itive1 #aaf4 ,j ! same1 #aid4 ,let1 introduc+ clause ( condition1 #hj4 ,l1 is x a preposition8 #aed4 ,make believe1 foll[$ by object1 #agc4 ,make free1 foll[$ by an inf9itive1 #ahb4 ,make up y\r m9d1 foll[$ by an object1 #agc4 ,m9e1 z subjective complem5t1 #agf4 ,namely1 introduc+ an appositive1 #afd4 ,ne>1 next1 next door1 #aee4 ,nev]!less1 cord9at+ conjunction1 #ii4 ,night ?r\gh1 !1 #aeg4 ,no less ?an1 a cord9at+ conjunction1 #ajg4 ,no matt]1 introduc+ clause ( concession1 #hc2 rema9+ aft] an ellipsis1 #bbb4 ,no wond]1 #bbb4 ,none ! less1 #aic4 ,none ! worse1 #aic4 ,n1 z an abridgm5t ( a proposition1 #bbc4 ,not)/&+1 introduc+ clause ( concession1 #hd4 ,n[ t1 introduc+ clause ( "t1 #ef4 ,object1 direct1 a n\n clause1 #dc2 nature (1 #afi2 cognate1 #agb2 reflexive1 #agc2 ( preposition1 #aea2 a n\n clause1 #de4 ,objective complem5t1 function (1 #agi2 a n\n clause1 #dd2 g]und1 #ada2 p>ticiple1 #ahb1 note2 aft] c]ta9 v]bs1 #aha2 introduc$ by z or =1 #aha2 position (1 #ahb4 ,(f h&1 #aif4 ,only1 a cord9at+ conjunction1 #ii4 ,"o beh9d ! o!r1 #aig4 ,or1 introduc+ an appositive1 #afe4 ,ought1 foll[$ by an inf9itive1 #aag4 ,out (1 a preposition1 #aed4 ,ow+ to1 a preposition1 #aed4 ,p>ticiples1 introduc+ clause ( condition1 #hj2 nature (1 #abi2 =ms1 #acj2 seem+ passive1 #acj1 note2 uses1 m]e adjective1 #aca2 sub/antive1 #aca2 in/ead ( adjective clause1 #aca2 ( adv]bial clause1 #acb2 9 absolute phrase1 #acd2 accompany+ a v]b1 #ace2 "p ( d\ble object1 #acf2 adv]bial1 #acf2 indep5d5t1 #acf2 9 peculi> con/ructions1 #adb2 z prepositions1 #aed2 z base ( objective complem5t1 #ahb1 note2 rema9+ aft] an ellipsis 9 a clause1 #bag4 ,p>tly1 modify+ prepositional phrase1 #aef4 ,prepositions1 omitt$ be=e n\n clause1 #df2 two 9 succession1 #aea2 z "p ( v]b phrase1 #aec2 comp\nd1 #aed2 modifi$ by adv]bs1 #aeg2 position (1 #aeg4 ,prepositional phrases1 function (1 #adf2 us$ adjectively1 modify+ n\ns1 #adh2 complet+ intransitive v]bs1 #aej2 n\n complem5t1 #aej1 note2 adv]bial modifi]1 ( v]b1 #aej2 ( adjective1 #aea2 modify+ alas1 #aea1 note2 object ( preposition1 #aec2 "p ( absolute phrase1 #aeb2 ) adv]b or adjective = object1 #aed2 modifi$1 by a n\n1 #aef2 by an adv]b1 #aef1 #aic2 us$ indep5d5tly1 #bjc2 z s5t5ce modifi]s1 #bji4 ,propositions1 con/itu5t p>ts (1 #g2 classification1 #aa2 pr9cipal or indep5d5t1 #ab2 te/s =1 #ac2 subord9ate or dep5d5t1 #ab2 function (1 #ad2 indep5d5t1 #bjd4 ,provid$1 provid+1 introduc+ clauses ( condition1 #hj4 ,q ! contr>y1 #aic4 ,relative pron\ns1 introduc+ adjective clauses1 #ca2 z & b1 #cb2 position 9 clause1 #ce2 omission ( antec$5t1 #ce2 introduc+ n\n clauses1 #dg4 ,say1 introduc+ clause ( condition1 #hj4 ,see fit1 foll[$ by an inf9itive1 #ahb4 ,s5t5ces1 classification1 accord+ to /ructure1 #ah2 accord+ to =m1 #bc2 difficult to classify1 #ai2 simple1 #ah2 complex1 #ah2 comp\nd1 #ai2 complex-comp\nd1 #ai2 p>tially-comp\nd1 #bj2 decl>ative1 #bc2 int]rogative1 #bc2 imp]ative1 #be2 exclamative1 #bf4 ,s5t5ce modifi]s1 adv]bs1 #bji2 prepositional phrases1 #baj2 phrases introduc$ by z1 #baj2 clauses introduc$ by z1 #baa4 ,side by side1 #aig4 ,s1 z subjective complem5t1 #agg4 ,s f> z1 introduc+ clauses ( degree1 #ia4 ,/ill1 z cord9at+ conjunction1 #ii4 ,subjective complem5t1 function (1 #age2 a n\n clause1 #dg2 an inf9itive1 #aai2 a p>ticiple1 #acj1 note2 a g]und1 #ada2 a prepositional phrase1 #agf2 aft] c]ta9 v]bs1 #agg2 introduc$ by z or =1 #agh4 ,su*1 modifi$ by an z-clause1 #cb4 ,suffice1 introduc+ a s5t5ce1 #bbc4 ,suppose1 suppos+1 introduc+ clauses ( condition1 #hj4 ,tea*1 foll[$ by two direct objects1 #agb4 ,tell1 foll[$ by n\n & inf9itive1 #aai4 ,?an1 jo9+ cord9ate elem5ts1 #ajg2 introduc+ inf9itives1 #abd4 ,?anks to y1 #bjd4 ,t1 subord9at+ conjunction introduc+ adjective clauses1 #cc4 ,t is1 introduc+ an appositive1 #afe4 ,t is to say1 #abb4 ,!1 modify+ an adjective or adv]b1 #aic4 ,?9k be/1 foll[$ by an inf9itive1 #ahb4 ,?\gh1 jo9+ cord9ate elem5ts1 #ajg4 ,"t out ( m9d1 #aig4 ,to wit introduc+ an appositive1 #afe4 ,transitive v]bs1 nature (1 #agj4 made s by addition ( adv]b or preposition1 #agb4 ,upside d[n1 #aig4 ,us$1 foll[$ by an inf9itive1 #abc4 ,:at1 reta9$ 9 inf9itive phrases1 #aaf2 modify+ prepositional phrases1 #aef4 ,:at if1 #bbb4 ,:i*1 reta9$ 9 inf9itive phrases1 #aaf4 ,:ile1 introduc+ clauses ( concession1 #hd2 z cord9at+ conjunction1 #ih1 #ii4 ,)1 )\t1 foll[$ by an absolute phrase1 #ace4 ,_w ov]1 !1 #aeg4 ,wor?1 foll[$ by a g]und1 #ada2 by a n\n1 #aij4 ,w\ld1 introduc+ exclamative s5t5ces1 #bbc4 ,wrong side out1 #aig4 ,ye> r\nd1 !1 #aeg4 ,,adv]tisem5ts ,,g>n]',s ,,gov]nm5t ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,by ,,james ,w4 ,,g>n]1 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,sci5ce1 ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois ,) ,special ,/ate ,editions ,m]its ! special consid]ation ( tea*]s 9 second>y s*ools because 9 ! fir/ place x includes ! mo/ rec5t gov]nm5tal problems ( int]e/ & importance1 & 9 ! second x devotes an unusual am\nt ( space to a practical acc\nt ( ! work+s ( our gov]nm5t4 ,! treatm5t1 :i* is simple & int]e/+1 proce$s f ! simple to ! mo/ complex1 pres5t+ 9 turn ! local1 /ate1 & national =ms ( gov]nm5t4 ,! book %[s h[ our gov]nm5tal sy/em has be5 affect$ by ! direct prim>y movem5ts1 ! initiative & ref]5dum1 ! commission =m ( municipal gov]nm5t1 & new legislation reg>d+ publicity ( campaign exp5diture & corrupt practices at elections4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! _s & actual work+s ( our gov]nm5t t are emphasiz$1 r ?an its m]e me*anism1 ?us add+ to ! int]e/ ( ! /ud5t z well z to ! value ( ! /udy4 ,! book is up to date 9 e respect4 ,/ati/ics us$ are f ! late/ c5sus4 ,x describes ! mo/ rec5t *anges 9 ! organization & activities ( ! national1 /ate1 & municipal gov]nm5ts4 ,= example x deals ) ! rec5t reorganization ( ! f$]al c\rts1 ! e/abli%m5t ( po/al sav+s banks1 ! p>cels po/ "q1 ! "q ( second class po/al rates1 prim>y elections1 ! new f$]al corporation tax1 & ! income tax am5dm5t4 ,unusual att5tion is devot$ to ! important subject ( citiz5%ip1 & to /ate & local gov]nm5ts4 ,wid] read+ among /ud5ts is enc\rag$ by ! frequ5t li/s ( ref]5ces to collat]al read+1 ! docum5t>y or s\rce mat]ials1 ! num]\s se>* que/ions1 etc4 ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,outl9es ,,( ,,anci5t ,,hi/ory ,by ,,william ,c4 ,,morey1 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory & ,political ,sci5ce1 ,univ]sity ( ,ro*e/] ,?is c\rse 9 anci5t hi/ory1 f ! e>lie/ times to ,*>lemagne1 meets fully ! requirem5ts ( ! ,college ,entrance ,exam9ation ,bo>d1 & ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,education ,dep>tm5t4 ,! same vital features :i* h made ! au?or's ,greek ,hi/ory & ,roman ,hi/ory s successful1 h be5 reta9$ 9 ?is book4 ,! same topical me?od ( treatm5t1 ! same arrangem5t by p>agraphs1 ! same simple1 direct /yle1 & ! same cle> & graphic pres5tation1 are among its *ief *>act]i/ics4 ,! book indicates ! hi/orical relations ( ! v>i\s c\ntries to "o ano!r1 & ! contributions :i* ea* has made to ! progress ( mank9d4 ,?r\gh\t ! au?or has aim$ to develop 9 ! pupil's m9d a sci5tific _s1 by emphasiz+ ! cont9uity ( hi/ory1 & by mak+ cle> ! relation ( special facts to g5]al movem5ts1 ! relation ( ^! g5]al movem5ts to ! gr[? ( ! national "* & in/itutions1 & ! relation ( ea* nation's c>e] to ! g5]al progress ( mank9d4 ,! usual division ( anci5t hi/ory into ,ori5tal1 ,greek1 & ,roman has be5 foll[$1 & great c>e has be5 tak5 9 ea* case to lay emphasis on ^? p>ticul> features :i* h di/+ui%$ "o nation f ano!r1 & :i* h giv5 x ! peculi> place x holds 9 hi/ory4 ,! important relation ( geography to hi/ory has con/antly be5 kept 9 view4 ,m ?an tw5ty progressive maps are giv5 to %[ ! successive *anges :i* took place 9 ! developm5t & decl9e ( ! diff]5t nations4 ,ea* *apt] is foll[$ by a synopsis = review1 :ile at ! end ( ! book !re is a li/ ( ref]5ces = read+4 ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,new ,,m$ieval ,,& ,,mod]n ,,hi/ory ,f ,*>lemagne to ! ,pres5t ,day ,by ,,samuel ,,banni/] ,,h>d+1 ,ph4 ,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,european ,hi/ory1 ,indiana ,univ]sity4 ,bas$ ^u ! au?or's 8,ess5tials 9 ,m$iaeval & ,mod]n ,hi/ory10 prep>$ 9 consultation ) ,,alb]t ,,bu%nell ,,h>t1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,:ile bas$ on ! au?or's previ\s ,ess5tials 9 ,m$iaeval & ,mod]n ,hi/ory1 9 ! pres5t volume ! plan has be5 s reorganiz$1 ! scope s ext5d$1 & ! matt] s l>gely rewritt51 t ! result is practically a new book4 ,! pres5t volume reflects ! sugge/ions ( _m tea*]s :o h us$ ! previ\s "w 9 _! classes4 ,! aim ( ?is book has be5 to increase ! emphasis on social1 indu/rial1 & cultural topics & to enable ! /ud5t to und]/& mod]n conditions & t5d5cies4 ,! n>rative is br\ght fully up-to-date1 includ+ su* rec5t ev5ts z ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t ,act ( #aiaa1 ! ,italian-,turki% ,w>1 & ! ,balkan ,w>1 #aiab-aiac4 ,ea* topic is made def9ite & concrete1 & su* important subjects z ! unification ( ,italy & ! unification ( ,g]many are treat$ 9 sep>ate *apt]s4 ,! tea*+ app>atus has be5 made z useful z possible by ! arrangem5t & ! typography ( ! text & by ! addition ( *ronological tables1 li/s ( important dates1 sugge/ive topics & que/ions = ! pupil to inve/igate1 & brief directions = g5]al read+4 ,adequate illu/rations & maps are ins]t$ pr(usely ?r\gh\t ! text4 ,v>iety & color are imp>t$ to ! n>rative by frequ5t quotations f ! s\rces1 & by /rik+ *>act]izations f mod]n works4 ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,f\ndations ,,( ,,g]man ,by ,c4 ,f4 ,,kays]1 ,ph4 ,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,g]man1 ,normal ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york2 & ,f4 ,,montes]1 ,ph4 ,d41 ,head ( ,g]man ,dep>tm5t1 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool1 ,new ,york4 ,?is c\rse r$uces to a m9imum all prep>atory "w1 & introduces ! le>n] at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t to ! lit]ature ( ! language4 ,among its di/9ctive features are3 ,i4 ,x includes only topics absolutely ess5tial = any progress :atev]1 & x pres5ts !m z briefly z is consi/5t ) p]fect cle>ness4 ,,ii4 ,x makes l>ge use ( 8! liv+ gramm>40 ,9 ?is way x enliv5s in/ruction 9 gramm>1 /imulates self-activity1 & develops ! feel+ = correctness1 :i* is ! *ief ?+ to be look$ = 9 all language /udy4 ,,iii4 ,x l5ds itself excell5tly to conv]sational practice4 ,! vocabul>y has be5 select$ v c>efully f ev]yday language1 & ! phrases ( ! ,g]man ex]cises are all ( a colloquial & /rictly idiomatic "*4 ,:ile prim>ily int5d$ to illu/rate def9ite grammatical ph5om5a1 _! tone & language are s natural t :ole ex]cises may be turn$ into impromptu conv]sation1 ?us comb9+ drill 9 speak+ & 9 gramm>4 ,?is is /ill m true ( ! connect$ read+s1 :i* are v simple4 ,,iv4 ,x (f]s a firm f\ndation on :i* a solid sup]/ructure c be erect$4 ,! lessons are /eadily progressive2 no attempt is made to m9imize difficulties at ! beg9n+4 ,! ,engli% ex]cises give ! pupil a *ance to te/ 8 k & p[]1 :ile ! ex]cises 9 ^w =mation /imulate 8 int]e/ 9 ! build+ up ( 8 vocabul>y1 :i* w be ( great s]vice 9 future sight read+4 ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,fran,,ois' ,,ess5tials ,,( ,,fr5* ,by ,,victor ,e4 ,,fran,,ois1 ,ph4,d41 ,associate ,pr(essor ( ,fr5*1 ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york4 ,a c\rse = beg9n]s1 ^: acquirem5t ( a =eign language is (t5 hamp]$ by an incomplete ma/]y ( ,engli% gramm>4 ,! developm5t "h proce$s f ! kn[n ,engli% =m to ! unkn[n ,fr5* =m1 ) con/ant comp>ison & contra/ ( ! two languages4 ,?is sy/em w t5d to =tify /ud5ts by =c+ !m to notice & analyze ! ,engli% z well z ! ,fr5* =ms ( expression4 ,! models prec$e ! rules1 ! sali5t features be+ made prom95t by heavy type4 ,! rules cov] ! necess>y facts ( ! language z simply & completely z possible1 b ! /ud5t is n confus$ by masses ( exceptions1 peculi>ities1 & idioms r>ely se5 & /ill m r>ely us$4 ,! vocabul>y1 ( mod]ate ext5t1 is compos$ ( ord9>y words likely to be us$ 9 ev]yday conv]sation1 & is increas$ sl[ly1 c>e be+ tak5 to repeat ! words aga9 & aga9 9 succe$+ ex]cises4 ,! fir/ lessons h be5 made %ort & simple1 9 ord] to all[ = ! initial difficulties4 ,! ex]cises are compos$ ( s5t5ces connect$ 9 s5se s f> z ?is is possible )\t detrim5t to ! application ( ! pr9ciples & repetition ( words4 ,ea* lesson includes g5]ally f\r ex]cises3 a review1 a portion ( ,fr5* text1 a set ( que/ions bas$ on ! text & usually foll[$ by a gramm> drill1 & an ,engli% ex]cise bas$ entirely on ! text & on ! rules develop$ 9 ! lesson4 ,read+ lessons are introduc$ at int]vals & may s]ve also z ex]cises 9 pronunciation1 dictation1 conv]sation1 or review ( rules4 ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,milne',s ,,/&>d ,,algebra ,by ,,william ,j4 ,,milne1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,presid5t ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,normal ,college1 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,! ,/&>d ,algebra con=ms to ! mo/ rec5t c\rses ( /udy4 ,! inductive me?od ( pres5tation is foll[$1 b decl>ative /atem5ts & obs]vations are us$1 in/ead ( que/ions4 ,add$ to ?is k9d ( unfold+ & developm5t ( ! subject are illu/rative problems & explanations to br+ out specific po9ts1 ! :ole be+ driv5 home by v>i$ & abundant practice4 ,! problems are fre% 9 "*1 & besides ! traditional problems include a l>ge numb] drawn f physics1 geometry1 & comm]cial life4 ,!y are classifi$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! equations involv$1 n accord+ to subject matt]4 ,! /atem5t ( necess>y def9itions & ( pr9ciples is cle> & concise1 b ! pro(s ( pr9ciples1 except "s important ones1 are left = ! matur] ye>s ( ! pupil4 ,accuracy & self-reliance are enc\rag$ by ! use ( num]\s *ecks & te/s1 & by ! requirem5t t results be v]ifi$4 ,! subject ( graphs is treat$ aft] simple equations1 introduc$ by "s ( _! simple uses 9 repres5t+ /ati/ics1 & 9 pictur+ two relat$ quantities 9 ! process ( *ange1 & aga9 aft] quadratics4 ,lat] !y are utiliz$ 9 discuss+ ! values ( quadratic expressions4 ,factor+ receives p>ticul> att5tion4 ,n only are ! usual cases giv5 fully & completely ) pl5ty ( practice1 b ! factor !orem is taught4 ,! helpful & frequ5t reviews are made up ( po9t$ oral que/ions1 ab/ract ex]cises1 problems1 & rec5t college entrance exam9ation que/ions4 ,! book is unusually h&y 9 size & conv5i5t = ! pocket4 ,! page size is small4 ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,plant ,,life ,,& ,,plant ,,uses ,by ,,john ,,gaylord ,,c\lt]1 ,ph4 ,d4 ,an elem5t>y textbook provid+ a f\ndation = ! /udy ( agriculture1 dome/ic sci5ce1 or college botany4 ,b x is m ?an a textbook on botany--x is a book ab\t ! fundam5tals ( plant life & ab\t ! relations betwe5 plants & man4 ,x pres5ts z fully z is desirable = requir$ c\rses 9 high s*ools ^? l>ge facts ab\t plants :i* =m ! pres5t basis ( ! sci5ce ( botany4 ,yet ! treatm5t has 9 view prep>ation = life 9 g5]al1 & n prep>ation = any p>ticul> k9d ( call+4 ,! subject is dealt ) f ! viewpo9t ( ! pupil r ?an f t ( ! tea*] or ! sci5ti/4 ,! /yle is simple1 cle>1 & conv]sational1 yet ! me?od is di/9ctly sci5tific1 & ! book has a cultural z well z a practical object4 ,! text has a unity ( organization4 ,s f> z practicable ! famili> always prec$es ! unfamili> 9 ! sequ5ce ( topics1 & ! facts are made to hang toge!r 9 ord] t ! pupil may see relation%ips4 ,su* topics z =e/ry1 plant bre$+1 we$s1 plant enemies & diseases1 plant culture1 decorative plants1 & economic bact]ia are discuss$ :]e mo/ p]t95t to ! g5]al !me r ?an 9 sep>ate *apt]s :i* de/roy ! cont9uity4 ,! que/ions & sugge/ions :i* foll[ ! *apt]s are ( two k9ds2 "s are design$ m]ely to s]ve z an aid 9 ! /udy ( ! text1 :ile o!rs sugge/ outside /udy & inquiry4 ,! classifi$ tables ( t]ms :i* prec$e ! index are int5d$ to s]ve ! /ud5t 9 review1 & to be a g5]al guide to ! relative values ( ! facts pres5t$4 ,m ?an #bjj attractive illu/rations1 _m ( !m orig9al1 are includ$ 9 ! book4 ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,ess5tials ,,( ,,biology ,by ,,george ,,william ,,hunt]1 ,a4 ,m41 ,head ( ,dep>tm5t ( ,biology1 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,?is new fir/-ye> c\rse treats ! subject ( biology z a :ole1 & meets ! requirem5ts ( ! lead+ colleges & associations ( sci5ce tea*]s4 ,in/ead ( discuss+ plants1 animals1 & man z sep>ate =ms ( liv+ organisms1 x treats ( life 9 a compreh5sive mann]1 & p>ticul>ly 9 its relations to ! progress ( humanity4 ,ea* ma9 topic is introduc$ by a problem1 :i* ! pupil is to solve by actual laboratory "w4 ,! text t foll[s expla9s & illu/rates ! mean+ ( ea* problem4 ,! "w ?r\gh\t aims to h a human int]e/ & a practical value1 & to provide ! simple/ & mo/ easily compreh5d$ me?od ( demon/ration4 ,at ! end ( ea* *apt] are li/s ( ref]5ces to bo? elem5t>y & advanc$ books = collat]al read+4 ,,%>pe',s ,,laboratory ,,manual ,,9 ,,biology ,9 ?is ,manual ! #ef important problems ( ,hunt]'s ,ess5tials ( ,biology are solv$2 t is1 ! pr9ciples ( biology are develop$ f ! laboratory /&po9t4 ,x is a tea*]'s detail$ directions put into pr9t4 ,x /ates ! problems1 & !n tells :at mat]ials & app>atus are necess>y & h[ !y are to be us$1 h[ to avoid mi/akes1 & h[ to get at ! facts :5 !y are f\nd4 ,foll[+ ea* problem & its solution is a full li/ ( ref]5ces to o!r books4 ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,web/]',s ,,second>y ,,s*ool ,,diction>y ,?is new diction>y is bas$ on ,web/]'s ,new ,int]national ,diction>y1 & !re=e con=ms to ! be/ pres5t usage4 ,x pres5ts ! l>ge/ numb] ( words & phrases ev] includ$ 9 a s*ool diction>y--all ^?1 h[ev] new1 likely to be ne$$ by any pupil4 ,x is a ref]5ce book = ! read] & a guide 9 ! use ( ,engli%1 bo? oral & writt54 ,x fills e requirem5t t c reasonably be expect$ ( a diction>y ( mod]ate size4 ,?is new book gives ! pref]5ce to =ms ( spell+ n[ curr5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 cases ( d\bt lean+ t[>d ! simpl] =ms t may be com+ into use4 ,9 ! matt] ( pronunciation su* alt]natives are includ$ z are 9 v common use1 b ! "o t is pref]r$ is cle>ly indicat$4 ,ea* def9ition is 9 ! =m ( a specific /atem5t accompani$ by "o or m synonyms1 betwe5 :i* c>eful discrim9ation is made4 ,9 addition1 ?is diction>y includes an unusual am\nt ( supplem5t>y in=mation ( value to /ud5ts3 ! etymology1 syllabication & capitalization ( words2 _m prop] names f folklore1 my?ology1 & ! ,bible2 a li/ ( prefixes & suffixes2 all irregul>ly inflect$ =ms2 rules = spell+2 #bcbi li/s ( synonyms1 9 :i* #ceah words are c>efully discrim9at$2 answ]s to _m que/ions on ! use ( correct ,engli% con/antly ask$ by pupils2 a guide to pronunciation2 abbreviations us$ 9 writ+ & pr9t+2 a li/ ( #abjj =eign words & phrases2 a diction>y ( #edjj prop] names ( p]sons & places1 etc4 ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,descriptive ,,catalogue ,,( ,,high ,,s*ool ,,& ,,college ,,textbooks ,publi%$ ,complete & 9 ,sections ,we issue a ,catalogue ( ,high ,s*ool & ,college ,textbooks1 :i* we h tri$ to make z valuable & z useful to tea*]s z possible4 ,9 ?is catalogue are set =? briefly & cle>ly ! scope & lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ea* ( our be/ textbooks4 ,9 mo/ cases !re are also giv5 te/imonials f well-kn[n tea*]s1 :i* h be5 select$ q z mu* = _! descriptive qualities z = _! value z comm5dations4 ,= ! conv5i5ce ( tea*]s ?is ,catalogue is also publi%$ 9 sep>ate sections treat+ ( ! v>i\s bran*es ( /udy4 ,^! pamphlets are entitl$3 ,engli%1 ,ma!matics1 ,hi/ory & ,political ,sci5ce1 ,sci5ce1 ,mod]n ,=eign ,languages1 ,anci5t ,languages1 ,comm]cial ,subjects1 & ,philosophy & ,education4 ,a s+le pamphlet is devot$ to ! ,newe/ ,books 9 all subjects4 ,tea*]s seek+ ! newe/ & be/ books = _! classes are invit$ to s5d = our ,complete ,high ,s*ool & ,college ,catalogue1 or = su* sections z may be ( greate/ int]e/4 ,copies ( our price li/s1 or ( special circul>s1 9 :i* ^! books are describ$ at great] l5g? ?an ! space limitations ( ! catalogue p]mit1 w be mail$ to any address on reque/4 ,all correspond5ce %\ld be address$ to ! ne>e/ ( ! foll[+ (fices ( ! company3 ,new ,york1 ,c9c9nati1 ,*icago1 ,bo/on1 ,atlanta4 ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,italics are %[n ?us3 slop+4 ,bold type ?us3 /rong4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation are reta9$4 ,p]ceiv$ typographical errors h be5 *ang$4