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"w ( sci5ce or descriptive art4 ,! table ( cont5ts makes manife/ h[ ext5sive ! range ( ! topics pres5t$2 :ile ! li/ ( engrav+s may %[ h[ pr(usely & ri*ly ! ent]prise ( ! publi%]s has illu/rat$ a "w1 :i* x is hop$ may meet ) univ]sal acceptance4 ,j4 ,l4 ,a4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,preface #c ,li/ ( ,illu/rations #h ,,m\nta9s4 ,! ,&es #i ,*imborazo #ab ,cotopaxi #ac ,pi*9*a #ad ,m\nt ,etna #ae ,m\nt ,vesuvius #ba ,m\nt ,hecla #bh ,! ,geys]s #cb ,! ,sulphur ,m\nta9 7,icel&7 #cf ,mont ,blanc #cg ,! ,glaci]s1 or ,ice ,masses #ea ,! ,m] de ,glace #ea ,view f ! ,buet #ee ,monts]rat #eg ,! ,peak ( ,t5]iffe #ei ,! ,s\ffri]e ,m\nta91 7,/4 ,v9c5t1 ,w4 ,i47 #fi ,pet] ,botte's ,m\nta91 7,mauritius7 #gc ,kilauea1 7,s&wi* ,isl&s7 #gd ,! ,peak ( ,d]by%ire #hb ,m\nta9s ( ,great ,brita9 #ig ,/romboli #aja ,lip>i #ajc ,vulcano #ajd ,! ,himalaya ,m\nta9s #aje ,asiatic ,volcanoes #aae ,isl&s :i* h ris5 f ! ,sea #aai ,,subt]ranean ,,wond]s4 ,! ,grotta del ,cane #aca ,! ,grotto ( ,antip>os #acf ,cav]ns 9 ,hung>y & ,g]many1 conta9+ ,fossil ,bones #aci ,! ,mammo? ,cave #ada ,! ,great ,cav]n ( ,gua*>o #aeg ,f+al's ,cave1 or ,gr& ,/affa ,cav]n #afa ,o!r ,grottos & ,cav]ns #afd ,,m9es1 ,,metals1 ,,gems1 ,c4 ,introductory #afh ,diamond ,m9es #afi ,gold & ,silv] ,m9es #agh ,quicksilv] ,m9es #aic ,iron ,m9es #aie ,copp] ,m9es #bjd ,t9 ,m9es #bji ,lead ,m9es #baa ,coal ,m9es #bab ,salt ,m9es #bbc ,,ph5om5a ,,( ,,! ,,ocean4 ,introductory #bcj ,saltness ( ! ,sea #bca ,congelation ( ,sea-,wat] #bcd ,ice-,isl&s #bce ,iceb]gs #bdd ,lum9\s ,po9ts 9 ! ,sea #bde ,tides & ,curr5ts #bdf ,,cat>acts ,,& ,,cascades4 ,introductory #beb ,falls ( ,niag>a #bec ,falls ( ! ,montmor5ci #bgj ,! ,tuccoa ,fall #bgb ,falls ( ! ,miss\ri #bgb ,catskill ,falls #bgd ,tr5ton ,falls #bge ,wat]fall ( ,s\? ,africa #bge ,cat>acts ( ! ,nile #bgf ,cat>act ( ! ,m5d] #bgf ,o!r ,cat>acts #bgg ,,spr+s ,,& ,,wells4 ,/4 ,w9ifr$'s ,well #bhj ,wigan ,well #bhb ,dropp+ ,well at ,kn>esbor\gh #bhc ,broseley ,spr+ #bhd ,hot ,spr+s ( ,/4 ,mi*ael #bhd ,hot ,spr+s ( ! ,troad #bhe ,o!r ,spr+s #bhf ,,bitum9\s ,,& ,,o!r ,,lakes4 ,pit* ,lake ( ,tr9idad #bij ,mud ,lake ( ,java #bia ,salt ,lake ( ,utah #bib ,,atmosph]ical ,,ph5om5a4 ,meteors #bid ,a]olites #cjg ,aurora ,borealis & ,aurora ,au/ralis #cab ,lum5 ,boreale1 or ,/ream+ ,lights #cad ,lum9\s ,ar*es #caf ,ignes ,fatui1 or ,mock ,fires #cag ,spect] ( ! ,brock5 #cai ,! ,mirage #cbb ,fata ,morgana #cbc ,atmosph]ical ,refraction #cbd ,p>helia1 or ,mock ,suns #cbh ,lun> ,ra9b[ #ccj ,conc5tric ,ra9b[s #ccj ,?und] & ,lightn+ #cca ,rem>kable ,?und]-,/orms #ccd ,hail-,/orms #cch ,hurricanes #cci ,! ,monsoons #cda ,:irlw9ds & ,wat]sp\ts #cdb ,s\nds & ,e*oes #cdh ,,buri$ ,,cities4 ,! ,yan>1 or ,p]petual ,fire #cej ,pompeii #cea ,! ,museum at ,naples #cfj ,h]culaneum #cfb ,pompeii #cfe ,! ,museum #cge ,h]culaneum #cgi ,,e>?quakes4 ,introductory #chd ,e>?quakes ( ,anci5t ,times #chi ,e>?quake 9 ,calabria #chi ,! ,great ,e>?quake ( #agee #cia ,e>?quake 9 ,sicily & 9 ! ,two ,calabrias #dja ,e>?quakes 9 ,p]u #dji ,e>?quake 9 ,jamaica1 #afib #daa ,e>?quake 9 ,v5ezuela1 #ahab #dab ,,connection ,,( ,,e>?quakes ,,) ,,volcanoes4 ,isl& ( ,java #dac ,,basaltic ,,& ,,rocky ,,wond]s4 ,! ,giant's ,causeway #dag ,basaltic ,columns #dbb ,,natural ,,bridges4 ,natural ,bridges ( ,icononzo #dbd ,natural ,bridge 9 ,virg9ia #dbg ,,precipices ,,& ,,promontories4 ,besseley ,ghaut #dcb ,! ,cape ( ! ,w9ds #dcc ,! ,nor? ,cape #dce ,precipices ( ,san ,antonia #dcf ,,geological ,,*anges ,,( ,,! ,,e>?4 ,introductory #dch ,extrane\s ,fossils #ddf ,fossil ,crocodiles #ddh ,l>ge ,fossil ,animal ( ,mae/ri*t #ddi ,fossil ,rema9s ( ,rum9antia #dej ,fossil ,rema9s ( ,elephants #dea ,fossil ,rema9s ( ! ,ma/odon #dec ,fossil ,rema9s ( ! ,rh9oc]os #ded ,fossil ,rema9s ( ! ,sib]ian ,mammo? #dee ,fossil ,%ells #deg ,subt]ranean ,=e/s #deh ,moors1 ,mosses & ,bogs #dfj ,coral ,reefs & ,isl&s #dfe ,,wide ,,& ,,inhospitable ,,des]ts4 ,asiatic ,des]ts #dfi ,arabian ,des]ts #dgj ,african ,des]ts #dgj ,pilgrimage across ! ,des]ts #dgd ,s&s ( ! ,des]t #dhf ,,wond]s ,,( ,,art4 ,! ,pyramids ( ,egypt #dia ,! ,tombs at ,sakk>a #ejf ,! ,sph9x #eji ,ru9s & ,pyramids ( ,m]o #eaa ,pyramids & ,ru9s ( ,m]awe #eaf ,egyptian ,temples & ,monum5ts #ebj ,ba?+ 9 ! ,ea/ #ebf ,egyptian ,temples1 ,monum5ts1 c4 #ebg ,o!r ,ru9s 9 ,egypt1 c4 #eed ,! ,riv] ,nile #efb ,! ,african ,birds-ne/ #efh ,ru9s ( ,palmyra #efi ,ru9s ( ,balbec #egj ,ru9s ( ,babylon #egb ,babylonian ,bricks #egi ,lat] ,discov]ies at ,babylon #ehj ,ru9s ( ,n9eveh #ehb ,! ,ru9s ( ,p]sepolis #ehg ,royal ,palace ( ,ispahan #ehi ,! ,temple ( ,mecca #ehi ,,! ,,holy ,,l&4 ,jacob's ,well #eia ,be?lehem #eib ,naz>e? #eid ,! ,holy ,sepul*] at ,j]usalem #eid ,m\nt ,tabor #eif ,! ,m\nt ( ,olives #eih ,o!r ,rev]$ ,sites #eii ,m\nt ,c>mel #eii ,m\nt ,ar>at #fjj ,,wond]s ,,( ,,art ,,resum$4 ,! ,mosque ( ,om> #fja ,mosque ( ,/4 ,sophia at ,con/ant9ople #fjb ,ru9s ( ,c>?age #fjc ,! ,pla9 ( ,troy #fjd ,a!ns #fjg ,temples ( ,elephants #faj ,temples ( ,salsette #fab ,mausoleum ( ,hyd] ,ali #fad ,! ,taje ,mahal #fad ,great ,wall ( ,*9a #faf ,porcela9 ,t[] at ,nank9 #fah ,! ,%oemadoo at ,pegu #fah ,colossal ,figure ( ,jupit] ,pluvius1 or ! ,ap5n9e ,jupit] #fba ,! ,lean+1 or ,hang+ ,t[] ( ,pisa1 9 ,tuscany #fbd ,! ,coliseum at ,rome #fbg ,! ,pan!on #fcj ,roman ,amphi!at] at ,nismes #fcb ,trajan's ,pill> #fcd ,column ( ,anton9e #fce ,naison ,c>r1 at ,nismes #fce ,! ,pont du ,g>d #fcf ,anci5t ,aqu$uct ne> ,rome #fcg ,! ,roman ,=um #fch ,/4 ,pet]'s ( ,rome #fdb ,! ,soil ( ,rome #fdf ,eddy/one ,light-h\se #fdg ,bell ,rock ,light-h\se #fdi ,/oneh5ge #feb ,rock+ ,/ones #fed ,! ,r\nd ,t[]s ( ,irel& #fef ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral #feg ,fir/ ,*ur* 9 ,engl& #ffa ,we/m9/] ,abbey #ffb ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame #ffe ,/rasburg ,ca!dral #ffe ,ca!dral ( ,cologne #ffi ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>k1 at ,v5ice #ffi ,! ,ca!dral ( ,milan #fgj ,! ,t[] ( ,london #fga ,! ,bank ( ,engl& #fgd ,monum5t ( ! ,great ,fire ( #afff 9 ,london #fge ,! ,l\vre #fgf ,! ,briti% ,museum #fgi ,madame ,tusseau's ,museum #fhf ,! ,palace ( ,bl5heim #fhi ,! ,palace ( ,v]sailles #fia ,! ,palace ( ,/4 ,cl\d #fic ,! ,cry/al ,palace 9 ,new ,york #fig ,! ,cry/al ,palace 9 ,london #gjb ,! ,capitol at ,wa%+ton #gab ,! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute #gad ,! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t #gae ,! ,column ( ,v5dome1 ,p>is #gah ,! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t #gai ,! ,arc de ,triomphe 7,p>is7 #gba ,! ,coop] ,in/itute 7,new ,york7 #gbc ,v]gnais's ,improv$ ,bridge ov] ! ,se9e at ,p>is #gbe ,railroad ,bridge at ,portage1 ,new ,york #gbf ,! ,britannia ,tubul> ,bridge1 ov] ,m5ai ,/rait #gbh ,! ,susp5sion ,bridge ov] ! ,m5ai ,/rait #gcj ,great ,railway ,susp5sion ,bridge at ,niag>a ,falls #gca ,o!r ,imm5se ,bridges #gcb ,! ,high ,bridge at ,h>lem #gcc ,! ,bo/on ,res]voir #gcd ,aqu$uct at ! ,peat ,=e/ ,canal 7,engl&7 #gce ,! ,?ames ,tunnel #gcg ,railroad ,tunnels #gci ,! ,colossus at ,rhodes #gda ,,miscellane\s ,,wond]s4 ,y\le's ,%ot-,t[] #gdd ,! ,emp]or ,f\nta9 #gdf ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,m9t 9 ,philadelphia #gdg ,! ,air ,balloon #gdi ,! ,progress ( ,navigation #gee ,/eam ,navigation #geh ,*9ese ,junks #gff ,! ,artesian ,well ( ,gr5elle #gfg ,! ,banyan-,tree #gfh ,! ,w$d$ ,banyan-,tree #gga ,! ,cocoa-,tree #gga ,! ,re9de] ,sl$ge #ggb ,! ,upas or ,poison-,tree #ggc ,! ,prairie on ,fire #gge ,! ,mammo? ,tree ( ,cali=nia #ggf ,o!r ,mammo? ,trees 9 ,cali=nia #ggh ,! ,palm-,tree #ggh ,! ,bamboo-,tree #gha ,! ,manna-,tree #ghc ,cont95tal ,money #ghc ,! ,milk-,tree #ghd ,! ,signal ,telegraph #ghf ,! ,electro-,magnetic ,telegraph #ghg ,! ,art ( ,pr9t+ #ghh ,! ,india-,rubb] ,tree #gic ,! ,r\nd ,t[] at ,newport #gie ,div+ ,armor #gif ,tree ,h\se 9 ,caffr>ia #gii ,! ,ra9+-,tree #hjj ,! ,travel]'s ,fri5d #hjj ,! ,camphor-,tree #hja ,! ,c9namon ,plant #hjb ,! ,tree ,temple at ,matibo 9 ,pi$mont #hjc ,! ,t]mites1 or ,:ite ,ants #hjd ,huts 9 ,kamts*atka #hjf ,! ,:ale #hjg ,l&+ ( ! ,pilgrims #hjh ,plym\? ,rock #hji ,a ,wond] ( ,art #haa ,! ,:ale ,kill] #hab ,a ,pile ( ,s]p5ts #hac ,am]ican ,ru9s #had ,insect ,slav]y #hae ,li/ ( ,illu/rations4 ,,page4 ,! ,cordill]as1 or ,&es1 ne> ,quito #aj ,crat] ( ,m\nt ,etna #af ,! 8,ca/ano de ,c5to ,cavilli10 or ,great ,*e/nut ,tree ( #ah ,m\nt ,etna ,m\nt ,vesuvius #bb ,m\nt ,hecla & ! ,geys]s #bi ,mont ,blanc & ! ,glaci]s #ch ,! ,peak ( ,t5]iffe #ei ,pet] ,botte's ,m\nta9 #gd ,bridge ov] ! ,wye #ib ,s\rce ( ! ,jumna #aji ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,volcano #abb ,sabr9a ,isl& #abe ,grotto ( ,antip>os #acf ,! ,mammo? ,cave #ada ,diamond ,wa%+ 9 ,brazil #aga ,discov]y ( ,silv] 9 ,p]u #agi ,silv] ,m9e at ,knigsb]g1 ,sw$5 #ahe ,gold ,wa%+ 9 ,cali=nia #ahh ,place :]e ,gold 0 fir/ discov]$ 9 ,au/ralia #aij ,copp] ,m9e 9 ,cornwall #bjg ,?9 ,plates ( ,coal #bac ,great ,salt ,m9e ( ,crac[ #bbe ,iceb]gs1 or ,ice-,isl&s #bcf ,! ,mael/rom #bej ,niag>a ,falls #bef ,niag>a ,falls on ! ,am]ican side #bei ,susp5sion ,bridge ov] ,niag>a ,riv] #bfe ,falls ( ,montmor5ci #bgj ,catskill ,falls #bgd ,dropp+ ,well at ,kn>esbor\gh1 ,engl& #bhc ,! ,emigrant ,family #bic ,spect] ( ! ,brock5 #cbj ,%ip refract$ 9 ! ,air #cbg ,wat]sp\t on ! ,ocean #cdf ,temple ( ,isis at ,pompeii #cef ,papyri #cfa ,e>?quake at ,lisbon #cid ,natural ,bridge 9 ,virg9ia #dbh ,skeleton ( ! ,sib]ian ,mammo? #def ,! ,sph9x & ,pyramids #dib ,entrance to "o ( ! ,pyramids ( ,gizeh #dii ,entrance to ! ,tombs ( ,sakk>a #ejg ,great ,gall]y ( ! ,tombs ( ,sakk>a #eaj ,cleopatra's ,ne$le #eba ,! ,two ,colossi #ece ,! ,nilomet] #efe ,african ,birds-ne/ #efh ,t[] ne> ,babylon #egc ,colossal ,w+$ ,bull f ,n9eveh #ehd ,jacob's ,well #eia ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*] #eie ,m\nt ,tabor #eig ,! ,areopagus #fjh ,temple ( ,jupit] ,olympius #fji ,great ,wall ( ,*9a #fae ,porcela9 ,t[] at ,nank9 #fag ,jupit] ,pluvius1 or ! ,ap5n9e ,jupit] #fbb ,! ,lean+ ,t[] at ,pisa #fbd ,! ,coliseum at ,rome #fbi ,anci5t ,roman ,aqu$uct #fch ,! ,ar* ( ,titus #fdj ,/4 ,pet]'s z se5 f ! ,tib] #fdc ,! ,eddy/one ,light-h\se #fdh ,/oneh5ge #fec ,! ,fir/ ,*ur* 9 ,engl& #ffa ,/rasburg ,ca!dral #fff ,! ,cry/al ,palace 9 ,new ,york #fig ,! ,capitol at ,wa%+ton #gab ,! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute #gae ,! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t #gaf ,! ,bunk]-,hill ,monum5t #gbj ,v]gnais's ,h]culean ,bridge #gbe ,! ,britannia ,tubul> ,bridge #gbh ,! ,high ,bridge at ,h>lem #gcc ,! ,bo/on ,res]voir #gce ,aqu$uct on ! ,peat ,=e/ ,canal #gcf ,tunnel 9 ,%akspe>e's ,cliff #gdj ,! ,colossus ( ,rhodes #gdb ,! ,emp]or ,f\nta9 #gdg ,! ,air ,balloon #gej ,e>ly ,navigation #gef ,! ,laun* ( a ,packet-,%ip #geg ,fulton's ,fir/ ,/eamboat #gei ,an ,ocean ,/eam] #gfb ,*9ese ,junks #gff ,! ,banyan-,tree #gfi ,! ,re9de] ,sl$ge #ggb ,! ,prairie on ,fire #gge ,! ,date-,palm #ggi ,! ,bamboo-,tree #ghb ,cont95tal ,money #ghc ,! ,signal ,telegraph #ghe ,! ,electro-,magnetic ,telegraph #ghg ,fau/ tak+ ,fir/ ,pro( f movable types #ghi ,frankl9's ,pr9t+-,press #gij ,hoe's ,eight-,cyl9d] ,p[] ,press #gib ,! ,india-,rubb] ,tree #gic ,! ,old ,r\nd ,t[] at ,newport #gie ,subm>9e or ,div+ ,armor #gif ,mann] ( work+ ! ,div+-,armor #gig ,tree ,h\se 9 ,caffr>ia #gii ,! ,camphor-,tree #hja ,tree ,temple at ,matibo 9 ,pi$mont #hjc ,ant-,hills ( ! ,:ite ,ant #hje ,huts 9 ,kamts*atka #hjf ,tak+ a ,:ale #hjg ,l&+ ( ! ,pilgrims #hji ,plym\? ,rock #haj ,e>ly ,settl]s ( ,new ,engl& go+ to ,*ur* #haa ,,! ,wond]s ( ! ,_w4 ------------------------------------ ,,m\nta9s4 8,& lo6 ! m\nta9s pr9t ! di/ant sky1 ,& o'er _! airy tops fa9t cl\ds are driv51 ,s s(tly bl5d+ t ! *eat$ eye1 ,=gets or :i* is e>?1 or :i* is heav560--,,fay4 8,m\nta9s & all hills--let !m praise ! "n ( ! ,"l1 = 8 "n alone is excell5t2 8 glory is above ! e>? & heav540--,,david4 ,among ! wond]s1 or uncommon ph5om5a ( ! _w1 may be class$ /up5d\s m\nta9s4 ,= ?\gh comp>$ ) ! entire diamet] ( ! e>?1 ! highe/ elevations on its surface are no m ?an ! inequalities on ! sk9 ( ! orange to ! orange itself1 yet to our eyes !y (t5 appe> imm5sely l(ty & sublime4 ,descriptions ( su* va/ & /rik+ objects (t5 fail to excite correspond+ ideas2 s t h[ev] accurate or poetical may be ! acc\nts ( ?is class ( ! prodigies ( nature1 no j notions ( _! va/ness c be convey$1 by any writt5 or graphical repres5tation4 ,! magnitude ( an object mu/ be se5 to be duly conceiv$2 & ! m\nta9-wond]s ( ! _w w be/ be und]/ood & felt by ^? :o h visit$ ,wales1 ,scotl&1 ,switz]l&1 or ! m\nta9\s regions ( ,am]ica or ,asia4 ,,! ,,&es4 ,"s ( ! l(tie/ & mo/ ext5sive m\nta9s 9 ! _w1 are ! ,&es1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,^! /up5d\s hills1 call$ by ! ,spani>ds ! ,cordill]as1 7f ! ^w cord or *a917 i4 e41 ! *a9s ( ! ,&es1 /ret* nor? & s\? ne> ! we/]n coa/1 f ! i/hmus ( ,d>i51 ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! cont95t ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 to ! /raits ( ,magellan4 ,9 ! nor?1 !re are ?ree *a9s ( sep>ate ridges2 b 9 advanc+ f ,popayan t[>d ! s\?1 ! ?ree *a9s unite into a s+le gr\p1 :i* is cont9u$ f> beyond ! equator4 ,9 ,equador1 ne> ,quito1 ! m elevat$ summits ( ?is gr\p are rang$ 9 two r[s1 7z se5 9 ! cut bel[17 :i* =m a d\ble cre/ to ! ,cordill]as4 ,! ext5t ( ! ,&es m\nta9s is n less ?an f\r ?\s& ?ree hundr$ miles1 f "o end to ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cordill]as1 ,,or ,,&es1 ,,ne> ,,quito4 8,rocks ri* 9 gems1 & m\nta9s big ) m9es1 ,t on ! high equator ridgy rise1 ,:5ce _m a bur/+ /ream aurif]\s plays40--,,?omson4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 ! op]ations ( nature appe> to h be5 c>ri$ on on a l>g] scale1 & ) a bold] h&1 ?an else:]e2 & 9 consequ5ce1 ! :ole is di/+ui%$ by a peculi> magnific5ce4 ,ev5 ! pla9 ( ,quito1 :i* may be consid]$ z ! base ( ! ,&es1 is m elevat$ above ! sea ?an ! summits ( _m ,european m\nta9s4 ,9 diff]5t places ! ,&es rise m ?an "o-?ird high] ?an ! fam\s peak ( ,t5]iffe1 ! highe/ l& 9 ! anci5t hemisph]e4 ,_! cl\d-envelop$ summits1 ?\gh expos$ to ! rays ( ! sun 9 ! torrid zone1 are cov]$ ) et]nal sn[s1 & bel[ !m ! /orm is se5 to bur/1 & ! explor+ travel] he>s ! ?und] roll1 & sees ! lightn+s d>t b5ea? 8 feet4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! range ( ^! ext5sive m\nta9s1 z f> z !y h be5 explor$1 !re is a c]ta9 b\nd>y1 above :i* ! sn[ nev] melts2 :i* b\nd>y1 9 ! torrid zone1 has be5 asc]ta9$ to be f\rte5 ?\s&1 six hundr$ feet1 or ne>ly ?ree miles above ! level ( ! sea4 ,! asc5t to ! pla9 ( ,quito1 on :i* /&s ,*imborazo1 ,cotopaxi1 ,pi*9*a1 c41 is ?us describ$ by ,don ,juan de ,ulloa3 8,! rugg$ness ( ! road f ,t>aguaga1 lead+ up ! m\nta91 is n easily describ$4 ,! declivity is s great1 9 "s p>ts1 t ! mules c sc>cely keep _! foot+2 &1 9 o!rs1 ! acclivity is equally difficult4 ,! tr\ble ( s5d+ p be=e to m5d ! road1 ! pa9 aris+ f ! _m falls & bruises1 & ! be+ con/antly wet to ! sk91 might be support$2 b ^! inconv5i5ces are augm5t$ by ! sight ( su* frightful precipices & deep abysses1 z excite 9 ! m9d con/ant t]ror4 ,! road1 9 "s places1 is s /eep1 & yet s n>r[1 t ! mules are oblig$ to slide d[n )\t mak+ any use :atev] ( _! feet4 ,on "o side ( ! rid]1 9 ?is situation1 rises an em95ce ( _m hundr$ y>ds2 &1 on ! o!r1 is an abyss ( equal dep?2 s t1 if he %\ld give ! lea/ *eck to 8 mule1 & de/roy ! equilibrium1 bo? mu/ inevitably p]i%4 8,hav+ travel$ n9e days 9 ?is mann]1 sl[ly w9d+ along ! sides ( ! m\nta9s1 we began to f9d ! :ole c\ntry cov]$ ) a ho>-fro/2 & a hut1 9 :i* we repos$1 _h ice 9 x4 ,at l5g?1 aft] a p]il\s j\rney ( fifte5 days1 we arriv$ ^u a pla91 at ! extremity ( :i* /&s ! city ( ,quito1 ! capital ( "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ regions 9 ! _w4 ,"h1 9 ! c5t] ( ! torrid zone1 ! heat is n only v tol]able1 b1 9 "s places1 ! cold is ev5 pa9ful4 ,"h ! inhabitants enjoy ! temp]ature & advantages ( p]petual spr+2 ! fields be+ con/antly cov]$ ) v]dure1 & enamel$ ) fl[]s ( ! mo/ lively colors4 ,b al?\gh ?is beautiful region is m elevat$ ?an any o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w1 & x employs s _m days ( pa9ful j\rney 9 ! asc5t1 x is itself ov]look$ by trem5d\s m\nta9s1 _! sides be+ cov]$ ) sn[1 :ile _! summits are flam+ ) volcanoes4 ,^! m\nta9s seem pil$ "o ^u ! o!r1 & to rise1 ) great boldness1 to an a/oni%+ hight4 ,h[ev]1 at a det]m9$ po9t above ! surface ( ! sea1 ! congelation is f\nd at ! same hight 9 all ! m\nta9s4 ,^? p>ts :i* are n subject to a cont9ual fro/1 h "h & !re gr[+ ^u !m a species ( ru%1 resembl+ ! broom1 b mu* s(t] & m flexible4 ,t[>d ! extremity ( ! "p :]e ! ru% gr[s1 & ! cold beg9s to increase1 is f\nd a vegetable ) a r\nd bulb\s head4 ,high] /ill1 ! e>? is b>e ( vegetation1 & seems cov]$ ) et]nal sn[4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( ! ,&es are ! m\nta9s ( ,*imborazo1 ,cotopaxi1 & ,pi*9*a40 ,,*imborazo4 ,?is is ! mo/ l(ty & maje/ic peak ( ! ,&es1 & has a circul> summit4 ,x is tw5ty-two ?\s& feet1 or m ?an f\r miles high4 ,on ! %ores ( ! ocean1 aft] ! long ra9s ( w9t]1 ,*imborazo appe>s l a cl\d 9 ! horizon4 ,x deta*es itself f ! neighbor+ summits1 & raises its l(ty head ov] ! :ole *a9 ( ! ,&es4 ,travel]s :o h approa*$ ! summits ( ,mont ,blanc & ,mont ,rose1 are alone capable ( feel+ ! effect ( su* va/1 maje/ic1 & solemn sc5]y4 ,! bulk ( ,*imborazo is s enorm\s1 t ! "p :i* ! eye embraces at once1 ne> ! limit ( ! sn[s1 is tw5ty-two ?\s&1 n9e hundr$ & sixty-eight feet1 or f\r miles & a ?ird 9 bread?4 ,! extreme r>ity ( ! /rata ( air across :i* ! summits ( ! ,&es are se51 contributes greatly to ! spl5dor ( ! sn[ & ! magical effect ( its reflection4 ,"u ! tropics1 at a hight ( sixte5 ?\s&1 f\r hundr$ feet1 or upw>d ( ?ree miles1 ! azure vault ( ! heav5s appe>s ( an indigo t9t2 :ile1 9 s pure & transp>5t an atmosph]e1 ! outl9es ( ! m\nta9s seem to deta* !mselves f ! sky1 & produce an effect at once sublime1 awful1 & pr(\ndly impressive4 ,) ! exception ( ! l(tie/ ( ! ,himalaya1 9 ,asia1 ,*imborazo is ! highe/ kn[n m\nta9 9 ! _w4 ,humboldt1 ,bonpl&1 & ,montuf>1 7 p]sev]+ en\gh to approa* )9 "o ?\s&1 six hundr$ feet ( ! summit ( ?is mighty k+ ( m\nta9s4 ,be+ aid$ 9 _! asc5t by a tra9 ( volcanic rocks1 de/itute ( sn[1 !y ?us atta9$ ! amaz+ hight ( ne>ly f\r miles above ! level ( ! sea2 & ! =m] ( ^! naturali/s is p]suad$ t !y might h rea*$ ! highe/ summit1 _h x n be5 = ! int]v5tion ( a great crevice1 or gap1 :i* !y 7 unable to cross4 ,!y 71 !re=e1 oblig$ to desc5d1 aft] exp]i5c+ great inconv5i5ces & _m unpleasant s5sations4 ,= ?ree or f\r days1 ev5 aft] _! return into ! pla91 !y 7 n free f sickness1 & an uncom=table feel+1 ow+1 z !y suppose1 to ! va/ proportion ( oxyg5 9 ! atmosph]e above4 ,long be=e !y rea*$ ! above surpris+ hight1 !y _h be5 ab&on$ by _! guides1 ! ,indians1 :o _h tak5 al>m & 7 fe>ful ( _! lives4 ,s great 0 ! fall ( sn[ on _! return1 t !y c\ld sc>cely recognize ea* o!r1 & !y all suff]$ dreadfully f ! int5s5ess ( ! cold4 ,a great numb] ( ,spani>ds =m]ly p]i%$ 9 cross+ ! va/ & dang]\s des]ts :i* lie on ! declivity ( ,*imborazo2 be+ n[1 h[ev]1 bett] acqua9t$ ) !m1 su* mis=tunes seldom occur1 especially z v few take ?is r\te1 unless !re be a prospect ( calm & s]5e wea!r4 ,,cotopaxi4 ,?is m\nta9 is ! l(tie/ ( ^? volcanoes ( ! ,&es :i*1 at rec5t epo*s1 h und]gone eruptions4 ,not)/&+ x lies ne> ! equator1 its summits are cov]$ ) p]petual sn[s4 ,! absolute hight ( ,cotopaxi is eighte5 ?\s&1 eight hundr$ & sev5ty-six feet1 or ?ree miles & a half2 consequ5tly x is two ?\s&1 six hundr$ & tw5ty-two feet1 or half a mile1 high] ?an ,vesuvius w\ld be1 7 t m\nta9 plac$ on ! top ( ! peak ( ,t5]iffe6 ,cotopaxi is ! mo/ mis*iev\s ( ! volcanoes 9 ! vic9ity ( ,quito1 & its explosions are ! mo/ frequ5t & disa/r\s4 ,! masses ( scori1 & ! pieces ( rock1 ?r[n out ( ?is volcano1 cov] a surface ( sev]al squ>e leagues1 & w\ld =m1 7 !y heap$ toge!r1 a prodigi\s m\nta94 ,9 #agch1 ! flames ( ,cotopaxi rose ?ree ?\s& feet1 or upw>d ( half a mile1 above ! br9k ( ! crat]4 ,9 #agdd1 ! ro>+s ( ?is volcano 7 he>d at ! di/ance ( six hundr$ miles4 ,on ! f\r? ( ,april1 #agfh1 ! quantity ( a%es eject$ at ! m\? ( ,cotopaxi 0 s great1 t x 0 d>k till ?ree 9 ! aft]noon4 ,! explosion :i* took place 9 #ahjc1 0 prec$$ by ! sudd5 melt+ ( ! sn[s :i* cov]$ ! m\nta94 ,= tw5ty ye>s be=e no smoke or vapor1 t c\ld be p]ceiv$1 _h issu$ f ! crat]2 b 9 a s+le night ! subt]rane\s fires became s active1 t at sunrise ! ext]nal walls ( ! cone1 heat$ to a v consid]able temp]ature1 appe>$ nak$1 & ( ! d>k color :i* is peculi> to vitrifi$ scori4 8,at ! port ( ,guyaquil10 obs]ves ,humboldt1 8fifty-two leagues di/ant 9 a /raight l9e f ! crat]1 we he>d1 day & night1 ! noise ( ?is volcano1 l cont9u$ dis*>ges ( a batt]y2 & we di/+ui%$ ^! trem5d\s s\nds ev5 on ! ,pacific ocean40 ,! =m ( ,cotopaxi is ! mo/ beautiful & regul> ( ! colossal summits ( ! high ,&es4 ,x is a p]fect cone1 :i*1 cov]$ ) a p]petual lay] ( sn[1 %9es ) dazzl+ spl5dor at ! sett+ ( ! sun1 & deta*es itself 9 ! mo/ picturesque mann] f ! azure vault above4 ,?is cov]+ ( sn[ conceals f ! eye ( ! obs]v] ev5 ! smalle/ inequalities ( ! soil2 no po9t ( rock1 no /ony mass1 p5etrat+ ?is coat ( ice1 or break+ ! regul>ity ( ! figure ( ! cone4 ,,pi*9*a4 ,?\gh celebrat$ = its great hight1 ,pi*9*a is ?ree ?\s&1 eight hundr$ & =ty-n9e feet1 or ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile1 l[] ?an ! p]p5dicul> elevation ( ,cotopaxi4 ,x 0 =m]ly a volcano2 b ! m\? or crat] on "o ( its sides is n[ cov]$ ) s& or calc9$ matt]1 s t at pres5t nei!r smoke nor a%es issue f x4 ,:5 x 0 asc5d$ by ,don ,george ,juan & ,don ,antonio de ,ulloa1 = ! purpose ( _! a/ronomical obs]vations1 !y f\nd ! cold on ! top ( ?is m\nta9 extremely int5se1 ! w9d v viol5t1 & ! fog1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! cl\d1 s ?ick1 t objects at ! di/ance ( six or eight paces 7 sc>cely disc]nible4 ,on ! air becom+ cle>1 by ! cl\ds desc5d+ ne>] ! e>?1 9 su* a mann] z to surr\nd ! m\nta9 on all sides to a va/ di/ance1 ^! cl\ds af=d$ a lively repres5tation ( ! sea1 9 :i* ! top ( ! m\nta9 seem$ to /&1 l an isl& 9 ! c5t]4 8,) aspect mild1 & elevat$ eye1 ,behold him seat$ on a m\nt s]5e1 ,above ! fogs ( s5se1 & passion's /orm3 ,all ! black c>es & tumults ( ?is life1 ,l h>mless ?und]s1 break+ at 8 feet40--,,"y4 ,:5 ! cl\ds desc5d$1 ! a/ronom]s he>d ! dreadful noise ( tempe/s1 :i* dis*>g$ !mselves f !m on ! adjac5t c\ntry4 ,!y saw ! lightn+ issue f ! cl\ds1 & he>d ! ?und] roll f> b5ea? !m4 ,:ile ! l[] p>ts 7 ?us involv$ 9 tempe/s ( ?und] & ra91 !y enjoy$ a delightful s]5ity2 ! w9d abat$1 ! sky cle>$1 & ! enliv5+ rays ( ! sun mod]at$ ! sev]ity ( ! cold4 ,b :5 ! cl\ds rose1 _! d5sity r5d]$ respiration difficult3 sn[ & hail fell cont9ually1 & ! w9ds return$ ) su* viol5ce1 t x 0 impossible to ov]come ! fe> ( be+ bl[n d[n ! precipices1 or ( be+ buri$ by ! accumulation ( ice & sn[1 or by ! enorm\s fragm5ts ( rocks :i* roll$ ar\nd !m4 ,e crevice 9 _! hut 0 /opp$1 & ?\gh ! hut 0 small1 0 cr[d$ ) inhabitants1 & sev]al lamps 7 con/antly burn+1 ! cold 0 s great1 t ea* individual 0 oblig$ to h a *af+-di% ( coals1 & sev]al m5 7 employ$ e morn+ 9 remov+ ! sn[ :i* _h fall5 dur+ ! night4 ,_! feet 7 swoll51 & !y became s t5d] & s5sible1 t walk+ 0 att5d$ ) extreme pa92 _! h&s also 7 cov]$ ) *ilbla9s1 & _! lips 7 s swoll5 & *app$1 t e motion 9 speak+ br\ght blood4 ,,m\nt ,,etna4 8,n[ "u sulphur\s ,cuma's sea-b\nd coa/1 ,& va/ ,sicilia1 lies ! %aggy brea/ ,( sn[y ,etna1 nurse ( endless fro/1 ,! pill>$ prop ( heav51 =ev] press$3 ,=? f ^: sulph'r\s cav]ns issu+ rise ,pure liquid f\nta9s ( tempe/u\s fire1 ,:i* vail 9 ruddy mi/s ! noonday skies1 ,:ile wrapt 9 smoke ! eddy+ flames aspire1 ,or gleam+ ?r\gh ! night ) hide\s ro>1 ,f> o'er ! r$d'n+ ma9 huge rocky fragm5ts p\r4 8,b he1 ,vulcanian mon/]1 to ! cl\ds ,! fi]ce/1 hotte/ inundations ?r[s1 ,:ile1 ) ! bur!n ( incumb5t woods1 ,& ,etna's gloomy cliffs o'er:elm$ he gl[s4 ,!re on 8 fl9ty b$ out/ret*'d he lies1 ,^: po9t$ rock 8 toss+ c>cass w\nds2 ,!re ) dismay he /rikes behold+ eyes1 ,or frights ! di/ant e> ) horrid s\nds40--,,we/4 ,m\nt ,etna1 "o ( ! mo/ maje/ic ( all ! volcanoes1 :i* ! anci5ts consid]$ z "o ( ! highe/ m\nta9s 9 ! _w1 & on ! summit ( :i* !y believ$ t ,deucalion & ,pyrrha s\ght refuge1 to save !mselves f ! univ]sal deluge1 is situat$ on ! pla9 ( ,catania1 9 ,sicily4 ,its elevation above ! level ( ! sea has be5 e/imat$ at t5 ?\s&1 n9e hundr$ & sixty-?ree feet1 or upw>d ( two miles4 ,on cle> days x is di/9ctly se5 f ,valetta1 ! capital ( ,malta1 a di/ance ( "o hundr$ & fifty miles4 ,x is incomp>ably ! l>ge/ burn+ m\nta9 9 ,europe4 ,f its sides o!r m\nta9s arise1 :i*1 9 diff]5t ages1 h be5 eject$ 9 s+le masses f its enorm\s crat]4 ,! mo/ ext5sive lavas ( ,vesuvius d n exce$ sev5 miles 9 l5g?1 :ile ^? ( ,etna ext5d to fifte51 tw5ty1 & "s ev5 to ?irty miles4 ,! crat] ( ,etna is seldom less ?an a mile 9 circuit1 & sometimes is two or ?ree miles2 b ! circumf]5ce ( ! ,vesuvian crat] is nev] m ?an half a mile1 ev5 :5 widely di/5d$1 9 its mo/ de/ructive conflagrations4 ,&1 la/ly1 ! e>?quakes occasion$ by ^! adjac5t volcanoes1 _! eruptions1 _! %[]s ( ignit$ /ones1 & ! de/ruction & desolation :i* !y create1 are sev]ally proportionate to _! respective dim5sions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,crat] ,,( ,,m\nt ,,etna4 ,a j\rney up ,etna is consid]$ z an ent]prise ( importance1 z well f ! difficulty ( ! r\te1 z f ! di/ance1 x be+ ?irty miles f ,catania to ! summit ( ! m\nta94 ,its gigantic bulk1 its sublime elevation1 & ! ext5sive1 v>i$1 & gr& prospects :i* are pres5t$ f its summit1 h1 h[ev]1 induc$ ! curi\s 9 e age to asc5d & exam9e x2 & n a few h transmitt$1 ?r\gh ! press1 ! obs]vations :i* !y h made dur+ _! ardu\s j\rney4 ,f its va/ base x rises l a pyramid to ! p]p5dicul> hight ( two miles1 by an acclivity ne>ly equal on all sides1 =m+ ) ! horizon an angle ( ab\t fifte5 degrees1 :i* becomes great] on approa*+ ! crat]2 b ! incl9ation ( ! /eepe/ "p ( ! cone n[h]e exce$s an angle ( =ty-five degrees4 ,?is prodigi\s volcano may be comp>$ to a =ge1 :i*1 9 proportion to ! viol5ce ( ! fire1 to ! nature ( ! fossil matt]s on :i* x acts1 & ( ! gases :i* urge & set x 9 motion1 produces1 de/roys1 & reproduces1 a v>iety ( =ms2 & ( ?is1 z ( all active volcanoes1 we may say 9 ! language ( ,"y1 8,! dread volcano m9i/]s to good2 ,its smo!r$ flames might und]m9e ! _w ,l\d ,etnas fulm9ate 9 love to man40 ,! top ( ,etna be+ above ! common region ( vapors1 ! heav5s1 at ?is elevation1 appe> ) an unusual spl5dor4 ,brydone & 8 company obs]v$1 z !y asc5d$ 9 ! night1 t ! numb] ( ! />s seem$ to be inf9itely increas$1 & ! light ( ea* 0 bright] ?an usual4 ,! :it5ess ( ! milky way 0 l a pure flame :i* spread across ! heav5s2 &1 ) ! nak$ eye1 !y c\ld obs]ve clu/]s ( />s :i* 7 invisible f bel[4 ,!y likewise notic$ sev]al ( ^? meteors call$ fall+ />s1 :i* appe>$ z mu* elevat$ "h z :5 view$ f ! pla9 b5ea?4 ,?is s+le m\nta9 conta9s an epitome ( ! diff]5t climates ?r\gh\t ! _w1 pres5t+ at once all ! seasons ( ! ye>1 & all ! v>ieties ( produce4 ,x is accord+ly divid$ into ?ree di/9ct zones or regions1 :i* may be di/+ui%$ z ! torrid1 temp]ate1 & frigid1 b :i* are kn[n by ! names ( ! cultivat$ region1 ! woody or temp]ate region1 & ! frigid or des]t region4 ,! =m] ( ^! ext5ds ?r\gh twelve miles ( ! asc5t t[>d ! summit1 & is almo/ incr$ibly abundant 9 pa/ures & fruit-trees ( e description4 ,x is cov]$ ) t[ns1 villages & mona/]ies2 & ! numb] ( inhabitants spread ov] its surface is e/imat$ at "o hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s&4 ,9 asc5d+ to ! woody or temp]ate region1 ! sc5e *anges2 x is a new climate1 a new creation4 ,bel[1 ! heat is suffocat+2 b "h1 ! air is mild & fre%4 ,! turf is cov]$ ) aromatic plants2 & ! gulfs1 :i* =m]ly eject$ torr5ts ( fire1 are *ang$ into woody valleys4 ,no?+ c be m picturesque ?an ?is2 ! inequality ( ! soil display+ e mom5t "s v>iety ( sc5e3 "h1 ! a% & fl[]+ ?orns =m domes ( v]dure2 & !re1 ! *e/nut-trees gr[ to an enorm\s size4 ,! "o call$ ca/agno de c5to cavilli1 accord+ to ,brydone & ,glov]1 has a circumf]5ce ( two hundr$ & f\r feet4 ,_m ( ! oaks also are ( a prodigi\s size4 ,mr4 ,sw9burne measur$ "o :i* _h a circumf]5ce ( tw5ty-eight feet4 ,! la/1 or des]t region1 comm5ces m ?an a mile above ! level ( ! sea4 ,! l[] "p is cov]$ ) sn[ 9 w9t] only2 b on ! upp] half ( ?is /]ile di/rict ! sn[s cont9ually lie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,ca/agno ,,de ,,c5to ,,cavilli10 ,,or ,,great ,,*e/nut ,,tree ,,( ,,m\nt ,,etna4 ,! cone ( ,etna is1 9 a "r l9e1 ab\t a mile 9 asc5t4 ,! crat] is ab\t a mile & a half 9 circumf]5ce2 & f ! inn] "p ( ?is1 a column ( smoke con/antly rises2 :ile ! liquid fi]y matt] may be se5 roll+1 ris+ & fall+ )94 ,z to ! va/ness & beauty ( ! prospect f ! summit ( ,etna1 all writ]s agree t x is probably unsurpass$4 ,m4 ,h\el 0 !re at sunrise1 :5 ! horizon 0 p]fectly cle>1 & ! coa/ ( ,calabria1 z se5 9 ! di/ance1 appe>$ to ! eye mi/y1 & undi/+ui%able f ! sea4 ,! sky above 0 speck$ ) ! light float+ cl\ds t are s (t5 se5 9 t delightful climate be=e ! ris+ ( ! sun2 & 9 ! calm sil5ce all nature seem$ wait+ ! com+ ( ! orb ( day4 ,& v soon ! promise ?us giv5 began to be fulfill$4 ,9 a %ort "t a fi]y radiance appe>$ 9 ! ea/4 ,! fleecy cl\ds 7 t+$ ) purple2 ! atmosph]e became /rongly illum9at$1 &1 reflect+ ! rays ( ! sun1 seem$ to be fill$ ) a bright refulg5ce ( flame4 ,al?\gh ! heav5s 7 ?us enlight5$1 ! sea /ill reta9$ its d>k azure1 & ! fields & =e/s did n yet reflect ! rays ( ! sun4 ,! gradual ris+ ( ?is lum9>y1 h[ev]1 soon diffus$ light ov] ! hills :i* lie bel[ ! peak ( ,etna4 ,?is la/ /ood l an isl& 9 ! mid/ ( ! ocean1 ) lum9\s po9ts multiply+ e mom5t ar\nd1 & spread+ ov] a wid] ext5t ) ! greate/ rapidity4 ,x 01 he said1 z if ! _w _h be5 obs]v$ sudd5ly to spr+ f ! night ( non-exi/5ce4 8,ere ! ris+ sun ,%one o'er ! deep1 or 'mid ! vault ( night ,! moon h] silv] lamp susp5d$2 ere ,! vales ) spr+s 7 wat]$1 or ) groves ,( oak or p9e ! anci5t hills 7 cr[n$2 ,!n ! ,great ,_s1 :om 8 works adore1 ,)9 8 own deep ess5ce view$ ! =ms1 ,! =ms et]nal ( creat$ ?+s3 ,! radiant sun2 ! moon's nocturnal lamp2 ,! m\nta9s & ! /reams3 ! ample /ores ,( e>?1 ( heav51 ( nature4 ,f ! fir/1 ,on t full sc5e 8 love div9e he fix$1 ,8 admiration4 ,till1 9 "t complete1 ,:at he admir$ & lov$1 8 vital p[] ,unfold$ into be+4 ,h5ce ! brea? ,( life1 in=m+ ea* organic frame2 ,h5ce ! gre5 e>?1 & wild res\nd+ waves2 ,h5ce light & %ade1 alt]nate2 w>m? & cold2 ,& bright autumnal skies1 & v]nal %[]s1 ,& all ! fair v>iety ( ?+s40--,,ak5side4 ,! mo/ sublime object1 h[ev]1 :i* ! summit ( ,etna pres5ts1 is ! imm5se mass ( its own colossal body4 ,its upp] region exhibits r\gh & craggy cliffs1 ris+ p]p5dicul>ly1 fe>ful to ! view1 & surr\nd$ by an assemblage ( fugitive cl\ds1 to increase ! wild v>iety ( ! sc5e4 ,amid ! multitude ( woods 9 ! middle or temp]ate region1 are num]\s m\nta9s1 :i*1 9 any o!r situation1 w\ld appe> ( a gigantic size1 b :i*1 comp>$ to ,etna1 are m]e mole-hills4 ,la/ly1 ! eye contemplates ) admiration ! l[] region1 ! mo/ ext5sive ( ! ?ree1 adorn$ ) elegant villas & ca/les1 v]dant hills & fl[]y fields1 & t]m9at$ by ! ext5sive coa/1 :]e to ! s\? /&s ! beautiful city ( ,catania1 to :i* ! waves ( ! neighbor+ sea s]ve z a mirror4 ,etna has be5 celebrat$ z a volcano f ! remote/ antiquity4 ,eruptions are record$ by ,diodorus ,siculus1 z hav+ happ5$ five hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,trojan w>1 or sixte5 hundr$ & n9ety-?ree ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 8,etna ro>s ) dreadful ru9s nigh1 ,n[ hurls a bur/+ cl\d ( c9d]s high1 ,involv$ 9 smoky :irlw9ds to ! sky2 ,) l\d displosion to ! />ry frame1 ,%oots fi]y globes1 & furi\s floods ( flame3 ,n[ f h] bell[+ cav]ns bur/ away ,va/ piles ( melt$ rocks 9 op5 day4 ,h] %att]$ entrails wide ! m\nta9 ?r[s1 ,& deep z hell h] flam+ c5t] gl[s40--,,w>ton4 ,9 #affi1 ! torr5t ( burn+ lava inundat$ a space f\rte5 miles 9 l5g?1 & f\r 9 bread?1 bury+ b5ea? x "p ( ,catania1 till at l5g? x precipitat$ itself into ! sea4 ,= sev]al mon?s be=e ! lava broke out1 ! old m\?1 or great crat] ( ! summit1 0 obs]v$ to s5d =? mu* smoke & flame1 & ! top _h fall5 91 s t ! m\nta9 0 mu* l[]$4 ,eighte5 days be=e1 ! sky 0 v ?ick & d>k1 ) ?und]1 lightn+1 frequ5t concussions ( ! e>?1 & dreadful subt]rane\s bell[+s4 ,on ! elev5? ( ,m>*1 ab\t sunset1 an imm5se gulf op5$ 9 ! m\nta91 into :i* :5 /ones 7 ?r[n1 !y c\ld n be he>d to /rike ! bottom4 ,ignit$ rocks1 fifte5 feet 9 l5g?1 7 hurl$ to ! di/ance ( a mile2 :ile o!rs ( a small] size 7 c>ri$ ?ree miles4 ,dur+ ! night1 ! r$-hot lava bur/ out ( a v9ey>d tw5ty miles bel[ ! great crat]1 & asc5d$ into ! air to a consid]able hight4 ,9 its c\rse1 x de/roy$ five ?\s& habitations1 & fill$ up a lake sev]al fa?oms deep4 ,x %ortly aft] rea*$ ,catania1 rose ov] ! walls1 :5ce x ran = a consid]able l5g? into ! sea1 =m+ a safe & beautiful h>bor1 :i* 01 h[ev]1 soon fill$ up by a simil> torr5t ( inflam$ matt]4 ,?is is ! /ream1 ! hide\s de=mity ( :i*1 devoid ( vegetation1 /ill disfigures ! s\? & we/]n bord]s ( ,catania1 & on :i* "p ( ! noble mod]n city is built4 ,! %[]s ( scori & s& :i*1 aft] a lapse ( two days1 foll[$ ?is eruption1 =m$ a m\nta9 call$ ,monte ,rosso1 hav+ a base ( ab\t two miles1 & a p]p5dicul> hight ( sev5 hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,on ! tw5ty-fif?1 ! :ole m\nta91 ev5 to ! mo/ elevat$ peak1 0 agitat$ by a trem5d\s e>?quake4 ,! highe/ crat] ( ,etna1 :i* 0 "o ( ! l(tie/ p>ts ( ! m\nta91 !n sunk into ! volcanic gulf1 & 9 ! place :i* x _h occupi$1 !re n[ appe>$ no?+ b a wide gulf1 m ?an a mile 9 ext5t1 f :i* issu$ enorm\s quantities ( smoke1 a%es & /ones4 ,9 #ahji1 twelve new crat]s op5$ ab\t half-way d[n ! m\nta91 & ?rew out riv]s ( burn+ lava1 by :i* sev]al e/ates 7 cov]$ to ! dep? ( ?irty or =ty feet2 & dur+ ?ree or f\r successive nights1 a v l>ge riv] ( r$-hot lava 0 di/9ctly se51 9 its :ole ext5t1 runn+ d[n f ! m\nta94 ,9 #ahaa1 sev]al m\?s op5$ on ! ea/]n side ( ! m\nta93 be+ ne>ly 9 ! same l9e1 & at equal di/ances1 !y pres5t$ to ! view a /rik+ spectacle2 torr5ts ( burn+ matt]1 dis*>g$ ) ! greate/ =ce f ! int]ior ( ! volcano1 illum9at$ ! horizon to a great ext5t4 ,an imm5se quantity ( matt]1 :i* 0 driv5 to consid]able di/ances1 0 dis*>g$ f ^! ap]tures1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* cont9u$ = sev]al mon?s to emit torr5ts ( fire4 ,ev5 at ! "t :5 x _h ! appe>ance ( be+ *ok$1 !re sudd5ly issu$ f x cl\ds ( a%es1 :i* desc5d$1 9 ! =m ( ra91 on ! city ( ,catania & its environs1 z well z on ! fields situat$ at a v consid]able di/ance4 ,a ro>+1 resembl+ t ( a sea 9 ! mid/ ( a tempe/1 0 he>d to proce$ f ! int]ior ( ! m\nta92 & ?is s\nd1 accompani$ f "t to "t by dreadful explosions1 resembl+ ?und]1 re*o$ ?r\gh ! valleys1 & spread t]ror on e side4 ,,m\nt ,,vesuvius4 8,! fluid lake t works bel[1 ,bitum51 sulphur1 salt1 & iron scum1 ,heaves up its boil+ tide4 ,! lab'r+ m\nt ,is torn ) agoniz+ ?roes4 ,at once1 ,=? f its sides disp>t$1 blaz+ p\rs ,a mighty riv]2 burn+ 9 prone waves1 ,t glimm] ?r\gh ! night1 to yond] pla94 ,divid$ !re1 a hundr$ torr5t /reams1 ,ea* pl[+ up its b$1 roll dreadful on1 ,resi/less4 ,villages1 & woods1 & rocks1 ,fall flat be=e _! sweep4 ,! region r\nd1 ,:]e myrtle-walks & groves ( gold5 fruit ,rose fair2 :]e h>ve/ wav'd 9 all its pride2 ,& :]e ! v9ey>d spread its purple /ore1 ,matur+ into nect>2 n[ despoil$ ,( h]b1 leaf1 fruit & fl[]1 f end to end ,lies buri$ "u fire1 a gl[+ sea60--,,mallet4 ,?is celebrat$ volcano1 :i* has = s _m ages attract$ ! att5tion ( mank9d1 & ! desolat+ eruptions ( :i* h be5 s (t5 & s fatally exp]i5c$1 is di/ant1 9 an ea/]n direction1 ab\t sev5 miles f ,naples4 ,x rises1 insulat$1 ^u a va/ & well cultivat$ pla91 pres5t+ two summits on ! same base1 9 :i* p>ticul> x resembles ,m\nt ,p>nassus4 ,"o ( ^!1 ,la ,somma1 is g5]ally agre$ to h be5 ! ,vesuvius ( ,/rabo & ! anci5ts2 ! o!r1 hav+ ! greate/ elevation1 is ! m\? ( ! volcano1 :i* almo/ con/antly emits smoke4 ,its hight above ! level ( ! sea1 is ?irty-n9e hundr$ feet1 & x may be asc5d$ by ?ree diff]5t r\tes1 :i* are all v /eep & difficult1 f ! conical =m ( ! m\nta91 & ! loose a%es :i* slip f "u ! feet3 /ill1 f ! base to ! summit1 ! di/ance is n m ?an ?ree ,italian miles4 ,! circumf]5ce ( ! plat=m on ! top1 is five ?\s& & tw5ty-f\r feet1 or ne>ly a mile4 ,!nce may be se5 ,portici1 ,capra1 ,is*ia1 ,pausilippo1 & ! :ole coa/ ( ! gulf ( ,naples1 bord]$ ) orange-trees3 ! prospect is t ( ,p>adise se5 f ! inf]nal regions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,vesuvius4 ,on approa*+ ! m\nta91 its aspect does n convey any impression ( t]ror1 nor is x gloomy1 be+ cultivat$ = m ?an two-?irds ( its hight1 & hav+ its br[n top alone b>r54 ,!re all v]dure ceases2 yet1 :5 x appe>s cov]$ ) cl\ds1 :i* sometimes encompass its middle only1 ?is circum/ance r adds to ?an detracts f ! magnific5ce ( ! spectacle4 ,^u ! lavas :i* ! volcano long ago eject$1 & :i*1 l great furr[s1 ext5d into ! pla9 & to ! sea1 are built h\ses1 villages & t[ns4 ,g>d5s1 v9ey>ds & cultivat$ fields surr\nd !m2 b a s5tim5t ( sorr[1 bl5d$ ) appreh5sions ab\t ! future1 arises on ! recollection t1 b5ea? a soil s fruitful & s smil+1 lie edifices1 g>d5s & :ole t[ns swall[$ up4 ,portici re/s ^u ,h]culaneum2 its environs ^u ,res9a2 & at a little di/ance is ,pompeii1 9 ! /reets ( :i*1 aft] m ?an sev5te5 c5turies ( non-exi/5ce1 ! a/oni%$ travel] n[ walks4 ,aft] a long int]val ( repose1 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! reign ( ,titus1 7! sev5ty-n9? ( ! ,*ri/ian era17 ! volcano sudd5ly broke out1 eject+ ?ick cl\ds ( a%es & pumice-/ones1 b5ea? :i* ,h]culaneum1 ,/abia & ,pompeii 7 completely buri$4 ,?is eruption 0 fatal to ! eld] ,pl9y1 ! hi/orian1 :o fell a victim to 8 humanity & love ( sci5ce4 ,ev5 at ?is day1 9 speak+ ( ,vesuvius1 ! remembrance ( 8 untimely dea? excites a melan*oly regret4 ,all ! coa/ to ! ea/ ( ! gulf ( ,naples 01 on ! above occasion1 ravag$ & de/roy$1 pres5t+ no?+ b a long succession ( eject$ matt]s f ,h]culaneum to ,/abia4 ,! de/ruction did n ext5d to ! we/]n "p1 b /opp$ at ,naples1 :i* suff]$ comp>atively little4 ,?irty-eight eruptions ( ,vesuvius are record$ 9 hi/ory up to ! ye> #ahjf4 ,t ( #aggi1 has be5 describ$ by ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 z among ! mo/ rem>kable1 f its extraord9>y & t]rific appe>ance4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ,july1 ! m\nta9 0 9 a /ate ( consid]able f]m5tation1 subt]rane\s explosions & rumbl+ noises be+ he>d1 & quantities ( smoke ?r[n up ) great viol5ce1 sometimes ) r$-hot /ones1 scori1 & a%es4 ,on ! fif? ( ,augu/1 ! volcano 0 greatly agitat$1 a :ite sulphur\s smoke1 app>5tly f\r times ! hight & size ( ! volcano itself1 issu+ f ! crat]1 at ! same "t t va/ quantities ( /ones1 c41 7 ?r[n up to ! suppos$ hight ( two ?\s& feet4 ,! liquid lava1 hav+ cle>$ ! rim ( ! crat]1 fl[$ d[n ! sides ( ! m\nta9 to ! di/ance ( f\r miles4 ,! air 0 d>k5$ by %[]s ( r$di% a%es1 bl5d$ ) long filam5ts ( a vitrifi$ matt] resembl+ glass4 ,on ! sev5?1 at midnight1 a f\nta9 ( fire %ot up f ! crat] to an incr$ible hight1 ca/+ s bright a light1 t ! smalle/ objects 7 cle>ly di/+ui%able at any place )9 six miles ( ! volcano4 ,on ! foll[+ ev5+1 aft] a trem5d\s explosion1 :i* broke ! w9d[s ( ! h\ses at ,portici1 ano!r f\nta9 ( liquid fire rose to ! surpris+ hight ( t5 ?\s& feet1 7ne>ly two miles17 :ile puffs ( ! blacke/ smoke accompani$ ! r$-hot lava1 int]rupt+ its spl5did brightness "h & !re by pat*es ( ! d>ke/ hue4 ,! lava 0 p>tly direct$ by ! w9d t[>d ,ottaiano1 on :i* s ?ick a %[] ( a%es1 bl5d$ ) va/ pieces ( scori1 fell1 t _h x be5 ( long] cont9uance1 t t[n w\ld h %>$ ! fate ( ,pompeii4 ,x took fire 9 sev]al places2 & _h !re be5 mu* w9d1 ! inhabitants w\ld h be5 burn$ 9 _! h\ses1 x be+ impossible = !m to /ir out4 ,to add to ! horror ( ! sc5e1 incessant volcanic lightn+ d>t$ ?r\gh ! black cl\d t surr\nd$ !m1 :ile ! sulphure\s smell & heat w\ld sc>cely all[ !m to draw _! brea?4 ,9 ?is dreadful /ate !y rema9$ ne>ly half an h\r4 ,! rema9+ "p ( ! lava1 /ill r$-hot & liquid1 fell on ! top ( ,vesuvius1 & cov]$ its :ole cone1 toge!r ) t ( ,la ,somma1 & ! valley betwe5 !m1 ?us =m+ "o complete body ( fire1 :i* c\ld n be less ?an two miles & a half 9 bread?1 & ca/+ a heat to ! di/ance ( at lea/ six miles ar\nd4 ,! eruption ( #agid is accurately describ$ by ! above writ]2 b has n an equal degree ( int]e/ ) ! "o cit$ above4 ,we subjo9 a few p>ticul>s1 among :i* is a circum/ance well des]v+ notice1 z x leads to an e/imate ( ! degree ( heat 9 volcanoes4 ,sir ,william says t al?\gh ! t[n ( ,torre del ,greco 0 in/antly surr\nd$ ) r$-hot lava1 ! inhabitants sav$ !mselves by com+ out ( ! tops ( _! h\ses on ! foll[+ day4 ,x is evid5t1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,kirwan1 t if ?is lava _h be5 hot en\gh to melt ev5 ! mo/ fusible /ones1 ^! p]sons mu/ h be5 suffocat$4 ,?is eruption happ5$ on ! fifte5? ( ,june1 at t5 o'clock at night1 & 0 ann\nc$ by a %ock ( an e>?quake1 :i* 0 di/9ctly felt at ,naples4 ,at ! same mom5t a f\nta9 ( bright fire1 att5d$ ) a v black smoke & a l\d report1 0 se5 to issue1 & rise to a consid]able hight1 f ab\t ! middle ( ! cone ( ,vesuvius4 ,x 0 ha/ily succe$$ by o!r f\nta9s1 fifte5 ( :i* 7 c\nt$1 all 9 a direct l9e1 t5d+ = ! space ( ab\t a mile & a half d[nw>d1 t[>d ! t[ns ( ,res9a & ,torre del ,greco4 ,?is fi]y sc5e1 ?is great op]ation ( nature1 0 accompani$ by ! l\de/ ?und]1 ! incessant reports ( :i*1 l ^? ( a num]\s heavy artill]y1 7 att5d$ by a cont9u$ holl[ murmur1 simil> to t ( ! ro>+ ( ! ocean dur+ a viol5t /orm4 ,ano!r bl[+ noise resembl$ t ( ! asc5t ( a l>ge flight ( rockets4 ,! h\ses at ,naples 7 = sev]al h\rs 9 a con/ant tremor1 ! doors & w9d[s %ak+ & rattl+ incessantly1 & ! bells r++4 ,at ?is awful mom5t ! sky1 f a bright full moon & />light1 became obscur$2 ! moon seem$ eclips$1 & 0 soon lo/ 9 obscurity4 ,! murmur ( ! pray]s & lam5tations ( a num]\s population1 =m+ v>i\s processions1 & p>ad+ ! /reets1 add$ to ! horrors ( ! sc5e4 ,on ! foll[+ day a new m\? 0 op5$ on ! opposite side ( ! m\nta91 fac+ ! t[n ( ,ottaiano3 f ?is ap]ture a consid]able /ream ( lava issu$1 & ran ) great velocity ?r\gh a wood1 :i* x burnt2 b x /opp$1 aft] hav+ run ab\t ?ree miles 9 a few h\rs1 be=e x rea*$ ! v9ey>ds & cultivat$ l&s4 ,! lava :i* _h fl[$ f sev]al new m\?s on ! s\? side ( ! m\nta91 rea*$ ! sea into :i* x ran1 aft] hav+ ov]:elm$1 burnt & de/roy$ ! great] "p ( ,torre del ,greco1 ?r\gh ! c5t] ( :i* x took its c\rse4 ,?is t[n conta9$ ab\t eighte5 ?\s& inhabitants1 all ( :om escap$1 ) ! exception ( ab\t fifte51 :o ?r\gh age or infirmity1 7 ov]:elm$ 9 _! h\ses by ! lava4 ,its rapid progress 0 su*1 t _! goods & effects 7 entirely ab&on$4 ,x 0 asc]ta9$ "s "t aft]1 t a consid]able "p ( ! crat] _h fall5 91 s z to h giv5 a great ext5sion to ! m\? ( ,vesuvius1 :i* 0 conjectur$ to be ne>ly two miles 9 circumf]5ce4 ,?is s9k+ ( ! crat] 0 *iefly on ! we/ side1 opposite ,naples1 &1 9 all probability1 occurr$ e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( ! eighte5?1 :5 a viol5t %ock ( an e>?quake 0 felt at ,res9a1 & o!r places situat$ at ! foot ( ! volcano4 ,! cl\ds ( smoke :i* issu$ f ! n[ widely ext5d$ m\? ( ,vesuvius1 7 ( su* a d5sity z to appe> to =ce _! passage ) ! utmo/ difficulty4 ,"o cl\d heap$ itself on ano!r1 &1 succe$+ ea* o!r incessantly1 !y =m$ 9 a few h\rs su* a gigantic & elevat$ column1 ( ! d>ke/ hue1 ov] ! m\nta91 z seem$ to ?reat5 ,naples ) imm$iate de/ruction1 x hav+ at "o "t be5 b5t ov] ! city1 & appe>+ to be mu* too massive & pond]\s to rema9 long susp5d$ 9 ! air4 ,f ! above "t1 till #ahjd1 ,vesuvius rema9$ 9 a /ate ( almo/ con/ant tranquillity4 ,symptoms ( a fre% eruption _h manife/$ !mselves = sev]al mon?s1 :5 at l5g? on ! night ( ! elev5? ( ,augu/1 a deep ro>+ 0 he>d at ! h]mitage ( ,salvador1 & ! places adjac5t to ! m\nta91 accompani$ by %ocks ( an e>?quake1 :i* 7 s5sibly felt at ,res9a4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+1 at noon1 a ?ick black smoke rose f ! m\? ( ! crat]1 :i*1 dilat+ prodigi\sly1 cov]$ ! :ole volcano4 ,9 ! ev5+1 l\d explosions 7 he>d2 & at ,naples a column ( fire 0 se5 to rise f ! ap]ture1 c>ry+ up /ones 9 a /ate ( complete ignition1 :i* fell aga9 into ! crat]4 ,! noise by :i* ^! igne\s explosions 7 accompani$1 resembl$ ! ro>+ ( ! mo/ dreadful tempe/ & ! :i/l+ ( ! mo/ furi\s w9ds2 :ile ! cel]ity ) :i* ! sub/ances 7 eject$ 0 su*1 t ! fir/ emission _h n t]m9at$ :5 x 0 succe$$ by a second4 ,small monticules 7 at ?is "t =m$ ( a fluid matt]1 resembl+ a vitre\s pa/e ( a r$ color1 :i* fl[$ f ! m\? ( ! crat]2 & ^! became m consid]able 9 proportion z ! matt] accumulat$4 ,9 ?is /ate ! eruption cont9u$ = sev]al days1 ! fire be+ equally int5se1 ) frequ5t & dreadful noises4 ,on ! tw5ty-eigh?1 amid ^! fe>ful symptoms1 ano!r ap]ture1 eject+ fire & /ones1 situat$ beh9d ! crat]1 0 se5 f ,naples4 ,! burn+ mass ( lava :i* escap$ f ! crat] on ! foll[+ day1 0 di/+ui%$ f ,torre del ,greco1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( a vitre\s fluid1 & advanc+ t[>d ! base ( ! m\nta9 betwe5 ! s\? & s\?-we/4 ,x rea*$ ! base on ! ?irtie?1 hav+ fl[$ f ! ap]ture1 9 less ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 a di/ance ( ?ree ?\s& & fifty-?ree feet1 :ile its mean bread? appe>$ to be ab\t ?ree hundr$ & fifty1 b at ! base1 eight hundr$ & sixty feet4 ,9 its c\rse x divid$ into f\r bran*es1 & f9ally rea*$ a spot call$ ! ,guide's ,retreat4 ,its entire progress to ?is po9t 0 m ?an a mile1 s t1 tak+ a mean proportion1 ?is lava fl[$ at ! rate ( eighty-six feet an h\r4 ,at ! "t ( ?is eruption1 ,kotzebue 0 at ,naples4 ,vesuvius lay opposite to 8 w9d[1 & :5 x 0 d>k he c\ld cle>ly p]ceive 9 :at mann] ! masses ( fire roll$ d[n ! m\nta94 ,z long z any glimm]+ ( light rema9$1 t "p ( ! m\nta9 0 to be se5 on ! declivity ( :i* ! lava =m$ a /raight b oblique l9e4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z x 0 p]fectly d>k1 & ! m\nta9 itself _h vani%$ f ! eye1 x seem$ z if a comet ) a long tail /ood 9 ! sky4 ,! spectacle 0 awful & gr&6 ,kotzebue asc5d$ ! m\nta9 on ! morn+ succe$+ ! op5+ ( a new gulf1 & approa*$ ! crat] z ne>ly z prud5ce w\ld all[4 ,f its c5t] asc5d$ ! sulphur\s yell[ cone :i* ! eruption ( ?is ye> _h =m$3 on ! o!r side1 a ?ick smoke p]petually arose f ! abyss op5$ dur+ ! prec$+ night4 ,! side ( ! crat] opposite to him1 :i* rose consid]ably high] ?an t on :i* he /ood1 af=d$ a s+ul> aspect2 = x 0 cov]$ ) little pill>s ( smoke1 :i* bur/ =? f x1 & _h "s resemblance to ext+ui%$ lights4 ,! air ov] ! crat] 0 actually embodi$1 & 0 cle>ly to be se5 9 a tremul\s motion4 ,bel[1 ! volcano boil$ & ro>$ dreadfully1 l ! mo/ viol5t hurricane2 b occasionally a sudd5 deadly /illness ensu$ = "s mom5ts1 aft] :i* ! ro>+ r5ew$ ) d\ble vehem5ce1 & ! smoke bur/ =? 9 ?ick] & black] cl\ds4 ,x 01 he obs]ves1 z if ! _s ( ! m\nta9 _h sudd5ly tri$ to /op ! gulf1 :ile ! flames indignantly refus$ to endure ! conf9em5t4 ,x is rem>kable1 t ! great eruption ( #ahje1 happ5$ on ! twelf? ( ,augu/1 )9 a day ( t ( ! prec$+ ye>4 ,subt]rane\s noises _h be5 previ\sly he>d1 & a g5]al appreh5sion ( "s viol5t commotion prevail+1 ! inhabitants ( ,torre del ,greco & ,annunciada _h left _! homes1 ?r\gh ! appreh5sion ( a %[] ( fire & a%es1 simil> to t :i* buri$ ,pompeii4 ,! /ream ( lava took ! same c\rse ) t ( #agid1 describ$ above1 "o ( ! arms foll[+ ! direction ( ! great road1 & roll+ t[>d ! sea4 ,! /ream soon divid$ aga91 & spread+ itself ) an increas$ cel]ity1 swept away _m h\ses & ! f9e/ plantations4 ,! o!r bran*1 at fir/1 took ! direction ( ,portici1 :i* 0 ?reat5$2 b turn+1 & jo9+ ! prec$+ "o1 =m$ a sort ( islet ( boil+ lava 9 ! middle1 bo? end+ 9 ! sea1 & compos+ a promontory ( volcanic matt]s4 ,9 ! space ( tw5ty m9utes ! :ole ext5t ( gr\nd :i* ! lava occupi$ 0 on fire1 (f]+ a t]rible yet s+ul> spectacle1 z ! burn+ trees pres5t$ ! aspect ( :ite flames1 9 contra/ ) ^? ( ! volcanic matt]s1 :i* 7 r$4 ,! lava swept along ) x enorm\s masses ( :atev] occurr$ 9 its c\rse1 &1 on its rea*+ ! sea1 no?+ 0 to be se5 or he>d = a great ext5t ( %ore1 beside ! boil+ & hiss+ aris+ f ! conflict ( ! wat] & fire4 ,x rema9s n[ to introduce a slight notice ( ! eruption ( #ahjf1 :i*1 )\t any s5sible indication1 took place on ! ev5+ ( ! ?irty-fir/ ( ,may1 :5 a bright flame rose f ! m\nta9 to ! hight ( ab\t six hundr$ feet1 s9k+ & ris+ alt]nately1 & af=d+ s cle> a light1 t a lett] might h be5 read at ! di/ance ( a league ar\nd ! m\nta94 ,on ! foll[+ morn+1 )\t any e>?quake prec$+1 z _h be5 cu/om>y1 ! volcano began to eject inflam$ sub/ances f ?ree new m\?s1 pretty ne> to ea* o!r1 & ab\t six hundr$ & fifty feet f ! summit4 ,! lava took ! direction ( ,torre del ,greco & ,annunciada1 approa*+ ,portici1 on ! road lead+ f ,naples to ,pompeii4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! second ( ,june1 a noise 0 he>d1 resembl+ t ( two armies engag$1 :5 ! dis*>ges ( artill]y & musketry are v brisk4 ,! curr5t ( lava n[ resembl$ a wall ( glass 9 a /ate ( fusion1 sp>ks & fla%es issu+ f x f "t to "t1 ) a p[]ful detonation4 ,v9es1 trees1 h\ses--:atev] objects1 9 %ort1 x enc\nt]$ on its way1 7 in/antly ov]?r[n or de/roy$4 ,9 "o "p1 :]e x met ) ! resi/ance ( a wall1 x =m$ a cascade ( fire4 ,9 a few days ,portici1 ,res9a1 & ,torre del ,greco1 7 cov]$ ) a%es ?r[n out by ! volcano2 & on ! n9?1 ! two =m] places 7 delug$ ) a ?ick black ra91 consi/+ ( a species ( mud fill$ ) sulphur\s p>ticles4 ,on ! fir/ ( ,july1 ! anci5t crat] _h :olly disappe>$1 be+ fill$ ) a%es & lava1 & a new "o 0 =m$ 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! m\nta91 ab\t six hundr$ feet 9 dep?1 & hav+ ab\t ! same wid? at ! op5+4 ,sev]al p]sons1 on ! above day1 desc5d$ ab\t half-way d[n ?is new m\?1 & rema9$ half an h\r v ne> ! flames1 admir+ ! spectacle pres5t$ by ! liquid lava1 :i* bubbl$ up at ! bottom ( ! crat]1 l ! fus$ matt] 9 a glass-h\se4 ,?is eruption cont9u$ until ,septemb]1 made great ravages1 & 0 consid]$ z "o ( ! mo/ t]rible t _h occurr$ 9 ! memory ( ! inhabitants4 ,,m\nt ,,hecla4 ,see cut1 page #bi4 8,/ill press+ on b5ea? ,tornea's lake1 ,& ,hecla flam+ ?r\gh a wa/e ( sn[1 ,& f>!/ ,gre5l&1 to ! pole itself1 ,:]e1 fall+ gradual1 life at l5g? goes out1 ,! ,muse exp&s h] solit>y flight2 ,& hov'r+ o'er ! wide /up5d\s sc5e1 ,beholds new sc5es b5ea? ano!r sky4 ,?ron$ 9 8 palace ( c]ulean ice1 ,"h ,w9t] holds 8 unrejoic+ c\rt1 ,& ?r\gh 8 airy hall ! l\d misrule ,( driv+ tempe/ is =ev] he>d2 ,"h ! grim tyrant m$itates 8 wra?2 ,"h arms 8 w9ds ) all-subdu+ fro/1 ,molds 8 fi]ce hail1 & treasures up 8 sn[s40 ,on proce$+ along ! s\!rn coa/ ( ,icel&1 & at an inconsid]able di/ance f ,skalholt1 ,m\nt ,hecla1 ) its ?ree summits1 pres5ts itself to ! view4 ,its hight is five ?\s& feet1 or ne>ly a mile above ! level ( ! sea4 ,x is n a promontory1 b lies ab\t f\r miles inl&4 ,x is nei!r s elevat$ nor s picturesque z sev]al ( ! surr\nd+ ,icel&ic m\nta9s2 b has be5 m notic$ ?an _m o!r volcanoes ( an equal ext5t1 p>tly ?r\gh ! frequ5cy ( its eruptions1 & p>tly f its situation1 :i* exposes x to ! view ( _m %ips sail+ to ,gre5l& & ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! surr\nd+ t]ritory has be5 s deva/at$ by ^! eruptions1 t x has be5 des]t$4 8,va/ regions dre>y1 bleak & b>e6 ,!re on an icy m\nta9's hight1 ,se5 only by ! moon's pale light ,/]n ,w9t] re>s 8 giant =m1 ,8 robe a mi/1 8 life a /orm3 ,8 fr[n ! %iv'r+ nations fly1 ,&1 hid = half ! ye>1 9 smoky cav]ns lie40 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,hecla ,,& ,,! ,,geys]s4 ,! natives ass]t t x is impossible to asc5d ! m\nta91 on acc\nt ( ! great numb] ( dang]\s bogs1 :i*1 accord+ to !m1 are con/antly emitt+ sulphur\s flames & exhal+ smoke2 :ile ! m elevat$ summit 9 ! c5t] is cov]$ ) boil+ spr+s & l>ge crat]s1 :i* cont9ually propel fire & smoke4 ,to ! s\? & we/ ! environs pres5t ! mo/ desolat+ results ( frequ5t eruptions1 ! f9e/ "p ( ! t]ritory be+ cov]$ by torr5ts ( melt$ /one1 s&1 a%es1 & o!r volcanic matt]2 not)/&+ :i*1 betwe5 ! s9uosities ( ! lava 9 diff]5t p>ts1 "s portion ( mead[s1 walls & brok5 h$ges may be obs]v$4 ,! deva/ation is /ill great] on ! nor? & ea/ sides1 :i* pres5t dreadful traces ( ! ru9 ( ! c\ntry & its habitations4 ,nei!r plants nor grass are to be met ) to ! ext5t ( two leagues r\nd ! m\nta91 9 consequ5ce ( ! soil be+ cov]$ ) /ones & lava2 & 9 "s p>ts1 :]e ! subt]rane\s fire has brok5 out a second "t1 or :]e ! matt] :i* 0 n entirely consum$ has aga9 become ignit$1 ! fire has contribut$ to =m small r$ & black hillocks & em95ces1 f scori1 pumice-/ones & a%es4 ,! ne>] ! m\nta9 ! l>g] are ^! hillocks1 & !re are "s ( !m1 ! summits ( :i* =m a circul> holl[1 :5ce ! subt]rane\s fire ejects ! matt]4 ,on approa*+ ,hecla ! gr\nd becomes almo/ impassable1 p>ticul>ly ne> ! high] bran*es ( lava ?r[n f ! volcano4 ,r\nd ! latt] is a m\nta9 ( lava1 consi/+ ( l>ge fus$ /ones1 f =ty to sev5ty feet high1 & 9 ! =m ( a ramp>t or wall4 ,^! /ones are deta*$1 & *iefly cov]$ ) moss2 :ile betwe5 !m are v deep holes1 s t ! asc5t on ! we/]n side requires great circumspection4 ,! rocks are completely r$uc$ to pumice1 disp]s$ 9 ?9 horizontal lay]s1 & fractur$ 9 e direction1 f :i* "s idea may be =m$ ( ! int5sity ( ! fire t has act$ on !m4 8,!re ,w9t]1 arm$ ) t]rors "h unkn[n1 ,sits absolute on 8 un%ak5 ?rone2 ,piles up 8 /ores amid/ ! froz5 wa/e1 ,& bids ! m\nta9s he has built /& fa/2 ,beckons ! legions ( 8 /orms away ,f happi] sc5es to make ! l& a prey2 ,proclaims ! soil a conque/ he has won1 ,& scorns to %>e x ) ! di/ant sun40 ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 ,dr4 ,sol&]1 ,dr4 ,james ,l9d1 ( ,ed9burgh1 & ,dr4 ,van ,troil1 a ,sw$e1 7 ! e>lie/ adv5tur\s travel]s :o asc5d$ to ! summit ( ,m\nt ,hecla4 ,?is 0 9 #aggb2 & ! attempt 0 facilitat$ by a prec$+ eruption 9 #agff1 :i* _h greatly dim9i%$ ! /eepness & difficulty ( ! asc5t4 ,on _! fir/ l&+1 !y f\nd a tract ( l& sixty or sev5ty miles 9 ext5t1 entirely ru9$ by lava1 :i* appe>$ to h be5 9 a /ate ( complete liquefaction4 ,to accompli% _! und]tak+1 !y _h to travel f ?ree hundr$ to ?ree hundr$ & sixty miles ov] un9t]rupt$ tracts ( lava4 ,9 asc5d+1 !y 7 oblig$ to quit _! horses at ! fir/ op5+ f :i* ! fire _h bur/3 a spot1 :i* !y describe z pres5t+ l(ty glaz$ walls & high glaz$ cliffs1 diff]+ f any?+ !y _h ev] se5 be=e4 ,at ano!r op5+ above1 !y fanci$ !y disc]n$ ! effects ( boil+ wat]2 & n f> f !nce1 ! m\nta91 ) ! exception ( "s b>e spots1 0 cov]$ ) sn[4 ,! diff]5ce ( aspect !y soon p]ceiv$ to be occasion$ by ! hot vapor asc5d+ f ! m\nta94 ,! high] !y proce$$1 ! l>g] ^! spots became2 &1 ab\t two hundr$ y>ds bel[ ! summit1 a hole ab\t a y>d & a half 9 diamet]1 0 obs]v$1 :5ce issu$ s hot a /ream1 t !y c\ld n measure ! degree ( heat ) a !rmomet]4 ,! cold n[ began to be v int5se4 ,fahr5heit's !rmomet]1 :i* at ! foot ( ! m\nta9 0 at fifty-f\r degrees1 fell to tw5ty-f\r degrees2 :ile ! w9d became s viol5t1 t !y 7 sometimes oblig$ to lie d[n1 f a dread ( be+ bl[n into ! mo/ dreadful precipices4 ,on ! summit itself !y exp]i5c$1 at "o & ! same "t1 a high degree ( heat & cold2 =1 9 ! air1 ,fahr5heit's !rmomet] con/antly /ood at tw5ty-f\r degrees1 b :5 plac$ on ! gr\nd1 x rose to "o hundr$ & fifty-?ree degrees4 ,messrs4 ,olafs5 & ,povels51 two naturali/s1 ^: travels 9 ,icel& 7 und]tak5 by ord] ( 8 ,dani% maje/y1 aft] a fatigu+ j\rney up sev]al small slopes1 :i* occurr$ at int]vals1 & sev5 ( :i* !y _h to pass1 at l5g? rea*$ ! summit ( ,m\nt ,hecla at midnight4 ,x 0 z light z at noonday1 s t !y _h a view ( an imm5se ext5t1 b c\ld p]ceive no?+ b ice2 nei!r fissures1 /reams ( wat]1 boil+ spr+s1 smoke1 nor fire1 7 app>5t4 ,!y survey$ ! glaci]s 9 ! ea/]n "p1 & 9 ! di/ance saw ! high & squ>e m\nta9 ( ,hrdabreid1 an anci5t volcano1 :i* appe>$ l a l>ge ca/le4 ,sir ,g4 ,s4 ,mack5zie1 9 8 travels 9 ,icel&1 asc5d$ ,m\nt ,hecla2 & f 8 acc\nt we extract ! foll[+ int]e/+ p>ticul>s4 ,9 proce$+ to ! s\!rn extremity ( ! m\nta91 he desc5d$1 by a dang]\s pa?1 into a valley1 hav+ a small lake 9 "o corn]1 & ! opposite extremity b\nd$ by a p]p5dicul> face ( rock1 resembl+1 9 its brok5 & rugg$ appe>ance1 a /ream ( lava4 ,:ile advanc+1 ! sun sudd5ly broke ?r\gh ! cl\ds1 & ! brilliant reflection ( 8 beams1 f diff]5t p>ts ( ?is suppos$ lava1 z if f a surface ( glass1 delight$ our travel] by ! in/antane\s conviction t he _h n[ atta9$ "o ( ! pr9cipal objects connect$ ) ! plan ( 8 exp$ition to ,icel&4 ,he ha/5$ to ! spot1 & all 8 wi%es 7 fully accompli%$ 9 ! exam9ation ( an object :i* greatly exce$$ ! expectations he _h =m$4 ,on asc5d+ "o ( ! abrupt p9nacles1 :i* rose out ( ?is extraord9>y mass ( rock1 he beheld a region1 ! desolation ( :i* c sc>cely be p>allel$4 ,fanta/ic gr\ps ( hills1 crat]s1 & lava1 lead+ ! eye to di/ant sn[-cr[n$ 8jockuls10 7inf]ior m\nta9s17 ! mi/ ris+ f a wat]fall2 lakes1 embosom$ among bleak m\nta9s2 an awful pr(\nd sil5ce2 l[]+ cl\ds2 m>ks all ar\nd ( ! furi\s action ( ! mo/ de/ructive ( elem5ts2 all comb9$ to impress ! s\l ) s5sations ( dread & wond]4 ,! long] he & 8 companions contemplat$ ?is sc5e1 ! m unable !y 7 to turn _! eyes f x2 & a consid]able "t elaps$ be=e !y c\ld br+ !mselves to att5d to ! bus9ess :i* _h tempt$ !m to ent] s frightful a di/rict ( ! c\ntry4 ,hav+ proce$$ a consid]able di/ance along ! edge ( a /ream ( lava1 a n>r[ "p ( :i* !y cross$1 !y ga9$ ! foot ( ! s\? end ( ,m\nt ,hecla4 ,:ile1 9 asc5d+1 !y _h to pass ov] rugg$ lava1 !y exp]i5c$ no great difficulty 9 advanc+2 b :5 !y rea*$ ! /eepe/ "p ( ! m\nta91 :i* 0 cov]$ ) loose slags1 !y sometimes lo/ at "o /ep by ! yield+ ( ^!1 a space :i* _h be5 ga9$ by sev]al4 ,hav+ pass$ a numb] ( fissures1 by leap+ across "s1 & /epp+ along masses ( slags :i* lay ov] o!rs1 !y at l5g? rea*$ ! summit ( ! fir/ peak4 ,! cl\ds n[ became s ?ick1 t !y began to despair ( be+ able to proce$ any fur!r3 x 01 inde$1 dang]\s ev5 to move2 = ! peak consi/s ( a v n>r[ ridge ( slags1 n m ?an two feet broad1 hav+ a precipice on ea* side1 sev]al hundr$ feet 9 dep?4 ,"o ( ^! precipices =ms ! side ( a va/ holl[1 :i* seems to h be5 "o ( ! crat]s4 ,at l5g? ! sky cle>$ a little1 & enabl$ !m to discov] a ridge bel[1 :i* seem$ to connect ! peak !y _h asc5d$ ) ! middle or pr9cipal "o4 ,!y lo/ no "t 9 avail+ !mselves ( ?is opportunity1 &1 by balanc+ !mselves l rope-danc]s1 succe$$ 9 pass+ along a ridge ( slags1 s n>r[ t !re 0 sc>cely room = _! feet4 ,aft] a %ort1 b v /eep asc5t1 !y ga9$ ! highe/ "p ( ?is celebrat$ m\nta94 ,its e>lie/ eruption is said to h happ5$ 9 #ajjd1 s9ce :i* "t upw>d ( tw5ty h occurr$4 ,t ( #afic 0 ! mo/ dreadful1 & occasion$ t]rible deva/ations1 ! a%es hav+ be5 ?r[n ov] ! isl& 9 e direction1 to ! di/ance ( m ?an "o hundr$ miles4 ,9 #agbh1 a fire broke out among ! surr\nd+ lava2 & also 9 t to ! we/ ( ! volcano1 9 #aged1 :i* la/$ = ?ree days4 ,!re has n be5 any eruption ( lava s9ce #agff2 b = "s ye>s aft]1 flames issu$ f ! volcano4 ,,! ,,geys]s4 ,see cut on page #bi4 8,nor /ops ! re/less fluid1 m\nt+ /ill1 ,?\gh (t amid ?' irrigu\s vale ( spr+s2 ,b to ! m\nta9 c\rt$ by ! s&1 ,t leads x d>kl+ on 9 fai?ful maze1 ,f> f ! p>5t ma91 x boils aga96 ,fre% into day2 & all ! glitt]+ hill ,is bright ) sp\t+ rills4 ,! cry/al treasures ( ! liquid _w1 ,?r\gh ! /irr$ s&s a bubbl+ passage bur/2 ,& well+ out1 ar\nd ! middle /eep1 ,or f ! bottoms ( ! bosom$ hills1 ,9 pure effusion fl[40--,,?omson4 ,^! celebrat$ f\nta9s1 or hot sp\t+ wat] spr+s1 be+ ne>ly connect$ ) ! op]ations ( subt]rane\s fire1 s visible 9 e "p ( ,icel&1 may be prop]ly introduc$ aft] ! description ( ,m\nt ,hecla1 giv5 above4 ,!y are seldom v ne> ! volcanoes1 b are disp]s$ ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 & are ev5 to be f\nd on ! summits ( sev]al ( ! ice m\nta9s4 ,! l>ge/ & mo/ rem>kable ( ^! is situat$ 9 a l>ge field1 ab\t sixte5 miles to ! nor? ( ,skalholt4 ,at a great di/ance f x1 on "o side1 are high m\nta9s cov]$ ) ice1 & on ! o!r ,hecla is se5 ris+ above ! cl\ds1 :ile opposite to x is a ridge ( rocks1 at ! foot ( :i* wat] f "t to "t ru%es =?4 ,at ! di/ance ( a mile & a half1 a l\d ro>+ noise is he>d1 l t ( a torr5t precipitat$ f /up5d\s rocks1 ea* ejection be+ accompani$ by viol5t subt]rane\s detonations4 ,! dep? ( ! op5+ f :i* ! wat] ru%es1 has n be5 asc]ta9$2 b "s seconds elapse be=e a /one ?r[n 9 rea*es ! surface4 ,! ,dani% travel]1 ,olafs51 ass]ts1 t ! wat] rises z high z sixty fa?oms3 :ile ,van ,troil e/imates ! highe/ jet at n m ?an sixty feet3 ! latt] all[s1 h[ev]1 t ! jets may be m elevat$1 p>ticul>ly 9 bad wea!r4 ,! greatness ( ! explosive p[] is ev9c$ by its n only prev5t+ /ones ?r[n 9 f s9k+1 b ev5 =c+ !m up to a v great hight1 toge!r ) ! wat]1 & splitt+ ! pebbles into a ?\s& pieces4 ,! heat 0 f\nd by ,van ,troil to be two hundr$ & twelve degrees ( ,fahr5heit1 ! boil+ po9t4 ,! edges ( ! pipe or bas9 are cov]$ by a co>se /alactitic r9d1 & ! wat] has be5 f\nd to h a petrify+ quality4 ,! op5+ is p]fectly circul>1 9 diamet] n9ete5 feet1 & =ms above1 on ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 a bas9 fifty-n9e feet 9 diamet]1 ! edge ( :i* is n9e feet above ! orifice or hole4 ,9 speak+ ( ! ,geys]s1 or hot sp\t+ spr+s1 ,horreb[ obs]ves1 t if y fill a bottle at "o ( !m1 ! wat] x conta9s w boil ?ree or f\r times1 at ! same "t ) ! wat] 9 ! well4 ,! inhabitants boil _! meat 9 x1 by putt+ ! meat 9 a vessel ( cold wat]1 :i* !y place 9 ! hot spr+4 ,sir ,g4 ,s4 ,mack5zie1 ^: travels 9 ,icel& we h already cit$1 visit$ ! ,geys]s at a season favorable to 8 obs]vations1 ! latt] end ( ,july4 ,he f\nd ! cultivation ( ! surr\nd+ t]ritory mu* high] ?an might h be5 inf]r$ f ! idea g5]ally ent]ta9$ ( ! b>r5 & unproductive /ate ( ,icel&4 ,all ! flat gr\nd 9 t qu>t] ( ! isl& 0 swampy1 b n s mu* s z to imp$e ! progress ( ! p>ty1 :o1 hav+ pass$ sev]al hot spr+s to ! ea/w>d ( ,skalholt1 & o!rs ris+ among ! l[ hills !y _h left to ! "r1 9 proce$+ to ! great ,geys]1 came to a f>m-h\se1 situat$ on a ris+ gr\nd 9 ! mid/ ( ! bogs4 ,"h ! p 7 busily employ$ 9 mak+ hay1 a sc5e :i* af=d$ a pleas+ *ange f ! dre>y solitude !y _h quitt$4 ,! :ole ( ?is ext5sive di/rict1 :i* ab\nds 9 grass1 w\ld1 if dra9$1 our travel] obs]ves1 prove a v ri* pa/ure c\ntry4 ,f>!r on !y came to sev]al cottages at ! foot ( ! m\nta91 r\nd :i* !y turn$1 & came 9 sight ( ! hill hav+ ! ,geys]s at "o ( its sides4 ,?is hill1 9 hight n m ?an ?ree hundr$ feet1 is sep>at$ f ! m\nta91 t[>d ! we/1 by a n>r[ slip ( flat boggy gr\nd1 connect$ ) t :i* ext5ds ov] ! :ole valley4 ,hav+ cross$ ?is bog1 & a small riv] :i* ran ?r\gh x1 ! p>ty came to a f>m-h\se at ! ea/ end ( ! hill1 & arriv$ at a spot :]e ! mo/ wond]ful & awful effects ( subt]rane\s heat are exhibit$4 ,on ! ea/ side ( ! hill !re are sev]al banks ( clay1 f "s ( :i* /eam rises 9 diff]5t places2 & 9 o!rs !re are cavities1 9 :i* wat] boils briskly4 ,9 a few ( ^! cavities1 ! wat] be+ mix$ ) clay1 is ?ick & v>ies 9 color2 b is *iefly r$ & gray4 ,bel[ ^! banks !re is a g5tle & uni=m slope1 compos$ ( matt] :i*1 at "s di/ant p]iod1 has be5 deposit$ by spr+s :i* no long] exi/4 ,! /rata or b$s ?us =m$1 seem$ to h be5 brok5 by %ocks ( e>?quakes1 p>ticul>ly ne> ! great ,geys]4 ,)9 a space n exce$+ a qu>t] ( a mile1 num]\s orifices are se5 9 ! old incru/ations1 f :i* boil+ wat] & /eam issue1 ) diff]5t degrees ( =ce4 ,at ! nor!rn extremity is situat$ ! great ,geys]1 suffici5tly di/+ui%able f ! o!rs by e circum/ance connect$ ) x4 ,on approa*+ ?is spot1 x appe>$ t a m\nt _h be5 =m$ ( irregul>1 r\gh-look+ depositions1 ^u ! anci5t regul> /rata1 ! orig9 ( :i* _h be5 simil>4 ,! slope ( ! latt] has caus$ ! m\nt to spread m on ! ea/ side2 & ! rec5t depositions ( ! wat] may be trac$ till !y co9cide ) !m4 ,! p]p5dicul> hight ( ! m\nt is ab\t sev5 feet1 measur$ f ! highe/ "p ( ! surface ( ! old depositions4 ,f ^! ! matt] compos+ ! m\nt may be readily di/+ui%$1 on ! we/ side1 :]e a disruption has tak5 place4 ,on ! top ( ?is m\nt is a bas91 :i* 0 f\nd to ext5d fifty-six feet 9 "o direction1 & =ty-six 9 ano!r4 ,at a qu>t] be=e ?ree o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 :5 ! p>ty rea*$ ! spot1 !y f\nd ! bas9 full ( hot wat]1 a little ( :i* 0 runn+ ov]4 ,hav+ satisfi$ _! curiosity at t "t1 !y proce$$ to exam9e "s o!r places1 :5ce !y saw wat] asc5d+4 ,above ! great ,geys]1 at a %ort di/ance1 !y came to a l>ge irregul> op5+1 ! beauties ( :i*1 ! writ] obs]ves1 x is h>dly possible to describe4 ,! wat] ) :i* x 0 fill$ 0 z cle> z cry/al1 & p]fectly /ill1 al?\gh ne>ly at ! boil+ po9t4 ,?r\gh x !y saw :ite incru/ations1 =m+ a v>iety ( figures & cavities1 to a great dep?1 & c>ry+ ! eye into a va/ & d>k abyss1 ov] :i* ! cru/ support+ !m =m$ a dome ( an inconsid]able ?ickness2 a circum/ance :i* ?\gh n ( itself agreeable1 contribut$ mu* to ! effects ( ?is awful sc5e4 ,hav+ pit*$ _! t5t at ! di/ance ( ab\t "o hundr$ y>ds f ! ,geys]1 & s arrang$ matt]s t a regul> wat* might be kept dur+ ! night1 ,sir ,g4 ,s4 ,mack5zie took 8 /ation at elev5 o'clock1 & 8 companions lay d[n to sleep4 ,ab\t t5 m9utes be=e twelve he he>d subt]rane\s dis*>ges1 & wak$ 8 fri5ds4 ,! wat] 9 ! bas9 0 greatly agitat$1 & fl[$ ov]1 b !re 0 n any jet4 ,! same occurr$ at half pa/ two4 ,at five m9utes pa/ f\r on ,saturday morn+1 an al>m 0 giv5 by "o ( ! company4 ,z our travel] lay next ! door ( ! t5t1 he in/antly drew aside ! canvas1 :5 at ! di/ance ( little m ?an fifty y>ds1 a mo/ extraord9>y & magnific5t appe>ance pres5t$ itself4 ,f a place !y _h n be=e notic$1 !y saw wat] ?r[n up1 & /eam issu+ ) a trem5d\s noise4 ,!re 0 little wat]2 b ! =ce ) :i* ! /eam escap$1 produc$ a :ite column ( spray & vapor1 at lea/ sixty feet high4 ,!y enjoy$ ?is a/oni%+ & beautiful sight until sev5 o'clock1 :5 x gradually disappe>$4 ,! rema9+ "p ( ! morn+ 0 occupi$ 9 exam9+ ! environs ( ! ,geys]s2 & at e /ep !y receiv$ "s new gratification4 ,foll[+ ! *annel :i* _h be5 =m$ by ! wat] escap+ f ! great bas9 dur+ ! eruptions1 !y f\nd sev]al beautiful & delicate petrifactions4 ,! leaves ( bir* & will[ 7 se5 conv]t$ into :ite /one1 & 9 ! mo/ p]fect /ate ( pres]vation1 e m9ute fib] be+ entire4 ,grass & ru%es 7 9 ! same /ate1 & also masses ( peat4 ,sev]al ( ^! r>e & elegant specim5s 7 br\ght safely to ,great ,brita94 ,on ! outside ( ! m\nt ( ! ,geys]1 ! depositions1 ow+ to ! spla%+ ( ! wat]1 are r\gh & h be5 ju/ly comp>$ to ! heads ( caulifl[]s4 ,!y are ( a yell[i% br[n color1 & are arrang$ ar\nd ! m\nt1 some:at l a circul> flight ( /eps4 ,! inside ( ! bas9 is comp>atively smoo?3 & ! matt] =m+ x is m compact & d5se ?an ! ext]ior cru/2 :5 poli%$ x is n devoid ( beauty1 be+ ( a gray color1 mottl$ ) black & :ite spots & /reaks4 ,! :ite incru/ation =m$ by ! wat] ( ! beautiful cavity be=e describ$1 _h tak5 a v curi\s =m at ! wat]'s edge1 v mu* resembl+ ! capital ( a ,go?ic column4 ,,! ,,sulphur ,,m\nta94 ,?is m\nta9 ( ,icel&1 di/ant ab\t ?ree miles f ! village ( ,krisuvik1 pres5ts a ph5om5on v diff]5t f ! "o :i* has j be5 describ$1 viz41 t ( a ,,caldron ,,( ,,boil+ ,,mud4 ,we extract ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ( ?is s+ul> curiosity f ! relation giv5 by ,sir ,g4 ,s4 ,mack5zie 9 8 travels 9 ,icel&4 ,at ! foot ( ! m\nta9 is a small bank1 compos$ *iefly ( :ite clay & sulphur1 f e "p ( :i* /eam issues4 ,hav+ asc5d$ ?is bank1 a ridge pres5ts itself1 imm$iately b5ea? :i* is a deep holl[1 :5ce a pr(usion ( vapor arises1 ) a confus$ noise ( boil+ & spla%+1 accompani$ by /eam escap+ f n>r[ crevices 9 ! rock4 ,?is holl[1 z well z ! :ole side ( ! m\nta9 opposite1 be+ cov]$ ) sulphur & clay1 x 0 v haz>d\s to walk ov] a s(t & /eam+ surface ( su* a description4 ,! vapor conceal+ ! p>ty f ea* o!r occasion$ mu* uneas9ess2 & !re 0 "s haz>d ( ! cru/ ( sulphur break+1 or ( ! clay s9k+ b5ea? _! feet4 ,!y 7 ?us sev]al times 9 dang] ( be+ scald$1 z inde$1 happ5$ to "o ( ! p>ty1 ,mr4 ,bright1 :o accid5tally plung$ "o ( 8 legs into ! hot clay4 ,:5 ! !rmomet] 0 imm]s$ 9 x1 to ! dep? ( a few in*es1 x g5]ally rose to )9 a few degrees ( ! boil+ po9t4 ,by /epp+ cauti\sly1 & avoid+ e little hole f :i* /eam issu$1 !y soon asc]ta9$ h[ f> !y might v5ture4 ,_! good =tune1 h[ev]1 ,sir ,george obs]ves1 ought n to tempt any p]son to exam9e ?is wond]ful place1 )\t be+ provid$ ) two bo>ds1 ) :i* e "p ( ! banks may be trav]s$ 9 p]fect safety4 ,at ! bottom ( ! holl[1 above describ$1 !y f\nd ! caldron ( mud1 :i* boil$ ) ! utmo/ vehem5ce4 ,!y approa*$ )9 a few y>ds ( x1 ! w9d favor+ !m 9 view+ e "p ( ?is s+ul> sc5e4 ,! mud 0 9 con/ant agitation1 & (t5 ?r[n up to ! hight ( six or eight feet4 ,ne> ?is spot 0 an irregul> space fill$ ) wat]1 boil+ briskly4 ,at ! foot ( ! hill1 9 a holl[ =m$ by a bank ( clay & sulphur1 /eam ru%$ ) great =ce & noise f among ! loose fragm5ts ( rock4 ,9 asc5d+ ! m\nta91 our travel]s met ) a spr+ ( cold wat]1 :i* 0 little to be expect$ 9 su* a place4 ,at a great] elevation1 !y came to a ridge1 compos$ entirely ( sulphur & clay1 jo9+ two summits ( ! m\nta94 ,! smoo? cru/ ( sulphur 0 beautifully cry/alliz$2 & b5ea? x 0 a quantity ( loose granul> sulphur1 :i* appe>$ to be collect+ & cry/alliz+1 z x 0 sublim$ along ) ! /eam4 ,on remov+ ! sulphur\s cru/1 /eam issu$1 & annoy$ ! p>ty s mu*1 t !y c\ld n exam9e ?is place to any dep?4 ,b5ea? ! ridge1 on ! f>!r side ( ?is great b$ ( sulphur1 an abundance ( vapor escap$ ) a l\d noise4 ,hav+ cross$ to ! side ( ! m\nta9 opposite1 !y walk$ to :at is call$ ! pr9cipal spr+4 ,?is 0 a task ( mu* app>5t dang]1 z ! side ( ! m\nta9 to ! ext5t ( ab\t half a mile1 0 cov]$ ) loose clay1 into :i* ! feet ( our travel]s sunk at e /ep4 ,9 _m places !re 0 a ?9 cru/1 b5ea? :i* ! clay 0 wet1 & extremely hot4 ,good =tune att5d$ !m2 & )\t any s]i\s inconv5i5ce1 !y rea*$ ! object !y _h 9 view4 ,a d5se column ( /eam1 mix$ ) a small portion ( wat]1 =c$ its way impetu\sly ?r\gh a crevice 9 a rock1 at ! head ( a n>r[ valley1 or break 9 ! m\nta94 ,! viol5ce ) :i* x ru%$ out 0 s great1 t ! noise1 ?us occasion$1 might (t5 be he>d at ! di/ance ( sev]al miles4 ,dur+ ! night :ile ! p>ty lay 9 _! t5t at ,krisuvik1 !y m ?an once li/5$ to x ) m+l$ awe & a/oni%m5t4 ,beh9d ! column ( vapor 0 a d>k-color$ rock1 :i* add$ to ! sublimity ( ! effect4 8,x is q beyond my p[]10 obs]ves ,sir ,george ,mack5zie1 8to (f] su* a description ( ?is extraord9>y place1 z w\ld convey adequate ideas ( its wond]s1 or ( its t]rors4 ,! s5sations ( a p]son1 ev5 ( firm n]ves1 /&+ on a support :i* feebly su/a9s him1 ov] an abyss :]e1 lit]ally1 fire & brim/one are 9 dreadful & incessant action2 hav+ be=e 8 eyes trem5d\s pro(s ( :at is go+ on b5ea? him2 envelop$ 9 ?ick vapors2 8 e>s /unn$ ) ?und]+ noises--mu/ be exp]i5c$ be=e !y c be und]/ood40 ,,mont ,,blanc4 ,see cut1 page #ch4 8,:5 mid ! lifeless summits pr\d ,( ,alp9e cliffs1 :]e to ! gelid sky ,sn[s pil$ on sn[s 9 w9t'ry torpor lie1 ,! rays div9e ( v]nal ,phbus play2 ,?' awak5$ heaps1 9 /reamlets f on high1 ,r\s$ into action1 lively leap away1 ,glad w>bl+ ?r\gh ! vales1 9 _! new be+ gay40--,,?omson4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mont ,,blanc ,,& ,,! ,,glaci]s4 ,?is m\nta91 9 ,switz]l&1 s nam$ on acc\nt ( its :ite aspect1 belongs to ! great c5tral *a9 ( ! ,alps4 ,x is truly gigantic1 & is ! mo/ elevat$ m\nta9 9 ,europe1 ris+ no less ?an fifte5 ?\s&1 eight hundr$ & sev5ty-two feet1 some:at m ?an ?ree miles1 above ! level ( ! sea1 & f\rte5 ?\s&1 six hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r feet above ! lake ( ,g5eva1 9 its vic9ity4 ,x is encompass$ by ^? wond]ful collections ( sn[ & ice1 call$ glaci]s1 two ( ! pr9cipal ( :i*1 are call$ ,mont ,dol5t & ,triolet4 ,! highe/ "p ( ,mont ,blanc1 nam$ ! ,drom$>y1 is 9 ! %ape ( a compress$ hemisph]e4 ,f t po9t x s9ks gradually1 & pres5ts a k9d ( concave surface ( sn[1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* is a small pyramid ( ice4 ,x !n rises into a second hemisph]e1 :i* is nam$ ! ,middle ,dome2 & !nce desc5ds into ano!r concave surface1 t]m9at+ 9 a po9t1 :i* among o!r names be/[$ on x by ! ,savoy>ds1 is /yl$ 8,dome de ,g\te10 & may be reg>d$ z ! inf]ior dome4 ,! fir/ successful attempt to rea* ! summit ( ,mont ,blanc 0 made 9 ,augu/1 #aghf1 by ,doctor ,pacc>d1 a physician ( ,*am\ny4 ,he 0 l$ to make ! attempt by a guide1 nam$ ,balma1 :o1 9 se>*+ = cry/als1 _h discov]$ ! only practicable r\te by :i* s ardu\s an und]tak+ c\ld be accompli%$4 ,! asc5t occupi$ fifte5 h\rs1 & ! desc5t five1 "u circum/ances ( ! greate/ difficulty2 ! sight ( ! doctor1 & t ( 8 guide1 ,balma1 be+ s affect$ by ! sn[ & w9d1 z to r5d] !m almo/ bl9d1 at ! same "t t ! face ( ea* 0 excoriat$1 & ! lips exce$+ly swell$4 ,on ! fir/ ( ,augu/ ( ! foll[+ ye>1 #aghg1 ! celebrat$ & indefatigable naturali/1 ,m4 de ,saussure1 set out on 8 successful exp$ition1 accompani$ by a s]vant & eighte5 guides1 :o c>ri$ a t5t & mattresses1 toge!r ) ! necess>y accommodations & v>i\s in/rum5ts ( exp]im5tal philosophy4 ,! fir/ night !y pass$ "u ! t5t1 on ! summit ( ! m\nta9 ( ,la ,cote1 f\r ?\s&1 n9e hundr$ & eight-six feet above ! ,priory1 a l>ge village 9 ! vale ( ,*am\ny1 ! j\rney ?i!r be+ exempt f tr\ble or dang]1 z ! asc5t is always ov] turf1 or on ! solid rock2 ?\gh above ?is place x is :olly ov] ice or sn[s4 ,e>ly next morn+ !y trav]s$ ! glaci] ( ,la ,cote1 to ga9 ! foot ( a small *a9 ( rocks1 inclos$ 9 ! sn[s ( ,mont ,blanc4 ,! glaci] is bo? difficult & dang]\s1 be+ int]sect$ by wide1 deep1 irregul> *asms1 :i* frequ5tly c be pass$ only by ?ree bridges ( sn[1 :i* are susp5d$ ov] ! abyss4 ,aft] rea*+ ! ridge ( rocks1 ! track w9ds along a holl[1 or valley1 fill$ ) sn[1 :i* ext5ds nor? & s\? to ! foot ( ! highe/ summit1 & is divid$ at int]vals by enorm\s crevices4 ,^! %[ ! sn[ to be dispos$ 9 horizontal b$s1 ea* ( :i* answ]s to a ye>1 & not)/&+ ! wid? ( ! fissures1 ! dep? c 9 no "p be measur$4 ,at f\r 9 ! aft]noon1 ! p>ty rea*$ ! second ( ! ?ree great plat=ms ( sn[ !y _h to trav]se1 & "h !y encamp$1 at ! hight ( n9e ?\s&1 ?ree hundr$ & twelve feet above ! ,priory1 or twelve ?\s&1 sev5 hundr$ & sixty-eight feet 7ne>ly two miles & a half7 above ! level ( ! sea4 ,f ! c5t] ( ?is plat=m1 inclos$ betwe5 ! f>!/ summit ( ,mont ,blanc on ! s\?1 its high /eps1 or t]races1 on ! ea/1 & ! ,dome de ,g\te on ! we/1 no?+ b sn[ appe>s4 ,x is q pure1 ( a dazzl+ :it5ess1 & on ! high summits pres5ts a s+ul> contra/ ) ! sky1 :i* 9 ^! elevat$ regions is almo/ black4 ,"h no liv+ be+ is to be se52 no appe>ance ( vegetation3 x is ! abode ( cold & sil5ce4 8,:510 obs]ves ,m4 de ,saussure1 8,i repres5t to myself ,dr4 ,pacc>d & ,james ,balma fir/ arriv+1 on ! decl9e ( day1 9 ^! des]ts1 )\t %elt]1 )\t assi/ance1 & ev5 )\t ! c]ta9ty t m5 c\ld live 9 ! places :i* !y propos$ to rea*1 & /ill pursu+ _! c>e] ) un%ak5 intrepidity1 x seems impossible to admire too mu* _! /r5g? ( m9d & _! c\rage40 ,! company dep>t$1 at sev5 ! next morn+1 to trav]se ! ?ird & la/ plat=m1 ! slope ( :i* is extremely /eep1 be+ 9 "s places ?irty-n9e degrees4 ,x t]m9ates 9 precipices on all sides2 & ! surface ( ! sn[ 0 s h>d1 t ^? :o w5t =emo/ 7 oblig$ to cut places = ! feet ) hat*ets4 ,! la/ slope ( all pres5ts no dang]2 b ! air possesses s high a degree ( r>ity1 t ! /r5g? is spe$ily exhau/$1 & on approa*+ ! summit x 0 f\nd necess>y to /op at e fifte5 or sixte5 paces to take brea?4 ,at elev5 !y rea*$ ! top ( ! m\nta91 :]e !y cont9u$ f\r h\rs & a half1 dur+ :i* "t ,m4 de ,saussure enjoy$1 ) rapture & a/oni%m5t1 a view ! mo/ ext5sive z well z ! mo/ rugg$ & sublime 9 nature1 & made ^? obs]vations :i* h r5d]$ ?is exp$ition important to philosophy4 ,a light vapor1 susp5d$ 9 ! l[] regions ( ! air1 conceal$ f ! sight ! l[e/ & mo/ remote objects1 su* z ! pla9s ( ,france & ,lomb>dy2 b ! :ole surr\nd+ assemblage ( high summits appe>$ ) ! greate/ di/9ctness4 ,m4 de ,saussure desc5d$ ) 8 p>ty1 & ! next morn+ rea*$ ,*am\ny1 )\t ! smalle/ accid5t4 ,z !y _h tak5 ! precaution to we> vails ( crape1 _! faces 7 n excoriat$1 nor _! sight debilitat$4 ,! cold 0 n f\nd to be s extremely pi]c+ z x 0 describ$ by ,dr4 ,pacc>d4 ,by exp]im5ts made ) ! hygromet]1 on ! summit ( ! m\nta91 ! air 0 f\nd to conta9 a six? portion only ( ! humidity ( t ( ,g5eva2 & to ?is dryness ( ! air1 ,m4 de ,saussure imputes ! burn+ ?ir/ :i* he & 8 companions exp]i5c$4 ,! balls ( ! electromet] div]g$ ?ree l9es only1 & ! electricity 0 positive4 ,at times ! air seems fill$ ) electricity4 ,a rec5t travel] 7#ahed7 says1 t1 9 ! night1 8 guide hav+ come out f ! cab9 ( ! ,gr& ,mulets1 saw ! ridges ( ! m\nta9 app>5tly all on fire4 ,he imm$iately communicat$ :at he _h obs]v$ to 8 companions1 :o all ru%$ to assure !mselves ( ! fact1 & !n !y saw t ?r\gh ! electricity g5]at$ by ! tempe/1 all ! rocks ( ! ,gr& ,mulets 7 illum9at$4 ,!y f\nd ! same ph5om5on on _! own p]sons4 ,:5 !y rais$ _! arms1 _! f+]s became phosphoresc5t4 ,m4 de ,saussure f\nd x requir$ half an h\r to make wat] boil1 :ile at ,g5eva fifte5 or sixte5 m9utes suffic$1 & twelve or ?irte5 at ! seaside4 ,none ( 8 p>ty discov]$ ! smalle/ diff]5ce 9 ! ta/e or smell ( bread1 w9e1 meat1 fruits or liquors1 z "s travel]s h pret5d$ is ! case at great hights2 b s\nds 7 ( c\rse mu* weak5$1 f ! want ( objects ( reflection4 ,( all ! organs1 t ( respiration 0 mo/ affect$1 ! pulse ( "o ( ! guides beat+ n9ety-eight times 9 a m9ute1 t ( ! s]vant "o hundr$ & twelve1 & t ( ,m4 de ,saussure "o hundr$ & "o2 :ile at ,*am\ny1 ! pulsations respectively 7 =ty-n9e1 sixty1 & sev5ty-two4 ,a few days aft]w>d1 ,mr4 ,beaufoy1 an ,engli% g5tleman1 succe$$ 9 a simil> attempt1 al?\gh x 0 att5d$ ) great] difficulty1 aris+ f enl>gem5ts 9 ! *asms 9 ! ice4 ,a late travel]1 w&]+ amid ! same sublime sc5]y t has be5 describ$1 says3 8,mont ,blanc is cle>ly visible f ,g5eva1 p]haps once 9 ! week1 or ab\t sixty times 9 ! ye>4 ,:5 he is visible1 a walk to ! junction ( ! ,arve & ! ,rhone1 ei!r by ! way ( ! pla9s on ! ,g5evan side1 or by ! hights on ! side t[>d ! s\? ( ,france1 af=ds a wond]ful comb9ation ( sublimity & beauty on ! e>? & 9 ! heav5s4 ,^? sn[y m\nta9 ranges1 s :ite1 s pure1 s dazzl+ 9 ! cle> azure dep?s1 d really look z if !y belong$ to ano!r _w2 z if1 l ! faces ( sup]natural intellig5ces1 !y 7 look+ sadly & /eadfa/ly on our _w1 to speak to u ( !irs4 ,"s ( ^! m\nta9 peaks ( sn[ y c see only ?r\gh ! p]spective ( o!r m\nta9s1 ne>] to y1 & cov]$ ) v]dure1 :i* makes ! sn[y pyramids appe> s di/ant1 s %>ply def9$1 s high up1 s glori\s2 x is inde$ l ! voice ( great tru?s /irr+ ! s\l4 ,z y\r eye foll[s ! range1 !y lie 9 su* glitt]+ masses aga9/ ! horizon1 9 su* gr& repose2 !y %oot into ! sky 9 bright wea!r 9 su* inf9ite cle>ness1 s pure1 s fla%+2 t !y seem nev] to lose ! *>m ( a sudd5 & />tl+ revelation to ! m9d4 ,are !y n sublime images ( ! great tru?s ( ,god's own ^w1 t sometimes inde$ are vail$ ) cl\ds1 b 9 fair wea!r d c>ry u1 z 9 a *>iot ( fire & ) horses ( fire1 into et]nity1 into ! pres5ce ( ,god8 ,! atmosph]e ( our he>ts is s mi/y & /ormy1 t we d n see !m m ?an sixty times a ye> 9 _! glory3 if e ,sabba?-day we get a view ( !m )\t cl\ds1 we d well2 b :5 we see !m z !y are1 !n we feel _! p[]1 !n we are rapt by !m f e>?1 away1 away1 away1 into ! dep?s ( heav56 8,9 "s circum/ances1 :5 we are climb+ ! m\nta9s1 ev5 ! mi/s t hang ar\nd !m d add to ! glory ( ! view2 z 9 ! ris+ sun1 :5 !y are s p5etrat$ ) brightness1 t !y s(tly rise ov] ! crags z a robe ( mi/y light1 or seem l ! motion ( sweet ,nature brea?+ into ! atmosph]e f h] morn+ alt>s ! inc5se ( praise4 ,& 9 ! sett+ sun h[ (t5 d !y hang ar\nd ! precipices1 gl[+ ) ! gold5 & crimson hues ( ! we/1 & prev5t+ u f cle>ly def9+ ! =ms ( ! m\nta9s1 only to make !m m lovely to our view4 ,s x is sometimes ) ! v cl\ds ar\nd ,god's ^w1 & ! lights & %ades ^u x4 ,!re is an inscrutability ( tru? :i* sometimes increases its p[]1 :ile we wait ) solemn rev]5ce = ! h\r :5 x %all be fully reveal$ to u2 & our fai?1 l ! sett+ sun1 may clo! cele/ial my/]ies ) a s(t & rosy-color$ light1 :i* makes !m m suitable to our pres5t exi/5ce1 ?an if we saw !m 9 ! cle> & cl\dless atmosph]e ( a spiritual noon4 8,y h a f9e po9t = view+ ,mont ,blanc1 )\t go+ out ( ! city1 f ! ramp>ts on ! we/ side ( ,r\sseau's isl&4 ,"h a braz5 indicator is erect$1 ) ! names ( ! diff]5t m\nta9 summits & ridges1 s t by tak+ sight across ! index1 y c di/+ui% !m at once4 ,y w n mi/ake ,mont ,blanc1 if y see him2 b until y get accu/om$ to ! panorama1 y may easily mi/ake "o ( 8 c\rt = ! k+1 :5 ! mon>* himself is n visible4 8,a /ill bett] po9t ( view y w h at ,coppet1 asc5d+ t[>d ! ,jura4 ,9 proportion z y rise f ! bord]s ( ! lake1 e "p ( ! l&scape becomes m beautiful1 ?\gh :at y wi% to ga9 is ! mo/ comm&+ view ( ! m\nta9s1 e o!r object be+ second>y4 ,9 a bright day1 no?+ c be m cle>ly & di/9ctly def9$ ?an ,mont ,blanc1 ) 8 att5dant mighty ranges1 cut 9 dazzl+ sn[y brightness aga9/ ! cle> blue sky4 ,! sight ( ^? glori\s glitt]+ fields & m\nta9s ( ice & sn[1 produces imm$iately a long+ to be !re among !m4 ,!y make an impression ^u ! s\l1 ( some?+ sup]natural1 almo/ div9e4 ,al?\gh ! :ole sc5e ly+ be=e y is s beautiful1 7! lake1 ! v]dant banks1 ! trees1 & ! l[] ranges ( v]dure-cov]$ m\nta9s1 con/itut+ 9 !mselves alone "o ( ! lovelie/ pictures 9 ! _w17 yet ! sn[y ranges ( ,mont ,blanc are ! gr& feature4 ,^? glitt]+ di/ant peaks are ! only ?+ 9 ! sc5e t takes a p[]ful hold ^u ! s\l2 b !y d q possess x1 & tyrannize ov] x1 ) an ec/atic ?ralldom4 ,"o is nev] we>i$ ) gaz+ & wond]+ at ! glory4 ,i w lift up m9e eyes unto ! hills1 f :5ce come? my help6 8,ano!r admirable po9t1 mu* f>!r f ! lake & ! city ?an ! prec$+1 & at a great] elevation1 is :at is call$ ! prom5ade ( ! po9t ,sacconex4 ,a f9e engrav+ ( ?is view is pr9t$ on lett]-pap] = correspond5ce2 b !re is n suffici5t di/9ctness giv5 to ! outl9es ( ,mont ,blanc & ! o!r summits ( ! glitt]+ sn[y range1 t seems to float 9 ! heav5s l ! f>-(f alaba/] walls ( ,p>adise4 ,no language1 nor any engrav+1 c convey ! ravi%+ magnific5ce & spl5dor1 ! excit+ sublimity & beauty ( ! sc5e4 ,b !re are days 9 :i* ! air ar\nd ! m\nta9s seems itself ( su* a hazy :it5ess1 t ! sn[ melts into ! atmosph]e z x 71 & dies away 9 ! heav5s l ! indi/9ct outl9e ( a bright b p>tially rememb]$ dream4 ,!re are o!r days 9 :i* ! fleecy cl\ds1 l vails ( light ov] ! faces ( angels1 d s re/ ^u & m+le ) ! sn[y summits1 t y c h>dly tell :]e "o beg9s & ! o!r ends4 ,sometimes y look ^u ! cl\ds ?9k+ !y are m\nta9s1 & !n aga9 ,mont ,blanc himself w be reveal$ 9 su* f>-(f1 unmov+1 glitt]+ gr&eur1 9 su* wond]ful di/9ctness1 t !re is no mi/ak+ ! *angeful imitations ( 8 glory = ! reality4 ,sometimes ! cl\ds & ! m\nta9s toge!r are m+l$ 9 su* a multitud9\s & int]m9able array ( radiances1 t x seems l ! :ite-rob$ armies ( heav5 ) _! float+ bann]s1 m>*+ & c\nt]m>*+ 9 front ( ! domes & jewel$ battlem5ts ( ! cele/ial city4 ,:5 ! fog sc5]y 7( :i* ,i %all give y a description7 takes place ^u ! e>?1 & at ! same "t !re are su* revelations ( ! sn[y summits 9 ! heav5s1 & su* go+s on ( glory among !m1 & y get ^u ! m\nta9 to see !m1 x is impossible to describe ! effect1 z ( a va/ en*antm5t1 ^u ! m9d4 8,! view ( ,g5eva1 ! lake1 & ! ,jura m\nta9s f ,coligny is mu* admir$2 & at sunset1 p]haps ! _w c n (f] a m lovely sc5e4 ,x 0 "h t ,byron took up 8 abode2 a *oice :i* ,i h wond]$ at1 = y c n see ,mont ,blanc f ?is po9t1 & !re=e ! situation is inf]ior to _m o!rs4 ,asc5d+ ! hill f>!r to ! ea/1 :5 y come to ,col4 ,tron*9's beautiful resid5ce1 y h p]haps ! f9e/ ( all ! views ( ,mont ,blanc1 9 or ar\nd ,g5eva4 ,g ^u ! top ( ,col4 ,tron*9's t[] ab\t half an h\r be=e sunset1 & ! sc5e is n unwor?y ( comp>ison ev5 ) ! glory ( ! sunrise z witness$ f ! summit ( ! ,righi4 ,x is surpris+ to see h[ long ,mont ,blanc reta9s ! light ( day1 & h[ long ! sn[ burns 9 ! sett+ sun1 aft] 8 orb has sunk f y\r own view entirely beh9d ! gre5 range ( ! ,jura4 ,!n aft] a succession ( t9ts f ! crimson to ! cold gray1 x be+ manife/ t ! sun has left ! m\nta9 to a companion%ip ) ! />s alone1 y also are ready to dep>t1 ! glory ( ! sc5e be+ ov]1 :5 sudd5ly & unacc\ntably ! sn[y summits r$d5 aga91 z if ! sun 7 return+ ^u !m1 ! c\nt5ance ( ,mont ,blanc is fill$ ) rosy light1 & ! cold gray gives place = a few mom5ts to a deep w>m radiant p9k1 7z if y saw a sudd5 smile play+ ov] ! features ( a sleep+ angel17 :i* at l5g? aga9 dies 9 ! twilight4 ,?is ph5om5on is extremely beautiful1 b ,i "k n h[ to acc\nt = x2 nor 0 any "o ( our p>ty wis] ?an ,i2 nev]!less1 our ignorance ( causes ne$ nev] dim9i%1 b (t5 increases ! pleasure ( beautiful sights40 8,i h said ,i w\ld give y a description ( ! #8fog-sc5]y4' ,9 ! autumn1 :5 ! fogs prevail1 x is (t5 a ?ick drizzl+ mi/ 9 ,g5eva1 & no?+ visible1 :ile on ! m\nta9 tops ! air is pure1 & ! sun %9+4 ,on su* a day z ?is1 :5 ! *ildr5 ( ! mi/ tell y t on ! m\nta9s x is fair wea!r1 y mu/ />t e>ly = ! range ne>e/ ,g5eva1 on ! way to ,*am\ny1 ! range ( ! ,gr& ,salve1 ! base ( :i* is ab\t f\r miles di/ant1 prep>$ to sp5d ! day ^u ! m\nta9s1 & y w witness "o ( ! mo/ s+ul> & beautiful sc5es to be enjoy$ 9 ,switz]l&4 8,! day ,i set out 0 s mi/y1 t ,i took an umbrella1 = ! fog ga!r$ & fell l ra91 & ,i m ?an d\bt$ :e!r ,i %\ld see ! sun at all4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is mi/ ,i climb$ ! rocky zigzag half hewn out ( ! face ( ! m\nta91 & half natural1 & pass+ ! village t is p]*$ among ! high rocks1 :i* might be a refuge = ! conies1 began toil+ up ! la/ asc5t ( ! m\nta91 see+ no?+1 feel+ no?+1 b ! ?ick mi/1 ! vail ( :i* _h clos$ bel[ & beh9d me ov] village1 pa? & precipice1 & /ill cont9u$ heavy & d>k above me1 s t ,i ?\ght ,i nev] %\ld get out ( x4 ,sudd5ly my head rose above ! level ( ! fog into ! cle> air1 & ! heav5s 7 %9+1 & ,mont ,blanc1 ) ! :ole illimitable range ( sn[y m\nta9 tops ar\nd him1 0 ?r[+ back ! sun6 ,an ocean ( mi/1 z smoo? z a *alc$ony1 z s(t & :ite z ! d[n ( ! eid]-duck's brea/1 lay ov] ! :ole l[] _w2 & z ,i rose above x1 & asc5d$ ! m\nta9 to its ov]hang+ v]ge1 x seem$ an inf9ite abyss ( vapor1 :]e only ! m\nta9 tops 7 visible1 on ! ,jura range l v]dant wood$ isl&s1 on ! ,mont ,blanc range z glitt]+ surges & pyramids ( ice & sn[4 ,no language c describe ! extraord9>y sublimity & beauty ( ! view4 ,a level sea ( :ite mi/ 9 e direction1 z f> z ! eye c\ld ext5d1 ) a cont95t ( mighty iceb]gs on ! "o side float+ 9 x1 & on ! o!r a =e/ promontory1 ) a slight undulat+ swell 9 ! bosom ( ! sea1 l ! long1 smoo? undulations ( ! ocean 9 a calm4 8,/&+ on ! ov]hang+ crags1 ,i c\ld he> ! *ime ( bells1 ! hum ( busy labor1 & ! l[+ ( cattle1 buri$ 9 ! mi/1 & fa9tly com+ up to y f ! fields & villages4 ,n[ & !n a bird d>t$ up out ( ! mi/ into ! cle> sun & air1 & sail$ 9 playful circles1 & !n div$ & disappe>$ aga9 bel[ ! surface4 ,by & by ! w9d began to agitate ! cl\dy sea1 & m & m ( ! m\nta9s became visible4 ,sometimes y h a bright sunset a?w>t ?is sea ( cl\d1 :i* !n rolls 9 waves burni%$ & tipp$ ) fire4 ,:5 y g d[n into ! mi/ aga91 & leave beh9d y ! beautiful sky1 a cle>1 brac+ atmosph]e1 ! bright sun & ! sn[-%9+ m\nta9s1 x is l pass+ f heav5 to e>?1 f ! brightness & s]5ity ( ! "o1 to ! d>kness & c>es ( ! o!r4 ,! :ole sc5e is a leaf 9 nature's book1 :i* b few turn ov]2 b h[ ri* x is 9 beauty & glory1 & 9 food = m$itation1 none c tell b ^? :o h witness$ x4 ,?is is a sc5e 9 ,cl\d-l&1 :i* ha? its my/]ies ( beauty1 t defy ! skill ( ! pa9t] & engrav]4 8,! poet ,wordswor? has giv5 two v vivid descriptions ( ^! mi/ ph5om5a1 "u diff]5t aspects f t 9 :i* ,i witness$ !m4 ,! fir/ is conta9$ 9 8 descriptive sket*es ( a p$e/rian t\r among ! ,alps4 8#8',tis morn3 ) gold ! v]dant m\nta9 gl[s1 ,m high1 ! sn[y peaks ) hues ( rose4 ,f> /ret*$ b5ea? ! _m-t9t$ hills ,a mighty wa/e ( mi/ ! valley fills1 ,a solemn sea6 ^: vales & m\nta9s r\nd ,/& motionless1 to awful sil5ce b\nd4 ,a gulf ( gloomy blue1 t op5s wide ,& bottomless1 divides ! midway tide4 ,l lean+ ma/s ( /r&$ %ips appe> ,! p9es1 t ne> ! coa/ _! summits re>4 ,( cab9s1 woods & lawns a pleasant %ore ,b\nds calm & cle> ! *aos /ill & ho>4 ,l\d ?r\gh t midway gulf asc5d+1 s\nd1 ,unnumb]$ /reams ) holl[ ro> pr(\nd4 ,m\nt ?r\gh ! ne>] mi/ ! *ant ( birds1 ,& talk+ voices1 & ! l[ ( h]ds1 ,! b>k ( dogs1 ! dr[sy t9kl+ bell1 ,& wild-wood m\nta9 lutes ( sadde/ swell4' 8,b ?is extract is n to be comp>$ = p[] to ! foll[+ f ! same poem1 describ+ an ,alp9e sunset aft] a day ( mi/ & /orm ^u ! m\nta9s4 8#8',tis /orm1 & hid 9 mi/ f h\r to h\r1 ,all day ! floods a deep5+ murmur p\r4 ,! sky is vail$1 & e *e]ful sight1 ,d>k is ! region z ) com+ night1 ,b :at a sudd5 bur/ ( ov]p[]+ light ,triumphant on ! bosom ( ! /orm ,glances ! fire-clad eagle's :eel+ =m4 ,ea/w>d1 9 long p]spective glitt]+1 %9e ,! wood-cr[n$ cliffs1 t o'er ! lake recl9e4 ,wide o'er ! ,alps a hundr$ /reams unfold1 ,at once to pill>s turn$1 t flame ) gold4 ,beh9d 8 sail ! peasant tries to %un ,! we/1 t burns l "o dilat$ sun1 ,:]e 9 a mighty crucible expire ,! m\nta9s1 gl[+ hot1 l coals ( fire6' 8,!re 0 a "t dur+ ! middle ages1 :5 ,*am\ny 0 inhabit$ by monks4 ,! reign+ "l ( ! c\ntry made a pres5t ( ! :ole valley to a conv5t ( ,b5$ict9e fri>s1 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,two ,engli% travel]s1 ,messrs4 ,pococke & ,w9dham1 drew att5tion to its wond]ful sc5]y 9 #agda1 & n[ x is a gr& highway ( summ] travel1 visit$ annually by ?ree or f\r ?\s& p4 ,a visit to ,mont ,blanc has become a pilgrimage ( fa%ion4 ,fa%ion does "s good ?+s 9 h] day2 & x is a great ?+ to h ! /eps ( m5 direct$ into ?is gr& temple ( nature1 :o w\ld o!rwise be dawdl+ ! summ] p]haps at immoral wat]+-places4 ,a man c h>dly pass ?r\gh ! vale ( ,*am\ny1 be=e ! awful face ( ,mont ,blanc1 & n feel t he is an immortal be+4 ,! great m\nta9 looks ) an eye1 & speaks ) a voice1 t does some?+ to wake ! s\l out ( its slumb]s4 8,! sublime hymn by ,col]idge1 9 ! vale be=e sunrise1 is ! conc5trat$ expression ( all ! inspir+ & heav5-direct+ influ5ces ( ! sc5]y4 ,! poem is z rem>kably di/+ui%$ above ! :ole range ( poetry 9 our language1 = its sublimity1 z ! m\nta9 itself among all ! great ranges ( ! ,alps4 ,i am det]m9$ to quote x 9 full1 = t & ! t\r ( ,mont ,blanc ought to g toge!r2 & ,i w pres5t along ) x ! ,g]man orig9al ( ! poem 9 tw5ty l9es1 ne>ly z translat$ by ,col]idge's admir+ & affectionate relative4 ,i am n aw>e t ,col]idge himself ev] visit$ ! vale ( ,*am\ny2 & if n1 !n t wond]ful hymn to ,mont ,blanc 0 ! "w ( imag9ation solely1 build+ on ! basis ( ! orig9al l9es 9 ,g]man4 ,?is 0 a gr& & noble f\ndation1 x is true2 b ! hymn by ,col]idge 0 a p]fect transfiguration ( ! piece1 an inspiration ( x ) a high] s\l1 & an inve/iture ( x ) g>m5ts t %9e l ! sun4 ,x 0 ! greate/ "w ( ! poet's great & p[]ful imag9ation1 comb9$ ) ! deep wor%ip+ s5se ( spiritual ?+s 9 8 s\l4 8,on visit+ ! sc5e1 "o is apt to feel z if he c\ld n h writt5 x 9 ! vale itself3 ! details ( ! picture w\ld h be5 some:at diff]5t2 &1 conf9$ by ! reality1 "o may d\bt if ev5 ,col]idge's g5ius c\ld h ga9$ t l(ty ideal po9t ( obs]vation & conception1 f :i* he drew ! va/ & glori\s imag]y t rose be=e him4 ,n because ! poem is m glori\s ?an ! reality1 = t is impossible2 b because1 9 pa9t+ f ! reality1 ! =ce & sublimity ( 8 g5]al conceptions w\ld h be5 weak5$ by ! attempt at fai?fulness 9 ! detail1 & no?+ l ! impression ( ! a]ial gr&eur ( ! sc5e1 its despotic unity 9 ! imag9ation1 not)/&+ its v>iety1 w\ld h be5 convey$ to ! m9d4 8,yet !re are p>ts ( x :i* at sunrise or sunset ei!r1 ! poet might h writt5 f ! v w9d[s ( 8 b$room1 if he _h be5 !re 9 ! dawn & ev5+s ( days ( su* extraord9>y brilliancy & glory1 z m>k$ & fill$ ! atmosph]e1 dur+ our soj\rn 9 t bless$ region4 ,a glori\s region x is1 mu* ne>] heav5 ?an our common _w1 & c>ry+ a s5sitive1 rightly con/itut$ m9d f> up 9 _s t[>d ! gates ( heav51 t[>d ,god1 ^: glory is ! light ( heav51 & ( ^: p[] & maje/y ! m\nta9s1 ice-fields & glaci]s1 :e!r b5ea? ! sun1 moon1 or />s1 are a dim1 ?\gh gr& & glitt]+1 symbol4 #8,fire & hail1 sn[ & vapor1 /ormy w9d1 fulfill+ ,8 ^w1 m\nta9s & all hills1 fruitful trees & all c$>s1 praise ! ,"l4 ,he looke? on ! e>? & x tremble?2 ,he t\*e? ! hills1 & !y smoke4' 8,! foll[+ is ! orig9al ,g]man hymn1 9 :at ! translator d5om9ates a v bald ,engli% translation1 to be comp>$ z a curiosity ) its glorification 9 ,col]idge4 ,x occupies b five /anzas ( f\r l9es1 & is entitl$1 #8,*am\ny at ,sunrise4 ,to ,klop/ock4' ,i h "h put x into ! metrical =m ( ! orig9al4 8,out ( ! deep %ade ( ! sil5t fir-grove1 ,trembl+ ,i survey !e1 m\nta9-head ( et]nity1 ,dazzl+ 7bl9d+7 summit1 f ^: va/ hight ,my dimly p]ceiv+ _s floats into ! ,ev]la/+4 8,:o sank ! pill> deep 9 ! lap ( e>? ,:i*1 = pa/ c5turies1 fa/ props ?y mass up8 ,:o upt[]$1 high 9 ! vault ( e!r1 ,mighty & bold1 ?y beam+ c\nt5ance8 8,:o p\r$ y f on high1 out ( et]nal ,w9t]'s realm1 ,o jagg$ /reams1 d[nw>d ) ?und]-noise8 ,& :o bade al\d1 ) ! ,almighty ,voice1 #8,"h %all re/ ! /iff5+ bill[s8' 8,:o m>ks out !re ! pa? = ! ,morn+ ,/>8 ,:o wrea!s ) blossoms ! skirt ( et]nal ,fro/8 ,to :om1 wild ,arveiron1 9 t]rible h>monies1 ,rolls up ! s\nd ( ?y tumult ( bill[s8 8,jehovah6 ,jehovah6 cra%es 9 ! bur/+ ice6 ,avalan*e-?und]s roll x 9 ! cleft d[nw>d3 ,jehovah6 x ru/les 9 ! bright tree-tops2 ,x :isp]s murmur+ 9 ! purl+ silv]-brooks4 8,?is is v gr&4 ,:o b a mighty poet1 "o see+ ) #8! vision & ! faculty div9e'--:at1 b a transfus+1 all-conqu]+ imag9ation--w\ld h d>$ ! attempt to compose ano!r poem on ! same subject1 or to c>ry ?is to a great] hight ( sublimity1 by melt+ x d[n anew1 s to speak1 & p\r+ x out into a va/]1 m glori\s mold8 ,! m "o ?9ks ( x1 ! m he w see1 9 ! poem s produc$1 a pro( mo/ rem>kable1 ( ! spontane\s1 deep-seat$1 easily ex]t$1 & almo/ exhau/less p[] & orig9ality ( ,col]idge's g5ius4 ,n[ let u p]use1 #8) mute ?anks & secret ec/acy1' 8 own solemn & /up5d\s l9es4 ,,hymn ,,be=e ,,sunrise1 ,,9 ,,! ,,vale ,,( ,,*am\ny4 ,besides ! riv]s ,arve & ,arveiron1 :i* h _! s\rces 9 ! foot ( ,mont ,blanc1 five conspicu\s torr5ts ru% d[n its sides2 &1 )9 a few paces ( ! glaci]s1 ! ,g5tiana ,major gr[s 9 imm5se numb]s1 ) its #8fl[]s ( lovelie/ blue4' 8,ha/ ?\ a *>m to /ay ! ,morn+ ,/> ,9 8 /eep c\rse8 s long he seems to pause ,on ?y bald1 awful head1 ,o ,sovran ,blanc8 ,! ,arve & ,arveiron at ?y base ,rave ceaselessly2 b ?\1 mo/ awful =m6 ,rise/ f =? ?y sil5t sea ( p9es1 ,h[ sil5tly6 ,ar\nd !e & above1 ,deep is ! air1 & d>k1 sub/antial1 black2 ,an ebon mass3 me?9ks ?\ pi]ce/ x ,z ) a w$ge6 ,b :5 ,i look aga91 ,x is ?9e own calm home1 ?y cry/al %r9e1 ,?y habitation f ,et]nity6 8,o dread & sil5t ,m\nt6 ,i gaz$ ^u !e1 ,till ?\1 /ill pres5t to ! bodily s5se1 ,did/ vani% f my ?\ght3 entranc$ 9 pray] ,i wor%ip$ ! ,invisible alone4 8,yet1 l "s sweet1 beguil+ melody1 ,s sweet1 we "k n we are li/5+ to x1 ,?\1 ! mean:ile1 wa/ bl5d+ ) my ?\ght1 ,yea1 ) my life1 & life's own secret joy1 ,till ! dilat+ ,s\l1 enrapt1 transfus$1 ,into ! mighty vision pass+1--!re1 ,z 9 h] natural =m1 swell$ va/ to heav56 8,awake my ,s\l6 n only passive praise ,?\ owe/6 n alone ^! swell+ te>s1 ,mute ?anks & secret ec/acy6 ,awake1 ,voice ( sweet song6 ,awake1 my he>t1 awake6 ,gre5 vales & icy cliffs1 all jo9 my hymn4 8,?\ fir/ & *ief1 sole sovran ( ! vale ,oh1 /ruggl+ ) ! d>kness all night long1 ,& all night visit$ by troops ( />s1 ,or :5 !y climb ! sky1 or :5 !y s9k6 ,companion ( ! morn+ /> at dawn1 ,?yself e>?'s rosy />1 & ( ! dawn ,coh]ald3 wake1 oh wake1 & utt] praise6 ,:o sank ?y sunless pill>s deep 9 e>?8 ,:o fill$ ?y c\nt5ance ) rosy light8 ,:o made !e p>5t ( p]petual /reams8 8,& y1 ye five wild torr5ts1 fi]cely glad6 ,:o call$ y =? f night & utt] dea?1 ,f d>k & icy cav]ns call$ y =?1 ,d[n ^? precipit\s1 black1 jagg$ rocks1 ,=ev] %att]$1 & ! same =ev]8 ,:o gave y y\r invuln]able life1 ,y\r /r5g?1 y\r spe$1 y\r fury & y\r joy1 ,unceas+ ?und] & et]nal foam8 ,& :o comm&$ 7& ! sil5ce came17 ,"h let ! bill[s /iff5 & h re/8 8,ye ice-falls6 ye t f ! m\nta9's br[1 ,ad[n enorm\s rav9es slope ama9-- ,torr5ts1 me?9ks1 t he>d a mighty voice1 ,& /opp$ at once1 amid/ _! madde/ plunge6 ,motionless torr5ts6 sil5t cat>acts6 ,:o made y glori\s z ! gates ( heav5 ,b5ea? ! ke5 full moon8 ,:o bade ! sun ,clo! y ) ra9b[s8 ,:o1 ) liv+ fl[]s ,( lovelie/ blue1 spread g>l&s at y\r feet8 ,,god6 let ! torr5ts1 l a %\t ( nations1 ,answ]6 & let ! ice-pla9s e*o1 ,,god6 ,,god6 s+1 ye mead[-/reams1 ) gladsome voice6 ,ye p9e-groves1 ) y\r s(t & s\l-l s\nds6 ,& !y1 too1 h a voice1 yon piles ( sn[1 ,& 9 _! p]il\s fall %all ?und]1 ,,god6 8,ye liv+ fl[]s1 t skirt ! et]nal fro/6 ,ye wild goats sport+ r\nd ! eagle's ne/6 ,ye eagles1 playmates ( ! m\nta9-/orm6 ,ye lightn+s1 ! dread arr[s ( ! cl\ds6 ,ye signs & wond]s ( ! elem5ts6 ,utt] =? ,,god6 & fill ! hills ) praise6 8,?\1 too1 ho> ,m\nt1 ) ?y sky-po9t+ peaks1 ,(t f ^: feet1 ! avalan*e1 unhe>d1 ,%oots d[nw>d1 glitt]+ ?r\gh ! pure s]5e ,into ! dep?s ( cl\ds1 t vail ?y brea/2 ,?\ too aga91 /up5d\s m\nta96 ?\1 ,t z ,i raise my head1 a:ile b[$ l[ ,9 adoration1 upw>d f ?y base ,sl[ travel+ ) dim eyes suffus$ ) te>s1 ,solemnly seeme/1 l a vapory cl\d1 ,to rise be=e me1--,rise1 oh ev] rise6 ,rise1 l a cl\d ( inc5se1 f ! e>?6 ,?\ k+ly _s ?ron$ among ! hills1 ,?\ dread embassador f ,e>? to ,heav51 ,great ,hi]>*6 tell ?\ ! sil5t sky1 ,& tell ! />s1 & tell yon ris+ sun1 ,e>?1 ) h] ?\s& voices1 praises ,god6 8,?anks to !e1 ?\ noble poet1 = giv+ ?is glori\s voice to ,alp9e nature1 = s befitt+ & n unwor?y an int]pretation ( ,nature's own voice1 9 words ( our own "m-tongue4 ,?anks to ,god = 8 grace v\*saf$ to !e1 s t n[ ?\ praise/ ,him amid/ ! inf9ite ho/ ( flam+ s]aphs1 be=e ! m\nt supreme ( glory1 :]e all ! empyrean r+s ) angelic hallelujahs6 ,! creation ( su* a m9d z ,col]idge's1 is only outdone by its r$emption ?r\gh ! blood ( ! ,lamb4 ,oh1 :o c tell ! rapture ( a s\l1 t c\ld give a voice = nations to su* a mighty bur/ ( praise to ,god 9 ?is _w1 :5 its p[]s1 uplift$ 9 et]nity1 & dilat$ ) absorb+1 unm+l$1 unutt]able love1 %all p\r !mselves =? 9 ! an!m ( r$emption1 ,wor?y is ! ,lamb t 0 sla960 ,,! ,,glaci]s1 ,,or ,,ice ,,masses4 ,! ?ree great glaci]s1 or ice-m\nta9s1 :i* desc5d f ! flanks ( ,mont ,blanc1 add _! ice to t ( ! ,miage1 & pres5t a maje/ic spectacle1 amid ! a/oni%+ succession ( icy summits1 ( deep valleys1 & ( wide *asms1 :i* h become *annels = ! innum]able torr5ts & cat>acts ) :i* ^! m\nta9s ab\nd4 ,! view :i* ! glaci] ( ,talafre af=ds f its c5t]1 look+ t[>d ! nor?1 is z extraord9>y z beautiful4 ,x rises gradually to ! base ( a semicircul> girdle1 =m$ ( peaks ( granite ( a great hight1 & t]m9at+ 9 %>p summits1 extremely v>i$ 9 _! =ms2 :ile ! int]vals betwe5 ^! peaks are fill$ up by ice1 :i* falls into ?is mass1 & ?is mass ( ice is cr[n$ by masses ( sn[1 ris+ 9 fe/oons betwe5 ! black & v]tical tables ( granite1 ! /eepness ( :i* does n all[ !m to rema94 ,a ridge ( %att]$ wrecks divides ?is glaci] l5g?wise1 & =ms its mo/ elevat$ "p1 be+ eight ?\s&1 five hundr$ & ?irty-eight feet1 or upw>d ( a mile & a half above ! level ( ! sea4 ,?is prospect has no?+ 9 common ) :at is se5 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! imm5se masses ( ice1 surr\nd$ & surm\nt$ by pyramidal rocks1 /ill m enorm\s 9 magnitude2 ! contra/ betwe5 ! :it5ess ( ! sn[ & ! obscure colors ( ! /ones1 moi/5$ by ! wat] :i* trickles d[n _! sides2 ! purity ( ! air2 ! dazzl+ light ( ! sun1 :i* gives to ^! objects extraord9>y brilliancy2 ! maje/ic & awful sil5ce :i* reigns 9 ^! va/ solitudes1 a sil5ce :i* is only int]rupt$ at int]vals by ! noise ( "s great mass ( granite1 or ( ice1 tumbl+ f ! top ( ! m\nta92 & ! nak$ness ( ^! elevat$ rocks !mselves1 on :i* nei!r animals1 %rubs1 nor v]dure are to be se51 comb9$ ) ! recollection ( ! f]tile c\ntry & ri* vegetation :i* ! adjac5t valleys at s small a di/ance pres5t2 all t5d to produce a mix$ impression ( admiration & t]ror1 :i* tempts ! spectator to believe1 t he has be5 sudd5ly transport$ into a _w =gott5 by ! great ,au?or ( nature4 ,"o ( ^! glaci]s1 t ( ,triolet1 is cov]$ ) ! wrecks ( ano!r ice-m\nta91 :i* fell "s ye>s ago1 & buri$ _m huts1 flocks1 & %eph]ds b5ea? its ru9s4 ,,! ,,m] ,,de ,,glace4 ,^! glaci]s h _! f\ndation 9 ! wond]ful ,m] de ,glace1 or ,sea ( ,ice2 %oot+ up f x _! %>p peaks into ! froz5 air4 8,to get ! be/ view ( x z a :ole10 says a mod]n ,alp9e t\ri/1 8y cross ! mead[s 9 ! vale ( ,*am\ny1 /ep ov] ! furi\s ,arve1 & climb ! m\nta9 precipices to ! hight ( two ?\s& feet1 by a r\gh1 craggy pa?1 sometimes w9d+ amid/ a wood ( firs1 & sometimes w&]+ ov] gre5 grasses4 ,at ,montanv]t y f9d y\rself on ! extremity ( a plateau1 s situat$1 t on "o side y may look d[n into ! dread froz5 sea1 & on ! o!r1 by a few /eps1 into ! lovely gre5 vale ( ,*am\ny6 ,:at a/oni%+ v>iety & contra/ 9 ! spectacle6 ,f> b5ea?1 a smil+ & v]dant valley1 wat]$ by ! ,arve1 ) hamlets1 fields & g>d5s1 ! abode ( life1 sweet *ildr5 & fl[]s2 f> above1 savage & inaccessible crags ( ice & granite1 & a cat>act ( /iff5$ bill[s1 /ret*+ away beyond sight--! ?rone ( dea? & w9t]4 8,f ! bosom ( ! tumbl+ sea ( ice1 huge granite ne$les %oot into ! sky1 objects ( s+ul> sublimity1 "o ( !m ris+ to ! great hight ( ?irte5 ?\s& feet1 sev5 ?\s& above ! po9t :]e y are /&+4 ,?is is m ?an d\ble ! hight ( ,m\nt ,wa%+ton 9 our c\ntry1 & ?is amaz+ p9nacle ( rock looks l ! spire ( an int]m9able colossal ca!dral1 ) o!r p9nacles ar\nd x4 ,no sn[ c cl+ to ! summits ( ^! jagg$ spires2 ! lightn+ does n spl9t] !m2 ! tempe/s rave r\nd !m2 & at _! base1 ^? et]nal drift+ ranges ( sn[ are =m$1 t sweep d[n into ! froz5 sea1 & fe$ ! p]petual1 immeasurable masses ( ! glaci]4 ,mean:ile1 ! laugh+ v]dure1 spr9kl$ ) fl[]s1 plays ^u ! edges ( ! enorm\s masses ( ice1 s ne>1 t y may almo/ t\* ! ice ) "o h&1 & ) ! o!r pluck ! violet4 ,s1 (t5times1 ! ice & ! v]dure are m+l$ 9 our e>?ly pilgrimage2 s1 sometimes1 9 "o & ! same family1 y may see ! exquisite ref9em5ts & ! co>se repugnancies ( human nature4 ,s1 9 ! same h\se ( ,god1 on ! same b5*1 may sit an angel & a murd]]2 a villa91 l a glaci]1 & a man ) a he>t l a sweet runn+ brook 9 ! sun%9e4 8,! impetu\s arre/$ cat>act seems z if x 7 pl[+ ! rocky gorge ) its turbul5t surges4 ,inde$1 ! ridges ( rocky fragm5ts along ! edges ( ! glaci]1 call$ mora9es1 d look precisely z if a colossal iron pl[ _h torn !m f ! m\nta91 & laid !m along 9 "o cont9u\s furr[ on ! froz5 v]ge4 ,x is a sc5e ( /up5d\s sublimity4 ,^! mighty granite peaks1 hewn & p9nacl$ into ,go?ic t[]s1 & ^! rugg$ m\nta9-walls & buttresses--:at a ca!dral6 ) ?is cl\dless sky1 by />light1 = its frett$ ro(2 ! *ant+ wail ( ! tempe/1 & ! ru%+ ( ! avalan*e = its organ4 ,h[ gr& ! ?und]+ s\nd ( ! va/ masses ( ice tumbl+ f ! ro( ( ! ,arve-cav]n at ! foot ( ! glaci]6 ,does x n seem1 z x sull5ly & heavily e*oes1 & rolls up f s imm5se a di/ance bel[1 ev5 m sublime ?an ! ?und] ( ! avalan*e above u8 ,we c\ld tell bett] if we c\ld h a g5u9e upp] avalan*e to comp>e ) x4 ,b :at a /up5d\s sc5e6 #8,i beg9 n[1' said my companion1 #8to und]/& ! orig9 ( ! ,go?ic ar*itecture4' ,?is 0 a v natural feel+2 b1 aft] all1 x c\ld n h be5 su* a sc5e1 t gave bir? to ! great idea ( t #8froz5 poetry' ( ! middle ages4 ,f> m likely x 0 ! s\nd+ aisles ( ! dim woods1 ) _! *eck]$ gre5 light1 & fe/oon$1 po9t+ ar*es4 8,! colossal furr[s ( rocks & gravel along ! edges ( ! ice at ! %ores ( ! sea1 are produc$ by ! action ( ! fro/ & ! avalan*es1 ) ! m>* ( ! glaci] aga9/ ! sides ( ! m\nta9s4 ,no?+ c be m s+ul> ?an ^! ridges ( m\nta9 debris1 app>5tly pl[$ up & work$ (f by ! mov+ ( ! :ole b$ ( ice d[n ! valley4 ,ne> ! %ore1 ! sea is turbid ) ^! rocks & gravel2 b z y g out into ! *annel1 ! ice becomes cle>] & m glitt]+1 ! crevices & fissures deep] & m dang]\s1 & all ! ph5om5a m a/oni%+4 ,deep1 blue1 pellucid f\nts ( ice-cold wat] lie 9 ! op5+ gulfs2 & sometimes1 putt+ y\r e> to ! yawn+ fissures1 y may he> ! rippl+ ( ! rills bel[1 t f ! bosom ( ! glaci] are hurry+ d[n to con/itute ! ,arve1 bur/+ furi\sly =? f ! great ice-cav]n 9 ! valley4 8,?is ,m] de ,glace is an easy & excell5t resid5ce = ! sci5tific /udy ( ! glaci]s1 a subject ( v great int]e/1 =m]ly fill$ ) my/]ies1 :i* ! bold & p]sev]+ inve/igations & !ories ( "s mod]n naturali/s h q cle>$ up4 ,! /range movem5ts ( ! glaci]s1 _! app>5t willful rejection ( extrane\s bodies & sub/ances to ! surface & ! m>g91 _! increase & decrease1 long rema9$ inve/$ ) some?+ ( ! sup]natural3 !y seem$ to h a s\l & a life ( _! own4 ,!y look motionless & sil5t1 yet !y are always mov+ & s\nd+ on1 & !y h great voices t give prophetic w>n+ ( ! wea!r to ! %eph]ds ( ! ,alps4 ,sci5tific m5 h set up huts ^u ! sea1 & l&m>ks on ! m\nta9s opposite1 to te/ ! progress ( ! icy masses1 & 9 ?is way x 0 f\nd t a cab9 con/ruct$ by ,pr(essor ,hugi on ! glaci] ( ! ,a>1 _h travel$1 betwe5 ! ye>s #ahbg & #ahdj1 a di/ance ( =ty-six hundr$ feet4 ,x is suppos$ t ! ,m] de ,glace moves d[n betwe5 f\r & five hundr$ feet annually4 8,x is impossible to =m a gr&] image ( ! rigidity & b>r5ness1 ! coldness & dea? ( w9t]1 ?an :5 y /& among ! bill[s ( "o ( ^! froz5 seas2 & yet x is "h t ,nature locks up 9 h] c>eful bosom ! treasures ( ! ,alp9e valleys1 ! s\rces ( ri* summ] v]dure & vegetable life4 ,!y are ho>d$ up 9 w9t]1 to be p\r$ =? b5ea? ! sun1 & ) ! sun 9 summ]4 ,"s ( ! l>ge/ riv]s 9 ,europe take _! rise f ! glaci]s1 & give to ! ,swiss valleys _! mo/ abundant supply ( wat]1 9 ! season :5 ord9>y /reams are dri$ up4 ,?is is a mo/ int]e/+ provision 9 ! economy ( nature1 = if ! glaci]s did n exi/1 ^? v]dant valleys into :i* ! summ] sun p\rs ) su* f]vor1 w\ld be p>*$ ) dr\ght4 ,s ! m\nta9s are p>5ts ( p]petual /reams1 & ! glaci]s are res]voirs ( pl5ty4 8,! d]ivation ( ! ,g]man "n = glaci]1 glets*]1 is sugge/$ z com+ n f _! icy mat]ial1 b _! p]petual motion1 f glits*51 to glide2 m probably1 h[ev]1 f ! idea ( glid+ ^u _! surface4 ,^! glaci]s come d[n f ! air1 d[n out ( heav51 a p]petual froz5 motion1 ev] *ang+ & glid+1 f ! fir/ fall ( sn[ 9 ! atmosph]e1 ?r\gh ! /ate ( consolidat$ gr9d+ blocks ( ice1 & !n into musical /reams t wat] ! valleys4 ,fir/ x is a p[d]y1 fea!ry sn[1 !n granulat$ l hail1 & d5om9at$ firn1 =m+ va/ b$s & %eets ar\nd ! highe/ m\nta9 summits1 !n froz5 into masses1 by :i* "t x has travel$ d[n to )9 sev5 ?\s& feet above ! level ( ! sea1 :]e comm5ces ! great ice-ocean t fills ! un9habitable ,alp9e valleys1 unceas+ly freez+1 melt+ & mov+ d[n4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ by ,saussure & o!rs1 t ^! seas ( ice1 at _! greate/ ?ickness1 are six or eight hundr$ feet deep4 ,!y are trav]s$ by deep fissures1 & z !y approa* ! great precipices1 ov] :i* !y plunge l a cat>act into ! vales1 !y are split 9 all directions1 & heav$ up into waves1 reefs1 peaks1 p9nacles & m9>ets4 ,und]nea? !y are trav]s$ by z _m gall]ies & cav]ns1 ?r\gh :i* run ! rills & torr5ts con/antly ga!r+ f ! melt+ masses above4 ,^! innum]able /reams1 ga!r+ 9 "o z !y approa* ! t]m9ation ( ! glaci]1 ru% out f b5ea? x1 "u a great vault ( ice1 & ?us are born into ! brea?+ _w1 full-gr[n ro>+ riv]s1 f night1 fro/ & *aos4 8,a peasant has be5 kn[n to h fall5 into an ice-gulf 9 "o ( ^! seas1 ne> "o ( ! fl[+ sub-glacial torr5ts1 & foll[+ ! c\rse ( ! /ream to ! foot ( ! glaci]1 he came out alive6 ,! ,g]man naturali/1 ,hugi1 set out to explore ! recesses ( "o ( ! glaci]s ?r\gh ! b$ ( a =m] torr5t1 & w&]$ on 9 its ice-cav]ns ! di/ance ( a mile4 #8,! ice 0 ev]y:]e eat5 away into dome-%ap$ holl[s1 v>y+ f two to twelve feet 9 hight1 s t ! :ole mass ( ! glaci] re/$ at int]vals on pill>s1 or feet ( ice1 irregul> 9 size & %ape1 :i* _h be5 left /&+4 ,z soon z any ( ^! props gave way1 a portion ( ! glaci] w\ld ( c\rse fall 9 & move on4 ,a dim twilight1 scantily transmitt$ ?r\gh ! mass ( ice above1 prevail$ 9 ^! cav]ns ( ice1 n suffici5t to all[ "o to read1 except close to ! fissures1 :i* directly admitt$ ! daylight4 ,! int5se blue ( ! mass ( ! ice contra/$ rem>kably ) ! pure :ite ( ! icy /alactites1 or p5d5ts desc5d+ f ! ro(4 ,! wat] /ream$ d[n ^u him f all sides1 s t1 aft] w&]+ ab\t = two h\rs1 at times b5d+ & creep+1 to get along "u ! l[ vault1 he return$ to ! op5 air1 q dr5*$ & half-froz54' 8,?is sea ( ice1 :i* embosoms 9 its f>!/ recesses a little liv+ fl[]-g>d51 :i!r ! humble-bees f ,*am\ny resort = honey1 is also bord]$ by /eep lonely b$s ( ! fragrant rhodod5dron1 or rose ( ! ,alps4 ,?is h>dy & beautiful fl[] gr[s f a bu% l>g] ?an our sweet-f]n1 ) foliage l ! leaves ( ! ivory-plum4 ,x cont9ues bloom+ late 9 ! season1 & sometimes cov]s va/ declivities on ! m\nta9s at a great hight1 :]e "o w\ld h>dly suppose x possible = a h&ful ( e>? to cl+ to ! rocky surface4 ,!re1 amid ! sn[s & ice ( a ?\s& w9t]s1 x p\rs =? its p]fume on ! air1 ?\gh !re be none to inhale ! fragrance1 or praise ! sweetness1 save only #8! little busy bees1' t seem dizzy ) delight1 z !y ?r[ !mselves into ! bosom ( ^! b$s ( roses4 8,high] /ill on ! opposite side ( ?is great ice-sea1 !re are m\nta9-slopes ( grass at ! base ( /up5d\s rocky p9nacles1 :i!r ! %eph]ds ( ! ,alps drive _! h]ds f ,*am\ny1 = ?ree mon?s' pa/urage4 ,!y h no way ( gett+ !m !re b across ! dang]\s glaci]2 & x is said t ! passage is a sort ( annual celebration1 :5 m51 wom5 & *ildr5 g up to ,montanv]t1 to witness & assi/ ! difficult transportation4 ,:5 ! h]ds h cross$1 "o peasant /ays ) !m = ! :ole ?ree mon?s ( _! summ] excursion1 liv+ ^u bread & *eese1 ) "o c[ among ! h]d to supply him ) milk4 ,:5 he is n sleep+1 he knits /ock+s1 & rum9ates z cont5t$ly z ! br[s+ cattle1 8 only c>e be+ to increase 8 /ore40 ,,view ,,f ,,! ,,buet4 ,be=e we take our leave ( ,mont ,blanc & ( ! ,alps1 ! peculi>ly brilliant view f ! summit ( ! ,buet ought to be notic$4 ,nev]1 says ,m4 ,b\rrit1 did prospect appe> s va/4 ,t[>d ! we/1 ! ,rhone is se51 w9d+ = ! space ( ?irty-six leagues ?r\gh ! ri* pla9s ( ! ,valais2 ! p>ts ( ! riv] :i* ! m\nta9s cov] ) _! %ade seem+ l ?reads ( silv]1 & ^? :i* ! sun illum9es l ?reads ( gold4 ,beyond ! riv] & its ri* pla9s1 ! view ext5ds to ! highe/ m\nta9s ( ,switz]l&1 ,/4 ,go?>d1 & ! ,grisons1 all cov]$ ) ice2 :ile on ! ea/1 ! hights s9k sudd5ly1 f "s ( ! l(tie/ elevations on ! globe1 to level pla9s wa%$ by ! sea4 ,g5eva seems l a spot at "o end ( ! lake1 & ! lake itself l a s9u\s b&1 divid+ ! fields :i* x wat]s4 ,beyond x are discov]$ ! va/ pla9s ( ,fran*e ,comte & ,burgundy1 ! m\nta9s ( :i* dim9i% by almo/ imp]ceptible gradations4 ,"h ! eye has nei!r p[] nor ext5t ( sight to embrace ! :ole ( ! objects pres5t$ to its view4 ,amid ! fe>ful aspect ( ! precipices :i* desc5d on e side1 :at a contra/ betwe5 ! c\ntry decorat$ ) all t is smil+ & gay1 & ! sublime spectacle ( ! ,alps1 _! gloomy & aspir+ summits1 &1 above all1 ! prodigi\s hight ( ,mont ,blanc1 t enorm\s colossus ( sn[ & ice1 :i* p>ts ! cl\ds1 & pi]ces to ! v heav5s6 ,bel[ ?is m\nta91 :i* bids defiance to "t1 & ^: et]nal ice disreg>ds ! dissolv+ p[] ( ! sun1 a b& ( pyramidical rocks appe>1 ! int]vals betwe5 !m be+ s _m valleys ( ice1 ! imm5sity ( :i* appalls ! imag9ation4 ,_! deep *asms may be di/+ui%$1 & ! noise ( ! frequ5t avalan*es 7falls ( imm5se masses ( sn[7 pres5ts to ! m9d ! gloomy ideas ( horror1 deva/ation & ru94 ,f>!r on1 o!r summits ( ice prolong ?is maje/ic picture4 ,among ^! are ! high m\nta9s ( ! ,/4 ,b]n>d1 & ^? :i* bord] on ! ,boromean isl&s4 ,p]haps !re is n 9 ! old _w a !at] m in/ructive1 or m adapt$ = reflection1 ?an ! summit ( ?is m\nta94 ,:]e1 beside1 c be se5 su* v>iety & contra/ ( =ms2 su* results ( ! ef=ts ( "t2 su* effects ( all ! climates1 & ( all ! seasons8 ,at "o glance may be embrac$ fro/s equally int5se ) ^? ( ,lapl&1 & ! ri* & delightful fronti]s ( ,italy2 et]nal ice1 & wav+ h>ve/s2 all ! *ill+ horrors ( w9t]1 & ! luxuriant vegetation ( summ]2 eighty leagues ( f]tile pla9s1 cov]$ ) t[ns1 ) v9ey>ds1 ) fields & h]ds1 & adjo9+ to ^!1 a dep? ( tw5ty ?\s& feet ( ev]la/+ ice4 ,,monts]rat4 8,"h1 'mid/ ! *angeful sc5]y1 ev] new1 ,fancy a ?\s& wond'r\s =ms descries1 ,m wildly great ?an ev] p5cil drew2 ,rocks1 torr5ts1 gulfs1 & %apes ( giant size1 ,& glitt]+ cliffs on cliffs1 & fi]y ramp>ts rise40--,,beattie4 ,?is ,spani% m\nta91 :i* has be5 s long celebrat$ on acc\nt ( ! s+ul>ity ( its %ape1 b *iefly = its conv5t & its num]\s h]mitages1 is n9e leagues nor?-we/ ( ,b>celona1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,catalonia4 ,x is 9 hight only ?ree ?\s&1 ?ree hundr$ feet above ! level ( ! sea1 b x comm&s an en*ant+ prospect ( ! f9e pla9 ( ,b>celona1 ext5d+ to ! sea1 z well z ( ! isl&s ( ,majorca & ,m9orca1 di/ant "o hundr$ & fifty miles4 ,t[>d ,b>celona ?is m\nta9 pres5ts a bold & rugg$ front2 b on ! we/1 t[>d ,vac>isas1 x is almo/ p]p5dicul>1 not)/&+ :i*1 a c>riage-road w9ds r\nd to ! conv5t1 :i* is plac$ 9 a %elt]$ recess among ! rocks1 at ab\t half ! hight ( ! m\nta94 ,! ,llobregat ro>s at ! bottom2 & ! rock pres5ts p]p5dicul> walls f ! edge ( ! wat]3 b above ! conv5t1 ! m\nta9 divides into two cr[ns or cones1 :i* =m ! mo/ prom95t features2 :ile small] p9nacles1 blan*$ & b>e1 & split into pill>s1 pipes1 & o!r s+ul> %apes1 give a mo/ picturesque effect4 ,"h are se5 f\rte5 or fifte5 h]mitages1 :i* are scatt]$ ov] diff]5t po9ts ( ! m\nta91 "s ( !m on ! v p9nacles ( ! cones1 to :i* !y seem to gr[1 :ile o!rs are plac$ 9 cavities hewn out ( ! l(tie/ pyramids4 ,! highe/ accessible "p ( ! m\nta9 is above ! h]mitage ( ,/4 ,maddel5a1 ! desc5t f :i* is betwe5 two cones1 by a flight ( /eps1 call$ ,jacob's ladd]1 lead+ into a valley :i* runs along ! summit ( ! m\nta94 ,! cones are "h 9 ! mo/ grotesque %apes1 ! s\!rn "o be+ nam$ ! ,organ1 f its resemblance to a numb] ( pipes4 ,at ! extremity ( ?is valley1 :i* is a p]fect %rubb]y1 & on an em95ce1 /&s ! h]mitage ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 ! highe/ & mo/ remote ( all2 & ne> x is ! l(tie/ /ation ( ! :ole m\nta91 on :i* is a little *apel d$icat$ to ! ,virg94 ,f ?is elevat$ p9nacle ! prospect is va/ & spl5did4 ,al?\gh ! elem5ts h wreak$ all _! fury on ^! %att]$ peaks1 yet ,nature has n be5 sp>+ 9 h] gifts2 ! spaces betwe5 ! rocks be+ fill$ up ) close woods1 :ile num]\s ev]gre5s1 & o!r plants1 s]ve to adorn ! v>i\s *asms1 r5d]+ !m valuable depositories ( ! vegetable k+dom4 ,few1 inde$1 are ! ev]gre5s ( ,europe :i* may n be f\nd "h2 & :5 ! m\nta9 0 visit$ by ,mr4 ,sw9burne1 ! apo!c>y ( ! conv5t _h a li/ ( f\r hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 species ( plants1 & =ty ( trees1 :i* %oot up spontane\sly1 & grace ?is ho>y & v5]able pile4 ,!re be+ two spr+s only on ! m\nta91 !re is a sc>city ( wat]1 :i* is *iefly collect$ 9 ci/]ns2 an inconv5i5ce1 h[ev]1 :i* is 9 a great measure c\nt]balanc$ by ! abs5ce ( wolves1 be>s1 & o!r wild bea/s4 ,capta9 ,c>lton1 an ,engli%man1 :o visit$ ,monts]rat "s ye>s ago1 asc5d$ to ! l(tie/ h]mitage1 t ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 by ! means ( spiral /eps hewn out 9 ! rock on acc\nt ( ! /eep acclivity4 ,?is1 he obs]ves1 c\ld n1 9 8 "t1 be well accompli%$ by a /rang]1 )\t foll[+ ! foot/eps ( an old ass1 :o c>ri$ f ! conv5t a daily supply ( food to ! h]mits4 ,?is animal hav+ 8 two panni]s /or$ ) ! provisions divid$ into portions1 climb$ )\t a guide1 & hav+ /opp$ at ea* ( ! cells1 :]e ! h]mit took ! portion allott$ to him1 return$ back to ! conv5t4 ,he f\nd t "o ( ^! h]mits1 to beguile ! we>isom5ess ( 8 solitude1 _h contriv$ s effectually to tame ! birds :i* frequ5t$ ! groves surr\nd+ 8 h]mitage1 t he c\ld draw !m toge!r ) a :i/le1 :5 !y p]*$ on 8 head1 brea/1 & %\ld]s1 tak+ ! food f 8 m\?4 ,! conv5t is situat$ on ! ea/]n side ( ! m\nta91 :i* seems to h be5 split by va/ torr5ts ( wat]1 or by "s viol5t convulsion ( nature3 9 ?is way a plat=m has be5 =m$ 9 ! cleft1 suffici5tly ample = ! purpose ( its con/ruction4 ,x is "o ( ! =ty-five religi\s h\ses ( ! ,spani% congregation ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,b5$ict4 ,! monks are b\nd to supply food & lodg+ = ?ree days to all pilgrims :o come up to pay _! homage to ! ,virg92 besides :i*1 !y ent]ta9 ! h]mits on ,sundays4 ,! latt]1 :o make a v[ nev] to quit ! m\nta91 take _! /ations by s5iority1 ! junior h]mit be+ plac$ at ! greate/ di/ance f ! conv5t1 & desc5d+ progressively z ! vacancies happ54 ,!y are n altoge!r idle1 tak+ pa9s to rival ea* o!r 9 mak+ basket-"w & o!r fanciful productions1 :i* !y display ) great affability to _! visitors4 ,!y assemble e morn+ to he> mass & p]=m div9e s]vice1 9 ! p>i% *ur* ( ,/4 ,cecilia1 :i* lies consid]ably above ! conv5t2 & twice a week !y confess & communicate4 ,!y we> _! be>ds long1 & are clad 9 br[n4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,cecilia is a gloomy edifice1 ! gild+ ( :i* is mu* sulli$ by ! smoke ( eighty-five silv] lamps1 ( v>i\s =ms & sizes1 susp5d$ r\nd ! cornice ( ! sanctu>y4 ,= ! supply ( ^! ) oil1 funds h be5 bequea!d by devotees4 ,! *oir is decorat$ ) wood c>v+s1 curi\sly wr\ght1 repres5t+ ! mo/ prom95t passages 9 ! life ( ,*ri/4 ,,! ,,peak ,,( ,,t5]iffe4 ,see cut bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,peak ,,( ,,t5]iffe4 ,! isl& ( ,t5]iffe has receiv$ its pres5t "n f ! inhabitants ( ! adjac5t isl& ,palma1 9 ^: language t5] signifies sn[1 & iffe1 a hill4 ,9 ext5t1 weal?1 & f]tility x exce$s all ! o!r ,can>y isl&s4 ,x cont9ues to rise on all sides f ! sea1 until x t]m9ates 9 ! celebrat$ peak repres5t$ 9 ! cut1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 situat$ r 9 ! s\!rn "p ?an 9 ! c5t] ( ! isl&4 ,! asc5t on ! nor? side is m gradual ?an at ! o!r p>ts1 !re be+ a space along ! %ore ab\t ?ree leagues 9 bread?1 b\nd$ on ! sides by high m\nta9s1 or r cliffs2 b m inl& x rises l a hang+ g>d5 all ! way1 )\t any consid]able int]ruption ( hills or valleys4 ,! =m ( ?is isl& is triangul>1 ext5d+ itself into ?ree capes1 ! ne>e/ ( :i* is ab\t eighty leagues f ! coa/ ( ,africa4 ,9 ! middle x is divid$ by a ridge ( m\nta9s1 :i* h be5 comp>$ to ! ro( ( a *ur*1 ! peak =m+ ! spire or /eeple 9 ! c5t]4 ,! elevation ( ! peak ( ,t5]iffe1 accord+ to ! mo/ accurate measurem5t1 made by ,cordi]1 is twelve ?\s&1 "o hundr$ & sixty-six feet1 or ne>ly two miles & "o-?ird above ! level ( ! sea4 ,9 ! asc5t1 ! fir/ em95ce is call$ ,monte ,v]de1 or ! gre5 m\nta91 f ! high f]n ) :i* x is cov]$1 & pres5ts a level pla9 ( consid]able ext5t4 ,beyond ?is is ! m\nta9 ( p9es1 :i* are said to h =m]ly gr[n !re 9 great abundance2 b its /eep sides are n[ craggy & b>r51 & its :ole appe>ance v diff]5t f t ( ! em95ce describ$ above4 ,aft] pass+ ?is summit1 ! travel] rea*es a pla91 on :i* ! natives h be/[$ ! "n ( ,m\ton de ,trigo1 & ^u :i* ! peak 9 reality /&s4 ,x is a m\nta9\s plat=m1 ris+ m ?an sev5 ?\s& feet1 or ne>ly a mile & a half1 above ! level ( ! sea2 & "h ! curr5ts ( lava1 hi!rto conceal$ by ! vegetation1 beg9 to appe> 9 all _! aridity & confusion1 a few l[ly %rubs & creep+ plants alone div]sify+ ! surface ( a des]t1 ! mo/ arid & rugg$ t c be imag9$4 ,a small s&y plat=m ( pumice-/ones1 bord]$ by two enorm\s curr5ts ( vitre\s lava1 & blocks ( ! same nature1 rang$ 9 a semicircle1 =ms :at is call$ ! /ation ( ! ,engli%1 on acc\nt ( ! peak hav+ be5 s (t5 visit$ by ,briti% travel]s4 ,?is plat=m is n9ety-sev5 hundr$ & eighty-six feet1 or upw>d ( a mile & ?ree-qu>t]s above ! level ( ! sea2 & beyond x ! acclivity is v /eep1 great masses ( scori1 extremely r\gh & %>p1 cov]+ ! curr5ts ( lava4 ,t[>d ! summit1 no?+ b pumice-/one is to be se54 ,9 fact ! peak c only be asc5d$ on ! ea/ & s\?-ea/ sides4 ,z x is impossible to get r\nd ! crat]1 ! travel]'s progress is arre/$ at ! spot at :i* he rea*es x4 ,"h ! two ord]s ( volcanic sub/ances are to be se51 ! mod]n lavas be+ ?r[n up amid ! ru9s ( ejections mu* m anci5t1 ! imm5se masses ( :i* con/itute ! plat=m on :i* ! peak is plac$4 ,! %att]$ sides pres5t a s]ies ( ?ick b$s1 almo/ all plung+ t[>d ! sea1 compos$ alt]nately ( a%es1 volcanic s&1 pumice-/ones1 lavas1 ei!r compact or por\s1 & scori4 ,an incalculable numb] ( curr5ts1 comp>atively rec5t1 :i* h desc5d$ f ! peak1 or h issu$ f its flanks1 =m irregul> furr[s1 :i* run along ! m anci5t masses1 & lose !mselves 9 ! sea to ! we/ & nor?4 ,among ^! curr5ts m ?an eighty crat]s are scatt]$1 & augm5t ) _! ru9s ! confusion :i* prevails ?r\gh\t4 ,! crat] c alone be rea*$ by desc5d+ d[n ?ree *asms4 ,its sides are absolutely precipit\s )91 & are mo/ elevat$ t[>d ! nor?4 ,its =m is elliptical2 its circumf]5ce ab\t twelve hundr$ feet2 & its dep? accord+ to ,cordi]1 "o hundr$ & t5 feet4 ,humboldt1 h[ev]1 e/imates x at n m ?an f =ty to sixty feet4 ,! sides are1 agreeably to ! =m] ( ^! obs]v]s1 =m$ ( an e>? ( sn[y :it5ess1 result+ f ! decomposition ( ! blacke/ & h>de/ vitre\s porphyritic lava4 ,all ! re/ is solid1 & ! l[e/ "p occupi$ by blocks1 :i* h fall5 d[n f ! sides4 ,^! solid p>ts are cov]$ ) %9+ cry/als ( sulphur1 ( a rhomboidal & octah$ral figure1 "s ( :i* are ne>ly an in* high1 & are1 p]haps1 ! f9e/ specim5s ( native volcanic sulphur yet kn[n4 ,vapors issue 9 abundance f among ^! blocks1 & f an inf9ity ( fissures :i* pres]ve a v int5se heat4 ,^! vapors consi/ solely ( sulphur & wat]1 p]fectly insipid4 ,beside ! incru/ations ( sulphur1 opal1 9 ?9 plates1 is =m$ ) great cel]ity4 ,humboldt reg>ds ! peak ( ,t5]iffe z an enorm\s basaltic m\nta91 re/+ ^u a d5se second>y calc>e\s /one4 ,v>i\s travel]s h ass]t$1 t ! cold is int5sely ke5 on ! summit ( ! peak2 t respiration is difficult2 & t1 p>ticul>ly1 spiritu\s liquors lose all _! /r5g?2 :i* latt] circum/ance !y ascribe to ! _s be+ m or less expos$ to ! sulphure\s fumes exhal$ f ! crat]4 ,cordi]1 & sev]al o!r accurate obs]v]s1 decl>e1 h[ev]1 t nei!r ! smell nor ! /r5g? ( liquids appe>$1 at ?is elevation1 to be 9 ! lea/ degree impair$2 & t volatile alkali1 e!r1 & _s ( w9e1 possess$ _! usual pung5cy4 ,!y add1 t ! cold is v supportable2 & t nei!r ! aque\s sulphure\s vapors1 nor ! r>ity ( ! air1 r5d] brea?+ difficult4 ,we extract ! foll[+ int]e/+ p>ticul>s f ,humboldt's acc\nt ( 8 visit to ,t5]iffe4 8,t[>d ?ree 9 ! morn+1 by ! sombr\s light ( a few fir tor*es1 we began our exp$ition = ! summit ( ! ,piton4 ,we scal$ ! volcano on ! nor?-ea/1 :]e ! declivities are extremely /eep2 & came1 aft] two h\rs' toil1 to a small pla91 :i* on acc\nt ( its isolat$ situation1 be>s ! "n ( ,alta ,vi/a4 ,x is ! /ation also ( ! ,nev]os1 ^? natives ^: occupation x is to collect ice & sn[1 :i* !y sell 9 ! neighbor+ t[ns4 ,_! mules1 bett] practic$ 9 climb+ m\nta9s ?an ^? hir$ by travel]s1 rea* ,alta ,vi/a1 & ! ,nev]os are oblig$ to transport ! sn[ to ?is place on _! backs4 ,above ?is po9t ! ,malpays beg9s2 a t]m by :i* is designat$ "h1 z well z 9 ,mexico1 ,p]u1 & e o!r c\ntry subject to volcanoes1 a gr\nd de/itute ( vegetable mold1 & cov]$ ) fragm5ts ( lavas4 8,we obs]v$1 dur+ ! twilight1 a ph5om5on :i* is n unusual on high m\nta9s1 b :i* ! position ( ! volcano we 7 scal+ r5d]$ v /rik+4 ,a lay] ( :ite & fleecy cl\ds conceal$ f u ! sight ( ! ocean1 & ! l[] region ( ! isl&4 ,?is lay] did n appe> above sixte5 hundr$ y>ds high2 ! cl\ds 7 s uni=mly spread1 & kept s p]fect a level1 t !y wore ! appe>ance ( a va/ pla9 cov]$ ) sn[4 ,! colossal pyramid ( ! peak1 ! volcanic summits ( ,lanz]ota1 ( ,=tav5tura1 & ! isle ( ,palma1 7 l rocks amid/ ?is va/ sea ( vapors1 & _! black t9ts 7 9 f9e contra/ ) ! :it5ess ( ! cl\ds40 ,by an a/ronomical obs]vation1 made at ! above elevation at sunrise1 x 0 asc]ta9$ t ! true horizon1 t is1 a "p ( ! sea1 0 di/ant "o hundr$ & ?irty miles4 ,our travel] proce$s ?us3 8,we _h yet to scale ! /eepe/ "p ( ! m\nta91 ! ,piton1 :i* =ms ! summit4 ,! slope ( ?is small cone1 cov]$ ) volcanic a%es1 & fragm5ts ( pumice-/one1 is s /eep1 t x w\ld h be5 almo/ impossible to rea* ! top1 _h we n asc5d$ by an old curr5t ( lava1 ! wrecks ( :i* h resi/$ ! ravages ( "t4 ,^! wrecks =m a wall ( scori\s rocks1 :i* /ret*es itself into ! mid/ ( ! loose a%es4 ,we asc5d$ ! ,piton by grasp+ ^! half-decompos$ scori1 ! %>p edges ( :i* rema9$ (t5 9 our h&s4 ,we employ$ ne>ly half an h\r to scale a hill1 ! p]p5dicul> hight ( :i* does n exce$ five hundr$ feet4 8,:5 we ga9$ ! summit ( ! ,piton1 we 7 surpris$ to f9d sc>cely room en\gh to seat ourselves conv5i5tly4 ,! we/ w9d blew ) su* viol5ce t we c\ld sc>cely /&4 ,x 0 eight 9 ! morn+1 & we 7 froz5 ) cold1 ?\gh ! !rmomet] kept a little above ! freez+ po9t4 8,! wall1 :i* surr\nds ! crat] l a p>apet1 is s high1 t x w\ld be impossible to rea* ! ,cald]a1 if on ! ea/]n side !re 0 n a brea*1 :i* seems to h be5 ! effect ( a fl[+ ( v old lava4 ,we desc5d$ ?r\gh ?is brea* t[>d ! bottom ( ! tunnel1 ! figure ( :i* is elliptical4 ,! greate/ bread? ( ! m\? appe>$ to u to be ?ree hundr$ feet1 ! smalle/ two hundr$ feet4 8,we desc5d$ to ! bottom ( ! crat] on a tra9 ( brok5 lava1 f ! ea/]n brea* ( ! inclosure4 ,! heat 0 p]ceptible only 9 a few crevices1 :i* gave v5t to aque\s vapors1 ) a peculi> buzz+ noise4 ,"s ( ^! funnels or ,crevices are on ! outside ( ! inclosure1 on ! ext]nal br9k ( ! p>apet t surr\nds ! crat]4 ,we plung$ ! !rmomet] into !m1 & saw x rise rapidly to sixty-eight & sev5ty-five degrees4 8,we prolong$ 9 va9 our /ay on ! summit ( ! peak1 to wait ! mom5t :5 we might enjoy ! view ( ! :ole ( ! ar*ipelago ( ! ,=tunate isl&s4 ,we discov]$ ,palma1 ,gom]a1 & ! ,great ,can>y1 at our feet4 ,! m\nta9s ( ,lanz]ota1 free f vapors at sunrise1 7 soon envelop$ 9 ?ick cl\ds4 ,on a supposition only ( an ord9>y refraction1 ! eye takes 91 9 calm wea!r1 f ! summit ( ! volcano1 a surface ( ! globe ( fifty-sev5 hundr$ squ>e leagues1 equal to a f\r? ( ! surface ( ,spa94 8,not)/&+ ! heat we felt 9 our feet on ! edge ( ! crat]1 ! cone ( a%es rema9s cov]$ ) sn[ dur+ sev]al mon?s 9 ! w9t]4 ,x is probable1 t "u ! cap ( sn[ consid]able holl[s are f\nd1 l ^? we f9d "u ! glaci]s ( ,switz]l&1 ! temp]ature ( :i* is con/antly less elevat$ ?an t ( ! soil on :i* !y repose4 ,! cold & viol5t w9d :i* blew f ! "t ( sunrise1 engag$ u to seek %elt] at ! foot ( ! ,piton4 ,our h&s & faces 7 froz51 :ile our boots 7 burnt by ! soil on :i* we walk$4 ,we desc5d$ 9 ! space ( a few m9utes ! sug>-loaf1 :i* we _h scal$ ) s mu* toil2 & ?is rapidity 0 9 "p involunt>y1 = we (t5 roll$ d[n on ! a%es4 ,x 0 ) regret t we quitt$ ?is solit>y place1 ?is doma9 :]e ,nature t[]s 9 all h] maje/y40 ,to ! above we subjo9 ! foll[+ extract f ! acc\nt publi%$ 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,geological ,society1 by ! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,b5net4 ,at ! di/ance ( ?irty-f\r leagues f ! isl&1 ,mr4 ,b5net _h a v di/9ct view ( ! peak1 ris+ l a cone f ! b$ ( ! ocean4 ,! rocks & /rata ( ,t5]iffe1 he obs]ves1 are :olly volcanic1 ! long *a9 ( m\nta9s1 :i* may be t]m$ ! c5tral *a91 trav]s+ ! isl& f ! foot ( ! second region ( ! peak1 & slop+ d[n on ! ea/]n1 we/]n & nor!rn sides1 to ! sea4 ,t[>d ! s\?1 or m prop]ly ! s\?-s\?-we/1 ! m\nta9s are ne>ly p]p5dicul>1 & ?\gh brok5 into ridges1 & occasionally sep>at$ by deep rav9es1 t are cut transv]sely z well z longitud9ally1 !re are none ( ^? pla9s1 nor t gradual decl9ation ( /rata1 :i* ! s\?-ea/]n & nor?-we/]n sides ( ! isl& exhibit4 ,mr4 ,b5net asc5d$ ! peak 9 ! mon? ( ,septemb]1 #ahaj4 ,we give ! abridg$ details ( ?is exp$ition 9 8 own words4 8,! road to ! city ( ,orotava1 is a gradual & easy slope = ?ree or f\r miles1 ?r\gh a highly cultivat$ c\ntry4 ,leav+ ! t[n1 aft] a /eep asc5t ( ab\t an h\r1 ?r\gh a deep rav9e1 we quitt$ ! cultivat$ "p1 & ent]$ into =e/s ( *e/nuts1 ! trees ( :i* are ( a l>ge size4 ,! =m ( ?is =e/ is oblong2 ! soil is deep1 & =m$ ( decompos$ lava1 small a% & pumice4 ,i exam9$ sev]al *annels 9 ! /rata1 or rav9es worn by ! ra9s1 & !re 0 no appe>ance ( any o!r rock4 ,leav+ ?is =e/1 ! track passes ov] a s]ies ( gre5 hills1 :i* we trav]s$ 9 ab\t two h\rs1 & at la/ halt$ to wat] our mules at a spot :]e !re is a small spr+ ( bad & bracki% wat] issu+ f a lava rock4 ,! rav9e is ( consid]able dep?4 ,! range ( gre5 hills ext5ds a mile or two fur!r1 ! soil %all[+ by degrees1 until at l5g? ! trees & %rubs gradually dw9dl+ 9 size1 ! ,spani% broom alone cov]s ! gr\nd4 ,leav+ beh9d u ?is range ( gre5 hills1 ! track1 /ill asc5d+1 leads = sev]al h\rs across a /eep & difficult mass ( lava-rock1 brok5 "h & !re into /range & fanta/ic =ms1 worn into deep rav9es1 & scantly cov]$ 9 places by a ?9 lay] ( yell[ pumice4 ,z we proce$$ on our road1 ! hills on our left gradually rose 9 hight1 till ! summits 7 lo/ 9 ^? ( ! c5tral *a92 :ile1 on our "r1 we 7 rapidly ga9+ an elevation above ! l[] range ( ! peak4 ,we met ) sev]al small conical hills1 or m\?s ( ext9ct volcanoes1 ! decompos$ lava on ! edges ( ! crat]s hav+ a /rong r$ o*re\s t9t4 ,at l5g?1 an imm5se undulat$ pla9 spreads itself l a fan1 on all sides1 ne>ly z f> z ! eye c rea*4 ,?is pla9 is b\nd$ on ! we/-s\?-we/ & s\?-s\?-we/1 by ! regions ( ! peak2 & on ! ea/ & nor?-ea/1 by a range ( /eep p]p5dicul> precipices & m\nta9s1 _m leagues 9 circumf]5ce1 call$ by ! ,spani>ds ,las ,faldas4 ,on ?is pla91 or des]t1 = we _h long left all %[ ( vegetation1 except a few /unt$ plants ( ,spani% broom1 a s5sible *ange 0 felt 9 ! atmosph]e2 ! w9d 0 ke5 & %>p1 & ! climate l t ( ,engl& 9 ! mon?s ( autumn4 ,all "h 0 sad1 sil5t & solit>y4 ,we saw at a di/ance ! f]tile pla9s on ! coa/1 ly+ z x 7 "u our feet1 & af=d+ a *e]ful contra/ to ! sc5es ( desolation ) :i* we 7 surr\nd$4 ,we 7 already sev5 or eight ?\s& feet above ! level ( ! sea1 & _h rea*$ ! bottom ( ! second region ( ! peak4 8,hav+ rea*$ ! end ( ! pla91 we f\nd ourselves at ! bottom ( a /eep hill1 at ! foot ( :i* is a mass or curr5t ( lava4 ,aft] a labori\s1 n to say haz>d\s asc5t ( ab\t an h\r1 ! pumice & a% gave way1 & ! mules s9k+ knee-deep at e /ep1 we arriv$ at ab\t five 9 ! aft]noon at ! o!r extremity ( ! /ream ( lava1 :i*1 desc5d+ f ! summit ( ! second region ( ! peak1 divides at ! foot ( ! cone into two bran*es1 ! "o runn+ to ! nor?-ea/1 & ! o!r to ! nor?-we/4 ,x 0 "h we 7 to pass ! night2 s1 light+ a fire made ( dry bran*es ( ! ,spani% broom1 & /ret*+ a "p ( a sail ov] a portion ( ! rock1 we ate our d9n] & laid ourselves d[n to sleep4 ,i1 h[ev]1 pass$ ! be/ "p ( ! night by ! fire1 ! wea!r be+ pi]c+ly cold4 ,z ,i /ood by ! fire1 ! view all ar\nd me 0 wild & t]rific2 ! moon rose ab\t t5 at night1 &1 ?\gh 9 h] ?ird qu>t]1 gave suffici5t light to %[ ! wa/e & wild]ness by :i* we 7 surr\nd$4 ,! peak & ! upp] regions :i* we _h yet to asc5d1 t[]$ awfully above our heads1 :ile bel[1 ! m\nta9s t _h appe>$ ( su* a hight 9 ! morn+1 & _h co/ u a day's labor to climb1 lay /ret*$ z pla9s at our feet4 ,f ! uncommon r>ity ( ! atmosph]e1 ! :ole vault ( heav5 appe>$ /udd$ ) innum]able />s1 :ile ! valleys ( ,orotava 7 hidd5 f our view by a ?9 vail ( light fleecy cl\ds1 t float$ f> b5ea? ! elevat$ spot we _h *os5 = our re/+-place2 ! solemn /illness ( ! night 0 only int]rupt$ by ! crackl+ ( ! fire r\nd :i* we /ood1 & by ! :i/l+ ( ! w9d1 :i* com+ 9 holl[ gu/s f ! m\nta91 resembl$ ! ro> ( di/ant cannon4 8,betwe5 two & ?ree 9 ! morn+1 we resum$1 on foot1 our asc5t ( ! m\nta91 ! l[] "p ( :i* we _h climb$ on horseback ! prec$+ ev5+2 ! asc5t1 h[ev]1 became mu* m rapid & difficult1 our feet s9k+ deep 9 ! a%es at e /ep4 ,f ! uncommon %>pness ( ! acclivity1 we 7 oblig$ to /op (t5 to take brea?3 aft] sev]al halts1 we at la/ rea*$ ! head ( ! pumice hill4 ,aft] re/+ "s %ort "t "h1 we began to climb ! /ream ( lava1 /epp+ f mass to mass4 ,! asc5t is /eep1 pa9ful & haz>d\s2 9 "s places ! /ream ( lava is heap$ up 9 dykes or embankm5ts2 & we 7 oblig$ to clamb] ov] !m z "o asc5ds a /eep wall4 8,we halt$ sev]al times dur+ ! asc5t1 & at la/ rea*$ a spot call$ ,la ,cueva1 "o ( ! num]\s caves t are f\nd on ! sides ( ! m\nta92 ?is is ! l>ge/ ( !m1 & is fill$ ) sn[ & ! mo/ delici\s wat]1 :i* 0 j at ! po9t ( congelation4 ,! desc5t into x is difficult1 x be+ ?irty or =ty feet deep4 ,"o ( our p>ty let himself d[n by a rope3 he c\ld n see ! ext5t ( ! cave1 b ! guides decl>$ x to be ?ree hundr$ feet 9 l5g?1 & to conta9 ?irty or =ty feet ( wat] 9 dep?4 ,! ro( & sides are compos$ ( a f9e /alactitic lava1 simil> to t f\nd on ,vesuvius1 & x is ( ! same nature z t :i* fl[$ on ! surface4 ,we re/$ "h ab\t half an h\r1 dur+ :i* we _h an opportunity ( obs]v+ ! ris+ ( ! sun1 & t s+ul> & rapid *ange ( night into day1 :i* is ! consequ5ce ( an almo/ entire abs5ce ( twilight4 ,z we asc5d$ ! nor?-ea/ side ( ! m\nta91 ?is view 0 /rik+ly beautiful3 at fir/ !re appe>$ a bright /reak ( r$ on ! horizon1 :i* gradually spread itself1 light+ up ! heav5s by degrees1 & gr[+ bright] & bright]1 till at la/ ! sun bur/ =? f ! b$ ( ! ocean1 gild+ z x rose ! m\nta9s ( ,t5]iffe1 & ^? ( ! ,great ,can>y2 9 a %ort "t ! :ole c\ntry to ! ea/w>d lay spread out z a map4 ,! ,great ,can>y 0 easily to be di/+ui%$2 & its rugg$ & m\nta9\s "*1 simil> to t ( ! o!r isl&s1 became visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,! cold at ?is "t 0 int5se1 ! w9d ke5 & /rong1 & ! !rmomet] sunk to ?irty-two degrees4 ,aft] a %ort ?\gh rapid asc5t1 we rea*$ ! summit ( ! second /age ( ! m\nta91 pass+ ov] a small pla9 ( :ite pumice1 on :i* 7 spread masses ( lava1 & at l5g? arriv$ at ! foot ( ! cone4 ,?is division ( ! m\nta9 =ms :at is g5]ally t]m$ ! peak ( ,t5]iffe3 x repres5ts ! pres5t crat] ( ,vesuvius1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 t :ile ! surface ( t m\nta9 is compos$ ( a black c9d] or a%1 ! sup]fices ( ?is appe> to be a deposit ( pumice ( a :ite color1 ( scori & lava1 ) "h & !re consid]able masses t 7 probably ?r[n out :5 ! volcano 0 9 action4 ,num]\s small cavities on ! side ( ! m\nta9 emitt$ vapor1 ) consid]able heat4 ,"h beg9s ! only fatigu+ "p ( ! asc5t2 ! /eepness ( ! cone is excessive2 at ea* /ep our feet sunk into ! a%1 & l>ge masses ( pumice & lava roll$ d[n f above2 we 7 all bruis$1 & our feet & legs 7 cut1 b n mat]ially hurt3 at la/ we surm\nt$ all difficulties1 & seat$ ourselves on ! highe/ ridge ( ! m\nta94 ,?is upp]mo/ region does n appe> to conta9 9 sup]ficies m ?an an acre & a half1 & is itself a small crat]1 ! walls ( :i* are ! diff]5t po9ts on :i* we sat1 & are pla9ly visible f bel[4 ,)91 ! lava is 9 ! mo/ rapid /ate ( decomposition4 ,! surface is hot to ! feet1 & ! guides said x 0 dang]\s to rema9 long 9 "o spot3 z x 01 "s ( u sunk to our knees 9 ! hot deposit ( sulphur4 ,^u /rik+ ! gr\nd ) ! feet1 ! s\nd is holl[1 simil> to :at is produc$ by ! same impulsion on ! crat]s ( ,vesuvius & ,solfat]ra4 ,i e/imate ! dep? ( ! crat] to be1 f ! highe/ ridge to ! bottom1 ab\t two hundr$ feet1 =m+ an easy & gradual desc5t4 8,! view f ! summit is /up5d\s3 we c\ld pla9ly discov] ! :ole =m ( ! isl&1 & we made out di/9ctly ?ree or f\r ( ! isl&s1 :i*1 collectively1 are call$ ! ,can>ies2 we c\ld n1 h[ev]1 see ,lanc]otte or ,fu]tev5tura1 ?\gh we 7 told t o!r travel]s _h di/+ui%$ !m all4 8,f ?is spot1 ! c5tral *a9 ( m\nta9s t run f s\?-we/ to nor?-ea/1 is easily to be di/+ui%$4 ,^!1 ) ! succession ( f]tile & woody valleys1 comm5c+ f ,san ,ursula1 & end+ at ,las ,horcas1 ) ! long l9e ( precipit\s lava rocks t lay on ! "r ( our asc5t1 & :i* trav]se t "p ( ! isl& runn+ f ea/ to we/1 f _! po9t ( dep>ture at ! ,canales1 to :]e !y end 9 an abrupt headl& on ! coa/1 ) _! =e/s1 & villages1 & v9ey>ds1 ! port ) ! %ipp+ 9 ! roads1 ! t[n ( ,orotava1 ) its spires glitt]+ z ! morn+ sun bur/ ^u !m1 af=d a *e]ful contra/ to ! /reams ( lava1 ! m\nds ( a% & pumice1 & ! sulphurat$ rock on :i* we _h tak5 our seat4 ,! s5sation ( extreme hight 0 9 fact "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y ,i ev] felt2 & ?\gh ,i did n f9d ! pa9 9 my *e/ aris+ f ! r>ity ( ! atmosph]e1 by any means s acute z on ! m\nta9s ( ,switz]l&1 yet !re 0 a ke5ness 9 ! air1 indep5d5t ( ! cold1 t creat$ no small uneas9ess 9 ! lungs4 ,! respiration became %ort & quick1 & repeat$ halts 7 f\nd necess>y4 ,! idea also ( extreme hight 0 to me m det]m9ate & precise ?an on ! m\nta9s ( ,switz]l&2 & ?\gh ! imm$iate objects ( vision 7 n s num]\s1 yet z ! asc5t is m rapid1 ! declivity %>p]1 & !re is "h no m\nta9 l ,mont ,blanc t[]+ above y1 ! twelve ?\s& feet above ! level ( ! sea appe>$ consid]ably m ?an a simil> elevation above ! lake ( ,g5eva4 ,we rema9$ at ! summit ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 our asc5t hav+ co/ u ! labor ( f\r h\rs1 z we left ,la ,e/ancia at t5 m9utes be=e ?ree1 & rea*$ ! top ( ! peak be=e sev54 ,our !rmomet]1 :i* 0 graduat$ to ! scale ( ,fahr5heit1 01 dur+ our asc5t1 z foll[s3 at ,orotava1 at eight 9 ! morn+1 sev5ty-f\r degrees2 at six 9 ! ev5+1 at ,la ,e/ancia1 fifty degrees2 at "o1 9 ! foll[+ morn+1 =ty-two degrees2 at ,la ,cueva1 at half pa/ f\r1 ?irty-two degrees2 at ! bottom ( ! cone1 ?irty-six degrees2 at ! top ( ! peak1 "o h\r & a half aft] sunrise1 ?irty-?ree degrees4 ,! desc5t d[n ! cone is difficult1 f its extreme rapidity1 & f ! fall ( l>ge /ones1 :i* loos5 !mselves f ! b$s ( pumice4 ,hav+ at la/ scrambl$ to ! bottom1 we pursu$ our m>* d[n ! o!r c\rse ( ! lava1 t is to say1 d[n its we/]ly side1 hav+ asc5d$ its ea/]n4 ,! rav9es & r5ts 9 ?is /ream ( lava are deep & =midable2 ! desc5t into !m is always pa9ful & tr\blesome1 (t5 dang]\s3 9 "s places we let ourselves d[n f rock to rock4 ,i c =m no op9ion :y !re %\ld be ^! /range irregul>ities 9 ! surface ( ?is lava2 9 places x resembles :at sailors t]m ! tr\gh ( ! sea1 & ,i c comp>e x to no?+ b z if ! sea 9 a /orm1 _h by "s =ce become on a sudd5 /ation>y1 ! waves reta9+ _! swell4 ,z we aga9 approa*$ ,la ,cueva1 we came to a s+ul> /eep valley1 ! dep? ( :i*1 f its two sides1 c n be less ?an "o hundr$ to "o hundr$ & fifty feet1 ! lava ly+ 9 brok5 ridges "o ^u ! o!r1 simil> to ! masses ( granite rock t "t & decay h tumbl$ d[n f ! top ( ! ,alps2 &1 except f ! scori1 or :at ,milton calls #8! fi]y surge1' !y 9 no degree be> ! m>ks ( hav+ roll$ z a /ream ( liquid matt]4 8,we desc5d$ ! pumice hill ) great rapidity1 almo/ at a run1 & arriv$ at ,la ,e/ancia 9 little m ?an two h\rs4 ,we !n m\nt$ our mules1 & foll[+ ! track by :i* we _h asc5d$ ! prec$+ day1 we rea*$1 ab\t f\r o'clock1 ! c\ntry-h\se f :i* we _h />t$40 ,! fir/ eruption ( :i* !re is any di/9ct acc\nt1 occurr$ on ! tw5ty-f\r? ( ,decemb]1 #agjd1 :5 tw5ty-n9e %ocks ( an e>?quake 7 di/9ctly felt4 ,on ! ?irty-fir/ a great light 0 obs]v$ on ,manja1 t[>d ! ,:ite m\nta9s4 ,"h ! e>? op5$1 & two volcanoes 7 =m$1 :i* ?rew up su* heaps ( /ones z to raise two consid]able m\nta9s3 ! combu/ible matt]1 :i* /ill cont9u$ to be ?r[n up1 k9dl$ above fifty fires 9 ! vic9ity4 ,! :ole c\ntry = ?ree leagues r\nd 0 9 flames1 :i* 7 increas$ by ano!r volcano op5+ by at lea/ ?irty diff]5t v5ts )9 ! circumf]5ce ( half a mile4 ,on ! second ( ,febru>y foll[+1 ano!r volcano broke out 9 ! t[n ( ,guim>1 swall[+ up a l>ge *ur*4 ,a subsequ5t eruption 9 #agjf fill$ up ! port ( ,gu>a*ico4 ,! lava1 9 its desc5t1 ran five leagues 9 six h\rs2 & on ?is lava1 h\ses are n[ built :]e %ips =m]ly rode at an*or4 ,nei!r ( ^! eruptions 0 f ! crat] on ! summit ( ! peak1 = t has n eject$ lava = c5turies1 & x n[ issues f ! flanks only4 ,! la/ eruption 0 on ! n9? ( ,june1 #agih1 & 0 v t]rible4 ,?ree new m\?s op5$ at ! hight ( eighty-"o hundr$ & ?irty feet1 or upw>d ( a mile & a half above ! level ( ! sea1 ^u ! incl9$ slope ( ! base ( ! peak t[>d ! s\?-we/4 ,above ?is1 at ! hight ( t5 ?\s&1 two hundr$ & =ty feet1 or ne>ly two miles1 ,m4 ,cordi] f\nd a va/ crat] ne>ly f\r miles & a half 9 circumf]5ce1 :i* lie asc]ta9$ to be v anci5t4 ,its sides are extremely /eep1 & x /ill pres5ts ! mo/ frightful picture ( ! viol5ce ( subt]rane\s fire4 ,! peak rises f ! sides ( ?is mon/r\s ap]ture4 ,to ! s\?-we/ is ! m\nta9 ( ,cahora1 :i* is said to h become a volcano 9 #agig4 ,! o!r m\nta9s ( ,t5]iffe1 :i* tradition reports to h be5 =m]ly volcanoes1 are ,monte ,roxo1 or ! r$ m\nta92 sev]al m\nta9s1 call$ ! ,malpasses1 ly+ to ! ea/w>d2 & "o 7,rejada7 9 a s\!rn direction4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! di/ance betwe5 ,monte ,roxo & ! bay ( ,adexe1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,glass1 ! %ore is ab\t tw5ty-five hundr$ feet1 or ne>ly half a mile 9 hight1 & p]p5dicul> z a wall4 ,! s\!rn coa/ has a mu* sup]ior elevation1 ! *a9 ( m\nta9s by :i* x is b\nd$ be+1 agreeably to ,/4 ,v9c5t1 eighty-?ree hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 or m ?an a mile & a half1 above ! level ( ! sea4 ,,! ,,s\ffri]e ,,m\nta94 ,?is volcanic m\nta91 ! dreadful eruption ( :i* we are ab\t to describe1 is ! mo/ elevat$ & mo/ nor!rly ( ! l(ty *a9 runn+ ?r\gh ! ,we/ ,india isl& ( ,/4 ,v9c5t4 ,f ! extraord9>y frequ5cy & viol5ce ( ! e>?quakes1 :i* 9 #ahaa1 are calculat$ to h exce$$ two hundr$1 "s great movem5t or eruption 0 look$ =4 ,9 ! int]im ! m\nta9 indicat$ mu* disquietude2 b ! appreh5sion 0 n s imm$iate z to re/ra9 curiosity1 or to prev5t repeat$ visits to ! crat]1 :i* _h latt]ly be5 m num]\s ?an ev]4 ,ev5 on ! tw5ty-six? ( ,april1 #ahab1 ! day prec$+ ! eruption1 sev]al g5tlem5 asc5d$ & rema9$ !re = "s "t4 ,no?+ unusual 0 !n rem>k$1 nor any ext]nal diff]5ce obs]v$1 except r a /rong] emission ( smoke f ! int]/ices ( ! conical hill1 at ! bottom ( ! crat]4 ,to ^? :o h n visit$ ?is romantic & wond]ful spot1 a slight description ( x1 z x lately /ood1 is previ\sly necess>y4 8,ab\t two ?\s& feet f ! level ( ! sea1 on ! s\? side ( ! m\nta91 & at r m ?an two-?irds ( its hight1 op5s a circul> *asm1 some:at exce$+ half a mile 9 diamet]1 & betwe5 f\r hundr$ & five hundr$ feet 9 dep?4 ,exactly 9 ! c5t] ( ?is capaci\s b[l1 rose a conical hill ab\t two hundr$ & sixty or ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight1 & ab\t two hundr$ 9 diamet]1 ri*ly cov]$ & v>iegat$ ) %rubs1 bru%wood & v9es1 above half-way up1 & ! rema9d] cov]$ ov] ) virg9 sulphur to ! top4 ,f ! fissures ( ! cone & int]/ices ( ! rocks1 a ?9 :ite smoke 0 con/antly emitt$1 occasionally t+$ ) a slight blui% flame4 ,! precipit\s sides ( ?is magnific5t amphi!at] 7 fr+$ ) v>i\s ev]gre5s & aromatic %rubs1 fl[]s1 & _m alp9e plants4 ,on ! nor? & s\? sides ( ! base ( ! cone 7 two pieces ( wat]1 "o p]fectly pure & ta/eless1 ! o!r /rongly impregnat$ ) sulphur & alum4 ,?is lonely & beautiful spot 0 r5d]$ m en*ant+ by ! s+ul>ly melodi\s notes ( a bird1 an inhabitant ( ^! upp] solitudes1 & altoge!r unkn[n to ! o!r p>ts ( ! isl&1 h5ce pr9cipally call$ or suppos$ to be invisible1 ?\gh x c]ta9ly has be5 se51 & is a species ( blackbird4 8,a c5tury _h n[ elaps$ s9ce ! la/ convulsion ( ! m\nta91 or s9ce any o!r elem5ts _h di/urb$ ! s]5ity ( ?is wild]ness1 besides ^? :i* are common to ! tropical tempe/4 ,x app>5tly slumb]$ 9 primeval solitude & tranquillity1 & f ! luxuriant vegetation & gr[? ( ! =e/1 :i* cov]$ its side f ! base ne>ly to ! summit1 seem$ to disc\nt5ance ! fact1 & falsify ! records ( ! anci5t volcano4 ,su* 0 ! maje/ic1 peaceful ,s\ffri]e1 on ,april ! tw5ty-sev5?2 b our imag9>y safety 0 soon to be conf\nd$ by ! sudd5 dang] ( deva/ation4 ,j z ! plantation bell rang at noon on t day1 an abrupt & dreadful cra% f ! m\nta91 ) a sev]e concussion ( ! e>?1 & tremul\s noise 9 ! air1 al>m$ all ar\nd x4 ,! resurrection ( ?is fi]y furnace 0 proclaim$ 9 a mom5t by a va/ column ( ?ick1 black1 ropy smoke1 l t ( an imm5se glass-h\se1 bur/+ =? at once1 & m\nt+ to ! sky2 %[]+ d[n s&1 gritty calc9$ p>ticles ( e>? & a%es mix$1 on all bel[4 ,?is1 driv5 be=e ! w9d t[>d ,wallib\ & ,morne ,ronde1 d>k5$ ! air l a cat>act ( ra91 & cov]$ ! ridges1 woods & cane-pieces ) light gray-color$ a%es1 resembl+ sn[ :5 slightly cov]$ by du/4 ,z ! eruption increas$1 ?is cont9ual %[] exp&$1 de/roy+ e appe>ance ( vegetation4 ,at night a v consid]able degree ( ignition 0 obs]v$ on ! lips ( ! crat]2 b x is n ass]t$ t !re 0 z yet any visible asc5sion ( flame4 ,! same awful sc5e pres5t$ itself on ! foll[+ day2 ! fall ( a%es & calc9$ pebbles /ill increas+1 & ! compact1 pit*y column f ! crat] ris+ p]p5dicul>ly to an imm5se hight1 ) a noise at int]vals l ! mutt]+ ( di/ant ?und]4 8,on ,w$nesday1 ! tw5ty-n9?1 all ^! m5ac+ symptoms ( horror & combu/ion /ill ga!r$ m ?ick & t]rific = miles ar\nd ! dismal & half-obscur$ m\nta94 ,! prodigi\s column %ot up ) quick] motion1 dilat+ z x rose l a balloon4 ,! sun appe>$ 9 total eclipse1 & %$ a m]idian ( twilight ov] u1 t aggravat$ ! w9try gloom ( ! sc5e1 n[ completely p[d]$ ov] ) fall+ p>ticles4 ,x 0 evid5t t ! crisis 0 yet to come1 t ! burn+ fluid 0 /ruggl+ = a v5t1 & labor+ to ?r[ (f ! sup]9cumb5t /rata & ob/ructions1 :i* suppress$ its torr5t4 ,at night1 x 0 manife/ t x _h greatly dis5gag$ itself f its burd51 by ! appe>ance ( fire fla%+ above ! m\? ( ! crat]4 8,on ! memorable ?irtie? ( ,april1 ! reflection ( ! ris+ sun on ?is maje/ic body ( curl+ vapor 0 sublime beyond imag9ation3 any comp>ison ( ! ,glaci]s1 or ( ! ,&es1 c b feebly convey an idea ( ! fleecy :it5ess & brilliancy ( ?is awful column ( int]m+l$ & wrea!d smoke & cl\ds4 ,x aft]w>d assum$ a m sulphure\s ca/1 l :at are call$ ?und]-cl\ds1 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! day _h a f]rug9\s & sangu9e appe>ance1 ) a mu* liveli] action 9 ! asc5t1 & a m ext5sive dilatation1 z if almo/ fre$ f e ob/ruction4 ,9 ! aft]noon1 ! noise 0 incessant1 & resembl$ ! approa* ( ?und] /ill ne>] & ne>]1 ) a vibration t affect$ ! feel+s & he>+3 z yet !re 0 no convulsive motion1 or s5sible e>?quake4 ,! ,*>aibs settl$ at ,morne ,ronde1 at ! foot ( ! ,s\ffri]e1 ab&on$ _! h\ses1 ) _! live /ock1 & ev]y?+ !y possess$1 & fl$ precipitately t[>d t[n4 ,! negroes became confus$1 =sook _! "w1 look$ up to ! m\nta91 &1 z x %ook1 trembl$1 ) ! dread ( :at !y c\ld nei!r und]/& or describe3 ! birds fell to ! gr\nd1 ov]p[]$ ) %[]s ( a%es1 unable to keep !mselves on ! w+2 ! cattle 7 />v+ = want ( food1 z n a blade ( grass or a leaf 0 n[ to be f\nd2 ! sea 0 mu* discolor$1 b n uncommonly agitat$2 & x is rem>kable1 t ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ?is viol5t di/urbance ( ! e>?1 x cont9u$ q passive1 & did n at any "t sympa?ize ) ! agitation ( ! l&4 ,ab\t f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 ! noise became m al>m+1 & j be=e sunset ! cl\ds reflect$ a bright copp] color1 suffus$ ) fire4 ,sc>cely _h ! day clos$1 :5 ! flames bur/ at l5g? pyramidically f ! crat]1 ?r\gh ! mass ( smoke2 ! roll+ ( ! ?und] became m awful & deaf5+2 electric fla%es quickly succe$$1 att5d$ ) l\d claps2 & n[1 inde$1 ! tumult began4 ,^? only :o h witness$ su* a sight1 c =m any idea ( ! magnific5ce & v>iety ( ! lightn+ & electric fla%es2 "s =k$ & zigzag1 play+ across ! p]p5dicul> column f ! crat]2 o!rs %oot+ upw>d f ! m\? l rockets ( ! mo/ dazzl+ lu/]2 o!rs l %ells1 ) _! trail+ fuses1 fly+ 9 diff]5t p>abolas1 ) ! mo/ vivid sc9tillations1 f ! d>k sangu9e column1 :i* n[ seem$ inflexible1 & immovable by ! w9d4 ,%ortly aft] sev5 9 ! aft]noon1 ! mighty caldron 0 se5 to simm]1 & ! ebullition ( lava to break out on ! nor?-we/ side4 ,?is1 imm$iately aft] boil+ ov] ! orifice1 & fl[+ a %ort way1 0 oppos$ by ! acclivity ( a high] po9t ( l&1 ov] :i* x 0 impell$ by ! imm5se tide ( liquefi$ fire :i* drove x on1 =m+ ! figure ,v 9 gr& illum9ation4 ,sometimes1 :5 ! ebullition slack5$1 or 0 insuffici5t to urge x ov] ! ob/ruct+ hill1 x recoil$ l a reflu5t bill[1 f ! rock1 & !n aga9 ru%$ =w>d1 impell$ by fre% supplies1 &1 surm\nt+ e ob/acle1 c>ri$ rocks & woods toge!r1 9 its c\rse d[n ! slope ( ! m\nta91 until x precipitat$ itself d[n "s va/ rav9e1 conceal$ f our sight by ! int]v5+ ridges ( ,morne ,ronde4 ,va/ globul> bodies ( fire 7 se5 project$ f ! fi]y furnace1 &1 bur/+1 fell back into x1 or ov] x ^u ! surr\nd+ bu%es1 :i* 7 in/antly set 9 flames4 ,ab\t f\r h\rs f ! "t ( ! lava's boil+ ov] ! crat]1 x rea*$ ! sea1 z we c\ld obs]ve f ! reflection ( ! fire & electric fla%es att5d+ x4 ,ab\t half pa/ "o1 ! foll[+ morn+1 ano!r /ream ( lava 0 se5 desc5d+ to ! ea/w>d t[>d ,rabacca4 ,! ?und]+ noise ( ! m\nta91 & ! vibration ( s\nd t _h be5 s =midable hi!rto1 n[ m+l$ 9 ! sudd5 monoton\s ro> ( ! roll+ lava1 became s t]rible1 t dismay 0 almo/ turn$ into despair4 ,at ?is "t ! fir/ e>?quake 0 felt2 ?is 0 foll[$ by %[]s ( c9d]s1 :i* fell ) ! hiss+ noise ( hail1 dur+ two h\rs4 8,at ?ree o'clock1 a roll+ on ! ro(s ( ! h\ses indicat$ a fall ( /ones1 :i* soon ?ick5$1 & at l5g? desc5d$ 9 a ra9 ( int]m+l$ fire1 :i* ?reat5$ at once ! fate ( ,pompeii or ,h]culaneum4 ,! crackl+ coruscations f ! crat] at ?is p]iod exce$$ all t _h yet pass$4 ,! eyes 7 /ruck ) a mom5t>y bl9dness1 & ! e>s /unn$ ) a confusion ( s\nds4 ,p s\ght %elt] 9 ! cell>s1 "u rocks1 or any:]e1 = e place 0 ne>ly ! same2 & ! mis]able negroes1 fly+ f _! huts1 7 knock$ d[n1 or w\nd$1 & _m kill$ 9 ! op5 air4 ,sev]al h\ses 7 set on fire4 ,! e/ates situat$ 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity1 seem$ doom$ to de/ruction4 ,_h ! /ones :i* fell be5 heavy 9 proportion to _! size1 n a liv+ creature c\ld h escap$ dea?3 ^!1 hav+ und]gone a ?or\gh fusion1 7 dive/$ ( _! natural gravity1 & fell almo/ z light z pumice1 ?\gh 9 "s places z l>ge z a man's head4 ,?is dreadful ra9 ( /ones & fire la/$ upw>d ( an h\r1 & 0 aga9 succe$$ by c9d]s f ?ree till six o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,e>?quake foll[$ e>?quake1 almo/ mom5t>ily2 or r ! :ole ( ?is "p ( ! isl& 0 9 a /ate ( cont9u$ oscillation2 n agitat$ by %ocks v]tical or horizontal2 b undulat$ l wat] %ak5 9 a b[l4 8,! break ( day1 if su* x c\ld be call$1 0 truly t]rific4 ,utt] d>kness prevail$ till eight o'clock1 & ! bir? ( ,may dawn$ l ! day ( judgm5t3 a *aotic gloom envelop$ ! m\nta91 & an imp5etrable haze hung ov] ! sea1 ) black sluggi% cl\ds ( a sulphure\s ca/4 ,! :ole isl& 0 cov]$ ) c9d]s1 scori1 & brok5 masses ( volcanic matt]4 ,x 0 n until ! aft]noon1 t ! mutt]+ noise ( ! m\nta9 sunk gradually into a solemn yet suspici\s sil5ce4 ,su* are ! p>ticul>s ( ?is sublime & trem5d\s sc5e1 f its comm5cem5t to its cata/rophe40 ,,pet] ,,botte',s ,,m\nta94 ,see cut1 page #gd4 ,! s+ul> peak repres5t$ 9 ! cut1 is 9 ! isl& ( ,mauritius1 :i* lies 9 ! ,indian ocean1 ea/ ( ,madagasc>4 ,! isl& is ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty miles 9 circuit1 & produces rice1 sug>1 cloves1 indigo1 & v>i\s tropical fruits4 ,x 0 fir/ settl$ by ! ,dut*2 b ! ,fr5* ga9$ possession ( x 9 #agae4 ,9 #ahaj1 ! ,engli% took x1 & x is /ill held by !m4 ,! isl& seems to h be5 ?r[n up f ! sea by volcanic eruptions1 z x ev]y:]e be>s m>ks ( convulsions by inw>d fires4 ,9 its c5tral p>ts are wild craggy m\nta9s1 ! summits ( :i* are always cov]$ ) sn[4 ,& among ^! is ! peak repres5t$ 9 ! cut1 :i* is eighte5 hundr$ feet 9 hight1 & surr\nd$ by dismal rav9es4 ,x is call$ ,pet] ,botte's m\nta91 f a leg5d t a man ( t "n once asc5d$ to ! top4 ,! g5]al belief1 h[ev]1 is1 t x 0 nev] asc5d$ till ! ye> #ahcb1 :5 ! top ( x 0 rea*$ by a p>ty "u ,capt4 ,lloyd1 an ,engli% eng9e]4 ,! exploit 0 "o ( ! mo/ haz>d\s1 & ! acc\nt ( x is almo/ pa9ful to ! read]1 f ! evid5t p]il ( ! adv5tur]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pet] ,,botte',s ,,m\nta94 ,,kilauea4 ,:ile on ! subject ( wond]ful volcanoes1 we mu/ n omit to notice "o t has be5 call$ ! 8,niag>a ( volcanoes10 & ! 8k+ ( volcanoes10 viz41 ,kilauea1 ! great volcano ( ! ,s&wi* isl&s1 :i* is on ! isl& ( ,hawaii1 ab\t ?irty miles f ,hilo bay4 ,"o ( ! mission>ies1 f :om we h ! acc\nt1 />t$ to visit x on horseback2 b ! way be+ r\gh & ! animal un%od1 he sev]ely felt ! inconv5i5ce ( ! lava1 became disc\rag$1 & mov$ s sl[ly1 t he 0 giv5 up1 & ! mission>y & 8 associate proce$$ on foot4 8,t[>d ev5+10 he cont9ues1 8we rea*$ ,olaa1 an inl& settlem5t2 & ! next day1 be=e noon1 _h arriv$ at an elevation ( "s f\r ?\s& feet1 at a di/ance ( tw5ty miles f ,hilo bay4 8,approa*+ ! great crat] ( ,kilauea1 we _h a f9e view ( ! magnific5t dome ( ,mauna ,loa1 /ret*+ on "s tw5ty miles beyond x1 & ris+ above x to ! l(ty hight ( t5 ?\s& feet4 ,evid5ces ( exi/+ volcanic ag5cy multipli$ ar\nd u2 /eam1 gas & smoke1 issu$ f ! sulphur banks on ! nor?-ea/ & s\?-ea/ sides ( ! crat]1 & "h & !re1 f deep & ext5d$ fissures connect$ ) ! fi]y subt]ranean ag5cy2 & z we pass$ circumspectly along ! app>5tly depress$ pla9 t surr\nds ! crat]1 we obs]v$ an imm5se volume ( smoke & vapor asc5d+ f ! mid/ ( x4 ,at ! same "t1 & f ! same s\rce1 v>i\s unusual s\nds1 n easily describ$ or expla9$1 fell ) increas+ int5sity on ! e>4 ,!n ! angry abyss1 ! fabl$ habitation & ?rone ( ,pele1 ! great idol goddess :om ! ,hawaiians =m]ly wor%ip$1 op5$ be=e u4 8,com+ ne> to ! rim1 ,i fell ^u my h&s & knees1 awe-/ruck1 & crept cauti\sly to ! rocky br9k2 = ) all my natural & acquir$ c\rage1 ,i 0 unwill+ at once to walk up to ! giddy v]ge1 & look d[n ^u ! noisy1 fi]y gulf b5ea? my feet4 ,%ortly1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 able to /& v ne>1 & gaze ^u ?is wond] ( ! _w1 :i* ,i wi% ,i c\ld set be=e my read]s1 9 all its my/]y1 magnitude & gr&eur4 ,x is n a l(ty cone1 or m\nta9-top po9t+ to ! heav5s1 b a va/ *asm 9 ! e>?1 five or six times ! dep? ( ,niag>a falls1 & sev5 or eight miles 9 circumf]5ce4 ,x is situat$ on ! flank ( a va/ m\nta91 :i* has be5 gradually pil$ up by a simil> ag5cy dur+ ! c\rse ( ages4 ,su* is ! imm5se ext5t & dep? ( ,kilauea1 t x w\ld take 91 entire1 ! city ( ,philadelphia or ,new ,york1 & make _! l(tie/ spires1 view$ f ! rim1 appe> small & l[4 ,b nei!r cities nor mead[s1 nor wat] nor vegetation1 c be f\nd 9 ?is *ief ( ! deep places ( ! e>?1 b a lake ( lava1 "s black & indurat$1 "s fi]y & fl[+1 "s cool+ z a float+ bridge ov] ! fa?omless molt5 abyss1 sev5 times hott] ?an ,nebu*adnezz>'s hotte/ furnace1 & "s bur/+ up ?r\gh ?is tempor>y incru/ation1 r5d+ x "h & !re1 & =m+ m\nds & cones ^u x4 ,! imm5se mass1 labor+ to escape1 press$ aga9/ ! great crat]'s sides1 :i* consi/ n ( a frail #8,*9ese wall1' built by human h&s to resi/ human /r5g?1 b an irregul>ly elliptical wall ( basaltic rocks1 ext5d+ a ?\s& feet above ! surface ( ! lava lake1 & to unkn[n dep?s bel[4 ,six hundr$ feet bel[1 ! v]ge /ret*es ar\nd horizontally1 a va/ amphi!at] gall]y ( black indurat$ lava1 once fluid b n[ solid1 & on :i* an army ( a hundr$ ?\s& m5 might /& to view ! sublime spectacle b5ea?1 ar\nd1 & above !m4 8,:ile ?r\gh ! eye1 ! impressions ( gr&eur1 /rong at fir/1 increas$ till ! daylight 0 gone1 ! impressions receiv$ ?r\gh ! e>1 7 peculi>1 & by no means inconsid]able4 ,! fi]cely :izz+ s\nd ( gas & /eam1 ru%+ ) v>y+ =ce ?r\gh ob/ruct$ ap]tures 9 bl[+ cones1 or cool+ cru/s ( lava1 & ! labor+1 :eez+1 /ruggl+1 z ( a liv+ m\nta91 brea?+ fire & smoke & sulphur\s gas f 8 lurid no/rils1 toss+ up molt5 rocks or deta*$ portions ( fluid lava1 & break+ up va/ indurat$ masses ) v>i$ detonations1 all impressively bade u /& 9 awe4 ,:5 we rea*$ ! v]ge1 or :5ev] we came f a little di/ance to look ov]1 ^! /range s\nds increas$1 z if "s intellig5t p[]1 ) ?reat5+ tones & ge/ures1 indignant at our obtrusiv5ess1 7 =bidd+ u to approa*4 ,! effect ( all ?is on aborig9al visitors1 be=e ! true ,god 0 made kn[n to !m1 may h be5 to induce or confirm ! sup]/ition1 t a deity or family ( deities dwelt !re1 & recogniz$ ! movem5ts ( m51 & 9 v>i\s ways express$ ang] aga9/ !m4 ,if my native fell[-travel]s _h n be5 cur$ ( _! sup]/ition1 or _h n kn[n me to be oppos$ to all idolatry1 & p>ticul>ly to ! wor%ip ( ,pele1 ! goddess :om !y once suppos$ dwelt !re1 !y might naturally h mi/ak5 my almo/ involunt>y pro/ration1 z an act ( religi\s homage to ?is disc>d$ ,hawaiian deity4 ,b ! mission>ies _h set at naught ! tabus ( ?is deity1 & ,kapiolani _h op5ly invad$ ! same1 & desc5d+ into ?is crat] _h1 9 a fe>less & ,*ri/ian mann]1 !re ackn[l$g$ ,jehovah z ! only true ,god1 & proclaim$ to h] c\ntrym5 t ?is 0 b "o ( ! fires :i* he has k9dl$ & controls4 ,s t ! natives n[ ) me 7 ready dev\tly to ackn[l$ge all ?is4 8,:5 sev5 ye>s be=e our visit1 ,messrs4 ,ellis1 ,?ur/on1 ,bi%op & ,goodri*1 accompani$ by ,mr4 ,h>wood1 visit$ ?is yawn+ gulf1 !y said ( x3 #8,! bottom 0 fill$ ) lava1 & ! s\?-we/ & nor!rn p>ts ( x 7 "o va/ flood ( liquid fire1 9 a /ate ( t]rific ebullition1 roll+ to & fro its fi]y surge & flam+ bill[s4 ,fifty-"o crat]s ( v>i\s =ms & sizes1 rose1 l s _m conical isl&s f ! surface ( ! burn+ lake4 ,tw5ty-two con/antly emitt$ columns ( gray smoke & pyramids ( brilliant flame1 & _m ( !m at ! same "t vomit$ f _! ignit$ m\?s1 /reams ( fluid lava1 :i* roll$ 9 blaz+ torr5ts d[n _! black1 ind5t$ sides1 into ! boil+ mass ( fire bel[4' ,! surface ( ?is body ( lava is subject to unceas+ *anges f ye> to ye>2 = #8deep calle? unto deep' cont9ually1 & ! fi]y bill[s ( ?is tr\bl$ ocean nev] re/4 8,z night came on we took our /ation on ! nor? side ( ! v br9k1 :]e we suppos$ we %\ld be able mo/ securely & satisfactorily to wat* ! action ( ?is awful laboratory dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! light ( ! sun4 ,?\gh ! spot :]e we spread our blanket = a lodgm5t _h be5 consid]$ z ! safe/ 9 ! neighborhood1 !re 0 room = ! feel+ ( insecurity :i* "s :o _h prec$$ u h ?us describ$4 #8,! deta*m5t ( "o small /one b5ea?1 or a slight agitation ( ! e>?1 w\ld h precipitat$ u1 amid ! horrid cra% ( fall+ rocks1 into ! burn+ lake4' ,_h ,i ?\ght ! dang] s imm95t1 ,i %\ld h deem$ x prud5t to take a position some:at fur!r (f4 ,! mass :i* support$ u _h d\btless be5 %ak5 a ?\s& times1 & 0 liable e h\r to be %ak5 aga92 b be+ 9 ! %ort curvature ( ! crat]1 l ! key-/one ( an ar*1 x c\ld n easily be ?r[n f its position by any agitation t w\ld naturally occur :ile ?is great safety-valve is kept op51 or ! num]\s fissures r\nd x1 rea*+ to ! v b[els ( ! m\nta91 convey h>mlessly f unkn[n dep?s1 gases & volumes ( /eam1 g5]at$ :]e wat] comes 9 contact ) int5se volcanic heat4 ,our position 0 ab\t f\r ?\s& feet above ! level ( ! sea1 & "o ?\s& above ! surface ( ! lake bel[ u4 8,! great ext5t ( ! surface ( ?is lava lake2 ! num]\s places 9 x :]e ! fi]y elem5t 0 display+ itself2 ! conical m\?s "h & !re dis*>g+ gl[+ lava ov]fl[+ & spread+ its waves ar\nd1 or bel*$ out 9 deta*$ & molt5 masses t 7 %ot =? ) detonations1 p]haps by ! =ce ( gases /ruggl+ ?r\gh f bel[ ! surface1 :ile ! va/ column ( vapor & smoke asc5d$ up t[>d heav51 & ! coruscations ( ! emitt$ brilliant lava1 illum9at+ ! cl\ds t pass$ ov] ! t]rific gulf1 all pres5t$ by night a spl5did & sublime panorama ( volcanic action1 probably n[h]e surpass$1 if ev] equal$1 & :i* to be imag9$ mu/ be se54 ,_h ,vulcan employ$ t5 ?\s& giant ,cyclops1 ea* ) a /eam-eng9e ( a ?\s& horse-p[]1 bl[+ an?racite coal = smelt+ m\nta9 m9]als1 or heav+ up & hamm]+ to pieces ! ev]la/+ rocks & hills1 _! unit$ ef=ts w\ld b beg9 to comp>e ) ! "w ( ,pele "h4 8,!re 0 en\gh ( my/]y connect$ ) ! wond]ful exp]im5ts go+ on be=e our eyes1 to give ample employm5t to fancy & philosophy1 & mat]ially to enhance ! sublimity ( ! fe>ful sc5e4 ,= x might be ask$1 h[ c su* an imm5se mass ( rocks & e>? be kept incessantly 9 a /ate ( fusion )\t fuel or combu/ion8 ,or by :at process c\ld su* solid masses be fus$ at all1 9 accordance ) any mode ( g5]at+ heat ) :i* we are acqua9t$8 ,if !re be combu/ion 9 ! crat] adequate to ! melt+ ( su* va/ masses ( sub/ances s h>d1 rocky & e>?y1 :y is !re an accumulation & increase ( ! g5]al mass1 s t millions ( cubic fa?oms are1 f "t to "t1 add$ to ! solid cont5ts ( ! m\nta98 ,b if ! b[els ( ! m\nta9 are suppos$ to be melt$ by int5se heat 9 "s way g5]at$1 c\ld !y be heav$ up by ! expansion ( /eam or gas1 :ile an orifice equal to ?ree or f\r squ>e miles1 l t ( ,kilauea1 or ! t]m9al crat] on ! same m\nta91 is kept op52 = /eam & gas might be suppos$ to pass ?r\gh ! fluid masses & escape1 in/ead ( rais+ !m f a dep?1 j z /eam issues f ! bottom ( a boil+ caldron1 )\t mat]ially elevat+ ! surface ( its cont5ts4 8,b if ) "o class ( geologi/s1 we suppose ! int]ior ( ! e>? to be 9 a molt5 & fluid /ate1 z p]haps orig9ally creat$1 & t ,kilauea & o!r volcanoes are b ! op5+s & safety-valves ( t subt]ranean1 fi]y1 c5tral ocean ( r$ or :ite-hot matt]1 !n we h "h no fa9t illu/ration ( ! bold imag]y us$ by ! sacr$ writ]s1 & ( _! phraseology1 :i* to "s seems hyp]bolical & ev5 p>adoxical1 z :5 !y speak ( ! #8bottomless pit1' ! #8fire t is n qu5*$1' #8! lake t burne? ) fire & brim/one1' #8! smoke ( _! torm5t :i* asc5de? up =ev] & ev]4' ,if su* a va/ mass ( fi]y fluid con/itutes ! ma9 portion ( ! int]ior ( ! e>?1 x is lit]ally #8bottomless2' & ! op5$ surface1 l t ( ,kilauea1 may be /rictly call$ a #8lake ( fire2' & z sulphur & p>ticles ( ! sulphuret ( iron are pres5t1 x may well be call$ #8a lake t burns ) fire & brim/one4' 8,aft] gaz+ at ! wond]ful & wond]fully sublime sc5e = "s tw5ty h\rs1 tak+ b a little "t = repose1 we f\nd ! s5se ( fe> subsid+1 & curiosity prompt+ to a clos] int]c\rse ) ,pele1 & a m famili> acqua9tance ) h] do+s & habits4 ,_m :o try ! exp]im5t1 ?\gh at fir/ appall$1 are ready aft] a few h\rs1 to w5d _! way d[n ! /eep sides ( ! crat]4 ,?us we desc5d$ into ! imm5se pit f ! nor?-ea/ side1 :]e x 0 practicable1 fir/ to ! black l$ge or amphi!at] gall]y1 & !nce to ! surface ( ! lava lake4 ,?is we f\nd extremely irregul>1 pres5t+ cones1 m\nds1 pla9s1 va/ bridges ( lava rec5tly cool$1 pits & cav]ns1 & portions ( consid]able ext5t 9 a movable & agitat$ /ate4 ,we walk$ ov] lava :i*1 by "s process1 _h be5 fractur$ into imm5sely l>ge slabs1 z ?\gh x _h be5 contract$ by cool+1 or be5 heav$ up irregul>ly by ! semi-fluid mass bel[4 ,9 ! fissures ( ?is fractur$ lava1 ! slabs or blocks two feet bel[ ! surface1 7 r$-hot4 ,a walk+-/ick ?ru/ d[n w\ld be set on fire & flame in/antly4 8,pass+ ov] _m masses ( su* lava1 we v5tur$ t[>d ! m c5tral "p ( ! lake1 & came ne> to a rec5t m\nd :i* _h probably be5 rais$ on ! cool+ surface1 aft] our arrival ! day be=e4 ,f ! top ( x fl[$ melt$ lava1 :i* spread itself 9 waves to a consid]able di/ance1 "o side or ! o!r1 all ar\nd4 ,! masses ?r[n out 9 succession mov$ sluggi%ly1 & z !y fl[$ d[n ! incl9$ plane1 a cru/ 0 =m$ ov] !m1 :i* d>k5$ & h>d5$1 & became /ation>y1 :ile ! /ream /ill mov$ on bel[ x4 ,! front ( ! mass1 r$-hot1 pass$ along d[n1 wid5+ & exp&+ itself1 & =c+ its way ?r\gh a net-"w1 z x 71 ( irregul> filam5ts ( iron1 :i* ! cool+ process freely suppli$4 ,?is motion ( a fl[+ mass1 :e!r small] or l>g]1 se5 f ! rim ( ! crat] by night1 gives ! appe>ance ( a fi]y surf1 or a roll+ wave ( fire1 or ! danc+ along ( an ext5d$ semicircul> flame on ! surface ( ! lake4 ,:5 "o wave has exp5d$ itself1 or f\nd its level1 or o!rwise become /ation>y1 ano!r succe$s & passes ov] x 9 l mann]1 & !n ano!r1 s5t out z x 71 by ! pulsations ( ! e>?'s op5 art]y1 at ! top ( ! m\nd4 ,?is %[s h[ a m\nd1 cone1 pyramid1 or m\nta91 c be gradually built ( lava1 & wide pla9s cov]$ at its base ) ! same mat]ial4 8,we approa*$ ne> ! bord] ( "s ( ^! waves1 & rea*$ ! melt$ lava ) a /ick two y>ds long2 & ?us obta9$ sev]al specim5s r$-hot f ! fl[+ mass4 ,i h s9ce _h occasion to be surpris$ at ! abs5ce ( fe> 9 ?is close contiguity ) ! t]rible elem5t1 :]e ! heat "u our feet 0 z great z our %oes w\ld be>1 & ! radiat+ heat f ! mov+ mass 0 s int5se t ,i c\ld face x only a few seconds at a "t at a di/ance ( two or ?ree y>ds4 ,yet hav+ c>efully obs]v$ its movem5ts a:ile1 ,i ?rew a /ick ( wood ^u ! ?9 cru/ ( a mov+ wave :]e ,i believ$ x w\ld be> me1 ev5 if x %\ld b5d a little1 & /ood ^u x a few mom5ts4 ,9 t position1 ?ru/+ my cane d[n ?r\gh ! cool+1 t\gh cru/1 ab\t half an in* ?ick1 ,i )drew x1 & =?) !re gu%$ up ( ! melt$1 fl[+ lava "u my feet1 en\gh to =m a globul> mass two & a half or ?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 :i*1 z x cool$1 ,i broke (f & bore away z spoils f ! anci5t doma9 & favorite seat ( ! great idol goddess ( ! ,hawaiians4 ,p>ts t 7 9 viol5t action we d>$ n approa*4 8,!re is a rem>kable v>iety 9 ! volcanic productions ( ,hawaii2 a v>iety z to texture1 =m & size1 f ! va/ m\nta9 & ext5d$ pla91 to ! f9e-drawn & mo/ delicate vitre\s fib]1 ! r\gh cl9k]1 ! smoo? /ream1 ! basaltic rock1 & masses compact & h>d z granite or fl9t1 & ! pumice or por\s scori1 or c9d]s1 :i*1 :5 hot1 probably =m$ a scum or foam on ! surface ( ! d5s] molt5 mass4 ,consid]able quantities ( capill>y glass are produc$ at ,kilauea1 ?\gh ,i am n aw>e t ! article is f\nd else:]e on ! isl&s4 ,its production has be5 deem$ my/]i\s4 ,9 its appe>ance x resembles human hair1 & among ! natives is famili>ly call$ #8,lauoho o ,pele1' ! hair ( ,pele4 ,x is =m$1 ,i presume1 by ! toss+ (f ( small deta*$ portions ( lava ( ! consi/5ce ( melt$ glass1 f ! m\?s ( cones1 :5 a f9e vitre\s ?read is drawn out betwe5 ! mov+ portion1 & t f :i* x is deta*$4 ,! f9e-spun product is !n bl[n ab\t by ! w9d1 bo? )9 & ar\nd ! crat]1 & is collect$ 9 little locks or tufts4 8,sulphur is se51 b 9 small quantities1 9 & ar\nd ! crat]2 & at a little di/ance f ! rim !re are yell[ banks1 on :i* beautiful cry/als ( sulphur may be f\nd4 ,9 "o place1 a pool ( pure di/ill$ wat]1 cond5s$ f ! /eam t rises f a deep fissure1 af=ds ! ?ir/y travel] a bev]age f> bett] ?an t ( ! ord9>y di/ill]4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a k9d ( sulphur\s gas produc$ by ! volcano1 :i* is highly delet]i\s if brea!d (t5 or freely4 ,?is is "o s\rce ( dang] to ! visitor1 :i*1 :ile ,i 0 d[n a ?\s& feet bel[ ! rim1 produc$ a tempor>y c\gh+4 8,i 01 p]haps1 too v5turesome1 b o!r visitors h be5 f> m s4 ,z "o in/ance ( ?is1 ,dr4 ,judd1 hav+ become famili> ) ! volcanic p[]1 9 8 ardor to secure valuable & rec5t specim5s = ! ,unit$ ,/ates explor+ exp$ition1 on ! visit ( ,commodore ,wilkes & 8 company to ?is crat]1 desc5d$ to ! surface ( ! lake1 & !n into a sub-crat] 9 ! mid/ ( ! l>g]4 ,:ile he 0 busily engag$ !re 9 collect+ specim5s1 a sudd5 bur/+ up ( a huge volume ( fluid lava f ! bottom ( ! sub-crat]1 al>m$ him1 & ?reat5$ spe$ily to ov]:elm & de/roy him4 ,he sprang to escape1 b f9d+ ! rim ov]hang+1 he c\ld n scale x :]e he 02 & ! fl[+ mass 0 n[ too ne> to all[ him to return to ! place :]e he _h desc5d$2 & its radiat+ heat 0 too int5se to be fac$4 ,escape )\t assi/ance 0 utt]ly hopeless2 & ! natives ( ! company :o 7 ab\t ! br9k1 & f :om su* help might h be5 expect$1 al>m$ = !mselves1 7 fly+ = _! lives4 ,dr4 ,judd1 giv+ himself up = lo/1 (f]$ a pray] to heav51 & 0 ab\t to resign himself to 8 fate1 :5 a fri5dly & resolute ,hawaiian1 :o _h be5 a pupil at ! mission sem9>y1 compassionat+ ! expos$ suff]]1 fac$ ! approa*+ fi]y volume1 & brav+ its int5se heat1 expos$ 8 own life1 rea*$ d[n 8 /rong h&1 & firmly grasp$ ! doctor's1 :o ?us1 at ! la/ available mom5t1 ?r\gh _! unit$ ex]tions & ! bless+ ( heav51 escap$ ) 8 life f ! horrible pit & a fi]y grave6 ,a mighty curr5t in/antly ov]fl[$ ! place :]e !y _h j be5 /&+1 & !y 7 oblig$ to run = _! lives be=e ! molt5 flood2 & be+ able to out/rip x1 !y asc5d$ f ! surface ( ! abyss to ! l(ty rim1 ) he>tfelt ?anksgiv+s to _! great deliv]]4#a ,?is proves ! real dang] ( desc5d+ too f> into ! crat] ( ! volcano2 & _h x occurr$ 9 ! days ( unbrok5 sup]/ition1 x w\ld d\btless h be5 ascrib$ to ! ang] ( ,pele1 & t5d$ to increase ! numb] ( h] delud$ wor%ip]s4 ,b n[ su* a deliv]ance 0 ju/ly ascrib$ to ! k9d provid5ce ( ,jehovah1 ! k ( ^: "*1 z display$ 9 ! gospel1 has introduc$ ! ,hawaiian race into a new life4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,see ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 vol4 iv41 p4 #agc4 ----- 8,kilauea may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! safety-valves ( a bottomless res]voir ( melt$ e>?1 bel[ ! cool$ & cool+ cru/ on :i* m\nta9s rise1 riv]s fl[1 oceans roll1 & cities are multipli$ z ! habitations ( m54 ,x has be5 kept op5 f "t immemorial1 always display+ m or less ( its active p[]4 ,! circumambi5t air :i* c>ries (f ! caloric1 sometimes aid$ by ra91 is incessantly endeavor+ to %ut up ?is valve1 or bridge ov] ?is orifice ( ?ree or f\r squ>e miles ( ! fi]y abyss4 ,sometimes ! imp]fect bridge ( cool+ lava is pi]c$ ) fifty or sixty l>ge1 r\gh1 conical *imneys1 emitt+ gas1 smoke1 flame1 & lava2 & sometimes ! va/ bridge is brok5 up1 & all ^! cones subm]g$ & probably fus$ aga9 by ! int5se heat ( ! va/ fluid mass suppli$ fre% f ! int]ior4 ,! mass rises gradually high] & high]1 hundr$s ( feet1 till by its imm5se pressure aga9/ ! sides ( ! crat]1 aid$1 p]haps1 by ! p[] ( gas or /eam1 x =ces a passage = miles ?r\gh ! massive walls1 & inundates ) its fi]y deluge "s portion ( ! c\ntry bel[1 or pass+ ?r\gh x1 z a riv] ( fire1 p\rs itself into ! sea at ! di/ance ( tw5ty-five miles1 ?us di/urb+ ) awful upro> ! doma9s ( old ,neptune1 & enl>g+ ! dom9ions ( ! ,hawaiian sov]eign4 8,! :ole isl&1 ) its ample & t[]+ m\nta9s1 is (t5 %ak5 ) awful ?roes1 & creation "h #8groane? & travaile? 9 pa94' ,9 ,july1 #ahdj1 a riv] ( lava fl[$ out f ,kilauea1 & pass+ "s miles "u gr\nd1 bur/ out 9 ! di/rict ( ,puna1 & inundat$ a portion ( ! c\ntry1 sweep+ d[n =e/s1 c>ry+ ev]y?+ 9 its way be=e x1 & z a riv] a mile wide1 fall+ into ! sea1 & heat+ ! wat]s ( ! ocean1 mak+ w> ^u its inhabitants1 & by ! unit$ action ( ?is volcanic flood & ! sea1 =m$ sev]al huge1 r\gh hills ( s& & lava along ! %ore4 ,& /ill lat] ?an ! above date1 a simil> flood has be5 p\r$ f ! summit ( ,mauna ,loa1 fl[+ ) t]rific =ce = weeks1 & ?us elevat+ a portion ( ! region betwe5 ,mauna ,loa & ,mauna ,kea2 & s ext5sive & spl5did 0 ?is exhibition1 t x c\ld be se5 f ! mission>y /ation at ,hilo1 a di/ance ( ab\t =ty miles4 8,aft] hav+ sp5t "s ?irty h\rs on ?is k+ ( all ! volcanoes1 we set out to return4 ,& on our j\rney we pass$ ov] sev]al l>ge tracts ( lava ( diff]5t k9ds1 "s smoo?1 vitre\s & %9+1 "s twi/$ & coil$ l huge ropes1 & "s consi/+ ( %>p1 irregul>1 loose1 rugg$ volcanic masses1 ( e =m & size1 f an ounce 9 weight to sev]al tuns1 ?r[n1 ,i c\ld n conceive h[1 into a *aos or field ( ! r\ghe/ surface1 pres5t+ a =bidd+ area ( f "o to =ty squ>e miles 9 ext5t2 & ?\gh n precipit\s1 yet s horrid z to =bid a pa?1 & to defy ! approa* ( horses & cattle4 ,9 ! crevices ( ! m solid lava are f\nd ! ohelo1 :i* some:at resembles ! :ortleb]ry1 n\ri%$ by frequ5t %[]s & dew4 ,at t5 o'clock we halt$ = breakfa/1 & by ! "t ! sun 0 sett+ _h rea*$ ,waimea1 ?us complet+ our excursion to ?is va/ volcano1 :i* is truly "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w60 ,,! ,,peak ,,( ,,d]by%ire4 ,?is peak consi/s ( a *a9 ( high m\nta9s 9 ! c\nty ( ,d]by1 9 ,engl&1 & has be5 long celebrat$1 z well on acc\nt ( its m9]al productions1 & natural curiosities 9 g5]al1 z ( :at are call$ its sev5 wond]s4 ,six ( ^! are natural1 namely1 ,poole's ,hole1 ,eld5 ,hole1 ! ,peak ,cav]n1 or ! ,devil's ,hole1 ,mam ,tor1 ,/4 ,ann's ,well1 & ! ,ebb+ & ,fl[+ ,well4 ,hav+ describ$ ^!1 we %all add a m rec5t discov]y1 t ( ! ,cry/alliz$ ,cav]n1 :i* possesses an equal int]e/4 ,poole's ,hole1 ly+ ab\t a mile to ! we/w>d ( ,buxton1 is a va/ cav]n =m$ by nature 9 ! lime/one rock1 & 01 accord+ to tradition1 ! resid5ce ( an outlaw1 nam$ ,poole4 ,! entrance is l[ & contract$1 & ! passage n>r[2 b ?is wid5+1 at l5g?1 leads to a l(ty & spaci\s cav]n1 f ! ro( ( :i* /alactites or transp>5t cry/als1 =m$ by ! con/ant dropp+ ( wat] lad5 ) calc>e\s matt]1 hang 9 spiral masses4 ,o!r portions ( ^! petrifactions drop & atta* !mselves to ! floor1 ris+ 9 cones1 & become :at are t]m$ /alagmites4 ,"o ( ! dropp+ /alactites1 ( an imm5se size1 call$ ! ,flit* ( ,bacon1 occurs ab\t ! middle ( ! cav]n1 :i* "h becomes v n>r[1 b soon spreads to a great] wid?1 & cont9ues l>ge & l(ty until ! visitor rea*es ano!r surpris+ly l>ge mass ( /alactite1 to :i* ! "n ( ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots' ,pill> is giv51 f ! tradition t ?is un=tunate que5 once paid a visit to ! cav]n1 & proce$$ ?us f> into its recesses4 ,z ?is pill> c n be pass$ )\t "s difficulty1 few p]sons v5ture beyond x2 nor does x seem desirable1 z1 by proce$+ ?us f>1 a v compet5t idea ( ! cav]n may be =m$4 ,! pa? hi!rto is along ! side1 & at "s hight f ! bottom ( ! cav]n2 b to visit & exam9e ! int]ior extremity1 x becomes necess>y to desc5d a few y>ds by v slipp]y & ill-=m$ /eps4 ,! pa? at ! bottom is tol]ably ev5 & level = ab\t sixty feet1 :5 an almo/ p]p5dicul> asc5t comm5ces1 :i* leads to ! extremity ( ! fissure1 ?r\gh ! eye ( ,/4 ,an?ony's ,ne$le1 a n>r[ /rait1 beyond :i* ! /eepness ( ! way is only to be surm\nt$ by clamb]+ ov] irregul> masses ( rock4 ,! cav]n t]m9ates ne>ly ?ree hundr$ feet beyond ! ,que5 ( ,scots' pill>4 ,t[>d ! end is an ap]ture ?r\gh a project+ rock1 beh9d :i* a c&le is g5]ally plac$1 :5 any p]son has rea*$ ! extremity3 :5 se5 at t di/ance1 x appe>s l a dim />4 ,! visitor returns along ! bottom ( ! cav]n1 b5ea? a consid]able portion ( ! road by :i* he ent]$2 &1 by ?us *ang+ ! pa?1 has an opportunity bett] to asc]ta9 ! hight & wid? ( ! cav]n 9 e "p1 & to view o!r accumulat$ petrifactions1 "s ( :i* are ( a prodigi\s size1 & ( an extraord9>y =m4 ,9 "o "p ( ?is passage is a f9e spr+ ( transp>5t wat]2 & a small /ream1 :i* becomes m consid]able 9 ra9y seasons1 runs ?r\gh ! :ole l5g? ( ! cav]n4 ,its s\nd1 9 pass+ ?r\gh ?is spaci\s & l(ty concavity1 :i* resembles ! int]ior ( a ,go?ic ca!dral1 has a f9e effect4 ,to ! "r1 9 a small cav]n call$ ,poole's *amb]1 is a curi\s e*o4 ,! v>i\s masses ( /alactical matt] :i* are ev]y:]e met ) 9 ?is natural excavation1 & :i* reflect innum]able rays f ! lights c>ri$ by guides1 are di/+ui%$ by ! names ( ! objects !y are fanci$ mo/ to resemble4 ,?us we h ,poole's saddle1 8 turtle1 & 8 woolsack2 ! lion1 ! lady's toilet1 ! pillion1 ! bee-hive1 c4 ,x %\ld be notic$1 h[ev]1 t ! =ms are con/antly v>i$ by ! p]colation ( ! wat] ?r\gh ! ro( & sides ( ! rock4 ,! subt]rane\s passage is ne>ly a half a mile 9 l5g?4 ,,eld5 ,,hole4 ,eld5 ,hole is situat$ on ! side ( a g5tle hill ab\t a mile to ! nor?-we/ ( ! village ( ,peak ,=e/4 ,x is a deep *asm 9 ! gr\nd1 surr\nd$ by a wall1 ( uncem5t$ /ones1 to prev5t accid5ts4 ,?is fissure or cleft 9 ! rock has be5 ! subject ( _m exagg]at$ descriptions & sup]/iti\s reports1 hav+ be5 repres5t$ n only z unfa?omable1 b z teem+1 at a c]ta9 dep?1 ) s impure an air1 t x c\ld n be respir$ )\t imm$iate de/ruction4 ,mr4 ,lloyd1 h[ev]1 :o desc5d$ x ab\t sev5ty ye>s ago1 has prov$ ! absurdity ( ^! relations1 9 a pap]1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a brief ab/ract1 publi%$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions4 ,= ! fir/ sixty feet1 he obs]ves1 he desc5d$ some:at obliquely1 ! passage !n becom+ difficult f project+ crags4 ,at ! fur!r dep? ( ?irty feet1 ! inflection ( 8 rope v>i$ at lea/ eighte5 feet f ! p]p5dicul>4 ,! bread? ( ! *9k 0 "h ab\t n9e feet1 & ! l5g? eighte52 ! sides be+ irregul>1 moss-gr[n1 & wet4 ,)9 =ty-two feet ( ! bottom1 ! rock op5$ on ! ea/1 & he swung till he rea*$ ! floor ( a cave1 "o hundr$ & eighty-six feet only f ! m\?1 ! light f :i* 0 suffici5tly /rong to p]mit ! read+ ( any book4 ,! int]ior ( ! *asm he describes z consi/+ ( two p>ts1 :i* communicate ) ea* o!r by a small ar*$ passage1 ! "o resembl+ an ov51 ! o!r ! dome ( a glass-h\se4 ,on ! s\? side ( ! latt]1 0 a small op5+1 ab\t twelve feet 9 l5g?1 & f\r feet 9 hight1 l9$ ?r\gh\t ) a k9d ( sp>kl+ /alactite1 ( a f9e deep yell[ color1 ) petrify+ drops hang+ f ! ro(4 ,trac+ ! entrance he f\nd a noble column1 above n9ety feet high1 ( ! same k9d ( incru/ation4 ,z he proce$$ to ! nor?1 he came to a l>ge /one :i* 0 cov]$ ) ! same sub/ance2 & b5ea? x he f\nd a hole six feet 9 dep?1 uni=mly l9$ ) x4 ,f ! edge ( ?is hole sprung up a rocky asc5t1 slop+1 l a buttress1 aga9/ ! side ( ! cav]n1 & consi/+ ( va/1 solid1 r\nd masses ( ! same sub/ance & color4 ,hav+ climb$ ?is asc5t to ! hight ( ab\t sixty feet1 he obta9$ "s f9e pieces ( /alactite1 :i* hung f ! craggy sides ( ! cav]n4 ,desc5d+ ) "s difficulty & dang]1 he proce$$ 9 ! same direction1 & soon came to ano!r pile ( incru/ations ( a br[n color1 above :i* he f\nd a small cav]n1 op5+ into ! side ( ! vault1 :i* he n[ ent]$4 ,"h he saw va/ masses ( /alactite1 hang+ l icicles f e "p ( ! ro(3 sev]al ( ^! 7 f\r & five feet long1 & ?ick z a man's body4 ,! sides ( ! l>ge/ cav]n 7 *iefly l9$ ) incru/ations ( ?ree k9ds1 ! fir/ ( :i* 0 a deep yell[ /alactite2 ! second1 a ?9 coat+ :i* resembl$ a pale /one-color v>ni%1 & reflect$ ! light ( ! c&le ) great spl5dor2 & ! ?ird1 a r\gh effloresc5ce1 ! %oot ( :i* resembl$ a rose fl[]4 ,"s m rec5t visitors h ?us /at$ ! result ( _! obs]vations & inquiries relative to ,eld5 ,hole4 ,!y describe ! m\? ( ?is *asm z op5+ horizontally1 9 a direction f nor? to s\?2 its %ape be+ ne>ly t ( an irregul> ellipse1 ab\t n9ety feet 9 l5g?1 & tw5ty-sev5 9 bread? at ! wide/ "p4 ,! nor!rn end is fr+$ ) small trees2 & moss & und]wood gr[ out ( ! crevices on ea* side1 to ! dep? ( =ty or fifty feet4 ,z ! fissure rec$es f ! surface1 x gradually contracts2 & at ! dep? ( ab\t sev5ty feet incl9es consid]ably to ! we/1 s z to prev5t its c\rse f be+ fur!r trac$4 ,not)/&+ ! ob/acles ( ! bu%es & project+ masses ( /one1 x 0 s\nd$1 & its dep? f\nd n to exce$ two hundr$ & two feet1 an e/imate :i* corresponds ) ! ass]tion ( ?ree m9]s1 :o _h desc5d$ 9 se>* ( ! bodies ( individuals :o 7 miss+1 & 7 suppos$ to h be5 robb$1 murd]$1 & ?r[n into ?is frightful abyss4 ,,peak ,,cav]n4 ,peak cav]n1 also call$ ! ,devil's ,hole1 is "o ( ^? magnific5t1 sublime1 & extraord9>y productions ( nature1 :i* con/antly excite ! wond] & admiration ( _! behold]s4 ,x has accord+ly be5 consid]$ "o ( ! pr9cipal wond]s ( ,d]by%ire1 & has be5 celebrat$ by sev]al poets4 ,x lies 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ca/leton1 & is approa*$ by a pa? at ! side ( a cle> rivulet1 lead+ to ! fissure1 or sep>ation ( ! rock1 at ! extremity ( :i* ! cav]n is situat$4 ,x w\ld be difficult to imag9e a sc5e m augu/ ?an t :i* pres5ts itself to ! visitor at its entrance3 on ea* side1 ! huge gray rocks rise almo/ p]p5dicul>ly1 to ! hight ( ne>ly ?ree hundr$ feet1 or ab\t sev5 times ! hight ( a mod]n h\se1 & meet+ ea* o!r at "r or cross angles1 =m a deep gloomy recess4 ,9 front1 x is ov]hung by a va/ canopy ( rock1 assum+ ! appe>ance ( a depress$ ar*1 & ext5d+1 9 wid?1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 9 hight =ty-two1 & 9 rec$+ dep? ab\t n9ety4 ,aft] p5etrat+ ab\t n9ety feet into ! cav]n1 ! ro( becomes l[]1 & a g5tle desc5t leads1 by a deta*$ rock1 to ! int]ior entrance ( ?is trem5d\s holl[4 ,"h ! light ( day1 hav+ gradually dim9i%$1 :olly disappe>s2 & ! visitor is provid$ ) a tor* to illum9e 8 fur!r progress4 ,! progress n[ becom+ extremely conf9$1 he is oblig$ to proce$1 9 a /oop+ po/ure1 ab\t tw5ty y>ds1 :5 he rea*es a spaci\s op5+1 nam$ ! ,bellh\se1 & is !nce l$ to a small lake1 call$ ! ,fir/ ,wat]1 ab\t =ty feet 9 l5g?1 b n m ?an two or ?ree feet 9 dep?4 ,ov] ?is he is convey$ 9 a boat to ! int]ior ( ! cav]n1 b5ea? a massive vault ( rock1 :i* 9 "s p>ts desc5ds to )9 eighte5 or tw5ty in*es ( ! wat]4 8,we /ood "s "t10 says ,m4 de ,/4 ,fond1 8on ! br9k ( ?is lake2 & ! light ( our dismal tor*es1 :i* emitt$ a black smoke1 reflect+ our pale images f its bottom1 we almo/ conceiv$ we saw a troop ( spect]s />t+ f an abyss to welcome u4 ,! illusion 0 extremely /rik+40 ,on l&+1 ! visitor ent]s a spaci\s vacuity1 two hundr$ & tw5ty feet 9 l5g?1 two hundr$ feet 9 bread?1 & 9 "s p>ts "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet 9 hight1 op5+ into ! bosom ( ! rock2 b1 f ! want ( light1 nei!r ! di/ant sides nor ! ro( ( ?is abyss1 c be se54 ,9 a passage at ! inn] extremity ( ?is va/ cave1 ! /ream :i* fl[s ?r\gh ! :ole l5g? ( ! cav]n1 spreads into :at is call$ ! ,second ,wat]1 & ne> its t]m9ation is a project+ pile ( rocks1 kn[n by ! appellation ( ,rog] ,ra9's ,h\se1 f ! incessant fall ( wat] 9 l>ge drops ?r\gh ! crevices ( ! ro(s4 ,beyond ?is1 op5s ano!r trem5d\s holl[1 call$ ! ,*ancel1 :]e ! rocks are mu* brok51 & ! sides cov]$ ) /alactical or petrifi$ incru/ations4 ,"h ! visitor is surpris$ by a vocal conc]t :i* bur/s 9 discordant tones f ! upp] regions ( ! *asm4 8,/ill10 obs]ves a t\ri/1 8?is be+ unexpect$1 & issu+ f a qu>t] :]e no object c be se51 9 a place :]e all else is /ill z dea?1 is calculat$ to impress ! imag9ation ) solemn ideas1 & c seldom be he>d )\t t emotion ( awe & pleasure1 a/oni%m5t & delight1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ feel+s ( ! m9d40 ,at ! conclusion ( ! /ra91 ! *ori/]s1 :o consi/ ( eight or t5 wom5 & *ildr51 are se5 rang$ 9 ! holl[ ( ! rock1 ab\t fifty feet above ! floor4 ,! pa? n[ leads to a place :imsically call$ ! ,devil's ,cell> & ,half-way ,h\se1 & !nce1 by ?ree natural & regul> ar*es1 to a va/ concavity1 :i*1 f its uni=m bell-l appe>ance1 is call$ ,great ,tom ( ,l9coln4 ,:5 illum9at$ by a /rong light1 ?is concavity has a v pleas+ effect2 ! symmetrical disposition ( ! rocks1 ! /ream fl[+ b5ea?1 & ! spiracles 9 ! ro(1 =m+ a v int]e/+ picture4 ,f ?is po9t ! vault gradually desc5ds1 ! passage contracts1 & at l5g? does n leave m ?an suffici5t room = ! curr5t ( ! /ream1 :i* cont9ues to fl[ ?r\gh a subt]rane\s *annel ( sev]al miles 9 ext5t1 z is prov$ by ! small /ones br\ght into x aft] great ra9s1 f ! di/ant m9es ( ! ,peak ,=e/4 ,! entire l5g? ( ?is wond]ful cav]n is tw5ty-two hundr$ & fifty feet1 or ne>ly half a mile2 & its dep?1 f ! surface ( ! ,peak m\nta91 ab\t six hundr$ & tw5ty feet4 ,a curi\s effect is produc$ by ! explosion ( a small quantity ( gunp[d]1 w$g$ into ! rock 9 ! int]ior ( ! cav]n2 = ! s\nd appe>s to roll along ! ro( & sides1 l a trem5d\s & cont9u$ peal ( ?und]4 ,! effect ( ! light1 on return+ f ^! d>k recesses1 is p>ticul>ly impressive2 & ! gradual illum9ation ( ! rocks1 :i* becomes bright] z ! entrance is approa*$1 is said to exhibit "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ sc5es t ev] employ$ ! p5cil ( an arti/1 or fix$ ! admiration ( a spectator4 ,,mam ,,tor4 ,mam ,tor or ! ,%iv]+ ,m\nta91 is a huge precipice fac+ ! ea/ or s\?-ea/1 *iefly compos$ ( a peculi> k9d ( slate1 :i*1 al?\gh v h>d be=e x is expos$ to ! air1 v easily crumbles to du/ on su* exposure4 ,h5ce x is p]petually wa/$ by ! action ( ! ra9 & sn[2 :ile ! h>d] & l>g] masses ( /one be+ ?us loos5$ & dis5gag$1 necess>ily fall f _! positions1 & ?is ) a ru%+ noise :i* is occasionally s l\d z to be he>d at ,ca/leton1 a di/ance ( two miles4 ,! valley b5ea? is ov]:elm$ ) _! fragm5ts to ! ext5t ( half a mile4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! precipice1 !y produce1 be=e _! desc5t1 a cav]n\s appe>ance1 & ev5 a romantic ov]hang+ sc5]y1 highly dang]\s to be approa*$4 ,x is affirm$ by ! mo/ intellig5t ( ! neighbor+ inhabitants1 t ?is m\nta9 *iefly wa/es dur+ viol5t /orms ( sn[ & ra92 & ,mr4 ,m>t91 :o publi%$ an acc\nt ( ,mam ,tor1 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions = #agbi1 affirms t ! decay is n con/antly ! same4 ,he n only survey$ x closely1 b asc5d$ ! /eepe/ "p ( ! precipice1 )\t trac+ any o!r %iv]+ 9 ! m\nta91 beside t :i* 0 occasion$ by ! tread+ ( 8 feet 9 ! loose crumbl$ e>?4 ,,! ,,ebb+ ,,& ,,fl[+ ,,well4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ,*apel-en-le-,fri? is a /eep hill1 ris+ to ! hight ( m ?an a hundr$ feet1 imm$iately b5ea? :i* ?is natural ph5om5on lies4 ,x is ( an irregul> =m1 b ne>ly approa*+ to a squ>e1 f two or ?ree feet 9 dep?1 & ab\t tw5ty feet 9 wid?4 ,its ebb+s & fl[+s are irregul>1 & dep5d5t on ! quantity ( ra9 :i* falls 9 ! diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>2 :5 x beg9s to rise1 ! curr5t c only be p]ceiv$ by ! sl[ movem5t ( ! blades ( grass1 or o!r light bodies float+ on ! surface2 not)/&+ :i*1 be=e ! expiration ( a m9ute1 ! wat] issues ) a gurgl+ noise1 9 consid]able quantities1 f sev]al small ap]tures on ! s\? & we/ sides4 ,! int]val ( "t betwe5 ! ebb+ & fl[+ is n always alike3 consequ5tly ! proportion ( wat] x dis*>ges at diff]5t p]iods1 also v>ies4 ,9 ! space ( five m9utes fl[+1 ! wat] occasionally rises to ! hight ( six in*es2 &1 aft] rema9+ a few seconds /ation>y1 ! well assumes its =m] quiesc5t /ate4 ,! cause ( ! int]mitt5t fl[+ ( ?is well may be satisfactorily expla9$1 on ! pr9ciple ( ! action ( ! siphon1 & on ! supposition ( a natural "o communicat+ ) a cavity 9 ! hill1 :]e ! wat] may be suppos$ to accumulate2 b = ! ph5om5on ( its ebb+1 no satisfactory reason has be5 assign$4 ,! op9ion ( a second siphon1 7:i* is +5i\sly advanc$ by "o t\ri/17 t beg9s to act :5 ! wat] rises1 is inconsi/5t ) ! appe>ance ( ! well1 & !re=e c n be j4 ,,/4 ,,anne',s ,,well4 ,?is well1 ! usual resort ( ! company :o frequ5t ,buxton to dr9k ! wat]s1 has be5 class$ among ! wond]s ( ! peak1 on acc\nt ( ?is s+ul>ity1 t )9 five feet ( ! hot spr+ by :i* x is suppli$1 a cold "o arises4 ,?is is n1 h[ev]1 ! only well ( ! k9d1 s9ce hot & cold spr+s rise ne> ea* o!r 9 _m p>ts ( ,engl&1 & 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,! wat] is convey$ to ! well1 :i* is an elegant classical build+1 9 ! ,grecian /yle1 f ! orig9al spr+1 by a n>r[ passage1 s close & well contriv$ z to prev5t x f los+ any consid]able portion ( its heat1 & is receiv$ 9 a :ite m>ble bason4 ,x is n s w>m z ! ,ba? wat]1 its temp]ature be+ ab\t eighty degrees ( ,fahr5heit4 ,,! ,,cry/alliz$ ,,cav]n4 ,! cry/alliz$ cav]n1 ! new wond] ( ! ,d]by%ire ,peak1 0 discov]$ "s ye>s ago 9 ! vic9ity ( ! village ( ,bradwell4 ,we extract ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ( ?is s+ul> & beautiful natural excavation1 f ,hut*9son's t\r 9 ! ,high ,peak4 ,! entrance is r t]rific ?an gr&2 & ! desc5t1 = ab\t ?irty paces1 v abrupt4 ,! visitor has !n to pass along ! incl9$ way = ne>ly a qu>t] ( a mile1 ! op5+ be+ s l[ t x is impossible to proce$1 9 p>ticul> p>ts1 9 an erect po/ure4 ,! diff]5t cry/allizations :i* n[ attract 8 att5tion on e side1 soon make him =get ! irksom5ess ( ! road1 & bani% e idea ( fatigue4 ,new objects ( curiosity cr[d "o on ! o!r4 ,9 a place call$ ! ,music ,*amb]1 ! petrifactions take ! semblance ( ! pipes ( an organ2 :ile 9 o!r p>ts1 ^! /alactites are =m$ into elegant small colonnades1 ) z exact a symmetry z if !y _h be5 *isel$ by ! mo/ skillful arti/4 ,c&les judici\sly dispos$ )9 !m1 give an idea ( ! imag9>y palaces ( fairies1 or ( sylphs & g5ii1 :o h *os5 ?is = _! magnific5t abode4 ,/ill he has se5 no?+ comp>able to :at he is n[ to expect2 =1 at ! di/ance ( ab\t a hundr$ paces fur!r1 by a rugg$ desc5t1 he ent]s :at is call$ ! ,grotto ( ,p>adise4 ,?is heav5ly spot1 = x c n be comp>$ to any?+ t]re/rial1 is1 ( itself1 a beautiful cry/alliz$ cav]n1 ab\t twelve feet high1 & 9 l5g? tw5ty feet1 po9t$ at ! top1 simil> to a ,go?ic ar*1 ) a c\ntless numb] ( l>ge /alactites hang+ f ! ro(4 ,c&les plac$ among !m give "s idea ( its be+ light$ up ) elegant glass *&eli]s2 :ile ! sides are entirely incru/$1 & brilliant 9 ! extreme4 ,! floor is *eck]$ ) black & :ite sp>4 ,x has1 altoge!r1 a mo/ novel & elegant appe>ance4 ,?is glitt]+ ap>tm5t w\ld be left by ! visitor ) a c]ta9 degree ( regret1 did he n expect to see x aga9 on 8 return4 ,/ill cont9u+ a r\te simil> to ! "o he has pass$1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* 8 att5tion is occasionally arre/$ by ! curiosities ( ! place1 & by ! g5tle dropp+s ( ! wat]1 :i* sc>cely break ! solemn sil5ce ( ! sc5e1 he at l5g? rea*es ! ,grotto ( ,calypso1 & ! extremity ( ! cav]n1 upw>d ( two ?\s& feet f ! entrance4 ,to see ?is grotto to advantage1 he has to asc5d ab\t six feet1 into a recess4 ,!re1 ! beautiful appe>ance ( ! diff]5t cry/allizations1 "s ( !m ( an azure ca/1 & ! e*oes rev]b]at+ f side to side1 make him fancy he has rea*$ ! seclud$ retreat ( "s my?ological deity4 ,return+ by ! same pa? = a consid]able di/ance1 ano!r cav]n1 :i* bran*es 9 a s\?-we/ direction f ! "o already explor$1 pres5ts itself4 ,! roads "h are /ill m difficult ( access1 b ! /alactites are c]ta9ly mo/ beautiful4 ,_m ( !m1 m ?an a y>d 9 l5g?1 are p5d5t f ! ro(1 & ! great] "p d n exce$ ! dim5sion ( ! smalle/ re$4 ,! top & sides ( ?is cav]n are rem>kably smoo?1 p>ticul>ly at ! "p call$ ! ,amphi!at]4 ,9 g5]al1 ! /one is ( a v d>k color1 to :i* ! transp>5t appe>ances be=e m5tion$1 ) ea* a drop ( wat] hang+ at its extremity1 =m a f9e contra/4 ,,spe$well ,,level4 ,9 ! ,spe$well ,level1 or ,navigation ,m9e1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ca/leton1 art has be5 comb9$ ) ! subt]rane\s wond]s ( nature4 ,be+ provid$ ) lights1 ! guide leads ! visitor b5ea? an ar*$ vault1 by a flight ( "o hundr$ & six /eps1 to ! s\gh or level1 :]e a boat is ready = 8 reception1 & is put 9 motion by pu%+ aga9/ pegs driv5 into ! wall = t purpose4 ,aft] proce$+ ab\t "o-?ird ( a mile ?r\gh v>i\s cav]ns1 ! level bur/s into a trem5d\s gulf1 ! ro( & bottom ( :i* are invisible1 b across :i* ! navigation has be5 c>ri$1 by ?r[+ a /rong ar* ov] a "p ( ! fissure :]e ! rocks are lea/ sep>at$4 ,"h1 leav+ ! boat1 & asc5d+ a /age erect$ above ! level1 ! att5tion ( ! visitor is direct$ to ! d>k recess ( ! abyss b5ea? 8 feet2 & firm inde$ mu/ be 8 resolution1 if he c contemplate ! sc5e unmov$1 & )\t an involunt>y %udd]4 ,to ! dep? ( n9ety feet all is vacuity & gloom2 b beyond t comm5ces a pool ( ,/ygian wat]s1 n unaptly nam$ ! ,bottomless ,pit1 ! prodigi\s range ( :i* may 9 "s measure be conceiv$1 by ! circum/ance ( its hav+ swall[$ up m ?an =ty ?\s& tuns ( rubbi%1 made 9 bla/+ ! rock1 )\t any app>5t dim9ution ei!r ( its dep? or ext5t4 ,! guides ass]t t ! =m] has n be5 asc]ta9$2 b !re is reason to believe t its actual dep? 9 /&+ wat] is ab\t ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty feet4 ,!re c n1 h[ev]1 be a d\bt b t ?is abyss has communications ) o!rs /ill m deeply situat$ 9 ! b[els ( ! m\nta91 & into :i* ! precipitat$ rubbi% has f\nd a passage4 ,! sup]flu\s wat] ( ! level falls ?r\gh a wat]-gate into ?is pr(\nd caldron1 ) a noise l a ru%+ torr5t4 ,?is fissure is calculat$ to be ab\t eight hundr$ feet b5ea? ! surface ( ! m\nta92 & s great is its rea* upw>d1 t rockets ( suffici5t /r5g? to asc5d f\r hundr$ & fifty feet1 h be5 fir$ )\t r5d]+ ! ro( visible4 ,! effect ( a ,b5gal light dis*>g$ 9 ?is /up5d\s cavity1 is extremely magnific5t & int]e/+4 ,,! ,,high ,,tor4 ,?is is "o ( ! _m sublime objects pres5t$ by ,matlock dale1 ! beauties ( :i* w be cursorily describ$1 9 proportion z ^! objects pass "u our review4 ,9 approa*+ ! ba?1 :i* is ne>ly a mile to ! s\?-we/ ( ! village ( ,matlock1 a specim5 ( ! sc5]y by :i* ?is *>m+ vale is di/+ui%$1 pres5ts itself4 ,! entrance is ?r\gh a rock1 :i* has be5 bla/$ = ! purpose ( op5+ a conv5i5t passage2 & "h a sc5e :i* bl5ds ! con/itu5t pr9ciples ( ! picturesque1 ! beautiful & ! sublime1 op5s sudd5ly on ! view4 ,?r\gh ! middle ( a n>r[ pla9 fl[s ! ,d]w5t1 ov]hung by a pr(usion ( luxuriant bee*es & o!r droop+ trees4 ,t[>d ! ea/ are g5tly ris+ gr\nds1 & on ! we/ ! huge mural banks ( ! vale /ret* along1 ! :ite face ( ! rock ( :i* !y are compos$ occasionally display+ itself ?r\gh ! woody clo?+ ( _! sides & summits4 ,?is magnific5t sc5]y is s+ul>ly contra/$ by ! manufactories & lodg+-h\ses at ! bottom ( ! vale4 ,to see ?is magic spot to ! greate/ advantage1 x %\ld be ent]$ at its nor!rn extremity1 its beauties !n succe$+ ea* o!r 9 a prop] gradation1 & _! gr&eur & effect be+ r5d]$ m impressive4 ,! *ief att5tion is n[ attract$ to ! ,high ,tor1 a gr& & /up5d\s rock1 :i* appe>s l a va/ abrupt wall ( lime/one1 & rises almo/ p]p5dicul>ly f ! riv]1 to ! hight ( upw>d ( ?ree hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,! l[] "p ( ?is maje/ic feature is %ad$ by yew-trees1 elms1 limes1 & und]wood ( v>i\s foliage2 b ! upp] "p1 = fifty or sixty y>ds1 pres5ts a rugg$ front ( "o broad mass ( p]p5dicul> rock4 ,f its summit ! vale is se5 9 all its gr&eur1 div]sifi$ by woods ( v>i\s hues & species4 ,! w9d+s ( ! ,d]w5t1 ! grayi%-color$ rocks1 & ! :ite fronts ( ! h\ses1 embosom$ amid groves ( trees :i* spr\t f e crevice ( ! precipices1 give v>iety & animation to a sc5e ( wond]ful beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bridge ,,ov] ,,! ,,wye4 ,,*ee ,,tor4 ,9 a romantic & deep holl[1 ne> ! little village ( ,wormhill1 ! riv] ,wye fl[s b5ea? ?is /up5d\s mass ( rock1 :i* rises p]p5dicul>ly m ?an ?ree hundr$ & sixty feet above its level4 ,! *annel ( ! riv]1 :i* me&]s at ! base1 is conf9$ betwe5 huge rocks ( lime/one1 hav+ su* a g5]al correspond5ce ( situation & =m1 z to r5d] x probable t !y 7 once unit$4 ,9 "s p>ts !y are p>tially cov]$ ) bru%wood1 nut-trees & m\nta9-a%2 :ile 9 o!rs1 !y are totally nak$1 precipit\s & imp5d+4 ,! *asm runs 9 a direction s ne>ly circul>1 t ! sublime ,*ee ,tor1 & its dep5d5t masses ( rock1 are almo/ insulat$ by ! riv] :i* rolls at _! feet4 ,its l5g?1 z f> z x possesses any consid]able beauty1 is betwe5 five & six hundr$ y>ds2 a di/ance :i* pres5ts sev]al picturesque & int]e/+ views1 ! g5]al effect ( ! f9e sc5]y be+ enhanc$ by ! plantations on ! neighbor+ hights1 & by a spr+ :i* fl[s into ! riv] ne> ! bottom ( a deep desc5t1 z well z by a romantic bridge ov] ! riv] itself1 a repres5tation ( :i* may be se5 9 ! cut above4 ,n f> f "h is ! well kn[n ,masson hill1 celebrat$ 9 ,d>w9's 8,loves ( ! ,plants10 :i* is s high z to ov]look ! c\ntry to a va/ ext5t1 & comp>$ ) :i* ev5 ! ,high ,tor seems consid]ably dim9i%$ 9 gr&eur & sublimity2 b ?is effect is p>tly comp5sat$ by ! ext5t ( ! prospect1 & ! v>iety ( objects x compreh5ds4 ,! hight ( ?is em95ce is ab\t sev5 hundr$ & fifty feet1 ! pa? to its summit hav+ be5 c>ri$1 9 a w9d+ direction1 ?r\gh a grove4 ,ab\t half-way 9 ! asc5t is an alcove1 f :i* an ext5sive view ( a great "p ( ,matlock dale may be se51 ?r\gh a f9e av5ue =m$ = t purpose4 ,,! ,,cumb]l& ,,cav]n4 ,to ! we/ & nor?-we/ ( ! village ( ,matlock1 are ?ree ap]tures 9 ! rock1 respectively nam$ ! ,cumb]l&1 ,sm$ley1 & ,rutl& cav]ns4 ,! =m] ( ^! is well des]v+ ( a %ort notice4 ,! entrance is p>tly artificial1 to af=d a great] facility to ! visitor1 :o has to desc5d fifty-f\r /eps4 ,! cav]n n[ op5s on him 9 solit>y gr&eur4 ,huge masses ( /one are pil$ on ea* o!r ) a trem5d\s k9d ( c>elessness1 evid5tly produc$ by "s viol5t concussion1 ?\gh at an unkn[n p]iod4 ,he is conduct$ to a long & wide passage1 ! ro( ( :i* has all ! regul>ity ( a f9i%$ ceil+1 & is bespangl$ by sp>s ( v>i\s descriptions4 ,f above1 f b5ea?1 & f ! sides1 ! rays ( ! lights are reflect$ 9 e direction4 ,9 an adjac5t comp>tm5t1 rocks are heap$ on rocks 9 t]rible array1 & assume a ?reat5+ aspect4 ,next is an ap>tm5t decorat$ ) :at1 9 ! language ( ! c\ntry1 is call$ ! sn[-fossil1 a petrifaction :i*1 bo? 9 figure & color1 resembles sn[1 z x is drift$ by ! w9t] /orm into ! cavities ( a rock4 ,ne> ! extremity ( ! cav]n are to be se5 fi%es petrifi$ & fix$ 9 ! sev]al /rata :i* =m ! surr\nd+ recess4 ,"o ( ^! has its back jutt+ out ( ! side ( ! e>?1 z if x _h be5 petrifi$ 9 ! act ( swimm+4 ,9 ano!r bran* ( ! cav]n a well has be5 f\nd ( a consid]able dep?4 ,,reyn>d',s ,,hole4 ,aft] hav+ proce$$ ab\t a mile 9 ,dove dale1 ! romantic & sublime beauties ( :i* w be h]eaft] notic$1 by a r\te con/antly div]sifi$ by new fanta/ic =ms1 & unc\? comb9ations ( rock1 ! visitor is l$ to a mass ( mural rock1 be>+ ! above "n1 & p]=at$ by nature into a gr& ar*1 ne>ly approa*+ to ! %ape ( ! %>ply po9t$ ,go?ic /yle ( ar*itecture1 ab\t =ty-five feet 9 hight1 & 9 wid? tw5ty4 ,hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ?is ar*1 a /eep asc5t leads to a natural cav]n1 call$ ,reyn>d's ,hall1 =ty-five feet 9 l5g?1 fifte5 9 bread?1 & 9 hight ?irty4 ,f ! m\? ( ?is cav]n ! sc5]y is s+ul>1 beautiful & impressive4 ,! face ( ! rock :i* conta9s ! ar*1 rises imm$iately 9 front1 & w\ld effectually prev5t ! eye f rang+ beyond its mighty b>ri]1 did n its c5t] op5 into ! above-m5tion$ ar*1 ?r\gh :i* is se5 a small "p ( ! opposite side ( ! dale1 consi/+ ( a mass ( gloomy wood1 f ! %ade ( :i* a huge deta*$ rock1 solit>y1 cragg$1 & po9t$1 />ts out to a great hight1 & =ms an object truly sublime4 ,?is rock1 :i* has receiv$ ! "n ( ,dove ,dale ,*ur*1 is pleas+ly contra/$ by ! little pa/oral riv]1 ,dove1 & by its v]dant turfy banks4 ,a n>r[ op5+ at ! extremity ( ! cav]n is suppos$ to lead to o!r simil> cavities 9 ! rock2 & on ! left is a cav]n1 ab\t =ty feet 9 l5g?1 9 bread? f\rte51 & 9 hight tw5ty-six1 call$ ,reyn>d's ,kit*51 f ! int]ior ( :i* a pleas+ view is pres5t$ ( ! upp] "p ( ! dale1 its riv] & rocks4 ,aft] pass+ ,reyn>d's ,hole1 already describ$1 ! rocks rise m abruptly on ei!r side1 & appe> 9 %apes m wild & irregul>1 b div]sifi$ & s(t5$ by %rubs4 ,dove dale is ne>ly ?ree miles 9 l5g?2 b f ! s9uosity ( its c\rse1 & its project+ precipices1 ! views are limit$4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ?is maje/ic feature ( c\ntry1 ! riv] ,dove fl[s1 9 ! halcyon days ( summ]1 ) s(t murmurs1 innoc5tly & transp>5tly ov] its pebbly b$2 b swells into rage dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,little tufts ( %rubs & und]wood =m isl&s 9 m9iature )9 its b$1 :i* enl>ge & swell ! o!r objects4 ,! sc5]y ( ?is dale is di/+ui%$ f almo/ e o!r 9 ! unit$ k+doms1 by ! rugg$1 dissimil>1 & frequ5tly grotesque & fanciful appe>ance ( ! rocks4 ,to employ ! words ( a t\ri/ "h1 8,x is1 p]haps1 on ! :ole "o ( ! mo/ pleas+ sc5]ies ( ! k9d any:]e to be met )4 ,x has some?+ peculi>ly *>act]i/ic4 ,its deta*$1 p]p5dicul> rocks /amp x ) an image entirely its own1 & = t reason x af=ds ! great] pleasure4 ,= x is 9 sc5]y z 9 life4 ,we are mo/ /ruck ) ! peculi>ity ( an orig9al "*1 provid$ !re be no?+ (f5sive ,,?or',s ,,h\se4 8,:]e ,hamps & ,manifold1 _! cliffs among1 ,ea* 9 8 fl9ty *annel w9ds along1 ,) lucid l9es ! dusky moor divides1 ,hurry+ to int]mix _! si/] tides1 ,:]e /ill _! silv]-bosom'd nymphs abhor ,! blood-sme>'d mansion ( gigantic ,?or-- ,er/ fires volcanic 9 ! m>ble womb ,( cl\d-wrapp'd ,:etton rais'd ! massy dome2 ,rocks re>'d on rocks1 9 huge disjo9t$ piles1 ,=m ! tall turrets1 & ! l5g!n'd aisles2 ,broad pond'r\s pi]s su/a9 ! ro(1 & wide ,bran* ! va/ ra9b[ ribs f side to side4 ,:ile f above1 desc5ds1 9 milky /reams1 ,"o scanty p5cil ( illusive beams1 ,susp5d$ crags1 & gap+ gulfs illumes1 ,& gilds ! horrors ( ! deep5'd glooms4 ,"h (t ! ,naiads1 z !y *anc'd to /ray ,ne> ! dread ,fane1 on ,?or's return+ day1 ,saw f r$ alt>s /reams ( guiltless blood1 ,/a9 _! gre5 re$-b$s1 & pollute _! flood2 ,he>d dy+ babes 9 wick] prisons wail1 ,& %rieks ( matrons ?rill ! affright$ gale2 ,:ile f d>k caves inf]nal e*oes mock1 ,& fi5ds triumphant %\t f e rock60--,,d>w94 ,?is spaci\s cav]n is situat$ ab\t two miles above ,dove dale1 ne> ! village ( ,:etton2 & tradition says ! ,druids "h (f]$ human sacrifices1 inclos$ 9 wick] idols1 to ,?or1 ! pr9cipal deity ( ! ,saxons & ,danes1 9 ! ages ( _! idolatr\s wor%ip4 ,b5ea? is an ext5sive & romantic common1 :]e ! riv]s ,hamps & ,manifold s9k into ! e>?1 & rise aga9 9 ,islam g>d5s4 ,^! riv]s m]it a brief description4 ,a wood5 bridge has be5 ?r[n ov] an abyss 9 ! rock1 out ( :i* ! riv] ,manifold bur/s ) surpris+ =ce1 aft] hav+ pursu$ a subt]rane\s c\rse ( five miles1 f ! po9t :]e x _h engulf$ itself 9 ! e>?1 call$ ,we/on hill4 ,at ! fur!r di/ance ( tw5ty y>ds a simil> ph5om5on occurs2 = "h ano!r fissure ( a rock pres5ts itself1 :5ce ! riv] ,hamps ?r[s its wat] into day4 ,?is riv] disappe>s at ,leek-wat] ,h\ses1 a place betwe5 ,leek & ,a%b\rn2 ?us pursu+ a subt]rane\s c\rse ( sev5 miles1 be=e x aga9 em]ges into light4 ,on _! em]sion1 ! temp]atures ( ! two riv]s diff] two degrees & a half1 ! ,hamps be+ ! colde/4 ,,! ,,lov]s' ,,leap4 ,! environs ( ,buxton ab\nd 9 romantic sites1 among ! mo/ /rik+ ( :i* is ! dale nam$ ! ,lov]s' ,leap1 on acc\nt ( a va/ precipice :i* =ms "o side ( a n>r[ *asm1 & f ! summit ( :i* a love-lorn female is said to h precipitat$ h]self into ! rocky gulf bel[4 ,ea* side ( ?is beautiful dell is b\nd$ by elevat$ rocks1 ! proximity ( :i* is su*1 t = a consid]able space !re is sc>cely room = ! passage ( ! bubbl+ curr5t ( ! ,wye4 ,sev]al ( ^! rocks are p]p5dicul>1 & b>e ( vegetation2 :ile o!rs are cov]$ ) ivy1 yew & a%-wood1 ) a craggy /eep occasionally />t+ ?r\gh ! v]dure4 ,a circul> road1 ext5d+ 9 circumf]5ce ab\t ?ree miles1 passes 9 view ( ! mo/ romantic "p ( ?is dale1 & =ms a v agreeable walk or ride f ,buxton4 ,at ! s\!rn extremity ! sc5]y assumes a mild] "*1 ! holl[ tak+ ! "n ( ,mill dale1 f a mill :i* is turn$ by ! /ream4 ,9 conjunction ) a rude bridge1 a m\nta9\s pa?1 & o!r rural objects1 ?is =ms a v picturesque view4 ,ano!r f9e sc5e is pres5t$ by a l(ty rock1 call$ ,swall[ ,tor1 :i* so>s ov] a mass ( wood1 ! riv] at its base foam+ & ro>+ ov] brok5 masses ( lime/one4 ,,! ,,moors4 ,d]by%ire is ev]y:]e fruitful 9 natural curiosities1 among ! mo/ /rik+ ( :i* may be reckon$ ! moors ( ,hope p>i%1 inasmu* z !y af=d an extraord9>y in/ance ( ! pres]vation ( human bodies int]r$ 9 !m4 ,9 ! ye> #afgd1 a grazi] & 8 female s]vant1 9 cross+ ^! moors on _! way to ,irel&1 7 lo/ 9 ! sn[1 ) :i* !y 7 cov]$ f ,janu>y to ,may1 & be+ !n discov]$1 ! bodies 7 s (f5sive t ! coron] ord]$ !m to be buri$ on ! spot4 ,aft] a lapse ( tw5ty-n9e ye>s1 :5 ! gr\nd 0 op5$1 !y 7 9 no way *ang$1 ! color ( ! sk9 be+ fair & natural1 & ! fle% z s(t z t ( p]sons newly dead4 ,= tw5ty succe$+ ye>s !y 7 occasionally expos$ z a spectacle1 b c>efully cov]$ aft] be+ view$4 ,!y lay at ! dep? ( ab\t ?ree feet1 9 a moi/ soil or moss4 ,! m9i/] ( ,hope p>i% 0 pres5t 9 #agaf1 =ty-two ye>s aft] ! accid5t1 at a p>ticul> inspection ( ^! bodies4 ,on ! /ock+s be+ drawn (f1 ! man's legs1 :i* _h n be5 uncov]$ be=e1 7 q fair3 ! fle%1 :5 press$ by ! f+]1 pitt$ a little2 & ! jo9ts play$ freely1 )\t ! lea/ /iffness4 ,su* p>ts ( ! clo?+ z ! avidity ( ! c\ntry p1 to possess s great a curiosity1 _h sp>$1 7 firm & good2 & a piece ( new s]ge1 worn by ! woman1 did n appe> to h und]gone any s5sible *ange4 ,,o!r ,,engli% ,,curiosities4 ,hav+ ?us br\ght to a conclusion our details relative to ! wond]s ( ! peak1 & ! v>i\s & int]e/+ natural curiosities !re to be f\nd1 we subjo9 a brief notice ( sev]al o!rs1 :i* h1 9 ,engl&1 attract$ ! notice ( travel]s4 ,among ! extraord9>y cav]ns to be f\nd 9 ! m\nta9s ( ! nor? ( ,engl&1 may be reckon$ ,yordas cave1 9 ! vale ( ,k+sl&1 9 ,york%ire1 :i* conta9s a subt]rane\s cascade4 ,:e!rcot cave1 n f> f ,+leton1 is divid$ by an ar* ( lime/ones1 pass+ "u :i* is se5 a l>ge cascade fall+ f a hight ( m ?an sixty feet4 ,! l5g? ( ?is cave is ab\t "o hundr$ & eighty feet1 & ! bread? n9ety4 ,!re are also 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,engl& _m rem>kable spr+s1 ( :i* "s are impregnat$ ei!r ) salt1 7z t ( ,droitwi*1 9 ,worce/]%ire17 or sulphur1 7z ! fam\s well ( ,wigan1 9 ,lanca%ire17 or bitum9\s matt]1 7z t at ,pit*=d1 9 ,%rop%ire47 ,o!rs h a petrify+ quality1 z t ne> ,lutt]wor?1 9 ,leice/]%ire1 & a dropp+ well 9 ! ,we/ ,rid+ ( ,york%ire4 ,&1 f9ally1 "s ebb & fl[1 z t ( ! peak describ$ above1 & ,laywell ne> ,torbay1 ^: wat]s rise & fall sev]al times 9 an h\r4 ,to ^! we may add t rem>kable f\nta9 ne> ,ri*>d's ,ca/le1 9 ,h]e=d%ire1 commonly call$ ,bone ,well1 :i* is g5]ally full ( small bones1 l ^? ( frogs or fi%es1 ?\gh (t5 cle>$ out4 ,at a cliff ne> ,wigan1 9 ,lanca%ire1 is ! fam\s burn+ well3 ! wat] is cold1 nei!r has x any smell2 yet s /rong a vapor ( sulphur issues out ) ! /ream1 t ^u apply+ a light to x1 ! top ( ! wat] is cov]$ ) a flame1 l t ( burn+ spirits1 :i* la/s sev]al h\rs1 & emits su* a heat t meat may be boil$ ov] x4 ,,m\nta9s ,,( ,,great ,,brita94 ,! ,briti% isles pres5t _m m\nta9s ( a bold & impos+ "*3 :5 contra/$1 h[ev]1 ) ^? :i* h be5 already describ$1 !y mu/ be consid]$ z comp>atively dim9utive4 ,,b5 ,,nevis4 ,! l(tie/ ( ^! m\nta9s is ,b5 ,nevis1 9 ,scotl&1 its elevation above ! level ( ! sea be+ =ty-?ree hundr$ & eighty feet1 or some:at m ?an f\r-fif?s ( a mile4 ,x t]m9ates 9 a po9t1 & elevates its rugg$ front f> above all ! neighbor+ m\nta9s4 ,x is ( easy asc5t2 & at ! p]p5dicul> hight ( fifte5 hundr$ feet1 ! vale b5ea? pres5ts a v agreeable prospect1 ! vi/a be+ beautifi$ by a div]sity ( bu%es1 %rubs1 & bir* woods1 besides _m little v]dant spots4 ,! sea & ! %ore are also se54 ,at ! summit1 ! view ext5ds at once across ! isl&1 ea/w>d t[>d ! ,g]man sea1 & we/w>d to ! ,atlantic ocean4 ,nature "h appe>s on a maje/ic scale & ! va/ness ( ! prospect engages ! :ole att5tion1 at ! same "t ! objects 9 view are ( no common dim5sions4 ,j ov] ! op5+ ( ! s\nd1 at ! s\?-we/ corn] ( ,mull1 ,colonsay rises out ( ! sea l a %ade ( mi/1 at ! di/ance ( m ?an n9ety miles4 ,%una & ,lismore appe> l small spots ( ri* v]dure1 &1 ?\gh ne>ly ?irty miles di/ant1 seem q "u ! spectator4 ,! l[ p>ts ( ,jura c n be disc]n$1 nor any "p ( ,isla2 f> less ! coa/ ( ,irel&1 z has be5 ass]t$4 ,su* is1 h[ev]1 ! wide ext5t ( view1 t x ext5ds "o hundr$ & sev5ty miles f ! horizon ( ! sea at ! ,murray fri?1 on ! nor?-ea/1 to ! isl& ( ,colonsay1 on ! s\?-we/4 ,on ! nor?-ea/ side ( ,b5 ,nevis is an almo/ p]p5dicul> precipice1 c]ta9ly n less ?an f\rte5 hundr$ feet 9 dep?2 probably m1 z x appe>s to exce$ ! ?ird "p ( ! entire hight ( ! m\nta94 ,a /rang] is a/oni%$ at ! sight ( ?is dreadful rock1 :i* has a quantity ( sn[ lodg$ 9 its bosom ?r\gh\t ! :ole ye>4 ,! s\nd ( a /one ?r[n ov] ! cliff to ! bottom1 c n be he>d :5 x falls1 s t x is impossible to asc]ta9 9 t way ! hight ( ! precipice4 ,,sn[don4 ,?is is ! l(tie/ ( ! ,wel* m\nta9s1 its elevation above ! level ( ! sea be+ ?irty-sev5 hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 or ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile4 ,x is accessible on "o side only1 its flanks be+ 9 e o!r qu>t] precipit\s4 ,its aspect soon conv9ces ! spectator t he is n to look to ! ,alps alone1 or to ! rocky regions ( ,altai1 bord]+ on ,sib]ia1 = romantic sc5es ( wildness1 confusion & disord]4 ,sn[don pres5ts !m 9 all _! rude & native maje/y4 ,9 ! asc5t1 a n>r[ pa? n m ?an n9e feet 9 wid?1 leads along ! m>g9 ( a frightful precipice ( ne>ly fifte5 hundr$ feet 9 ext5t1 s p]p5dicul> t x c n be approa*$ )\t t]ror2 :ile to ! nor? ( ! summit ne>e/ to ! "o ! mo/ elevat$1 a semi-amphi!at] ( precipit\s rocks1 also ( a great hight1 is se52 &1 beh9d ?is summit1 ano!r semicircle ( equal dep? & ext5t4 ,! l(tie/ summit "h appe>s to desc5d 9 ! =m ( a %>p ridge1 & b5ea? x ano!r appe>s1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( its color1 is call$ ! ,black ,rock4 ,f ! upp] "p ( ! valley1 "o ( ^! summits pres5ts a gr&1 v]tical1 & v elevat$ po9t4 ,! bottom ( ea* ( ! amphi!at]s ( rocks1 ?irte5 9 numb]1 is occupi$ by a small lake ( a circul> =m1 & v deep4 ,! "o kn[n by ! "n ( ,llyn ,glass is rem>kable = its gre5 hue1 d]iv$ f its be+ impregnat$ ) copp]1 sev]al m9es ( :i* l9e its bord]s4 ,?an ?is m\nta91 no?+ 9 ! ,alps c be m arid & des]t1 ^? regions alone except$ :i* are too l(ty to admit ( vegetation4 ,"h !re is n a tree1 n ev5 a %rub2 small pat*es ( v]dure1 :i* %eep c sc>cely rea*1 are alone to be se54 ,its summit1 or highe/ peak1 is a flat ( ab\t eighte5 feet only 9 circumf]5ce4 ,!nce may be se5 a "p ( ,irel&1 a "p ( ,scotl&1 ,cumb]l&1 ,lanca%ire1 ,*e%ire1 all ,nor? ,wales1 ! isle ( ,man1 & ! ,iri% & ,briti% seas1 ) innum]able lakes2 :ile ! :ole isl& ( ,anglesea is display$ s di/9ctly1 t1 its flat uncultivat$ pla9s1 b\nd$ by ! ri* ,p>ys m\nta9 9 ! vic9ity ( ,holyhead1 may be descri$ z on a map4 ,,cad] ,,idris4 ,to ! s\? ( ,dolgellau1 ,cad] ,idris t[]s above ! subject m\nta9s1 :i* seem to retire1 to all[ its base m room to /&1 & to af=d to _! sov]eign a bett] display4 ,x /&s on a broad rocky base1 ) a gradual asc5t to its br[1 :5 ! peaks elevate !mselves 9 a mann] at once abrupt1 picturesque & di/9ct4 ,! po9t emphatically nam$ ,cad]1 appe>s to ! eye bel[ to be little sup]ior 9 hight to ! saddle2 b ! ?ird po9t1 or apex1 :i* has a "n expressive ( its /]ility1 is nei!r equal 9 hight1 nor 9 beauty1 to ! o!r two4 ,on its l(tie/ peak a /one pill> has lately be5 erect$1 = ! purpose ( a trigonometrical survey4 ,cad] ,idris is ! comm5cem5t ( a *a9 ( primitive m\nta9s1 & is comput$ to be tw5ty-eight hundr$ & fifty feet above ! gre5 ( ,dolgellau1 & ?irty-five hundr$ & fifty feet1 or ne>ly ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile above ! level ( ! sea4 ,x has be5 conjectur$ t at "s remote p]iod x 0 a volcano ( imm5se magnitude4 ,! tract to ! s\? ( ,cad] ,idris1 z f> z ,talylyn & ,malwydd1 is peculi>ly gr&4 ,high & rugg$ m\nta9s ( e possible =m1 close 9 on all sides1 :ile huge masses ( rock hang ov]1 or lie scatt]$ 9 mis%ap5 fragm5ts by ! side ( ! road4 ,to add to ! effect ( ?is sc5e1 ! riv] ,difi =ms "o cont9u$ cat>act = five or six miles1 ov]fl[+ ) ! innum]able tribut>y torr5ts :i* precipitate !mselves f ! highe/ summits ( ! surr\nd+ rocks2 :ile1 to cr[n ! :ole1 ! %ady head ( ,cad] ,idris t[]s1 ! maje/ic s5t9el ( ! gr\p4 ,,p5man-,,mawr4 ,! c\nty ( ,ca]n>von1 9 :i* ?is m\nta9 is situat$1 claims prec$5cy ov] e o!r 9 ,wales1 = ! l(t9ess ( its m\nta9s1 & ! multitude ( ! em95ces1 :i* 9 a curv$ & ind5t$ *a91 occupy ne>ly ! :ole ( its ext5t4 ,9 proce$+ f ,conway to ,bangor1 by a r\te at once picturesque & romantic1 & amid a sc5]y :i* v>ies at e /ep1 ,p5man-mawr discloses to ! travel] its bulky head4 ,x protrudes itself into ! sea1 & exhibits a f9e contra/ to ! f]tility :i* x int]rupts1 by a rude view ( gray wea!r-beat5 /ones & precipices4 ,! passage ov] ! m\nta9 0 =m]ly t]rific2 b ! road has be5 latt]ly wid5$ & secur$1 ne> ! v]ge ( ! precipice1 by a small wall ab\t five feet 9 hight4 ,x =ms ! mo/ sublime t]race 9 ! ,briti% isles1 w9d+ r\nd ! m\nta9 on ! edge ( ! abrupt cliff2 :ile ! va/ imp5d+ rocks above1 ! ro>+ ( ! waves at a great di/ance bel[1 & ! frequ5t h[l+ ( ! w9d1 all unite to fill ! m9d ) solemnity & awe4 ,,skiddaw4 ,?is ,engli% m\nta91 :i* has an elevation ( ?irty-five hundr$ & ?irty feet1 or ne>ly ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile above ! level ( ! sea1 is situat$ 9 ,cumb]l&4 ,x is m rem>kable on acc\nt ( ! sc5]y ov] :i* x presides1 & :i* exce$s 9 beauty :atev] ! imag9ation c pa9t1 ?an = ^? bold projections & t rugg$ maje/y :i* might be expect$1 b :i* w be "h s\ght 9 va94 ,except at su* a di/ance z smoo?s ! emboss$ "w ( all ^! ri* fabrics1 & :]e its d\ble summit makes x a di/+ui%$ object to m>k & *>act]ize a sc5e1 x may be consid]$ z a tame & inanimate object4 ,,:>nside4 ,9 "s ( ! maps ( ,york%ire1 ! hight ( ?is m\nta9 is greatly exagg]at$1 its elevation above ! sea n be+ m ?an tw5ty-five hundr$ feet1 or ne>ly half a mile4 ,z x is situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( a va/ amphi!at] ( hills1 ! prospect x af=ds is div]sifi$ ) pleas+ objects4 ,on its summit are f\r or five small lakes1 two ( :i* are ab\t n9e hundr$ feet 9 l5g?1 & ne>ly ! same 9 bread?4 ,a ?9 seam ( coal also occurs ne> ! top1 & ano!r is said to correspond ) x on ! summit ( ! l(ty ,colm hill1 on ! opposite side ( ,d5t dale4 ,num]\s caves & o!r natural curiosities ab\nd "h1 z well z on ,p5nig5t1 ab\t six miles to ! ea/w>d ( ,+lebor\gh4 ,^! latt] m\nta9s d n possess any p>ticul> int]e/4 ,,/romboli4 ,/romboli is ! pr9cipal ( ! clu/] ( small isl&s1 ly+ to ! nor? ( ,sicily1 nam$ ! ,lip>i isles1 ! :ole ( :i* conta9 volcanoes4 ,at a di/ance1 its =m appe>s to be t ( an exact cone1 b on a clos] exam9ation x is f\nd to be a m\nta9 hav+ two summits ( diff]5t hights1 ! sides ( :i* h be5 torn & %att]$ by crat]s4 ,! mo/ elevat$ summit1 incl9+ to ! s\?-we/1 is1 agreeably to ,spallanzani1 ab\t a mile 9 hight4 ,9 ?is volcanic m\nta91 ! effects ( a con/antly active fire are ev]y:]e visible1 heap+ up1 de/roy+1 *ang+1 & ov]turn+ e in/ant :at itself has produc$1 & incessantly v>y+ 9 its op]ations4 ,at ! di/ance ( "o hundr$ miles1 ! flames x emits are visible1 :5ce x has be5 aptly d5om9at$ ! light-h\se ( t "p ( ! ,m$it]ranean sea4 ,f ! m elevat$ summit1 all ! inn] "p ( ! burn+ crat]1 & ! mode ( its eruption1 may be se54 ,x is plac$ ab\t half-way up1 on ! nor?-we/ side ( ! m\nta91 & has a diamet] n exce$+ two hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,burn+ /ones are ?r[n up at regul> int]vals ( sev5 or eight m9utes1 asc5d+ 9 some:at div]g+ rays4 ,:ile a portion ( !m roll d[n t[>d ! sea1 ! great] "p fall back into ! crat]2 & ^! be+ aga9 ca/ out by a subsequ5t eruption1 are ?us toss$ ab\t until !y are brok5 & r$uc$ to a%es4 ,! volcano1 h[ev]1 con/antly supplies o!rs1 & seems inexhau/ible 9 ?is species ( productions4 ,spallanzani affirms t1 9 ! m viol5t eruptions1 ! eject$ matt] rises to ! hight ( half a mile1 or ev5 high]1 _m ( ! ignit$ /ones be+ ?r[n above ! highe/ summit ( ! m\nta94 ,! erupt$ /ones1 :i* appe> black 9 ! day-"t1 h at night a deep r$ color1 & sp>kle l fire-works4 ,ea* explosion is accompani$ by flames or smoke1 ! latt] resembl+ cl\ds1 9 ! l[] "p black1 9 ! upp] :ite & %9+1 & sep>at+ into globul> & irregul> =ms4 ,9 p>ticul>ly high w9ds f ! s\? or s\?-ea/1 ! smoke spreads ov] e "p ( ! isl&4 ,spallanzani obs]v$ ?is volcano on a p>ticul> night1 :5 ! latt] ( ^! w9ds blew ) great viol5ce4 ,! cle> sky exhibit$ ! appe>ance ( a beautiful aurora borealis ov] t "p ( ! m\nta9 on :i* ! volcano is situat$1 & :i* f "t to "t became m r$ & brilliant1 9 proportion z ! ignit$ /ones 7 ?r[n to a great] hight4 ,! viol5ce ( ! convulsions dep5ds on t ( ! w9d4 ,! pres5t crat] has burn$ = m ?an a c5tury1 )\t any app>5t *ange hav+ tak5 place 9 its situation4 ,! side f :i* ! %[]s ( ignit$ matt] fall into ! sea1 is almo/ p]p5dicul>1 ab\t half a mile broad at ! bottom1 & a mile 9 l5g?1 t]m9at+ above 9 a po9t4 ,9 roll+ d[n1 ! lava raises ! f9e s& l a cl\d ( du/4 ,:ile ?is 0 obs]v$ by ,spallanzani1 ! volcano sudd5ly made an eruption4 ,num]\s pieces ( lava ( a d>k r$ color1 & envelop$ 9 smoke1 7 eject$ f ! top ( ! precipice1 & ?r[n high into ! air4 ,a "p ( !m fell on ! declivity1 & roll$ d[n1 ! small] prec$$ by ! great]2 aft] a few b\nds1 da%+ into ! sea1 giv+ out a %>p hiss+ s\nd4 ,! m m9ute fragm5ts1 f _! lightness1 & ! h9drance ( ! s&1 roll$ sl[ly d[n1 & /rik+ aga9/ ea* o!r1 produc$ ne>ly ! same s\nd z hail-/ones fall+ on a ro(4 ,9 a few m9utes ano!r explosion foll[$1 )\t any s5sible noise2 & two m9utes aft] a ?ird eruption took place1 ) a mu* l\d] explosion ?an ! fir/1 & a f> m copi\s ejection ( lava4 ,! eruptions1 :i* 7 almo/ innum]able dur+ ! "t ,spallanzani rema9$ !re1 all exhibit$ ! same appe>ances4 ,on ! night foll[+ ! "o above describ$1 ! volcano rag$ ) /ill great] viol5ce1 & rapidly hurl$ to a great hight1 ?\s&s ( r$-hot /ones1 =m+ div]g+ rays 9 ! air4 ,^? :i* roll$ d[n ! precipice1 produc$ a hail ( /ream+ fire1 :i* illum9at$ ! /eep desc5t4 ,indep5d5tly ( ^! ignit$ /ones1 !re 0 9 ! air :i* hov]$ ov] ! volcano1 a vivid light1 :i* 0 n ext+ui%$ :5 t 0 at re/4 ,x 0 n prop]ly flame1 b real light rev]b]at$ by ! atmosph]e1 impregnat$ by extrane\s p>ticles1 & m especially by ! asc5d+ smoke4 ,besides v>y+ 9 int5sity1 x appe>$ con/antly 9 motion1 asc5d+1 desc5d+1 dilat+ & contract+1 b always rema9+ p]p5dicul> ov] ! m\? ( ! volcano1 :i* %[$ t x 0 occasion$ by ! conflagration )9 ! crat]4 ,! detonations 9 ! great] eruptions resembl$ ! ro>+ ( di/ant ?und]1 & 9 ! less] ones1 ! explosions ( a m9e4 ,9 ! smalle/ !y 7 sc>cely audible4 ,ea* 0 "s seconds lat] ?an ! ejection4 ,ne> ! m\? ( ! volcano is a small cav]n1 a projection above :i* secures x f ! entrance ( ! ignit$ /ones4 ,f ?is cav]n ,spallanzani 0 enabl$ to look d[n into ! v b[els ( ! volcano4 ,he describes ! edges ( ! crat] z ( a circul> =m1 & n m ?an ?ree hundr$ & =ty feet 9 circumf]5ce1 ! int]nal sides contract+ z !y desc5d1 & assum+ ! %ape ( a truncat$ inv]t$ cone4 ,! crat] itself1 to a c]ta9 hight1 is fill$ ) a liquid r$-hot matt]1 resembl+ melt$ brass4 ,?is is ! fluid lava1 :i* appe>s to be agitat$ by two di/9ct motions1 ! "o inte/9e1 :irl+ & tumultu\s1 & ! o!r t by :i* x is impell$ upw>d4 ,?is liquid matt] is rais$1 sometimes ) m1 & sometimes ) less rapidity1 )9 ! crat]2 & :5 x has rea*$ )9 tw5ty-five or ?irty feet ( ! upp] edge1 a s\nd is he>d n unlike a %ort clap ( ?und]1 :ile at ! same mom5t a portion ( ! lava1 sep>at$ into a ?\s& pieces1 is ?r[n up ) indescribable swiftness1 accompani$ by a copi\s eruption ( smoke1 a%es & s&4 ,a few mom5ts be=e ! report1 ! sup]ficies ( ! lava is inflat$ & cov]$ ) l>ge bubbles1 "s ( :i* are sev]al feet 9 diamet]2 on ! bur/+ ( ^! ! detonation & fi]y %[] take place4 ,aft] ! explosion1 ! lava )9 ! crat] s9ks1 b soon rises aga9 z be=e1 & new bubbles appe>1 :i* aga9 bur/ & produce new explosions4 ,:5 ! lava s9ks1 x gives little or no s\nd2 b :5 x rises1 & p>ticul>ly :5 x beg9s to be inflat$ ) bubbles1 x is accompani$ by a noise simil>1 9 proportion to ! diff]5ce ( magnitude1 to t ( liquor boil+ vehem5tly 9 a caldron4 ,,lip>i4 ,?is isl&1 :i* has giv5 "n to ! :ole clu/]1 is des]v+ ( notice on acc\nt ( its celebrat$ 8/oves40 ,!y are ! only ve/iges ( subt]rane\s conflagration n[ rema9+1 & lie to ! we/ ( ! city1 on ! summit ( a m\nta9 ( consid]able elevation1 call$ ,monte della ,/ufe1 ! ,m\nta9 ( ,/oves4 ,!y consi/ ( five excavations1 9 ! =m ( grottos2 b two ( !m h be5 ab&on$ on acc\nt ( ! great heat1 an exposure to :i* might cause suffocation4 ,ev5 ! /ones are s hot t !y c n be t\*$2 b /ill ! heat v>ies1 & exp]i5ces all ! vicissitudes ( volcanoes4 ,! gr\nd is n p5etrat$ ) hot vapors issu+ f sev]al ap]tures1 z has be5 ass]t$4 ,spallanzani1 h[ev]1 f\nd "o f :i* a ?9 /ream ( smoke issu$ f "t to "t1 ) a /rong sulphure\s smell1 indicat+ ! rema9s ( conflagration exi/+ b5ea?4 ,x is impossible to fix ! exact epo* at :i* ! fires ( ,lip>i 7 ext+ui%$1 or r ! p]iod at :i* ! eruptions ceas$1 = ! exi/5ce ( ! =m] may be d$uc$ f ! hot spr+s & /oves4 ,dolomieu ?9ks ! la/ eruptions are z old z ! six? c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 & conjectures t !y may h ceas$ s9ce ! fires f\nd a new v5t 9 ,vulcano1 s9ce he does n ent]ta9 any d\bt b t ! two isl&s h a subt]rane\s communication4 ,( ?is ! inhabitants ( ,lip>i are s well conv9c$1 t !y are 9 ! greate/ agitation :5 ,vulcano does n smoke1 & :5 its passages are ob/ruct$4 ,!y fe> %ocks & viol5t eruptions1 suspect+ ev5 t ! fires may aga9 break out 9 _! isl&4 ,x is a fact t ! e>?quakes1 :i* are v frequ5t1 g5]ally cease :5 ! eruptions ( ,vulcano comm5ce4 ,,vulcano4 ,?is1 :i* is ! la/ ( ! ,lip>i isles1 be>s 9 e "p ! /amp ( fire4 ,x 0 ! sup]/iti\s belief ( ! anci5t inhabitants t ,vulcan _h "h e/abli%$ 8 =ges1 !re be+ con/ant fires dur+ ! night1 & a ?ick smoke ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,x consi/s ( a m\nta9 9 ! =m ( a truncat$ cone1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 m]ely a case op5+ & expos+ to view a second cone )91 m exact ?an ! o!r1 & 9 :i* ! m\? ( ! volcano is plac$4 ,! latt] is ?us envelop$ on ?ree sides by ! anci5t cone1 & is op5 only on t side :i* is imm$iately wa%$ by ! sea4 ,! base ( ! int]ior cone is sep>at$ f ! /eep sides ( ! anci5t crat] by a circul> valley1 :i* t]m9ates on "o side at ! junction ( ! two m\nta9s1 & on ! o!r s9ks into ! sea4 ,9 ?is valley1 light pumice-/ones are bl5d$ ) fragm5ts ( black1 vitre\s lava1 & buri$ 9 a%es p]fectly :ite4 ,! bl[ ( a hamm] on ^! /ones produces a l\d holl[ s\nd1 :i* re*oes 9 ! neighbor+ cav]ns1 & proves t ! surface is no?+ m ?an ! ar* ( a vault cov]+ an imm5se abyss4 ,! s\nd v>ies accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! cru/1 :i* mu/ h consid]able solidity to support ! weight ( ! new m\nta94 ,?is1 accord+ to ,dolomieu1 is high] & /eep] ?an ! cone :i* conta9s ! crat] ( ,etna1 & its access /ill m difficult2 its p]p5dicul> hight1 h[ev]1 is n m ?an tw5ty-six hundr$ & =ty feet1 or half a mile4 ,he repres5ts ! crat] ( ,vulcano z ! mo/ magnific5t he ev] saw2 & ,spallanzani obs]ves t1 ) ! exception ( t ( ,etna1 he does n "k ( any m capaci\s & maje/ic4 ,x exce$s a mile 9 circuit1 has an oval m\?1 & its greate/ diamet] is f ! s\?-ea/ to ! we/1 :ile its dep? is n m ?an a qu>t] ( a mile4 ,! bottom is flat1 & f _m places /reams ( smoke exhale1 emitt+ a /rong sulphure\s vapor4 ,?is va/ cavity is v regul>1 & z its entire cont5ts are display$ to ! eye1 pres5ts "o ( ! gr&e/ & mo/ impos+ spectacles 9 nature4 ,on l>ge /ones be+ roll$ d[n1 ! m\nta9 re*oes2 & on _! rea*+ ! bottom1 !y appe> to s9k 9 fluid4 ,inde$1 ) ! aid ( a glass1 two small lakes1 suppos$ to be fill$ ) melt$ sulphur1 h be5 discov]$4 ,! declivity ( ! int]ior walls is s great1 t1 ev5 :5 !re is n any dang] f fire1 ! desc5t is next to impossible4 ,aft] consid]able difficulty1 h[ev]1 ?is 0 accompli%$ by ,spallanzani on ! s\?-ea/ side1 ! only "o accessible4 ,he f\nd ! bottom to be some:at m ?an "o-?ird ( a mile 9 circumf]5ce1 & ( an oval =m4 ,! subt]rane\s noise 0 "h mu* l\d] ?an on ! summit1 s\nd+ l an impetu\s riv] foam+ b5ea?1 or1 r1 l a conflict ( agitat$ waves meet+ & cla%+ furi\sly toge!r4 ,! gr\nd 0 likewise 9 "s places p]=at$ ) ap]tures1 f :i* hiss+ s\nds issu$1 resembl+ ^? produc$ by ! bell[s ( a furnace4 ,x %ook :5 press$ by ! feet2 & a l>ge piece ( lava1 let fall five or six feet1 produc$ a subt]rane\s e*o+ s\nd1 :i* cont9u$ "s "t1 & 0 l\de/ 9 ! c5t]4 ,^! circum/ances1 comb9$ ) its burn+ heat1 & ! /rong /5* ( sulphur x emits1 prove t ! fires ( ! volcano are /ill active4 ,its eruptions h be5 mo/ consid]able dur+ ! e>?quakes :i* h desolat$ ,sicily & a great] "p ( ,italy4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 #aghf1 aft] subt]rane\s ?und]s & ro>+s1 :i* 7 he>d ov] all ! isl&s1 to ! great t]ror ( ! inhabitants1 & 7 accompani$ by frequ5t concussions1 ! crat] ?rew out a prodigi\s quantity ( s&1 mix$ ) imm5se volumes ( smoke & fire4 ,?is eruption cont9u$ fifte5 days1 & s great 0 ! quantity ( s& eject$ t ! circumjac5t places 7 entirely cov]$ ) x to a consid]able hight4 ,! lava did n fl[ at ! "t1 at lea/ ov] ! edges ( ! crat]2 & inde$1 su* a curr5t is n rememb]$ by any liv+ p]son4 ,,! ,,himalaya ,,m\nta9s4 ,,betwe5 ,,india ,,& ,,?ibet4 8,! great ,himalayan sn[y range10 says ,mr4 ,fras]1 8is only ! high elevat$ cre/ ( ! m\nta9\s tract t divides ! pla9s ( ,h9doo/an f ^? ( ,?ibet1 or ,less] ,t>t>y4 ,f> z !y pr$om9ate ov]1 & precipit\sly z !y re> !mselves above ! re/1 all ! hills t appe> 9 di/ant ranges1 :5 view$ f ! pla9s1 are inde$ only ! roots & bran*es ( ?is great /em2 &1 h[ev] difficult to trace1 ! connection c always be detect$ betwe5 ea* inf]ior m\nta9 & "s p>ticul> memb] ( its great orig94 8,! horizontal dep? ( ?is m\nta9\s tract1 on t side :i* ov]looks ,h9doo/an1 is no d\bt v>i\s2 b1 f ! difficulty ( ! c\ntry1 a travel] p]=ms a j\rney ( _m days be=e he rea*es ! foot ( ! imm$iate sn[y cliffs4 ,! be/ obs]vations & surveys d n au?orize ! all[ance ( m ?an an av]age dep? ( ab\t sixty miles f ! pla9s to ! comm5cem5t ( ^!1 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry t =ms ! subject ( ?is n>rative4 ,! bread? ( ! sn[y zone itself 9 all probability v>ies /ill m2 = huge masses advance 9 "s places into ! l[] di/ricts1 & 9 o!rs ! cre/ rec$es 9 long rav9es1 t are ! b$s ( torr5ts1 :ile beh9d !y are clo!d by a succession ( ! l(ti] cliffs4 ,e acc\nt we receive ( a passage ?r\gh !m1 7& ?is is no d\bt f\nd mo/ commonly :]e ! belt is n>r[e/17 gives a detail ( _m days' j\rney ?r\gh ! des]ts ( sn[ & rocks2 & x is to be inf]r$1 t on ! nor?-ea/ side !y advance to1 & retreat f ! l[ gr\nd 9 an equally irregul> mann]4 ,inde$1 "s acc\nts w\ld induce ! belief1 t long ranges1 cr[n$ ) sn[-clad peaks1 project 9 v>i\s places f ! great sp9e1 & include habitable & mild] di/ricts2 =1 9 all ! r\tes ( :i* we h acc\nts1 t proce$1 9 v>i\s directions t[>d ! ,trans-,himalayan c\ntries1 hills cov]$ ) sn[ are occasionally m5tion$ z occurr+1 ev5 aft] ! great des]ts are pass$1 & ! graz+ c\ntry ent]$4 ,! bread?1 !n1 ( ?is cre/ ( sn[-clad rock itself1 c n fairly be e/imat$ at less ?an f sev5ty to eighty miles4 8,! great sn[y belt1 al?\gh its l(tie/ cre/ is brok5 into numb]less cliffs & rav9es1 nev]!less pres5ts a b>ri] p]fectly impracticable1 except 9 ^? places :]e holl[s t become ! b$s ( riv]s h 9 "s degree int]sect$ x1 & facilitat$ approa* to its m remote recesses1 or c\rage\s & att5tive p]sev]ance has "h & !re1 discov]$ a dang]\s & difficult pa?1 by :i* a possibility exi/s ( p5etrat+ across ! range4 ,few riv]s hold _! c\rse :olly ?r\gh x3 inde$1 9 ! upp] "p ! ,sutlej alone has be5 trac$ beyond ?is rocky b>ri]2 & !re is a pa? along its /ream1 f diff]5t p>ts ( :i* roads div]ge1 t lead 9 v>i\s directions ?r\gh ! m\nta94 ,no reasonable d\bt c n[ exi/ ( ! v long & extraord9>y c\rse :i* ?is riv] takes4 8,capta9 ,webb ( ! ,b5gal e/abli%m5t1 0 at "o "t employ$ on a survey ( a prov9ce ( ,kumaoon4 ,on ! tw5ty-fir/ day ( ,june1 8 camp 0 elev5 ?\s&1 six hundr$ & eighty feet above ,calcutta4 ,! surface 0 cov]$ ) v ri* vegetation z high z ! knee2 !re 7 v ext5sive b$s ( /rawb]ries 9 full fl[]2 & pl5ty ( currant-bu%es 9 blossom all ar\nd1 9 a cle> spot ( ri* black mold soil1 surr\nd$ by a noble =e/ ( p9e1 oak & rhodod5dron4 ,on ! tw5ty-second ( ,june he rea*$ ! top ( ,pilgo5ta-,*urhaee1 7or asc5t17 twelve ?\s&1 six hundr$ & =ty-two feet above ,calcutta4 ,he 0 prev5t$ f di/+ui%+ v di/ant objects by a d5se fog2 b !re 0 n ! smalle/ pat* ( sn[ ne> him2 & ! surface1 a fat black mold ?r\gh :i* ! rock peep$1 0 cov]$ ) /rawb]ry plants1 7n yet 9 fl[]17 butt]-cups1 d&elions1 & a pr(usion ( o!r fl[]s4 ,! %\ld]s ( ! hill above him1 ab\t f\r hundr$ & fifty feet m elevat$1 7 cov]$ ) ! same to ! top2 & above five hundr$ feet bel[ 0 a =e/ ( p9e1 rhodod5dron & bir*4 ,!re 0 "s sn[ se5 bel[ 9 deep holl[s1 b x dissolves 9 ! c\rse ( ! season4 ,^! facts l$ ,capta9 ,webb to inf]1 t ! inf]ior limit ( p]petual congelation on ! ,himalaya m\nta9s is beyond ?irte5 ?\s&1 five hundr$ feet1 at lea/1 above ! level ( ,calcutta3 & t ! level ( ! table-l& ( ,t>t>y1 imm$iately bord]+ on _! range1 is v f> elevat$ beyond eight ?\s& feet1 ! hight at :i* x has be5 e/imat$4 8,on ! night ( ! sixte5? ( ,july1 we slept at ,bheemkeud>1 ne> ! s\rce ( ! ,coonoo & ,bheem /reams4 ,!re is no wood ne> ?is place1 ev5 9 ! v bottom ( ! valley1 & we _h left ev5 ! /unt$ bir* at a consid]able di/ance bel[2 b !re 0 a pr(usion ( fl[]s1 f]ns1 ?i/les1 c41 & luxuriant pa/urage4 ,capta9 ,webb's limit ( wood is at lea/ z high z twelve ?\s& to twelve ?\s&1 ?ree hundr$ feet4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 presume ! site ( ,bheemkeud> to be consid]ably above t level2 say ?irte5 ?\s& to ?irte5 ?\s&1 ?ree hundr$ feet1 above ! level ( ,calcutta4 ,f !nce we asc5d$ at fir/ r gradually1 & !n v rapidly1 till we left all luxuriant vegetation1 & ent]$ ! region ( /ripp$ & scatt]$ & p>tially melt+ sn[4 ,f calculat+ ! di/ance pass$1 & adv]t+ to ! elevation we _h atta9$1 ,i w\ld presume t ?is 0 at lea/ fifte5 hundr$ feet above ,bheemkeud>1 or f f\rte5 ?\s&1 five hundr$1 to fifte5 ?\s& feet above ,calcutta4 8,we proce$$ onw>d1 asc5d+ v rapidly1 :ile vegetation decreas$ gradually to a m]e gre5 moss1 ) "h & !re a few sn[-fl[]s />t+ ?r\gh x2 sn[ fa/ increas+1 till at l5g? we ent]$ on :at ,i presume 0 ! p]5nial & unmelt+ sn[1 entirely beyond ! l9e ( vegetation1 :]e ! rock 0 b>e ev5 ( li*5s3 & 9 ?is we asc5d$1 z ,i ?9k1 ab\t eight hundr$ feet2 =1 ?\gh ,bamsooroo ,ghat may n be s f> above ?is l9e1 we cont9u$ asc5d+1 ev5 aft] cross+ t po9t1 & ,i w\ld incl9e to e/imate ?is utmo/ ext5t ( asc5t at two ?\s& feet m1 or ne>ly sev5te5 ?\s& feet above ! level ( ,calcutta4 8,:il/ propos+ to consid] ! po9t ( sixte5 ?\s& to sixte5 ?\s&1 five hundr$ feet1 z t ( inf]ior congelation1 ,i mu/ obs]ve t !re 0 no feel+ ( fro/ 9 ! air1 & ! sn[ 0 moi/1 ?\gh h>d1 *iefly ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( a ?ick mi/1 :i*1 9 fact1 am\nt$ to a v small drizzl+ ra91 :i* fell ar\nd3 all :i* w\ld seem to indicate1 t ! true l9e ( congelation _h n !re be5 atta9$2 b we 7 surr\nd$ by sn[ :i* evid5tly nev] melt$4 ,to a great dep? bel[ x ext5d$ all ov] ! hills1 v little brok51 :ile on ! valleys f :5ce ! ,coonoo & ,bheem /reams issue1 at full two ?\s& feet bel[1 x lay cov]+ !m & ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s 9 an unbrok5 mass1 _m hundr$ feet ?ick4 ,?us1 ?\gh x may seem contradictory1 ! l9e ( p]petual congelation1 9 fact seems fixable at ev5 bel[ ! po9t ,i h v5tur$ to indicate1 &1 ,i presume1 might1 on ^! gr\nds1 be plac$ some:]e betwe5 fifte5 & sixte5 ?\s& feet above ! level ( ,calcutta4 8,! result ( all ! consid]ations t arise out ( ! =ego+ rem>ks is a belief1 t ! l(tie/ peaks ( ! ,himalaya range w be f\nd to fall consid]ably %ort ( ! hight attribut$ to !m by ,mr4 ,colebrooke2 & t _! l(tie/ peaks d n m ?an range f eighte5 ?\s& to tw5ty-two or tw5ty-?ree ?\s& feet above ! level ( ! sea4 8,hav+ rea*$ ! top ( an asc5t1 we look$ d[n ^u a v deep & d>k gl51 call$ ,palia ,gadh1 :i* is ! outlet to ! wat]s ( "o ( ! mo/ t]rific & gloomy valleys ,i h ev] se54 ,b x w\ld n be easy to convey by any description a j idea ( ! peculi>ly rugg$ & gloomy wildness ( ?is gl53 x looks l ! ru9s ( nature1 & appe>s1 z x is said to be1 completely impracticable & imp5etrable4 ,little is to be se5 except d>k rock3 wood only fr+es ! l[] p>ts & ! wat]s' edge3 p]haps ! spots & /reaks ( sn[1 contra/+ ) ! g5]al blackness ( ! sc5e1 hight5 ! appe>ance ( desolation4 ,no liv+ ?+ is se52 no motion is visible b t ( ! wat]s2 no s\nd is he>d b _! ro>4 ,su* a spot is suit$ to eng5d] sup]/ition1 & "h x is accord+ly f\nd 9 full gr[?4 ,_m wild traditions are pres]v$1 & _m extravagant /ories relat$ ( x4 8,! gl5 above describ$1 is by f> ! mo/ gloomy1 savage sc5e we h yet met )4 ,i regret t ! wea!r did n p]mit a sket* ( x to be attempt$4 ,beyond ?is we c\ld see no?+ 9 ! c\rse ( ! riv] b rocky banks4 ,! opposite side is p>ticul>ly precipit\s2 yet along its face a road is c>ri$1 :i* is frequ5t$ z mu* z ?is1 & leads to villages /ill f>!r up4 ,by ! "t we _h rea*$ ! village1 ! cl\ds :i* _h l[]$ ar\nd & sunk d[n on ! hills1 began to bur/ ) l\d ?und] & heavy ra94 ,! noise 0 fe>fully rev]b]at$ among ! hills2 & dur+ ! night m ?an once ! s\nd 0 he>d ( fragm5ts f ! br[s ( ! m\nta9s1 cra%+ d[n to ! dep?s bel[ ) a t]rific d94 ,our qu>t]s 7 good4 ,i slept 9 a temple1 neat1 clean & secure f ! wea!r40 ,illu/ration3 ,,s\rce ,,( ,,! ,,jumna4 ,,gungotree1 ,,! ,,s\rce ,,( ,,! ,,jumna1 ,a ,,bran* ,,( ,,! ,,ganges1 ,,9 ,,! ,,himalaya ,,m\nta9s4 ,gungotree1 ! s\rce ( ! ,jumna1 repres5t$ 9 ! cut bel[1 ! mo/ sacr$ bran* ( ! ,ganges1 ought to hold1 & does hold ! fir/ rank among its holy places4 ,"h all is my?ological gr\nd4 ,"h ,mahadeo sits en?ron$ 9 cl\ds & mi/1 amid rocks t defy ! approa* ( liv+ ?+1 & sn[s t make desolation m awful4 ,gods1 goddesses & sa9ts "h cont9ually adore him at my/]i\s di/ance1 & y trav]se _! famili> haunts4 ,b1 al?\gh ,gungotree be ! mo/ sacr$1 x is n ! mo/ frequ5t$ %r9e1 access to x be+ f> m difficult ?an to ,buddr9au?2 & consequ5tly to ?is latt]1 pilgrims flock 9 cr[ds1 appall$ at ! remot5ess & dang] ( ! =m] place ( wor%ip4 ,?is may pretty fully acc\nt = ! sup]ior ri*es & spl5dor ( ,buddr9au?4 ,"h are temples ( consid]able ext5t1 prie/s & (ficials 9 abundance1 :o pres]ve an impos+ ext]ior1 & an appe>ance v5]able f p[] & comp>ative magnific5ce1 & consequ5tly procure ri* & ample (f]+s to keep up _! com=table dignity4 ,! temple ( ,bhadr9a?1 is situat$ on ! we/ bank ( ! ,alackunda1 9 a valley f\r miles long1 & "o mile 9 its greate/ bread?4 ,! ea/ bank rises consid]ably high] ?an ! we/ bank1 & is on a level ) ! top ( ! temple4 ,! position ( ! sanctu>y is consid]$ equidi/ant f two l(ty m\nta9s1 :i* are designat$ by ! names ( ! ,n> & ! ,n>ay5a ,purvatas4 ,! =m] is to ! ea/1 ! latt] to ! we/1 & completely cov]$ ) sn[ f ! summit to ! base4 ,! temple ( ,bhadri-,na? has m b5efic$ l&s atta*$ to x ?an any sacr$ ,h9doo e/abli%m5t 9 ?is "p ( ,india4 ,x is said to possess sev5 hundr$ villages 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,gur:al & ,kumaoon3 _m ( !m h be5 conf]r$ by ! gov]nm5t2 o!rs h be5 giv5 9 pl$ge = loans2 & "s few1 pur*as$ by individuals1 h be5 pres5t$ z religi\s (f]+s4 ,! annual c]emony ( c>ry+ ! images ( _! gods to wa% 9 ! sacr$ /ream ( ! ,jumna1 is1 x appe>s1 "o ( mu* solemnity among ! inhabitants ( ! neighborhood2 & ! conc\rse ( p t "h assemble1 are busily engag$1 & cont9ue to be fully occupi$ 9 do+ honor to x4 ,!y dance to ! s\nd ( /range music1 & intoxicate !mselves ) a sort ( vile _s1 brew$ f gra9 & p>ticul> roots1 sometimes1 x is said1 %>p5$ by pepp]4 ,! dance is mo/ grotesque & savage2 a multitude ( m5 tak+ h&s sometimes 9 a circle1 sometimes 9 a l9e1 beat+ "t ) _! feet1 b5d ) "o accord1 fir/ ne>ly to ! e>? ) _! faces1 !n backw>d1 & !n sidewise1 ) v>i\s wild contortions4 ,^!1 & _! unc\? dress ( black & gray blankets1 give a peculi> air ( brutal f]ocity to ! assemblage4 ,! m5 dance all day1 & 9 ! ev5+ !y are jo9$ by ! wom51 :o mix indiscrim9ately ) !m1 & keep up danc+ & intoxication till ! night is f> advanc$4 ,!y cont9ue ?is frantic k9d ( wor%ip = sev]al days2 &1 9 tru?1 x is mu* 9 unison ) _! g5]al mann]s & habits1 savage & inconsi/5t4 ,at a place s sacr$1 ! resid5ce ( s _m ,brahm9s1 & ! resort ( s _m pilgrims1 we might expect to f9d a /rict att5tion to ! =ms ( religion1 & a scrupul\s obs]vance ( ! privations & au/]ities enjo9$ by x4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 is ?is f ! tru?1 t mu* is met )1 %ock+ ev5 to ^? ,h9doos :o are less bigot$4 8,!re 7 sev]al po9ts to be arrang$10 says ,mr4 ,fras]1 8be=e we c\ld set (f = ,gungotree1 ! s\rce ( ! ,jumna4 ,i did n deem x prop] to g un>m$2 b agre$ t only five m5 %\ld be acc\t]$ to att5d u1 & t ,i %\ld myself c>ry my gun4 ,b all ^! weapons ( w> 7 to be put aside be=e we got )9 sight ( ! holy spot1 & deposit$ 9 a cave ne> x1 "u a gu>d4 ,i also pl$g$ myself t no use %\ld be made ( ^! in/rum5ts1 nor any life sacrific$ = ! purpose ( food1 ei!r by myself or by any ( my p1 aft] leav+ ! village1 until we return$2 moreov]1 t ,i w\ld n ev5 c>ry meat ( any sort1 dead or alive1 along ) me1 b eat only rice & bread4 ,z to ! putt+ (f my %oes1 !y did n ev5 propose x to me1 & x c\ld n h be5 done2 b ,i volunte]$ to put !m (f1 :5 ent]+ into ! prec9cts ( ! temple & holi] places1 :i* pleas$ !m greatly4 ,all ! ,h9doos1 includ+ ! ,ghoorkhas1 w5t f ! village b>efoot4 8,j at ! end ( ! bridge !re is an ov]hang+ rock1 "u :i* wor%ip is p]=m$ to ,bhyram1 & a black /one p>tly pa9t$ r$1 is ! image ( ! god2 & "h n only 7 pray]s & wor%ip p]=m$1 b e "o 0 oblig$ to ba! & eat bread bak$ by ! ,brahm9s1 z prep>atory to ! great & effectual ablutions at ! holi] ,gungotree4 ,?is occupi$ a consid]able "t1 z ! p>ty 0 num]\s3 9 ! mean "t ,i took a v imp]fect sket* ( ! sc5e1 aft] :i* ,i ba!d myself at ! prop] place1 :i* is ! junction ( ! two /reams1 :ile ! ,brahm9 pray$ ov] me4 ,among ! c]emonies p]=m$1 he made me hold a tuft ( grass :ile he pray$1 :i* at ! conclusion he direct$ me to ?r[ into ! eddy occasion$ by ! meet+ ( ! two wat]s4 8,by an unpleasant pa? we rea*$ a /ep1 or level spot on ! fir/ /age ( ! m\nta91 :]e1 9 a ?ick grove ( fir-trees1 is plac$ a small temple to ,bhyram1 a pla9 :ite build+1 built by ord] ( ,umur ,s+ ,t'happa1 :o gave a sum ( money to repair ! road1 & erect places ( wor%ip "h1 & at ,gungotree4 ,hav+ paid our respects to ,byramjee1 we proce$$ along ! side ( ! hill on ! "r bank1 nor? ( ! riv]1 gradually asc5d+ by a pa? equally difficult & dang]\s z ! fir/ "p ( our asc5t1 b m fe>ful1 z ! precipice to ! riv]1 :i* rolls bel[ u1 increases 9 hight1 & exce$+ly toilsome f ! nature ( ! gr\nd ov] :i* x passes1 & :i* consi/s :olly ( %>p fragm5ts f ! cliffs above1 ) fall5 trunks & brok5 bran*es ( trees4 8,! pa? increases 9 difficulty f ! v irregul> nature ( ! gr\nd1 z well z ! /eepness ( ! hill face across :i* x leads1 asc5d+ & desc5d+ z ! small1 ?\gh deep wat]-c\rses furr[ ! m\nta9 side1 9 loose soil1 =m$ ( small fragm5ts fall5 f above1 & :i* slip d[n1 ?reat5+ to c>ry ! travel] to ! gulf bel[4 ,! %apeless blocks ( rock n[ m completely ob/ruct ! way1 & = hundr$s ( y>ds1 at times1 ! pass5g] mu/ clamb] ov] ^! masses1 heap$ z !y are "o ^u ano!r1 9 mon/r\s confusion1 & s unc]ta9 & un/eady1 t1 huge ?\gh !y are1 !y %ake & move ev5 "u ! burd5 ( a man's weight4 ,s pa9ful inde$ is ?is track1 t x might be conceiv$ z meant to s]ve z a p5ance to ! un=tunate pilgrims ) b>e feet1 ?us to prep>e !m = ! special & conclusive act ( piety !y h 9 view1 z ! object ( _! j\rney to ^! extreme wilds4 8,! spot :i* be>s ! "n ( ,gungotree1 is conceal$ by ! r\ghness ( ! gr\nd1 & ! masses ( fall5 rock1 s z n to be se5 till ! travel] comes close ^u x4 ,! temple is situat$ precisely on ! sacr$ /one on :i* ,bhagirutte us$ to wor%ip ,mahadeo1 & is a small build+ ( a squ>e %ape = ab\t twelve feet high1 & r\nd+ 91 9 ! usual =m ( pagodas1 to ! top4 ,x is q pla91 pa9t$ :ite1 ) r$ mold+s1 & surm\nt$ ) ! usual melon-%ap$ ornam5ts ( ^! build+s4 ,f ! ea/]n face ( ! squ>e1 :i* is turn$ ne>ly to ! sacr$ s\rce1 !re is a small projection cov]$ ) a /one ro(1 9 :i* is ! entrance fac+ ! ea/1 & j opposite ?is !re is a small pagoda-%ap$ temple to ,bhyramjee4 ,! :ole is surr\nd$ by a wall ( unhewn /one & lime1 & ! space ?is conta9s is pav$ ) flat /ones4 ,9 ?is space too1 !re is a com=table b small h\se = ! resid5ce ( ! ,brahm9s :o come to (ficiate4 ,)\t ! inclosure !re are two or ?ree %$s con/ruct$ ( wood1 call$ dhurum sallahs1 built = ! accommodation ( pilgrims :o resort "h2 & !re are _m caves ar\nd =m$ by ov]hang+ /ones1 :i* yield a %elt] to ^? :o c n f9d accommodation 9 ! %$s4 8,! sc5e 9 :i* ?is holy place is situat$1 is wor?y ( ! my/]i\s sanctity attribut$ to x1 & ! rev]5ce ) :i* x is reg>d$4 ,we h n "h ! conf9$ gloom9ess ( ,bhyram ,gattee3 ! actual dread :i* c n b be inspir$ by ! precipices & torr5ts1 & p]ils ( ! place1 "h gives way to a s5sation ( awe1 impos+ b n emb>rass+1 t might be comp>$ to ! d>k & dang]\s pass to ! c5t] ( ! ru9s ( a =m] _w2 =1 mo/ truly1 !re is little "h t recalls ! recollection ( t :i* we seem to h quitt$4 ,! b>e & peak$ cliffs :i* %oot to ! skies1 yield n 9 rugg$ness or elevation to any we h se52 _! ru9s lie 9 wild *aotic masses at _! feet1 & scanti] wood imp]fectly relieves _! nak$ness3 ev5 ! d>k p9e m r>ely roots itself 9 ! deep *asms :i* "t has worn4 ,?us on all sides is ! prospect clos$1 except 9 front to ! ea/w>d2 :]e1 f beh9d a mass ( b>e spires1 f\r huge1 l(ty1 sn[y peaks arise3 ^! are ! peaks ( ,roodroo-,himala4 ,!re c\ld be no f9] f9i%+1 no gr&] close to su* a sc5e1 z is visible 9 ! engrav+4 8,we approa* x ?r\gh a labyr9? ( enorm\s %apeless masses ( granite1 :i* dur+ ages h fall5 f ! cliffs above1 t fr[n ov] ! v temple1 & 9 all probability w "s day !mselves desc5d 9 ru9s & cru% x4 ,ar\nd ! inclosure1 & among ^! masses1 = "s di/ance up ! m\nta91 a few f9e old p9e-trees ?r[ a d>k %ade & =m a magnific5t =egr\nd2 :ile ! riv] runs impetu\sly 9 its %+ly b$1 & ! /ifl$ b fe>ful s\nd ( ! /ones :i* x rolls along ) x1 cru%+ toge!r1 mixes ) ! ro> ( its wat]s4 8,x is easy to write ( rocks & wilds1 ( torr5ts & precipices2 x is easy to tell ( ! awe su* sc5es inspire3 ?is /yle & ^! descriptions are common & hackney$4 ,b x is n s simple1 to _m surely n v possible1 to convey an adequate idea ( ! /]n & rugg$ maje/y ( "s sc5es2 to pa9t _! lonely des]tness1 or describe ! undef9able s5sation ( rev]5ce & dread t /eals ov] ! m9d :ile contemplat+ ! dea?-l1 gha/ly calm t is %$ ov] !m3 & :5 at su* a mom5t we rememb] our homes1 our fri5ds1 our firesides1 & all social int]c\rse ) our fell[s1 & feel our pres5t solitude1 & f> di/ance f all ^! de> ties1 h[ va9 x is to /rive at description6 ,surely su* a sc5e is ,gungotree4 ,see cut1 page #aji4 ,nor is x1 indep5d5tly ( ! nature ( ! surr\nd+ sc5]y1 a spot :i* lightly calls =? p[]ful feel+s4 ,we 7 n[ 9 ! c5t] ( ! /up5d\s ,himalaya1 ! l(tie/ & p]haps mo/ rugg$ range ( m\nta9s 9 ! _w4 ,we 7 at ! ackn[l$g$ s\rce ( t noble riv]1 :i* is equally an object ( v5]ation & a s\rce ( f]tility1 pl5ty & opul5ce to ,h9doo/an2 & we _h n[ rea*$ ! holie/ %r9e ( ,h9doo wor%ip :i* ^! holy hills conta94 ,^! are surely /rik+ consid]ations1 comb9+ ) ! solemn gr&eur ( ! place1 to move ! feel+s /rongly4 8,! =tuit\s circum/ance ( be+ ! fir/ ,european t ev] p5etrat$ to ?is spot1 0 no matt] ( boa/1 = no great dang] _h be5 brav$1 no extraord9>y fatigues und]gone2 ! road is n[ op5 to any o!r :o *ooses to attempt x2 b x 0 a matt] ( satisfaction to myself4 ,! fir/ object ( inquiry t naturally occurs to ! travel]1 aft] ca/+ a glance ov] ! g5]al l&scape1 is ! s\rce ( ! riv]4 ,"h1 z at ,jumnotree1 y are told t no mortal has gone1 or c g fur!r t[>d its extreme orig9 ?an ?is spot2 & ! difficulty is inde$ v app>5t4 ,i made a trial to ga9 a po9t ab\t two furlongs beyond ! temple1 bo? = ! purpose ( obs]v+ ! c\rse ( ! riv]1 & ( see+ ,gungotree 9 ano!r po9t ( view4 ,b hav+ ) consid]able difficulty made my way ov] ! un/eady fragm5ts = "s hundr$ y>ds1 at ! risk ( be+ precipitat$ into ! /ream1 ,i 0 =c$ to turn back4 8,! s\rce is n m ?an five miles' horizontal di/ance f ! temple1 & 9 a direction s\?-ea/1 eighty-five degrees ne>ly2 & beyond ?is place x is 9 all probability *iefly suppli$ by ! melt+ ( ! great bosom ( sn[ :i* t]m9ates ! valley1 & :i* lies betwe5 ! peaks ( ! great m\nta9 above m5tion$4 8,?is m\nta91 :i* is consid]$ to be ! l(tie/ & greate/ ( ! sn[y range 9 ?is qu>t]1 & probably yields to none 9 ! :ole ,himalaya1 obta9s ! "n ( ,roodroo ,himala1 & is held to be ! ?rone or resid5ce ( ,mahadeo himself4 ,x is also indiscrim9ately call$ ,pau* ,purbut1 f its five peaks1 & ,soom]oo ,purbot1 :i* is n to be conf\nd$ ) ! m\nta9 s call$ ne> ,bund]b\*2 & sometimes ! g5]al appellation ( ,kylas is giv51 :i* lit]ally signifies any sn[y hill1 b is appli$ to ?is m\nta9 by way ( prem95ce4 ,x has five pr9cipal peaks1 call$ ,roodroo ,himala1 ,burrumpooree1 ,biss5pooree1 ,oodgurre ,kanta & ,soorga ,r\nee4 ,^! =m a sort ( semicircul> holl[ ( v consid]able ext5t1 fill$ ) et]nal sn[1 f ! gradual dissolution ( ! l[] p>ts ( :i* ! pr9cipal "p ( ! /ream is g5]at$3 probably !re may be small] holl[s beyond ! po9t to ! "r above ,gungotree1 :i* also supply a portion4 8,)9 ! temple !re are ?ree images2 "o1 t ( ,kali2 & ! elevat$ /one %elf on :i* !y 7 plac$ 0 wet & soil$ ) ! (f]+s made2 !re 0 a peculi> smell1 b ,i "k n :5ce x proce$$4 ,! place1 z usual1 0 light$ by a small lamp3 no daylight _h admittance4 ,j bel[ ! temple1 on ! riv] side1 grew ?ree popl> trees1 & a few small l>*es2 above !re are ! rema9s ( a f9e old silv] fir-tree1 :i* ov]%ad[s "s ( ! caves & %$s4 ,! :ole p also ba!d1 & contribut$ some?+ to ! prie/hood2 & x 0 a matt] ( s]i\s importance1 z well z ( great joy to e "o1 t we _h ?us happily rea*$ a place ( su* sup]em95t sanctity3 su*1 inde$1 t ! act ( ba?+ "h is suppos$ to cleanse f e s9 h]et(ore committ$1 & ! difficulty ( :i* is s great1 t few1 except pr(essional devotees1 ev] attempt rea*+ ! holy place4 8,x is cu/om>y t ^? :o h lo/ _! fa!r & "m1 or ei!r ( ^!1 %all be %av$ at ?is spot2 & x 0 curi\s to obs]ve ! :imsical *anges produc$ by ! op]ation1 :i* numb]s und]w5t4 ,x appe>s also1 t "o *ief ord9ance 0 ! go+ frequ5tly r\nd ! holy temple2 & we p>ticul>ly obs]v$ t ^? :o 7 not$ z ! greate/ rogues 7 mo/ =w>d 9 ?is pi\s ex]cise3 "o man1 9 p>ticul>1 :o _h be5 a notori\s ?ief1 0 unwe>i$ 9 8 p]sev]ance4 8,well1 inde$1 d !y say1 t ,seeva has made ^! recesses :i* he inhabits1 inaccessible to all b ^? :om true devotion leads to 8 %r9e4 ,t man mu/ h be5 inde$ /rongly impell$ by devotion1 ambition1 or curiosity1 :o fir/ explor$ ! way to ,gungotree4 ,x 7 unavail+ to inquire1 & p]haps ( little use1 if kn[n1 to :i* ( ^! motives we owe ! ent]prise2 b pati5ce1 p]sev]ance1 & c\rage1 mu/ h be5 /rongly unit$ ) x to lead him safely & successfully ?r\gh ^? awful cliffs1 t w\ld b> ! way to mo/ m54 ,ano!r om5 ( favor po9t$ out 01 ! increase ( ! riv] aft] ba?+1 z at ,jumnotree2 & x is s+ul> en\gh1 t dur+ ! "t we rema9$ "h1 ,i rem>k$ sev]al increases & decreases ( ! wat]1 )\t any obvi\s causes2 b ^! may fairly be ref]r$ to ! effects ( sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature occurr+ frequ5tly among ! hills1 & act+ on ! body ( sn[ t fe$s ! riv]40 ,,asiatic ,,volcanoes4 ,among ! ,asiatic burn+ m\nta9s1 a brief acc\nt ( :i* we introduce aft] ! above int]e/+ notice ( ! gr& ,himalaya *a91 ^? ( ,japan are bo? rem>kable & num]\s4 ,on ! summit ( a m\nta9 9 ! prov9ce ( ,figo1 is a l>ge cav]n1 =m]ly ! m\? ( a volcano1 b ! flame ( :i* has ceas$1 probably = want ( combu/ible matt]4 ,9 ! same prov9ce1 ne> a religi\s /ructure call$ ! ,temple ( ! ,jeal\s ,god ( ,aso1 a p]petual flame issues f ! top ( a m\nta94 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,tsickus5 is ano!r burn+ m\nta91 :]e 0 =m]ly a coal-pit1 :i* hav+ be5 set on fire by ! c>elessness ( ! workm51 has be5 burn+ ev] s9ce4 ,sometimes a black smoke1 accompani$ by a v disagreeable /5*1 is obs]v$ to issue f ! summit ( a fam\s m\nta9 call$ ,fesi1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,s]uga4 ,?is m\nta9 is said to be ne>ly z high z ! peak ( ,t5]iffe1 b 9 %ape & beauty is suppos$ n to h an equal4 ,its top is cov]$ ) p]petual sn[4 ,belong+ to ! ,japanese clu/]1 & n f> f ,pir&a1 is a small rocky isl&1 :i* has be5 burn+ & trembl+ = _m c5turies2 & 9 ano!r small isl&1 opposite to ,santzuma1 is a volcano :i* has be5 burn+ at diff]5t int]vals = _m ages4 ,capta9 ,gore1 :5 leav+ ,japan1 pass$ by great quantities ( pumice-/one1 sev]al pieces ( :i* 7 tak5 up1 & f\nd to weigh f "o ounce to ?ree p\nds4 ,x 0 conjectur$ t ^! /ones _h be5 ?r[n into ! sea by eruptions at v>i\s times1 z _m ( !m 7 cov]$ by b>nacles 7small %ells7 & o!rs 7 q b>e4 ,,volcanic ,,m\nta9s ,,( ,,kamts*atka4 ,!re are ?ree burn+ m\nta9s ( ,kamts*atka1 :i* = _m ye>s h ?r[n out a consid]able smoke1 b d n (t5 bur/ into a flame4 ,"o ( ^! is situat$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,awatska2 & ano!r1 nam$ ! volcano ( ,tolbat*iek1 on a neck ( l& betwe5 ! riv] ,kamts*atka & ! ,tolbat*iek4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #agci1 ! flames issu$ ) su* viol5ce f ! crat]1 z to r$uce to a%es ! =e/s on ! neighbor+ m\nta9s4 ,?is 0 succe$$ by a cl\d ( smoke1 :i* ov]spread & d>k5$ ! :ole c\ntry1 until x 0 dissipat$ by a %[] ( c9d]s1 :i* cov]$ ! gr\nd to ! di/ance ( ?irty miles4 ,! ?ird volcano is on ! top ( ! p>ticul> m\nta9 ( ,kamts*atka1 :i* is describ$ z by f> ! highe/ 9 ! p59sula4 ,x rises f two r[s ( hills1 some:at 9 ! =m ( a sug>-loaf1 to a v great hight4 ,x usually ?r[s out a%es twice or ?rice a ye>1 sometimes 9 su* quantities1 t = ?ree hundr$ v]/s1 7"o hundr$ & sixty-five ,engli% miles17 ! e>? is cov]$ ) !m4 ,9 ! ye> #agcg1 at ! latt] end ( ,septemb]1 a conflagration1 :i* la/$ = a week1 0 s viol5t & t]rific1 t ! m\nta9 appe>$1 to ^? :o 7 fi%+ at sea1 l "o r$-hot rock2 & ! flames :i* bur/ ?r\gh sev]al op5+s1 ) a dreadful noise1 resembl$ riv]s ( fire4 ,f ! inside ( ! m\nta9s 7 he>d ?und]+s1 crack+s1 & bla/s l ^? ( ! /ronge/ bell[s1 %ak+ all ! neighbor+ t]ritory4 ,dur+ ! night x 0 mo/ t]rible2 b at l5g? ! conflagration end$ by ! m\nta9's ca/+ =? a prodigi\s quantity ( c9d]s & a%es1 among :i* 7 por\s /ones1 & glass ( v>i\s colors4 ,:5 ,capta9 ,cl>ke sail$ out ( ! h>bor ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 9 ,june1 #aggh1 to ! nor?w>d1 an eruption ( ! fir/ ( ^! volcanoes 0 obs]v$4 ,a rumbl+ noise1 resembl+ di/ant holl[ ?und]1 0 he>d be=e daylight2 & :5 ! day broke1 ! decks & sides ( ! %ips 7 cov]$ ) a f9e du/1 resembl+ em]y1 ne>ly an in* ?ick1 ! air at ! same "t be+ *>g$ ) ?is sub/ance to su* a degree1 t t[>d ! m\nta91 :i* is situat$ to ! nor? ( ! h>bor1 ! surr\nd+ objects 7 n to be di/+ui%$4 ,ab\t twelve o'clock1 & dur+ ! aft]noon1 ! explosions became l\d]1 & 7 foll[$ by %[]s ( c9d]s1 :i* 7 9 g5]al ab\t ! size ( peas1 ?\gh _m 7 pick$ up on ! deck l>g] ?an a hazel-nut4 ,along ) ! c9d]s fell sev]al small /ones :i* _h n und]gone any *ange f ! action ( fire4 ,,volcanic ,,m\nta9 ,,( ,,albay4 ,! foll[+ details ( ! dreadful eruption ( ! volcano ( ,albay1 9 ! isl& ( ,luconia1 "o ( ! ,philipp9es1 on ! fir/ ( ,febru>y1 #ahad1 are f an eye-witness ( ! dreadful sc5es x pres5t$4 8,dur+ ?irte5 ye>s ! volcano ( ,albay _h pres]v$ a pr(\nd sil5ce4 ,x 0 no long] view$ ) t di/ru/ & horror ) :i* volcanoes usually inspire ^? :o inhabit ! vic9ity4 ,its ext5sive & spaci\s br[ _h be5 conv]t$ into highly cultivat$ & beautiful g>d5s4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y la/1 no p]son reflect$1 9 ! slighte/ degree1 ^u ! damages & losses :i* s bad a neighbor _h once occasion$4 ,previ\sly to ! =m] eruptions !re _h be5 he>d c]ta9 subt]rane\s s\nds1 :i* 7 presages ( !m4 ,b ^u ! pres5t occasion we rem>k$ no?+1 except t on ! la/ day ( ,janu>y we p]ceiv$ "s slight %ocks4 ,9 ! night ! %ocks increas$4 ,at two 9 ! morn+ "o 0 felt m viol5t ?an ^? hi!rto exp]i5c$4 ,x 0 repeat$ at f\r1 & f t "t !y 7 almo/ cont9ual until ! eruption comm5c$4 8,! day broke1 & ,i sc>cely ev] rem>k$ 9 ,cam>9es a m s]5e & pleasant morn+4 ,i obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! ridges ne>e/ to ! volcano 7 cov]$ ) mi/1 :i* ,i suppos$ to be ! smoke ( "s h\se t might h be5 on fire 9 ! night4 ,b at eight o'clock ! volcano began sudd5ly to emit a ?ick column ( /ones1 s&1 & a%es1 :i* ) ! greate/ velocity1 0 elevat$ into ! highe/ regions ( ! atmosph]e4 ,at ?is sight we 7 fill$ ) ! utmo/ dread1 especially :5 we obs]v$ t 9 an in/ant ! br[ ( ! volcano 0 q cov]$4 ,we _h nev] se5 a simil> eruption1 b 7 conv9c$ t a riv] ( fire 0 fl[+ t[>d u1 & 0 ab\t to consume u4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* 0 done 9 my village 0 to secure "s ?+s e/eem$ sacr$1 & !n we betook ourselves to flight4 ,! swiftness ) :i* ! dreadful tide roll$ t[>d u1 did n give u "t ei!r = reflection or consultation4 ,! frightful noise ( ! volcano caus$ great t]ror ev5 9 ! /\te/ he>ts4 ,we all ran1 fill$ ) dismay & con/]nation1 endeavor+ to rea* ! highe/ & mo/ di/ant places1 to pres]ve ourselves f s imm95t a dang]4 ,! horizon began to d>k51 & our anxieties r$\bl$4 ,! noise ( ! volcano cont9ually increas$1 ! d>kness augm5t$1 & we cont9u$ our flight4 ,b1 not)/&+ our swiftness1 we 7 ov]tak5 by a heavy %[] ( huge /ones1 by ! viol5ce ( :i* _m un=tunate p]sons 7 9 a mom5t kill$4 ,?is cruel circum/ance oblig$ u to make a pause 9 our c>e]1 & to %elt] ourselves "u ! h\ses2 b ! flames & burnt /ones :i* fell f above1 9 a %ort "t r$uc$ !m to a%es4 8,! sky 0 n[ completely ov]ca/1 & we rema9$ envelop$ & imm]s$ 9 a ?ick & palpable d>kness4 ,f t mom5t reflection 0 at an end4 ,! "m ab&on$ h] *ildr51 ! husb& 8 wife1 & ! *ildr5 =got _! p>5ts4 8,9 ! h\ses we _h no long] any %elt]4 ,x 0 necess>y to ab&on1 or p]i% ) !m2 yet1 to g out uncov]$1 0 to expose "o's self to a dang] n less imm95t1 because _m ( ! /ones 7 ( an enorm\s size2 & !y fell z ?ick z drops ( ra94 ,x 0 necess>y to def5d ourselves z well z we c\ld4 ,"s cov]$ !mselves ) hides1 o!rs ) tables & *airs1 & o!rs ) bo>ds & tea-trays4 ,_m took refuge 9 ! trunks ( trees1 o!rs among ! canes & h$ges1 & "s hid !mselves 9 a cave1 :]e ! br[ ( a m\nta9 protect$ !m4 8,ab\t t5 o'clock ! heavy /ones ceas$ to fall1 & a ra9 ( ?ick s& succe$$4 ,at half pa/ "o ! noise ( ! volcano began to dim9i%1 & ! horizon to cle> a little2 & at two x became q tranquil2 & we n[ began to p]ceive ! dreadful ravages :i* ! d>kness _h hi!rto conceal$ f u4 ,! gr\nd 0 cov]$ ) dead bodies1 "p ( :om _h be5 kill$ by ! /ones1 & ! o!rs consum$ by ! fire4 ,two hundr$ p]i%$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,budiao1 & ?irty-five 9 a s+le h\se 9 t village4 ,! joy ! liv+ felt at hav+ pres]v$ !mselves1 0 9 _m conv]t$ into ! extremity ( sorr[ at f9d+ !mselves depriv$ ( _! relations & fri5ds4 ,fa!rs f\nd _! *ildr5 dead1 husb&s _! wives1 & wives _! husb&s1 9 ! village ( ,budiao1 :]e !re 7 v few :o _h n lo/ "s ( _! ne>e/ connections4 ,9 o!r places we f\nd _m p]sons ext5d$ ^u ! gr\nd1 w\nd$ or bruis$ 9 a ?\s& ways4 ,"s ) _! legs brok51 "s )\t arms1 "s ) _! skulls fractur$1 & o!rs cov]$ ) w\nds4 ,_m di$ imm$iately1 o!rs on ! foll[+ days1 & ! re/ 7 ab&on$ to ! mo/ melan*oly fate1 )\t physicians1 )\t m$ic9es1 & 9 want ev5 ( necess>y food4 8,five popul\s t[ns 7 entirely de/roy$ by ! eruption2 m ?an twelve hundr$ ( ! inhabitants p]i%$ amid/ ! ru9s2 & tw5ty ?\s& :o surviv$ ! awful cata/rophe1 7 /ripp$ ( _! possessions & r$uc$ to begg>y4 8,! subsequ5t appe>ance ( ! volcanic m\nta9 0 mo/ melan*oly & t]rific4 ,its side1 =m]ly s well cultivat$1 & :i* af=d$ a prospect ! mo/ picturesque1 is n[ become a b>r5 s&4 ,! /ones1 s& & a%es1 :i* cov] x1 9 "s places exce$ ! dep? ( t5 & twelve y>ds2 & on ! gr\nd :]e lately /ood ! village ( ,budiao1 !re are spots 9 :i* ! cocoa-trees are almo/ cov]$4 ,9 ! ru9$ villages1 & ?r\gh ! :ole ext5t ( ! eruption1 ! gr\nd rema9s buri$ 9 ! s& to ! dep? ( half a y>d1 & sc>cely a s+le tree is left alive4 ,! crat] ( ! volcano has l[]$ m ?an "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet2 & ! s\? side discov]s a spaci\s & horrid m\?1 :i* is frightful to ! view4 ,?ree new ones h op5$ at a consid]able di/ance f ! pr9cipal crat]1 ?r\gh :i* also smoke & a%es are incessantly emitt$4 ,9 %ort1 ! mo/ beautiful villages ( ,cam>9es1 & ! pr9cipal "p ( t f9e prov9ce1 are deeply cov]$ ) b>r5 s&40 ,,isl&s ,,:i* ,,h ,,ris5 ,,f ,,! ,,sea4 ,besides ! convulsions ( nature display$ 9 volcanoes1 ! mo/ rem>kable p>ticul>s ( :i* we h giv5 9 our hi/ory ( m\nta9s1 o!r op]ations are c>ri$ on bel[ ! fa?omless dep?s ( ! sea1 ! nature ( :i* c only be conjectur$ by ! effects produc$4 ,nor is x m a/oni%+ t inflammable sub/ances %\ld be f\nd b5ea? ! bottom ( ! sea1 ?an at simil> dep?s on l&1 & t !re also ! impetu\s =ce ( fire %\ld cause ! imprison$ air & ela/ic gases to exp&1 &1 by its mighty =ce1 %\ld drive ! e>? at ! bottom ( ! sea above its surface4 ,^! m>9e volcanoes are p]haps m frequ5t1 ?\gh !y d n s (t5 come )9 ! rea* ( human obs]vation1 z ^? on l&2 & /up5d\s mu/ be ! op]ations c>ri$ on1 :5 matt] is ?r[n up to an ext5t :i* ! +5uity ( man does n enable him to rea* by fa?om+4 ,_m in/ances h occurr$1 z well 9 anci5t z 9 mod]n times1 ( isl&s hav+ be5 =m$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea2 & _! sudd5 appe>ance has con/antly be5 prec$$ by viol5t agitations ( ! surr\nd+ wat]s1 accompani$ by dreadful noises1 & 9 "s in/ances by fi]y eruptions f ! newly =m$ isles1 :i* are compos$ ( v>i\s sub/ances1 frequ5tly int]mix$ ) a consid]able quantity ( volcanic lava4 ,su* isl&s rema9 = ages b>r51 b 9 a long c\rse ( "t become abundantly fruitful4 ,x is a matt] ( curi\s inquiry1 :e!r spr+s are f\nd on su* newly creat$ spots1 :5 ! convulsions :i* gave !m bir? h subsid$2 b on ?is po9t x w\ld seem t we are n possess$ ( any c]ta9 in=mation1 z x does n appe> t !y h be5 visit$ by any naturali/ ) ! express view ( record+ _! prop]ties4 ,among ! writ]s ( antiquity :o h transmitt$ acc\nts ( isl&s :i* h ?us />t$ up to ! view ( ! a/oni%$ spectator1 ,s5eca ass]ts t1 9 8 "t1 ! isl& ( ,!rasea1 9 ! ,egean sea1 0 se5 to rise 9 ?is mann] by sev]al m>9]s1 :o 7 sail+ ne> ! po9t ( its asc5t4 ,pl9y's relation is /ill m extraord9>y2 = he says t 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 ?irte5 isl&s em]g$ at once f ! sea1 ! cause ( :i* he ascribes r to ! retir+ ( ! wat]s1 ?an to any subt]rane\s op]ation ( nature3 b he speaks at ! same "t ( ! isl& ( ,hi]a1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,!rasea1 z hav+ be5 =m$ by subt]rane\s explosions1 & enum]ates sev]al o!rs said to h be5 d]iv$ f a simil> orig91 9 "o ( :i* he says1 a great abundance ( fi%es 7 f\nd1 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 all :o ate1 p]i%$ soon aft]w>d4 ,x is to ! ,grecian ar*ipelago1 & ! ,azores1 or ,we/]n isles1 t we are to look = ! gr&e/ & mo/ surpris+ in/ances ( ?is ph5om5on4 ,we w select an example f ea* ( ^! gr\ps ( isl&s1 beg9n+ ) ! latt]4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #agbj1 a viol5t e>?quake 0 felt on ! isl& ( ,t]c]a1 "o ( ! ,azores4 ,& on ! foll[+ morn+1 a new isl&1 :i* _h sprung up 9 ! night1 made its appe>ance1 & a huge column ( smoke 0 se5 ris+ f x4 ,! pilot ( a %ip :i* attempt$ to approa* x1 s\nd$ on "o ( ^! newly =m$ isl&s1 ) a l9e ( sixty fa?oms1 b c\ld n f9d a bottom4 ,on ! opposite side1 ! sea 0 deeply t+$ ) v>i\s colors1 :ite1 blue & gre52 & 0 v %all[4 ,?is isl& 0 l>g] on its fir/ appe>ance ?an at "s di/ance ( "t aft]w>d2 x at l5g? sunk b5ea? ! level ( ! sea1 & is n[ no long] visible4 ,:at c be m surpris+ ?an to see fire1 n only =ce its way out ( ! b[els ( ! e>?1 b likewise make = itself a passage ?r\gh ! wat]s ( ! sea6 ,:at c be m extraord9>y1 or =eign to our common notions ( ?+s1 ?an to obs]ve ! bottom ( ! sea rise up 9 a m\nta9 above its surface1 & become s firm an isl& z to be able to resi/ ! viol5ce ( ! greate/ /orms6 ,we "k t subt]rane\s fires1 :5 p5t up 9 a n>r[ passage1 are able to elevate a mass ( e>? z l>ge z an isl&2 b t ?is %\ld be done 9 s regul> & precise a mann]1 t ! wat] ( ! sea %\ld n be able to p5etrate & ext+ui% ^? fires2 & t1 aft] !y %\ld h exhau/$ !mselves1 ! mass ( e>? %\ld n fall d[n1 or s9k aga9 ) its own weight1 b /ill rema9 9 a mann] susp5d$ ov] ! great ar* bel[2 ?is seems m surpris+ ?an any ( ! facts :i* h be5 relat$ ( ,m\nt ,etna1 ,vesuvius1 or any o!r volcano4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society = ! ye> #ahab1 ,capta9 ,till>d1 ( ! ,briti% navy1 has publi%$ a v int]e/+ n>rative ( a simil> ph5om5on1 :i* occurr$ 9 ! same sea ne> ! ,azores4 ,we give ?is n>rative 9 8 own words4 8,approa*+ ! isl& ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 on ,sunday1 ! twelf? ( ,june1 #ahaa1 9 8 maje/y's sloop ,sabr9a1 "u my comm&1 we occasionally obs]v$1 ris+ 9 ! horizon1 two or ?ree columns ( smoke1 su* z w\ld h be5 occasion$ by an action betwe5 two %ips1 to :i* cause we univ]sally attribut$ its orig94 ,?is op9ion 01 h[ev]1 9 a v %ort "t *ang$1 f ! smoke increas+ & asc5d+ 9 mu* l>g] bodies ?an c\ld possibly h be5 produc$ by su* an ev5t2 & hav+ he>d an acc\nt1 prior to our sail+ f ,lisbon1 t 9 ! prec$+ ,janu>y or ,febru>y1 a volcano _h bur/ out )9 ! sea ne> ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 we imm$iately conclud$ t ! smoke we saw proce$$ f t cause1 &1 on our an*or+ ! next morn+ 9 ! road ( ,ponta del ,gada1 we f\nd ?is conjecture correct z to ! cause1 b n z to ! "t2 ! eruption ( ,janu>y hav+ totally subsid$1 & ! pres5t "o hav+ only bur/ =? two days prior to our approa*1 & ab\t ?ree miles di/ant f ! "o be=e allud$ to4 8,desir\s ( exam9+ z m9utely z possible a cont5tion s extraord9>y betwe5 two su* p[]ful elem5ts1 ,i set (f f ! city ( ,ponta del ,gada on ! morn+ ( ! f\rte5?1 9 company ) ,mr4 ,read1 ! consul-g5]al ( ! ,azores1 & two o!r g5tlem54 ,aft] rid+ ab\t tw5ty miles across ! nor?-we/ end ( ! isl& ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 we came to ! edge ( ! cliff1 :5ce ! volcano bur/ sudd5ly ^u our view 9 ! mo/ t]rific & awful gr&eur4 ,see cut1 page #abb4 ,x 0 only a %ort mile f ! base ( ! cliff1 :i* 0 ne>ly p]p5dicul>1 & =m$ ! m>g9 ( ! sea2 ?is cliff be+1 z ne>ly z ,i c\ld judge1 f ?ree to f\r hundr$ feet high4 ,to give y an adequate idea ( ! sc5e by description1 is f> beyond my p[]s2 b = y\r satisfaction1 ,i %all attempt x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,mi*ael',s ,,volcano4 8,imag9e an imm5se body ( smoke ris+ f ! sea1 ! surface ( :i* 0 m>k$ by ! slipp]y rippl+ ( ! waves1 occasion$ by ! light & /eady breezes incid5tal to ^! climates 9 summ]4 ,9 a quiesc5t /ate1 x _h ! appe>ance ( a circul> cl\d revolv+ on ! wat] l a horizontal :eel1 9 v>i\s & irregul> involutions1 exp&+ itself gradually on ! lee side1 :5 sudd5ly a column ( ! blacke/ c9d]s1 a%es & /ones w\ld %oot up 9 ! =m ( a spire1 at an angle ( f t5 to tw5ty degrees f a p]p5dicul> l9e1 ! angle ( incl9ation be+ univ]sally to w9dw>d2 ?is 0 rapidly succe$$ by a second1 ?ird & f\r? %[]1 ea* acquir+ great] velocity1 & ov]topp+ ! o!r till !y _h atta9$ an altitude z mu* above ! level ( our eye1 z ! sea 0 bel[ x4 8,z ! impetus ) :i* ! columns 7 sev]ally propell$ dim9i%$1 & _! asc5d+ motion _h ne>ly ceas$1 !y broke into v>i\s bran*es resembl+ a gr\p ( p9es2 ^! aga9 =m+ !mselves into fe/oons ( :ite fea!ry smoke1 9 ! mo/ fanciful mann] imag9able1 int]mix$ ) ! f9e/ p>ticles ( fall+ a%es1 :i* at "o "t assum$ ! appe>ance ( innum]able plumes ( black & :ite o/ri* fea!rs1 surm\nt+ ea* o!r1 & ano!r1 t ( ! light wavy bran*es ( a weep+-will[4 8,dur+ ^! bur/s1 ! mo/ vivid fla%es ( lightn+ cont9ually issu$ f ! d5se/ "p ( ! volcano2 & ! cl\d ( smoke1 n[ asc5d+ to an altitude mu* above ! highe/ po9t to :i* ! a%es 7 project$1 roll$ (f 9 l>ge masses ( fleecy cl\ds1 gradually exp&+ !mselves be=e ! w9d 9 a direction ne>ly horizontal1 & draw+ up to !m a quantity ( wat]-sp\ts1 :i* =m$ a mo/ beautiful & /rik+ addition to ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! sc5e4 8,t "p ( ! sea :]e ! volcano 0 situat$1 0 upw>d ( ?irty fa?oms deep1 & at ! "t ( our view+ x ! volcano 0 only f\r days old4 ,soon aft] our arrival on ! cliff1 a peasant obs]v$ he c\ld disc]n a peak above ! wat]3 we look$ b c\ld n see x2 h[ev]1 9 less ?an half an h\r x 0 pla9ly visible1 & be=e we quitt$ ! place1 :i* 0 ab\t ?ree h\rs f ! "t ( our arrival1 a complete crat] 0 =m$ above ! wat]1 n less ?an tw5ty feet high on ! side :]e ! greate/ quantity ( a%es fell2 ! diamet] ( ! crat] be+ app>5tly ab\t f\r or five hundr$ feet4 8,! great eruptions 7 g5]ally att5d$ ) a noise l ! cont9u$ fir+ ( cannon & musketry int]mix$1 z also ) slight %ocks ( e>?quakes2 sev]al ( :i* hav+ be5 felt by my companions1 b none by myself1 ,i _h become half skeptical1 & ?\ght _! op9ion arose m]ely f ! =ce ( imag9ation2 b :ile we 7 sitt+ )9 five or six y>ds ( ! edge ( ! cliff1 p>tak+ ( a slight repa/ :i* _h be5 br\ght ) u1 & 7 all busily engag$1 "o ( ! mo/ magnific5t bur/s took place :i* we _h yet witness$1 accompani$ by a v sev]e %ock ( an e>?quake4 ,! in/antane\s & involunt>y movem5t ( ea* 0 to spr+ ^u 8 feet2 & ,i said1 #8,?is admits ( no d\bt4' ,! words _h sc>cely pass$ my lips1 be=e we obs]v$ a l>ge portion ( ! face ( ! cliff1 ab\t fifty y>ds on our left1 fall+1 :i* x did ) a viol5t cra%4 ,s soon z our fir/ con/]nation _h a little subsid$1 we remov$ ab\t t5 or a doz5 y>ds fur!r f ! edge ( ! cliff1 & f9i%$ our d9n]4 8,on ! succe$+ day1 ,june fifte5?1 hav+ ! consul & "s o!r fri5ds on bo>d1 ,i weigh$1 & proce$$ ) ! %ip t[>d ! volcano1 ) ! int5tion ( witness+ a night view2 b 9 ?is expectation we 7 greatly disappo9t$1 f ! w9d fre%5+1 & ! wea!r becom+ ?ick & hazy1 & also f ! volcano itself be+ m quiesc5t ?an x 0 ! prec$+ day4 ,x seldom emitt$ any lightn+1 b occasionally z mu* flame z may be se5 to issue f ! top ( a glass-h\se or f\ndry *imney4 ,on pass+ directly "u ! great cl\d ( smoke1 ab\t ?ree or f\r miles di/ant f ! volcano1 ! decks ( ! %ip 7 cov]$ ) f9e black a%es1 :i* fell int]mix$ ) small ra94 ,we return$ ! next morn+1 & late on ! ev5+ ( ! same day ,i took leave ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 to complete my cruise4 8,on ! op5+ ( ! volcano cle> ( ! nor?-we/ "p ( ! isl&1 aft] d>k on ! sixte5?1 we witness$ "o or two eruptions t1 _h ! %ip be5 ne> en\gh1 w\ld h be5 awfully gr&4 ,x appe>$ "o cont9u$ blaze ( lightn+2 b its di/ance f ! %ip1 upw>d ( tw5ty miles1 prev5t$ our see+ x ) effect4 ,return+ aga9 t[>d ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 on ! f\r? ( ,july1 ,i 0 oblig$1 by ! /ate ( ! w9d1 to pass ) ! %ip v close to ! isl&1 :i* 0 n[ completely =m$ by ! volcano1 be+ ne>ly ! hight ( ,matlock ,high ,tor1 ab\t eighty y>ds above ! sea4 ,at ?is "t x 0 p]fectly tranquil2 :i* circum/ance det]m9$ me to l&1 & explore x m n>r[ly4 ,i left ! %ip 9 "o ( ! boats1 accompani$ by "s ( ! (fic]s4 ,z we approa*$ we p]ceiv$ t x 0 /ill smok+ 9 _m p>ts1 &1 ^u our rea*+ ! isl&1 f\nd ! surf on ! bea* v high4 ,r[+ r\nd to ! lee-side1 ) "s little difficulty1 by ! aid ( an o> z a pole1 ,i jump$ on %ore1 & 0 foll[$ by ! o!r (fic]s4 ,we f\nd a n>r[ bea* ( black a%es1 f :i* ! side ( ! isl& rose 9 g5]al too /eep to admit ( our asc5d+2 & :]e we c\ld h clamb]$ up1 ! mass ( matt] 0 mu* too hot to all[ our proce$+ m ?an a few y>ds 9 ! asc5t4 8,! declivity bel[ ! surface ( ! sea 0 equally /eep1 hav+ sev5 fa?oms ( wat] at sc>cely ! boat's l5g? f ! %ore1 & at ! di/ance ( tw5ty or ?irty y>ds we s\nd$ tw5ty-five fa?oms4 ,f walk+ r\nd x 9 ab\t twelve m9utes1 ,i %\ld judge t x 0 some?+ less ?an a mile 9 circumf]5ce2 b ! mo/ extraord9>y "p 0 ! crat]1 ! m\? ( :i*1 on ! side fac+ ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 0 ne>ly level ) ! sea4 ,x 0 fill$ ) wat]1 at t "t boil+1 & 0 empty+ itself into ! sea by a small /ream ab\t six y>ds ov]1 & by :i* ,i %\ld suppose x 0 cont9ually fill$ aga9 at high wat]4 ,?is /ream1 close to ! edge ( ! sea1 0 s hot1 z only to admit ! f+] to be dipp$ sudd5ly 91 & tak5 out aga9 imm$iately4 8,x appe>$ evid5t1 by ! =mation ( ?is "p ( ! isl&1 t ! sea _h1 dur+ ! eruptions1 brok5 into ! crat] 9 two places1 z ! ea/ side ( ! small /ream 0 b\nd$ by a precipice2 a cliff betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty feet high1 =m+ a p59sula ( ab\t ! same dim5sion 9 wid?1 & f fifty to sixty feet long1 connect$ ) ! o!r "p ( ! isl& by a n>r[ ridge ( c9d]s & lava1 z an i/hmus1 ( f =ty to fifty feet 9 l5g?1 f :i* ! crat] rose 9 ! =m ( an amphi!at]4 8,?is cliff1 at two or ?ree miles' di/ance f ! isl&1 _h ! appe>ance ( a "w ( art1 resembl+ a small =t or block-h\se4 ,! top ( ?is we 7 det]m9$1 if possible1 to atta92 b ! difficulty we _h to enc\nt] 9 do+ s1 0 consid]able3 ! only way to attempt x 0 up ! side ( ! i/hmus1 :i* 0 s /eep t ! only mode by :i* we c\ld effect x1 0 by fix+ ! end ( an o> at ! base1 ) ! assi/ance ( :i* we =c$ ourselves up 9 ne>ly a backw>d direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sabr9a ,,isl&4 8,hav+ rea*$ ! summit ( ! i/hmus1 we f\nd ano!r difficulty3 = x 0 impossible to walk ^u x1 z ! desc5t on ! o!r side 0 imm$iate1 & z /eep z ! "o we _h asc5d$2 b by ?r[+ our legs across x1 z w\ld be done on ! ridge ( a h\se1 & mov+ ourselves =w>d by our h&s1 we at l5g? rea*$ t "p ( x :]e x gradually wid5$ itself1 & =m$ ! summit ( ! cliff1 :i* we f\nd to h a p]fectly flat surface1 ( ! dim5sions be=e /at$4 ,judg+ ?is to be ! mo/ conspicu\s situation1 we "h plant$ ! union1 & left a bottle seal$ up1 conta9+ a %ort acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! isl&1 & ( our hav+ l&$ ^u x1 & nam+ x ,sabr9a isl&4 8,)9 ! crat] ,i f\nd ! complete skeleton ( a gu>d-fi%1 ! bones ( :i*1 be+ p]fectly burnt1 fell to pieces ^u attempt+ to take !m up2 &1 by ! acc\nt ( ! inhabitants on ! coa/ ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 great numb]s ( fi% _h be5 de/roy$ dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! eruption1 z l>ge quantities1 probably suffocat$ or poison$1 7 occasionally f\nd drift$ into ! small inlets or bays4 ,! isl&1 l o!r volcanic productions1 is compos$ pr9cipally ( por\s sub/ances1 g5]ally burnt to complete c9d]s1 ) occasional masses ( a /one1 :i* ,i %\ld suppose to be a mixture ( iron & lime/one40 ,sabr9a isl& has gradually disappe>$1 s9ce ! mon? ( ,octob]1 #ahaa1 leav+ an ext5sive %oal4 ,smoke 0 discov]$ /ill issu+ out ( ! sea 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y1 #ahab1 ne> ! spot :]e ?is wond]ful ph5om5on appe>$4 ,hav+ ?us spok5 ( ! ,azores1 we n[ pass to "s simil> ph5om5a 9 ! ,grecian ar*ipelago4 ,be=e ent]+1 h[ev]1 on ! details :i* are "h furni%$ on ?is curi\s & mo/ int]e/+ subject1 x may n be improp] to obs]ve1 t ! isl& ( ,acrot]i1 ( great celebrity 9 anci5t hi/ory1 appe>s to h its surface compos$ ( pumice-/one1 incru/$ by a surface ( f]tile e>?2 & t x is repres5t$ by ! anci5ts z hav+ ris51 dur+ a viol5t e>?quake1 f ! sea4 ,f\r neighbor+ isl&s are describ$ z hav+ a simil> orig91 not)/&+ ! sea is 9 t "p ( ! ar*ipelago ( su* a dep? z to be unfa?omable by any s\nd+ l9e4 ,^! arose at diff]5t times3 ! fir/ long be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian era2 ! second 9 ! fir/ c5tury2 ! ?ird 9 ! eigh?2 & ! f\r? 9 #aegc4 ,we n[ proce$ to a ph5om5on ( a simil> nature1 belong+ to ! same clu/] ( isl&s1 :i* be+ ( a m rec5t date1 we are enabl$ to ent] into all its p>ticul>s4 ,!y are su* z c n fail to int]e/ & surprise4 ,on ! tw5ty-second ( ,may1 #agjg1 a sev]e e>?quake 0 felt at ,/an*io1 an isl& ( ! ar*ipelago2 & on ! ensu+ morn+ a p>ty ( seam51 discov]+ n f> (f :at !y believ$ to be a wreck1 rapidly r[$ t[>d x2 b f9d+ rocks & e>? in/ead ( ! rema9s ( a %ip1 ha/5$ back1 & spread ! news ( :at !y _h se51 9 ,santor9i1 ano!r ( ^! isl&s4 ,h[ev] great ! appreh5sions ( ! inhabitants 7 at ! fir/ sight1 _! surprise soon abat$1 & 9 a few days1 see+ no appe>ance ( fire or smoke1 "s ( !m v5tur$ to l& on ! new isl&4 ,_! curiosity l$ !m f rock to rock1 :]e !y f\nd a k9d ( :ite /one1 :i* yield$ to ! knife l bread1 & ne>ly resembl$ t sub/ance 9 color & consi/5ce4 ,!y also f\nd _m oy/]s /ick+ to ! rocks3 b :ile !y 7 employ$ 9 collect+ !m1 ! isl& mov$ & %ook "u _! feet1 on :i* !y ran ) precipitation to _! boats4 ,amid ^! motions & trembl+s ! isl& increas$1 n only 9 hight1 b 9 l5g? & bread?3 /ill occasionally1 :ile x 0 rais$ & ext5d$ on ! "o side1 x sunk & dim9i%$ on ! o!r4 ,"o p]son obs]v$ a rock to rise out ( ! sea1 =ty or fifty paces f ! isl&1 :i*1 hav+ be5 ?us visible = f\r days1 sunk1 & appe>$ no m3 sev]al o!rs appe>$ & disappe>$ alt]nately1 till at l5g? !y rema9$ fix$ & unmov$4 ,9 ! mean "t ! color ( ! surr\nd+ sea 0 *ang$3 at fir/ x 0 ( a light gre51 !n r$di%1 & aft]w>d ( a pale yell[1 accompani$ by a noisome /5*1 :i* spread itself ov] a "p ( ! isl& ( ,santor9i4 ,on ! sixte5? ( ,july1 smoke fir/ appe>$1 n inde$ on ! isl&1 b issu+ f a ridge ( black /ones :i* sudd5ly rose ab\t sixty paces f x1 :]e ! dep? ( ! sea 0 unfa?omable4 ,?us !re 7 two sep>ate isl&s1 "o call$ ! ,:ite1 & ! o!r ! ,black isl&1 f ! diff]5t appe>ances !y exhibit$4 ,?is ?ick smoke 0 ( a :iti% color1 l t ( a lime-kiln1 & 0 c>ri$ by ! w9d to ,santor9i1 :]e x p5etrat$ ! h\ses ( ! inhabitants4 ,9 ! night betwe5 ! n9ete5? & tw5tie? ( ,july1 flames began to issue ) ! smoke1 to ! great t]ror ( ! inhabitants ( ,santor9i1 especially ( ^? occupy+ ! ca/le ( ,sc>o1 :o 7 di/ant ab\t a mile & a half only f ! burn+ isl&1 :i* n[ increas$ v fa/1 l>ge rocks daily spr++ up1 :i* sometimes add$ to its l5g?1 & sometimes to its bread?4 ,! smoke1 also increas$1 & !re n be+ any w9d1 asc5d$ s high z to be se5 at ,c&ia1 & o!r di/ant isl&s4 ,dur+ ! night1 x resembl$ a column ( five1 fifte51 or tw5ty feet 9 hight2 & ! sea 0 !n cov]$ ) a scurf or fro?1 9 "s places r$di%1 & 9 o!rs yell[i%1 f :i* proce$$ su* a /5*1 t ! inhabitants ?r\gh\t ! :ole isl& ( ,santor9i burnt p]fumes 9 _! h\ses1 & made fires 9 ! /reets1 to prev5t infection4 ,?is1 inde$1 did n la/ above a day or two2 = a /rong gale ( w9d disp]s$ ! fro?1 b drove ! smoke on ! v9ey>ds ( ,santor9i1 by :i* ! grapes 71 9 "o night1 p>*$ up & de/roy$4 ,?is smoke also caus$ viol5t head-a*es1 att5d$ ) ret*+s4 ,on ! ?irty-fir/ ( ,july1 ! sea smok$ & bubbl$ 9 two diff]5t places ne> ! isl&1 :]e ! wat] =m$ a p]fect circle1 & look$ l oil :5 beg9n+ to simm]4 ,?is cont9u$ above a mon?1 dur+ :i* "t _m fi%es 7 f\nd dead on ! %ore ( ,santor9i4 ,on ! foll[+ night a dull holl[ noise 0 he>d1 l ! di/ant report ( sev]al cannon1 :i* 0 in/antly foll[$ by flames ( fire1 %oot+ up to a great hight 9 ! air1 :]e !y sudd5ly disappe>$4 ,! next day ! same holl[ s\nd 0 sev]al times he>d1 & succe$$ by a blacki% smoke1 :i*1 not)/&+ a fre% gale blew at ! "t1 rose up to a prodigi\s hight1 9 ! =m ( a column1 & w\ld probably 9 ! night h appe>$ z if on fire4 ,on ! sev5? ( ,augu/1 a diff]5t noise 0 he>d1 resembl+ t ( l>ge /ones ?r[n1 at v %ort int]vals1 into a deep well4 ,?is noise1 hav+ la/$ = "s days1 0 succe$$ by ano!r mu* l\d]1 s ne>ly resembl+ ?und]1 z sc>cely to be di/+ui%$ f ?ree or f\r real claps1 :i* 7 he>d at ! same "t4 ,on ! tw5ty-fir/1 ! fire & smoke 7 v consid]ably dim9i%$2 b ! next morn+ !y broke out ) /ill great] fury ?an be=e4 ,! smoke 0 r$1 & v ?ick1 ! heat at ! same "t be+ s int5se1 t all ar\nd ! isl& ! sea smok$ & bubbl$ surpris+ly4 ,at night1 by ! means ( a telescope1 sixty small op5+s or funnels1 all emitt+ a v bright flame1 7 discov]$ on ! highe/ "p ( ! isl&1 conjo9tly resembl+ a l>ge furnace2 & on ! o!r side ( ! great volcano !re appe>$ to be z _m4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! tw5ty-?ird1 ! isl& 0 mu* high] ?an on ! prec$+ day1 & its bread? increas$ by a *a9 ( rocks :i* _h sprung up 9 ! night ne>ly fifty feet above ! wat]4 ,! sea 0 also aga9 cov]$ ) r$di% fro?1 :i* always appe>$ :5 ! isl& seem$ to h receiv$ any consid]able additions1 & occasion$ an intol]able /5*1 until x 0 disp]s$ by ! w9d & ! motion ( ! waves4 ,on ! fif? ( ,septemb]1 ! fire op5$ ano!r v5t at ! extremity ( ! ,black isl&1 f :i* x issu$ = sev]al days4 ,dur+ t "t little 0 dis*>g$ f ! l>ge furnace2 b f ?is new passage ! a/oni%$ spectator beheld ! fire d>t up ?ree sev]al times to a va/ hight1 resembl+ s _m prodigi\s sky-rockets ( a gl[+1 lively r$4 ,! foll[+ night ! sub-aque\s fire made a t]rible noise1 & imm$iately1 aft] a ?\s& %eaves ( fire d>t$ into ! air1 :]e break+ & disp]s+1 !y fell l a %[] ( />s on ! isl&1 :i* appe>$ 9 a blaze1 pres5t+ to ! amaz$ spectator at once a mo/ dreadful & beautiful illum9ation4 ,to ^! natural fire-works1 succe$$ a k9d ( meteor1 :i* = "s "t hung ov] ! ca/le ( ,sc>o1 & :i*1 hav+ a resemblance to a flam+ sword1 s]v$ to increase ! con/]nation ( ! inhabitants ( ,santor9i4 ,on ! n9? ( ,septemb]1 ! ,:ite & ,black isl&s unit$2 aft] :i* ! we/]n end ( ! isl& grew daily 9 bulk4 ,!re 7 n[ f\r op5+s only :i* emitt$ flames2 ^! issu$ =? ) great impetuosity1 sometimes att5d$ ) a noise l t ( a l>ge organ-pipe1 & sometimes l ! h[l+ ( wild bea/s4 ,on ! twelf?1 ! subt]rane\s noise 0 mu* augm5t$1 hav+ nev] be5 s frequ5t or s dreadful z on t & ! foll[+ day4 ,! bur/s ( ?is subt]rane\s ?und]1 l a g5]al dis*>ge ( ! artill]y ( an army1 7 repeat$ t5 or twelve times )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 &1 imm$iately aft] ea* clap1 ! l>ge furnace ?rew up huge r$-hot /ones1 :i* fell into ! sea at a great di/ance4 ,^! claps 7 always foll[$ by a ?ick smoke1 :i* spread cl\ds ( a%es ov] ! sea & ! neighbor+ isl&s4 ,on ! eighte5? ( ,septemb]1 an e>?quake 0 felt at ,santor9i4 ,x did b little damage1 al?\gh x consid]ably enl>g$ ! burn+ isl&1 & 9 sev]al places gave v5t to ! fire & smoke4 ,! claps 7 also m t]rible ?an ev]2 &1 9 ! mid/ ( a ?ick smoke1 :i* appe>$ l a m\nta91 l>ge pieces ( rock1 :i* aft]w>d fell on ! isl&1 or into ! sea1 7 ?r[n up ) z mu* noise & =ce z balls f ! m\? ( a cannon4 ,"o ( ! small neighbor+ isl&s 0 cov]$ ) ^! fi]y /ones1 :i* be+ ?9ly cru/$ ov] ) sulphur1 gave a bright light1 & cont9u$ burn+ until t 0 consum$4 ,on ! tw5ty-fir/1 a dreadful clap ( subt]rane\s ?und] 0 foll[$ by v p[]ful lightn+s1 & at ! same in/ant ! new isl& 0 s viol5tly %ak51 t "p ( ! great furnace fell d[n1 & huge burn+ rocks 7 ?r[n to ! di/ance ( two miles & upw>d4 ,?is seem$ to be ! la/ ef=t ( ! volcano1 & appe>$ to h exhau/$ ! combu/ible matt]1 z all 0 quiet = sev]al days aft]3 b on ! tw5ty-fif?1 ! fire broke out aga9 ) /ill great] fury1 & among ! claps "o 0 s t]rible1 t ! *ur*es ( ,santor9i 7 soon fill$ ) cr[ds ( p1 expect+ e mom5t to be _! la/2 & ! ca/le & t[n ( ,sc>o suff]$ su* a %ock1 t ! doors & w9d[s ( ! h\ses flew op54 ,! volcano cont9u$ to rage dur+ ! rema9+ "p ( ! ye>2 & 9 ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 #agjh1 ! l>ge furnace1 )\t "o day's int]mission1 ?rew out /ones & flames1 at lea/ once or twice1 b g5]ally five or six times a day4 ,on ! t5? ( ,febru>y1 9 ! morn+1 a pretty /rong e>?quake 0 felt at ,santor9i1 :i* ! inhabitants consid]$ z a prelude to great] commotions 9 ! burn+ isl&2 nor 7 !y deceiv$1 = soon aft] ! fire & smoke issu$ 9 prodigi\s quantities4 ,! ?und]-l claps 7 r$\bl$1 & all 0 horror & confusion3 rocks ( an amaz+ size 7 rais$ up to a great hight above ! wat]2 & ! sea rag$ & boil$ to su* a degree z to occasion great con/]nation4 ,! subt]rane\s bell[+s 7 he>d )\t int]mission1 & sometimes 9 less ?an a qu>t] ( an h\r1 !re 7 six or sev5 eruptions f ! l>ge furnace4 ,! noise ( repeat$ claps1 ! quantity ( huge /ones :i* flew ab\t on e side1 ! h\ses at ,santor9i tott]+ to _! v f\ndations1 & ! fire1 :i* n[ appe>$ 9 op5 day1 surpass$ all t _h hi!rto happ5$1 & =m$ a sc5e t]rific & a/oni%+ beyond description4 ,! fifte5? ( ,april 0 r5d]$ memorable by ! numb] & viol5ce ( ! bell[+s & eruptions1 by "o ( :i* ne>ly a hundr$ /ones 7 ?r[n at ! same in/ant into ! air1 & fell aga9 into ! sea at ab\t two miles di/ant4 ,f t day until ! tw5ty-second ( ,may1 :i* may be consid]$ z ! anniv]s>y ( ! bir? ( ! new isl&1 ?+s cont9u$ mu* 9 ! same /ate1 b aft]w>d ! fire & smoke subsid$ by degrees1 & ! subt]rane\s ?und]s became less t]rible4 ,on ! fifte5? ( ,july1 #agji1 ! ,bi%op ( ,santor9i1 accompani$ by sev]al fri>s1 hir$ a boat to take a ne> view ( ! isl&4 ,!y made directly t[>d x on t side :]e ! sea did n bubble1 b :]e x smok$ v mu*4 ,be+ )9 ! range ( ?is vapor1 !y felt a close1 suffocat+ heat1 & f\nd ! wat] v hot2 on :i* !y direct$ _! c\rse t[>d a "p ( ! isl& at ! fur!/ di/ance f ! l>ge furnace4 ,! fires1 :i* /ill cont9u$ to burn1 & ! boil+ ( ! sea1 oblig$ !m to make a great circuit1 not)/&+ :i* !y felt ! air ab\t !m to be v hot & sultry4 ,hav+ encompass$ ! isl&1 & survey$ x c>efully f an adjac5t "o1 !y judg$ x to be two hundr$ feet above ! sea1 ab\t a mile broad1 & five miles 9 circumf]5ce2 b1 n be+ ?or\ghly satisfi$1 !y resolv$ to make an attempt at l&+1 & accord+ly r[$ t[>d t "p ( ! isl& :]e !y p]ceiv$ nei!r fire nor smoke4 ,:51 h[ev]1 !y _h proce$$ to )9 ! di/ance ( a hundr$ y>ds1 ! great furnace dis*>g$ itself ) its usual fury1 & ! w9d blew ^u !m s d5se a smoke1 & s heavy a %[] ( a%es1 t !y 7 oblig$ to ab&on _! design4 ,hav+ retir$ some:at fur!r1 !y let d[n _! s\nd+ lead1 ) a l9e n9ety-five fa?oms 9 l5g?1 b x 0 too %ort to rea* ! bottom4 ,on _! return to ,santor9i1 !y obs]v$ t ! heat ( ! wat] _h melt$ ! great] "p ( ! pit* employ$ 9 calk+ _! boat1 :i* _h n[ become v leaky4 ,f t "t until ! fifte5? ( ,augu/1 ! fire1 smoke & noises cont9u$1 b n 9 s great a degree2 & x appe>s t = sev]al ye>s aft]1 ! isl& /ill increas$1 b t ! fire & subt]rane\s noises 7 mu* abat$4 ,! mo/ rec5t acc\nt we h be5 enabl$ to collect1 is t ( a travel]1 :o1 9 #ahaa1 pass$ ?is isl& at "s di/ance4 ,x appe>$ to him l a /up5d\s mass ( rock1 b 0 n inhabit$ or cultivat$4 ,x _h !n long ceas$ to burn4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,subt]ranean ,,wond]s4 ------------------------------------ ,,! ,,grotta ,,del ,,cane4 8,give me1 ye p[]s1 ! wondr\s sc5es to %[1 ,conceal$ 9 d>kness 9 ! caves bel[40 ,among ! v>i\s subt]ranean wond]s ( ! _w1 :i* are wor?y ( special notice1 we w\ld fir/ m5tion ! 8,grotta del ,cane40 ,?is "n has be5 giv5 to a small cav]n betwe5 ,naples & ,pozzuoli1 on ?is acc\nt1 t if a dog be br\ght into x1 & 8 nose held to ! gr\nd1 a difficulty ( respiration in/antly ensues1 & he loses all s5sation & ev5 life1 if he be n spe$ily remov$ into pur] air4 ,!re are o!r grottos end[$ ) ! same delet]i\s quality1 especially 9 volcanic c\ntries2 & ! pe/if]\s vapors !y exhale1 are quickly fatal bo? to animals & man1 ?\gh !y d n (f] to ! eye ! slighte/ indication ( _! pres5ce4 ,^! vapors are1 h[ev]1 = ! great] "p tempor>y2 :ile t ( ! ,grotta del ,cane is p]petual1 & seems to h produc$ its deadly effects ev5 9 ! "t ( ,pl9y4 ,a man /&+ erect )91 does n suff] f x1 ! mephitic vapor ris+ to a small hight only f ! gr\nd4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be ent]$ )\t dang]4 ,! smoke ( a tor* ext+ui%$ 9 ?is vapor1 or gas1 s9ks d[nw>d1 assumes a :iti% color1 & passes out at ! bottom ( ! door4 ,! reason ( ?is is1 t ! fumes :i* proce$ f ! tor* mix m readily ) ! gas ?an ) ! atmosph]ical air4 ,x has be5 suppos$1 t ! mis*iev\s effects ( ! vapor 7 ! result ( ! air be+ depriv$ ( its ela/icity2 b x has be5 cle>ly demon/rat$ by ,m4 ,adolphus ,murray1 t !y are solely to be attribut$ to ! exi/5ce ( c>bonic acid gas4 ,! p]son :o is ! keep]1 or guide1 at ! grotto1 & :o %[s to /rang]s ! exp]im5t ( ! dog = a gratuity1 takes ! animal1 :5 he is half dead & pant+1 into ! op5 air1 & !n proce$s to ?r[ him into ! neighbor+ lake ( ,agnano1 ?us ins9uat+ t ?is %ort imm]sion 9 ! wat] is necess>y to 8 complete re/oration4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a m]e trick1 to r5d] ! exp]im5t m speci\s1 & to obta9 a h&some pres5t f ! cr$ul\s1 ! atmosph]ical air alone suffic+ = t purpose4 ,! celebrat$ naturali/1 ! ,abbe ,spallanzani1 project$ a regul> s]ies ( exp]im5ts on ! mephitic vapor ( ?is grotto1 f a p]suasion t !y w\ld t5d to ?r[ a new light on physiology & natural philosophy4 ,be+1 h[ev]1 prev5t$ f und]tak+ ?is1 by 8 duties z a pr(essor1 8 fri5d1 ! ,abbe ,breislak1 :o resid$ ne> ! spot1 engag$ 9 ! task2 & ! foll[+ is an ab/ract ( 8 le>n$ memoir on ?is subject4 ,x is well kn[n1 ! abbe obs]ves1 t ! mephitic vapor occupies ! floor ( a small grotto ne> ! lake ,agnano1 a place highly int]e/+ to naturali/s f ! ph5om5a its environs pres5t1 & ! hills )9 :i* x is includ$4 ,?is grotto is situat$ on ! s\?-ea/ side ( ! lake1 at a little di/ance f x4 ,its l5g? is ab\t twelve feet1 & its bread? f f\r to five4 ,x appe>s to h be5 orig9ally a small excavation1 made = ! purpose ( obta9+ pozzuolana1 an e>? :i*1 be+ appli$ z mort>1 becomes a p[]ful cem5t4 ,9 ! sides ( ! grotto1 among ! e>?y volcanic matt]s1 are f\nd pieces ( lava1 ( ! same k9d ) ^? :i* are met ) scatt]$ ne> ! lake4 ,! abbe is p]suad$ t1 if new excavations 7 to be made 9 ! vic9ity ( ! grotto1 at a level ) its floor1 or a little l[]1 ! same mephitic vapor w\ld be f\nd2 & ?9ks x w\ld be curi\s to asc]ta9 ! limits ( its ext5t4 ,x w\ld also be advantage\s to physical obs]vations1 if ! grotto 7 to be some:at enl>g$1 & its floor r$uc$ to a level horizontal plane1 by s9k+ x two or ?ree feet1 & surr\nd+ x by a l[ wall1 ) /eps at ! entrance4 ,9 its pres5t /ate x is extremely inconv5i5t = exp]im5ts1 & ! incl9ation ( ! gr\nd t[>d ! door causes a great "p ( ! vapor1 f ! effect ( its specific gravity1 to make its way out close to ! gr\nd4 ,:5 ! n>r[ limits ( ?is place are consid]$1 & ! small quantity ( ! vapor :i* has r5d]$ x s celebrat$1 !re c n be any d\bt b t x has und]gone consid]able *anges2 s9ce x does n appe> probable t ,pl9y ref]s to ! pres5t conf9$ vapor only1 :51 9 enum]at+ _m places f :i* a deadly air exhal$1 he m5tions ! t]ritory ( ,pozzuoli4 ,! int]nal f]m5tations by :i* x is caus$1 are c]ta9ly mu* dim9i%$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! lake ,agnano4 ,! wat] ne> its banks is no long] se5 to bubble up1 f ! dis5gagem5t ( a gas1 z x appe>s f acc\nts1 n ( v remote antiquity1 to h done4 ,! bord]s ( ! lake 7 att5tively exam9$ by ! abbe1 :5 its wat]s 7 at ! highe/1 & aft] heavy ra9s2 b he c\ld nev] discov] a s+le bubble ( air4 ,a numb] ( aquatic insects :i* sport on ! surface1 may at fir/ sight occasion "s deception2 b a slight obs]vation soon detects ! error4 ,if1 !re=e1 we d n suppose ^? au?ors :o h describ$ ! ebullition ( ! wat] ne> ! banks ( ! lake ,agnano to h be5 deceiv$1 x mu/ at lea/ be confess$1 t ?is ph5om5on has n[ ceas$4 ,! quantity ( ! sulphure\s vapors :i* rise 9 ! contigu\s /oves1 call$ ! /oves ( ,/4 ,g]mano1 mu/ likewise be greatly dim9i%$ f :at x anci5tly 03 =1 adjo9+ to ! pres5t /oves1 we /ill f9d ! rema9s ( a spaci\s anci5t fabric1 ) tubes ( t]ra cotta ins]t$ 9 ! walls1 :i*1 by _! direction1 %[ = :at purpose !y 7 int5d$4 ,x appe>s c]ta91 t ?is 0 a build+ 9 :i*1 by ! means ( pipes prop]ly dispos$1 ! vapors ( ! place 7 introduc$ into diff]5t rooms = ! use ( pati5ts4 ,to ^! ru9s1 h[ev]1 ! vapors no long] ext5d2 s t1 if ?is edifice _h rema9$ entire1 x c\ld n h be5 employ$ = ! purpose = :i* x 0 int5d$4 ,! ve9s ( pyrites :i* produc$ ! m anci5t conflagrations ( ! ,phlegrean fields1 betwe5 ,naples & ,cuma1 & :i*1 9 "s places1 are entirely consum$1 approa* _! total ext9ction4 ,we w n[ proce$ to ! exp]im5ts )9 ! grotto4 ,! object ( ! fir/ 0 to det]m9e ! hight ( ! mephitic vapor at ! c5t] ( ! grotto1 t is1 at ! int]section ( ! l9e ( its greate/ l5g? ) t ( its greate/ bread?4 ,! hight v>ies accord+ to ! diff]5t dispositions & temp]atures ( ! atmosph]e1 ! div]sity ( w9ds1 & ! accid5tal v>iations :i* take place 9 ! int]nal f]m5tations by :i* ! vapor is produc$4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be e/imat$ at a mean1 at ne>ly n9e ,engli% in*es4 ,! second set ( exp]im5ts reg>d$ ! degree ( heat on ent]+ into ! mephitis3 x 0 slightly s5sible 9 ! feet & l[] "p ( ! legs2 not)/&+ :i*1 on tak+ out ( ! vapor sev]al sub/ances :i* _h rema9$ 9 x = a long "t1 su* z /ones1 leaves1 ! c>casses ( animals1 c41 ! abbe f\nd t ^! 7 ( ! same temp]ature ) ! atmosph]ic air4 ,feel+ 9 8 body a slight degree ( heat1 :i* he c\ld n p]ceive 9 ! sub/ances remov$ f ! mephitic vapor1 he 0 l$ by comp>ison to conclude1 t ! temp]ature ( ! latt] 0 ! same ) ! atmosph]ical air1 agreeably to ! pr9ciples ( ,dr4 ,crau=d4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 mi/ak52 = 9 subsequ5t exp]im5ts1 he f\nd a v di/9ct degree ( heat4 ,he 0 n[ provid$ ) a !rmomet]1 8 =m] "o hav+ be5 brok51 &1 hav+ susp5d$ x at ! ap]ture ( ! grotto1 ?ree feet above ! surface ( ! vapor1 f\nd ! m]cury to /& at f sixty-two to sixty-f\r degrees ( ,fahr5heit2 b1 on plac+ ! ball on ! gr\nd s z to imm]se x 9 ! vapor1 ! m]cury rose to eighty1 & ev5 eighty-two degrees4 ,t ! sub/ances tak5 out ( ! mephitis did n exhibit ?is div]sity ( temp]ature1 01 he ?9ks1 ow+ to ! quantity ( humidity ) :i* !y are always load$1 & :i* produces on _! surface a con/ant evaporation4 ,he 0 ! m p>ticul> 9 repeat+ ^! exp]im5ts1 because ! naturali/s :o _h1 be=e him1 made simil> ones 9 ! ,grotta del ,cane1 _h n obs]v$ ! vapor to produce any effect on ! m]cury 9 ! !rmomet]4 ,?irdly4 ,he repeat$ = 8 own satisfaction1 ! usual exp]im5ts made by naturali/s1 ) ! t9cture ( turnsole1 lime-wat]1 ! cry/allizations ( alkalies1 ! absorption ( wat]1 & ! acidul\s ta/e communicat$ to x2 :i* prove1 beyond all d\bt1 ! exi/5ce ( fix$ air1 or c>bonic acid gas1 9 ! vapor ( ! grotto4 ,he asc]ta9$ t x 0 n =m$ ( fix$ air alone1 z might h be5 conjectur$2 b t ! relative quantities ( ! diff]5t gases :i* compose its mephitic air1 are z foll[s3 9 "o hundr$ p>ts !re are t5 ( vital air1 or oxyg5 gas2 =ty ( fix$ air1 or c>bonic acid gas2 & fifty ( phlogi/icat$ air1 or azotic gas4 ,f\r?ly4 ,! ph5om5a ( magnetism & electricity 7 inve/igat$ by ! abbe 9 ?is grotto4 ,) respect to ! =m]1 !re 0 n any new appe>ance3 ! magnetic ne$le1 be+ plac$ on ! gr\nd1 & consequ5tly imm]s$ 9 ! mephitis1 re/$ 9 ! direction ( its m]idian1 &1 at ! approa* ( a magnetiz$ b>1 exhibit$ ! usual effects ( attraction & repulsion1 9 proportion z ei!r pole 0 pres5t$4 ,z to ! latt]1 electricity1 x 0 impossible to make ! exp]im5ts )9 ! mephitis1 n because ?is k9d ( air is a conductor ( ! electric fluid1 z has be5 imag9$1 b because ! humidity by :i* x is con/antly accompani$1 disp]ses ! electric matt]2 & ?is1 n be+ collect$ 9 a conductor1 c n be r5d]$ s5sible4 ,he attempt$ sev]al times to fire inflammable gas1 ) electric sp>ks1 9 ! mephitic vapor1 by means ( ! conductor ( ! electrophus2 b1 not)/&+ 8 utmo/ endeavors to animate ! electricity1 he c\ld nev] obta9 a s+le sp>k1 ! non-conductor becom+ a conductor ! mom5t x ent]$ into ! mephitis1 on acc\nt ( ! humidity :i* adh]$ to its surface4 ,fif?ly4 ,8 late/ exp]im5ts 7 direct$ to ! !ory ( ! combu/ion ( bodies4 ,he fir/ endeavor$ to asc]ta9 :e!r ^? spontane\s inflammations t result f ! mixture ( conc5trat$ acids ) ess5tial oils1 c\ld be obta9$ )9 ! grotto4 ,he plac$ on ! gr\nd a small vessel1 9 su* a situation t ! mephitis rose six in*es above its edges1 employ+ oil ( turp5t9e1 & ! vitriolic & nitr\s acids3 ! same inflammation1 accompani$ by a lively flame1 foll[$1 z w\ld h tak5 place 9 ! op5 atmosph]ic air4 ,! d5se smoke :i* always accompanies ^! inflammations1 be+ attract$ by ! humidity ( ! mephitis1 pres5t$ its undulations to ! eye1 & =m$ a v pleas+ object4 ,z he _h put a consid]able quantity ( acid 9 ! vessel1 he repeat$ly p\r$ 9 a little ( ! oil1 & ! flame appe>$ 9 ! m\? ( ! vessel fifte5 times successively4 ,! oxyg5\s pr9ciple conta9$ 9 ! acids1 & ) :i* ! nitr\s acid pr9cipally ab\nds1 und\bt$ly contribut$ to ! production & duration ( ?is flame1 ?\gh envelop$ 9 an atmosph]e inimical to inflammation4 ,! abbe _h1 9 ! di/rict ( ,lat]a1 obs]v$ t 9 a mephitis ( hydrog5\s sulphurat$ or hepatic gas a sl[ combu/ion ( phosphorus took place1 ) ! same respl5d5ce z 9 ! atmosph]ic air4 ,on ! pres5t occasion1 8 fir/ exp]im5t1 9 ! mephitis ( ,agnano1 0 made ) common phosphoric mat*es1 five ( :i* he broke1 hold+ !m to ! gr\nd1 & consequ5tly imm]s$ 9 ! mephitis4 ,!y produc$ a %ort & transi5t flame1 :i* became ext+ui%$ ! mom5t x 0 communicat$ to ! wick ( a c&le4 ,8 second exp]im5t 0 z foll[s3 he plac$ on ! gr\nd1 )9 ! grotto1 a long table1 9 su* a mann] t "o extremity 0 )\t ! mephitis1 :ile ! o!r1 & f\r-fif?s ( its l5g?1 7 imm]s$ 9 x4 ,along ?is table he laid a tra9 ( gunp[d]1 beg9n+ f ! end )\t ! mephitis2 &1 at ! o!r end1 :i* 0 imm]s$ 9 x to ! dep? ( sev5 in*es1 he plac$1 adjo9+ to ! gunp[d]1 a cyl9d] ( phosphorus1 eight l9es 9 l5g?4 ,! gunp[d]1 )\t ! mephitis1 be+ fir$1 ! combu/ion 0 soon communicat$ to ! o!r extremity ( ! tra91 & to ! phosphorus1 :i* took fire ) decrepitation1 burn$ rapidly ) a bright flame1 slightly color$ ) yell[ & gre51 & left on ! wood a black m>k1 z ( *>coal4 ,! combu/ion la/$ ne>ly two m9utes1 :5 ! :ole phosphoric matt] 0 consum$4 ,9 succe$+ exp]im5ts n any alt]ation 0 p]ceptible 9 ! flame1 or mann] ( burn+1 ( ! light$ phosphorus1 ei!r at ! mom5t ( its entrance into ! mephitis1 or dur+ its cont9uance 9 x4 ,:5 sudd5ly )drawn1 x ignit$ gunp[d] equally well4 ,h5ce ! abbe d$uces1 t ! mephitic gas ( ,grotta del ,cane1 h[ev] x may be utt]ly unfit = ! respiration ( animals1 & = ! inflammation ( common combu/ible sub/ances1 readily all[s t ( phosphorus1 :i* n only burns 9 x1 b emits1 z usual1 lum9\s sp>ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grotto ,,( ,,antip>os4 ,,grotto ,,( ,,antip>os4 ,antip>os1 "o ( ! ,cyclades1 is situat$ 9 ! ,egean sea1 or ,grecian ar*ipelago4 ,x is a small isl&1 ab\t sixte5 miles 9 circumf]5ce1 & lies two miles to ! we/ ( ! celebrat$ ,p>os1 f :i* circum/ance x d]ives its "n1 anti 9 ! ,greek language signify+ opposite to4 ,its s+ul> & mo/ int]e/+ grotto1 ?\gh s inf]ior 9 size to ! cav]n 9 ,k5tucky ( :i* we %all soon speak1 has attract$ ! att5tion ( an inf9ite numb] ( travel]s4 ,! entrance to ?is sup]b grotto is on ! side ( a rock1 & is a l>ge ar*1 =m$ ( craggy /ones1 ov]hung ) brambles & creep+ plants1 :i* be/[ on x a gloom9ess at once awful & agreeable4 ,hav+ proce$$ ab\t ?irty paces )9 x1 ! travel] ent]s a l[1 n>r[ alley1 surr\nd$ on e side by /ones1 :i*1 by ! light ( tor*es1 glitt] l diamonds2 ! :ole be+ cov]$ & l9$ ?r\gh\t ) small cry/als1 :i* give by _! diff]5t reflections1 a v>iety ( colors4 ,at ! end ( ?is alley or passage1 hav+ a rope ti$ r\nd 8 wai/1 he is l$ to ! br9k ( an awful precipice1 & is !nce l[]$ into a deep abyss1 ! gloom p]vad+ :i* makes him regret ! 8alley ( diamonds0 he has j quitt$4 ,he has n yet1 h[ev]1 rea*$ ! grotto1 b is l$ =w>d ab\t =ty paces1 b5ea? a ro( ( rugg$ rocks1 amid a sc5e ( t]rible d>kness1 & at a va/ dep? f ! surface ( ! e>?1 to ! br9k ( ano!r precipice1 mu* deep] & m awful ?an ! =m]4 ,hav+ desc5d$ ?is precipice1 :i* is n accompli%$ )\t consid]able difficulty1 ! travel] ent]s a passage1 ! gr&eur & beauty ( :i* c be b imp]fectly describ$4 ,x is "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet 9 l5g?1 ab\t n9e feet high1 & 9 wid? sev51 ) a bottom ( a f9e gre5 glossy m>ble4 ,! walls & ar*$ ro( are z smoo? & poli%$ z if !y _h be5 wr\ght by art1 & are compos$ ( a f9e glitt]+ r$ & :ite granite1 support$ at int]vals by columns ( a deep blood-r$ %9+ porphyry1 :i*1 by ! reflection ( ! lights1 pres5ts an appe>ance inconceivably gr&4 ,at ! extremity ( ?is passage is a slop+ wall1 =m$ ( a s+le mass ( purple m>ble1 /udd$ ) sprigs ( rock cry/al1 :i*1 f ! gl[ ( ! purple beh9d1 appe> l a cont9u$ range ( ame?y/s4 ,ano!r slant+ passage1 fill$ ) petrifactions1 repres5t+ ! figures ( snakes & o!r animals1 & hav+ t[>d its extremity two pill>s ( beautiful yell[ m>ble1 :i* seem to support ! ro(1 leads to ! la/ precipice1 :i* is desc5d$ by means ( a ladd]4 ,! travel]1 :o has desc5d$ to ! dep? ( ne>ly fifte5 hundr$ feet b5ea? ! surface1 n[ ent]s ! magnific5t grotto1 to procure a sight ( :i* he has endur$ s mu* fatigue4 ,x is 9 wid? ?ree hundr$ & sixty feet2 9 l5g? ?ree hundr$ & =ty2 & 9 mo/ places "o hundr$ & eighty 9 hight4 ,by ! aid ( tor*-light1 he f9ds himself b5ea? an imm5se & f9ely vault$ ar*1 ov]spread ) icicles ( :ite %9+ m>ble1 _m ( !m t5 feet 9 l5g?1 & ( a proportionate ?ickness4 ,among ^! are susp5d$ a ?\s& fe/oons ( leaves & fl[]s1 ( ! same sub/ance1 b s glitt]+ z to dazzle ! sight4 ,! sides are plant$ ) petrifactions1 also ( :ite m>ble1 repres5t+ trees2 ^! rise 9 r[s "o above ! o!r1 & (t5 inclose ! po9ts ( ! icicles4 ,f !m also hang fe/oons1 ti$ z x 7 "o to ano!r1 9 great abundance2 & 9 "s places riv]s ( m>ble seem to w9d ?r\gh !m4 ,9 %ort1 ^! petrifactions1 ! result ( ! dripp+ ( wat] = a long s]ies ( ages1 nicely resemble trees & brooks turn$ to m>ble4 ,! floor is pav$ ) cry/als ( diff]5t colors1 su* z r$1 blue1 gre5 & yell[1 project+ f x1 & r5d]+ x rugg$ & unev54 ,^! are aga9 int]sp]s$ ) icicles ( :ite m>ble1 :i* h app>5tly fall5 f ! ro(1 & are !re fix$4 ,to ^! ! guides fa/5 _! tor*es2 & ! gl>e ( spl5dor & beauty :i* results f su* an illum9ation1 may be bett] conceiv$ ?an describ$4 ,to ! above description we subjo9 an extract f ! "o giv5 by ,dr4 ,cl>ke1 a le>n$ travel]1 :o visit$ ?is celebrat$ grotto4 8,! mode ( desc5t is by ropes1 :i*1 on ! diff]5t declivities1 are ei!r held by ! guides1 or are jo9$ to a cable :i* is fa/5$ at ! entrance ar\nd a /alactite pill>4 ,9 ?is mann]1 we 7 conduct$1 fir/ d[n "o declivity1 & !n d[n ano!r1 until we ent]$ ! spaci\s *amb]s ( ?is truly en*ant$ grotto4 ,! ro(1 ! floor1 ! sides1 ( a :ole s]ies ( magnific5t cav]ns1 7 entirely inve/$ ) a dazzl+ incru/ation z :ite z sn[4 ,columns1 "s ( :i* 7 five & tw5ty feet 9 l5g?1 p5d$ 9 f9e icicle =ms above our heads3 =tunately "s ( !m are s f> above ! rea* ( ! num]\s travel]s1 :o dur+ _m ages1 h visit$ ?is place1 t no "o has be5 able to injure or remove !m4 ,o!rs ext5d$ f ! ro( to ! floor1 ) diamet]s equal to t ( ! ma/ ( a fir/-rate %ip ( ! l9e4 ,! incru/ations ( ! floor1 caus$ by fall+ drops f ! /alactites above1 _h gr[n up into d5dritic & vegetable =ms1 :i* fir/ sugge/$ to ,t\rne=t ! /range notion ( 8 hav+ "h discov]$ ! vegetation ( /ones4 ,vegetation itself has be5 consid]$ z a species ( cry/allization2 & z ! process ( cry/allization is s surpris+ly manife/$ by sev]al ph5om5a 9 ?is grotto1 "s analogy may p]haps be all[$ to exi/ betwe5 ! plant & ! /one2 b x c n be said1 t a pr9ciple ( life exi/+ 9 ! =m] has be5 imp>t$ to ! latt]4 ,! la/ *amb] into :i* we desc5d$ surpris$ u m by ! gr&eur ( its exhibition ?an any o!r4 ,probably !re are _m o!r *amb]s bel[ ?is1 yet unexplor$1 = no attempt has be5 made to p5etrate fur!r3 &1 if ?is be true1 ! new cav]ns1 :5 op5$1 w\ld appe> 9 p]fect spl5dor1 unsulli$1 9 any "p ( !m1 by ! smoke ( tor*es1 or by ! h&s ( intrud]s40 ,,cav]ns ,,9 ,,g]many ,,& ,,hung>y1 ,,conta9+ ,,fossil ,,bones4 ,among ! mo/ rem>kable ( ^! cav]ns are ^? ( ,gayl5reu?1 on ! conf9es ( ,bayreu?4 ,! op5+ to ^!1 :i* is ab\t sev5 feet & a half high1 is at ! foot ( a rock ( lime/one ( consid]able magnitude1 & 9 its ea/]n side4 ,imm$iately beyond ! op5+ is a magnific5t grotto1 ( ab\t ?ree hundr$ feet 9 circumf]5ce1 :i* has be5 naturally divid$ by ! =m ( ! ro( into f\r caves4 ,! fir/ is ab\t tw5ty-five feet long & wide1 & v>ies 9 hight f n9e to eighte5 feet1 ! ro( be+ =m$ into irregul> ar*es4 ,beyond ?is is ! second cave1 ab\t tw5ty-eight feet long1 & ( ne>ly ! same wid? & hight ) ! =m]4 ,a l[ & v rugg$ passage1 ! ro( ( :i* is =m$ ( project+ pieces ( rocks1 leads to ! ?ird grotto1 ! op5+ into :i* is a hole ?ree feet high1 & f\r feet wide4 ,?is grotto is m regul> 9 its =m1 & is ab\t ?irty feet 9 diamet]1 & ne>ly r\nd2 its hight is f five to six feet4 ,x is v ri*ly & fanta/ically adorn$ by ! v>y+ =ms ( its /alactitic hang+s4 ,! floor is also cov]$ ) a wet & slipp]y glaz+1 9 :i* sev]al tee? & jaws appe> to h be5 fix$4 ,f ?is grotto comm5ces ! desc5t to ! inf]ior cav]ns4 ,)9 only ab\t five or six feet an op5+ 9 ! floor is se51 :i* is p>tly vault$ ov] by a project+ piece ( rock4 ,! desc5t is ab\t tw5ty feet4 ,?is cav]n is ab\t ?irty feet 9 hight1 ab\t fifte5 feet 9 wid?1 & ne>ly circul>2 ! sides1 ro( & floor1 display+ ! rema9s ( animals4 ,! rock itself is ?ickly beset ) tee? & bones1 & ! floor is cov]$ ) a loose e>?1 ! evid5t result ( animal decomposition1 & 9 :i* num]\s bones are imb$d$4 ,a gradual desc5t leads to ano!r grotto1 :i*1 ) its passage1 is =ty feet 9 l5g?1 & tw5ty feet 9 hight4 ,its sides & top are beautifully adorn$ ) /alactites4 ,ne>ly tw5ty feet fur!r is a frightful gulf1 ! op5+ ( :i* is ab\t fifte5 feet 9 diamet]2 &1 ^u desc5d+ ab\t tw5ty feet1 ano!r grotto1 ab\t ! same diamet] ) ! =m]1 b =ty feet 9 hight1 is se54 ,"h ! bones are disp]s$ ab\t2 & ! floor1 :i* is =m$ ( animal e>?1 has great numb]s ( !m imb$d$ 9 x4 ,! bones :i* are "h f\nd1 seem to be ( diff]5t animals2 b 9 ?is1 z well z 9 ! =m] cav]ns1 p]fect & unbrok5 bones are v seldom f\nd4 ,sometimes a too? is se5 project+ f ! solid rock1 ?r\gh ! /alactitic cov]+1 %[+ t _m ( ^! wond]ful rema9s may "h be conceal$4 ,a specim5 ( ?is k9d has be5 pres]v$1 & is r5d]$ p>ticul>ly int]e/+1 by ! fir/ mol> too? ( ! l[] jaw1 ) its enamel q p]fect1 ris+ ?r\gh ! /alactitic mass :i* inve/s ! bone4 ,9 ?is cav]n ! /alactites beg9 to be ( a l>g] size1 & ( a m column> =m4 ,pass+ on ?r\gh a n>r[ op5+ 9 ! rock1 a small cave1 sev5 feet long1 & five feet high1 is discov]$2 ano!r n>r[ op5+ leads to ano!r small cave2 f :i* a slop+ desc5t leads to a cave tw5ty-five feet 9 hight1 & ab\t half z mu* 9 its diamet]1 9 :i* is a truncat$ column> /alactite1 eight feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,a n>r[ & mo/ difficult passage1 tw5ty feet 9 l5g?1 leads f ?is cav]n to ano!r1 tw5ty-five feet 9 hight1 :i* is ev]y:]e beset ) tee?1 bones & /alactitic projections4 ,?is cav]n is sudd5ly contract$1 s z to =m a ve/ibule ( six feet wide1 t5 long1 & n9e high1 t]m9at+ 9 an op5+ close to ! floor1 only ?ree feet wide & two high1 ?r\gh :i* x is necess>y to wri!1 ) ! body on ! gr\nd4 ,?is leads into a small cave1 eight feet high & wide1 :i* is ! passage into a grotto1 tw5ty-eight feet high1 & ab\t =ty-?ree feet long & wide4 ,"h ! prodigi\s quantity ( animal e>?1 ! va/ numb] ( tee?1 jaws & o!r bones1 & ! heavy gr\p+ ( ! /alactites1 produce s dismal an appe>ance1 z to become a p]fect model ( a temple = a god ( ! dead4 ,"h hundr$s ( c>t-loads ( bony rema9s might be remov$1 pockets might be fill$ ) fossil tee?1 & animal e>? 0 f\nd to rea* to ! utmo/ dep? to :i* ! workm5 dug4 ,a piece ( /alactite1 be+ "h brok5 d[n1 0 f\nd to conta9 pieces ( bones )9 x1 ! remnants ( :i* 7 left imb$d$ 9 ! rock4 ,f ?is pr9cipal cave is a v n>r[ passage1 t]m9at+ 9 ! la/ cave1 :i* is ab\t six feet 9 wid?1 fifte5 9 hight1 & ! same 9 l5g?4 ,9 ?is cave 7 no animal rema9s1 & ! floor 0 ! nak$ rock4 ,?us f> only c ^! natural sepul*]s be trac$2 b !re is e reason to suppose1 t ^! animal rema9s are dispos$ ?r\gh a great] "p ( ?is rock4 ,:5ce ?is imm5se quantity ( ! rema9s ( c>nivor\s animals c\ld h be5 collect$1 is a "q :i* naturally arises2 b ! difficulty ( answ]+ x appe>s to be almo/ insurm\ntable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mammo? ,,cave4 ,,! ,,mammo? ,,cave4 ,= "o ( ! e>lie/ acc\nts ( ?is /up5d\s cav]n1 :i* is unp>allel$ 9 ! entire hi/ory ( subt]ranean wond]s1 we are indebt$ to ,dr4 ,nahum ,w>d1 :o publi%$ x 9 a mon?ly magaz9e1 9 ,octob]1 #ahaf4 ,x is 9 :at 0 =m]ly ,w>r51 b n[ ,edmonson c\nty1 9 ! /ate ( ,k5tucky1 ab\t t5 miles f ! great ,l\isville & ,na%ville turnpike4 ,! t]ritory is n m\nta9\s b brok51 diff]+ 9 ?is respect f ! vic9ity ( mo/ o!r cav]ns ( ! same g5]al k9d4 ,n f> f ! entrance1 a hotel is n[ kept = ! accommodation ( visitors1 z ! cave is q a fa%ionable resort = travel]s dur+ ! summ] season4 ,p]haps we %all be/ ga9 correct ideas ( ?is wond]ful cav]n1 :i* is almo/ a _w 9 itself1 hav+ its own seas1 m\nta9s1 lakes1 riv]s1 c41 by read+ fir/ ! acc\nt giv5 by ,dr4 ,w>d1 & !n t ( a visitor :o explor$ x 9 #ahed4 ,dr4 ,w>d1 provid$ ) guides1 two l>ge lamps1 a compass & refre%m5ts1 desc5d$ a pit =ty feet 9 dep?1 & "o hundr$ & tw5ty 9 circumf]5ce2 hav+ a spr+ ( f9e wat] at ! bottom1 & conduct+ to ! entrance ( ! cav]n4 ,! op5+1 :i* is to ! nor?1 is f =ty to fifty feet high1 & ab\t ?irty 9 wid?4 ,x n>r[s %ortly aft]1 b aga9 exp&s to a wid? ( ?irty or =ty feet1 & a hight ( tw5ty1 cont9u+ ^! dim5sions = ab\t a mile1 to ! fir/ hopp]s1#b :]e a manufactory ( saltpet] _h rec5tly be5 e/abli%$4 ,!nce to ! second ( ^! hopp]s1 two miles f ! entrance1 x is =ty feet 9 wid?1 & sixty 9 hight4 ,?r\gh\t ne>ly ! :ole ( ! di/ance h&some walls _h be5 made by ! manufactur]s1 ( ! loose lime/one4 ,! road 0 h>d1 & z smoo? z a flag pavem5t4 ,9 e passage :i* ! doctor trav]s$1 ! sides ( ! cav]n 7 p]p5dicul>1 & ! ar*es1 :i* h bid defiance ev5 to e>?quakes1 7 regul>4 ,9 #ahjb1 :5 ! heavy %ocks ( e>?quakes came on :i* 7 s sev]ely felt 9 ?is "p ( ,k5tucky1 ! workm5 /ation$ at ! second hopp]s1 he>d ab\t five m9utes be=e ea* %ock1 a heavy rumbl+ noise issue f ! cave1 l a /rong w9d4 ,:5 t ceas$1 ! rocks crack$1 & ! :ole appe>$ to be go+ 9 a mom5t to f9al de/ruction4 ,h[ev]1 no "o 0 injur$1 al?\gh l>ge portions ( rock fell 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! cav]n4 ----- ,footnote #b3 ,a hopp] is an inv]t$ cone1 into :i* corn is put at a mill be=e x runs betwe5 ! /ones4 ----- ,9 advanc+ into ! cav]n1 ! av5ue leads f ! second hopp]s1 we/1 "o mile2 & !nce1 s\?-we/1 to ! *ief area or city1 :i* is six miles f ! entrance4 ,?is av5ue1 ?r\gh\t its :ole ext5t f ! above /ation to ! cross-roads1 or *ief area1 is f sixty to "o hundr$ feet 9 hight1 ( a simil> wid?1 & ne>ly on a level1 ! floor or bottom be+ cov]$ ) loose lime/one & saltpet] e>?4 8,:510 obs]ves ! doctor1 8,i rea*$ ?is imm5se area 7call$ ! *ief city7 :i* conta9s upw>d ( eight acres1 )\t a s+le pill> to support ! ar*1 :i* is entire ov] ! :ole1 ,i 0 /ruck dumb ) a/oni%m5t4 ,no?+ c be m sublime & gr& ?an ?is place1 ( :i* b a fa9t idea c be convey$1 cov]$ ) "o solid ar* at lea/ "o hundr$ feet high1 & to all appe>ance entire40 ,hav+ ent]$ ! area1 ! doctor p]ceiv$ five l>ge av5ues lead+ f x1 f sixty to "o hundr$ feet 9 wid?1 & ab\t =ty 9 hight4 ,! /one walls are ar*$1 & 7 f =ty to eighty feet p]p5dicul> 9 hight be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! ar*4 ,9 explor+ ^! av5ues1 ! precaution 0 tak5 to cut arr[s1 po9t+ to ! m\? ( ! cave1 on ! /ones b5ea? ! feet1 to prev5t any difficulty 9 ! return4 ,! fir/ :i* 0 trav]s$1 took a s\!rly direction = m ?an two miles2 :5 a second 0 tak51 :i* l$ fir/ ea/1 & !n nor?1 = m ?an two miles fur!r4 ,^! w9d+s at l5g? br\ght ! p>ty1 by ano!r av5ue1 to ! *ief city aga91 aft] hav+ trav]s$ diff]5t av5ues = m ?an five miles4 ,hav+ repos$ = a few mom5ts on slabs ( lime/one ne> ! c5t] ( ?is gloomy area1 & refre%$ !mselves & trimm$ _! lamps1 !y dep>t$ a second "t1 ?r\gh an av5ue almo/ nor?1 p>allel ) ! "o lead+ f ! *ief city to ! m\? ( ! cav]n2 &1 hav+ proce$$ upw>d ( two miles1 came to ! second city4 ,?is is cov]$ ) a s+le ar*1 ne>ly two hundr$ feet high 9 ! c5t]1 & is v simil> to ! *ief city1 except 9 ! numb] ( its av5ues1 :i* are two only4 ,!y cross$ x1 ov] a v consid]able rise 9 ! c5t]1 & desc5d$ ?r\gh an av5ue :i* bore to ! ea/1 to ! di/ance ( ne>ly a mile1 :5 !y came to a ?ird area1 or city1 ab\t "o hundr$ feet squ>e1 & fifty 9 hight1 :i* _h a pure & delightful /ream ( wat] issu+ f ! side ( a wall ab\t ?irty feet high1 & :i* fell on a brok5 surface ( /one1 & 0 aft]w>d entirely lo/ to view4 ,hav+ pass$ a few y>ds beyond ?is beautiful %eet ( wat]1 s z to rea* ! end ( ! av5ue1 ! p>ty return$ ab\t "o hundr$ y>ds1 & pass+ ov] a consid]able mass ( /one1 ent]$ ano!r1 b small] av5ue to ! "r1 :i* c>ri$ !m s\?1 ?r\gh a ?ird1 ( an uncommonly black hue1 some:at m ?an a mile2 :5 !y asc5d$ a v /eep hill ab\t sixty y>ds1 :i* conduct$ !m to )9 ! walls ( ! f\r? city4 ,x is n inf]ior to ! second1 hav+ an ar* :i* cov]s at lea/ six acres4 ,9 ?is la/ av5ue1 ! extremity ( :i* c n be less ?an f\r miles f ! *ief city1 & t5 f ! m\? ( ! cav]n1 are upw>d ( tw5ty l>ge piles ( saltpet] e>? on ! "o side1 & brok5 lime/one heap$ up on ! o!r1 evid5tly ! "w ( human h&s4 ,f ! c\rse ( 8 ne$le1 ! doctor expect$ t ?is av5ue w\ld h l$ circuit\sly to ! *ief city2 b 0 mu* disappo9t$ :5 he rea*$ ! extremity1 a few hundr$ y>ds' di/ance f ! f\r? city4 ,9 retrac+ 8 /eps1 n hav+ paid a due att5tion to m>k ! entrances ( ! diff]5t av5ues1 he 0 greatly bewild]$1 & once completely lo/ himself = ne>ly fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes4 ,?us1 fa9t & we>i$1 he did n rea* ! *ief area till t5 at night2 b 0 /ill det]m9$ to explore ! cav]n s long z 8 light %\ld la/4 ,hav+ ent]$ ! fif? & la/ av5ue f ! *ief area1 & proce$$ s\?-ea/ ab\t n9e hundr$ y>ds1 he came to ! fif? area1 ! ar* ( :i* cov]s upw>d ( f\r acres ( level gr\nd1 /rew$ ) lime/one1 & hav+ fire-b$s ( an uncommon size1 surr\nd$ ) br&s ( cane1 int]sp]s$4 ,ano!r av5ue on ! opposite side1 l$ to "o ( /ill great] capacity1 ! walls or sides ( :i* 7 m p]fect ?an any t _h be5 notic$1 runn+ almo/ due s\? = ne>ly a mile & a half1 & be+ v level & /raight1 ) an elegant ar*4 ,:ile ! doctor 0 employ$1 at ! extremity ( ?is av5ue1 9 sket*+ a plan ( ! cave1 "o ( 8 guides1 :o _h /ray$ to a di/ance1 call$ on him to foll[4 ,leav+ ! o!r guide1 he 0 l$ to a v]tical passage1 :i* op5$ into a *amb] at lea/ eighte5 hundr$ feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & ! c5t] ( ! ar* ( :i* 0 "o hundr$ & fifty feet 9 hight4 ,x 0 pa/ midnight :5 he ent]$ ?is *amb] ( et]nal d>kness2 & :5 he reflect$ on ! diff]5t av5ues ?r\gh :i* he _h pass$ s9ce he _h p5etrat$ ! cave at eight 9 ! morn+1 & n[ f\nd himself buri$ sev]al miles 9 ! d>k recesses ( ?is awful cav]n--! grave1 p]haps1 ( ?\s&s ( human be+s--he felt a %iv]+ horror4 ,! av5ue1 or passage1 :i* l$ f x 0 z l>ge z any he _h ent]$2 & x is unc]ta9 h[ f> he might h travel$ _h 8 lights n fail$ him4 ,all ^? :o h any k ( ?is cave1 he obs]ves1 conjecture t ,gre5 riv]1 a /ream navigable sev]al hundr$ miles1 passes ov] ?ree ( its bran*es4 ,aft] a lapse ( ne>ly an h\r1 he desc5d$ by :at is call$ ! 8passage ( ! *imney10 & jo9$ ! o!r guide4 ,!nce return+ to ! *ief area or city1 :]e ! lamps 7 trimm$ = ! la/ "t1 he ent]$ ! spaci\s av5ue :i* l$ to ! second hopp]s4 ,"h he met ) v>i\s curiosities1 su* z sp>s1 petrifactions1 c42 & ^! he br\ght away1 toge!r ) a mummy :i* 0 f\nd at ! second hopp]s4 ,he rea*$ ! m\? ( ! cave ab\t ?ree 9 ! morn+1 ne>ly exhau/$ ) n9ete5 h\rs ( con/ant fatigue4 ,he ne>ly fa9t$ on leav+ x1 & on inhal+ ! vapid air ( ! atmosph]e1 aft] hav+ s long brea!d ! pure air occasion$ by ! nit] ( ! cave4 ,8 pulse beat /rong] :5 9 ! cave1 b n s quick z :5 on ! surface4 ,"h ! doctor obs]ves t he has h>dly describ$ half ! cave1 n hav+ nam$ ! av5ues betwe5 its m\? & ! second hopp]s4 ,?is "p ( 8 n>rative is ( equal int]e/ ) :at has be5 already giv54 ,he /ates t !re is a passage 9 ! ma9 av5ue1 upw>d ( n9e hundr$ feet f ! entrance1 l t ( a trap-door4 ,by slid+ aside a l>ge flat /one1 y c desc5d sixte5 or eighte5 feet 9 a v n>r[ defile1 :]e ! passage comes on a level1 & w9ds ab\t 9 su* a mann]1 z to pass "u ! ma9 passage )\t hav+ any communication ) x1 at l5g? op5+ into ! ma9 cave by two l>ge passages j beyond ! second hopp]s4 ,?is is call$ ! 8glaub]-salt room10 f salts ( t k9d be+ f\nd !re4 ,next come ! sick room1 ! bat-room1 & ! fl9t-room1 toge!r ) a w9d+ av5ue1 :i*1 bran*+ (f at ! second hopp]s1 runs we/ & s\?-we/ = m ?an two miles4 ,x is call$ ! 8haunt$ *amb]10 f ! e*o )93 its ar* is v beautifully incru/$ ) lime/one sp>2 & 9 _m places ! columns ( sp> are truly elegant1 ext5d+ f ! ceil+ to ! floor4 ,ne> ! c5t] ( ?is ar* is a dome1 app>5tly fifty feet high1 hung 9 ri* drap]y1 fe/oon$ 9 ! mo/ fanciful mann] = six or eight feet f ! hang+s1 & 9 colors ! mo/ ri* & brilliant4 ,by ! reflection ( "o or two lights1 ! columns ( sp> & ! /alactites h a v romantic appe>ance4 ,( ?is sp>1 a l>ge elevation1 call$ 8,wilk9's arm-*air10 has be5 =m$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! av5ue & encircl$ ) _m small] ones4 ,! columns ( ! sp>1 flut$ & /udd$ ) knobs ( sp> & /alactites2 ! drap]y ( ! v>i\s colors sup]bly fe/oon$ & hung 9 ! mo/ graceful mann]1 ^! are %[n ) ! greate/ brilliancy by ! reflection ( ! lamps4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ! haunt$ *amb]1 ! s\nd ( a cat>act 0 he>d2 & at ! extremity ( ! av5ue 0 a res]voir ( wat]1 v cle> & grateful to ! ta/e1 hav+1 app>5tly1 nei!r inlet nor outlet4 ,"h ! air1 z 9 _m o!r p>ts ( ! cave1 0 pure & delightful4 ,n f> f ! res]voir1 an av5ue pres5t$ itself1 )9 :i* 7 sev]al columns ( ! mo/ brilliant sp>1 sixty or sev5ty feet 9 hight1 & almo/ p]p5dicul>1 /&+ 9 bas9s ( wat]2 :i*1 z well z ! columns1 7 ( surpass+ spl5dor & beauty4 ,s f> we h foll[$ ! brief & g5]al acc\nt ( ,dr4 ,w>d4 ,turn+ n[ to o!r acc\nts1 we f9d t ! cave ext5ds = miles "u ! e>?1 & t ! end ( x has nev] yet be5 rea*$ by any explor]4 ,! air is n only pure1 b delightful & exhil>at+1 & has be5 highly recomm5d$ = diseases ( ! lungs1 s mu* s1 t q a numb] ( small h\ses h be5 built )9 to accommodate consumptive p]sons1 :o at times h resid$ !re ) b5efit4 ,! temp]ature !re is uni=mly ! same1 be+ 9 bo? w9t] & summ]1 f fifty-five degrees to fifty-n9e degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,combu/ion is p]fect 9 all p>ts ( ! cave1 & decomposition is n[h]e obs]vable4 ,no reptiles1 ( any description1 h ev] be5 se5 )9 x4 ,! l\de/ ?und] c n be he>d a qu>t] ( a mile )91 & ! only s\nd is ! ro> ( ! wat]falls1 ( :i* !re are "s sev5 or eight4 ,! entire cave1 s f> z explor$1 conta9s two hundr$ & fifty or m av5ues1 ne>ly fifty domes1 tw5ty-two pits & ?ree riv]s4 ,_m ( ! av5ues conta9 l>ge & magnific5t /alagmite columns1 ext5d+ f ! floor to ! ceil+1 & "s ( v grotesque & fanciful %ape4 ,graceful /alactites may likewise be se5 p5dant f ! ceil+s1 z uni=m & regul> z if !y 7 cut by ! h& ( man4 ,! engrav+ gives a view ( "o ( ^? av5ues :]e ! /alagmites & /alactites ab\nd 9 great pr(usion4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ?is av5ue1 9 :at is call$ ! ,go?ic ,*apel1 ^! /alactic =mations are /ill m /rik+1 v mu* resembl+ a monki% ca!dral4 ,9 ! ,fairy ,grotto1 ! =mations likewise assume a great _m fanciful %apes4 ,pass+ n[ to ! second acc\nt ( a visit to ! cave1 to :i* we h already allud$1 we f9d ! visitor say+1 t ! cave is e way s wond]ful1 t x is impossible to give m ?an a fa9t idea ( its magnific5ce & spl5dor4 8,z 9 explor+ ! cave10 he cont9ues1 8!re are ?ree riv]s to cross & a great deal ( climb+ ov] rocks & crawl+ ?r\gh n>r[ places1 ladies adopt ! ,bloom] co/ume f necessity1 & g5tlem5 are provid$ ) dresses accord+ to _! fancy1 s t a p>ty />t+ out = a trip ?r\gh ! cave1 pres5t a mo/ grotesque & comical appe>ance4 ,on arriv+ at ! m\?1 ! visitor is provid$ ) a lamp1 & makes an abrupt1 ?\gh comp>atively easy desc5t ( "s sev5ty or eighty feet4 ,"h he ent]s a d>k av5ue1 ab\t five rods wide1 call$ ! ,n>r[s1 & soon f9ds himself f> beyond :]e daylight ev] %one4 ,at ! di/ance ( ab\t six hundr$ y>ds f ! m\?1 ?is av5ue exp&s & =ms a l>ge circul> room1 call$ ! ,rotunda1 or ,great ,ve/ibule4 ,! guide /ops "h1 & ignites a light1 a comp\nd ( sulphur1 saltpet] & antimony1 prep>$ = illum9at+ ! v>i\s po9ts ( special int]e/ ?r\gh ! cave4 ,?is =ms a mo/ brilliant light1 & reveals a room "s two or ?ree hundr$ feet wide1 & =ty-sev5 feet high4 ,! view reveal$ by ?is fir/ illum9ation is mo/ impos+ & sublime4 ,i told my guide t he 0 c]ta9ly "r 9 8 ideas ab\t describ+ ! cave4 ,z he saw me gett+ my pap] & p5cil ready at ! m\?1 he began laugh+ v significantly1 & said1 #8,writ9 'b\t ! cave a9t no use1 sir4 ,mo/ ev]ybody t goes 9 writes1 b !y g9'ally ?r[s x away :5 !y comes out4 ,writ9 don't d no good4 ,if anybody wants to "k 'b\t ! cave1 !y mu/ come & see x4' ,al?\gh ,i _h b>ely comm5c$ my j\rney ?r\gh x1 ,i told my guide t ,i c\ld he>tily subscribe to ! :ole ( 8 spee* on ?is subject4 8,& "r "h1 9 ! great ve/ibule1 ,i w /op to say a few words ab\t my guide4 ,!re are f\r guides to ! cave1 all ( :om are said to be entirely famili> ) x1 & to give ! mo/ p]fect satisfaction to visitors4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,i 0 entirely satisfi$ ) #8,alfr$1' ) :om ,i made f\r diff]5t j\rneys ?r\gh ! cave1 travel+ "u gr\nd ?r\gh v>i\s av5ues m ?an fifty miles4 ,alfr$ =m]ly belong$ to ,miss ,m>y ,croghan1 ^: elopem5t f a bo>d+-s*ool on ,/at5 ,isl& ab\t a doz5 ye>s ago1 ) ,capta9 ,%9ley1 creat$ s great a s5sation 9 ,new ,york & else:]e4 ,aft] %e w5t to ,engl&1 %e gave ,alfr$ to "s ( h] relatives1 & he belong$ to ,dr4 ,croghan at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 :o 0 ! own] ( ! cave4 ,by ! t]ms ( ,dr4 ,croghan's w1 ,alfr$ & 8 wife & *ildr5 w be free 9 ab\t eighte5 mon?s4 ,he is n[ draw+ wages = 8 s]vices1 :i*1 ) ! lib]al pres5ts he receives f visitors1 w enable him to make a v f9e />t 9 ! _w4 ,alfr$ has evid5tly be5 a great pet1 z he le>n$ to read :5 v small2 & he a/oni%es visitors by 8 use ( sci5tific t]ms1 & 8 k ( *emi/ry & geology4 ,he has n[ be5 a guide to ! cave ab\t sixte5 ye>s2 has visit$ x ) a great _m sci5tific m52 has mo/ ( ! /&>d works on geology1 & is altoge!r an int]e/+ "*4 ,he sees p]sons f all p>ts ( ! union1 & und]/&s all ! excitem5ts at ! nor?1 f t creat$ by ,uncle ,tom's ,cab91 d[n to ! ,=re/ divorce trial4 ,he 0 anxi\s to buy ,uncle ,tom's ,cab91 & 0 told t he _h bett] buy a ,bible4 ,s he paid f\r doll>s & a half = a ,bible1 & b\ght ,uncle ,tom too4 ,i c n d less ?an recomm5d all my fri5ds :o may visit ! cave1 to try & secure ,alfr$ = a guide4 8,leav+ ! ve/ibule & pass+ ! ,k5tucky cliffs1 s call$ f _! lik5ess to ! cliffs 9 ,k5tucky riv]1 we come to :at is v appropriately nam$ ! ,*ur* & ,gall]ies4 ,at v>i\s po9ts ^u ! r\te ?us f>1 we h se5 ! lea*+ vats & o!r rema9s ( ! saltpet] works t 7 erect$ 9 ! cave ne>ly fifty ye>s ago4 ,! manufacture ( saltpet] 0 c>ri$ on q ext5sively 9 ! cave = sev]al ye>s1 & ! guide says ! saltpet] 0 manufactur$ "h ) :i* ! p[d] 0 made :i* 0 us$ 9 ! battle ( ,new ,orleans4 ,!re is a v pla9 c>t-pa? ?r\gh ?is "p ( ! cave1 & we saw ! tracks ( ox5 :i* 7 made =ty-sev5 ye>s ago4 ,! *ur* is ! po9t 9 ! cave :]e ! m9]s assembl$ = wor%ip4 ,! rude pulpit or /& f :i* ! prea*] address$ 8 congregation1 /ill rema9s4 ,b besides ?is !re is a natural pulpit & gall]ies :i* are easily asc5d$ by /eps 9 ! wall1 f :i* s]mons are n[ frequ5tly prea*$ to visitors1 = :om seats are provid$4 ,:5 illum9at$1 ?is *ur* is m awfully impos+ & solemn1 ?an any temple built by human h&s4 ,! cave is m ?an "o hundr$ feet wide1 its massive rocky walls ab\t fifte5 feet high1 & /ret*+ away 9 ea* direction until lo/ 9 ! mo/ imp5etrable d>kness4 ,= myself1 ,i c\ld n und]/& h[ any man w\ld cons5t to lift 8 puny voice :]e ,god speaks s impressively4 ,b !re is a diff]5ce 9 ta/es1 & _m1 ,i d\bt n1 are p]suad$ aga9/ _! own w to gratify ! /rong desire ( ! visitors to he> prea*+ 9 ! cave4 ,go+ on f ?is po9t we pass ! ,gr& ,ar*1 a natural ar* sixty-six feet high1 & ab\t sev5ty y>ds wide1 & "o hundr$ & fifty y>ds long2 & "s di/ance beyond are %[n ! ,giant's ,c(f94 ,?is is a huge rock1 s =m$ t ! top ( x is a f9e repres5tation ( a c(f94 ,! %ape is almo/ precisely t ( a mod]n metallic c(f94 ,?is rock lies exactly ea/ & we/1 by ! compass1 & is fifty-sev5 & a half feet long4 8,"h we left ! broad ma9 cave 9 :i* we _h ?us f> be5 travel+1 & :i* /ret*$ on indef9itely be=e u1 & turn$ (f into a n>r[1 circuit\s1 irregul> av5ue1 & w&]$ indef9itely4 ,clamb]+ ov] rocks1 go+ d[n precipit\s /eeps1 pass+ a great v>iety ( rooms1 l(ty domes1 intricate labyr9?s1 pits f sev5ty-five to "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five feet deep1 & a great _m o!r po9ts1 all appropriately & (t5 v significantly nam$1 we at l5g? came to ,gor9's ,dome1 s call$ f ! "n ( its discov]]1 by f> ! mo/ impos+ ,i _h yet se54 ,com+ to ! end ( a n>r[ av5ue1 ! guide direct$ me to look ?r\gh an op5+ 9 ! wall1 a k9d ( w9d[1 & our lamps reveal$ hights above & dep?s bel[1 t seem$ int]m9able6 ,he !n k9dl$ "o ( ! lights t ,i h already describ$1 & plac+ x ^u a bo>d1 ?ru/ x ?r\gh ! op5+ & told me to look1 fir/ bel[ & !n above4 ,! view 0 utt]ly indescribable & almo/ ov]p[]+4 ,! op5+ 0 n m ?an ?irty feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & ,i h already =gott5 ! hight & dep? z giv5 me by ! guide4 ,b ,i felt = h\rs & /ill feel ! trembl+s ( ^? emotions t ?rill$ ?r\gh my :ole frame z ,i pe]$ into ^? abysmal dep?s1 & look$ up into ^? giddy hights4 ,none b ,jehovah c\ld build su* a dome4 8,i c n und]take to give ! details ( our r\te f av5ue to av5ue1 nor m5tion ! v>i\s po9ts ( int]e/ t we pass$4 ,we 7 at l5g? 9 a va/ op5 space2 ! guide took our lamps1 & go+ a %ort di/ance f u1 told u to look up1 & we at once discov]$ t we 7 9 ! f>-fam$ ,/> ,*amb]4 ,! cave "h is "s tw5ty or ?irty y>ds wide1 & ab\t sixty or sev5ty feet high1 & 9 a dim light ! ar* above pres5ts ! appe>ance ( ! sky 9 a v />ry night4 ,on look+ up y see innum]able />s1 & z y gaze = a long "t ! sky seems to be v di/ant1 ! />s increase 9 numb]1 & x seems q z if y 7 really look+ ?r\gh an op5+ 9 ! cave into ! heav5s4 ,our guide ,alfr$ 0 ) ,pr(essor ,silliman :5 he exam9$ ?is ar* by ! aid ( a ,drummond light1 to discov] ! cause ( ?is appe>ance1 & f\nd t x 0 cry/als emb$d$ 9 ! wall4 ,aft] we _h satisfi$ ourselves ) view+ ?is artificial sky1 ,alfr$ took all our lamps & go+ into a cave bel[ u1 by ! %ad[s f 8 lamps gave u a repres5tation ( cl\ds pass+ ov] ! sky1 obscur+ ! />s1 ?und]-cl\ds roll+ ov] & ! />s appe>+ aga91 & o!r int]e/+ illusions4 ,aft] ?is he w5t /ill deep] 9 ! cave bel[ u1 leav+ u 9 ! mo/ pit*y d>kness4 ,we 7 s deep 9 ! b[els ( ! e>? t ! l\de/ ?und] has nev] be5 he>d !re1 & ! sil5ce & d>kness 7 awfully impressive4 ,sudd5ly we saw 9 ! direction 9 :i* our guide _h disappe>$1 a light l ! ris+ ( ! moon1 :i* grew l>g] & l>g]1 until ,alfr$ em]g$ ?r\gh "s op5+ f ! regions bel[1 & appe>$ 9 ! di/ance 9 ! same cave 9 :i* we 7 /&+4 8,aft] leav+ ?is *amb]1 :i* 0 m beautiful ?an any we _h ent]$1 we made our way to ! ,go?ic ,gall]y4 ,?is av5ue 0 unlike any?+ we _h yet se54 ,x is "s f\r or five rods wide & ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile long1 ! pa? ov] :i* we walk$ be+ mu* m level ?an ! mo/ ( ^? we _h walk$ ov]1 & mu* ( ! wall ov] our heads look+ almo/ z smoo? z if x _h be5 pla/]$4 ,9 ?is av5ue we visit$ ! ,haunt$ ,*amb]1 s call$ f ! fact t two mummies 7 discov]$ "h _m ye>s ago2 ,vulcan's ,=ge1 s call$ f be+ v d>k1 & a =mation resembl+ c9d]s2 & ne> its end ! ,go?ic ,gall]y4 ,?is room has a great v>iety ( /alactite & /alagmite =mations1 _m ( :i* h =m$ solid massive pill>s4 ,z we approa*$ ! ,*apel1 our guide made u all /ay beh9d1 :ile he w5t ahead1 tak+ all our lamps ) him2 & :5 we w5t =w>d at 8 call1 we f\nd ea* ( our lamps hung ^u "s "o ( ^! pill>s1 & illum9at+ a room1 comp>$ ) :i* ,taylor's saloon on ,broadway1 or ! mo/ gorge\s saloon ,new ,york c boa/1 is simplicity itself4 ,^! =mations are a wond]ful curiosity4 ,!y are ( a v light color1 are ne>ly z h>d z granite1 & are said to be =m$ by ! dripp+s ( lime wat]4 ,!y are 9 a great v>iety ( %apes1 to :i* a great _m fanciful names h be5 giv51 su* z ! ,pulpit1 ! ,devil's ,arm-,*air1 ! ,pill>s ( ,h]cules1 c4 8,i _h int5d$ 9 ?is lett] to speak ( ! *ief po9ts ( int]e/ 9 :at is call$ ! %ort r\te ?r\gh ! cave2 t is1 ! portion ( ! cave t is visit$ )\t cross+ ei!r ( ! riv]s4 ,i made two visits on ?is side ( ! riv]s1 ! fir/ "t travel+ ab\t six miles1 & ! second "t travel+ t5 miles & a half4 ,b ,i am ! m will+ to pass by ! ,b&it's ,hall1 ,mammo? ,dome1 ,p]sico ,av5ue1 ,crockett's ,dome1 ,sn[ball ,ar*1 ,bunyan's ,way1 & o!r places ( special int]e/1 ) a m]e m5tion ( _! names1 f ! fact t x is s entirely impossible to describe !m4 ,"s ( ^! are b r>ely visit$1 & x co/s no little ef=t to rea* !m4 ,b h[ev] n>r[ ! fissures 9 ! rocks ?r\gh :i* we squeez$1 h[ev] /eep & slipp]y ! asc5t1 h[ev] long ! di/ance we _h to crawl on our h&s & knees1 we 7 always m ?an paid = our pa9s4 8,omitt+1 !n1 any detail$ acc\nt ( :at is call$ ! %ort r\te1 ,i pass to a notice ( ! long r\te1 to :i* mo/ ( our "t 0 giv54 ,9 tak+ ?is we ent]$ ! cave z be=e1 pass$ ?r\gh ! great ve/ibule1 & on = a mile or two ?r\gh ! ma9 bran*1 ov] ! same r\te we _h already travel$4 ,x seems impossible to realize t ?is is a cave1 x is s high1 s wide1 s va/4 ,sev]al ( our company rem>k$ ?is fact4 ,we seem$ r to be 9 "s deep1 d>k rav9e or m\nta9 gorge1 w&]+ by ! light ( our dim lamps1 9 "s night t 0 utt]ly rayless & />less4 ,we at l5g? rea*$ ! ,bottomless ,pit1 :]e we ent]$ ^u a pa? t 0 new to u4 ,?is pit is a deep1 d>k1 fe>ful *asm1 & receiv$ its "n be=e any?+ l bottom _h be5 f\nd4 ,x has n[ be5 measur$ to ! dep? ( "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five feet1 & !re may be fissures 9 ! rock desc5d+ indef9itely bel[4 ,ne> ?is pit1 we pass$ ov] an artificial bridge1 & ent]$ ! ,valley ( ,humility1 ?r\gh :i* we made our way1 /oop+ & crawl+1 until we rea*$ :at is ! mo/ comical & laughable po9t 9 ! cave1 :i* is mo/ appropriately nam$ ! ,w9d+ ,way1 or ,fat ,man's ,mis]y4 ,?is is an exce$+ly circuit\s op5+ 9 ! rock1 ab\t eighte5 in*es wide1 & betwe5 ?ree & f\r hundr$ feet long4 ,at ! entrance ( ?is way1 ! fissure ?r\gh :i* we pass is n m ?an ab\t two feet deep1 & ! ceil+ above u is s high t we c\ld /& erect )\t difficulty2 b 9 advanc+1 ! fissure becomes deep]1 ! rocks on ei!r h& are high] & high]1 & ! ceil+ above becomes l[] & l[]1 & x seems to be1 inde$1 n only fat1 b tall m5's mis]y4 ,x is a mo/ laughable sight to see a p>ty edg+ _! way ?r\gh ?is zigzag pa?2 a pa? t gives e indication ( hav+ be5 wa%$ & worn by ! action ( ! wat] = innum]able ye>s4 ,our p>ty 0 a decid$ly lean "o1 s t we did n1 l _m o!rs1 h ! amusem5t ( see+ "s "o ( ald]manic proportions squeeze & worry 8 way ?r\gh4 ,f9ally1 h[ev]1 we got ?r\gh1 & came into a l>ge op5 space1 :i* our guide call$ ,great ,relief1 & a relief x 01 sure en\gh4 ,pass+ on1 we ent]$ a l>ge1 roomy av5ue call$ ,riv] ,hall1 :]e we 7 %[n ! high-wat] m>k 9 ! cave2 :]e1 9 times ( fre%ets1 ! riv] rises fifty-sev5 feet1 p]p5dicul>ly1 above l[-wat] m>k 9 ! cave4 ,we turn$ aside f ?is hall into a l>ge room1 to witness a great curiosity call$ ! ,bacon ,*amb]4 ,"h ! =mations ov]head are su* z to make ! room look rem>kably l a l>ge smoke-h\se fill$ ) hams2 & ne> by we 7 %[n a smoo? circul> excavation 9 ! wall above u1 :i* 0 po9t$ out z ! kettle = boil+ ^! hams1 n[ turn$ bottom upw>d4 ,return+ to ! ,hall1 we w5t =w>d1 pass+ sev]al po9ts ( int]e/1 until we came to a pure & beautiful body ( wat] call$ ,lake ,le!1 ^u :i* we emb>k$ 9 a small boat provid$ = ! purpose4 ,we 7 n[ all on ! look-out = ! eyeless fi% t are f\nd 9 ! wat]s ( ! cave1 & 7 s =tunate z to cat* 9 a small net1 fir/1 :at 0 call$ a clawfi%1 hav+ legs l a lob/]1 b eyeless & app>5tly bloodless1 be+ almo/ precisely ! color ( potato spr\ts t h gr[n 9 ! spr+ 9 a d>k cell>4 ,aft]w>d we caught a v small fi% ( ! same color1 & hav+ no eyes4 ,:]e ! eyes %\ld gr[1 ! fle% 0 smoo? & j l ! re/ ( ! body4 ,:atev] our d\bts might h be5 be=e1 we "h _h ocul> demon/ration t ! fi% 9 ^! wat]s1 :i* are nev] illum9$ except by lamplight1 are entirely )\t sight4 8,leav+ ,lake ,le!1 we ent]$ a mo/ gr& & impos+ av5ue1 ) l(ty rocky walls t[]+ ab\t two hundr$ & fifty feet high1 call$ ! ,great ,walk4 ,?is leads to ! ,e*o ,riv]1 "o ( ! greate/ ( ^! subt]ranean wond]s4 ,we sail$ d[n ?is riv] a di/ance ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile1 & su* a sail6 ,:]e on ! e>? or "u ! e>?1 c\ld ano!r su* a sail be tak58 ,! wat] 0 cold1 cle> & pure1 & 9 color rem>kably l ! ,niag>a1 z x plunges ov] ! falls4 ,at _m places we c\ld see ! bottom1 & 9 o!rs x seem$ ( v great dep?4 ,x fl[$ 9 placid /illness1 unrippl$ by a s+le breeze1 betwe51 above & b5ea? walls ( massive & et]nal rock4 ,n[ ! *annel 0 deep1 n>r[ & tortu\s1 & n[ x spread out into a broad1 pellucid /ream4 ,n[ ! massive ceil+ above u 0 high1 & smoo?1 & beautifully ar*$2 & n[ x 0 s r\gh1 brok5 & l[1 t we _h to /oop z we sat 9 our boat1 9 ord] to pass "u x4 ,we did n pass rapidly d[n ?is /ream4 ,none ( u 7 9 a hurry4 ,we seem$ sc>cely to belong to ?is driv+1 g-ahead _w4 ,n[ a %\t e*o$ wildly & magnific5tly ?r\gh ! rocky *amb]s2 & n[ we sat entranc$ :ile "o ( our company1 a spl5did musician1 sang "s beautiful song1 nev] z beautiful z n[1 :5 x e*o$ & re*o$ along ^! walls1 & di$ away 9 ! d>kness t our dim lamps c\ld n p5etrate4 ,?is riv]1 too1 is mo/ appropriately nam$4 ,! e*oes are mo/ p]fect & beautiful4 ,we exp]im5t$ 9 a great v>iety ( ways1 s++ alone & 9 conc]t1 %\t+1 :i/l+1 clapp+ our h&s1 & f9ally1 ! :ole company sung ,ortonville4 ,b !re 0 "o ?+ m impressive ?an all ^!1 & t 0 sil5ce6 ,we sat 9 our boat z quietly z possible1 no "o speak+ or mov+ = "s "t2 & ! /illness & ! d>kness by :i* we 7 surr\nd$1 7 solemn & awful beyond all description4 ,we 7 deep 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 ,i "k n h[ _m feet bel[ its surface1 b s l[ t no ray ( light f ! sun _h ev] p5etrat$ its dep?s1 & no voice ( l\de/ ?und] _h ev] wak$ an e*o !re4 ,! sil5ce 0 p]fect1 save ! s\nd ( brea?+ :i* ea* "o tri$ to suppress1 & ! ?robb+ ( our he>ts t #8,/ill l muffl$ drums 7 beat+1 ,fun]al m>*es to ! grave4' 8,god spoke 9 t /illness ) a voice su* z ,i _h nev] he>d be=e4 ,i _h nev] be=e s realiz$ h[ awfully impressive 7 d>kness & sil5ce4 ,i _h entirely new ideas ( ! awful solitude ( t p]iod :5 ! #8e>? 0 )\t =m & void1 & d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! deep4' 8,on gett+ beyond ?is riv]1 we ent]$ a region ( av5ues ( incr$ible if n ( int]m9able l5g?1 :i* h be5 discov]$ )9 ! la/ twelve or fifte5 ye>s4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ( ^! is call$ ,silliman ,av5ue1 9 honor ( ,pr(essor ,silliman1 :o has made v ?or\gh explorations ( ! cave4 ,?is av5ue is a mile & a half long1 ab\t ?ree rods wide1 & has v>i\s int]e/+ features :i* ,i h n "t to notice4 ,at ! t]m9ation ( ?is av5ue1 ! cave wid5s into a l>ge room1 sev]al rods wide1 & "s fifty or sixty feet high1 :i* is call$ ,ole ,bull's conc]t-room1 f ! fact t ?is musician gave a free conc]t !re to ! visitors :o 7 at ! cave at ! "t ( 8 visit4 8,beyond ?is room1 we ent]$ an av5ue two miles long1 call$ ! ,pass ( ,el ,gor4 ,?is is an exce$+ly rocky & unev5 av5ue1 lead+1 by a mo/ circuit\s pa? up & d[n great piles ( rock1 along a mo/ rugg$ & desolate way1 ne> deep holes & fissures 9 ! rocks1 until at l5g? we come to a f9e sulphur spr+ call$ ,hebe's ,spr+1 :i* we f\nd v refre%+4 ,"h1 ?r\gh a n>r[ op5+ 9 ! rocks1 we climb a ladd] eighte5 feet high1 & f9d a sc5e t abundantly comp5sates = ! r\gh walk we h tak5 to rea* x4 ,on rea*+ ! top ( ?is ladd]1 we f9d ourselves 9 ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d4 ,"h is a va/ room1 ! sides ( :i* are cov]$ ov] ) a =mation resembl+ grapes4 ,!y hang on ! wall above1 plump1 r\nd & p]fect 9 =m1 & 9 ! greate/ pr(usion4 ,!y are s solid & h>d t x is difficult to break (f any ( ! clu/]s1 & are said to be =m$ by ! dripp+s ( ! wat] ?r\gh ! rocks4 ,ne> ! head ( ! ladd] !re is a f9e repres5tation ( a v9e1 ( solid rock1 runn+ along ! wall2 & app>5tly connect$ ) ?is v9e1 !re are seem+ly c>t-loads ( ^! rocky grapes4 ,our guide illum9$ ! v9ey>d ) "o ( 8 ,b5gal lights1 & ! view 0 magnific5t4 8,go+ on f ?is po9t ?r\gh ,el9do's ,av5ue & ,wa%+ton's ,hall1 we rea*$ ano!r ( ! rem>kable rooms ( ! cave1 call$ ! ,sn[ball ,room4 ,! cave is "h ab\t a hundr$ feet wide1 t5 or fifte5 feet high1 & ! ceil+ q ev5 & beautifully ar*$4 ,nature has "h play$ mo/ fanta/ic tricks4 ,i "k ( no way s good to describe ?is room1 z to say t its walls & ceil+ ov]head look l ! end ( "s build+ t a score ( s*ool-boys h completely cov]$ ov] ) sn[balls4 ,we exam9$ ^! =mations = "s "t ) our lamps1 & !n ,alfr$ gave u ! b5efit ( an illum9ation4 ,b ( its appe>ance :5 ?us light$ up1 ,i w attempt no description4 8,we 7 n[ ab\t sev5 miles f ! m\? ( ! cave2 & ) appetites %>p5$ by our long walk1 we sat d[n to ! d9n] :i* our ho/ _h s5t along = u4 ,x 0 a magnific5t d9+-saloon 9 :i* we 7 seat$4 ,taylor's saloon on ,broadway is spl5did1 & has dazzl$ & bewild]$ multitudes1 :5 !y fir/ ent]$ x2 b nei!r ,taylor1 nor pr9ce1 nor pot5tate1 ev] built a room s gorge\s z t 9 :i* we 7 seat$4 ,none b ! ,god :o built ! skies1 & b5t & decorat$ ! ar* above u1 c\ld build ano!r comp>able to x4 8,! ,sn[ball ,room is at ! entrance ( an av5ue m ext5sive & beautiful ?an any o!r 9 ! cave4 ,?is is call$ ,clevel&'s ,cab9et1 & is altoge!r indescribable4 ,x is ab\t five rods wide & two miles long6 ,?9k ( its dim5sions a mom5t6 ,ab\t z long z ,broadway f ! ,batt]y to ,union ,squ>e1 & ) walls1 n ( brick1 granite & m>ble1 %ap$ & grav5 by art & man's device1 b ) walls & ceil+ above cov]$ all ov] ) ! exquisite & beautiful workman%ip ( its div9e build]4 8,we pass$ sl[ly ?r\gh ?is cab9et1 two miles long1 ! guide conduct+ u f po9t to po9t ( rem>kable int]e/1 & all ! way along %[+ u new & /range developm5ts4 ,we w5t to ,m>y's ,b[]1 ,virg9ia's ,fe/oons1 ,sa9t ,cecelia's ,grotto1 ,flora's ,g>d51 :]e 7 roses & lilies1 rosettes & wrea?s1 z p]fect z ?\gh !y _h be5 *isel$ !re by ! mo/ accompli%$ sculptor4 ,! =mation on ! wall 9 :i* ^! v>i\s fl[]s & o!r beautiful ?+s are develop$1 is gypsum ( ! mo/ sn[y :it5ess2 & our guide said x 0 9 ?ree sep>ate lay]s1 & t ! =m+ process 0 con/antly go+ on1 ! inn] lay]s cr[d+ (f ! out]4 ,! floor 0 cov]$ ) tuns ( ^! lay]s1 :i* _h be5 cr[d$ (f1 & :i* visitors are at lib]ty to c>ry (f z specim5s1 :ile !y are /rictly prohibit$ f break+ any?+ f ! walls4 ,b /ill x is ) ! utmo/ difficulty t ! guides c pres]ve "s ( ! mo/ beautiful views 9 ! cave f ! de/ruction ( v&al visitors4 ,?is "p ( ! cave is less beautiful ?an =m]ly1 hav+ become a good deal smok$ by ! lamps ( ! ?\s&s ( visitors :o h exam9$ x4 ,b our guide took u into an av5ue imm$iately "u ?is1 :i* is b r>ely visit$1 & conduct$ u to a mo/ en*ant+ spot call$ ,eg]ia's ,grotto4 ,"h ! =mations 7 z pure1 & beautiful & :ite1 z if fre% f ! h& ( _! ,mak]4 ,"h 7 =mations1 n only ( ! pure/ :ite1 b ( o!r mo/ exquisite color+4 ,we rema9$ a long "t 9 ?is grotto1 exam9+ its v>i\s wond]s1 & deem$ ourselves v =tunate 9 see+ x1 z f ?is we c\ld bett] und]/& h[ ,clevel&'s ,cab9et above u appe>$ dur+ ! long ages t int]v5$ be=e x 0 pollut$ by ! pres5ce ( man4 ,ano!r beautiful grotto 0 p]fectly brilliant & gorge\s1 & look$ z ?\gh its r\gh walls 7 a solid mass ( diamonds4 ,! mo/ gorge\s & brilliant room ev] built 9 ! palace ( an e>?ly mon>*1 is tam5ess itself comp>$ ) ?is diamond grotto4 8,em]g+ aga9 into ,clevel&'s ,cab9et1 we pass$ on to its t]m9ation1 :]e we asc5d$ ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 a va/ pile ( loose1 brok5 rocks1 "o hundr$ & sixty feet high1 :i* h app>5tly dropp$ d[n f ! cave above1 leav+ a va/ vault$ op5+ 9 ! cave above1 to indicate ! place f :i* !y h fall54 ,beyond ^! m\nta9s1 ! cave bran*es 9 ?ree directions4 ,we took ! bran* lead+ to ,croghan's ,hall1 ! remote/ po9t 9 ! cave t has yet be5 visit$1 & n9e miles f its m\?4 ,on ! "r ( ?is room !re is a deep1 awful pit1 into :i* we ?rew /ones1 z we _h into _m o!rs1 & he>d !m roll & b\nd f rock to rock1 d[n a di/ance ( "o hundr$ & eighty-five feet4 ,! wat] f "s po9t bel[ u runs ov] ^! rocks1 & fl[s (f1 no mortal kn[s :]e4 ,?is hall conta9s l>ge1 massive pill>s1 elaborately c>v$ & ornam5t$ by ! ,invisible ,ar*itect1 /alactites & /alagmites ( v>i\s beautiful =ms1 & its walls are fe/oon$ ) t ri* drap]y :i* no art c imitate1 & :i* only decks ! grottos1 b[]s & halls ( ?is wond]ful cave4 8,aft] refre%+ ourselves "h f a pleasant spr+1 we />t$ on our n9e-mile tramp = ! m\? ( ! cave1 tak+ only a hurri$ glance ( ! v>i$ objects ( int]e/ z we pass$ !m4 ,we1 h[ev]1 sail$ v leisurely d[n ,e*o ,riv]1 or ! ,jordan1 z x is also call$4 ,we aga9 _h solos & *oruses1 & drank 9 ri* delights f ?is en*ant+ sail4 ,:5 we rea*$ ,le!1 "s ( our p>ty det]m9$ to s5d _! clo!s across 9 our boat & swim ov]4 ,!y accord+ly plung$ 9 v boldly1 b hurri$ out 9 ! quicke/ "t possible2 & ! *att]+ ( tee?1 %iv]+1 leap+ & runn+ to get w>m aga91 seem$ m befitt+ a ba? 9 ,febru>y1 ?an 9 "o ( ! hotte/ days 9 ,augu/4 8,i _h n[ made f\r diff]5t visits to ! cave1 travel+1 accord+ to ! reckon+ ( my guide1 ab\t fifty-f\r miles4 ,v few visitors explore x z ?or\ghly1 & yet ,i _h n gone ov] "o-?ird ( ! space t has already be5 explor$4 ,! guide says t two hundr$ & fifty diff]5t av5ues are already kn[n1 measur+ ! di/ance ( "o hundr$ & sixty-five miles4 ,! temp]ature ( ! cave is uni=mly ab\t fifty-five degrees1 & its brac+1 invigorat+ "* may be judg$ f ! fact t ladies1 "s ( !m q delicate1 are con/antly tak+ ?is #8long r\te1' travel+ a great] numb] ( miles ?an mo/ m5 w\ld ?9k ( go+ on foot above gr\nd4 8,we felt b little fatigue f our r\gh1 clamb]+ walk ( "s tw5ty miles1 until we em]g$ f ! cave1 & came 9 contact ) out] air4 ,aft] brea?+ ! air ( ! cave f eight ,a4 ,m4 till five ,p4 ,m41 ! atmosph]e seem$ v impure4 ,we c\ld smell e tree1 & plant1 & old log2 & ! air 0 s sultry & sick5+1 t we _h to re/ a:ile at ! m\? be=e />t+ = ! hotel1 "s fifty rods di/ant4 8,i h ?us attempt$ to r$eem my promise 9 reg>d to writ+ y f ! cave4 ,i _h no ?\ght ( writ+ at s great l5g?4 ,if ! cave 7 possess$ ( m9d & s5sibility1 ,i w\ld take (f my hat to x1 & feel+ly ask its p>don = ! great inju/ice ,i h done x 9 ^! lett]s4 ,b z x is1 ,i w only say t ,i h ov] & ov] aga9 ass5t$ to ! tru?fulness & ju/ice ( my guide ,alfr$'s idea ( all descriptions ( ! cave3 #8,writ9 don't d no good4 ,if anybody wants to "k h[ ! cave looks1 !y mu/ come & see x4' ,& ,i c n conceive ( any j\rney = ?is purpose s long & toilsome1 t ^? mak+ x w\ld n be abundantly comp5sat$ = _! pa9s1 by a view ( ?is wond]ful "w ( a wond]-work+ ,god40 ,/ill ano!r visitor1 writ+ to a fri5d 9 ,europe1 says ( ?is wond]ful cave1 8,i _h he>d & read descriptions ( x1 long s9ce2 b ! half1 ! qu>t]1 0 n told4 ,its va/ness1 its l(ty ar*es1 its imm5se rea* into ! bosom ( ! solid e>?1 fill me ) a/oni%m5t4 ,x is1 l ,mont ,blanc1 ,*imborazo1 & ! falls ( ,niag>a1 "o ( ,god's mightie/ works4 ,%all ,i comp>e x ) any?+ ( a simil> description1 :i* y h se5 on ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic8 ) ! grotto ( ,neptune1 or t ( ! ,sibyl1 at ,tivoli1 or ) any ( ,virgil's poetic ,italian ma*9]y8 ,no comp>ison c be in/itut$4 ,i speak1 z y are aw>e1 f p]sonal k4 ,y1 seat$ on ! opposite bank ( ! ,arno1 h se5 me clamb] up1 f ! noisy wat]s bel[1 to ! entrance ( ! f>-fam$ grotto ( ,neptune1 :i* ,i leisurely explor$4 ,9 po9t ( capaci\sness1 t grotto has little m to boa/ ( ?an ! cell> ( a l>ge hotel1 &1 l t1 01 z ,i ?9k1 excavat$ by human h&s4 ,t ( ! ,tiburt9e ,sibyl is /ill m limit$ 9 its dim5sions4 ,inde$1 e cav]n :i* ,i h ev] se51 if plac$ along side ( ?is1 w\ld dw9dle into insignificance40 ,! same writ] says1 8,i c n refra9 f giv+ y an acc\nt ( an incid5t t happ5$ 9 ?is cave la/ spr+4 ,a w$d+ p>ty w5t to ! cave to sp5d ! honeymoon4 ,:ile !re1 !y w5t to visit ^? beautiful portions ( ! cave :i* lie beyond ! riv] #8,jordan4' ,9 ord] to d ?is1 a p]son has to sail d[n ! riv] ne>ly a mile be=e rea*+ ! av5ue :i* leads (f f ! riv] on ! opposite side1 = !re is no %ore1 or l&+-place1 betwe5 ! po9t above on ?is side1 :]e y come to ! riv]1 & t bel[ on ! o!r2 = ! riv] fills ! :ole wid? ( "o av5ue ( ! cave1 & is sev]al feet deep :]e ! side walls desc5d into ! wat]4 ,?is p>ty _h desc5d$ ! riv]1 visit$ ! cave beyond1 & _h aga9 emb>k$ on ! wat] = _! return homew>d4 ,aft] !y _h asc5d$ ! riv] ab\t half-way1 "s ( ! p>ty1 :o 7 9 a high glee1 got into a romp & ov]turn$ ! boat4 ,_! lights 7 all ext+ui%$1 _! mat*es wet1 ! boat fill$ ) wat] & sunk imm$iately2 & !re !y 71 9 #8! blackness ( d>kness1' up to _! *9s 9 wat]4 ,no d\bt1 !y w\ld all h be5 lo/1 _h x n be5 = ! guide's great pres5ce ( m9d4 ,he *>g$ !m to rema9 p]fectly /ill2 =1 if !y mov$ a s+le /ep1 !y might get out ( _! dep? 9 wat]2 & swimm+ w\ld n avail !m1 = !y c\ld n see :]e to swim to4 ,he knew t1 if !y c\ld be> ! coldness ( ! wat] any l5g? ( "t1 !y w\ld be safe2 = ano!r guide w\ld be s5t f ! cave h\se1 to see :at _h become ( !m4 ,& 9 ?is p]il\s condition1 up to _! m\?s 9 wat]1 9 ! mid/ ( d>kness #8m ?an night1' f\r miles "u gr\nd1 !y rema9$ = upw>d ( five h\rs2 at ! end ( :i* "t1 ano!r guide came to _! relief4 ,mat!w1 or ,mat1 ! guide :o rescu$ !m1 told me t1 :5 he got to :]e !y 71 8 fell[-guide1 ,/eph51 7! ,columbus ( ! cave17 0 swimm+ ar\nd ! re/ ( ! p>ty1 *e]+ !m1 & direct+ 8 movem5ts1 :ile swimm+1 by ! s\nd ( _! voices1 :i* 7 rais$1 "o & all1 9 pray] & supplication = deliv]ance60 ,9 conclusion x may be int]e/+ to /ate1 t ,colonel ,croghan1 to ^: family ! ,mammo? cave belongs1 0 a resid5t ( ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,he w5t to ,europe "s tw5ty ye>s ago1 & f\nd himself frequ5tly que/ion$ ( ! wond]s ( ! ,mammo? cave1 a place he _h nev] visit$1 & ( :i* he _h he>d b little at home1 ?\gh liv+ )9 n9ety miles ( x4 ,he w5t !re on 8 return1 & ! idea /ruck him to pur*ase x1 & make x a family inh]itance4 ,9 fifte5 m9utes' b>ga9+ he b\ght x = t5 ?\s& doll>s1 & %ortly aft] he 0 (f]$ "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s = 8 pur*ase4 ,9 8 w he ti$ x up 9 su* a way t x mu/ rema9 9 8 family = two g5]ations1 ?us app5d+ its celebrity to 8 "n4 ,!re are n9ete5 hundr$ acres 9 ! e/ate1 ?\gh ! cave probably runs "u ! prop]ty ( a great numb] ( o!r l& own]s4 ,= fe> ( ^? :o might dig d[n & e/abli% an entrance to ! cave on _! own prop]ty1 7a man's f>m ext5d+ up to ! z5i? & d[n to ! nadir17 great vigilance is ex]cis$ to prev5t su* subt]ranean surveys & measurem5ts z w\ld enable "o to s9k a %aft ) any c]ta9ty4 ,! cave ext5ds t5 or twelve miles 9 sev]al directions1 & !re is probably _m a back-woodsman sitt+ 9 8 hut )9 t5 miles ( ! cave1 q unconsci\s t ! mo/ fa%ionable ladies & g5tlem5 ( ,europe & ,am]ica are walk+ )\t leave "u 8 potatoes & corn4 ,,! ,,great ,,cav]n ,,( ,,gua*>o4 ,pass+ f ! ,mammo? cave 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 let u next notice ! great cav]n ( ,gua*>o 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 z describ$ 9 ! n>rative ( ,humboldt1 :i* is abridg$ 9 ! acc\nt t foll[s4 8,9 a c\ntry :]e ! p are fond ( ! m>vel\s1 a cav]n t gives bir? to a riv]1 & :i* is inhabit$ by ?\s&s ( nocturnal birds1 ! fat ( :i* is us$ to dress ! food ( ! inhabitants1 is a ceaseless topic ( conv]sation & discussion4 ,sc>cely has a /rang] arriv$ at ,cumana1 :5 he is told ( ! /one ( ,araya = ! eyes2 ( ! labor] ( ,ar5as :o suckl$ 8 *ild2 & ( ! cav]n ( ,gua*>o1 :i* is said to be sev]al leagues 9 l5g?2 till he is tir$ ( he>+ ( !m4 8,! ,cueva del ,gua*>o is pi]c$ 9 ! v]tical pr(ile ( a rock4 ,! entrance is t[>d ! s\?1 & =ms a vault eighty feet broad1 & sev5ty-two feet high4 ,! rock1 t surm\nts ! grotto1 is cov]$ ) trees ( gigantic hight4 ,! mammee-tree1 & ! g5ipa ) l>ge & %9+ leaves1 raise _! bran*es v]tically t[>d ! sky2 :ile ^? ( ! c\rb>il & ! ery?r9a =m1 z !y ext5d !mselves1 a ?ick vault ( v]dure4 ,plants ( ! family ( po?os ) succul5t /ems1 oxalises1 & or*ide ( a s+ul> /ructure1 rise 9 ! drie/ cliffs ( ! rocks2 :ile creep+ plants1 wav+ 9 ! w9ds1 are int]wov5 9 fe/oons be=e ! op5+ ( ! cav]n4 ,we di/+ui%$ 9 ^! fe/oons a bignonia ( a violet blue1 ! purple doli*os1 & = ! fir/ "t t magnific5t ol&ra1 ! orange fl[] ( :i* has a fle%y tube m ?an f\r in*es long4 ,! entrances ( grottos1 l ! view ( cascades1 d]ive _! pr9cipal *>m f ! situation1 m or less maje/ic1 9 :i* !y are plac$1 & :i* 9 "s sort det]m9es ! "* ( ! l&scape4 ,:at a contra/ betwe5 ! ,cueva ( ,c>ipe1 & ^? cav]ns ( ! nor? cr[n$ ) oaks & gloomy l>*-trees6 8,b ?is luxury ( vegetation embelli%es n only ! outside ( ! vault1 x appe>s ev5 9 ! ve/ibule ( ! grotto4 ,"o sees ) a/oni%m5t planta9-leav$ heliconias eighte5 feet high1 ! praga palm-tree1 & arboresc5t arums1 foll[ ! banks ( ! riv] ev5 to ^? subt]ranean places4 ,! vegetation cont9ues 9 ! cave ( ,c>ipe1 z 9 ! deep crevices ( ! ,&es1 half exclud$ f ! light ( day2 & does n disappe>1 till1 advanc+ into ! int]ior1 we rea* ?irty or =ty paces f ! entrance4 ,we measur$ ! way by means ( a cord2 & we w5t on ab\t f\r hundr$ & ?irty feet1 )\t be+ oblig$ to light our tor*es4 8,daylight p5etrates into ?is region1 because ! grotto =ms b "o s+le *annel1 :i* keeps ! same direction f s\?-ea/ to nor?-we/4 ,:]e ! light beg9s to fail1 are he>d f af> ! ho>se s\nds ( ! nocturnal birds1 s\nds :i* ! natives ?9k belong exclusively to ^? subt]rane\s places4 ,! gua*>o is ( ! size ( our f[ls1 has ! m\? ( ! goatsuck]s & procnias1 & ! port ( ^? vultures1 ! crook$ beak ( :i* is surr\nd$ ) /iff silky hairs4 ,x =ms a new g5us1 v diff]5t f ! goatsuck] by ! =ce ( its voice1 by ! consid]able /r5g? ( its beak1 conta9+ a d\ble too?1 & by its feet )\t ! membranes t unite ! ant]ior phalanxes ( ! claws4 ,9 its mann]s x has analogies bo? to ! goatsuck]s & ! alp9e cr[4 ,! plumage ( ! gua*>o is ( a d>k blui%-gray1 mix$ ) small /reaks & specks ( black4 ,x is difficult to =m an idea ( ! horrible noise occasion$ by ?\s&s ( ^! birds 9 ! d>k "p ( ! cav]n1 & :i* c only be comp>$ to ! croak+ ( our cr[s1 :i*1 9 ! p9e =e/s ( ! nor?1 live 9 society1 & con/ruct _! ne/s ^u trees1 ! tops ( :i* t\* ea* o!r4 ,! %rill & pi]c+ cries ( ! gua*>oes /rike ^u ! vaults ( ! rocks1 & are repeat$ by ! e*o 9 ! dep? ( ! cav]n4 ,! ,indians %[$ u ! ne/s ( ^! birds1 by fix+ tor*es to ! end ( a long pole4 ,^! ne/s 7 fifty or sixty feet high above our heads1 9 holes 9 ! %ape ( funnels1 ) :i* ! ro( ( ! grotto is pi]c$ l a sieve4 ,! noise increas$ z we advanc$1 & ! birds 7 affright$ by ! light ( ! tor*es ( copal4 ,:5 ?is noise ceas$ ar\nd u1 we he>d at a di/ance ! pla9tive cries ( ! birds roo/+ 9 o!r ramifications ( ! cav]n4 ,x seem$ z if ^! b&s answ]$ ea* o!r alt]nately4 8,! ,indians ent] into ! ,cueva del ,gua*>o once a ye>1 ne> midsumm]1 arm$ ) poles1 by means ( :i* !y de/roy ! great] "p ( ! ne/s4 ,at ?is season sev]al ?\s&s ( birds are kill$2 & ! old ones1 to def5d _! brood1 hov] ar\nd ! heads ( ! savage ,indians1 utt]+ t]rible cries1 :i* w\ld appall any he>t b t ( man 9 an untutor$ /ate4 8,we foll[$1 z we cont9u$ our progress ?r\gh ! cav]n1 ! banks ( ! small riv] :i* issu$ f x1 & is f tw5ty-eight to ?irty feet wide4 ,we walk$ on ! banks1 z f> z ! hills =m$ ( calc>e\s incru/ations p]mitt$ u4 ,:5 ! torr5t w\nd among v high masses ( /alactites1 we 7 (t5 oblig$ to desc5d into its b$1 :i* is only two feet 9 dep?4 ,we le>n$ ) surprise1 t ?is subt]rane\s rivulet is ! orig9 ( ! riv] ,c>ipe1 :i*1 at a few leagues' di/ance1 aft] hav+ jo9$ ! small riv] ( ,santa ,m>ia1 is navigable = canoes4 ,x ent]s into ! riv] ,areo "u ! "n ( ,canno de ,t]ez54 ,we f\nd on ! banks ( ! subt]rane\s rivulet a great quantity ( palm-tree wood1 ! rema9s ( trunks1 on :i* ! ,indians climb to rea* ! ne/s hang+ to ! ro(s ( ! cav]n4 ,! r+s1 =m$ by ! ve/iges ( ! old foot/alks ( ! leaves1 furni% z x 7 ! foot/eps ( a ladd] p]p5dicul>ly plac$4 8,! grotto ( ,c>ipe pres]ves ! same direction1 ! same bread?1 & its primitive hight ( sixty or sev5ty feet1 to ! di/ance ( f\rte5 hundr$ & fifty-eight feet1 accurately measur$4 ,i h nev] se5 a cav]n 9 ei!r cont95t1 ( s uni=m & regul> a con/ruction4 ,we _h great difficulty 9 p]suad+ ! ,indians to pass beyond ! out] "p ( ! grotto1 ! only "p :i* !y annually visit to collect ! fat4 ,! :ole au?ority ( ! prie/s 0 necess>y1 to induce !m to advance z f> z ! spot :]e ! soil rises abruptly at an incl9ation ( sixty degrees1 & :]e ! torr5t =ms a small subt]rane\s cascade4#c ,! natives connect my/ic ideas ) ?is cave1 inhabit$ by nocturnal birds2 !y believe1 t ! s\ls ( _! ance/ors soj\rn 9 ! deep recesses ( ! cav]n4 #8,man1' say !y1 #8%\ld avoid places :i* are enlight5$ nei!r by ! sun nor by ! moon4' ,to g & jo9 ! gua*>oes1 is to rejo9 _! fa!rs1 is to die4 ,! magicians & ! poison]s p]=m _! nocturnal tricks at ! entrance ( ! cav]n1 to conjure ! *ief ( ! evil spirits4 ----- ,footnote #c3 ,we f9d ?is ph5om5on ( a subt]ranean cascade1 b on a mu* l>g] scale1 9 ,engl&1 at ,yordas cave1 ne> ,k+sdale1 9 ,york%ire4 ----- 8,at ! po9t :]e ! riv] =ms ! subt]rane\s cascade1 a hill cov]$ ) vegetation1 :i* is opposite ! op5+ ( ! grotto1 pres5ts itself 9 a v picturesque mann]4 ,x appe>s at ! extremity ( a /raight passage1 two hundr$ & =ty toises 9 l5g?4 ,! /alactites1 :i* desc5d f ! vault1 & :i* resemble columns susp5d$ 9 ! air1 display !mselves on a back-gr\nd ( v]dure4 ,! op5+ ( ! cav]n appe>$ s+ul>ly contract$1 :5 we saw x ab\t ! middle ( ! day1 illum9$ by ! vivid light reflect$ at once f ! sky1 ! plants1 & ! rocks4 ,! di/ant light ( day =m$ some:at ( a magical contra/ ) ! d>kness t surr\nd$ u 9 ^? va/ cav]ns4 ,we climb$1 n )\t "s difficulty1 ! small hill1 :5ce ! subt]rane\s rivulet desc5ds4 ,we saw t ! grotto 0 p]ceptibly contract$1 reta9+ only =ty feet 9 its hight2 & t x cont9u$ /ret*+ to ! nor!a/1 )\t deviat+ f its primitive direction1 :i* is p>allel to t ( ! great valley ( ,c>ipe4 8,! mission>ies1 ) all _! au?ority1 c\ld n prevail on ! ,indians to p5etrate f>!r into ! cav]n4 ,z ! vault grew l[]1 ! cries ( ! gua*>oes became m %rill4 ,we 7 oblig$ to yield to ! pusillanimity ( our guides1 & trace back our /eps4 ,we foll[$ ! c\rse ( ! torr5t to g out ( ! cav]n4 ,be=e our eyes 7 dazzl$ ) ! light ( day1 we saw )\t ! grotto1 ! wat] ( ! riv] sp>kl+ amid ! foliage ( ! trees t conceal$ x4 ,x 0 l a picture plac$ 9 ! di/ance1 & to :i* ! m\? ( ! cav]n s]v$ z a frame4 ,hav+ at l5g? rea*$ ! entrance1 & seat$ ourselves on ! bank ( ! rivulet1 we re/$ aft] our fatigues4 ,we 7 glad to be beyond ! ho>se cries ( ! birds1 & to leave a place :]e d>kness does n (f] ev5 ! *>ms ( sil5ce & tranquillity40 ,,f+al',s ,,cave1 ,,or ,,gr& ,,/affa ,,cav]n4 ,/affa1 ab\t sev5 miles nor?-nor?-ea/ ( ,jona1 & equidi/ant we/w>d f ! %ores ( ,mull1 ab\t "o mile 9 l5g?1 & half a mile 9 bread?1 is not$ = ! basaltic pill>s :i* support ! major "p ( ! isl&1 & = ! magnific5t spectacle af=d$ by ! cave ( ,f+al1 "o ( ! mo/ spl5did works ( nature4 ,not)/&+ ! contiguity ( ?is wond]ful isl& to ,mull & ,iona1 & ! num]\s vessels :i* navigate ^! seas1 x 0 unkn[n to ! _w 9 g5]al1 & ev5 to mo/ ( ! neighbor+ isl&]s1 until ne> ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 :5 ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 !n on 8 voyage to ,icel&1 9 consequ5ce ( in=mation receiv$ 9 ! s\nd ( ,iona1 f "s g5tlem5 ( ,mull1 0 induc$ to sail ?i!r4 ,x is1 inde$1 slightly m5tion$ by ,bu*anan2 b assur$ly x 0 n equally dead to fame at ! "t ! ,norwegians _h sway 9 ^! p>ts1 = f !m x d]ives its "n ( ,/affa4 ,! basaltic pill>s /& 9 natural colonnades1 mo/ly above fifty feet high1 9 ! s\?-we/]n "p1 ^u a firm basis ( solid un%ap5 rock3 above ^!1 ! /ratum1 :i* rea*es to ! soil ( ! isl&1 v>ies 9 ?ickness1 9 proportion to ! di/ribution ( ! surface into hill & valley4 ,! pill>s are ( ?ree1 f\r & m sides2 b ! numb] ( ^? ) five & six exce$s t ( ! o!rs2 "o ( sev5 sides measur$ by ,sir ,joseph1 0 f\r feet & five in*es 9 diamet]4 ,on ! we/ side ( ,/affa is a small bay1 ! spot :]e boats usually l&4 ,9 ?is neighborhood occurs ! fir/ gr\p ( pill>s3 !y are small1 & in/ead ( be+ plac$ upright1 are recumb5t on _! sides1 & =m a segm5t ( a circle4 ,fur!r on is a small cave1 above :i* pill>s aga9 are se51 ( some:at l>g] dim5sions1 :i* incl9e 9 all directions2 9 "o place 9 p>ticul>1 a small mass ( !m mu* resembles ! ribs ( a %ip4 ,beyond ! cave is ! fir/ cont9u$ range ( pill>s1 l>g] ?an ! =m]1 & opposite to !m is a small isl& call$ ,bhua*aile1 7pron\nc$ ,boo-%a-'lay17 or ! ,h]dsman's isle1 sep>at$ f ! ma9 by a *annel n _m fa?oms wide4 ,! :ole ( ?is islet is compos$ ( pill>s )\t any /rata above !m2 !y are small1 b by mu* ! neate/ =m$ ( any 9 ?is qu>t]4 ,! fir/ division ( ?is islet1 = at high tide x is divid$ into two p>ts1 makes a k9d ( cone1 ! pill>s conv]g+ toge!r t[>d ! c5t]4 ,on ! o!r side ! pill>s are 9 g5]al recumb5t2 & 9 ! front1 next ! ma91 ! beautiful mann] 9 :i* !y are jo9$ is visible f _! ev5 extremities3 all ^! h _! transv]se sections exact1 & _! surfaces smoo?2 b ) ! l>g] pill>s ! rev]se is ! case1 & !y are crack$ 9 all directions4 ,! ma9 isl& opposite ! ,boo-%a-'lay1 & !nce t[>d ! nor?-we/1 is entirely support$ by ranges ( pill>s1 pretty erect1 :i*1 al?\gh n app>5tly tall1 f _! n be+ uncov]$ to ! base1 are ( l>ge diamet]2 at _! feet is an irregul> pavem5t1 made by ! upp] sides ( su* z h be5 brok5 (f4 ,?is ext5ds z f> "u ! wat] z ! eye c rea*4 ,9 proce$+ along ! %ore1 ! sup]b cav]n ( ,f+al appe>s1 = su* is ! d5om9ation giv5 x by ! ,highl&]s1 to :om x is kn[n4 ,x is support$ on ea* side by ranges ( columns1 & is ro($ by ! bottoms ( su* z h be5 brok5 away4 ,f ! int]/ices ( ! ro( a yell[ /alactitic matt] has exud$1 :i* precisely def9es ! diff]5t angles2 &1 v>y+ ! color1 t5ds to augm5t ! elegance ( its appe>ance4 ,:at adds to ! gr&eur ( ! sc5e1 ! :ole cave is light$ f )\t1 9 su* a mann]1 t ! fur!/ extremity is pla9ly di/+ui%$2 :ile ! air )91 be+ con/antly 9 motion1 ow+ to ! flux & reflux ( ! tides1 is p]fectly dry & :olesome1 & entirely exempt f ! damp vapors to :i* natural cav]ns are g5]ally subject4 ,! foll[+ are its dim5sions3 ,feet4 ,94 ,l5g? ( ! cave f ! rock )\t1 #cga #f ,l5g? ( ! cave f ! pit* ( ! ar*1 #bej #j ,bread? ( ! cave at ! m\?1 #ec #g ,bread? ( ! cave at ! fur!r end1 #bj #j ,hight ( ! ar* at ! m\?1 #aag #f ,hight ( ! ar* at ! end1 #gj #j ,hight ( an outside pill>1 #ci #f ,hight ( "o at ! nor?-we/ corn]1 #ed #j ,dep? ( wat] at ! m\?1 #ah #j ,dep? ( wat] at ! extremity1 #i #j ,! cave runs to ! rock 9 ! direction1 by compass1 nor?-nor?-ea/4 ,! m9d c h>dly =m an idea m magnific5t ?an su* a space4 ,&1 inde$1 speak+ ( ! g5]al aspect ( ,/affa1 ,sir ,joseph is l$1 by 8 en?usiasm1 to make ! foll[+ reflections3 8,comp>$ to ?is1 :at are ! ca!drals or ! palaces built by man6 m]e models or play?+s1 imitations z dim9utive z 8 works w always be1 :5 comp>$ to ^? ( ,nature4 ,:]e is n[ ! boa/ ( ! ar*itect6 regul>ity1 ! only "p 9 :i* he fanci$ himself to exce$ 8 mi/ress1 ,nature1 is "h f\nd 9 h] possession1 & "h x has be5 left undescrib$ = ages4 ,is n ?is ! s*ool :]e ! art 0 orig9ally /udi$8 ,& :at has be5 add$ to ?is by ! :ole ,grecian s*ool8 ,a capital to ornam5t ! column ( ,nature1 ( :i* !y c\ld execute a model only2 & = t v capital !y 7 oblig$ to a bu% ( acan?us4 ,h[ amply does ,nature repay ^? :o /udy h] wond]ful works40 ,su* 7 8 feel+s1 & 9 ?is way did he moralize1 :5 proce$+ along %ore1 & tread+ z x 7 on ano!r ,giant's ,causeway1 he arriv$ at ! m\? ( ! cave4 ,to ! nor?-we/ are f\nd ! highe/ range ( pill>s4 ,"h !y are b>e to _! base1 & ! /ratum b5ea? is visible1 z x rises sev]al feet above ! wat]4 ,! surface ( x is r\gh1 ) frequ5t l>ge pieces ( /one /ick+ 9 x1 z if half imm]s$4 ,! base1 :5 brok51 appe>s to be compos$ ( _m het]og5\s p>ts1 & mu* resembles lava4 ,_m ( ! float+ /ones are ( a simil> sub/ance ) ! pill>s1 a co>se k9d ( basalt1 less beautiful ?an t ( ! ,giant's ,causeway3 ! color is a dirty br[n4 ,! :ole ( ?is /ratum dips gradually to ! s\?-ea/4 ,! ?ickness ( ! /ratum ( lava-l matt] bel[ ! pill>s1 ! hight ( ! pill>s1 & ! ?ickness ( ! sup]9cumb5t /ratum1 at ?ree diff]5t places we/w>d ( ! m\? ( ! cave1 beg9n+ ) ! corn] pill> ( ! cave1 are describ$ z foll[s by ,sir ,joseph ,banks3 ,feet4 ,94 ,feet4 ,94 ,feet4 ,94 ,/ratum bel[1 #aa #j #ag #a #ai #h ,hight ( pill>s1 #ed #j #ej #j #ee #a ,/ratum above1 #fa #f #ea #a #ed #g ,! /ratum above ! columns is uni=mly ! same1 consi/+ ( numb]less small pill>s1 b5d+ & incl9+ 9 all directions1 sometimes s irregul>ly1 t ! /ones c only be said to h an incl9ation to assume a column> =m2 9 o!rs m regul>ly2 b nev] break+ into1 or di/urb+ ! /ratum ( l>ge pill>s1 ^: tops keep ev]y:]e an uni=m l9e4 ,on ! opposite side ( ! isl& is a cav]n1 call$ ,oua-na-sc>ve1 or ! ,cormorant's cave2 "h ! /ratum "u ! pill>s is lift$ up v high1 & ! pill>s are consid]ably less ?an at ! nor?-we/ side4 ,beyond1 a bay cuts deep into ! isl&1 r5d]+ x n m ?an a qu>t] ( a mile across4 ,on ! sides ( ?is bay1 especially beyond a little valley1 :i* almo/ divides ! isl&1 are two /ages ( small pill>s1 ) a /ratum betwe51 exactly resembl+ t above1 =m$ ( innum]able little pill>s %ak5 out ( _! places1 & lean+ 9 all directions4 ,beyond ?is1 ! pill>s totally cease4 ,! rock is ( a d>k-br[n /one1 )\t regul>ity1 f ! bay along ! s\?-ea/ end ( ! isl&2 beyond :i*1 a disposition to column> =mation is aga9 manife/$1 ext5d+ f ! we/ side1 b 9 an irregul> mann]1 to ! b5d+ pill>s fir/ describ$4 ,,o!r ,,grottos ,,& ,,cav]ns4 ,!re are few c\ntries :i* h n to boa/ ( a v>iety ( natural excavations2 & ^! h1 f _! ext5t1 /ructure1 & ! curi\s ph5om5a !y exhibit1 9 ! =mation ( petrifactions1 c41 be5 at all times objects ( popul> att5tion4 ,among ^? p>ticul>ly des]v+ ( notice are ! foll[+4 ,! volcanic c\ntry bord]+ on ,rome1 is peculi>ly div]sifi$ by natural cavities ( great ext5t & coolness2 on :i* la/ acc\nt x is relat$ by ,s5eca1 t ! ,romans 7 accu/om$ to erect seats 9 _! vic9ity1 to enjoy _! refre%+ *illness 9 ! summ] season4 ,he gives a p>ticul> acc\nt ( two su* grottos belong+ to ! villa ( ,vatia2 & x 0 9 a place ( ?is k9d t ,tib]ius 0 ne>ly de/roy$ :ile at supp]4 ,its ro( sudd5ly gave way1 & buri$ sev]al ( 8 att5dants 9 its ru9s2 :i* s al>m$ ! o!rs1 t !y fl$ & ab&on$ ! emp]or1 ) ! exception ( ,sejanus1 :o1 /oop+ on 8 h&s & knees1 & cov]+ ! body ( ,tib]ius ) 8 own1 receiv$ all ! /ones :i* fell at t "p f ! ro(1 insomu* t1 al?\gh he himself su/a9$ consid]able injury1 ! emp]or escap$ unhurt4 ,! grottos ( ! ,cev5nes m\nta9s1 9 l[] ,langu$oc1 are bo? num]\s & ext5sive4 ,! pr9cipal "o is n to be explor$ )\t mu* precaution1 & )\t a safe guide4 ,! entrance1 :i* is l[ & n>r[1 leads to a spaci\s amphi!at]1 ! petrifactions hang+ f ! ro( ( :i* h a mo/ spl5did effect by ! light ( tor*es4 ,h5ce ! visitor has to desc5d to sev]al *amb]s1 "o ( :i* is nam$ ! ,*amb] ( ! ,w9ds2 ano!r1 ( ,e*o2 ano!r1 ( ! ,cascade2 ano!r1 aga91 ( ! ,/atue1 c42 on acc\nt ( _! exhibit+ ^! diff]5t ph5om5a4 ,9 ! grotto ( ,valori1 at a small di/ance1 ! diff]5t natural curiosities :i* are to be f\nd at e /ep1 may be view$ at leisure1 & )\t appreh5sion1 z ! visitor nev] loses sight ( ! light at ! entrance1 & is1 !re=e1 n "u any dread ( n return+ 9 safety4 ,"h he is gratifi$ by a view ( ! mo/ s+ul> petrifactions1 repres5t+ fl[]s1 fruits1 bee-hives1 &1 9 %ort1 a v>iety ( objects1 9 _m ( :i* ! resemblance is ne>ly z accurate z if !y _h be5 sculptur$4 ,9 a wood1 ab\t five leagues f ,besanon1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,france call$ ,fran*e ,comte1 an op5+1 =m$ by two masses ( rock1 leads to a cav]n m ?an n9e hundr$ feet b5ea? ! level ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is 9 wid? sixty feet1 & eighty feet high at ! entrance1 & exhibits inside an oval cavity ( "o hundr$ & ?irty-five feet 9 bread?1 & "o hundr$ & sixty-eight 9 l5g?4 ,to ! "r ( ! entrance is a deep & n>r[ op5+1 bord]$ ) fe/oons ( ice1 :i*1 di/ill+ 9 successive drops on ! bottom ( ! cav]n1 =m a mass ( ab\t ?irty feet 9 diamet]4 ,a simil> "o1 b some:at small]1 produc$ by ! wat] :i* drips 9 less abundance f ! imp]ceptible fissures 9 ! ro(1 is se5 on ! left4 ,! gr\nd ( ! cav]n is p]fectly smoo?1 & cov]$ ) ice eighte5 in*es ?ick2 b ! top1 on ! outside1 is a dry & /ony soil1 cov]$ ) trees1 & on a level ) ! re/ ( ! wood4 ,! cold )9 ?is cav]n is s great1 t1 h[ev] w>m ! ext]nal atmosph]e may be :5 x is visit$1 x is impossible to rema9 9 x = any l5g? ( "t4 ,^! natural ice-h\ses are n unfrequ5t 9 ,france & ,italy1 & supply ?is agreeable luxury at a v *eap rate4 ,?us1 9 ! same prov9ce1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ves\l1 is a cav]n :i*1 9 ! hot season1 :5 x is eag]ly s\ght1 produces m ice 9 "o day1 ?an c be c>ri$ away 9 eight4 ,x measures ?irty-five feet 9 l5g?1 & 9 wid? sixty4 ,! l>ge masses ( ice :i* hang p5d5t f ! ro(1 h a v pleas+ effect4 ,:5 mi/s are obs]v$ 9 ?is cav]n1 !y are reg>d$ by ! neighbor+ peasantry z infallible progno/ics ( ra92 & x is wor?y ( obs]vation1 t al?\gh ! wat] 9 ! int]ior is always froz5 9 ! summ]1 x becomes liquid 9 ! w9t] season4 ,a grotto ne> ,d\se1 also 9 ,fran*e ,comte1 =ms a simil> ice-h\se1 & is rem>kable on acc\nt ( ! v>i\s =ms ( its congelations1 :i* repres5t a s]ies ( columns1 su/a9+ a curi\s vault1 :i* appe>s to be c>v$ ) figures ( m51 animals1 trees1 c4 ,! cav]ns ( ,gibralt> are num]\s1 & sev]al ( !m ( great ext5t4 ,! "o m p>ticul>ly des]v+ att5tion is call$ ,/4 ,mi*ael's cave1 situat$ on ! s\!rn "p ( ! m\nta94 ,its entrance is "o ?\s& feet above ! level ( ! sea1 & is =m$ by a rapid slope ( e>?1 :i* has fall5 9 at v>i\s p]iods1 & :i* leads to a spaci\s hall1 incru/$ ) sp>1 & app>5tly support$ 9 ! c5t] by a l>ge /alactitical pill>4 ,to ?is succe$s a long s]ies ( caves1 ( difficult access4 ,! passages lead+ f ! "o to ! o!r are ov] precipices1 :i* c n be pass$ )\t ! aid ( ropes & scal+-ladd]s4 ,sev]al ( ^! caves are ?ree hundr$ feet b5ea? ! upp] "o2 b at ?is dep? ! smoke ( ! tor*es c>ri$ by ! guides becomes s disagreeable1 t ! visitor is oblig$ reluctantly to give up ! pursuit1 & leave o!r caves unexplor$4 ,9 ^! cav]n\s recesses1 ! process & =mation ( ! /alactites is to be trac$1 f ! flimsy quilt-l cone susp5d$ f ! ro(1 to ! robu/ trunk ( a pill>1 ?ree feet 9 diamet]1 :i* rises f ! floor1 & seems int5d$ by nature to support ! ro( f :i* x orig9at$4 ,! v>iety ( =ms :i* ?is matt] takes 9 its diff]5t situations & directions1 r5d]s ?is subt]rane\s sc5]y /rik+ly grotesque1 & 9 "s places beautifully picturesque4 ,! /alactites ( ^! caves1 :5 ne> ! surface ( ! m\nta91 are ( a br[ni% yell[ color2 b1 9 desc5d+ t[>d ! l[] caves1 !y lose ! d>kness ( _! color1 :i* is by degrees %ad$ (f to a pale yell[4 ,fragm5ts are brok5 (f1 &1 :5 wr\ght into diff]5t =ms1 & poli%$1 are beautifully /reak$ & m>bl$4 ,ab\t sev5 ,engli% miles f ,adl]sb]g1 9 ,c>niola1 is a rem>kable cav]n1 nam$ ,/4 ,magdal5's cave4 ,! road be+ cov]$ ) /ones & bu%es1 is v pa9ful2 b ! great fatigue x occasions is ov]balanc$ by ! satisfaction ( see+ s uncommon a cav]n4 ,! visitor fir/ desc5ds into a hole1 :]e ! e>? appe>s to h fall5 9 = t5 paces1 :5 he rea*es ! entrance1 :i* resembles a fissure caus$ by an e>?quake1 9 a huge rock4 ,! tor*es are "h light$1 ! cave be+ extremely d>k4 ,?is wond]ful natural excavation is divid$ into sev]al l>ge halls1 & o!r ap>tm5ts4 ,! va/ numb] ( pill>s by :i* x is ornam5t$ give x a sup]b appe>ance1 & are extremely beautiful3 !y are z :ite z sn[1 & h a semi-transp>5t lu/]4 ,! bottom is ( ! same mat]ials2 insomu* t ! visitor may fancy he is walk+ b5ea? ! ru9s ( "s /ately palace1 amid noble pill>s & columns1 p>tly mutilat$1 & p>tly entire4 ,sp>ry icicles are ev]y:]e se5 susp5d$ f ! ro(1 9 "s places resembl+ wax tap]s1 :i*1 f _! radiant :it5ess1 appe> extremely beautiful4 ,all ! inconv5i5ce "h arises f ! inequality ( ! surface1 :i* may make ! spectator /umble :ile he is contemplat+ ! beauties above & ar\nd him4 ,9 ! neighborhood ( ! village ( ,szelitze1 9 ,upp] ,hung>y1 !re is a v s+ul> excavation4 ,! adjac5t c\ntry is hilly1 & ab\nds ) woods1 ! air be+ cold & p5etrat+4 ,! entrance into ?is cav]n1 front+ ! s\?1 is upw>d ( "o hundr$ feet 9 hight1 & =ty-eight 9 bread?1 consequ5tly suffici5tly wide to receive ! s\? w9d1 :i* "h g5]ally bl[s ) great viol5ce2 b ! subt]rane\s passages1 :i* consi/ entirely ( solid rock1 w9d+ r\nd1 /ret* /ill f>!r to ! s\?4 ,z f> z !y h be5 explor$1 _! hight has be5 f\nd to be ?ree hundr$ feet1 & _! bread? ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty4 ,! mo/ inexplicable s+ul>ity1 h[ev]1 is1 t 9 ! mid/ ( w9t] ! air 9 ?is cav]n is w>m2 & :5 ! heat ( ! sun )\t is sc>cely supportable1 ! cold )9 is n only v pi]c+1 b s int5se1 t ! ro( is cov]$ ) icicles ( ! size ( a l>ge cask1 :i*1 spread+ into ramifications1 =m v grotesque figures4 ,:5 ! sn[ melts 9 spr+1 ! inside ( ! cave1 :]e its surface is expos$ to ! s\? sun1 emits a pellucid wat]1 :i* congeals in/antly z x drops1 & ?us =ms ! above icicles3 ev5 ! wat] :i* falls f !m on ! s&y gr\nd1 freezes 9 an in/ant4 ,x is obs]v$1 t ! great] ! heat is )\t1 ! m int5se is ! cold )92 s t1 9 ! dog-days1 e "p ( ?is cav]n is cov]$ ) ice4 ,9 autumn1 :5 ! nights become cold1 ! ice beg9s to dissolve1 insomu* t1 :5 ! w9t] sets 91 x is no long] to be se52 ! cav]n !n is p]fectly dry1 & has a mild & g5tle w>m?4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n surpris+ t sw>ms ( flies1 gnats1 bats1 owls1 & ev5 great numb]s ( foxes & h>es1 resort ?i!r1 z to _! w9t] retreat1 & rema9 !re till ! return ( spr+4 ,,m9es1 ,,metals1 ,,gems1 ,c4 8,?r\gh d>k retreats pursue ! w9d+ ore1 ,se>* nature's dep?s1 & view ! b\ndless /ore2 ,! secret cause 9 tuneful numb]s s+1 ,h[ metals fir/ 7 fram$1 & :5ce !y spr+3 ,:e!r ! active sun1 ) *ymic flames1 ,?r\gh por\s e>? transmits 8 g5ial beams ,) heat impregnat+ ! womb ( night ,! (fspr+ %9es ) 8 pat]nal light3 ,or :e!r1 urg$ by subt]rane\s flames1 ,! e>? f]m5ts & fl[s 9 liquid /reams2 ,purg$ f _! dross1 ! nobl] p>ts ref9e1 ,receive new =ms1 & ) new beauty %9e3 ,or :e!r by creation fir/ !y sprung1 ,:5 yet unpois$ ! _w's great fabric hung3 ,metals ! bases ( ! e>? 7 made1 ,! b>s on :i* its fix$ f\ndation's laid3 ,all second causes !y disda9 to own1 ,& f ! ,almighty's fiat sprung alone40 ,! transition f ! cav]ns & caves ( ! e>?1 to its ,,m9es1 & ! v>i\s metals & gems !y conta91 is bo? natural & easy2 & hav+ dwelt on ! =m]1 we propose next to adv]t to ! latt]4 ,by ! ^w 8m9es0 we und]/& ^? excavations1 9 :i* metals1 m9]als & preci\s /ones are s\ght & f\nd2 & accord+ to ! sub/ances :i* !y yield !y are v>i\sly spok5 ( z 8gold m9es10 8silv] m9es10 8lead m9es10 c41 c4 ,! ri*e/ & mo/ celebrat$ gold & silv] m9es are ^? ( ,mexico & ,p]u1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ^? lately discov]$ 9 ,cali=nia & ,au/ralia4 ,iron m9es are m abundant1 or at lea/ m abundantly work$1 9 ,europe ?an else:]e1 ?\gh ! rapid increase ( iron m9+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates gives promise t our c\ntry may 9 ?is respect "s day rival ! old _w4 ,copp] m9es h be5 f\nd *iefly 9 ,engl&1 ,sw$5 & ,d5m>k2 & ( late ye>s copp] has be5 f\nd to be abundant 9 ! region ( our nor!rn lakes4 ,lead & t9 m9es are num]\s 9 ,engl&1 ! latt] *iefly 9 ! c\nty ( ,cornwall2 & lead is also f\nd 9 abundance 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,quicksilv] m9es ab\nd pr9cipally 9 ,hung>y1 ,spa91 ,friuli1 9 ! ,v5etian t]ritories1 & 9 ,p]u4 ,diamond m9es are ma9ly 9 ,brazil1 & "s 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies2 & salt m9es are 9 ,pol&4 ,to expla9 ! /ructure ( m9es1 x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! int]nal p>ts ( ! e>?1 z f> z !y h be5 inve/igat$1 d n consi/ ( any "o uni=m sub/ance1 b ( v>i\s /rata1 or b$s ( sub/ances1 extremely diff]5t 9 _! appe>ances1 specific gravities & *emical qualities1 "o f ano!r4 ,nei!r are ^! /rata simil> to ea* o!r1 ei!r 9 _! nature or appe>ance1 9 diff]5t c\ntries2 insomu* t1 ev5 9 ! %ort ext5t ( half a mile1 sometimes1 ! /rata w be f\nd q diff]5t 9 "o f :at !y are 9 ano!r place4 ,z little are !y ! same ei!r 9 dep? or solidity4 ,innum]able cracks & fissures are f\nd 9 all ( !m2 & ^! aga9 are s entirely diff]5t 9 size & %ape1 t x is impossible to =m any inf]5ce f :at may h be5 met )1 relative to t :i* rema9s to be explor$4 ,9 ,cornwall1 ! mo/ common op9ion ent]ta9$ by ! m9]s1 is1 t crude & immature m9]als n\ri% & fe$ ! ores ) :i* !y are int]mix$ 9 ! m9es2 & t ! m9]als !mselves w1 9 process ( "t1 be conv]t$ into ores productive ( ^? metals to :i* !y h ! ne>e/ aff9ity1 & ) :i* !y are mo/ closely int]m+l$4 ,& a di/+ui%$ pr(essor1 :o is famili> alike ) geology1 *emi/ry & m9]alogy1 aft] visit+ ! m9+ di/ricts ( ,cali=nia1 has giv5 x z 8 op9ion1 t gold is con/antly be+ =m$ !re1 by "s p[]ful ag5cy ( nature :i* is /ill & /eadily at "w4 ,& z a some:at k9dr$ view1 ,mr4 ,price1 9 8 m9]alogy ( ,cornwall1 ?9ks x is mo/ reasonable to conclude1 t metals 7 made & plant$ 9 ve9s1 at1 or v soon aft]1 ! creation ( ! _w2 b t1 9 common ) all o!r matt]1 !y are subject to a degree ( fluctuation1 approa*+ to1 or rec$+ f1 _! ultimate degree ( p]fection1 ei!r quick] or sl[]1 z !y are ( great] or less solid & durable frame & con/itution4 ,he supposes 9 e metal a peculi> magnetism1 & an approximation ( p>ticles ( ! same specific nature1 by :i* its compon5t pr9ciples are drawn & unit$ toge!r2 m p>ticul>ly ! matt]s left by ! decomposition ( ! wat]s pass+ ?r\gh ! contigu\s e>?s or /rata1 & deposit$ 9 _! prop] nidus or receptacle1 until1 by ! accretion ( m or less ( its homog5e\s p>ticles1 ! metallic ve9 may be d5om9at$ ei!r ri* or b>r54 ,,diamond ,,m9es4 ,! ^w diamond1 is suppos$ to be a corruption ( ! ^w adamant1 9 allusion to ! great h>dness ( ?is gem1 :i* is ! mo/ valuable ( all ! preci\s /ones4 ,diamonds 7 orig9ally discov]$ 9 ,b5gal1 & 9 ! isl& ( ,borneo2 & ab\t ! ye> #agbj1 7 f\nd 9 ,brazil4 ,!y are f\nd ( all colors2 & ^? :i* are colorless1 or ( "s decid$ t9t1 are mo/ e/eem$1 ?\gh ! latt] k9d are v r>e4 ,^? :i* are slightly discolor$ are ! lea/ valuable4 ,! specific gravity ( ! diamond1 is1 to t ( wat]1 9 ! proportion ( ab\t ?ree & a half to "o4 ,x is ! h>de/ ( all kn[n sub/ances1 & c only be cut & poli%$ by its own du/ or p[d]4 ,! art ( splitt+ or cutt+ & poli%+ ?is gem1 ?\gh probably ( remote antiquity 9 ,asia1 0 fir/ introduc$ into ,europe 9 #adhf1 by ,l\is ,b]ghan1 ( ,bruges1 :o accid5tally discov]$ t by rubb+ two diamonds toge!r1 _! surfaces might be r5d]$ smoo?4 ,& ! f9e p[d] :i* is rubb$ (f by su* friction1 s]ves to gr9d & poli% !m4 ,! diamond is ( ! nature ( *>coal1 or pure c>bon1 & is combu/ible3 "u ! bl[-pipe x burns away 9 a blue1 lamb5t flame4 ,! high value atta*$ to diamonds does n dep5d s mu* on _! beauty & h>dness1 z on _! great sc>city1 & ! labor & exp5se necess>y 9 procur+ !m4 ,hi!rto !y h be5 obs]v$ only 9 ! torrid zone2 & ,brazil is ! only "p ( ,am]ica 9 :i* !y h be5 f\nd4 ,! hi/orical acc\nt ( _! discov]y 9 t c\ntry is z foll[s4 ,ne> ! capital ( ! t]ritory ( ,s]ro d ,frio fl[s ! riv] ,milho ,v]de1 :]e x 0 ! cu/om to dig = gold1 or r to extract x f ! alluvial soil4 ,! m9]s1 dur+ _! se>* = gold1 f\nd sev]al diamonds1 :i* !y 7 induc$ to lay aside 9 consequ5ce ( _! p>ticul> %ape & great beauty1 al?\gh !y 7 ignorant ( _! intr9sic value4 ,! diamond works on ! riv] ,jigitonhonha are describ$ by ,mr4 ,mawe z ! mo/ important 9 ! ,brazilian t]ritory4 ,! riv]1 9 dep? f ?ree to n9e feet1 is int]sect$ by a canal1 b5ea? ! head ( :i* x is /opp$ by an embankm5t ( sev]al ?\s& bags ( s&1 its deep] p>ts be+ laid dry by *a9-pumps4 ,! mud is n[ wa%$ away1 & ! cascalhao1 or e>? :i* conta9s ! diamonds1 dug up1 & remov$ to a conv5i5t place = wa%+4 ,! process1 :i* is z foll[s1 is se5 9 ! cut on ! next page4 ,a %$1 consi/+ ( upright po/s :i* support a ?at*$ ro(1 is erect$ 9 ! =m ( a p>allelogram1 9 l5g? ab\t n9ety feet1 & 9 wid? =ty-five4 ,d[n ! middle ( its area a curr5t ( wat] is convey$ ?r\gh a canal cov]$ ) /rong planks1 on :i* ! e>? is laid to ! ?ickness ( two or ?ree feet4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! area is a floor+ ( planks1 f twelve to fifte5 feet 9 l5g?1 imb$d$ 9 clay1 ext5d+ ! :ole l5g? ( ! %$1 & hav+ a g5tle slope f ! canal4 ,?is floor+ is divid$ into ab\t tw5ty comp>tm5ts1 or tr\ghs1 ea* ab\t ?ree feet wide1 by means ( planks plac$ on _! edges2 & ! upp] ends ( ^! tr\ghs communicate ) ! canal1 be+ s =m$ t wat] is admitt$ into !m betwe5 two planks ab\t an in* sep>ate f ea* o!r4 ,?r\gh ?is op5+ ! curr5t falls ab\t six in*es into ! tr\gh1 & may be direct$ to any "p ( x1 or /opp$ at pleasure1 by means ( a small quantity ( clay4 ,along ! l[] ends ( ! tr\ghs a small *annel is dug1 to c>ry (f ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diamond ,,wa%+ ,,9 ,,brazil4 ,on ! heap ( e>?1 at equal di/ances1 ?ree high *airs are plac$ = ! ov]se]s1 :o are no soon] seat$ ?an ! negroes ent] ! tr\ghs1 ea* provid$ ) a rake ( a peculi> =m1 & hav+ a %ort h&le1 ) :i* he rakes into ! tr\gh f fifty to eighty p\nds' weight ( ! e>?4 ,! wat] be+ !n all[$ to pass 9 by degrees1 ! e>? is spread abroad1 & cont9ually rak$ up to ! head ( ! tr\gh1 s z to be kept 9 con/ant motion4 ,?is op]ation is cont9u$ = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 :5 ! wat] beg9s to run cle>]2 &1 ! e>?y p>ticles hav+ be5 wa%$ away1 ! gravel-l matt] is rak$ up to ! end ( ! tr\gh4 ,at l5g? ! curr5t fl[+ q cle>1 ! l>ge/ /ones are ?r[n out1 & aft]w>d ^? ( an inf]ior size2 ! :ole is !n exam9$ ) great c>e = diamonds4 ,:5 a negro f9ds "o1 he in/antly /&s upright1 & claps 8 h&s2 he !n ext5ds !m1 hold+ ! gem betwe5 ! =e-f+] & ! ?umb4 ,an ov]se] receives x f him1 & deposits x 9 a b[l1 susp5d$ f ! c5t] ( ! /ructure1 & half fill$ ) wat]4 ,9 ?is vessel all ! diamonds f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( ! day are deposit$1 & at ! close ( ! "w are tak5 out & deliv]$ to ! pr9cipal ov]se]1 :o1 aft] !y h be5 weigh$1 regi/]s ! p>ticul>s 9 a book kept = t purpose4 ,:5 a negro is s =tunate z to f9d a diamond ( ! weight ( sev5te5 c>ats & a half1 ! foll[+ c]emony takes place3 he is cr[n$ ) a wrea? ( fl[]s1 & c>ri$ 9 procession to ! adm9i/rator1 :o gives him 8 fre$om by pay+ 8 own] = x4 ,he also receives a pres5t ( new clo!s1 & is p]mitt$ to "w on 8 own acc\nt4 ,= small /ones proportionate premiums are giv52 :ile _m precautions are tak5 to prev5t ! negroes f /eal+ ! diamonds1 ) :i* view !y are frequ5tly *ang$ by ! ov]se]s1 le/ ^! preci\s gems %\ld be conceal$ 9 ! corn]s ( ! tr\ghs4 ,:5 a negro is suspect$ ( swall[+ a diamond1 he is conf9$ 9 a solit>y ap>tm5t1 & means tak5 to br+ ! gem to light4 ,9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ! k+dom ( ,golconda1 ext5d+ two hundr$ & sixty miles along ! bay ( ,b5gal1 & hav+ a bread? ( two hundr$ miles f ea/ to we/1 ab\nds 9 diamond m9es4 ,!y are *iefly 9 ! vic9ity ( ! rocky hills & m\nta9s :i* int]sect ! c\ntry1 & 9 ! :ole ( :i* diamonds are suppos$ to be conta9$4 ,9 sev]al ( ! m9es !y are f\nd scatt]$ 9 ! e>?1 )9 two or ?ree fa?oms ( ! surface1 & 9 o!rs are met ) 9 a m9]al sub/ance 9 ! body ( ! rocks1 =ty or fifty fa?oms deep4 ,! labor]s hav+ dug five or six feet into ! rock1 s(t5 ! /one by fire1 & proce$ till !y f9d ! ve91 :i* (t5 runs two or ?ree furlongs "u ! rock4 ,! e>? be+ br\ght out & c>efully se>*$1 af=ds /ones ( v>i\s %apes1 & ( a good wat]4 ,?is e>? is ( a yell[i%1 & sometimes ( a r$di% color1 frequ5tly adh]+ to ! diamond ) s /rong a cru/ t ! sep>ation becomes difficult4 ,to f9d ! diamonds1 ! workm5 =m a ci/]n ( a k9d ( clay1 ) a small v5t on "o side1 a little above ! bottom2 9 ?is v5t !y place a plug1 & ?r[+ into ! ci/]n ! e>? !y h dug1 p\r 9 wat] to dissolve x4 ,!y !n break ! clods1 & /ir ! wet e>? 9 ! ci/]n1 all[+ ! light] "p to be c>ri$ (f 9 ! =m ( mud1 :5 ! v5t-hole is op5$ to let out ! wat]4 ,!y ?us cont9ue wa%+1 until :at rema9s 9 ! ci/]n is pretty clean2 & !n1 9 ! middle ( ! day1 :5 ! sun %9es bright1 c>efully look ov] all ! s&1 at :i* practice !y are s exp]t1 t ! smalle/ /one c n escape !m4 ,! brightness ( ! sun be+ reflect$ by ! diamonds1 aids !m 9 _! rese>*1 :i* w\ld be foil$ if a cl\d 7 to int]v5e4 ,! l>ge/ kn[n diamond 0 f\nd 9 ,brazil1 & belongs to ! k+ ( ,portugal4 ,x weighs sixte5 hundr$ & eighty c>ats2 &1 al?\gh uncut1 x is valu$ at ! enorm\s sum ( two hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r millions /]l+1 :i* gives an e/imate ( ne>ly eighty p\nds /]l+ = ea* c>at1 ! multiplic& ( ! squ>e ( its :ole weight be+ tak54 ,! "o next 9 magnitude & value1 is probably t m5tion$ by ,tav]ni]1 9 possession ( ! ,great ,mogul4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ,golconda 9 #aeej2 is ( ! size ( half a h5's egg1 & is said to weigh n9e hundr$ c>ats4 ,?is diamond is ! same z ! fam\s 8,koh-i-noor10 or 8,m\nta9 ( ,light10 n[ belong+ to ! que5 ( ,engl&1 & :i* attract$ s mu* att5tion 9 ! great exhibition at ,london1 9 #ahea4 ,! "o suppos$ to be next 9 value1 is t belong+ to ! cr[n jewels ( ,russia1 :i* weighs sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty-n9e c>ats1 & has be5 e/imat$ at five millions /]l+4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ p]fect & beautiful diamond hi!rto f\nd1 is ! "o kn[n z ! ,pitt diamond1 :i* 0 br\ght f ,india by a g5tleman ( t "n1 :o sold x to ! ,duke ( ,orleans = "o hundr$ ?\s& p\nds /]l+4 ,x 0 worn by ,bonap>te 9 ! hilt ( 8 sword4 ,x weighs ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irty-six c>ats1 or five hundr$ & =ty-f\r gra9s4 ,x ought1 h[ev]1 to be obs]v$1 t ^! e/imates1 f\nd$ on ! magnitude & brilliancy ( ! gems1 are v diff]5t f ! prices :i* ! mo/ pr9cely =tunes c af=d to pay = !m4 ,! ,russian diamond co/ ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irty five ?\s& p\nds /]l+2 & ! "o call$ ! ,pitt or ,reg5t1 al?\gh x weigh$ "o hundr$ & ?irty-six c>ats only1 01 on acc\nt ( its great] brilliancy1 pur*as$ ( a ,greek m]*ant1 = "o hundr$ ?\s& p\nds /]l+4 ,sev]al o!r l>ge diamonds are pres]v$ 9 ! cab9ets ( ! sov]eigns & pr9ces ( ,europe4 ,:y su* imm5se value %\ld be atta*$ to diamonds1 9 all civiliz$ c\ntries1 & by a k9d ( common cons5t1 is "o ( ^? s+ul> ?+s t seem inexplicable4 ,t a magnific5t h\se1 ) a l>ge e/ate1 & ! means ( liv+ n only 9 com=t b spl5dor1 %\ld be set 9 competition )1 & ev5 deem$ inadequate to ! pur*ase (1 a transp>5t cry/alliz$ /one1 n half ! size ( a h5's egg1 seems almo/ a k9d ( insanity6 ,if = ! m]e consci\sness ( possess+ a diamond ( less ?an ! weight ( an ounce1 any private g5tleman 7 to pay f\r hundr$ & fifty ?\s& doll>s 9 ready money1 & an annuity ( tw5ty ?\s& doll>s besides1 he w\ld probably be ?\ght beside himself4 ,& yet n only 0 ! above sum giv51 b a pat5t ( nobility into ! b>ga91 by ! empress ,ca?>9e1 ( ,russia1 = ! fam\s diamond 8,nadir ,%ah40 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 ?\gh ! sell] acquir$ mu*1 ! pur*as] did n suff] any p]sonal privation2 & 9 reality1 not)/&+ ! co/l9ess & high e/imation ( diamonds1 !y are n put 9 competition ) ! sub/antial com=ts & conv5i5ces ( life4 ,among ornam5ts & luxuries1 h[ev]1 !y unque/ionably occupy1 & h ev] occupi$1 ! highe/ rank4 ,ev5 ,fa%ion1 prov]bially caprici\s z %e is1 has rema9$ /eady 9 ?is1 "o ( h] e>lie/ atta*m5ts1 dur+ probably ?ree or f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,!re mu/ be1 !re=e1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 "s adequate reason = ?is univ]sal cons5t2 :i* becomes a curi\s object ( inquiry4 ,! utility ( ! diamond1 great z x is 9 "s respects1 ent]s = little or no?+ into ! calculation ( its price2 at lea/ all t portion ( its value :i* con/itutes ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! co/ ( an entire diamond & an equal weight ( diamond p[d]1 mu/ be attribut$ to o!r causes4 ,! beauty ( ?is gem1 dep5d+ on its unrival$ lu/]1 is1 no d\bt1 ! circum/ance :i* orig9ally br\ght x into notice1 & /ill cont9ues to uphold x 9 ! public e/imation2 & c]ta9ly1 not)/&+ ! smallness ( its bulk1 !re is n any sub/ance1 natural or artificial1 :i* c su/a9 any comp>ison ) x 9 ?is respect4 ,! vivid & v>i\s refractions ( ! opal1 ! refre%+ t9ts ( ! em]ald1 ! s+ul> & beautiful light :i* /reams f ! six-ray$ /> ( ! girasol1 ! v>i\s colors1 comb9$ ) high lu/]1 :i* di/+ui% ! ruby1 ! sapphire1 & ! topaz1 beautiful z !y are on a ne> inspection1 are almo/ entirely lo/ to a di/ant behold]2 :]eas ! diamond1 )\t any ess5tial color ( its own1 imbibes ! pure sol> ray1 & !n reflects x1 ei!r ) undim9i%$ int5sity1 too :ite & too vivid to be su/a9$ = m ?an an in/ant by ! mo/ ins5sible eye1 or decompos$ by refraction into ^? prismatic colors1 :i* pa9t ! ra9b[1 & ! morn+ & ev5+ cl\ds1 comb9$ ) a brilliancy :i* h>dly yields to t ( ! m]idian sun4 ,o!r gems1 ins]t$ into r+s & bracelets1 are be/ se5 by ! we>]2 & if !y attract ! notice ( ! by/&]s1 divide _! att5tion1 & )draw ^? reg>ds :i* ought to be conc5t]$ on ! p]son1 to ! m]ely accessory ornam5ts4 ,! diamond1 on ! contr>y1 :e!r blaz+ on ! cr[n ( /ate1 or diffus+ its />ry radiance f ! brea/ ( titl$ m]it1 or 89 c\rts ( fea/s & high solemnities10 wrea?+ itself ) ! hair1 illu/rat+ ! %ape & color ( ! neck1 & ent]+ ambiti\sly into conte/ ) ! lively lu/] ( ^? eyes t 8ra9 influ5ce0 on all behold]s1 bl5ds h>moni\sly ) ! g5]al effect1 & proclaims to ! mo/ di/ant r+ ( ! surr\nd+ cr[d1 ! p]son ( ! mon>*1 ( ! knight1 or ( ! beauty4 ,ano!r circum/ance t5d+ to enhance ! value ( ! diamond is1 t al?\gh small /ones are suffici5tly abundant to be )9 ! rea* ( mod]ate exp5diture1 & !re=e af=d1 to all ^? :o are 9 easy circum/ances an opportunity to acquire a ta/e = diamonds1 yet ^? ( a l>g] size are1 & ev] h be51 r r>e2 & ( ^? :i* are celebrat$ = _! size & beauty1 ! :ole numb]1 at lea/ 9 ,europe1 sc>cely am\nts to half a doz51 all ( !m be+ 9 possession ( sov]eign pr9ces4 ,h5ce1 ! acquisition ev5 ( a mod]ately l>ge diamond1 is :at m]e money c n always comm&2 & _m are ! favors1 bo? political & ( o!r k9ds1 = :i* a diamond ( a l>ge size1 or ( uncommon beauty1 may be (f]$ z a comp5sation1 :]e its comm]cial price1 9 money1 nei!r c be t5d]$1 nor w\ld be receiv$4 ,9 _m circum/ances also1 x is a matt] ( no small importance = a p]son to h a consid]able "p ( 8 prop]ty 9 ! mo/ portable =m possible2 & 9 ?is respect :at is !re t c be comp>$ to diamonds1 :i* possess ! portability1 )\t ! risk ( bills ( ex*ange8 ,x may fur!r be rem>k$1 9 favor ( ?is species ( prop]ty1 t x is b little liable to fluctuation1 & has gone on pretty regul>ly increas+ 9 value1 insomu* t ! price ( /ones ( good quality is consid]ably high] ?an x 0 "s ye>s ago4 ,! art ( cutt+ & poli%+ diamonds1 has a tw(old object2 fir/1 to divide ! natural surface ( ! /one 9 a symmetrical mann] by means ( highly poli%$ polygonal planes1 & ?us to br+ out1 to ! be/ advantage1 ! wond]ful refulg5ce ( ?is beautiful gem2 &1 secondly1 by cutt+ out su* flaws z may happ5 to be ne> ! surface1 to remove ^? blemi%es :i* mat]ially detract f its beauty1 & consequ5tly f its value4 ,! removal ( su* flaws is a matt] ( great importance2 =1 ow+ to ! =m 9 :i* ! diamond is cut1 & its high degree ( refrangibility1 ! smalle/ fault is magnifi$1 & becomes obtrusively visible to all4 ,= ?is reason1 also1 x is by no means an easy matt]1 at all times1 to asc]ta9 :e!r a flaw is or is n sup]ficial2 & a p]son ) a correct & well-practic$ eye1 may (t5 pur*ase to great advantage1 /ones :i* appe> to be flaw$ q ?r\gh1 b :i* are 9 fact only sup]ficially blemi%$4 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( diamonds1 x may be well to notice "s o!r valuable /ones t are mu* s\ght & priz$ = ornam5t4 ,"o ( ^! is ! ori5tal ruby4 ,?is1 9 its mo/ e/eem$ color1 is pure c>m9e1 or a blood-r$ ( consid]able int5sity1 =m+1 :5 well poli%$1 a blaze ( ! mo/ exquisite & unrival$ t9t4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m or less pale1 & mix$ ) blue 9 v>i\s proportions2 & h5ce x occurs rose-r$1 & r$di%-:ite1 crimson1 pea*-blossom r$1 & lilac-blue1 ! latt] v>iety be+ nam$ ! ori5tal ame?y/4 ,x is a native ( ,pegu1 & is said to be f\nd 9 ! s& ( c]ta9 /reams ne> ! capital ( ! c\ntry2 & x also occurs1 ) ! sapphire1 9 ! s&s ( ! riv]s ( ,ceylon4 ,a ruby :i* is p]fect bo? 9 color & transp>5cy1 is mu* less common ?an a good diamond2 & :5 ( ! weight ( ?ree or f\r c>ats1 is ev5 m valuable ?an a diamond ( ! same size4 ,! k+ ( ,pegu1 & ! mon>*s ( ,asia & ,siam1 monopolize ! f9e/ rubies1 9 ! same way z ! sov]eigns ( ,india make a monopoly ( diamonds4 ,! f9e/ ruby 9 ! _w is 9 possession ( ! fir/ ( ^! k+s4 ,its purity has pass$ into a prov]b1 & its wor?1 :5 comp>$ ) gold1 is ine/imable4 ,! dubah ( ,deccan1 also1 possesses a rem>kably f9e "o1 :i* is a full in* 9 diamet]4 ,! pr9ces ( ,europe c n boa/ ( any rubies ( fir/-rate magnitude4 ,! ori5tal sapphire ranks next 9 value to ! ruby4 ,:5 x is p]fect1 its color is a cle> & bright ,prussian blue1 unit$ to a high degree ( transp>5cy4 ,! a/oria or />-/one1 is a rem>kable v>iety ( ?is beautiful gem3 x is semi-transp>5t1 ) a r$di% purple t+e4 ,& beside ^!1 !re are ! r$ sapphire1 (t5 call$ ! ori5tal ruby1 & ! yell[ sapphire1 :i* is call$ ! ori5tal topaz4 ,& 9 addition to ^! preci\s /ones1 or gems1 !re are also ! em]ald1 ( a beautiful gre5 color2 ! topaz1 :i* is ( a yell[ or light w9e-color1 & :i* by be+ heat$1 sometimes becomes rose-r$1 s z to be pass$ (f z a ruby2 ! jasp] & *alc$ony1 :i* are ( v>i\s colors2 ! onyx1 :i* is a regul>ly b&$ agate1 mu* priz$ = cameos1 especially :]e ! colors are v di/9ct & diff]5t2 ! cornelian1 :i* is prop]ly a r$ or fle%-color$ *alc$ony1 mu* valu$ = seal-/ones1 c42 & ! blood-/one1 or heliotrope1 :i* is deep gre51 & some:at transluc5t1 & v>iegat$ by blood-r$ spots3 all ( :i* are mu* us$ 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( jewelry4 ,we h res]v$ = ?is place1 a notice ( ! hot-well at ,clifton1 ,engl&1 :i* w\ld h be5 m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! ,geys]s & o!r hot spr+s1 b f its connection ) ! beautiful cry/als kn[n z ,bri/ol /ones or diamonds1 "s ( :i* are s h>d z to cut glass1 & are exce$+ly cle>1 colorless & brilliant4 ,:5 set 9 r+s1 9 _! natural /ate1 ^! /ones (t5 appe> ( z high a poli% & lu/]1 z if !y _h be5 wr\ght by ! mo/ skillful lapid>y4 ,! w>m spr+1 or f\nta91 9 ! vic9ity ( :i* !y are f\nd1 is call$ ! hot-well4 ,x is 9 ! p>i% ( ,clifton1 & is s copi\s z to dis*>ge sixty gallons ( wat] 9 a m9ute4 ,x rises =cibly f an op5+ 9 ! solid rock1 at ab\t tw5ty-six feet bel[ high-wat] m>k4 ,on its imm$iate influx f ! rock1 ! wat] is mu* w>m] ?an :5 x is pump$ up = dr9k+1 = x is rais$ by pumps "s ?irty feet4 ,its qualities 9 a m$ic9al po9t ( view are suppos$ to be valuable2 b x is n on ?is po9t t we propose to dwell1 & !re=e we pass on to ! rocks 9 ! neighborhood1 ne> :i* ! ,bri/ol /ones are f\nd4 ,j bel[ ! hot-well1 !re rises a noble range ( hills1 :i* are n m rem>kable = _! hight1 ?an = _! be+ equally s on bo? sides ! riv]1 ! /rata 9 "s places answ]+ on ea* side = ab\t a mile & a half 9 a s]p5t9e c\rse4 ,^! con/itute "o ( ! greate/ natural curiosities 9 ,engl&4 ,! rock beyond ! hot-well1 & on ! same side1 is nam$ ,/4 ,v9c5t's1 a *apel d$icat$ to t sa9t hav+ be5 =m]ly built on its summit4 ,x is 9 hight ?ree hundr$ feet1 & has a maje/ic appe>ance4 ,x supplies ! naturali/ ) _m curi\s fossils1 ! botani/ ) a v>iety ( sc>ce plants1 ! antiqu>y ) ! rema9s ( a ,roman camp1 & ! less curi\s inquir] ) a view ( a mo/ dreadful & surpris+ precipice4 ,! rocks 9 g5]al1 :5 brok5 up1 are ( a dusky r$1 br[n or *ocolate color$ m>ble1 v h>d & close-gra9$1 & :i*1 on be+ /ruck ) a hamm]1 emit a /rong sulphure\s smell4 ,x w be> a poli% equal to any =eign m>ble2 &1 :5 saw$ into slabs & poli%$1 appe>s beautifully v>iegat$ ) ve9s ( :ite1 blui%-gray1 or yell[4 ,x is (t5 employ$ = *imney-pieces2 b x is pr9cipally us$ = mak+ lime1 = :i* purpose !re is no /one 9 ,engl& s well calculat$1 nor is !re any lime s /rong1 f9e1 & :ite1 :i* excell5t qualities occasion great dem& = =eign consumption4 ,"h1 & 9 ! vic9ity1 labor]s are daily employ$ 9 bl[+ up ! rocks ) gunp[d]1 by :i* process va/ fragm5ts are frequ5tly ?r[n d[n1 & repeat$ly /rike ! precipice ) a dreadful cra%1 :i*1 comb9$ ) ! l\d report ( ! explosion1 re*o$ f side to side by ! l(ty cliffs1 makes a noise resembl+ ?und]1 = :i* x is frequ5tly mi/ak5 by /rang]s4 ,x is ! op9ion ( ! great] "p ( ^? :o h view$ ^! rocks1 t !y 7 once unit$1 & 7 sep>at$ by "s t]rible convulsion ( nature4 ,a bridge ( "o ar*1 f rock to rock1 ov] ! ,avon1 has long be5 9 contemplation2 b if ! bl[+ up ( ^! rocks %\ld /ill be p]si/$ 91 ! design w be r5d]$ impracticable4 ,?is is ! m to be regrett$1 because /one ( ! same quality is to be procur$ l[] d[n ! riv]4 ,n[ x is 9 ! fissures & cavities ( ^! rocks1 t ! beautiful cry/als call$ ,bri/ol /ones1 or diamonds1 already m5tion$1 are f\nd4 ,!y are cle> & brilliant1 & be+ )\t color1 s ri*ly & brilliantly reflect ! light1 z to be almo/ next to ! diamond 9 appe>ance1 & are (t5 palm$ (f on ! unpractic$ = ! latt] gem4 ,!y are ext5sively us$ 9 _m ( ! pla9] k9ds ( jewelry1 & :5 set ov] gold-leaf1 or ?9 pap] ( delicate t+es1 are (t5 made closely to resemble "s ( ! ri*e/ gems kn[n4 ,,gold ,,& ,,silv] ,,m9es4#d ,! m9es ( ,la ,plata1 s d5om9at$ on acc\nt ( ! abundance ( silv] !y conta91 are *iefly situat$ 9 ! prov9ces :i* 7 =m]ly atta*$ to ! ,spani% vic]oyalty ( ,rio de la ,plata2 b :i*1 s9ce ! ,s\? ,am]ican /ates revolt$ f ! "m c\ntry1 h be5 includ$ 9 ! republic ( ,bolivia1 or ,upp] ,p]u z x is sometimes call$4 ,) ! exception ( ,mexico1 ,bolivia is ! ri*e/ c\ntry 9 silv] :i* has yet be5 discov]$1 & conta9s innum]able m9es bo? ( t metal & ( gold4 ,all its nor!rn prov9ces teem ) m9]al opul5ce2 & ^? ( ,l>icaja & ,c>abaya1 h be5 di/+ui%$ by ! production ( ! latt]1 & /ill nobl] metal1 9 its virg9 /ate4 ,9 consequ5ce1 h[ev]1 ( ! rec5t political convulsions1 m9+1 once ! ri*e/ s\rce ( rev5ue1 is 9 a depress$ /ate2 _m ( ! m9es be+ fill$ ) wat] & totally neglect$4 ,footnote #d3 ,! acc\nt ( ! m9es ( ,s\? ,am]ica & ,mexico is mo/ly f ,humboldt1 & z w be obvi\s to ! read]1 has ref]5ce 9 _m ?+s to _! pa/ hi/ory & progress1 r ?an to _! pres5t condition4 ,! m\nta9 ( ,potosi =m]ly produc$ weekly ab\t five ?\s& m>ks ( silv]1 t is1 f ?irty to =ty ?\s& doll>s2 a surpris+ produce1 :5 x is consid]$ t x has be5 wr\ght s9ce #aede1 at :i* "t x 0 accid5tally discov]$ by an ,indian1 or native1 z repres5t$ 9 ! cut4 ,9 hunt+ "s goats1 he slipp$ f a slight elevation1 & to save himself caught hold ( a %rub1 :i* com+ away f ! gr\nd1 laid b>e ! silv] at its root4 ,at ! comm5cem5t x 0 /ill m abundant1 & ! metal 0 dug up 9 a pur] /ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,silv] ,,9 ,,p]u4 ,! silv] 0 (t5 f\nd 9 %oots l roots1 imb$d$ 9 ! e>?4 ,six ?\s& ,indians 7 s5t e eighte5 mon?s1 f ! prov9ces ( ! vic]oyalty1 to "w ?is m9e4 ,! exp$ition 0 call$ mita2 & ^! ,indians1 hav+ be5 enroll$ & =m$ into p>ties1 7 di/ribut$ by ! gov]nor ( ,potosi1 & receiv$ a small daily /ip5d1 7equal to ab\t ?irty-f\r c5ts ( our curr5cy17 until ! p]iod ( _! labor 0 complet$4 ,!y 7 ?us doom$ to a =c$ s]vice1 no?+ less ?an slav]y1 s long z x la/$1 :i* ! ,spani>ds h endeavor$ to ju/ify by ! plea t labor]s c\ld n o!rwise be procur$4 ,lumps ( pure gold & silv]1 call$ papas1 f _! resemblance to ! potato1 7 (t5 f\nd 9 ! s&s4 ,! poor likewise occupi$ !mselves 9 lavad]os1 or 9 wa%+ ! s&s ( ! riv]s & rivulets1 9 ord] to f9d p>ticles ( ! preci\s metals4 ,to comp5sate = ! m9es r5d]$ useless by ! irruption ( wat]1 or o!r accid5ts1 ri* & new ones 7 daily discov]$4 ,!y 7 all f\nd 9 ! *a9s ( m\nta9s1 commonly 9 dry & b>r5 spots1 & sometimes 9 ! sides ( ! quebr$as1 or a/oni%+ precipit\s breaks 9 ! ridges4 ,h[ev] c]ta9 ?is rule might be 9 ! region ( ,bolivia1 x 0 contradict$ 9 t ( ,p]u1 :]e1 at ?ree leagues' di/ance f ! ,pacific ocean1 n f> f ,tagna1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,arica1 !re 0 discov]$ ! fam\s m9e ( ,huantajaya1 9 a s&y pla9 at a di/ance f ! m\nta9s1 ( su* exub]ant weal? t ! pure metal 0 cut out ) a *isel4 ,f ?is m9e a l>ge specim5 ( virg9 silv] is pres]v$ 9 ! royal cab9et ( natural hi/ory at ,madrid4 ,x attract$ a consid]able population1 al?\gh nei!r wat] nor ! common conv5i5ces = labor c\ld be f\nd !re1 nei!r any pa/urage = ! cattle4 ,9 ! m9t ( ,potosi1 ab\t six millions ( doll>s 7 annually co9$2 & ! m9es ( ! old vic]oyalty ( ,la ,plata1 tak5 collectively1 are reckon$ to h yield$ ab\t sixte5 millions4 ,! m9es ( ,mexico1 or :at 0 =m]ly call$ ,new ,spa91 h be5 m celebrat$ = _! ri*es ?an ^? ( ,la ,plata1 not)/&+ :i* !y are rem>kable = ! pov]ty ( ! m9]al !y conta94 ,a qu9tal1 or sixte5 hundr$ ounces ( silv] ore1 af=ds1 at a m$ium1 n m ?an ?ree or f\r ounces ( pure silv]1 ab\t "o-?ird ( :at is yield$ by ! same quantity ( m9]al 9 ,saxony4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 on acc\nt ( ! ri*ness ( ! ore1 b f its abundance & ! facility ( work+ x1 t ^! m9es h be5 s mu* sup]ior to ^? ( ,europe4 ,! fact ( ! small numb] ( p]sons employ$ 9 work+ !m1 is n less contr>y to ! commonly receiv$ op9ion on ?is subject4 ,! m9es ( ,guanaxuato1 inf9itely ri*] ?an ^? ( ,potosi ev] 71 af=d$ f #agjf to #ahjc1 ne>ly =ty millions ( doll>s 9 gold & silv]1 or v ne>ly five millions ( doll>s annually1 be+ some:at less ?an "o-f\r? ( ! :ole quantity ( gold & silv] f ,new ,spa92 not)/&+ :i*1 ^! m9es1 productive z !y 71 did n employ m ?an five ?\s& workm5 ( e description4 ,9 ,mexico1 ! labor ( ! m9es 0 p]fectly free1 & bett] paid ?an any o!r k9d ( indu/ry1 a m9] e>n+ f five to five doll>s & a half weekly1 :ile ! wages ( ! common labor] did n exce$ a doll> & a half4 ,! t5at]os1 or p]sons :o c>ri$ ! ore on _! backs1 f ! spot :]e x 0 dug out ( ! m9e1 to t :]e x 0 collect$ 9 heaps1 _h a sum equal to a doll> & t5 c5ts = a day's "w ( six h\rs4 ,nei!r slaves1 crim9als1 nor =c$ labor]s1 7 employ$ 9 ! ,mexican m9es4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! clumsy1 imp]fect & exp5sive mode ( cle>+ !m f wat]1 sev]al ( ! ri*e/ ( ^! m9es h be5 ov]fl[$ & ab&on$2 :ile ! lack ( me?od 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! gall]ies1 & ! abs5ce ( lat]al communications1 h add$ to ! risk1 & greatly increas$ ! exp5se ( work+ !m4 ,labor has n be51 z 9 ! work+ ( ! ,european m9es1 abridg$1 nor ! transportation ( mat]ials facilitat$4 ,:5 new works 7 und]tak51 a due consid]ation 0 n be/[$ on ! prelim9>y arrangem5ts2 & !y 7 always conduct$ on too l>ge & exp5sive a scale4 ,m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ! silv] obta9$ f ,am]ica is extricat$ f ! ore by means ( quicksilv]1 ! loss ( :i*1 9 ! process ( amalgamation1 is imm5se4 ,! quantity t us$ to be consum$ annually 9 ,mexico alone1 0 ab\t sixte5 ?\s& qu9tals2 & 9 ! :ole ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ab\t tw5ty-five ?\s& qu9tals 7 ye>ly exp5d$1 ! co/ ( :i* !re1 has be5 e/imat$ at m ?an a million doll>s4 ,! great] "p ( ?is quicksilv]1 9 lat] ye>s1 0 furni%$ by ! m9e ( ,almad5 9 ,spa91 & t ( ,i/ria 9 ,c>niola1 ! celebrat$ quicksilv] m9e ( ,huancavelica 9 ,p]u1 hav+ greatly fall5 (f 9 its produce s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 x 0 highly fl\ri%+4 ,! prosp]ity ( ! silv] m9es1 bo? 9 ,mexico & ,p]u1 !re=e dep5d$ v mu* on ! supplies ( quicksilv] f ,spa91 ,g]many & ,italy2 = su* 0 ! abundance ( ! ore 9 ^? prov9ces1 t app>5tly ! only limit to ! am\nt ( silv] obta9$ !re1 0 ! want ( m]cury = amalgamation4 ,9 tak+ a g5]al view ( ! ri*es ( ! o!r portions ( ,am]ica1 ,humboldt1 :o has suppli$ ^! details1 rem>ks t1 9 ,p]u1 silv] ore exi/s 9 z great abundance z 9 ,mexico1 ! m9es ( ,laurico*a be+ capable ( yield+ z great a produce z ^? ( ,guanaxuato2 b t ! art ( m9+1 & ! me?ods ( sep>at+ ! silv] f its ore1 are /ill m defective ?an 9 ,mexico4 ,not)/&+ ?is imp]fect sy/em1 ! total am\nt ( ! preci\s metals annually furni%$ by ,am]ica1 0 at "o "t e/imat$ at upw>d ( =ty-two million doll>s2 ! gold be+ 9 proportion to ! silv] z "o to =ty-six4 ,f #adib to #ahjc1 ! quantity ( gold & silv] extract$ f ! ,am]ican m9es1 0 equal 9 value to five billion1 sev5 hundr$ & six million1 sev5 hundr$ ?\s& doll>s2 ( :i* imm5se sum1 ! portion c>ri$ to ,europe1 includ+ ! booty ga!r$ by ! conqu]ors ( ,am]ica1 is e/imat$ at five billion1 f\r hundr$ & =ty-five million doll>s1 av]ag+ sev5te5 million & a half ( doll>s ye>ly4 ,! annual importation up to #ahjc1 be+ divid$ into six p]iods1 appe>s to h con/antly augm5t$1 & 9 ! foll[+ progressive ratio4 ,f #adib to #aejj1 x did n exce$ two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& doll>s4 ,f #aejj to #aede1 x am\nt$ to ?ree millions ( doll>s4 ,f #aede to #afjj1 to elev5 millions4 ,f #afjj to #agjj1 to sixte5 millions4 ,f #agjj to #agej1 to tw5ty-two millions & a half4 ,&1 la/ly1 f #agej to #ahjc1 to ! prodigi\s sum ( ?irty-five million1 ?ree hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,! fir/ p]iod 0 t ( ex*ange ) ! natives1 or ( m]e rap9e4 ,! second 0 di/+ui%$ by ! conque/ & plund] ( ,mexico1 ,p]u & ,new ,granada1 & by ! op5+ ( ! fir/ m9es4 ,! ?ird began ) ! discov]y ( ! ri* m9es ( ,potosi2 & 9 ! c\rse ( x ! conque/ ( ,*ili 0 complet$1 & v>i\s m9es op5$ 9 ,mexico4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! f\r? p]iod1 ! m9es ( ,potosi began to be exhau/$2 b ^? ( ,laurico*a 7 discov]$1 & ! produce ( ,mexico rose f two millions to five millions ( doll>s annually4 ,! fif? p]iod began ) ! discov]y ( gold 9 ,brazil2 & ! six? 0 di/+ui%$ by ! prodigi\s increase ( ! m9es ( ,mexico1 :ile ^? ( e o!r "p ( ,am]ica1 ) ! exception ( ,brazil1 7 !n con/antly improv+4 ,! gold m9es ( ,brazil h be5 v productive4 ,^? call$ g5]al1 7 ab\t sev5ty-five leagues f ,rio ,janeiro1 ! /aple & pr9cipal outlet ( ! ri*es ( ! ,brazilian t]ritory4 ,!y =m]ly yield$ to ! k+1 annually1 = 8 "r ( fif?s1 at lea/ "o hundr$ & twelve arobas 7weigh+ tw5ty-five p\nds ea*7 ( gold2 s t _! ye>ly produce might !n h be5 e/imat$ at upw>d ( ?ree & a half millions ( doll>s1 & t ( ! m di/ant m9es at ab\t "o-?ird ! sum4 ,! gold drawn f !m c\ld n be c>ri$ to ,rio ,janeiro1 )\t be+ fir/ br\ght to ! smelt+-h\ses e/abli%$ 9 ea* di/rict1 :]e ! "r ( ! cr[n 0 receiv$4 ,:at belong$ to private p]sons 0 remitt$ 9 b>s1 ) _! weight1 numb]1 & an impression ( ! royal arms4 ,! gold 0 !n assay$1 & its /&>d impr9t$ on ea* b>4 ,:5 ^! b>s 7 c>ri$ to ! m9t1 _! value 0 paid to ! possessor 9 co91 commonly 9 half-d\bloons1 ea* wor? eight ,spani% doll>s4 ,^u ea* ( ^! half-d\bloons ! k+ ga9$ a doll>1 by ! alloy & "r ( co9age4 ,! m9t ( ,rio ,janeiro 0 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful 9 exi/5ce1 & furni%$ ) e conv5i5ce = work+ ) ! greate/ cel]ity4 ,z ! gold came f ! m9es at ! same "t t ! fleets came f ,portugal1 ! op]ations ( ! m9t & ! co9age proce$$ ) surpris+ quickness4 ,9 ,africa1 ! k+dom ( ,mozambique ab\nds 9 gold1 :i* is wa%$ d[n by ! riv]s1 & =ms a *ief "p ( ! comm]ce ( ! c\ntry4 ,! k+doms ( ,monomot>a & ,s(ala likewise furni% consid]able quantities ( gold2 & ! ,portuguese resid+ 9 ! latt] t]ritory1 half a c5tury ago1 report$ t x yield$ annually two millions ( metigals1 equal to some:at m ?an a million /]l+4 ,! m]*ants export$ f ,mecca1 & o!r p>ts1 ab\t ! same quantity ( gold4 ,! soldi]s 7 paid 9 gold du/1 9 ! /ate 9 :i* x 0 collect$2 & ?is 0 s pure1 & ( s f9e a yell[1 z n to be exce$$1 :5 wr\ght1 by any o!r gold beside t ( ,japan4 ,gold is likewise f\nd on ! isl& ( ,madagasc>4 ,! ,gold ,coa/ is s d5om9at$ f ! abundance ( gold f\nd among ! s&s3 x is n1 h[ev]1 s productive z has be5 g5]ally suppos$1 ow+ to ! int5se heats1 :i*1 9 a great measure1 prev5t ! natives f prosecut+ _! rese>*es4 ,9 ,asia1 ! isl& ( ,japan is mo/ productive ( gold1 :i* is f\nd 9 sev]al ( its prov9ces1 & is1 9 by f> ! great] proportion1 melt$ f its ore4 ,x is also procur$ by wa%+ ! s&s1 & a small quantity is likewise f\nd 9 ! ore ( copp]4 ,! emp]or claims a supreme jurisdiction1 n only ov] ! gold m9es1 b ov] all ! m9es ( ! empire1 :i* are n all[$ to be work$ )\t a lic5se f him4 ,two-?irds ( _! produce belong to him1 & ! o!r ?ird is left to ! gov]nor ( ! prov9ce 9 :i* ! m9es are situat$4 ,b ! ri*e/ gold ore1 & t :i* yields ! f9e/ gold1 is dug 9 "o ( ! nor!rn prov9ces ( ! isl& ( ,niphon1 a dep5d5cy ( ,japan1 :]e ! gold m9es h1 9 pa/ times1 be5 highly productive1 ?\gh n[ !y h mu* fall5 (f4 ,9 ! ,japanese prov9ce ( ,tsckungo1 a ri* gold m9e1 hav+ be5 fill$ ) wat]1 0 no long] work$3 z x 01 h[ev]1 s situat$1 t by cutt+ ! rock & mak+ an op5+ b5ea? ! m9e1 ! wat] c\ld be easily drawn (f1 ?is 0 attempt$4 ,at ! mom5t ( beg9n+ ! op]ation1 s viol5t a /orm ( ?und] & lightn+ arose1 t ! workm5 7 oblig$ to seek %elt] else:]e2 & ^! sup]/iti\s p imag9+ t ! tutel> god & protector ( ! spot1 unwill+ to h ! b[els ( ! e>? ?us rifl$1 _h rais$ ! /orm to make !m s5sible ( 8 great displeasure at su* an und]tak+1 desi/$ f all fur!r attempts1 ?r\gh ! fe> ( incurr+ 8 displeasure1 & c\ld n be induc$ to g on ) x4 ,?ibet1 a m\nta9\s c\ntry ( ,india1 conta9s a great abundance ( gold1 :i* is trac$ 9 ! riv]s fl[+ f t t]ritory into ! ,ganges4 ,9 ,h9doo/an !re are n any m9es ( gold2 b 9 ! ,irnada di/rict gold is collect$ 9 ! riv] :i* passes ,nelambur 9 ! ,mang]y ,talui1 a nair hav+ ! exclusive privilege ( ?is collection1 = :i* he pays a small annual tribute4 ,silv] is 9 g5]al r>e ?r\gh\t ! ori5tal regions1 & !re is n any indication ( ?is metal 9 ,india2 b 9 ,japan !re are sev]al silv] m9es1 m p>ticul>ly 9 ! nor!rn prov9ces1 & ! metal extract$ f !m is v pure & f9e4 ,turn+ to ,europe1 ,dalmatia is said 9 anci5t times to h produc$ an abundance ( gold4 ,pl9y reports t 9 ! reign ( ! emp]or ,n]o1 fifty p\nds ( ?is preci\s metal 7 daily tak5 f ! m9es ( t prov9ce2 & t x 0 f\nd on ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,x is add$1 t ,vibius1 :o 0 s5t by ,augu/us to subdue ! ,dalmatians1 oblig$ t h>dy & w>like p to "w 9 ! m9es1 & to sep>ate ! gold f ! ore4 ,boss9a1 9 ,sclavonia1 conta9s _m m9]al m\nta9s1 & has ri* m9es ( gold & silv]4 ,! di/rict 9 :i* ! latt] are f\nd1 is nam$ ! ,srebr>niza1 be+ d]iv$ f ! ^w srebr1 :i* signifies silv] 9 all ! ,sclavonian dialects4 ,_! produce resembles ! native silv] ( ,potosi1 & is f\nd1 comb9$ ) pure qu>tz1 9 small1 ?9 leaves1 resembl+ moss4 ,! k+dom ( ,norway =m]ly produc$ gold2 b ! exp5se ( work+ ! m9es1 & procur+ ! pure ore1 be+ great] ?an ! pr(it1 ^! h be5 neglect$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 silv] m9es1 :i* are extremely valuable1 & give employm5t to sev]al ?\s&s ( p]sons4 ,! pr9cipal ( ^! is at ,knigsb]g1 & 0 discov]$ 9 #afbc1 :5 ! t[n 0 imm$iately built1 & peopl$ ) ,g]man m9]s4 ,9 #agea1 =ty-"o %afts & twelve ve9s1 7 wr\ght 9 ?is m9e1 & gave employm5t to ?irty-five hundr$ (fic]s1 artific]s & labor]s4 ,a view ( "o "p ( ?is m9e is giv5 9 ! cut on ! next page4 ,! silv] ore is n1 z 0 at fir/ imag9$1 conf9$ to ! m\nta9 betwe5 ,knigsb]g & ! riv] ,jordal1 b ext5ds its ve9s = sev]al miles ?r\gh\t ! adjac5t di/ricts1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* new m9es h be5 und]tak5 9 sev]al places1 & prosp]\sly c>ri$ on4 ,"o ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ anci5t ( ! m9es1 nam$ 8,old ,god's bless+10 has sometimes1 9 ! space ( a week1 yield$ sev]al hundr$ p\nds' weight ( ri* ore4 ,! a/oni%+ dep? ( ?is m9e1 :i* is n less ?an a hundr$ & eighty fa?oms1 p]p5dicul>ly1 fills ! m9d ( ! behold] ) amazem5t2 & ! circumf]5ce at ! bottom =ms a cle> space ( sev]al hundr$s ( fa?oms4 ,"h ! sight ( ?irty or =ty fires1 burn+ on all sides 9 ?is gloomy cav]n1 & cont9ually f$ to s(t5 ! /one 9 ! prosecution ( ! labors1 seems1 accord+ to ! notions commonly ent]ta9$1 an apt image ( hell2 & ! sw>ms ( m9]s1 cov]$ ) soot1 & bu/l+ ab\t 9 habits accord+ to _! sev]al employm5ts1 may well rem9d "o ( s _m evil spirits2 m especially :51 at a giv5 signal t ! m9e is to be sprung 9 ?is or t direction1 !y exclaim al\d3 8,b]g-livet1 b]g-livet60 8,take c>e ( y\r lives40 ,illu/ration3 ,,silv] ,,m9e ,,at ,k,,nigsb]g4 ,! gold m9es ( ,cremnitz1 9 ,hung>y1 lie =ty miles s\? ( ! ,c>pa?ian hills2 & tw5ty miles fur!r to ! s\? are ! silv] m9es ( ,%emnitz4 ,^! are call$ m9+ t[ns2 & ! =m] is ! pr9cipal1 its ri* ores be+ f\nd 9 :at is /yl$ metallic rock4 ,its m9es also produce a c]ta9 proportion ( silv]4 ,hung>y is beside enri*$ by a m9]al peculi> to itself1 or "o1 at lea/1 :i* has n hi!rto be5 discov]$ else:]e1 namely1 ! opal1 a gem pref]r$ to all o!rs by ! ori5tal nations4 ,! opal m9es are situat$ at ,oz]w9iza1 :]e !y are f\nd 9 a hill consi/+ ( decompos$ porphyry1 a few fa?oms b5ea? ! surface4 ,_! produce is ( v>i\s qualities1 f ! opaque-:ite1 or semi-opal1 to ! utmo/ refulg5ce ( ! lively colors by :i* ?is noble gem is di/+ui%$4 ,transylvania & ! ,bannet1 conta9 num]\s & valuable m9es1 consi/+ *iefly ( gray gold ore1 & :ite gold ore4 ,! f9e/ gold is f\nd at ,olapian1 n f> f ,zala?na1 int]mix$ ) gravel & s&4 ,! s&s ( ! ,rh9e1 also1 9 v>i\s places conta9 traces ( gold4 ,! m\nta9s ( ,spa9 71 accord+ to anci5t writ]s1 v ri* 9 gold & silv]2 & accord+ly ,gibbon calls t k+dom1 8! ,p]u & ,mexico ( ! old _w40 ,he adds1 t 8! discov]y ( ! ri* we/]n cont95t ( ! ,ph5icians1 & ! oppression ( ! simple natives1 :o 7 compell$ to labor 9 _! own m9es = ! b5efit ( /rang]s1 =m an exact type ( ! m rec5t hi/ory ( ,spani% ,am]ica40 ,! ,ph5icians 7 acqua9t$ only ) ! sea-coa/s ( ,spa92 b av>ice1 z well z ambition1 c>ri$ ! arms ( ,rome & ,c>?age into ! he>t ( ! c\ntry1 & almo/ e "p ( ! soil 0 f\nd pregnant ) gold1 silv] & copp]4 ,a m9e ne> ,c>?ag5a1 is said to h yield$ daily tw5ty-five ?\s& drams ( silv]1 or ov] ?irte5 hundr$ ?\s& doll>s a ye>4 ,! prov9ces ( ,a/uria1 ,gallicia & ,lusitania1 yield$ tw5ty ?\s& p\nds' weight ( gold annually3 b ri* z ^! m9es are1 ! mod]n ,spani>ds h *os5 r to import ! preci\s metals f ,am]ica1 ?an to seek !m at home4 ,portugal is 9 _m p>ts m\nta9\s2 & ^! m\nta9s conta91 beside o!rs1 ri* ores ( silv]4 ,b ! ,portuguese1 l ! ,spani>ds1 hav+ be5 suppli$ ) metals f ,s\? ,am]ica1 & p>ticul>ly ) an abundance ( gold & silv] f ,brazil1 h n work$ ! m9es 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,gems ( all k9ds1 z turkoises & hyac9?s1 are also f\nd 9 ^! m\nta9s1 toge!r ) beautifully v>iegat$ m>bles1 & _m curi\s fossils4 ,b ! ri*e/ & mo/ productive gold m9es ( ,europe1 at ! pres5t "t1 are probably ^? ( ,russia4 ,x _h long be5 kn[n t gold 0 to be f\nd 9 ! ,russian dom9ions2 b 9 #ahbi1 ,b>on ,humboldt1 ) two sci5tific associates1 at ! reque/ ( ! emp]or ( ,russia1 made a m9]alogical t\r to ! ,ural & ,altai m\nta9s4 ,9 ?is j\rney1 !y n only discov]$ new localities ( gold & silv]1 b f ! geological features ( ! c\ntry sugge/$ t1 at c]ta9 localities1 diamonds w\ld also probably be f\nd1 :i* accord+ly happ5$4 ,& z ! result ( ! report !y made to ! ,russian gov]nm5t1 m9+ op]ations 7 comm5c$ on a l>ge scale 9 ^! m\nta9s1 :i* h n[ become "o ( ! mo/ prolific gold regions 9 ! _w4 ,! increase ( ^! s\rces ( gold1 9 ext5t & am\nt1 has be5 su*1 t f ! value ( ab\t t5 ?\s& doll>s 9 #ahcf1 ! am\nt receiv$ 9 #ahdc1 0 "s eighte5 millions ( doll>s2 & ! supply has s9ce increas$ annually1 until at pres5t1 #ahee1 x am\nts to ab\t tw5ty million doll>s a ye>4 ,mo/ ( ?is l>ge am\nt ( gold is ga!r$ f wa%+ ! s& & loose e>?1 & n f deep m9es2 & z x is e ye> becom+ great] & great]1 x mu/ add imm5sely to ! weal? & res\rces ( ! ,russian empire4 ,b by f> ! greate/ gold-field 9 ! _w1 has be5 op5$ by ! discov]ies ( ! la/ few ye>s 9 ,cali=nia4 ,at ! close ( ! late w> ) ,mexico1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates acquir$1 by conque/ & pur*ase1 a tract ( c\ntry ( "s five hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles 9 ext5t1 kn[n z ! ,mexican t]ritory ( upp] ,cali=nia4 ,& f ! we/]n portion ( ?is region1 ,congress1 9 #ahej1 creat$ & admitt$ into ! ,am]ican conf$]acy1 ! ?irty-fir/ /ate1 "u ! "n ( ,cali=nia4 ,x is almo/ sup]flu\s to say1 t ,cali=nia is "o ( ! mo/ important m9]al regions 9 ! _w1 p>ticul>ly 9 its deposits ( gold4 ,vague notions ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is gold1 _h f "t to "t be5 spread abroad2 b x 0 n till #ahdh1 t an accid5t discov]$ ! m>vel\s fact ( its abundance4 ,9 t ye>1 a ,mr4 ,sutt]1 a native ( ,switz]l&1 0 settl$ ne> ! m\? ( ! ,am]ican =k ( ! ,sacram5to riv]1 at ! head ( navigation1 "o hundr$ & fifty miles f its m\?4 ,"h he _h f\nd$ ,new ,helvetia1 & obta9$ a grant ( ?irty miles r\nd4 ,he _h s5t "s m5 to ! upp] "p ( ! ,am]ican =k1 to cle> out a mill-race4 ,! soil 0 wa%$ d[n 9 ! process1 & "s %9+ scales laid b>e4 ,^! prov$ to be gold1 & on inve/igation1 n only ! valley ( ?is /ream1 b ! b$s ( all ! o!r /reams runn+ into ! ,sacram5to1 7 f\nd to h a soil full ( gold1 9 m9ute scales & 9 bits1 f a gra9 to _m ounces 9 weight4 ,new 8plac]s10 z ! 8wa%+s10 or 8dry digg+s0 are call$1 h con/antly be5 discov]$1 & p h ru%$ to ^! hills f all qu>t]s1 ) pans1 tubs1 pickaxes1 %ovels1 hoes1 filt]+-ma*9es1 & en]getic s9ews1 till !y h extract$1 by digg+1 wa%+1 c41 millions on millions ( doll>s' wor? ( ! yell[ treasure4 ,gold is n[ f\nd ov] an ext5t ( _m hundr$ miles1 & also on ! ,gila1 & ?r\gh\t ! great c5tral plateau1 nor? & nor?-ea/ ( x4 ,9 a favorable locality1 ! lucky f9d] ( a plac] w sift out hundr$s ( doll>s' wor? 9 a day4 ,p]sons ) n a %irt to _! backs1 & sc>cely a :ole g>m5t ^u !m1 are se5 ) bags ( gold 9 _! h&s4 ,prices ( ev]y?+ w5t up at once to an enorm\s rate3 labor]'s wages became eight or t5 doll>s a day2 cooks at ! digg+s1 t5 doll>s a day2 cl]ks1 fifte5 hundr$ doll>s to six ?\s& doll>s p] annum1 c41 c4 ,z all ! productive indu/ry ( ! c\ntry is n[ turn$ to gold-digg+1 & z su* va/ numb]s ( consum]s are flock+ 9 f all p>ts1 prices cont9ue to range high = e article ( necessity1 al?\gh su* l>ge quantities ( goods h be5 s5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gold ,,wa%+ ,,9 ,,cali=nia4 ,! gold fir/ discov]$ 0 evid5tly n 9 its orig9al place1 b _h be5 wa%$ d[n f high] regions2 & :5 all t is ?us spread ?r\gh ! s&s ( ,cali=nia %all h be5 exhau/$1 if x ev] %all be1 !re are l>ge bodies ( aurif]\s qu>tz1 :i* 7) great] labor & exp5se7 w d\btless af=d l>ge supplies ( gold = g5]ations to come4 ,! am\nt ( capital inve/$ 9 qu>tz-m9+1 accord+ to ! /ate c5sus ( #aheb1 0 ab\t six millions1 & 9 plac] & o!r m9+ op]ations1 ab\t f\r millions ( doll>s2 & ! sum total ( ^! am\nts has be5 greatly increas$ s9ce t date4 ,up to ! close ( #ahea1 !re _h be5 deposit$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates m9t1 #ih1djg1iij ( ,cali=nia gold2 & ! deposits ( #aheb am\nt$ to #df1ebh1jgf1 mak+ a total ( #ade1jjj1jjj4 ,b all ?is falls f> %ort ( ! real am\nt produc$2 z probably q z mu* m has be5 s5t to ,europe 9 ! %ape ( du/ or bullion1 n to m5tion ! unreport$ sums :i* h be5 privately tak5 out ( ! /ate4 ,an (ficial e/imate /ates ! production ( ,am]ican gold 9 #ahec1 at #aji1aef1gdh2 & ( ?is sum ne>ly ! :ole is f ! m9es ( ,cali=nia4 ,& ?is va/ am\nt is /eadily on ! increase1 9 ab\t ! proportion ( ! increase ( ! m9+ population1 s t ,cali=nia n only is1 b is likely to cont9ue to be ! great gold-field ( ! _w4 ,be=e leav+ ,cali=nia1 x may n be amiss to add1 t ! c\ntry ab\nds 9 m9es ( almo/ e k9d1 z well z gold4 ,quicksilv]1 pla/]1 lead1 iron1 silv]1 copp]1 asphaltum & m>ble1 are f\nd 9 ,butte1 & also 9 ,m>ion c\nty2 ri* silv] m9es & coal1 9 ,san ,l\is ,obispo2 copi\s salt spr+s1 9 ,%a/a2 bitum9\s spr+s1 9 _m places along ! coa/2 hot sulphur spr+s1 9 ,santa ,b>b>a2 w>m soda spr+s1 ne> ,b5icia2 & plat9a is said to be widely di/ribut$ 9 almo/ e section :]e gold has be5 f\nd4 ,silv] has be5 discov]$ 9 sev]al m9es 9 ! s\!rn di/rict2 copp] is widely di/ribut$ 9 o!r sections beside ^? above-m5tion$2 *romium occurs 9 l>ge quantities 9 ! s]p5t9e rocks2 & diamonds are report$ to h be5 rec5tly f\nd 9 sev]al localities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,place ,,:]e ,,gold ,,0 ,,fir/ ,,discov]$ ,,9 ,,au/ralia4 ,at a date /ill lat] ?an ! discov]y ( gold 9 ,cali=nia1 ! same preci\s metal 0 discov]$ 9 ,au/ralia4 ,! cut on ! foll[+ page gives a view ( ! place :]e x 0 fir/ f\nd1 9 ! c\nty ( ,ba?ur/1 n f> f ,sydney 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,x is wor?y ( note t we owe ! discov]y ( gold 9 ,au/ralia to ! high /ate ( geological sci5ce4 ,sir ,r4 ,mur*ison1 9 8 address to ! ,london ,geographical ,society 9 #ahdd1 allud$ to ! possibly aurif]\s "* ( ! great ea/]n *a9 ( ,au/ralia1 be+ l$ !reto by 8 k ( ! aurif]\s *a9 ( ! ,ural1 & by 8 exam9ation ( ,c\nt ,/rzelecki's specim5s1 maps & sections4 ,"s ( ,sir ,r4 ,mur*ison's obs]vations hav+ f\nd _! way to ! ,au/ralian pap]s1 a ,mr4 ,smi?1 at t "t engag$ 9 "s iron works at ,b]rima1 0 induc$ by !m 9 ! ye> #ahdi to se>* = gold1 & he f\nd x4 ,he s5t ! gold to ! colonial gov]nm5t1 & (f]$ to disclose its locality on paym5t ( five hundr$ p\nds /]l+4 ,! gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 n putt+ full fai? 9 ! /atem5t1 & be+1 moreov]1 unwill+ to enc\rage a gold fev] )\t suffici5t reason1 decl9$ to grant ! sum1 b (f]$1 if ,mr4 ,smi? w\ld m5tion ! locality1 & ! discov]y 0 f\nd to be valuable1 to rew>d him accord+ly4 ,v unwisely1 z x turn$ out1 ,mr4 ,smi? did n accept ?is (f]2 & x rema9$ = ,mr4 ,h>graves1 :o came ) ! pre/ige ( 8 ,cali=nia exp]i5ce1 to make ! discov]y anew1 & get ! rew>d f ! ,engli% gov]nm5t on _! own conditions4 ,! fir/ discov]y 0 made 9 ! banks ( ! ,summ] ,hill creek & ! ,lewis ,ponds riv]1 small /reams :i* run f ! nor!rn flank ( ! ,conobalas d[n to ! ,macqu>rie4 ,! gold 0 f\nd 9 ! s& & gravel accumulat$1 especially on ! inside ( ! b5ds ( ! brook1 & at ! junction ( ! two wat]-c\rses1 :]e ! /ream ( ea* w\ld be (t5 *eck$ by ! o!r4 ,x 0 co>se gold1 %[+ its p>5t site to be at no great di/ance1 & probably 9 ! qu>tz ve9s trav]s+ ! metamorphic rocks ( ! ,conobalas4 ,mr4 ,/ut*bury1 ! gov]nm5t geologi/1 report$ on ! tru? ( ! discov]y1 & %ortly aft]w>d f\nd gold 9 sev]al o!r localities1 especially on ! banks ( ! ,turon1 "s di/ance nor?-ea/ ( ! ,conobalas4 ,?is 0 a mu* wid] & m op5 valley ?an ! ,summ] ,hill creek1 & ! gold accord+ly 0 mu* f9]1 occurr+ 9 small scales & flakes4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 m regul>ly & equably di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! soil1 s t a man might reckon ) ! greate/ c]ta9ty on ! quantity 8 daily labor w\ld return him4 ,at ! head ( ! ,turon riv]1 among ! d>k gl5s & gullies 9 :i* x collects its head-wat]s1 9 ! flanks ( ! ,blue m\nta9s1 ! gold got 8co>s]10 occurr$ 9 l>ge lumps or nuggets1 b ^! 7 m sp>+ly scatt]$4 ,z already said1 ! discov]y 0 made by ,mr4 ,h>graves1 9 ,may1 #ahej2 & be=e ! end ( ,june1 !re 7 m ?an tw5ty ?\s& p]sons at ! m9es4 ,:5 x 0 kn[n 9 ! t[n ( ,ba?ur/1 t ! discov]y _h be5 made1 & t ! c\ntry1 f ! m\nta9 ranges1 back to an indef9ite ext5t 9 ! int]ior1 0 probably "o imm5se goldfield1 ! excitem5t 0 int5se & univ]sal4 ,a complete phr5sy seem$ to seize on ! entire population2 ! bus9ess ( ! t[n 0 p>alyz$2 & !re 0 a univ]sal ru% to ! digg+s4 ,p ( all trades1 call+s & pursuits 7 quickly trans=m$ into m9]s2 & _m a h& :i* _h be5 tra9$ to kid gloves1 or accu/om$ only to ! quill1 became n]v\s to clut* ! pick or cr[b>1 or to 8rock ! cradle0 at ! newly discov]$ m9es4 ,! roads 7 lit]ally alive ) ! cr[ds press+ on f e qu>t]1 "s arm$ ) pickaxes1 o!rs %\ld]+ cr[b>s & %ovels1 & n a few /rung r\nd ) h&-bas9s1 t9-pots & cull5d]s4 ,scores ru%$ f _! homes1 ) only a blanket1 & a pick or grubb+-hoe1 full ( hope t a few days w\ld give !m heaps ( ! preci\s metal4 ,ev]y?+ at once rose 9 price1 & ! :ole face ( society 0 spe$ily *ang$ 9 almo/ e aspect4 ,! fir/ pieces f\nd 7 9 gra9s4 ,soon a piece 0 pick$ up weigh+ "s elev5 ounces2 & soon aft]1 sev]al lumps weigh+ toge!r ab\t ?ree p\nds4 ,gold 0 spe$ily discov]$ 9 almo/ e place :]e x 0 look$ =2 9 ! b$s ( ! /reams1 & 9 ve9s ( qu>tz1 9 gra9s1 9 scales1 & 9 lumps ( v>i\s weights4 ,"s1 z might be expect$1 7 successful1 & "s comp>atively unsuccessful 9 seek+ x2 ! great mass ( ! m9]s av]ag+ n m ?an f\r or five doll>s a day1 :ile 9 "s r>e cases a s+le individual ga!r$ to ! value ( a ?\s& doll>s 9 ! same "t4 ,gold 0 soon discov]$ 9 ! ,well+ton di/rict1 & 9 v>i\s o!r places4 ,"o piece 0 pick$ up weigh+ almo/ five p\nds2 & f a s+le cleft 9 a rock1 a m9] took out elev5 p\nds' weight ( gold1 9 sep>ate pieces ( v>i\s sizes4 ,a ,scot*man ga!r$ f\rte5 hundr$ doll>s' wor? 9 f\r days1 & eight ( 8 associates av]ag$ f ?irty to =ty doll>s' wor? a day4 ,app>5tly !re is no end to ! supply1 at lea/ = ye>s to come2 & all ?is )9 =ty miles ( a t[n :]e e com=t1 n to say luxury1 c be obta9$1 ) a good po/-road all ! way to ,sydney1 & 9 ! mid/ ( tracts ( ! mo/ f]tile l&1 p>tly occupi$1 & :]e food may be suppli$ = millions ( inhabitants1 if ne$$4 ,an (ficial /atem5t e/imates ! supply ( ,au/ralian gold at sixty million doll>s a ye>2 & 9 addition to ! gold1 diamonds & plat9um h also be5 f\nd4 ,au/ralia & ,cali=nia are likely to be ! great s\rces ( ! supply ( gold1 comp>$ ) :i* all o!rs w be relatively unimportant4 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( gold1 x may be int]e/+ to ! read] to trace ! process ( its co9age1 :i* may ?us be briefly /at$4 ,! metal1 aft] be+ receiv$ 9 ! deposit-room1 is c>efully weigh$1 & a receipt giv54 ,ea* deposit is !n melt$ sep>ately 9 ! melt+-room1 & mold$ into b>s4 ,^! b>s next pass ?r\gh ! h&s ( ! assay]1 :o ) a *isel *ips a small fragm5t f ea* "o4 ,ea* *ip is !n roll$ into a ?9 ribbon1 & fil$ d[n until x weighs exactly t5 gra9s4 ,x is !n melt$ into a little cup made ( calc9$ bone a%es1 & all ! base metals1 copp]1 t91 c41 are absorb$ by ! por\s mat]ial ( ! cup or c>ri$ (f by oxydation4 ,! gold is !n boil$ 9 nitric acid1 :i* dissolves ! silv] :i* x conta9s1 & leaves ! gold pure4 ,x is !n weigh$1 & ! am\nt :i* x has lo/ gives ! exact proportion ( impurity 9 ! orig9al b>1 & a c]tificate ( ! am\nt ( co9 due ! depositor is made out accord+ly4 ,aft] be+ assay$1 ! b>s are melt$ ) a c]ta9 proportion ( silv]1 & be+ p\r$ into a dilution ( nitric acid & wat]1 assume a granulat$ =m4 ,9 ?is /ate ! gold is ?or\ghly boil$ 9 nitric acid1 & r5d]$ p]fectly free f silv] or any o!r bas] metals :i* may happ5 to cl+ to x4 ,x is next melt$ ) "o-n9? its weight ( copp]1 &1 ?us alloy$1 is run into b>s1 & deliv]$ to ! co9] = co9age4 ,! b>s are roll$ out 9 a roll+-mill until ne>ly z ?9 z ! co9 :i* is to be made f !m4 ,by a process ( anneal+ !y are r5d]$ suffici5tly ductile to be drawn ?r\gh a longitud9al orifice 9 a piece ( /eel1 ?us r$uc+ ! :ole to a regul> wid? & ?ickness4 ,a cutt+-ma*9e next pun*es small r\nd pieces f ! b>1 ab\t ! size ( ! co94 ,^! pieces are weigh$ sep>ately by ! 8adju/]s10 & if too heavy are fil$ d[n2 if too light !y are melt$ aga94 ,! pieces :i* h be5 adju/$ are run ?r\gh a mill+-ma*9e1 :i* compresses !m to ! "r diamet] & raises ! edge4 ,two hundr$ & fifty are mill$ 9 a m9ute by ! ma*9e4 ,!y are !n aga9 s(t5$ by ! process ( anneal+1 & aft] a ?or\gh clean+ are plac$ 9 a tube connect+ ) ! /amp+ in/rum5t1 & are tak5 !nce "o at a "t by ! ma*9]y1 & /amp$ betwe5 ! dies4 ,!y are n[ f9i%$1 &1 be+ ?r[n into a box1 are deliv]$ to ! treasur] = circulation4 ,! ma*9]y1 ( c\rse1 = all ^? processes1 mu/ be ( ! nice/ k9d4 ,:5 9 full op]ation1 a m9t l t ( ,engl&1 or t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates at ,philadelphia1 c co9 millions on millions 9 a ye>4 ,,quicksilv] ,,m9es4 ,quicksilv]1 or m]cury1 is ! only metal :i* rema9s liquid at ord9>y temp]atures4 ,x is :ite & v brilliant1 z may be se5 9 common !rmomet]s4 ,x boils at six hundr$ & sixty degrees ( heat2 & freezes1 & assumes a cry/all9e texture1 at =ty degrees bel[ z]o4 ,x is ext5sively us$ 9 its v>i\s =ms 9 ! arts1 & also = m$ic9al purposes4 ,! !rmomet] & b>omet] illu/rate "s ( its uses 9 its pure /ate2 ! backs ( our common mirrors are cov]$ ) x1 :i* gives !m _! reflect+ p[]2 x is us$ ext5sively 9 sep>at+ "s ( ! pur] metals f ! mixtures ) :i* !y are f\nd2 & 9 "s ( its =ms or comb9ations1 x is ! basis ( calomel1 corrosive sublimate1 v]milion1 c4 ,m]cury is f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w4 ,among its pr9cipal m9es are ^? ( ,almad51 ne> ,cordova1 9 ,spa91 & ( ,idria1 ne> ,c>niola1 9 ,au/ria2 ?\gh x is also f\nd 9 ,p]u1 ,cali=nia1 ,italy & ,*9a4 ,=m]ly mo/ ( ! quicksilv] came f ,g]many2 b m rec5tly ! l>ge/ production is probably 9 ,spa94 ,s ext5sively is x us$1 t 9 #ahca1 ov] ?ree hundr$ ?\s& p\nds 7 br\ght f ! cont95t into ,engl&2 & = ! f\rte5 ye>s end+ 9 #ahbh1 ! imports ( x into ,canton1 by ! ,engli% & ,am]icans1 av]ag$ ne>ly six hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p\nds a ye>1 wor? "s ?ree hundr$ & fifty ?\s& doll>s4 ,( all ! quicksilv] m9es1 ^? ( ,idria1 m5tion$ above1 are "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+1 & dem& a p>ticul> description1 z !y h be5 celebrat$ 9 natural hi/ory1 poetry & romance4 ,! ban ( ,idria1 is a di/rict ( ,au/ria1 ly+ we/ ( ,c>niola4 ,! t[n1 :i* is small1 is seat$ 9 a deep valley1 amid high m\nta9s1 on ! riv] ( ! same "n1 & at ! bottom ( s /eep a desc5t1 t its approa* is a task ( great difficulty1 & sometimes ( dang]4 ,! m9es 7 discov]$ 9 #adig1 be=e :i* "t t "p ( ! c\ntry 0 inhabit$ by a few coop]s only1 & o!r artific]s 9 wood1 ) :i* ! t]ritory ab\nds4 ,"o ev5+1 a coop] hav+ plac$ a new tub "u a dropp+ spr+1 to try if x w\ld hold wat]1 on return+ ! next morn+1 f\nd x s heavy t he c\ld sc>cely move x4 ,he at fir/ 0 l$ by 8 sup]/ition to suspect t ! tub 0 bewit*$2 b spy+1 at l5g?1 a %9+ fluid at ! bottom1 ) ! nature ( :i* he 0 unacqua9t$1 he collect$ x1 & proce$$ to an apo!c>y at ,lauba*1 :o1 be+ an artful man1 dismiss$ him ) a small recomp5se1 reque/+ t he w\ld n fail to br+ him fur!r supplies4 ,f ?is small beg9n+1 ! product ( ^! m9es has /eadily increas$2 & n[ might easily be made six hundr$ tuns p] ye>1 ?\gh to uphold ! price ( ! metal1 ! ,au/rian gov]nm5t has re/rict$ ! annual production to "o hundr$ & fifty tuns4 ,9 #ahjc1 a disa/r\s fire took place 9 ^! m9es1 :i* 0 ext+ui%$ only by dr[n+ all ! und]gr\nd work+s4 ,! m]cury1 sublim$ by ! heat 9 ?is cata/rophe1 occasion$ diseases & n]v\s trembl+s 9 m ?an n9e hundr$ p]sons 9 ! neighborhood4 ,! subt]rane\s passages ( ! great m9e are s ext5sive1 t x w\ld require sev]al h\rs to pass ?r\gh !m4 ,! greate/ p]p5dicul> dep?1 comput+ f ! entrance ( ! %aft1 is eight hundr$ & =ty feet2 b z ^! passages advance horizontally1 "u a high m\nta91 ! dep? w\ld be mu* great] if ! measure 7 tak5 f ! surface4 ,"o mode ( desc5d+ ! %aft is by a bucket1 b z ! entrance is n>r[1 ! bucket is liable to /rike aga9/ ! sides1 or to be /opp$ by "s ob/acle1 s t x may be readily ov]set4 ,a second mode ( desc5d+1 :i* is saf]1 is by means ( a great numb] ( ladd]s1 plac$ obliquely1 9 a k9d ( zigzag3 z ! ladd]s1 h[ev]1 are wet & n>r[1 a p]son mu/ be v cauti\s h[ he /eps1 to prev5t 8 fall+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! desc5t1 !re are sev]al re/+-places1 :i* are extremely welcome to ! we>i$ travel]4 ,9 "s ( ! subt]rane\s passages1 ! heat is s int5se z to occasion a pr(use sweat2 & 9 sev]al ( ! %afts ! air 0 =m]ly s conf9$1 t sev]al m9]s 7 suffocat$ by an igne\s vapor1 or gase\s exhalation1 call$ ! fire-damp4 ,?is has be5 prev5t$ by s9k+ ! ma9 %aft deep]4 ,ne> to x is a l>ge :eel1 & a hydraulic ma*9e1 by :i* ! m9e is cle>$ ( wat]4 ,to ^! p]nici\s & deadly cav]ns1 crim9als are occasionally bani%$ by ! ,au/rian gov]nm5t2 & x has sometimes happ5$ t ?is puni%m5t has be5 allott$ to p]sons ( consid]able rank & family4 ,! case ( ,c\nt ,alb]ti is an int]e/+ in/ance ( ?is k9d4 ,! c\nt1 hav+ f\ght a duel ) an ,au/rian g5]al1 aga9/ ! emp]or's comm&1 & hav+ left him = dead1 0 oblig$ to seek refuge 9 "o ( ! =e/s ( ,i/ria1 :]e he 0 appreh5d$1 & aft]w>d rescu$ by a b& ( robb]s :o _h long infe/$ t qu>t]4 ,) ^! b&itti he sp5t n9e mon?s1 until1 by a close inve/m5t ( ! place 9 :i* !y 7 conceal$1 & aft] a v ob/9ate resi/ance1 9 :i* ! great] "p ( !m 7 kill$1 he 0 tak5 & c>ri$ to ,vi5na1 to be brok5 alive on ! :eel4 ,?is puni%m5t 01 by ! int]cession ( 8 fri5ds1 *ang$ into t ( p]petual conf9em5t & labor 9 ! m9es ( ,idria2 a s5t5ce :i*1 to a noble m9d1 0 worse ?an dea?4 ,to ^! m9es he 0 accompani$ by ! c\ntess1 8 lady1 :o belong$ to "o ( ! fir/ families 9 ,g]many1 & :o1 hav+ tri$ e means to procure h] husb&'s p>don )\t effect1 resolv$ at l5g? to %>e 8 mis]ies1 z %e c\ld n relieve !m4 ,!y 7 t]m9at$1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh ! m$iation ( ! g5]al ) :om ! duel _h be5 f\ght1 :o z soon z he recov]$ f 8 w\nds1 obta9$ a p>don = 8 un=tunate oppon5t2 & ,alb]ti1 on 8 return to ,vi5na1 0 aga9 tak5 into favor1 & re/or$ to 8 =tune & rank4 ,,iron ,,m9es4 ,! metal :i* is call$ iron1 is famili> to all1 bo? = its value & its v>i\s uses4 ,x is capable ( be+ ca/ 9 molds ( any =m2 ( be+ drawn 9 wires1 ext5d$ 9 plates or %eets1 ( be+ b5t 9 e direction1 & ( be+ %>p5$1 h>d5$1 or s(t5$ at pleasure4 ,x accommodates itself to all our wants1 desires1 & ev5 caprices2 x is equally s]viceable to ! arts1 ! sci5ces1 to agriculture1 & to w>2 & ! same ore furni%es ! sword1 ! pl[%>e1 ! scy!1 ! prun+-hook1 ! ne$le1 ! grav]1 ! spr+ ( ! wat* or t ( ! c>riage1 ! *isel1 ! *a91 ! an*or1 ! compass1 ! cannon1 ! bomb1 ! edge ( ! f9e/ knife or razor1 & ! pond]\s trip-hamm] ( enorm\s weight4 ,x is a m$ic9e ( mu* virtue1 & ! only metal :i* is always useful1 & t5ds to no injury to mank9d4 ,! ores ( iron are scatt]$ ov] ! entire cru/ ( ! globe 9 b5efic5t pr(usion1 & 9 proportion to ! utility ( ! metal itself3 !y are f\nd 9 e latitude & zone1 9 e m9]al =mation1 & 9 e soil & clime4 ,^! ores are n9ete5 9 numb]1 t5 ( :i* are work$ to pr(it by ! m9]1 ei!r = ! sake ( ! iron !y conta91 = use 9 _! native /ate1 or = extract+ f !m "s pr9ciple or mat]ial1 useful 9 manufactures or ! arts4 ,native iron1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* 0 =m]ly que/ion$1 has be5 f\nd 9 sev]al places3 x is1 h[ev]1 f> f be+ common1 ?\gh x occurs 9 sev]al m9es4 ,a mass ( ?is description ( iron 0 discov]$ 9 ! di/rict ( ,santiago del ,e/]o1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 by a p>ty ( ,indians1 9 ! mid/ ( a widely ext5d$ pla94 ,x project$ ab\t a foot above ! gr\nd1 ne>ly ! :ole ( its upp] surface be+ visible2 & ! news ( its hav+ be5 f\nd 9 a c\ntry :]e !re are n any m\nta9s1 nor ev5 ! smalle/ /one1 )9 ! circumf]5ce ( a hundr$ leagues1 0 consid]$ z truly surpris+4 ,al?\gh ! j\rney 0 att5d$ ) great dang]1 on acc\nt ( ! want ( wat]1 & abundance ( wild bea/s 9 ^! des]ts1 sev]al individuals1 9 ! hope ( ga91 und]took to visit ?is mass2 &1 hav+ accompli%$ _! j\rney1 s5t a specim5 ( ! metal to ,lima & ,madrid1 :]e x 0 f\nd to be v pure s(t iron4 ,z x 0 report$ t ?is mass 0 ! extremity ( an imm5se ve9 ( ! metal1 a metallurgi/ 0 s5t to exam9e ! spot1 & by him x 0 f\nd buri$ 9 pure clay & a%es4 ,ext]nally x _h ! appe>ance ( v compact iron1 b 0 int]nally full ( cavities1 z if ! :ole _h be5 =m]ly 9 a liquid /ate4 ,?is idea 0 confirm$ by its hav+1 on its surface1 ! impression ( human feet & h&s ( a l>ge size1 z well z t ( ! feet ( a description ( l>ge birds1 v common 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,al?\gh ^! impressions seem$ v p]fect1 x 0 conclud$ ei!r t !y 7 lusus natur1 or t impressions ( ?is k9d 7 previ\sly on ! gr\nd1 & t ! liquid mass ( iron1 9 fall+ on x1 receiv$ !m4 ,x _h ! greate/ resemblance to a mass ( d\gh2 :i*1 hav+ be5 /amp$ ) impressions ( h&s & feet1 & m>k$ ) a f+]1 _h aft]w>d be5 conv]t$ into iron4 ,on digg+ r\nd ! mass1 ! "u surface 0 f\nd cov]$ ) a coat ( scori f f\r to six in*es ?ick1 und\bt$ly occasion$ by ! moi/ure ( ! e>?1 ! upp] surface be+ clean4 ,no appe>ance ( ! =mation ( iron 0 obs]v$ 9 ! e>?1 bel[ or r\nd x1 = a great di/ance4 ,ab\t two leagues to ! ea/w>d 0 a bracki% m9]al spr+1 & a v g5tle asc5t ( f f\r to six feet 9 hight1 runn+ f nor? to s\?3 ) ?is exception1 ! adjac5t t]ritory 0 a p]fect level4 ,ab\t ! spr+1 z well z ne> ! mass1 ! e>? 0 v light1 loose1 & greatly resembl+ a%es1 ev5 9 color4 ,! grass 9 ! vic9ity 0 v %ort1 small1 & extremely unpalatable to ! cattle2 b t at a di/ance 0 long1 & extremely grateful to !m4 ,f ^! concurr5t circum/ances x 0 conclud$1 t ?is mass ( native iron1 :i* 0 e/imat$ to weigh ab\t ?ree hundr$ qu9tals1 0 produc$ by a volcanic explosion4 ,x is /at$ z an und\bt$ fact1 t 9 "o ( ! =e/s ( ! above di/rict ( ,santiago del ,e/]o1 !re exi/s a mass ( pure native iron1 9 ! %ape ( a tree ) its bran*es4 ,at a little dep? 9 ! e>? are f\nd /ones ( qu>tz1 ( a beautiful r$ color1 :i* ! honey-ga!r]s1 ! only p]sons :o frequ5t ?is rude t]ritory1 employ z fl9ts to light _! fires4 ,sev]al ( ^! 7 select$ on acc\nt ( _! peculi> beauty1 !y be+ spott$ & /udd$1 z x 71 ) gold3 "o ( !m1 weigh+ ab\t an ounce1 0 gr\nd by ! gov]nor ( ! di/rict1 :o extract$ f x a dram ( gold4 ,a fibr\s k9d ( native iron has be5 f\nd at ,eb5/ock1 9 ,saxony1 & also 9 ,sib]ia1 :]e "o p>ticul> mass weigh$ sixte5 hundr$ p\nds4 ,x resembl$ =g$ iron 9 its composition1 & 0 malleable :5 cold1 b brittle :5 r$-hot4 ,9 ,s5egal1 :]e x is mo/ common1 x is ( a cubical =m1 & is employ$ by ! natives 9 ! manufacture ( diff]5t k9ds ( vessels4 ,native meteoric iron1 call$ also nickelif]\s1 f its conta9+ nickel1 & native /eel iron1 :i* has _m ( ! *>act]s ( ca/ /eel1 h also be5 f\nd4 ,iron1 al?\gh "o ( ! imp]fect metals1 is susceptible ( a v high poli%1 & m capable ?an any o!r metal ( hav+ its h>dness increas$ or dim9i%$ by c]ta9 *emical processes4 ,x is (t5 manufactur$ 9 su* a way z to be "o hundr$ & fifty times1 &1 z w n[ be se51 9 "s cases1 to be ev5 above six hundr$ & ?irty times m valuable ?an gold4 ,on weigh+ sev]al common wat*-p5dulum spr+s1 su* z are sold = ord9>y "w by ! ,london arti/s1 at half a cr[n1 t5 ( !m 7 f\nd to weigh b "o s+le gra94 ,h5ce "o p\nd avoirdupois1 equal to sev5 ?\s& gra9s1 conta9s t5 times t numb] ( ^! spr+s1 :i* am\nt1 at half a cr[n ea*1 to eight ?\s&1 sev5 hundr$ & fifty p\nds /]l+4 ,reckon+ ! troy ounce ( gold at f\r p\nds /]l+1 & ! p\nd equal to fifty-sev5 hundr$ & sixty gra9s1 at =ty-eight p\nds /]l+1 ! value ( an avoirdupois p\nd ( gold is ov] fifty-eight p\nds /]l+4 ,! above am\nt ( ! value ( ! wat*-spr+s weigh+ an avoirdupois p\nd1 be+ divid$ by t sum1 w give a ratio ( some:at m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty to "o4 ,b ! p5dulum-spr+s ( ! be/ k9d ( wat*es sell at half a gu9ea ea*2 & at ?is price ! above-m5tion$ value is increas$ 9 ! ratio ( f\r & "o-fif? to "o2 :i* gives an am\nt ( ?irty-six ?\s&1 sev5 hundr$ & fifty p\nds /]l+4 ,?is sum be+ divid$ by ! value ( ! avoirdupois p\nd ( gold1 gives a quoti5t ( m ?an six hundr$ & ?irty to "o4 ,x is "o ( ! valuable prop]ties ( iron1 aft] x is r$uc$ into ! /ate ( /eel1 t1 al?\gh x is suffici5tly s(t :5 hot1 or :5 gradually cool$1 to be =m$ )\t difficulty into v>i\s tools & ut5sils1 /ill x may be aft]w>d r5d]$ m or less h>d1 ev5 to an extreme degree1 by simply plung+ x1 :5 r$-hot1 into cold wat]4 ,?is is call$ temp]+1 ! h>dness produc$ be+ great] 9 proportion z ! /eel is hott] & ! wat] cool]4 ,h5ce arises ! sup]iority ( ?is metal = mak+ me*anics' in/rum5ts or tools1 by :i* all o!r metals1 & ev5 itself1 are fil$1 drill$ & cut4 ,! v>i\s degrees ( h>dness giv5 to iron1 dep5d on ! quantity ( ignition x possesses at ! mom5t ( be+ temp]$1 :i* is manife/$ by ! succession ( color exhibit$ on ! surface ( ! metal1 9 ! progress ( its receiv+ ! increas+ heat4 ,^! are1 ! yell[i% :ite1 yell[1 gold-color1 purple1 violet1 & deep blue2 aft] ! exhibition ( :i* ! complete ignition takes place4 ,^! colors proce$ f a k9d ( scorification on ! surface ( ! heat$ metal4 ,! l>ge/ iron-works 9 ,engl& are c>ri$ on 9 ,colebrookdale1 9 ,%rop%ire4 ,?is spot1 :i* is situat$ betwe5 two t[]+ & v>iegat$ hills1 cov]$ ) wood1 possesses peculi> advantages1 ! ore be+ obta9$ f ! adjac5t hills1 ! coals f ! vale1 & abundance ( lime/one f ! qu>ries 9 ! vic9ity4 ,! romantic sc5]y :i* nature "h exhibits1 & ! works :i* are c>ri$ on1 seem to realize ! anci5t fable ( ! ,cyclops4 ,! noise ( ! =ges1 mills1 c41 ) all _! va/ ma*9]y1 ! flames bur/+ f ! furnaces1 ) ! burn+ coal1 & ! smoke ( ! lime-kilns1 are altoge!r horribly sublime4 ,to complete ! peculi>ities ( ! spot1 a bridge1 entirely con/ruct$ ( iron1 is "h ?r[n ov] ! ,sev]n4 ,9 "o place x has p>t$1 & a *asm is =m$2 b su* is its firm basis1 t ! fissure has nei!r injur$ its /r5g? nor utility4 ,! great sup]iority ( ,sw$i% iron ov] t ( all o!r c\ntries1 = ! manufacture ( /eel1 is well kn[n1 & is ascrib$ to ! great purity ( ! ore f :i* ! iron is smelt$4 ,! ,briti% /eel-mak]s h f\nd x difficult to employ ,briti% iron 9 _! processes1 x be+ too brittle to be> cem5tation2 b attempts h be5 made at ,%effield1 ) "s success4 ,wootz1 a species ( /eel f ,india1 has be5 successfully us$ = nic] k9ds ( cutl]y4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! ,sw$i% m9es1 if ! "n c ) propriety be appli$ to x1 is ,tab]n1 a m\nta9 ( a consid]able size1 compos$ entirely ( pure iron ore1 & occurr+ 9 a l>ge tract ( s&1 ov] :i* x seems to h be5 deposit$4 ,?is m\nta9 has be5 wr\ght = ne>ly ?ree c5turies1 not)/&+ :i* its size is sc>cely dim9i%$4 ,b ! ri*e/ iron m9e ( ,sw$5 is t ( ,danmora1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,upl&4 ,x is 9 dep? eighty fa?oms2 occupies a consid]able ext5t ( t]ritory2 & its ore is convey$ to ! surface ( ! e>?1 ?r\gh sev]al pits or op5+s made = t purpose1 by means ( casks fix$ to l>ge cables1 :i* are put 9 motion by horses4 ,! workm5 /&+ on ! edges ( ^! casks1 & hav+ _! arms clasp$ r\nd ! cable1 desc5d & asc5d ) ! utmo/ composure4 ,! wat] is drawn f ! bottom by a :eel sixty-six feet 9 diamet]1 & is aft]w>d convey$ along an aqu$uct ne>ly a mile & a half 9 l5g?4 ,at c]ta9 di/ances f ,danmora1 are sev]al furnaces1 ) l>ge & popul\s villages exclusively inhabit$ by ! m9]s4 ,9 ,wraxall's t\r ?r\gh ! nor? ( ,europe1 ! m9e ( ,danmora is describ$ z yield+ ! f9e/ iron ore 9 ,europe1 its produce be+ export$ to e c\ntry1 & con/itut+ "o ( ! mo/ important s\rces ( national weal? & royal rev5ue4 ,! ore is n dug1 z is usual 9 o!r m9es1 b is torn up by ! =ce ( gunp[d]1 an op]ation :i* is p]=m$ e day at noon1 & is "o ( ! mo/ awful & trem5d\s t c possibly be conceiv$4 8,we arriv$10 obs]ves ! t\ri/1 8at ! m\? ( ! great m9e1 :i* is ne>ly half an ,engli% mile 9 circumf]5ce1 9 "t to be pres5t at x4 ,soon aft] twelve ! fir/ explosion took place1 & c\ld n be s aptly comp>$ to any?+ z to subt]rane\s ?und]1 or r volleys ( artill]y dis*>g$ "u gr\nd4 ,! /ones 7 ?r[n up1 by ! viol5ce ( ! gunp[d]1 to a va/ hight above ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 & ! concussion 0 s great z to %ake ! surr\nd+ e>? or rock on e side4 8,z soon z ! explosion _h ceas$1 ,i det]m9$ to desc5d into ! m9e1 to effect :i* ,i _h to seat myself 9 a l>ge1 deep bucket1 capable ( conta9+ ?ree p]sons1 & fa/5$ by *a9s to a rope4 ,:5 ,i f\nd myself ?us susp5d$ betwe5 heav5 & e>? by a rope1 & look$ d[n into ! d>k & deep abyss b5ea? me1 to :i* ,i c\ld see no t]m9ation1 ,i %udd]$ ) appreh5sion1 & half rep5t$ my curiosity4 ,?is 01 h[ev]1 only a mom5t>y s5sation1 & be=e ,i _h desc5d$ a hundr$ feet1 ,i look$ r\nd on ! sc5e ) v tol]able composure4 ,x 0 ne>ly n9e m9utes be=e ,i rea*$ ! bottom2 & :5 ,i set my foot on ! e>?1 ! view ( ! m9e 0 awful & sublime 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,:e!r1 z ,i survey$ x1 t]ror or pleasure =m$ ! pr$om9ant feel+1 is h>d to say4 ,! light ( ! day 0 v fa9tly admitt$ into ^! subt]rane\s cav]ns3 9 _m places x 0 absolutely lo/1 & flambeaux 7 k9dl$ 9 its /ead4 ,beams ( wood 7 laid across "s p>ts1 f "o side ( ! rock to ! o!r2 & on ^! ! m9]s sat1 employ$ 9 bor+ holes = ! admission ( gunp[d]1 ) ! mo/ p]fect unconc]n1 al?\gh ! lea/ dizz9ess1 or ev5 a failure 9 pres]v+ _! equilibrium1 mu/ h made !m lose _! seat1 & h da%$ !m aga9/ ! rugg$ surface ( ! rock b5ea?4 ,! fragm5ts torn up by ! explosion1 previ\sly to my desc5t1 lay 9 va/ heaps on all sides1 & ! :ole sc5e 0 calculat$ to inspire a gloomy admiration4 8,i rema9$ ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r 9 ^! frightful & gloomy cav]ns1 :i* f9d employm5t = n less ?an ?irte5 hundr$ workm51 & trav]s$ e "p ( !m :i* 0 accessible1 conduct$ by my guides4 ,! wea!r above 0 v w>m1 b "h ! ice cov]$ ! :ole surface ( ! gr\nd1 & ,i f\nd myself surr\nd$ ) ! colds ( ! mo/ rigor\s w9t]1 amid d>kness & caves ( iron4 ,9 "o ( ^!1 :i* ran a consid]able way b5ea? ! rock1 7 eight wret*$ be+s w>m+ !mselves r\nd a *>coal fire1 & eat+ ! little scanty subsi/5ce aris+ f _! mis]able occupation4 ,!y rose ) surprise at see+ s unexpect$ a gue/ among !m1 & ,i 0 n a little pleas$ to dry my feet1 :i* 7 wet ) tread+ on ! melt$ ice1 at _! fire4 8,hav+ gratifi$ my curiosity ) a view ( ^! subt]rane\s ap>tm5ts1 ,i made ! signal = be+ drawn up1 & felt s little t]ror :ile reasc5d+1 comp>$ ) t ( be+ let d[n1 t ,i am conv9c$1 aft] five or six repetitions1 ,i %\ld h be5 p]fectly indiff]5t to ! und]tak+4 ,s /rong is ! effect ( cu/om on ! human m9d1 & s contemptible does dang] or horror become :5 famili>iz$ by repeat$ trials60 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ext5t ( ,sw$51 ! iron m9es at pres5t wr\ght1 employ ?\s&s ( p]sons1 & yield annually upw>d ( "o hundr$ ?\s& tuns ( metal4 ,!re are said to be betwe5 five & six hundr$ m9es 9 ! entire c\ntry1 ne>ly half ( :i* are situat$ 9 ! c5tral prov9ces3 ?is1 h[ev]1 includes m9es ( all descriptions1 ?\gh by f> ! mo/ are ( iron4 ,! products ( all ^! m9es w\ld be va/ly great] ?an !y are1 7 x n = ! multipli$ & unreasonable re/rictions ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! iron trade ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! dome/ic manufacture ( iron1 7 spok5 ( by ,mr4 ,gallat91 9 a report to ,congress1 9 #ahaj1 z be+ firmly e/abli%$4 ,he 0 able to obta9 v imp]fect in=mation ab\t x1 b x 0 kn[n t iron ore 0 pl5tiful2 t num]\s =ges & furnaces _h be5 erect$1 supply+ 8a suffici5t quantity ( holl[-w>e1 & ( ca/+s ( e description40 ,f ,russia1 ab\t =ty-five hundr$ tuns ( b> iron 7 import$ ye>ly1 & p]haps ano!r =ty-five hundr$ f ,sw$5 & ,engl&4 ,a vague e/imate gave fifty ?\s& tuns ( b> iron z ! annual consumption ( ! union1 ( :i* he consid]$ =ty ?\s& z ! product ( ! republic4 ,"s good iron 0 made 9 ,virg9ia & ,p5nsylvania1 b mu* inf]ior iron1 c>elessly manufactur$1 0 br\ght into m>ket4 ,( %eet1 slit1 & hoop iron1 ab\t five hundr$ & sixty-five tuns 7 annually import$2 ab\t sev5 ?\s& tuns 7 roll$ & slit 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,massa*usetts _h ?irte5 roll+ & slitt+ mills1 & ! value ( cut nails & brads made )9 ! republic 9 a ye>1 0 e/imat$ at twelve hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,ne>ly ?ree hundr$ tuns ( cut nails 7 export$4 ,agricultural implem5ts 7 made at home1 & mu* co>se ironmong]y2 b cutl]y1 f9e h>dw>e1 & /eel "w1 7 br\ght f ,brita94 ,ab\t =ty ?\s& muskets 7 ye>ly made 9 ,new ,engl& & at ,h>p]'s ,f]ry3 also balls1 %ells1 & brass & iron cannon1 9 v>i\s places4 ,!re 7 sev]al iron f\nd]ies = ma*9]y ca/+s1 & /eam-eng9es _h begun to be made at ,philadelphia4 ,mr4 ,gallat9 valu$ ! iron & manufactures ( iron !n annually made at home1 at f twelve to fifte5 millions ( doll>s1 & ! imports at ne> f\r millions1 z prices w5t4 ,adam ,seyb]t enum]ates ! dome/ic products ( #ahaj1 at #ec1ijh tuns ( pig iron1 f #aec furnaces2 #bd1eda tuns ( b> iron f #ccj =ges2 #ae1gbg1iad p\nds ( nails 7p>tly out ( import$ iron7 f #daj nail]ies2 & #f1ejj tuns ( iron 7 requir$ at #caf trip-hamm]s & ?irty-f\r roll+ & slitt+ mills4 ,8 e/imate ( ! value ( ! home manufacture is #ad1cfd1ebf4 ,9 #ahjf or #ahjg1 ,*ancellor ,liv+/on1 !n our m9i/] to ,france1 _h to apply repeat$ly to ! ,briti% m9i/ry = p]mission to buy 9 ,engl&1 & export to ,new ,york1 ! /eam-eng9e :i* ,fulton put on bo>d 8 fir/ /eamboat on ! ,hudson4 ,n[1 ! manufacture ( /eam-eng9es is an important bran* ( our home indu/ry4 ,9 #ahbg-h1 x 0 giv5 9 evid5ce be=e a committee ( ,congress1 t ,p5nsylvania _h made1 dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 #ba1hjj tuns ( b> iron1 & #dg1jge tuns ( ca/ iron2 t #c1jjj tuns ( b> iron 7 made ne> ,lake ,*ampla92 t ?ree c\nties 9 ,new ,j]sey _h made #b1jej tuns1 & t 9 a circle ( ?irty miles' diamet]1 9 ,new ,york1 !re 7 "o hundr$ & t5 =ge fires1 ea* ( !m able to produce tw5ty-five to ?irty-five tuns ye>ly4 ,9 #ahcj1 a committee ( ,congress report$ on ! iron trade1 & f _! report & o!r lat] s\rces1 we le>n t t ye> #aab1hff tuns ( b>1 & #aia1ecg ( pig iron1 wor? #ac1cbg1gfj1 employ+ #bi1bed m51 :o receiv$ #h1ggf1dbj 9 wages1 7 made4 ,p]haps ! quantity & numb] ( workm5 are ov]/at$4 ,9 #ahdj1 ) improv$ ma*9]y1 only #cj1dig m5 produc$ #dhd1acf tuns4 ,)\t coal & iron1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,brita9 nev] c\ld h ris5 to ! rank ( fir/-rate p[]s4 ,9 fact1 )\t iron1 civilization mu/ h made v sl[ progress1 z mu/ be evid5t to any "o :o w take ! tr\ble to try s]i\sly to enum]ate ! v>i\s articles ess5tial to society1 ( :i* iron is an indisp5sable "p4 ,9 #ahci-dj1 accord+ to ! (ficial returns1 :i* are imp]fect1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates produc$1 ) #hjd furnaces1 #bhf1ijc tuns ( ca/ iron1 & ) #gie blom>ies1 =ges & roll+-mills1 #ahg1bcc tuns ( b> iron4 ,! capital inve/$ 0 ne>ly tw5ty & a half millions ( doll>s2 ! m5 employ$1 m9]s includ$1 7 #cj1dig1 & #a1ebh1aaj tuns ( fuel 7 employ$ 9 ^! op]ations4 ,! value ( iron & /eel1 & _! manufactures1 import$ 9 #ahci-dj1 z p] (ficial returns1 0 #g1bda1djg4 ,! e/imat$ value ( ! iron made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates t ye>1 0 #bb1ggh1fce2 ( :i* sum #ae1ehe1gcj 7 = labor1 includ+ m9+1 transportation1 coal+1 haul+1 c4 ,! p]sons employ$ 9 ! iron manufacture1 & _! families1 7 e/imat$ at #bac1eje1 :i*1 at twelve & a half c5ts ea*1 p] day1 = agricultural products consum$1 w\ld give #i1gda1aff4 ,9 #ahde1 ! product ( ! union 0 e/imat$ ?us3 #edj bla/ furnaces1 yield+ #dhf1jjj tuns ( pig iron2 #ied blom>ies1 =ges1 roll+-mills1 c4 yield+ #bia1fjj tuns ( b>1 hoop1 %eet1 boil]1 & o!r wr\ght iron1 #cj1jjj tuns ( blooms & #aba1ejj tuns ( ca/+s2 value ( ! :ole ne>ly =ty-two millions ( doll>s4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates import$ ( iron1 *iefly b> & bolt1 roll$1 hamm]$1 or o!rwise manufactur$1 & pig1 hoop & %eet1 9 #ahch-i1 #aae1fcg tuns2 9 #ahci-dj1 #gb1gfi2 #ahdj-a1 #aab1aaa2 9 #ahda-b1 #ajg1cib2 9 #ahdb-c1 #ch1dje4 ,9 #ahdf-g1 we f9d by ! treasury report1 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates export$ ( dome/ic manufactures1 #c1aig1ace p\nds ( nails1 wor? #afh1hag1 ( :i* ,cuba took #b1cag1eej p\nds2 also o!r articles ( iron & /eel to ! value ( #iih1ffg1 ( :i* #dgh1fha to ,cuba1 & #afb1jbj to ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,9 t ye>1 among ! imports1 *iefly f ,engl&1 7 #edi tuns ( /eel1 value #a1abf1deh2 #ee1eii tuns ( b> iron2 #bh1jhc tuns ( pig2 #a1hic tuns ( scraps2 #f1afg1gbj p\nds ( *a9 cables2 #ac1daj1eef p\nds ( %eet & hoop2 #a1dab1ccb p\nds ( anvils2 #iba1hde p\nds ( nails2 #cfa1dbc p\nds ( an*ors2 #ige1bef p\nds ( ca/+s2 #agj1iji p\nds ( ca/-iron butts2 #dca1iaf p\nds ( b&2 #ffj1acc p\nds ( r\nd or squ>e2 #cdg1gcg p\nds ( nail or spike rods4 ,(ficial tables %[ t ! imports ( manufactures ( /eel & iron 9 #ahci1 7 wor? #f1ejg1eaj2 9 #ahdc1 #a1jab1jhf2 9 #ahdd1 #c1cac1gif2 9 #ahde1 #e1jgg1ghh2 & t 9 #ahci1 ! value ( pig & b> iron & /eel import$ 0 #f1cjb1eci2 9 #ahdb & #ahde1 ne>ly f\r millions ea* ye>2 9 #ahdc1 #a1jia1eih2 & 9 #ahdd1 #b1chj1jbg4 ,"s idea ( ! ext5t ( ! iron trade inl& may be =m$ f ! quantities c>ri$ on ! canals4 ,9 #ahdg1 !re came to ! ,hudson on ! ,new ,york canals1 pig iron1 #ba1fjh1jjj p\nds2 bloom & b> #bf1cdh1jjj p\nds2 iron w>e1 #c1jad1jjj p\nds3 #cdj tuns ( iron & iron w>e 7 cle>$ on ! canals at ,buffalo & ,oswego2 ,/4 ,lawr5ce c\nty1 ,n4 ,y41 %ipp$ #eae tuns ( pig1 a surplus made !re2 #g1gaf tuns ( pig iron rea*$ ,buffalo via ,lake ,erie1 & #a1bef kegs ( nails2 #ae1ajc1efe p\nds ( iron & nails arriv$ at ,clevel& via ! ,ohio canal1 & #d1jhe tuns ( iron & #ab1ecg kegs ( nails 7 %ipp$ f ,clevel& coa/wise4 ,!re 7 cle>$ at ,portsm\?1 ,*ilico!1 ,massillon1 & ,akron1 9 #ahdg1 ab\t #e1gac tuns ( iron2 #e1bfi1jee p\nds ( nails 7 %ipp$ at ,akron4 ,! trade 9 coal & iron on ! we/]n riv]s & lakes is v l>ge4 ,iron canal-boats 7 9 common use 9 ,wales ?irty ye>s ago3 !y are beg9n+ to be made "h2 also w>-/eam]s4 ,f5ces1 & ev5 por*es to h\ses1 are (t5 ( iron4 ,! pipes = ! ,croton wat] 9 ,new ,york requir$ _m ?\s& tuns4 ,! annual value ( #aej1jjj tuns ( iron ore ( ,m>yl& is wor? #fjj1jjj at ,baltimore4 ,a s+le f\nd]y 9 ,t5nessee sold1 9 #ahdd1 ( sug>-kettles1 #ej1jjj wor?4 ,*ild's /ati/ics %[ t 9 ,p5nsylvania1 9 #ahdg1 !re 7 made1 at #bac furnaces1 #ih1cie tuns ( ca/ iron1 & at #afi blom>ies1 =ges1 c41 #hg1bdd tuns ( b> iron1 #aa1ebb m5 be+ employ$1 includ+ lime/one m9]s1 & a capital ( #g1gea1dgj inve/$4 ,9 #ahdf1 !re 7 #agc1cfi tuns manufactur$1 sev5 ( ! furnaces us+ an?racite coal4 ,=ty furnaces1 9 #ahdg1 7 9 bla/1 us+ an?racite1 & produc+ #aba1hjj tuns ( iron1 at a r$uc$ price1 :i* price _h induc$ capitali/s to put up ext5sive roll+-mills4 ,! ,am]ican ,qu>t]ly ,regi/] has a li/ ( n9ete5 an?racite roll+-mills 9 ,p5nsylvania1 :i* make iron rails & plate1 b> & rod1 nails1 axle & small iron4 ,! fir/ b> ( railroad iron ev] manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 made 9 #ahda1 & n[ x is said1 "o hundr$ ?\s& tuns c\ld be made easily2 :ile ! annual product ( iron f all ! furnaces1 :i* are said to be "s ?ree hundr$ 9 numb]1 is e/imat$ at ov] f\r hundr$ ?\s& tuns4 ,! ye>ly manufacture ( iron 9 ,great ,brita91 is n[ e/imat$ at ne>ly ?ree millions ( tuns4 ,9 #ahbh1 !re 7 9 ,russia1 n9ete5 f\nd]ies1 =ges & m9es1 & 9 #ahjd1 t c\ntry export$ to ,am]ica ov] n9e million p\nds ( iron4 ,9 #ahai1 ,france produc$ sev5ty-f\r million p\nds ( iron1 & 9 #ahde1 ?is _h increas$ to ?ree hundr$ & =ty-two millions1 or ov] "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& tuns4 ,( iron & /eel1 & ! v>i\s manufactures f !m1 ,great ,brita9 export$ 9 #ahde1 to ! ext5t ( ?irty-?ree millions4 ,,copp] ,,m9es4 ,copp] 7f cuprum1 a corruption ( cuprium1 f ! isl& ( ,cyprus1 :5ce x 0 =m]ly br\ght7 0 kn[n at a v remote p]iod2 & 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! _w1 be=e iron 0 ext5sively 9 use1 0 ! *ief +r$i5t 9 dome/ic ut5sils & in/rum5ts ( w>4 ,x is abundant2 & is f\nd bo? native & 9 _m ores1 ! mo/ important ( :i* are ! v>ieties ( pyrites1 :i* are sulphurets ( copp] & iron4 ,! g5us copp] includes "s ?irte5 species1 & ea* ( ^! conta9s sev]al v>ieties4 ,! pure/ copp] obta9$ 9 ,europe1 is ! produce ( ! m9es ( ! ,sw$i% prov9ce ( ,dalec>lia4 ,! foll[+ is a brief description ( ! pr9cipal ( ^! imm5se & gloomy cav]ns1 all ( :i* boa/ a high antiquity4 ,! travel]'s curiosity is fir/ attract$ by ! hydraulic ma*9es :i* convey ! wat] to ! diff]5t qu>t]s1 & ! p[] ( :i* is su*1 t "o ( ! :eels has a diamet] ( n less ?an =ty-f\r feet4 ,ano!r :eel1 ( proportionate magnitude1 is employ$ to raise ! ore f ! m9e to ! surface ( ! e>?1 & is admirably con/ruct$4 ,regul> circles are plac$ on ea* side1 & r\nd ^! ! *a9 rises1 tak+ a l>g] or small] circumf]5ce1 9 proportion to ! necess>y circle to be made1 s z to c\nt]balance ! weight1 & consequ5tly ! increas$ motion ( ! bucket4 ,ext]iorly1 a va/ *asm ( a trem5d\s dep? pres5ts itself to ! view4 ,?is be+ ! "p ( ! m9e :i* 0 fir/ op5$1 ei!r ?r\gh ! ignorance or neglect ( ^? :o _h !n ! managem5t ( ! works1 ! excavations s weak5$ ! f\ndations ( ! hill1 t ! :ole fell 91 leav+ a mo/ *aotic sc5e ( precipitat$ rocks1 & a gap+ gulf resembl+ ! m\? ( a volcano4 ,great c>e has be5 s9ce tak5 t no su* disa/] %\ld aga9 occur4 ,plans & sections are drawn ( all ! gall]ies1 c42 & :]e ! prosecution ( ! works 9 ! same direction might be dang]\s1 ord]s are issu$ = ! m9]s to /op1 & an iron cr[n is fix$ on ! spot1 z a prohibition ev] to proce$ fur!r4 ,! workm5 !n explore 9 a diff]5t direction1 :ile e subt]rane\s excavation is nicely wat*$4 ,! travel] passes into ! great *asm by a range ( wood5 /eps1 :i* cross1 9 a v>iety ( directions1 ! r\gh masses ( fall5 rocks1 ( gravel1 & ( ! anci5t ma*9]y4 ,ere he rea*es ! entrance ( ! cav]n1 he has to desc5d ne>ly two hundr$ feet1 & ?is be+ accompli%$1 proce$s horizontally to a consid]able di/ance )94 ,he n[ loses ! pure air ( day1 & gradually brea!s an oppressive vapor1 :i* rolls t[>d him1 9 volumes1 f ! m\?s ( a hundr$ caves lead+ into ! ma9 passage4 ,he n[ feels z if he 7 inhal+ ! atmosph]e ( ,t>t>us4 ,! ,sw$i% iron m9es :i* h be5 describ$1 are m]e purgatories :5 comp>$ ) ?is satanic dwell+4 ,! desc5t is p]=m$ entirely by /eps laid 9 ! w9d+ rock2 &1 9 foll[+ ! subt]rane\s declivity1 ! travel] rea*es ! trem5d\s dep?s ( ^! truly ,/ygian dom9ions4 ,! pe/il5tial vapors :i* environ him ) increas+ cl\ds1 & ! /yle ( ! entrance1 rem9d him ( ,virgil's description ( ! desc5t ( ,eneas to ! inf]nal regions4 ,"h are to be se5 ! same cav]n$ portico1 ! rocky1 r\gh desc5t1 & ! /eam+ sulphur1 ) all ! deadly /5*es ( ,av]nus4 ,! wret*$ inmates ( ?is gloomy cav]n1 appe> to him l s _m spect]s1 z poetic fiction has describ$ !m3 & he is induc$ by ! l5g? ( ! way1 jo9$ to ! excessive heat & its suffocat+ quality1 to fancy t he w be made to pay de>ly = 8 curiosity4 ,9 "o "p ! /eam is s excessively hot1 z to scor* at ! di/ance ( twelve paces1 at ! same "t t ! sulphure\s smell is intol]able4 ,ne> ?is spot a volcanic fire broke out "s ye>s ago1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* /rong walls 7 con/ruct$1 z b>ri]s to its p[]1 & sev]al contigu\s passages1 :i*1 _h x spread1 w\ld h prov$ dang]\s to ! m9e1 clos$ up4 ,! visitor has n[ to trav]se _m long & w9d+ gall]ies1 z well z l>ge vault$ cav]ns1 :]e ! workm5 are disp]s$ on all sides1 employ$ 9 hew+ va/ masses ( ! rock1 & prep>+ o!r p>ts = explosion4 ,o!rs :eel ! braz5 ore t[>d ! black abyss1 :]e ! susp5d$ buckets hang ready to draw x upw>d4 ,f ! effect ( su* viol5t ex]cise1 comb9$ ) ! heat1 !y are oblig$ to "w almo/ nak$4 ,_! gr\ps1 occupations1 & primitive appe>ance1 scantily light$ by ! trembl+ rays ( tor*es1 =m a curi\s & int]e/+ sc5e4 ,! dep? ( ! m9e be+ at lea/ twelve hundr$ feet1 a full h\r is requir$ to rea* to ! bottom4 ,! mass ( copp] lies 9 ! =m ( an inv]t$ cone4 ,five hundr$ m5 are employ$ daily2 b females are n admitt$1 on acc\nt ( ! delet]i\s quality ( ! vapors4 ,?is m9e 0 anci5tly a /ate prison1 9 :i* crim9als1 slaves & prison]s ( w> toil$ out _! wret*$ exi/5ce4 ,ne> ! bottom is a rocky saloon1 furni%$ ) b5*es4 ,x is call$ ! ,hall ( ! ,s5ate1 on acc\nt ( its hav+ be5 ! re/+-place ( sev]al ,sw$i% k+s1 :o came1 att5d$ by ! s5ators1 to exam9e ! works1 & "h took refre%m5ts4 ,x 0 9 ?is m9e t ! immortal ,gu/avus ,vasa1 disguis$ z a peasant1 labor$ = 8 bread1 dur+ a long concealm5t1 aft] hav+ be5 robb$ by 8 guide2 & 8 fir/ adh]5ts 9 ! /ruggle :i* plac$ him on ! ?rone1 7 f ! m9]s & peasants ( ,dalec>lia4 ,9 ! ye> #agea1 a v ri* copp] m9e 0 wr\ght 9 ! c\nty ( ,wickl[1 ,irel&4 ,f ?is m9e ran a /ream ( blue-color$ wat]1 ( s delet]i\s a nature z to de/roy all ! fi% 9 ! riv] ,arkl[1 into :i* x fl[$4 ,"o ( ! workm51 hav+ left an iron %ovel 9 ?is /ream1 f\nd x "s days aft] incru/$ ) copp]4 ,?is l$ "o ( ! proprietors ( ! m9e to in/itute a set ( exp]im5ts1 f :i* he conclud$ t ! blue wat] conta9$ an acid hold+ copp] 9 solution2 t iron _h a /rong] aff9ity = ! acid ?an copp]2 & t ! consequ5ce ( ?is aff9ity 0 ! precipitation ( ! copp]1 & ! solution ( ! iron1 :5 pieces ( t metal 7 ?r[n into ! blue wat]4 ,^! ideas induc$ ! m9]s to dig sev]al pits = ! reception ( ?is wat]1 & to put b>s ( iron into !m4 ,! result 01 t !y obta9$ an abundance ( copp]1 mu* pur] & m valuable ?an t :i* !y _h procur$ f ! ore itself by smelt+4 ,on ! isl& ( ,anglesea1 ne> ,dulas bay1 on ! nor? coa/1 is ,p>ys m\nta91 :i* conta9s ! mo/ consid]able quantity ( copp] ore p]haps ev] kn[n4 ,! ext]nal aspect ( ! hill is extremely rude1 & x is surr\nd$ by enorm\s rocks ( co>se :ite qu>tz4 ,! ore is lodg$ 9 a bas91 or holl[1 & has on "o side a small lake1 ov] ! waves ( :i*1 z ov] ^? ( ,av]nus1 fatal to ! fea!r$ tribe1 x is said t birds are nev] kn[n to pass4 ,! effect ( ! m9]al op]ations has be51 t ! :ole ( ?is tract has assum$ a wild & savage appe>ance4 ,suffocat+ fumes ( ! burn+ heaps ( copp] arise 9 all p>ts1 & ext5d _! baneful influ5ce = miles ar\nd4 ,t ! ore 0 work$ 9 a v remote p]iod1 appe>s by ve/iges ( ! anci5t op]ations1 :i* 7 c>ri$ on by tr5*+1 & by heat+ ! rocks int5sely1 :5 wat] 0 sudd5ly p\r$ on !m1 s z to cause !m to crack or scale4 ,9 ! ye> #agfh1 aft] a long se>*1 :i* 0 s little pr(itable t x 0 on ! eve ( be+ ab&on$1 a l>ge body ( copp] ore 0 f\nd2 & ?is has ev] s9ce be5 work$ to great advantage1 /ill promis+ a va/ supply4 ,! wat] lodg$ 9 ! bottom ( ! b$ ( ore1 be+ /rongly impregnat$ ) ! metal1 is drawn up & di/ribut$ 9 pits1 :]e ! same process is employ$ z 9 ! ,wickl[ m9e4 ,! copp] ?us procur$ diff]s little f native copp]1 & is v highly priz$4 ,9 ! ,p>ys m9e1 eight tuns ( gunp[d] are annually exp5d$ 9 bla/+ ! rock4 ,nature has "h be5 pr(use 9 be/[+ h] m9]al favors2 =1 above ! copp] ore1 & n m ?an two feet b5ea? ! soil1 is a b$ ( yell[i% greasy clay1 f ?ree to twelve feet 9 ?ickness1 conta9+ lead ore1 f a tun ( :i* metal1 upw>d ( fifty ounces ( silv] are g5]ally obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,copp] ,,m9e ,,9 ,,cornwall4 ,! copp] m9es ( ,cornwall1 a view ( "o ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut1 are v num]\s1 & sev]al ( !m l>ge & v ri* 9 ore4 ,x is rem>kable t 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ?is c\ntry ! e>? has produc$ su* an exub]ance ( ?is metal1 z to af=d x 9 l>ge massy lumps ( malleable copp]1 sev]al pieces ( :i* are %[n 9 v curi\s vegetable =ms4 ,! p>ticul> ore nam$ mundic1 f\nd 9 ! t9 m9es1 0 = _m ages consid]$ ( no o!r use b to n\ri% t metal :ile 9 ! m9e4 ,9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 a laudable curiosity tempt$ sev]al private individuals to exam9e into its nature2 b ! design misc>ri$1 & ! mundic 0 ?r[n1 z useless1 into ! old pits 9 :i* ! rubbi% 0 collect$4 ,h[ev]1 ab\t a c5tury ago1 ?is purpose 0 effect$ by degrees2 & ! copp] extract$ f ! ore n[ produces1 on an av]age1 upw>d ( twelve ?\s& tuns1 valu$ at betwe5 f\r & five millions ( doll>s1 annually1 equal+ 9 goodness ! be/ ,sw$i% copp]1 :ile ! ore itself yields a proportionate quantity ( lapis calam9>is1 = ! mak+ ( brass4 ,at ,ecton hill1 ne> ! riv] ,dove1 9 ,d]by%ire1 a valuable copp] m9e 0 discov]$ "s ye>s ago1 & has s9ce be5 work$ to great advantage4 ,9 its position1 situation & incl9ation1 x diff]s f any m9e yet discov]$ 9 ,europe1 ,asia1 ,africa or ,am]ica2 ! wond]ful mass ( copp] ore n runn+ 9 regul> ve9s or c\rses1 b s9k+ p]p5dicul>ly d[n1 wid5+ & swell+ out at ! bottom 9 ! =m ( a bell4 ,! works are f\r hundr$ & fifty feet b5ea? ! riv] ,dove1 x be+ ! deepe/ m9e 9 ,great ,brita94 ,on ! opposite side ( ,ecton hill is a valuable lead m9e1 ! ve9s ( :i* approa* v ne>ly to ! copp] m9e4 ,copp] is conv]t$ into brass by ! ag5cy ( calam9e1 an oxyd ( z9c4 ,x occurs frequ5tly 9 b$s1 & 9 "s places exi/s 9 great abundance4 ,! ,m5dip hills1 9 ,som]set%ire1 7 once celebrat$ = _! m9es ( calam9e1 :i* are n[ 9 a great measure exhau/$4 ,x is dug out ( ! e>?1 & be+ brok5 into small pieces1 is expos$ to ! action ( a curr5t ( wat]1 :i* wa%es away ! light e>?y matt]1 & leaves ! calam9e4 ,! :ole is !n ?r[n into deep wood5 vessels fill$ ) wat]1 & agitat$ = a consid]able "t4 ,! gal5a s9ks to ! bottom1 ! calam9e is deposit$ 9 ! c5t]1 & ! e>?y matt] lies on ! surface4 ,! calam9e1 ?us sep>at$ f its impurities1 is gr\nd to p[d]1 & becomes fit = use4 ,hung>y ab\nds 9 valuable ores & m9]als1 & is mo/ celebrat$ = its va/ copp] works1 at a t[n call$ ,h]r5grund1 built on ! summit ( a m\nta91 & exclusively inhabit$ by m9]s4 ,"h ! process1 notic$ above1 ( app>5tly conv]t+ iron into copp]1 is pursu$ ) great success1 sev]al hundr$ weight ( iron be+ ?us transmut$ e ye>4 ,! vitriol1 ) :i* ! blue wat] is /rongly impregnat$1 c n be /rictly said to conv]t ! iron into copp]1 b ins9uates into x ! copp] p>ticles ) :i* x is saturat$2 & ?is seem+ transmutation requires a =tnight or ?ree weeks only3 b if ! iron be suff]$ to lie too long 9 ?is vitriolic solution1 x becomes at l5g? r$uc$ to p[d]4 ,9 ,japan1 copp] is ! mo/ common ( all ! metals1 & is consid]$ z ! f9e/ & mo/ malleable any:]e to be f\nd4 ,mu* ( ?is copp] is n only ( ! pure/ quality1 b is bl5d$ ) a consid]able proportion ( gold1 :i* ! ,japanese sep>ate & ref9e4 ,! :ole is br\ght to ,sacc91 "o ( ! five pr9cipal cities ( ,japan2 & x is !re purifi$1 & ca/ into small cyl9d]s1 ab\t a span & a half 9 l5g?1 & a f+]'s bread? 9 ?ickness4 ,brass is !re v sc>ce1 & mu* de>] ?an copp]1 ! calam9e employ$ 9 mak+ x be+ import$ f ,tonqu9 9 flat cakes1 & sold at a v high price4 ,9 addition to ! copp] m9es ?us describ$1 copp] has1 )9 a few ye>s1 be5 f\nd 9 ! ri*e/ abundance 9 ! vic9ity ( ,lake ,sup]ior4 ,! exi/5ce ( copp] !re1 01 inde$1 kn[n z e>ly z #afcf2 & ! trace ( ^! e>ly discov]ies 0 nev] entirely lo/4 ,b ! fir/ sci5tific rese>*es 7 made 9 #ahdb1 by ,dr4 ,d\glas ,h\ghton1 :o 0 act+ z geological surveyor = ! /ate ( ,mi*igan4 ,accord+ to 8 report1 native copp] exi/s 9 two or ?ree diff]5t deposits ab\t ,lake ,sup]ior1 :]e x is f\nd 9 ! ri*e/ abundance1 bo? 9 ve9s & 9 l>ge masses 9 ! native /ate4 ,dr4 ,jackson also /ates1 t he has se5 "o ( ^! masses1 tw5ty feet long1 n9e feet wide1 & f f\r to six in*es 9 ?ickness1 & weigh+ ab\t tw5ty tuns4 ,he adds1 t 9 a s+le ye>1 ?irty-?ree m51 ( :om only tw5ty 7 prop]ly m9]s1 _h tak5 out =ty-?ree tuns ( ore1 yield+ ?irty tuns ( pure copp]4 ,among ! masses ( copp] obta9$ f ^! m9es z e>ly z #ahdh1 7 f\r1 ! weights ( :i*1 respectively1 7 sev5 ?\s& & eighte51 sev5 ?\s& f\r hundr$ & eighty-f\r1 sev5 ?\s& six hundr$ & sev5ty-eight1 & f\rte5 ?\s& p\nds4 ,s9ce t date new op5+s h be5 made2 new m9+ companies =m$1 & ! products ( ! m9es v greatly increas$3 & x may yet be1 t ^! m9es w prove "s ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ valuable ( ! _w4 ,,t9 ,,m9es4 ,t91 9 its pure /ate1 has ne>ly ! color & lu/] ( silv]4 ,9 h>dness1 x is midway betwe5 gold & lead4 ,x 0 kn[n to ! anci5ts1 :o procur$ x f ,spa9 & ,brita91 & appe>s to h be5 9 use 9 ! "t ( ,moses4 ,x is r a sc>ce metal1 be+ f\nd 9 b few p>ts ( ! _w 9 any consid]able quantity4 ,cornwall is its mo/ productive s\rce2 x also occurs 9 ! m\nta9s betwe5 ,gallicia & ,portugal1 & 9 ^? betwe5 ,saxony & ,bohemia4 ,x has1 also1 be5 br\ght f ,malacca1 9 ,india1 & f ,*ili & ,mexico4 ,!re are b two ores ( t92 "o ( :i*1 ! native p]oxyd1 is ! *ief s\rce ( all ! supplies ( ?is metal1 z ! o!r ore1 :i* is ! d\ble sulphuret ( t9 & copp]1 sometimes call$ bell-metal ore1 is extremely r>e4 ,cornwall has be5 9 all ages1 fam\s = its num]\s m9es ( t91 :i* are 9 g5]al v l>ge1 & ri* 9 ore4 ,! t9-works are ( diff]5t k9ds1 dep5d5t on ! v>i\s =ms 9 :i* ! metal appe>s4 ,9 _m places its ore s ne>ly resembles common /ones1 t x c only be di/+ui%$ f !m by its sup]ior weight4 ,9 o!r p>ts1 ! ore is a comp\nd ( t9 & e>?1 concret$ into a sub/ance almo/ z h>d z /one1 ( a blui% or grayi% color1 & to :i* ! mundic1 impregnat$ ) copp]1 frequ5tly gives a yell[i% ca/4 ,?is ore is always f\nd 9 a cont9u$ /ratum1 :i* ! m9]s call lode2 & ?is1 = ! great] "p1 is f\nd runn+ ?r\gh ! solid sub/ance ( ! h>de/ rocks1 beg9n+ 9 small ve9s ne> ! surface1 p]haps n above half an in* or an in* wide1 & increas+1 z !y proce$1 into l>ge dim5sions1 bran*+ out into sev]al ramifications1 & b5d+ d[nw>d 9 a direction :i* is1 g5]ally1 ne>ly ea/ & we/4 ,^! lodes1 or ve9s1 are sometimes :ite1 v wide1 & s ?ick1 t l>ge lumps ( ! ore are frequ5tly drawn up ( m ?an tw5ty p\nds' weight4 ,! lodes ( t9 ore are n always contigu\s1 b sometimes break (f s entirely1 t !y seem to t]m9ate2 b ! sagaci\s m9] kn[s by exp]i5ce1 t1 by digg+ at a small di/ance on "o side1 he w meet ) a sep>at$ "p ( ! lode1 app>5tly tally+ ) ! o!r end1 z nicely z if x _h be5 brok5 (f by "s sudd5 %ock ( ! rock4 ,! m9]s ( ,cornwall foll[ ! lode1 or ve91 9 all its ri* & me&]+ curves ?r\gh ! b[els ( ! fl9ty e>?4 ,! wat]s are sometimes dra9$ f ! m9es1 by subt]rane\s passages1 =m$ f ! body ( ! m\nta9 to ! level c\ntry4 ,^! passages are call$ adits1 & are occasionally ! labor ( _m ye>s2 b :5 effect$1 !y save ! con/ant exp5se ( l>ge wat]-works & fire-eng9es4 ,f ! surface ( ! e>? ! workm5 s9k a passage to ! m9e1 :i* !y call a %aft1 & place ov] x a l>ge w9*1 or1 9 works ( great] magnitude1 a :eel & axle1 by :i* means !y draw up l>ge quantities ( ore at a "t1 9 vessels call$ kibbuls4 ,?is ore is ?r[n into heaps1 :i* great numb]s ( poor p are employ$ 9 break+ to pieces1 & fitt+ ! ore = ! /amp+-mills4 ,a ?ird =m 9 :i* t9 appe>s is t ( cry/als2 = ?is metal w1 "u prop] circum/ances1 readily cry/allize4 ,h5ce1 9 _m p>ts ( ! m9]al rocks1 are f\nd ! mo/ p]fectly transp>5t & beautiful cry/als ( pure t94 ,beside ^! cry/als1 9 _m ( ! cav]n\s p>ts ( ! rocks1 are f\nd ^? transp>5t cry/als1 call$ ,corni% diamonds1 !y be+ extremely brilliant :5 well poli%$4 ,! =m is t ( a six-sid$ prism po9t$ on ! top1 & !y are sometimes f\r or five in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! value ( ! t9 export$ f ,great ,brita91 9 #ahec1 ! great] "p ( :i* came f ! ,cornwall m9es1 0 ne>ly six million doll>s4 ,,lead ,,m9es4 ,lead is "o ( ! metals mo/ anci5tly kn[n1 be+ m5tion$ 9 ! books ( ,moses4 ,x is f\nd 9 "s ?irte5 species ( ore1 only "o ( :i* 7gal5a7 occurs 9 masses suffici5tly l>ge to make x valuable z an object ( m9+ & metallurgy4 ,! uses ( lead are s famili> t !y ne$ n be m5tion$3 !y are kn[n to all4 ,among ! mo/ rem>kable lead m9es ( ! _w1 may be m5tion$ ^? ( ! /ate ( ,ill9ois1 includ+ also p>ts ( ,i[a & ,wiscons91 :i* h be51 & /ill are imm5sely productive1 ext5d+ ov] ?\s&s ( acres1 & furni%+ ! m9]al 9 ! ri*e/ abundance4 ,^! m9es 7 =m]ly kn[n z ! m9es ( 8,upp] ,l\isiana40 ,!y are n[ *iefly work$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,gal5a1 a city :i* has sprung up1 & is almo/ entirely support$ by ! trade 9 lead4 ,s va/ is ! production ( ^! m9es1 t =ty million p\nds ( lead1 valu$ at sixte5 hundr$ ?\s& doll>s1 7 %ipp$ f ,gal5a alone1 9 #ahec4 ,! m9]al 9 "o ( ! e>lie/ op5$ m9es1 is said to be ( two k9ds1 ! gravel & fossil4 ,! gravel m9]al is f\nd imm$iately "u ! soil1 int]mix$ ) gravel1 9 pieces ( solid m9]al weigh+ f "o to fifty p\nds4 ,b5ea? ! gravel is a s& rock1 :i* be+ brok51 crumbles to a f9e s&1 & conta9s m9]al ne>ly ( ! same quality z t ( ! gravel4 ,b ! m9]al ( ! fir/ quality is f\nd 9 a b$ ( r$ clay1 "u ! s& rock1 9 pieces ( f t5 to five hundr$ p\nds' weight1 on ! outside ( :i* is a sp>1 or fossil1 ( a bright1 glitt]+ appe>ance1 resembl+ spangles ( gold & silv]1 z solid z ! m9]al itself1 & ( a great] specific gravity4 ,?is be+ tak5 (f1 ! m9]al is solid1 unconnect$ ) any o!r sub/ance1 ( a broad gra91 & :at m9]alogi/s call pott]s' ore4 ,9 o!r m9es1 9 ! vic9ity ( ! above1 ! lead is f\nd 9 regul> ve9s1 f two to f\r feet 9 ?ickness1 conta9+ ab\t fifty ounces ( silv] 9 a tun4 ,9 ,great ,brita91 !re are num]\s & exce$+ly valuable lead m9es1 among :i* may be cit$ t ( ,ark+dale1 9 ,york%ire1 & ^? ) :i* ,%rop%ire ab\nds4 ,9 ! s\? ( ,lan>k%ire1 & 9 ! vic9ity ( ,wanlock-head1 ,scotl&1 are two celebrat$ lead m9es1 :i* yield annually above two ?\s& tuns ( metal4 ,! ,susannah-ve9 lead-hills1 h be5 work$ = _m ye>s1 & h be5 productive ( great weal?4 ,! above are consid]$ z ! ri*e/ lead m9es ( ,europe4 ,sev]al ( ! ,iri% lead m9es h yield$ a consid]able proportion ( silv]2 & m5tion is made ( "o1 9 ! c\nty ( ,antrim1 :i* af=d$1 9 ?irty p\nds ( lead1 a p\nd ( t metal4 ,ano!r1 less productive ( silv]1 0 f\nd at ,ballysad>e1 ne> ! h>bor ( ,sligo1 9 ,connaught2 & a ?ird 9 ! c\nty ( ,tipp]>y1 ?irty miles f ,lim]ick4 ,! ores ( ?is la/ 7 ( two k9ds1 mo/ usually ( a r$di% color1 h>d & glitt]+2 ! o!r1 :i* 0 ! ri*e/ 9 silv]1 resembl$ a blue m>l4 ,! works 7 de/roy$ 9 ! ,iri% insurrections 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,i4 ,! m9e1 h[ev]1 is /ill wr\ght on acc\nt ( ! lead x conta9s4 ,,coal ,,m9es4 ,coal is "o ( ! mo/ valuable ( all m9]al treasures1 & "o t is ( ! highe/ s]vice 9 mak+ ! o!rs available to ! use & com=t ( man4 ,& h5ce x has be5 se>*$ aft] ) unremitt+ dilig5ce1 & work$ ) all ! lights ( sci5ce & ! res\rces ( art4 ,x is f\nd 9 b$s or /rata1 9 t gr\p ( ! second>y rocks :i* includes ! r$ s&/one & m\nta9 lime/one =mations1 commonly call$ ! c>bonif]\s gr\p1 or ! coal measures4 ,f ! peculi>ities ( _! position1 !y are (t5 spok5 ( z coal-bas9s1 & coal-fields4 ,!re are two or ?ree po9ts ( "s !oretical int]e/ & importance z to ! orig9 ( coal1 on :i* geological au?orities are ne>ly unanim\s4 ,"o is1 t our pres5t coal is exclusively ( vegetable orig91 =m$ app>5tly f ! de/ruction ( va/ =e/s & imm5se quantities ( leaves & %rubs2 ano!r1 t x 0 =m$ :5 ! climate ( ! regions :]e x is f\nd 0 n m]ely tropical1 b ultra-tropical1 in/ead ( be+ z n[1 temp]ate2 & a ?ird1 t its deposits1 ?\gh orig9ally regul>1 h evid5tly be5 s9ce elevat$1 & (t5 s+ul>ly dislocat$ & contort$ by =ces act+ f bel[1 & probably ( a volcanic nature4 ,ea* ( ^! po9ts w m or less appe> 9 ! progress ( ! foll[+ rem>ks4 ,t ! coal =mations are ( vegetable orig91 is p]fectly evid5t f ev5 a slight exam9ation1 especially ) ! microscope4 ,let a piece ( coal be cut 9 v ?9 slices1 or plates1 & its appe>ance w be l t se5 9 ! foll[+ cut4 ,! vegetable fossils ?us %[n are1 inde$1 v diff]5t f any exi/+ species1 unless x be a few :i* are ! productions only ( torrid climates4 ,& :ile ! cut gives ! appe>ance ( b a s+le leaf 9 ea* specim51 ! masses ( coal are g5]ally m l "o ?ick imb$d$ mass ( leaves1 n s mu* cru%$ toge!r1 z ov]lay+ & mix$ ) ea* o!r4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,l9ley1 ! coal vegetation consi/$ ( f]ns1 9 great abundance2 ( l>ge conif]\s trees1 ( a species resembl+ lycopodiac1 b ( mo/ gigantic dim5sions2 ( a num]\s tribe app>5tly analog\s to cact1 b probably n id5tical ) !m2 ( palm1 & o!r monocotyl$ones2 & f9ally1 ( num]\s v9es1 plants1 c41 ! exact nature ( :i* is unc]ta94 ,:]e leaves mo/ ab\nd1 ! coal is said to be ( ! be/ quality2 ?\gh z any "o k9d ( coal h>d5s1 ! impressions ( su* leaves become gradually less di/9ct1 until f9ally !y c h>dly be trac$1 ev5 ) a p[]ful magnifi]4 ,a hundr$ & tw5ty v>ieties ( ^! vegetable impressions h be5 f\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( ,pottsville1 9 ! c\rse ( a few mon?s1 ea* z di/9ctly m>k$ z ! mo/ delicate trac+s ( an arti/'s p5cil2 & 9 almo/ any coal =mation1 !re are s _m hundr$s ( diff]5t plants1 trees1 & fl[]s1 t a s+le repres5tative ( ea* k9d w\ld =m a va/ museum4 ,specim5s :i* exhibit impressions ( ! b>k1 limbs1 or trunks ( trees1 are1 ( c\rse1 correspond+ly l>ge & heavy1 & c\ld n easily be sket*$ 9 a small engrav+1 :ile ! v>iety ( leaves & fl[]s is s great1 t x w\ld be t$i\s to m5tion & describe !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?9 ,,plates ,,( ,,coal4 ,) ^! few rem>ks1 we proce$ to notice fir/1 "s ( ! coal m9es ( ,great ,brita91 & !n "s ( our own c\ntry4 ,p]haps !re is no c\ntry :]e coal m9es are s ri*1 s frequ5t1 & s successfully work$ ?us f>1 z ^? ( ,great ,brita92 & x is to ?is cause t ! opul5ce ( t c\ntry has (t5 be5 *iefly ascrib$4 ,x is1 9 tru?1 ! coal ( h] m9es1 t is ! v life ( h] manufactures1 & consequ5tly ( h] comm]ce1 e manufactur+ t[n be+ e/abli%$ 9 ! mid/ ( a coal c\ntry4 ,( ?is /rik+ in/ances are af=d$ by ,bri/ol1 ,birm+ham1 ,wolv]hampton1 ,%effield1 ,newca/le1 & ,glasg[4 ,! coals ( ,:itehav5 & ,wigan are e/eem$ ! pure/2 & ! cannel & peacock coals ( ,lanca%ire are s beautiful1 t !y are suspect$ by "s to h con/itut$ ! gagates1 or jet1 :i* ! anci5ts ascrib$ to ,great ,brita94 ,9 ,som]set%ire1 ! ,m5dip coal m9es are di/+ui%$ by _! productiv5ess3 !y occur !re1 z inde$ 9 e o!r "p1 9 ! l[ c\ntry1 & are n to be f\nd 9 ! hills4 ,! b$s ( coal are n horizontal1 b slop+1 dipp+ to ! s\?-ea/ at ! rate ( ab\t tw5ty-two in*es p] fa?om4 ,h5ce !y w\ld spe$ily s9k s deep t x w\ld n be possible to "w !m1 7 x n t !y are int]sect$ at int]vals by p]p5dicul> dikes or ve9s1 ( a diff]5t k9d ( m9]al1 on ! o!r side ( :i* ^! b$s are f\nd consid]ably rais$ up4 ,!y are sev5 9 numb]1 ly+ at regul> di/ances b5ea? ea* o!r1 & sep>at$ by b$s ( a diff]5t k9d ( sub/ance1 ! deepe/ be+ plac$ m ?an two hundr$ feet b5ea? ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,! t[n ( ,newca/le1 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 has be5 celebrat$ dur+ sev]al c5turies = its v ext5sive trade 9 coal4 ,x 0 fir/ made a bor\gh by ,william ! ,conqu]or1 & ! e>lie/ *>t] = digg+ coals1 grant$ to ! inhabitants1 0 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iii41 9 #abci2 b 9 #acjf1 ! use ( coal = fuel 0 prohibit$ 9 ,london1 by royal proclamation1 *iefly because x injur$ ! sale ( wood1 ) :i* ! environs ( ! capital 7 !n ov]spread4 ,?is int]dict did n1 h[ev]1 cont9ue long 9 =ce2 & coals may be consid]$ z hav+ be5 dug = exportation at ,newca/le = m ?an f\r c5turies4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t !re are tw5ty-f\r consid]able colli]ies ly+ at diff]5t di/ances f ! riv]1 f five to eighte5 miles2 & t !y produc$1 = an av]age ( six ye>s1 up to ! close ( #aggf1 an annual consumption ( ?ree hundr$ & eighty ?\s& *aldrons1 ,newca/le measure1 7equal to sev5 hundr$ & sev5te5 ?\s&1 six hundr$ & fifte5 *aldrons1 ,london measure17 ( :i* ab\t ?irty ?\s& *aldrons 7 export$ to =eign p>ts4 ,! boats employ$ 9 ! colli]y are call$ keels1 & are describ$ z /rong1 clumsy1 & oval1 ea* c>ry+ ab\t tw5ty tuns2 & ( ^! f\r hundr$ & fifty are kept con/antly employ$4 ,9 ! ye> #aggf an e/imate 0 made ( ! %ipp+ employ$ 9 ! ,newca/le coal trade2 & f ?is e/imate x appe>s1 t ?ree ?\s&1 five hundr$ & eighty-five %ips1 7 dur+ t ye> engag$ 9 ! coa/+ trade1 & ?ree hundr$ & sixty-?ree 9 ! trade to =eign ports1 _! jo9t tunnage am\nt+ to sev5 hundr$ & ?irty-eight ?\s&1 two hundr$ & f\rte5 tuns4 ,z already said1 x is a common op9ion among geologi/s1 t coal is ( vegetable orig91 & t x has be5 br\ght to its pres5t /ate by ! means ( "s *emical process1 n at ?is "t und]/ood4 ,?is op9ion is abundantly support$ by ! exi/5ce ( va/ depositions ( matt]1 halfway1 z x 71 betwe5 p]fect wood & p]fect coal2 :i*1 :ile x obvi\sly betrays its vegetable nature1 has 9 sev]al respects s ne> an approximation to coal1 z to h be5 g5]ally di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( coal4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( ^! depositions exi/s 9 ,devon%ire1 ab\t ?irte5 miles s\?-we/ ( ,exet]1 & is well kn[n "u ! "n ( ,bovey coal4 ,its vegetable nature has be5 asc]ta9$ by ,mr4 ,hat*et1 9 a set ( exp]im5ts 9 :i* he f\nd bo? extractive matt] & res91 sub/ances :i* belong to ! vegetable k+dom4 ,! b$s ( ?is coal are sev5ty feet 9 ?ickness1 & are int]sp]s$ ) b$s ( clay4 ,on ! nor? side !y lie )9 a foot ( ! surface1 & dip s\? at ! rate ( ab\t tw5ty in*es p] fa?om4 ,! deepe/ b$s are ! blacke/ & heavie/1 & h ! close/ resemblance to coal1 :ile ! upp] ones /rongly resemble wood1 & are consid]$ z su* by ^? :o dig !m4 ,!y are br[n1 & become extremely friable :5 dry1 burn+ ) a flame simil> to t ( wood1 & assum+ ! appe>ance ( wood :i* has be5 r5d]$ s(t by "s unkn[n cause1 &1 :ile 9 t /ate1 has be5 cru%$ flat by ! weight ( ! incumb5t e>?4 ,?is is ! case1 n only ) ! ,bovey coal1 b also ) all ! b$s ( wood-coal :i* h be5 hi!rto exam9$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe4#e ,footnote #e3 ,we are in=m$ by ,liebig & o!r em95t *emi/s1 t :5 wood & o!r vegetable matt] are buri$ 9 ! e>?1 expos$ to moi/ure1 & p>tially or entirely exclud$ f ! air1 !y decompose sl[ly1 & evolve c>bonic acid gas2 ?us p>t+ ) a portion ( _! orig9al oxyg54 ,by ?is means !y are gradually conv]t$ into lignite1 or wood-coal1 :i* conta9s a l>g] proportion ( hydrog5 ?an wood does4 ,a cont9uance ( decomposition *anges ?is lignite into common or bitum9\s coal1 *iefly by ! dis*>ge ( c>buret$ hydrog51 or ! gas by :i* we illum9ate our /reets & h\ses4 ,accord+ to ,bir*(f1 ! inflammable gases :i* are always escap+ f m9]al coal1 & are s (t5 ! cause ( fatal accid5ts 9 m9es1 always conta9 c>bonic acid1 c>buret$ hydrog51 nitrog51 & olefiant gas4 ,! dis5gagem5t ( all ^! gradually trans=ms ord9>y or bitum9\s coal into an?racite1 to :i* ! v>i\s names ( spl9t-coal1 glance-coal1 culm1 & _m o!rs1 h be5 giv54 ,! coal m9es ( ,:itehav5 may be consid]$ z among ! mo/ extraord9>y 9 ! kn[n _w4 ,!y are excavations :i* h1 9 _! /ructure1 a consid]able resemblance to ! gypsum qu>ries ( ,p>is1 & are ( su* magnitude & ext5t1 t 9 "o ( !m alone1 a sum exce$+ half a million /]l+1 01 9 ! c\rse ( a c5tury1 exp5d$ by ! proprietors4 ,_! pr9cipal entrance is by an op5+ at ! bottom ( a hill1 ?r\gh a long passage hewn 9 ! rock1 lead+ to ! l[e/ ve9 ( coal4 ,! great] "p ( ?is desc5t is ?r\gh spaci\s gall]ies1 :i* cont9ually int]sect o!r gall]ies1 all ! coal be+ cut away1 ) ! exception ( l>ge pill>s1 :i*1 :]e ! m9e runs to a consid]able dep?1 are n9e feet 9 hight1 & ab\t ?irty-six feet squ>e at ! base4 ,su* is ! /r5g? !re requir$ to support ! pond]\s ro(4 ,! m9es are sunk to ! dep? ( "o hundr$ & ?irty fa?oms1 & are ext5d$ "u ! sea to places :]e !re is1 above !m1 suffici5t dep? ( wat] = %ips ( l>ge burd54 ,^! are ! deepe/ coal m9es :i* h hi!rto be5 wr\ght2 & p]haps ! m9]s h n1 9 any o!r "p ( ! globe1 p5etrat$ to s great a dep? b5ea? ! surface ( ! sea1 ! v deep m9es 9 ,hung>y1 ,p]u & else:]e1 be+ situat$ 9 m\nta9\s c\ntries1 :]e ! surface ( ! e>? is elevat$ to a great hight above ! level ( ! ocean4 ,9 ^! m9es !re are ?ree /rata ( coal1 :i* lie at a consid]able di/ance "o above ! o!r1 & are made to communicate by pits2 b ! ve9 is n always cont9u$ 9 ! same regul>ly incl9$ plane1 ! m9]s frequ5tly meet+ ) h>d rock1 by :i* _! fur!r progress is int]rupt$4 ,at su* places !re seem to h be5 breaks 9 ! e>?1 f ! surface d[nw>d1 "o portion appe>+ to h sunk d[n1 :ile ! adjo9+ "p has pres]v$ its anci5t situation4 ,9 "s ( ^! places ! e>? has sunk t51 tw5ty fa?oms1 & ev5 m2 :ile 9 o!rs ! depression has be5 less ?an "o fa?om4 ,^! breaks ! m9]s call dikes1 & :5 !y rea* "o ( !m1 _! fir/ c>e is to discov] :e!r ! /rata 9 ! adjo9+ "p are high] or l[] ?an 9 ! "p :]e !y h be5 work+2 or1 accord+ to _! own phrase1 :e!r ! coal be ca/ d[n or ca/ up4 ,9 ! =m] case !y s9k a pit2 b if x be ca/ up to any consid]able hight1 !y are frequ5tly oblig$1 ) great labor & exp5se1 to c>ry =w>d a level1 or long gall]y1 ?r\gh ! rock1 until !y aga9 rea* ! /ratum ( coal4 ,coal1 ! *ief m9]al ( ,scotl&1 has be5 !re work$ = a succession ( ages4 ,pope ,pius ,,ii41 9 8 description ( ,europe1 writt5 ab\t #adej1 m5tions t he beheld ) wond] black /ones giv5 z alms to ! poor ( ,scotl&4 ,?is m9]al may1 h[ev]1 be trac$ to ! twelf? c5tury2 & a v e>ly acc\nt ( ! ,scotti% coal m9es1 expla9s ) great precision1 ! mann] ( work+ ! coal1 n neglect+ to m5tion ! subt]rane\s walls ( :9 :i* int]sect ! /rata1 p>ticul>ly a rem>kable "o1 visible f ! riv] ,tyne1 :]e x =ms a cat>act1 & passes by ,pre/onpans1 to ! %ore ( ,fife4 ,! ,lo?ians & ,fife%ire1 p>ticul>ly ab\nd ) ?is useful m9]al1 :i* also ext5ds into ,ayr%ire2 & ne> ,irw9 is f\nd a curi\s v>iety1 nam$ ribbon-coal4 ,a s+ul> coal1 9 ve9s ( m9]al1 has be5 f\nd at ,ca/le ,leod1 9 ! ea/ ( ,ross-%ire2 & x is conjectur$ t ! l>ge/ unt\*$ field ( coal 9 ,europe1 exi/s 9 a b>r5 tract ( c\ntry 9 ,lan>k%ire4 ,! process ( m9+ coal is a comb9ation ( bor+ & digg+4 ,%afts are sunk1 levels are driv51 & dra9s are c>ri$ (f1 by ! help ( picks or pickaxes1 w$ges & hamm]s1 ! rocks be+ also sometimes loos5$ by bla/+ ) gunp[d]4 ,9 se>*+ = coal1 a %aft is sunk ?r\gh ! upp]mo/ s(t /ratum1 & ! rock is !n bor$1 by /rik+ x cont9ually ) an iron bor] t]m9at+ 9 an edge ( /eel1 :i* is 9 ! mean "t turn$ p>tly r\nd2 &1 at prop] int]vals1 a scoop is let d[n to draw up ! loose fragm5ts4 ,9 ?is mann] a p]=ation is sometimes made = m ?an an hundr$ fa?oms1 ! bor] be+ l5g!n$ by pieces screw$ on2 x is !n p>tly support$ by a c\nt]poise1 & work$ by ma*9]y4 ,%\ld x happ5 to break1 ! piece is rais$ by a rod furni%$ ) a holl[ cone1 z an ext+ui%]1 :i* is driv5 d[n on x4 ,! bor] is sometimes furni%$ ) knives1 :i* are made to act on any "p at pleasure1 & to scrape (f a portion ( ! surr\nd+ sub/ance1 :i* is collect$ 9 a prop] receptacle4 ,^? :o h ! direction ( deep & ext5sive coal m9es1 are oblig$1 ) great art & c>e1 to keep !m v5tilat$ ) p]petual curr5ts ( fre% air1 :i* af=d ! m9]s a con/ant supply ( t vital fluid1 & expel f ! m9es damps & o!r noxi\s exhalations1 toge!r ) su* o!r burnt & f\l air1 z has become delet]i\s & unfit = respiration4 ,9 ! des]t$ m9es1 :i* are n ?us v5tilat$ ) curr5ts ( fre% air1 l>ge quantities ( ^! damps are frequ5tly collect$2 & 9 su* works !y (t5 rema9 = a long "t )\t do+ any mis*ief4 ,b :51 by "s accid5t1 !y are set on fire1 !y !n produce dreadful explosions1 &1 bur/+ out ( ! pits ) great impetuosity1 l ! fi]y eruptions f burn+ m\nta9s1 =ce along ) !m pond]\s bodies to a great hight 9 ! air4 ,v>i\s in/ances h occurr$ 9 :i* ! coal has be5 set on fire by ! fulm9at+ damp1 & has cont9u$ burn+ = sev]al mon?s1 until l>ge /reams ( wat] 7 conduct$ into ! m9e1 s z to inundate ! p>ts :]e ! conflagration exi/$4 ,by su* fires sev]al colli]ies h be5 entirely de/roy$1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,newca/le1 & 9 o!r p>ts ( ,engl&1 z well z 9 ,fife%ire1 9 ,scotl&4 ,9 "s ( ^! places ! fire has cont9u$ to burn = ages4 ,to prev5t1 !re=e1 z mu* z possible1 ! colli]ies f be+ fill$ ) ^! p]nici\s damps1 x has be5 f\nd necess>y c>efully to se>* = ! crevices 9 ! coal :5ce !y issue1 &1 at ^? places1 to conf9e !m )9 a n>r[ space1 conduct+ !m ?r\gh l>ge pipes into ! op5 air1 :]e1 be+ set on fire1 !y consume 9 p]petual flame z !y cont9ually arise out ( ! e>?4 ,mr4 ,spell+1 an eng9e] ( ! ,:itehav5 coal m9es1 hav+ obs]v$ t ! fulm9at+ damp c\ld only be k9dl$ by flame1 & t x 0 n liable to be set on fire by r$-hot iron1 nor by ! sp>ks produc$ by ! collision ( fl9t & /eel1 inv5t$ a ma*9e call$ a /eel-mill1 9 :i* a :eel ( t metal is turn$ r\nd ) a v rapid motion1 &1 by ! application ( fl9ts1 great pl5ty ( sp>ks are emitt$1 :i* af=d ! m9]s su* a light z enables !m to c>ry on _! "w 9 close places1 :]e ! flame ( a c&le1 or a lamp1 w\ld1 z has already happ5$ 9 v>i\s in/ances1 occasion viol5t explosions4 ,9 t dreadful cata/rophe1 ! explosion ( ! ,fell+ colli]y1 ! p>ticul>s ( :i* w be h]eaft] detail$1 x w be se5 t mills ( ?is description 7 employ$1 9 se>*+ = ! rema9s ( ! victims ( ! sad disa/]2 b ?is ev5t happ5$ be=e ! inv5tion ( ,sir ,humphrey ,davy's safety-lamp1 a discov]y :i*1 :ile x af=ds a m c]ta9 light1 holds out e security to ! m9] aga9/ accid5ts :i*1 )\t su* a res\rce1 might /ill be sup]add$ to ^? already record$1 z aris+ f ! flame ( a c&le or lamp4 ,a great] numb] ( m9es h1 h[ev]1 be5 ru9$ by inundations ?an by fires2 & "h t noble inv5tion1 ! fire-eng9e1 displays its b5eficial effects4 ,x appe>s f nice calculations1 t x w\ld require ab\t five hundr$ & fifty m51 or a p[] equal to t ( "o hundr$ & t5 horses1 to "w ! pumps ( "o ( ! l>ge/ fire-eng9es1 hav+ a cyl9d] sev5ty in*es 9 diamet]1 n[ 9 use1 & ?rice t numb] ( m5 to keep an eng9e ( t size con/antly at "w4 ,x also appe>s t z mu* wat] may be rais$ by su* an eng9e1 z c be drawn1 )9 ! same space ( "t1 by tw5ty-five hundr$ & tw5ty m5 ) roll]s & buckets1 aft] ! mann] long practic$ 9 _m m9es2 or z mu* z c be borne on ! %\ld]s ( twice t numb] ( m51 z is said to be done 9 sev]al ( ! m9es ( ,p]u4 ,s great is ! p[] ( ! ela/ic /eam ( ! boil+ wat] 9 ^? eng9es1 & ( ! outw>d atmosph]e1 :i*1 by _! alt]nate actions give =ce & motion to ! beam1 & ?r\gh x to ! pump rods :i* elevate ! wat] ?r\gh tubes1 & dis*>ge x f ! m9e6 ,ye>s s9ce !re 7 f\r fire-eng9es belong+ to ! ,:itehav5 colli]y1 :i* :5 all at "w1 dis*>g$ f x ab\t twelve hundr$ & tw5ty-eight gallons ( wat] e m9ute1 at ?irte5 /rokes2 & at ! same rate1 "o million1 sev5 hundr$ & sixty-eight ?\s&1 ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty gallons1 upw>d ( sev5 ?\s& tuns1 e tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,by ^! eng9es ne>ly twice ! above-m5tion$ quantity ( wat] might be dis*>g$ f m9es n m ?an sixty or sev5ty fa?oms deep1 :i* dep? is r>ely exce$$ 9 ! ,newca/le colli]ies1 or 9 any o!r ,engli% colli]ies1 ) ! exception ( ! above4 ,coal pits h sometimes tak5 fire by accid5t1 & h cont9u$ to burn = a consid]able l5g? ( "t4 ,ab\t ! ye> #afdh1 a coal m9e at ,b5well1 a village ne> ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 0 accid5tally k9dl$ by a c&le3 at fir/ ! fire 0 s feeble1 t a rew>d ( half a cr[n1 :i* 0 ask$ by a p]son :o (f]$ to ext+ui% x1 0 refus$4 ,x gradually increas$1 h[ev]1 & _h cont9u$ burn+ = ?irty ye>s1 :5 ! acc\nt 0 drawn up & publi%$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions3 x 0 n f9ally ext+ui%$ until all ! fuel 0 consum$4 ,examples ( a simil> k9d h happ5$ 9 ,scotl& & 9 ,g]many4 ,b ( all ! record$ accid5ts relative to coal m9es1 t ( ,fell+ colli]y1 ne> ,sund]l&1 a concise n>rative ( :i* "h foll[s1 0 ! mo/ disa/r\s4 ,fell+ is a manor ab\t a mile & a half ea/ ( ,gate%ead4 ,x conta9s sev]al /rata ( coal1 ! upp]mo/ ( :i* 7 ext5sively wr\ght 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,! /ratum call$ ! high-ma91 0 begun 9 #aggi1 & cont9u$ to be wr\ght till ! n9ete5? ( ,janu>y1 #ahaa1 :5 x 0 entirely excavat$4 ,! pres5t colli]y 0 9 ! seam call$ ! l[-ma94 ,x comm5c$ 9 ,octob]1 #ahaj1 & 0 at full "w 9 ,may1 #ahab4 ,?is m9e 0 consid]$ by ! workm5 z a model ( p]fection 9 ! purity ( its air1 & ord]ly arrangem5ts2 its incl9$ plane 0 sav+ ! daily exp5se ( at lea/ ?irte5 horses2 ! conc]n wore ! features ( ! greate/ possible prosp]ity1 & no accid5t1 except a trifl+ explosion ( fire-damp1 slightly burn+ two or ?ree workm51 _h occurr$4 ,two %ifts1 or sets ( m51 7 con/antly employ$1 except on ,sundays4 ,tw5ty-five acres ( coal _h be5 excavat$4 ,! fir/ %ift ent]$ ! m9e at f\r o'clock1 ,a4 ,m41 & 7 reliev$ at _! work+-po/s by ! next at elev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,! e/abli%m5t employ$ "u gr\nd1 consi/$ ( ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight p]sons1 :o1 f ! elev5? to ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,may1 #ahab1 wr\ght six hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r scores ( coal1 equal to ?irte5 hundr$ ,newca/le1 or tw5ty-f\r hundr$ & fifty-five ,london *aldrons4 ,ab\t half pa/ elev5 o'clock1 on ! morn+ ( ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,may1 #ahab1 ! neighbor+ villages 7 al>m$ by a trem5d\s explosion 9 ?is colli]y4 ,! subt]rane\s fire broke =? ) two heavy dis*>ges f ! l[-ma91 :i* 7 almo/ in/antane\sly foll[$ by "o f ! high-ma94 ,a slight trembl+1 z f an e>?quake1 0 felt = ab\t half a mile ar\nd ! work+s2 & ! noise ( ! explosion1 ?\gh dull1 0 he>d to ?ree or f\r miles' di/ance1 & mu* resembl$ an un/eady fire ( infantry4 ,imm5se quantities ( du/ & small coal accompani$ ^! bla/s1 & rose high into ! air1 9 ! =m ( an inv]t$ cone4 ,! heavie/ "p ( ! eject$ matt]1 su* z corves1 pieces ( wood1 & small coal1 fell ne> ! pits2 b ! du/1 borne away by a /rong we/ w9d1 fell 9 a cont9u$ %[] f ! pit to ! di/ance ( a mile & a half4 ,z soon z ! explosion 0 he>d1 ! wives & *ildr5 ( ! workm5 ran to ! pit2 ! sc5e 0 di/ress+ beyond ! p[] ( description4 ,( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight p]sons 9 ! m9e at ! "t ( ! explosion1 only ?irty-two 7 br\ght to daylight3 tw5ty-n9e surviv$ ! fatal combu/ion2 ! re/ 7 de/roy$4 ,nor f ! "t ( ! explosion till ! eigh? ( ,july1 c\ld any p]son desc5d4 ,b aft] _m unsuccessful attempts to explore ! burn+ m9e1 x 0 reclos$1 to prev5t ! atmosph]ic air f ent]+ x3 ?is be+ done1 no attempt 0 aft]w>d made to explore x1 till ! morn+ ( ! la/-m5tion$ day2 f :i* "t to ! n9ete5? ( ,septemb]1 ! he>t-r5d+ sc5e ( mo!rs & wid[s exam9+ ! putrid bodies ( _! sons & husb&s1 = m>ks by :i* to id5tify !m1 0 almo/ daily r5ew$2 b v few ( !m 7 kn[n by any p]sonal m>k2 !y 7 too mu* mangl$ & scor*$ to reta9 any ( _! features4 ,_! clo!s1 tobacco-boxes1 %oes1 c41 71 !re=e1 ! only indexes by :i* !y c\ld be recogniz$4 ,at ! crane tw5ty-"o bodies lay 9 gha/ly confusion3 "s l mummies1 scor*$ z dry z if !y 7 bak$4 ,"o want$ its head1 ano!r an arm4 ,! sc5e 0 truly frightful4 ,! p[] ( fire 0 visible ^u !m all2 b its effects 7 extremely v>iable3 :ile "s 7 almo/ torn to pieces1 !re 7 o!rs :o appe>$ z if !y _h sunk d[n ov]p[]$ ) sleep4 ,! v5tilation conclud$ on ,saturday ! n9ete5? ( ,septemb]1 :5 ! n9ety-fir/ body 0 dug f "u a heap ( /ones4 ,at six o'clock 9 ! morn+ ! pit 0 visit$ by c&le-light1 :i* _h n be5 us$ 9 x = ! space ( "o hundr$ & sev5te5 days2 & at elev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+ ! tube furnace 0 light$4 ,f ?is "t ! colli]y has be5 regul>ly at "w2 b ! n9ety-second body has nev] yet be5 f\nd4 ,all ^! p]sons1 except f\r1 :o 7 buri$ 9 s+le graves1 7 int]r$ 9 ,hewor? *apel-y>d1 9 a tr5*1 side by side1 two c(f9s deep1 ) a p>tition ( brick & lime betwe5 e f\r c(f9s4 ,hav+ ?us glanc$ at "s ( ! coal m9es ( ,great ,brita91 we n[ pass to "s ( ^? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ^! coal is f\nd 9 f\r diff]5t =ms3 fir/1 ! g5u9e an?racite1 or glance coal1 z ne> ,worce/]1 ,mass41 & ,newport1 ,r4 ,i42 second1 coal de/itute ( bitum51 commonly call$ an?racite1 b :i* is m prop]ly anasphaltic1 :i* is f\nd at ,pottsville1 ,mau* ,*unk1 ,lackawanna1 ,wilkesb>re1 c42 ?ird1 bitum9\s coal1 usually f\nd 9 ! slate rock1 z at ,tioga1 ,lycom+1 etc42 & f\r?1 ! lignite coal1 f\nd along ! s\? %ore ( ! bay ( ,s\? ,amboy1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,f ! /ate ( ,alabama to ,pict\1 ,nova ,scotia1 ! coal b$s c be foll[$ 9 a nor?-ea/ direction1 = fifte5 hundr$ miles2 & f ,ri*mond1 9 ,virg9ia1 to ,rock ,riv]1 9 ,ill9ois1 !y are cont9ually cross$ at "r angles1 = ab\t eight hundr$ miles4 ,at ,ri*mond1 ! coal is bitum9\s2 on ! ,alleghany belt1 x is an?racite4 ,geologi/s ?9k t ! an?racite 0 lift$ out ( its horizontal position :5 ! great ,alleghany belt 0 upheav$1 & t its non-bitum9\s quality is ow+ to ! influ5ce ( ! int5se heat t accompani$ its upheaval4 ,taylor1 9 8 book on coal1 e/imates ! area ( bitum9\s coal 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ ( ! ,mississippi riv]1 at "o hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r ?\s&1 sev5 hundr$ & ?irty-five squ>e miles1 & we/ ( ! ,mississippi1 at eight ?\s&1 ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-sev5 squ>e miles2 ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica1 eighte5 ?\s& squ>e miles bitum9\s4 ,m ?an "o-?ird ( ! area ( ,p5nsylvania1 is m or less m>k$ by coal =mations2 "o-?ird ( ,k5tucky1 ,ohio & ,virg9ia1 "o-fif? ( ,indiana1 & ?ree-f\r?s ( ,ill9ois1 are occupi$ by c>bonif]\s /rata4 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ab\nds 9 bitum9\s coal1 & x is f\nd also 9 sev]al c\nties ( ,new ,york4 ,by ! c5sus ( #ahci-dj1 we f9d t ! quantity ( bitum9\s coal produc$ t ye> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 tw5ty-sev5 million1 six hundr$ & ?ree ?\s&1 "o hundr$ & n9ety-"o bu%els1 employ+ ab\t f\r ?\s& m51 & a capital ( "s two million doll>s2 & t ab\t f\r million doll>s ( capital 7 inve/$ 9 rais+ an?racite coal1 ( :i* "s n9e hundr$ ?\s& tuns 7( ab\t tw5ty-eight bu%els ea*7 7 produc$ by ! labors ( ab\t ?ree ?\s& m54 ,mo/ ( ?is 0 f ,p5nsylvania4 ,9 #ahai1 ! an?racite coal trade _h no exi/5ce2 9 #ahbj1 ?is k9d ( coal 0 fir/ us$ z fuel1 & j ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five tuns 7 s5t to m>ket2 9 #ahde1 ! am\nt 0 two million tuns2 9 #ahej1 ab\t ?ree million1 five hundr$ ?\s& tuns1 & ! pres5t ye> 7#ahed7 ! am\nt w probably be betwe5 six & sev5 million tuns4 ,! dem& & supply s /eadily & rapidly increase t x is impossible to e/imate ! va/ ext5t ! bus9ess ( coal m9+ is yet to atta94 ,glanc+ = a mom5t at o!r c\ntries1 we f9d t ,belgium1 9 #ahde1 _h two hundr$ & twelve m9es1 employ+ ?irty-eight ?\s& m9]s & five hundr$ /eam-eng9es1 & produc+ five million tuns2 ,france1 f\r hundr$ & =ty-n9e m9es1 employ+ ?irty ?\s& m9]s1 & produc+ five million tuns2 ,prussia1 9 #ahdj1 sev5 hundr$ & fifty-two m9es1 employ+ tw5ty-f\r ?\s& m9]s1 & rais+ ?ree million1 five hundr$ ?\s& tuns2 & t ,great ,brita91 9 #ahdf1 produc$ ?irty-five million tuns1 valu$ at =ty-five million doll>s at ! m9es4 ,au/ria & ,spa91 also1 h excell5t m9es1 ?\gh less productive4 ,& z a late & int]e/+ discov]y1 x may be add$1 t ! rec5t ,arctic exp$ition s5t out f ,engl&1 f\nd coal 9 ^? nor!rn regions1 on ! isl& ( ,disco1 outcropp+ ne> ! %ore4 ,!y also1 9 ano!r locality n f> (f1 discov]$ "s curi\s specim5s ( petrifi$ trees1 & ne> !m ext5sive qu>ries ( an?racite coal1 ( good quality4 ,!re appe>$ to be no limit to ! quantity t might be ?r[n into a boat ) ease1 & 9 ! space ( ?ree h\rs !y convey$ n less ?an twelve tuns to ! /eam]1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile di/ant4 ,x prov$1 on trial1 to be ( good quality1 ! combu/ion 0 p]fect1 & ! coal z economical z ! ,wel%4 ,we w conclude ! subject ( coal m9es1 ) ! /atem5t ( a rec5t t\ri/1 z to "s ( ! wond]s ( ! ,corni% m9es 9 ,engl&1 z he saw !m 9 #ahed4 ,he says3 8,"s ( ! m9es are truly gr& und]tak+s4 ,! #8consolidat$ m9es1' ! l>ge/ ( ! ,corni% gr\p1 employ upw>d ( ?ree ?\s& p]sons4 ,"o ( ! eng9es pumps wat] f a direct dep? ( sixte5 hundr$ feet1 ! weight ( ! pump+ app>atus alone be+ upw>d ( five hundr$ tuns2 ! pump+-rod is "o ?\s&1 sev5 hundr$ & =ty feet long1 & x raises ab\t two million gallons ( wat] 9 a week1 f a dep? equal to five times ! hight ( ,/4 ,paul's4 ,^! are1 inde$1 wond]s to m>vel at6 ,! consolidat$ & unit$ m9es1 bo? belong+ to "o company1 are /at$ to h us$ ! foll[+ va/ quantities ( mat]ials 9 a ye>3 coals1 fifte5 ?\s&1 two hundr$ & sev5ty tuns2 c&les1 "o hundr$ & ?irty-two ?\s&1 "o hundr$ & =ty-f\r p\nds2 gunp[d]1 eighty-two ?\s& p\nds2 lea!r1 = /raps1 c41 ?irte5 ?\s&1 f\r hundr$ & n9ety-?ree p\nds2 pick & %ovel h&les1 sixte5 ?\s&1 six hundr$ & n9ety-eight doz5s4 ,sir ,*>les ,lemon has e/imat$1 t 9 ! :ole ( ! ,corni% m9es1 ?irte5 ?\s& p\nds' wor? ( gunp[d] is us$ annually2 t ! timb] employ$ 9 ! und]gr\nd works1 equals ! gr[? ( "o hundr$ & =ty squ>e miles ( ,norwegian =e/2 & t ?irty-sev5 million tuns ( wat] are rais$ annually f ! m9es40 ,,salt ,,m9es4 ,h5ce ) diffusive salt old ,ocean /eeps1 ,8 em]ald %all[s1 & 8 sapphire deeps4 ,(t 9 wide lakes1 ar\nd _! w>m] brim1 ,9 holl[ pyramids ! cry/als swim2 ,or1 fus$ by e>?-born fires1 9 cubic blocks ,%oot _! wide =ms1 & h>d5 into rocks4--,,d>w94 ,cul9>y salt1 or1 z x is t]m$ 9 *emi/ry1 muriate ( soda1 exi/s abundantly 9 a native /ate1 bo? 9 a solid =m1 & dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,x occurs1 9 solution1 n only ?r\gh\t ! wide range ( ! ocean1 b 9 v>i\s spr+s1 riv]s & lakes2 & is kn[n1 9 its solid =m1 z a peculi> m9]al1 "u ! names ( rock-salt1 fossil salt1 & salt-gem4 ,its b$s are mo/ly b5ea? ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 b sometimes rise into hills ( consid]able elevation4 ,at ,cordova1 9 ,spa91 a hill1 betwe5 f\r & five hundr$ feet 9 hight1 is ne>ly compos$ ( ?is m9]al4 ,b ! mo/ celebrat$ salt m9es are ^? ( ,wielicza1 9 ,gallicia1 commonly call$ ! salt m9es ( ,crac[1 ^? ( ,tyrol1 ( ,ca/ile1 79 ,spa917 & ( ,*e%ire1 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,lahore1 9 ,h9doo/an1 is a hill ( rock-salt1 ( equal magnitude ) t ne> ,cordova4 ,! m9es ( ,iletski1 9 ,russia1 yield va/ quantities ( ?is sub/ance4 ,x is s pl5tiful 9 ! des]t ( ,c>amania1 & ! air s dry1 t x is !re us$ z a mat]ial = build+4 ,x =ms ! surface ( a l>ge "p ( ! nor!rn des]t ( ,lybia2 & is f\nd 9 great abundance 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,p]u4 ,x has a pure sal9e ta/e1 )\t any mixture ( bitt]ness2 & cry/allizes 9 cubes :5 obta9$ by sl[ evaporation f its solution4 ,9 ,g]many ! m9es ( ?is k9d are num]\s3 "o ( ! l>ge/ is t ( ,halle91 ne> ,saltzburg1 9 :i* ! salt is hewn out f subt]rane\s cav]ns ( a consid]able range1 & exhibits almo/ e div]sity ( color1 z yell[1 r$1 blue & :ite2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* x is dissolv$ 9 wat]1 to be lib]at$ f its impurities1 & aft]w>d recry/alliz$4 ,! salt m9es ( ,crac[1 & ^? ( ,*e%ire1 m]it a p>ticul> description4 ,,salt ,,m9es ,,( ,,crac[4 ,?us1 cav]n'd r\nd1 9 ,crac['s mighty m9es1 ,) cry/al walls a gorge\s city %9es2 ,scoop'd 9 ! br9y rock long /reets ext5d ,_! ho>y c\rse1 & glitt]+ domes asc5d3 ,d[n _! bright /eeps1 em]g+ into day1 ,impetu\s f\nta9s bur/ _! headlong way1 ,o'er milk-:ite vales 9 ivory *annels spread1 ,& wond]+ seek _! subt]rane\s b$4 ,=m'd 9 pellucid salt1 ) *isel nice1 ,! pale lamp glitt]+ ?r\gh ! sculptur'd ice1 ,) wild rev]t$ eyes fair ,lotta /&s1 ,& spreads to heav51 9 va91 h] glassy h&s2 ,cold dews cond5se ^u h] pe>ly brea/1 ,& ! big te> rolls lucid d[n h] ve/4 ,f> gleam+ o'er ! t[n1 transp>5t fanes ,re> _! :ite t[]s1 & wave _! gold5 vanes3 ,long l9es ( lu/]s p\r _! trembl+ rays1 ,& ! bright vault res\nds ) m+l$ blaze4--,,d>w94 ,^! celebrat$ excavations are ab\t five miles di/ant f ! city ( ,crac[1 9 a small t[n nam$ ,wielicza1 :i* is entirely und]m9$1 ! cavities rea*+ to a consid]able ext5t beyond its limits4 ,! l5g? ( ! great m9e1 a view ( :i* is se5 on ! next page1 f ea/ to we/1 is six ?\s& feet2 its bread?1 f nor? to s\?1 two ?\s&2 & its greate/ dep? eight hundr$2 b ! ve9s ( salt are n limit$ to ?is ext5t1 ! dep? & l5g? ( !m1 f ea/ to we/1 be+ yet unkn[n1 & _! bread? only1 hi!rto det]m9$4 ,!re are at pres5t t5 %afts2 & n a s+le spr+ has be5 discov]$ ?r\gh\t ! ext5t ( ! m9e4 ,9 desc5d+ to ! bottom1 ! visitor is surpris$ to f9d a k9d ( subt]rane\s commonweal?1 consi/+ ( _m families1 :o h _! peculi> laws & polity4 ,"h are likewise public roads & c>riages1 horses be+ employ$ to draw ! salt to ! m\?s ( ! m9e1 :]e x is tak5 up by eng9es4 ,^! horses1 :5 once arriv$ at _! de/9ation1 nev] m see ! light ( ! sun2 & _m ( ! p seem buri$ alive 9 ?is /range abyss1 hav+ be5 born !re1 & nev] /irr+ out2 :ile o!rs are n d5i$ frequ5t opportunities ( brea?+ ! fre% air 9 ! fields1 & enjoy+ ! surr\nd+ prospects4 ,! subt]rane\s passages1 or gall]ies1 are v spaci\s1 & 9 _m ( !m *apels are hewn out ( ! rock-salt4 ,9 ^! passages crucifixes are set up1 toge!r ) ! images ( sa9ts1 be=e :i* a light is kept con/antly burn+4 ,! places :]e ! salt is hewn out1 & ! empty cavities :5ce x has be5 remov$1 are call$ *amb]s1 9 sev]al ( :i*1 :]e ! wat] has /agnat$1 ! bottoms & sides are cov]$ ) v ?ick incru/ations ( ?\s&s ( salt cry/als1 ly+ "o on ! o!r1 & _m ( !m weigh+ half a p\nd & upw>d4 ,:5 c&les are plac$ be=e !m1 ! num]\s rays ( light reflect$ by ^! cry/als emit a surpris+ lu/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,great ,,salt ,,m9e ,,( ,,crac[4 ,9 sev]al p>ts ( ! m9e1 huge columns ( salt are left /&+1 to support ! rock2 & ^! are v fancifully ornam5t$4 ,b ! mo/ curi\s object 9 ! inhabit$ "p1 or subt]rane\s t[n1 is a /atue :i* is consid]$ by ! immur$ inhabitants z ! actual transmutation ( ,lot's wife into a pill> ( salt2 & 9 proportion z ?is /atue appe>s ei!r dry or moi/1 ! /ate ( ! wea!r above gr\nd is inf]r$4 ,! w9d+s 9 ?is m9e are s num]\s & intricate1 t ! workm5 h frequ5tly lo/ _! way2 & sev]al1 ^: lights h be5 ext+ui%$1 h ?us p]i%$4 ,! numb] ( m9]s to :om x gives employm5t1 is comput$ at betwe5 f\r & five hundr$2 b ! :ole am\nt ( ! m5 employ$ 9 x is ab\t sev5 hundr$4 ,! salt lies ne> ! surface1 9 l>ge1 %apeless masses1 f :i* blocks ( sixty1 eighty1 or a hundr$ feet squ>e1 may be hewn2 b at a consid]able dep? x is f\nd 9 small] lumps4 ,ab\t six hundr$ ?\s& qu9tals ( salt are dug annually out ( ! m9es ( ,crac[4 ,! wor/ & *eape/ is call$ gre5 salt1 f its gre5i% color1 occasion$ by a het]og5\s mixture ( a grayi% m9]al1 or clay1 & entirely consi/s ( salt cry/als ( diff]5t dim5sions4 ,a f9] sort is dug out 9 l>ge blocks2 & ! ?ird k9d is ! sal gemm1 or cry/al salt1 :i* is f\nd 9 small pieces int]sp]s$ 9 ! rock1 &1 :5 deta*$ f x1 breaks into cubes ( rectangul> prisms4 ,?is is usually sold unprep>$4 ,! color ( ! salt /one is a d>k gray mix$ ) yell[4 ,,salt ,,m9es ,,& ,,spr+s ,,( ,,*e%ire1 ,,engl&4 ,! ,*e%ire rock-salt1 ) v few exceptions1 has hi!rto be5 asc]ta9$ to exi/ only 9 ! valleys bord]+ on ! riv] ,weav] & its tribut>y /reams2 9 "s places manife/+ its pres5ce by spr+s impregnat$ ) salt1 & 9 o!rs be+ kn[n by m9es actually c>ri$ d[n into ! sub/ance ( ! salt /rata4 ,betwe5 ! s\rce ( ! ,weav] & ,nantwi*1 _m br9e spr+s make _! appe>ance2 & occur aga9 at sev]al places1 9 proce$+ d[n ! /ream4 ,at ,m\lton1 a m9e has be5 sunk into ! body ( rock-salt1 & a simil> m9e is wr\ght ne> ,middlewi*4 ,at ,nor?wi*1 br9e spr+s are v abundant2 & !re also _m m9es h be5 sunk = ! purpose ( work+ out ! fossil salt4 ,9 t vic9ity a body ( rock-salt has be5 met ) 9 se>*+ = coal4 ,! br9es 9 ?is di/rict are =m$ by ! p5etration ( spr+ or ra9 wat]s to ! upp] surface ( ! rock-salt1 9 pass+ ov] :i* !y acquire su* a degree ( /r5g?1 t "o hundr$ p>ts h yield$ tw5ty-sev5 ( pure salt1 ?us ne>ly approa*+ to ! p]fect saturation ( br9e4 ,_! /r5g? is !re=e mu* great] ?an t ( ! salt spr+s met ) 9 ,hung>y1 ,g]many & ,france4 ,! br9e hav+ be5 pump$ out ( ! pits1 is fir/ convey$ into l>ge res]voirs1 & aft]w>d drawn (f z x is ne$$1 into pans made ( wr\ght iron4 ,"h heat is appli$ 9 a degree det]m9$ by ! nature ( ! salt to be manufactur$1 & v>i\s additions are made to ! br9e1 ) a view ei!r to assi/ ! cry/allization ( ! salt1 or to promote ! sep>ation ( ! e>?y p>ticles1 :i* exi/ 9 a v small proportion4 ,! importance ( ! manufacture ( ,*e%ire salt w be suffici5tly obvi\s f ! /atem5t1 t1 besides ! salt made = home consumption1 ! annual am\nt ( :i* has exce$$ sixte5 ?\s& tuns1 ! av]age ( ! quantity s5t ye>ly to ,liv]pool = exportation1 has n be5 less ?an "o hundr$ & =ty ?\s& tuns4 ,! m9e ( rock-salt fir/ work$ 0 discov]$ by accid5t at ,m>bury1 ne> ,nor?wi* ab\t a c5tury & a half ago2 & ?is b$ _h be5 wr\ght = m ?an a c5tury1 :51 9 ! same neighborhood1 a second & inf]ior /ratum 0 fall5 9 )1 sep>at$ f ! =m] by a b$ ( indurat$ clay4 ,?is l[] /ratum 0 asc]ta9$ to possess a v great degree ( purity1 & fre$om f e>?y admixture2 on :i* acc\nt1 & f ! local advantages ( ,nor?wi* = exportation1 ! fossil salt is work$ 9 ! vic9ity ( t place only4 ,x occurs 9 two great /rata or b$s1 ly+ ne>ly horizontally1 & sep>at$1 ! sup]9cumb5t f ! subjac5t /ratum1 by sev]al lay]s ( indurat$ clay1 or argillace\s /one4 ,^! int]v5+ b$s possess1 9 conjunction1 a v uni=m ?ickness ( f ?irty to ?irty-five feet1 & are irregul>ly p5etrat$ by ve9s ( fossil salt4 ,!re is e reason to believe t ! b$s ( rock-salt at ,nor?wi*1 are p]fectly di/9ct f any o!rs 9 ! salt di/rict1 & =m :at are t]m$ by m9]alogi/s incumb5t bodies or masses ( m9]al4 ,^! enorm\s masses /ret* a mile & a half 9 a longitud9al direction f nor?-ea/ to s\?-we/2 b _! transv]se ext5t1 z measur$ by a l9e at "r angles f ! =m]1 does n exce$ =ty-two hundr$ feet1 some:at m ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile4 ,)\t ?is area1 ! br9e :i* is met )1 is ( a v weak & inf]ior quality1 & at a %ort di/ance disappe>s altoge!r4 ,! ?ickness ( ! upp] b$ v>ies f sixty to n9ety feet2 & a g5]al e/imate made f its level1 %[s t its upp] surface1 :i* is n9ety feet b5ea? t ( ! e>?1 is at lea/ ?irty-six feet b5ea? ! l[-wat] m>k ( ! sea at ,liv]pool2 a fact n unimportant 9 det]m9+ ! nature ( ! =mation ( ?is m9]al4 ,! ?ickness ( ! l[] b$ has n hi!rto be5 asc]ta9$2 b ! work+s are usually begun at ! dep? ( f sixty to sev5ty-five feet1 & are c>ri$ d[n = ! space ( fifte5 or eighte5 feet1 ?r\gh :at =ms ! pure/ portion ( ! b$4 ,9 "o ( ! m9es a %aft has be5 sunk to a level ( =ty-two feet /ill l[]1 )\t pass+ ?r\gh ! body ( rock-salt4 ,!re is ?us an asc]ta9$ ?ickness ( ?is b$ ( ab\t a hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 & )\t any direct evid5ce t x may n ext5d to a consid]ably great] dep?4 ,al?\gh two di/9ct b$s1 only1 ( fossil salt h be5 met ) at ,nor?wi*1 x has be5 asc]ta9$ t ! same limitations d n exi/ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! salt di/rict4 ,at ,lawton1 ne> ! s\rce ( ! riv] ,:eelock1 ?ree di/9ct b$s h be5 f\nd1 sep>at$ by /rata ( indurat$ clay3 "o at ! dep? ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-six feet1 f\r feet 9 ?ickness2 a second1 ?irty feet l[]1 twelve feet 9 ?ickness2 & a ?ird1 =ty-five feet fur!r d[n1 :i* 0 sunk into sev5ty-two feet1 )\t pass+ ?r\gh its sub/ance4 ,! int]v5+ clay1 ! /ructure ( :i* is v peculi>1 is call$ ! %aggy metal1 & ! fre% wat] :i* passes ?r\gh its pores has ! expressive appellation ( ,ro>+ ,meg4 ,?is epi!t w n appe> too /rong1 :5 x is m5tion$ t 9 a m9e 9 :i* ! section ( /rata 0 tak51 & :]e ! 8%aggy metal0 0 f\nd at ! dep? ( ab\t eighty feet1 ! quantity ( wat] asc]ta9$ to issue f its pores 9 "o m9ute1 0 n less ?an ?ree hundr$ & sixty gallons2 a circum/ance :i* greatly enhances ! difficulty ( pass+ a %aft d[n to ! body ( rock-salt4 ,9 _m ( ^! b$s ( argillace\s /one1 a portion ( salt1 suffici5tly /rong to affect ! ta/e1 is f\nd to exi/2 & ?is saltness increases1 z might be expect$1 9 proportion z ! body ( rock-salt is approa*$4 ,9 ! /rata or lay]s imm$iately above ! rock1 :i* 9 all ! m9es are p]fectly uni=m 9 _! appe>ance & /ructure1 ?is is p>ticul>ly rem>kable1 not)/&+ !re are n1 9 ^! /rata1 any ve9s ( rock-salt connect$ ) ! great mass bel[4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! l9e betwe5 ! clay & rock-salt is drawn ) great di/9ctness 9 e in/ance1 )\t pres5t+ any ( ^? inequalities :i* w\ld arise f a mutual p5etration ( ! /rata4 ,n any m>9e exuvi1 or organic rema9s1 are f\nd 9 ! /rata above ! rock-salt2 & ! almo/ univ]sal occurr5ce ( gypsum1 9 connection ) b$s ( fossil salt1 is a fact /ill m des]v+ ( obs]vation1 because x appe>s1 n only 9 ^! m9es1 b also 9 ! salt m9es ( ,hung>y1 ,pol& & ,transylvania2 on :i* acc\nt ,w]n]1 9 8 geogno/ic sy/em1 assigns to ! rock-salt & fletz gypsum a conjunct situation4 ,! fossil salt extract$ f ! ,nor?wi* m9es is ( diff]5t degrees ( purity1 & m or less bl5d$ ) e>?y & metallic sub/ances4 ,! pur] portion ( ! l[] b$ yields a rock-salt1 :i*1 be+ pr9cipally export$ to ! ,baltic1 obta9s ! "n ( ,prussian rock4 ,! ext5t ( ! cavity =m$ by ! work+s1 v>ies 9 diff]5t m9es1 ! av]age dep? be+ ab\t sixte5 feet4 ,9 "s ( ! pits1 :]e pill>s f eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r feet squ>e =m ! supports ( ! m9e1 ! appe>ance ( ! cavity is s+ul>ly /rik+1 & ! brilliancy ( ! effect is greatly increas$ :5 ! m9e is illum9at$ by c&les fix$ to ! sides ( ! rock4 ,! sc5e ?us =m$ almo/ appe>s to realize ! magic palaces ( ea/]n poets4 ,"s ( ! pits are work$ 9 aisles or /reets1 b ! *oice "h is :olly arbitr>y4 ,among ! me?ods employ$ 9 work+ out ! rock-salt1 ! op]ation ( bla/+ is appli$ to ! sep>ation ( l>ge masses f ! body ( ! rock1 & ^! are aft]w>d brok5 d[n by ! me*anical implem5ts 9 common use4 ,! pres5t numb] ( m9es is elev5 or twelve1 f :i* !re are rais$1 on an annual av]age1 fifty or sixty ?\s& tuns ( rock-salt4 ,! great] "p ( ?is quantity is export$ to ,irel& & ! ,baltic1 ! rema9d] be+ employ$ 9 ! ,*e%ire di/rict1 9 ! manufacture ( :ite salt1 by solution & subsequ5t evaporation4 ,! g5]al situation occupi$ by ! rock-salt 9 ,*e%ire is v simil> to t ( ! ,transylvanian & ,poli% m9es1 ! b$s ( ?is m9]al be+ dispos$ 9 small pla9s1 b\nd$ by hills ( inconsid]able hight1 =m+ a k9d ( bas9 or holl[1 f :i* !re is usually only a n>r[ egress = ! wat]s4 ,! situation ( ! ,au/rian salt m9es ne> ,saltzburg is1 h[ev]1 v diff]5t4 ,! m9]al !re appe>s to be dispos$ 9 b$s ( great ?ickness1 :i* occur ne> ! summits ( lime/one hills1 at a great elevation above ! adjo9+ c\ntry4 ,?is is a s+ul> fact2 & if ! hypo!sis be all[$ t rock-salt is =m$ f ! wat]s ( ! sea1 x is necess>y to suppose ! occurr5ce on ?is spot ( ! mo/ va/ & surpris+ *anges6 ,?\gh !re are no salt m9es 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !re are salt spr+s 9 sev]al places4 ,by f> ! mo/ important & valuable ( ^!1 are 9 ! neighborhood ( ,syracuse1 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york4 ,! l& conta9+ ^! spr+s1 is own$ by ! /ate1 & is leas$ free ( r5t1 to be us$ only = ! manufacture ( salt4 ,! wells are dug1 & ! wat] pump$ up at ! exp5se ( ! /ate1 & ! manufactur] pays a duty ( "o c5t on ea* bu%el he makes4 ,"s ( ! wells are sunk to ! dep? ( f\r hundr$ feet4 ,f9e salt is prep>$ by boil+2 & co>se by sol> evaporation4 ,9 #ahej1 ! numb] ( salt manufactories 9 ?is vic9ity 0 "o hundr$ & n9ety-two2 & ! quantity ( salt produc$ 9 #ahec1 am\nt$ to m ?an five million bu%els4 ,! salt ( ?is region has be5 ?or\ghly te/$1 & f\nd to be fully equal to any ( =eign manufacture4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,ph5om5a ,,( ,,! ,,ocean4 ------------------------------------ 8,!y t g d[n to ! sea 9 %ips1 t d bus9ess 9 great wat]s2 ^! see ! works ( ! ,"l1 & 8 wond]s 9 ! deep40--,,psalms4 8,) wond] m>k ! mov+ wild]ness ( waves1 ,f pole to pole ?r\gh b\ndless space diffus$1 ,magnific5tly dreadful6 :]e1 at l>ge1 ,levia?an1 ) ea* inf]ior "n ,( sea-born k9ds1 t5 ?\s& ?\s& tribes1 ,f9d endless range = pa/ure & = sport4 ,ador+ own ,! ,h& ,almighty1 :o 9 *annel$ b$ ,immeasurable sunk1 & p\r$ abroad1 ,f5c$ ) et]nal m\nds1 ! fluid sph]e2 ,) e w9d to waft l>ge comm]ce on4 ,jo9 pole to pole1 consociate sev]$ worlds1 ,& l9k 9 bonds ( int]c\rse & love ,e>?'s univ]sal family40--,,mallet4 ,t huge mass ( wat]s impregnat$ ) salt1 :i* encompasses all p>ts ( ! globe1 & by ! means ( :i*1 9 ! pres5t improv$ /ate ( navigation1 an easy int]c\rse subsi/s betwe5 ! mo/ di/ant nations1 is d5om9at$ ! ocean1 & has ?ree gr& divisions assign$ to x4 ,fir/1 t va/ expanse ( wat] :i* lies to ! we/w>d ( ! nor!rn & s\!rn cont95ts ( ,am]ica1 & by :i* ^? cont95ts are divid$ f ,asia4 ,on acc\nt ( ! uni=m & temp]ate gales :i* sweep its surface )9 ! tropics1 x is nam$ ! ,pacific ocean2 & has aga9 be5 di/+ui%$ into ! nor!rn & s\!rn ,pacific1 7! equator be+ consid]$ z ! divid+ l9e17 & ! ,s\!rn ocean1 or ,s\? sea1 be+ consequ5tly t "p ( ! g5]al assemblage ( wat]s :i* is conta9$ betwe5 ! =tie? degree ( s\? latitude & ! s\? pole4 ,its g5]al wid? is e/imat$ at ab\t t5 ?\s& miles4 ,secondly1 ! ,atlantic ocean1 :i* divides ,europe & ,africa f ! two ,am]ican cont95ts1 & has a g5]al wid? ( ab\t ?ree ?\s& miles2 :ile ! wat]s :i* occupy ! pol> regions are nam$ ! ,nor!rn sea4 ,&1 la/ly1 ! ,indian ocean1 :i* ext5ds f ! ea/]n %ores ( ,africa along ! s\!rn coa/s ( ,asia1 & has ! same g5]al wid? ) ! prec$+ "o4 ,among ! *ief ( ^? less expansive %eets ( wat]1 prop]ly call$ seas1 may be m5tion$ ! ,baltic1 ! ,m$it]ranean sea1 & ! ,black & ,r$ seas4 ,! ,caspian sea1 be+ entirely encompass$ by l&1 might1 ) m propriety1 h be5 /yl$ a lake2 b z its wat] possesses ! quality ( saltness1 x is rank$ among ! seas4 ,x is1 not)/&+1 c]ta9 t ,lake ,sup]ior has a /ill great] circumf]5ce1 ext5d+ ar\nd its %ores at lea/ f\rte5 hundr$ miles1 :ile ! ext5t ( ! ,caspian does n exce$ twelve hundr$4 ,( ! orig9 ( ?is division into diff]5t seas1 & seas ( diff]5t dep?s1 little is kn[n2 b x is highly probable t _m ( ! l>g] excavations & p>titions n[ met )1 h exi/$1 )\t mu* *ange z to _! ext5t1 f ! creation4 ,o!rs h und\bt$ly be5 ! result ( t conflict :i* is p]petually tak+ place betwe5 ! elem5ts ( l& & wat]1 & :i* has1 = ! great] "p1 giv5 rise to isl&s1 i/hmuses & p59sulas2 :ile subt]rane\s volcanoes1 & ! truly surpris+ & indefatigable ex]tions ( coral1 madrepores1 tubipores1 & o!r re/less & multitud9\s zophytes1 h laid1 & are daily lay+1 ! f\ndation ( new isl&s & cont95ts 9 ! middle ( ! wide/ & deepe/ seas4 ,! quantity ( wat] 9 ! ocean1 n only rema9s con/antly ! same1 b1 not)/&+ its mo/ viol5t & incessant motion1 cont9ues /able )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 c n be inf]r$ f obs]vation2 =1 al?\gh 9 ! almo/ inf9ite v>iety ( di/urbances to :i* ! ocean is liable1 f ! action ( irregul> causes1 x may appe> to return to its =m] /ate ( equilibrium1 /ill x may be appreh5d$ t "s extraord9>y cause may communicate to x a %ock1 :i*1 ?\gh inconsid]able at fir/1 may augm5t cont9ually1 & elevate x above ! highe/ m\nta9s4 ,x is1 !re=e1 int]e/+ to inve/igate ! conditions :i* are necess>y = ! absolute /ability ( ! ocean4 ,?is has be5 effect$ by ! celebrat$ ,laplace1 :o has demon/rat$ t ! equilibrium ( ! ocean mu/ be /able1 if ! d5sity be less ?an ! mean d5sity ( ! e>?1 :i* is kn[n to be ! case4 ,he has likewise det]m9$1 by means ( 8 ref9$ analysis1 t ?is /ability w\ld cease to exi/1 if ! mean d5sity ( ! sea 7 to exce$ t ( ! e>?2 s t ! /ability ( ! equilibrium ( ! ocean1 & ! excess ( ! d5sity ( ! t]re/rial globe above t ( ! wat]s :i* cov] x1 are reciprocally connect$ ) ea* o!r1 & indicate inf9ite wisdom & contrivance 9 su* an adju/m5t4 ,,saltness ,,( ,,! ,,sea4 ,( ! v>i\s ph5om5a ( ! sea1 t ( its saltness is "o ( ! mo/ obvi\s4 ,no que/ions conc]n+ ! natural hi/ory ( our globe h be5 discuss$ ) m att5tion1 or decid$ ) less satisfaction1 ?an t conc]n+ its prim>y cause1 :i* _h p]plex$ ! philosoph]s be=e ! "t ( ,ari/otle1 & surpass$ ev5 ! great g5ius ( t pr(\nd inquir] into natural causes4 ,kir*]1 aft] hav+ consult$ n less ?an ?irty-?ree au?ors on ?is subject1 c\ld n help rem>k+1 t ! fluctuations ( ! ocean itself 7 sc>cely m v>i\s ?an ! op9ions conc]n+ ! orig9 ( its sal9e impregnation4 ,?is "q does n seem capable ( admitt+ an illu/ration f exp]im5t2 at lea/1 n f any exp]im5ts hi!rto made = t purpose3 x is1 !re=e1 n surpris+1 t x rema9s ne>ly z problematical 9 ! pres5t age1 z x has be5 9 any ( ! prec$+4 ,_h obs]vations be5 made ?ree or f\r c5turies ago1 to asc]ta9 ! saltness ( ! sea1 !n1 at any p>ticul> "t & place1 we might n[1 by mak+ simil> obs]vations at ! same place1 9 ! same season1 h be5 able to "k1 :e!r ! saltness1 at t p>ticul> place1 0 increas+ or decreas+1 or an inv>iable quantity4 ,?is k9d & degree ( k w\ld h s]v$ z a clue to direct u to a full inve/igation ( ?is matt] 9 g5]al4 ,x is to be regrett$1 h[ev]1 t obs]vations ( ?is nature h n1 9 =m] days1 be5 made ) any degree ( precision4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal op9ions ma9ta9$ on ?is subject by mod]n philosoph]s1 & m p>ticul>ly support$ by ,halley1 is1 t s9ce riv]-wat]1 9 almo/ e "p ( ! globe1 is impregnat$ 9 a great] or less degree by sea-salt1 ! sea mu/ h gradually acquir$ its pres5t quantity ( salt f ! long cont9u$ influx ( riv]s4 ,! wat] :i* is c>ri$ into ! sea by ^! riv]s1 is aga9 sep>at$ f x by evaporation1 & be+ disp]s$ ov] ! atmosph]e by w9ds1 soon desc5ds 9 ra9 or vapor ^u ! surface ( ! e>?1 :5ce x ha/5s to p\r into ! bosom ( ! ocean ! fre% tribute ( salt x has collect$ 9 its inl& progress4 ,?us ! salt convey$ into ! sea n be+ a volatile sub/ance1 nor p]=m+ an incessant circulation1 mu/ be a p]petually increas+ quantity2 & suffici5t "t1 x is cont5d$1 has elaps$ s9ce ! creation1 = ! sea to acquire1 f ?is s\rce1 its pres5t quantity ( salt4 ,?is op9ion has be5 successfully combat$2 & x is d5i$ t fre%wat] riv]s c\ld1 9 ! c\rse ( ?\s&s or ev5 millions ( ye>s1 h produc$ saltness 9 ! sea4 ,if ?is 7 ! case1 e sea1 or great body ( wat]1 :i* receives riv]s1 mu/ h be5 salt1 & h possess$ a degree ( saltness 9 proportion to ! quantity ( wat] :i* ^! riv]s dis*>ge4 ,b s f> is ?is f be+ true1 t ! ,palus ,motis1 & our great ,am]ican lakes1 d n conta9 salt wat]1 b fre%4 ,x may inde$ be object$1 t ! quantity ( salt :i* riv]s c>ry along ) !m1 & deposit 9 ! sea1 mu/ dep5d on ! nature ( ! soil ?r\gh :i* !y fl[1 :i* may 9 "s places n conta9 any salt2 & t ?is is ! reason :y ! great lakes 9 ,am]ica & ! ,palus ,motis are fre%4 ,b to ?is op9ion1 :i* is m]ely hypo!tical1 !re are insurm\ntable objections4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t ! saltness ( ! sea is greate/ "u ! equator1 & dim9i%es gradually t[>d ! poles2 b x c n !re=e be assum$ t ! e>? conta9s m salt 9 ! tropical regions ?an 9 ! temp]ate zones1 & m 9 ^! aga9 ?an 9 ! frigid zones4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if x be all[$ t ! sea receives its saltness f ! riv]s1 x mu/ be equally salt1 or ne>ly s1 9 e "p ( ! e>?2 s9ce1 accord+ to a simple & well-kn[n pr9ciple 9 *emi/ry1 :5 any sub/ance is dissolv$ 9 wat] ) ! assi/ance ( agitation1 at :atev] "p ( ! wat] x is introduc$1 x w be equally diffus$ ?r\gh ! :ole liquid4 ,n[1 ?\gh x 7 true t a great] quantity ( salt %\ld h be5 introduc$ into ! sea "u ! equator1 ?an t[>d ! poles1 f ! con/ant agitation occasion$ by ! w9d & tide1 ! salt mu/ h soon p]vad$ ! :ole mass ( wat]4 ,nei!r is ?is great] proportion ( saltness ow+ to a sup]ior degree ( heat1 s9ce x is an e/abli%$ pr9ciple 9 *emi/ry1 t cold wat] & hot wat] dissolve ne>ly ! same proportion ( salt4 ,! saltness ( ! sea has also be5 ascrib$ to ! solution ( subt]rane\s m9es ( salt1 t are suppos$ to ab\nd 9 ! bottom ( ! sea1 & along its %ores4 ,b ?is hypo!sis c n be support$4 ,if ! sea 7 con/antly dissolv+ salt1 x w\ld soon become saturat$2 = x c n be said t x is depriv$ ( any portion ( its salt by evaporation1 s9ce ra9-wat] is fre%4 ,if ! sea 7 to become saturat$1 nei!r fi%es nor vegetables c\ld live 9 x4 ,x may h5ce be inf]r$ t ! saltness ( ! sea c n be acc\nt$ = by second>y causes1 & t x has be5 salt s9ce ! beg9n+ ( "t4 ,x is inde$ impossible to suppose t ! wat]s ( ! sea 7 at any "t fre% s9ce ! =mation ( fi%es & sea-plants2 nei!r w !y live 9 wat] :i* is fre%4 ,x may h5ce be conclud$ t ! saltness ( ! sea has1 ) "s few exceptions1 p]haps aris+ f m9es ( rock-salt disp]s$ ne> its %ores1 be5 ne>ly ! same 9 all ages4 ,?is hypo!sis1 :i* is ! simple/1 & is involv$ 9 ! fewe/ difficulties1 be/ expla9s ! v>i\s ph5om5a dep5d5t on ! saltness ( ! sea4 ,al?\gh ?is sal9e prop]ty may be "o ( ! causes by :i* ! wat]s ( ! sea are pres]v$ f putridity1 /ill x c n be consid]$ z ! pr9cipal cause4 ,! ocean has1 l riv]s1 its curr5ts1 by :i* its cont5ts are circulat$ r\nd ! globe2 & ^! may be said to be ! great ag5ts :i* keep x sweet & :olesome4 ,a v enlight5$ navigator1 ,sir ,john ,hawk9s1 speaks ( a calm1 9 :i* ! sea1 hav+ cont9u$ = "s "t )\t motion1 assum$ a v =midable aspect4 8,7 x n10 he obs]ves1 8= ! mov+ ( ! sea by ! =ce ( w9ds1 tides & curr5ts1 x w\ld corrupt all ! _w4 ,! exp]im5t ( ?is ,i saw 9 ! ye> #aeij1 ly+ ) a fleet ab\t ! isl&s ( ! ,azores1 almo/ six mon?s1 ! great] "p ( :i* "t we 7 becalm$4 ,^u :i*1 all ! sea became s repl5i%$ ) v>i\s sorts ( gellies1 & =ms ( s]p5ts1 add]s & snakes1 z seem$ wond]ful2 "s gre51 "s black1 "s yell[1 "s :ite1 "s ( div]s colors1 & _m ( !m _h life2 & "s !re 7 a y>d & a half1 & two y>ds long2 :i*1 _h ,i n se51 ,i c\ld h>dly h believ$4 ,& h]e( are witnesses all ! companies ( ! %ips :i* 7 !n pres5t2 s t h>dly a man c\ld draw a bucket ( wat] cle> ( "s corruption4 ,9 :i* voyage1 t[>d ! end !re(1 _m ( e %ip fell sick1 & began to die apace4 ,b ! spe$y passage into our c\ntry1 0 a rem$y to ! diseas$1 & a pres]vative to ^? :o 7 n t\*$40 ,,congelation ,,( ,,sea-,,wat]4 ,al?\gh ! ass]tion t salt wat] nev] freezes1 has be5 contradict$ by repeat$ exp]i5ce1 x is /ill c]ta9 t x requires a mu* great] degree ( cold to produce its congelation1 ?an fre% wat]4 ,x is1 !re=e1 "o ( ! greate/ bless+s :i* we d]ive f ?is elem5t1 t :5 we f9d all ! /ores ( nature lock$ up to u on ! l&1 ! sea is1 ) few exceptions1 ev] op5 to our necessities4 ,x is well kn[n t at p>ticul> seasons1 ! m\? ( ! riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ! entrance into ! ,baltic sea1 c41 are s mu* froz5 ov] z to be impassable by %ips2 :ile ! va/ m\nta9s & fields ( ice 9 ! pol> regions1 h = ages pa/ be5 insurm\ntable ob/ructions to ! d>+ rese>*es ( mod]n navigators4 ,^! exceptions1 h[ev]1 w appe> ( comp>atively trifl+ importance to navigation1 :5 ! numb] ( ports :i* are1 9 almo/ e region1 op5 at all seasons ( ! ye>1 are consid]$2 & ?is facility ( int]c\rse w\ld c]ta9ly n h be5 af=d$1 if sea-wat] _h admitt$ ( z easy a congelation z t ( wat] n impregnat$ ) salt4 ,on ! orig9 ( ice 9 ! froz5 seas1 diff]5t op9ions h be5 ent]ta9$4 ,! au?ority ( ,capt4 ,cook & ,"l ,mulgrave1 has be5 cit$ by ,bi%op ,watson1 to %[ t good fre% wat] may be procur$ f ice f\nd 9 ^? seas2 b he obs]ves t1 not)/&+ ! te/imonies ( ^! v able navigators1 x may /ill be d\bt$ :e!r ! ice f :i* ! wat] 0 obta9$1 _h be5 =m$ 9 ! sea1 &1 consequ5tly1 :e!r sea-wat] itself w\ld1 :5 froz51 yield fre% wat]4 ,he ?9ks x probable t ! ice _h ei!r be5 =m$ at ! m\?s ( l>ge fre%-wat] riv]s1 & _h !nce1 by tides or torr5ts be5 drift$ into ! sea1 or t x _h be5 brok5 by its own weight1 f ! imm5se cliffs ( ice & froz5 sn[ :i*1 9 c\ntries :]e !re are few riv]s1 are f\nd 9 high latitudes to project a great way into ! sea4 ,an e>ly navigator1 ,fo!rbye1 9 ! relation ( 8 voyage t[>d ! s\? pole1 9 #afad1 consid]s sn[ to be ! orig9al cause ( ! ice f\nd at sea1 he himself hav+ obs]v$ x to lie an in* ?ick on ! surface2 & ,capta9 ,cook1 f 8 own obs]vation 9 ! ,s\? sea1 0 dispos$ to ?9k t ! va/ floats ( ice he met ) 9 ! spr+1 7 =m$ f ! congelation ( sn[4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! sn[ :i* falls ^u ! surface ( ! sea1 be+ 9 a solid /ate1 &1 bulk = bulk1 light] ?an sea-wat]1 w n readily comb9e ) x1 b may1 by a due degree ( cold 9 ! atmosph]e1 be spe$ily conv]t$ into a lay] ( ice4 ,! upp] lay] ( ?is fir/ surface ( ice be+ elevat$ above ! surface ( ! sea1 w receive all ! fre% wat] :i* falls f ! atmosph]e 9 ! =m ( sn[1 sleet1 ra9 or dew1 by ! successive congelation ( :i*1 ! l>ge/ fields ( ice may at l5g? be =m$4 ,x is a matt] ( little consequ5ce to a navigator1 :5ce ! ice :i* supplies him ) fre% wat] is produc$4 ,leav+1 !re=e1 ^! hypo!ses relative to ! =mation ( ice 9 froz5 seas1 x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! "q1 :e!r congeal$ sea-wat] w1 :5 ?aw$1 yield fre% wat]1 has be5 satisfactorily decid$ by exp]im5ts made ) e suitable att5tion4 ,a quantity ( sea-wat] hav+ be5 tak5 up (f ! ,engli% coa/1 0 expos$ to a freez+ atmosph]e1 & af=d$ an ice p]fectly free f any ta/e ( salt2 & x has likewise be5 f\nd1 t n only sea-wat]1 b wat] conta9+ d\ble ! proportion ( salt commonly f\nd 9 our sea-wat]1 & m ?an is conta9$ 9 ! sea-wat] ( any climate1 may be froz5 by ! cold prevail+ 9 our atmosph]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,iceb]gs1 ,,or ,,ice-,,isl&s4 ,,ice-,,isl&s4 ,ice-isl&s1 or iceb]gs1 z !y are commonly call$1 is ! "n giv5 by seam5 to ! huge1 solid masses ( ice :i* ab\nd 9 ! sea ne> or )9 ! pol> circles1 & :i* (t5 float d[n ne>] to ! equator1 till !y are gradually dissolv$ by ! increas+ w>m? ( ! air & wat]4 ,! cut gives a view ( !m z se5 by ,dr4 ,scoresby1 :o c\nt$ five hundr$ ( !m betwe5 latitude sixty-n9e degrees & sev5ty degrees nor?1 :i* 7 f "o hundr$ to two hundr$ feet high1 & f a few y>ds to a mile 9 circumf]5ce4 ,_m ( ^! fluctuat+ isl&s are met ) on ! coa/s ( ,spitzb]g51 to ! great dang] ( ! vessels employ$ 9 ! ,gre5l& fi%]y4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ^! trem5d\s masses1 navigators h be5 arre/$ & froz5 to dea?4 ,9 ?is mann] ! brave ,sir ,hugh ,will\ghby p]i%$1 ) all 8 crew1 9 #aeec2 & 9 ! ye> #aggc1 ,"l ,mulgrave1 aft] e ef=t :i* ! mo/ accompli%$ seaman c\ld make1 to rea* ! t]m9ation ( 8 voyage1 0 caught 9 ! ice1 & ne>ly exp]i5c$ ! same unhappy fate4 ,! sc5e he describes1 dive/$ ( ! horrors att5dant on ! ev5tful expectation ( *ange1 0 mo/ beautiful & picturesque4 ,two l>ge %ips becalm$ 9 a va/ bas91 surr\nd$ on all sides by ice-isl&s ( v>i\s =ms2 ! wea!r cle>2 ! sun gild+ ! circumambi5t ice1 :i* 0 smoo?1 l[1 ev51 & cov]$ ) sn[1 except :]e pools ( wat]1 on a portion ( ! surface1 %ot =? new icy cry/als1 & on ! smoo? surface ( ! comp>atively small space ( sea 9 :i* !y 7 hemm$4 ,su* is ! picture drawn by our navigator1 amid ! p]ils by :i* lie 0 surr\nd$4 ,aft] fruitless attempts to =ce _! way ?r\gh ! fields ( ice1 ! limits ( ^! became at l5g? s contract$1 t ! %ips 7 immovably fix$4 ,! smoo? ext5t ( surface 0 soon lo/2 ! pressure ( ! pieces ( ice1 by ! viol5ce ( ! swell1 caus$ !m to pack2 & fragm5t rose ^u fragm5t1 until !y 7 9 _m places high] ?an ! ma9-y>d4 ,! movem5ts ( ! %ips 7 trem5d\s & involunt>y1 9 conjunction ) ! surr\nd+ ice1 actuat$ by ! curr5ts4 ,! wat] hav+ %oal$ to f\rte5 fa?oms1 great appreh5sions 7 ent]ta9$1 z ! gr\nd+ ( ! ice1 or ( ! %ips1 w\ld h be5 equally fatal3 ! =ce ( ! ice might h cru%$ !m to atoms1 or h lift$ !m out ( ! wat]1 & h ov]set !m2 or1 aga91 h left !m susp5d$ on ! summits ( ! pieces ( ice1 at a trem5d\s hight1 expos$ to ! fury ( ! w9ds1 or to ! risk ( be+ da%$ to pieces by ! failure ( _! froz5 dock4 ,an attempt 0 made to cut a passage ?r\gh ! ice2 b aft] a p]sev]ance truly wor?y ( ,britons1 x prov$ ineffectual4 ,! comm&]1 :o 0 at all times ma/] ( himself1 direct$ ! boats to be made ready to be haul$ ov] ! ice1 till !y %\ld rea* navigable wat]1 propos+ 9 !m to make ! voyage to ,engl&2 b aft] !y _h ?us be5 drawn ov] ! ice1 = ?ree progressive days1 a w9d hav+ sprung up1 ! ice sep>at$ suffici5tly to yield to ! pressure ( ! %ips 9 full sail4 ,aft] hav+ labor$ aga9/ ! resi/+ fields ( ice1 !y at l5g? rea*$ ! h>bor ( ,sme]9b]g1 at ! we/ end ( ,spitzb]g54 ,! va/ isl&s ( float+ ice :i* ab\nd 9 ! high s\!rn latitudes1 are a pro( t !y are visit$ by a mu* sev]] degree ( cold ?an equal latitudes t[>d ! nor? pole4 ,capta9 ,cook1 9 8 second voyage1 fell 9 ) "o ( ^! isl&s 9 latitude fifty degrees1 =ty m9utes1 s\?4 ,x 0 ab\t fifty feet high1 & half a mile 9 circuit1 be+ flat on ! top1 :ile its sides1 aga9/ :i* ! sea broke exce$+ly high1 rose 9 a p]p5dicul> direction4 ,9 ! aft]noon ( ! same day1 ! t5? ( ,decemb]1 #aggc1 he fell 9 ) ano!r l>ge cubical mass ( ice1 ab\t two ?\s& feet 9 l5g?1 f\r hundr$ feet 9 bread?1 & 9 hight two hundr$ feet4 ,mr4 ,fo/]1 ! naturali/ ( ! voyage1 rem>ks t1 accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,boyle & ,m>ian1 ! volume ( ice is to t ( sea-wat] z t5 to n9e3 consequ5tly1 by ! kn[n rules ( hydro/atics1 ! volume ( ice :i* rises above ! surface ( ! wat]1 is to t :i* s9ks bel[ x z "o to n9e4 ,suppos+1 !re=e1 ?is mass ( ice to h be5 ( a regul> figure1 its dep? "u wat] mu/ h be5 eighte5 hundr$ feet1 & its :ole hight1 tw5ty hundr$ feet3 e/imat+ its l5g?1 z above1 at tw5ty hundr$ feet1 & its bread? at f\r hundr$ feet1 ! entire mass mu/ h conta9$ sixte5 hundr$ millions ( cubic feet ( ice4 ,two days aft]1 sev]al o!r ice-isl&s 7 se51 "s ( !m ne>ly two miles 9 circuit1 & six hundr$ feet high2 & yet su* 0 ! =ce ( ! waves1 t ! sea broke q ov] !m4 ,!y exhibit$ = a few mom5ts a view v pleas+ to ! eye2 b a s5se ( dang] soon fill$ ! m9d ) horror2 = _h ! %ip /ruck aga9/ ! wea!r-side ( "o ( ^! isl&s1 :5 ! sea ran high1 %e mu/ 9 an in/ant h be5 da%$ to pieces4 ,! r\te to ! s\?w>d 0 aft]w>d imp$$ by an imm5se field ( l[ ice1 ! t]m9ation ( :i* c\ld n be se51 ei!r to ! ea/1 we/ or s\?4 ,9 diff]5t p>ts ( ?is field 7 isl&s1 or hills ( ice1 l ^? :i* _h be=e be5 f\nd float+ 9 ! sea4 ,at l5g? ^! ice-isl&s became z famili> to ^? on bo>d z ! cl\ds & ! sea4 ,:5ev] a /rong reflection ( :ite 0 se5 on ! skirts ( ! sky1 ne> ! horizon1 !n ice 0 sure to be enc\nt]$2 not)/&+ :i*1 t sub/ance itself 0 n entirely :ite1 b (t5 t+$1 especially ne> ! surface ( ! sea1 ) a mo/ beautiful sapphir9e1 or r b]yll9e blue1 evid5tly reflect$ f ! wat]4 ,?is blue color sometimes appe>$ tw5ty or ?irty feet above ! surface1 & 0 probably produc$ by p>ticles ( sea-wat] :i* _h be5 da%$ aga9/ ! mass 9 tempe/u\s wea!r1 & _h p5etrat$ into its int]/ices4 ,9 ! ev5+1 ! sun sett+ j beh9d "o ( ^! masses1 t+$ its edges ) gold1 & reflect$ on ! entire mass a beautiful suffusion ( purple4 ,9 ! l>g] masses1 7 frequ5tly obs]v$ %ades or ca/s ( :ite1 ly+ above ea* o!r 9 /rata1 sometimes ( six in*es1 & at o!r times ( a foot 9 hight4 ,?is appe>ance seem$ to confirm ! op9ion ent]ta9$ relative to ! increase & accumulation ( su* huge masses ( ice1 by heavy falls ( sn[ at diff]5t int]vals2 = sn[ be+ ( v>i\s k9ds1 small-gra9$1 l>ge-gra9$1 9 light fea!ry locks1 c41 ! v>i\s degrees ( its compactness may acc\nt = ! diff]5t colors ( ! /rata4 ,9 8 ?ird attempt to proce$ s\?w>d1 9 ,janu>y1 #aggd1 ,capt4 ,cook 0 l$1 by ! milde/ sun%9e :i* 01 p]haps1 ev] exp]i5c$ 9 ! frigid zone1 to ent]ta9 hopes ( p5etrat+ z f> t[>d ! s\? pole z o!r navigators h done t[>d ! nor? pole2 b on ! tw5ty-six? ( t mon?1 at f\r 9 ! morn+1 8 (fic]s discov]$ a solid ice-field ( imm5se ext5t be=e !m1 be>+ f ea/ to we/4 ,a b$ ( fragm5ts float$ ar\nd ?is field1 :i* 0 rais$ sev]al feet above ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,:ile 9 ?is situation1 ! s\!rn "p ( ! horizon 0 illum9at$ by ! rays ( light reflect$ f ! ice1 to a consid]able hight4 ,n9ety-sev5 ice-isl&s 7 di/9ctly se5 )9 ! field1 besides ^? on ! outside2 _m ( !m v l>ge1 & look+ l a ridge ( m\nta9s1 ris+ "o above ! o!r until !y 7 lo/ 9 ! cl\ds4 ,! mo/ elevat$ & mo/ ragg$ ( ^! ice-isl&s1 7 surm\nt$ by peaks1 & 7 f two to ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight1 ) p]p5dicul> cliffs or sides a/oni%+ to behold4 ,! l>ge/ ( !m t]m9at$ 9 a peak n unlike ! cupola ( ,/4 ,paul's4 ,! out]1 or nor!rn edge ( ?is imm5se field ( ice1 0 compos$ ( loose or brok5 ice1 closely pack$ toge!r1 s t x 0 n possible to f9d any entrance4 ,su* m\nta9s ( ice1 ,capta9 ,cook 0 p]suad$1 7 nev] se5 9 ! ,gre5l& seas1 s t no comp>ison c\ld be drawn2 & x 0 ! op9ion ( mo/ ( ! p]sons on bo>d1 t ?is ice ext5d$ q to ! pole1 f :i* !y 7 !n less ?an n9ete5 degrees2 or1 p]haps1 t x 0 jo9$ to "s l& to :i* x _h be5 fix$ f ! e>lie/ "t4 ,our navigator 0 ( op9ion t x is to ! s\? ( ?is p>allel t all ! ice is =m$ :i* is f\nd scatt]$ up & d[n to ! nor?w>d1 & aft]w>d brok5 (f by gales ( w9d1 or o!r causes1 & br\ght =w>d by ! curr5ts :i* are always f\nd to set 9 t direction 9 high latitudes4 8,%\ld !re10 he obs]ves1 8be l& to ! s\? beh9d ?is ice1 x c af=d no bett] retreat = birds1 or any o!r animals1 ?an ! ice itself1 ) :i* x mu/ be :olly cov]$4 ,i1 :o 0 ambiti\s1 n only to g fur!r ?an any "o _h be5 be=e1 b z f> z x 0 possible = man to g1 0 n sorry at meet+ ) ?is int]ruption2 z x 9 "s measure reliev$ u1 or at lea/ %ort5$ ! dang]s & h>d%ips insep>able f ! navigation ( ! s\!rn pol> regions40 ,! approximation ( sev]al fields ( ice ( diff]5t magnitudes1 produces a v s+ul> ph5om5on4 ,! small] ( ^! masses are =c$ out ( ! wat]1 & ?r[n on ! l>g] ones1 until at l5g? an aggregate is =m$ ( a trem5d\s hight4 ,^! accumulat$ bodies ( ice float 9 ! sea l s _m rugg$ m\nta9s1 & are cont9ually increas$ 9 hight by ! freez+ ( ! spray ( ! sea1 & ! melt+ & !n freez+ ( ! sn[ :i* falls on !m4 ,:ile _! gr[? is ?us augm5t$1 ! small] fields1 ( a less elevation1 are ! mead[s ( ! seals1 on :i* ^! animals at times frolic by hundr$s4 ,! collision ( great fields ( ice1 9 high latitudes1 is (t5 att5d$ by a noise1 :i*1 = a "t1 takes away ! s5se ( he>+ any?+ beside2 & t ( ! small] fields1 ) a gr9d+ ( unspeakable horror4 ,! wat] :i* da%es aga9/ ! m\nta9\s ice1 freezes into an inf9ite v>iety ( =ms1 & pres5ts to ! admir+ view ( ! voyag] ideal t[ns1 /reets1 *ur*es1 /eeples1 & almo/ e =m :i* imag9ation c picture to itself4 ,aft] su* notices ( ! ice-isl&s f ! e>li] voyag]s1 x may be int]e/+ to "k h[ !y h appe>$ to lat] behold]s2 & ?is may be se5 9 ! foll[+ acc\nt f ! j\rnal ( a seaman :o 0 9 ! well kn[n 8,arctic ,exp$ition10 9 #ahej-ea4 ,"u ! date ( ! ?irtie? ( ,june1 #ahej1 he writes3 8,moor$ to an iceb]g2 wea!r calm2 sky cl\dless1 & #8beautifully blue2' surr\nd$ by a va/ numb] ( /up5d\s b]gs1 glitt]+ & gli/5+ b5ea? ! refulg5t rays ( a midday sun4 ,a great portion ( ! crew _h gone on %ore to ga!r ! eggs ( ! wild sea-birds t frequ5t ! lonely ice-b\nd precipices ( ,baff9's bay1 :ile ^? on bo>d _h retir$ to re/1 we>i$ ) ! h>ass+ toils ( ! prec$+ day4 ,to me1 walk+ ! deck & alone1 all nature seem$ hu%$ 9 univ]sal repose4 ,:il/ ?us contemplat+ ! /illness ( ! monoton\s sc5e ar\nd me1 ,i obs]v$ 9 ! (f+ a l>ge iceb]g1 completely p]=at$1 exhibit+ 9 ! di/ance an ar*1 or tunnel1 app>5tly s uni=m 9 its con=mation1 t ,i 0 induc$ to call two ( ! seam5 to look at x1 at ! same "t tell+ !m1 t ,i _h nev] read or he>d ( any ( our arctic voyag]s pass+ ?r\gh "o ( ^! ar*es1 s frequ5tly se5 ?r\gh l>ge b]gs1 & t !re w\ld be a novelty 9 do+ s2 & if !y *ose to accompany me1 ,i w\ld get p]mission to take ! small boat1 & endeavor to accompli% ! unprec$5t$ feat4 8,!y readily agre$1 & away we w5t4 ,on ne>+ ! ar*1 & asc]ta9+ t !re 0 a suffici5cy ( wat] = ! boat to pass ?r\gh1 we r[$ sl[ly & sil5tly "u1 :5 !re bur/ ^u our view "o ( ! mo/ magnific5t specim5s ( nature's h&iwork ev] exhibit$ to mortal eyes2 ! sublimity & gr&eur ( :i* no language c describe1 no imag9ation conceive4 ,fancy an imm5se ar* ( eighty feet span1 fifty feet high1 & upw>d ( "o hundr$ feet 9 bread?1 z correct 9 its con=mation z if x _h be5 con/ruct$ by ! mo/ sci5tific arti/1 =m$ ( solid ice1 ( a beautiful em]ald gre51 its :ole expanse ( surface smoo!r ?an ! mo/ poli%$ alaba/]1 & y may =m "s slight conception ( ! ar*itectural beauties ( ?is icy temple1 ! wond]ful workman%ip ( "t & ! elem5ts4 ,:5 we _h got ab\t half-way ?r\gh ! mighty /ructure1 on look+ upw>d1 ,i obs]v$ t ! b]g 0 r5t ! :ole bread? ( ! ar*1 & 9 a p]p5dicul> direction to its summit1 %[+ two v]tical sections ( irregul> surfaces1 #8d>kly1 deeply1 beautifully blue1' "h & !re illum9at$ by an arctic sun1 :i* d>t$ its gold5 rays betwe51 pres5t+ to ! eye a picture ( e!real gr&eur1 :i* no poet c\ld describe1 no pa9t] portray4 ,i 0 s enraptur$ ) ! sight1 t = a mom5t ,i fanci$ ! #8blue vault ( heav5' _h op5$1 & t ,i actually gaz$ ^u ! cele/ial spl5dor ( a _w beyond ?is4 ,b1 alas6 9 an in/ant ! sc5e *ang$1 & ,i awoke z x 7 f a delightful dream1 to exp]i5ce all ! horrors ( a t]rible reality4 ,i obs]v$ ! fracture rapidly close1 !n aga9 sl[ly op54 ,?is /up5d\s mass ( ice1 millions ( tuns 9 weight1 0 afloat1 consequ5tly 9 motion1 & app>5tly ab\t to lose its equilibrium1 capsize1 or bur/ into fragm5ts4 8,our position 0 truly awful4 ,my feel+s at ! mom5t may be conceiv$1 b c n be describ$4 ,i look$ d[nw>d & ar\nd me2 ! sight 0 equally appall+2 ! v sea seem$ agitat$4 ,i at la/ %ut my eyes f a sc5e s t]rible1 ! m5 at ! o>s1 z if by in/9ct1 #8gave way1' & our little craft swiftly glid$ f b5ea? ! gigantic mass4 ,we !n r[$ r\nd ! b]g1 keep+ at a respectful di/ance f x1 9 ord] to judge ( its magnitude4 ,i suppos$ x to be ab\t a mile 9 circumf]5ce1 & its highe/ p9nacle two hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,?us end$ an excursion1 ! b>e recollection ( :i*1 at ?is mom5t1 awak5s 9 me a %udd]2 nev]!less1 ,i w\ld n h lo/ ! opportunity ( witness+ a sc5e s awfully sublime1 s tragically gr&1 = ?\s&s ( p\nds1 b ,i w\ld n aga9 run su* a risk = a _w4 ,we pass$ ?r\gh ! b]g ab\t two ,p4 ,m41 & at t5 o'clock ! same night1 x bur/1 agitat+ ! sea = miles ar\nd4 ,i may also obs]ve1 t ! two m5 :o 7 ) me 9 ! boat1 did n obs]ve t ! b]g 0 r5t until ,i told !m1 aft] we 7 out ( dang]1 we hav+ agre$1 previ\sly to ent]+ ! ar*1 n to speak a ^w to ea* o!r1 le/ e*o itself %\ld di/urb ! fragile mass40 ,z fur!r describ+ ! appe>ances ( iceb]gs1 we give ! foll[+ n>rative by ,mr4 ,abbott1 :o himself 0 a witness ( ! spl5did sc5]y he s graphically describes4 ,he says3 8,! trip ( ! ,baltic1 9 ,m>*1 #ahed1 is likely to be some:at memorable4 ,we left ,s&y ,hook1 on ,sunday morn+1 ! fif?1 & _h a propiti\s & rapid run1 until ,friday ! t5?1 ab\t ?ree o'clock4 ,:5 9 latitude =ty-six degrees & longitude =ty-eight degrees1 our att5tion 0 arre/$ by "s small pieces ( brok5 ice1 float+ 9 e direction ar\nd u4 ,! wea!r 0 ?ick & hazy1 s t we c\ld n[h]e see ! horizon4 ,9 ! c\rse ( an h\r or two1 ! fog p>tly disappe>$1 & we f\nd ourselves ne>ly half-surr\nd$ by an imm5se field ( drift-ice1 & l>ge numb]s ( iceb]gs1 ext5d+ f nor?-ea/ by s\? to s\?-we/4 8,our spe$ 0 imm$iately slack5$1 & ! c\rse ( ! %ip *ang$ to ! nor?w>d & we/w>d4 ,x soon appe>$ t we 7 completely hemm$ 9 on e side1 by imm5se fields ( float+ drift1 sometimes 9 loose & brok5 masses1 sometimes 9 a compact & immovable jam1 & ev]y:]e /udd$ ) va/ & t[]+ iceb]gs1 ( almo/ e conceivable =m & size4 8,! fog gradually lift$1 n[ 9 "o direction1 & n[ 9 ano!r1 j suffici5t to discov] to u1 t we 7 fairly surr\nd$1 & t1 to :atev] po9t ( ! compass we c\ld turn ! eye or ! %ip1 int]m9able masses ( drift-ice1 ( uplift1 & iceb]gs1 seem$ to cov] ! sea4 ,s sudd5 & unexpect$ 0 ?is discov]y1 t x seem$ m l fairy "w ?an reality4 ,surprise & a/oni%m5t1 at ! novel & wond]ful sc5e ar\nd u1 seem$ at fir/ to make u all unconsci\s ( our own critical situation4 ,sep>at+ f x ! idea ( dang]1 x w\ld be difficult to imag9e a sc5e comb9+ & bl5d+ m ( ! elem5ts ( beauty1 gr&eur & sublimity4 ,f> z ! eye c\ld rea*1 x 0 no long] sea & sky1 b ice1 ice1 ice1 float+ l an ar*ipelago ( a ?\s& isles1 great & small1 ( highl& & l[l&1 m\nta91 p59sula1 promontory1 & ,gibralt> rock4 8,runn+ 9 c\ntless directions ?r\gh ^! masses1 ! ocean waves appe>$ 9 n>r[ b d\bly d>k curr5ts1 =m+ ! mo/ crook$ & irregul> passages1 ( rivulet & riv]1 & endless ind5tations ( inlet & bay4 ,?r\gh ^! labyr9?9e passages1 p]petually op5+ & clos+ by ! action ( w9ds & waves1 our escape 0 to be made4 ,once1 9 attempt+ to =ce a passage ?r\gh a long b n>r[ neck ( brok5 blocks ( ice1 :i* _h drift$ across our way1 ! cutwat]1 b[s & :eels ( ! %ip1 7 pretty s]i\sly batt]$4 8,all night long ! %ip 0 kept runn+ sl[ly1 ?read+ h] way ?r\gh ^! little passages ( cle> wat]1 until f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+1 :5 %e 0 s press$ on e side1 ) %eets ( ice1 cr[d$ & pack$ f> above ! surface ( ! wat]1 & urg$ on by ! mom5tum ( va/ masses ( iceb]g1 t prud5ce requir$ to /op ! eng9e & wait = daylight4 ,! morn+ br\ght little *e]+ prospect4 ,! man at ma/-head report$ no cle> wat]1 z f> z ! eye c\ld rea*1 except+ 9 n>r[ & sc>cely navigable pat*es & ve9s4 ,! surface ( ! sea all ar\nd ! horizon1 seem$ an almo/ unbrok5 pla9 ( field & m\nta9 ice4 ,z e>ly z light all[$1 ! %ip 0 aga9 "u way = ! l>ge/ space ( cle> wat] t c\ld be se51 & cont9u$ all day long to retrace h] pa? to ! we/w>d1 ve]+ h] c\rse1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh e po9t ( ! compass1 to f9d ! intricate passages t[>d ! op5 sea4 ,! w9d1 fre% f ! nor?-we/1 came ) int5se & pi]c+ cold4 ,! man at ! ma/-head c\ld n /& its sev]ity m ?an half an h\r4 ,! ma/s1 %r\ds & cordage ( ! %ip1 7 completely incru/$1 & altoge!r :at ) field-ice1 drift1 & iceb]gs1 sn[1 ra9 & hail1 gale & /orm1 ^! days 9 ! ice w n soon be =gott54 8,! diff]5t aspects ( ^! sc5es by day & night furni%$ an incessant s\rce ( int]e/4 ,! va/ fields ( drift1 9 _! v>i$ =ms1 by daylight & by moonlight1 7 picturesque & beautiful 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,!y rang$ 9 ext5t f a qu>t] ( a mile1 to p]haps t5 miles squ>e4 ,9 "s cases1 ! entire field seem$ to be compos$ ( small brok5 fragm5ts1 float+ 9 close proximity to ea* o!r1 yet yield+ readily to ! play ( ! waves1 ris+ & fall+ ) ! swell ( ! sea4 ,! sup]9cumb5t weight ^u ! surface ( ! wat]1 dim9i%$ ! elevation ( ! waves1 b ! reflect$ light f its unev5 silv] surface1 reveal$ f> m di/9ctly & beautifully1 ! ext5t ( motion & ! action ( ! waves4 ,! long swells ( ! sea /ret*$ away 9 graceful curves = miles1 resembl+ m ?an any?+ else ,i c sugge/1 "s ( ! roll+ prairies ( ! we/1 z !y mu/ appe> 9 sn[1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! swells seem$ #8all alive1' z if "s mighty mon/]s ( ! deep 7 work+ _! way b5ea?1 p]petually %ift+ _! position1 & va9ly endeavor+ to lift ! load t cov]s !m1 to f9d a brea?+ 9 ! op5 air4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 ^! va/ fields1 /ret*+ z f> z ! eye c\ld rea* ov] half ! visible horizon1 7 "o compact & app>5tly motionless mass ( solid ice1 z fix$ z a #8rock-b\nd coa/4' 8,ano!r =m ( peculi> int]e/ 0 t ( a wide field1 ( _m miles 9 ext5t1 app>5tly =m$ by a long succession ( #8uplifts4' ,! action ( ! waves _h gradually =c$ l>ge blocks ( ice b5ea? "o edge1 & ! long cont9uation ( ?is process1 _h lift$ z x w\ld seem1 almo/ ! entire mass1 _m feet out ( wat]4 ,! out] edge ( ^! uplifts pres5t$ an abrupt & p]p5dicul> wall4 ,9 "o case1 at night1 ! capta9 e/imat$ t he _h sail$ = t5 miles1 along su* a wall1 ! hight ( ! :eel-h\se1 ab\t =ty feet4 ,a v beautiful effect 0 once produc$ by a small mass ( ?is k9d4 ,x 0 sev]al miles di/ant1 & ( v consid]able l5g?4 ,z x roll$ & pit*$1 "o side1 app>5tly fifte5 or tw5ty feet high1 dipp$ 9 ! waves1 & ris+ aga91 lift$ an imm5se volume ( wat]1 :i* !n ran (f1 9 a beautiful & magnific5t torr5t1 ov] ! ris+ edge4 ,i wat*$ ) my glass = an h\r1 ! graceful evolutions ( ?is int]e/+ cat>act1 :i* is probably /ill p]=m+1 by its regul> rise & fall1 a v respectable1 b int]mitt5t ,niag>a1 9 ! middle ( ! ,atlantic1 ) all ! regul>ity ( a p5dulum4 8,! iceb]gs1 !mselves1 :i* we saw1 7 v num]\s1 & ( almo/ e conceivable =m & size4 ,dur+ our passage ?r\gh ?ree hundr$ miles1 ! numb] we obs]v$ 0 v>i\sly e/imat$ f five hundr$ to "o ?\s&4 ,i c\nt$ at "o "t ?irty-six1 & at ano!r =ty-five1 all ( notable magnitude4 ,!y sometimes 7 ( mo/ curi\s & fanta/ic %apes4 ,hill & m\nta9 ( e imag9able outl9e1 ca/le & t[]1 turret1 & out-jutt+ & ov]hang+ crags1 magnific5t ne$le =ms %oot+ to ! sky1 l ! spire ( ,tr9ity1 cr\*+ lions1 & pol> be>s1 trees ( ice1 & natural bridges1 9 %ort1 y c sc>cely fancy any?+ odd1 t sn[ & ice c be made to resemble1 t _h n its type ar\nd u4 8,b1 p]haps1 ! mo/ wond]ful ( all1 0 ! great #8plung+ iceb]g4' ,x 0 a r\nd1 oblong mass ( ice1 e/imat$ by c>eful comp>ison ) our :eel-h\se1 to be fifty by sev5ty-five feet4 ,a side view made x appe> ab\t z l>ge z ! front ( a l>ge1 d\ble1 f\r /ory dwell+4 ,b x 0 z true & p]fect an oval1 z ! mo/ exquisitely beautiful bald head y h ev] se54 ,x look$ exactly l ! upp] "p ( a head ( "s gigantic be+4 ,?is1 z x float$ pa/ u1 gradually desc5d$ 9 ! waves1 until x sunk b5ea? ! surface4 ,x !n rose ) a mo/ maje/ic movem5t1 lift+ ! pure :ite cr[n1 to ! hight ( fifty feet4 ,x pres5t$ on ! :ole1 "o ( ! gr&e/ sights ,i ev] beheld4 ,x cont9u$ ?us s9k+ & ris+ till x 0 out ( our sight4 ,x seem$ l a creature ( life1 pay+ its respects to our noble %ip40 ,,iceb]gs4 ,analog\s to ! ice-fields describ$ above1 are ^? l>ge bodies ( ice1 p]haps m prop]ly nam$ iceb]gs1 :i* fill ! valleys betwe5 ! high m\nta9s 9 nor!rn latitudes4 ,among ! mo/ rem>kable1 are ^? ( ! ea/ coa/ ( ,spitzb]g54 ,!y are sev5 9 numb]1 & lie at consid]able di/ances f ea* o!r1 ext5d+ ?r\gh tracts unkn[n1 9 a region totally inaccessible 9 ! int]nal p>ts4 ,! mo/ di/ant ( !m exhibits ov] ! sea a front ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight1 emulat+ ! color ( ! em]ald2 cat>acts ( melt$ sn[ fall d[n 9 v>i\s p>ts2 & black1 spiral m\nta9s1 /reak$ ) :ite1 b\nd ! sides1 ris+ crag above crag1 z f> z ! eye c rea* 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,at times imm5se fragm5ts break (f1 & precipitate !mselves into ! wat] ) a mo/ al>m+ da%+4 ,a portion ( ?is vivid gre5 sub/ance 0 se5 by ,"l ,mulgrave1 9 ! voyage above ref]r$ to1 to fall into ! sea2 &1 not)/&+ x gr\nd$ 9 tw5ty-f\r fa?oms ( wat]1 x spir$ above ! surface fifty feet4 ,simil> iceb]gs are frequ5t 9 all ! arctic regions2 & to _! fall is ow+ ! solid m\nta9\s ice :i* infe/s ^? seas4 ,! fro/ sports wond]fully ) ^! iceb]gs1 & gives !m maje/ic1 z well z o!r mo/ s+ul> =ms4 ,masses h be5 se5 to assume ! %ape ( a ,go?ic *ur*1 ) ar*es1 w9d[s & doors1 & all ! ri* drap]y ( t /yle ( ar*itecture1 compos$ ( :at ! writ] ( an ,arabian tale w\ld sc>cely h v5tur$ to introduce among ! m>vel\s sugge/ions ( 8 fancy1 cry/als ( ! ri*e/ sapphir9e blue4 ,tables ) "o or m feet2 & (t5 imm5se flat-ro($ temples1 l ^? ( ,luxor1 on ! bank ( ! ,nile1 support$ by r\nd transp>5t columns ( c]ulean hue1 float by ! a/oni%$ spectator4 ,^! iceb]gs are ! creation ( ages1 & acquire annually additional hight by falls ( sn[ & ra91 :i* latt] (t5 freezes in/antly1 & m ?an repairs ! loss occasion$ by ! influ5ce ( ! sun's heat4 ,,lum9\s ,,po9ts ,,9 ,,! ,,sea4 ,among ! ph5om5a :i* h long ex]cis$ ! sagacity ( philosoph]s1 t ( ! lum9\s appe>ance ( ! surface ( ! sea1 dur+ ! obscurity ( ! night1 is highly curi\s4 ,a v>iety ( exp]im5ts 7 made by a ,fr5* naturali/ at ,cay5ne1 at diff]5t seasons1 to asc]ta9 its true cause2 & to him x appe>$ t ^! lum9\s po9ts 7 produc$ by motion & friction alone1 z he c\ld n1 ) ! help ( ! be/ glasses1 p]ceive any insects float+ 9 ! wat]4 ,b x w\ld seem1 f ! exp]im5ts & obs]vations ( _m le>n$ m51 t ?is ph5om5on is produc$ by v>i\s causes1 bo? jo9tly & sep>ately4 ,x has be5 prov$ by "o set ( exp]im5ts1 t ! putrefaction ( animal sub/ances produces light & sc9tillation 9 ! sea4 ,a little :ite fi% plac$ 9 seawat] r5d]$ x lum9\s 9 ! space ( tw5ty-eight h\rs4 ,on ano!r h&1 x is c]ta9 t !re is 9 ! sea a prodigi\s quantity ( %9+ insects or animalcules1 :i* contribute to ?is ph5om5on4 ,a ,fr5* a/ronom]1 ,m4 ,dangelet1 :o return$ f ,t]ra ,au/ralis 9 #aggd1 br\ght ) him sev]al k9ds ( worms :i* %9e 9 wat]1 :5 x is set 9 motion2 & ,m4 ,rigaud affirms1 t ! lum9\s surface ( ! sea1 f ,bre/ to ! ,antilles1 conta9s a great quantity ( little1 r\nd1 %9+ polypi1 ( ab\t a qu>t] ( a l9e 9 diamet]4 ,o!r le>n$ m51 :o ackn[l$ge ! exi/5ce ( ^! lum9\s animals1 c n1 h[ev]1 be p]suad$ to consid] !m z ! cause ( all t light & sc9tillation :i* appe> on ! surface ( ! ocean4 ,!y imag9e t "s sub/ance ( a phosphoric nature1 aris+ f putrefaction1 mu/ be admitt$ z "o ( ! causes ( ?is ph5om5on4 ,by o!r naturali/s x has be5 ascrib$ to ! oily & greasy sub/ances ) :i* ! sea is impregnat$2 9 pro( ( :i* a k9d ( fi%1 resembl+ ! tunny1 is cit$1 z be+ provid$ ) an oil :i* %9es ) consid]able lu/]4 ,! ,abbe ,noll5t 0 conv9c$1 by a s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 t ?is ph5om5on is caus$ by small animals1 ei!r by _! lum9\s aspect1 or by "s liquor or effluvium :i* !y emit4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 exclude o!r causes2 & among ^!1 ! spawn or fry ( fi%es is des]v+ ( att5tion4 ,m4 ,dangelet1 9 sail+ into ! bay ( ,antongil1 9 ! isl& ( ,madagasc>1 obs]v$ a prodigi\s quantity ( fry1 :i* cov]$ ! surface ( ! sea = ! ext5t ( m ?an a mile1 & :i* he at fir/1 on acc\nt ( its color1 mi/ook = a bank ( s&4 ,?is imm5se accumulation ( spawn or fry exhal$ a disagreeable odor2 & x %\ld be rem>k$ t ! sea _h1 = "s days be=e1 appe>$ ) uncommon spl5dor4 ,! same accurate obs]v]1 p]ceiv+ ! sea rem>kably lum9\s 9 ! road ( ! cape ( ,good ,hope1 dur+ a p]fect calm1 rem>k$ t ! o>s ( ! canoes produc$ a :iti% & pe>ly k9d ( lu/]3 :5 he took 9 8 h& ! wat]1 :i* conta9$ phosphorus1 he disc]n$ 9 x1 = "s m9utes1 globules ( light z l>ge z ! heads ( p9s4 ,on press+ ^! globules1 !y appe>$ to 8 t\* l a s(t & ?9 pulp2 & "s days aft] ! sea 0 cov]$ ) entire banks ( small fi%es1 9 innum]able multitudes4 ,f all ^! facts x may be d$uc$1 t v>i\s causes contribute to ! light & sc9tillation ( ! sea2 & t ! light :i* ! ,cay5ne naturali/ attribut$ to agitation & friction1 diff]s f t :i* is ext5d$ f> & ne>1 seem+ to cov] ! :ole surface ( ! ocean1 & produc+ a v beautiful & /rik+ appe>ance1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! torrid zone1 & 9 ! summ] season4 ,,tides ,,& ,,curr5ts4 ,alt]nate tides 9 sacr$ ord] run4--,,blackmore4 ,among ! mo/ wond]ful ph5om5a ( nature may be reckon$ ! tides ( ! sea4 ,!y 7 b little und]/ood by ! anci5ts1 al?\gh ,pl9y1 ,ptolemy & ,macrobius1 7 ( op9ion t !y 7 influ5c$ by ! sun & moon4 ,! =m] expressly says1 t ! cause ( ! ebb & fl[ is 9 ! sun1 :i* attracts ! wat]s ( ! ocean2 & he adds1 t ! wat]s rise 9 proportion to ! proximity ( ! moon to ! e>?4 ,! ph5om5a ( ! tides h be5 ascrib$ to ! pr9ciple ( innate gravitation2 b ,sir ,ri*>d ,phillips1 9 8 !ory ( ! sy/em ( ! univ]se1 ref]s !m to t g5]al law ( motion :i* he consid]s z ! prim>y & proximate cause ( all ph5om5a1 op]at+1 9 a desc5d+ s]ies1 f ! rotation ( ! sun r\nd ! fulcrum ( ! sol> sy/em1 to ! fall ( an apple to ! e>?4 ,?is motion be+ transf]r$ ?r\gh all nature f its s\rce1 s]ves z ! effici5t cause ( e species ( vitality1 ( e organic arrangem5t1 & ( all ^? accid5ts ( body h]et(ore ascrib$ to attraction4 ,! wat]s ( ! ocean are obs]v$ to fl[ & rise twice a day1 9 :i* motion1 or flux1 :i* 9 ! same direction la/s ne>ly six h\rs1 ! sea gradually swells1 &1 ent]+ ! m\?s ( riv]s1 drives back ! riv]-wat]s t[>d _! head4 ,aft] a cont9u$ flux ( six h\rs1 x seems to repose = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 & !n beg9s to ebb1 or retire back1 = six h\rs m2 9 :i* "t1 by ! subsid5ce ( ! wat]s1 ! riv]s resume _! usual c\rse4 ,aft] a qu>t] ( an h\r1 ! sea aga9 fl[s & rises z be=e4 ,accord+ to ! !ory ( ,newton1 ^! ph5om5a 7 suppos$ to be produc$ by an imag9>y p[] call$ attraction4 ,! moon 0 suppos$ to attract ! wat]s by ! influ5ce ( an occult p[] inh]5t 9 all matt]2 j z ! e>? 0 suppos$ to attract ! moon1 ! moon ! e>?1 & ! planets "o ano!r4 ,o!rs1 aga91 ridicule ?is idea1 z unsu/a9$ & vision>y1 giv+ 9 _! turn "s !ory t has no bett] argum5t to su/a9 x4 ,& x is probable ! "t is yet future :5 we %all h any !ory t w fully acc\nt = all ! ph5om5a ( ! tides4 ,on acc\nt ( ! %all[ness ( "s seas1 & ! n>r[ness ( ! /raits 9 o!rs1 !re arises a great div]sity 9 ! ph5om5a1 only to be acc\nt$ = by an exact k ( ! place4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! ,engli% *annel & ! ,g]man ocean1 ! tide is f\nd to fl[ /ronge/ 9 ^? places t are n>r[e/1 ! same quantity ( wat] be+1 9 ?is case1 driv5 ?r\gh a small] passage4 ,x is (t5 se51 !re=e1 ru%+ ?r\gh a /rait ) great =ce1 & consid]ably rais$1 by its rapidity1 above t "p ( ! ocean ?r\gh :i* x runs4 ,! %all[ness & n>r[ness ( _m p>ts ( ! sea1 give rise also to a peculi>ity 9 ! tides ( "s p>ts ( ! _w3 = 9 _m places1 9 ! ,briti% seas 9 p>ticul>1 ! greate/ swell ( ! tide is n :ile ! moon is 9 its m]idian hight1 & directly ov] ! place1 b "s "t aft] x has decl9$ !nce4 ,! sea1 9 ?is case1 be+ ob/ruct$1 pursues ! moon ) :at dispat* x c1 b does n arrive ) all its wat]s1 until aft] ! moon has ceas$ to op]ate4 ,la/ly1 f ?is %all[ness ( ! sea1 & f its be+ ob/ruct$ by %oals & /raits1 x happ5s t ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! ,baltic & ! ,black sea1 h n any s5sible tides1 to raise or depress !m 9 a consid]able degree4 ,among ! ph5om5a ( ! tides1 "o ( ! mo/ s+ul> is ! bore1 peculi> to sev]al riv]s3 x is ascrib$ to ! wat]s1 :i* 7 be=e expansive1 be+ sudd5ly p5t up1 & conf9$ )9 a n>r[ space4 ,?is bore or impetu\s ru% ( wat]s1 accompanies ! fir/ fl[+ ( ! tide 9 ! ,f]ret1 9 ,som]set%ire1 & 9 ! ,se9e1 9 ,france4 ,x is also "o ( ! peculi>ities ( ! ,sev]n1 ! mo/ rapid riv] 9 ,engl&4 ,"o ( ! greate/ kn[n tides is t ( ! ,bri/ol *annel1 :i* sometimes fl[s upw>d ( =ty feet4 ,at ! m\? ( ! riv] ,indus1 ! wat] rises ?irty feet4 ,! tides also are rem>kably high on ! coa/s ( ,malay1 9 ! /raits ( ,sunda1 9 ! ,r$ sea1 at ! m\? ( ! riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 along ! coa/s ( ,*9a & ,japan1 at ,panama1 & 9 ! gulf ( ,b5gal4 ,! mo/ rem>kable tides1 h[ev]1 are ^? at ,bat%a1 9 ! k+dom ( ,tonqu91 9 tw5ty degrees1 fifty m9utes1 nor? latitude4 ,9 t port1 ! sea ebbs & fl[s once only 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 :ile 9 all o!r places !re are two tides )9 t space4 ,:at is /ill m extraord9>y1 twice 9 ea* mon?1 :5 ! moon is ne> ! equ9octial1 !re is n any tide1 ! wat] be+ = "s "t q /agnant4 ,^!1 ) o!r anomalies ( ! tides !re1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 ) peculi> sagacity1 asc]ta9$ to arise f ! concurr5ce ( two tides1 "o f ! ,s\? sea1 & ! o!r f ! ,indian ocean4 ,( ea* ( ^! two tides !re come successively two e day2 two at "o "t great]1 & two at ano!r :i* are less4 ,! "t betwe5 ! arrival ( ! two great] 0 consid]$ by him z high tide2 t betwe5 ! two less1 z ebb4 ,9 %ort1 ) ^! simple facts 9 8 possession1 t great ma!matician solv$ e appe>ance1 & s e/abli%$ 8 !ory z to sil5ce e oppos]4 ,besides ! common & p]iodical tides1 a v>iety ( local curr5ts are met ) 9 diff]5t seas1 on diff]5t p>ts ( ! ocean1 & = ! great] "p at an inconsid]able di/ance f l&4 ,!y h be5 usually ascrib$ to p>ticul> w9ds2 b _! orig9 is n easy to trace1 z !y h be5 occasionally f\nd b5ea? ! surface ( ! wat]1 runn+ 9 a contr>y direction to ! /ratum above1 & c n1 !re=e1 h be5 ow+ to w9ds or monsoons4 ,^! p>ticul> curr5ts h be5 ascrib$ to ! imm5se masses ( pol> ice1 :i* produce a great] degree ( cold 9 ! "u ?an 9 ! upp] /ratum ( wat]s2 & x has be5 suspect$ t !re is an "u-curr5t ( cold wat] fl[+ p]petually f ! poles t[>d ! equator1 ev5 :]e ! wat] above fl[s t[>d ! poles4 ,! great disp>ity ( temp]ature :i* is frequ5tly f\nd 9 deep & sup]ficial s\nd+s ( ! same space ( wat]1 is ?us acc\nt$ =4 ,! mo/ extraord9>y curr5t ( ?is k9d1 is t ( ! gulf ( ,florida1 usually call$ ! ,gulf /ream1 :i* sets along ! coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica to ! nor?w>d & ea/w>d1 & fl[s ) an un9t]rupt$ rapidity4 ,x is ascrib$ to ! trade-w9ds1 :i*1 bl[+ f ! ea/]n qu>t] into ! great ,mexican gulf1 cause !re an accumulation above ! common level ( ! sea4 ,! wat]1 !re=e1 con/antly runs out by ! *annel :]e x f9ds lea/ resi/ance1 t is1 ?r\gh ! gulf ( ,florida1 ) su* =ce z to cont9ue a di/9ct /ream to a v great di/ance4 ,a pro( ( its hav+ ?us orig9at$ is1 t ! wat] 9 ! ,gulf /ream has be5 f\nd to h reta9$ a great portion ( ! heat x _h acquir$ 9 ! torrid zone4 ,a v s+ul> upp] curr5t (t5 prevails to ! we/w>d ( ,scilly1 & is highly dang]\s to %ips :i* approa* ! ,briti% *annel4 ,curr5ts ( ?is description are1 h[ev] m frequ5tly met ) ab\t ! /raits ( ,gibralt>1 & ne> ! ,we/ ,india isl&s1 ! coa/s ( :i* are s subject to c\nt]-tides1 or extraord9>y curr5ts1 t x is (t5 dang]\s = boats to l&4 ,!y proce$ to ! we/w>d1 along ! coa/s ( ,yucatan & ,mexico1 & runn+ r\nd into ! gulf1 return into ! great ocean by ! /raits ( ,bahama1 along ! coa/s ( ,florida1 9 ord] to pursue1 9 ! nor?1 ! c\rse orda9$ !m by ! great ,au?or ( nature4 ,9 ?is c\rse ! wat]s run ) an extraord9>y rapidity1 pass+ on1 h[ev]1 by a motion s ev5 & imp]ceptible1 t _! spe$ is n realiz$ by ! spectator4 ,b aga9/ ! %ores & coa/s ( ! v>i\s isl&s 9 _! way1 _! progress becomes v manife/1 & ev5 dang]\s1 int]rupt+ ! navigation1 & r5d]+ x h>dly possible to /em !m 9 _! c\rse4 ,9 addition to ^! regul> curr5ts1 !re are o!rs1 call$ c\nt]-tides1 :i* are obs]vable on ! sea-coa/s & %ores4 ,9 places :]e ^! fl[1 ! sea rolls & da%es 9 an extraord9>y mann]1 becom+ furi\s )\t any app>5t cause1 & )\t be+ mov$ by any w9d4 ,! waves rise & op5 v high1 break+ on ! %ore ) su* viol5ce1 t x is impossible = vessels to l&4 ,^! c\nt]-tides h be51 by "s1 ascrib$ to ! pressure ( ! heavy black w9d-cl\ds :i* are occasionally se5 to hang ov] an isl&1 or ov] ! sea :]e !y occur1 ?\gh x is f> m probable t 9 e case !y are caus$ by "u-curr5ts & hidd5 %oals1 by :i* ! ord9>y curr5ts are *eck$ & brok5 s z to cause ! effects describ$4 ,some:at simil> to ^!1 at lea/ 9 its hidd5 cause1 is ! celebrat$ ,mael/rom on ! coa/ ( ,norway1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut4 ,?is is caus$ by ! tides1 9 _! viol5t passage betwe5 ! ,l(fod5 isl&s2 & its t]rors1 ?\gh at all times great1 are sometimes greatly increas$ by ! w9ds4 ,! ro> ( ! sea1 :5 ! ,mael/rom is 9 full action1 is said to be t]rific4 ,x is /at$ t n only %ips1 b ev5 :ales1 h be5 suck$ into ?is vortex1 & kill$ by be+ da%$ aga9/ ! hidd5 rocks4 ,! foll[+ description1 ?\gh imag9>y1 gives a correct idea ( ! de/ruction ( a %ip 9 ?is :irlpool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mael/rom4 8,! breeze1 :i* _h be5 long flagg+1 n[ lull$ into a calm1 & soon a l[ cont9ual hum1 l t ( an army ( bees1 :i* seem$ to rise out ( ! /ill$ ocean1 became audible to e e>4 ,n a ^w 0 spok52 e "o held 8 brea? :il/ he li/5$ ) an int5sity ( eag]ness t betok5$ ! awe t 0 fa/ fill+ ! he>t4 #8,x is ! ,moskoe/rom6' cri$ ! boatswa94 #8,! ,moskoe/rom6' e*o$ ! crew4 #8,away1 m56' %\t$ ! mate2 #8d[n to ! hold1 br+ up ! sp>e sails1 cle> ! deck1 set up a sp> = a ma/2 away1 away6' 8,! d9 ( prep>ation dr[n$ ! /]n hum ( ! di/ant :irlpool3 !re 01 h[ev]1 an anxi\s pause :5 ! new sail 0 set into ! air2 & exp]i5c$ sailors suff]$ !mselves to be *eat$ ) ! hope t !re 0 /ill breeze en\gh to make ! good %ip answ] h] helm4 ,b1 alas6 ! heavy canvas refus$ to exp& its folds1 & n a brea? ( w9d ruffl$ ! dull surface ( ! sull5 wat]s4 ,!y _h n ano!r hope2 ! sailors look$ on "o ano!r ) blank dismay1 & n[ !y he>d1 ) awful di/9ctness1 ! ro> ( ! t]rible ,mael/rom1 & ! fr[n+ rocks ( ,l(fod5 7 b too pla9ly visible on ! "r4 ,x became evid5t to all1 t ! %ip1 borne along by ! tide1 0 fa/ draw+ ne> ! dreadful :irlpool4 ,! vessel cont9u$ sl[ly to approa*1 & ! c]ta9ty ( unavoidable dea? became e mom5t m ov]p[]+ & int5se4 ,at fir/ ! sailors /ood toge!r 9 a gr\p1 gaz+ gloomily ^u "o ano!r2 b z ! ro> ( ! :irlpool became l\d] & l\d]1 & ! conviction ( inevitable de/ruction became /rong]1 !y all disp]s$ to v>i\s p>ts ( ! %ip4 99 99 99 8,x 0 a beautiful day2 ! sun %one =? )\t a cl\d to dim 8 lu/]1 ! waves sp>kl$ b5ea? 8 influ5ce1 & ! :ite plumage ( a ?\s& busy sea-birds became m dazzl+ ) 8 rays4 ,! isle ( ,moskoe 0 close at h&1 & look$ *e]ful & invit+1 b ! %ip 0 n to approa* ne>] to its %ores2 ! /ream :i* bore h] along nev] suff]$ any vessel to pause 9 its c>e]4 ,& n[ !re arose at "s di/ance ahead ( ! vessel1 a horrible & dismal bell[+4 ,x 0 ! voice ( ! levia?an 9 8 agony2 & :5 ^? on deck :o _h /ill e>s = ext]ior s\nds look$ =w>d to asc]ta9 its cause1 !y beheld a huge black mon/] ^u ! surface ( ! sea1 /ruggl+ aga9/ ! irresi/ible /ream1 & ) 8 imm5se tail la%+ ! wat]s into foam1 z he va9ly /rove to escape f de/ruction4 ,!y beheld him borne away by ! might ( 8 furi\s enemy2 & !y he>d 8 la/ ro> above ! noise ( ! :irlpool1 z he 0 suck$ d[n into ! nev] satisfi$ abyss1 & disappe>$ f _! eyes to be torn to atoms2 = su* is ! fate ( ev]y?+ t seeks ! dep?s ( ! ,mael/rom4 8,! %ip glides along fa/] & fa/]2 %e beg9s to toss & roll uneasily 9 ! angry rapids t boil ar\nd h]2 h] race is ne>ly run4 ,t]rible6 t]rible mom5t6 ,! %ip hurries on to h] doom ) mad impetuosity4 ,%e is 9 ! rapids6 %e hurries along swift z a fla% ( fire4 ,%e is 9 ! :irl ( wat]6 r\nd1 r\nd1 r\nd %e goes2 h] inmates cat* hold ( h] bulw>ks & ( ea* o!r1 to /eady !mselves4 ,& n[ h] b[ sprit is "u ! waves1 & a wild %riek ( despair rises into ! sky6 ,! :irlpool1 ) gre$y jaws1 has suck$ h] "u40 ,! wat] ( ! :irlpool is said to be two hundr$ & fifty feet deep1 & at ebb its noise is z l\d z a cat>act4 ,9 #afde1 x 0 s viol5tly agitat$ by a /orm1 t 9 ,moskoe ! h\ses 7 s %ak5 z to cause ! /ones to fall to ! gr\nd4 ,fragm5ts ( vessels wreck$ 9 ! ,mael/rom are frequ5tly se5 on ! coa/1 br\ght up by ! return ( ! tide1 _! edges ma%$ & jagg$ z ) a saw1 :i* w\ld induce ! belief t ! bottom is compos$ ( %>p rocks4 ,simil> 9 its cause to ! ,mael/rom1 ?\gh on a mu* inf]ior scale1 is ! curr5t1 or :irlpool1 call$ ,hurlgate or ,hellgate1 betwe5 ! ,ea/ riv] & ,long ,isl& s\nd1 ne> ,new ,york4 ,9 ! n>r[ *annel "h1 ! tide fl[s backw>d & =w>d ) great =ce2 & !re be+ l>ge1 irregul> rocks 9 ?is *annel1 ! wat] is ?r[n into ! mo/ viol5t agitation4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ! place1 x is easy to see ! waves seem+ to boil z if 9 a pot4 ,?is place is dang]\s to vessels1 & _m h be5 wreck$ "h2 ?\gh ! navigation is n[ s well und]/ood1 t few] accid5ts happ5 ?an =m]ly4 ,! /eamboats g5]ally pass 9 safety1 b /ill ! sup]b ,oregon got ^u ! rocks "h1 )9 a few ye>s1 & came ne> be+ lo/4 ,betwe5 ,sicily & ! ma9 l& are ! /raits ( ,mess9a1 :]e ! curr5t is rapid4 ,anci5t m>9]s deem$ ?is a t]rible place2 "o side !y call$ ,scylla1 & ! o!r ,*>ybdis4 ,! poets depict$ ! sailor 9 ?is rapid1 z beset by horrors2 = if he escap$ ,scylla on "o side1 ,*>ybdis 0 ready to da% him 9 pieces on ! o!r4 ,?is idea has come d[n to our day1 & has ev5 pass$ into a prov]b4 ------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- --- ------------------------------------ ,,cat>acts ,,& ,,cascades ,x has (t5 be5 rem>k$ t no "o is ins5sible to ! beauty ( fl[+ wat]4 ,:5 x glides quietly on 9 a /ream1 its "* is t ( g5tl5ess1 & x sugge/s only ! ideas ( calm & tranquil beauty4 ,b :5 x exp&s to a great] wid?1 & its floods are p\r$ =? 9 an impetu\s tide1 !n x assumes ! aspect ( gr&eur1 & wak5s 9 ! behold] ! emotions ( sublimity4 ,! beauty ( runn+ wat] has1 inde$1 long be5 celebrat$1 & ! riv] has (t5 sugge/$ an image illu/rative ( human life4 ,ev5 ,pl9y1 :o wrote "s two ?\s& ye>s ago1 lik5s a riv] to ! progress ( man4 8,its beg9n+s10 he says1 8are insignificant1 & its infancy is frivol\s2 x plays among ! fl[]s ( a mead[1 x wat]s a g>d51 or turns a mill4 ,ga!r+ /r5g? 9 its gr[?1 x becomes wild & impetu\s4 ,impati5t ( ! re/ra9t x meets ) 9 ! holl[s ( ! m\nta9s1 x is re/less & fretful1 quick 9 its turn+s1 & un/eady 9 its c\rse4 ,n[ x is a ro>+ cat>act1 te>+ up & ov]turn+ :atev] opposes its progress1 & x %oots headlong d[n a rock2 !n x becomes a gloomy1 sull5 pool1 buri$ 9 ! bottom ( a gl54 ,recov]+ brea? by repose1 x aga9 da%es along1 till1 tir$ ( upro> & mis*ief1 x quits all t x has swept along1 & leaves ! op5+ ( ! valley /rew$ ) ! reject$ wa/e4 ,n[1 quitt+ its retirem5t1 x comes abroad into ! _w1 j\rney+ ) m prud5ce & discretion ?r\gh cultivat$ fields1 yield+ to circum/ances1 & w9d+ r\nd :at w\ld tr\ble x to ov]:elm or remove4 ,x passes ?r\gh ! popul\s cities1 & all ! busy haunts ( man1 t5d]s its s]vices on e side1 & becomes ! support & ornam5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,increas$ by num]\s alliances1 & advanc$ 9 its c\rse1 x becomes grave & /ately 9 its motions1 loves peace & quiet1 & 9 maje/ic sil5ce rolls on its mighty wat]s1 till x is laid to re/ 9 ! va/ abyss40 ,,falls ,,( ,,niag>a4 ,cat>acts or falls are =m$ by ! desc5t ( riv]s ov] rocks1 f a high] to a l[] level4 ,t ( ,niag>a1 is situat$ on ! riv] ,niag>a1 betwe5 ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* takes its rise 9 ! ea/]n extremity ( ,lake ,erie1 &1 aft] fl[+ = ?irty-five miles1 empties itself into ,lake ,ont>io4 ,its bread? is n9e hundr$ feet1 & its dep? v consid]able2 b its curr5t is s exce$+ly /rong & irregul>1 & its *annel s frequ5tly int]sp]s$ ) rocks1 t x is navigable = small boats only4 ,proce$+ l[]1 ! /ream wid5s1 & ! rocks gradually rec$e f ! view1 & ! curr5t ?\gh /rong1 is smoo? & regul>4 ,at ,=t ,*ippewa1 h[ev]1 situat$ "o league above ! cat>acts1 ! sc5e is aga9 *ang$1 & ! riv] s agitat$1 t a boat w\ld be inevitably da%$ 9 pieces1 7 x p]mitt$ to pass ,=t ,niag>a1 situat$ on its bank4 ,s impetu\sly d ! waves break among ! rocks1 t ! m]e sight ( !m1 f ! adjac5t %ore1 is suffici5t to /rike t]ror 9 ! spectator4 ,z x approa*es ! falls1 ! /ream ru%es along1 ) r$\bl$ fury1 until x rea*es ! edge ( ! /up5d\s precipice1 :5 x tumbles sudd5ly to ! bottom1 )\t meet+ ) any ob/ruction 9 its desc5t4 ,precisely at ?is place1 ! riv] /rikes (f to ! "r1 & ! l9e ( cat>acts w9ds obliquely across1 in/ead ( ext5d+1 9 ! %orte/ direction1 f ! "o bank to ! o!r4 ,x ought to be obs]v$1 t ! wat] does n precipitate itself d[n ! va/ abyss 9 "o entire %eet1 b1 be+ sep>at$ by isl&s1 =ms ?ree di/9ct1 collat]al falls4 ,"o ( ^! is call$ ! great or ,horse%oe fall1 f ! simil>ity ( its =m to t ( a horse%oe4 ,x is situat$ on ! nor?-we/ extremity ( ! riv]1 & is mo/ des]v+ ( ! att5tion ( ! spectator1 z probably sev5-eigh?s ( ! wat] passes ov] x1 & z its gr&eur is evid5tly sup]ior to t ( ! adjac5t cat>acts1 al?\gh its hight may be some:at less4 ,z ! ext5t ( ?is fall c be asc]ta9$ by ! eye only1 x is impossible precisely to describe its limits2 b its circumf]5ce is g5]ally comput$ at eighte5 hundr$ feet1 some:at m ?an "o-?ird ( a mile4 ,beyond ! int]v5+ isl&1 ! wid? ( :i* may be equal to "o ?\s& & fifty feet1 is ! second fall1 ab\t fifte5 feet wide2 & at ! di/ance ( n9ety feet1 occupi$ by ! second isl&1 is ! ?ird fall1 ! dim5sions ( :i* may be reckon$ equal to ^? ( ! l>ge isl&2 s t ! entire ext5t ( ! precipice1 includ+ ! int]m$iate isl&s1 is f\r ?\s& & five feet2 a computation :i* c]ta9ly does n exce$ ! tru?4 ,! quantity ( wat] precipitat$ f ! falls is prodigi\s1 & x has be5 e/imat$1 am\nts to six hundr$ & sev5ty ?\s&1 two hundr$ & fifty tuns p] m9ute4 ,f ! em95ce entitl$ ! ,table rock1 ! spectator has a f9e prospect ( ! t]rific rapids above ! falls1 & ( ! surr\nd+ %ores1 embelli%$ ) l(ty woods4 ,he !re sees to advantage ! adjac5t ,horse%oe fall1 & ! dread abyss1 into :i* he may look p]p5dicul>ly f ! edge ( ! rock1 if 8 c\rage be equal to 8 curiosity4 ,! imm5sity ( ! v>i\s objects :i* "h pres5t !mselves to ! view1 infallibly ov]:elms a /rang] ) a/oni%m5t1 & sev]al m9utes mu/ elapse be=e he c possibly collect himself suffici5tly to =m any j conception ( ! awful & magnific5t sc5e be=e him1 :i* requires t all its compon5t p>ts %\ld be sep>ately exam9$1 & :i* af=ds s truly surpris+ an exhibition1 t p]sons :o h resid$ 9 its vic9ity = sev]al ye>s1 & :o h be5 con/antly habituat$ to its sublimity1 +5u\sly ackn[l$ge1 at _! la/ visit1 t !y 7 nev] able be=e to discov] its peculi> gr&eur4 ,f a cliff ne>ly opposite to "o extremity ( ! ?ird fall1 ! falls are se5 9 a v int]e/+ po9t ( view3 ! sc5]y !re1 x is true1 is less magnific5t1 b is inf9itely m beautiful ?an f any o!r /ation4 ,= sev]al miles b5ea? ! precipice ! riv] is b\nd$1 on ei!r side1 by /eep & l(ty cliffs1 compos$ ( e>? & rocks1 :i* 9 mo/ p>ts are p]p5dicul>4 ,! desc5t to ! bottom ( ! falls 0 =m]ly accompli%$ by two ladd]s1 =m$ ( long p9e trees1 ) not*es on _! sides1 on :i* ! travel] re/$ 8 feet1 & pass$ d[n amid/ a v>iety ( huge mis%ap5 rocks & p5dant trees1 seem+ to ?reat5 him ) in/antane\s de/ruction4 ,! bread? ( ! riv] 9 ?is "p is ab\t two furlongs2 & t[>d ! "r1 on ! opposite side1 ! ?ird fall appe>s 9 a v advantage\s po9t ( view4 ,ab\t "o-half ( ! ,horse-%oe fall is conceal$ by ! project+ cliff1 b its p>tial prospect is extremely f9e4 ,! bottom ( ! =m] ( ^! falls is skirt$ ) a beautiful :ite foam1 :i* asc5ds f ! rock 9 ?ick volumes1 b does n rise into ! air l a cl\d ( smoke1 z is ! case ) t ( ! latt] fall1 al?\gh its spray is s consid]able1 z to desc5d l a %[] ( ra91 ne> ! second ladd]1 on ! opposite side ( ! riv]4 ,on its br9k1 & along ! /r&1 to ! great fall1 are to be con/antly se5 %att]$ trees & bodies ( animals1 :i* h be5 c>ri$ away by ! extreme viol5ce ( ! curr5t4 ,! color ( ! wat] ( ! cat>acts1 z x desc5ds p]p5dicul>ly on ! rocks1 is occasionally a d>k gre51 & sometimes a foam+1 brilliant :ite1 display+ a ?\s& elegant v>iations1 accord+ to ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 ! hight ( ! sun1 or ! =ce ( ! w9d4 ,a portion ( ! spray1 result+ f ! falls1 frequ5tly t[]s above ! hight1 & lit]ally m+les ) ! cl\ds3 :ile ! rema9d]1 brok5 9 its desc5t by fragm5ts ( rocks1 is 9 cont9ual agitation4 ,! noise1 irregul>ity1 & rapid desc5t ( ! /ream1 cont9ue ab\t eight miles fur!r2 & ! riv] is n suffici5tly calm to admit ( navigation1 till x rea*es ,que5/[n1 on ! we/ side ( ! riv]1 & n9e miles f ! falls4 ,a late t\ri/ has giv5 u a m rec5t & fre% view ( ?is wond]ful cat>act1 :i* w aid u m fully to und]/& its v>i\s aspects z tak5 f diff]5t po9ts ( obs]vation4 8,f ! bank j bel[ ! #8,clifton ,h\se1' he says1 8is p]haps ! f9e/ panoramic view ( ! falls4 ,! g5]al outl9e be>s a resemblance to ! %ape ( a human e>2 ! great ,horse%oe fall :i* is repres5t$ on ! "r h& ( ! cut bel[ con/itut+ ! upp] lobe1 :ile ,goat isl& & ! ,am]ican fall z se5 on ! left repres5t ! rema9+ portion4 ,! riv]1 ^: g5]al c\rse has be5 ea/ & we/1 makes a %>p turn to ! "r j at ! po9t :]e ! fall n[ is4 ,its bread? is "h contract$ f ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile to less ?an "o-f\r?4 ,! ,horse%oe fall only occupies ! head ( ! *asm1 :ile ! ,am]ican cat>act falls ov] its side2 s t ?is fall & a "p ( ! ,horse%oe lie directly p>allel ) ! ,canada %ore1 & its :ole ext5t c be tak5 9 at a s+le glance4 ,x is ?is on5ess ( aspect :i* r5d]s ! prospect f ?is side s mu* ! m impressive = a fir/ view ( ,niag>a4 ,x gives a /rong1 %>p outl9e :i* may aft]w>d be fill$ up at leisure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,niag>a ,,falls4 8,! mo/ complete view ( ! ,horse%oe fall is t f ! bottom ( ! cliff1 at a po9t ne> ! f]ry l&+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! wat] is unusually high1 ! quiet pool :i* is ord9>ily se5 9 ! =egr\nd1 becomes a fi]ce & angry ru% ( wat]s1 foam+ above & ar\nd ! jagg$ rocks4 ,if ! wat] is v l[1 ! b$ ( ?is pool is entirely dry4 ,la/ ye> #aheb !re 7 b few days :5 ! :ole spot 0 n ov]fl[$4 ,! curr5t ne>e/ ! ,canada %ore runs up-/ream1 z ?\gh seek+ an outlet 9 ! direction f :i* x came4 ,! middle di/ance is m>k$ by a l9e ( :ite foam1 beyond :i* ! curr5t runs d[n/ream4 ,! c5t] ( ! ,horse-%oe fall is directly 9 front1 def9$ on ! "r by ! v]ge ( ,table ,rock1 & on ! left by ! upp] extremity ( ,goat isl&4 ,j bel[ ! t[] :i* seems to rise f ! mid/ ( ! wat]s on ! ,am]ican side1 an imm5se mass ( rock is dimly visible1 :i* became deta*$ f ! precipice 9 ,febru>y1 #aheb4 8,a v *>m+ glimpse ( t portion ( ! fall directly 9 front ( ! t[]1 may be caught ?r\gh a clump ( trees :i* /& a little above ! f]ry l&+4 ,! limitation ( view hight5s ! effect1 :5 contra/$ ) ! unlimit$ prospect ( ! fall pres5t$ f almo/ e o!r po9t on ! ,canada side4 8,x is no v difficult task = a /\t p$e/rian to make 8 way along "u ! edge ( ! precipice f ! f]ry up to ! foot ( ! fall4 ,! pa? w9ds among huge fragm5ts ( rock :i* h tumbl$ f above1 & is slipp]y ) ! fall+ spray4 ,y /op to re/ ^u a huge rock1 :]e a c\ple ( r\gh-coat$ m5 are fi%+4 ,!y tell y t x is nam$ #8,bass rock1' & y recognize ! propriety ( ! appellation1 z y obs]ve ! f9ny spoil t has repaid _! labor4 ,! wat] ru%es foam+ & eddy+ ar\nd ! fragm5ts ( rock1 sometimes ris+ 9 great swells to ! spot on :i* y /&4 ,fragm5ts ( timb]1 _! ends r\nd$ & worn l pebbles on a wave-beat5 %ore1 are scatt]$ ar\nd3 "s groan+ & toss+ 9 ! wat]1 o!rs /r&$ high & dry ^u ! rocks1 :]e !y h be5 flung by "s swell high] ?an usual4 ,y are s ne> ! foot ( ! fall t ! desc5d+ %eet ( wat] occupies ! entire field ( vision3 ! imm5se rock :i* int]poses betwe5 ,bass rock & ! desc5d+ wat] has z yet receiv$ no di/9ctive "n4 8,! pa? n[ beg9s to asc5d ! slop+ bank1 w9d+ ar\nd huge b[ld]s1 & among gay %rubs :i* ! p]petual spray n\ri%es 9 luxuriant gre5ness1 :]ev] !re is a re/+-place = a pat* ( soil4 ,at la/ y rea* ! dilapidat$ /aircase :i* desc5ds ! p]p5dicul> face ( ! cliff1 & clamb]+ ar\nd its base ^u a rott5 & slimy plank1 y f9d y\rself bel[ ! ov]hang+ mass ( ,table ,rock4 ,y are close at ! edge ( ! fall+ wat]1 :i* desc5ds 9 a mass app>5tly z solid z ?\gh c>v$ f m>ble4 ,y n[ beg9 to compreh5d ! hight ( ! fall4 ,x makes y dizzy to look up to ! upp] edge ( ! ru%+ column4 ,y /& j midway betwe5 ! top & ! bottom4 ,above y hangs ! imm95t mass ( ,table ,rock2 bel[1 f> d[n by ! wet & jagg$ rocks1 is ! see?+ :irlpool1 :]e ! wat] wri!s & eddies z ?\gh fr5zi$ ) its fe>ful leap4 ,r\nd & r\nd x goes 9 solemn gyrations1 be>+ ) x :atev] float+ object may h be5 plung$ into its vortex4 8,a ye> ago ?is v mon? ( ,augu/1 a "y woman walk$ 9 ! cool gray morn+ d[n to ! br9k ( ! cliff & flung h]self into ! :irlpool bel[4 ,s resolute 0 ! leap1 t %e %ot cle> ( ! jagg$ rocks at ! base1 & plung$ %e] into ! wat] beyond4 ,:5 ! visitors came saunt]+ d[n to ! fall1 h] body 0 se5 :irl+ r\nd & r\nd 9 ! mad eddies1 n[ subm]g$ = an in/ant1 & !n leap+ up1 z ?\gh implor+ aid4 ,a day or two aft]w>d1 ,i 0 "o ( a gr\p to :om a r\gh-look+ man 0 describ+ ! sc5e4 ,he told h[ he & two o!rs _h desc5d$ amid ! bl9d+ spray close to ! foot ( ! fall4 ,a rope 0 !n fa/5$ to 8 body1 :i* 0 held fa/ f above by ! o!rs1 :ile he grop$ 8 mi/y way d[n to ! v edge ( ! wat]s1 :]e he wait$ till !y :irl$ ! corpse close in%ore4 ,he !n d>t$ a spe> ) a spr+-b>b into ! body1 b ! =ce ( ! curr5t tore out ! hold1 & x drift$ away4 ,aga9 x came )9 rea*1 & aga9 ! hold ( ! spe> 0 too weak to ov]come ! =ce ( ! curr5t4 ,a ?ird "t ! body approa*$1 & ! spe> 0 d>t$4 ,?is "t x caught among ! /rong muscles ( ! ?igh1 & held1 s t ! body 0 drawn to %ore4 ,! n>rator 0 a r\gh man1 r\ghly clad1 & told 8 /ory r\ghly2 b !re 0 9 8 voice a l[ ?rill ( horror z he told h[ he 0 oblig$ to cut ! spe>-head out ( ! fle% ) 8 knife1 be=e ! weapon c\ld be extract$3 #8,x 0 too bad1' said he2 #8b x c\ldn't be help$4' ,& x 0 ) unconsci\s pa?os t he told h[ !y /ripp$ (f _! own r\gh g>m5ts1 & t5d]ly cov]$ ! poor maim$ & mutilat$ body be=e !y bore x up ! bank4 ,x 0 a comm5t>y1 wr\ght out into practice1 ^u ,hood's immortal #8,bridge ( ,sighs4' 8,) ! exception ( ! fall itself1 ! ,canada side pres5ts little ( int]e/4 ,! br9k ( ! gorge is b>e & nak$1 ! trees :i* once clo!d x hav+ be5 cut away4 ,! regul> drive seems to be up to ! ,burn+ ,spr+1 & !nce back by way ( ,drummondville & ,lundy's ,lane4 ,at ! ,burn+ ,spr+ y regi/] y\r "n1 pay y\r fee1 & are introduc$ into a small ap>tm5t1 9 ! floor ( :i* is a spr+ 9 con/ant ebullition f ! escape ( an inflammable gas4 ,! flax5-pat$ *ildr5 ( ! %[-woman place a receiv] ov] ! spr+1 & set fire to ! gas1 z x comes out ( ! jet2 !y !n remove ! receiv]1 & light ! gas z x rises to ! surface ( ! wat]2 & t is all4 ,y take y\r dep>ture1 look+ va/ly edifi$2 :ile ! driv] ?ru/s 8 tongue into 8 *eek1 z ?\gh he 7 m5tally quot+ a c]ta9 prov]b t\*+ #8a fool & 8 money4' ,illu/ration3 ,niag>a ,falls on ! ,am]ican side 8,9 ! e>ly morn+ y commit y\rself to ! little boat 9 :i* y are to be f]ri$ ov] to ! ,am]ican %ore4 ,y\r half-felt misgiv+s are dissipat$ z y see ! dext]\s mann] ) :i* ! brawny boatman h&les 8 o>s1 & takes advantage ( ! #8up-eddy' & #8d[n-eddy2' & 9 a few m9utes y are l&$ close at ! foot ( ! ,am]ican fall4 ,half-way up ! f]ry-/airs is an op5+ :i* gives access to a pa? along ! foot ( ! p]p5dicul> precipice to ! v]ge ( ! fall+ wat]4 ,f ?is po9t 9 ! e>ly morn+1 may be ga9$ "o ( ! mo/ picturesque views ( ,niag>a4 ,y\r position gives a f9e view ( ! fall on ! ,am]ican side1 z se5 9 ! cut2 ! hight ( :i* =ms a /&>d by :i* y measure t ( ! ,horse%oe fall1 :i* /ret*es away 9 ! di/ant p]spective4 ,complet+ ! asc5t ( ! f]ry-/airway1 y rea* ,prospect po9t1 at its head1 f :5ce ! same g5]al view is ga9$1 f a m elevat$ po9t4 ,x is h>d to say :e!r ! view f above or bel[ is ! f9]4 ,! latt] br+s m into notice ! hight ( ! fall+ column ( wat]1 ?us ga9+ an additional elem5t ( gr&eur1 :ile ! latt] embraces a view ( ! wood$ isl&s above ! fall1 add+ greatly to ! picturesque effect4 ,! precise po9t f :i* ! arti/ has tak5 ?is sket* is n n[ atta9able4 ,x 0 a project+ %elf ( rock1 a few feet bel[ ! precipice1 :i* has be5 cut away to make room = ! t]ribly unpicturesque1 b mo/ conv5i5t /airway4 8,?is 0 app>5tly ! po9t f :i* hone/ ,fa!r ,h5nep91 :o has left u ! e>lie/ writt5 acc\nt ( ,niag>a1 gaz$ ^u t #8prodigi\s ,cad5ce ( ,wat]s1 :i* falls d[n aft] a surpris+ & a/oni%+ ,mann]1 insomu* t ! ,univ]se c n af=d its p>allel4' #8,! ,wat]s1' goes on ! qua9t n>rative1 #8:i* fall f ?is horrible ,precipice1 d foam & boyle aft] ! mo/ hide\s ,mann] imag9able1 mak+ an outrage\s ,noise m t]rible ?an t ( ,?und]4' ,! good ,jesuit w\ld seem to h be5 deeply mov$ by ?is #8dismal ,ro>+2' = 9 ! curi\s picture :i* he gives ( ! falls1 he repres5ts ! spectators hold+ _! h&s to _! e>s to %ut out ! d92 & he h9ts t ! ,indians 7 =c$ to ab&on ! neighborhood ( ! falls1 le/ !y %\ld become deaf5$ by ! upro>4 ,b ! good fa!r mu/ h he>d ! #8horrid ,noise ( ! ,falls1' z he else:]e calls x1 ) ! imag9ation r ?an ) ! e>4 ,y h>dly notice x z y loit] along ! br9k1 except :5 "s sudd5 atmosph]ic *ange v>ies its deep & solemn monotone4 ,! s\nd is l ! cont9u\s & p]vad+ murmur ( ! w9d ?r\gh a =e/ ( somb] p9es4 ,y are n =c$ to raise y\r voice 9 conv]s+ ) a fri5d by ^: side y loit] along ! br9k ( ! fall1 t[>d ! bridge :i* gives y access to ! wood$ isl&s t beckon y on4 8,no?+ c exce$ ! picturesque beauty ( ! small wood$ isl&s :i* /ud ! rapids ^u ! ,am]ican side4 ,two ( r>e beauty1 kn[n z ,%ip & ,brig isl&s1 /em ! curr5t a little above ! bridge :i* connects ,goat isl& ) ! %ore4 ,x ne$s b little ef=t ( ! imag9ation to fancy !m vessels "u full press ( sail1 endeavor+ to %e] out ( ! curr5t t hurries !m inevitably d[n4 ,! =m] ( ^! isl&s is accessible by a bridge :i* connects x ) ,ba? isl&1 & is "o ( ! lovelie/ spots imag9able4 ,! old c$>s1 ^: gn>l$ & contort$ trunks ov]hang ! wat]s1 dipp+ _! bran*es into ! curr5t1 seem to cl+ ) desp]ate clut* to ! rocks1 z ?\gh fe>ful ( los+ _! hold & be+ swept away4 8,f ! bridge lead+ to ,goat isl&1 ! rapids pres5t t same appe>ance ( plung+ f ! sky :i* r5d]s _! view f ! ,canadian %ore s impressive4 ,goat isl&--s let x /ill be call$1 9 spite ( ! fopp]y :i* has lately attempt$ to *ange its "n to ,iris isl&--pres5ts an aspect almo/ z wild z x did be=e x _h be5 r5d]$ accessible to human foot4 ,7 x n = ! pa? :i* girdles its entire circumf]5ce1 & ! ru/ic seats dispos$ "h & !re1 "o might fancy t he 0 ! fir/ :o _h ev] saunt]$ ?r\gh its gr& & /ately woods4 ,! beauty & v>iety ( ! trees on ?is isl& are wond]ful4 ,!re is ! maple1 greet+ ! e>ly spr+ sun%9e ) its fire-tipp$ buds2 spread+ out 9 summ] its broad dome ( d>k gre5 leaves 9 masses s ?ick1 t b5ea? !m y h no fe> ( ! pass+ %[]2 & 9 autumn we>+ its gorge\s crimson robe l an ori5tal mon>*4 ,! bee* %[s its dappl$ trunk & bright gre5 foliage at e po9t1 giv+ p]petual life & vivacity to ! sc5e4 ,! silv]y trunks ( ! :ite bir* gleam among ! und]wood4 ,an occasional asp51 ) its ev]-quiv]+ leaves1 :i* almo/ %$ a s5se ( breezy coolness 9 ! /ille/1 sultrie/ day1 contra/s f9ely ) ! d>k ev]gre5s by :i* x is reliev$4 ,almo/ all ( our nor!rn fauna h _! repres5tatives "h4 ,ev5 ^u ! little ,%ip isl&1 :i* c be cross$ 9 any direction 9 a doz5 /rides1 & :i* appe>s to a ha/y view b a mass ( twi/$ & gn>l$ c$>s1 !re are at lea/ sev5 di/9ct species ( trees4 ,^? trees1 h[ev]1 :i* imm$iately ov]hang ! falls1 h an aspect peculi> to !mselves4 ,!y are b5t1 brok51 twi/$ & contort$1 9 e direction4 ,!y seem to be />t+ back 9 horror f ! abyss be=e !m1 & to w9d _! long f+]-l roots ar\nd ! rocks1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 _! hold4 8,"o ( ^!1 an ag$ bir*1 gr[+ ^u ! ridge kn[n z ! #8,hog's ,back1' af=ds a re/+-place f :i* to ga9 "o ( ! f9e/ views ( ! ,am]ican falls4 ,"r 9 front is ! small c5tral fall1 & ! footbridge :i* leads to ,luna isl&1 ) its trees dw>f$ & /unt$ by ! weight ( froz5 spray :i* loads !m 9 ! w9t]4 ,beyond is ! s]rat$ l9e ( ! ,am]ican fall2 :ile ! di/ance is fill$ up ) ! rec$+ l9es ( ! banks ( ! riv] bel[4 8,a few paces--pa/ gr\ps ( bli! t\ri/s1 pa/ companies ( somb] ,indian girls 9 blue blankets & high-cr[n$ hats1 ) _! gay w>es spread out at _! feet--br+s y to ! ,biddle /aircase1 d[n :i* y w9d to ! foot ( ! precipice4 ,! pa? to ! left leads along ! foot ( ! ov]hang+ cliff1 up to ! v]ge ( ! ,horse%oe fall1 only a portion ( ^: circumf]5ce is visible f any po9t on ! ,am]ican %ore4 ,y are "h close ^u ! fragm5ts ( rock t fell f j 9 front ( ! t[]1 9 ,febru>y1 #aheb1 ! late/ ( ^? *anges :i* are sl[ly & almo/ imp]ceptibly alt]+ ! =m & position ( ! falls4 ,?is fall ( rock 0 se5 by an arti/ :o has giv5 u a fai?ful picture ( its effects4 ,he 0 j recov]+ f an illness1 & :ile sitt+ 9 8 room at ! ,clifton ,h\se1 on ! opposite ,canadian %ore1 he 0 />tl$ by a cra%1 almo/ l t ( an e>?quake4 ,tott]+ to ! w9d[1 he beheld ! imm5se curta9 ( rock 9 front ( ! t[] precipitat$ f its anci5t hold1 & ly+ 9 huge masses ^u ! ice bel[2 :ile a few /reams ( wat] trickl$ d[n ! br[n cliff1 :]e b a mom5t be=e no?+ _h be5 se5 b a surface ( dazzl+ ice4 ,! wat] at ?is extremity ( ! fall desc5ds 9 light fea!ry =ms1 contra/+ f9ely ) ! solid masses 9 :i* x seems to plunge d[n ! c5t] ( ! sweep+ curve4 ,! t[] is p]*$ ^u ! v br9k ( ! precipice1 s close t ! next fall ( rock mu/ c>ry x along ) x4 ,! pa? to ! "r f ! foot ( ! /aircase1 leads to ! entrance to ! ,cave ( ! ,w9ds1 :i* lies beh9d ! c5tral fall4 ,x is h>d to imag9e h[ ?is cav]n miss$ be+ call$ ! #8,cave ( olus1' by ^? classici/s :o h exhau/$ anci5t my?ology = appellations = our ,am]ican sc5]y4 ,b x has escap$ ?is infliction2 & ! #8,cave ( ! ,w9ds1' x is1 & w be4 ,f ! little h\se close by ! entrance1 :]e ! requisite *anges ( dress are made1 y look d[n into an abyss ( cold gray mi/1 driv5 ev] & anon l %[]s ( hail into y\r face1 z y grope y\r way d[n ! rocky slope4 ,ha/e n1 pause n4 ,"h is ! plat=m1 half-se51 half-felt amid ! bl9d+ spray4 ,%ade ( ,fa!r ,h5nep91 ?is is truly a #8dismal ro>+' ( w9d & wat]4 ,we are across1 & /& secure on ! smoo?1 %aly bottom ( ! cave4 ,look up3 :at a magnific5t ar* is =m$ by ! solid rock on ! "o side1 & ! desc5d+ mass ( wat] on ! o!r4 ,:i* is ! solid] & firm] y h>dly "k4 ,yet look aga9--= x is sunset--& see :at we %all see n[h]e else on e>?1 ?ree ra9b[s "o )9 ano!r2 n half-=m$ & incomplete1 z is ! s*eme ( our daily life1 b fill+ up ! complete circle1 p]fect & absolute4 8,^u an isolat$ rock at ! v br9k ( ! cat>act /&s a r\nd t[]4 ,x is approa*$ by a long1 n>r[ bridge1 re/+ n[ ^u l$ges ( solid rock1 & n[ ^u loose b[ld]s4 ,f ! balcony ^u its summit1 y c lean f> ov] ! edge ( ! precipice1 & !re cat* ! fre%ness ( ! cl\d ( spray t rises ev]more f ! unse5 foot ( ! great fall4 ,or y c climb d[n ! l[ rock ^u :i* ! t[] /&s1 & ga!r %ells & pebbles f )9 arm's l5g? ( ! v]ge ( ! desc5t1 s g5tle1 to all appe>ance1 is ! curr5t4 ,b be n ov]-bold4 ,^! wat]s1 app>5tly s g5tle1 sweep d[n ) a =ce beyond y\r p[] to /em4 ,n _m mon?s ago1 a man fell f ! bridge into _! smoo? fl[1 & 0 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye swept to ! br9k ( ! desc5t4 ,"h he lodg$ aga9/ "o ( ^? rocks t lie app>5tly tott]+ ^u ! br[1 look+ ov] ! fe>ful desc5t1 ) z little p[] to retrace 8 c\rse1 z he w\ld h _h to reasc5d ! p]p5dicul> fall4 ,a rope 0 float$ d[n to him1 :i* he _h j /r5g? to fa/5 ar\nd 8 body1 & he 0 drawn up f 8 p]il\s position4 8,x is usual to speak ( ! ,horse%oe fall z ,canadian2 & our r sl[ neighbors across ! riv] h be5 wont to plume !mselves ^u ! possession ( ! m magnific5t "p ( ,niag>a2 :ile ,"y ,am]ica has be5 he>d to mutt] betwe5 8 tee? some?+ ab\t #8annexation1' on ! gr\nd t ! less] nation has no fair claim to ! possession ( ! major "p ( ! cr[n+ wond] ( ! cont95t4 ,b ! portion ( ,niag>a belong+ to ,canada is h>dly wor? cont5d+ =4 ,! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ! two c\ntries is ! deepe/ wat]1 :i* runs f> ov] t[>d ! ,canadian %ore4 ,! l9e passes ?r\gh ! lonely little isle 9 ! c5t] ( ! riv]1 :i* has nev] be5 trodd5 by human foot4 ,"r ?r\gh ! v c5t] ( ! ,horse%oe fall1 :]e ! wat] is gre5e/1 cutt+ ! ?icke/ pill> ( spray1 ?r\gh ! inmo/ convolution ( ! :irlpool1 ?r\gh ! calme/ "p ( ! quiet rea* ( wat] above ! susp5sion bridge1 ?r\gh ! madde/ "w ( ! rapids bel[1 goes ! b\nd>y l9e1 leav+ to ,canada no?+ ( ,niag>a except ,table ,rock1 :i* ye>ly ?reat5s to fall1 & ! half ( ! great fall3 :ile to ,am]ica x gives1 toge!r ) full "o-half ( ! ,horse%oe fall1 ! v>y+ beauties ( ! less] cat>acts1 & ! :ole weal? ( ! lovely isl&s :i* gem ! rapids4 8,! g5]al =m ( ! falls is sl[ly *ang+ f age to age4 ,:5 ,fa!r ,h5nep9 saw !m1 a c5tury & ?ree-qu>t]s ago1 !y pres5t$ little ( t curv$ & ind5t$ outl9e :i* n[ =ms _! mo/ /rik+ peculi>ity4 ,! fall on ! we/]n side ext5d$ 9 ne>ly a /raight l9e f ! head ( ,goat isl& to ,table ,rock1 :i* t]m9at$ 9 a bluff t turn$ a portion ( ! wat] f its direct c\rse1 =m+ ano!r cat>act :i* fell to ! ea/4 ,a c5tury lat]1 ?is project+ rock _h disappe>$1 b ! spot :i* x _h occupi$ 0 di/9ctly traceable4 ,f ! "* ( ! /rata ?r\gh :i* ! wat] has sl[ly worn its way back f ! %ores ( ,lake ,ont>io1 we le>n :at mu/ h be5 ! appe>ances ( ! fall at any p]iod ( its hi/ory4 ,?us x c nev] h ov]come ! desc5t ( ?ree hundr$ & fifty feet at ,lewi/on at a s+le leap1 b mu/ h =m$ at lea/ ?ree cat>acts sep>at$ by int]v5+ rapids4 ,:5 ! falls occupi$ ! position ( ! :irlpool1 ?ree miles bel[ _! pres5t site1 ! desc5t 0 evid5tly great] ?an at any p]iod be=e or s9ce4 ,b !re nev] c h be5 a p]iod :5 _! beauty equal$ t :i* !y pres5t at ! pres5t age4 ,! imm5se bread? ( ! %eet ( fall+ wat]1 its graceful sweep ( curves1 & ! picturesque isl&s t /ud ! br9k1 belong solely to our pres5t ,niag>a4 ,! falls rec$e at pres5t1 we are told1 at ! rate ( some?+ less ?an a foot 9 a ye>4 ,geology is able to pr$ict t :5 a recession ( a mile has tak5 place1 "s five or six ?\s& ye>s h5ce1 ! hight ( ! fall w be r$uc$ by a score ( feet4 ,ano!r five ?\s& ye>s w subtract two score m ( feet4 ,t5 ?\s& ye>s m1 :5 ! fall %all h worn its way f\r miles fur!r back1 all t con/itutes ,niag>a w h disappe>$1 & ! :ole desc5t w be accompli%$ by a s]ies ( rapids l ^? ne> ! :irlpool4 8,x is /range h[ little ( direct human int]e/ is connect$ ) ,niag>a4 ,"o w\ld h suppos$ t x w\ld h be5 a sacr$ spot ) ! ,indians2 b1 ) ! exception ( a few graves on ! upp] extremity ( ,goat isl&1 no special memorial ( ! aborig9es exi/s "h4 ,! falls h be5 kn[n to ! :ite race = too %ort a "t to ga!r ar\nd !m leg5d>y associations4 ,"o or two po9ts are associat$ ) ! memory ( a "y ,engli%man :o1 some?+ l a score ( ye>s ago1 set up z ! #8,h]mit ( ! ,falls4' ,a picturesque little break 9 ! rapids betwe5 ,goat isl& & "o ( ! rocky islets kn[n z ! ,?ree ,si/]s1 has be5 nam$ f him ! #8,h]mit's cascade4' ,x is a lovely spot1 by ! side ( :i* "o may lie "u ! ov]>*+ trees1 & :ile away ! noontide h\r1 lull$ into dreamy slumb] by ! deep voice ( ! cat>act4 ,?is h]mit seems h>dly wor?y ( be+ made ! h]o ( ! falls4 ,little is told ( him except t he 0 fond ( music & ( pac+ by night along ! m>g9 ( ! riv]2 t he 0 alike indispos$ = human society & = clean l954 ,x is said1 inde$1 t he 0 accu/om$ to record 8 mus+s 9 ,lat91 b z no fragm5ts ( ^! 7 discov]$ aft] 8 dea?1 we may set ! /ory d[n z apocryphal4 ,a deep] tragic int]e/ is atta*$ to a tale1 n[ "s ?ree ye>s old1 :i* w be told y z y /& by ! m>g9 ( ! less] fall4 ,a p>ty ( visitors /ood "h1 9 gay disc\rse4 ,among !m 7 a "y man & 8 affianc$ bride1 & ) !m a laugh+ *ild4 ,! "y man1 cat*+ up ! *ild1 said sportively to h]1 #8,n[ ,i %all ?r[ y ov]2' :5 %e1 glid+ f 8 hold 9 affright1 half real & half feign$1 slipp$1 & fall+1 plung$ headlong into ! /ream2 he sprang aft]1 b ! curr5t 0 /rong] ?an 8 /r5g?1 & swept !m bo? d[n ! smoo? slope1 & ov] ! fall4 ,_! bodies1 mangl$ & bruis$1 7 recov]$ f ! rocks bel[4 8,! p$e/rian c h>dly f9d a pleasant] summ] day's ramble1 ?an t along ! riv] to ,lewi/on1 desc5d+ on ! ,am]ican side1 & return+ by ! opposite bank4 ,= a mile bel[ ! falls1 :]e ! *annel is n>r[e/1 ! curr5t is s smoo?1 t "o might fancy he 0 gaz+ d[n into "s quiet t>n embosom$ 9 ! m\nta9s1 7 x n t y cat* ! :ite m>g9 ( ! l[] rapids j :]e ! susp5sion bridge /ret*es its sl5d] l9e f ! summits ( ! oppos+ cliffs40 ,?is bridge1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut bel[1 is ab\t two & a half miles bel[ ! falls1 & spans ! riv] ne> ! head ( ! rapids1 above ! :irlpool4 ,f pi] to pi] x is eight hundr$ feet long1 & 9 bread? eight feet4 ,x is susp5d$ on eight wire cables1 f\r on ea* side1 :i* pass ov] t[]s fifty-f\r feet high1 built ( heavy timb]4 ,! pres5t /ructure is only ! scaffold+ = con/ruct+ a l>g] bridge1 int5d$ = ! passage ( railroad c>s4 ,! t[]s = ! l>ge bridge w be ( solid masonry1 ea* eighty feet high4 ,ea* ( ! cables is elev5 hundr$ feet long1 & compos$ ( sev5ty-two /rong1 ,no4 #aj iron wires1 closely wrapp$ r\nd ) small wire ?ree times boil$ 9 l9se$ oil1 :i* anneals x1 & prev5ts injury f ru/ or exposure to ! wea!r4 ,! cables1 aft] pass+ ov] ! pi]s on ! banks1 are fa/ an*or$ 9 solid masonry fifty feet back ( !m4 ,! susp5d]s1 :i* =m ! sides1 are compos$ ( eight wires ea*1 & are f\r & a half feet ap>t4 ,! bridge itself is two hundr$ feet above ! wat]1 & is a wond] alike ( ent]prise & art4 ,illu/ration3 ,susp5sion ,bridge ov] ,niag>a ,riv] ,our t\ri/ proce$s z foll[s4 8,9 ! quiet rea* ( ! wat] bel[ ?is bridge1 plies ! little /eam]1 ! ,maid ( ! ,mi/4 ,aft] pass+ ! ugly1 bu/l+ little village gr[+ up ar\nd ! ,am]ican extremity ( ! bridge1 a pa? leads ?r\gh quiet fields & woods along ! v v]ge ( ! precipice4 ,"h & !re "s tree gr[+ ^u ! br9k =ms a safe balu/rade ov] :i* y lean1 & look d[n ^u ! gre5 wat] da%+ furi\sly ?r\gh its conf9$ *annel f> bel[4 8,! :irlpool1 ?ree miles bel[ ! falls1 is an adjunct wor?y ( ,niag>a4 ,! /ream makes a %>p b5d j :]e ! *annel is n>r[e/ & ! desc5t ( ! rapids ! /eepe/4 ,at ! angle ! curr5t has scoop$ out an imm5se bas91 ar\nd ^: :ole circumf]5ce ! wat] circles be=e x c f9d an outlet4 ,all float+ bodies t pass d[n ! riv] are drawn into ! :irlpool1 :]e !y are borne r\nd & r\nd = days1 & weeks sometimes1 x is said1 be=e !y make _! escape4 ,a practicable pa? w9ds d[n ! bank to ! wat]'s edge4 ,! "* ( ! banks gradually *anges z we desc5d t[>d ! outlet ( ! riv]4 ,! h>d lime/one ov]ly+ ! s(t] rock1 & =m+ ! p]p5dicul> portion ( ! cliff1 becomes ?9n]2 ! slop+ talus at ! foot gr[s high]1 & ! rocks are clo!d ) a luxuri\s =e/ gr[?4 ,a half mile bel[ ! :irlpool is a deep cleft 9 ! precipit\s bank1 :i* is connect$ ) a wild ,indian leg5d ascrib+ t]rible convulsions ( nature1 & ev5 ! approa* ( ! fatal :ite m51 to an unau?oriz$ violation ( ! privacy ( a great demon :o once abode "h4 ,?is 0 ! sc5e ( a t]rible trag$y 9 ! old ,fr5* w>s4 ,a convoy ( ,briti% soldi]s fell into an ambu% ( ,indians at ?is po9t1 & 7 all1 ) ! exception ( two1 sla9 outright or driv5 ov] ! edge ( ! *asm4 ,! little rivulet :i* fl[s ov] ! br9k1 ran r$ ) ! blood ( ! slaught]$1 & ?us ga9$ ! "n1 :i* x /ill be>s1 ( ! ,bloody ,run4 8,close by ! ,devil's ,hole1 ! railroad n[ 9 c\rse ( con/ruction f ,lewi/on to ! falls1 ga9s ! level ( ! top ( ! bank4 ,f ?is po9t d[nw>d1 x is excavat$ 9 ! face ( ! cliff1 =m+ a /eep grade to its bottom4 ,an almo/ cont9u\s l9e ( %anties1 occupi$ by ! labor]s engag$ 9 ! excavation1 ext5ds along ! v v]ge ( ! precipice4 ,x 0 curi\s1 z ,i pass$ along 9 ! e>ly ,april days1 to see *ildr5 :om we %\ld sc>cely tru/ out ( ! nurse's arms1 sprawl+ ^u ! v v]ge ( ! cliff4 ,! labor]s are app>5tly all ,iri%1 & x is notewor?y to see h[ mu* m intellig5t is ! aspect ( ! y\ng] ?an ( ! old] *ildr54 ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld di/+ui% by _! m]e physical appe>ance1 ^? :o 7 born "u ! fre] & happi] auspices :i* surr\nd !m "h4 ,at ! foot ( ! cliff ! susp5sion bridge /ret*es l a sl5d] ?read across ! /ream1 its support+ t[]s re/+ on a l$ge above ! level ( ! roadway4 ,no l9e ( gu>ds wat*es ! quiet fronti]s ( two great nations4 ,! sole police is a small boy at ! gate1 & ! only passport dem&$ is a %ill+ = toll4 ,y climb ! smoo? slope to ! summit1 :]e ! %att]$ monum5t to ! noble ,brock is ! only memorial ( ! day :5 ! ?rice-won victory 0 at la/ wr5*$ f ! h&s ( ! ,am]icans4 ,a flock ( %eep are cropp+ ! t5d] h]bage2 a c\ple ( lambs h f\nd a %ady re/+-place 9 ! crumbl+ ar*way ( ! monum5t4 ,to ! "r ! :ite village ( ,lewi/on pres5ts an aspect ( bu/l+ activity2 :ile to ! left1 on ! opposite ,canadian %ore1 ,que5/[n re/s gray & somb]4 ,at y\r feet1 j bel[ ! dilapidat$ memorial ( w>1 ! bridge1 symbol ( union1 b9ds ! two %ores3 may x nev] be a pa?way = ! m>* ( ho/ile armies6 8,!re are two or ?ree ?+s 9 ! way ( excursion :i* mu/ soon] or lat] be p]=m$4 ,"s bright aft]noon1 :5 ! we/ is all agl[1 z y sit ^u ,table ,rock1 wat*+ ! cl\ds ( spray mom5tly torn f ! face ( ! desc5d+ column1 ! guide ) ! holl[ voice1 ^: mission is to conduct visitors beh9d ! great %eet1 pres5ts himself4 ,y commit y\rself to 8 guidance1 & donn+ ! suit ( yell[ oil-sk91 foll[ him d[n ! spiral /aircase1 along ! base ( ! precipice up to ! v]ge ( ! cat>act4 ,y %udd]1 & hesitate to ent] ! bl9d+ spray along t w9d+ pa?1 :i* seems 9 ! dimness l a sl5d] l9e drawn ^u ! face ( ! rock4 ,! guide :isp]s a ^w ( enc\ragem5t1 deftly ins9uat+ h[ boldly #8! lady' trod its slipp]y l5g?4 ,y take c\rage & advance4 ,y c sc>cely brea!1 mu* less see2 b y feel t ! torr5t is plung+ f ! immeasurable hight above into ! unfa?omable dep? bel[4 ,someh[1 h[ y h>dly "k1 y h pass$ ?r\gh ! ?ick curta9 ( bl9d+ spray1 & are pe]+ eag]ly into ! gray dep? beyond4 ,y are on ,t]m9ation rock1 & fur!r ?an ?is mortal foot may nev] p5etrate )9 ! vail4 ,:i*ev] way y turn1 x is all cold gray mi/1 %r\d+ ! ov]hang+ rock & ! ov]>*+ wat] above1 & ! pr(\nd dep?s bel[2 all mi/1 cold gray mi/ above1 bel[1 ar\nd1 except :5 y turn y\r eyes back along ! pa? by :i* y ent]$1 :]e y behold a /rip ( gold5 sky betwe5 ! grim rock & ! edge ( ! desc5d+ flood4 ,dr5*$ & dripp+1 sp5t & exhau/$1 z a %ipwreck$ sailor flung by ! surf ^u "s inhospitable %ore1 y foll[ y\r guide back along ! mi/y pa?1 & em]ge gladly en\gh into ! cle> out] air1 into ! free sun%9e1 & b5ea? ! bright sky4 ,z y d(f ! heavy oil-sk9 integum5ts1 a pr9t$ pap] is put into y\r h&1 c]tify+ t y #8h be5 "u ! great %eet ( wat]1 ! di/ance ( two hundr$ & =ty feet f ! comm5cem5t ( ! falls to ! t]m9ation ( ,table ,rock1' v]ifi$ by ! signature ( ! proprietor ( #8,table ,rock ,h\se4' ,y\r guide looks on y complac5tly1 z ?\gh he w\ld assure y t ! great end ( life 0 n[ atta9$1 & y might take up y\r #8,nunc dimittis4' 8,or y take y\r place ^u ! deck ( ! ,maid ( ! ,mi/1 h>d by ! susp5sion bridge1 & are /eam$ up to ! foot ( ! cat>act4 ,! little /eam] answ]s b poorly to h] romantic "n4 ,%e sw+s we>ily f h] moor+s1 & goes pant+ & tugg+ up ! curr5t4 ,yet %e manages to hold h] c\rse1 unless ! w9d bl[s too /rong d[n-/ream1 & sl[ly w9s h] way close up to ! huge rocks on :i* ! wat]s ( ! ,am]ican fall are brok5 & %att]$ into ! ?icke/ ( spray4 ,9 t spray a %>p & angry gu/ ( w9d te>s a sudd5 r5t1 & ?r\gh x y cat* a glimpse ( ! gre5 cre/ ( ! ,horse%oe fall1 s9k+ gr&ly into ! ocean ( vapor bel[4 ,or bett] /ill1 if 9 "s calm moonlight night1 y glide1 ) ! boatman1 along ! foot ( ! ,am]ican fall1 keep+ j outside ( ! d>k l9e ( %ad[1 y w f9d !re is no?+ on e>? s weird & gho/-l z ! spectacle be=e y4 ,! column ( spray rises f ! blackness bel[1 l ! spect] ( "s gigantic tree1 & spreads solemnly up into ! cle> air above4 8,! m]e summ] t\ri/1 h[ev]1 sees b half ! glory ( ,niag>a4 ,9 ! w9t] ! great rocks at ! foot ( ! fall are pil$ up ) an accumulation ( froz5 spray to ! dep? ( half a hundr$ feet4 ,by creep+ cauti\sly up ! slipp]y asc5t1 y may /& face to face ) ! cat>act1 half-way up its giddy hight4 ,e %rub on its m>g9 is load$ ) glitt]+ ice4 ,! ?ick-bran*$ ev]gre5s are b[$ b5ea? its weight1 & b5d to ! gr\nd l enorm\s plumes4 ,! face ( ! cold gray rock is cas$ 9 ! froz5 elem5t1 & ribb$ ) pill>s & pila/]s :i* fla% back ! reflection ( all ! gems 9 ! rays ( ! sun2 & :5 9 a cle>1 uncl\d$ day1 t sun %9es d[n 9 its spl5dor1 ! sc5e is "o ( mat*less magnific5ce & glory40 ,?us we h attempt$ a full description ( ,niag>a2 & yet words seem b feeble to set =? ! magnific5ce & gr&eur ( ! sc5e z x rises to ! view ( ! actual behold]4 ,!re1 9 its va/ volume & resi/less p[]1 x ev] fl[s on ) ceaseless1 pati5t1 unwe>i$ tide4 ,at midnight & noonday1 ?r\gh summ] & w9t]1 & se$-"t & h>ve/1 x is /ill ! same4 ,! dr\ght ( summ] does n s5sibly dim9i%1 or ! fre%ets ( spr+ augm5t its mighty curr5t4 ,! scor*+ sun does n dry x up1 & ! *a9s ( w9t] d n b9d x4 ,emblem ( ,god & ( et]nity1 x rolls on1 speak+ 9 calm sublimity ( ,him :o made x4 ,nor is sublimity ! only *>act]i/ic ( ?is greate/ ( wat]falls4 ,!re are traits ( beauty1 :i* seem ev5 to hight5 ! effect ( its gr&eur4 ,! ra9b[1 ev] play+ 9 sun%9e ov] its awful front1 & seem+ indiff]5t to ! boil+ :irlpool b5ea?2 ! tide ( _m-color$ gems1 into :i* ! spray (t5 seems conv]t$1 z x plunges ov] ! rocks2 ! heaps ( foam1 :ite z wool1 danc+ on ! bill[s t ru% away f ! foot ( ! fall2 & m ?an all1 an aspect ( tranquillity & ( repose1 :i* settles ^u ! :ole sc5e1 :5 view$ at a little di/ance1 are all incid5ts :i* bl5d 9 ! maje/ic picture impr9t$ on ! memory by ?is /up5d\s yet lovely "w ( nature's ,god4 ,! falls ( ,niag>a h be5 ! frequ5t !me ( poetry1 b ! foll[+ l9es by ,bra9>d are deem$ ! f9e/ t h be5 produc$ ^u ! subject4 8,! ?\ghts are /range t cr[d into my bra91 ,:ile ,i look upw>d to !e4 ,x w\ld seem ,z if ,god p\r$ !e f 8 #8holl[ h&1' ,& hung 8 b[ ^u ?9e awful front2 ,& spoke 9 t l\d voice1 :i* seem$ to him ,:o dwelt 9 ,patmos = 8 ,savi\r's sake1 #8,! s\nd ( _m wat]s2' & _h bade ,?y flood to *ronicle ! ages back1 ,& not* ,8 c5turies 9 ! et]nal rocks6 8,deep calle? unto deep1 & :at are we1 ,t he> ! "q ( t voice sublime8 ,oh6 :at are all ! notes t ev] rung ,f w>'s va9 trumpet1 by ?y ?und]+ side6 ,yea1 :at is all ! riot man c make ,9 8 %ort life1 to ?9e unceas+ ro>6 ,& yet1 bold babbl]1 :at art ?\ to ,him1 ,:o dr[n'd a _w1 & heap$ ! wat]s f> ,above its l(tie/ m\nta9s8--a light wave1 ,t breaks & :isp]s ( its ,mak]'s might60 ,,falls ,,( ,,! ,,montmor5ci4 ,! ,montmor5ci empties itself at ! di/ance ( ab\t eight miles nor!a/ ( ,quebec1 into ! great riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 to ! coa/ ( :i* x gradually desc5ds f ! elevat$ m\nta9 on :i* x has its s\rce4 ,at a /ation call$ ,la ,motte1 situat$ on ! nor!rn extremity ( a slop+ gr\nd1 its wat]s diffuse !mselves into %all[ curr5ts1 int]rupt$ by rocks :i* break !m into foam1 & accompani$ by murmur+ s\nds :i* enliv5 ! solitude & solemn /illness prevail+ ?r\gh\t ! surr\nd+ =e/s & desolate hills4 ,fur!r d[n1 its *annel is b\nd$ by precipit\s rocks1 its bread? becom+ extremely contract$1 & ! rapidity ( its curr5t proportionably augm5t$4 ,at a place call$ 8! natural /eps10 !re are sev]al beautiful cascades ( t5 or twelve feet4 ,^! /eps1 :i* are extremely regul>1 h be5 gradually =m$ by ! accession ( wat]s ! riv] receives 9 its progress1 at ! break+ up ( w9t]1 by ! melt+ ( ! sn[s4 ,f ! middle ( ,april to ! end ( ,may1 its wat]s roll ) increas+ hight & rapidity4 ,be+ p[]fully impell$ 9 _! c\rse1 !y ins9uate !mselves betwe5 ! /rata ( ! horizontal rock1 va/ fragm5ts ( :i* are deta*$ by ! ru%+ viol5ce ( ! sweep+ torr5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,falls ,,( ,,montmor5ci4 ,on ! ea/]n side1 ! bank1 :i* is almo/ p]p5dicul>1 & fifty feet high1 is surm\nt$ by l(ty trees4 ,! s\?-we/ bank rises beyond ! /eps1 & t]m9ates 9 a precipice4 ,on ! opposite side1 ! bank is regul>1 & ( a s+ul> %ape1 resembl+ ! ru9 ( an elevat$ wall4 ,! trees by :i* ! banks are inclos$1 unit$ ) ! effect produc$ by ! foam+ curr5ts1 & ! scatt]$ masses ( /one1 =m a sc5e wild & picturesque4 ,! /ream n[ tak+ a s\!rn direction1 is augm5t$ 9 its velocity1 & =ms a gr& cascade int]rupt$ by huge rocks4 ,a qu>t] ( a mile fur!r d[n a simil> effect is produc$4 ,aft] exhibit+ an agreeable v>iety ?r\gh its c\rse1 ! riv] is precipitat$1 9 an almo/ p]p5dicul> direction1 ov] a rock two hundr$ & fifty feet 9 hight4 ,a view ( ?is latt] cascade is giv5 9 ! cut4 ,:]ev] x t\*es ! rock1 x falls 9 :ite cl\ds ( roll+ foam2 &1 b5ea?1 :]e x is propell$ ) un9t]rupt$ gravitation1 x =ms num]\s flakes1 l wool or cotton1 :i* are gradually protract$ 9 ! desc5t1 until !y are receiv$ into ! boil+ pr(\nd abyss b5ea?4 ,! effect f ! summit ( ! cliff is awfully gr&1 & truly sublime4 ,! prodigi\s dep? ( ! desc5t ( ! wat]s ( ?is surpris+ fall2 ! brightness & volubility ( _! c\rse2 ! swiftness ( _! movem5t ?r\gh ! air2 & ! l\d & holl[ noise emitt$ f ! bas91 swell+ ) incessant agitation f ! weight ( ! da%+ wat]s1 =cibly comb9e to attract ! att5tion1 & to impress ! m9d ( ! spectator ) s5tim5ts ( gr&eur & elevation4 ,! cl\ds ( ris+ vapor1 :i* assume ! prismatic colors1 contribute to enliv5 ! sc5e4 ,!y fly (f f ! fall 9 ! =m ( a revolv+ sph]e1 emitt+ ) velocity po9t$ flakes ( spray1 :i* spread 9 rec$+1 until !y are int]rupt$ by ! neighbor+ banks1 or dissolv$ 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,! bread? ( ! fall is "o hundr$ feet2 & ! bas91 :i* is b\nd$ by /eep cliffs1 =ms an angle ( =ty-five degrees4 ,:5 view$ f ! bea*1 ! cat>act is se51 ) respl5d5t beauty1 to fl[ d[n ! gloomy precipice1 ! summit ( :i* is cr[d$ ) woods4 ,! diffusion ( ! /ream1 to ! bread? ( fifte5 hundr$ feet1 & ! v>i\s small cascades produc$ by ! inequalities ( its rocky b$1 on its way to ! riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 display a v s+ul> & pleas+ comb9ation4 ,,! ,,tuccoa ,,fall4 ,?is fall1 9 ,frankl9 c\nty1 ,georgia1 is z yet sc>cely kn[n to ! be/ in=m$ ( our geograph]s1 & is not)/&+ "o ( ! mo/ beautiful t c be conceiv$4 ,x is mu* high] ?an ! great fall ( ,niag>a2 & ! wat] is *>m+ly propell$ ov] a p]p5dicul> rock4 ,:5 ! /ream is full1 x passes d[n ! /eep 9 "o expansive %eet1 magnific5t to behold4 ,,falls ,,( ,,! ,,miss\ri4 ,! mo/ prom95t features ( ?is great riv]1 :i* is f$ by s _m /reams1 hav+ _! s\rces 9 a great v>iety ( soils & climates1 are its wond]ful falls1 rapids & cascades1 ! foll[+ connect$ view ( :i* is ab/ract$ f ! v accurate draught & survey made by ,capta9 ,cl>ke4 ,?is riv] is n9e hundr$ feet wide at ! po9t :]e x receives ! wat]s ( ,m$ic9e riv]1 :i* is f\r hundr$ & "o feet 9 wid?4 ,! unit$ curr5t cont9ues five ?\s&1 f\r hundr$ & twelve feet1 some:at m ?an a mile1 to a small rapid on ! nor? side1 f :i* x gradually wid5s to f\r ?\s&1 two hundr$ feet1 & at ! di/ance ( n9e ?\s& & =ty-two feet1 7ne>ly a mile & ?ree-f\r?s17 rea*es ! head ( ! rapids1 n>r[+ z x approa*es !m4 ,"h ! hills on ! nor?1 :i* _h )drawn f ! bank1 closely bord] ! riv]1 :i*1 = ! space ( a mile1 makes its way ov] ! rocks ) a desc5t ( ?irty feet3 9 ?is c\rse ! curr5t is contract$ to sixte5 hundr$ & =ty feet1 &1 aft] ?r[+ itself ov] a small pit* ( five feet1 =ms a beautiful cascade ( tw5ty-six feet1 five in*es2 ?is does n1 h[ev]1 fall q p]p5dicul>ly1 be+ /opp$ by a "p ( ! rock1 :i* projects at ab\t "o-?ird ( ! di/ance4 ,aft] desc5d+ ?is fall1 & pass+ ! ,cotton-wood isl&1 on :i* ! eagle has fix$ its ne/1 ! riv] goes on = eight ?\s&1 sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty-eight feet1 7m ?an a mile & a half17 ov] rapids & little falls1 ! e/imat$ desc5t ( :i* is ?irte5 feet six in*es1 till x is jo9$ by a l>ge f\nta9 boil+ up und]nea? ! rocks ne> ! edge ( ! riv]1 & fall+ into x ) a cascade ( eight feet4 ,x is ( ! mo/ p]fect cle>ness1 & r ( a blui% ca/2 & ev5 aft] fall+ into ! ,miss\ri x pres]ves its color = half a mile4 ,f ?is f\nta9 ! riv] desc5ds ) increas$ rapidity = ! di/ance ( ?irty-five hundr$ & ?irty-"o feet1 dur+ :i* ! e/imat$ desc5t is five feet3 f ?is1 = a di/ance ( tw5ty-two hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 feet1 ! riv] desc5ds f\rte5 feet sev5 in*es1 includ+ a p]p5dicul> fall ( six feet sev5 in*es4 ,! riv] has n[ become press$ into a space ( f\rte5 hundr$ & n9ete5 feet1 & "h =ms a gr& cat>act1 by fall+ ov] a pla9 rock1 ! :ole di/ance across ! riv]1 to ! dep? ( =ty-sev5 feet1 eight in*es3 aft] recov]+ itself1 ! ,miss\ri !n proce$s ) an e/imat$ desc5t ( ?ree feet1 till at ! di/ance ( sixte5 hundr$ & eighty-?ree feet x aga9 is precipitat$ d[n ! crook$ falls1 n9ete5 feet p]p5dicul>ly2 bel[ ?is at ! m\? ( a deep rav9e1 is a fall ( five feet1 aft] :i*1 = ! di/ance ( sixte5 ?\s& & five feet1 7upw>d ( ?ree miles17 ! desc5t is mu* m gradual1 n be+ m ?an t5 feet1 & !n succe$s a h&some level pla9 = ! space ( tw5ty-n9e hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 feet1 7m ?an half a mile17 ) a comput$ desc5t ( ?ree feet1 mak+ a b5d t[>d ! nor?4 ,!nce x desc5ds1 dur+ sev5ty-n9e hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 ab\t eighte5 feet & a half1 :5 x makes a p]p5dicul> fall ( two feet1 :i* is f\rte5 hundr$ & eighty-five feet beyond ! great cat>act1 9 approa*+ :i* x desc5ds ?irte5 feet1 )9 a di/ance ( ab\t six hundr$ feet1 & ga!r+ /r5g? f its conf9$ *annel1 :i* is only eight hundr$ & =ty feet wide1 ru%es ov] ! fall to ! dep? ( eighty-sev5 feet & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*4 ,aft] rag+ among ! rocks1 & los+ itself 9 foam1 x is compress$ imm$iately into a b$ ( two hundr$ & sev5ty-n9e feet 9 wid?2 x cont9ues = fifty-six hundr$ & t5 feet to ! entrance ( a run or deep rav9e1 :]e !re is a fall ( ?ree feet1 :i*1 jo9$ to ! decl9e ( ! riv] dur+ t c\rse1 makes ! desc5t six feet4 ,z x goes on1 ! desc5t )9 ! next ?irty-n9e hundr$ & sixty feet is only f\r feet2 f ?is1 pass+ a run or deep rav9e1 ! desc5t = sixte5 hundr$ feet is ?irte5 feet3 )9 ?irty-n9e hundr$ & sixty feet1 is a second desc5t ( eighte5 feet2 !nce tw5ty-six hundr$ & =ty feet fur!r1 is a desc5t ( six feet2 aft] :i*1 to ! m\? ( ,portage creek1 a di/ance ( =ty-six hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 ! desc5t is t5 feet4 ,f ?is survey & e/imate x results t ! riv] exp]i5ces a desc5t ( ?ree hundr$ & fifty-two feet 9 ! c\rse ( fifte5 or sixte5 miles1 f ! comm5cem5t ( ! rapids1 to ! m\? ( ,portage creek1 exclusive ( almo/ impassable rapids :i* ext5d = a mile bel[ its entrance4 ,,catskill ,,falls4 ,! ,catskill1 or ,kaut]skill falls1 repres5t$ 9 ! cut bel[1 are 9 ! s\?-we/ "p ( ! t[n ( ,catskill1 ab\t f\rte5 miles f ! village1 & two miles we/ f ,p9e ,or*>d1 a celebrat$ summ] resort on ! br[ ( ! ,catskill m\nta94 ,two ponds1 unit+ _! outlets1 p\r ! /ream ?us =m$1 by falls & rapids 9 a deep rav9e1 to ! pla9 bel[4 ,! fir/ fall is a hundr$ & eighty feet p]p5dicul>2 & ! second1 :i* is )9 a %ort di/ance1 ab\t eighty feet4 ,beh9d ! fir/ fall is an imm5se natural amphi!at]1 into :i* ! visitor c g1 & look ?r\gh ! wat] z x falls f above4 ,! view f ! #8,m\nta9 h\se1' ne> by1 is ext5sive & v>i$4 ,! l&scape1 9 a cle> atmosph]e1 is visible = sixty miles4 ,illu/ration ,,tr5ton ,,falls4 ,among ! mo/ beautiful & romantic cascades ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 may ju/ly be reckon$ ,tr5ton falls1 situat$ ab\t eighte5 miles nor?-ea/ ( ,utica1 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 on ,we/ ,canada creek4 ,"h1 )9 a c\rse ( two miles1 !re are six falls1 ) an aggregate desc5t ( ?ree hundr$ & twelve feet4 ,! sc5]y is ! mo/ wild & picturesque imag9able2 ! /ream fl[+ ?r\gh a n>r[ rav9e1 betwe5 p]p5dicul> walls ( lime/one1 :i* 9 "s places are "o hundr$ & fifty feet high4 ,! pa?way ( ! spectator is mo/ly along ! v m>g9 ( ! *asm :i* =ms ! *annel ( ! ru%+ wat]s1 on a l$ge1 or %elf1 s n>r[ & p]il\s1 t ! head (t5 is giddy f ! sight2 & sometimes x is difficult to su/a9 "o's self4 ,^! cascades are m rem>kable = ! wildness & v>iety ( sc5]y1 ?an = ! volume ( wat] !y pres5t4 ,! hight ( ! pr9cipal fall is e/imat$ at "o hundr$ feet4 ,,wat]fall ,,( ,,s\? ,,africa4 ,! great *a9 ( m\nta9s :i* runs f nor? to s\? ?r\gh ! colony ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 divides into two bran*es1 "o ( :i* /ret*es s\?-ea/1 & ! o!r due s\?4 ,at ! extremity ( ! latt] bran* is 8! wat]fall m\nta910 9 "o ( ! clefts ( :i* a l>ge /ream ( wat] falls f ! high rock above1 & pres5ts1 9 ! w9t] season1 :5 swoll5 by ! ra9s1 a glori\s spectacle4 ,to view ?is fall to advantage1 ! travel] has to climb to a consid]able hight ov] ! /eep & brok5 rocks :i* =m "o side ( ! m\nta91 &1 on rea*+ ! top1 sees x on ! o!r side4 ,its hight is e/imat$ at betwe5 eighty & n9ety feet1 & its bread? at betwe5 ?irty & =ty4 ,adequate t]ms c n be f\nd to describe ! sublimity ( ?is sc5e1 aft] abundant ra9s1 :5 x is 9 its full beauty4 ,9 ! vale b5ea?1 ! wat] is collect$ 9 a va/ & deep bas91 excavat$ 9 ! /one2 & by ! side ( ! /ream is a grotto1 :i* runs )9 ! rock to ! dep? ( betwe5 ?irty & =ty feet4 ,! ar*$ entrance to ?is grotto is close to ! fall+ wat]1 :5 ! /ream is full4 ,! rocks ab\t x are ?ickly gr[n ov] ) %rubs1 :i* are !n spr9kl$ by ! spray4 ,! ,european travel]s :o proce$ f ,cape ,t[n to ! int]ior ( ,s\? ,africa1 seldom fail to make a pilgrimage to ?is en*ant+ spot4 ,,cat>acts ,,( ,,! ,,nile4 ,?is celebrat$ riv]1 ?r\gh its long & f]tile range ( ab\t two ?\s& ,briti% miles1 9 w9d+ ?r\gh abrupt & precipit\s c\ntries1 exhibits v consid]able cat>acts1 t5 or twelve ( :i*1 hav+ a desc5t ( m ?an tw5ty feet1 occur1 be=e x rea*es ! level ( ,egypt4 ,! "o :i*1 by way ( em95ce1 is call$ ! cat>act ( ! ,nile1 0 visit$ by ,mr4 ,bruce1 f ^: relation ! foll[+ p>ticul>s are extract$4 ,at ! di/ance ( half a mile b5ea? ! cat>act1 ! riv] is conf9$ betwe5 two rocks1 ov] :i* a /rong bridge ( a s+le ar* has be5 ?r[n1 & runs into a deep tr\gh1 ) great ro>+1 & an impetu\s velocity4 ,on asc5d+1 ! cat>act pres5ts itself amid groves ( beautiful trees1 & exhibits a mo/ magnific5t & /up5d\s sight1 su* z1 ,mr4 ,bruce obs]ves1 ages1 add$ to ! greate/ l5g? ( human life1 c\ld n efface or eradicate f 8 memory4 ,x /ruck him ) a k9d ( /upor1 & total oblivion ( :]e he 01 z well z ( e sublun>y conc]n4 ,at ! "t ( 8 visit1 ! riv] _h be5 consid]ably increas$ by ra9s1 & fell 9 "o %eet ( wat]1 above half an ,engli% mile 9 bread?1 & to ! dep? ( at lea/ =ty feet1 ) a =ce & noise :i* 7 truly t]rific1 & :i*1 = a "t1 /unn$ him1 & made him giddy4 ,a ?ick fume1 or haze1 cov]$ ! fall 9 e "p1 & hung ov] ! c\rse ( ! /ream bo? above & bel[1 m>k+ its track1 al?\gh ! wat]s 7 n se54 ,! riv]1 al?\gh mu* swoll51 pres]v$ its natural cle>ness1 & fell1 p>tly into a deep pool1 or bas91 9 ! solid rock1 & p>tly 9 tw5ty diff]5t eddies to ! v foot ( ! precipice4 ,9 fall+1 a portion ( ! /ream appe>$ to run back ) great fury on ! rock1 z well z =w>d 9 ! l9e ( its c\rse1 rais+ waves1 or viol5t ebullitions1 :i* *af$ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,,cat>act ,,( ,,! ,,m5d]4 ,! cat>act :i* con/itutes ! s\rce ( ?is riv]1 ! ,scam&] ( ! anci5ts1 is ?us beautifully describ$ by ,doctor ,cl>ke4 8,our asc5t1 z we drew ne> to ! s\rce ( ! riv]1 became /eep & rocky4 ,l(ty summits t[]$ above u1 9 ! greate/ /yle ( alp9e gr&eur2 ! torr5t1 9 its rugg$ b$ bel[1 all ! :ile foam+ on our left4 ,pres5tly we ent]$ "o ( ! sublime/ natural amphi!at]s ! eye ev] beheld2 & "h ! guides desir$ u to alight4 ,! noise ( wat]s sil5c$ e o!r s\nd4 ,huge craggy rocks rose p]p5dicul>ly1 to an imm5se hight2 ^: sides & fissures1 to ! v cl\ds1 conceal+ _! tops1 7 cov]$ ) p9es4 ,^! grew 9 e possible direction1 among a v>iety ( ev]gre5 %rubs2 & enorm\s plane-trees wav$ _! va/ bran*es above ! torr5t4 ,z we approa*$ its deep gulf1 we beheld sev]al cascades1 all ( foam1 p\r+ impetu\sly f *asms 9 ! nak$ face ( a p]p5dicul> rock4 ,x is said ! same magnific5t cat>act cont9ues all seasons ( ! ye>1 :olly unaffect$ by ! casualties ( ra9 or melt+ sn[4 ,hav+ rea*$ ! *asms :5ce ! torr5t issues1 we f\nd1 9 _! front1 a beautiful natural bas91 six or eight feet 9 dep?1 s]v+ z a res]voir = ! wat] dur+ ! fir/ mom5ts ( its emission4 ,x 0 s cle> t ! m9ute/ object might be disc]n$ at ! bottom4 ,! copi\s ov]fl[+ ( ?is res]voir causes ! appe>ance1 to a spectator bel[1 ( diff]5t cascades1 fall+ to ! dep? ( ab\t =ty feet1 b !re is only "o s\rce4 ,beh9d are ! *asms :5ce ! wat] issues4 ,we ent]$ "o ( ^!1 & pass$ into a cav]n4 ,"h ! wat] appe>$1 ru%+ ) great =ce1 b5ea? ! rock1 t[>d ! bas9 on ! outside4 ,! :ole ( ! rock ab\t ! s\rce 0 cov]$ ) moss2 close to ! bas9 grew hazel & plane trees2 above 7 oaks & p9es2 & all beyond a nak$ & fe>ful precipice40 ,! bold & precipit\s c\ntry ( ! ,alps (f]s a v>iety ( wat]falls & p]p5dicul> torr5ts :i* are well des]v+ ( notice2 m p>ticul>ly ^? 9 ! vic9ity ( ,m\nt ,rosa1 a "p ( ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,pi$mont4 ,! riv] ,oreo1 f$ by num]\s /reams f ,m\nt ,/4 ,go?>d1 ,m\nt ,c5is1 & sev]al bran*es ( ! ,ap5n9es1 =ms1 at ,c]osoli1 a v]tical cascade1 e/imat$ at f\r hundr$ fa?oms1 or tw5ty-f\r hundr$ feet2 :ile ! torr5t ,evanson1 desc5d+ f ano!r "p ( ,m\nt ,rosa1 exhibits a fall ( m ?an two hundr$ fa?oms1 roll+ d[n pebbles ( qu>tz1 ve9$ ) ! gold :i* is occasionally trac$ 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,*all&4 ,! ,cascata del ,m>more1 or ,m>ble ,cascade1 s d5om9at$ f ! m\nta9 d[n :i* ! ,velc9o falls be+ almo/ :olly ( m>ble1 lies ab\t ?ree miles f ,t]ni4 ,9 proce$+ t[>d x1 ! travel] is /ruck ) t]ror on view+ ! precipices1 :i* are ( a romantic hight2 b is suffici5tly rew>d$1 :51 on rea*+ ! summit ( ! m\nta91 he reg>ds ! /up5d\s cat>act1 =m$ by ! riv] z x ru%es f ! m\nta94 ,hav+ rea*$ ! declivity ( its *annel1 ! wat]s desc5d ) a rapid c\rse = a %ort space1 & !n fall f a p]p5dicul> hight ( ?ree hundr$ feet1 break+ aga9/ lat]al rocks1 :i* cause vapors to asc5d mu* high] ?an ! summit ( ! cat>act1 by :i* ! neighbor+ valley receives a p]petual fall ( ra94 ,aft] ?is desc5t1 ! wat]s ru% into ! cavities ( ! rocks1 & !n bur/+ ?r\gh sev]al op5+s1 at l5g? rea* ! b$ ( ! riv]4 ,! gr& cascade ( ! ,anio1 ne> ,tivola1 fl[s d[n ! edge ( a /eep rock2 & at its foot1 ! wat]1 9 a succession ( ages1 has holl[$ grottos ( v>i\s %apes & sizes1 9 a mann] s beautifully picturesque1 z to baffle all description4 ,( ^!1 ! grotto ( ,neptune is ! mo/ celebrat$4 ,ne> to x are ?ree small] cascades1 :i* ru% murmur+ ?r\gh ! ru9s ( ! villa ,mecnas1 d[n ! woody /eep :i* =ms ! opposite bank ( ! riv]1 & pres5t ! pa9t] ) "o ( ! mo/ picturesque views imag9able1 ! =egr\nd v>y+ beautifully at e /ep he takes4 ,9 ,savoy1 ! ,arve fl[s _m miles betwe5 high1 craggy & inaccessible rocks1 :i* appe> to h be5 purposely cleft to give its wat]s a free passage4 ,! surpris+ e*oes & cont9ual s\nds occasion$ by its /reams1 ! trampl+ ( ! horses & mules1 ! halloo+ ( pass5g]s1 c41 are1 9 ^! places1 rev]b]at$ ?ree1 f\r1 & ev5 9 "s p>ts six or sev5 times1 ) a noise s deep & wild1 z to /rike ) t]ror ! travel] :o is unaccu/om$ to !m2 & ! fir+ ( a gun or pi/ol1 is !re m t]rible ?an ! l\de/ claps ( ?und]4 ,a /eep precipice1 ) mon/r\s imp5d+ rocks1 :i* seem ready to fall1 jo9$ to ! ro>+ ( ! riv]1 add l>gely to ! g5]al sublimity4 ,! cat>acts ( ?is riv] are m or less l\d & t]rible1 9 proportion z ! wat]s are m or less swoll5 by ! melt+ sn[s1 ) :i* ! tops ( ! m\nta9s are cov]$4 ,"o 9 p>ticul>1 call$ ! ,nun ( ,arp5a1 falls f a prodigi\sly high rock ) great noise & viol5ce3 its desc5t is said to exce$ elev5 hundr$ feet4 ,9 ,dalmatia1 ! riv] ,cett9a =ms a magnific5t cascade1 call$ by ! inhabitants ,velica ,gubavisa1 to di/+ui% x f a less fall a little bel[4 ,! wat]s precipitate !mselves f a hight ( above "o hundr$ & fifty feet1 =m+ a deep maje/ic s\nd1 :i* is caus$ by ! e*o res\nd+ betwe5 ! /eep & nak$ m>ble banks4 ,_m brok5 fragm5ts ( rocks1 :i* imp$e ! c\rse ( ! riv] aft] its fall1 break ! waves1 & r5d] !m /ill m l(ty & sonor\s4 ,by ! viol5ce ( ! rep]cussion1 _! fro? flies (f 9 small :ite p>ticles1 & is rais$ 9 successive cl\ds1 :i* are scatt]$1 by ! agitation ( ! air1 ov] ! valley4 ,:5 ^! cl\ds asc5d directly upw>d1 ! inhabitants expect ! noxi\s s\?-ea/ w9d call$ ! sirocco4 ,! fall ( ! ,/aub-,ba*1 9 ! valley ( ,laut]brann51 is e/imat$ at n9e hundr$ feet ( p]p5dicul> hight2 & ab\t a league f ,s*affhaus51 at ! village ( ,lauff51 9 ,switz]l&1 is a trem5d\s cat>act ( ! ,rh9e1 :]e t riv] precipitates itself f a rock said to be sev5ty feet 9 hight1 & n less ?an f\r hundr$ & fifty feet broad4 ,9 ,sw$51 ne> ,gott5burgh1 ! riv] ,go?a ru%es d[n f a prodigi\sly high precipice into a deep pit1 ) a dreadful noise1 & ) su* amaz+ =ce1 t ! trees design$ = ! ma/s ( %ips1 :i* are float$ d[n ! riv]1 are usually turn$ upside d[n 9 _! fall1 & %att]$ 9 pieces4 ,!y frequ5tly s9k s f> "u wat]1 z to disappe> = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 half an h\r1 & sometimes = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,! pit into :i* ! torr5t precipitates !m1 is ( a dep? n to be asc]ta9$1 hav+ be5 s\nd$ ) a l9e ( sev]al hundr$ fa?oms1 )\t ! bottom be+ f\nd4 ,9 addition to ! o!r ,nor? ,am]ican cat>acts already describ$1 may be notic$ ! ,passaic falls1 =m$ by ! riv] ,passaic1 :i* dis*>ges itself into ! sea at ! nor!rn extremity ( ! /ate ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,ab\t tw5ty miles f ! m\? ( ?is riv]1 :]e x has a bread? ( ab\t a hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 & runs ) a v swift curr5t1 x rea*es a deep *asm1 or cleft1 :i* crosses its *annel1 & falls ab\t sev5ty feet p]p5dicul>ly 9 an entire %eet4 ,"o end ( ! cleft is clos$ up1 & ! wat] ru%es out ( ! o!r ) incr$ible rapidity1 9 an acute angle to its =m] direction1 & is receiv$ into a l>ge bas94 ,x !nce takes a w9d+ c\rse ?r\gh ! rocks1 & spreads aga9 into a v consid]able *annel4 ,! cleft is f f\r to twelve feet 9 bread?1 & is suppos$ to h be5 produc$ by an e>?quake4 ,! falls ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 on ! riv] ,mississippi1 desc5d f a p]p5dicul> hight ( ?irty feet1 & are ne>ly eight hundr$ feet 9 wid?1 :ile ! %ore on ea* side is a level flat1 )\t any int]v5+ rock or precipice4 ,9 ,engl&1 among ! cat>acts :i* m]it a brief m5tion1 may be cit$ ! "o 9 ,devon%ire1 ne> ! spot :]e ! ,tam] receives ! small riv] ,lid4 ,! wat] !re falls above a hundr$ feet3 x proce$s f a mill at "s di/ance1 & aft] a c\rse on a desc5t ( ne>ly "o hundr$ feet f ! level ( ! mill1 rea*es ! br9k ( ! precipice1 :5ce x falls 9 a mo/ beautiful & picturesque mann]1 &1 /rik+ on a "p ( ! cliff1 ru%es f x 9 a wid] cat>act to ! bottom2 :]e fall+ aga9 ) great viol5ce1 x makes a deep & foam+ bas9 9 ! gr\nd4 ,?is f9e %eet ( wat] causes ! surr\nd+ air at ! bottom to be s impregnat$ ) aque\s p>ticles1 t ^? :o approa* x f9d !mselves 9 a mi/4 ,9 ,cumb]l& !re are sev]al cat>acts2 b ^! are exce$$ 9 beauty by a rem>kable fall ( ! ,tees1 on ! we/]n side ( ! c\nty ( ,durham1 ov] :i* is a bridge susp5d$ by *a9s1 seldom pass$ unless by ! adv5tur\s m9]s4 ,asg>? =ce1 9 ,york%ire1 is likewise a v int]e/+ fall4 ,9 ,scotl&1 ! fall ( ,ey]s1 ne> ,lo* ,ness1 is a va/ cat>act1 9 a d>ksome gl5 ( a /up5d\s dep?4 ,! wat] ru%es b5ea?1 ?r\gh a n>r[ gap betwe5 two rocks1 & !nce precipitat+ itself m ?an =ty feet l[] into ! bottom ( ! *asm1 ! foam1 l a great cl\d ( smoke1 rises & fills ! air4 ,! sides ( ?is gl5 are /up5d\s precipices1 bl5d$ ) trees ov]hang+ ! wat]1 ?r\gh :i*1 aft] a %ort space1 ! wat]s dis*>ge !mselves into ! lake4 ,ab\t half a mile to ! s\? ( ?is fall1 is ano!r :i* passes ?r\gh a n>r[ *asm1 ^: sides x has und]m9$ = a consid]able di/ance4 ,ov] ! gap is a true alp9e bridge1 =m$ ( ! trunks ( trees cov]$ ) sods1 f ! middle ( :i* is an awful view ( ! wat] ro>+ b5ea?4 ,9 ,p]?%ire1 ! riv] ,kei? pres5ts a v consid]able cat>act1 ! noise produc$ by :i* is s viol5t z to /un ^? :o approa* x4 ,! we/]n coa/ ( ,ross-%ire is1 h[ev]1 peculi>ly di/+ui%$ by ^! natural wond]s1 among :i* may be cit$ ! gr& cat>act ( ! riv] ,kirkag1 & ! cascade ( ,glamma1 :i* latt] be+ situat$ amid ! con/ant obscurity ( woody hills1 is truly sublime4 ,9 ,irel&1 ! noble riv] ,%annon has a prodigi\s cat>act1 :i*1 at ab\t fifty miles f its m\?1 prev5ts x f be+ long] navigable = vessels ( a l>ge burd54 ,,spr+s ,,& ,,wells4 ,,/4 ,,w9ifr$',s ,,well4 ,holywell1 9 ,fl9t%ire1 is fam\s = ,/4 ,w9ifr$'s well1 "o ( ! f9e/ spr+s 9 ! _w4 ,on acc\nt ( ! sanctity 9 :i* x 0 hold51 x gave "n to ! t[n4 ,?is well p\rs out1 ea* m9ute1 tw5ty-"o tuns ( wat]1 :i*1 runn+ to ! middle ( ! t[n1 d[n ! side ( a hill1 is made use ( by e h\se z x passes1 aft] :i* x turns sev]al mills1 & is employ$ 9 v>i\s manufactures1 :i* greatly increase ! population ( ! place & its neighborhood4 ,ov] ! spr+1 :]e a h&some ba? has be5 erect$1 is a neat *apel1 support$ by pill>s1 & on ! w9d[s are pa9t$ ! *ief ev5ts ( ,/4 ,w9ifr$'s 7or1 z x 0 anci5tly writt51 ,w5efr$e's7 life4 ,ab\t ! well gr[s moss1 :i* ! ignorant & sup]/iti\s devotees mo/ /upidly imag9e to be ,/4 ,w9ifr$'s hair4 ,?is sa9t is report$ to h be5 a virg9 m>tyr1 :o liv$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 &1 z ! leg5d says1 0 ravi%$ & behead$ 9 ?is place by a pagan tyrant2 ! spr+ hav+ miracul\sly ris5 f h] blood4 ,h5ce ?is ba? 0 mu* frequ5t$ by popi% pilgrims1 out ( devotion1 z well z by ^? :o came to ba! 9 x = m$ic9al purposes4 ,mr4 ,p5nant says1 8,! cu/om ( visit+ ?is well 9 pilgrimage1 & (f]+ up devotions !re1 is n yet entirely laid aside3 9 ! summ] a few are to be se5 9 ! wat]1 9 deep devotion1 up to _! *9s = h\rs1 s5d+ up _! pray]s1 or p]=m+ a numb] ( evolutions r\nd ! polygonal well40 ,x might h be5 suppos$ t ! pres5t enlight5$ age w\ld h be5 secure aga9/ a repetition ( impo/ures ( ?is k9d2 b ,doctor ,miln]1 a ,ca?olic bi%op1 ( ,wolv]hampton1 took mu* pa9s to p]suade ! _w t an ignorant proselyte1 ( ! "n ( ,w9efrid ,:ite1 0 !re cur$ ( v>i\s *ronic diseases1 s late z ! ye> #ahjd1 by a miracle4 ,sir ,ri*>d ,phillips1 hav+1 9 ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 ref]r$ ?is pret5d$ miracle to ! kn[n effect ( /rong fai? on ignorant m9ds1 9 any propos$ means ( cure1 0 attack$ by ! ,ca?olic cl]gy = 8 incr$ulity2 b 9 numb] ?ree hundr$ & two1 ( ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 he replies 9 ! foll[+ words4 8,we h no d\bt :atev] t ,w9efrid ,:ite 0 cur$ by h] j\rney to ,holywell1 & by ba?+ 9 ! wond]ful natural spr+ at t place2 b we are n cr$ul\s en\gh to believe t h] cure 0 effect$ by any antagoni/ prop]ties ( ! wat] to ! cause ( h] disease2 nor impi\s en\gh s to sport ) et]nal omnipot5ce1 z to ass]t t a caprici\s susp5sion ( ! laws ( nature took place = ?is purpose4 ,on ! contr>y1 we believe t ! poor woman 0 cur$ by causes well kn[n to e m$ical practition]1 & prov$ 9 hundr$s ( record$ in/ances2 t is to say1 by h] fai? 9 ! means propos$ = h] cure1 wr\ght to ! highe/ pit* by h] religion1 & by ! assurances ( ^? to :om %e 0 accu/om$ to def]4 ,we ?9k1 nev]!less1 t ! publication ( ?is #8case ( ,w9efrid ,:ite1' savors /rongly ( religi\s empiricism1 & is exactly analog\s to ! #8cases ( cure' :i* we e day see adv]tis$ 9 all ! newspap]s4 ,we refra9 f treat+ ! subject !ologically1 yet x appe>s to u t ,mat!w xxiv4 #bd1 proves t #8signs & wond]s' are n only no evid5ce ( div9e int]position1 b may be us$ ev5 by #8false prophets1 s z to deceive ! v elect4' ,! cont9uance ( miracul\s p[]s w be f\nd1 we suspect1 to dep5d on o!r circum/ances ?an ! date ( ! ye>4 ,!y disappe> :]ev] ! pr9t+-press beg9s to be freely us$1 &1 by its ag5cy1 fixes all ! circum/ances t att5d !m2 & !y /ill cont9ue to fl\ri% :]ev] ! hi/ory ( ! circum/ances dep5ds = any p]iod on traditional evid5ce4 ,miracles are1 !re=e1 p]=m$ 9 abundance1 ev5 9 our days1 among ! negroes1 ! ,hott5tots1 ! ,caffres1 ! ,t>t>s1 ! ,s\? ,sea isl&]s1 & ! ,indians ( ! two ,am]icas4 ,! la/ we believe on record are to be f\nd 9 ! ,hon4 ,m4 ,elph9/one's publi%$ embassy to ,cabul 9 #ahjh3 he /ates t ! sick 7 c>ri$ aft] him _m days' j\rney2 &1 at page tw5ty-eight1 he says3 #8,"s ?\ght we c\ld raise ! dead2 & !re 0 a /ory curr5t1 t we _h made & animat$ a wood5 ram at ,mooltaun2 t we _h sold him z a ram2 & t x 0 n till ! pur*as] began to eat him1 t ! mat]ial ( :i* he 0 made 0 discov]$4' ,we =be> to press ! subject fur!r40 ,,wigan ,,well4 ,ab\t a mile f ,wigan1 9 ,lanca%ire1 is a spr+1 ! wat] ( :i* burns l oil4 ,on apply+ a light$ c&le to ! surface1 a l>ge flame is sudd5ly produc$1 & burns vigor\sly4 ,a di%ful ( wat] hav+ be5 tak5 up at ! "p :5ce ! flame issues1 & a light$ c&le held to x1 ! flame goes out2 not)/&+ :i* ! wat] 9 ?is "p boils & rises up l wat] 9 a pot on ! fire1 b does n feel w>m on introduc+ ! h&4 ,:at is /ill m extraord9>y1 on mak+ a dam1 & prev5t+ ! fl[+ ( fre% wat] to ! ignit$ "p1 t :i* 0 already !re hav+ be5 dra9$ away1 a burn+ c&le be+ appli$ to ! surface ( ! dry e>? at ! same po9t :]e ! wat] be=e burn$1 ! fumes take fire1 & burn ) a respl5d5t light1 ! cone ( ! flame asc5d+ a foot & a half f ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,x is n discolor$1 l t ( sulphure\s bodies1 nei!r has x any manife/ smell1 nor d ! fumes1 9 _! asc5t1 betray any s5sible heat4 ,! latt] unque/ionably consi/ ( inflammable air1 or hydrog5 gas2 & x ought to be obs]v$ t ! :ole ( ! c\ntry ab\t ,wigan1 = ! compass ( sev]al miles1 is und]laid ) coal4 ,?is ph5om5on may !re=e be ref]r$ to ! same cause :i* occasion$ ! dreadful explosion ( ,fell+ colli]y2 b 9 ! pres5t case1 ?is de/ructive gas1 in/ead ( be+ p5t up 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 accompanies ! wat] 9 its passage to ! surface4 ,,dropp+ ,,well ,,at ,,kn>esbor\gh4 ,?is dropp+ well1 or petrify+ spr+1 rises at ! foot ( a lime/one rock1 at an inconsid]able di/ance f ! bank ( ! riv] ,nidd4 ,! spr+1 aft] runn+ ab\t sixty feet1 divides1 & spreads itself ov] ! top ( ! rock1 :5ce x trickles v fa/1 f ?irty or =ty places1 into a *annel holl[$ = ! purpose1 z se5 9 ! cut1 ea* drop produc+ a musical k9d ( t9kl+1 probably ow+ to ! concavity ( ! rock1 :i*1 b5d+ 9 a circul> projection f ! bottom to ! top1 occasions its br[ to ov]hang ab\t fifte5 feet4 ,?is rock1 :i* is ab\t ?irty feet 9 hight1 =ty-eight 9 l5g?1 & f ?irty to fifty 9 bread?1 />t$1 9 ! ye> #agjd1 f ! common bank1 & left a *asm1 f five to n9e feet wide1 ov] :i* ! wat] passes by an aqu$uct =m$ = ! purpose4 ,x is clo!d ) ev]gre5 & o!r %rubs1 :i* add greatly to ! beauty ( ?is v int]e/+ sc5e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dropp+ ,,well ,,at ,,kn>esbor\gh4 ,! wat] is said to ab\nd ) f9e p>ticles ( a nitr\s e>?1 :i* x deposits1 b :5 9 a languid motion only1 & leaves its incru/ations on ! leaves1 moss1 c41 :i* x meets )1 9 trickl+ ?us sl[ly ?r\gh ! cavities ( ! rock4 ,?is spr+ is e/imat$ to s5d =? tw5ty gallons ( wat] 9 a m9ute4 ,"h are to be se5 pieces ( moss1 bird's ne/s ) _! eggs1 & a v>iety ( o!r objects1 "s ( !m v curi\s :i* h be5 incru/$ or petrifi$ by ! wat]4 ,,broseley ,,spr+4 ,?is celebrat$ boil+ spr+1 or well1 at ,broseley1 9 ,%rop%ire1 0 discov]$ 9 ! mon? ( ,june1 #agaa4 ,x 0 fir/ ann\nc$ by a t]rible noise 9 ! night1 !re hav+ be5 a rem>kable ?und]-/orm4 ,sev]al p]sons :o resid$ 9 ! vic9ity hav+ be5 awak5$ 9 _! b$s by ?is l\d & rumbl+ noise1 arose1 & proce$+ to a bog "u a small hill1 ab\t two hundr$ y>ds f ! riv] ,sev]n1 p]ceiv$ a surpris+ commotion & %ak+ ( ! e>?1 & a little boil+ up ( wat] ?r\gh ! grass4 ,!y took a spade1 & digg+ up a portion ( ! e>?1 ! wat] imm$iately flew up to a great hight1 & 0 set on fire by a c&le :i* 0 pres5t$ to x4 ,to prev5t ! spr+ f be+ de/roy$1 an iron ci/]n has be5 plac$ ov] x1 provid$ ) a cov]1 & a hole 9 ! c5t]1 ?r\gh :i* ! wat] may be view$4 ,if a light$ c&le1 or any burn+ sub/ance1 be pres5t$ to ?is ap]ture1 ! wat] in/antly takes fire1 & burns l _s ( w9e1 cont9u+ to d s z long z ! air is kept f x2 b on remov+ ! cov] ( ! ci/]n1 x quickly goes out4 ,! app>5t boil+ & asc5t ( ! wat] ( ?is spr+1 are /ill m obvi\sly ! result ( hydrog5 gas1 or inflammable air1 ?an 9 ! prec$+ in/ance ( ,wigan well4 ,,hot ,,spr+s ,,( ,,/4 ,,mi*ael4 ,9 ! ea/]n "p ( ?is isl&1 7"o ( ! ,azores17 is a r\nd1 deep valley surr\nd$ by high m\nta9s1 9 :i* are _m hot spr+s2 b ! mo/ rem>kable is t call$ ! ,caldeira1 situat$ 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! valley on a small em95ce by ! side ( a riv]1 on :i* is a bas9 ab\t ?irty feet 9 diamet]1 :]e ! wat] cont9ually boils ) prodigi\s fury4 ,a few y>ds di/ant f x1 is a cav]n 9 ! side ( a bank1 9 :i* ! wat] boils 9 a dreadful mann]1 ?r[+ out a ?ick1 muddy1 unctu\s wat]1 sev]al y>ds f its m\?1 ) a hide\s noise4 ,9 ! middle ( ! riv] are sev]al places :]e ! wat] boils ) s int5se a heat1 t a p]son c n dip 8 f+] into x )\t be+ scald$4 ,on its banks are sev]al ap]tures1 out ( :i* ! /eam rises to a consid]able hight1 & is s hot t x c n be approa*$ by ! h&4 ,9 o!r p>ts1 ! spectator w\ld be l$ to suppose t ! bell[s ( a hundr$ =ges 7 bl[+ 9 conc]t2 :ile sulphure\s /reams issue out 9 a ?\s& places4 ,! bu%es ev51 ne> ^! spots1 are cov]$ ) pure brim/one1 cond5s$ f ! /eam :i* issues f ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! small cav]ns :5ce ! /eam issues1 _m ( ! inhabitants prep>e _! food4 ,,hot ,,spr+s ,,( ,,! ,,troad4 ,! ,troad1 a c\ntry ( ,phrygia1 9 ,asia ,m9or1 ( :i* ,troy 0 ! capital1 ab\nds ) hot spr+s2 ! mo/ int]e/+ "o ( :i* is ?us describ$ by ,doctor ,cl>ke4 ,x is situat$ ne> a place call$ ,bon>ba%y1 signify+ lit]ally 8! head ( ! spr+s10 & gu%es p]p5dicul>ly out ( ! e>?1 ris+ f ! bottom ( a m>ble & granite res]voir1 & ?r[+ up z mu* wat] z ! fam\s f\nta9 ( ,holywell1 9 ,wales4 ,its surface seems vehem5tly boil+2 &1 dur+ cold wea!r1 ! cond5s$ vapor above x causes ! appe>ance ( a cl\d ( smoke ov] ! well4 ,:ile ! m]cury /ood at =ty-six degrees 9 ! op5 air1 x rose1 :5 ! !rmomet] 0 plung$ 9 ! wat]1 to sixty-two degrees4 ,not)/&+ ! w>m? ( ?is spr+1 fi%es 7 se5 sport+ 9 ! res]voir4 ,9 e "p ( ! di/rict ?r\gh :i* ! ,m5d] fl[s1 f ,ida to ! ,hellespont1 are _m ( ^! spr+s1 ( diff]5t degrees ( temp]ature4 ,! ,geys]s h already be5 describ$1 9 treat+ ( ,m\nt ,hecla1 & its surpris+ volcano4 ,9 foll[+ up ! details ( ! ph5om5a ( ?is nature giv5 above1 by a brief notice ( o!r bubbl+1 tepid & boil+ spr+s1 x may n be improp] to premise t heat1 wat] & vapors ( v>i\s k9ds1 exi/ 9 prodigi\s quantities b5ea? ! surface ( ! e>?2 & frequ5tly1 z has be5 se5 9 ! ph5om5a ( volcanoes & e>?quakes1 bur/ =? f enorm\s op5+s1 ) trem5d\s de/ruction4 ,x (t5 happ5s1 h[ev]1 t ! op5+s are small & por\s1 & t ! vapors asc5d+ ?r\gh !m1 are simply comb9$ ) wat]4 ,h5ce t almo/ inf9ite v>iety 9 ! *>act]s ( ^! spr+s1 f\nta9s & lakes1 ! wat]s ( :i* are comb9$ ) extrane\s sub/ances4 ,9 "s cases ! cla/ic gases1 or vapors1 asc5d f specific levity alone1 & are de/itute ( all ta/e & odor2 insomu* t spr+s are f\nd :i* bubble )\t boil+1 or betray+ heat or any o!r =eign quality4 ,9 o!r cases !y are /rongly impregnat$ ) heat2 & are !n ei!r tepid or boil+1 accord+ to ! proportion ( extricat$ caloric !y conta94 ,occasionally1 :e!r hot or cold1 !y are bl5d$ ) metallic1 sulphure\s1 sal9e1 & o!r sub/ances1 & h5ce assume ! "n ( m9]al wat]s2 :ile1 if ! sub/ance ?us dissolv$ be combu/ible1 z naph?a1 bitum51 or turp5t9e1 ! f\nta9 w (t5 inflame & burn on ! application ( a light$ tor*4 ,! wat] ( ! not$ boil+ spr+ at ,p]\l1 ne> ,montpeli]1 is obs]v$ to heave & boil up v furi\sly 9 small bubbles1 :i* manife/ly proce$ f a vapor break+ out ( ! e>?1 & ru%+ ?r\gh ! wat]1 s z to ?r[ x up ) noise1 & 9 _m bubbles2 = on digg+ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! dit* :]e ! spr+ lies1 & p\r+ fre% wat] on ! dry spot newly dug1 ! same boil+ is imm$iately obs]v$4 ,a simil> bubbl+ ( ! wat] is likewise f\nd ne> ,p]\l1 on ! sea%ore4 ,9 sev]al dry places ne> ! spr+1 are small v5tiducts1 passages or clefts1 :5ce /eam issues2 & at ! m\?s ( ^! passages1 small light bodies1 su* z fea!rs1 pieces ( /raw1 leaves1 c41 be+ plac$1 are soon bl[n away4 ,?is vapor1 on ! application ( a light$ c&le or tor*1 does n flame or take fire1 z is ! case ) t ( ! boil+ spr+ at ,wigan2 s t !re are two diff]5t sorts ( /eam1 to occasion ^! boil+s1 at ! same "t t nei!r ( ! f\nta9s is m$ic9al1 or ev5 w>m4 ,o!r boil+ wat]s1 ( a v diff]5t temp]ature1 possess1 l ^? ( ! hot spr+s ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 a suffici5t degree ( heat to boil eggs1 & to s]ve = o!r cul9>y purposes4 ,among ^! may be in/anc$ ^? ( ! ,solfat>a1 ne> ,naples2 ^? on ! summit ( ,m\nt ,zebio1 9 ! ,mod5ese t]ritory2 & ^? :i* con/itute ! s\rce ( ! imp]ial ba? at ,aix la ,*apelle4 ,9 ,japan1 a hot spr+ is said to bur/ =? :i* con/antly ma9ta9s ! boil+-po9t1 & ! wat] ( :i* reta9s its heat mu* long] ?an common wat]4 ,x does n fl[ regul>ly1 b dur+ an int]val ( two h\rs ea* day2 & ! =ce & viol5ce ( ! vapors are !n s great1 t l>ge /ones are eject$1 & rais$ to ! hight ( t5 or twelve feet1 ) a noise l t ( ! explosion ( a piece ( artill]y4 ,f ! ph5om5a :i* h be5 adduc$1 x appe>s t ! exhalations con/antly escap+ f ! va/ subt]rane\s magaz9es 9 :i* !y are prep>$1 v>y greatly 9 _! qualities & effects4 ,"s are cold & dry1 resembl+ air or w9d1 z ^? ne> ,p]\l1 & 9 ! cavities ( m\nta9s1 especially ^? ( olus & o!r hills ( ,italy1 z well z 9 p>ticul> m9es4 ,o!rs are inflammable1 & ( a bitum9\s nature1 ?\gh n positively w>m1 z ^? ( ,wigan well4 ,o!rs are v hot1 sulphure\s & sal9e1 m especially ^? ( ! natural /oves1 sweat+-vaults1 grottos1 ba?s & volcanoes ne> ,naples1 ,bai1 ,cuma & ,pozzuoli1 z also 9 "s ( ! subt]rane\s works at ,rome4 ,& o!rs1 aga91 are ( an ars5ical1 or o!r noxi\s quality1 z ^? ( ! ,grotta del ,cane4 ,n[1 ^! v>i\s /reams meet+ )1 & runn+ ?r\gh wat]1 mu/ occasion 9 x a great v>iety ( ph5om5a & effects4 ,x is obs]v$ by ,doctor ,?omson1 9 8 hi/ory ( ! ,royal ,society1 t ! hot spr+ at ,ba?1 has cont9u$ at a temp]ature high] ?an t ( ! air = a p]iod ( n less ?an two ?\s& ye>s1 al?\gh x is s f> di/ant f any volcano1 t1 )\t a v viol5t & improbable ext5sion ( ! ag5cy ( volcanic fires1 x c n be ascrib$ to !m4 ,!re are v>i\s decompositions ( m9]al bodies1 :i* g5]ate consid]able heat2 or1 to speak m prop]ly1 wat] is itself ! decompos$ sub/ance g5]at+ heat by its decomposition4 ,! evolution ( azotic gas is a pro( t ! heat ( ! ,ba? wat]s is ow+ to a p>ticul> decomposition :i* takes place )9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,! greate/ heat ( ^! wat]s is "o hundr$ & sixte5 degrees ( ,fahr5heit's scale2 b t ( ! m9]al wat]s ( ,c>lsbad1 9 ,bohemia1 asc5ds to "o hundr$ & sixty-five degrees4 ,!re are sev]al curi\s spr+s :i* are wor?y ( notice 9 ?is connection1 ?\gh some:at v>y+ f ! class ?us f> m5tion$4 ,"o ( ^! 0 rec5tly discov]$ 9 ,cali=nia1 ab\t fifty miles ea/ ( ,san ,felipe1 9 ,san ,diego c\nty4 ,x 0 discov]$ by a p>ty engag$ 9 survey+ ! public l&s1 & consi/s ( a collection ( f\nta9s or spr+s ( soda wat]1 situat$ 9 a s&y pla9 or depression ( ! surface ( ! des]t4 ,! spr+ is 9 a m\nd ( symmetrical %ape1 tap]+ l a sug>-loaf1 9 ! c5t] ( ! top ( :i* is a hole1 app>5tly unfa?omable1 conta9+ ! c>bonat$ bev]age fre% f "s natural laboratory bel[4 ,"s ( ^! m\nds are six feet high1 & clo!d ) a gre5 & luxuriant coat ( grass1 :ile o!rs are %ap$ l an inv]t$ b[l1 & fr+$ by a gr[? ( cane4 ,! wat] is describ$ z hav+ ! same sp>kl+ & eff]vesc+ quality z t ord9>ily sold by apo!c>ies1 & 0 drunk ) avidity by bo? ! m5 & animals belong+ to ! p>ty discov]+ x4 ,:5 impregnat$ ) acid ( any k9d1 x produc$ in/ant eff]vesc5ce1 & 9 t =m 0 peculi>ly refre%+ z a dr9k4 ,ano!r s+ul> spr+ has also be5 discov]$ on ! way f ! ,great ,salt lake1 to ,los ,angelos1 ?r\gh ! ,cajon pass4 ,! travel] :o gives ! acc\nt ( x says3 8,we _h cross$ ! great des]t )\t any accid5t1 & !n camp$ on a /ream ( delici\sly cool wat]1 ab\t twelve to eighte5 in*es wide1 :i* di/ributes itself ab\t half a mile l[] d[n 9 a mead[ cov]$ ) luxuriant grasses4 ,?is camp-gr\nd is call$ by ! ,spani>ds1 #8,las ,vegas4' ,once m we _h pl5ty ( grass = our fatigu$ animals1 & we det]m9$ to re/ "h = ! day4 ,dur+ our j\rney we pass$ a numb] ( des]t$ wagons1 *airs1 c4 ,an ox-tra9 f ,little ,salt lake _h prec$$ ab\t t5 days2 & x 0 n difficult to foll[ _! trail1 = 9 ! space ( "o h\r ,i c\nt$ ! putrid c>casses ( n9ete5 ox5 & horses4 ,:at a lesson to ^? :o v5ture on su* a j\rney unadvis$ly & unprep>$6 ,! /rong nor? w9d :i* blew all day1 rais$ a cl\d ( du/ :i* almo/ bl9d$ me1 al?\gh ,i _h goggles & a gre5 vail to protect my eyes2 h[ev]1 ! delightful & refre%+ wat] ( ?is oasis soon purifi$ me2 & ,i felt1 hav+ cross$ ! des]t1 breakfa/$ & ba!d1 mu* m com=table1 bo? m5tally & physically4 ,! acacia 0 ! only tree on ?is /ream4 ,hav+ rema9$ at ?is camp all "o day1 ! next morn+ we 7 on ! road to ,cottonwood spr+s1 "s tw5ty miles di/ant1 :]e we w\ld f9d wat] & grass1 & !n comm5ce a j\rney ov] ano!r des]t ( fifty-five miles4 ,we foll[$ up ?is little /ream = ab\t ?ree miles1 :5 ! road turn$ a little to ! "r2 b ,i 0 anxi\s to see ! head ( ! /ream1 =1 f ! appe>ance ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 ,i judg$ x to be v ne>4 ,sev]al g5tlem5 & myself cont9u$ up ! /ream1 & aft] a ride ( half a mile1 we came to a l>ge spr+1 ?irty-five feet wide & =ty long1 surr\nd$ by acacias 9 full bloom4 ,we approa*$ ?r\gh an op5+1 & f\nd x to conta9 ! cle>e/ & mo/ delici\s wat] ,i ev] ta/$2 ! bottom appe>$ to be n m ?an two feet f ! surface1 & to consi/ ( :ite s&4 ,"o ( ! p>ty prep>$ himself = a ba?1 & soon 8 body divid$ ! cry/al wat]s4 ,:ile ,i 0 consid]+ :e!r ,i %\ld g 91 ,i he>d him call+ to me t x 0 impossible to s9k1 ! wat] 0 s buoyant4 ,i h>dly believ$ x1 &1 to be able to speak c]ta9ly1 ,i also undress$ & jump$ 94 ,:at 0 my delight & a/oni%m5t to f9d t all my ef=ts to s9k 7 futile4 ,i rais$ my body out ( ! wat]1 & sudd5ly l[]$ myself1 b ,i b\nd$ upw>d z if ,i _h /ruck a spr++-bo>d2 ,i walk$ ab\t ! wat] up to my armpits1 j ! same z if ,i _h be5 walk+ on dry l&4 ,! wat] in/ead ( be+ ab\t two feet deep1 0 ov] fifte51 ! l5g? ( ! longe/ t5t-pole we _h along4 ,x is impossible = a man to s9k ov] 8 head 9 x2 ! s& on ! banks is v f9e & :ite2 ! temp]ature is sev5ty-eight degrees ( ,fahr5heit4 ,i c =m no idea z to ! cause ( ?is s+ul> ph5om5on4 ,great ,salt lake also possesses ?is quality1 b ?is wat] is p]fectly sweet4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any o!r "n ,i h call$ x ,buoyant spr+4 ,i h nev] he>d ( x z possess+ ?is quality1 & %\ld l "s ( ! savants to expla9 ! cause ( buoyancy4 ,we l+]$ 9 ! spr+ = fifte5 m9utes1 :5 we dress$ & resum$ our ride1 highly delight$ & gratifi$ by our exploration4 ,i made draw+s ( ?is spot & surr\nd+ m\nta9s40 ,/ill ano!r s+ul> spr+1 also 9 ,cali=nia1 0 discov]$ by a ,mr4 ,dabney1 :5 bor+ = wat] 9 ,san ,jose4 ,! aug] p5etrat$ ?r\gh a /iff b$ ( clay fifty-eight feet ?ick1 :5 a /ream ( wat] 0 /ruck :i* =c$ itself up ! ap]ture ) unprec$5t$ p[]1 & 9 a volume great]1 x is believ$1 ?an all ! o!r artesian /reams 9 ! neighborhood comb9$4 ,f ?is well alone fl[$ a suffici5cy ( wat] to turn a mill4 ,x boil$ up ) great =ce1 & ran (f 9 a /ream f\r feet wide & six in*es deep4 ,at ! m\? ! curr5t wa%$ out a hole ( sev]al feet wide & v deep4 ,s]i\s appreh5sions 7 ent]ta9$1 :5 ! /ream fir/ bur/ =?1 t x w\ld be impossible to control x4 ,! wat] 0 cold & delightful1 & x 0 e/imat$ t ! spr+ w\ld be suffici5t to supply ! :ole city pl5tifully4 ,reciprocat+ f\nta9s1 or spr+s1 may be cit$ among ! mo/ curi\s ph5om5a ( nature4 ,an irregul>ity ( fl[ is n uncommon 9 boil+ spr+s2 b !re are o!r spr+s :i* ev9ce a p]iodical influx & reflux1 almo/ z regul> z ! tides ( ! ocean4 ,^! *anges1 x w be se51 frequ5tly occur sev]al times 9 a day1 or ev5 9 an h\r4 ,!y are ascrib$ to v>i\s causes1 ei!r subt]rane\s or sup]ficial2 b 9 g5]al1 spr+s & lakes ( ?is description1 h be5 asc]ta9$ to communicate ) o!rs b5ea?1 ?r\gh pores or ap]tures ( v>i\s diamet]s1 :i* s]ve equally to c>ry (f ! wat]s1 & to supply !m afre%4 ,9 su* cases ! flux & reflux ( ! upp] head ( wat]1 mu/ necess>ily dep5d on ! /ate ( t b5ea?2 & ! causes :i* alt]nately augm5t & dim9i% ! latt]1 mu/ produce a simil> effect on ! =m]4 ,pad]born spr+1 9 ,we/phalia1 disappe>s twice 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 return+ con/antly1 aft] a lapse ( six h\rs1 ) a great noise1 & s =cibly z to drive ?ree mills at a %ort di/ance f its s\rce4 ,! inhabitants call x ! bold]born1 t is1 ! boi/]\s spr+4 ,lay-well spr+1 ne> ,torbay1 is ab\t six feet 9 l5g?1 five 9 bread?1 & ne>ly six in*es deep4 ,! flux & reflux1 :i* are v visible1 are p]=m$ 9 ab\t two m9utes2 :5 ! spr+ rema9s at its l[e/ ebb = ! space ( ab\t ?ree m9utes4 ,9 ?is way x ebbs & fl[s tw5ty times )9 ! h\r4 ,z soon z ! wat] beg9s to rise1 _m bubbles asc5d f ! bottom2 b on its fall+1 ! bubbl+ in/antly ceases4 ,giggleswick spr+1 9 ! ,we/ ,rid+ ( ,york%ire1 lies at ! foot ( a hill ( lime/one1 nam$ ,giggleswick ,sc>4 ,its reciprocations are irregul>1 bo? ) respect to duration & magnitude1 ! int]val ( "t betwe5 any two succe$+ fl[s be+ sometimes great]1 & at o!r times less1 insomu* t a j /&>d ( comp>ison c n be =m$4 ,! rise ( ! wat]1 9 ! /one tr\gh or ci/]n :i* receives x1 dur+ ! "t ( ! well's fl[+1 is equally unc]ta91 v>y+ f "o in* to n9e or t5 in*es1 9 ! c\rse ( a few reciprocations4 ,?is spr+1 l ! prec$+ "o1 dis*>ges bubbles ( air at ! "t ( its fl[+4 ,ne> ! lake ( ,b\rget1 9 ,savoy1 is a reciprocat+ spr+ :i* rises & falls ) a great noise1 b n at /at$ & regul> times4 ,aft] ,ea/]1 its ebb+s & fl[+s are frequ5tly p]ceiv$ six times 9 an h\r2 b 9 dry seasons n m ?an once or twice4 ,x issues f a rock1 & is call$ ,la ,fonta9e de ,m]ville1 ! m>vel\s f\nta94 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,bitum9\s ,,& ,,o!r ,,lakes4 ,,pit* ,,lake ,,( ,,tr9idad4 ,ne> ,po9t la ,braye1 7,t> po9t17 ! "n assign$ to x on acc\nt ( its *>act]i/ic feature1 9 ! isl& ( ,tr9idad1 is a lake :i* at ! fir/ view appe>s to be an expanse ( /ill wat]1 b :i*1 on a ne>] approa*1 is f\nd to be an ext5sive pla9 ( m9]al pit*1 ) frequ5t crevices & *asms fill$ ) wat]4 ,on its be+ visit$ 9 ! autumnal season1 ! s+ul>ity ( ! sc5e 0 s great1 t x requir$ "s "t = ! spectators to recov] !mselves f _! surprise1 s z to exam9e x m9utely4 ,! surface ( ! lake 0 ( an a% color1 & n poli%$ or smoo?1 s z to be slipp]y1 b ( su* a consi/5ce z to be> any weight4 ,x 0 n adhesive1 al?\gh x receiv$ 9 "p ! impression ( ! foot1 & c\ld be trodd5 )\t any tremul\s motion1 sev]al head ( cattle br[s+ on x 9 p]fect security4 ,9 ! summ] season1 h[ev]1 ! surface is mu* m yield+1 & 9 a /ate approa*+ to fluidity1 z is evid5c$ by pieces ( wood & o!r sub/ances1 ?r[n ^u x1 hav+ be5 f\nd envelop$ 9 x4 ,ev5 l>ge bran*es ( trees1 :i* 7 a foot above ! level1 _h1 9 "s way1 become envelop$ 9 ! bitum9\s matt]4 ,! int]/ices1 or *asms1 are v num]\s1 ramify+ & jo9+ 9 e direction2 & be+ fill$ ) wat] 9 ! wet season1 pres5t ! only ob/acle to walk+ ov] ! surface4 ,^! cavities are 9 g5]al deep 9 proportion to _! wid?1 & _m ( !m unfa?omable3 ! wat] !y conta9 is uncontam9at$ by ! pit*1 & is ! abode ( a v>iety ( fi%es4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! *asms is v s+ul>1 ! sides inv>iably %elv+ f ! surface1 s z ne>ly to meet at ! bottom1 & !n bulg+ out t[>d ea* o!r ) a consid]able degree ( convexity4 ,sev]al ( !m h be5 kn[n to close up entirely1 )\t leav+ any m>k or seam4 ,! pit* lake ( ,tr9idad conta9s _m islets cov]$ ) grass & %rubs1 :i* are ! haunts ( birds ( ! mo/ exquisite plumage4 ,its precise ext5t c n1 any m ?an its dep?1 be readily asc]ta9$1 ! l9e betwe5 x & ! neighbor+ soil n be+ well def9$2 b its ma9 body may be e/imat$ at ?ree miles 9 circumf]5ce4 ,x is b\nd$ on ! nor? & we/ sides by ! sea1 on ! s\? by a rocky em95ce1 & on ! ea/ by ! usual argillace\s soil ( ! c\ntry4 ,,mud ,,lake ,,( ,,java4 ,! foll[+ details relative to ! volcanic spr+s ( boil+ mud 9 ,java are extract$ f ! ,p5ang ,gazette4 ,hav+ receiv$ an acc\nt ( a wond]ful ph5om5on 9 ! pla9s ( ,grobogna1 a p>ty set (f1 f ,solo1 9 ,septemb]1 #ahad1 to exam9e x4 ,on approa*+ ! place1 !y saw :at at fir/ appe>$ l ! surf break+ ov] ! rocks1 ) a heavy spray fall+ to ! leew>d4 ,alight+1 !y w5t to ! 8,bluddugs10 z ! ,javanese call !m1 :i* !y f\nd to be an elevat$ pla9 ( mud1 ab\t two miles 9 circumf]5ce1 9 ! c5t] ( :i* imm5se bodies ( s(t mud 7 ?r[n up to ! hight ( t5 or fifte5 feet1 9 ! =m ( l>ge bubbles1 :i* bur/+1 emitt$ great volumes ( d5se :ite smoke4 ,! l>ge/ bubbles1 ( :i* !re 7 two1 rose & bur/ "s sev5 or eight times a m9ute1 ?r[+ up f "o to ?ree tuns ( mud1 ! smell ( ! smoke f :i* 0 v (f5sive1 l ! wa%+s ( a gun-b>rel4 ,x 0 bo? difficult & dang]\s to g ne> ! l>ge bubbles1 z ! surface1 except :]e x _h be5 h>d5$ by ! sun1 0 all a quagmire4 ,!y w5t1 h[ev]1 close to a small bubble1 7! pla9 0 full ( !m1 ( all sizes17 & obs]v$ x = "s "t4 ,x appe>$ to heave & swell1 & :5 ! air )9 _h rais$ x to "s hight1 x bur/1 & ! mud fell d[n 9 conc5tric circles1 & !n rema9$ quiet till aga9 x 0 rais$1 aga9 to bur/2 :i* 0 at int]vals ( f "o to two m9utes4 ,! wat] dra9$ f ! mud 0 collect$ by ! ,javanese1 & be+ expos$ to ! sun deposit$ cry/als ( salt4 ,next morn+ ! p>ty rode to a place 9 ! =e/1 to view a salt lake1 a mud hillock1 & v>i\s boil+ pools4 ,! lake 0 ab\t half a mile 9 circumf]5ce1 ( dirty-look+ wat]1 boil+ up all ov] 9 gurgl+ eddies2 ! wat] be+ cold1 bitt] & salt1 ) an (f5sive smell4 ,! mud hillock1 :i* 0 ne>1 0 ab\t fifte5 feet high1 9 ! =m ( a cone1 ) a base ( eighty1 & a top ( eight feet diamet]4 ,! top 0 op51 & ! int]ior1 :i* 0 full ( boil+ & heav+ mud1 0 f\nd to be elev5 fa?oms deep4 ,e rise ( ! mud 0 att5d$ by a rumbl+ noise f )92 & ! mud 0 m liquid ?an at ! bluddugs1 & unatt5d$ by smoke4 ,ne> ! foot ( ?is hillock 0 a small pool ( wat]1 l t ( ! lake1 boil+ viol5tly2 & "s two hundr$ y>ds di/ant1 two l>g] pools or spr+s ( ! same g5]al description1 ! smell ( :i* 0 v (f5sive1 & ! boil+ ( :i* c\ld be he>d at q a di/ance1 resembl+ ! noise ( a small wat]fall4 ,! wat] bo? ( ! bluddugs & ( ! lake1 is us$ m$ic9ally by ! ,javanese1 & also1 z /at$ above1 = ! mak+ ( salt1 :i* is ga!r$ 9 consid]able quantities1 & ! gov]nm5t income f :i* adds n a little to ! public rev5ues4 ,! g5]al cause ( ! ph5om5a "h witness$1 is suppos$1 beyond all "q1 to be volcanic2 ! salt wat] be+ ?r[n up by ?is ag5cy 9 a heat$ /ate1 & ?us m+l+ ) ! soil to produce ! boil+ & heav+ mud above describ$4 ,,salt ,,lake ,,( ,,utah4 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( lakes1 spr+s1 c41 we mu/ n omit to m5tion ! ,great ,salt lake ( ,utah t]ritory1 :i* has be5 gaz$ ^u ) int]e/ by _m an emigrant1 pass+ ) 8 family1 z repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ cut1 to 8 f> we/]n home4 ,?is lake lies 9 a region ab\nd+ ) sc5]y ( unrival$ magnific5ce & beauty4 8,desc5d f ! m\nta9s10 says a late writ]1 8:]e y h ! sc5]y & climate ( ,switz]l&1 to seek ! sky ( y\r *oice among ! _m climates ( ,italy1 & y may f9d1 well+ out ( ! same hills1 ! freez+ spr+s ( ,mexico1 & ! hot spr+s ( ,icel&1 bo? toge!r c\rs+ _! way to ! great salt sea 9 ! pla9 bel[4 ,! pages ( ,malte ,brun provide me ) a less tru?ful p>allel to x1 ?an ^? :i* describe ! happy valley ( ,rasselas1 or ! cont95t ( ,balnib>bi4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is int]e/+ region1 ! mo/ rem>kable object is ! ,great ,salt lake3 :i*1 9 ! saltness ( its wat]s1 9 ! circum/ance ( its hav+ no outlet1 & be+ f$ f ano!r & small] lake ( fre% wat]1 7) :i* x is connect$ by a /ream :i* has appropriately be5 call$ ! ,jordan17 & 9 ! rugg$ "* ( "s portions ( ! surr\nd+ region1 be>s a rem>kable resemblance to ! ,dead sea ( ,pale/9e4 ,in/ead1 h[ev]1 ( ly+ "o ?\s& feet bel[1 x is m ?an f\r ?\s& feet above ! level ( ! sea2 & its wat]s1 be+ an almo/ pure solution ( common salt1 are free f ! pung5t & nause\s ta/e :i* *>act]izes ^? ( ! ,dead sea4 ,?is lake is ab\t sev5ty miles long1 & ?irty miles wide1 & is s int5sely salt t no liv+ ?+ c exi/ 9 x2 & by evaporation 9 hot wea!r1 x leaves on its %ores a ?ick incru/ation ( salt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,emigrant ,,family4 ,"s tw5ty-five miles s\? ( ?is1 & connect$ ) x by ! riv] ,jordan1 z m5tion$ above1 is ,utah lake1 a body ( fre% wat]1 "s ?irty-five miles 9 l5g?1 :i* ab\nds ) tr\t & o!r fi%4 ,& "s sev5 hundr$ feet high] /ill1 is ,pyramid lake1 on ! slope ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada m\nta9s1 s nam$ f a s+ul> pyramidal m\nt ris+ f its transp>5t wat]s to ! hight ( "s six hundr$ feet2 & wall$ 9 by almo/ p]p5dicul> precipices1 9 "s places ?ree ?\s& feet high4 ,"s di/ance f "h1 too1 are ! boil+ spr+s1 describ$ by ,fremont1 ! l>ge/ bas9 ( :i* is sev]al hundr$ feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & has a circul> space at "o end "s fifte5 feet 9 diamet]1 entirely occupi$ ) ! boil+ wat]4 ,a pole sixte5 feet 9 l5g?1 0 entirely subm]g$ on ?ru/+ x d[n ne> ! c5t]2 & ! temp]ature ( ! wat] ne> ! edge 0 two hundr$ & six degrees4 ,9 ?is vic9ity also1 are appe>ances simil> to ! mirages ( ! great des]ts ( ! old _w4 ,9 travel+ ov] ! salt des]ts ( ! ,fremont bas91 8 p>ty saw !mselves reflect$ 9 ! air1 probably1 z ,fremont himself sugge/s1 f ! sal9e p>ticles float+ 9 ! atmosph]e1 & 9 "s way affect+ its refract+ p[]4 ,! entire region1 is "o ( great wildness & gr&eur4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,atmosph]ical ,,ph5om5a4 ------------------------------------ ,,meteors4 ,f look to look1 contagi\s ?r\gh ! cr[d ,! panic runs1 & into wond'r\s %apes ,! appe>ance ?r[s3 armies 9 meet array1 ,?rong$ ) a]ial spe>s & /e$s ( fire2 ,till ! long l9es ( full-ext5d$ w> ,9 ble$+ fight commixt1 ! sangu9e flood ,rolls a broad slaught] o'er ! pla9s ( heav54 ,z ?us !y scan ! vision>y sc5e1 ,on all sides swells ! sup]/iti\s d94 ,incont95t2 & busy fr5zy talks ,( blood & battle2 cities ov]turn$1 ,& late at night 9 swall[+ e>?quake sunk1 ,or hide\s wrapt 9 fi]ce asc5d+ flame2 ,( sall[ fam9e1 inundation1 /orm2 ,( pe/il5ce1 & e great di/ress2 ,empires subv]s$1 :5 rul+ fate has /ruck ,! unalt]able h\r3 ev5 nature's self ,is deem$ to tott] on ! br9k ( "t4 ,n s ! man ( philosophic eye1 ,& aspect sage2 ! wav+ brightness he ,curi\s surveys1 inquisitive to "k ,! causes1 & mat]ials1 yet unfix$1 ,( ?is appe>ance beautiful & new4--,,?omson4 ,! nature ( ^? spl5did ph5om5a ( ! heav5s :i* are embrac$ "u ! g5]al t]m meteors1 c n be s well elucidat$ z by an extract f ! travels ( ,messrs4 ,humboldt & ,bonpl& to ! equ9octial regions ( ! new cont95t4 ,! sublime wond]s describ$ by ! =m] ( ^! travel]s 7 witness$ by !m at ,cumana1 a city ( ,v5ezuela1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 8,! night ( ! elev5? ( ,novemb]1 #aggi1 0 cool & extremely beautiful4 ,t[>d ! morn+1 f half aft] two1 ! mo/ extraord9>y lum9\s meteors 7 se5 t[>d ! ea/4 ,m4 ,bonpl&1 :o _h ris5 to enjoy ! fre%ness ( ! air 9 ! gall]y1 p]ceiv$ !m fir/4 ,?\s&s ( bolides 7fire-balls7 & fall+ />s1 succe$$ ea* o!r dur+ f\r h\rs4 ,_! direction 0 v regul>1 f nor? to s\?4 ,!y fill$ a space 9 ! sky ext5d+ f ! true ea/ ?irty degrees t[>d ! nor? & s\?4 ,9 an amplitude ( sixty degrees ! meteors 7 se5 to rise above ! horizon at ea/-nor?-ea/1 & at ea/ to describe arcs m or less ext5d$1 fall+ t[>d ! s\?1 aft] hav+ foll[$ ! direction ( ! m]idian4 ,"s ( !m atta9$ a hight ( =ty degrees2 & all exce$$ tw5ty-five or ?irty degrees4 ,!re 0 v little w9d 9 ! l[ regions ( ! atmosph]e1 & ?is blew f ! ea/4 ,no trace ( cl\ds 0 to be se54 ,m4 ,bonpl& relates1 t f ! beg9n+ ( ! ph5om5on1 !re 0 n a space 9 ! firmam5t equal 9 ext5t to ?ree diamet]s ( ! moon :i* 0 n fill$ at e in/ant ) bolides & fall+ />s4 ,! fir/ 7 few] 9 numb]1 b z !y 7 se5 ( diff]5t sizes1 x 0 impossible to fix ! limit betwe5 ^! two classes ( ph5om5a4 ,all ^! meteors left lum9\s traces f five to t5 degrees 9 l5g?1 z (t5 happ5s 9 ! equ9octial regions4 ,! phosphoresc5ce ( ^! traces1 or lum9\s b&s1 la/$ sev5 or eight seconds4 ,_m ( ! fall+ />s _h a v di/9ct nucleus1 z l>ge z ! disk ( ,jupit]1 f :i* d>t$ sp>ks ( vivid light4 ,! bolides seem$ to bur/ z by explosion2 b ! l>ge/1 ^? f "o degree to "o degree & fifte5 m9utes 9 diamet]1 disappe>$ )\t sc9tillation1 leav+ beh9d !m phosphoresc5t b&s 7trabes7 exce$+ 9 bread? fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes1 or sixtie? p>ts ( a degree4 ,! light ( ^! meteors 0 :ite1 & n r$di%1 :i* mu/ be attribut$1 no d\bt1 to ! abs5ce ( vapors1 & ! extreme transp>5cy ( ! air4 ,= ! same reason1 "u ! tropics1 ! />s ( ! fir/ magnitude h1 at _! ris+1 a light evid5tly :it] ?an 9 ,europe4 8,almo/ all ! inhabitants ( ,cumana 7 witnesses ( ?is ph5om5on1 & did n behold ^! bolides ) indiff]5ce2 ! olde/ among !m rememb]$1 t ! great e>?quakes ( #agff 7 prec$$ by simil> ph5om5a4 ,! fi%]m5 9 ! suburbs ass]t$1 t ! fire-"w _h begun at "o o'clock2 & t1 z !y return$ f fi%+ 9 ! gulf1 !y _h already p]ceiv$ v small fall+ />s t[>d ! ea/4 ,!y affirm$ at ! same "t1 t igne\s meteors 7 extremely r>e on ^? coa/s aft] two 9 ! morn+4 8,! ph5om5on ceas$ by degrees aft] f\r o'clock1 & ! bolides & fall+ />s became less frequ5t2 b we /ill di/+ui%$ "s t[>d ! nor?-ea/1 by _! :iti% light1 & ! rapidity ( _! movem5t1 a qu>t] ( an h\r aft] sunrise4 ,?is circum/ance w appe> less extraord9>y1 :5 ,i /ate t 9 full daylight1 9 #aghh1 ! int]ior ( ! h\ses 9 ! t[n ( ,popayan 0 highly illum9$ by an a]olite ( imm5se magnitude4 ,x pass$ ov] ! t[n :5 ! sun 0 %9+ cle>ly1 ab\t "o o'clock4 ,m4 ,bonpl& & myself1 dur+ our second resid5ce at ,cumana1 aft] hav+ obs]v$ on ! tw5ty-six? ( ,septemb]1 #ahjj1 ! imm]sion ( ! fir/ satellite ( ,jupit]1 succe$$ 9 see+ ! planet di/9ctly ) ! nak$ eye1 eighte5 m9utes aft] ! disk ( ! sun _h appe>$ 9 ! horizon4 ,!re 0 a v slight vapor 9 ! ea/1 b ,jupit] appe>$ on an azure sky4 ,^! facts prove ! extreme purity & transp>5cy ( ! atmosph]e "u ! torrid zone4 ,! mass ( diffus$ light is s mu* less1 z ! vapors are m p]fectly dissolv$4 ,! same cause t weak5s ! diffusion ( ! sol> light1 dim9i%es ! ext9ction ( t :i* emanates ei!r f a bolis1 ,jupit]1 or ! moon1 se5 on ! second day aft] h] conjunction4 8,! rese>*es ( ,m4 ,*ladni hav+ s+ul>ly fix$ ! att5tion ( ! sci5tific _w ^u ! bolides & fall+ />s1 at my dep>ture f ,europe1 we did n neglect dur+ ! c\rse ( our j\rney f ,c>accas to ! ,rio ,negro1 to inquire ev]y:]e1 :e!r ! meteors ( ! twelf? ( ,novemb] _h be5 p]ceiv$4 ,9 ! savage c\ntry1 :]e ! great] numb] ( ! inhabitants sleep out 9 ! air1 s extraord9>y a ph5om5on c\ld n fail to be rem>k$1 except :5 conceal$ by cl\ds f ! eye ( obs]vation4 ,! ,capu*9 mission>y at ,san ,f]n&o de ,apura1 a village situat$ amid ! savannas ( ! prov9ce ( ,v>9as1 & ! ,franciscan monks /ation$ ne> ! cat>acts ( ! ,or9oco1 & at ,m>oa1 on ! banks ( ! ,rio ,negro1 _h se5 numb]less fall+ />s & bolides illum9e ! vault ( heav54 ,m>oa is s\?-we/ ( ,cumana1 & "o hundr$ & sev5ty-f\r leagues' di/ance4 ,all ^! obs]v]s comp>$ ! ph5om5on to a beautiful fire-"w1 :i* _h la/$ f ?ree till six 9 ! morn+4 ,"s ( ! monks _h m>k$ ! day ^u _! ritual2 o!rs _h not$ x by ! ne>e/ fe/ivals ( ! *ur*4 ,un=tunately1 none ( !m c\ld recollect ! direction ( ! meteors1 or _! app>5t hight4 ,f ! position ( ! m\nta9s & ?ick =e/ :i* surr\nd ! missions ( ! cat>acts & ! little village ( ,m>oa1 ,i presume t ! bolides 7 /ill visible at tw5ty degrees above ! horizon4 ,on my arrival at ! s\!rn extremity ( ,spani% ,guiana1 at ! little =t ( ,san ,c>los1 ,i f\nd a p>ty ( ,portuguese1 :o _h gone up ! ,rio ,negro f ! mission ( ,/4 ,joseph ( ! ,m>avita9s1 & :o assur$ me1 t 9 t "p ( ,brazil1 ! ph5om5on _h be5 p]ceiv$1 at lea/ z f> z ,san ,gabriel das ,ca*oeiras1 consequ5tly z f> z ! equator itself4 8,i 0 p[]fully /ruck at ! imm5se hight :i* ^! bolides mu/ h atta9$1 to h be5 visible at ! same "t at ,cumana1 & on ! fronti]s ( ,brazil1 9 a l9e ( two hundr$ & ?irty leagues 9 l5g?4 ,b :at 0 my a/oni%m5t1 :5 at my return to ,europe1 ,i le>n$ t ! same ph5om5on _h be5 p]ceiv$1 on an ext5t ( ! globe ( sixty-f\r degrees ( latitude1 & n9ety-"o degrees ( longitude2 at ! equator1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 at ,labrador1 & 9 ,g]many6 ,i f\nd accid5tally1 dur+ my passage f ,philadelphia to ,bordeaux1 9 ! memoirs ( ! ,p5nsylvanian society1 ! correspond+ obs]vations ( ,mr4 ,ellicott 7latitude ?irty degrees1 =ty-two m9utes27 &1 ^u my return f ,naples to ,b]l91 ,i read ! acc\nt ( ! ,moravian mission>ies among ! ,esquimaux1 9 ! libr>y ( ,gtt+54 ,sev]al philosoph]s _h already discuss$ at ?is p]iod ! co9cid5ce ( ! obs]vation 9 ! nor? ) ^? at ,cumana1 :i* ,m4 ,bonpl& & ,i _h publi%$ 9 #ahjj4 8,! foll[+ is a succ9ct enum]ation ( facts4 ,fir/1 ! fi]y meteors 7 se5 9 ! ea/1 & ! ea/-nor?-ea/1 to =ty degrees ( elevation1 f two to six h\rs at ,cumana1 7latitude t5 degrees1 tw5ty-sev5 m9utes1 fifty-two seconds1 longitude sixty-six degrees1 ?irty m9utes27 at ,porto ,cabello1 7latitude t5 degrees1 six m9utes1 fifty-two seconds1 longitude sixty-sev5 degrees1 five m9utes27 & on ! fronti]s ( ,brazil1 ne> ! equator1 9 ! longitude ( sev5ty degrees we/ ( ! m]idian ( ,p>is4 ,secondly1 9 ,fr5* ,guiana1 7latitude f\r degrees1 fifty-six m9utes1 longitude fifty-f\r degrees1 ?irty-five m9utes17 ! nor!rn "p ( ! sky 0 se5 all on fire4 ,innum]able fall+ />s trav]s$ ! heav5s dur+ an h\r & a half1 & diffus$ s vivid a light1 t ^? meteors might be comp>$ to ! blaz+ %eaves %ot out f fire-works4 ,?irdly1 ,mr4 ,ellicott1 an a/ronom] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 hav+ t]m9at$ 8 trigonometric op]ations = ! rectification ( ! limits on ! ,ohio1 be+1 on ! twelf? ( ,novemb]1 9 ! gulf ( ,florida1 9 ! latitude ( tw5ty-five degrees1 & longitude eighty-"o degrees1 fifty m9utes1 saw1 9 all p>ts ( ! sky1 #8z _m meteors z />s1 mov+ 9 all directions3 "s appe>$ to fall p]p5dicul>ly2 & x 0 expect$ e m9ute t !y w\ld drop into ! vessel4' ,! same ph5om5on 0 p]ceiv$ ^u ! ,am]ican cont95t z f> z ! latitude ( ?irty degrees1 =ty-two m9utes4 ,f\r?ly1 9 ,labrador1 at ,na9 7latitude fifty-six degrees1 fifty-five m9utes7 & ,h(f5?al 7latitude fifty-eight degrees1 f\r m9utes17 & 9 ,gre5l&1 at ,li*t5au 7latitude sixty-"o degrees1 five m9utes7 & ,new ,h]rnhutt1 7latitude sixty-f\r degrees1 f\rte5 m9utes1 longitude fifty-two degrees1 tw5ty m9utes17 ! ,esquimaux 7 fright5$ at ! enorm\s quantity ( bolides :i* fell dur+ twilight t[>d all po9ts ( ! firmam5t1 "s ( !m be+ a foot broad4 ,fif?ly1 9 ,g]many1 ,m4 ,zeiss+1 vic> ( ,itt]/adt1 ne> ,weim>1 7latitude fifty degrees1 fifty-n9e m9utes1 longitude n9e degrees1 "o m9ute ea/17 p]ceiv$1 on ! twelf? ( ,novemb]1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( six & sev5 9 ! morn+1 :5 x 0 half aft] two at ,cumana1 "s fall+ />s1 :i* %$ a v :ite light4 ,soon aft]1 t[>d ! s\? & s\?-we/1 lum9\s rays appe>$ f f\r to six feet long3 !y 7 r$di%1 & resembl$ ! lum9\s track ( a sky-rocket4 ,dur+ ! morn+ twilight1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( sev5 & eight1 ! s\?-we/ "p ( ! sky 0 se51 f "t to "t1 /rongly illum9at$ by :ite lightn+1 :i* ran 9 s]p5t9e l9es along ! horizon4 ,at night ! cold increas$1 & ! b>omet] rose4 8,! di/ance f ,weim> to ! ,rio ,negro1 is eighte5 hundr$ sea leagues2 & f ,rio ,negro to ,h]rnhutt1 9 ,gre5l&1 ?irte5 hundr$ leagues4 ,admitt+ t ! same fi]y meteors 7 se5 at po9ts s di/ant f ea* o!r1 we mu/ also admit1 t _! hight 0 at lea/ f\r hundr$ & elev5 leagues4 ,ne> ,weim>1 ! appe>ance l sky-rockets 0 se5 9 ! s\? & s\?-ea/2 at ,cumana1 9 ! ea/ & 9 ! ea/-nor?-ea/4 ,we may !re=e conclude1 t numb]less a]olites mu/ h fall5 into ! sea1 betwe5 ,africa & ,s\? ,am]ica1 to ! we/ ( ! ,cape ,v]de isl&s4 ,b1 s9ce ! direction ( ! bolides 0 n ! same at ,labrador & at ,cumana1 :y 7 !y n p]ceiv$ 9 ! latt] place t[>d ! nor?1 z at ,cay5ne8 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 t ! ,*ayma ,indians ( ,cumana did n see ! same bolides z ! ,portuguese 9 ,brazil1 & ! mission>ies 9 ,labrador2 b1 at ! same "t1 x c n be d\bt$1 & ?is fact appe>s to me v rem>kable1 t 9 ! new _w1 betwe5 ! m]idians ( =ty-six degrees & eighty-two degrees1 betwe5 ! equator & sixty-f\r degrees nor?1 at ! same h\r1 an imm5se numb] ( bolides & fall+ />s 7 p]ceiv$2 & t ^? meteors _h ev]y:]e ! same brilliancy1 ?r\gh\t a space ( n9e hundr$ & tw5ty-"o ?\s& squ>e leagues4 8,! sci5tific m5 :o h lately made su* labori\s rese>*es on fall+ />s & _! p>allaxes1 consid] !m z meteors belong+ to ! fur!/ limits ( our atmosph]e1 betwe5 ! region ( ! aurora borealis & t ( ! lighte/ cl\ds4 ,"s h be5 se51 :i* _h n m ?an f\rte5 ?\s& toises1 or ab\t five leagues ( elevation4 ,! highe/ d n appe> to exce$ ?irty leagues4 ,!y are (t5 m ?an a hundr$ feet 9 diamet]2 & _! swiftness is su*1 t !y d>t1 9 a few seconds1 ov] a space ( two leagues4 ,"s ( ^! h be5 measur$1 ! direction ( :i* 0 almo/ p]p5dicul>ly upw>d1 or =m+ an angle ( fifty degrees ) ! v]tical l9e4 ,?is extremely rem>kable circum/ance has l$ to ! conclusion1 t fall+ />s are a]olites1 :i*1 aft] hav+ hov]$ ab\t a long "t 9 space1 take fire on ent]+ accid5tally into our atmosph]e1 & fall t[>d ! e>?4 8,:atev] may be ! orig9 ( ^! lum9\s meteors1 x is difficult to conceive any in/antane\s inflammation tak+ place 9 a region :]e !re is less air ?an 9 ! vacuum ( our air-pumps2 & :]e 7tw5ty-five ?\s& toises high7 ! m]cury 9 ! b>omet] w\ld n rise to twelve-?\s&?s ( a l9e4 ,we h asc]ta9$ ! uni=m mixture ( atmosph]ic air to ?ree-?\s&?s ne>ly1 only to an elevation ( ?ree ?\s& toises3 consequ5tly1 n beyond ! la/ /ratum ( fleecy cl\ds4 ,x might be admitt$1 t1 9 ! fir/ revolutions ( ! globe1 gase\s sub/ances :i* yet rema9 unkn[n to u1 may h ris5 t[>d t region1 ?r\gh :i* ! fall+ />s pass3 b accurate exp]im5ts1 made ^u mixtures ( gases :i* h n ! same specific gravity1 prove t we c n admit a sup]ior /ratum ( ! atmosph]e entirely diff]5t f ! inf]ior /rata4 ,gase\s sub/ances mix & p5etrate ea* o!r ) ! lea/ motion2 & a uni=mity ( _! mixture w\ld h tak5 place 9 ! lapse ( ages1 unless we suppose 9 !m ! effects ( a repulsive action unexampl$ 9 ^? sub/ances :i* we c subject to our obs]vations4 ,fur!r1 if we admit ! exi/5ce ( a p>ticul> a]ial fluid 9 ! inaccessible region ( lum9\s meteors1 fall+ />s1 bolides1 & ! aurora borealis1 h[ c we conceive :y ! :ole /ratum ( ^? fluids does n at once take fire1 b t ! gase\s emanations1 l ! cl\ds1 occupy only limit$ spaces8 ,h[ c we suppose an electrical explosion )\t "s vapors collect$ toge!r1 capable ( conta9+ unequal *>ges ( electricity1 9 air1 ! mean temp]ature ( :i* is1 p]haps1 tw5ty-five degrees bel[ ! freez+-po9t ( ! c5tigrade !rmomet]1 & ! r>efaction ( :i* is s consid]able1 t ! compression ( ! electrical %ock c\ld sc>cely dis5gage any heat8 ,^! difficulties w\ld 9 great "p1 be remov$1 if ! direction ( ! motion ( fall+ />s all[$ u to consid] !m z bodies ) a solid nucleus1 z cosmic ph5om5a 7belong+ to space beyond ! limits ( our atmosph]e7 & n z telluric ph5om5a 7belong+ to our planet only47 8,suppos+ t ! meteors ( ,cumana 7 only at ! usual hight at :i* fall+ />s 9 g5]al move1 ! same meteors 7 se5 above ! horizon 9 places m ?an ?ree hundr$ & t5 leagues di/ant f ea* o!r4 ,n[1 :at an extraord9>y disposition to inc&esc5ce mu/ h reign$ on ! twelf? ( ,novemb]1 9 ! high] regions ( ! atmosph]e1 to h furni%$1 dur+ f\r h\rs1 myriads ( bolides & fall+ />s1 visible at ! equator1 9 ,gre5l&1 & 9 ,g]many4 8,mr4 ,b5z5b]g judici\sly obs]ves1 t ! same cause1 :i* r5d]s ! ph5om5on m frequ5t1 has also an influ5ce on ! l>g5ess ( ! meteors1 & ! int5sity ( _! light4 ,9 ,europe1 ! nights :5 !re are ! greate/ numb] ( fall+ />s1 are ^? 9 :i* v bright ones are mix$ ) v small ones4 ,! p]iodicalness ( ! ph5om5on augm5ts ! int]e/ :i* x excites4 ,!re are mon?s1 9 :i* ,m4 ,br&es has reckon$ 9 our temp]ate zone1 only sixty or eighty fall+ />s 9 "o night2 & 9 o!r mon?s _! numb] has ris5 to two ?\s&4 ,:5ev] "o is obs]v$1 :i* has ! diamet] ( ,sirius or ( ,jupit]1 we are sure ( see+ s brilliant a meteor succe$$ by a great numb] ( small] meteors4 ,if ! fall+ />s be v frequ5t dur+ "o night1 x is v probable t ?is frequ5cy w cont9ue dur+ sev]al weeks4 ,x w\ld seem t1 9 ! high] regions ( ! atmosph]e1 ne> t extreme limit :]e ! c5trifugal =ce is balanc$ by gravity1 !re exi/s1 at regul> p]iods1 a p>ticul> disposition = ! production ( bolides1 fall+ />s1 & ! aurora borealis4 ,does ! p]iodicalness ( ?is great ph5om5on dep5d ^u ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e8 or ^u some?+ :i* ! atmosph]e receives f )\t1 :ile ! e>? advances 9 ! ecliptic8 ,( all ?is we are /ill z ignorant z m5 7 9 ! days ( ,anaxagoras4 8,) respect to ! fall+ />s !mselves1 x appe>s to me1 f my own exp]i5ce1 t !y are m frequ5t 9 ! equ9octial regions ?an 9 ! temp]ate zone2 m frequ5t ov] ! cont95ts1 & ne> c]ta9 coa/s1 ?an 9 ! middle ( ! ocean4 ,d ! radiation ( ! surface ( ! globe1 & ! electrical *>ge ( ! l[] regions ( ! atmosph]e1 :i* v>ies accord+ to ! nature ( ! soil1 & ! positions ( ! cont95ts & seas1 ex]t _! influ5ce z f> z ^? hights1 :]e et]nal w9t] reigns8 ,! total abs5ce ev5 ( ! smalle/ cl\ds1 at c]ta9 seasons1 or above "s b>r5 pla9s de/itute ( vegetation1 seems to prove1 t ?is influ5ce c be felt at lea/ z f> z five or six ?\s& toises high4 ,a ph5om5on analog\s to t ( ! twelf? ( ,novemb]1 0 obs]v$ ?irty ye>s be=e1 on ! table-l& ( ! ,&es1 9 a c\ntry /udd$ ) volcanoes4 ,at ! city ( ,quito1 !re 0 se51 9 "o "p ( ! sky1 above ! volcano ( ,gayambo1 s great a numb] ( fall+ />s1 t ! m\nta9 0 ?\ght to be 9 flames4 ,?is s+ul> sight la/$ m ?an an h\r4 ,! p assembl$ 9 ! pla9 ( ,exico1 :]e a magnific5t view pres5ts itself ( ! highe/ summit ( ! ,cordill]as4 ,a procession 0 already on ! po9t ( sett+ out f ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,francis1 :5 x 0 p]ceiv$ t ! blaze ( ! horizon 0 caus$ by fi]y meteors1 :i* ran along ! skies 9 all directions1 at ! altitude ( twelve or ?irte5 degrees40 ,! bolides1 or fire-balls1 & fall+ />s1 s /rik+ an example ( :i* is giv5 above1 are ( all sizes1 f a small %oot+-/> ( ! fif? magnitude1 to a cone or cyl9d] ( two or ?ree miles 9 diamet]4 ,!y diff] 9 consi/5cy z mu* z 9 dim5sions1 & 9 color z mu* z 9 ei!r4 ,occasionally1 !y are a subtile1 lum9\s & pellucid vapor2 & sometimes a compact ball1 or globe1 z ?\gh ! mat]ials ( :i* !y are =m$1 7 m cond5s$ & conc5trat$4 ,n unfrequ5tly !y h be5 f\nd to consi/ ( bo?1 & consequ5tly to assume a comet-l appe>ance1 ) a nucleus or compact sub/ance 9 ! c5t]1 or t[>d ! c5t]1 & a long1 ?91 pellucid or lum9\s ma91 or tail1 sweep+ on ea* side4 ,!y are sometimes ( a pale :ite light2 at o!rs1 ( a deep igne\s crimson2 &1 occasionally iridesc5t & vibratory4 ,! r>] meteors appe> frequ5tly to vani% on a sudd51 z ?\gh abruptly dissolv$ or ext+ui%$ 9 ! atmosph]ic m$ium1 _! flight be+ accompani$ by a hiss+ s\nd1 & _! disappe>ance by an explosion4 ,! mo/ compact ( !m1 or ! nuclei ( ^? :i* are r>]1 h (t5 desc5d$ to ! surface ( ! e>?1 & ) a =ce suffici5t to bury !m _m feet "u ! soil2 g5]ally exhibit+ m>ks ( imp]fect fusion & consid]able heat4 ,! sub/ance is1 9 ^! cases1 = ! great] "p metallic2 b ! ore ( :i* !y consi/ is n any:]e to be f\nd1 9 ! same con/itu5t proportions1 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,"u ?is =m ! project$ masses are d5om9at$ a]olites1 or meteoric /ones4 ,x may n be un9t]e/+ to preface a succ9ct acc\nt ( ! mo/ surpris+ ( ^! meteors1 by a notice ( ! hypo!ses :i* h be5 imag9$ conc]n+ !m2 h[ev] ju/ly ! le>n$ ,humboldt may h conclud$1 9 ! words ( ! extracts giv5 above1 t we are /ill 8z ignorant on ?is subject z m5 7 9 ! days ( ,anaxagoras40 ,sir ,j4 ,pr+le cont5d$1 ) o!r philosoph]s1 t !y are revolv+ bodies1 or a k9d ( t]re/rial planets4 ,doctor ,halley conjectur$ !m to consi/ ( combu/ible vapors1 accumulat$ & =m$ into concrete bodies on ! outskirts1 or extreme regions ( ! atmosph]e1 & to be sudd5ly set on fire by "s unkn[n cause2 an op9ion :i*1 ) little diff]5ce1 has be5 s9ce ent]ta9$ by ,sir ,w4 ,hamilton & ,dr4 ,k+4 ,dr4 ,blagdon reg>d$ !m altoge!r z electrical ph5om5a4 ,m4 ,iz>n believ$ !m to consi/ ( volcanic mat]ials1 propell$ into ! atmosph]e 9 ! c\rse ( explosions ( great viol5ce4 ,m4 ,*ladni suppos$ !m to be =m$ ( sub/ances exi/+ ext]iorly to ! atmosph]e ( ! e>? & o!r planets1 :i* h nev] incorporat$ ) !m1 & are f\nd loose 9 ! va/ ocean ( space1 be+ !re comb9$ & inflam$ by causes unkn[n to u4 ,la/ly1 ano!r & r wild hypo!sis is1 t ! :ole1 or at lea/ ! m compact division ( ^! meteors1 are made up ( mat]ials ?r[n f imm5se volcanoes 9 ! moon4 ,?is hypo!sis1 :i* 0 />t$ by ,m4 ,olb]s1 9 #agie1 has be5 s9ce v plausibly support$ by ! celebrat$ ,laplace1 b does n apply to ! small] & less sub/antial meteors1 nam$ %oot+-/>s4 ,h5ce ^! philosoph]s d]ive ! latt] ph5om5a f "s o!r cause1 z electricity1 or t]re/rial exhalations2 & obs]ve1 9 support ( ! di/9ction !y f9d x necess>y to make1 t %oot+-/>s mu/ be ( a diff]5t nature f fire-balls1 s9ce !y sometimes appe> to asc5d z well z to fall4 ,?is obs]vation has be5 especially dwelt on by ,messrs4 ,*ladni & ,b5z5b]g1 bo? ( !m favorably notic$1 z accurate obs]v]s1 by ,humboldt4 ,by f> ! mo/ plausible & satisfactory !ory1 h[ev]1 is "o some:at l t ( ,dr4 ,halley1 :i* may be illu/rat$ ?us4 ,if a /ick ( wood1 aft] be+ cov]$ ov] night 9 ! hot a%es1 s z to become 9 "p or :olly *>r$1 be tak5 out 9 ! morn+1 & wav$ back & =? 9 ! air1 e "o has notic$ t x w s5d =? sp>ks by hundr$s & ?\s&s4 ,n[ ! m mod]n !ory z to ^! a]olites1 or fall+-/>s1 is1 t !y are ?r[n (f f small1 opaque1 planet>y bodies1 revolv+ 9 space1 :i* :5 !y come )9 ! atmosph]e ( ! e>?1 are heat$ f _! rapid motion ?r\gh x1 & ?r[ (f small heat$ portions1 l ! sp>ks f ! wav+ br&4 ,& ?is !ory is confirm$ by ! fact1 t1 ( late ye>s1 ^! meteoric %[]s h be5 annual1 & always at ab\t ! same p]iod ( ! ye>1 z if ! e>? 0 !n pass+ 9 t "p ( h] orbit :]e %e meets ) ! planet>y bodies spok5 (1 & !y come 9 contact ) h] atmosph]e4 ,9 ! volumes ( ! 8,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce10 may be f\nd abundant facts on ?is subject1 & also ! v>i\s !ories />t$ to acc\nt = ! facts4 ,on ! tw5ty-fir/ ( ,m>*1 #afgf1 two h\rs aft] sunset1 an extraord9>y meteor 0 se5 to pass ov] ,italy4 ,at ,bononia1 its greate/ altitude 9 ! s\?-s\?-ea/1 0 ?irty-eight degrees2 & at ,si5na1 fifty-eight degrees t[>d ! nor?-nor?-ea/4 ,9 its c\rse1 :i* 0 f ea/-nor?-ea/ to we/-s\?-we/1 x pass$ ov] ! ,adriatic sea1 z if com+ f ,dalmatia4 ,x cross$ all ,italy1 be+ ne>ly v]tical to ,rim9i & ,savigniano1 on ! "o side1 & to ,leghorn on ! o!r3 its p]p5dicul> altitude 0 at lea/ ?irty-eight miles4 ,at all ! places ne> its c\rse x 0 he>d to make a hiss+ noise z x pass$1 l t ( artificial fireworks4 ,9 pass+ ov] ,leghorn1 x gave a v l\d report1 l t ( a cannon2 imm$iately aft] :i* ano!r sort ( s\nd 0 he>d1 l ! rattl+ ( a deeply load$ wagon pass+ ov] ! /ones1 :i* cont9u$ = sev]al seconds4 ,! pr(essor ( ma!matics at ,bononia1 calculat$ ! app>5t velocity ( ?is surpris+ meteor at n less ?an "o hundr$ & sixty miles 9 a m9ute ( "t1 :i* is above t5 times z swift z ! diurnal rotation ( ! e>? "u ! equ9octial1 & n _m times less ?an t ) :i* ! annual motion ( ! e>? ab\t ! sun is p]=m$4 ,x !re appe>$ l>g] ?an ! moon 9 "o diamet]1 & above half z l>ge aga9 9 ! o!r2 :i*1 ) ! giv5 di/ance ( ! eye1 made its real small] diamet] above half a mile1 & ! l>g] "o 9 proportion4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n surpris+1 t s great a body1 pass+ ) su* an amaz+ velocity ?r\gh ! air1 h[ev] r>efi$ x may be 9 its upp] regions1 %\ld occasion s l\d a hiss+ noise z to be he>d at su* a di/ance4 ,x f9ally w5t (f to sea t[>d ,corsica4 ,two lum9\s meteors ( great magnitude 7 not$ at ,leipsic )9 ! space ( six ye>s4 ,on ! tw5ty-second ( ,may1 #afhj1 ab\t ?ree 9 ! morn+1 ! fir/ ( ^! 0 se51 to ! great t]ror ( ! spectators1 desc5d+ 9 ! nor?1 & leav+ beh9d x a long :ite /reak :]e x _h pass$4 ,z ! same ph5om5a 0 witness$ 9 ! nor?-nor?-ea/ at ,ha>burg1 & also at ,hamburg1 ,lubeck & ,/ralsund1 all ( :i* places are ab\t a hundr$ & fifty ,engli% miles f ,leipsic1 x 0 conclud$ t ?is meteor 0 exce$+ly high above ! e>?4 ,! second meteor 0 /ill m t]rific4 ,on ! n9? ( ,july1 #afhf1 at half pa/ "o 9 ! morn+1 a fire-ball ) a tail 0 obs]v$ 9 eight & a half degrees ( ,aqu>ius1 & f\r degrees nor?1 :i* cont9u$ ne>ly /ation>y = sev5 or eight m9utes1 ) a diamet] ne>ly equal to half ! moon's diamet]4 ,at fir/1 its light 0 s great t ! spectators c\ld see to read by x2 aft] :i* x gradually disappe>$4 ,?is ph5om5on 0 obs]v$ at ! same "t 9 sev]al o!r places1 m especially at ,s*laitza1 a t[n di/ant f ,dantzic =ty ,engli% miles t[>d ! s\?1 its altitude be+ ab\t six degrees above ! s\!rn horizon4 ,at ,leipsic x 0 e/imat$ to be di/ant n m ?an sixty ,engli% miles1 & to be ab\t tw5ty-f\r miles p]p5dicul> above ! horizon1 s t x 0 at lea/ ?irty miles high 9 ! air4 ,a v extraord9>y meteor1 :i* ! common p call$ a flam+ sword1 0 fir/ se5 at ,le$s1 9 ,york%ire1 on ! eighte5? ( ,may1 #agaj1 at a qu>t] aft] t5 at night4 ,its direction 0 f s\? to nor?3 x 0 broad at "o end1 & small at ! o!r2 & 0 describ$ by ! spectators z resembl+ a trumpet1 mov+1 ) ! broad end =emo/4 ,! light 0 s sudd5 & int5se1 t !y 7 />tl$ at see+ _! own %ad[s1 :5 nei!r sun nor moon %one ^u !m4 ,?is meteor 01 9 its c\rse1 se5 n only 9 ,york%ire & ,lanca%ire1 b also 9 ! c\nties ( ,nott+ham & ,d]by1 not)/&+ :i*1 ea* ( ^? :o obs]v$ x1 al?\gh s _m miles di/ant f ea* o!r1 fanci$ x fell )9 a few y>ds ( him4 ,9 disappe>+1 x pres5t$ bright sp>kl+s at ! small end4 ,a blaz+ meteor 01 on ! n9ete5? ( ,m>*1 #agai1 se5 9 e "p ( ,engl&4 ,9 ! metropolis1 ab\t a qu>t] aft] eight at night1 a sudd5 p[]ful light 0 p]ceiv$ 9 ! we/1 f> exce$+ t ( ! moon1 :i* !n %one v bright4 ,! long /ream x gave out appe>$ to be bran*$ ab\t ! middle2 & ! meteor1 9 its c\rse1 turn$ pe>-fa%ion$1 or tap]+ upw>d4 ,at ! l[] end x came at l5g? to be l>g] & sph]ical1 al?\gh n s l>ge z ! full moon4 ,its color 0 :iti%1 ) an eye ( blue ( a mo/ vivid1 dazzl+ lu/]1 :i* seem$ 9 brightness v ne>ly to resemble1 if n to surpass1 t ( ! body ( ! sun 9 a cle> day4 ,?is brightness oblig$ ! spectator to turn 8 eyes sev]al times f x1 z well :5 x 0 a /ream1 z :5 x 0 pe>-fa%ion$ & a globe4 ,x seem$ to move1 9 ab\t half a m9ute or less1 ab\t ! l5g? ( tw5ty degrees1 & to disappe> ab\t z mu* above ! horizon4 ,:]e x _h pass$1 x left beh9d a track ( a cl\dy or fa9t r$di%-yell[ color1 su* z r$-hot iron or gl[+ coals h3 ?is cont9u$ m ?an a m9ute1 seem$ to sp>kle1 & kept its place )\t fall+4 ,?is track 0 int]rupt$1 or _h a *asm t[>d its upp] end1 at ab\t two-?irds ( its l5g?4 ,no explosion 0 he>d2 b ! place :]e ! globe ( light _h be51 cont9u$ = "s "t aft] x 0 ext9ct1 ( ! same r$di%-yell[ color ) ! /ream1 & at fir/ sp>ks seem$ to issue f x1 su* z proce$ f r$-hot iron beat5 out on an anvil4 ,x 0 agre$ by all ! spectators 9 ! capital1 t ! spl5dor ( ?is meteor 0 little inf]ior to t ( ! sun4 ,)9 doors ! c&les did n give out any light2 & 9 ! /reets1 n only all ! />s disappe>$1 b ! moon1 !n n9e days old1 & high ne> ! m]idian1 ! sky be+ v cle>1 0 s f> effac$ z sc>cely to be se53 x did n ev5 ca/ a %ade1 :]e ! beams ( ! meteor 7 int]cept$ by ! h\ses2 s t1 = a few seconds ( "t1 !re 0 9 e respect1 a resemblance ( p]fect day4 ,! p]p5dicul> hight ( ?is surpris+ meteor 0 e/imat$ at sixty-f\r geometrical miles2 & x 0 comput$ to h run ab\t ?ree hundr$ ( ^! miles 9 a m9ute4 ,x 0 se51 n only 9 e "p ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 b likewise 9 ,holl&1 9 ! we/]n p>ts ( ,g]many1 9 ,france & 9 ,spa91 ne>ly at ! same in/ant ( "t4 ,! acc\nts f ,devon%ire1 ,cornwall1 & ! neighbor+ c\nties1 7 unanim\s 9 describ+ ! wond]ful noise :i* foll[$ its explosion4 ,x resembl$ ! report ( a l>ge cannon1 or r ( a broadside at "s di/ance1 :i* 0 soon foll[$ by a rattl+ noise1 z if _m small arms _h be5 promiscu\sly dis*>g$4 ,?is trem5d\s s\nd 0 att5d$ by an uncommon tremor ( ! air2 & ev]y:]e 9 ^? c\nties1 n only ! w9d[s & doors ( ! h\ses 7 s5sibly %ak51 b1 accord+ to sev]al ( ! reports1 ev5 ! h\ses !mselves1 beyond ! usual effect ( cannon1 h[ev] ne>4 ,on ! elev5? ( ,decemb]1 #agda1 at sev5 m9utes pa/ "o 9 ! aft]noon1 a globe ( fire1 some:at l>g] ?an ! horizontal full moon1 & z bright z ! moon appe>s at any "t :5 ! sun is above ! horizon1 0 se5 at ,peckham1 9 ,surrey1 9 a s\?-s\?-ea/ direction1 mov+ t[>d ! ea/ ) a cont9u$ equable motion1 & leav+ beh9d x a n>r[ /reak ( light1 :it] ?an ! globe itself1 ?r\gh\t its :ole c\rse4 ,t[>d ! end x appe>$ less ?an at ! beg9n+ ( its motion2 & )9 ?ree or f\r seconds sudd5ly vani%$4 ,its app>5t velocity 0 ne>ly equal to half ! m$ium velocity ( ! ord9>y meteors call$ fall+ or %oot+ />s2 & its elevation1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( its c\rse1 ab\t tw5ty degrees above ! horizon4 ,on ! eighte5? ( ,augu/1 #aghc1 an uncommon meteor 0 se5 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,great ,brita91 z well z on ! cont95t4 ,its g5]al appe>ance 0 t ( a lum9\s ball1 :i*1 ris+ 9 ! nor?-nor?-ea/1 ne>ly ( a globul> =m1 became elliptical1 & gradually assum$ a tail z x asc5d$4 ,9 a c]ta9 "p ( its c\rse x und]w5t a rem>kable *ange1 :i* might be comp>$ to bur/+1 & :i*1 x ought to be obs]v$1 has be5 s9ce frequ5tly notic$ 9 ! passage ( ! a]olites1 or meteoric /ones1 p>ticul> m5tion ( :i* w be made h]eaft]4 ,aft] ?is x no long] proce$$ z an entire mass1 b 0 app>5tly divid$ into a great numb]1 or clu/] ( balls1 "s l>g] ?an o!rs1 & all c>ry+ a tail1 or leav+ a tra9 beh9d4 ,"u ?is =m1 x cont9u$ its c\rse ) a ne>ly equable motion1 dropp+ or ca/+ (f sp>ks1 & yield+ a prodigi\s light1 :i* illum9$ all objects to a surpris+ degree2 until1 hav+ pass$ ! ea/1 & v]g+ consid]ably to ! s\?w>d1 x gradually di/5d$1 & 0 at l5g? lo/ to ! sight4 ,! "t ( its appe>ance 0 sixte5 m9utes pa/ n9e 9 ! ev5+1 mean "t ( ! m]idian ( ,london1 & x cont9u$ visible ab\t half a m9ute4 ,?is beautiful meteor hav+ be5 se5 9 ,%etl&1 & 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,scotl&1 asc5d+ f ! nor?1 & ris+ l ! planet ,m>s1 little d\bt 0 ent]ta9$ ( its c\rse hav+ comm5c$ beyond ! fur!/ extremity ( ,great ,brita91 some:]e ov] ! nor!rn ocean4 ,hav+ pass$ ov] ,essex & ! /raits ( ,dov]1 x probably ent]$ ! cont95t n f> f ,dunkirk1 :]e1 z well z at ,calais & ,o/5d1 x 0 ?\ght to be v]tical4 ,/ill hold+ on its c\rse to ! s\?w>d1 x 0 se5 at ,brussels1 at ,p>is1 & at ,nuits 9 ,burgundy2 insomu* t !re 0 suffici5t pro( ( its hav+ trav]s$ ?irte5 or f\rte5 degrees ( latitude1 describ+ a track ( at lea/ "o ?\s& miles ov] ! surface ( ! e>?2 a l5g? ( c\rse f> exce$+ ! ext5t ( :at _h be5 !n asc]ta9$ ( any simil> ph5om5on4 ,dur+ ! passage ( ?is meteor ov] ,brussels1 ! moon appe>$ q r$1 b soon recov]$ its natural light4 ,! results ( sev]al obs]vations give x an elevation ( m ?an fifty miles above ! surface ( ! e>?1 9 a region :]e ! air is at lea/ ?irty ?\s& times r>] ?an "h bel[4 ,not)/&+ ?is great elevation1 ! fact ( a report hav+ be5 he>d "s "t aft] x disappe>$1 re/s on ! te/imony ( too _m witnesses to be controv]t$4 ,x 0 comp>$ to ! fall+ ( "s heavy body 9 a room above /airs1 or to ! dis*>ge ( "o or m l>ge cannon at a di/ance3 ?is report 0 l\de/ 9 ,l9coln%ire & ! adjac5t c\nties1 & also 9 ! ea/]n p>ts ( ,k5t4 ,suppos+ ! transv]se diamet] ( ?is meteor to h subt5d$ an angle ( ?irty m9utes :5 x pass$ ov] ! z5i?1 & t x 0 fifty miles high1 x mu/ h be5 almo/ half a mile across4 ,! tail sometimes appe>$ t5 or twelve times long] ?an ! body2 b mo/ ( ?is 0 tra91 & ! real elongation beh9d seems seldom to h exce$$ twice or ?rice its transv]se diamet]2 x consequ5tly 0 betwe5 "o & two miles 9 l5g?4 ,n[ if ! cubical cont5ts be consid]$1 = x appe>$ equally r\nd & full 9 all directions1 su* an enorm\s mass mu/ af=d j matt] ( a/oni%m5t1 :5 ! extreme velocity ) :i* x mov$ is consid]$4 ,?is velocity1 agreeably to ! obs]vations ( ,sir ,william ,h]s*el & sev]al o!r a/ronom]s1 c\ld n h be5 less ?an tw5ty miles 9 a second1 exce$+ t ( s\nd above n9ety times1 & approa*+ t[>d t ( ! e>? 9 h] annual orbit4 ,at su* a rate x mu/ h pass$ ov] ! :ole isl& ( ,great ,brita9 9 less ?an half a m9ute1 & w\ld1 9 ! space ( less ?an sev5 m9utes1 h trav]s$ ! :ole diamet] ( ! e>?6 ,on ! f\r? ( ,octob]1 ( ! above ye>1 #aghc1 two meteors 7 se5 9 ,engl&4 ,! fir/1 at ?ree 9 ! morn+1 on acc\nt ( ! e>ly h\r1 0 witness$ by b few spectators1 :o repres5t$ x z ris+ f ! nor? to a small altitude1 & !n becom+ /ation>y ) a vibratory motion1 & an illum9ation l daylight3 x vani%$ 9 a few mom5ts1 leav+ a tra9 beh9d4 ,?is sort ( tremul\s appe>ance has be5 notic$ 9 o!r meteors1 z well z _! cont9u+ /ation>y = "s "t1 ei!r be=e !y beg9 to %oot1 or aft] _! c\rse is end$4 ,! second ( ^! meteors appe>$ at =ty-?ree m9utes pa/ six 9 ! ev5+1 & 0 mu* small]1 & also ( mu* %ort] duration1 ?an ! "o se5 9 ,augu/4 ,x 0 fir/ obs]v$ to ! nor?1 l a /ream ( fire1 simil> to t ( ! common %oot+-/>s1 b l>ge2 & hav+ proce$$ "s di/ance "u ?is =m1 sudd5ly bur/ out into t int5sely bright blui% light1 peculi> to su* meteors1 :i* may be mo/ aptly comp>$ to ! blue lights ( ,india1 or to "s ( ! l>ge/ electrical sp>ks4 ,! illum9ation 0 v great2 & on t "p ( its c\rse :]e x _h be5 s bright1 a dusky r$ /reak or tra9 0 left1 :i* rema9$ visible ab\t a m9ute1 & 0 ?\ght by "s gradually to *ange its =m4 ,except ?is tra91 ! meteor _h n any tail1 b 0 ne>ly ( a r\nd body1 or1 p]haps1 some:at elliptical4 ,aft] mov+ n less ?an t5 degrees 9 ?is bright /ate1 x became sudd5ly ext9ct1 )\t any appe>ance ( bur/+ or explosion4 ,,a]olites4 ,^! ph5om5a1 o!rwise entitl$ meteoric /ones1 h be5 asc]ta9$1 by rec5t obs]vations1 to be connect$ ) ! bolides1 or fire-balls1 describ$ above4 ,scoriace\s masses h frequ5tly be5 ei!r actually se5 to fall at ! "t ( ! disappe>ance ( ! latt]1 or h be5 f\nd soon aft] on ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,mo/ ( ! /ones :i* h fall5 f ! atmosph]e1 h be5 prec$$ by ! appe>ance ( lum9\s bodies1 or meteors4 ,^! meteors bur/ ) an explosion1 & !n ! %[] ( /ones falls to ! e>?4 ,sometimes ! /ones cont9ue lum9\s till !y s9k into ! e>?2 b mo/ commonly _! lum9\sness disappe>s at ! "t ( _! explosion4 ,^! meteors move 9 a direction ne>ly horizontal1 & seem to approa* ! e>? be=e !y explode4 ,! /ony bodies1 :5 f\nd imm$iately aft] _! desc5t1 are always hot4 ,!y commonly bury !mselves "s dep? "u gr\nd4 ,_! size diff]s1 f fragm5ts ( a v inconsid]able weight1 to masses ( sev]al tuns4 ,!y usually approa* ! sph]ical =m1 & are always cov]$ ) a black cru/2 9 _m cases !y smell /rongly ( sulphur4 ,! black cru/ consi/s *iefly ( oxyd ( iron2 & f sev]al accurate analyses ( ^! /ones1 ! foll[+ important inf]5ces h be5 drawn3 t n any o!r bodies h z yet be5 discov]$ on our globe :i* conta9 ! same +r$i5ts2 & t !y h made u acqua9t$ ) a species ( pyrites n =m]ly kn[n1 nor any:]e else to be f\nd4 ,! anci5ts 7 n unacqua9t$ ) ^! meteoric /ones1 a %[] ( :i* is report$ by ,livy to h fall5 at ,rome "u ! consulate ( ,tullus ,ho/ilius1 & ano!r "u t ( ,c4 ,m>tius & ,m4 ,torquatus4 ,pl9y relates t a %[] ( iron 7= ?us he designates ^! /ones7 fell 9 ,lucania1 a ye> be=e ! defeat ( ,crassus1 & likewise speaks ( a v l>ge /one :i* fell ne> ! riv] ,negos1 9 ,?race4 ,9 ! *ronicle ( ,c\nt ,m>cell91 !re is an acc\nt ( ?ree imm5sely l>ge /ones hav+ fall5 9 ,?race1 9 ! ye> #deb be=e ! adv5t ( ,*ri/4 ,to proce$ to m mod]n & well au!nticat$ in/ances ( ! fall ( a]olites4 ,on ! sev5? ( ,novemb]1 #adib1 a little be=e noon1 a dreadful ?und]-clap 0 he>d at ,ensi%eim1 9 ,alsace1 in/antly aft] :i* a *ild saw a huge /one fall on a field newly s[n ) :eat4 ,on se>*+1 x 0 f\nd to h p5etrat$ ! e>? ab\t ?ree feet1 & weigh$ two hundr$ & sixty p\nds1 mak+ its size equal to a cube ( ?irte5 in*es ! side4 ,all ! contempor>y writ]s agree 9 ! reality ( ?is ph5om5on1 obs]v+ t1 if su* a /one _h be=e exi/$ 9 a pl[$ l&1 x mu/ h be5 kn[n to ! proprietor4 ,! celebrat$ a/ronom] ,gass5di relates an in/ance ( an a]olite desc5t ( :i* he 0 himself an eye-witness4 ,on ! tw5ty-sev5? ( ,novemb]1 #afbg1 ! sky be+ cle>1 he saw a burn+ /one fall on ,mont ,vasir1 9 ! s\?-ea/ extremity ( ,france1 ne> ,nice4 ,:ile 9 ! air1 x seem$ to be ab\t f\r feet 9 diamet]1 0 inclos$ 9 a lum9\s circle ( colors l a ra9b[1 & 9 its fall produc$ a s\nd l ! dis*>ge ( cannon4 ,x weigh$ fifty-n9e p\nds1 0 v h>d1 ( a dull metallic color1 & _h a specific gravity consid]ably great] ?an t ( m>ble4 ,9 ! ye> #afgb1 two /ones fell ne> ,v]ona1 9 ,italy1 ! "o weigh+ ?ree hundr$1 ! o!r two hundr$ p\nds4 ,?is ph5om5on 0 witness$ 9 ! ev5+1 by ?ree or f\r hundr$ p]sons4 ,! /ones fell1 ) a viol5t explosion1 9 a slop+ direction1 & 9 calm wea!r4 ,!y appe>$ to burn1 & pl[$ up ! gr\nd4 ,paul ,lucas1 ! travel]1 relates t :5 he 0 at ,l>issa1 a t[n ( ,greece1 ne> ! gulf ( ,salonica1 a /one weigh+ sev5ty-two p\nds1 fell 9 ! vic9ity4 ,x 0 obs]v$ to come f ! nor?w>d1 ) a l\d hiss+ noise1 & seem$ to be envelop$ 9 a small cl\d1 :i* explod$ :5 ! /one fell4 ,x look$ l iron dross1 & smelt ( sulphur4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #agec1 sev]al /ones fell 9 ! prov9ce ( ,bresse1 to ! we/ ( ,g5eva3 "o 9 p>ticul> fell at ,pont de ,vesle1 & ano!r at ,liponas1 places n9e miles di/ant f ea* o!r4 ,! sky 0 cle>1 & ! wea!r w>m4 ,a l\d noise1 & a hiss+ s\nd1 7 he>d at ^? two places1 & = sev]al miles r\nd1 on ! fall ( ^! /ones1 :i* exactly resembl$ ea* o!r1 7 ( a d>ki%1 dull color1 v pond]\s1 & manife/+ on _! surface t !y _h suff]$ a viol5t degree ( heat4 ,! l>ge/ weigh$ ab\t tw5ty p\nds1 & p5etrat$ ab\t six in*es into ! pl[$ gr\nd2 a circum/ance :i* r5d]s x highly improbable t !y c\ld h exi/$ !re be=e ! explosion4 ,?is ph5om5on has be5 describ$ by ! a/ronom] ,delal&e1 ^: /rict inquiries on ! spot enabl$ him to te/ify ! tru? ( ! circum/ances he relates4 ,9 ! ye> #agfh1 ?ree /ones 7 pres5t$ to ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 :i* _h fall5 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,france2 "o at ,luce1 9 ! ,ma9e2 ano!r at ,aire1 9 ,artois2 & ! ?ird 9 ,cot5t94 ,!y 7 all ext]nally ( ! same id5tical appe>ance2 & on ! =m] ( !m a p>ticul> report 0 drawn up by ,messrs4 ,f\g]aux1 ,cadet & ,lavoisi]4 ,?is report /ates1 t on ! eighte5? ( ,septemb]1 #agfh1 betwe5 f\r & five 9 ! aft]noon1 !re 0 se51 ne> ! above village ( ,luce1 a cl\d 9 :i* a %ort explosion took place1 foll[$ by a hiss+ noise1 b )\t any flame4 ,! same s\nd 0 he>d by sev]al p]sons ab\t t5 miles f ,luce2 &1 on look+ up1 !y p]ceiv$ an opaque body describe a curve 9 ! air1 & fall on a piece ( gre5 turf ne> ! high road4 ,!y imm$iately ran to ! spot1 :]e !y f\nd a k9d ( /one1 half-buri$ 9 ! e>?1 extremely hot1 & weigh+ ab\t sev5 p\nds & a half4 ,9 ! p>ticul> in/ance n[ to be cit$1 v di/9ct traces 7 left to %[ ! progress ( a]olites ?r\gh ! air4 ,dur+ ! explosion ( a meteor ne> ,bordeaux1 on ! tw5tie? ( ,augu/1 #aghi1 a /one1 9 diamet] ab\t fifte5 in*es1 fell ?r\gh ! ro( ( a cottage1 & kill$ a h]dsman & "s cattle4 ,"p ( ?is /one is n[ 9 ! ,greville museum1 & "p 9 ! museum ( ,bordeaux4 ,on ! tw5ty-f\r? ( ,july1 #agij1 betwe5 n9e & t5 at night1 a %[] ( /ones fell ne> ,ag51 9 ,gui5ne1 ne> ! s\?-we/ angle ( ,france4 ,fir/ a lum9\s ball ( fire 0 se5 trav]s+ ! atmosph]e ) great rapidity1 & leav+ beh9d x a tra9 ( light :i* la/$ ab\t fifty seconds2 soon aft] ?is a l\d explosion 0 he>d1 & sp>ks 7 se5 to fly (f 9 all directions4 ,?is 0 soon aft] foll[$ by ! fall ( /ones1 ov] a consid]able ext5t ( gr\nd1 & at v>i\s di/ances f ea* o!r4 ,^! 7 all alike 9 appe>ance1 b ( _m diff]5t sizes1 ! great] numb] weigh+ ab\t two ounces1 b _m a va/ deal m4 ,"s fell ) a hiss+ noise1 & ent]$ ! gr\nd2 b ! small] ones rema9$ on ! surface4 ,! only damage done by ?is %[] ( /ones 01 t !y broke ! tiles ( sev]al h\ses1 9 fall+ on :i* !y _h n ! s\nd ( h>d & compact sub/ances1 b ( matt] 9 a s(t1 half-melt$ /ate4 ,su* z fell on /raws adh]$ to !m1 & c\ld n be readily sep>at$2 a manife/ pro( t !y 7 9 a /ate ( fusion4 ,on ! eighte5? ( ,decemb]1 #agie1 sev]al p]sons ne> ! h\se ( ,capta9 ,topham1 9 ,york%ire1 he>d a l\d noise 9 ! air1 foll[$ by a hiss+ s\nd1 & soon aft] felt a %ock1 z if a heavy body _h fall5 to ! gr\nd at a little di/ance f !m4 ,9 reality1 "o ( !m saw a huge /one fall to ! e>?1 at ! di/ance ( eight or n9e y>ds f ! place :]e he /ood4 ,:5 he fir/ obs]v$ x1 x 0 sev5 or eight y>ds above ! gr\nd2 & 9 its fall x ?rew up ! mold on e side1 bury+ itself tw5ty-"o in*es 9 ! e>?4 ,?is /one on be+ dug up1 0 f\nd to weigh fifty-six p\nds4 ,on ! sev5te5? ( ,m>*1 #agih1 a body1 burn+ ) an int5se light1 pass$ ov] ! vic9ity ( ,ville ,fran*e1 on ! ,saone1 ne> ,lyons1 accompani$ by a hiss+ s\nd1 & leav+ beh9d a lum9\s track4 ,?is ph5om5on explod$ ) a great noise1 ab\t twelve hundr$ feet f ! gr\nd1 & "o ( ! spl9t]s1 /ill lum9\s1 hav+ be5 obs]v$ to fall 9 a neighbor+ v9ey>d1 0 trac$4 ,x 0 ab\t a foot 9 diamet]1 & _h p5etrat$ tw5ty in*es into ! gr\nd4 ,on ! f\r? ( ,july1 #ahjc1 a ball ( fire /ruck a public h\se at ,ea/ ,norton1 9 ,ox=d%ire4 ,! *imney 0 ?r[n d[n1 ! ro( p>tly torn (f1 ! w9d[s %att]$ to atoms1 & ! dairy1 c41 conv]t$ into a heap ( rubbi%4 ,x 0 ( consid]able magnitude1 &1 on com+ 9 contact ) ! h\se1 explod$ ) great noise1 & a v oppressive sulphure\s smell4 ,sev]al fragm5ts ( /ones 7 f\nd on ! spot1 hav+ a surface ( a d>k color1 & v>ni%$1 z if 9 a /ate ( fusion1 ) num]\s globules ( a :iti% metal1 comb9+ sulphur & nickel4 ,! ind5tures on ^! surfaces r5d] x probable t ! ball 0 s(t :5 x desc5d$2 & x 0 obvi\sly 9 a /ate ( fusion1 z ! grass 0 burn$ :]e ! fragm5ts fell4 ,! motion ( ! fire-ball1 :ile 9 ! air1 0 v rapid1 & app>5tly p>allel to ! horizon4 ,! late/ rem>kable fall ( a]olites 9 ,europe1 ( :i* !re is a di/9ct acc\nt1 0 9 ! vic9ity ( ,laigle1 9 ,norm&y1 e>ly 9 ! aft]noon ( ! tw5ty-six? ( ,april1 #ahab4 ,a fi]y globe ( a v brilliant spl5dor1 :i* mov$ 9 ! air ) great rapidity1 0 foll[$ 9 a few seconds by a viol5t explosion1 :i* la/$ five or six m9utes1 & 0 he>d to ! ext5t ( m ?an ?irty leagues 9 e direction4 ,?ree or f\r reports1 l ^? ( a cannon1 7 foll[$ by a dis*>ge resembl+ a fire ( musketry1 aft] :i* a dreadful rumbl+ 0 he>d l ! beat+ ( a drum4 ,! air 0 calm1 & ! sky s]5e1 ) ! exception ( a few cl\ds1 su* z are frequ5tly obs]v$4 ,! noise proce$$ f a small cl\d ( a rectangul> =m1 ! l>ge/ side be+ 9 a direction f ea/ to we/4 ,x appe>$ motionless all ! "t ! ph5om5on la/$2 b ! vapor ( :i* x 0 compos$ 0 project$ mom5t>ily f ! diff]5t sides by ! effect ( ! successive explosions4 ,?is cl\d 0 ab\t half a league to ! nor?-nor?-ea/ ( ! t[n ( ,laigle1 & 0 at s great an elevation1 t ! inhabitants ( two hamlets1 a league di/ant f ea* o!r1 saw x at ! same "t ov] _! heads4 ,9 ! :ole canton ov] :i* ?is cl\d hov]$1 a hiss+ noise1 l t ( a /one dis*>g$ f a sl+1 0 he>d2 & a multitude ( meteoric /ones 7 se5 to fall at ! same "t4 ,! di/rict 9 :i* !y fell =ms an elliptical ext5t ( ab\t two leagues & a half 9 l5g?1 & ne>ly "o 9 bread?2 ! greate/ dim5sion be+ 9 a direction f s\?-ea/ to nor?-we/1 =m+ a decl9ation ( ab\t tw5ty-two degrees4 ,?is direction1 :i* ! meteor mu/ h foll[$1 is exactly t ( ! magnetic m]idian2 :i* is a rem>kable fact4 ,! numb] ( ^! /ones 0 reckon$ to exce$ ?ree ?\s&2 & ! l>ge/ ( !m weigh$ ne>ly tw5ty p\nds4 ,!y 7 friable "s days aft] _! fall1 & smelt /rongly ( sulphur4 ,!y subsequ5tly acquir$ ! degree ( h>dness common to ?is k9d ( /ones4 ,:ile1 9 ,europe1 ^! ph5om5a ?us /rongly confirm$ ! long explod$ idea ( ! vulg>1 t _m ( ! lum9\s meteors obs]v$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 are masses ( ignit$ matt]1 an acc\nt ( "o ( precisely ! same description 0 receiv$ f ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,on ! n9ete5? ( ,decemb]1 #agih1 at eight 9 ! ev5+1 a l>ge fire-ball1 or lum9\s meteor1 0 se5 at ,b5>es1 & at sev]al places 9 its vic9ity4 ,x 0 att5d$ by a l\d rumbl+ noise2 &1 ab\t ! same "t1 ! inhabitants ( ,krakhut1 f\rte5 miles f ,b5>es1 saw ! light1 he>d :at resembl$ a l\d ?und]-clap1 &1 imm$iately aft]1 ! noise ( heavy bodies fall+ ar\nd !m4 ,next morn+ ! mold 9 ! fields 0 f\nd to h be5 turn$ up 9 _m spots2 & unusual /ones ( v>i\s sizes1 b ( ! same sub/ances1 7 pick$ f ! moi/ soil1 g5]ally at a dep? ( six in*es4 ,"o /one fell ?r\gh ! ro( ( a hut1 & buri$ itself 9 ! e>!n floor4 ,f ^! multipli$ evid5ces x is prov$ t1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w1 lum9\s meteors h be5 se5 mov+ ?r\gh ! air ) surpris+ rapidity1 9 a direction m or less oblique1 accompani$ ) a noise1 commonly l ! :izz+ ( cannon-balls1 foll[$ by explosion1 & ! fall ( h>d1 /ony1 or semi-metallic masses 9 a heat$ /ate4 ,! con/ant :izz+ s\nd2 ! fact ( /ones be+ f\nd1 l ea* o!r1 b unlike all o!rs 9 ! vic9ity1 at ! spots t[>d :i* ! lum9\s body1 or its fragm5ts1 _h be5 se5 to move2 ! scatt]+ or pl[+ up ( ! soil at ^? spots1 always 9 proportion to ! size ( ! /ones2 ! concussion ( ! neighbor+ gr\nd at ! same "t2 & especially1 ! imp++ ( ! /ones on bodies some:at above ! e>?1 or ly+ loose on its surface2 all ^! are circum/ances p]fectly well au!nticat$ 9 ^! reports1 prov+ t su* meteors are usually inflam$ h>d masses1 desc5d+ rapidly ?r\gh ! air to ! e>?4 ,,aurora ,,borealis ,,& ,,aurora ,,au/ralis4 ,^! spl5did meteors are g5]ally consid]$ z ! result ( a comb9ation ( ! two p[]s ( magnetism & electricity4 ,:5 ! light1 or aurora1 appe>s *iefly 9 ! nor? "p ( ! heav5s1 x is call$ ! aurora borealis1 or nor!rn lights2 & :5 *iefly 9 ! s\? "p1 ! aurora au/ralis1 or s\!rn lights4 ,:]e ! coruscation is m ?an ord9>ily bright & /ream+1 :i*1 h[ev]1 seldom occurs 9 ! nor?1 x is d5om9at$ lum5 boreale2 & :]e ^! /reams h assum$ a decid$ curvature1 l t ( ! ra9b[1 !y are di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( lum9\s ar*es4 ,! aurora is *iefly visible 9 ! w9t] season1 & 9 cold wea!r4 ,x is usually ( a r$di% color1 incl9+ to yell[1 & s5ds out frequ5t coruscations ( pale light1 :i* seem to rise f ! horizon 9 a pyramidal1 undulat+ =m1 %oot+ ) great velocity up to ! z5i?4 ,x nev] appe>s ne> ! equator2 b ( late ye>s has frequ5tly be5 se5 t[>d ! s\? pole4 ,! aurora borealis has appe>$ at "s p]iods m frequ5tly ?an at o!rs4 ,?is ph5om5on 0 s r>e 9 ,engl&1 or s little reg>d$1 t its appe>ance 0 n record$ 9 ! ,engli% annals betwe5 a rem>kable "o obs]v$ on ! f\rte5? ( ,novemb]1 #aeed1 & a v brilliant "o on ! six? ( ,m>*1 #agaf1 & ! two succe$+ nights1 b :i* 0 mu* /ronge/ on ! fir/ night4 ,h5ce x may be inf]r$1 t ! /ate ( ei!r ! air or e>?1 or p]haps ( bo?1 is n at all times fitt$ = its production4 ,! ext5t ( ^! appe>ances is surpris+ly great4 ,! v brilliant "o ref]r$ to above 0 visible f ! we/ ( ,irel& to ! conf9es ( ,russia1 & ! ea/ ( ,pol&1 ext5d+ ov]1 at ! lea/1 ?irty degrees ( longitude1 &1 f ab\t ! fiftie? degree ( latitude1 ov] almo/ all ! nor!rn "p ( ,europe4 ,9 e place1 x exhibit$1 at ! same "t1 ! same wond]ful features4 ,! elevation ( ^! lights is equally surpris+3 an aurora borealis :i* appe>$ on ! sixte5? ( ,decemb]1 #agcg1 0 asc]ta9$1 by means ( ?irty computations1 to h an av]age hight f ! e>? ( "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five leagues1 equal to f\r hundr$ & sixty-f\r ,engli% miles4 ,capta9 ,cook1 9 8 fir/ voyage r\nd ! _w1 obs]v$ t ^! coruscations are frequ5tly visible 9 s\!rn latitudes4 ,on ! sixte5? ( ,septemb]1 #aggj1 he witness$ an appe>ance ( ?is k9d ab\t t5 o'clock at night1 consi/+ ( a dull1 r$di% light1 & ext5d+ ab\t tw5ty degrees above ! horizon4 ,its ext5t 0 v diff]5t at diff]5t times1 b x 0 nev] less ?an eight or t5 po9ts ( ! compass4 ,rays ( light1 ( a bright] color1 pass$ ?r\gh & )\t x2 & ^! rays vani%$ & 7 r5ew$ ne>ly 9 ! same "t z ^? 9 ! aurora borealis1 b _h little or no vibration4 ,its body bore s\?-s\?-ea/ f ! %ip1 & cont9u$1 )\t any dim9ution ( its brightness1 till twelve o'clock1 :5 ! obs]v]s retir$4 ,! %ip 0 at ?is "t )9 ! tropic ( ,capricorn4 ,on ! sev5te5? ( ,febru>y1 #aggc1 dur+ 8 second voyage1 ,capta9 ,cook speaks ( a beautiful ph5om5on t 0 obs]v$ 9 ! heav5s4 8,x consi/$ ( long columns ( a cle> :ite light1 %oot+ up f ! horizon to ! ea/w>d1 almo/ to ! z5i?1 & spread+ gradually ov] ! :ole s\!rn p>ts ( ! sky4 ,^! columns ev5 sometimes b5t sideways at _! upp] extremity2 &1 al?\gh 9 mo/ respects simil> to ! nor!rn lights1 7! aurora borealis ( our hemisph]e17 yet diff]$ f !m 9 be+ always ( a :iti% color2 :]eas ours assume v>i\s t9ts1 especially ^? ( a fi]y & purple hue4 ,! />s 7 sometimes hidd5 by1 & sometimes fa9tly to be se5 ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ^! s\!rn lights1 aurora au/ralis4 ,! sky 0 g5]ally cle> :5 !y appe>$1 & ! air %>p & cold1 ! m]cury 9 ! !rmomet] /&+ at ! freez+-po9t2 ! %ip be+ !n 9 fifty-eight degrees s\?40 ,on six diff]5t nights ( ! foll[+ mon? 7,m>*7 ! same ph5om5on 0 obs]v$4 ,,lum5 ,,boreale1 ,,or ,,/ream+ ,,lights4 ,on ! eigh? ( ,octob]1 #agbf1 uncommon /reams ( light 7 exhibit$ 9 e "p ( ! heav5s1 ab\t eight o'clock 9 ! ev5+4 ,!y 7 se5 ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 z well z 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,europe4 ,!y 7 mo/ly po9t$1 & ( diff]5t l5g?s1 assum+ ! appe>ance ( flam+ spires or pyramids2 "s aga9 7 truncat$1 & rea*$ b half-way2 :ile o!rs _h _! po9ts rea*+ up to ! z5i?1 or ne> x1 :]e !y =m$ a sort ( canopy1 or ?9 cl\d1 sometimes r$1 sometimes br[ni%1 sometimes blaz+ z if on fire1 & sometimes emitt+ /reams all ar\nd x4 ,?is canopy 0 manife/ly =m$ by ! matt] c>ri$ up by ! /ream+ on all p>ts ( ! horizon4 ,x sometimes seem$ to asc5d ) a =ce1 z if impell$ by ! impetus ( "s explosive ag5t bel[2 & ?is =cible asc5t ( ! /ream+ matt] gave a motion to ! canopy1 & sometimes a gyration1 l t ( a :irlw9d4 ,?is 0 manife/ly caus$ by ! /reams /rik+ ! out] "p ( ! canopy2 b if !y /ruck ! canopy 9 ! c5t]1 all 0 !n confusion4 ,! vapors betwe5 ! spires1 or pyramids1 7 ( a blood-r$ color1 :i* gave ^? p>ts ( ! atmosph]e ! appe>ance ( blaz+ lances & bloody-color$ pill>s4 ,!re 0 also a /range commotion among ! /reams1 z if "s l>ge cl\d or o!r body 0 mov+ beh9d & di/urb+ !m4 ,9 ! nor!rn & s\!rn p>ts ! /reams 7 p]p5dicul> to ! horizon2 b 9 ! int]m$iate po9ts !y seem$ to decl9e m or less 9 "o way or ! o!r1 or r to incl9e t[>d ! m]idian4 ,sev]al p]sons decl>$1 t 9 ! "t ( ! /ream+1 !y he>d a hiss+1 & 9 "s places a crackl+ noise1 l t :i* is report$ to be (t5 he>d 9 e>?quakes4 ,at ,naples1 on ! sixte5? ( ,decemb]1 #agcg1 e>ly 9 ! ev5+1 a light 0 obs]v$ 9 ! nor?1 z if ! air 0 on fire1 & fla%+4 ,its int5s5ess gradually increas+1 ab\t sev5 o'clock x spread to ! we/w>d4 ,its greate/ hight 0 ab\t sixty-five degrees4 ,its extremities 7 unequally jagg$ & scatt]$1 & foll[$ ! c\rse ( ! we/]ly w9d2 s t = a few h\rs x spread consid]ably wid]1 yet )\t ev] ext5d+ to ! z5i?4 ,ab\t eight o'clock1 a v regul> ar*1 ( a p>abolic figure1 0 se5 to rise g5tly to two degrees ( rectangul> elevation1 & to tw5ty degrees ( horizontal amplitude4 ,at t5 ! int5s5ess ( ! color disappe>$2 & by midnight n any traces ( ?is ph5om5on 7 left4 ,x 0 se5 ?r\gh\t ,italy1 z ! subsequ5t acc\nts w %[4 ,at ,padua1 on ! appe>ance ( ?is extraord9>y meteor1 ! air 0 calm1 & ! b>omet] rem>kably high4 ,at five 9 ! aft]noon a blacki% zone1 ) its upp] limb ( a sky-color1 appe>$ ne> ! horizon2 & above ?is zone 0 ano!r1 v lum9\s1 resembl+ ! dawn pretty f> advanc$4 ,! highe/ zone 0 ( a r$1 fi]y color4 ,a little aft] six o'clock1 ! upp] p>ts ( ^! zones emitt$ an abundance ( r$ /ream+s1 or rays2 _! vivid color be+ occasionally int]mix$ ) :iti% & d>k spots4 ,9 a few seconds aft]1 !re issu$ f ! we/1 a r$ & v bright column1 :i* asc5d$ to ! ?ird "p ( ! heav5s1 & a little aft] became curv$ l a ra9b[4 ,at half pa/ eight1 almo/ in/antane\sly1 ! bright zone1 f eight degrees we/ to fifty degrees ea/1 became m vivid1 & rose high]2 & above ?is appe>$ ano!r & l>g] "o1 ( a r$1 fi]y color1 ) sev]al successive /ream+s t5d+ upw>d1 & exce$+ sixty degrees ( altitude2 ! we/]n "p hav+ assum$ ! =m ( a ?9 cl\d4 ,at midnight ^! spl5did lights disappe>$ entirely4 ,at ,bononia1 ?is surpris+ meteor spread to su* an ext5t z to occupy ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty degrees ( ! heav5s4 ,its light 0 s vivid t h\ses c\ld be di/+ui%$1 at eight 9 ! ev5+1 at a v consid]able di/ance2 & ^! 7 s r$d5$1 t _m p]sons ?\ght !re 0 a fire 9 ! neighborhood4 ,at t "t ! aurora =m$ itself into a concave ar* t[>d ! horizon2 & 9 half an h\r1 at its ea/]n limit1 a pyramid 0 display$1 ( a m int5se color t[>d ! nor?1 f ! c5t] ( :i* !re %ot up v]tically a /reak ( light1 betwe5 a :ite & a yell[ color4 ,a v d>k1 n>r[ cl\d cross$ ! :ole ph5om5on1 & t]m9at$ 9 ! pyramid4 ,at ! upp] "p1 a v consid]able tract ( ! heav5s 0 enlight5$ by a v vivid r$ light1 :i* 0 int]rupt$ by sev]al /reaks or columns ( a bright yell[i% light4 ,^! /ream+s %ot up v]tically1 & p>allel to ea* o!r1 ! n>r[ cl\d seem+ to s]ve !m z a basis4 ,"u ! cl\d !re issu$ =? two tails ( a :iti% light1 hang+ d[nw>d on a basis ( a weak r$1 & seem+ to k9dle & d>t ! light d[nw>d4 ,a :ite /reak1 :i* pass$ across ^! two tails1 & ext5d$ f "o end ( ! ph5om5on to ! o!r1 9 a position almo/ p>allel to ! above-m5tion$ cl\d1 gave a spl5did effect to ! :ole4 ,?is surpris+ & beautiful meteor disappe>$ a %ort "t aft] n9e o'clock2 b an abundance ( fall+ />s 7 aft]w>d se5 9 ! s\?4 ,simil> obs]vations 7 made at ,rome2 b 9 ,great ,brita91 :]e ?is ph5om5on 0 likewise se51 diff]5t appe>ances 7 display$4 ,at ,ed9burgh1 at six 9 ! ev5+1 ! sky appe>$ to be 9 flames4 ,an ar* ( r$ light rea*$ f ! we/1 ov] ! z5i?1 to ! ea/1 its nor!rn bord] be+ t+$ ) a color approa*+ to blue4 ,?is aurora did n fir/ =m 9 ! nor?1 z usually happ5s1 & aft] =m+ an ar* !re1 rise t[>d ! z5i?2 nei!r did ! light %iv]1 & spread itself1 by sudd5 j]ks1 ov] ! hemisph]e1 z is common1 b x gradually & g5tly /ole along ! face ( ! heav5s1 till x _h cov]$ ! :ole hemisph]e3 ?is al>m$ ! vulg>1 & 0 inde$ a /range sight4 ,at ,rosehill1 9 ,sussex1 x appe>$ z a /rong & v /eady light1 ne>ly ( ! color ( r$ o*]4 ,x did n d>t or fla%1 b kept a /eady c\rse aga9/ ! w9d1 :i* blew fre% f ! s\?-we/4 ,x began 9 ! nor?-nor?-we/1 9 ! =m ( a pill> ( light1 at a qu>t] pa/ six 9 ! ev5+3 9 ab\t t5 m9utes a f\r? "p ( x divid$ f ! re/1 & nev] jo9$ aga94 ,9 t5 m9utes m x describ$ an ar*1 b did n jo9 at ! top2 & at sev5 o'clock x =m$ a b[1 disappe>+ soon aft]4 ,x 0 lighte/ & r$de/ at ! horizon1 & gave z mu* light z a full moon4 ,,lum9\s ,,ar*es4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 #aggd1 a v beautiful lum9\s ar* 0 se5 at ,buxton4 ,x 0 :ite1 incl9+ to yell[3 & its bread? 9 ! cr[n 0 app>5tly equal to t ( ! ra9b[4 ,z x approa*$ ! horizon1 ea* leg ( ! ar* became gradually broad]4 ,x 0 /ation>y & free f any s5sible coruscations4 ,its direction 0 f nor?-ea/ to s\?-we/2 & its cr[n or mo/ elevat$ "p1 n f> f ! z5i?4 ,?is ph5om5on la/$ ab\t half an h\r4 ,! gr&e/ spectacle ( ?is k9d :i* appe>s to h be5 se5 9 ,great ,brita91 0 obs]v$ at ,le$s1 9 ,york%ire1 on ! twelf? ( ,april1 #aghc1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( n9e & t5 at night4 ,a broad ar* ( a bright pale yell[1 & hav+ an app>5t bread? ( ab\t fifte5 degrees1 arose 9 ! heav5s1 & pass$ consid]ably s\? ( ! z5i?4 ,su* 0 its v>i$ d5sity1 t x appe>$ to consi/ ( small columns ( light1 hav+ a s5sible motion4 ,aft] ab\t t5 m9utes1 innum]able bright coruscations %ot out at "r angles f its nor!rn edge1 elongat+ !mselves m & m till !y _h ne>ly rea*$ ! nor!rn horizon4 ,z !y desc5d$1 _! extremities 7 tipp$ ) an elegant crimson1 su* z is produc$ by ! electric sp>k 9 an exhau/$ tube4 ,aft] "s "t ?is beautiful nor!rn light ceas$ to %oot1 &1 =m+ a l9e ( bright yell[ cl\ds1 :i* ext5d$ horizontally ab\t ! f\r? ( a circle1 its greate/ portion1 :i* d>t$ f ?is ar* t[>d ! nor?1 z well z ! cl\dlike & m /ation>y aurora1 became s d5se z to hide ! />s f view4 ,! moon 0 elev5 days old1 & %one brightly dur+ ?is sc5e1 b did n eclipse ! spl5dor ( ^! coruscations4 ,! w9d 0 9 ! nor?1 a little incl9$ to ! ea/4 ,a simil> ph5om5on 0 obs]v$ at ,le$s on ! tw5ty-six? ( ! same mon?4 ,f a mass or broad column ( light 9 ! we/1 issu$ ?ree lum9\s ar*es1 ea* ( :i* made a diff]5t angle ) ! horizon4 ,!y _h n be5 view$ _m m9utes :5 !y 7 r5d]$ invisible by a g5]al blaze ( aurora borealis1 :i* possess$ ! space j be=e occupi$ by ^! ar*es4 ,,ignes ,,fatui1 ,,or ,,mock ,,fires4 ,^! meteors1 d5om9at$ by ! vulg>1 ,w-)-a-wisp1 & ,jack-)-a-lant]n1 & at sea or on ! coa/1 m>9]'s lights1 or ,/4 ,helmo's fires1 are n[ consid]$ z real exhalations f ! e>?1 produc$ by gas1 vapor1 or "s o!r att5uat$ sub/ance1 emanat+ f vegetable1 animal or m9]al mat]ials1 & comb9$ ) ! matt] ( light or heat1 or bo?4 ,in/ead ( be+ d5se or solid1 !y are uni=mly r>e & subtile2 &1 in/ead ( orig9at+ 9 ! l(tie/ regions ( ! atmosph]e1 or beyond its range1 are g5]at$ = ! great] "p 9 l[1 m>%y pla9s or valleys4 ,to ! fe>ful & sup]/iti\s1 !y are a s\rce ( z mu* t]ror z ! nobl] & sublim] meteors :i* h j be5 contemplat$2 & x is probable t !y h occasionally be5 ! s\rce ( real & ext5sive damage1 :5 9 a /ate ( actual combu/ion1 & t !y h /ill m frequ5tly s$uc$ a timid & b5ight$ travel] into dang]\s bogs & quagmires4 ,9 ,italy1 9 ! ,bolognese t]ritory1 !y are s frequ5t1 9 ! morassy gr\nds1 t !y are to be se5 e night1 "s ( !m af=d+ z mu* light z a k9dl$ tor*1 & o!rs n be+ l>g] ?an ! flame ( a c&le1 b all ( !m s lum9\s z to %$ a lu/] on ! surr\nd+ objects4 ,!y are con/antly 9 motion1 b ?is motion is v>i\s & unc]ta94 ,!y sometimes rise & at o!r times s9k1 sometimes sudd5ly disappe>+1 & appe>+ aga9 9 an in/ant 9 "s o!r place4 ,!y usually hov] ab\t six feet f ! gr\nd1 diff]+ bo? 9 figure & size1 & spread+ out & contract+ !mselves alt]nately4 ,sometimes !y break to appe>ance into two p>ts1 soon aft] unit+ aga9 9 "o body1 & at int]vals float l waves1 lett+ fall portions ( ignit$ matt]1 l sp>ks f a fire4 ,!y are m frequ5tly obs]v$ 9 w9t] ?an 9 summ]1 & ca/ ! /ronge/ light 9 ra9y & moi/ wea!r4 ,!y are mo/ fri5dly to ! banks ( brooks & riv]s1 & to morasses2 b !y are likewise se5 on elevat$ gr\nds1 :]e !y are1 h[ev]1 ( a comp>atively dim9utive size4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 #agbh1 a travel] be+ 9 a m\nta9\s road1 ab\t t5 miles s\? ( ,bononia1 p]ceiv$1 z he approa*$ ! riv] ,riov$]e1 betwe5 eight & n9e 9 ! ev5+1 a light %9+ v brightly on "s /ones :i* lay on ! banks4 ,x 0 elevat$ ab\t two feet above !m2 its figure describ+ a p>allelopip$1 m ?an a foot 9 l5g?1 & ab\t six in*es high1 its longe/ side ly+ p>allel to ! horizon4 ,its light 0 s /rong t he c\ld di/+ui% by x v pla9ly a "p ( a neighbor+ h$ge1 & ! wat] 9 ! riv]4 ,on a ne> approa*1 x *ang$ f a bright r$ to a yell[i% color1 & on draw+ /ill ne>]1 became pale2 b :5 ! obs]v] rea*$ ! spot x vani%$4 ,on 8 /epp+ back1 he n only saw x aga91 b f\nd t ! fur!r he rec$$1 ! /rong] & m lum9\s x became4 ,?is light 0 aft]w>d se5 sev]al times1 bo? 9 spr+ & autumn1 precisely at ! same spot1 & pres]v+ ! same %ape4 ,on ! twelf? ( ,decemb]1 #aggf1 sev]al v rem>kable ignes fatui 7 obs]v$ on ! road to ,bromsgrove1 five miles f ,birm+ham1 9 ,engl&1 a little be=e daylight4 ,a great _m ( ^! lights 7 play+ 9 an adjac5t field1 9 diff]5t directions2 f "s ( :i* !re sudd5ly sprang up bright bran*es ( light1 some:at resembl+ ! explosion ( a rocket1 fill$ ) _m brilliant />s1 if1 9 ! case ( ! latt]1 ! dis*>ge be suppos$ to be upw>d1 or v]tical1 in/ead ( tak+ ! usual direction4 ,! h$ge1 & ! trees on ea* side1 7 /rongly illum9at$4 ,?is appe>ance cont9u$ a few seconds only1 :5 ! ignes fatui play$ z be=e4 ,! spectator 0 n suffici5tly ne> to obs]ve :e!r ! app>5t explosions 7 att5d$ ) any report4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,decemb]1 #afic1 betwe5 ! tw5ty-f\r? & ?irtie?1 a fi]y exhalation1 )\t d\bt g5]at$ 9 ! same way ) ! meteors describ$ above1 set fire to sixte5 ricks ( hay1 & two b>ns fill$ ) corn & hay1 at ! village ( ,h>te*1 9 ,pembroke%ire4 ,x _h frequ5tly be5 se5 be=e1 proce$+ f ! sea1 & 9 ^! in/ances la/$ = a =tnight or ?ree weeks4 ,x n only fir$ ! hay1 b poison$ ! grass1 = ! ext5t ( a mile1 s z to induce a di/emp] among ! cattle4 ,x 0 a weak blue flame1 easily ext+ui%$1 & did n 9 ! lea/ burn any ( ! m5 :o int]pos$ _! endeavors to save ! hay1 al?\gh !y v5tur$1 n only close to x1 b sometimes into x4 ,all ! damage su/a9$ happ5$ con/antly 9 ! night4 ,belong+ to ?is class ( meteors is ! draco volans1 a fi]y exhalation1 frequ5t 9 m>%y & cold c\ntries4 ,x is mo/ common 9 summ]2 &1 al?\gh pr9cipally se5 play+ ne> ! banks ( riv]s1 or 9 boggy places1 /ill x sometimes m\nts up to a consid]able hight 9 ! air1 to ! no small t]ror ( ! amaz$ behold]s4 ,its appe>ance is t ( an oblong 7sometimes r\ndi%7 fi]y body1 ) a long tail4 ,x is entirely h>mless1 frequ5tly /ick+ to ! h&s & clo!s ( ! spectators1 )\t do+ !m ! lea/ injury4 ,,spect] ,,( ,,! ,,brock54 ,?is is "o ( ^? curi\s & int]e/+ atmosph]ic ph5om5a1 or deceptions1 :i* proce$ f "o common cause1 an irregul>ity 9 ! t5uity ( ! atmosph]ic fluid4 ,?is fluid is commonly ( an homog5e\s or equable t5uity1 & consequ5tly suff]s ! rays ( ! sun to p5etrate x )\t any ob/ruction or *ange2 b is at times irregul>1 & compos$ ( p>ts ( bodies ( a d5s] m$ium ?an its g5]al texture & con/itution4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ! flu5t ray1 if x d n ent] ! d5s] m$ium 9 a direct or p]p5dicul> l9e1 w be ei!r reflect$1 or refract$1 or bo?2 & ! object survey$ ?r\gh x1 w assume a new1 &1 n unfrequ5tly1 a grotesque or highly magnifi$ appe>ance4 ,! spect] ( ! ,brock5 is an a]ial figure :i* is sometimes se5 among ! ,h>tz m\nta9s 9 ,hanov]4 ,! ph5om5on has be5 witness$ by v>i\s travel]s1 & among !m by ,m4 ,haue1 f ^: relation ! foll[+ p>ticul>s are extract$4 8,hav+ asc5d$ ! ,brock5 m\nta9 = ! ?irtie? "t1 ,i 0 at l5g? s =tunate z to h ! pleasure ( see+ ?is ph5om5on4 ,! sun rose ab\t f\r o'clock1 & ! atmosph]e be+ q s]5e t[>d ! ea/1 its rays c\ld pass )\t any ob/ruction ov] ! ,he9ri*%ohe m\nta94 ,9 ! s\?-we/1 h[ev]1 t[>d ! m\nta9 ,a*t]mann%ohe1 a brisk we/ w9d c>ri$ be=e x ?9 transp>5t vapors4 ,ab\t a qu>t] pa/ f\r1 ,i look$ r\nd1 to see :e!r ! atmosph]e w\ld p]mit me to h a free prospect to ! s\?-we/1 :5 ,i obs]v$1 at a v great di/ance t[>d ! ,a*t]mann%ohe1 a human figure ( mon/r\s size6 ,a viol5t gu/ ( w9d hav+ almo/ c>ri$ away my hat1 ,i clapp$ my h& to x2 & 9 mov+ my h& t[>d my head1 ! colossal figure did ! same4 8,! pleasure :i* ,i felt at ?is discov]y c h>dly be describ$2 = ,i _h already walk$ _m a we>y /ep 9 ! hope ( see+ ?is %ad[y image1 )\t be+ able to gratify my curiosity4 ,i imm$iately made ano!r movem5t1 by b5d+ my body1 & ! colossal figure be=e me repeat$ x4 ,i 0 desir\s ( do+ ! same once m1 b my colossus _h vani%$4 ,i rema9$ 9 ! same position1 wait+ to see :e!r x w\ld return2 & 9 a few m9utes x aga9 made its appe>ance on ! ,a*t]mann%ohe4 ,i !n call$ ! l&lord ( ! neighbor+ inn1 & hav+ bo? tak5 ! position :i* ,i _h tak5 alone1 we look$ t[>d ! ,a*t]mann%ohe1 b did n p]ceive any?+4 ,we _h n1 h[ev]1 /ood long1 :5 two su* colossal figures 7 =m$ ov] ! above em95ce1 z repres5t$ 9 ! cut1 :i* repeat$ _! complim5ts by b5d+ _! bodies z we did1 aft] :i* !y vani%$4 ,we reta9$ our position1 kept our eyes fix$ on ! spot1 & 9 a little "t ! two figures aga9 /ood be=e u1 & 7 jo9$ by a ?ird1 t ( a travel] :o !n came up & jo9$ ! p>ty4 ,e movem5t made by u1 ^! figures imitat$2 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! ph5om5on 0 sometimes weak & fa9t1 sometimes /rong & well def9$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,spect] ,,( ,,! ,,brock54 ,9 ,cl>ke's 8,survey ( ! ,lakes10 a ph5om5on simil> to t ( ! spect] ( ! ,brock51 is record$ to h be5 obs]v$ 9 ! ye>s #agdc & #agdd1 on ,s\t]-,fell1 a m\nta9 9 ,cumb]l&4 ,x excit$ mu* conv]sation & al>m at ! "t1 & expos$ to great ridicule ^? :o ass]t$ !y _h witness$ x4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 too well atte/$ n to des]ve a %ort notice "h1 & may be ref]r$ to ! same causes by :i* ! above a]ial images on ! ,brock5 m\nta9 7 produc$4 ,! relation is z foll[s4 ,s\t]-,fell is a m\nta9 ab\t half a mile 9 hight1 inclos$ on ! nor? & we/ sides by precipit\s rocks1 b some:at m op5 on ! ea/1 & easi] ( access4 ,at ,wilton ,hall1 )9 half a mile ( ?is m\nta91 on a summ]'s ev5+1 9 ! ye> #agdc1 a f>m] & 8 s]vant1 sitt+ at ! door1 saw ! figure ( a man ) a dog1 pursu+ "s horses along ,s\t]-,fell side1 a place s /eep t a horse c\ld sc>cely travel on x4 ,!y appe>$ to run at a v great pace1 till !y got out ( sight at ! l[] end ( ! fell4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ ! f>m] & 8 s]vant asc5d$ ! /eep side ( ! m\nta91 9 full expectation t !y %\ld f9d ! man ly+ dead1 be+ p]suad$ t ! swiftness ) :i* he ran mu/ h kill$ him1 & imag9+ also t !y %\ld pick up "s ( ! %oes :i* !y ?\ght ! horses mu/ h lo/1 9 gallop+ at s furi\s a rate4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 disappo9t$ 9 ^! expectations1 z n ! lea/ ve/ige ( ei!r man or horses c\ld be discov]$1 n s mu*1 ev51 z ! m>k ( a horse's ho( on ! turf4 ,on ! tw5ty-?ird ( ,june1 ( ! foll[+ ye>1 #agdd1 ab\t half pa/ sev5 9 ! ev5+1 ! same s]vant1 !n resid+ at ,blakehills1 at an equal di/ance f ! m\nta91 be+ 9 a field 9 front ( ! f>m-h\se1 saw a troop ( horsem5 rid+ on ,s\t]-,fell side 9 pretty close ranks1 & at a brisk pace4 ,hav+ obs]v$ !m = "s "t1 he call$ out 8 "y ma/]1 :o be=e ! spot 0 po9t$ out to him1 discov]$ ! a]ial troop]s2 & ?is ph5om5on 0 %ortly aft] witness$ by ! :ole ( ! family4 ,! vision>y horsem5 appe>$ to come f ! l[e/ "p ( ,s\t]-,fell1 & 7 visible at a place call$ ,knott3 !y !n mov$ 9 regul> troops along ! side ( ! fell1 till !y came opposite to ,blakehills1 :5 !y w5t ov] ! m\nta94 ,!y ?us describ$ a k9d ( curvil9e> pa?1 & _! fir/ z well z _! la/ appe>ance1 0 b\nd$ by ! foot ( ! m\nta94 ,_! pace 0 t ( a regul> swift walk1 & !y 7 se5 = upw>d ( two h\rs1 :5 d>kness int]v5$4 ,sev]al troops 7 se5 9 succession1 & frequ5tly ! la/1 or la/ b "o 9 ! troop1 w\ld quit 8 position1 gallop to ! front1 & !n obs]ve ! same pace ) ! o!rs4 ,! same *ange 0 visible to all ! spectators2 & ! sight ( ?is ph5om5on 0 n conf9$ to ,blakehills1 b 0 witness$ by ! inhabitants ( ! cottages )9 a mile4 ,x 0 atte/$ be=e a magi/rate by ! two above-cit$ individuals 9 ! mon? ( ,july1 #agde4 ,tw5ty-six p]sons are said 9 ! atte/ation to h witness$ ! m>* ( ^! a]ial travel]s4 ,x %\ld be rem>k$ t ^! appe>ances 7 obs]v$ on ! eve ( ! rebellion1 :5 troops ( horsem5 might be privately ex]cis+2 & z ! imitative p[]s ( ! spect] ( ! ,brock5 demon/rate t ! actions ( human be+s are sometimes pictur$ 9 ! cl\ds1 x seems highly probable1 on a consid]ation ( all ! circum/ances ( ?is latt] ph5om5on on ,s\t]-,fell1 t c]ta9 ?9 vapors mu/ h hov]$ r\nd ! summit ( ! m\nta9 :5 ! appe>ances 7 obs]v$4 ,x is also probable t ^! vapors may h be5 impress$ ) ! %ad[y =ms :i* seem to 8imitate humanity10 by a p>ticul> op]ation ( ! sun's rays1 unit$ ) "s s+ul> b unkn[n refractive comb9ations !n tak+ place 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,,! ,,mirage4 ,?is v curi\s ph5om5on1 :i* 0 rem>k$ by ,m4 ,monge1 "o ( ! ,fr5* savans belong+ to ! in/itute ( ,cairo1 9 ! hot & s&y des]t betwe5 ,alex&ria & t city1 is describ$ by him z result+ f an inv]t$ image ( ! c]ulean sky int]mix$ ) ! gr\nd sc5]y1 ! neighbor+ villages appe>+ to be surr\nd$ ) a mo/ beautiful %eet ( wat]1 & to exi/1 l isl&s1 9 its liquid expanse1 tantaliz+ ! eye by an unfai?ful repres5tation ( :at ! ?ir/y travel] e>ne/ly desires4 ,doctor ,cl>ke1 9 8 int]e/+ travels1 introduces ! foll[+ animat$ description ( ?is ph5om5on4 8,"h at ! village ( ,utko we procur$ asses = our p>ty1 &1 sett+ out = ,rosetta1 began to recross ! des]t1 appe>+ l an ocean ( s&1 b flatt] & firm] z to its surface1 ?an be=e4 ,! ,arabs1 utt]+ _! h>%1 guttural language1 ran *att]+ by ! side ( our asses2 until "s ( !m call+ out #8,ras*id6' we p]ceiv$ its domes & turrets1 app>5tly ^u ! opposite side ( an imm5se lake or sea1 t cov]$ all ! int]v5+ space betwe5 u & ! city4 ,n hav+ 9 my own m9d1 at ! "t1 any d\bt z to ! c]ta9ty ( its be+ wat]1 & see+ ! tall m9>ets & build+s ( ,rosetta1 ) all its groves ( dates & sycamores1 z p]fectly reflect$ by x z by a mirror1 insomu* t ev5 ! m9ute/ detail ( ! ar*itecture & ( ! trees might h be5 !nce del9eat$1 ,i appli$ to ! ,arabs to be in=m$ 9 :at mann] we 7 to pass ! wat]4 ,our int]pret]1 al?\gh a ,greek1 & !re=e likely to h be5 in=m$ ( su* a ph5om5on1 0 z fully conv9c$ z any ( u1 t we 7 draw+ ne> to ! wat]'s edge1 & became indignant1 :5 ! ,arabs ma9ta9$1 t )9 an h\r we %\ld rea* ,rosetta1 by cross+ ! s&s 9 ! direct l9e we !n pursu$1 & t !re 0 no wat]4 #8,:at6' said he1 giv+ way to 8 impati5ce1 #8d y suppose me an idiot1 to be p]suad$ contr>y to ! evid5ce ( my s5ses8' ,! ,arabs1 smil+1 soon pacifi$ him1 & completely a/oni%$ ! :ole p>ty1 by desir+ u to look back at ! des]t we _h already pass$1 :]e we beheld a precisely simil> appe>ance4 ,x 01 9 fact1 ! mirage1 a prodigy to :i* all ( u 7 !n /rang]s1 al?\gh x aft]w>d became m famili>4 ,yet ^u no future occasion did we ev] behold ?is extraord9>y illusion s m>vel\sly display$4 ,! view ( x af=d$ u ideas ( ! horrible despond5cy to :i* travel]s mu/ sometimes be expos$1 :o1 9 trav]s+ ! int]m9able des]t1 de/itute ( wat]1 & p]i%+ ) ?ir/1 h sometimes ?is deceitful prospect be=e _! eyes40 ,?is appe>ance is (t5 se51 :5 ! sun %9es1 ^u ! ext5sive flat s& ^u ! %ores ( ! ,bri/ol *annel1 9 ,som]set%ire1 & probably on ! sea-%ore 9 o!r p>ts ( ,engl&4 ,,fata ,,morgana4 8,z :5 a %eph]d ( ! ,hebride isles1 ,plac$ f> amid ! melan*oly ma91 7,:e!r x be lone fancy him beguiles1 ,or t a]ial be+s sometimes deign ,to /& embodi$ to our s5ses pla917 ,sees on ! nak$ hill1 or valley l[1 ,! :il/ 9 ocean ,phbus dips 8 wa91 ,a va/ assemblage mov+ to & fro2 ,!n all at once 9 air dissolves ! wondr\s %[40--,,?omson4 ,^! optical appe>ances ( figures 9 ! sea & air1 9 ! ,f>o ( ,mess9a1 are ! great delight ( ! populace1 :o1 :5ev] ! vision is display$1 run ab\t ! /reets %\t+ = joy1 & call+ on e "o to p>take ( ! glori\s sight4 ,to produce ?is pleas+ deception1 _m circum/ances mu/ concur :i* are n kn[n to exi/ 9 any o!r situation4 ,! spectator mu/ /& ) 8 back to ! ea/1 9 "s elevat$ place beh9d ! city1 t he may comm& a view ( ! :ole bay1 beyond :i* ! m\nta9s ( ,mess9a rise l a wall1 & d>k5 ! backgr\nd ( ! picture4 ,! w9ds mu/ be hu%$1 ! surface ( ! wat] q smoo?1 ! tide at its hight1 & ! wat]s press$ up by curr5ts to a great elevation 9 ! middle ( ! *annel4 ,all ^! ev5ts co9cid+1 z soon z ! sun surm\nts ! ea/]n hills beh9d ,reggio1 7on ! ,calabrian coa/ opposite17 & rises high en\gh to =m an angle ( =ty-five degrees on ! wat] be=e ! city1 e object1 exi/+ or mov+ at ,reggio1 w be repeat$ a ?\s&-fold 9 ?is m>9e mirror1 :i*1 by its tremul\s motion1 is1 z x 71 cut into facets4 ,ea* image w pass rapidly (f 9 succession1 z ! day advances1 & ! /ream c>ries d[n ! wave on :i* x appe>$4 ,?us ! p>ts ( ?is mov+ picture w vani% 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye4 ,sometimes ! air is at ?is "t s impregnat$ ) vapors1 & undi/urb$ by w9ds1 z to reflect objects 9 a k9d ( a]ial scre51 ris+ ab\t ?irty feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,9 cl\dy1 heavy wea!r1 !y are drawn on ! surface ( ! wat]1 bord]$ ) f9e prismatic colors4 ,sw9burne1 9 8 travels1 cites ,fa!r ,angelucci z hav+ be5 ! fir/ to describe ?is ph5om5on accurately4 ,8 relation is z foll[s4 8,on ! fifte5? ( ,augu/1 #afdc1 z ,i /ood at my w9d[1 ,i 0 surpris$ ) a mo/ wond]ful & delectable vision4 ,! sea :i* wa%es ! ,sicilian %ore1 swell$ up1 & became1 = twelve miles 9 l5g?1 l a *a9 ( d>k m\nta9s2 :ile ! wat]s ne> our ,calabrian coa/ grew q smoo?1 & 9 an in/ant appe>$ z "o poli%$ mirror1 recl9+ aga9/ ! a=esaid ridge4 ,on ?is glass 0 depict$1 9 *i>-oscura1 a /r+ ( sev]al ?\s&s ( pila/]s1 all equal 9 altitude1 di/ance & degree ( light & %ade4 ,9 a mom5t !y lo/ half _! hight1 & b5t into arcades1 l ,roman aqu$ucts4 ,a long cornice 0 next =m$ on ! top1 & above x rose ca/les innum]able1 all p]fectly alike4 ,^! soon split into t[]s1 :i* 7 %ortly aft] lo/ 9 colonnades1 !n 9 w9d[s1 & at la/ end$ 9 p9es1 cypresses1 & o!r trees1 ev5 & simil>4 ,?is 0 ! ,fata ,morgana1 :i*1 = tw5ty-six ye>s1 ,i _h ?\ght a m]e fable40 ,,atmosph]ical ,,refraction4 ,a surpris+ in/ance ( atmosph]ical refraction occurr$ at ,ha/+s1 ,engl&1 on ! tw5ty-six? ( ,july1 #agih4 ,w4 ,la?am1 ,esq41 sitt+ 9 8 d9+-room1 situat$ on ! p>ade1 close to ! sea-%ore1 & ne>ly front+ ! s\?1 ab\t five 9 ! aft]noon1 _h 8 att5tion sudd5ly drawn by a great numb] ( p runn+ d[n to ! seaside4 ,on inquir+ ! reason1 he 0 in=m$ t ! coa/ ( ,france 0 pla9ly to be di/+ui%$ by ! nak$ eye4 ,on go+ d[n to ! %ore1 he 0 surpris$ to f9d t1 ev5 )\t ! assi/ance ( a telescope1 he c\ld v pla9ly see ! cliffs on ! opposite coa/2 :i*1 at ! ne>e/ "p1 are betwe5 =ty & fifty miles di/ant1 & are n to be disc]n$1 f t l[ situation1 by ! aid ( ! be/ glasses4 ,!y appe>$ to be only a few miles (f1 & seem$ to ext5d = "s leagues along ! coa/4 ,pursu+ 8 walk along ! %ore to ! ea/w>d1 close to ! wat]'s edge1 & conv]s+ on ! subject ) ! sailors & fi%]m51 !y c\ld n1 at fir/1 be p]suad$ ( ! reality ( ! appe>ance2 b soon became s ?or\ghly conv9c$1 by ! cliffs gradually appe>+ m elevat$1 & approa*+ ne>] z x 71 t !y po9t$ out & nam$ to him ! diff]5t places !y _h be5 accu/om$ to visit1 su* z1 ! ,bay1 ! ,old ,head or ,man1 ! ,w9dmill1 c41 at ,b\logne2 toge!r ) ,/4 ,vall]y1 & o!r places on ! coa/ ( ,pic>dy4 ,?is !y aft]w>d confirm$1 :5 !y view$ !m1 ?us refract$1 ?r\gh _! telescopes1 obs]v+ t ! above places appe>$ z ne> z if !y _h be5 sail+1 at a small di/ance1 into ! h>bors4 ,f ! ea/]n cliff1 :i* is ( a v consid]able hight1 a mo/ beautiful sc5e pres5t$ itself to ,mr4 ,la?am's view1 = !re he c\ld at once see ,dung5ess1 ,dov] cliffs1 & ! ,fr5* coa/1 all along f ,calais1 ,b\logne1 c41 to ,/4 ,vall]y2 &1 z "s ( ! fi%]m5 affirm$1 z f> to ! we/w>d ev5 z ,dieppe4 ,by ! telescope1 ! ,fr5* fi%+-boats 7 pla9ly to be se5 at an*or1 & ! diff]5t colors ( ! l& on ! hights1 ) ! build+s1 7 p]fectly disc]nible4 ,?is curi\s ph5om5on cont9u$ 9 ! highe/ spl5dor till half pa/ eight o'clock1 not)/&+ a black cl\d = "s "t totally obscur$ ! face ( ! sun1 & !n vani%$ gradually4 ,s rem>kable an in/ance ( atmosph]ical refraction _h n be5 be=e witness$ by ! olde/ inhabitant ( ,ha/+s4 ,x 0 likewise obs]v$ at ,w9*elsea1 & o!r places along ! coa/4 ,! day 0 rem>kably hot1 )\t a brea? ( w9d /irr+4 ,z ano!r in/ance ( ?is refract+ p[] ( ! atmosph]e1 ,dr4 ,v9ce1 an ,engli% philosoph]1 0 once look+ ?r\gh a telescope at a %ip1 :i* 0 s f> (f1 t he c\ld only see ! upp] p>ts ( ! ma/s4 ,! hulk 0 entirely hidd5 by ! b5d+ ( ! wat]1 b betwe5 himself & ! %ip he saw two p]fect images ( x 9 ! air4 ,^! 7 ( ! same =m & color z ! real %ip2 b "o ( !m 0 turn$ upside d[n4 ,& :5 ,capta9 ,scoresby 0 9 ! pol> sea ) 8 %ip1 he 0 sep>at$ by ! ice f t ( 8 fa!r = "s "t1 & look$ out = h] e day ) great anxiety4 ,at l5g?1 "o ev5+1 to 8 utt] a/oni%m5t1 he saw h] susp5d$ 9 ! air1 9 an inv]t$ position1 trac$ on ! horizon 9 ! cle>e/ colors1 & ) ! mo/ di/9ct & p]fect repres5tation4 ,he sail$ 9 ! direction 9 :i* he saw ?is vision>y ph5om5on1 & actually f\nd 8 fa!r's vessel by its indication4 ,he 0 sep>at$ f ! %ip by imm5se masses ( iceb]gs1 & at su* a di/ance t x 0 impossible to h se5 h] 9 h] actual situation1 or to h se5 h] at all1 if h] spectrum _h n be5 ?us rais$ sev]al degrees above ! horizon 9 ! air by ?is mo/ extraord9>y refraction4 ,x is by ?is b5d+ ( ! rays ( light t ! images ( p are (t5 se5 at a di/ance1 & sometimes magnifi$ to a gigantic size4 ,we h giv5 an acc\nt ( su* an appe>ance 9 ! ,h>tz m\nta9s1 9 ,g]many4 ,ano!r s+ul> in/ance ( ! refract+ p[] ( ! atmosph]e1 0 witness$ )9 ! pres5t ye>1 7#ahed17 by ,mr4 ,elliott1 ! a]onaut1 :ile asc5d+ 9 8 balloon f ,pet]sburg1 ,virg9ia4 ,aft] he _h asc5d$ ab\t ?ree ?\s& feet he dis*>g$ "s five p\nds ( balla/1 :5 he %ot onw>d & upw>d ) amaz+ rapidity till he began to approximate to ! cl\ds4 ,he !n dis*>g$ ab\t five p\nds m ( s&1 ! rema9d] ( ! bag1 :5 he aga9 d>t$ upw>d among ! cl\ds1 :i* 7 s d5se z to :olly exclude all t]re/rial objects f 8 view1 & ( c\rse he 0 lo/ to all obs]v]s bel[4 ,^! dis*>ges 7 di/9ctly se5 by p]sons wat*+ him1 & on ! fir/ occasion "s "o exclaim$ t ! balloon _h bur/4 ,:ile among ! cl\ds1 x seem$ to him z if he 0 9 ! mid/ ( a l>ge gr\nd-glass globe1 "s two or ?ree hundr$ feet 9 diamet]1 aga9/ ! side ( :i* opposite to ! sun1 ! %ad[ ( 8 balloon re/$1 "s five or six times l>g] ?an ! corporeal "o4 ,ab\t half-way betwe5 him & ! %ad[1 :i* seem$ z if re/+ on ! glass wall1 ano!r balloon 0 se51 ( a size betwe5 ! %ad[ & ! real "o1 re/+ z if 9 a vacuum1 :i* display$ e color ( ! orig9al fai?fully4 ,he !n saw ano!r ,elliott1 clad & ) features l himself1 & seem+ly self-l4 ,he !n ext5d$ 8 own f+]s1 :5 he 0 mimick$ by 8 image2 & :e!r he ext5d$ "o f+] or m1 or :atev] he did1 ?is figure duplicat$ exactly4 ,:5 he w\ld cause 8 balloon to oscillate1 ?is balloon w\ld move exactly l 84 ,:5 he ?rew out m balla/ to elevate himself1 ?is figure sank d[n in/ead ( ris+ ) him2 & :5 he arose above ! cl\ds into ! rays ( ! uncl\d$ sun1 he left ! mimic a]onaut bel[ him4 ,9 ! rays ( ! sun above ! cl\ds he f\nd x s w>m z to cause him to p]spire freely1 a /ate ( heat nev] be=e exp]i5c$ at ?is hight1 ne>ly tw5ty-f\r ?\s& feet1 :]e ! air is v r>efi$ & g5]ally v *illy4 ,he !n op5$ ! valve = ! purpose ( desc5d+1 & z soon z he _h sunk "o or two ?\s& feet1 :i* he asc]ta9$ by b>ometrical indications1 he felt z if he _h ent]$ an ice-h\se1 & a cold *ill seiz$ 8 :ole p]son4 ,"h he aga9 met 8 mimic a]ial voyag]1 :om he kept 9 company = "s "t1 f philosophical motives4 ,:5ev] he mov$ sideways1 ?is mum g5tleman w\ld move 9 ! same direction4 ,b :5 he mov$ up or d[n1 ! duplicate w\ld move 9 a directly opposite way2 & :5 he conclud$ to desc5d1 ! image mov$ upw>d until ! tricolor$ flag 0 out ( sight1 :5 he c\ld see ! c> & ! a]onaut /ill /&+ 9 x z if 9 a basket atta*$ to no?+4 ,he cont9u$ to look until 8 head 0 ,robespi]r$1 & f9ally1 piece by piece1 8 body1 &1 at la/1 8 feet & basket1 asc5d$ out ( 8 sight4 ,mr4 ,elliott said t he _h be5 up a hundr$ & "o times1 b nev] _h se5 any?+ 9 ! =m ( an illusion l ?is be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ip ,,refract$ ,,9 ,,! ,,air4 ,b "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable cases ( atmosph]ic refraction ( :i* we h any record1 is t :i* occurr$ at ,new ,hav51 ,connecticut1 9 ! e>ly settlem5t ( ! colony4 ,! coloni/s _h built a %ip1 & freight$ h] = ,engl& ) a valuable c>go1 ) :i* %e sail$ f _! h>bor 9 ! w9t] ( #afdg1 hav+ sev]al ( _! pr9cipal m5 on bo>d4 ,!y 7 oblig$ to cut _! way ?r\gh ! ice to get out ( ! h>bor2 & ! %ip1 nev] be+ he>d ( aft]w>d1 0 suppos$ to h f\nd]$ at sea4 ,no tid+s arriv+ ( ! %ip or ( h] fate1 ! coloni/s 7 deeply di/ress$1 & 87 v e>ne/ 9 _! pray]s1 bo? public & private1 t ,god w\ld 9 "s way make manife/ to !m :at _h become ( _! fri5ds40 ,9 ! foll[+ ,june1 a viol5t ?und]-/orm arose out ( ! nor?-we/1 aft] :i* ! atmosph]e be+ v calm & s]5e1 ab\t an h\r be=e sunset1 a %ip ( ! dim5sions & =m ( ! "o !y _h lo/1 ) all h] canvas set & flags fly+1 appe>$ 9 ! air1 com+ up ! h>bor1 h] sails fill$ z ?\gh by a fre% gale1 & sail+ aga9/ ! w9d1 = ! space ( half an h\r4 ,at l5g?1 z %e came ne>]1 h] ma9top seem$ to be bl[n (f1 ?\gh left hang+ 9 ! %r\ds2 !n1 h] mizz5-top2 !n all h] ma/+ seem$ bl[n away by ! bo>d2 quickly aft]1 h] hulk c>e5+1 %e ov]set1 & seem$ to s9k & vani% 9 ! cl\ds1 & z ^! cl\ds pass$ away1 ! air :]e %e 0 se51 01 z be=e1 p]fectly cle>4 ,! cr[d ( spectators c\ld di/+ui% ! appe>ance ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! %ip1 ! pr9cipal rigg+1 & su* proportions z made !m satisfi$ t ?is 0 inde$ _! %ip2 & ,mr4 ,dav5port1 ! m9i/]1 decl>$1 9 public1 t ,god1 = ! quiet+ ( ! he>ts ( ! p1 _h giv5 !m ?is extraord9>y exhibition & acc\nt ( :at he _h done ) _! prop]ty & fri5ds4 ,b sci5ce gives u a m natural & less miracul\s explanation ( ! matt]1 9 ! refract+ p[] ( ! air :5 9 c]ta9 /ates2 & ! probability is1 t ! %ip1 ?us se5 9 ! air1 0 "s /range vessel 7:i* !y imag9$ look$ l _! own7 com+ up ! h>bor be=e ! breeze1 & !n driv5 (f & wreck$ by ! /orm1 :i* rea*$ h] aft] x _h pass$ ,new ,hav52 or else t x 01 inde$1 _! own %ip1 :i* aft] be+ driv5 ab\t = mon?s1 0 n[ com+ back to h] port1 :5 %e 0 ?us caught 9 ! tempe/ & de/roy$4 ,& z confirm+ ?is view ( ! matt]1 x may be add$1 9 conclusion1 t )9 ! pres5t c5tury1 x is said1 a simil> refraction ( a %ip 9 ! air1 has be5 witness$ 9 ! same place4 ,,p>helia1 ,,or ,,mock ,,suns4 ,on ! fif? ( ,febru>y1 #afgd1 ne> ,m>i5b]g1 9 ,prussia1 ! sky be+ ev]y:]e s]5e1 ! sun1 :i* 0 /ill "s degrees above ! horizon1 0 se5 to lance out v long & r$di% rays1 =ty or fifty degrees t[>d ! z5i?1 not)/&+ x %one ) great lu/]4 ,b5ea? ?is planet1 t[>d ! horizon1 !re hung a some:at ?9 small cl\d1 at ! inf]ior "p ( :i* !re appe>$ a mock sun1 ( ! same app>5t size ) ! true sun1 & ( a r$di% color4 ,soon aft]1 ! true sun desc5d+ gradually to ! horizon1 t[>d ! said cl\d1 ! spuri\s sun b5ea? x grew cle>] & cle>]1 9 s mu* t ! r$di% color 9 ?is app>5t sol> disk vani%$1 & x put on ! g5u9e sol> light1 9 proportion z x 0 approa*$ by ! g5u9e disk ( ! sun4 ,! latt]1 at l5g?1 pass$ into ! l[] c\nt]feit sun1 & ?us rema9$ alone4 ,?is ph5om5on 0 consid]$ ! m wond]ful1 z x 0 p]p5dicul>ly "u ! sun1 in/ead ( be+ at its side1 z p>helia usually are2 n to m5tion ! color1 s diff]5t f t :i* is usual 9 mock suns1 nor ! great l5g? ( ! tail ca/ up by ! g5u9e sun1 ( a f> m vivid & spl5did light ?an p>helia commonly exhibit4 ,?is appe>ance 0 soon foll[$ by an exce$+ly int5se fro/1 :i* la/$ till ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,m>*1 ! :ole bay be+ froz5 up f ! t[n ( ,dantzic to ,hela 9 ! ,baltic sea4 ,on ! tw5ty-eigh? ( ,augu/1 #afih1 ab\t eight o'clock 9 ! morn+1 !re 0 se5 at ,sudbury1 9 ,suffolk1 ,engl&1 ! appe>ance ( ?ree suns1 :i* 7 !n extremely brilliant4 ,b5ea? a d>k1 wat]y cl\d1 9 ! ea/1 ne>ly at its c5t]1 ! true sun %one ) su* /rong beams1 t ! spectators c\ld n look at x2 & on ea* side 7 ! reflections4 ,mu* ( ! firmam5t 0 else:]e ( an azure color4 ,! circles 7 n color$ l ! ra9b[1 b :ite2 & !re 0 also1 at ! same "t1 high] 9 ! firmam5t1 & t[>d ! s\?1 at a consid]able di/ance f ! o!r ph5om5a1 ! =m ( a half-moon1 b app>5tly ( d\ble ! size1 ) ! horns turn$ upw>d4 ,?is appe>ance 01 )91 ( a fi]y r$ color1 imitat+ t ( ! ra9b[4 ,^! ph5om5a fad$ gradually1 aft] hav+ cont9u$ ab\t two h\rs4 ,two mock suns1 an arc ( a ra9b[ inv]t$1 & a halo1 7 se5 at ,lyndon1 9 ! c\nty ( ,rutl&1 on ! tw5ty-second ( ,octob]1 #afba1 at elev5 9 ! morn+4 ,!re _h be5 an aurora borealis ! prec$+ night1 ) ! w9d at we/-s\?-we/4 ,! two p>helia1 or mock suns1 7 bright & di/9ct1 & 9 ! usual places1 namely1 9 ! two int]sections ( a /rong & l>ge portion ( a halo1 ) an imag9>y circle p>allel to ! horizon1 pass+ ?r\gh ! true sun4 ,ea* p>helion _h its tail ( a :ite color1 & 9 direct opposition to ! true sun2 t t[>d ! ea/ be+ "s tw5ty or tw5ty-five degrees long1 & t t[>d ! we/ f t5 to twelve degrees1 bo? n>r[e/ at ! remote ends4 ,! mock suns 7 evid5tly r$ t[>d ! sun1 b pale or :iti% at ! opposite sides1 z 0 ! halo also4 ,/ill high] 9 ! heav5s1 0 an arc ( a curi\sly inv]t$ ra9b[1 ab\t ! middle ( ! di/ance betwe5 ! top ( ! halo & ! v]tex4 ,?is arc 0 z di/9ct 9 its colors z ! common ra9b[1 & ( ! same bread?4 ,! r$ color 0 on ! convex1 & ! blue on ! concave ( ! arc1 :i* seem$ to be ab\t n9ety degrees 9 l5g?1 its c5t] be+ 9 or ne> ! v]tex4 ,on ! top ( ! halo 0 a k9d ( inv]t$ bright arc4 ,?is ph5om5on 0 se5 on ! foll[+ day1 &1 aga91 on ! tw5ty-six?4 ,on ! elev5? ( ! prec$+ mon?1 ,septemb]1 a v spl5did & rem>kable aurora borealis1 pres5t+ truly unacc\ntable motions & removals1 0 witness$ 9 ,rutl&%ire1 9 ,nor?ampton%ire1 & at ,ba?4 ,,lun> ,,ra9b[4 ,?is v r>e ph5om5on 0 witness$ at ,glapwell ,hall1 9 ,d]by%ire1 ,engl&1 on ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,decemb]1 #agaj1 ab\t eight 9 ! ev5+1 ) a rem>kable & v unusual display ( colors4 ,! moon _h pass$ h] full ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & ! ev5+ _h be5 ra9y2 b ! cl\ds 7 disp]s$1 & ! moon !n %one q cle>4 ,?is iris lun>is _h all ! colors ( ! sol> iris1 exce$+ly beautiful & di/9ct1 only fa9t 9 comp>ison ) ^? :i* are se5 9 ! day2 z mu/ necess>ily h be5 ! case1 bo? f ! diff]5t beams by :i* x 0 occasion$1 & ! disposition ( ! m$ium4 ,:at mo/ surpris$ ! obs]v] 0 ! l>g5ess ( ! arc1 :i* 0 n s mu* less ?an t ( ! sun1 z ! diff]5t dim5sions ( _! bodies1 & _! respective di/ances f ! e>?1 seem$ to require2 b ! entir5ess & beauty ( its colors furni%$ a *>m+ spectacle4 ,,conc5tric ,,ra9b[s4 ,?is extraord9>y ph5om5on1 :i* is se5 at sunrise on ! ,&es1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 0 fir/ witness$ by ,ulloa & 8 companions 9 ! wild hea?s ( ,pambam>ca1 & is ?us describ$ by him4 8,at day-break ! :ole ( ! m\nta9 0 envelop$ 9 d5se cl\ds1 :i* at sunrise 7 dissipat$1 leav+ beh9d !m vapors ( s extreme a t5uity1 z n to be di/+ui%able to ! sight4 ,at ! side opposite to t :]e ! sun rose on ! m\nta91 & at ! di/ance ( ab\t sixty y>ds f ! spot :]e we 7 /&+1 ! image ( ea* ( u 0 se5 repres5t$ z if 9 a mirror1 & ?ree conc5tric ra9b[s1 ! la/ or mo/ ext]ior colors ( "o ( :i* t\*$ ! fir/ ( ! foll[+ "o1 7 c5t]$ on ea* head4 ,)\t ! :ole ( !m1 & at an inconsid]able di/ance1 0 se5 a f\r? arc purely :ite4 ,!y 7 all p]p5dicul> to ! horizon2 & 9 proportion z any "o ( u mov$ f "o side to ! o!r1 he 0 accompani$ by ! ph5om5on1 :i* pres]v$ ! same ord] & disposition4 ,:at 01 h[ev]1 mo/ rem>kable1 0 ?is1 t al?\gh six or sev5 p]sons 7 ?us /&+ close toge!r1 ea* ( u saw ! ph5om5on z x reg>d$ himself1 b did n p]ceive x 9 ! o!rs4 ,?is1 adds ,b\gu]1 is a k9d ( apo!osis1 9 :i* ea* ( ! spectators1 see+ 8 head adorn$ ) a glory =m$ ( ?ree or f\r conc5tric cr[ns ( a v vivid color1 ea* ( !m pres5t+ v>ieties simil> to ^? ( ! fir/ ra9b[1 tranquilly enjoys ! s5sible pleasure ( reflect+ t ! brilliant g>l& he c n discov] 9 ! o!rs is de/9$ = himself alone40 ,a simil> ph5om5on is describ$ by ,mr4 ,hag>?1 z hav+ be5 se5 by him 9 ,wales1 on ! ?irte5? ( ,febru>y1 #aghj4 ,8 relation is z foll[s4 8,9 asc5d+1 at ,rhealt1 ! m\nta9 :i* =ms ! ea/]n b\nd>y ( ! vale ( ,clwyd1 79 ,d5bigh%ire17 ,i obs]v$ a r>e & curi\s ph5om5on4 ,9 ! road above me1 ,i 0 /ruck ) ! peculi> appe>ance ( a v :ite1 %9+ cl\d1 :i* lay rem>kably close to ! gr\nd4 ,! sun 0 ne> sett+1 b %one extremely bright3 ,i walk$ up to ! cl\d1 & my %ad[ 0 project$ into x1 its sup]ior "p be+ surr\nd$1 at "s di/ance1 by a circle ( v>i\s colors1 ^: c5t] appe>$ to be ne> ! situation ( ! eye1 & ^: circumf]5ce ext5d$ to ! %\ld]s4 ,?is circle 0 complete1 except :at ! %ad[ ( my body int]cept$4 ,x exhibit$ ! mo/ vivid colors1 ! r$ be+ out]mo/2 & all ( !m appe>+ 9 ! same ord] & proportion z !y are pres5t$ to ! view by ! ra9b[4 ,x resembl$ v exactly :at 9 pictures is t]m$ a glory1 surr\nd+ ! heads ( sa9ts2 n inde$ t x exhibit$ ! lum9\s radiance t is pa9t$ close to ! head1 b an ar* ( conc5tric colors plac$ sep>ately & di/9ctly f x4 ,z ,i walk$ =w>d1 ?is glory approa*$ or retir$1 j z ! inequality ( ! gr\nd %ort5$ or l5g!n$ my %ad[4 ,! cl\d be+ sometimes 9 a small valley bel[ me1 sometimes on ! same level1 or on high] gr\nd1 ! v>iation ( ! %ad[ & glory became extremely /rik+ & s+ul>4 ,to add to ! beauty ( ! sc5e1 !re appe>$1 at a consid]able di/ance to ! "r & left1 ! ar*es ( a :ite1 %9+ b[4 ,^! ar*es 7 9 ! =m (1 & broad] ?an a ra9b[2 b 7 n completely jo9$ into a semicircle above1 on acc\nt ( ! %all[ness ( ! cl\d40 ,,?und] ,,& ,,lightn+4 ,to conceive ju/ly ( ! nature ( ?und] & lightn+1 we h only to view ! effects ( a common electrical ma*9e1 & its app>atus1 9 an ap>tm5t4 ,^! exp]im5ts mimic ! great1 wond]ful & t]rific ph5om5a ( nature4 ,! /ream1 or sp>k1 f ! ma*9e to ! h&1 repres5ts ! %aft ( lightn+ f ! cl\ds to ! e>?2 & ! snapp+ noise ( ! dim9utive sp>k corresponds ) ! explosion produc$ by ! lightn+1 :i* we call ?und]4 ,9 :at mann] ! cl\ds become electrifi$1 &1 9 %ort1 :at is ! nature ( electricity itself1 our pres5t range ( exp]im5ts s little qualify u to det]m9e1 t a c5tury w p]haps elapse be=e a philosophical precision c be atta9$4 ,at pres5t we only "k = c]ta9 t ! electrical p[] displays itself m]ely on ! surface ( bodies2 & :e!r x is a fluid p] se1 a vacuum re/or+ itself1 or :atev] its nature may be1 ! /ate ( exp]im5tal k does n enable u to det]m9e4 ,! obvi\s analogy betwe5 lightn+ & electricity1 _h long be5 suspect$1 & 0 plac$ beyond a d\bt by ,frankl91 :o 0 ! fir/ to conceive ! practicability ( draw+ d[n lightn+ f ! cl\ds4 ,hav+ f\nd by previ\s exp]im5ts1 t ! electric fluid is attract$ by po9ts1 he appreh5d$ t lightn+ might likewise possess ! same quality2 al?\gh ! effects ( ! latt] w\ld 9 t case surpass ^? ( ! =m] 9 an a/oni%+ degree4 ,fla%es ( lightn+1 he likewise obs]v$1 are g5]ally se5 crook$ & wav+ 9 ! air2 & ! electric sp>k drawn f an irregul> body at "s di/ance1 :5 x is drawn by an irregul> body1 or ?r\gh a space 9 :i* ! be/ conductors are dispos$ 9 an irregul> mann]1 always exhibits ! same appe>ance4 ,lightn+ /rikes ! highe/ & mo/ po9t$ objects 9 its way1 9 pref]5ce to o!rs1 z high hills1 trees1 spires1 ma/s1 c42 & all po9t$ conductors receive & ?r[ (f ! electric fluid m readily ?an ^? :i* are t]m9at$ by flat surfaces4 ,lightn+ is obs]v$ to take ! be/ & readie/ conductor2 & ?is is also ! case ) electricity1 9 ! dis*>ge ( ! ,leyd5 phial2 :5ce ,frankl9 inf]r$ t1 9 a ?und]-/orm1 x w\ld be saf] = a p]son to h 8 clo!s wet ?an dry4 ,lightn+ burns1 dissolves metals1 r5ds "s p>ticul> bodies1 su* z ! roots & bran*es ( trees1 /rikes p]sons ) bl9dness1 de/roys animal life1 deprives magnets ( _! virtue & rev]ses _! poles2 & ^! are well kn[n prop]ties ( electricity4 ,lightn+ n only gives pol>ity to ! magnetic ne$le1 b to all bodies :i* h any portion ( iron 9 !m1 z brick1 c42 &1 by obs]v+ :i* way ! poles ( ^! bodies lie1 ! direction 9 :i* ! /roke has pass$ may be kn[n ) ! utmo/ c]ta9ty4 ,9 ord] to demon/rate1 by actual exp]im5t1 ! id5tity ( ! electric fluid ) ! matt] ( lightn+1 ,frankl9 contriv$ to br+ lightn+ f ! heav5s by means ( an electrical kite1 :i* he rais$ on ! approa* ( a ?und]-/orm2 &1 ) ! electricity ?us obta9$1 *>g$ phials1 k9dl$ spirits1 & p]=m$ all o!r electrical exp]im5ts1 z !y are usually exhibit$ by an excit$ globe or tube4 ,?is happ5$ 9 #ageb1 a mon? aft] ! ,fr5* electricians1 pursu+ ! me?od :i* he _h propos$1 _h v]ifi$ ! same !ory2 b )\t any k on 8 "p ( :at !y _h done4 ,on ! foll[+ ye>1 he fur!r discov]$ t ! air is sometimes electrifi$ positively1 & sometimes negatively2 & t 9 ! c\rse ( "o ?und]-/orm1 ! cl\ds *ange f positive to negative electricity sev]al times4 ,he 0 n long 9 p]ceiv+ t ?is important discov]y 0 capable ( be+ appli$ to practical use2 & propos$ a me?od1 :i* he soon accompli%$1 ( secur+ build+s f be+ damag$ by lightn+1 by means ( conductors1 or lightn+-rods1 ! use ( :i* is n[ univ]sally kn[n4 ,f a numb] ( judici\s exp]im5ts made by him1 ,signor ,becc>ia conclud$ t ! cl\ds s]ve z conductors to convey ! electric fluid f ^? p>ts ( ! e>? :i* are ov]load$ ) x1 to ^? :]e x is exhau/$4 ,! same cause by :i* a cl\d is fir/ rais$1 f vapors disp]s$ 9 atmosph]e1 draws to x ^? :i* are already =m$1 & /ill cont9ues to =m new ones1 till ! :ole collect$ mass ext5ds s f> z to rea* a "p ( ! e>? :]e !re is a defici5cy ( ! electric fluid1 & :]e ! electric matt] w dis*>ge itself on ! e>?4 ,a *annel ( communication be+ ?us produc$1 a fre% supply ( electric matt] is rais$ f ! ov]load$ "p1 :i* cont9ues to be convey$ by ! m$ium ( ! cl\ds1 till ! equilibrium ( ! fluid is re/or$ betwe5 ! two places ( ! e>?4 ,he fur!r obs]ves t z ! w9d con/antly bl[s f ! place :]e ! ?und]-cl\d proce$s1 ! sudd5 accumulation ( su* a prodigi\s quantity ( vapors mu/ displace ! air1 & repel x on all sides4 ,inde$1 _m obs]vations ( ! desc5t ( lightn+ confirm 8 !ory ( ! mode ( its asc5t2 = x (t5 ?r[s be=e x ! p>ts ( conduct+ bodies1 & di/ributes !m along ! resi/+ m$ium ?r\gh :i* x mu/ =ce its passage2 & on ?is pr9ciple ! longe/ fla%es ( lightn+ seem to be produc$1 by its =c+ 9 its way "p ( ! vapors 9 ! air4 ,"o ( ! *ief reasons :y ! report ( ^! fla%es is s mu* protract$1 is ! va/ l5g? ( ! vacuum made by ! passage ( ! electric matt]2 = al?\gh ! air collapses ! mom5t aft] x has pass$1 & ! vibration1 on :i* ! s\nd dep5ds1 comm5ces at ! same mom5t1 /ill1 :5 ! fla% is direct$ t[>d ! p]son :o he>s ! report1 ! vibrations excit$ at ! ne>] end ( ! track w rea* 8 e> mu* soon] ?an ^? f ! remote end1 & ! s\nd w1 )\t any e*o or rep]cussion1 cont9ue till all ! vibrations h successively rea*$ him4 ,! rattl+ noise ( ! ?und]1 :i* makes x seem z if x pass$ ?r\gh ar*es or 7 v>i\sly brok51 is probably ow+ to ! s\nd be+ excit$ among cl\ds hang+ ov] "o ano!r1 & ! agitat$ air pass+ irregul>ly betwe5 !m4 ,among o!r precautions po9t$ out by ,frankl91 he recomm5ds to ^? :o happ5 to be 9 ! fields1 at ! "t ( a ?und]-/orm1 to place !mselves )9 a few y>ds ( a tree1 b n q ne> x4 ,signor ,becc>ia1 h[ev]1 cautions p]sons n to dep5d on a high]1 or1 9 all cases1 a bett] conductor ?an _! own body2 s9ce1 accord+ to 8 repeat$ obs]vations1 ! lightn+ by no means desc5ds 9 "o undivid$ track1 b bodies ( v>i\s k9ds conduct _! %>e ( x at ! same "t1 9 proportion to _! quantity & conduct+ p[]4 ,! late ,e>l ( ,/anhope1 9 8 pr9ciples ( electricity1 obs]ves t damage may be done by lightn+1 n only by ! ma9 /roke & lat]al explosion1 b likewise by :at he calls ! return+ /roke2 t is1 by ! sudd5 viol5t return ( t "p ( ! natural %>e ( electricity ( any conduct+ body1 or any comb9ation ( conduct+ bodies1 :i* _h be5 gradually expell$ f su* body or bodies respectively1 by ! sup]9duc$ ela/ic electrical pressure ( a ?und]-cl\d's electrical atmosph]es4 ,among ! awful ph5om5a ( nature1 none h excit$ m t]ror ?an ?und] & lightn+4 ,x is record$ ( sev]al ( ! pr(ligate ,roman emp]ors1 :o _h procur$ !mselves to be deifi$1 t :5 !y he>d ! ?und]1 !y trembl+ly conceal$ !mselves1 ackn[l$g+ a div9e p[] great] ?an _! own2 a ,jupit] ?und]+ 9 ! heav5s4 ,,rem>kable ,,?und]-,,/orms4 ,a few in/ances 9 :i* ! effects ( ^! /orms h be5 p>ticul>ly *>act]iz$1 w be bo? int]e/+ & in/ructive4 ,t f]m5t$ liquors are apt to be s\r$ & spoil$ by ?und]1 is a fact well kn[n2 b t dri$ sub/ances %\ld be s act$ on1 is a /ill m rem>kable ph5om5on1 & n s easy ( explanation4 ,x happ5$1 h[ev]1 "s ye>s ago1 t 9 ! imm5se gran>ies ( ,dantzic1 ! repositories ( ! corn1 ( ,poli% gr[?1 int5d$ = exportation1 ! :eat & rye1 :i* 7 be=e dry & sweet1 71 by ! effect ( a viol5t ?und]-/orm 9 ! night1 r5d]$ clammy & /9k+1 insomu* t x requir$ sev]al weeks to sweet5 !m & r5d] !m fit = %ipp+4 ,! effects ( a ?und]-/orm on a h\se & its furniture1 at ,new ,=ge1 ,irel&1 on ! n9? ( ,augu/1 #agjg1 7 v s+ul>4 ,x 0 obs]v$ t ! day 01 ?r\gh\t1 close1 hot & sultry1 ) sc>cely any w9d1 until t[>d ev5+1 :5 a breeze came on ) mizzl+ ra91 :i* la/$ ab\t an h\r4 ,z ! air d>k5$ aft] sunset1 sev]al fa9t fla%es ( lightn+ 7 se51 & ?und]-claps he>d1 z at a di/ance2 b betwe5 t5 & elev5 o'clock !y became1 9 _! approa*1 v viol5t & t]rible1 progressively increas+ 9 _! int5sity1 & com+ on ) m frequ5cy1 until t[>d midnight4 ,a fla% ( lightn+1 & a clap ( ?und]1 l\d] & m dreadful ?an all ! re/1 came simultane\sly1 & %ook & inflam$ ! :ole h\se4 ,! mi/ress be+ s5sible1 at t in/ant1 ( a /rong sulphure\s smell 9 h] *amb]1 & feel+ a ?ick1 gross du/ fall on h] h&s & face z %e lay 9 b$1 conclud$ t "p ( h] h\se _h be5 ?r[n d[n by ! ?und]1 or set on fire by ! lightn+4 ,! family be+ call$ up1 & c&les light$1 bo? ! b$-*amb]1 & ! kit*5 b5ea? x1 7 f\nd to be fill$ ) smoke & du/4 ,a look+-glass 9 ! *amb] _h be5 brok5 ) su* viol5ce1 t n a piece ( x 0 to be f\nd ( ! size ( half a cr[n3 sev]al ( ! pieces 7 /uck 9 ! *amb]-door1 :i* 0 ( oak1 z well z on ! o!r side ( ! room4 ,! edges & corn]s ( "s ( ! pieces ( brok5 glass 7 t+$ ( a light flame color1 z if !y _h be5 heat$ by ! fire4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ x 0 f\nd t ! cornice ( ! *imney next ! b$-*amb] _h be5 /ruck (f1 & a brea* tw5ty in*es 9 bread?1 made 9 ! wall4 ,at ?is "p !re 0 se5 on ! wall a smutt$ sc> or trace1 z if left by ! smoke ( a c&le1 :i* po9t$ d[nw>d to ano!r "p ( ! wall1 :]e a simil> brea* 0 made4 ,)9 ! *amb]1 ! bo>ds on ! back ( a l>ge hair trunk1 fill$ ) l951 7 =c$ 91 & two-?irds ( ! l95 pi]c$ or cut ?r\gh1 ! cut appe>+ ( a quadrangul> figure4 ,sev]al pieces ( musl9 & we>+ app>el1 :i* lay on ! trunk1 7 disp]s$ ab\t ! room1 n 9 any way s+$ or scor*$1 not)/&+ ! hair on ! back ( ! trunk1 :]e ! brea* 0 made1 0 s+$4 ,9 ! kit*51 a cat 0 f\nd dead1 ) its legs ext5d$ z 9 a mov+ po/ure1 )\t any o!r sign ( be+ hurt1 except t ! fur 0 s+$ a little ab\t ! rump4 ,9 ! p>i% ( ,sam=d ,c\rtney1 ne> ,oakhampton1 9 ,devon1 on ! sev5? ( ,octob]1 #ahaa1 ab\t ?ree 9 ! aft]noon1 a sudd5 d>kness came on4 ,sev]al p]sons be+ 9 ! *ur*-por*1 a great fire-ball fell among !m1 & ?rew !m d[n 9 v>i\s directions1 b )\t any "o be+ hurt4 ,! r+]s 9 ! belfry decl>$ t !y nev] knew ! bells g s heavily1 & 7 oblig$ to desi/ f r++4 ,look+ d[n f ! belfry into ! *ur*1 !y p]ceiv$ f\r fire-balls1 :i* sudd5ly bur/1 & ! *ur* 0 fill$ ) fire & smoke4 ,"o ( ! congregation receiv$ a bl[ 9 ! neck1 :i* caus$ him to ble$ bo? at nose & m\?4 ,he obs]v$ ! fire & smoke to asc5d to ! t[]1 :]e a l>ge beam1 on :i* "o ( ! bells 0 hung1 0 brok51 & ! gudgeon break+1 ! bell fell to ! floor4 ,"o ( ! p9nacles ( ! t[]1 next ! t[n1 0 c>ri$ away1 & sev]al ( ! /ones 7 f\nd ne> a b>n1 at a consid]able di/ance f ! *ur*4 ,on ! fifte5? ( ,decemb]1 #aged1 a va/ body ( lightn+ fell on ! great hulk at ,plym\?4 ,x bur/ out a mile or two to ! we/w>d ( ! hulk1 & ru%$ t[>d x ) incr$ible velocity4 ,a portion ( ! d]rick 7a "p ( ! app>atus :i* s]v$ to hoi/ 9 & fix ! ma/s ( ! m5-(-w>7 0 cut out1 ( a diamet] ( at lea/ eighte5 in*es1 & ab\t fifte5 feet 9 l5g?3 ?is p>ticul> piece 0 9 ?ree or f\r places girt ) iron hoops1 ab\t two in*es broad1 & half an in* ?ick1 :i* 7 completely cut 9 two by ! lightn+1 z if done by ! nice/ h& & in/rum5t4 ,! lightn+ 0 imm$iately succe$$ by a dreadful peal ( ?und]1 & t by a mo/ viol5t %[] ( hail1 ! hail/ones be+ z l>ge z nutmegs1 & = ! greate/ "p ( ! same size & %ape4 ,among ! _m fatal accid5ts by lightn+ :i* h befall5 %ips1 ! foll[+ is a rem>kable in/ance4 ,9 ! ye> #agdf1 a ,dut* %ip lay 9 ! road ( ,batavia1 & 0 prep>+ to dep>t = ,b5gal4 ,! aft]noon 0 calm1 & t[>d ev5+ ! sails 7 loos$1 to take advantage ( ! w9d :i* !n con/antly bl[s f ! l&4 ,a black cl\d ga!r$ ov] ! hills1 & 0 br\ght by ! w9d t[>d ! %ip1 :i* x _h no soon] rea*$1 ?an a clap ( ?und] bur/ f x1 & ! lightn+ set fire to ! ma9topsail3 ?is be+ v dry1 burn$ ) great fury3 & ?us ! rigg+ & ma/ 7 set on fire4 ,an attempt 0 imm$iately made to cut away ! ma/1 b ?is 0 prev5t$ by ! fall+ ( ! burnt rigg+ f ! head ( ! ma/4 ,by degrees ! fire communicat$ to ! o!r ma/s1 & oblig$ ! crew to des]t ! %ip1 ! hull ( :i* aft]w>d took fire1 & burn+ d[n to ! p[d] magaz9e1 ! upp] "p 0 bl[n into ! air1 & ! l[] "p sunk :]e ! %ip 0 at an*or4 ,9 cross+ ! ,atlantic1 9 ! mon? ( ,novemb]1 #agdi1 ! crew ( an ,engli% %ip obs]v$ a l>ge ball ( blue fire roll+ on ! wat]4 ,x came d[n on !m s fa/1 t be=e !y c\ld raise ! ma9-tack1 !y obs]v$ ! ball to rise almo/ p]p5dicul>ly1 & )9 a few y>ds ( ! ma9 *a9s3 x w5t (f ) an explosion z if hundr$s ( cannon _h be5 fir$ (f simultane\sly1 & left beh9d x a great smell ( brim/one4 ,! ma9topma/ 0 %att]$ into a ?\s& pieces1 & spl9ts driv5 out ( ! ma9ma/ :i* /uck 9 ! ma9-deck4 ,five seam5 7 knock$ d[n1 & "o ( !m greatly burnt1 by ! explosion4 ,! fireball 0 app>5tly ( ! size ( a l>ge mill/one1 & came f ! nor?-ea/4 ,! +5i\s & indefatigable ,pr(essor ,ri*man lo/ 8 life on ! six? ( ,augu/1 #agec1 z he 0 obs]v+1 ) ,m4 ,sokol[1 engrav] to ! royal academy ( ,/4 ,pet]sburgh1 ! effects ( electricity on 8 gnomon1 dur+ a ?und]-/orm4 ,x 0 asc]ta9$ t ! lightn+ 0 m p>ticul>ly direct$ into ! pr(essor's ap>tm5t1 by ! means ( 8 electrical app>atus1 = ,m4 ,sokol[ di/9ctly saw a globe ( blue fire1 z l>ge z 8 cl5*$ h&1 jump f ! rod ( ! "r gnomon1 t[>d ! =ehead ( ,pr(essor ,ri*man1 :o at t in/ant 0 ab\t a foot di/ant f ! rod1 obs]v+ ! electrical index4 ,! globe ( fire :i* /ruck ! pr(essor1 0 att5d$ ) a report z l\d z t ( a pi/ol4 ,! ne>e/ metal wire 0 brok5 9 pieces1 & its fragm5ts ?r[n on ,m4 ,sokol['s clo!s1 on :i* burnt m>ks ( _! dim5sions 7 left4 ,half ( ! glass vessel 0 brok5 (f1 & ! metallic fil+s x conta9$ ?r[n ab\t ! room4 ,h5ce x is pla9 t ! =ce ( ! lightn+ 0 collect$ on ! "r rod1 :i* t\*$ ! fil+s ( metal 9 ! glass vessel4 ,on exam9+ ! effects ( ! lightn+ 9 ! pr(essor's *amb]1 ! door-case 0 f\nd split half ?r\gh1 & ! door torn (f1 & ?r[n into ! *amb]4 ,! lightn+ !re=e seems to h cont9u$ its c\rse along ! *a9 conduct$ "u ! ceil+ ( ! ap>tm5t4 ,9 a ,lat9 treatise1 publi%$ by ,m4 ,lomonos[1 memb] ( ! royal academy ( sci5ces ( ,/4 ,pet]sburgh1 sev]al curi\s p>ticul>s are m5tion$ relative to ?is melan*oly cata/rophe4 ,at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 ,pr(essor ,ri*man _h 9 8 left coat-pocket sev5ty silv] co9s1 call$ rubles1 :i* 7 n 9 ! lea/ alt]$ by ! accid5t :i* befell him4 ,8 clock1 :i* /ood 9 ! corn]1 ( ! next room1 betwe5 an op5 w9d[ & ! door1 0 /opp$2 & ! a%es f ! he>? ?r[n ab\t ! ap>tm5t4 ,_m p]sons )\t doors decl>$ t !y actually saw ! lightn+ %oot f ! cl\d to ! pr(essor's app>atus at ! top ( 8 h\se4 ,! au?or1 9 speak+ ( ! ph5om5a ( electricity1 obs]ves t he once saw dur+ a /orm ( ?und] & lightn+1 bru%es ( electrical fire1 ) a hiss+ noise1 communicate betwe5 ! iron rod ( 8 app>atus & ! sides ( 8 w9d[1 & t ^! 7 ?ree feet 9 l5g?1 & a foot 9 bread?4 ,some:at analog\s to ^! movem5ts ( electricity1 are ^? connect$ ) ! electric telegraph dur+ ! viol5t ?und]-/orms t s (t5 take place 9 ! summ] season4 ,:5 su* /orms are rag+1 & p>ticul>ly :5 ! lightn+ is abundant & ne>1 n only is ! op]ation ( ! telegraph entirely susp5d$1 b sometimes ! lightn+ itself passes ) great viol5ce ov] ! wires1 9 "s cases melt+ & de/roy+ !m1 & 9 o!rs pass+ by !m z x does by ! lightn+-rod1 & manife/+ its viol5ce *iefly at ! po9t ( _! t]m9ation4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ! wires h be5 in/antly melt$ by ! electric fluid1 & 9 o!rs ! ma*9]y ( ! (fices injur$ or de/roy$1 :ile at o!r times p]sons h be5 /ruck1 or dwell+s set on fire by its p[]4 ,,hail-,,/orms4 ,on ! sev5te5? ( ,july1 #afff1 a viol5t /orm ( hail fell on ! ,engli% coa/1 9 ,norfolk & ,suffolk4 ,at ,nor? ,y>m\? ! hail/ones 7 comp>atively small2 b at ,snapebridge1 "o 0 tak5 up :i* measur$ a foot 9 circumf]5ce2 at ,seck=d ,hall1 "o :i* measur$ n9e in*es2 & at ,melton1 "o measur+ eight in*es4 ,at ,fri/on ,hall1 "o ( ^! hail/ones1 be+ put into a balance1 weigh$ two ounces & a half4 ,at ,aldbor\gh1 x 0 affirm$ t sev]al ( !m 7 z l>ge z turkeys' eggs4 ,a c>t] _h 8 head brok5 by !m ?r\gh a /iff felt hat3 9 "s places x bl$1 & 9 o!rs tumors arose3 ! horses 7 s pelt$ t !y hurri$ away 8 c>t beyond all comm&4 ,! hail/ones 7 :ite1 smoo? )\t1 & %9+ )94 ,on ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,may1 #afhf1 ! city ( ,lille1 9 ,fl&]s1 0 visit$ by a trem5d\s hail-/orm4 ,! hail/ones weigh$ f a qu>t] ( a p\nd to a p\nd 9 weight1 & ev5 m4 ,"o 0 obs]v$ to conta9 9 ! c5t] a d>k br[n matt]1 & be+ ?r[n into ! fire1 gave a v l\d report4 ,o!rs 7 transp>5t1 & melt$ in/antly be=e ! fire4 ,?is /orm pass$ ov] ! city & citadel1 leav+ n a :ole glass 9 ! w9d[s on ! w9dw>d side4 ,! trees 7 brok51 & "s beat5 d[n1 & p>tridges & h>es kill$ 9 abundance4 ,9 #afig1 a horrid black cl\d1 att5d$ ) frequ5t lightn+s & ?und]1 com+ ) a s\?-we/ w9d out ( ,ca]n>von%ire1 9 ,wales1 & pass+ ne> ,sn[don1 0 ! precursor ( a mo/ trem5d\s hail/orm4 ,9 ! "p ( ,d5bigh%ire bord]+ on ! sea1 all ! w9d[s on ! wea!r side 7 brok5 by ! hail/ones dis*>g$ f ?is cl\d1 & ! p\ltry & lambs1 toge!r ) a l>ge ma/iff1 kill$4 ,9 ! nor? "p ( ,fl9t%ire1 sev]al p]sons _h _! heads brok51 & 7 griev\sly bruis$ 9 _! limbs4 ,! ma9 body ( ?is hail-/orm fell on ,lanca%ire1 9 a "r l9e f ,ormskirk to ,blackburn1 on ! bord]s ( ,york%ire4 ,! bread? ( ! cl\d 0 ab\t two miles1 )9 :i* compass x did incr$ible damage1 kill+ all descriptions ( f[l & small creatures1 & sc>cely leav+ a :ole pane ( glass 9 any ( ! w9d[s :]e x pass$4 ,:at 0 /ill worse1 x pl[$ up ! e>?1 & cut (f ! blade ( ! gre5 corn1 s z utt]ly to de/roy x1 ! hail/ones bury+ !mselves 9 ! gr\nd4 ,^! hail/ones1 "s ( :i* weigh$ five ounces1 7 ( diff]5t =ms1 "s r\nd1 o!rs semi-sph]ical2 "s smoo?1 o!rs emboss$ & cr5ulat$1 l ! foot ( a dr9k+-glass1 ! ice be+ v transp>5t & h>d2 b a sn[y k]nel 0 9 ! mid/ ( mo/ ( !m1 if n ( all4 ,! =ce ( _! fall %[$ t !y desc5d$ f a great hight4 ,:at 0 ?\ght to be mo/ extraord9>y 9 ?is ph5om5on 01 t ! vapor :i* dispos$ ! aque\s p>ts ?us to congeal1 %\ld h cont9u$ undisp]s$ = s long a tract z upw>d ( sixty miles1 & %\ld1 dur+ ?is ext5sive passage1 h occasion$ s extraord9>y a coagulation & congelation ( ! wat]y cl\ds1 z to increase ! hail/ones to s va/ a bulk 9 s %ort a space z t ( _! fall4 ,on ! f\r? ( ,may1 #agfg1 at ,hit*91 9 ,h]t=d%ire1 aft] a viol5t ?und]-/orm1 a black cl\d sudd5ly arose 9 ! s\?-we/1 ab\t two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 ! w9d !n bl[+ /rongly 9 ! ea/1 & 0 almo/ in/antly foll[$ by a %[] ( hail1 sev]al ( ! hail/ones measur+ f sev5 or eight to ?irte5 or f\rte5 in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! extremity ( ! /orm fell ne> ,(fley1 :]e a "y man 0 kill$1 & "o ( 8 eyes 0 beat5 out ( 8 head1 8 body be+ 9 e "p cov]$ ) bruises4 ,ano!r p]son1 ne>] to ,(fley1 escap$ ) 8 life1 b 0 mu* bruis$4 ,at a nobleman's seat 9 ! vic9ity1 sev5 ?\s& squ>es ( glass 7 brok51 & great damage 0 done to all ! neighbor+ h\ses4 ,! l>ge hail/ones fell 9 su* imm5se quantities1 t !y tore up ! gr\nd1 & split _m l>ge oaks & o!r trees1 cutt+ d[n ext5sive fields ( rye1 & de/roy+ sev]al hundr$ acres ( :eat1 b>ley1 c4 ,_! figures 7 v>i\s1 "s be+ oval1 o!rs r\nd1 o!rs po9t$1 & o!rs aga9 flat4 ,,hurricanes4 ,! ru9 & desolation accompany+ a hurricane c sc>cely be describ$4 ,l fire1 its resi/less =ce rapidly consumes ev]y?+ 9 its track4 ,x is g5]ally prec$$ by an awful /illness ( ! elem5ts1 & a clos5ess & mi/9ess 9 ! atmosph]e1 :i* make ! sun appe> r$1 & ! />s ( m ?an an ord9>y magnitude4 ,b a dreadful rev]se succe$+1 ! sky is sudd5ly ov]ca/ & wild2 ! sea rises at once f a pr(\nd calm into m\nta9s2 ! w9d rages & ro>s l ! noise ( cannon2 ! ra9 desc5ds 9 a deluge2 a dismal obscurity envelops ! e>? ) d>kness2 & ! sup]ior regions appe> r5t ) lightn+ & ?und]4 ,! e>?1 on ^! occasions1 (t5 does1 & always seems to tremble1 :ile t]ror & con/]nation di/ract all nature3 birds are c>ri$ f ! woods into ! ocean2 & ^? ^: elem5t is ! sea1 fly = refuge to ! l&4 ,! affright$ animals 9 ! fields assemble toge!r1 & are almo/ suffocat$ by ! impetuosity ( ! w9d1 9 se>*+ = %elt]1 :i*1 :5 f\nd1 s]ves !m only = de/ruction4 ,! ro(s ( h\ses are c>ri$ to va/ di/ances f _! walls1 :i* are beat5 to ! gr\nd1 bury+ _! inmates b5ea? !m4 ,l>ge trees are torn up by ! roots1 & huge bran*es %iv]$ (f1 & driv5 ?r\gh ! air 9 e direction1 ) imm5se velocity4 ,e tree & %rub t )/&s ! %ock1 is /ripp$ ( its b\ghs & foliage4 ,plants & grass are laid flat to ! e>?4 ,luxuriant spr+ is 9 a mom5t *ang$ to dre>y w9t]4 ,?is direful trag$y end$1 :5 x happ5s 9 a t[n1 ! deva/ation is survey$ ) accumulat$ horror3 ! h>bor is cov]$ ) wrecks ( boats & vessels2 & ! %ore has n a ve/ige ( its =m] /ate rema9+4 ,m\nds ( rubbi% & raft]s 9 "o place2 heaps ( e>? & trunks ( trees 9 ano!r2 deep gullies f torr5ts ( wat]2 & ! dead & dy+ bodies ( m51 wom5 & *ildr51 half-buri$1 & scatt]$ ab\t1 :]e /reets b a few h\rs be=e 71 pres5t to ! mis]able survivors a %ock+ conclusion ( a spectacle1 (t5 foll[$ by fam9e1 &1 :5 accompani$ by an e>?quake1 by mortal diseases4 ,su* is ! true & t]rific picture ( a hurricane 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 z drawn by an actual obs]v]4 ,on ! ,indian coa/1 hurricanes are bo? frequ5t & disa/r\s4 ,on ! second ( ,octob]1 #agdf1 ! ,fr5* squadron1 comm&$ by ,le ,b\rdonnai1 be+ at an*or 9 ,madras roads1 a hurricane came on :i* 9 a few h\rs de/roy$ ne>ly ! :ole ( ! fleet1 toge!r ) tw5ty o!r %ips belong+ to diff]5t nations4 ,"o ( ! ,fr5* %ips f\nd]$ 9 an in/ant1 & only six ( ! crew 7 sav$4 ,on ! ?irtie? ( ,decemb]1 #agfj1 dur+ ! siege ( ,pondi*]ry1 a trem5d\s hurricane drove a%ore & wreck$ ?ree ,briti% %ips belong+ to ! besieg+ squadron3 ! crews 7 sav$4 ,on ! tw5tie? ( ,octob] ( ! foll[+ ye>1 #agfa1 ! ,briti% fleet1 !n ly+ 9 ,madras roads1 _h to enc\nt] a viol5t hurricane4 ,! m5-(-w> put to sea1 & 7 ?us provid5tially sav$2 b all ! vessels :i* /ill lay at an*or 7 lo/1 & sc>cely a s\l on bo>d sav$4 ,on ! tw5ty-n9? ( ,octob]1 #agfh1 ano!r hurricane 01 on ! coa/ ( ,corom&el1 fatal to ! ,*a?am ,indiaman1 :i* neglect$ to put to sea4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 a trem5d\s hurricane on ! tw5ty-fir/ ( ,octob]1 #ahag1 0 p>ticul>ly sev]e at ! isl& ( ,/4 ,lucie4 ,all ! vessels 9 ! port 7 entirely lo/4 ,! gov]nm5t-h\se 0 bl[n d[n1 & all )9 its walls1 compris+ ! gov]nor1 8 lady & *ild1 8 /aff1 secret>ies1 s]vants1 c41 am\nt+ to ab\t ?irty p]sons1 7 buri$ 9 its ru9s3 n "o surviv$ ! dreadful accid5t2 & /ill m horrid to relate1 ! b>racks ( ! (fic]s & soldi]s 7 demoli%$1 & all )9 !m 7ab\t two hundr$ p]sons7 lo/4 ,all ! e/ates on ! isl& 7 r$uc$ to a heap ( a%es4 ,at ,dom9ica1 ne>ly ! :ole ( ! t[n 0 inundat$1 ) an imm5se de/ruction ( prop]ty4 ,9 ,great ,brita91 a dreadful hurricane1 commonly call$ ! great /orm1 set 9 at t5 at night on ! tw5ty-six? ( ,novemb]1 #agjc1 & rag$ viol5tly until sev5 ! next morn+4 ,x ext5d$ its ravages to e "p ( ! k+dom4 ,9 ! capital1 upw>d ( two ?\s& /acks ( *imneys 7 bl[n d[n4 ,! lead on ! tops ( sev]al *ur*es 0 roll$ up l sk9s ( p>*m5t4 ,_m h\ses 7 level$ ) ! gr\nd1 & by ! fall ( ! ru9s1 tw5ty-"o p]sons 7 kill$1 & m ?an two hundr$ w\nd$4 ,! %ips 9 ! ,?ames broke f _! moor+s3 f\r hundr$ :]ries 7 lo/1 & _m b>ges sunk1 ) a great loss ( lives4 ,at sea ! de/ruction 0 /ill great]3 twelve %ips ( w>1 ) upw>d ( eighte5 hundr$ m5 on bo>d1 7 totally lo/1 toge!r ) _m m]*antm54 ,,! ,,monsoons4 ,! sett+ 9 ( ! monsoon1 or tropical sea-w9d1 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 is ?us describ$ by ,=bes 9 8 8,ori5tal ,memoirs40 ,! sc5e 0 at ,b>o*e1 :]e ! ,briti% army 0 encamp$4 8,! %ades ( ev5+ approa*$ z we rea*$ ! gr\nd1 & j z ! encampm5t 0 complet$1 ! atmosph]e grew sudd5ly d>k1 ! heat became oppressive1 & an unusual /illness presag$ ! imm$iate sett+ 9 ( ! monsoon4 ,! :ole appe>ance ( nature resembl$ ^? solemn preludes to e>?quakes & hurricanes 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 f :i* ! ea/ 9 g5]al is provid5tially free4 ,we 7 all[$ v little "t = conjecture2 9 a few m9utes ! heavy cl\ds bur/ ov] u4 ,i _h witness$ sev5te5 monsoons 9 ,india1 b ?is exce$$ !m all 9 its awful appe>ance & dreadful effects4 ,encamp$ 9 a l[ situation1 on ! bord]s ( a lake =m$ to collect ! surr\nd+ wat]1 we f\nd ourselves 9 a few h\rs 9 a liquid pla94 ,! t5t-p9s giv+ way1 9 a loose soil1 ! t5ts fell d[n1 & left ! :ole army expos$ to ! cont5d+ elem5ts4 ,x requires a lively imag9ation to conceive ! situation ( a hundr$ ?\s& human be+s ( e description1 ) m ?an two hundr$ ?\s& elephants1 camels1 horses & ox51 sudd5ly ov]:elm$ by ?is dreadful /orm1 9 a /range c\ntry1 )\t any k ( high or l[ gr\nd2 ! :ole be+ cov]$ by an imm5se lake1 & surr\nd$ by ?ick d>kness1 :i* prev5t$ our di/+ui%+ a s+le object1 except su* z ! vivid gl>e ( lightn+ display$ 9 horrible =ms4 ,no language c describe ! wreck ( a l>ge encampm5t ?us in/antane\sly de/roy$1 & cov]$ ) wat]1 & ?is amid ! cries ( old m5 & helpless wom51 t]rifi$ by ! pi]c+ %rieks ( _! expir+ *ildr51 unable to af=d !m relief4 ,dur+ ?is dreadful night1 m ?an two hundr$ p]sons & ?ree ?\s& cattle p]i%$1 & ! morn+ dawn exhibit$ a %ock+ spectacle40 ,! s\?-we/ monsoon g5]ally sets 9 v e>ly 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,india4 8,at ,anj5go10 obs]ves ! above au?or1 8x comm5ces ) great sev]ity1 & pres5ts an awful spectacle2 ! inclem5t wea!r cont9ues1 ) m or less viol5ce1 f ,may to ,octob]3 dur+ t p]iod1 ! tempe/u\s ocean rolls f a black horizon1 lit]ally ( #8d>kness visible1' a s]ies ( float+ m\nta9s heav+ "u ho>y summits1 until !y approa* ! %ore1 :5 _! /up5d\s accumulations fl[ 9 successive surges1 & break ^u ! bea*2 e n9? wave is obs]v$ to be g5]ally m trem5d\s ?an ! re/1 & ?reat5s to ov]:elm ! settlem5t4 ,! noise ( ^! bill[s equals t ( ! l\de/ cannon1 &1 ) ! ?und] & lightn+1 s frequ5t 9 ! ra9y season1 is truly awful4 ,dur+ ! t$i\s monsoon ,i pass$ at ,anj5go1 ,i (t5 /ood ^u ! trembl+ s&-bank1 to contemplate ! solemn sc5e1 & d]ive com=t f t sublime & omnipot5t decree1 #8,hi!rto %alt ?\ come1 b no fur!r2 & "h %all ?y pr\d waves be /ay$6'0 ,,:irlw9ds ,,& ,,wat]sp\ts4 8,! dreadful sp\t ,:i* %ipm5 d ! hurricano call ,con/r+'d 9 mass by ! almighty sun40 ,,%akspe>e 7,troilus & ,cressida47 ,9 numb] ?ree hundr$ & two ( ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 ,sir ,ri*>d ,phillips1 9 describ+ a wat]sp\t obs]v$ by him1 po9ts out ! connection betwe5 ^? ph5om5a & hurricanes1 & (f]s a v philosophical explanation ( ! =mation ( ! =m]4 ,x happ5$ to him1 he obs]ves1 on ! tw5ty-sev5? ( ,june1 #ahag1 ab\t sev5 9 ! ev5+1 to witness ! =mation1 op]ation & ext9ction ( :at is call$ a wat]sp\t4 ,8 att5tion 0 drawn to a sudd5 hurricane :i* ne>ly tore up ! %rubs & vegetables 9 ! we/]n g>d5s1 & fill$ ! air ) leaves & small collections ( ! rec5tly cut grass4 ,v d>k cl\ds _h collect$ ov] ! adjac5t c\ntry1 & "s /ormy ra91 accompani$ by sev]al /rokes ( lightn+1 foll[$ ?is hurricane ( w9d4 ,! viol5ce la/$ a few m9utes1 & x 0 evid5t t a :irlw9d agitat$ a v>iety ( sub/ances :i* _h be5 rais$ into ! air4 ,! /orm proce$$ f we/ to ea/1 t is1 f ,hamp/ead ov] ,k5ti%-,t[n1 t[>d ,holl[ay4 ,9 ab\t five m9utes1 9 ! direction ( ! latt] place1 a magnific5t projection 0 visible f ! cl\ds1 some:at l a tunnel1 ) ! smalle/ "p d[nw>d4 ,x desc5d$ two-?irds ( ! di/ance f ! cl\ds t[>d ! e>?1 & evid5tly consi/$ ( p>ts ( cl\ds desc5d+ 9 a vortex1 viol5tly agitat$ l smoke f ! *imney ( a furnace rec5tly suppli$ ) fuel4 ,x !n %ort5$1 & appe>$ to be drawn up t[>d ! /ratum ( cl\ds1 & f9ally drew itself into ! cl\d2 b a small cone1 or project+ ?read1 ( v>y+ size & l5g?1 cont9u$ = t5 m9utes4 ,at ! "t1 & = half an h\r aft]1 a sev]e /orm ( ra9 0 visibly fall+ f ! ru9s ( cl\ds connect$ ) x1 ! ext5t be+ exactly def9$ by ! bread? ( ,holl[ay1 ,highgate & ,hornsey4 ,ab\t two h\rs aft]1 x 0 f\nd t "o ( ! heavie/ torr5ts ( ra9 rememb]$ by ! inhabitants1 _h fall5 ar\nd ! foot ( ,highgate hill2 & "s p]sons hav+ se5 ! project$ cl\d1 an absolute belief exi/$ t a wat]sp\t _h bur/ at ! cross+ ( ! new & old roads4 ,on proce$+ t[>d ,london1 v>i\s acc\nts agree+ ) ! sup]/ition or preconceiv$ notions ( ! by/&]s 7 giv52 & at "o place x appe>$ t "s haymak]s 7 /ack+ hay f a wagon :i* /ood betwe5 two ricks1 & t ! same :irlw9d :i* pass$ ov] ,k5ti%-,t[n1 _h pass$ ov] ! load$ wagon ) an impetus suffici5t to c>ry x ab\t tw5ty y>ds f its /ation1 & to put ! m5 on x & on ! rick1 9 fe> ( _! lives4 ,pass+ ! road1 x c>ri$ ) x a /ream ( hay1 &1 ne>ly unro(+ a %$ on ! o!r side1 fill$ ! air to a great hight ) fragm5ts ( hay1 leaves & b\ghs ( trees1 :i* resembl$ a va/ flight ( birds4 ,a family 9 ! vic9ity beheld ! desc5d+ cl\d1 or wat]sp\t1 pass ov]1 & saw its tra91 :i*1 at ! "t1 !y took to be a flight ( birds4 ,!y aft]w>d beheld ! desc5d+ cl\d draw itself upw>d1 & !y & o!r witnesses describ$ x z a va/ mass ( smoke work+ ab\t 9 agitation2 to !m x 0 ne>ly v]tical 9 a nor!rn direction2 & to p]sons a qu>t] ( a mile nor?1 x 0 ne>ly v]tical 9 a s\!rn direction2 & all agree t x drew itself up )\t ra91 & 0 foll[$ ne> ! e>? by ! tra9 ( light bodies4 ,x appe>$ also1 on v>i\s te/imony1 to let itself d[n 9 a gradual & hesitat+ mann]1 beg9n+ ) a sort ( knob 9 ! cl\d1 & !n desc5d+ l[]1 & curl+ & twi/+ ab\t till x %ort5$1 & gradually drew itself into ! cl\d4 ,! inf]5ces :i* ,sir ,ri*>d draws f :at he saw & he>d1 are z foll[s4 ,t ! ph5om5on call$ a wat]sp\t is a m]e collection ( cl\ds1 ( ! same r>ity z ! mass :5ce !y are drawn4 ,t ! desc5t is a me*anical effect ( ! :irlw9d1 :i* creat+ a vacuum1 or high degree ( r>efaction1 ext5d+ betwe5 ! cl\ds & ! e>?1 ! cl\ds desc5d 9 x by _! gravity1 or by ! pressure ( ! surr\nd+ cl\ds or air4 ,t ! convolutions ( ! desc5d+ mass1 & ! s5sible :irlw9d felt at ! e>?1 z well z ! appe>ance ( ! comm5cem5t1 increase & decrease ( ! mass1 all demon/rate ! :irl ( ! air to be ! me*anical cause4 ,t ! same vortex1 :irl or eddy ( ! air1 :i* occasions ! cl\ds to desc5d1 occasions ! loose bodies on ! e>? to asc5d4 ,t1 if 9 ?is case ! l[] surface _h be5 wat]1 ! same me*anical p[] w\ld h rais$ a body ( foam1 vapor & wat]1 t[>d ! cl\ds4 ,t1 z soon z ! vortex or :irl exhau/s or dissipates itself1 ! ph5om5a t]m9ate by ! fall to ! l[] surface ( ! light bodies or wat]1 & by ! asc5t ( ! cl\d4 ,t :5 wat] con/itutes ! light body ( ! l[] surface1 x is probable t ! aque\s vapor ( ! cl\d1 by coalesc+ ) x1 may occasion ! cl\ds to cond5se1 & fall at t po9t1 z ?r\gh a siphon4 ,t if ! desc5d+ cl\d be highly electrifi$1 & ! vortex pass ov] a conduct+ body1 z a *ur* /eeple1 x is probable x may be cond5s$ by an electrical concussion1 & fall at t spot1 dis*>g+ :atev] has be5 tak5 up f ! l[] surface1 & produc+ ! /range ph5om5a ( %[]s ( frogs1 fi%1 c4 ,&1 la/ly1 x appe>s c]ta91 t ! action ( ! air on ! mass ( cl\ds1 press+ t[>d ! m\? ( ! vortex z to a funnel1 7:i*1 9 ?is case1 x exactly repres5t$17 occasion$ su* a cond5sation z to augm5t ! simultane\s fall ( ra9 to a prodigy4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,july1 #ahjj1 a wat]sp\t 0 se5 rapidly to approa* a %ip navigat+ betwe5 ! ,lip>i isl&s4 ,x _h ! appe>ance ( a viscid fluid1 tap]+ 9 its desc5t1 & proce$+ f ! cl\d to jo9 ! sea4 ,x mov$ at ! rate ( ab\t two miles an h\r1 ) a l\d s\nd ( ra91 pass+ ! /]n ( ! %ip1 & wett+ ! aft] "p ( ! ma9sail4 ,x 0 !nce conclud$ t wat]sp\ts are n cont9u\s columns ( wat]1 :i* has be5 confirm$ by subsequ5t obs]vations4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahja1 ab\t tw5ty miles f ,trie/e1 9 ! ,adriatic sea1 a wat]sp\t 0 se5 eight miles to ! s\?w>d3 r\nd its l[] extremity 0 a mi/1 twelve feet high1 ne>ly ( ! =m ( an ,ionian capital1 ) v l>ge volutes1 ! sp\t re/+ obliquely on its cr[n4 ,at "s di/ance f ?is sp\t1 ! sea began to be agitat$1 & a mi/ rose to ! hight ( ab\t f\r feet3 a projection !n desc5d$ f ! black cl\d :i* 0 imp5d+1 & met ! asc5d+ mi/ ab\t tw5ty feet above ! sea1 ! la/ t5 y>ds ( ! di/ance be+ describ$ ) great rapidity4 ,a cl\d ( a light color appe>$ to asc5d 9 ?is cl\d l quicksilv] 9 a glass tube4 ,! fir/ sp\t !n snapp$ at ab\t "o-?ird ( its hight1 ! inf]ior "p subsid+ gradually1 & ! sup]ior curl+ upw>d4 ,sev]al o!r projections f ! cl\d1 appe>$ ) correspond+ agitations ( ! wat] bel[1 b n always 9 sp\ts v]tically "u !m3 sev5 sp\ts 9 all 7 =m$1 & two o!r projections reabsorb$4 ,"s ( ! sp\ts 7 n only oblique1 b curv$1 ! asc5d+ cl\d mov+ mo/ rapidly 9 ^? :i* 7 v]tical4 ,!y la/$ f ?ree to five m9utes1 & _! dissipation 0 n att5d$ ) any fall ( ra94 ,= "s days be=e ! wea!r _h be5 v ra9y1 ) a s\?-ea/ w9d1 b n any ra9 _h fall5 on ! day ( obs]vation4 ,9 "s cases1 h[ev]1 ! wat]sp\t at sea1 is a cont9u\s column ( wat]1 c>ri$ upw>d f ! surface ( ! waves1 & possibly meet+ ) wat] br\ght d[n f ! cl\ds & cond5s$ by ! =ce ( ! revolv+ hurricane4 ,su* wat]sp\ts are n[ & !n se5 on ! ocean1 hav+ an appe>ance l t repres5t$ 9 ! cut on ! next page4 ,& z ! w9d bl[s fir/ ?is way1 & !n t1 !y (t5 wri! & b5d1 f "o po9t to ano!r1 :ile ! sea bel[1 & all ar\nd1 is agitat$ & cov]$ ) foam4 ,woe to t vessel t comes )9 ! rea* ( "o ( ^! mighty ph5om5a4 ,x w\ld be cru%$ & sunk l a leaf on ! wat]s4 ,! usual def5se at sea is to fire a cannon-%ot into ! :irl+ wat]sp\t1 :i* commonly breaks & dispels x1 & causes ! wat] to fall 9 a trem5d\s cat>act or %[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]sp\t ,,on ,,! ,,ocean4 ,wat]sp\ts1 h[ev]1 are n conf9$ to ! ocean4 ,!y are occasionally witness$ on ! great fre%-wat] lakes ( our own c\ntry1 z !y h be5 on ! inl& seas ( o!r p>ts ( ! globe4 ,sev]al ( ^! rem>kable ph5om5a 7 se5 9 #ahed1 on ,lake ,ont>io1 two ( :i* 7 visible at ,sodus po9t4 ,!y 7 d5se1 cone-%ap$ columns1 & =m$ a cont9u\s l9e f ! e>? to ! cl\ds4 ,"o ( !m1 ! l>ge/1 :i* 0 ne>ly ?irty feet 9 diamet]1 0 precipitat$ aga9/ ! bluffs1 & broke ) a deaf5+ noise ^u ! rocks bel[1 caus+ s great a commotion ( ! wat]s t a l>ge quantity ( logs & lumb] 7 torn f _! moor+s & wa%$ f> out into ! lake4 ,! small] ( ! two pursu$ its t]rific & onw>d c\rse z f> z ! eye c\ld rea*1 fill+ ! behold]s ) wond] & a/oni%m5t1 & awak5+ su* a feel+ ( gr&eur & sublimity t !y /ood almo/ mute & /atue-l1 until ! s\nd ( ?is gigantic column ( wat] di$ f> away 9 ! di/ance4 ,a portion ( ! pi] ( ! light-h\se 0 swept away by ! elem5ts1 & consid]able damage 0 done to ! light-h\se4 ,!re 0 a sev]e /orm out on ! lake1 & sev]al s*oon]s1 brigs1 c41 came scudd+ 91 "u b>e poles1 seek+ security f ! tempe/u\s bill[s )\t1 ^u ! placid bosom ( ! h>bor4 ,! velocity & p[] ( ! :irlw9d :i* caus$ ^! wat]sp\ts1 7 v great4 ,z x pass$ on we/w>d 9 its furi\s c\rse1 x is said t 9 a t[n 9 ,ohio1 a grove ( oak-trees 0 almo/ entirely bl[n d[n by x4 ,! trunk ( "o ( ^! trees1 on be+ measur$1 0 f\nd to be ab\t ?ree feet 9 diamet]4 ,assum+1 h[ev]1 t its diamet] 0 b two & a half feet1 x w\ld require to break x1 a =ce ( "o hundr$ & =ty-n9e ?\s& p\nds4 ,! surface ( ! tree expos$ to ! action ( ! w9d1 0 ab\t "o ?\s& squ>e feet1 :i* w\ld give a pressure by ! w9d ( "o hundr$ & =ty-sev5 p\nds to ! squ>e foot1 or a velocity ( n less ?an "o hundr$ & sev5ty-"o miles p] h\r1 :i* is ne>ly "o-f\r? ! velocity ( a cannon-ball j leav+ ! cannon4 ,all[+ ! hight ( ! hurricane or :irlw9d to h be5 sixty feet1 ! :ole =ce ex]t$1 at "o "t1 along its track1 0 equal to m ?an half ! /eam p[] ( ! globe6 ,^! correspond+ ph5om5a ( :irlw9ds h be5 occasionally productive ( mu* mis*ief1 z ! foll[+ brief n>ratives w %[4 ,on ! ?irtie? ( ,octob]1 #affi1 ab\t six 9 ! ev5+1 ! w9d be+ !n we/w>dly1 a =midable :irlw9d1 sc>cely ( ! bread? ( sixty y>ds1 & :i* sp5t itself 9 ab\t sev5 m9utes1 arose at ,a%ly1 9 ,nor?ampton%ire1 ,engl&4 ,its fir/ assault 0 on a milkmaid1 ^: pail & hat 7 tak5 f (f h] head1 & ! =m] c>ri$ _m scores ( y>ds f h]1 :]e x lay undiscov]$ = "s days4 ,x next /orm$ a f>my>d1 :]e x blew a wagon body (f ! axletrees1 break+ 9 pieces ! latt]1 & ! :eels1 ?ree ( :i*1 ?us %att]$1 7 bl[n ov] a wall4 ,ano!r wagon1 :i* did n1 l ! =m]1 lie across ! passage ( ! w9d1 0 driv5 ) great spe$ aga9/ ! side ( ! f>m-h\se4 ,a bran* ( an a%-tree1 s l>ge t two /\t m5 c\ld sc>cely lift x1 0 bl[n ov] a h\se )\t damag+ x1 al?\gh torn f a tree "o hundr$ y>ds di/ant4 ,a slate 0 c>ri$ ne>ly two hundr$ y>ds1 & =c$ aga9/ a w9d[1 ! iron b> ( :i* x b5t4 ,sev]al h\ses 7 /ripp$2 & 9 "o in/ance1 ?is p[]ful gu/1 or /ream ( air1 =c$ op5 a door1 break+ ! lat*2 :5ce x pass$ ?r\gh ! entry1 &1 =c+ op5 ! dairy door1 ov]turn$ ! milk-pans1 & blew out ?ree panes ( glass4 ,x next asc5d$ to ! *amb]s1 & blew out n9e o!r panes4 ,la/ly1 x blew a gate-po/1 fix$ two feet & a half 9 ! gr\nd1 out ( ! e>?1 & c>ri$ x _m y>ds into ! fields4 ,on ! ?irtie? ( ,octob]1 #agca1 at "o 9 ! morn+1 a v sudd5 & t]rific :irlw9d1 hav+ a bread? ( two hundr$ y>ds1 0 exp]i5c$ at ,c]ne-,abbas1 9 ,dorset%ire4 ,f ! s\?-we/ side ( ! t[n1 x pass$ to ! nor?-ea/1 cross+ ! c5t]1 & unro(+ ! h\ses 9 its progress4 ,x root$ up trees1 broke o!rs 9 ! middle1 ( at lea/ a foot squ>e1 & c>ri$ ! tops a consid]able di/ance4 ,a sign-po/1 five feet by f\r1 0 brok5 (f six feet 9 ! pole1 & c>ri$ across a /reet =ty feet 9 bread?1 ov] a h\se opposite4 ,! p9nacles & battlem5ts ( "o side ( ! *ur*-t[] 7 ?r[n d[n1 & ! leads & timb] ( ! nor? aisle brok5 9 by _! fall4 ,a %ort "t be=e1 ! air 0 rem>kably calm4 ,x 0 e/imat$ t ?is sudd5 & t]rible gu/ did n la/ m ?an two m9utes4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,augu/1 #agda1 at t5 9 ! morn+1 sev]al peasants be+ on a hea? ne> ,holkham1 9 ,norfolk1 p]ceiv$1 ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile f !m1 a w9d l a :irlw9d approa* !m gradually1 9 a /raight l9e f ea/ to we/4 ,x pass$ ?r\gh ! field :]e !y 7 pl[+1 & tore up ! /ubble & grass 9 ! pl[$ gr\nd1 = two miles 9 l5g?1 to ! bread? ( ?irty y>ds4 ,9 rea*+ an inclosure at ! top ( a ris+ gr\nd1 x appe>$ l a great fla% or ball ( fire1 emitt+ smoke1 & accompani$ by a noise simil> to t ( c>ts pass+ ov] a /ony gr\nd4 ,bo? be=e & aft] ! w9d pass$1 !re 0 a /rong smell ( sulphur2 & ! noise 0 he>d long aft] ! smoke _h be5 p]ceiv$4 ,?is fi]y :irlw9d mov$ s sl[ly =w>d1 t x 0 ne>ly t5 m9utes 9 proce$+ f ! inclosure to a f>m-h\se 9 ! vic9ity1 :]e x did mu* mis*ief4 ,,s\nds ,,& ,,e*oes4 ,s\nd is propagat$ successively f ! s\nd+ body to ! places :i* are ne>e/ to x1 !n to ^? m di/ant1 c4 ,e obs]v] kn[s t :5 a gun is fir$ at a consid]able di/ance f him1 he p]ceives ! fla% a c]ta9 "t be=e he he>s ! report2 & ! same ?+ is true ) respect to ! /roke ( a hamm]1 or ( a hat*et1 ! fall ( a /one1 or1 9 %ort1 any visible action :i* produces a s\nd or s\nds4 ,9 g5]al1 s\nd travels ?r\gh ! air at ! rate ( elev5 hundr$ & =ty-two feet 9 a second1 or ab\t ?irte5 miles 9 a m9ute4 ,?is is ! case ) all k9ds ( s\nds2 ! s(te/ :isp] fly+ z fa/ z ! l\de/ ?und]4 ,s\nd1 l light1 aft] x has be5 reflect$ f sev]al places1 may be collect$ into "o po9t z a focus1 :]e x w be m audible ?an 9 any o!r "p2 & on ?is pr9ciple :isp]+ gall]ies are con/ruct$4 ,! p>ticul>s relative to ! celebrat$ :isp]+ gall]y 9 ! dome ( ,/4 ,paul's *ur*1 ,london1 w be compreh5d$ 9 ! description ( t noble edifice4 ,an e*o is ! reflection ( s\nd /rik+ aga9/ a surface adapt$ to ! purpose1 z ! side ( a h\se1 a brick wall1 hill1 c41 & return+ back aga9 to ! e>1 at di/9ct int]vals ( "t4 ,if a p]son /& ab\t sixty-five or sev5ty feet f su* a surface1 & p]p5dicul>ly to x1 & speak1 ! s\nd w /rike aga9/ ! wall1 & be reflect$ back1 s t he w he> x z x goes to ! wall1 & aga9 on its return4 ,if a bell situat$ 9 ! same way be /ruck1 & an obs]v] /& betwe5 ! bell & ! reflect+ surface1 he w he> ! s\nd go+ to ! wall1 & also on its return4 ,la/ly1 if ! s\nd /rike ! wall obliquely1 x w g (f obliquely1 s t a p]son :o /&s 9 a direct l9e betwe5 ! bell & ! wall w n he> ! e*o4 ,accord+ to ! great] or less di/ance f ! speak]1 a reflect+ object w return ! e*o ( sev]al1 or ( few] syllables2 = all ! syllables mu/ be utt]$ be=e ! e*o ( ! fir/ syllable rea*es ! e>1 to prev5t ! confusion :i* w\ld o!rwise ensue4 ,9 a mod]ate way ( speak+1 ab\t ?ree & a half syllables are pron\nc$ 9 "o second1 or sev5 syllables 9 two seconds3 !re=e1 :5 an e*o repeats sev5 syllables1 ! reflect+ object is elev5 hundr$ & =ty-two feet di/ant2 = s\nd travels at ! rate ( elev5 hundr$ & =ty-two feet p] second1 & ! di/ance f ! speak] to ! reflect+ object1 & aga9 f ! latt] to ! =m]1 is twice elev5 hundr$ & =ty-two feet4 ,:5 ! e*o returns f\rte5 syllables1 ! reflect+ object mu/ be tw5ty-two hundr$ & eighty-f\r feet di/ant1 & s on4 ,! mo/ rem>kable e*o record$1 is at ! palace ( a nobleman1 )9 two miles ( ,milan1 9 ,italy4 ,! build+ is ( "s l5g? 9 front1 & has two w+s jutt+ =w>d2 s t x wants only "o side ( an oblong figure4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ paces be=e ! mansion1 a small brook glides g5tly2 & ov] ?is brook is a bridge =m+ a communication betwe5 ! mansion & ! g>d54 ,a pi/ol hav+ be5 fir$ at ?is spot1 fifty-six reit]ations ( ! report 7 he>d4 ,! fir/ tw5ty 7 di/9ct2 b 9 proportion z ! s\nd di$ away1 & 0 answ]$ at a great] di/ance1 ! repetitions 7 s d\bl$ t !y c\ld sc>cely be c\nt$1 ! pr9cipal s\nd appe>+ to be salut$ 9 its passage by reports on ei!r side at ! same "t4 ,a pi/ol ( a l>g] calib] hav+ be5 aft]w>d dis*>g$1 & consequ5tly ) a l\d] report1 sixty di/9ct reit]ations 7 c\nt$4 ,f ?is example x foll[s1 t ! fur!r ! reflect+ surface is1 ! great] numb] ( syllables ! e*o w repeat2 b t ! s\nd w be enfeebl$ ne>ly 9 ! same proportion1 until at l5g? ! syllables c n be di/9ctly he>d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! reflect+ object is too ne>1 ! repetition ( ! s\nd rea*es ! e>1 :il/ ! p]ception ( ! orig9al s\nd /ill cont9ues1 9 :i* case an indi/9ct res\nd+ is he>d1 z may be obs]v$ 9 empty rooms1 passages1 c4 ,9 su* places1 sev]al reflections f ! walls to ! he>]1 z also f "o wall to ! o!r1 & !n to ! he>]1 cla% ) ea* o!r1 & increase ! indi/9ctness ( ! s\nd4 ,,buri$ ,,cities4 ,,! ,,yan>1 ,,or ,,p]petual ,,fire4 ,be=e pass+ on to ! buri$ cities ( ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 x may be z well to notice a s+ul> ph5om5on1 suppos$ by "s to be ( volcanic orig91 viz41 ! ,yan>1 or p]petual fire4 ,capta9 ,beau=t1 ( ! ,briti% navy1 among ! int]e/+ details ( 8 survey ( ,k>amania1 on ! s\? coa/ ( ,asia ,m9or1 describes ?is curi\s ph5om5on2 & f 8 acc\nt ! foll[+ p>ticul>s are extract$1 z supplem5t>y to & connect$ ) ! details ( volcanoes & _! effects4 ,hav+ p]ceiv$ dur+ ! night a small b /eady light among ! hills1 he f\nd t ?is 0 repres5t$ by ! inhabitants z a yan> or volcanic light2 & on ! foll[+ morn+ curiosity l$ him to visit ! spot4 ,9 ! inn] corn] ( a ru9$ build+ he came to a wall1 s und]m9$ z to leave an ap]ture ( ab\t ?ree feet 9 diamet]1 & %ap$ l ! m\? ( an ov54 ,f ?is ap]ture ! flame issu$1 giv+ out an int5se heat1 b )\t produc+ any smoke on ! wall2 & al?\gh sev]al small lumps ( cak$ soot 7 deta*$ f ! neck ( ! op5+1 ! walls 7 sc>cely discolor$4 ,trees1 bru%wood & we$s1 grew close ar\nd ?is little crat]2 a small /ream trickl$ d[n ! hill 9 its vic9ity2 & ! gr\nd did n appe> to feel ! effect ( its heat at m ?an a few y>ds' di/ance4 ,no volcanic productions 7 p]ceiv$ ne> to x2 b at a %ort di/ance1 l[] d[n on ! side ( ! hill1 0 ano!r hole or ap]ture1 :i* _h app>5tly be5 at "s remote p]iod ! v5t ( a simil> flame4 ,x 0 ass]t$1 h[ev]1 by ! guide1 t1 9 ! memory ( ! pres5t race ( inhabitants1 !re _h be5 b "o su* volcanic op5+1 & t its size & appe>ance _h be5 con/antly ! same4 ,he add$1 t x 0 nev] accompani$ by e>?quakes or noises2 & t x did n eject ei!r /ones1 smoke or noxi\s vapors2 b t its brilliant & p]petual flame c\ld n be qu5*$ by any quantity ( wat]4 ,at ?is flame1 he obs]v$1 ! %eph]ds 7 9 ! habit ( cook+ _! food4 ,?is ph5om5on appe>$ to ,capta9 ,beau=t to h exi/$ = _m ages1 & he 0 p]suad$ t x is ! spot to :i* ,pl9y alludes 9 ! foll[+ passage3 8,m\nt ,*im]a1 ne> ,phaselis1 emits an unceas+ flame1 :i* burns day & night40 ,)9 a %ort di/ance is ! great m\nta9 ( ,takhtalu1 ! nak$ summit ( :i* rises1 9 an insulat$ peak1 sev5ty-eight hundr$ feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ a few /reaks ( sn[ 7 disc]nible on ! peak2 b _m ( ! di/ant m\nta9s ( ! int]ior 7 completely :ite = ne>ly a f\r? ! way d[n _! sides4 ,x may h5ce be inf]r$1 t ! elevation ( ?is "p ( ,m\nt ,taurus is n less ?an t5 ?\s& feet1 :i* is equal to t ( ,m\nt ,etna4 ,su* a /rik+ feature z ?is /up5d\s m\nta91 9 a c\ntry inhabit$ by illit]ate & cr$ul\s p1 c n fail to h be5 ! subject ( num]\s tales & traditions4 ,accord+ly1 ! capta9 0 in=m$ by ! peasants1 t !re is a p]petual fl[ ( ! pure/ wat] f ! v apex2 & t not)/&+ ! sn[1 :i* 0 /ill l+]+ 9 ! *asms1 roses blew !re all ! ye> r\nd4 ,he 0 assur$ by ! agha ( ,delikta%1 t e autumn a midnight groan is he>d to issue f ! summit ( ! m\nta91 l\d] ?an ! report ( any cannon1 b unaccompani$ by fire or smoke4 ,! agha pr(ess$ 8 ignorance ( ! cause1 b on be+ press$ = 8 op9ion1 gravely repli$1 t he believ$ x 0 an annual summons to ! elect1 to make ! be/ ( _! way to ,p>adise4 ,h[ev] amus+ ?is !ory may h be51 x may possibly be true t su* explosions take place4 ,! m\nta9 artill]y he>d by ,lewis & ,cl>ke1 among ! ,rocky m\nta9s1 & simil> ph5om5a :i* are said to h occurr$ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 seem to l5d "s probability to ! acc\nt4 ,! natives h also a tradition1 t :5 ,moses fl$ f ,egypt1 he took up 8 abode ne> ?is m\nta91 :i* 0 !re=e nam$ ,moossa-,daghy1 or ! m\nta9 ( ,moses4 ,betwe5 ?is /ory1 & ! ,yan>1 z x has be5 describ$ above1 may !re n h be5 "s fanciful connection8 ,! site ( ?is volcanic op5+ is at an inconsid]able di/ance f ! m\nta92 & ! flame issu+ f ! ?icket :i* surr\nds x1 may h l$ to "s confus$ association ) ! burn+ bu% on ,m\nt ,horeb1 ( :i* we h ! acc\nt 9 ! book ( ,exodus4 ,,pompeii4 ,to e travel] ?r\gh ! s\!rn "p ( ,europe1 ,pompeii & ,h]culaneum are1 ( c\rse1 ! objects ( e>lie/ att5tion & deepe/ int]e/4 ,! tragic /ory ( ^! buri$ t[ns is n[ famili> to mo/ intellig5t p]sons2 :ile ! vivid romance ( ,bulw] makes "o feel z if he _h kn[n ! inhabitants1 & almo/ z ?\gh he _h be5 a witness ( ! cata/rophe4 ,! /ory is record$ n m fai?fully by ! y\ng] ,pl9y1 9 8 celebrat$ lett] to ,tacitus1 ?an x is pla9ly read 9 ! mat]ial evid5ce1 ^: unexpect$ discov]y1 almo/ 9 our own day1 has suppli$ bo? to ! antiqu>ian & ! geologi/1 mo/ valu$ & tru?ful evid5ces2 contempor>y records1 exp\nd+ to ! antiqu>y an int]e/+ *apt] ( human hi/ory1 fill$ ) ! m9ute/ details ( p]sonal int]e/1 & to ! geologi/1 ! close ( "o & ! comm5cem5t ( ano!r ( ^? great cycles ( *ange1 ^: hi/ory1 /rangely connect$ 9 ?is in/ance ) ! vicissitudes ( 8 own race1 engrosses 8 delight$ att5tion4 ,a great & ri* t[n1 :i*1 aft] sleep+ eighte5 c5turies 9 its deep & d>k grave1 is aga9 %one on by ! sun1 & /&s among o!r cities z mu* a /rang] to !m z any "o ( its =m] inhabitants w\ld be among m5 ( ! pres5t day1 is surely "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w2 & su* is ,pompeii4 ,! di/ance f ,naples to ,pompeii1 is little m ?an t5 ,engli% miles4 ,ne> ! ,torre dell',annunziata1 to ! left1 & amid hills plant$ ) v9ey>ds1 ! t[n itself1 :i*1 ?r[+ (f its %r\d ( a%es1 came =? f its grave1 breaks on ! view4 ,! build+s are )\t ro(s1 :i* are suppos$ to h be5 de/roy$ by ! lava1 or torn (f by ! hurricane :i* prec$$ x4 ,! tracks ( ! :eels :i* anci5tly roll$ ov] ! pavem5t are /ill visible4 ,an elevat$ pa? runs by ! side ( ! h\ses1 = foot-pass5g]s2 &1 to enable !m 9 ra9y wea!r to pass m commodi\sly to ! opposite side1 l>ge flat /ones1 ?ree ( :i* take up ! wid? ( ! road1 7 laid at a di/ance f ea* o!r4 ,z ! c>riages1 9 ord] to avoid ^! /ones1 7 oblig$ to use ! int]m$iate spaces1 ! tracks ( ! :eels are !re mo/ visible4 ,! :ole ( ! pavem5t is 9 good condition3 x consi/s m]ely ( consid]able pieces ( lava1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are n cut z at pres5t into squ>es1 & may h be5 on t acc\nt ! m durable4 ,! "p :i* 0 fir/ cle>$1 is suppos$ to h be5 ! ma9 /reet ( ,pompeii2 b ?is is mu* to be d\bt$1 z ! h\ses on bo? sides1 ) ! exception ( a few1 7 evid5tly ! habitations ( common citiz5s1 & 7 small & provid$ ) boo?s4 ,! /reet itself likewise is n>r[3 two c>riages only c\ld g abrea/2 & x is v unc]ta9 :e!r x ran ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! t[n2 =1 f ! spot :]e ! mod]ns discont9u$ digg+1 to t :]e !y recomm5c$1 & :]e ! same /reet is suppos$ to h be5 aga9 f\nd1 a wide tract is cov]$ ) v9ey>ds1 :i* may p]haps occupy ! places ( ! mo/ spl5did /reets & m>kets1 /ill conceal$ und]nea?4 ,among ! objects :i* attract p>ticul> att5tion1 is a boo? 9 :i* liquors 7 sold2 ! m>ble table )9 :i*1 be>s ! m>ks ( ! cups left by ! dr9k]s4 ,next to ?is is a h\se1 ! ?re%old ( :i* is inlaid ) a salutation 9 black /one1 z a tok5 ( hospitality4 ,on ent]+ ! habitations1 ! visitor is /ruck by ! /rang5ess ( _! con/ruction4 ,! middle ( ! h\se =ms a squ>e1 some?+ l ! cross passages ( a cloi/]1 (t5 surr\nd$ by pill>s3 x is cleanly1 & pav$ ) p>ty-color$ mosaic1 :i* has an agreeable effect4 ,9 ! middle is a cool+ well1 & on ea* side a little *amb]1 ab\t t5 or twelve feet squ>e1 b l(ty1 & pa9t$ ) a f9e r$ or yell[4 ,! floor is ( mosaic2 & ! door is made g5]ally to s]ve z a w9d[1 !re be+ b "o ap>tm5t :i* receives light ?r\gh a ?ick blue glass4 ,_m ( ^! rooms are suppos$ to h be5 b$-*amb]s1 because !re is an elevat$1 broad /ep1 on :i* ! b$ may h /ood1 & because "s ( ! pictures appe> mo/ appropriate to a sleep+-room4 ,o!rs are suppos$ to h be5 dress+-rooms1 f ! fact t on ! walls a ,v5us is describ$ decorat$ by ! ,graces1 add$ to :i*1 little flasks & boxes ( v>i\s descriptions h be5 f\nd 9 !m4 ,! l>g] ( ^! ap>tm5ts s]v$ = d9+-rooms1 & 9 "s are suitable accommodations = cold & hot ba?s4 ,! mann] 9 :i* a :ole room 0 heat$1 is p>ticul>ly curi\s4 ,aga9/ ! usual wall a second 0 erect$1 /&+ at a little di/ance f ! fir/4 ,= ?is purpose l>ge squ>e tiles 7 tak51 hav+1 l mod]n tiles1 a sort ( hook1 ?us keep+ ! fir/ wall z x 7 (f f !m3 a holl[ space 0 ?us left all ar\nd1 f ! top to ! bottom1 into :i* pipes 7 introduc$1 t c>ri$ ! w>m? into ! *amb]1 & z x 7 r5d]$ ! :ole ( ! place "o /ove4 ,! anci5ts 7 also att5tive to avoid ! vapor or smell f _! lamps4 ,9 "s h\ses !re is a ni*e made 9 ! wall = ! lamp1 ) a little *imney 9 ! =m ( a funnel1 ?r\gh :i* ! smoke escap$4 ,opposite to ! h\se-door ! l>ge/ room is plac$3 x is prop]ly a sort ( hall1 = x has only ?ree walls1 be+ q op5 9 ! =e "p4 ,! side rooms h no connection ) ea* o!r1 b are divid$ (f 9 little cells1 ! door ( ea* lead+ to a f\nta94 ,mo/ ( ! h\ses consi/ ( "o su* squ>e1 surr\nd$ by rooms4 ,9 a few1 "s decay$ /eps seem to h l$ to an upp] /ory1 :i* is no long] 9 exi/5ce4 ,"s habitations1 h[ev]1 probably belong+ to ! ri*] & m fa%ionable1 are f> m spaci\s4 ,9 ^!1 a fir/ c\rt is (t5 connect$ ) a second1 & ev5 ) a ?ird1 by passages3 9 o!r respects _! arrangem5ts are simil> to ^? above describ$4 ,_m g>l&s ( fl[]s & v9e-bran*es1 & _m h&some pictures1 are /ill to be se5 on ! walls4 ,! guides 7 =m]ly p]mitt$ to spr9kle ^! pictures ) fre% wat]1 9 ! pres5ce ( travel]s1 & ?us revive _! =m] spl5dor = a mom5t3 b ?is is n[ /rictly =bidd52 &1 inde$1 n )\t reason1 s9ce ! frequ5t wat]+ might at l5g? totally rot away ! wall4 ,"o ( ! h\ses belong$ to a /atu>y1 ^: work%op is /ill full ( ! ve/iges ( 8 art4 ,ano!r appe>s to h be5 inhabit$ by a surgeon1 ^: pr(ession is equally evid5t f ! in/rum5ts discov]$ 9 8 *amb]4 ,a l>ge c\ntry-h\se ne> ! gate1 und\bt$ly belong$ to a v weal?y man1 & w\ld1 9 fact1 /ill invite inhabitants )9 its walls4 ,x is v ext5sive1 /&s aga9/ a hill1 & has _m /ories4 ,its f9ely decorat$ rooms are unusually spaci\s2 & x has airy t]races1 f :i* y look d[n into a pretty g>d51 t has be5 n[ aga9 plant$ ) fl[]s4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is g>d5 is a l>ge fi%pond1 & ne> t an asc5t f :i*1 on two sides1 six pill>s desc5d4 ,! h9d] pill>s are ! highe/1 ! middle some:at l[]1 & ! front ! l[e/3 !y appe>1 !re=e1 r to h propp$ a slop+ ro(1 ?an to h be5 de/9$ = an arbor4 ,a cov]$ passage1 re/+ on pill>s1 incloses ! g>d5 on ?ree sides2 x 0 pa9t$1 & probably s]v$ 9 ra9y wea!r z an agreeable walk4 ,b5ea? is a f9e ar*$ cell>1 :i* receives air & light by sev]al op5+s f )\t2 consequ5tly its atmosph]e is s pure1 t 9 ! hotte/ "p ( summ] x is always refre%+4 ,a numb] ( amphor1 or l>ge w9e-vessels1 are to be se5 "h1 /ill lean+ aga9/ ! wall1 z ! butl] left !m :5 he c>ri$ up ! la/ goblet ( w9e = 8 ma/]4 ,_h ! inhabitants ( ,pompeii pres]v$ ^! vessels ) /opp]s1 w9e might /ill h be5 f\nd 9 !m2 b z x 01 ! /ream ( a%es runn+ 91 ( c\rse =c$ out ! w9e4 ,m ?an tw5ty human skeletons ( fugitives1 :o ?\ght to save !mselves "h "u gr\nd1 b :o mu/ h exp]i5c$ a t5fold m cruel dea? ?an ^? suff]$ :o 7 9 ! op5 air1 7 f\nd 9 ?is cell>4 ,! de/9y ( ! ,pompeians mu/ h be5 dreadful4 ,x 0 n a /ream ( fire t encompass$ _! abodes3 !y c\ld !n h s\ght refuge 9 flight4 ,nei!r did an e>?quake swall[ !m up2 sudd5 suffocation w\ld !n h sp>$ !m ! pangs ( a l+]+ dea?4 ,b a ra9 ( a%es buri$ !m alive ,,by ,,degrees6 ,he> ! del9eation ( ,pl9y3 8,a d>kness sudd5ly ov]spread ! c\ntry2 n l ! d>kness ( a moonless night2 b l t ( a clos$ room1 9 :i* ! light is ( a sudd5 ext+ui%$4 ,wom5 scream$1 *ildr5 moan$1 m5 cri$4 ,"h1 *ildr5 7 anxi\sly call+ _! p>5ts2 & !re1 p>5ts 7 seek+ _! *ildr51 or husb&s _! wives2 all recogniz$ ea* o!r only by _! cries4 ,! =m] lam5t$ _! own fate1 & ! latt] t ( ^? de>e/ to !m4 ,_m wi%$ = dea?1 f ! fe> ( dy+4 ,_m call$ on ! gods = assi/ance3 o!rs despair$ ( ! exi/5ce ( ! gods1 & ?\ght ?is ! la/ et]nal night ( ! _w4 ,actual dang]s 7 magnifi$ by unreal t]rors4 ,! e>? cont9u$ to %ake1 & m51 half-di/ract$1 to reel ab\t1 exagg]at+ _! own fe>s1 & ^? ( o!rs1 by t]rify+ pr$ictions40 ,su* is ! frightful b true picture :i* ,pl9y gives u ( ! horrors ( ^? :o 71 h[ev]1 f> f ! extremity ( _! mis]y4 ,b :at mu/ h be5 ! feel+s ( ! ,pompeians1 :5 ! ro>+ ( ! m\nta9 & ! quak+ ( ! e>?1 awak$ !m f _! fir/ sleep8 ,!y also attempt$ to escape ! wra? ( ! gods2 &1 seiz+ ! mo/ valuable ?+s !y c\ld lay _! h&s ^u 9 ! d>kness & confusion1 endeavor$ to seek _! safety 9 flight4 ,9 ?is /reet1 & 9 front ( ! h\se m>k$ ) ! fri5dly salutation on its ?re%old1 sev5 skeletons 7 f\nd3 ! fir/ c>ri$ a lamp1 & ! re/ _h /ill betwe5 ! bones ( _! f+]s some?+ t !y wi%$ to save4 ,on a sudd5 !y 7 ov]tak5 by ! /orm :i* desc5d$ f heav51 & buri$ 9 ! grave ?us made = !m4 ,be=e ! above m5tion$ c\ntry-h\se1 0 /ill a male skeleton1 /&+ ) a di% 9 8 h&2 &1 z he wore on 8 f+] "o ( ^? r+s :i* 7 all[$ to be worn by ,roman knights only1 he is suppos$ to h be5 ! ma/] ( ! h\se1 :o _h j op5$ ! back g>d5 gate ) ! int5t ( fly+1 :5 ! %[] ov]:elm$ him4 ,sev]al skeletons 7 f\nd 9 ! v po/ure 9 :i* !y _h brea!d _! la/1 )\t hav+ be5 =c$ by ! agonies ( dea? to drop ! ?+s !y _h 9 _! h&s4 ,?is leads to a conjecture1 t ! ?ick mass ( a%es mu/ h come d[n all at once1 9 su* imm5se quantities z in/antly to cov] !m4 ,x c n o!rwise be imag9$ h[ ! fugitives c\ld all h be5 fix$1 z x 7 by a *>m1 9 _! position2 9 :i* mann] _! de/9y 0 ! less dreadful1 see+ t ,dea? sudd5ly conv]t$ !m into motionless /atues1 & ?us 0 /ripp$ ( all ! horrors ) :i* ! fe>s ( ! suff]]s _h clo!d him 9 imag9ation4 ,b :at !n mu/ h be5 ! pitiable condition ( ^? :o _h tak5 refuge 9 ! build+s & cell>s6 ,buri$ 9 ! ?icke/ d>kness1 !y 7 seclud$ f ev]y?+ b l+]+ torm5t2 & :o c pa9t to himself )\t %udd]+1 a sl[ dissolution approa*+1 amid all ! agonies ( body & ( m9d8 ,! s\l recoils f ! contemplation ( su* images4 ,to proce$ n[ to ! public edifices4 ,! temple ( ,isis is /ill /&+1 ) its ,doric pill>s1 & its walls pa9t$ ) emblems ( ! s]vice ( ! deity1 su* z ! hippopotamus1 cocoa-blossom1 ibis1 c4 ,a view ( x is giv5 9 ! cut4 ,! sacr$ vessels1 lamps & tables ( ,isis1 are /ill to be se54 ,f a little *apel )91 a poison\s vapor is said to h =m]ly aris51 :i* ! hea!n prie/s may h us$ = e species ( deception4 ,?is vapor is said to h increas$ aft] ! viol5t eruption ( ,vesuvius2 b x has n latt]ly giv5 out ! slighte/ smell4 ,a small ,grecian temple1 ( :i* only two pill>s rema91 _h be5 probably already de/roy$ by an e>?quake1 :i*1 9 ! reign ( ,titus1 prec$$ ! dreadful irruption ( ! volcano4 ,on ! opposite side ( ?is temple !re is /ill an edifice1 call$ ! qu>t]s ( ! soldi]s1 because all sorts ( arms1 pictures ( soldi]s1 & a skeleton 9 *a9s1 7 f\nd !re4 ,by o!rs x has be5 consid]$ z ! =um ( ,pompeii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,temple ,,( ,,isis ,,at ,,pompeii4 ,two !at]s1 ! small] "o p>ticul>ly1 are 9 an excell5t /ate ( pres]vation4 ,! /ructure ( ?is "o is su* z 0 usually adopt$ by ! anci5ts1 & is bett] arrang$ ?an "s ( mod]n con/ruction1 z x af=ds ! spectators commodi\s seats1 a free view ( ! /age1 & facility ( he>+4 ,al?\gh suffici5tly l>ge to conta9 two ?\s& p]sons1 ! plebeians1 /&+ 9 a broad gall]y at ! top1 7 q z able to see all t 0 pass+ on ! /age1 z ! magi/rate 9 8 m>ble balcony4 ,9 ?is gall]y ! arrangem5ts = spread+ ! sail-clo? ov] ! spectators are /ill visible4 ,! /age itself is v broad1 z x has no side walls2 & appe>s less deep ?an x really is4 ,a wall runs across x1 & cuts (f j z mu* room z is necess>y = ! accommodation ( ! p]=m]s4 ,b ?is wall has ?ree v broad doors2 ! middle "o is di/+ui%$ by its hight1 & ! space beh9d x is /ill deep] ?an 9 front4 ,if ^! doors1 z may be conjectur$1 always /ood op51 ! /age 0 9 fact l>ge1 & af=d$ besides ! advantage ( be+ able to display a d\ble sc5]y3 if1 = example1 ! sc5e 9 front 0 t ( a /reet1 !re might h be5 beh9d a free prospect into ! op5 field4 ,! cemet]y lies be=e ! gate ( ! high road4 ,! tomb ( ! prie/ess ,mammea is v rem>kable3 x 0 erect$1 accord+ to ! epitaph1 by virtue ( a decree ( ! decemvirs4 ,9 ! mid/ ( little boxes ( /one1 9 squ>e piles1 & on a sort ( alt>1 ! family urns 7 plac$ 9 ni*es2 & )\t ^! piles ! brok5 masks are /ill to be se54 ,9 front ( ! cemet]y1 by ! road-side1 is a beautiful seat1 =m+ a semicircle1 t w conta9 tw5ty or ?irty p]sons4 ,x 0 probably ov]%ad$ by trees eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago2 "u :i* ! wom5 ( ,pompeii sat 9 ! cool ev5+s1 :ile _! *ildr5 play$ be=e !m1 & view$ ! cr[ds :i* 7 pass+ ?r\gh ! gate4 ,to ! above p>ticul>s f ! p5 ( ! elegant & lively ,kotzebue1 ! foll[+ details1 giv5 by a lat] & accurate travel]1 are subjo9$4 ,! entrance into ,pompeii is by a quadrangul> c\rt2 & ?is c\rt is surr\nd$ on e side by a colonnade :i* supports ! ro( ( a gall]y2 & ! latt] leads to sev]al small ap>tm5ts1 n unlike ! cells ( a prison4 ,! columns are ( brick1 /ucco$ ov]1 & pa9t$ ( a deep r$3 !y are 9 hight f t5 to twelve feet1 are plac$ at ab\t a l di/ance f ea* o!r1 & are ( ! ,doric ord]1 flut$ two-?irds f ! top1 & well proportion$4 ,aft] a v>iety ( conjectures relative to ! purpose to :i* ?is build+ 0 appli$1 x has be5 asc]ta9$ t x 0 ei!r a b>rack = soldi]s1 7v>i\s pieces ( armor hav+ be5 f\nd 9 "s ( ! cells17 or ! prtorium ( ! gov]nor1 :]e a body ( milit>y mu/ h be5 /ation$4 ,adjac5t to x /ood ! !at]s1 ! =um1 & "o or two temples1 all connect$ by v neat & well-pav$ c\rts4 ,! small] ( ! !at]s is to ! "r1 & is call$ ! cov]$ !at]1 because x 0 s con/ruct$1 t by ! means ( canvas awn+s1 ! spectators 7 def5d$ f ! sun & ra94 ,a door ?r\gh ! wall leads to ! diff]5t gall]ies1 & to ! op5 space 9 ! c5t]1 resembl+ ! pit ( a mod]n !at]4 ,! int]ior is beautifully neat2 & ) ! exception ( ! spoliation ( ! m>ble slabs1 remov$ to ! palace at ,naples1 ) :i* ! :ole ( ! inside1 n except+ ! seats1 _h be5 cov]$1 x is 9 excell5t pres]vation4 ,on ea* side are ! seats = ! magi/rates2 ! or*e/ra1 z 9 mod]n !at]s1 is 9 front ( ! /age2 & ! latt]1 ) its brick w+s1 is v %all[4 ,?is !at] 0 calculat$ to conta9 ab\t two ?\s& spectators4 ,f its level a /aircase leads to an em95ce on :i* sev]al public build+s are situat$4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s ( ^! is a small temple said to h be5 d$icat$ to ,isis1 & hav+ a secret passage1 p]=at$ 9 two places1 :5ce ! prie/s are suppos$ to h deliv]$ to ! delud$ multitude ! oracles ( t deity4 ,)9 a pav$ c\rt is an alt>1 ( a r\nd %ape1 on ! "o side1 & on ! o!r side a well4 ,a ci/]n1 ) f\r ap]tures1 0 plac$ at a small di/ance1 to facilitate ! procur+ ( wat]4 ,9 ?is c\rt1 sacrifices & o!r holy rites are conjectur$ to h tak5 place1 v>i\s ut5sils = sacrifice1 su* z lamps1 tripods1 c41 hav+ be5 f\nd1 :5 ! place 0 fir/ excavat$4 ,"o ( ! tripods is ( ! mo/ admirable workman%ip4 ,on ea* ( ! ?ree legs1 a beautiful sph9x1 ) an unusual head-dress1 is plac$1 probably 9 allusion to ! hidd5 mean+s ( ! oracles :i* 7 deliv]$ 9 ! above-m5tion$ temple4 ,! hoop 9 :i* ! bas9 = ! coals 0 sunk1 is elegantly decorat$ ) rams' heads connect$ by g>l&s ( fl[]s2 & )9 ! bas91 :i* is ( bak$ e>?1 ! v c9d]s left f ! la/ sacrifice 7ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s ago7 are se5 z fre% z if !y _h be5 ! rema9s ( ye/]day's fire6 ,f ! above c\rt1 y ent] on a some:at l>g]1 ) a /one pulpit 9 ! c5t] & /one seats ne> ! walls4 ,! spot1 !re=e1 0 ei!r ! auditory ( a philosoph]1 or ! place :]e ! public orators plead$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p4 ,ev]y?+ "h is 9 ! highe/ ord] & pres]vation4 ,! great amphi!at] pr\dly re>s its walls ov] e o!r edifice on ! same elevat$ spot4 ,x is a /up5d\s /ructure1 & has tw5ty-f\r r[s ( seats1 ! circumf]5ce ( ! l[e/ ( :i* is ab\t sev5 hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,x is e/imat$ to h conta9$ ab\t ?irty ?\s& spectators4 ,! upp] walls are mu* injur$1 hav+ p>tially project$ above gr\nd long be=e ! discov]y ( ,pompeii4 ,a corn-field leads to ! excavat$ upp] end ( ! high /reet1 :i* consi/s ( a n>r[ road = c>ts1 ) foot-pavem5ts on ea* side4 ,! middle is pav$ ) l>ge blocks ( m>ble1 & ! ruts ( ! :eels proclaim its antiquity1 ev5 at ! "t ( its be+ ov]:elm$4 ,! foot-pa?s are elevat$ ab\t a foot & a half f ! level ( ! c>riage-road4 ,! h\ses on ea* side1 :e!r %ops or private build+s1 h no claim to ext]nal elegance3 !y consi/ ( a gr\nd-floor only1 &1 ) ! exception ( ! door1 h no op5+ t[>d ! /reet4 ,! w9d[s ( ! private h\ses look into an inn] squ>e c\rt1 & are 9 g5]al v high4 ,! ap>tm5ts !mselves are1 ) ! exception ( "o 9 ea* h\se1 :i* probably s]v$ z a draw+-room1 bo? l[ & dim9utive4 ,9 po9t ( decoration !y are neat1 &1 9 _m in/ances1 elegant3 ! floors g5]ally consi/ ( figur$ pavem5ts1 ei!r 9 l>g] /ones ( v>i\s colors1 regul>ly cut & sy/ematically dispos$1 or are =m$ ( a beautiful mosaic1 ) a fanciful bord]1 & an animal or figure 9 ! c5t]4 ,! geometrical l9es & figures 9 ! design ( ! bord]s1 h an endless v>iety ( ! mo/ pleas+ %apes1 to display ! f]tile imag9ation ( ! arti/s4 ,_! tesselat$ pavem5ts alone mu/ conv9ce u t ! anci5ts 7 well skill$ 9 geometry4 ,! gr\nd is usually :ite1 & ! ornam5ts black2 b o!r colors are (t5 employ$ ) increas$ effect4 ,! walls ( ! ap>tm5ts are equally 7if n /ill m7 des]v+ att5tion4 ,!y are pa9t$1 ei!r 9 comp>tm5ts1 exhibit+ "s my?ological or hi/orical ev5t1 or simply color$ ov] ) a light gr\nd1 adorn$ ) a bord] & p]haps an elegant little vignette1 9 ! c5t] or at equal di/ances4 ,b few ( ! hi/orical pa9t+s n[ exi/ 9 ,pompeii2 = :]ev] a wall 0 f\nd to conta9 a tol]able picture1 x 0 remov$ & deposit$ 9 ! museum at ,naples4 ,to effect ?is1 ! greate/ c>e & +5uity 7 requir$1 s z to peel (f1 by ! means ( saw+ pieces ( wall1 tw5ty & m squ>e feet 9 ext5t1 )\t de/roy+ ! picture4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 n a mod]n inv5tion2 =1 among ! excavat$ rema9s ( ,/abi1 ! workm5 came to an ap>tm5t conta9+ pa9t+s :i* _h be5 sep>at$ by ! anci5ts !mselves f a wall1 ) ! obvi\s int5t ( _! be+ introduc$ 9 ano!r place4 ,?is 01 h[ev]1 prev5t$ by ! ru9 ( ! city2 & ! pa9t+s1 !re=e1 7 f\nd lean+ aga9/ ! wall ( ! ap>tm5t4 ,ano!r excavat$ portion ( ,pompeii is likewise "p ( a /reet1 &1 be+ p]fectly 9 a l9e ) ! "o already describ$1 is conjectur$ to be a cont9uation1 or r ! extremity ( ! latt]2 9 :i* case ,pompeii mu/ h be5 a city ( consid]able importance1 & its ma9 /reet ne>ly a mile 9 l5g?4 ,! h\ses "h1 z 9 ! o!r in/ance1 are di/ribut$ into %ops & private dwell+s1 "s ( ! latt] ( :i* are di/+ui%$ by ! rema9s ( =m] int]nal elegance1 su* z tesselat$ pavem5ts1 pa9t$ walls1 c43 mo/ ( !m h likewise an int]ior c\rt1 surr\nd$ by ap>tm5ts4 ,,! ,,museum ,,at ,,naples4 ,! museum 0 =m]ly at ,portici1 b 0 remov$ to ,naples "s ye>s ago & is n[ call$ ! ,muso ,borbonico4 ,! be/ /atues1 bu/s1 vases1 & 9 %ort1 :atev] 0 suppos$1 f its mat]ials or con/ruction1 to h a sup]ior value1 7 pack$ 9 fifty-two *e/s1 & convey$ f ,portici to ,pal]mo1 at ! "t ! c\rt s\ght refuge 9 t city1 on ! ,fr5* p5etrat+ into ! ,neapolitan t]ritory4 ,:at /ill rema9s1 h[ev]1 9 ! museum1 has a high intr9sic value2 s9ce no "o c behold1 )\t ! /ronge/ emotions ( admiration1 ! relics ( ! mo/ transitory ?+s1 :i* = ne>ly eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 h brav$ ! ravages ( "t4 ,"h are to be se5 bread1 corn1 d\gh :i* 0 ab\t to be plac$ 9 ! ov51 soap :i* _h be5 us$ = wa%+1 figs1 & ev5 egg-%ells p]fectly :ite1 & 9 z good a /ate z if ! cook _h brok5 !m an h\r be=e4 ,"h a kit*5 pres5ts itself provid$ ) ev]y?+ requisite3 trivets & pots /& on ! he>?2 /ew-pans hang on ! wall2 skimm]s & tongs are plac$ 9 ! corn]2 & a metal mort> re/s on ! %aft ( a pill>4 ,weights1 hamm]s1 scy!s1 & o!r ut5sils ( husb&ry1 are "h bl5d$ ) helms & arms4 ,sacrific+ b[ls & knives2 a numb] ( well %ap$ glasses2 l>ge & small glass bottles2 lamps2 vases2 decorations = furniture2 a piece ( clo?2 nets2 & ev5 %oe soles2 all sorts ( female ornam5ts--necklaces1 r+s & e>-r+s2 a wood5 *ess-bo>d1 r$uc$1 inde$1 to a c9d]3 all ^! ?+s are m or less injur$ by ! fire2 b /ill are di/+ui%able at fir/ sight4 ,e ap>tm5t ( ! museum is laid ) ! mo/ *>m+ antique floors1 :i* are p>tly mosaic1 f ,pompeii1 & p>tly m>ble1 f ,h]culaneum4 ,/atues1 vases1 bu/s1 *&eli]s1 alt>s1 tables ( m>ble & bronze1 are all 9 z good a /ate z if !y _h j come f ! h&s ( ! arti/4 ,! co9s :i* h be5 collect$ are v num]\s1 & fill sev]al cases4 ,m$allions ( m>ble1 conta9+ on ea* side a bas-relief1 are susp5d$ by f9e *a9s f ! ceil+ ( "o ( ! ap>tm5ts1 & are )9 ! rea* ( ! h&1 s z to be conv5i5tly turn$ & exam9$4 ,mo/ ( ! pictures f\nd at ,h]culaneum1 ,pompeii & ,/abi1 & n[ deposit$ 9 ! museum1 h be5 saw$ f ! walls ( ! edifices !y adorn$4 ,^! unique relics ( anci5t art =m an ext5sive gall]y ( g5u9e antique pictures1 ! only "o 9 ! _w1 & may on t acc\nt alone1 be consid]$ z an invaluable treasure4 ,!y are plac$ 9 a range ( ap>tm5ts on ! gr\nd floor1 & are susp5d$ aga9/ ! walls 9 pla9 frames4 ,_! size v>ies f a foot squ>e1 to :ole-l5g? gr\ps1 ne>ly z l>ge z life4 ,beside ! injury !y h su/a9$ by hav+ be5 expos$ to ! heat ( burn+ c9d]s1 !y h be5 impair$ by ! mod]n v>ni% :i* 0 int5d$ to protect !m3 x w\ld1 !re=e1 n be "r to subject _! color+ to ! rigid rules ( art2 b ! gr\p+ ( ! ,m9otaur1 ( ! ,telephus1 ( ! sitt+ ,ore/es1 & ( ! ,bac*us & ,ariadne1 is admirable4 ,9 _! pa9t+s1 z well z 9 _! sculptures1 ! anci5ts 7 influ5c$ by t love ( simplicity :i* di/+ui%es _! works f ^? ( ! mod]ns1 & ! result is1 t 9 !m ! *ief m]its ( composition are comb9$1 unity ( subject1 & unity ( int]e/4 ,:51 aga91 x is consid]$ t ! pa9t+s collect$ 9 ! museum at ,naples 7 tak5 f ! prov9cial t[ns1 x mu/ be inf]r$1 t ^? :i* 7 admitt$ 9 ! *ief seats ( art correspond$ 9 excell5ce ) ! ,laocon & ! ,apollo4 ,su*1 at lea/1 0 ! judgm5t ( ! anci5ts !mselves1 & _! ta/e is n to be disput$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,papyri4 ,! museum at ,naples excels all o!rs 9 anci5t bronze1 a sub/ance :i*1 al?\gh de>]1 m difficult to be wr\ght1 m invit+ to ! rude grasp ( av>ice1 & less beautiful ?an m>ble1 =ms ! great] proportion ( ! /atues4 ,! l>g] ( !m _h be5 orig9ally compos$ ( pieces connect$ by dove-tail jo9ts2 & ^! promiscu\s fragm5ts h be5 recompil$ into new figures1 z 9 ! in/ance ( ! s+le horse made f f\r1 9 ! c5t] ( ! c\rt-y>d ( ! museum4 ,^? fragm5ts :i* _h escap$ fusion1 7 r5t1 inflat$1 or bruis$1 by ! burn+ lava4 ,9 addition to ^! mis=tunes1 !y h be5 made up unhappily2 = ! eye ( an arti/ c sometimes detect two /yles ( art1 evid5tly diff]5t1 ! l>ge & ! exquisite1 sold]$ toge!r 9 ! same /atue4 ,! figures ! mo/ admir$ are1 ! drunk5 ,faun1 ! sleep+ ,faun1 ! sitt+ ,m]cury1 ! ,amazon adju/+ h] robe1 & an ,augu/us & a ,claudius1 bo? ( h]oic size4 ,! mo/ rem>kable objects 9 ! museum at ,naples are ! manuscripts1 f\nd 9 two *amb]s ( a h\se at ,h]culaneum4 ,al?\gh !y h be5 s frequ5tly describ$1 !y mu/ be se51 to furni% a correct idea ( !m4 ,be=e !y are unroll$1 !y resemble /icks ( *>coal1 or cudgels r$uc$ to ! /ate ( a c9d]1 & p>tly petrifi$4 ,_! g5]al appe>ance be=e !y are unroll$ may be se5 on ! previ\s page4 ,9 color !y are black & *esnut-br[n3 & !y are un=tunately s decay$1 t "u ea* ( !m1 z !y lie 9 glass cases1 a quantity ( du/ & deta*$ fragm5ts may be p]ceiv$4 ,_! *>act]s are legible 9 a c]ta9 light only1 by a gloss & relief :i* di/+ui%es ! ink1 or r black pa9t1 f ! t9d]4 ,cut1 cru%$1 crumbl$ on ! edge1 & cak$ by ! sap rema9+ 9 ! leaves ( ! papyrus1 !y require 9 ! op]ator great sagacity to meet ! v>iety ( injuries !y h receiv$2 s9ce1 9 glu+ ra%ly ! m delicate p>ts1 he might rea* ! he>t ( a volume1 :ile work+ at ! outside4 ,at fir/1 x appe>$ almo/ impracticable ev] to deciph] a syllable ( !m2 b to ! indu/ry & tal5ts ( man no?+ is impossible1 & 8 curiosity impels him to ! mo/ +5i\s inv5tions4 ,,h]culaneum4 ,?is city 01 toge!r ) ,pompeii & ,/abi1 involv$ 9 ! common ru9 occasion$ by ! dreadful eruption ( ,vesuvius1 9 ! reign ( ,titus1 :i* has already be5 describ$ 9 our previ\s pages4 ,x 0 situat$ on a po9t ( l& /ret*+ into ! gulf ( ,naples1 ab\t two miles di/ant f t city1 ne> :]e ! mod]n t[ns ( ,portici & ,res9i1 & ! royal palace1 by :i* !y are sep>at$1 n[ /&4 ,! neck ( l& on :i* x 0 built1 & :i* has s9ce disappe>$1 =m$ a small h>bor4 ,h5ce ! appellation ( ,h]culis ,porticum1 7! small hav5 ( ,h]cules17 sometimes giv5 to ,h]culaneum1 & !nce 9 all probability1 ! mod]n "n ( ,portici4 ,! latt] be+ situat$ imm$iately above "s ( ! excavations ( ,h]culaneum1 ! j fe> ( endang]+ its safety1 by und]m9+ x1 is giv5 z a pr9cipal reason :y s little progress has be5 made 9 ! ,h]culanean rese>*es4 ,! discov]y ( ,h]culaneum is ?us expla9$4 ,at an inconsid]able di/ance f ! royal palace ( ,portici1 & close to ! seaside1 ,pr9ce ,elbeuf1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury1 inhabit$ an elegant villa4 ,to obta9 a supply ( wat] a well 0 dug1 9 ! ye> #agcj1 ?r\gh ! deep cru/ ( lava on :i* ! mansion itself _h be5 re>$4 ,! labor]s1 aft] hav+ completely pi]c$ ?r\gh ! lava1 :i* 0 ( consid]able dep?1 came to a /ratum ( dry mud4 ,?is ev5t precisely agrees ) ! tradition relative to ,h]culaneum1 t x 0 9 ! fir/ in/ance ov]:elm$ by a /ratum ( hot mud1 :i* 0 imm$iately foll[$ by a wide /ream ( lava4 ,:e!r ?is mud 0 ?r[n up f ,vesuvius1 or =m$ by torr5ts ( ra91 does n appe> to h be5 decid$4 ,)9 ! /ratum ! workm5 f\nd ?ree female /atues1 :i* 7 s5t to ,vi5na4 ,x 0 n until "s ye>s aft] ?is1 t ! rese>*es at ,h]culaneum 7 s]i\sly & sy/ematically pursu$4 ,by cont9u+ ,elbeuf's well1 ! excavators at once came to ! !at]1 & f t spot c>ri$ on _! fur!r subt]rane\s inve/igation4 ,! condition ( ,h]culaneum 0 at t "t mu* m int]e/+1 & m wor?y ! notice ( ! travel]1 ?an x is at pres5t4 ,! object ( its excavation hav+ un=tunately be5 conf9$ to ! discov]y ( /atues1 pa9t+s1 & o!r curiosities1 & n c>ri$ on ) a view to lay op5 ! city1 & ?us to asc]ta9 ! features ( its build+s & /reets1 mo/ ( ! latt] 7 aga9 fill$ up ) rubbi% z soon z !y 7 dive/$ ( ev]y?+ movable4 ,! m>ble ev5 0 torn f ! walls ( ! temples4 ,h]culaneum may !re=e be said to h be5 ov]:elm$ a second "t by its mod]n discov]]s2 & ! appe>ance x previ\sly pres5t$1 c n[ only be asc]ta9$ f ! acc\nts ( ^? :o saw x 9 a m p]fect /ate4 ,agreeably to !m1 x mu/ at t "t h af=d$ a mo/ int]e/+ spectacle4 ,! !at] 0 "o ( ! mo/ p]fect specim5s ( anci5t ar*itecture4 ,x _h1 f ! floor upw>d1 eighte5 r[s ( seats1 & above ^!1 ?ree o!r r[s1 :i*1 be+ cov]$ ) a portico1 seem to h be5 int5d$ = ! female "p ( ! audi5ce1 to scre5 !m f ! rays ( ! sun4 ,x 0 capable ( conta9+ betwe5 ?ree & f\r ?\s& p]sons4 ,ne>ly ! :ole ( its surface1 z well z ! ar*$ walls :i* l$ to its seats1 0 cas$ ) m>ble4 ,! area1 or pit1 0 floor$ ) ?ick squ>es ( giallo antico1 a beautiful m>ble ( a yell[i% hue4 ,on ! top /ood a gr\p ( f\r bronze horses1 draw+ a c>1 ) a *>iote]1 all ( exquisite workman%ip4 ,! p$e/al ( :ite m>ble is /ill to be se5 9 its place2 b ! gr\p itself _h be5 cru%$ & brok5 9 pieces by ! imm5se weight ( lava :i* fell on x4 ,! fragm5ts hav+ be5 collect$1 might easily h be5 br\ght toge!r aga91 b hav+ be5 c>elessly ?r[n into a corn]1 a "p ( !m 7 /ol51 & ano!r portion fus$1 & conv]t$ into bu/s ( _! ,neapolitan maje/ies4 ,at l5g?1 x 0 resolv$ to make ! be/ use ( :at rema9$1 t is1 to conv]t ! f\r horses into "o1 by tak+ a =e leg ( "o ( !m1 a h9d] leg ( ano!r1 ! head ( a ?ird1 c41 &1 :]e ! brea* 0 irrem$iable1 to ca/ a new piece4 ,to ?is contrivance ! bronze horse n[ %[n 9 ! museum ( ,naples owes its exi/5ce2 &1 consid]+ its pat*work orig91 x /ill conveys a high idea ( ! skill ( ! anci5t arti/4 ,9 ! =um1 :i* 0 contigu\s to ! !at]1 beside a numb] ( inscriptions1 columns1 c41 two beautiful eque/rian /atues ( ! ,balbi family 7 f\nd4 ,^! 7 ( :ite m>ble1 & 7 deposit$ 9 ! hall ( ! left w+ ( ! palace at ,portici4 ,adjo9+ to ! =um /ood ! temple ( ,h]cules1 an elegant rotunda1 ! int]ior ( :i* 0 decorat$ ) a v>iety ( pa9t+s1 su* z ,!seus return+ f 8 ,cretan adv5ture ) ! ,m9otaur1 ,telephus's bir?1 ,*iron1 ! c5taur1 in/ruct+ ,a*illes1 c4 ,^! 7 c>efully sep>at$ f ! walls1 & are deposit$ 9 ! museum at ,naples4 ,! mo/ important discov]y1 h[ev]1 0 t ( a villa1 at a small di/ance f ! =um2 n only on acc\nt ( ! peculi>ity ( its plan1 b because ! great] numb] ( ! works ( art 7 dug out ( its prec9ct2 & m especially because x conta9$ a libr>y consi/+ ( m ?an fifte5 hundr$ volumes1 :i* are likewise safely deposit$ 9 ! museum1 & :i*1 7 !y legible1 w\ld =m a great classic treasure4 ,^! h be5 m5tion$ 9 ! acc\nt ( ! museum at ,naples1 :i* w be f\nd on a previ\s page4 ,! villa is conjectur$ to h belong$ to "o ( ! ,balbi family4 ,al?\gh elegant1 x 0 small1 & consi/$ ( a gr\nd-floor only1 l ^? ( ,pompeii4 ,beside a numb] ( small closets r\nd an int]ior hall1 x conta9$ a ba?+-room1 curi\sly fitt$ up ) m>ble & wat]-pipes1 & a *apel ( a dim9utive size1 )\t any w9d[ or ap]ture = daylight1 ! walls ( :i* 7 pa9t$ ) s]p5ts1 & )9 :i* a bronze tripod1 fill$ ) c9d]s & a%es1 0 f\nd /&+ on ! floor4 ,! ap>tm5t :i* conta9$ ! libr>y 0 fitt$ up ) wood5 presses ar\nd ! walls1 ab\t six feet 9 hight3 a d\ble r[ ( presses /ood insulat$ 9 ! middle ( ! room1 s z to admit a free passage on e side4 ,! wood ( :i* ! presses _h be5 made1 0 burn$ to a c9d]1 & gave way at ! fir/ t\*2 b ! volumes1 compos$ ( a mu* m p]i%able sub/ance1 ! ,egyptian or ,syracusan papyrus1 71 al?\gh completely c>boniz$ ?r\gh ! effect ( ! heat1 /ill s f> pres]v$ z to admit ( _! removal to a simil> set ( mod]n presses1 7provid$1 h[ev]1 ) glass doors17 9 ! museum4 ,9 ! middle ( ! g>d5 belong+ to ?is villa1 0 a l>ge bas91 hav+ its edges fac$ ) /one1 & ! two n>r[ ends r\nd$ (f 9 a semicircul> =m4 ,?is piece ( wat] 0 surr\nd$ by b$s or p>t]res ( v>i\s %apes2 & ! g>d5 0 on e side inclos$ by a cov]$ walk support$ by columns4 ,( ^! columns !re 7 sixty-f\r1 t5 = ea* ( ! %ort]1 & tw5ty-two = ea* ( ! long] sides ( ! quadrangle3 !y 7 made ( brick1 neatly /ucco$ ov]1 exactly simil> to ^? 9 ! ,pompeian b>racks4 ,ea* pill> support$ "o end ( a wood5 beam1 ! o!r extremity ( :i* re/$ on ! g>d5 wall1 ?us =m+ an arbor1 9 all probability plant$ ) v9es ar\nd ! :ole g>d54 ,"u ?is cov]$ walk1 sev]al semicircul> recesses1 :i* appe> to h s]v$ z ba?+-places1 7 built4 ,! spaces betwe5 ! pill>s 7 decorat$ ) m>ble bu/s & bronze /atues1 alt]nately arrang$4 ,?is g>d5 0 surr\nd$ by a n>r[ dit*2 & ano!r cov]$ walk1 ( a consid]able l5g?1 l$ to a circul> balcony1 or plat=m1 ! asc5t to :i* 0 by f\r /eps1 b :i* ov]hung ! sea ab\t fifte5 feet4 ,! floor ( ! balcony consi/$ ( a v beautiful tesselat$ pavem5t4 ,f ?is *>m+ spot ! prospect ov] ! :ole bay ( ,naples1 includ+ ! m\nta9s ( ,sorr5to1 ! isl& ( ,capri1 & ,m\nt ,posilipo1 mu/ h be5 delightful4 ,,pompeii4 ,hav+ ?us giv5 ! acc\nts ( ,kotzebue1 & also ( an ,engli% t\ri/1 z to ,pompeii & ,h]culaneum1 we w n[ add ! n>rative ( our di/+ui%$ fell[-citiz51 ,pr(essor ,silliman1 :o pass$ ov] ! same gr\nd 9 #ahea4 ,all ^! views are giv51 because ! subject is "o ( s mu* intr9sic int]e/1 & because "s objects are m5tion$ by ea* writ] t are n by ! o!rs4 ,pr(essor ,silliman says3 8,we pass$ rapidly along ?r\gh ,portici1 ,res9a1 & ,torre del ,greco1#f :i* =m "o long-cont9u$ /reet1 ly+ ov] ,h]culaneum1 a l>ge city1 ^: entomb$ rema9s 7 f> b5ea? our c>riage :eels4 ,vesuvius 0 on our left1 quiet & sublime4 ,cl\ds vail$ its crat] f our view1 b its v5]able sides 7 envelop$ 9 ! black drap]y ( its own lava floods4 ,! curr5ts h (t5 fl[$ ov] ! road on :i* we 7 travel+4 ,"h & !re1 ! lava _h be5 cut ?r\gh 9 ! /reets1 & x protrudes 9 black1 rocky masses1 ^u :i* _m ( ! h\ses h be5 erect$4 ,lava =m$ ! walls ( ! h\ses1 & ! f5ces ar\nd ! fields1 & lava1 only lava1 0 ev]y:]e ar\nd u4 ,aft] a %ort int]val ( cultivat$ fields1 we arriv$ 9 ,torre del ,annunciata1 9 a /reet simil> to ^? we _h pass$1 & surr\nd$ by a c\ntry 9 ! highe/ /ate ( cultivation1 :]e e foot ( ! ri* volcanic soil is made available4 ,f>m-h\ses & villas appe>$ clu/]+ ar\nd ! ea/]n & s\!rn foot ( ,vesuvius1 & creep+ up its slop+ sides1 s reckless are ! p ( pa/ cata/rophes1 al?\gh ,h]culaneum reposes 9 its pr(\nd grave at ! foot ( ! m\nta91 & ! great sepul*] ( ,pompeii1 ) its fun]eal monum5ts1 is 9 full view be=e !m4 ,!y h also be5 v rec5tly w>n$ aga91 by ! t]rific eruption ( ,febru>y1 #ahej1 :i*1 bur/+ out back ( ,vesuvius1 on ! ea/1 took an unwont$ direction1 ?us giv+ ano!r pro( t no situation on or ne> ! m\nta9 is safe2 b /ill ! inhabitants repose 9 c>eless security4 ----- ,footnote #f3 8,torre del ,greco1 a t[n conta9+ eighte5 ?\s& p1 0 ov]:elm$1 9 #agid1 by an eruption ( lava f ,vesuvius1 fl[+ f ! middle ( its we/]n slope1 only five miles above ! t[n4 ,! melt$ torr5t buri$ ! place1 & inundat$ ! sea1 encroa*+ ^u x "o-?ird ( a squ>e mile40 ----- 8,z we drove sl[ly onw>d1 *eck+ ! horses f "t to "t1 9 ord] to realize ! sc5es ar\nd u1 ,antonio1 f ! coa*-box1 sudd5ly exclaim$1 #8,!re is ,pompeii6' ,we eag]ly look$1 & saw a l[1 gre5 ridge ( l&1 cov]$ by grass & %rubs4 ,x appe>$ z an ext5d$ m\nd1 ov] :i* ! travel] might h driv51 z ?\s&s h he$lessly done 9 c5turies pa/1 unconsci\s t a city ( ! dead slumb]$ b5ea? ! ho(s ( ! horses4 ,only a few m9utes elaps$1 be=e /&+ erect 9 ! c>riage1 we disc]n$ ! /ill nak$ heaps ( pumice t h be5 ?r[n out dur+ ! excavations2 & imm$iately aft]1 9 brea?less sil5ce1 we 7 at ! door ( ! h\se ( ,diom$e6 ,an elegant c\ntry-h\se1 a ,roman villa1 j outside ( ! walls ( ! city1 /ill /&s1 almo/ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s aft] ! great cata/rophe4 ,its columns are erect1 its walls entire1 & its op5 doors seem to invite ! /rang] to ent]2 b ! family are n !re1 & sil5ce reigns 9 ! halls ( ,diom$e6 8,i nev] be=e felt z ,i did :5 ,i ent]$ ?is des]t$ h\se--p5sive1 solemn1 & 9 full sympa?y ) ! tragical /ory4 ,s5t9els /ill keep ^! doors2 n ! helmet$ ,roman1 :o1 firm & unmov$1 survey$ ! /orm ( fire b yield$ n to fe>1 pref]r+ to die at 8 po/1#g b ,neapolitans /ation$ !re by ! gov]nm5t to prev5t invasion ( ! ru9s4 ,"o !re 01 a vet]an1 ^: sn[y hair1 & visage s deeply m>k$ by "t1 made u almo/ feel z if he mu/ h be5 pres5t :5 ! volcanic tempe/ rag$1 & _h1 ,sala?iel-l1 come d[n to our "t to relate ! ev5ts ( ^? dreadful days4 ,b a g>rul\s guide1 :o spoke tol]able ,engli%1 plac$ himself at ! head ( our p>ty1 & 0 our cic]one ?r\gh an int5sely int]e/+ day4 ,we mus$ = a few m9utes 9 ! vacant rooms ( ! h\se ( ,diom$e1 walk$ ^u ! /ill beautiful mosaic pavem5ts & floors1 pass$ ?r\gh ! dormitories1 ! tricl9ium1 ! impluvium1 & ! hall = conv]sation2 obs]v$ ! wat]-ci/]n1 & ! *annels worn 9 ! /one curb by ! friction ( ! rope1 & !n desc5d$ to ! vaults b5ea?1 9 :i* s _m memb]s ( ! family met _! fate4 ,?is gall]y is /rongly ar*$ ) brick1 & 0 us$ z a w9e-cell>1 z appe>s f tw5ty-five amphor /ill rema9+ !re1 & :i* 7 f\nd fill$ ) volcanic matt]4 ----- ,footnote #g3 8,9 ! ,pompeian museum at ,naples1 we aft]w>d saw ! skull ( su* a ,roman1 ^: head 0 /ill cov]$ by 8 helmet1 & ^: skeleton 0 f\nd at 8 /ation 9 ! gate ( ,pompeii40 ----- 8,on ! tw5ty-f\r? ( ,augu/1 9 ! ye> #gi ( our own era1 & n long aft] midday1 ,vesuvius broke ! repose ( untold ages1 & resum$1 ) tragical en]gy1 8 anci5t reign ( fire1 awak5+ ! slumb]+ e*oes ( 8 p[] ) t]rible detonations & fe>ful e>?quakes4 ,a d>kness t might be felt1 %r\d$ 9 ! pr(\nde/ gloom ! midday sun1 & a%es fell l sn[ ^u ! m\nta91 ! pla91 ! bays ( ,naples & ,bai1 & f> into ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,ra9 f ! cond5s$ /eam ( ! eruption delug$ ! :ole di/rict2 torr5ts ( fluid mud1 =m$ by ! a%es & wat]1 swept ov] e ob/ruction1 & fill$ to ov]fl[+ e depression ( ! surface4 ,! t]rifi$ inhabitants1 ov]:elm$ by sup]/iti\s fe>s1 jo9$ ! droves ( dome/ic animals1 ^: ke5] in/9cts _h already impell$ !m to des]t a di/rict fill$ ) sulphure\s vapors1 & vibrat+ ) om9\s & unwont$ s\nds1 w&]+1 !y knew n :]e1 9 se>* ( "s place :]e ! frightful evid5ces ( ! wra? ( ! gods might be avoid$4 8,b ! family ( ,diom$e s\ght refuge f ! fall+ pumice "u ! /rong ar* ( ! w9e-cell>1 /rong en\gh to resi/ & su/a9 ! load ( fall+ mat]ials1 b n pro( aga9/ ! deluge ( volcanic mud1 ^: unexpect$ inundation br\ght dea? to ! mi/ress1 h] *ildr51 & fifte5 female slaves4 ,! record ( ! mann] ( _! dea? is ev5 n[ p]fectly legible4 ,! =m ( ! mi/ress1 ) h] back & head to ! wall1 ) out/ret*$ arms1 is cle>ly del9eat$ by ! diff]5ce ( color4 ,surr\nd+ h] are ! impressions ( ! p]sons ( sev5te5 o!rs1 v>i\s 9 /ature1 b all /&+1 save "o infant 9 ! arms4 ,:5 ^! sil5t vaults 7 excavat$1 "h /ood ! skeletons ( ^! un=tunate p1 ! ri* jewels ( ! mi/ress & ( h] daught] circl+ ! bony f+]s & wri/s & neck4 ,^! we aft]w>d saw 9 ! museum at ,naples1 ! left %\ld] ( ! "m1 z also ! skull ( ! daught]1 ^: "n1 ,julia1 0 engrav$ ^u h] bracelet4 ,equally /range & wond]ful 0 x to see ! ca/ ( ! bosom ( ?is ,roman matron1 tak5 ) lifelike precision1 9 ! s(t & fluid tufa4 ,h] h& /ill grasp$ ! purse1 ^: cont5ts are also among ! wond]ful treasures ( ! same museum4 ,beyond ! g>d5 & ! fi%-pond1 :i* are contigu\s to ! w9e-cell>1 !re is a gateway :]e 7 f\nd two skeletons1 ) valuable vessels & money2 "o h& held a ru/$ key1 & ! o!r a bag ) co9 & cameos1 & vessels ( silv] & bronze 7 "h4 ,^! are believ$ to h be5 ! rema9s ( ! ma/] ,diom$e & 8 s]vant4 ,a wrapp] conta9$ eighty pieces ( silv] money1 t5 ( gold1 & "s bronze4 ,x appe>s highly probable t1 hav+ left ! family 9 a place :i* 0 believ$ to be safe1 !y 7 engag$ 9 transport+ valuables to a place ( deposit1 :5 !y 7 ov]tak5 by ! same deluge :i* de/roy$ _! fri5ds4 8,! wat]-l9e to :i* ! fluid magma rose 9 ?is quadrangul> vault$ gall]y1 is /ill visible ^u ! walls1 7"s twelve to fifte5 in*es above ! talle/ head17 ne>ly ev5 ) sev]al small ap]tures ?r\gh :i*1 z well z ?r\gh ! door1 x probably fl[$4 ,x is n unlikely t ?is inundation 0 accompani$ by torr5ts ( c>bonic acid & o!r noxi\s gases1 s abundantly exhal$ 9 m mod]n eruptions ( ,vesuvius1 by :i* ^! refugees f ! dang]s above gr\nd 7 p]haps s sudd5ly suffocat$ z to rema9 unmov$ 9 ! positions :]e !y 7 f\nd4 ,! sudd5 dea? ( ! eld] ,pl9y1 :o1 8 nephew says1 0 suffocat$ by a noxi\s exhalation ^u ! same occasion1 & at no great di/ance f ,pompeii1 may1 ) mu* probability1 be ascrib$ to ! same cause4 8,! facts n[ detail$ cle>ly %[ t va/ torr5ts ( mud mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,pompeii1 s9ce dry a%es & ejections ( lapilli & pumice1 unaid$ by wat]1 c\ld nev] h f\nd _! way into ! int]ior ( clos$ amphor1 nor made p]fect molds ( ! human =m1 nor left a level wat]-l9e ^u ! inn] walls ( close ar*$ passages4 ,! %[] ( mat]ials :i* buri$ ! city1 0 ma9ly compos$ ( small pieces ( :ite pumice & r\nd$ lapilli ( v>i\s colors1 int]sp]s$ ) "s l>ge project$ masses ( rock-bombs1 su* z ,vesuvius has (t5 ?r[n out 9 lat] times4 ,^! by _! fall broke ?r\gh ! ro(s1 & at ! places :]e !y /ruck1 depress$ ! mosaic pavem5ts into a concave =m1 z we saw 9 sev]al ( ! h\ses4 ,a d>k] color$ s& appe>s to h alt]nat$ ) ! pumice1 & (t5 =ms a di/9ct & ?ick lay] ^u x4 ,num]\s su* alt]nations h be5 made out by ! ,neapolitan geologi/s1 & we aft]w>d saw ! same ord] ( /ratification di/9ctly 9 ano!r "p ( ! t[n1 :]e fre% excavations 7 go+ on4 ,! fre% section "h %[$1 t ^! loose mat]ials fell mu* z sn[ falls 9 our nor!rn climates :5 driv5 by ! w9d1 be+ ?ick] 9 ! angles ?an 9 ! c5t]s ( ! h\ses1 & ris+ 9 curves correspond+ to ! elevations & depressions ( ! surface4 8,! celebrat$ ,appian way pass$ by ! h\se ( ,diom$e1 & ?r\gh ,pompeii to ,/abi4 ,! road is n[ above gr\nd1 & is evid5tly z p]fect z :5 ,pompeii 0 buri$4 ,x is pav$ ) l>ge blocks ( ! anci5t lava ( ,m\nt ,somma1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 proves ! occurr5ce ( e>ly eruptions ( ! volcano1 al?\gh at an unkn[n era4 ,deep ruts are worn by ! :eels 9 ! solid lava1 :i* is z firm z trap1 :ile ! /ones are /rongly m>k$ by ! ru/ ( ! iron worn (f f ! :eel-tires4 ,! furr[s prove t ! :eels 7 n m ?an f\r feet ap>t4 ,?is is prov$ also by ! position ( ! /epp+-/ones = cross+ ! /reets1 :i* 7 s plac$ t ! :eels pass$ betwe5 !m4 ,! /epp+-/ones 7 v l>ge1 & two & a half or ?ree feet long1 _! longe/ diamet] co9cid+ ) ! direction ( ! /reet2 & !y 7 laid s ne> to ea* o!r t ! pass5g]s c\ld pass q across ! /reet f "o side-walk to ! opposite1 )\t /epp+ d[n4 ,!re 7 side-walks 9 ! pr9cipal /reets1 ab\t ?ree feet wide1 & two feet above ! pavem5t4 ,! /reets 7 pav$ ) ! same h>d lava rock1 & 9 _m places x 0 worn into deep holl[s by human feet1 ?us prov+ ! high antiquity ( ! city4 ,! /reet ne> ! b>racks is only ?irte5 feet wide4 ,we pass$ ?r\gh "o /reet 9 :i* ! pavem5t 0 9 v bad ord]2 ! ruts 7 worn irregul>ly & v deep1 ! /ones 7 tilt$ out ( ! prop] level1 & !re1 z sometimes happ5s 9 mod]n cities1 ! /reet commission]s _h evid5tly n done _! duty4 8,! ,appian way1 ne> to ,pompeii1 b outside ( ! walls & imm$iately contigu\s to !m1 is1 z at ,rome1 bord]$ on bo? sides by tombs4 & 9 g5]al !y are 9 good condition1 hav+ be5 pres]v$ dur+ sev5te5 c5turies equally f injuries by ! wea!r & by wanton violation4 ,!y are ( m>ble1 & _! ,lat9 inscriptions /ill commemorate _! t5ants4 ,"o tomb1 con/ruct$ 9 ! mann] ( ! columb>ia1 is d$icat$ to ! gladiators1 & is decorat$ ) bas-reliefs repres5t+ _! combats4 ,ne> ! tombs1 & outside ( ! walls1 we saw %$s = ! horses ( ^? :o arriv$ aft] ! gates ( ! city 7 clos$4 ,no /ables h be5 discov]$ 9 ! t[n1 b skeletons ( horses 7 f\nd at ?is place1 :]e !re 0 a l>ge tav]n4 8,pompeii 0 fir/ discov]$ 9 #agdh4 ,x lies ab\t twelve miles s\?-ea/ f ,naples4 ,! t[n 0 extremely compact1 & appe>s to h be5 only ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile long by half a mile wide4 ,! h\ses 7 jo9$ toge!r4 ,tw5ty /reets1 :i* are only fifte5 feet wide1 _h be5 uncov]$ tw5ty ye>s s9ce4 ,al?\gh only "o-?ird "p ( ! city has be5 cle>$ ( its cov]+1 five or six h\rs 7 indu/ri\sly employ$ by u1 ) our two guides1 9 visit+ ! mo/ int]e/+ private dwell+s & ! public build+s4 ,we 7 inde$ ri*ly rew>d$ = our ef=t4 ,"h we 71 walk+ 9 ! v /reets & on ! v pavem5ts on :i* ! anci5t ,romans trod2 we 7 survey+ ! v h\ses 9 :i* !y dwelt3 we saw ! ve/ibules1 ! impluvium 7an int]ior & c5tral receptacle = ! ra9-wat] f ! ro(s27 _! tricl9ia1 or d9+-halls2 _! colonnades1 surr\nd+ an int]ior op5 area1 9 :i* !y walk$ & conv]s$ ) _! families & fri5ds2 ! fi%-ponds1 also 9 an op5 area2 ! private m>ble ba?s2 ! kit*5s & o!r arrangem5ts = cul9>y purposes2 ! g>d5s 9 ! re> ( ! h\ses1 ! halls & colonnades op5+ into ! g>d52 ! :ole =m+ a dome/ic dom9ion secure f public inspection4 ,all ^! arrangem5ts 7 p]fectly intelligible to u2 & z we walk$ f h\se to h\se1 x 0 n difficult to imag9e t we 7 mak+ calls1 & t ! p 7 n at home4 8,ev]y:]e1 ev5 9 ! small] h\ses1 ! floors 7 adorn$ ) mosaic2 _m ( ! be/ designs h be5 s5t to ,naples1 b1 includ+ :at is /ill cov]$1 mu* m rema9s 9 place1 & n ess5tially injur$4 ,:5 x is consid]$ t no melt$ lava fl[$ into ,pompeii1 b t x 0 cov]$ solely by a volcanic %[] ( comm9ut$ pumice & o!r pulv]ul5t mat]ials1 :i* accumulat$ until ! ro(s 7 cru%$ inw>d by ! weight1 x w be easily und]/ood t ! mosaic floors may h rema9$ = sev5te5 or eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 sub/antially un9jur$4 ,! mosaic ( ,pompeii is uncov]$ 9 _m places1 & :5 ! du/ is bru%$ away & ! surface is wip$ ) a wet clo?1 z 0 done = our gratification1 all ! orig9al brightness & beauty ( ! figures %9e =?1 & 9 ! f9e/ patt]ns1 ! execution 0 9 a high degree ta/eful & elegant4 ,at ! door ( ! mansion ( ! edile ,glaucus1 :i* 0 "o ( ! l>ge/ & be/ 9 ! city1 !re 01 9 ! ve/ibule & be=e ent]+ ! h\se1 a v />tl+ mosaic figure ( a l>ge & p[]ful dog1 secur$ by a *a9 ar\nd 8 neck1 b cr\*+ & fi]ce1 z if ab\t to spr+ ^u ! visitor2 & imm$iately be=e ?is vigilant s5t9el1 y read 9 l>ge ,roman lett]s1 ,,cave ,,canem--bew>e ( ! dog6 ,! inscription is pres]v$ 9 ! orig9al place :]e we saw x1 b ! dog has be5 remov$ to ! museum at ,naples4 ,x is /ill a p]fect figure ( a ,roman dog4 8,! frescoes ( ,pompeii & ,h]culaneum1 h put u 9 possession ( v p]fect specim5s ( ! skill ( ! ,romans 9 ! art ( pa9t+4 ,! only examples ( _! pictorial tal5t previ\sly kn[n1 7 ! comp>atively imp]fect decorations 9 ! ba?s ( ,titus at ,rome4 ,9 ^! buri$ cities ne>ly all ! walls ( ! h\ses are fresco$1 & among ^!1 h be5 f\nd _m sup]b specim5s ( anci5t art4 ,mo/ ( ! be/ h be5 remov$ to ! museum ( ,naples1 b "s ( consid]able m]it /ill rema9 9 place1 & no d\bt fur!r excavations w %[ num]\s o!rs n[ unkn[n4 ,! colors are some:at fad$1 b are bright :5 wet4 ,! copies 9 wat]-colors1 sold at ,naples1 give v p]fectly ! idea ( ^! frescoes1 b ) m brilliancy ?an is possess$ by ! orig9al4 ,_m ( ^! figures are nude1 al?\gh _m are drap$4 ,we 7 p>ticul>ly /ruck ) ! s+ul>ity ( "s ( ! figures on ! walls1 hav+ %oes v mu* l our mod]n ones4 ,z ! great object ( art is to pres5t ,nature 9 h] =ms ( greate/ purity & grace1 ^! nude figures c n meet ) m objections ?an _! mod]n repres5tatives4 ,we saw no?+ 9 ,pompeii or ,h]culaneum1 wor?y ( s mu* criticism 9 po9t ( ta/e1 z may be se5 9 almo/ any ( ! ,european gall]ies ( mod]n pa9t+4 ,titian's ,loves ( ! ,gods 9 ,bl5heim palace1 c]ta9ly surpass ! anci5ts 9 ?is respect4 8,an expect$ visit ( ! ,duke d',aumale 7son ( ,l\is ,philippe1 & alli$ by m>riage to ! royal family ( ,naples7 has be5 made ! occasion ( an additional excavation1 :i* is n[ be+ c>ri$ on by ord] ( ! k+4 ,we ?\ght x r>e good =tune1 t we c\ld /& by & see ! mov+ ( mat]ials :i* _h n be5 di/urb$ s9ce ! cata/rophe4 ,!y are entirely unconsolidat$1 & are easily mov$ by ! %ovel4 ,! accumulations did n appe> to be m ?an t5 feet above ! tops ( ! h\ses1 b if measur$ f ! level ( ! /reets1 !y might h be5 tw5ty feet 9 ?ickness4 ,9 x 7 di/9ctly visible ! alt]nation ( f9e pumice1 co>se pumice1 lapilli & d>k color$ s&1 be=e m5tion$4 8,we _h ! pleasure ( see+ ap>tm5ts t _h be5 rec5tly op5$1 & ( go+ into sev]al ( !m4 ,9 ^!1 ! pictures are fre%1 & f> less fad$ ?an 9 ^? t h be5 long expos$4 ,9 "o ( ^! h\ses1 all ! m>ble figures f\nd ar\nd ! impluvium1 & colonnade1 & f\nta91 h be5 all[$ to rema9 intact1 z ! ,romans left !m1 :5 !y fl$ = _! lives4 ,ar\nd ! f\nta9 9 "o ( ^! h\ses1 !re 7 num]\s grotesque jets =m$ ( m>ble1 9 ! %ape ( m9iature bulls1 ducks & dolph9s1 & associat$ ) !m 0 a ,bac*us4 ,a lead5 tube :i* =m]ly convey$ wat] = ! f\nta91 rema9s 9 place z x pass$ ?r\gh ! wall4 ,we obs]v$1 z illu/rat+ ! condition ( ! art ( work+ ?is metal among ! ,romans1 t ! pipe 0 n drawn nor ca/1 b 0 made by fold+ up a %eet into ! tubul> =m1 & clos+ ! jo9t by a lap )\t sold]4 ,9 ?is h\se 0 a l>ge vault$ music room1 ! walls ( :i* are ne>ly p]fect4 ,! object = :i* ! room 0 con/ruct$1 0 suffici5tly indicat$ by figures ( musical in/rum5ts1 & ( p]sons play+ ^u !m4 ,columns 7 9 g5]al use 9 ! bett] h\ses1 ar\nd ! includ$ area1 9 ! g>d5s1 & 9 o!r places4 ,9 ! be/ dwell+s !y are ( poli%$ m>ble1 9 _m !y are /ucco$4 ,"s ( ! ,roman h\ses1 9 _! mo/ p]fect & un9jur$ condition1 mu/ h be5 v beautiful1 al?\gh _! accommodations 7 mu* m limit$ ?an ^? ( mod]n times4 ,! rooms1 ! dormitories especially1 7 mu* small]1 & ! h\ses 7 l[1 & r>ely rose above two /ories4 ,!y 7 s con/ruct$ z to admit ( ! mo/ p]fect dome/ic seclusion3 no eye c\ld scrut9ize ! family privacy f ! /reet1 or f ano!r h\se4 ,v>i\s names h be5 giv5 to sev]al ( ! l>g] & m beautiful h\ses 9 ,pompeii1 sometimes fanciful1 b m frequ5tly f "s /atue1 mosaic1 pa9t+1 or o!r di/9ctive "w ( art f\nd 9 !m1 ref]r+1 z is sometimes suppos$1 to ! own]4 ,?us we saw ! h\ses ( ! ,faun1 ( ! ,m$usa1 ( ! ?ree ,f\nta9s1 & ^? ( ,pansa1 ( ,glaucus1 ( ,sallu/1 & ( ,cic]o4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ,cic]o _h a h\se at ,pompeii1 & /ill m d\btful :e!r ! "o call$ by 8 "n _h any connection ) him4 ,! ?ree f\nta9s 9 ! h\se ( t "n1 are decorat$ ) mod]n sea-%ells1 su* z n[ ab\nd 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 & 9 a /yle ( patt]ns /ill preval5t 9 ,naples4 ,! f\nta9s 9 ! two h\ses newly expos$ 7 v elegant1 & 9 p]fect condition4 8,! =um 0 l>ge & h&some1 & surr\nd$ ) d\ble r[s ( columns = a cov]$ colonnade4 ,9 connection ) x1 0 a temple ( ,jupit]1 & ano!r opposite to x1 ( ,v5us1 bo? decorat$ ) massive monoli?ic columns4 ,half-dress$ blocks ( m>ble & portions ( columns lie on ! gr\nd 9 ! =um1 :]e !y 7 9 process ( prep>ation1 to repair ! injuries done to ! build+ by ! %ocks ( an e>?quake1 be=e ! de/ructive eruption4 ,num]\s dislocat$ & propp$ walls 9 ! city be> te/imony to ! same ev5t1 :i* occurr$ 9 ! ye> #fc4 ,connect$ ) ! =um1 0 ! basilica or hall ( ju/ice1 a /ructure adorn$ ) columns1 & provid$ ) an elevat$ tribune = ! judges4 ,vault$ ap>tm5ts b5ea?1 7 us$ z a prison1 communicat+ by a circul> op5+ 9 ! cr[n ( ! ar*1 ) ! hall above4 ,9 ?is prison1 :i* we ent]$1 7 f\nd ?ree skeletons ( prison]s1 iron$ to ! floor1 d\btless wait+ _! exam9ation at ! "t ( ! cata/rophe1 :i* s unexpect$ly *ang$ ! v5ue ( _! trial to ano!r b>6 ,_m acres are inclos$ by ! v>i\s /ructures ( ! =um1 ^: v ru9s1 ) _! num]\s columns1 make a gr& appe>ance4 ,among ! ru9s1 are ^? ( a temple to ,esculapius1 "o = ,h]cules1 & ano!r = ,=tune4 8,num]\s monum5ts & inscriptions 9 ,pompeii1 indicate ! ,greek orig9 ( ! orig9al colony1 & ! ,egyptian cu/oms & society :i* prec$$ ! ,roman dyna/y4 ,! temple ( ,isis /ill %[s its sacrificial alt>1 & inscriptions 9 ,egyptian *>act]s cov] ! columns4 ,"s ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ beautiful ( ! silv] vessels 9 ! museum at ,naples1 7 f\nd 9 ?is temple4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 z we ent]$ ^! anci5t prec9cts1 9 :i* ! s]p5t 0 held sacr$1 a snake1 reput$ by ! guide z v5om\s1 cross+ our pa?1 0 made a victim1 :i* we (f]$ on ! alt>4 8,b5ea? a sup]b portico 9 ! /reet ( ! tombs1 ! skeletons ( a female & sev]al *ildr5 7 discov]$2 9 ! /reet ne> ! temple ( ,isis1 ano!r skeleton 0 f\nd at ! dep? ( t5 feet1 & bel[ x1 a l>ge collection ( gold & silv] m$als 9 p]fect pres]vation1 *iefly ( ! reign ( ,domitian4 8,! !at]s1 ^: rema9s are di/9ct1 are ! comic1 ! tragic1 & ! amphi!at]4 ,!y 7 l9$ ) poli%$ m>ble1 & 71 9 e way1 highly f9i%$ & elegant4 ,( ! two =m]1 ! entire plan & ! great] "p ( ! /ructure are visible1 & mo/ ( ! seats are 9 place4 8,! amphi!at] 0 9 a remote "p ( ! city1 ne> ! ea/]n wall4 ,x has und]gone s little dilapidation1 t x appe>s almo/ p]fect4 ,we approa*$ x by asc5d+ ! gr\nd until we 7 q at ! top1 & we !n desc5d$ by ! /one seats1 q to ! ar5a1 :i*1 by pac+1 we f\nd to be two hundr$ & =ty feet by "o hundr$ & tw5ty4 ,f ! ar5a we look$ up ov] ! entire circuit & elevation ( ! seats1 :i* are almo/ p]fectly pres]v$--?anks to ! sepulture ( sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,_h ?is amphi!at] be5 9 ! mid/ ( ,naples1 z ! ,coliseum 0 at ,rome1 x w\ld1 no d\bt1 h f>$ z ill at ! h&s ( ! ar*itects4 ,x 0 easy = u n[ to p x 9 imag9ation1 ) ! ?\s&s ( ,romans :o h s (t5 gaz$ & applaud$ f ^! seats1 :ile blood1 bo? brute & human1 0 fl[+ 9 ! ar5a :]e we 7 /&+4 ,su* may h be5 ! sc5es :5 ! tempe/ ( fire broke =?1 = ! p ( ,pompeii are said to h be5 !n engag$ 9 ! amphi!at]4 8,!re are two build+s = public ba?s1 :i* are well pres]v$2 ! bronze seats & brazi]s /ill rema9 9 !m4 ,= m51 !re 0 a common ba?1 circul> & l>ge en\gh = entire imm]sion2 x is ( m>ble1 & is n[ 9 good condition4 ,! dome1 or ceil+1 has 9 "p fall5 91 b ! portion ov] ! ba? is pres]v$4 ,we measur$ ! room & f\nd x to be sixty feet by tw5ty4 ,!re 0 ano!r ba? = wom51 contigu\s to ?is1 b at a prop] di/ance4 ,?is m>ble ba? is q p]fect1 & ! room be+ entirely ar*$ has be5 pres]v$ un9jur$4 ,x is mo/ int]e/+4 ,!re is a liv+ f\nta9 at "o end1 & !re 0 an arrangem5t1 ^: object is ev5 n[ q app>5t1 = w>m+ ! room by hot air or /eam4 ,"h1 9 ?is anci5t ladies' ba?1 we d9$ ^u our /ores br\ght out f ,naples4 ,intrud+ ^u ?is retreat1 once s sacr$1 we seat$ ourselves q conv5i5tly1 on ! side ( ! ba?1 9 a f9e fresco$ room ( sixty feet by sixte54 ,?is 0 ! mo/ p]fect build+ t we saw 9 ,pompeii4 ,9 ?is vic9ity1 !re is a liv+ f\nta9 /ill abundant1 & ! riv] ,s>no runs at ?is mom5t b5ea? ,pompeii4 ,?r\gh a wide op5+ we saw its copi\s & lively /ream /ill fl[+ 9 its anci5t *annel1 app>5tly undi/urb$ by volcanic & e>?quake convulsions4 8,! walls ( ,pompeii are /ill 9 good condition2 !y 7 ?ree miles 9 circuit1 f eighte5 to tw5ty feet high1 & tw5ty feet ?ick4 ,sev5 gates h be5 discov]$2 ! gate ( ,h]culaneum1 ( ,vesuvius1 ( ,capua1 ( ,nola1 ( ,s>no1 ( ,/abi1 & ( ! !at]s4 ,! sites ( n9e t[]s h be5 asc]ta9$4 ,we asc5d$ ! wall by /airs ( /one1 d\btless coeval ) ! wall itself3 ! view 0 impos+4 ,vesuvius rose above ! desolat$ city1 look+ d[n ^u its nak$ walls & ro(less h\ses4 ,! volcanic m\nd /ill cov]s two-?irds ( ! city1 & no?+ on its upp] surface tells ( :at lies bel[4 ,x 7 greatly to be desir$1 t an enlight5$ & en]getic gov]nm5t1 ) adequate means1 w\ld uncov] ! entire city1 ) its num]\s hidd5 works ( art & mat]ials ( hi/ory4 8,! bak]'s %op1 ) 8 ov5 ( ar*$ & mod]n =m1 ! tub ( /one 9 :i* he wet 8 broom1 & ! h\rglass-%ap$ mills ( h>d lava = gr9d+ ! gra91 we saw all p]fect4 ,!re 7 mills ( two sizes3 "o small1 su* z c\ld be turn$ by h&1 z :5 #8two wom5 7 gr9d+ at ! mill1' & "o mu* l>g]1 & provid$ ) squ>e holes to receive ! ends ( lev]s1 requir+1 ( c\rse1 mu* m =ce to turn !m1 & d\btless work$ by m54 ,! %ops ( ! w9e & oil m]*ants 7 provid$ ) l>ge amphor set 9 masonry "u ! c\nt]1 = /or+ ^? fluids1 & num]\s o!r arrangem5ts = ! conv5i5ce ( ! occupants 7 visible4 8,9 "o h\se we saw a small circul> w9d[1 9 :i* "p ( ! glass plate :i* orig9ally fill$ x /ill rema9s4 ,"o o!r simil> glass is said to h be5 f\nd1 al?\gh %utt]s 7 9 g5]al use = mo/ ( ! w9d[s4 ,z !re 7 no w9d[s1 z ) u1 op5+ ^u ! /reet1 & all ! doors & w9d[s ( ! h\se op5$ ^u private c\rts & g>d5s1 !re 0 9 ?is mild & equable climate f> less occasion = ! use ( glass ?an might seem at fir/ requisite4 ,t !y und]/ood ! manufacture ( glass1 & h[ to color x1 by ! use ( ! oxyds ( cobalt & copp]1 is abundantly prov$ by ! rema9s ( ?is anci5t art n[ 9 ! ,borbonico museum1 at ,naples4 8,"o peculi>ity 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,pompeian h\ses favors ! removal & pres]vation ( ! frescoes4 ,! walls ^u :i* ! pictures are pa9t$ are n solid1 b ! fresco$ surface is support$ by /uds ( masonry or iron1 at a di/ance ( "s f\r or five in*es 9 front ( ! brick walls4 ,security f dampness is ?us obta9$1 & ! task ( remov+ ! valu$ surface mu* simplifi$ & facilitat$4 ,! decl9+ sun f\nd u /ill l+]+ on ! seats ( ! amphi!at]1 at ! remote/ angle ( ! city wall1 dwell+ ) delight ^u ^! memorials ( ! pa/1 & speculat+ ^u ! probability ( r5ew$ activity 9 ,vesuvius1 ^: quiet blue cone rose ov] our "r %\ld]s cr[n$ ) a s(t cl\d ( vapor4 ,x 0 late 9 ! ev5+ ( ?is mo/ int]e/+ day :5 we rea*$ ! door ( our hotel1 long aft] d>kness _h hidd5 ! l&scape4 ,,! ,,museum4 8,! ,muso ,borbonico 7z x is n[ call$7 conta9s all ! mo/ *oice & valu$ works ( art & objects ( int]e/ :i* ! excavations at ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii h br\ght to light4 ,to ?is we repair$ on ! day foll[+ our visit to ,pompeii1 to foll[ up our rese>*es into ! details ( ^! mo/ int]e/+ discov]ies4 ,"h we saw ! gold5 ornam5ts f\nd ^u ! skeletons 9 ! h\se ( ,diom$e1 z be=e m5tion$1 & _m o!rs also4 ,"o pair ( bracelets weigh$ a p\nd ea*4 ,z = ! workman%ip1 all t 0 said ( ! ,etruscan gold5 ornam5ts is sub/antially true ( ! ,pompeian4 ,! ladies ( ^! cities 7 c]ta9ly well provid$ ) co/ly jewelry1 bo? ( pure gold & ( ! same metal set ) preci\s /ones4 ,!re 0 "o ribbon ( wr\ght gold4 ,r+ /ones & broo*es )\t numb] are pres]v$ "h1 & among ! cameos 9 agate1 are ! l>ge/ z well z ! smalle/ & mo/ exquisite ( ^! elaborate works ( art ev] f\nd4 ,_m ( ! latt] c be appreciat$ only :5 exam9$ "u a /rong magnifi]4 8,ut5sils 9 e>!n w>e are abundant1 b porcela9 seems to h be5 unkn[n to ! ,romans4 ,bl[n & mold$ glass ( v>i\s =ms & colors1 & design$ = v>i\s uses1 is also common4 ,pickle j>s & olive j>s1 /ill reta9+ _! pres]v$ fruits 9 good condition1 7 f\nd1 & o!rs conta9$ cosmetics or colors4 ,"o elegant vase1 ( ! color ( lapis lazuli1 has figures 9 :ite enamel cut on its sides1 rem9d+ u ( ! celebrat$ ,portl& vase4 ,! ,romans seldom employ$ iron = cul9>y purposes1 b almo/ e vessel ( ?is description 0 fa%ion$ f bronze4 ,a v ext5sive collection is f\nd 9 ?is museum1 reproduc+ ne>ly all our mod]n metallic vessels bo? ( utility & ornam5t4 ,!y are g5]ally elegant 9 =m1 & are (t5 ornam5t$ ) arti/ic designs1 especially 9 ! atta*m5t ( ! sp\ts1 h&les1 feet or o!r prom95t p>ts4 ,!y are g5]ally also 9 a rem>kable /ate ( pres]vation1 be+ = ! mo/ "p m]ely cov]$ by a ?9 coat+ ( gre5i% ru/1 easily remov$4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 !y are corrod$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) holes4 ,among ! bronze vessels 9 ! collection is "o %[+ t ! ,romans 7 well acqua9t$ ) ! mod]n device ( a heat] to keep liquids hot 9 a l>ge vessel4 ,x is q on ! model ( ! c(fee urn ( our day4 ,!y also employ$1 z is evid5t1 /eam & hot wat] to keep di%es hot2 = !re is a v pretty affair 9 bronze1 l a %all[ pan1 to hold wat]1 set on legs1 ) a fire b5ea?1 & provid$ ) valves = ! escape ( /eam4 8,among ! objects mo/ frequ5tly f\nd 9 ,pompeii are fi%+-nets & tackle1 %[+ ! habits ( ! p 9 ?is p>ticul> to be simil> to ^? ( ! mod]n t[ns ( ! same coa/1 al?\gh n[ ,pompeii is a mile f ! sea4 ,! iron r+s 9 ! walls = fa/5+ vessels 7 also f\nd1 & prove /ill m conclusively ! accumulations 9 sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,two vases 7 discov]$ 9 ,pompeii full ( wat]2 9 "o x 0 ta/eless & limpid1 & 9 ! o!r br[n & alkal9e4 ,among ! ?+s pres]v$ 9 ! buri$ cities 7 walnuts1 *e/nuts1 almonds1 dates1 dri$ figs1 prunes1 corn1 oil1 peas1 l5tils1 pies & hams4 ,papyri 7 f\nd 9 l>ge numb]s1 b ! rolls 7 black5$1 z 7 ! timb] & ! corn1 z vegetables are by inhumation 9 coal b$s4 ,beside ! pickles1 & olives1 & roe ( fi%1 already m5tion$1 we saw 9 a glass globe1 9 ?is "p ( ! museum1 :eat1 & b>ley also1 black5$ by age & dampness4 ,! loaves ( bread1 be>+ ! bak]'s /amp1 :i* 7 f\nd 9 ! %op already nam$1 are s+ul>ly p]fect1 %[+ di/9ctly ! l9es ( qu>t]+ 9 :i* ! loaf 0 design$ to be cut4 8,! works ( art f\nd 9 ,h]culaneum are 9 g5]al mu* bett] ?an ^? f ,pompeii1 & e ext]nal sign proves x to h be5 a t[n ( m ref9em5t & weal? ?an its neighbor4 ,num]\s /atues 9 bronze & m>ble h be5 collect$ f ^! cities1 & a l>ge hall 9 ! museum is devot$ to _! exhibition4 ,_m are my?ological1 b bu/s & /atues ( ! sev]al emp]ors are also common4 ,"o bronze horse1 consid]ably injur$ & corrod$1 has be5 f\nd1 & an admirable bronze ,h]cules4 ,! c&elabra 7 num]\s & elegant4 ,"o we obs]v$ fitt$ to take ap>t = ! conv5i5ce ( travel+2 its slid+ rod drops into a case or %ea?1 & ! tripod foot folds toge!r z snugly z ! w+ ( a bird4 ,a v beautiful c&elabrum1 tak5 f ! h\se ( ,diom$e1 has a basis =m$ ( a small flat table ( bronze /&+ ^u feet4 ,x is elegantly inlaid ) silv] 9 ! =m ( a runn+ v9e & ( leaves2 "s portions h be5 burni%$1 to give an idea ( its orig9al beauty4 ,a p]p5dicul> rod rises ?ree feet 9 hight1 & supports a cross ^u :i* are susp5d$ f\r lamps4 ,all ! p>ts are pres]v$2 & 7 ?is ta/eful c&elabrum put 9 ord] & burni%$1 x w\ld be a f9e =m = our mod]n arti/s to copy1 :o1 inde$1 (t5 pr(it by anci5t models4 8,! ,roman /eely>ds _h a scale susp5d$ s z to receive ! ?+ to be weigh$1 & ! weight slid1 z ) u1 ^u a graduat$ beam2 9 "o ! c\nt]poise is fa%ion$ into an elegant female head4 ,!re is a collection ( surgical in/rum5ts1 "s ( !m v simil> to ^? us$ at ! pres5t day4 ,iron probes1 iron tee? extractors1 elevators = ! op]ation ( trepann+1 a caut]iz+ iron1 lancets1 ca!t]s1 amputat+ in/rum5ts1 spatulas & ob/etric =ceps4 ,along ) ^! ?+s are rolls ( ! apo!c>y1 ready to be divid$ into pills4 ,! articles ( ! toilet are abundant2 p9s ( ivory 9 l>ge numb]s & great v>iety = ! hair2 combs1 curl+-tongs1 boxes = p]fumes & r\ge1 :i* is pres]v$ 9 a small glass bottle2 mirrors ( metal1 small1 b suffici5t = a lady's face1 & reflectors1 to be us$ probably 9 a position to give seasonable notice ( ! approa* ( a visitor f ! ve/ibule1 simil> to ! arrangem5t n[ common 9 ,holl& & ,g]many4 ,num]\s small objects attract$ our att5tion1 among :i* 7 ! ivory dice1 & tickets ( bone or ivory = admission to ! !at]1 m>k$ & numb]$4 ,musical in/rum5ts 7 common2 among !m num]\s flutes or flageolets1 prep>$ f bone4 ,num]\s bronze p5ates1 truly dii m9ores1 (t5 less ?an a f+]'s l5g? 9 hight1 "s p>tly f9i%$1 are to be se5 9 ! museum at ,naples4 8,!re is an ap>tm5t "h1 f9i%$ 9 ! /yle ( an anci5t ,roman h\se4 ,?is is 9 ! extreme end ( "o ( ! long suites ( rooms4 ,! sky-blue panels h ea*1 9 ! c5t]1 a female figure1 volant or quiet2 ! upp] "p ( ! side walls1 & ( ! dome1 is divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 :i* are decorat$ by color$ l9es & =ms ( great beauty1 ! entire effect ( :i* is *>m+4 ,! eye delights to dwell ^u !m1 & w\ld nev] be tir$1 because ! beauty1 al?\gh exquisite1 is simple & ta/eful4 ,we saw 9 ! museum1 z already m5tion$1 ! helmet & skull ( ! ,roman s5t9el f\nd at 8 po/ 9 ! city gate at ,pompeii1 ) 8 %ort sword by 8 side2 !re1 too1 0 ! complete armor ( a ,roman knight ) a decorat$ & cre/$ helmet1 ) figures emboss$ ^u ! brea/-plate1 & ! cov]+s ( ! arms & limbs4 ,we mu/ n =get ! iron /ocks = puni%m5t4 ,a b> ( iron or bronze ( great weight _h metallic projections /&+ upw>d1 betwe5 :i* ! feet 7 plac$1 & secur$ by a cross p94 ,x does n appe> t ! head 0 p9ion$1 z 9 mod]n times2 b we c\ld well und]/& h[ ! feet ( ! apo/les 7 r5d]$ lame by conf9em5t 9 ! ,roman /ocks4 8,! hall ( anci5t sculpture1 *iefly f ,pompeii & ,h]culaneum1 ) "s figures f ,rome1 p[]fully attract$ our att5tion4 ,^! sculptures1 usually ( full size1 & sometimes colossal1 are v f9e4 ,excell5t1 manly =ms1 & noble1 elevat$ features ( m51 & ( wom51 wor?y ( su* companions1 ) great v>iety ( *>act]i/ic attitude1 & 9 g5]al1 9 full co/ume1 s]v$ to convey to u1 z we may believe1 a v p]fect idea ( ! p]sonal appe>ance ( ,roman citiz5s ( t age4 ,! family ( ,balbus f\nd 9 ,h]culaneum1 is p>ticul>ly int]e/+4 ,x is compos$ ( ! fa!r1 a noble figure1 ! "m1 equally impressive1 & sons & daught]s wor?y ( su* p>5tage4 ,_! features are calm & mild4 ,x is a mo/ int]e/+ gr\p1 & 9 p]fect pres]vation4 ,! moral & intellectual expression ( ! figures 9 ^! rooms--?r\gh a long s]ies ( ap>tm5ts & a ho/ ( figures--is z v>i\s z t ( liv+ p4 8,x is conv5i5t to introduce "h a notice ( ! ,f>nesian bull2 = ?is inimitable piece ( sculpture is 9 ?is place1 al?\gh x 0 n f\nd int]r$ 9 ,pompeii or ,h]culaneum1 b buri$ among ! ru9s ( ! ba?s ( ,c>acalla4 ,a l>ge bull1 ( p]fect & beautiful =m1 is re>+ ^u 8 h9d legs1 z if ab\t to b\nd away 9 8 c\rse2 b ?is he is prev5t$ f do+1 z he is p[]fully held by ! horns & ! nose by two resolute1 a?letic "y m51 "o on ea* side1 :o h him 9 su* durance t 8 massive neck is wr9kl$ 9 l>ge folds1 z he turns 8 head backw>d 9 8 ef=ts to escape f _! grasp4 ,! cause ( ! /ruggle becomes app>5t1 :5 we glance at a f9e female =m recumb5t1 & see t h] abundant tresses are int]wov5 ) ! /r&s ( a rope :i* is noos$ ar\nd ! horns ( ! bull1 & x fla%es at once on ! m9d1 t %\ld ! madd5$ animal escape f 8 keep]s1 %e w be quickly torn 9 pieces4 ,h] noble sons h1 9 a critical mom5t1 sprung =w>d to h] rescue1 & are j able to arre/ h] imp5d+ fate4 ,filial love proves to be /rong] ?an disapprobation ( an imput$ fault1 = :i* _! "m 0 to h be5 immolat$ by ?is horrible dea?4 ,9 su* a crisis we are n c>eful to balance ! moral "q3 we in/9ctively applaud ! filial piety1 & d n ask = ! _s ( ,brutus4 ,?is wond]ful gr\p 0 sculptur$ out ( a s+le block ( m>ble ( n9e feet eight in*es by ?irte5 feet1 by ,appollonius & ,tauriscus1 two arti/s 9 ,greece1 f :i* c\ntry x 0 br\ght1 to grace ! ba?s ( ,c>acalla4 ,x is truly wond]ful t su* a pond]\s mass1 embrac+ s _m figures1 c\ld be br\ght ov] seas1 f a di/ant c\ntry1 to ,rome1 & aga9 be transport$ f t city to ,naples1 )\t injury1 aft] be+ buri$ = fifte5 c5turies 9 ! ba?s ( ,c>acalla4 ,,h]culaneum4 8,! same eruption :i* de/roy$ ,pompeii1 ,/abi1 ,oplontia & ,teglanum1 entomb$ ,h]culaneum also4 ,its site 01 h[ev]1 unkn[n1 z well z t ( ! o!r buri$ t[ns2 & ! fatal ev5t is only occasionally allud$ to by ! ,roman writ]s4 ,9 ! ye> #fc1 an e>?quake _h %att]$ ^! cities1 a precursor ( _! com+ doom4 ,9 #agaa1 a peasant1 9 digg+ a well1 discov]$1 at tw5ty feet dep?1 pieces ( color$ m>ble4 ,9 #agac1 ! digg+ be+ cont9u$1 !y /ruck d[n into a temple1 & discov]$ ! /atues ( ,cleopatra & ,h]cules2 & subsequ5t explorations disclos$ ! !at]4 ,our "t be+ v fully occupi$ ) ,pompeii on ! day :5 we 7 !re1 we res]v$ to ano!r opportunity a visit to ,h]culaneum4 ,we desc5d$ q conv5i5tly d[n /eps ( /one1 & arriv$ at ! pit ( ! !at]1 sev5ty-n9e feet bel[ ! level ( ! ma9 /reet ( ,portici1 & ,torre del ,greco4 ,) a guide1 we proce$$1 by ! light ( c&les & tor*es1 until we came to ?is subt]ranean !at]1 :i* _h be5 fill$ ) volcanic mat]ials4 ,i d n call x lava1 because !re is e reason to believe t1 l ,pompeii1 ,h]culaneum 0 buri$ by pumice1 c9d]s1 a%es1 lapilli & s&4 ,!re has be5 mu* discussion on ?is subject2 b _h ! build+s ( ,h]culaneum be5 inclos$ 9 heat$ lava1 x is obvi\s t e fresco pa9t+ & m>ble w\ld h be5 de/roy$1 & mu* m1 ! num]\s papyri & o!r sub/ances ( an organic "*1 :i* h be5 f\nd !re4 ,n[ x happ5s t ! frescoes ( ,h]culaneum1 s f> z x has be5 uncov]$1 are n only ( a high] "* 9 respect ( art ?an ^? 9 ,pompeii1 b also 9 bett] pres]vation4 ,! solidity ( ! mat]ial envelop+ ,h]culaneum is easily und]/ood1 :5 we rememb] t x has be5 = ov] sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s "u ! enorm\s pressure ( sev5ty or eighty feet ( sup]9cumb5t rock4 ,s9ce ! cata/rophe ( ,augu/1 ,a4 ,d4 #gi1 num]\s fl[s ( molt5 lava h pass$ ov] ! site ( ,h]culaneum2 & ^! successive accumulations h am\nt$ to ! ?ickness j nam$4 ,add ! effects ( wat]1 dissolv+ lime & silica1 & infiltrat+ ^! mat]ials among ! loose pumice1 & we see cause en\gh to acc\nt = ! solidification ( ^! loose mat]ials4 ,moreov]1 no sluggi% & semi-viscid lava 7su* z ! ,vesuvian lavas a %ort di/ance f _! outlet always are7 c\ld ev] h ent]$ all ! intricate passages ( ! !at] & o!r build+s2 :ile a fluid magma ( volcanic mud w\ld act 9 ! same situation j z x is n[ f\nd1 l pla/] ( ,p>is 9 a mold4 8,:5 we see ) :at labor & exp5se ! excavations h be5 made 9 ,h]culaneum1 & h[ difficult x is to dispose ( ! mat]ials1 :i* mu/ be borne a long way ?r\gh n>r[ passages l ! gall]ies ( a m9e1 & rais$ ne>ly "o hundr$ feet to ! surface1 :]e a popul\s t[n =bids ! accumulation ( rubbi%2 we are ! m easily reconcil$ to ! susp5sion ( ! labor1 & to ! ?r[+ ( ! fragm5ts into cavities t _h be5 previ\sly excavat$1 & f :i* all int]e/+ matt]s _h be5 remov$4 8,discov]ies 9 ,h]culaneum h be5 v num]\s1 b are s simil> to ^? made 9 ,pompeii t x is unnecess>y to g mu* into detail beyond :at has be5 already m5tion$4 ,?is city be+1 9 fact1 contempor>y ) ,pompeii1 we %\ld1 ( c\rse1 expect to f9d great simil>ity4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 to h be5 a gr&] city1 & probably m popul\s4 ,x has be5 comput$ t ! !at] w\ld conta9 t5 ?\s& p1 :i* w\ld imply a l>ge population4 ,two temples 7 discov]$1 "o ( !m "o hundr$ & fifty feet by sixty4 ,?is conta9$ a /atue ( ,jupit]4 ,opposite to ?is 0 ano!r build+ ( two hundr$ & tw5ty-eight feet by "o hundr$ & ?irty-two1 suppos$ to h be5 con/ruct$ = ! c\rts ( ju/ice4 ,x _h a colonnade support+ a portico2 its pavem5t 0 ( m>ble1 its walls 7 fresco$1 & !re 7 bronze /atues /&+ betwe5 ! =ty-two columns t support$ ! ro(4 8,! !at] is n[ ! only public place t c be se5 9 ,h]culaneum1 & ! excavations h br\ght its =m v di/9ctly into view4 ,its m>ble seats & ! pit h be5 s f> cle>$1 t we di/9ctly compreh5d ! design & plan4 ,! gall]ies ( access f ! /reets1 & "s ( ! rooms t 7 app5dages ( ! !at]1 h be5 op5$4 ,x appe>s to h _h two pr9cipal gates & sev5 entrances1 call$ vomitories4 ,_m /atues1 & mosaics1 & frescoes1 h be5 f\nd 9 ,h]culaneum1 & "s ( !m1 especially ! /atues1 are ( surpass+ beauty4 ,we 7 desir\s to see ! fam$ impression ( a mask1 & by hold+ a c&le ne> to x ! =m c\ld be di/9ctly se54 ,! impression is 9 concave1 & is t ( a /rongly m>k$ face ( an adult2 ! copy is well def9$1 & corresponds p]fectly ) a mold+ made by s(t aque\s mat]ials1 & n at all to "o made by lava4 8,! well1 by :i* ! light 0 orig9ally let d[n ^u ! !at]1 ( c\rse attract$ our att5tion4 ,x is n[ enl>g$ into a pit ( fifte5 to tw5ty feet 9 diamet]1 & n>r[$ t[>d ! bottom to ! size ( a common well2 x desc5ds f> bel[ ! bottom ( ! !at]1 &1 l o!r wells1 conta9s wat]4 ,a flood ( light fl[s d[n ?r\gh ?is orifice2 & x is *e]+ to pass f ! d>k *amb]s ( ! !at]1 to look up aga9 ^u ! light ( heav54 ,! subt]ranean walk1 aid$ by c&les1 ( :i* ea* p]son c>ries "o1 is1 h[ev]1 f> f be+ unpleasant4 ,/eps are cut 9 ! solid mass1 all ob/acles are cle>$ away1 & al?\gh we f9d x cool & damp1 x is n gloomy1 b 9 a high degree solemn & impressive4 ,we are walk+ 9 an anci5t tomb--! tomb ( a buri$ city--a city :i* 0 l>ge & popul\s4 ,x 0 active ) pleasure & bus9ess long be=e our ,savi\r 0 on e>?1 & x 0 ov]:elm$ :ile "s ( 8 apo/les 7 /ill alive4 ,h[ diff]5t 0 our situation "h & at ,pompeii4 ,9 ! latt] city we walk$ ! /reets 9 op5 day & on ! common level3 "h1 we 7 deep d[n 9 a /ony sepul*]2 ! mansions ( ! dep>t$ 7 all ar\nd u1 b !y 7 wrapp$ 9 solid rock4 ,! rumbl+ ( ! c>riages 9 ! /reets ( ano!r city1 ^: busy population 0 pass+ ne>ly "o hundr$ feet above our heads1 0 l\d & incessant4 ,x 0 an e>?quake f above1 & we c\ld easily und]/& h[ ! e>?quake f bel[ %\ld s readily propagate its vibrations ?r\gh _m miles1 or hundr$s ( miles1 ( solid mat]ials4 ,among ! int]e/+ places h]et(ore excavat$1 b n[ fill$ aga91 7 ! basilica1 ! m>ket1 ! s*ol1 a columb>ium1 & ! s-call$ villa ( ,ari/ides1 9 :i* papyrus1 bronzes1 r>e mosaics1 & all ?+s t atte/$ to ! weal? & ta/e ( ! proprietor1 7 f\nd4 ,9 excavations made prior to #agbh !y f\nd ! mo/ spl5did h\se ( ! anci5ts t _h ev] be5 se5 by mod]n eyes4 8,a great "w on ,h]culaneum 0 publi%$ by royal au?ority1 9 ! ?irty-eight ye>s int]v5+ betwe5 #aged & #agib1 9 n9e folio volumes1 includ+ ! pictures1 lamps1 bronzes & c&elabra2 sev5 hundr$ & ?irty-eight pictures 7 nam$ 9 ! catalogue1 & ! o!r articles 7 proportionally num]\s4 ,! "w 0 pres5t$1 by royal munific5ce1 to ! pr9cipal public libr>ies ( ,europe4 8,bo? ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii 7 m5tion$ ) comm5dation by ,cic]o4 ,bo? appe> to h be5 favorite resid5ces ( ! opul5t ,romans2 bo? t[ns 7 9 ! fir/ class ( prov9cial cities1 & ,h]culaneum especially 0 adorn$ by _m villas4 ,!y _h all ! public e/abli%m5ts t 7 usual 9 ,rome4 ,inde$1 ! entire circuit1 f ,cape ,mis5um ar\nd ?r\gh ! t[ns & villages ( ! bay ( ,bai1 & onw>d ?r\gh ,naples to ,h]culaneum1 & ,pompeii1 & ,/abi1 appe>s to h be5 )9 ! range ( ,roman sumptu\sness1 & a *]i%$ resort = rural retirem5t f ! et]nal city4 8,! papyri ( ,pompeii are g5]ally illegible1 be+ p5etrat$ by ! pulv]ul5t mat]ial1 :i*1 aid$ by wat]1 _h usurp$ ! place ( ! vegetable matt]1 or assimilat$ x to coal2 a portion ( x 0 f\nd to be soluble 9 naph?a4 ,^? buri$ 9 ,h]culaneum 7 n p5etrat$ by ! envelop+ matt]2 & ! inscriptions1 al?\gh black l t9d]1 c\ld /ill be read1 z writ+ c (t5 be se5 ^u burnt pap]4 ,! papyri ,,mss4 7 g5]ally writt5 9 ,greek2 a few are 9 ,lat94 ,!re is mu* v>iety ( *irography1 & !re are _m erasures4 ,tickets 7 atta*$ to ! bundles1 /at+ ! title ( ! "w4 ,9 a s+le villa 9 ,h]culaneum 7 f\nd sixte5 hundr$ & n9ety-six rolls ( papyrus1 ( ! eighte5 hundr$ ?us f> kn[n4 ,9 #ahai1 f\r hundr$ & sev5 ( ! sixte5 hundr$ & n9ety-six _h be5 unroll$1 ( :i* only eighty-eight 7 legible2 tw5ty-f\r _h be5 s5t z pres5ts to =eign pr9ces2 ( ! rema9+ twelve hundr$ & sixty-five1 only f eighty to "o hundr$ & tw5ty 7 9 a /ate to promise any success1 accord+ to ! *emical me?od at t "t recomm5d$ by ,sir ,humphrey ,davy4 ,! titles ( f\r hundr$ ( ^? lea/ injur$1 :i* h be5 read1 al?\gh new are unimportant1 music1 rhetoric & cook]y be+ ! *ief subjects4 ,!re are two volumes ( ,epicurus on ,nature1 & !re are o!r works by t s*ool4 ,! rolls1 9 _! coil$ condition1 7 sc>cely a span long1 & two or ?ree in*es ?ick2 !y 7 made ( pieces ( ,egyptian papyrus1 glu$ toge!r2 "s ( ! rolls 71 :5 ext5d$1 =ty or fifty feet long4 ,! me?od f\nd mo/ successful = unroll+ ! papyri is to susp5d !m by silk cords 9 a glass case2 & by atta*+ ! delicate l9+ membrane ( "s species ( bird to ! back1 ) ! aid ( silk5 cords & regulat$ weights susp5d$ by pulleys1 gravity sl[ly unfolds ! brittle tissue at a rate ( almo/ inappreciable t>d9ess4 ,we 7 p]mitt$ to see ?is curi\s process4 8,a little fur!r f ,vesuvius ?an ,pompeii1 b 9 ! same direction1 0 ,/abi1 :i* 0 cov]$ at ! same "t ) ! o!r cities4 ,! t[n ( ,ca/el del ,m>e is built ov] a portion ( x4 ,a "p ( ,/abi 0 excavat$1 b has be5 cov]$ aga91 s t at pres5t !re is no?+ ( x to be se54 ,"s manuscripts on papyrus 7 f\nd !re1 z at ,h]culaneum1 b v few skeletons h be5 discov]$2 x is probable t mo/ ( ! inhabitants _h "t to make _! escape4 ,i h else:]e allud$ to ! dea? ( ! eld] ,pl9y1 :i* happ5$ "h4 ,z comm&] ( ! ,roman fleet1 he 0 /ation$ on ! opposite side ( ! bay1 at ,cape ,mis5um2 b ! spl5did outbur/ ( ,vesuvius1 !n novel1 induc$ him1 prompt$ by 8 humanity & by 8 zeal 9 natural sci5ce1 to cross ov] ) a few att5dants2 he approa*$ too ne>1 & 0 con/ra9$ to rema9 ov] night4 ,be+ corpul5t & ( an a/hmatic habit1 he 0 suffocat$ by ! deadly gases exhal$ 9 ! volcanic tempe/1 :i* prov$ too mu* = 8 peculi> condition1 & he di$ on ! spot4 ,! affect+ & beautiful n>rative writt5 by 8 nephew1 ! y\ng] ,pl9y1 address$ to ! hi/orian ,tacitus1 is famili> to ! read]s ( ,roman lit]ature1 & c nev] be p]us$ )\t a deep & pa9ful int]e/40 ,we w\ld m]ely add1 9 clos+ ?is long b deeply int]e/+ n>rative ( ! buri$ cities1 t x is suppos$ t ab\t "o-?ird ( ! entire city ( ,pompeii is n[ uncov]$1 includ+ f\r pr9cipal /reets1 & all ! important build+s ( ! anci5t city4 ,a long /reet1 lead+ to ! ,/abian gate1 is n[ be+ excavat$2 & 9 ?is /reet1 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable discov]ies has be5 made ( any :i* h yet occurr$2 viz41 t ( ! complete ro(+ ( a h\se4 ,z already /at$1 ,pompeii1 hav+ be5 de/roy$ by fall+ a%es1 & !n cov]$ ) e>?1 _h suff]$ ! loss ( ! ro(s ( its h\ses4 ,inde$1 "s suppos$ !y _h be5 c>ri$ away by a :irlw9d :i* !y imag9$ mu/ h prec$$ or att5d$ ! volcanic eruption4 ,! little c>e us$ 9 cle>+ away ! incumb5t matt]1 _h left u 9 ! d>k z to ! con/ruction ( ! anci5t ro(+s4 ,b q rec5tly1 ?is discov]y has be5 made ( a complete ro( ( a h\se1 =m$ ( tiles1 ea* ab\t twelve in*es squ>e1 ) cop+ tiles runn+ betwe5 !m2 & ov] ! backbone1 s to speak1 ( ! con/ruction1 a cem5t 0 appli$ to make ! ro(+ wat]-tight4 ,s p]fect is ?is ro(1 t x might h be5 con/ruct$ ye/]day2 & x w\ld suit a mod]n ,engli% or ,am]ican cottage z well z a ,roman dwell+4 ,! :ole is n[ inclos$ 9 a rail+1 & = ! pres5t w n probably be remov$4 ,,e>?quakes4 8,he looke? on ! e>?1 & x tremble?3 he t\*e? ! hills1 & !y smoke40--,,psalms4 8,t[]s1 temples1 palaces1 ,flung f _! deep f\ndations1 ro( on ro( ,cru%$ horrible1 & pile on pile o'erturn$1 ,fall total40--,,mallet4 8,! globe ar\nd e>?'s holl[ surface %akes1 ,& is ! ceil+ ( h] sleep+ sons4 ,o'er deva/ation we bl9d revels keep2 ,^: buri$ t[ns support ! danc]'s heel40--,,"y4 ,t fires1 to a v great ext5t1 & produc$ by v>i\s causes1 exi/ at diff]5t dep?s b5ea? ! surface ( ! e>?1 mu/ be entirely evid5t to ^? :o h p]us$ ! acc\nts ( volcanoes 9 our previ\s pages2 & rec5t exp]im5ts h %[n1 t :]e ! sub/ances 9 :i* su* fires occur1 lie at a consid]able dep?1 & are surm\nt$ by a v deep & heavy sup]9cumb5t pressure1 m especially :5 !y conta9 l>ge portions ( ela/ic gases1 ! effect ( su* fires w be mu* great]1 & m div]sifi$1 ?an :]e ^! circum/ances are abs5t4 ,among ! mo/ p[]ful & extraord9>y ( ^! effects e>?quakes are to be reckon$4 ,!y are unque/ionably ! mo/ dreadful ( ! ph5om5a ( nature1 & are n conf9$ to ^? c\ntries :i*1 f ! influ5ce ( climate1 _! vic9ity to volcanic m\nta9s1 or any o!r simil> cause1 h be5 consid]$ z m p>ticul>ly subject to !m1 _! effects hav+ (t be5 felt 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 al?\gh n 9 s ext5sive & calamit\s a degree4 ,_! %ocks & ! eruptions ( volcanoes1 h be5 consid]$ z modifications ( ! effects ( "o common cause2 & :]e ! agitation produc$ by an e>?quake ext5ds fur!r ?an !re is reason to suspect a subt]rane\s commotion1 x is probably propagat$ ?r\gh ! e>? ne>ly 9 ! same way t a noise is convey$ ?r\gh ! air4 ,! diff]5t hypo!ses :i* h be5 imag9$ on ?is subject may be r$uc$ to ! foll[+4 ,"s naturali/s h ascrib$ e>?quakes to wat]1 o!rs to fire1 & o!rs1 aga91 to air2 ea* ( ^! p[]ful ag5ts be+ suppos$ to op]ate 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 :i* !y ass]t to ab\nd ev]y:]e ) huge subt]rane\s cav]ns1 ve9s & canals1 "s fill$ ) wat]1 o!rs ) gase\s exhalations1 & o!rs replete ) v>i\s sub/ances1 su* z nit]1 sulphur1 bitum5 & vitriol4 ,ea* ( ^! op9ions has its advocates1 :o h writt5 copi\sly on ! subject4 ,9 a pap] publi%$ 9 ! 8,philosophical ,transactions10 ,dr4 ,li/] ascribes e>?quakes1 z well z ?und] & lightn+1 to ! inflammable brea? ( ! pyrites1 a sub/antial sulphur1 capable ( spontane\s combu/ion2 9 a ^w1 z ,pl9y _h obs]v$ be=e him1 he supposes an e>?quake to be no?+ m ?an subt]rane\s ?und]4 ,dr4 ,woodw>d ?9ks1 t ! subt]rane\s fire :i* cont9ually raises ! wat] f ! abyss1 or great res]voir1 9 ! c5t] ( ! e>?1 = ! supply ( dew1 ra91 spr+s & riv]s1 be+ div]t$ f its ord9>y c\rse by "s accid5tal ob/ruction 9 ! pores ?r\gh :i* x is us$ to asc5d to ! surface1 becomes1 by su* means1 pret]naturally assembl$ 9 a great] quantity ?an usual1 9 "o place1 & ?us causes a r>efaction & intumesc5ce ( ! wat] ( ! abyss1 ?r[+ x into great] commotions1 & at ! same "t mak+ ! l ef=t on ! e>?1 :i*1 be+ exp&$ on ! surface ( ! abyss1 occasions an e>?quake4 ,mr4 ,mit*ell supposes ^! ph5om5a to be occasion$ by subt]rane\s fires1 :i*1 if a l>ge quantity ( wat] be let loose on !m sudd5ly1 may produce a vapor1 ! quantity & ela/ic =ce ( :i* may fully suffice = ! purpose4 ,aga91 ,m4 ,amontus1 a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 endeavors to prove1 t1 on ! pr9ciple ( exp]im5ts made on ! weight & ela/icity ( ! air1 a mod]ate degree ( heat may br+ t elem5t into a /ate capable ( caus+ e>?quakes4 ,mod]n electrical discov]ies h ?r[n mu* light on ?is subject4 ,dr4 ,/ukely /r5u\sly d5ies t e>?quakes are to be ascrib$ to subt]rane\s w9ds1 fires or vapors1 & ?9ks t !re is n any evid5ce ( ! cav]n\s /ructure ( ! e>?1 :i* su* a hypo!sis requires4 ,subt]rane\s vapors he ?9ks1 are altoge!r inadequate to ! effects produc$ by e>?quakes1 m p>ticul>ly 9 cases :]e ! %ock is ( consid]able ext5t3 = a subt]rane\s p[]1 capable ( mov+ a surface ( e>? only ?irty miles 9 diamet]1 mu/ be lodg$ at lea/ fifte5 or tw5ty miles bel[ ! surface1 & move an inv]t$ cone ( solid e>?1 ^: basis is ?irty miles 9 diamet]1 & its axis fifte5 or tw5ty miles1 :i* he ?9ks absolutely impossible4 ,h[ mu* m inconceivable is x1 !n1 t any su* p[] c\ld h produc$ ! e>?quake ( #agee1 :i* 0 felt 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe & ,africa1 & 9 ! ,atlantic ocean2 or t :i* 9 ,asia ,m9or1 9 ! sev5te5? ye> ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 de/roy$ ?irte5 great cities 9 "o night1 & %ook a mass ( e>? ?ree hundr$ miles 9 diamet]4 ,to effect ?is1 ! mov+ p[]1 suppos+ x to h be5 int]nal fire or vapor1 mu/ h be5 lodg$ two hundr$ miles b5ea? ! surface ( ! e>?6 ,besides1 9 e>?quakes1 ! effect is in/antane\s2 :]eas ! op]ation ( ela/ic vapor1 & its dis*>ge1 mu/ be gradual1 & require a long space ( "t2 & if ^! be ow+ to explosions1 !y mu/ alt] ! surface ( ! c\ntry :]e !y happ51 de/roy ! f\nta9s & spr+s1 & *ange ! c\rse ( its riv]s1 results :i* are contradict$ by hi/ory & obs]vation4 ,to ^! & o!r consid]ations ! doctor adds1 t ! /rokes :i* %ips receive dur+ an e>?quake1 mu/ be occasion$ by some?+ :i* c communicate motion ) mu* great] velocity ?an any heav+ ( ! e>? "u ! sea1 caus$ by ! ela/icity ( g5]at$ vapors1 :i* w\ld m]ely produce a gradual swell1 & n su* an impulsion ( ! wat] z resembles a viol5t bl[ on ! bottom ( a %ip1 or its /rik+ on a rock4 ,h5ce he deems ! common hypo!sis insuffici5t1 & adduces sev]al reasons to %[ t e>?quakes are 9 reality electric %ocks4 ,to confirm ?is op9ion1 he notices1 among o!r ph5om5a1 ei!r prec$+ or att5d+ e>?quakes1 t ! wea!r is usually dry & w>m = "s "t be=e !y happ51 & t ! surface ( ! gr\nd is ?us previ\sly prep>$ = t k9d ( electrical vibration 9 :i* !y consi/2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 9 sev]al places :]e !y h occurr$1 ! int]nal p>ts1 at a small dep? b5ea? ! surface1 7 moi/ & boggy4 ,h5ce he inf]s1 t !y rea* v little b5ea? ! surface4 ,t ! s\!rn regions are m subject to e>?quakes ?an ! nor!rn1 he ?9ks is ow+ to ! great] w>m? & dryness ( ! e>? & air1 :i* are qualities s necess>y to electricity4 ,x may "h be notic$1 t1 be=e ! e>?quakes ( ,london1 9 #agdi1 all vegetation 0 rem>kably =w>d2 & x is well kn[n1 t electricity quick5s vegetation4 ,! frequ5t & s+ul> appe>ance ( boreal & au/ral auror1 & ! v>iety ( meteors by :i* e>?quakes are prec$$1 indicate an electrical /ate ( ! atmosph]e2 & ! doctor appreh5ds t1 9 ?is /ate ( ! e>? & air1 no?+ m is necess>y to produce ^! ph5om5a1 ?an ! approa* ( a non-electric cl\d1 & ! dis*>ge ( its cont5ts1 on any "p ( ! e>?1 :5 9 a highly electrifi$ /ate4 ,9 ! same way z ! dis*>ge f an excit$ tube occasions a commotion 9 ! human body1 s ! %ock produc$ by ! dis*>ge betwe5 ! cl\d & _m miles 9 compass ( solid e>?1 mu/ be an e>?quake1 & ! snap f ! contact ! noise att5d+ x4 ,! !ory ( ,m4 de ,/4 ,laz>e diff]s f ! above hypo!sis1 z to ! electrical cause4 ,x ascribes ! production ( e>?quakes to ! int]ruption ( ! equilibrium betwe5 ! electrical matt] diffus$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 & t :i* belongs to ! mass ( our globe1 & p]vades its b[els4 ,if ! electrical fluid %\ld be sup]abundant1 z may happ5 f a v>iety ( causes1 its curr5t1 by ! laws ( motion peculi> to fluids1 is c>ri$ t[>d ^? places :]e x is 9 a simil> quantity2 & ?us x w sometimes pass f ! int]nal p>ts ( ! globe into ! atmosph]e4 ,?is happ5+1 if ! equilibrium be re/abli%$ )\t difficulty1 ! curr5t m]ely produces ! effect ( :at ,m4 de ,/4 ,laz>e calls asc5d+ ?und]2 b if ?is re/abli%m5t be oppos$ by consid]able & multipli$ ob/acles1 ! consequ5ce is !n an e>?quake1 ! viol5ce & ext5t ( :i* are 9 exact proportion to ! degree ( int]ruption ( ! equilibrium1 ! dep? ( ! electric matt]1 & ! ob/acles :i* are to be surm\nt$4 ,if ! electric furnace be suffici5tly l>ge & deep to give rise to ! =mation ( a conduit or issue1 ! production ( a volcano w foll[1 its successive eruptions be+1 accord+ to him1 no?+ m 9 reality ?an electric repulsions ( ! sub/ances conta9$ 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,f ?is reason+ he endeavors to d$uce ! practicability ( =m+ a c\nt]-e>?quake1 & a c\nt]-volcano1 by means ( c]ta9 electrical conductors1 :i* he describes1 s z to prev5t ^! convulsions 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,! op9ion ( ,signior ,becc>ia is ne>ly simil>2 & f 8 hypo!sis & t ( ,dr4 ,/ukely1 ! celebrat$ ,prie/ly has endeavor$ to =m "o /ill m g5]al & m feasible4 ,he supposes ! electric fluid to be1 9 "s mode or o!r1 accumulat$ on "o "p ( ! surface ( ! e>?1 &1 on acc\nt ( ! dryness ( ! season1 n to diffuse itself readily3 x may ?us1 z ,becc>ia conjectures1 =ce its way into ! high] regions ( ! air1 =m+ cl\ds out ( ! vapors :i* float 9 ! atmosph]e1 & may occasion a sudd5 %[]1 :i* may fur!r promote its progress4 ,! :ole surface be+ ?us unload$1 w1 l any o!r conduct+ sub/ance1 receive a concussion1 ei!r on p>t+ )1 or on receiv+ any quantity ( ! electric fluid4 ,! ru%+ noise w likewise sweep ov] ! :ole ext5t ( ! c\ntry2 &1 on ?is supposition also1 ! fluid1 9 its dis*>ge f ! surface ( ! e>?1 w naturally foll[ ! c\rse ( ! riv]s1 & w take ! advantage ( any em95ces to facilitate its asc5t into ! high] regions ( ! air4 ,su* are ! argum5ts 9 favor ( ! electrical hypo!sis2 b1 s9ce x has be5 support$ ) s mu* ability1 an +5i\s writ]1 ,:itehur/1 9 8 8,inquiry into ! ,orig9al ,/ate & ,=mation ( ! ,e>?10 cont5ds t subt]rane\s fire1 & ! /eam g5]at$ f x1 are ! true & real causes ( e>?quakes4 ,:51 he obs]ves1 x is consid]$ t ! expansive =ce ( /eam is to t ( gunp[d] z tw5ty-eight to "o1 x may be conc$$ t ?is expansive =ce1 & ! ela/icity ( /eam1 are 9 e way capable ( produc+ ! /up5d\s effects attribut$ to ^! ph5om5a4 ,?is is1 n[1 ! almo/ univ]sally receiv$ !ory z to ! cause ( e>?quakes1 t !y orig9ate 9 ! same g5]al causes :i* produce volcanoes2 t is1 f ! action ( ! heat & fires t are f\nd 9 ! int]ior ( ! e>?4 ,:5 ^! fires f9d ready v5t1 !y produce ! ov]fl[+ volcano2 b :5 %ut up & conf9$1 _! =ce is s great z to %ake ! solid cru/ ( ! globe :i* cov]s !m4 ,among ! mo/ /rik+ ph5om5a ( e>?quakes1 :i* pres5t a fe>ful assemblage ( ! comb9$ effects ( air1 e>?1 fire & wat]1 9 a /ate ( unre/ra9$ cont5tion1 may be notic$ ! foll[+4 ,be=e ! p]cussion a rumbl+ s\nd is he>d1 proce$+ ei!r f ! air1 or f fire1 or1 p]haps1 f bo? 9 conjunction1 =c+ _! way ?r\gh ! *asms ( ! e>?1 & endeavor+ to lib]ate !mselves3 ?is1 z has be5 se51 likewise happ5s 9 volcanic eruptions4 ,secondly1 a viol5t agitation or heav+ ( ! sea1 sometimes prec$+1 & sometimes foll[+ ! %ock3 ?is is also a volcanic effect4 ,?irdly1 a sp\t+ up ( ! wat]s to a great hight1 a ph5om5on :i* is common to e>?quakes & volcanoes1 & :i* c n be readily acc\nt$ =4 ,f\r?ly1 a rock+ ( ! e>?1 &1 occasionally1 :at may be t]m$ a p]p5dicul> reb\nd+3 ?is div]sity has be5 suppos$ by "s naturali/s to arise *iefly f ! situation ( ! place1 relatively to ! subt]rane\s fire1 :i*1 :5 imm$iately b5ea?1 causes ! e>? to rise1 & :5 at a di/ance1 to rock4 ,fif?ly1 e>?quakes are sometimes obs]v$ to travel onw>d1 s z to be felt 9 diff]5t c\ntries at diff]5t h\rs ( ! same day4 ,?is may be acc\nt$ = by ! viol5t %ock giv5 to ! e>? at "o place1 & communicat$ progressively by an undulatory motion1 successively affect+ diff]5t regions z x passes along1 9 ! same way z ! bl[ giv5 by a /one ?r[n into a lake1 is n p]ceiv$ at ! %ore until "s "t aft] ! fir/ concussion4 ,six?ly1 ! %ock is sometimes in/antane\s1 l ! explosion ( gunp[d]1 & sometimes tremul\s1 la/+ = sev]al m9utes4 ,! ne>] to ! obs]v] ! place :]e ! %ock is fir/ giv51 ! m in/antane\s & simple x appe>s2 :ile1 at a great] di/ance1 ! e>? seems to r$\ble ! fir/ bl[1 ) a sort ( vibratory cont9uation4 ,la/ly1 z ! wat]s h 9 g5]al s great a %>e 9 ! production ( e>?quakes1 x is n surpris+ t !y %\ld g5]ally foll[ ! brea*es made by ! =ce ( fire1 & appe> 9 ! great *asms op5$ by ! e>?4 ,,e>?quakes ,,( ,,anci5t ,,times4 ,! e>lie/ e>?quake1 wor?y ( notice1 ( :i* we h any record1 0 t :i* 9 ! ye> #fc s sev]ely injur$ ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 & f ! effects ( :i* !y _h n be5 re/or$ :5 !y 7 ov]:elm$ by ! volcano4 ,"s ( ! mo/ rem>kable e>?quakes ( anci5t times are describ$ by ,pl9y4 ,among ! mo/ ext5sive & de/ructive ( ^!1 0 ! "o already notic$1 by :i* ?irte5 cities 9 ,asia ,m9or 7 swall[$ up 9 "o night4 ,ano!r :i* succe$$1 %ook ! great] "p ( ,italy4 ,b ! mo/ extraord9>y "o1 describ$ by him1 happ5$ dur+ ! consulate ( ,lucius ,m>cus & ,sextus ,julius1 9 ! ,roman prov9ce ( ,mut9a4 ,he relates1 t two m\nta9s felt s trem5d\s a %ock1 t !y seem$ to approa* & retire ) a mo/ dreadful noise4 ,!y at ! same "t1 & 9 ! middle ( ! day1 ca/ =? fire & smoke1 to ! dismay ( ! a/oni%$ spectator4 ,by ?is %ock sev]al t[ns 7 de/roy$1 & all ! animals 9 _! vic9ity kill$4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,trajan1 ! city ( ,antio* 01 toge!r ) a great "p ( ! adjac5t c\ntry1 de/roy$ by an e>?quake2 & ab\t ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft]1 dur+ ! reign ( ,ju/9ian1 x 0 aga9 de/roy$1 ) ! loss ( =ty ?\s& ( its inhabitants4 ,la/ly1 aft] an int]val ( sixty ye>s1 t ill-fat$ city 0 a ?ird "t ov]:elm$1 ) a loss ( sixty ?\s& s\ls4 ,! e>?quake :i* happ5$ at ,rhodes1 upw>d ( two hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 ?rew d[n ! fam\s colossus1 toge!r ) ! ars5al1 & a great "p ( ! walls ( ! city4 ,9 ! ye> #aahb1 ! great] "p ( ! cities ( ,syria1 & ( ! k+dom ( ,j]usalem1 7 de/roy$ by a simil> cata/rophe2 & 9 #aeid1 ! ,italian writ]s describe an e>?quake at ,puteoli1 :i* occasion$ ! sea to retire two hundr$ y>ds f its =m] b$4 ,,e>?quake ,,9 ,,calabria4 ,! dreadful e>?quake :i* happ5$ 9 ,calabria1 9 #afch1 is describ$ by ! ,jesuit ,kir*]1 :o 0 at t "t on 8 way to ,sicily to visit ,m\nt ,etna4 ,9 approa*+ ! gulf ( ,*>ybdis1 x appe>$ to :irl r\nd 9 su* a mann] z to =m a va/ holl[1 v]g+ to a po9t 9 ! c5t]4 ,on look+ t[>d ,etna1 x 0 se5 to emit l>ge volumes ( smoke1 ( a m\nta9\s size1 :i* entirely cov]$ ! :ole isl&1 & obscur$ f 8 view ! v %ores4 ,?is1 toge!r ) ! dreadful noise1 & ! sulphur\s /5*1 :i* 0 /rongly p]ceptible1 fill$ him ) appreh5sions t a /ill m dreadful calamity 0 imp5d+4 ,! sea 0 agitat$1 cov]$ ) bubbles1 & _h altoge!r a v unusual appe>ance4 ,8 surprise 0 /ill m increas$ by ! s]5ity ( ! wea!r1 !re n be+ a brea? ( air1 nor a cl\d1 :i* might be suppos$ to put all nature ?us 9 motion4 ,he !re=e w>n$ 8 companions t an e>?quake 0 approa*+1 & l&$ ) all possible dilig5ce at ,tropa1 9 ,calabria4 ,he _h sc>cely rea*$ ! ,jesuits' college1 :5 8 e>s 7 /unn$ ) a horrid s\nd1 resembl+ t ( an inf9ite numb] ( *>iots driv5 fi]cely =w>d1 ! :eels rattl+1 & ! ?ongs crack+4 ,! tract on :i* he /ood seem$ to vibrate1 z if he _h be5 9 ! scale ( a balance :i* /ill cont9u$ to wav]4 ,! motion soon becom+ m viol5t1 he 0 ?r[n pro/rate on ! gr\nd4 ,! univ]sal ru9 ar\nd him n[ r$\bl$ 8 amazem5t3 ! cra% ( fall+ h\ses1 ! tott]+ ( t[]s1 & ! groans ( ! dy+1 all contribut$ to excite emotions ( t]ror & despair4 ,dang] ?reat5$ him :]ev] he %\ld flee2 b1 hav+ rema9$ unhurt amid ! g5]al concussion1 he resolv$ to v5ture = safety1 & rea*$ ! %ore1 almo/ t]rifi$ out ( 8 reason4 ,"h he f\nd 8 companions1 ^: t]rors 7 /ill great] ?an 8 own4 ,he l&$ on ! foll[+ day at ,ro*etta1 :]e ! e>? /ill cont9u$ to be viol5tly agitat$4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 sc>cely rea*$ ! inn at :i* he int5d$ to lodge1 :5 he 0 once m oblig$ to return to ! boat3 9 ab\t half an h\r ! great] "p ( ! t[n1 includ+ ! inn1 0 ov]:elm$1 & ! inhabitants buri$ b5ea? its ru9s4 ,n f9d+ any safety on l&1 & expos$1 by ! smallness ( ! boat to a v haz>d\s passage by sea1 he at l5g? l&$ at ,lopizium1 a ca/le midway betwe5 ,tropa & ,euphmia1 ! city to :i* he 0 b\nd4 ,"h1 :]ev] he turn$ 8 eyes1 no?+ b sc5es ( ru9 & horror appe>$3 t[ns & ca/les 7 level$ to ! gr\nd2 :ile ,/romboli1 al?\gh sixty miles di/ant1 0 se5 to vomit flames 9 an unusual mann]1 & ) a noise :i* he c\ld di/9ctly he>4 ,f remote objects 8 att5tion 0 soon div]t$ to contigu\s dang]3 ! rumbl+ s\nd ( an approa*+ e>?quake1 ) :i* he 0 by ?is "t well acqua9t$1 al>m$ him = ! consequ5ces4 ,e in/ant x grew l\d]1 z if approa*+2 & ! spot on :i* he /ood %ook s dreadfully1 t be+ unable to /&1 he & 8 companions caught hold ( ! %rubs :i* grew ne>e/ to !m1 & 9 t mann] support$ !mselves4 ,?is viol5t p>oxysm hav+ ceas$1 he n[ ?\ght ( prosecut+ 8 voyage to ,euphmia1 :i* lay )9 a %ort di/ance4 ,turn+ 8 eyes t[>d t city1 he c\ld m]ely p]ceive a t]rific d>k cl\d1 :i* seem$ to re/ on ! place4 ,he 0 ! m surpris$ at ?is1 z ! wea!r 0 rem>kably s]5e4 ,wait+1 !re=e1 until ?is cl\d _h pass$ away1 he turn$ to look = ! city2 b1 alas6 x 0 totally sunk1 & 9 its place a dismal & putrid lake 0 to be se54 ,all 0 a melan*oly solitude1 a sc5e ( hide\s desolation4 ,su* 0 ! fate ( ! city ( ,euphmia2 & ! o!r deva/at+ effects ( ?is e>?quake 7 s great1 t along ! :ole coa/ ( t "p ( ,italy1 = ! space ( two hundr$ miles1 ! rema9s ( ru9$ t[ns & villages 7 ev]y:]e to be se51 & ! inhabitants1 )\t dwell+s1 disp]s$ ov] ! fields4 ,kir*] at l5g? t]m9at$ 8 di/ressful voyage1 by rea*+ ,naples1 aft] hav+ escap$ a v>iety ( p]ils bo? by sea & l&4 ,,! ,,great ,,e>?quake ,,( #agee4 ,?is v rem>kable & de/ructive e>?quake ext5d$ ov] a tract ( at lea/ f\r millions ( squ>e miles4 ,x appe>s to h orig9at$ b5ea? ! ,atlantic ocean1 ! waves ( :i* receiv$ almo/ z viol5t a concussion z ! l&4 ,its effects 7 ev5 ext5d$ to ! wat]s1 9 _m places :]e ! %ocks 7 n p]ceptible4 ,x p]vad$ ! great] portions ( ! cont95ts ( ,europe1 ,africa & ,am]ica2 b its extreme viol5ce 0 ex]cis$ on ! s\?-we/]n "p ( ! =m]4 ,lisbon1 ! ,portuguese capital1 _h already suff]$ greatly f an e>?quake 9 #aeca2 &1 s9ce ! calamity ab\t to be describ$1 has _h ?ree su* visitations1 9 #agfa1 #agfe1 & #aggb1 :i* 7 n1 h[ev]1 att5d$ by equally disa/r\s consequ5ces4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance x _h be5 rem>k$ t s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ! ye> #agej1 less ra9 _h fall5 ?an _h be5 kn[n 9 ! memory ( ! olde/ ( ! inhabitants1 unless dur+ ! spr+ prec$+ ! calamit\s ev5t4 ,! summ] _h be5 unusually cool2 & ! wea!r f9e & cle> = ! la/ =ty days4 ,at l5g?1 on ! fir/ ( ,novemb]1 ab\t =ty m9utes pa/ n9e 9 ! morn+1 a mo/ viol5t %ock ( an e>?quake 0 felt2 its duration did n exce$ six seconds2 b s p[]ful 0 ! concussion1 t x ov]?rew e *ur* & conv5t 9 ! city1 toge!r ) ! royal palace1 & ! magnific5t op]a h\se adjo9+ to x2 9 %ort1 no build+ ( any consequ5ce escap$4 ,ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! dwell+-h\ses 7 ?r[n d[n2 &1 at a mod]ate computation1 ?irty ?\s& p]sons p]i%$4 ,! sight ( ! dead bodies1 & ! %rieks ( ^? :o 7 half-buri$ 9 ! ru9s1 7 t]rible beyond description2 & s great 0 ! con/]nation1 t ! mo/ resolute man dur/ n /ay a mom5t to extricate ! fri5d he lov$ mo/ affectionately1 by ! removal ( ! /ones b5ea? ! weight ( :i* he 0 cru%$4 ,self-pres]vation alone 0 consult$2 & ! mo/ probable security 0 s\ght1 by gett+ into op5 places1 & into ! middle ( ! /reets4 ,^? :o 7 9 ! upp] /ories ( ! h\ses1 7 9 g5]al m =tunate ?an ^? :o attempt$ to escape by ! doors1 _m ( ! latt] be+ buri$ b5ea? ! ru9s1 ) ! great] "p ( ! foot-pass5g]s4 ,^? :o 7 9 c>riages escap$ ! be/1 al?\gh ! driv]s & horses suff]$ sev]ely4 ,! numb]1 h[ev]1 ( ^? :o p]i%$ 9 ! /reets1 & 9 ! h\ses1 0 greatly inf]ior to t ( ^? :o 7 buri$ b5ea? ! ru9s ( ! *ur*es2 =1 z x 0 a day ( solemn fe/ival1 ^! 7 cr[d$ = ! celebration ( ! mass4 ,!re 7 v _m ( ^! *ur*es2 & ! l(ty /eeples 9 mo/ in/ances1 fell ) ! ro(1 insomu* t few escap$4 ,! fir/ %ock1 z has be5 notic$1 0 extremely %ort1 b 0 quickly succe$$ by two o!rs2 & ! :ole1 g5]ally describ$ z a s+le %ock1 la/$ f five to sev5 m9utes4 ,ab\t two h\rs aft]1 fires broke out 9 ?ree diff]5t p>ts ( ! city2 & ?is new calamity prev5t$ ! digg+ out ( ! imm5se ri*es conceal$ b5ea? ! ru9s4 ,f a p]fect calm1 a fre% gale imm$iately aft] sprang up1 & occasion$ ! fire to rage ) su* fury1 t 9 ! space ( ?ree days ! city 0 ne>ly r$uc$ to a%es4 ,e elem5t seem$ to conspire t[>d its de/ruction2 =1 soon aft] ! %ock1 :i* happ5$ ne> high-wat]1 ! tide rose 9 an in/ant =ty feet1 & at ! ca/le ( ,belem1 :i* def5d$ ! entrance ( ! h>bor1 fifty feet high] ?an _h ev] be5 kn[n4 ,_h x n subsid$ z sudd5ly1 ! :ole city w\ld h be5 subm]g$4 ,a l>ge new quay sunk to an unfa?omable dep?1 ) sev]al hundr$s ( p]sons1 n "o ( ! bodies ( :om 0 aft]w>d f\nd4 ,be=e ! sea ?us came roll+ 9 l a m\nta91 ! b> 0 se5 dry f ! %ore4 ,! t]rors ( ! surviv+ inhabitants 7 great & multipli$4 ,amid ! g5]al confusion1 & ?r\gh a sc>city ( h&s1 ! dead bodies c\ld n be buri$1 & x 0 dread$ t a pe/il5ce w\ld ensue2 b f ?is appreh5sion !y 7 reliev$ by ! fire1 by :i* ^! bodies 7 = ! great] "p consum$4 ,! fe>s ( a fam9e 7 m sub/antial2 s9ce1 dur+ ! ?ree days succe$+ ! e>?quake1 an ounce ( bread 0 lit]ally wor? a p\nd ( gold4 ,sev]al ( ! corn magaz9es hav+ be51 h[ev]1 =tunately sav$ f ! fire1 a scanty supply ( bread 0 aft]w>d procur$4 ,next came ! dread ( ! pillage & murd] ( ^? :o _h sav$ any ( _! effects2 & ?is happ5$ 9 sev]al in/ances1 until examples 7 made ( ! del9qu5ts4 ,! great %ock 0 succe$$ ab\t noon by ano!r1 :5 ! walls ( sev]al h\ses :i* 7 /ill /&+1 7 se5 to op51 f ! top to ! bottom1 m ?an a f\r? ( a y>d1 & aft]w>d to close aga9 s exactly z n to leave any signs ( injury4 ,betwe5 ! fir/ & ! eigh? ( ,novemb] tw5ty-two %ocks 7 reckon$4 ,a boat on ! riv]1 ab\t a mile di/ant f ,lisbon1 0 he>d by ! pass5g]s to make a noise z if x _h run agr\nd1 al?\gh !n 9 deep wat]3 !y at ! same "t saw ! h\ses fall+ on bo? sides ( ! riv]1 9 front ( :i*1 on ! ,lisbon side1 ! great] "p ( a conv5t fell1 bury+ _m ( its inmates b5ea? ! ru9s1 :ile o!rs 7 precipitat$ into ! riv]4 ,! wat] 0 cov]$ ) du/1 bl[n by a /rong nor!rly w9d2 & ! sun entirely obscur$4 ,on l&+1 !y 7 driv5 by ! ov]fl[+ ( ! wat]s to ! high gr\nds1 :5ce !y p]ceiv$ ! sea1 at a mile's di/ance1 ru%+ 9 l a torr5t1 al?\gh aga9/ w9d & tide4 ,! b$ ( ! ,tagus 0 9 _m places rais$ to its surface2 :ile %ips 7 driv5 f _! an*ors1 & jo/l$ toge!r ) su* viol5ce t _! crews did n "k :e!r !y 7 afloat or agr\nd4 ,! ma/] ( a %ip1 :o _h great difficulty 9 rea*+ ! port ( ,lisbon1 report$ t1 be+ fifty leagues at sea1 ! %ock 0 !re s viol5t z to damage ! deck ( ! vessel4 ,he fanci$ he _h mi/ak5 8 reckon+1 & /ruck on a rock4 ,! foll[+ obs]vations1 relative to ?is fatal e>?quake1 7 made at ,col>es1 ab\t tw5ty miles f ,lisbon1 & )9 two miles ( ! sea4 ,on ! la/ day ( ,octob]1 ! wea!r 0 cle>1 & rem>kably w>m = ! season4 ,ab\t f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon a fog arose1 proce$+ f ! sea1 & cov]+ ! valleys1 :i* 0 v unusual at t season ( ! ye>4 ,! w9d %ift$ soon aft] to ! ea/1 & ! fog return$ to ! sea1 collect+ itself1 & becom+ exce$+ly ?ick4 ,z ! fog retir$1 ! sea rose ) a prodigi\s ro>+4 ,on ! fir/ ( ,novemb]1 ! day broke ) a s]5e sky1 ! w9d cont9u+ at ! ea/2 b ab\t n9e o'clock ! sun began to be obscur$2 & ab\t half an h\r aft] a rumbl+ noise 0 he>d1 resembl+ t ( *>iots1 & increas+ to su* a degree1 t at l5g? x became equal to ! explosions ( ! l>ge/ artill]y4 ,imm$iately a %ock ( an e>?quake 0 felt2 & ?is 0 succe$$ by a second & a ?ird1 at ! same "t t sev]al light flames ( fire1 resembl+ ! k9dl+ ( *>coal1 issu$ f ! m\nta9s4 ,dur+ ^! ?ree %ocks1 ! walls ( ! build+s mov$ f ea/ to we/4 ,9 ano!r spot1 :]e ! sea-coa/ c\ld be descri$1 a great quantity ( smoke1 v ?ick1 b some:at pale1 issu$ f ! hill nam$ ! ,fojo4 ,?is increas$ ) ! f\r? %ock1 at noon1 & aft]w>d cont9u$ to issue 9 a great] or less degree4 ,at ! in/ant ! subt]rane\s rumbl+s 7 he>d1 ! smoke 0 obs]v$ to bur/ =? at ! ,fojo2 & its volume 0 con/antly proportion$ to ! noise4 ,on visit+ ! spot :5ce x 0 se5 to arise1 no sign ( fire c\ld be p]ceiv$ ne> x4 ,aft] ! e>?quake1 sev]al f\nta9s 7 dri$ up2 :ile o!rs1 aft] und]go+ great *anges1 return$ to _! pri/9e /ate4 ,9 places :]e !re _h n be5 any wat]1 spr+s bur/ =?1 & cont9u$ to fl[2 sev]al ( ^! sp\t$ to ! hight ( ne>ly tw5ty feet1 & ?rew up s& ( v>i\s colors4 ,on ! hills1 rocks 7 split1 & ! e>? r5t2 :ile t[>d ! coa/ sev]al l>ge portions ( rock 7 ?r[n f ! em95ces into ! sea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>?quake ,,at ,,lisbon4 ,at ,oporto1 ! e>?quake 0 felt ) great viol5ce4 ,! riv] cont9u$ to rise & fall five or six feet1 = f\r h\rs2 ! h\ses ( ! city 7 rock$ z if by convulsions1 & ! e>? 0 se5 to heave up4 ,/4 ,ubes1 tw5ty miles di/ant1 0 entirely swall[$ up by ! repeat$ %ocks1 & by ! va/ surf ( ! sea4 ,& at ,cadiz x 0 s viol5t1 t1 b = ! great solidity ( ! build+s1 ev]y?+ w\ld h be5 de/roy$4 ,^? :o _h quitt$ ! h\ses & *ur*es1 seek+ safety 9 ! op5 air1 _h sc>cely recov]$ f _! fir/ t]ror1 :5 !y 7 plung$ into a new al>m4 ,at t5 m9utes aft] elev5 o'clock1 a wave 0 se5 com+ f ! sea at ! di/ance ( eight miles1 & at lea/ sixty feet high] ?an usual4 ,x da%$ aga9/ ! we/ "p ( ! city1 :i* is v rocky4 ,al?\gh its =ce 0 mu* brok5 by ^! rocks1 x at l5g? rea*$ ! walls1 & beat 9 ! brea/work1 :i* 0 sixty feet above ! ord9>y level ( ! wat]1 remov+ pieces ( ! fabric1 ( ! weight ( eight or t5 tuns1 to ! di/ance ( =ty or fifty y>ds4 ,at half pa/ elev5 came a second wave2 & ?is 0 foll[$ by f\r o!rs ( equal magnitude4 ,o!rs1 b small]1 & gradually less5+1 cont9u$ at unc]ta9 int]vals until ! ev5+4 ,a consid]able "p ( ! ramp>t 0 ?r[n d[n1 & c>ri$ by ! torr5t above fifty paces4 ,sev]al p]sons p]i%$ on ! causeway lead+ to ! isle ( ,lesu4 ,! acc\nts br\ght to ,cadiz report$ t ,seville _h be5 mu* damag$1 & t a simil> fate _h att5d$ ,/4 ,luc> & ,*]es4 ,conel 0 said to h be5 de/roy$2 &1 inde$1 ) ! exception ( ! prov9ces ( ,catalonia1 ,aragon & ,val5cia1 ! effects ( ?is e>?quake 7 felt ?r\gh\t ,spa94 ,at ,madrid ! %ock 0 v s5sibly felt soon aft] t5 9 ! morn+1 & la/$ five or six m9utes4 ,at fir/ ! inhabitants fanci$ !y 7 seiz$ ) a swimm+ 9 ! head2 &1 aft]w>d1 t ! h\ses 7 fall+4 ,9 ! *ur*es ! s5sations 7 ! same1 & ! t]ror s great1 t ! p trod ea* o!r "u foot 9 gett+ out4 ,^? :o 7 )9 ! t[]s 7 /ill m affright$1 fancy+ e in/ant :ile ! %ock la/$1 t !y 7 fall+ to ! gr\nd4 ,x 0 n s5sible to ^? :o 7 9 c>riages1 & v little s to foot-pass5g]s4 ,at ,gibralt> x 0 felt ab\t ! same "t z at ,madrid1 & began ) a tremul\s motion ( ! e>?1 :i* la/$ ab\t half a m9ute4 ,a viol5t %ock succe$$2 & ?is aga9 0 foll[$ by a second tremul\s motion1 ( ! duration ( five or six seconds4 ,ano!r %ock1 n s viol5t z ! fir/1 subsid$ gradually2 & ! :ole la/$ ab\t two m9utes4 ,sev]al ( ! guns on ! batt]ies 7 se5 to rise1 & o!rs to s9k1 :ile ! e>? _h an undulat+ motion4 ,! great] "p ( ! g>rison & inhabitants 7 seiz$ ) gidd9ess & sickness3 sev]al fell pro/rate2 o!rs 7 /upefi$2 & _m :o 7 walk+ or rid+1 became sick1 )\t be+ s5sible ( any motion ( ! e>?4 ,e fifte5 m9utes ! sea rose six feet2 & !n fell s l[1 t ! boats & small vessels ne> ! %ore 7 left agr\nd1 z 7 also numb]s ( small fi%4 ,! flux & reflux la/$ till next morn+1 hav+ decreas$ gradually f two 9 ! aft]noon4 ,9 ,africa1 ?is e>?quake 0 felt almo/ z sev]ely z x _h be5 9 ,europe4 ,a great "p ( ! city ( ,algi]s 0 de/roy$4 ,at ,arzilla1 a t[n belong+ to ! k+dom ( ,fez1 ab\t t5 9 ! morn+1 ! sea sudd5ly rose ) su* impetuosity1 t x lift$ up a vessel 9 ! bay1 & impell$ x ) su* =ce on ! l&1 t x 0 %att]$ 9 pieces2 & a boat 0 f\nd two musket-%ots )9 l& f ! sea4 ,at ,fez & ,mequ9ez1 great numb]s ( h\ses fell d[n1 & a multitude ( p 7 buri$ b5ea? ! ru9s4 ,at ,morocco1 simil> accid5ts occurr$2 & at ,salle also1 mu* damage 0 done4 ,at ,tangi] ! e>?quake began at t5 9 ! morn+1 & la/$ t5 or twelve m9utes4 ,at ,tetuan x comm5c$ at ! same "t1 b 0 ( less duration2 ?ree ( ! %ocks 7 s extremely viol5t1 t x 0 fe>$ ! :ole city w\ld be de/roy$4 ,9 ! city ( ,fun*al1 9 ! isl& ( ,madeira1 a %ock ( ?is e>?quake 0 felt at ?irty-eight m9utes pa/ n9e 9 ! morn+4 ,x 0 prec$$ by a rumbl+ noise 9 ! air1 l t ( empty c>riages pass+ ha/ily ov] a /one pavem5t4 ,! obs]v] felt ! floor b5ea? him imm$iately to be agitat$ by a tremul\s motion1 vibrat+ v quickly4 ,! %ock cont9u$ m ?an a m9ute2 dur+ :i* space ! vibrations1 al?\gh cont9ual1 7 twice v s5sibly weak5$ & increas$ 9 =ce4 ,! increase aft] ! fir/ remission ( ! %ock 0 ! mo/ int5se4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( its cont9uance x 0 accompani$ by a noise 9 ! air2 & ?is la/$ "s seconds aft] ! motion ( ! e>? _h ceas$1 dy+ away l a peal ( di/ant ?und] roll+ ?r\gh ! air4 ,at ?ree-qu>t]s pa/ elev51 ! sea1 :i* 0 q calm1 sudd5ly retir$ sev]al paces2 :5 ris+ ) a great swell1 & )\t any noise1 x z sudd5ly advanc$1 ov]fl[$ ! %ore1 & ent]$ ! city4 ,x rose fifte5 feet p]p5dicul>ly above high-wat] m>k1 al?\gh ! tide1 :i* !re fl[s sev5 feet1 0 at half-ebb4 ,! wat] imm$iately rec$$2 & aft] hav+ fluctuat$ f\r or five times betwe5 high & l[ wat] m>k1 x subsid$1 & ! sea rema9$ calm z be=e4 ,9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! isl& ! inundation 0 m viol5t1 ! sea !re retir+ above a hundr$ paces at fir/1 & sudd5ly return+1 ov]fl[$ ! %ore1 =c+ op5 doors1 break+ d[n ! walls ( sev]al magaz9es & /oreh\ses1 & leav+ great quantities ( fi% a%ore & 9 ! /reets ( ! village ( ,ma*ico4 ,all ?is 0 ! effect ( "o ris+ ( ! sea1 = x nev] aft]w>d fl[$ high en\gh to rea* ! high-wat] m>k4 ,x cont9u$1 h[ev]1 to fluctuate "h mu* long] be=e x subsid$ ?an at ,fun*al2 & 9 "s places fur!r to ! we/w>d1 x 0 h>dly1 if at all1 p]ceptible4 ,^! 7 ! ph5om5a ) :i* ?is rem>kable e>?quake 0 att5d$1 9 ^? places :]e x 0 mo/ viol5t4 ,! effects ( x1 h[ev]1 rea*$ to an imm5se di/ance2 & 7 p]ceiv$ *iefly by ! agitations ( ! wat]s1 or "s slight motion ( ! e>?4 ,its utmo/ b\nd>ies to ! s\? are unkn[n2 ! b>b>\sness ( ! ,african nations r5d]+ x impossible to procure any intellig5ce f !m1 except :]e ! effects 7 dreadful4 ,on ! nor?1 h[ev]1 we are assur$1 t x rea*$ z f> z ,norway & ,sw$54 ,9 ! =m] k+dom1 ! wat]s ( sev]al riv]s & lakes 7 viol5tly agitat$4 ,9 ! latt]1 %ocks 7 felt 9 sev]al prov9ces1 & all ! riv]s & lakes 7 /rongly agitat$1 especially 9 ,dalec>lia4 ,! riv] ,dala sudd5ly ov]fl[$ its banks1 & z sudd5ly retir$4 ,at ! same "t1 a lake at ! di/ance ( a league f x1 & ) :i* x _h no mann] ( communication1 bubbl$ up ) great viol5ce4 ,at ,fahlun1 a t[n 9 ,dalec>lia1 sev]al /rong %ocks 7 felt4 ,9 _m places ( ,g]many ! effects ( ?is e>?quake 7 v p]ceptible2 b 9 ,holl&1 ! agitations 7 /ill m rem>kable4 ,at ,alph5 on ! ,rh9e1 betwe5 ,leyd5 & ,wo]d51 9 ! aft]noon ( ! fir/ ( ,novemb]1 ! wat]s 7 agitat$ to su* a viol5t degree1 t buoys 7 brok5 f _! *a9s1 l>ge vessels snapp$ _! cables1 small ones 7 ?r[n out ( ! wat] ^u ! l&1 & o!rs ly+ on l& 7 set afloat4 ,at ,am/]dam1 ab\t elev5 9 ! =5oon1 ! air be+ p]fectly calm1 ! wat]s 7 sudd5ly agitat$ 9 ! canals1 s t sev]al boats broke loose2 *&eli]s 7 obs]v$ to vibrate 9 ! *ur*es2 b no motion ( ! e>?1 or concussion ( any build+ 0 obs]v$4 ,at ,ha]lem1 9 ! =5oon1 = ne>ly f\r m9utes1 n only ! wat]s 9 ! riv]s1 canals1 c41 b also all k9ds ( fluids 9 small] quantities1 z 9 cool]s1 tubs1 c41 7 surpris+ly agitat$1 & da%$ ov] ! sides1 ?\gh no motion 0 p]ceptible 9 ! vessels !mselves4 ,9 ^! small quantities also ! fluid app>5tly asc5d$ prior to its turbul5t motion2 & 9 _m places1 ev5 ! riv]s & canals rose "o foot p]p5dicul>ly4 ,! agitation ( ! wat]s 0 also p]ceiv$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,at ,b>lbor\gh1 9 ,d]by%ire1 betwe5 elev5 & twelve 9 ! =5oon1 9 a boat-h\se on ! we/ side ( a l>ge body ( wat]1 call$ ,pibley ,dam1 suppos$ to cov] at lea/ ?irty acres ( l&1 0 he>d a surpris+ & t]rible noise2 a l>ge swell ( wat] came 9 a curr5t f ! s\?1 & rose two feet on ! slop$ dam-head at ! nor? end ( ! wat]4 ,x !n subsid$1 b return$ aga9 imm$iately1 ?\gh ) less viol5ce4 ,! wat] 0 ?us agitat$ = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r2 b ! curr5t grew e "t weak] & weak]1 till at la/ x entirely ceas$4 ,at ,busbridge1 9 ,surrey1 at half an h\r aft] t5 9 ! morn+1 ! wea!r be+ rem>kably /ill1 )\t ! lea/ w9d1 9 a canal ne>ly sev5 hundr$ feet long1 & fifty-eight 9 bread?1 ) a small spr+ con/antly runn+ ?r\gh x1 a v unusual noise 0 he>d at ! ea/ end1 & ! wat] !re obs]v$ to be 9 great agitation4 ,x rais$ itself 9 a heap or ridge 9 ! middle2 & ?is heap ext5d$ l5g?wise ab\t ?irty y>ds1 ris+ betwe5 two & ?ree feet above ! usual level4 ,aft] ?is1 ! ridge heel$ or vibrat$ t[>d ! nor? side ( ! canal1 ) great =ce1 & fl[$ above eight feet ov] ! grass walk on t side4 ,on its return back into ! canal1 x aga9 ridg$ 9 ! middle1 & !n heel$ ) yet great] =ce to ! s\? side1 & fl[$ ov] its grass walk4 ,dur+ ?is latt] motion1 ! bottom on ! nor? side 0 left dry = sev]al feet4 ,?is appe>ance la/$ = ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 aft] :i* ! wat] became smoo? & quiet z be=e4 ,dur+ ! :ole "t1 ! s& at ! bottom 0 ?r[n up & mix$ ) ! wat]2 & !re 0 a cont9ual noise l t ( wat] turn+ a mill4 ,at ,cobham1 9 ,surrey1 ,dun/all1 9 ,suffolk1 ,e>sy ,c\rt1 9 ,b]k%ire1 ,eatonbridge1 ,k5t1 & _m o!r places1 ! wat]s 7 v>i\sly agitat$4 ,at ,eyam bridge1 9 ,d]by%ire ,peak1 ! ov]se] ( ! lead m9es1 sitt+ 9 8 writ+-room1 ab\t elev5 o'clock1 felt a sudd5 %ock1 :i* v s5sibly rais$ him up 9 8 *air1 & caus$ sev]al pieces ( pla/] to drop f ! sides ( ! room4 ,! ro( 0 s viol5tly %ak51 t he imag9$ ! eng9e-%aft _h be5 fall+ 94 ,^u ?is he imm$iately ran to see :at 0 ! matt]1 b f\nd ev]y?+ 9 p]fect safety4 ,at ?is "t two m9]s 7 employ$ 9 c>t+1 or draw+ along ! drifts ( ! m9es1 ! ore & o!r mat]ials to be rais$ up at ! %afts4 ,! drift 9 :i* !y 7 work+ 0 ab\t a hundr$ & tw5ty y>ds deep1 & ! space f "o end to ! o!r fifty y>ds or upw>d4 ,! m9] at ! end ( ! drift _h j load$ 8 c>t1 & 0 draw+ x along2 b he 0 sudd5ly surpris$ by a %ock1 :i* s t]rifi$ him1 t he imm$iately quitt$ 8 employm5t1 & ran to ! we/ end ( ! drift to 8 p>tn]1 :o 0 no less t]rifi$ ?an himself4 ,!y dur/ n attempt to climb ! %aft1 le/ t %\ld be runn+ 9 ^u !m3 b :ile !y 7 consult+ :at means !y %\ld take = _! safety1 !y 7 surpris$ by a second %ock1 m viol5t ?an ! fir/2 :i* fright5$ !m s mu*1 t !y bo? ran precipitately to ! o!r end ( ! drift4 ,!y !n w5t d[n to ano!r m9]1 :o work$ ab\t twelve y>ds bel[ !m4 ,he told !m t ! viol5ce ( ! second %ock _h be5 s great1 t x caus$ ! rocks to gr9d ^u "o ano!r4 ,8 acc\nt 0 int]rupt$ by a ?ird %ock1 :i*1 aft] an int]val ( f\r or five m9utes1 0 succe$$ by a f\r?1 &1 ab\t ! same space ( "t aft]1 by a fif?2 none ( :i* 7 s viol5t z ! second4 ,!y he>d1 aft] e %ock1 a l\d rumbl+ 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 :i* cont9u$ ab\t half a m9ute1 gradually desc5d+1 or seem+ to remove to a great] di/ance4 ,at ,%ireburn ,ca/le1 ,ox=d%ire1 a little aft] t5 9 ! morn+1 a v /range motion 0 obs]v$ 9 ! wat] ( a moat :i* encompass$ ! build+4 ,!re 0 a pretty ?ick fog1 n a brea? ( air1 & ! surface ( ! wat] all ov] ! moat 0 smoo? z a look+-glass1 except at "o corn]1 :]e x fl[$ into ! %ore1 & retir$ aga9 successively1 9 a surpris+ mann]4 ,h[ x began to move is unc]ta91 z x 0 n !n obs]v$4 ,! flux & reflux1 :5 se5 7 q regul>4 ,e flood began g5tly1 its velocity increas+ by degrees1 until at l5g? x ru%$ 9 ) great impetuosity1 till x _h atta9$ its full hight4 ,hav+ rema9$ = a little "t /ation>y1 x !n retir$1 ebb+ g5tly at fir/1 b aft]w>d s9k+ away ) great swiftness4 ,at e flux ! :ole body ( wat] seem$ to be viol5tly ?r[n aga9/ ! bank2 b nei!r dur+ ! "t ( ! flux1 nor t ( ! reflux1 did !re appe> ev5 ! lea/ wr9kle ( a wave on ! o!r p>ts ( ! moat4 ,"l ,p>k]1 :o _h obs]v$ ?is motion1 be+ desir\s to "k :e!r x 0 univ]sal ov] ! moat1 s5t a p]son to ! o!r corn] ( x1 at ! same "t t he himself /ood ab\t tw5ty-five y>ds f him to exam9e :e!r ! wat] mov$ !re or n4 ,he c\ld n p]ceive any motion !re2 b ano!r p]son1 :o w5t to ! nor?-ea/ corn] ( ! moat1 diagonally opposite to 8 lord%ip1 f\nd x z consid]able !re z :]e he 04 ,8 lord%ip imag9+1 t 9 all probability ! wat] at ! corn] diagonally opposite to :]e he 0 w\ld s9k z t by him rose1 ord]$ ! p]son to signify by call+ out1 :5 ! wat] by him began to s9k1 & :5 to rise4 ,?is he did2 b to 8 lord%ip's great surprise1 imm$iately aft] ! wat] began to rise at 8 own end1 he he>d ! voice call+ t x began to rise ) him also2 & 9 ! same mann] he he>d t x 0 s9k+ at t end1 soon aft] he p]ceiv$ x to s9k by himself4 ,a pond j bel[ 0 agitat$ 9 a simil> mann]2 b ! ris+s & s9k+s happ5$ at diff]5t times f ^? at ! pond :]e ,"l ,p>k] /ood4 ,at ,:ite ,rock1 9 ,glamorgan%ire1 ab\t two h\rs' ebb ( tide1 & ne> a qu>t] to sev5 9 ! ev5+1 a va/ quantity ( wat] ru%$ up ) a great noise1 float$ two l>ge vessels1 ! lea/ ( !m above two hundr$ tuns' burd51 broke _! moor+s1 drove !m across ! riv]1 & ne>ly ov]set !m4 ,! :ole rise & fall ( ?is extraord9>y body ( wat] did n la/ above t5 m9utes1 nor 0 x felt 9 any o!r "p ( ! riv]1 s t x seem$ to h gu%$ out ( ! e>? at t place4 ,simil> in/ances occurr$ at ,lo* ,lomond & ,lo* ,ness1 9 ,scotl&4 ,at ,k9sale1 9 ,irel&1 & all along ! coa/ to ! we/w>d1 _m simil> ph5om5a 7 obs]v$4 ,%ocks 7 also p]ceiv$ 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,france1 z at ,bayonne1 ,b\rdeaux & ,lyons2 & commotions ( ! wat]s 7 obs]v$ at ,ang\lesme1 ,belleville1 ,havre de ,grace1 c41 b n att5d$ ) ! rem>kable circum/ances above m5tion$4 ,^! are ! mo/ /rik+ ph5om5a ) :i* ! e>?quake ( ! fir/ ( ,novemb]1 #agee1 0 att5d$ on ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,^? :i* happ5$ bel[ gr\nd c n be kn[n b by ! *anges obs]v$ 9 spr+s1 c41 :i* 7 9 _m places v rem>kable4 ,at ,tangi]1 all ! f\nta9s 7 dri$ up1 s t !re 0 no wat] to be _h till night4 ,a v rem>kable *ange 0 obs]v$ 9 ! m$ic9al wat]s ( ,toplitz1 a village 9 ,bohemia1 fam\s = its ba?s4 ,^! wat]s 7 discov]$ 9 ! ye> #gfb2 f :i* "t ! pr9cipal spr+ _h con/antly ?r[n out hot wat] 9 ! same quantity1 & ( ! same quality4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! e>?quake1 betwe5 elev5 & twelve1 9 ! =5oon1 ?is pr9cipal spr+ ca/ =? su* a quantity ( wat]1 t 9 ! space ( half an h\r all ! ba?s ran ov]4 ,ab\t half an h\r be=e ?is great increase ( ! wat]1 ! spr+ fl[$ turbid & muddy2 !n1 hav+ /opp$ entirely = a m9ute1 x broke =? aga9 ) prodigi\s viol5ce1 driv+ be=e x a consid]able quantity ( r$di% o*]4 ,aft] ?is1 x became cle>1 & fl[$ z pure z be=e4 ,x /ill cont9u$ to d s1 b ! wat] 0 9 great] quantity1 & hott]1 ?an be=e ! e>?quake4 ,at ,ang\lesme1 9 ,france1 a subt]rane\s noise1 resembl+ ?und]1 0 he>d2 & pres5tly aft]1 ! e>? op5$1 & dis*>g$ a torr5t ( wat]1 mix$ ) r$ s&4 ,mo/ ( ! spr+s 9 ! neighborhood sunk 9 su* a mann]1 t = "s "t !y 7 ?\ght to be q dry4 ,9 ,brita91 no consid]able alt]ation 0 obs]v$ 9 ! e>?1 except t1 ne> ! lead m9e above-m5tion$1 9 ,d]by%ire1 a cleft 0 obs]v$ ab\t a foot deep1 six in*es wide1 & "o hundr$ & fifty y>ds 9 l5g?4 ,at sea ! %ocks ( ?is e>?quake 7 felt mo/ viol5tly4 ,(f ,/4 ,luc>1 ! capta9 ( ! ,nancy frigate felt 8 %ip s viol5tly %ak51 t he ?\ght %e _h /ruck ! gr\nd2 b1 heav+ ! lead1 he f\nd %e 0 9 a great dep? ( wat]4 ,capta9 ,cl>k1 f ,d5ia1 9 nor? latitude ?irty-six degrees1 tw5ty-f\r m9utes1 betwe5 n9e & t5 9 ! morn+1 _h 8 %ip %ak5 & /ra9$ z if %e _h /ruck ^u a rock1 s t ! seams ( ! deck op5$1 & ! compass 0 ov]turn$ 9 ! b9nacle4 ,?o ma/] ( a vessel b\nd to ! ,am]ican isl&s1 be+ 9 nor? latitude tw5ty-five degrees1 we/ longitude =ty degrees1 & writ+ 9 8 cab91 he>d a viol5t noise z he imag9$1 9 ! /e]age2 & :ile he 0 ask+ :at ! matt] 01 ! %ip 0 put into a /range agitation1 & seem$ z if %e _h be5 sudd5ly j]k$ up1 & susp5d$ by a rope fa/5$ to ! ma/-head4 ,he imm$iately />t$ up ) great t]ror & a/oni%m5t1 & look+ out at ! cab9-w9d[1 saw l&1 z he took x to be1 at ! di/ance ( ab\t a mile4 ,com+ ^u ! deck1 ! l& 0 no m to be se51 b he p]ceiv$ a viol5t curr5t cross ! %ip's way to ! leew>d4 ,9 ab\t a m9ute1 ?is curr5t return$ ) great impetuosity2 & at a league's di/ance1 he saw ?ree craggy-po9t$ rocks ?r[+ up wat]s ( v>i\s colors1 resembl+ fire4 ,?is ph5om5on1 9 ab\t two m9utes1 end$ 9 a black cl\d1 :i* asc5d$ v heavily4 ,aft] x _h ris5 above ! horizon1 no rocks 7 to be se52 ?\gh ! cl\d1 /ill asc5d+1 0 long visible1 ! wea!r be+ extremely cle>4 ,betwe5 n9e & t5 9 ! morn+1 ano!r %ip1 =ty leagues we/ ( ,/4 ,v9c5t1 0 s /rongly agitat$1 t ! an*ors1 :i* 7 la%$1 b\nc$ up1 & ! m5 7 ?r[n a foot & a half p]p5dicul>ly up f ! deck4 ,imm$iately aft] ?is1 ! %ip sunk 9 ! wat] z l[ z ! ma9-*a9s4 ,! lead %[$ a great dep? ( wat]1 & ! l9e 0 t+$ ( a yell[ color1 & smelt ( sulphur4 ,! %ock la/$ ab\t t5 m9utes2 b !y felt small] ones = ! space ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,,e>?quakes ,,9 ,,sicily1 ,,& ,,9 ,,! ,,two ,,calabrias4 ,^! e>?quakes began on ! fif? ( ,febru>y1 #aghc1 & cont9u$ until ! latt] end ( ! ,may foll[+1 do+ inf9ite damage1 & exhibit+ at ,mess9a1 9 ! p>ts ( ,sicily ne>e/ to ! cont95t1 & 9 ! two ,calabrias1 a v>iety ( ph5om5a4 ,! "p ( ! ,calabrian prov9ces mo/ affect$ by ?is heavy calamity1 lies betwe5 ! ?irty-eigh? & ?irty-n9? degrees ( latitude1 be+ ! extreme po9t ( ! cont95t2 & ! greate/ =ce ( ! e>?quakes 0 ex]t$ at ! foot ( ! p>ticul> m\nta9s ( ! ,ap5n9es1 nam$ ,monte ,deio1 ,monte ,sacro & ,monte ,caulone1 ext5d+ we/w>d to ! ,tyrrh5e sea4 ,! t[ns1 villages & f>m-h\ses1 ne>e/ to ^! m\nta9s1 :e!r situat$ on ! hills1 or 9 ! pla9s1 7 totally ru9$ by ! fir/ %ock1 :i* happ5$ ab\t noon2 & !re ! de/ruction ( lives 0 ! greate/4 ,! t[ns /ill m remote1 71 h[ev]1 greatly damag$ by ! subsequ5t %ocks1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! sev5?1 tw5ty-six? & tw5ty-eigh? ( ,febru>y1 & t ( ! fir/ ( ,m>*4 ,! e>? 0 9 a con/ant tremor1 & its motions 7 v>i\s1 be+ ei!r vortical1 horizontal or oscillatory1 t is1 by pulsations or beat+s1 f ! bottom upw>d4 ,?is v>iety increas$ ! appreh5sions ( ! un=tunate inhabitants1 :o mom5t>ily expect$ t ! e>? w\ld op5 b5ea? _! feet1 & swall[ !m up4 ,! ra9s _h be5 cont9ual & viol5t1 (t5 accompani$ by lightn+ & furi\s gu/s ( w9d4 ,!re 7 _m op5+s & cracks 9 ! e>?2 & sev]al hills _h be5 l[]$1 :ile o!rs 7 q level4 ,9 ! pla9s1 ! *asms 7 s deep1 t _m roads 7 r5d]$ impassable4 ,huge m\nta9s 7 sev]$1 & portions ( !m driv5 into ! valleys1 :i* 7 ?us fill$ up4 ,! c\rse ( sev]al riv]s 0 *ang$2 & _m spr+s ( wat] appe>$ 9 localities :i* _h be=e be5 p]fectly dry4 ,f ! city ( ,amantea1 situat$ on ! coa/ ( ! ,tyrrh5e sea1 9 l[] ,calabria1 proce$+ along ! we/]n coa/ to ,cape ,sp>tiv5to1 9 upp] ,calabria1 & !nce along ! ea/]n coa/ to ,cape ,alice1 a "p ( l[] ,calabria1 on ! ,ionian sea1 ! t[ns & villages1 am\nt+ to ne>ly f\r hundr$1 :e!r on ! coa/ or inl&1 7 ei!r totally de/roy$1 or suff]$ greatly4 ,at ,casal ,nuovo1 ! ,pr9cess ,g]ace1 & upw>d ( f\r ?\s& ( ! inhabitants1 lo/ _! lives4 ,at ,bagn>a1 ! numb] ( dead am\nt$ to upw>d ( ?ree ?\s&2 & ,radic9a & ,palmi exp]i5c$ a simil> loss4 ,! total am\nt ( ! mortality occasion$ by ^! e>?quakes1 9 ,sicily & ! two ,calabrias1 01 agreeably to ! (ficial returns1 ?irty-two ?\s&1 ?ree hundr$ & sixty-sev52 b ,sir ,william ,hamilton ?\ght x /ill great]1 & c>ries 8 e/imate to =ty ?\s&1 includ+ =eign]s4 ,on ! fir/ %ock ( ! e>?quake1 on ! fif? ( ,febru>y1 ! inhabitants ( ,scylla escap$ f _! h\ses1 built on ! rock1 &1 foll[+ ! example ( _! pr9ce1 took %elt] on ! sea-%ore4 ,by ?is %ock ! sea _h be5 rais$ & agitat$ s viol5tly1 t mu* damage _h be5 done on ! po9t ( ! ,f>o ( ,mess9a2 b "h x act$ ) /ill great] viol5ce1 =1 dur+ ! night1 an imm5se wave1 :i* 0 falsely repres5t$ to h be5 boil+ hot1 & to h scald$ _m p]sons on its ris+ to a great hight1 fl[$ furi\sly ?ree miles inl&1 & swept (f 9 its return two ?\s&1 f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree ( ! inhabitants1 ) ! pr9ce at _! head1 :o 7 ei!r at t "t on ! /r&1 or 9 boats ne> ! %ore4 ,! %ocks felt s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ^! =midable e>?quakes1 am\nt$ to sev]al hundr$s2 & among ! mo/ viol5t may be reckon$ ! "o :i* happ5$ on ! tw5ty-eigh? ( ,m>*4 ,x affect$ mo/ ( ! high] "p ( upp] ,calabria1 & ! inf]ior "p ( l[] ,calabria1 be+ equally trem5d\s ) ! fir/4 ,inde$1 ^! %ocks 7 ! only ones s5sibly felt 9 ,naples4 ,) relation to ! =m]1 two s+ul> ph5om5a are record$4 ,at ! di/ance ( ab\t ?ree miles f ! ru9$ city ( ,oppido1 9 upp] ,calabria1 0 a hill1 hav+ a s&y & clayey soil1 ne>ly f\r hundr$ feet 9 hight1 & ne>ly n9e hundr$ feet 9 circumf]5ce at its basis4 ,?is hill is said to h be5 c>ri$ to ! di/ance ( ab\t f\r miles f ! spot :]e x /ood1 into a pla9 call$ ,campo di ,bassano4 ,at ! same "t1 ! hill on :i* ! city ( ,oppido /ood1 & :i* ext5d$ ab\t ?ree miles1 divid$ into two p>ts3 be+ situat$ betwe5 two riv]s1 its ru9s fill$ up ! valley1 & /opp$ _! c\rse1 =m+ two l>ge lakes1 :i* augm5t$ daily4 ,! acc\nts f ,sicily 7 ( a mo/ al>m+ nature4 ,! greate/ "p ( ! f9e city ( ,mess9a 0 de/roy$ by ! %ock ( ! fif? ( ,febru>y1 & :at rema9$ 0 greatly injur$ by ! subsequ5t %ocks4 ,! quay 9 ! port _h sunk consid]ably1 & 0 9 "s places m ?an a foot b5ea? ! wat]4 ,t sup]b build+1 ! palazzata1 :i* gave ! port a m magnific5t appe>ance ?an any o!r 9 ,europe c\ld boa/1 0 entirely ?r[n d[n2 & ! laz>etto greatly damag$4 ,! citadel suff]$ little2 b ! ca!dral 0 de/roy$1 & ! t[] at ! po9t ( ! entrance ( ! h>bor mu* damag$4 ,! wave :i* _h done s mu* mis*ief at ,scylla1 _h pass$ ov] ! po9t ( l& at ! ,f>o1 & swept away tw5ty-f\r p]sons4 ,! acc\nts f ,melazzo1 ,patti1 ,t]ra di ,santa ,lucia1 ,ca/ro ,reale1 & f ! isl& ( ,lip>i1 7 v di/ress+1 b ! damage done !re by ! e>?quakes n s consid]able z at ,mess9a4 ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 f ! limit$ b\nd>ies ( ^! e>?quakes1 0 p]suad$ t !y 7 caus$ by "s great op]ation ( nature1 ( a volcanic k9d4 ,to asc]ta9 ?is1 he began 8 t\r by visit+ ! p>ts ( ! coa/s ( ! two ,calabrias :i* _h suff]$ mo/ f ?is sev]e visitation4 ,he ev]y:]e came to ru9$ t[ns & h\ses1 ! inhabitants ( :i* 7 9 %$s1 _m ( !m built on su* insalubri\s spots1 t an epidemic _h ensu$4 ,^! un=tunate p agre$ t e %ock !y _h felt1 seem$ to come ) a rumbl+ noise f ! we/w>d1 beg9n+ usually ) ! horizontal motion1 & end+ ) ! vortical 7or :irl+7 motion1 :i* la/ _h ru9$ mo/ ( ! build+s4 ,x _h also be5 g5]ally obs]v$1 t1 be=e a %ock1 ! cl\ds seem$ to be fix$ & motionless2 & t1 aft] a heavy %[] ( ra91 a %ock quickly foll[$4 ,by ! viol5ce ( "s ( ! %ocks1 _m p]sons _h be5 ?r[n d[n2 & sev]al ( ! peasants describ$ ! motion ( ! e>? z s viol5t1 t ! tops ( ! l>ge/ trees almo/ t\*$ ! gr\nd f side to side4 ,dur+ a %ock1 ! ox5 & horses1 !y said1 kept _! legs wide asund]1 to prev5t be+ ?r[n d[n1 & gave evid5t signs ( be+ s5sible ( ! approa* ( ea* %ock4 ,be+ ?us w>n$1 ! neigh+ ( a horse1 ! bray+ ( an ass1 or ! cackl+ ( a goose1 drove !m f _! tempor>y huts4 ,f ,monteleone1 ,sir ,william desc5d$ into ! pla91 & pass$ _m t[ns & villages 9 a ru9$ /ate3 ! city ( ,mileto1 ly+ 9 a bottom1 0 totally de/roy$1 )\t a h\se /&+4 ,among ! _m examples af=d$ by ^! e>?quakes1 ( animals be+ able to live a long "t )\t food1 0 t ( two hogs1 :i* _h rema9$ buri$ "u a heap ( ru9s at ,soriano = =ty-two days1 & 7 dug out alive4 ,he _h frequ5t opportunities = obs]v+ t ! habitations situat$ on high gr\nds1 hav+ a soil ( a gritty s&/one1 some:at l granite1 b )\t its consi/5ce1 suff]$ less ?an ^? 9 ! pla91 ! soil ( :i* is a s&y clay4 ,! latt] 7 univ]sally level$ ) ! gr\nd4 ,dur+ ! fir/ %ock1 he 0 told1 a f\nta9 ( wat]1 mix$ ) s&1 _h be5 =c$ to a consid]able hight3 prior to ?is ph5om5on1 ! riv] 0 dry1 b x soon return$ & ov]fl[$ its banks4 ,! o!r riv]s 9 ! pla9 und]w5t ! l vicissitudes2 to acc\nt = :i*1 ,sir ,william supposes ! fir/ impulsion ( ! e>?quake to h come f ! bottom upw>d2 & t su* 0 ! fact1 ! inhabitants atte/$4 ,! surface ( ! pla9 hav+ sudd5ly ris51 ! riv]s1 :i* are n deep1 w\ld naturally disappe>2 & ! pla9 seek+ ) viol5ce its =m] level1 ! riv]s w\ld necess>ily return & ov]fl[1 at ! same "t t ! sudd5 depression ( ! boggy gr\nds w\ld z naturally =ce out ! wat] :i* lay hidd5 b5ea? ! surface4 ,x _h be5 /at$1 9 ! reports made to ! gov]nm5t1 t two t5em5ts1 nam$ ,mac9i & ,vaticano1 _h1 by ! effect ( ! e>?quake1 *ang$ _! situation4 ,9 ?is fact ,sir ,william agrees1 & he acc\nts = x 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,!y 7 situat$ 9 a valley surr\nd$ by high gr\nds1 & ! surface ( ! e>? :i* _h be5 remov$1 _h probably be5 long und]m9$ by ! little rivulets :i* fl[ f ! m\nta9s1 & :i* 7 9 full view on ! b>e spot ! t5em5ts _h des]t$4 ,he conjectures besides1 t1 ! e>?quake hav+ op5$ "s depositions ( ra9-wat] 9 ! clayey hills :i* surr\nd$ ! valley1 ! wat]1 mix+ ) ! loose soil1 & tak+ its c\rse sudd5ly ?r\gh ! und]m9$ surface1 _h lift$ x up1 toge!r ) ! l>ge olive & mulb]ry trees1 & a ?at*$ cottage1 float+ ! entire piece ( gr\nd1 ) all its vegetation1 ab\t a mile d[n ! valley1 :]e he saw x1 ) mo/ ( ! trees erect4 ,^! two t5em5ts occupi$ a space ( gr\nd ab\t a mile 9 l5g?1 & half a mile 9 bread?4 ,!re 7 9 ! vic9ity sev]al deep cracks 9 ! e>?1 n "o ( :i* 0 !n m ?an a foot 9 bread?2 b ,sir ,william 0 cr$ibly assur$1 t1 dur+ ! e>?quake1 "o _h op5$ wide1 & _h swall[$ up an ox & ne>ly a hundr$ goats4 ,9 ?is valley he saw holl[s1 9 ! =m ( inv]t$ cones1 f :i* wat] & s& _h be5 eject$ viol5tly at ! "t ( ! e>?quakes1 simil> to ^? :i* _h be5 po9t$ out to him at ,ros>no4 ,z well at ! latt] place1 z 9 e ru9$ t[n he visit$1 an int]e/+ rem>k 0 made to him1 namely1 t ! male dead 7 g5]ally f\nd "u ! ru9s1 9 ! attitude ( /ruggl+ aga9/ ! dang]2 b t ! attitude ( ! females 0 usually ) ! h&s clasp$ ov] ! head1 z if giv+ !mselves up to despair1 unless !y _h *ildr5 ne> !m3 9 ?is case !y 7 always f\nd clasp+ !m 9 _! arms1 or 9 "s attitude :i* indicat$ _! anxi\s c>e to protect !m4 ,h[ /rik+ an in/ance ( mat]nal t5d]ness6 ,sir ,william travel$ f\r days 9 ! pla91 9 ! mid/ ( indescribable mis]y4 ,su* 0 ! =ce ( ! fir/ %ock1 on ! fif? ( ,febru>y1 t ! inhabitants ( ! t[ns 7 buri$ 9 an in/ant b5ea? ! ru9s ( _! h\ses4 ,( ! population ( ! t[n ( ,poli/5e1 :i* 0 badly situat$ betwe5 two riv]s1 wont to ov]fl[ _! banks1 tw5ty-"o hundr$ individuals p]i%$ out ( six ?\s&4 ,x 0 built ne> a rav9e ( great dep?2 &1 by ! viol5t motion ( ! e>?1 two huge portions ( ! gr\nd on :i* a consid]able "p ( ! t[n1 consi/+ ( sev]al hundr$s ( h\ses1 /ood1 7 deta*$ into ! rav9e1 & ne>ly across x1 to ! di/ance ( ab\t half a mile f _! orig9al position4 ,:at 0 mo/ extraord9>y1 _m ( ! inhabitants ( ^! h\ses1 :o _h tak5 ?is s+ul> leap 9 !m1 7 dug out alive1 & sev]al unhurt4 ,t]ra ,nuova lo/ ?ree-f\r?s ( a population ( sixte5 hundr$ inhabitants2 & ne> to ?is t[n & to ! rav9e1 _m acres ( l& cov]$ ) trees & corn-fields _h be5 deta*$ & ?r[n into ! latt]1 (t5 )\t hav+ be5 ov]turn$1 insomu* t ! trees & crops 7 gr[+ z well z if !y _h be5 plant$ !re4 ,o!r su* pieces ( gr\nd 7 ly+ 9 ! bottom1 9 an incl9$ situation2 & o!rs1 aga91 7 q ov]turn$4 ,two imm5se portions ( l&1 hav+ be5 deta*$ opposite to ea* o!r1 fill$ ! valley1 & /opp$ ! c\rse ( ! riv]1 ! wat]s ( :i* =m$ a great lake4 ,hav+ walk$ ov] ! ru9s ( ,oppido1 ,sir ,william desc5d$ into ! rav9e1 :i* he c>efully exam9$4 ,"h he saw ! wond]ful =ce ( ! e>?quake1 :i* _h produc$ exactly ! same effects z 9 ! rav9e ( ,t]ra ,nuova1 b on a scale inf9itely great]4 ,! enorm\s masses ( ! pla91 deta*$ f ea* side ( ! rav9e1 lay 9 confus$ heaps1 =m+ real m\nta9s2 &1 hav+ /opp$ ! c\rse ( two riv]s1 great lakes 7 =m$4 ,he occasionally met ) a deta*$ piece ( ! surface ( ! pla91 _m acres 9 ext5t1 ) ! l>ge oaks & olive-trees1 hav+ lup9es & corn b5ea? !m1 gr[+ z well1 & 9 z good ord] at ! bottom ( ! rav9e1 z _! companions f :i* !y _h be5 sep>at$1 7 9 ! pla91 at lea/ five hundr$ feet high]1 & at ! di/ance ( ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile4 ,entire v9ey>ds1 :i* _h tak5 a simil> j\rney1 7 9 ! same ord] 9 ! bottom4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ! rav9e 0 a m\nta91 compos$ ( a clayey soil1 :i* 0 probably a portion ( ! pla91 deta*$ by an e>?quake at "s =m] p]iod3 x 0 9 hight ab\t two hundr$ & fifty feet1 & ab\t f\r hundr$ feet 9 diamet] at its basis4 ,x 0 well atte/$1 ,sir ,william obs]ves1 t ?is m\nta9 travel$ d[n ! rav9e ne>ly f\r miles1 hav+ be5 put 9 motion by ! fir/ %ock4 ,! abundance ( ra9 :i* fell at t "t2 ! great weight ( ! newly deta*$ pieces ( ! pla91 :i* 7 heap$ up at its back2 ! nature ( its soil2 & p>ticul>ly its situation on a declivity3 ^!1 9 8 op9ion1 satisfactorily acc\nt = ?is ph5om5on4 ,! ,pr9ce ( ,c>iati %[$ him two girls1 "o ( ! age ( ab\t sixte5 ye>s1 :o _h rema9$ elev5 days )\t food "u ! ru9s ( a h\se 9 ,oppido2 & ! o!r1 ab\t elev5 ye>s ( age1 :o _h be5 "u ! same circum/ances six days1 b 9 a v conf9$ & di/ress+ po/ure4 ,sir ,william describes ! port ( ,mess9a1 & ! t[n1 9 _! half-ru9$ /ate1 :5 view$ by moonlight1 z /rik+ly picturesque4 ,on l&+1 he 0 assur$ by sev]al fi%]m51 t1 dur+ ! e>?quake ( ! fif? ( ,febru>y1 at night ! s& ne> ! sea 0 hot1 & t 9 _m p>ts !y saw fire issue f ! e>?4 ,?is _h be5 (t5 repeat$ to him 9 ! ,calabrian pla92 & ! idea he ent]ta9$ 01 t ! exhalations :i* issu$ dur+ ! viol5t commotions ( ! e>?1 7 full ( electric fire1 j z ! smoke ( volcanoes is con/antly obs]v$ to be dur+ viol5t eruptions2 = he did n1 dur+ any "p ( 8 t\r1 p]ceive an indication ( volcanic matt] hav+ issu$ f ! fissures ( ! e>?4 ,he 01 !re=e1 conv9c$ t ! :ole damage _h be5 done by exhalations & vapors only4 ,9 ?is city1 :]e !y _h s long an exp]i5ce ( e>?quakes1 he 0 told1 t all animals & birds are1 9 a great] or less degree1 m s5sible ( an approa*+ %ock ( an e>?quake ?an any human be+2 b t geese1 above all1 7 ! soone/ & ! mo/ al>m$ at ! approa* ( a %ock3 if 9 ! wat]1 !y quit x imm$iately1 & !y c n be driv5 into x = "s "t aft]4 ,! =ce ( ! e>?quakes1 al?\gh v viol5t at ,mess9a1 & at ,reggio1 on ! opposite side ( ! /rait1 0 n to be comp>$ to t :i* 0 felt 9 ! pla94 ,9 ! =m] city ! mortality did n exce$ sev5 hundr$1 ( a population ( ?irty ?\s&4 ,a curi\s circum/ance happ5$ !re also1 to prove t animals c su/a9 life = a long "t )\t food4 ,two mules belong+ to ! ,duke ( ,belviso1 rema9$ "u a heap ( ru9s1 ! "o tw5ty-two1 & ! o!r tw5ty-?ree days3 = "s days aft] !y refus$ _! food1 b drank pl5tifully1 & f9ally recov]$4 ,!re 7 numb]less in/ances ( dogs rema9+ _m days 9 ! same situation2 & a h51 belong+ to ! ,briti% vice-consul1 hav+ be5 closely %ut up b5ea? ! ru9s ( 8 h\se1 0 tak5 out on ! tw5ty-second day1 & recov]$1 al?\gh at fir/ x %[$ b little signs ( life3 l ! mules1 x did n eat = "s days1 b drank freely4 ,f ^! in/ances1 & f ^? above relat$1 ( ! girls at ,oppido1 & ! hogs at ,soriano1 z well z f sev]al o!rs ( ! same k9d1 x may be conclud$1 t long fa/+ is always att5d$ ) great ?ir/1 & a total loss ( appetite4 ,a circum/ance wor? record+1 & :i* 0 obs]v$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole coa/ ( ! "p ( ! ,calabrian prov9ces :i* _h be5 mo/ affect$ by ! e>?quakes1 01 t a description ( small fi%es1 nam$ cicirelli1 resembl+ :at 9 ,engl& are call$ :ite-bait1 b l>g]1 & :i* usually lie at ! bottom ( ! sea1 buri$ 9 ! s&1 71 f ! comm5cem5t ( ^! e>?quakes1 & = a consid]able "t aft]1 tak5 ne> ! surface1 & 9 su* abundance z to become ! common food ( ! poor] sort ( p2 :]eas1 be=e ^! ev5ts1 !y 7 r>e1 & reckon$ among ! greate/ delicacies4 ,fi%es 9 g5]al hav+ be5 tak51 :]ev] ! effects ( ! %ocks _h rea*$1 9 mu* great] abundance1 & ) great] facility ?an be=e1 ,sir ,william conjectures1 ei!r t ! bottom ( ! sea may h be5 heat$ by ! volcanic fire b5ea? x1 or t ! cont9ual tremor ( ! e>? _h driv5 ! fi%es out ( _! /rongholds1 9 ! same way z an angl]1 :5 he wants a bait1 obliges ! worms to come out ( a turf on ! riv]-side1 by trampl+ on x ) 8 feet1 :i* motion nev] fails ( its effect4 ,! comm&ant ( ! citadel ( ,mess9a1 assur$ him1 t on ! fatal fif? ( ,febru>y1 & ! ?ree foll[+ days1 ! sea1 at ! di/ance ( ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile f t =tress1 rose & boil$ 9 a mo/ extraord9>y mann]1 & ) a horrid & al>m+ noise1 :ile ! wat] 9 ! o!r p>ts ( ! ,f>o 0 p]fectly calm4 ,?is appe>$ to him to po9t out exhalations or eruptions f cracks at ! bottom ( ! sea1 :i* 7 probably made dur+ ! viol5ce ( ! e>?quakes2 & to ^! ph5om5a he ascribes a volcanic orig94 ,he ?us attempts to expla9 ! nature ( ! =midable wave :i* 0 repres5t$ z boil+ hot1 & :i*1 z has be5 already notic$1 0 s fatal to ! inhabitants ( ,scylla4 ,sir ,william concludes by rem>k+1 t ! local e>?quakes "h describ$1 appe> to h be5 caus$ by ! same k9d ( matt] z t :i* gave bir? to ! olian or ,lip>i isles4 ,he conjectures t an op5+ may h be5 made at ! bottom ( ! sea1 mo/ probably betwe5 ,/romboli & upp] ,calabria2 = f t qu>t]1 x 0 agre$ by all1 ! subt]rane\s noises seem$ to proce$4 ,he adds1 t ! f\ndation ( a new isl&1 or volcano1 may h be5 laid1 al?\gh x may be ages1 :i* to nature are b mom5ts1 be=e x %all be complet$1 & appe> above ! surface ( ! sea4 ,nature is ev] active2 b h] acts are 9 g5]al c>ri$ on s v sl[ly1 z sc>cely to be p]ceptible to ! mortal view1 or record$ 9 ! v %ort space ( :at we call hi/ory1 let x be ev] s anci5t4 ,x is probable1 also1 he obs]ves1 t ! :ole ( ! de/ruction he has describ$1 may h simply proce$$ f ! exhalations ( conf9$ vapors1 g5]at$ by ! f]m5tation ( su* m9]als z produce volcanoes1 :i* w\ld escape :]e !y met ) ! lea/ resi/ance1 & w\ld consequ5tly affect ! pla9 9 a great] degree ?an ! high & m solid gr\nds by :i* x is surr\nd$4 ,c\nt ,francesco ,ippolito1 9 speak+ ( ! la/ great %ock ( ! tw5ty-eigh? ( ,m>*1 z x affect$ ! ,calabrian t]ritory1 is p]suad$ t x arose f an int]nal fire 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 = x took place precisely 9 ! m\nta9s :i* cross ! neck ( ! p59sula =m$ by ! two riv]s1 ! ,lameto & ! ,corace1 ! =m] ( :i* fl[s into ! gulf ( ,/4 ,euphemia1 & ! latt] into ! ,ionian sea4 ,all ! ph5om5a x display$1 made ?is evid5t4 ,l ! o!r %ocks1 x came 9 a s\?-we/ direction3 ! e>? at fir/ undulat$1 !n %ook1 & f9ally rock$ to & fro to su* a degree1 t x 0 sc>cely possible to /&4 ,x 0 prec$$ by a t]rible groan f b5ea? ! gr\nd2 & ?is groan1 :i* 0 ( ! same duration ) ! %ock1 t]m9at$ ) a l\d noise1 l t ( ! explosion ( a m9e4 ,^! ?und]+s accompani$ n only ! %ock ( t night1 & ( ! succe$+ day1 b likewise all ! o!rs :i* 7 aft]w>d felt2 at ! same "t t ! e>? 0 cont9ually %ak51 at fir/ e five m9utes1 & subsequ5tly ea* qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,dur+ ! night1 flames 7 se5 to issue f ! gr\nd 9 ! neighborhood ( ,reggio1 t[>d ! sea1 to :i* ! explosion ext5d$1 insomu* t _m ( ! peasants ran away ?r\gh fe>4 ,^! flames issu$ precisely f a spot :]e "s days be=e an extraord9>y heat _h be5 p]ceiv$4 ,aft] ?is great %ock !re appe>$ 9 ! air1 9 a slant+ direction1 & t[>d ! ca/1 a :iti% flame1 resembl+ electric fire3 x 0 se5 = ! space ( two h\rs4 ,sev]al hills 7 ei!r divid$ or laid level2 & )9 ! surface ( ! e>? ap]tures 7 made1 f :i* a great quantity ( wat]1 proce$+ ei!r f subt]rane\s conc5trations1 or f ! riv]s adjac5t to ! gr\nd ?us brok5 up1 sp\t$ = sev]al h\rs4 ,f "o ( ^! op5+s1 9 ! t]ritory ( ,borgia1 & ab\t a mile f ! sea1 !re issu$ a l>ge quantity ( salt wat]1 :i* = sev]al days imitat$ ! motions ( ! sea4 ,w>m wat] likewise issu$ f ! ap]tures made 9 ! pla9s ( ,maida4 ,9 all ! s&y p>ts1 :]e ! explosion took place1 !re 7 obs]v$1 f di/ance to di/ance1 ap]tures 9 ! =m ( an inv]t$ cone1 emitt+ wat]1 & :i* seem$ to prove ! escape ( a flake ( electric fire4 ,amid ! v>i\s ph5om5a :i* ei!r prec$$ or foll[$ ?is p>ticul> %ock1 ! foll[+ are well des]v+ ( notice4 ,! wat] ( a well at ,maida1 :i* 0 ( an excell5t quality1 0 affect$1 j be=e ! %ock1 ) s disgu/+ a sulphur\s flavor1 t x c\ld n ev5 be smell$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 at ,catanz>o1 ! wat] ( a well1 :i* be=e c\ld n be us$1 on acc\nt ( its possess+ a /rong smell ( calc9ation1 became dr9kable4 ,= a long "t be=e ! e>? %ook1 ! sea 0 consid]ably agitat$1 s z to t]rify ! fi%]m51 at ! same "t t !re 0 n a brea? ( w9d4 ,on ! side ( ,italy1 ! volcanoes _h n emitt$ any eruptions = a consid]able "t be=e2 b 9 ! same way z1 dur+ ! fir/ great %ock1 ,etna 0 9 flames1 s ,/romboli emitt$ fire dur+ ?is la/4 ,,e>?quakes ,,9 ,,p]u1 c4 ,s\? ,am]ica has be5 at all times v subject to e>?quakes2 & x is rem>kable1 t ! city ( ,lima1 ! capital ( ,p]u1 situat$ 9 ab\t twelve degrees ( s\? latitude1 al?\gh sc>cely ev] visit$ by tempe/s1 & equally unacqua9t$ ) ra9 z ) ?und] & lightn+1 has be5 s+ul>ly expos$ to _! fury4 ,!y1 inde$1 happ5 s frequ5tly !re1 t ! inhabitants are "u cont9ual appreh5sions ( be+1 f _! sudd5ness & viol5ce1 buri$ b5ea? ! ru9s ( _! h\ses4 ,/ill !y h _! presages1 "o ( ! pr9cipal ( :i* is a rumbl+ noise 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 he>d ab\t a m9ute be=e ! %ocks are felt1 & seem+ to p]vade all ! subt]rane\s adjac5t p>ts4 ,?is is foll[$ by ! dismal h[l+s ( ! dogs1 :o seem to give notice ( ! approa*+ dang]2 :ile ! bea/s ( burd51 9 _! passage ?r\gh ! /reets1 /op sudd5ly1 z x 7 by a natural in/9ct1 & seek ! attitude :i* may be/ secure !m f fall+4 ,on ^! port5ts1 ! t]rifi$ inhabitants flee f _! h\ses into ! /reets1 =m+ l>ge assemblies1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* cries ( *ildr5 are bl5d$ ) ! lam5tations ( ! females1 ^: agoniz+ pray]s to ! sa9ts increase ! common fe> & confusion4 ,9 a ^w1 ! entire city exhibits a dreadful sc5e ( con/]nation & horror4 ,s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,spani>ds 9 ,p]u1 ! fir/ e>?quake 9 ?is capital happ5$ 9 #aehb2 b ! damage x did 0 mu* less consid]able ?an t ( "s ( ^? :i* succe$$4 ,six ye>s aft] ,lima 0 aga9 visit$ by an e>?quake1 ! results ( :i* 7 s dreadful1 t x is /ill solemnly commemorat$ e ye>4 ,9 #afji1 a ?ird convulsion ?rew d[n _m h\ses3 & on ! tw5ty-sev5? ( ,novemb]1 #afcj1 s mu* damage 0 done by an e>?quake1 t 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( ! city n hav+ be5 entirely demoli%$1 a fe/ival is also on t day annually celebrat$4 ,on ! ?ird ( ,novemb]1 #afed1 ! mo/ /ately edifices 9 ,lima1 & a great numb] ( h\ses1 7 de/roy$ by a simil> ev5t2 b ! inhabitants hav+ _h timely presages1 )drew !mselves f _! h\ses1 insomu* t few p]i%$4 ,9 #afgh1 ano!r dreadful concussion took place4 ,among ! mo/ trem5d\s e>?quakes ) :i* ! ,p]uvian capital has be5 visit$1 may be reckon$ t :i* happ5$ on ! tw5ty-eigh? ( ,octob]1 #afhg4 ,! fir/ %ock 0 at f\r 9 ! morn+1 :5 sev]al ( ! f9e/ public build+s & h\ses 7 de/roy$1 ) ! loss ( _m lives4 ,?is 01 h[ev]1 m]ely a prelude to :at foll[$2 =1 two h\rs aft]1 a second %ock 0 felt1 ) su* impetu\s concussions1 t all 0 laid 9 ru9s1 & e description ( prop]ty lo/4 ,dur+ ?is second %ock ! sea retir$ consid]ably1 & !n return$ 9 m\nta9\s waves1 entirely ov]:elm+ ,callao1 ! seaport ( ,lima1 di/ant five miles1 z well z ! adjac5t c\ntry1 toge!r ) ! wret*$ inhabitants4 ,f t "t six o!r e>?quakes 7 felt at ,lima1 prior to t ( #agdf1 :i* likewise happ5$ on ! tw5ty-eigh? ( ,octob]1 at half pa/ t5 at night4 ,! e>ly concussions 7 s viol5t1 t 9 some:at m ?an ?ree m9utes1 ! great] "p 7if n all7 ( ! build+s 9 ! city1 7 de/roy$1 bury+ "u _! ru9s su* ( ! inhabitants z _h n made suffici5t ha/e into ! /reets & squ>es1 ! only places ( safety4 ,at l5g? ! horrible effects ( ! fir/ %ock ceas$2 b ! tranquillity 0 ( %ort duration1 ! concussions swiftly succe$+ ea* o!r4 ,! =t ( ,callao 0 dilapidat$2 b :at ?is build+ suff]$ f ! e>?quake1 0 inconsid]able :5 comp>$ ) ! dreadful cata/rophe :i* foll[$4 ,! sea1 z is usual on su* occasions1 rec$+ to a consid]able di/ance1 return$ 9 m\nta9\s waves1 foam+ ) ! viol5ce ( ! agitation1 & sudd5ly buri$ ,callao & ! neighbor+ c\ntry 9 its flood4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 n entirely effect$ by ! fir/ swell ( ! waves2 = ! sea1 retir+ /ill fur!r1 return$ ) great] impetuosity1 & cov]$ n only ! build+s1 b also ! l(ty walls ( ! =tress3 s t :at _h ev5 escap$ ! fir/ inundation1 0 totally ov]:elm$ by ^! succe$+ m\nta9\s waves4 ,( tw5ty-?ree %ips & vessels ( light burd51 !n 9 ! h>bor1 n9ete5 7 sunk2 & ! f\r o!rs1 among :i* 0 a frigate1 nam$ ! ,san ,firm91 7 c>ri$ by ! =ce ( ! waves to a consid]able di/ance up ! c\ntry4 ,?is t]rible inundation ext5d$1 z well z ! e>?quake1 to o!r p>ts ( ! coa/1 & sev]al t[ns und]w5t ! fate ( ,lima4 ,! numb] ( p]sons :o p]i%$ 9 t capital1 )9 two days aft] ! e>?quake comm5c$1 on an e/imate ( ! bodies f\nd1 am\nt$ to ?irte5 hundr$1 beside ! w\nd$ & maim$1 _m ( :om surviv$ _! tortures b a %ort "t4 ,! e>?quake ( ,jamaica1 9 #afib1 0 "o ( ! mo/ dreadful hi/ory has _h to record4 ,9 ! space ( two m9utes x de/roy$ ! t[n ( ,port ,royal1 & sunk ! h\ses 9 a gulf =ty fa?oms deep4 ,x 0 att5d$ ) a holl[1 rumbl+ noise1 l t ( ?und]4 ,9 less ?an a m9ute1 ! great] "p ( ! h\ses1 on "o side ( ! /reets1 71 ) _! inhabitants1 sunk b5ea? ! wat]1 :ile ^? on ! o!r side 7 ?r[n into heaps1 ! s&y soil on :i* !y 7 built ris+ l ! waves ( ! sea1 & sudd5ly ov]?r[+ !m on its subsid5ce4 ,! wat] ( ! wells 0 dis*>g$ ) a mo/ vehem5t agitation2 & ! sea 0 equally turbul5t1 bur/+ its m\nds1 & delug+ :atev] came 9 its way4 ,! fissures 9 ! e>? 7 9 "s places s great1 t "o ( ! /reets appe>$ ( m ?an twice its orig9al bread?4 ,9 _m places ! e>? op5$ & clos$ aga92 & ?is agitation cont9u$ = a consid]able "t4 ,sev]al hundr$s ( ^! op5+s 7 to be se5 at ! same mom5t3 9 "s ( !m ! wret*$ inhabitants 7 swall[$ up2 :ile 9 o!rs1 ! e>? sudd5ly clos+1 caught !m by ! middle1 & ?us cru%$ !m to dea?4 ,o!r op5+s1 /ill m dreadful1 swall[$ up entire /reets2 :ile o!rs1 aga91 sp\t$ up cat>acts ( wat]1 dr[n+ ^? :om ! e>?quake _h sp>$4 ,! :ole 0 att5d$ ) a mo/ noisome /5*4 ,! ?und]+s ( ! di/ant fall+ m\nta9s1 ! sky ov]ca/ ) a dusky gloom1 & ! cra% ( ! fall+ build+s1 gave unspeakable horror to ! sc5e4 ,?is dreadful calamity hav+ ceas$1 ! :ole isl& exhibit$ a sc5e ( desolation4 ,few ( ! h\ses :i* _h n be5 swall[$ up 7 left /&+2 & :atev] grew on ! plantations %>$ 9 ! univ]sal ru94 ,^! cultivat$ spots 7 n[ conv]t$ into l>ge pools ( wat]1 :i* :5 dri$ up by ! sun1 left s _m pla9s ( b>r5 s&4 ,! great] "p ( ! riv]s _h1 dur+ ! e>?quake1 be5 *ok$ by ! fall+ 9 ( ! deta*$ masses ( m\nta9s2 & x 0 n until "s "t aft]1 t !y made !mselves new *annels4 ,! m\nta9s seem to h be5 m p>ticul>ly expos$ to ! =ce ( ! fir/ trem5d\s %ock2 & x 0 conjectur$ t ! pr9cipal seat ( ! concussion 0 among !m4 ,su* ( ! inhabitants z 7 sav$1 s\ght %elt] on bo>d ! %ips 9 ! h>bor1 & rema9$ !re above two mon?s1 ! %ocks cont9u+ dur+ t int]val ) m or less viol5ce e day4 ,,e>?quake ,,9 ,,v5ezuela4 ,on ! tw5ty-six? ( ,m>*1 #ahab1 betwe5 f\r & five 9 ! aft]noon1 ,v5ezuela 0 visit$ by "o ( ^? trem5d\s e>?quakes :i* n[ & !n ru9 :ole prov9ces4 ,dur+ a m9ute & fifte5 seconds ! e>? 0 convuls$ 9 e direction1 & ne>ly tw5ty ?\s& p]sons fell victims4 ,! t[ns ( ,c>accas1 ,la ,guayra1 ,mayquetia1 ,m]ida & ,san ,felipe1 7 totally de/roy$4 ,b>quisimeto1 ,val5cia1 ,la ,vittoria1 & o!rs1 suff]$ consid]ably4 ,?is cata/rophe happ5$ on ,holy ,?ursday1 a day :5 ! ,romi% *ur* peculi>ly commemorates ! suff]+s ( our bless$ ,r$eem]1 & at ! v h\r :5 ! p 7 cr[d+ into ! *ur*es to att5d ! processions :i* are usual 9 ,roman ,ca?olic c\ntries1 & to see ! repres5tation ( our ,savi\r l$ to ! cross4 ,troops are plac$ on su* occasions at ! entrance ( ! *ur*es to foll[ ! procession2 & _m *ur*es1 & ! pr9cipal b>racks at ,c>accas1 be+ ?r[n d[n1 !re 0 a consid]able numb] ( soldi]s kill$1 & _m ?\s& p]sons cru%$ "u _! ru9s4 ,! arms & ammunition de/9$ = ! def5se ( ! c\ntry 7 buri$ 9 a simil> mann]2 & :at 0 worse1 an unconqu]able enemy to ! indep5d5ce ( ,v5ezuela seem$ to raise its head f among ! ru9s--t religi\s prejudice :i* ! e>?quake inspir$4 ,9 an era less rem>kable1 a m]e convulsion ( nature w\ld h _h no influ5ce on a new gov]nm5t2 b1 not)/&+ ! prosp]ity ,v5ezuela !n enjoy$1 ! se$s ( discont5t _h fall5 on "o class ( ! community4 ,! pr9ciples :i* =m$ ! basis ( ! new con/itution 7 democratical1 & x _h be5 necess>y to deprive ! prie/hood ( "s ( _! privileges1 :i* ( c\rse creat$ enmity 9 _! m9ds to ! pres5t gov]nm5t4 ,imm$iately aft] ! e>?quake1 ! prie/s proclaim$1 t ! ,almighty condemn$ ! revolution3 !y d5\nc$ 8 wra? on all :o favor$ x2 & a c\nt]-revolution1 att5d$ by great blood%$1 0 ! unhappy consequ5ce4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,connection ,,( ,,e>?quakes ,,) ,,volcanoes4 ------------------------------------ ,,isl& ,,( ,,java4 ,! connection ( e>?quakes ) volcanoes has be5 already notic$2 & a rem>kable occurr5ce ( ?is nature happ5$ 9 ,java4 ,pap&ayang 0 =m]ly "o ( ! l>ge/ volcanoes 9 t isl&2 b 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 #aggb1 ! greate/ "p ( x 01 aft] a %ort b sev]e combu/ion1 swall[$ up by a dreadful convulsion ( ! e>?4 ,?is ev5t 0 prec$$ by an uncommonly lum9\s cl\d1 att5d$ ) fla%es ( light1 by :i* ! m\nta9 0 completely envelop$1 & :i* s t]rifi$ ! inhabitants dwell+ at ! foot & on its declivities1 t !y betook !mselves to flight4 ,be=e !y c\ld all save !mselves1 h[ev]1 ! m\nta9 began to give way1 & ! great] "p ( x actually fell 9 & disappe>$ 9 ! e>?4 ,at ! same "t1 a trem5d\s noise 0 he>d1 resembl+ ! dis*>ge ( ! heavie/ cannon2 :ile ! imm5se quantities ( volcanic sub/ances :i* 7 ?r[n out1 & spread 9 e direction1 ext5d$ ! effects ( ! explosion ?r\gh ! space ( _m miles4 ,x 0 e/imat$ t an ext5t ( gr\nd1 belong+ to ! m\nta9 itself1 & to its imm$iate environs1 fifte5 miles 9 l5g?1 & six 9 bread?1 0 by ?is commotion swall[$ up 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,six weeks aft] ! cata/rophe1 p]sons :o 7 s5t to exam9e ! condition ( ! surr\nd+ t]ritory1 report$1 t x 0 impossible to approa* ! m\nta91 on acc\nt ( ! heat ( ! sub/ances :i* cov]$ its circumf]5ce1 & :i* 7 pil$ on ea* o!r to ! hight ( ?ree feet4 ,x has be5 report$1 t =ty villages1 p>tly swall[$ up by ! op5+ ( ! e>?1 & p>tly cov]$ by ! sub/ances eject$1 7 de/roy$ on ?is melan*oly occasion1 ) ! loss ( ne>ly ?ree ?\s& lives4 ,a proportionate numb] ( cattle 0 de/roy$2 & ! great] "p ( ! plantations ( cotton1 indigo & c(fee1 9 ! adjac5t di/ricts1 7 buri$ b5ea? ! volcanic matt]4 ,! effects ( ?is explosion 7 long app>5t on ! rema9s ( ! volcanic m\nta94 ,we "h introduce a sket* ( sev]al curi\s & novel details ( volcanic ph5om5a 9 ,java1 on acc\nt ( _! intimate connection ) ! subt]rane\s op]ations ( nature 9 ! production ( e>?quakes4 ,x may be consid]$ z supplem5t>y to ! detail$ acc\nt ( volcanoes giv5 at ! beg9n+ ( ?is "w4 ,!re are 9 ,java ?irty-eight l>ge m\nta9s1 :i*1 al?\gh !y diff] f ea* o!r 9 ext]nal figure1 agree 9 ! g5]al attribute ( volcanoes1 by _! hav+ a broad base1 :i* gradually v]ges t[>d ! summit1 9 ! =m ( a cone4 ,"o ( ^! is nam$ ,tankuban-,prahu1 on acc\nt ( its resembl+1 at a di/ance1 a boat turn$ upside d[n3 x =ms a va/ truncat$ cone4 ,its base ext5ds to a consid]able di/ance1 & x is n only "o ( ! l>ge/ m\nta9s 9 ! isl&1 b a mo/ int]e/+ volcano4 ,al?\gh x has n = _m ages _h any viol5t eruption1 z is evid5t f ! progress ( vegetation1 & f ! dep? ( black mold :i* cov]s its sides1 its int]ior has cont9u$ 9 a /ate ( un9t]rupt$ activity4 ,its crat] is l>ge1 & has1 9 g5]al1 ! %ape ( a funnel1 b ) its sides v irregul>3 ! brim1 or m>g91 :i* b\nds x at ! top1 has also diff]5t degrees ( elevation1 ris+ & desc5d+ along ! :ole c\rse ( its circumf]5ce4 ,?is may be e/imat$ at a mile & a half2 & ! p]p5dicul> dep? on ! s\? side1 :]e x is v /eep1 is at lea/ two hundr$ & fifty feet3 t[>d ! we/ x rises consid]ably high]4 ,! bottom ( ! crat] has a diamet] ( n9e hundr$ feet1 b is n regul> 9 its =m1 :i* dep5ds on ! meet+ ( ! sides bel[4 ,ne> ! c5t] x conta9s an irregul> oval lake1 or collection ( wat]1 ! greate/ diamet] ( :i* is ne>ly ?ree hundr$ feet4 ,! wat] be+ :ite1 x exhibits ! appe>ance ( a lake ( milk1 boil+ ) a p]petual dis*>ge ( l>ge bubbles1 occasion$ by ! developm5t ( fix$ air4 ,t[>d its ea/]n extremity are ! rema9+ outlets ( ! subt]rane\s fires1 consi/+ ( sev]al ap]tures1 f :i* an un9t]rupt$ dis*>ge ( sulphur\s vapors takes place4 ,^! vapors ru% out ) an incr$ible =ce1 ) viol5t subt]rane\s noises1 resembl+ ! boil+ ( an imm5se caldron 9 ! b[els ( ! m\nta94 ,:5 at ! bottom1 ! =ce ( ! impression made on ! spectator by ?is gr& & t]rific sc5e1 is increas$ by ! recollection ( ! dang]s he _h to enc\nt] 9 ! desc5t2 :ile ! ext5t ( ! crat]1 & ! rema9s ( ! =m] explosions1 af=d an indescribable enjoym5t1 & fill 8 m9d ) ! mo/ awful satisfaction4 ,! explosions ( mud1 call$ by ! natives bl$eg1 are1 z we h already se51 a great curiosity4 ,?is volcanic ph5om5on is 9 ! c5t] ( a lime/one di/rict1 & is fir/ discov]$1 on approa*+ x f a di/ance1 by a l>ge volume ( smoke1 :i* rises & disappe>s at int]vals ( a few seconds1 & resembles ! vapors aris+ f a viol5t surf4 ,a dull noise1 l t ( ?und]1 is at ! same "t he>d2 & on a ne>] approa*1 :5 ! vision is no long] imp$$ by ! smoke1 a l>ge hemisph]ical mass is obs]v$1 consi/+ ( black e>?1 mix$ ) wat]1 ab\t sixte5 feet 9 diamet]1 ris+ up to ! hight ( tw5ty or ?irty feet 9 a p]fectly regul> mann]1 &1 z x 71 pu%$ up by a =ce b5ea?4 ,?is mass sudd5ly explodes ) a dull noise1 & scatt]s1 9 e direction1 a volume ( black mud4 ,aft] an int]val ( a few seconds1 ! hemisph]ical body ( e>? or mud aga9 rises & explodes4 ,9 ! same mann] ?is volcanic ebullition goes on )\t int]ruption1 ?r[+ up a globul> body ( mud1 & disp]s+ x ) viol5ce ?r\gh ! neighbor+ pla94 ,! spot :]e ! ebullition occurs is ne>ly circul>1 & p]fectly level1 & is entirely cov]$ ) ! e>?y p>ticles1 impregnat$ ) salt wat]1 :i* are ?r[n up f bel[4 ,! circumf]5ce may be e/imat$ at ab\t half a mile4 ,9 ord] to conduct ! salt wat] to ! circumf]5ce1 small passages1 or gutt]s1 are made 9 ! loose muddy e>?1 :i* lead x to ! bord]s1 :]e x is collect$ 9 holes1 or salt wells1 dug 9 ! gr\nd1 = ! purpose ( evaporation4 ,! mud rec5tly ?r[n up1 possesses a degree ( heat great] ?an t ( ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e1 & emits a /rong1 pung5t & sulphur\s smell4 ,?is volcanic ph5om5on is situat$ ne> ! c5t] ( ! l>ge pla9 :i* int]rupts ! s]ies ( ! m consid]able volcanoes1 & owes its orig9 to ! g5]al cause ( ! num]\s volcanic eruptions :i* occur 9 ! isl& ( ,java4 ,! trem5d\s viol5ce ) :i* nature m>ks ! op]ations ( volcanoes 9 ^! regions1 w be be/ exemplifi$ by ! foll[+ details ( ! extraord9>y & wide-spread+ ph5om5a :i* accompani$ ! eruption ( ! ,tomboro m\nta91 9 ! isl& ( ,sumbawa1 "o ( ! ,javanese clu/]4 ,?is eruption1 :i* happ5$ 9 ,april1 #ahae1 0 s5sibly felt ov] ! :ole ( ! ,molucca isl&s1 ov] ,java1 & ov] a consid]able portion ( ,celebes1 ,sumatra & ,borneo1 to a circumf]5ce ( a ?\s& /atute miles f its c5t]1 by tremul\s motions & l\d explosions2 :ile1 )9 ! range ( its m imm$iate activity1 embrac+ a space ( ?ree hundr$ miles ar\nd x1 x produc$ ! mo/ a/oni%+ effects & excit$ ! mo/ al>m+ appreh5sions4 ,on ,java1 at ! di/ance ( ?ree hundr$ miles1 x seem$ to be awfully pres5t4 ,! sky 0 ov]ca/ at noonday ) a cl\d ( a%es2 ! sun 0 envelop$ 9 an atmosph]e1 ! palpable d5sity ( :i* x 0 unable to p5etrate2 %[]s ( a%es cov]$ ! h\ses1 ! /reets & ! fields1 to ! dep? ( sev]al in*es2 &1 amid ?is d>kness1 explosions 7 he>d at int]vals1 l ! report ( artill]y1 or ! noise ( di/ant ?und]4 ,e "o conceiv$1 t ! effects exp]i5c$ might be caus$ by eruptions ( "s ( ! num]\s volcanoes on ! isl&2 b no "o c\ld h conjectur$1 t ! %[] ( a%es :i* d>k5$ ! air1 & cov]$ ! gr\nd ( ! ea/]n di/rict ( ,java1 c\ld h proce$$ f a m\nta9 9 ,sumbawa1 at ! di/ance ( sev]al hundr$ miles4 ,! fir/ explosions 7 he>d at ,java1 on ! ev5+ ( ! fif? ( ,april1 & cont9u$ until ! foll[+ day1 :5 ! sun became obscur$1 & appe>$ to be envelop$ 9 a fog4 ,! wea!r 0 sultry2 ! atmosph]e close2 & ! pressure ( ! latt]1 add$ to ! g5]al /illness1 seem$ to =ebode an e>?quake4 ,?is la/$ = sev]al days1 ! explosions cont9u+1 b n ) s mu* viol5ce z at fir/4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! t5?1 ! eruptions1 h[ev]1 7 m l\d & m frequ5t2 a%es fell 9 abundance2 ! sun 0 ne>ly obscur$2 & 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! isl& a tremul\s motion ( ! e>? 0 felt4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 ! explosions 7 s trem5d\s z to %ake ! h\ses p]ceptibly 9 ! m ea/]n di/ricts4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,sumbawa itself1 !re 0 a great loss ( lives1 & ! surviv+ inhabitants 7 r$uc$ to extreme mis]y4 ,x appe>s f ! acc\nt ( ! rajah1 :o 0 a spectator ( ! eruption1 t on ! ev5+ ( ! t5? ( ,april1 ?ree di/9ct columns ( flame1 all app>5tly )9 ! v]ge ( ! crat] ( ! ,tomboro m\nta91 bur/ =?1 &1 aft] asc5d+ sep>ately to a v great hight1 unit$ _! tops 9 ! air4 ,! :ole ( ! m\nta9 n[ appe>$ l a body ( liquid fire1 ext5d+ itself 9 e direction4 ,/ones & a%es 7 precipitat$2 & a :irlw9d ensu$1 :i* blew d[n ! great] "p ( ! h\ses 9 an adjo9+ village4 ,x tore up by ! roots ! l>ge/ trees1 & c>ri$ !m into ! air1 toge!r ) m51 horses1 cattle1 & :atev] came )9 its influ5ce4 ,! sea rose ne>ly twelve feet high] ?an usual1 a ph5om5on commonly att5dant on e>?quakes1 ov]:elm+ ! plantations ( rice1 & sweep+ away h\ses1 ) :atev] came )9 its rea*4 ,x is calculat$ t full twelve ?\s& individuals p]i%$4 ,! trees & h]bage ( e description1 along ! :ole ( ! nor? & we/ sides ( ! p59sula1 7 completely de/roy$1 ) ! exception ( a high po9t ( l& ne> ! spot :]e ! village ( ,tomboro /ood4 ,! extreme mis]y to :i* ! inhabitants ( ! we/]n "p ( ! isl& 7 r$uc$1 0 dreadful to behold4 ,! roads 7 /rew$ ) dead bodies2 ! villages 7 almo/ entirely des]t$1 & ! h\ses fall5 d[n4 ,! peasants w&]$ 9 all directions 9 se>* ( food2 & ! fam9e became s sev]e1 t "o ( ! daught]s ( ! rajah di$ ( hung]4 ,to judge ( ! viol5ce ( ! eruption1 x w suffice to /ate1 t ! cl\d ( a%es :i* _h be5 c>ri$ ) s mu* cel]ity z to produce utt] d>kness1 ext5d$1 9 ! direction ( ! isl& ( ,celebes1 two hundr$ & sev5te5 nautical miles f ! seat ( ! volcano2 &1 9 a direct l9e t[>d ,java1 upw>d ( ?ree hundr$ geographical miles4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,basaltic ,,& ,,rocky ,,wond]s4 ------------------------------------ ,,! ,,giant',s ,,causeway4 ,?is va/ collection ( basaltic pill>s is 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ballimony1 9 ! c\nty ( ,antrim1 ,irel&4 ,! pr9cipal1 or gr& causeway1 7!re be+ sev]al less consid]able & scatt]$ fragm5ts ( a simil> nature17 consi/s ( an irregul> arrangem5t ( _m hundr$ ?\s&s ( columns1 =m$ ( a black rock1 ne>ly z h>d z m>ble4 ,! great] "p ( !m are ( a p5tagonal figure1 b s closely & compactly situat$ on _! sides1 ?\gh p]fectly di/9ct f top to bottom1 t sc>cely any?+ c be introduc$ betwe5 !m4 ,^! columns are ( an unequal hight & bread?3 sev]al ( ! mo/ elevat$1 visible above ! surface ( ! /r&1 & at ! foot ( ! imp5d+ angul> precipice1 are ( ! hight ( ab\t tw5ty feet1 :i* !y d n exce$1 at lea/ n any ( ! pr9cipal arrangem5t4 ,h[ deeply !y are fix$ 9 ! /r&1 has nev] yet be5 asc]ta9$4 ,?is gr& arrangem5t ext5ds ne>ly two hundr$ y>ds1 z x is visible at l[ wat]2 b h[ f> beyond is unc]ta93 f its decl9+ appe>ance1 h[ev]1 at l[ wat]1 x is probable t x does n rea* b5ea? ! wat] z f> z x is se5 above4 ,! bread? ( ! pr9cipal causeway1 :i* runs out 9 "o cont9u$ range ( columns1 is 9 g5]al f tw5ty to ?irty feet3 9 "s p>ts x may1 = a %ort di/ance1 be ne>ly =ty4 ,f ?is acc\nt are exclud$ ! brok5 & scatt]$ pieces ( ! same k9d ( con/ruction1 :i* are deta*$ f ! sides ( ! gr& causeway1 z !y d n appe> to h ev] be5 contigu\s to ! pr9cipal arrangem5t1 al?\gh !y h be5 frequ5tly compreh5d$ 9 ! wid?1 :i* has l$ to su* wild & dissimil> repres5tations ( ?is causeway1 9 ! diff]5t acc\nts t h be5 giv54 ,its highe/ "p is ! n>r[e/1 at ! v spot ( ! imp5d+ cliff1 :5ce ! :ole projects2 & !re1 = ab\t ! same space 9 l5g?1 its wid? is n m ?an f twelve to fifte5 feet4 ,! columns ( ?is n>r[ "p incl9e f a p]p5dicul> a little to ! we/w>d1 & =m a slope on _! tops1 by ! unequal hight ( _! sides2 & 9 ?is way a gradual asc5t is made at ! foot ( ! cliff1 f ! head ( "o column to ! next above1 to ! top ( ! great causeway1 :i*1 at ! di/ance ( ab\t eighte5 feet f ! cliff1 obta9s a p]p5dicul> position1 & l[]+ f its g5]al hight1 wid5s to betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty feet1 be+ = ne>ly ?ree hundr$ feet always above ! wat]4 ,! tops ( ! columns be+1 ?r\gh\t ?is l5g?1 ne>ly ( an equal hight1 =m a gr& & s+ul> p>ade1 :i* may be walk$ on1 some:at incl9+ to ! wat]'s edge4 ,b f ! high-wat] m>k1 z x is p]petually wa%$ by ! beat+ surges at e return ( ! tide1 ! plat=m l[]s consid]ably1 becom+ m & m unev51 s z n to be walk$ on b ) ! greate/ c>e4 ,at ! di/ance ( a hundr$ & fifty y>ds f ! cliffs1 x turns a little to ! ea/ = ! space ( tw5ty or ?irty y>ds1 & !n s9ks into ! sea4 ,! figure ( ^! columns is1 ) few exceptions1 p5tagonal1 or compos$ ( five sides2 & ! spectator mu/ look v n>r[ly inde$ to f9d any ( a diff]5t con/ruction1 hav+ ?ree1 f\r or six sides4 ,:at is v extraord9>y1 & p>ticul>ly curi\s is1 t !re are n two columns 9 t5 ?\s& to be f\nd1 :i* ei!r h _! sides equal among !mselves1 or display a l figure4 ,! composition ( ^! columns or pill>s1 is also des]v+ ! att5tion ( ! curi\s obs]v]4 ,!y are n ( "o solid /one 9 an upright position1 b compos$ ( sev]al %ort l5g?s1 nicely jo9$1 n ) flat surfaces1 b articulat$ into ea* o!r l a ball & socket1 or l ! jo9ts 9 ! v]tebr ( "s ( ! l>g] k9ds ( fi%1 ! "o at ! jo9t hav+ a cavity1 into :i* ! convex end ( ! opposite is exactly fitt$4 ,?is is n visible unless on disjo9t+ ! two /ones4 ,! dep? ( ! concavity or convexity is g5]ally ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es4 ,x is /ill fur!r rem>kable1 t ! convexity & correspond5t concavity ( ! jo9t1 are n con=mable to ! ext]nal angul> figure ( ! column1 b exactly r\nd1 & z l>ge z ! size or diamet] ( ! column w admit2 consequ5tly1 z ! angles ( ^! columns are 9 g5]al v unequal1 ! circul> edges ( ! jo9ts are seldom co9cid5t ) m ?an two or ?ree sides ( ! p5tagonal1 & are1 f ! edge ( ! circul> "p ( ! jo9t to ! ext]ior sides & angles1 q pla94 ,x ought likewise to be notic$ z a s+ul> curiosity1 t ! articulations ( ^! jo9ts are frequ5tly inv]t$1 9 "s ( !m ! concavity be+ upw>d1 9 o!rs ! rev]se4 ,?is occasions t v>iety & mixture ( concavities & convexities on ! tops ( ! columns1 :i* is obs]vable ?r\gh\t ! plat=m ( ?is causeway1 )\t any discov]able design or regul>ity ) respect to ! numb] ( ei!r4 ,! l5g? ( ^! p>ticul> /ones1 f jo9t to jo9t1 is v>i\s3 !y are 9 g5]al f eighte5 in*es to two feet long2 & = ! great] "p1 long] t[>d ! bottom ( ! columns ?an ne>] ! top1 ! articulation ( ! jo9ts be+ !re some:at deep]4 ,! size1 or diamet]1 likewise ( ! columns1 is z diff]5t z _! l5g? & figure3 9 g5]al !y are f fifte5 to tw5ty in*es 9 diamet]4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ?is comb9ation !re are no traces ( uni=mity or design1 except 9 ! =m ( ! jo9t1 :i* is inv>iably by an articulation ( ! convex into ! concave ( ! piece next above or bel[ x3 nor are !re traces ( a f9i%+ 9 any "p1 :e!r 9 ! hight1 l5g? or bread?4 ,if !re be p>ticul> in/ances 9 :i* ! columns above wat] h a smoo? top1 o!rs ne> !m1 ( an equal hight1 are m or less convex or concave1 :i* %[s !m to h be5 jo9$ to pieces t h be5 wa%$ away1 or by o!r means tak5 (f4 ,x c n be d\bt$ b t ^? p>ts :i* are con/antly above wat] h gradually become m & m ev51 at ! same "t t ! rema9+ surfaces ( ! jo9ts mu/ necess>ily h be5 worn smoo!r1 by ! con/ant action ( ! air1 & by ! friction 9 walk+ ov] !m1 ?an :]e ! sea1 at e tide1 beats on ! causeway1 cont9ually remov+ "s ( ! upp] /ones1 & expos+ fre% jo9ts4 ,z all ! ext]ior columns1 :i* h two or ?ree sides expos$ to view1 pres]ve _! diamet]s f top to bottom1 x may be inf]r$1 t su* is also ! case ) ! int]ior columns1 ! tops ( :i* alone are visible4 ,not)/&+ ! g5]al dissimilitude ( ! columns1 relatively to _! figure & diamet]1 !y are s arrang$ & comb9$ at all ! po9ts1 t a knife c sc>cely be introduc$ betwe5 !m1 ei!r at ! sides or angles4 ,x is mo/ int]e/+ to exam9e ! close contexture & nice ins]tion ( ! inf9ite v>iety ( =ms exhibit$ on ! surface ( ?is gr& p>ade4 ,f ! great dissimil>ity ( ! figures ( ! columns1 ! spectator w\ld be l$ to believe ! causeway a "w ( human art1 7 x n1 on ! o!r h&1 inconceivable t ! g5ius or inv5tion ( man %\ld con/ruct & comb9e su* an inf9ite numb] ( columns1 :i* %\ld h a g5]al app>5t lik5ess1 & /ill be s univ]sally dissimil> 9 _! figure1 z t on ! m9ute/ exam9ation1 n two 9 t5 or tw5ty ?\s& %\ld be f\nd hav+ _! angles & sides equal among !mselves1 or ^? ( "o column to ^? ( ano!r4 ,z !re is an inf9ite v>iety 9 ! configuration ( ! sev]al p>ts1 s !re are no traces ( regul>ity or design 9 ! outl9es ( ?is curi\s ph5om5on3 includ+ ! brok5 or deta*$ pieces ( a simil> /ructure1 !y are extremely scatt]$ & confus$4 ,:atev] may h be5 _! orig9al /ate1 !y d n at pres5t appe> to h any connection ) ! gr& or pr9cipal causeway1 z to any supposable design or use 9 its fir/ con/ruction2 & z little design c be inf]r$ f ! figure or position ( ! sev]al con/itu5t p>ts4 ,?is s+ul> =mation is n conf9$ to ! ,giant's ,causeway2 b to q a di/ance f x1 ! cliffs exhibit1 9 _m p>ts1 simil> columns4 ,at ! dep? ( t5 or twelve feet f ! summit ( ! cape ( ,b5gore1 ! rock beg9s to assume a column> t5d5cy1 & =ms a range ( massy pill>s ( basalt1 :i* /& p]p5dicul> to ! horizon1 pres5t+ 9 ! %>p face ( ! promontory1 ! appe>ance ( a magnific5t gall]y or colonnade1 upw>d ( sixty feet 9 hight4 ,?is colonnade is support$ on a solid base ( co>se1 black1 irregul> rock1 ne>ly sixty feet ?ick1 ab\nd+ 9 :at are call$ blebs1 7t is1 little bli/]s z x 7 on ! rock17 & also 9 air holes2 b1 ?\gh comp>atively irregul>1 x evid5tly affects a peculi> figure1 t5d+ 9 _m places to run into regul> =ms1 resembl+ ! %oot+ ( salts & _m o!r sub/ances dur+ a ha/y cry/allization4 ,b5ea? ?is great b$ ( /one1 /&s a second range ( pill>s f =ty to fifty feet high1 m exactly def9$1 & emulat+ 9 ! neatness ( its columns1 ^? ( ! ,giant's ,causeway4 ,?is l[] range is upborne by a lay] ( r$ o*] /one1 :i* s]ves z a relief to %[ x to great] advantage4 ,! two admirable natural gall]ies1 ) ! int]jac5t masses ( irregul> rock1 =m a p]p5dicul> hight ( "o hundr$ & sev5ty feet1 f ! base ( :i* ! promontory1 cov]$ ) rock & grass1 slopes d[n to ! sea a consid]able space1 s z to give an additional hight ( two hundr$ feet1 mak+ 9 all ne>ly f\r hundr$ feet ( p]p5dicul> elevation1 & pres5t+ a mass1 :i* = beauty & v>iety ( color+1 = elegance & novelty ( arrangem5t1 & = ! extraord9>y magnitude ( its objects1 c n1 p]haps1 be rival$ by any?+ at pres5t kn[n4 ,! promontory ( ,fairhead raises its l(ty summit m ?an f\r hundr$ feet above ! level ( ! sea1 & =ms ! ea/]n t]m9ation ( ,ballyca/le bay4 ,x pres5ts a va/ compact mass ( rude column> /ones1 ! =ms ( :i* are extremely gross1 _m be+ a hundr$ & fifty feet 9 l5g?4 ,at ! base ( ^! gigantic columns lies a wild wa/e ( natural ru9s ( an enorm\s size1 :i*1 9 ! c\rse ( successive ages1 h be5 tumbl$ d[n f _! f\ndations by /orms1 or "s m p[]ful op]ations ( nature4 ,^! massive bodies h occasionally )/ood ! %ock ( _! fall1 & (t5 lie 9 gr\ps1 & clumps ( pill>s1 resembl+ artificial ru9s1 & =m+ a v novel & /rik+ l&scape4 ,_m ( ^! pill>s lie to ! ea/1 9 ! v bottom ( ! bay1 at ! di/ance ( ab\t "o-?ird ( a mile f ! causeway4 ,!re ! e>? has evid5tly fall5 away f !m ^u ! /r&1 & exhibits a v curi\s arrangem5t ( p5tagonal columns1 9 a p]p5dicul> position1 app>5tly support+ a cliff ( diff]5t /rata ( e>?1 clay1 rock1 c41 to ! hight ( a hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,"s ( ^! columns are f ?irty to =ty feet high1 f ! top ( ! slop+ bank b5ea? !m2 & be+ long] 9 ! middle ( ! arrangem5t1 %ort5+ on ei!r ( ! sides1 h obta9$ ! appellation ( organs1 f a rude lik5ess 9 ?is p>ticul> to ! ext]ior or frontal tubes ( t in/rum5t4 ,z !re are few brok5 pieces on ! /r&1 ne> ?is assemblage ( columns1 x is probable t ! outside range1 z x n[ appe>s1 is 9 reality ! orig9al ext]ior l9e t[>d ! sea2 b h[ f> ^! columns ext5d int]nally into ! b[els ( ! incumb5t cliff is unkn[n4 ,! v sub/ance1 inde$1 ( t "p ( ! cliff :i* projects to a po9t1 betwe5 ! two bays on ! ea/ & we/ ( ! causeway1 seems compos$ ( simil> mat]ials2 =1 besides ! _m pieces :i* are se5 on ! sides ( ! cliff1 z x w9ds to ! bottom ( ! bays1 p>ticul>ly on ! ea/]n side1 !re is at ! v po9t ( ! cliff1 & j above ! n>r[ & highe/ "p ( ! causeway1 a long collection ( !m1 ! heads or summits ( :i* j appe>+ )\t ! slop+ bank1 make x evid5t t !y lie 9 a sleep+ position1 & ab\t half-way betwe5 ! p]p5dicul> & horizontal4 ,! heads ( ^! columns are likewise ( mix$ surfaces1 convex & concave2 & !y evid5tly appe> to h be5 remov$ f _! orig9al upright position1 to ! incl9+ or oblique "o !y h n[ assum$1 by ! s9k+ or fall+ ( ! cliff4 ,,basaltic ,,columns4 ,9 ! c\ntry surr\nd+ ,padua1 9 ,italy1 !re are sev]al basaltic columns1 simil> to ^? ( ! ,giant's ,causeway1 al?\gh less magnific5t 9 appe>ance4 ,ab\t sev5 miles 9 a s\!rn direction f t city1 is a hill nam$ ,monte ,rosso1 or ! ,r$ m\nt1 :i* pres5ts a natural range ( prismatic columns1 ( diff]5t %apes & sizes1 plac$ 9 a direction ne>ly p]p5dicul> to ! horizon1 & p>allel to ea* o!r1 ne>ly resembl+ t "p ( ! ,giant's ,causeway1 call$ ! organs4 ,at an inconsid]able di/ance is ano!r basalt9e hill1 call$ ,il monte del ,diavolo1 or ! ,devil's hill1 along ! sides ( :i* prismatic columns are arrang$ 9 an oblique position4 ,?is causeway ext5ds along ! side ( ! vale b5ea?1 ) ne>ly ! same arrangem5t ( ! columns z is display$ on ! hill4 ,al?\gh ! columns ( bo? ^! hills are ( ! simple1 or unjo9t$ k9d1 /ill !y diff] v rem>kably f ea* o!r 9 _m respects1 b pr9cipally 9 _! =ms1 & 9 ! texture & quality ( _! p>ts4 ,^? ( ! ,monte del ,diavolo commonly approa* a circul> =m1 z ne>ly z _! angles w all[2 :i* is also obs]vable 9 ! columns ( ! ,giant's ,causeway & ( mo/ o!r basaltic gr\ps4 ,on ! contr>y1 ^? ( ,monte ,rosso assume an oblong or oval figure4 ,! columns ( ! =m] measure1 "o ) ! o!r1 ne>ly a foot 9 diamet]1 v>y+ b little 9 _! size2 :ile ^? ( ! latt] pres5t a great v>iety 9 _! dim5sions1 ! diamet] ( "s ( !m be+ ne>ly a foot1 & t ( o!rs sc>cely ?ree in*es3 _! common wid? may be e/imat$ at six or eight in*es4 ,!y diff]1 !re=e1 v consid]ably 9 size f ^? ( ! ,giant's ,causeway1 "s ( :i* measure two feet 9 wid?4 ,! l5g? ( ! columns ( ! ,monte del ,diavolo c n be asc]ta9$1 z !y pres5t only _! summits to ! view3 _! rema9+ p>ts are deeply buri$ 9 ! hill1 & 9 "s places entirely cov]$4 ,^? ( ,monte ,rosso1 z f> z !y are visible1 measure f six to eight or t5 feet 9 hight2 an inconsid]able size :5 comp>$ ) ! hight ( ^? ( ! ,giant's ,causeway4 ,! columns ( ^! gr\ps display1 h[ev]1 all ! v>ieties ( prismatic =ms1 :i* are obs]vable 9 ^? ( ! latt]1 & o!r simil> gr\ps4 ,!y are usually ( five1 six or sev5 sides2 b ! hexagonal =m seems *iefly to prevail4 ,! texture & quality ( ^! columns are n less diff]5t ?an _! =ms4 ,^? ( ! ,monte del ,diavolo pres5t a smoo? surface1 &1 :5 brok51 appe> )9 ( a d>k iron-gray color1 manife/+ also a v solid & uni=m texture2 9 :i* *>act]s !y correspond ) ! columns ( ! ,giant's ,causeway1 & ^? ( mo/ o!r basaltic gr\ps4 ,b ! columns ( ,monte ,rosso are 9 ^! respects v diff]5t1 hav+ n only a v r\gh 7& sometimes knotty7 surface1 b display+ likewise1 :5 brok51 a v>iegat$ color & unequal texture ( p>ts4 ,!y are commonly speckl$1 m or less di/9ctly1 & resemble an inf]ior sort ( granite1 ( :i* ,monte ,rosso is itself =m$1 & :i* s]ves z a base to ! range ( columns 9 "q4 ,x is1 9 g5]al1 n q s h>d z ! alp9e & ori5tal granites1 & is sometimes ev5 friable4 ,?is species ( granite ab\nds 9 ,france1 :]e l>ge tracts ( x are to be se5 9 ,auv]gne1 & ! adjo9+ regions4 ,b x is /ill m common 9 ,italy1 see+ t1 besides ,monte ,rosso1 ! bulk ( ! ,euganean hills1 ( :i* t is a "p1 pr9cipally consi/s ( x2 & ^! hills occupy a consid]able tract 9 ! pla9s ( ,lomb>dy4 ,x is also common 9 ! ,roman & ,tuscan /ates2 & ( ?is sub/ance ! m\nta9 close to ,vit]bo1 on ! road to ,rome1 is entirely compos$4 ,! columns ( ,monte ,rosso appe>1 !re=e1 ( a diff]5t "* f any hi!rto describ$ by m9]alogi/s1 :o m5tion ^? only ( an uni=m color & texture4 ,b ! great s+ul>ity "h is1 t su* a range ( prismatic columns %\ld be f\nd1 b$d$ z x 71 9 a mass ( granite1 & compos$ ne>ly ( ! same sub/ance4 ,an in/ance ( ?is k9d1 relative to any o!r causeway1 is n record$2 & ?is circum/ance seems to r5d] t ( ,monte ,rosso1 9 "o respect at lea/1 m curi\s & s+ul> ?an ! celebrat$ ,giant's ,causeway is kn[n to be1 f ! regul> articulation ( its columns4 ,x is c]ta91 t ! basaltic gr\p ( ,monte ,rosso is n only highly curi\s 9 itself1 b int]e/+ on acc\nt ( ! great light x ?r[s on ! orig9 ( granites 9 g5]al4 ,x is likewise rem>kable1 t ! columns 9 ! two gr\ps ( ,monte ,rosso & ,monte del ,diavolo1 pres]ve respectively ! same position1 ne>ly p>allel to ea* o!r2 :i* is n usually ! case 9 basaltic gr\ps4 ,=1 al?\gh ! pr9cipal aggregate ( :i* ! ,giant's ,causeway is =m$1 /&s 9 a direction p]p5dicul> to ! horizon1 /ill o!r small deta*$ gr\ps ( columns also appe> on ! em95ce above1 assum+ by _! position diff]5t degrees ( obliquity4 ,among ! num]\s basaltic hills ( ,auv]gne & ! adjo9+ regions1 9 ,france1 ph5om5a :i* seem to ab\nd 9 ^? prov9ces m ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ,europe1 &1 p]haps1 ( ! kn[n globe1 no?+ is m common ?an to see ! columns ( ! same gr\p ly+ 9 all possible directions1 z irregul>ly almo/ z ! prisms 9 a mass ( common cry/al4 ,nor is ?is v>iety ( position s obs]vable 9 s+le columns z 9 :ole masses or ranges ( !m1 t (t5 pres5t !mselves on ! same hill1 dispos$ 9 diff]5t /rata or /ages1 z x 71 "o above ! o!r1 _m ( !m assum+ v diff]5t1 & ev5 opposite directions4 ,! columns ( ! ,monte del ,diavolo are b$d$ 9 a k9d ( volcanic s&1 by :i*1 9 _m p>ts ( ! hill1 !y are entirely cov]$3 x is probable1 h[ev]1 t !y repose b5ea? on a base ( basaltic rock ( a simil> nature4 ,no?+ is m common1 9 ! prov9ces ( ,france1 above m5tion$1 ?an to see insulat$ basaltic hills almo/ exclusively compos$ ( diff]5t lay]s ( columns1 :i* pres5t !mselves 9 /ages1 "o above ! o!r1 (t5 )\t any o!r /ratum betwe5 !m1 resembl+ 9 "s measure1 if ! comp>ison c be all[$1 a huge pile or /ack ( cleft wood4 ,al?\gh ! column> cry/allization ( ,monte ,rosso is ! only "o yet kn[n or describ$1 9 a mass ( granite1 /ill o!r gr\ps ( columns h else:]e be5 met )1 :i* are equally ( a het]og5e\s sub/ance or texture1 h[ev] !y may o!rwise diff] f ^? ( ,monte ,rosso1 z well z f ! common basalts4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,natural ,,bridges4 ------------------------------------ ,,natural ,,bridges ,,( ,,icononzo4 ,amid ! maje/ic & v>i$ sc5]y ( ! ,cordill]as ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 t ( _! valleys mo/ =cibly /rikes ! imag9ation ( =eign travel]s4 ,! enorm\s hight ( ^! m\nta9s is n discov]able b at a consid]able di/ance1 & :ile ! spectator is on "o ( ^? pla9s :i* ext5d f ! sea-coa/s to ! foot ( ! c5tral *a94 ,! flats1 or table-l&s1 :i* surr\nd ! sn[-clad summits ( ! m\nta9s1 are !mselves1 = ! great] "p1 ( an elevation ( f sev5 to n9e ?\s& feet1 or ne>ly a mile & ?ree-qu>t]s1 above ! level ( ! sea4 ,?is circum/ance dim9i%es1 to a c]ta9 degree1 ! impression ( greatness produc$ by ! colossal masses ( ,*imborazo1 ,cotopaxi1 ,pi*9*a1 c41 :5 se5 f ! flats ( ,riobamba1 or f ^? ( ,quito4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 ) ! valleys z ) ! m\nta9s3 deep] & n>r[] ?an ^? ( ! ,alps & ! ,pyr5ees1 ! valleys ( ! ,cordill]as pres5t situations /ill m wild ?an ^!1 & m adapt$ to fill ! s\l ) admiration & ) t]ror4 ,fissures & *asms pres5t !mselves1 hav+ _! bottoms & sides ornam5t$ ) a vigor\s vegetation1 & ( su* a dep?1 t ,vesuvius & ! ,puy-de-,dome might be plac$ )9 sev]al ( !m1 & n %[ _! summits above ! edge ( ! neighbor+ m\nta9s4 ,9 pass+ along ! back ( ! ,&es1 f ,pa/o to ,villa d',ib>ra1 & 9 desc5d+ ! ,loxa t[>d ! banks ( ! riv] ,amazon1 ! travel] rea*es ! celebrat$ fissures ( ,*ota & ,cutaco1 ! =m] ( :i* is ne>ly a mile1 & ! latt] upw>d ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile1 9 p]p5dicul> dep?4 ,to give a m complete idea ( ! gr&eur ( ^! geological ph5om5a1 x %\ld be obs]v$1 t ! bottoms ( ^! fissures are by "o-f\r? only1 less elevat$ above ! level ( ! sea1 ?an ! passages ( ,/4 ,go?>d & ,m\nt ,c5is4 ,! valley ( ,icononzo1 or ( ,p&i1 is less rem>kable = its dim5sions1 ?an = ! extraord9>y =m ( its rocks1 :i* appe> z if %ap$ by ! h& ( man4 ,_! nak$ & b>r5 summits =m ! mo/ picturesque contra/s ) ! tufts ( trees & h]bace\s vegetables :i* cov] ! edges ( ! fissure4 ,! little torr5t :i* has work$ itself a passage ?r\gh ! valley ( ,icononzo1 be>s ! "n ( ,rio de la ,summa ,paz4 ,x desc5ds f ! ea/]n *a9 ( ! ,&es1 :i*1 ) ! republic ( ,new ,gr5ada1 sep>ates ! bas9 ( ! riv] ( ,magdel5a f ! va/ pla9s ( ! ,meta1 ,guavi>e & ,oronoco4 ,?is torr5t1 conf9$ )9 a b$ almo/ inaccessible1 c\ld n h be5 cross$ )\t _m difficulties1 _h n ,nature h]self =m$ ,,two ,,bridges ,,( ,,rocks1 :i* are ju/ly reg>d$ 9 ! c\ntry z among ! objects mo/ wor?y ( ! att5tion ( travel]s4 ,^! ,,natural ,,bridges are on ! r\te f ,bogota to ,popayan & ,quito4 ,icononzo is ! "n ( an anci5t village ( ,muyscas ,indians1 situat$ on ! s\? side ( ! valley1 & ( :i* sc>cely any ve/ige n[ rema9s1 except a few scatt]$ huts4 ,! ne>e/ inhabit$ place to ?is rem>kable spot is ! little village ( ,p&i1 or ,m]cadillo1 di/ant ab\t a mile4 ,! road f ,bogota to ,fusagasuga1 & !nce to ,p&i1 is "o ( ! mo/ difficult & lea/ beat5 to be met ) 9 ! ,&es4 ,none b ^? :o passionately love ! beauties ( ,nature1 w\ld fail to pref] ! usual road :i* leads f ! flat ( ,bogota to ! banks ( ! ,magdel5a1 to ! p]il\s desc5t f ! ,p>amo de ,san-,=tunato1 & ! m\nta9s ( ,fusagasuga1 t[>d ! natural bridges ( ,icononzo4 ,! deep *asm ?r\gh :i* ! torr5t ( ,summa ,paz precipitates itself1 occupies ! c5t] ( ! valley ( ,icononzo4 ,ne> ! fir/ natural bridge1 x ma9ta9s1 = a l5g? ( ne>ly f\r-fif?s ( a mile1 a direction f ea/ to we/4 ,! riv] =ms two f9e cascades1 ! "o at ! spot :]e x ent]s ! *asm on ! we/ ( ,doa1 & ! o!r at t :]e x leaves x1 9 desc5d+ t[>d ,melg>4 ,x is possible t ?is *asm1 :i* resembles1 b on an enorm\s scale1 ! gall]y ( a m9e1 may h be5 ! result ( an e>?quake1 & t1 at its =mation1 ! compact b$ ( qu>tz1 compos+ ! sup]ior /ratum ( rock1 _h resi/$ ! =ce :i* tore asund] ^! m\nta9s4 ,! un9t]rupt$ cont9uation ( ?is qu>tzose b$ w\ld ?us =m ! bridge1 :i* af=ds a passage f "o "p ( ! valley to ! o!r4 ,?is surpris+ natural ar* is =ty-eight feet 9 l5g?1 =ty 9 wid?1 & eight feet 9 ?ickness at ! c5t]4 ,by exp]im5ts c>efully made on ! fall ( bodies1 its hight above ! level ( ! wat] ( ! torr5t1 has be5 asc]ta9$ to be ab\t ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty feet4 ,! dep? ( ! torr5t at ! mean hight ( ! wat]1 may be e/imat$ at tw5ty feet4 ,! ,indians ( ! valley ( ,icononzo1 = ! security ( travel]s1 h =m$ a f5ce ( re$s1 :i* ext5ds to ! road lead+ to ?is fir/ natural bridge4 ,at ! di/ance ( sixty feet bel[ is ano!r1 to :i* ! travel] is conduct$ by a pa? desc5d+ along ! edge ( ! *asm4 ,?ree enorm\s masses ( rock h fall5 into su* positions z enable !m reciprocally to support ea* o!r4 ,! "o 9 ! c5t] =ms ! key ( ! vault1 an accid5t :i* may h convey$ to ! natives ( ?is spot an idea ( ar*$ masonry1 :i* 0 unkn[n to ! p ( ! new _w1 z well z to ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,egypt4 ,x is unc]ta9 :e!r ^! portions ( rock h be5 project$ f a di/ance1 or are m]ely ! fragm5ts ( an ar* :i* has be5 de/roy$ on ! spot1 b :i* 0 orig9ally simil> to ! upp] natural bridge4 ,?is la/ supposition is r5d]$ probable by an analog\s accid5t1 obs]vable 9 ! ,coliseum at ,rome1 :]e !re are se51 9 a wall half-fall51 sev]al /ones :i* 7 arre/$ 9 _! desc5t1 because 9 fall+ !y happ5$ to =m an ar*4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is second natural bridge is an ap]ture ( ab\t tw5ty-five feet 9 e direction1 ?r\gh :i* ! eye rea*es ! bottom ( ! abyss4 ,! torr5t appe>s to run into a d>k cav]n1 :5ce a m\rnful s\nd proce$s1 =m$ by ! cries ( an inf9ity ( nocturnal birds :i* inhabit ! *asm1 & :i* at fir/ sight may be tak5 = ^? bats ( a mon/r\s size1 s well kn[n 9 ! equ9octial regions4 ,!y c only be p]ceiv$ by ! help ( light$ br&s1 ?r[n into ! *asm to illum9ate its sides2 & ?\s&s ( !m may ?us be di/+ui%$1 skimm+ along ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,_! plumage is uni=mly ( a br[n gray color2 & ,m4 ,humboldt1 f ^: acc\nt ^! p>ticul>s are extract$1 0 assur$ by ! ,indians1 t ^! hi!rto undescrib$ birds are ( ! size ( a *ick51 ) ! eyes ( an owl1 & a curv$ beak4 ,on acc\nt ( ! dep? ( ! valley1 x 0 impossible to obta9 a ne> view ( !m4 ,! elevation ( ! bridges ( ,icononzo1 ^! surpris+ productions ( nature1 above ! level ( ! ocean1 is two ?\s& sev5 hundr$ feet1 some:at m ?an half a mile4 ,9 conclud+ 8 description ( !m1 ,m4 ,humboldt has notic$ sev]al o!r natural bridges1 among :i* is t 9 ,virg9ia1 notic$ m p>ticul>ly bel[4 ,he consid]s ?is1 z well z ! bridge ( e>?1 call$ ,rumi*aca1 :i* is on ! declivity ( ! porphyritic m\nta9s ( ,*umban1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica2 toge!r ) ! bridge ( ,madre de ,dios1 nam$ ,dantcu1 ne> ,totonilco1 9 ,mexico2 & ! p]=at$ rock ne> ,gr&ola1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,alemtejo1 9 ,portugal1 z geological ph5om5a1 :i* h "s resemblance to ! natural bridges ( ,icononzo2 b he d\bts :e!r1 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w1 !re has yet be5 discov]$ an accid5tal arrangem5t s extraord9>y z t ( ?ree masses ( rock1 :i*1 reciprocally su/a9+ ea* o!r1 =m a natural ar*4 ,,natural ,,bridge ,,9 ,,virg9ia4 ,?is natural bridge1 :i* has be5 describ$ by ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 & _m o!r writ]s1 is "o ( ! mo/ sublime productions ( nature1 z well z "o ( ! great curiosities & wond]s ( ! _w4 ,x is situat$ 9 ,rockbridge c\nty1 9 ,virg9ia1 on ! asc5t ( a hill :i* seems to h be5 clov5 ?r\gh its l5g? by "s mighty convulsion4 ,x consi/s ( a /up5d\s ar* ( lime/one1 spann+ a small /ream1 call$ ,c$> creek4 ,its hight above ! /ream to ! top1 is two hundr$ & fifte5 feet2 its av]age wid?1 eighty feet2 its extreme l5g? at ! top1 n9ety-?ree feet2 & its ?ickness1 f ! "u to ! upp] side1 fifty-five feet4 ,! *asm ov] :i* x passes1 is fifty feet wide at ! bottom1 & n9ety feet at ! top4 ,! view f ! top is exce$+ly gr& & impressive2 f bel[1 equally sublime & m int]e/+1 because dive/$ ( associations ( fe>4 ,! bridge is ( important use1 =m+ a road ov] ?is imm5se *asm1 :i* is n o!rwise passable = sev]al miles 9 ei!r direction4 ,! top ( ! bridge is cov]$ ) a coat ( e>?1 :i* af=ds gr[? to _m l>ge trees4 ,! residue1 ) ! hill on bo? sides1 is a solid rock ( lime/one4 ,! ar*1 z is se5 9 ! engrav+ ( ! bridge1 approa*es ! semi-elliptical =m2 ?\gh ! l>g] axis ( ! ellipsis1 :i* w\ld be ! *ord ( ! ar*1 is _m times long] ?an its transv]se4 ,al?\gh ! sides ( ?is bridge are provid$ 9 "s p>ts ) a p>apet ( rocks1 yet few p]sons h suffici5t resolution to /& on !m1 & look ov] into ! abyss4 ,! pass5g] involunt>ily falls on 8 h&s1 creeps to ! p>apet & peeps ov] x4 ,look+ d[n f ?is hight1 = ! space ( a m9ute1 occasions gidd9ess & sometimes heada*e4 ,b if ! view f above be s pa9ful z n long to be borne1 t f b5ea? is delightful 9 ! extreme4 ,x is impossible = ! emotions aris+ f ! sublime1 to be felt 9 a great] degree ?an at ?is spot4 ,! s5sations ( ! spectator c n be describ$1 :5 he surveys an ar* at once s beautiful1 s elevat$1 & s light1 spr++ up1 z x 71 to heav56 ,illu/ration ,?is gr& natural bridge1 z already m5tion$1 is ( lime/one2 & ?is is s s(t t x may easily be cut ) a knife4 ,9 ?is fact !re may be a f\ndation = ! foll[+ int]e/+1 ?\gh some:at ov]drawn sket*1 f ! graphic p5 ( ,elihu ,burritt1 design$ to illu/rate ! effect ( p]sev]ance & an honorable ambition4 8,! sc5e op5s ) a view ( ! great natural bridge 9 ,virg9ia4 ,!re are ?ree or f\r lads /&+ 9 ! *annel bel[1 look+ up ) awe to t va/ ar* ( unhewn rocks1 :i* ! ,almighty bridg$ ov] ^? ev]la/+ butm5ts #8:5 ! morn+ />s sang toge!r4' ,! little piece ( sky spann+ ^? measureless pi]s1 is full ( />s1 al?\gh x is midday4 ,x is almo/ five hundr$ feet f :]e !y /&1 up ^? p]p5dicul> bulw>ks ( lime/one1 to ! key-rock ( t va/ ar*1 :i* appe>s to !m only ( ! size ( a man's h&4 ,! sil5ce ( dea? is r5d]$ m impressive by ! little /ream t falls f rock to rock d[n ! *annel4 ,! sun is d>k5$1 & ! boys h unconsci\sly uncov]$ _! heads1 z if /&+ 9 ! pres5ce-*amb] ( ! ,maje/y ( ! :ole e>?4 ,at la/1 ?is feel+ beg9s to we> away2 !y look ar\nd1 & f9d t o!rs h be5 !re be=e !m4 ,!y see ! names ( hundr$s cut 9 ! lime/one butm5ts4 ,a new feel+ comes ov] _! "y he>ts1 & _! knives are 9 _! h&s 9 an in/ant4 #8,:at man has done1 man c d1' is _! wat*word1 :ile !y draw !mselves up1 & c>ve _! names a foot above ^? ( a hundr$ full-gr[n m5 :o h be5 !re be=e !m4 ,!y are all satisfi$ ) ?is feat ( physical ex]tion1 except "o1 ^: example illu/rates p]fectly ! =gott5 tru?1 t !re is no royal road to intellectual em95ce4 ,?is ambiti\s y\? sees a "n j above 8 rea*1 a "n t w be gre5 9 ! memory ( ! _w1 :5 ^? ( ,alex&]1 ,cs>1 & ,bonap>te1 %all rot 9 oblivion4 ,x 0 ! "n ( ,wa%+ton4 ,be=e he m>*$ ) ,braddock to t fatal field1 he _h be5 !re1 & left 8 "n a foot above all 8 pr$ecessors4 ,x 0 a glori\s ?\ght ( ! boy1 to write 8 "n side by side ) t ( ! great fa!r ( 8 c\ntry4 ,he grasps 8 knife ) a firm] h&2 &1 cl++ to a little jutt+ crag1 he cuts aga9 into ! lime/one1 ab\t a foot above :]e he /&s2 he !n rea*es up & cuts ano!r = 8 h&s4 ',tis a dang]\s adv5ture2 b z he puts 8 feet & h&s into ^? ga9s1 & draws himself up c>efully to 8 full l5g?1 he f9ds himself a foot above e "n *ronicl$ 9 t mighty wall4 ,:ile 8 companions are reg>d+ him ) conc]n & admiration1 he cuts 8 "n 9 rude capitals1 l>ge & deep1 into t rocky album4 ,8 knife is 9 8 h&1 & /r5g? 9 8 s9ews1 & a new creat$ aspiration 9 8 he>t4 ,aga9 he cuts ano!r ni*e1 & aga9 he c>ves 8 "n 9 l>g] capitals4 ,?is is n en\gh4 ,he$less ( ! entreaties ( 8 companions1 he cuts & climbs aga94 ,! graduations ( 8 asc5d+ scale gr[ wid] ap>t4 ,he measures 8 l5g? at e ga9 he cuts4 ,! voices ( 8 fri5ds wax weak] & weak]1 till _! words are f9ally lo/ on 8 e>4 ,he n[ = ! fir/ "t ca/s a look b5ea? him4 ,_h t glance la/$ a mom5t1 t mom5t w\ld h be5 8 la/4 ,he cl+s ) a convulsive %udd] to 8 little ni*e 9 ! rock4 ,an awful abyss awaits 8 almo/ c]ta9 fall4 ,he is fa9t ) sev]e ex]tion1 & trembl+ f ! sudd5 view ( ! dreadful de/ruction to :i* he is expos$4 ,8 knife is worn half-way to ! haft4 ,he c he> ! voices1 b n ! words1 ( 8 t]ror-/rick5 companions bel[4 ,:at a mom5t6 ,:at a meag] *ance to escape de/ruction6 ,!re is no retrac+ 8 /eps4 ,x is impossible to put 8 h&s into ! same ni*e ) 8 feet1 & reta9 8 sl5d] hold a mom5t4 ,8 companions in/antly p]ceive ?is new & fe>ful dilemma1 & await 8 fall ) emotions t #8freeze _! "y blood4' ,he is too high1 too fa9t1 to ask = 8 fa!r & "m1 8 bro!rs & si/]s1 to come & witness or av]t 8 de/ruction4 ,b "o ( 8 companions anticipates 8 desire4 ,swift z ! w9d1 he b\nds d[n ! *annel1 & ! situation ( ! fat$ boy is told ^u 8 fa!r's he>?-/one4 8,m9utes ( almo/ et]nal l5g? roll on1 & !re are hundr$s /&+ 9 t rocky *annel1 & hundr$s on ! bridge above1 all hold+ _! brea?1 & await+ ! fe>ful cata/rophe4 ,! poor boy he>s ! hum ( new & num]\s voices bo? above & bel[4 ,he c j di/+ui% ! tones ( 8 fa!r1 :o is %\t+ ) all ! en]gy ( despair1 #8,william6 ,william6 ,don't look d[n6 ,y\r "m1 & ,h5ry1 & ,h>riet are all "h1 pray+ = y6 ,don't look d[n6 ,keep y\r eye t[>d ! top6' ,! boy didn't look d[n4 ,8 eye is fix$ l a fl9t t[>d heav51 & 8 "y he>t on ,him :o reigns !re4 ,he grasps aga9 8 knife4 ,he cuts ano!r ni*e1 & ano!r foot is add$ to ! hundr$s t remove him f ! rea* ( human help f bel[4 ,h[ c>efully he uses 8 wa/+ blade6 ,h[ anxi\sly he selects ! s(te/ places 9 t va/ pi]6 ,h[ he avoids e fl9ty gra96 ,h[ he economizes 8 physical p[]s6 re/+ a mom5t at ea* ga9 he cuts4 ,h[ e motion is wat*$ f bel[6 ,!re /& 8 fa!r1 "m1 bro!r1 si/]1 on ! v spot :]e1 if he falls1 he w n fall alone4 ,! sun is n[ half-way d[n ! we/4 ,! lad has made fifty additional ni*es 9 t mighty wall1 & n[ f9ds himself directly "u ! middle ( t va/ ar* ( rocks1 e>? & trees4 ,he mu/ cut 8 way 9 a new direction1 to get f "u ?is ov]hang+ m\nta94 ,! inspiration ( hope is dy+ 9 8 bosom2 its vital heat is f$ by ! increas+ %\ts ( hundr$s p]*$ ^u cliffs & trees1 & o!rs :o /& ) ropes 9 _! h&s on ! bridge above1 or ) ladd]s bel[4 ,fifty ga9s m mu/ be cut be=e ! longe/ rope c rea* him4 ,8 wa/+ blade /rikes aga9 into ! lime/one4 ,! boy is em]g+ pa9fully1 foot by foot1 f "u t l(ty ar*4 ,splic$ ropes are ready 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o are lean+ ov] ! out] edge ( ! bridge4 ,two m9utes m1 & all w be ov]4 ,t blade is worn to ! la/ half-in*4 ,! boy's head reels2 8 eyes are />t+ f _! sockets4 ,8 la/ hope is dy+ 9 8 he>t2 8 life mu/ hang ^u ! next ga9 he cuts4 ,t ni*e is 8 la/4 ,at ! la/ fa9t ga% he makes1 8 knife1 8 fai?ful knife1 falls f 8 little n]veless h&1 &1 r++ along ! precipice1 falls at 8 "m's feet4 ,an involunt>y groan ( despair runs l a dea?-knell ?r\gh ! *annel bel[1 & all is /ill z ! grave4 ,at ! hight ( ne>ly ?ree hundr$ feet1 ! devot$ boy lifts 8 hopeless he>t & clos+ eyes to comm5d 8 s\l to ,god4 ',tis b a mom5t--!re6--"o foot sw+s (f6--he is reel+--trembl+--toppl+ ov] into et]nity6 ,h>k6 a %\t falls on 8 e> f above6 ,! man :o is ly+ ) half 8 l5g? ov] ! bridge1 has caught a glimpse ( ! boy's head & %\ld]s4 ,quick z ?\ght1 ! noos$ rope is )9 rea* ( ! s9k+ y\?4 ,no "o brea!s4 ,) a fa9t1 convulsive ef=t1 ! swoon+ boy drops 8 arms into ! noose4 ,d>kness comes ov] him1 & ) ! words1 ,god6 & ,"m6 :isp]$ on 8 lips j l\d en\gh to be he>d 9 heav51 ! tight5+ rope lifts him out ( 8 la/ %all[ ni*e4 ,n a lip moves :ile he is dangl+ ov] t fe>ful abyss2 b :5 a /urdy ,virg9ian rea*es d[n & draws up ! lad1 & holds him up 9 8 arms be=e ! te>ful1 brea?less multitude1 su* %\t+ & leap+ & weep+ = joy1 nev] greet$ ! e> ( a human be+ s recov]$ f ! yawn+ gulf ( et]nity40 ,we w only add be=e leav+ ! subject ( natural bridges1 t ! "o 9 ,virg9ia is n1 z has be5 g5]ally suppos$1 ! only geological wond] ( ! k9d 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ,c>t] c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 !re is a natural bridge across ! ,rockbridge bran* ( ! ,cany =k ( ,little ,s&y4 ,x has a span ( "o hundr$ & n9ety-five feet1 & is twelve feet wide1 tw5ty feet ?ick 9 ! middle ( ! ar*1 & "o hundr$ & sev5 feet above ! wat]4 ,9 ! c\nty ( ,walk]1 9 ,alabama1 !re is ano!r simil> natural curiosity1 :i* 0 discov]$ 9 a rec5t geological exploration4 ,! span is "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 & ! hight ne>ly sev5ty feet4 ,?is bridge is =m$ ( s&/one1 & is v symmetrical4 ,l>ge bee* & hemlock trees gr[ on ! bridge1 & ! surr\nd+ sc5]y is repres5t$ z sublime4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,precipices ,,& ,,promontories4 ------------------------------------ ,,bessely ,,ghaut4 ,! precipit\s pa?ways :i* frequ5tly occur 9 ! ,indian ,ap5n9es1 a *a9 ( m\nta9s ext5d+ along ! we/]n or ,malab> coa/s ( ! p59sula1 are call$ ghauts2 & ( ^! abrupt & p]p5dicul> precipices1 ,bessely ghaut is consid]$ z ! mo/ romantic4 ,x is admirably describ$ 9 ! travels ( ,"l ,val5tia1 f :i* ! foll[+ p>ticul>s are extract$4 ,on ent]+ ! defiles ( ! *a9 ( m\nta9s by :i* ! table-l& ( ,mysore is sep>at$ f ! l[ c\ntry ( ,can>a & ,malab>1 ! sc5]y becomes extremely wild & romantic4 ,hav+ rea*$ ,purneah ,*uttoor1 situat$ on ! summit ( ?is celebrat$ ghaut1 8 lord%ip began 8 desc5t at ?ree 9 ! morn+1 by a road =m$ ) great labor out ( a b$ ( loose rock1 ov] :i* ! torr5ts ( ! prec$+ w9t] _h run ) su* =ce1 z to wa% away all ! s(t] p>ts1 & 9 sev]al places to leave s+le rocks1 ( f\r or five feet diamet]1 /&+ 9 ! c5t] ( ! road1 & n m ?an two feet asund]4 ,he alight$ f 8 palanqu9 to admire ! sublimity ( ! sc5e1 & ent]$ a =e/ ( ! l>ge/ ori5tal trees1 sev]al ( :i* 7 "o hundr$ feet 9 ! /em be=e a s+le bran* ext5d$ itself2 not)/&+ :i*1 ! desc5t 0 s /eep1 t he 0 frequ5tly on a level ) _! tops1 at s small a di/ance z to be able to di/+ui% !m1 by ! gleam ( ! num]\s tor*es by :i* 8 p>ty 0 accompani$1 b :i* 7 insuffici5t to enlight5 ! imp5etrable canopy ( foliage :i* = miles conceal$ ! face ( heav51 or ! deep gloom ( ! abyss into :i* he appe>$ to desc5d4 ,9 ! day-"t ! sc5e c\ld n h be5 half s awful or magnific5t4 ,! desc5t 0 imp$$ by num]\s droves ( ox5 :i* 7 asc5d+ ! ghaut4 ,at break ( day an op5+1 9 a w9d+ "p ( ! road1 display$ ! l(ty m\nta9 ! p>ty _h desc5d$1 cov]$ ) =e/s ne>ly to its summit4 ,!y pass$ sev]al rivulets1 :i* at "o spot _h unit$1 & =m$ a small /ream4 ,! surr\nd+ vegetation 0 ri*ly v>iegat$2 & ! bran*es ( ! l(tie/ trees cov]$ by plants ( ! p>asitical tribe4 ,! inhabitants ( a small village1 9 ! c5t] ( ?is imm5se =e/1 7 employ$ 9 ?ra%+ _! gra9 9 a truly patri>*al mann]3 on a floor ( h>d e>? ! gra9 0 trodd5 out by ox51 :i*1 agreeably to ! ,mosaical law1 7 unmuzzl$4 ,,! ,,cape ,,( ,,! ,,w9ds4 ,! =tress ( ,mankoop1 9 ! ,crimea1 is ( a v extraord9>y magnitude1 & may be describ$ z be+ lit]ally /ation$ on ! cl\ds4 ,x cov]s ! summit ( a semicircul> insulat$ m\nta91 :i*1 f its frightful aspect1 its altitude1 & craggy p]p5dicul> sides1 indep5d5tly ( e o!r consid]ation ?an z a surpris+ "w ( nature1 fills ! m9d ) wond] on ent]+ ! defile4 ,9 ?is s+ul> situation1 :]e !re are no visible means ( asc5t t[>d ! hight1 & /ill less ( convey+ ! necess>y mat]ials = ! completion ( s a/oni%+ a "w1 ! ,g5oese con/ruct$ ?is citadel1 p]haps )\t a p>allel 9 ,europe1 ! result ( _! weal?1 address & ent]prise4 ,be+ at a remote di/ance f ! coa/1 x is natural to conjecture t x 0 employ$ to curb ! ho/ile _s ( ! natives t[>d ! m>itime colonial possessions4 ,! late/ possessors ( ?is =tress 7 ,jews1 9 ! cemet]y ( ^: colony ! travel] meets ) ru9$ tombs ( m>ble & /one1 ly+ b5ea? ! trees he has to pass 9 8 asc5t4 ,! :ole ( ! passage up ! m\nta9 is /eep & difficult2 nor is x r5d]$ m practicable by ! amaz+ labors ( its orig9al possessors1 ^: dilapidat$ works occur almo/ at e /ep4 ,on rea*+ ! summit1 cav]ns & gloomy gall]ies1 p]=at$ 9 ! rock1 pres5t on e side _! d>k m\?s4 ,on ! mo/ elevat$ "p ( ?is extraord9>y em95ce1 is a beautiful pla91 cov]$ ) f9e turf3 x is p>tly f5c$ 9 by ! mold]+ wall ( ! =tress1 b o!rwise op5 to ! surr\nd+ precipices4 ,f ?is spot ! adjac5t m\nta9s1 valleys1 hills1 woods & villages1 may be disc]n$4 8,:ile10 obs]ves ! travel] by :om ^! details are suppli$1 8) dismay & caution we crept on our h&s & knees to look ov] ! br9k ( ^! fe>ful hights1 a half-clad ,t>t>1 wild z ! w9ds ( ! nor?1 m\nt$ )\t a saddle1 & )\t any o!r bridle except ! twi/$ /em ( a wild v9e1 on a colt equally unsubdu$1 gallop$ to ! v edge ( ! precipice1 :]e1 z 8 horse /ood pranc+ on ! bord]s ( et]nity1 he amus$ himself ) po9t+ out to u ! diff]5t places 9 ! va/ di/rict :i* ! eye comm&$4 ,we ent]$ "o ( ! excavat$ *amb]s1 a small squ>e ap>tm5t1 :i* l$ to ano!r on our "r h&2 &1 on our left1 a n>r[ passage conduct$ u to an op5 balcony1 ) a p>apet 9 front1 =m$ ( ! rock1 on ! v face ( "o ( ! pr9cipal precipices1 :5ce ! dep? bel[ might be contemplat$ ) less dang]4 ,! vultures :i* hov]$ ov] ! valleys did n appe> l>g] ?an swall[s2 & ! tops ( ! hills1 cov]$ by tuft$ woods1 ) ! villages scatt]$ amid ! rocks & defiles1 appe>$ at s intimidat+ a dep?1 t ! blood *ill$ at ! view4 ,at l5g?1 be+ conduct$ to ! nor?-ea/]n po9t ( ! cresc5t1 t be+ ! %ape ( ! summit on :i* ! =tress ( ,mankoop 0 built1 & desc5d+ a few /one /eps1 neatly hewn out 9 ! rock1 we ent]$ by a squ>e door ! cav]n1 call$ by ! ,t>t>s1 ! ,cape ( ! ,w9ds4 ,x has be5 *isel$1 l ! re/1 out ( ! solid /one2 b is op5 on f\r sides4 ,f ! amaz+ prospect "h comm&$ ( all ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 x probably s]v$ z a po/ ( milit>y obs]vation4 ,! ap]tures1 or w9d[s1 are l>ge ar*$ *asms 9 ! rock3 ?r\gh ^!1 a mo/ ext5sive range ( sc5]y ov] ! di/ant m\nta9s & roll+ cl\ds1 =ms a sublime spectacle4 ,!re is no?+ 9 any "p ( ,europe to surpass ! trem5d\s gr&eur ( ! place4 ,b5ea? ! cav]n is ano!r *amb] lead+ to ! sev]al cells on its diff]5t sides3 ^! h all be5 cut out ( ! same rock40 ,! p>ty1 9 desc5d+1 pursu$ a r\te1 :i*1 if !y _h tak5 9 _! asc5t1 w\ld1 our travel] obs]ves1 h af=d$ !m a view ( ! sublime/ sc5]y imag9able4 ,!y n[ pass$ b5ea? an old ar*$ gateway ( ! citadel1 once its pr9cipal entrance4 ,?is road flanks ! nor!rn side ( ! m\nta92 & ! fall into ! valley is s bold & pr(\nd1 t a s+le false /ep w\ld precipitate bo? horse & rid] headlong to x4 ,by alight+1 ! dang] is avoid$2 & ! t]ror ( ! desc5t is comp5sat$ by ! noble/ sc5]y ! eye ev] beheld4 ,x 0 d>k be=e !y rea*$ ! bottom2 & !y _h "s difficulty to rega9 ! pr9cipal road :i* leads ?r\gh ! defile1 ow+ pr9cipally to ! trees :i* project ov] all ! lanes 9 ! vic9ity ( ,t>t> villages1 & s effectually ob/ruct ! passage ( p]sons on horseback1 t !y are 9 cont9ual dang] ( be+ ?r[n4 ,! defile itself is n )\t dang] 9 c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>1 imm5se masses ( lime/one deta*+ !mselves f ! rocks above1 & c>ry+ all be=e !m 9 _! desc5t4 ,sev]al ( ^! masses1 deta*$ f ! nor!rn precipices1 _h cross$ ! riv] at ! bottom1 &1 by ! prodigi\s velocity acquir$ 9 _! desc5t1 _h actually roll$ ne>ly half-way up ! opposite side4 ,,! ,,nor? ,,cape4 ,?is cape =ms ! mo/ nor!rly po9t ( ! cont95t ( ,europe1 & may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! wond]s ( nature4 ,x is situat$ )9 ! arctic circle1 9 sev5ty-"o degrees1 t5 m9utes1 nor? latitude4 ,x has be5 accurately describ$ by a voyag]1 f ^: acc\nt ! foll[+ p>ticul>s are extract$4 ,9 approa*+ ! cape1 a little be=e midnight1 its rocks at fir/ appe>$ to be ne>ly ( an equal hight1 until !y t]m9at$ 9 a p]p5dicul> peak2 b1 on a ne>] view1 ^? )9 7 f\nd to be mu* high] ?an ^? ( ! extreme peak1 or po9t4 ,_! g5]al appe>ance 0 highly picturesque4 ,! sea1 break+ aga9/ ?is immovable ramp>t1 :i* _h )/ood its fury f ! remote/ ages1 bell[$1 & =m$ a ?ick bord] ( :ite fro?4 ,?is spectacle1 equally beautiful & gr&1 0 illum9$ by ! midnight sun2 & ! %ade :i* cov]$ ! we/]n side ( ! rocks r5d]$ _! aspect /ill m sublime & almo/ t]rific4 ,! hight ( ^! rocks c\ld n be asc]ta9$2 b "h ev]y?+ 0 on s gr& a scale1 t a po9t ( comp>ison c\ld n be af=d$ by any ord9>y kn[n objects4 ,on l&+1 ! p>ty discov]$ a grotto1 =m$ ( rocks1 ! surface ( :i* _h be5 wa%$ smoo? by ! waves1 & hav+ )9 a spr+ ( fre% wat]4 ,! only accessible spot 9 ! vic9ity 0 a hill1 "s hundr$ paces 9 circumf]5ce1 surr\nd$ by enorm\s crags4 ,f ! summit ( ?is hill1 turn+ t[>d ! sea1 !y p]ceiv$ to ! "r a prodigi\s m\nta91 atta*$ to ! cape1 & re>+ its /]ile mass to ! skies4 ,to ! left1 a neck ( l&1 cov]$ ) less elevat$ rocks1 aga9/ :i* ! surges da%$ ) viol5ce1 clos$ ! bay1 & admitt$ b a limit$ view ( ! ocean4 ,to see z f> z possible into ! int]ior1 our navigators climb$ almo/ to ! summit ( ! m\nta91 :]e a mo/ s+ul> l&scape pres5t$ itself to ! view4 ,a lake 9 ! =egr\nd _h an elevation ( at lea/ n9ety feet above ! level ( ! sea2 & on ! top ( an adjac5t1 b less l(ty m\nta91 0 ano!r lake4 ,! view 0 t]m9at$ by peak$ rocks1 *eck]$ by pat*es ( sn[4 ,at midnight ! sun /ill rema9$ sev]al degrees above ! horizon1 & cont9u$ to asc5d high] & high] till noon1 :5 hav+ aga9 desc5d$1 x pass$ ! nor?1 )\t dipp+ bel[ ! horizon4 ,?is ph5om5on1 :i* is z extraord9>y to ! inhabitants ( ! torrid & temp]ate zones1 z sn[ is to ! inhabitants ( ! torrid zone1 c\ld n be view$ )\t a p>ticul> int]e/4 ,two mon?s ( cont9u$ daylight1 dur+ :i* space ! sun nev] sets1 seem to place ! travel] 9 a new /ate ( exi/5ce2 :ile ! effect on ! inhabitants ( ^! regions is s+ul>4 ,dur+ ! "t ! sun is p]petually above ! horizon1 !y rise at t5 9 ! morn+1 d9e at five or six 9 ! ev5+1 & g to b$ at "o4 ,b1 dur+ ! w9t] season1 :51 f ! beg9n+ ( ,decemb] until ! end ( ,janu>y1 ! sun nev] rises1 !y sleep above half ( ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & employ ! o!r half 9 sitt+ ov] ! fire1 all bus9ess be+ at an end1 & a con/ant d>kness prevail+4 ,! cause ( ?is ph5om5on1 z x affects ! nor!rn & s\!rn regions ( ! e>?1 may be readily und]/ood4 ,! sun always illum9es half ! e>? at once1 & %9es on e side n9ety degrees f ! place :]e he is v]tical4 ,:5 he is v]tical ov] ! equator1 or equidi/ant f bo? poles1 he %9es z f> z ea* pole2 & ?is happ5s 9 spr+ & autumn4 ,b1 z he decl9es to ! nor? 9 summ]1 he %9es beyond ! nor? pole1 & all ! c\ntries ne> t pole turn r\nd 9 p]petual sun%9e3 :ile at ! same "t1 he leaves ! s\? pole an equal numb] ( degrees1 s t ^? p>ts turn r\nd 9 d>kness4 ,,precipices ,,( ,,san ,,antonia4 ,! m\nta9 ( ,san ,antonia1 on ! r\te f ,guyaquil to ,quito1 is describ$ by ,ulloa z pres5t+ a s]ies ( ! mo/ fe>ful precipices4 ,9 cross+ ?is m\nta91 ! declivity 0 9 "s p>ts s great1 t ! mules c\ld n h kept _! foot+1 _h n ! pa?s be5 fill$ ) holes1 upw>d ( two feet 9 dep?1 9 :i* ! mules plac$ _! =e & h9d] feet1 occasionally dragg+ _! bellies1 & ! legs ( ! rid]1 along ! gr\nd4 ,)\t ^! holes :i* s]ve z /eps1 ! precipice w\ld n be practicable4 ,%\ld ! creature happ51 h[ev]1 to place 8 foot betwe5 two ( ^! holes1 or to falt] 9 ! slighte/ degree1 ! rid] w\ld fall1 & p]i% inevitably4 ,to less5 ! difficulties & dang]s ( ^! craggy pa?s1 ! ,indians :o g be=e ! travel]s1 dig small tr5*es across4 ,! desc5t f ! hights 0 a task ( imm95t dang]4 ,ow+ to ! excessive /eepness1 ! wat] _h wa%$ away a great] "p ( ! holes2 :ile1 on ! "o side 7 /eep em95ces1 & on ! o!r1 ! mo/ frightful abysses4 ,! mules 7 !mselves s5sible ( ! caution requisite 9 desc5d+2 =1 on rea*+ ! top ( an em95ce1 !y /opp$1 & hav+ plac$ _! =e feet close toge!r1 z 9 a po/ure ( /opp+ !mselves1 !y also plac$ _! h9d] feet toge!r a little =w>d1 z if go+ to lie d[n4 ,9 ?is attitude1 hav+1 z x 71 tak5 a survey ( ! road1 !y slid d[n ) great swiftness to ! bottom4 ,all ! rid] _h to d1 0 to keep himself fa/ 9 8 saddle1 )\t *eck+ 8 bea/2 z ! slighte/ motion w\ld h be5 suffici5t to de/roy its equilibrium1 & bo? w\ld h inevitably p]i%$4 ,! address ( ! creatures 0 truly wond]ful1 =1 9 ?is rapid motion1 :5 !y seem$ to h lo/ all gov]nm5t ( !mselves1 !y foll[$ exactly ! diff]5t w9d+s ( ! road1 z if !y _h previ\sly reconnoit]$1 & settl$ 9 _! m9ds ! r\te !y 7 to foll[1 & tak5 e precaution = _! safety1 amid s _m irregul>ities4 ,! safety ( ! rid] dep5d$ entirely on _! exp]i5ce & address2 b1 long z !y _h be5 accu/om$ to travel ^! roads1 !y seem$ to feel a degree ( horror on rea*+ ! top ( a /eep declivity4 ,)\t be+ *eck$ by _! rid]1 !y /opp$2 & if he inadv]t5tly endeavor$ to spur !m on1 !y 7 immovable until !y _h plac$ !mselves 9 a secure po/ure4 ,!y seem$ z if !y 7 actuat$ by reason2 = !y n only view$ ! road att5tively1 b trembl$ & snort$ at ! dang]2 emotions :i* inspir$ ! p>ty ) ! mo/ dreadful appreh5sions4 ,! ,indians w5t be=e1 &1 plac+ !mselves along ! sides ( ! m\nta91 :]e !y held by ! roots ( trees1 animat$ ! bea/s ) %\ts1 until !y at la/ />t$ d[n ! declivity4 ,!re 7 "s p>ts :]e ! declivities 7 n on ! side ( ! precipices2 b ! road 0 s n>r[ & holl[1 & ! sides s ne>ly p]p5dicul>1 t ! dang] 0 almo/ equal4 ,! track be+ extremely n>r[1 ) sc>cely a suffici5t wid? ( ! road to admit ! mule ) its rid]1 if ! =m] _h fall51 ! latt] w\ld necess>ily h be5 cru%$1 &1 = want ( room to dis5gage himself1 w\ld h be5 mutilat$ 9 8 limbs1 if he _h escap$ ) life4 ,x 0 truly wond]ful to consid] ) :at exactness ^! animals1 aft] hav+ ov]come ! fir/ emotions ( _! fe>1 & :5 !y 7 go+ to slide d[n ! declivity1 /ret*$ out _! =e-legs1 to ! end t !y might pres]ve _! equilibrium4 ,! g5tle incl9ation !y made ) ! body1 at a prop] di/ance1 9 foll[+ ! sev]al w9d+s ( ! road1 0 also a m>k ( surpris+ sagacity2 &1 la/ly1 _! address 9 /opp+ !mselves at ! end ( ! impetu\s c>e]1 0 truly des]v+ ( obs]vation4 ,great] prud5ce & conduct c\ld n h be5 exhibit$ by man6 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,geological ,,*anges ,,( ,,! ,,e>?4 ------------------------------------ ,!re are m ?+s 9 heav5 & e>? ,?an are dreamt ( 9 our philosophy4--,,%akspe>e4 ,! v>iety ( fossil sub/ances1 _m ( !m m>9e productions1 :i* are f\nd 9 m\nta9s remote f ! sea1 are und5iable pro(s t ! e>?'s surface has und]gone consid]able *anges1 "s ( :i* indicate an alt]ation ( climate n easily to be expla9$4 ,! rema9s ( animals inhabit+ hot c\ntries1 & ! m>9e productions ( hot climates1 :i* are frequ5tly f\nd 9 high nor!rn latitudes1 lead to a suspicion t ! e>?'s axis 0 at a v remote p]iod diff]5tly incl9$ f :at x is at pres5t4 ,! tropics n[ ext5d tw5ty-?ree degrees & a half on ea* side ! equator2 b if !y 7 ext5d$ to =ty-five degrees1 !n ! arctic circle & ! tropics w\ld co9cide1 & !nce w\ld arise inconceivable v>iations 9 ! productions & ph5om5a ( ! e>?4 ,all ?is w\ld =m an amus+ speculation to a p]son possess$ ( a t]re/rial globe1 :o might tie a ?read r\nd x to repres5t ! tropics at =ty-five degrees ( elevation4 ,by ! gradual op]ation ( ! sea & ( riv]s1 ! face ( ! globe has1 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 und]gone v mat]ial *anges4 ,! =m] has encroa*$ 9 p>ticul> p>ts1 & retir$ f o!rs2 & ! m\?s ( l>ge riv]s1 runn+ ?r\gh l[ c\ntries1 h (t5 be5 v>i\sly modifi$1 by a deposition & transf] ( ! matt] wa%$ d[n f ! l&4 ,at ,havre1 ! sea und]m9es ! /eep coa/2 :ile x rec$es at ,dunkirk1 :]e ! %ore is flat4 ,9 ,holl& ! ,zuyd] ,zee 0 probably =m$1 9 ! middle ages1 by cont9ual irruptions ( ! sea1 :]e only ! small lake ,flevo _h be=e exi/$4 ,! m\?s ( ! ,rh9e h be5 consid]ably alt]$1 z well 9 _! dim5sions z 9 _! directions4 ,! mud1 z x is deposit$ by l>ge riv]s1 g5]ally causes a delta1 or a triangul> piece ( l&1 to gr[ out into ! sea4 ,?us ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi is said to h advanc$ above fifty miles s9ce ! discov]y ( ,am]ica4 ,! isl& call$ ,s&y ,hook1 at ! entrance ( ! h>bor ( ,new ,york1 0 =m]ly a p59sula atta*$ to ! ma9 l&4 ,! old citiz5s ( ,new ,hav51 ,connecticut1 po9t out places :]e once boats1 & ev5 small vessels1 us$ to an*or1 b :i* are n[ at q a di/ance f ! wat] & cov]$ ) ! dwell+s ( ! inhabitants4 ,mo/ ( ! l>ge riv]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are m or less *ang+ _! banks1 & ! places ( _! *annels1 f ye> to ye>4 ,! sea1 )9 ! space ( =ty ye>s1 has retir$ m ?an a mile f ,rosetta1 9 ,egypt2 & ! m\?s ( ! ,arno1 & ( ! ,rhone1 consi/ 9 a great measure ( new l&4 ,! ,javanese h a tradition1 t 9 =m] times ! isl&s ( ,sumatra1 ,java1 ,bali & ,sumbawa1 7 unit$1 & aft]w>d sep>at$ into n9e diff]5t p>ts4 ,!y add1 t :5 ?ree ?\s& ra9y seasons %all h pass$ away1 !y w be unit$4 ,9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 geological ph5om5a ev9ce1 t ! isl& ( ,malta1 & t ( ,gozo1 its dep5d5cy1 n[ sep>at$ by a wide *annel1 & ! int]m$iate small isl& ( ,cum9o1 =m$1 toge!r ) ! latt]1 a s+le isl&4 ,by ! encroa*m5ts ( ! sea1 & ! subsid5ce ( "s p>ts ( ! l&1 ! isl&s ( ,scilly1 ! aborig9al inhabitants ( :i* c>ri$ on a consid]able trade 9 t9 ) ! ,ph5icians1 ,greeks & ,romans1 are n[ little m ?an b>r5 rocks1 ) small pat*es ( e>? int]sp]s$ 9 ! holl[s4 ,/rabo describes ! ,ph5icians z hav+ be5 s jeal\s ( _! lucrative traffic ) ^! isl&s1 t !y ran a vessel purposely on %ore1 & risk$ ! lives ( ! crew1 r ?an h x made kn[n to ! ,romans4 ,! l& )9 :i* ^! t9 m9es 7 work$1 mu/ n[ be sunk1 & buri$ b5ea? ! sea4 ,on ! %ift+ ( ! s&s betwe5 ! isl&s1 walls & ru9s are frequ5tly se52 ! diff]5ce ( level1 s9ce ^! walls or f5ces 7 made1 to prev5t ! encroa*m5ts ( ! sea1 be+ e/imat$ at sixte5 feet4 ,!re is little d\bt b t !re mu/ h be5 a subsid5ce ( ! l&1 foll[$ by a sudd5 inundation4 ,?is1 inde$1 seems to be confirm$ by tradition1 !re be+ a /rong p]suasion 9 ! we/]n p>ts ( ,cornwall1 t !re =m]ly exi/$ a l>ge c\ntry betwe5 ! ,l&'s-end & ! isl&s ( ,scilly1 n[ laid _m fa?oms "u wat]4 ,al?\gh !re are no positive evid5ces ( su* an anci5t connection betwe5 ! ma9 l& & ^! isl&s1 /ill x is extremely probable1 t ! cause ( ! inundation :i* de/roy$ ! great] "p ( !m1 may h rea*$ ! ,corni% %ores1 !re be+ sev]al pro(s ( a subsid5ce ( ! l& 9 ,m\nt's bay4 ,! pr9cipal an*or+ place1 :i* 0 call$ a lake1 is n[ a hav51 or op5 h>bor2 & ! m\nt1 f its ,corni% "n1 signify+ ! gray rock 9 a wood1 mu/ h =m]ly /ood 9 a wood1 b is n[ at full tide half a mile 9 ! sea4 ,examples ( a simil> k9d1 relative to e kn[n c\ntry1 might be multipli$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ consid]able inundations to be met ) 9 hi/ory1 is t :i* happ5$ 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,i4 & :i* ov]fl[$ ! e/ates ( ,e>l ,goodw91 =m+ ! banks call$ ! ,goodw9 or ,godw9 s&s4 ,9 ! ye> #aedf1 a simil> irruption ( ! sea de/roy$ a hundr$ ?\s& p]sons 9 ! t]ritory ( ,dort1 9 ! ,unit$ ,prov9ces1 & a /ill great] numb] r\nd ,doll>t4 ,9 ,friezl& & ,zeal& m ?an ?ree hundr$ villages 7 ov]:elm$2 & _! rema9s are /ill visible1 on a cle> day1 at ! bottom ( ! wat]4 ,! ,baltic sea has1 by sl[ degrees1 cov]$ a l>ge "p ( ,pom]ania2 &1 among o!rs1 ov]:elm$ ! fam\s port ( ,v9eta4 ,! ,norwegian sea has =m$ sev]al little isl&s f ! ma9 l&1 & /ill daily advances on ! cont95t4 ,! ,g]man sea has advanc$ on ! %ores ( ,holl&1 ne> ,catt1 to su* a degree1 t ! ru9s ( an anci5t citadel ( ! ,romans1 =m]ly built on t coa/1 are n[ "u wat]4 ,! c\ntry surr\nd+ ! isle ( ,ely 01 9 ! "t ( ,b$e1 ab\t a ?\s& ye>s ago1 "o ( ! mo/ delightful & highly cultivat$ spots 9 ,great ,brita93 x 0 ov]:elm$1 & rema9$ = sev]al c5turies "u ! wat]1 until at l5g?1 ! sea1 by a caprice simil> to ! "o :i* _h prompt$ its invasions1 ab&on$ ! e>?1 b )\t ! latt] be+ able to recov] its primitive /ate1 t ( "o ( ! mo/ f]tile valleys 9 ! _w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! sea has 9 _m in/ances1 des]t$ ! l&2 & by ! deposition ( its s$im5t 9 "s places1 & ! accumulation ( its s&s 9 o!rs1 has also =m$ new l&s4 ,9 ?is mann] ! isle ( ,oxney1 ne> ,romney m>%1 0 produc$4 ,9 ,france1 ! t[n ( ,aigues ,mortes1 :i* 0 a seaport 9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,ix41 is n[ remov$ m ?an f\r miles f ! sea4 ,psalmodi1 also 9 t k+dom1 0 an isl& 9 ! ye> #hae1 & is n[ upw>d ( six miles )9 ! l&4 ,9 ,italy1 a consid]able portion ( l& has be5 ga9$ at ! m\? ( ! riv] ,arno2 & ,rav5na1 :i* once /ood by ! sea-side1 is n[ betwe5 f\r & five miles f x4 ,e "p ( ,holl& seems to be a conque/ f ! sea1 & to h be5 rescu$1 9 a mann]1 f its bosom4 ,! indu/ry ( man1 h[ev]1 9 ! =mation ( dikes1 is "h to be br\ght into acc\nt2 = ! surface ( ! e>?1 9 t c\ntry1 is = ! great] "p bel[ ! surface ( ! sea4 ,?ree-fif?s ( ! surface ( ! globe are cov]$ by ! sea1 ! av]age dep? ( :i* has be5 e/imat$ at f five to t5 miles4 ,demon/rative pro(s exi/ 9 ,great ,brita91 & 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w1 t great *anges h tak5 place 9 ! relative positions ( ! pres5t cont95ts ) ! ocean1 :i*1 9 =m] ages1 roll$ its waves ov] ! summits ( our pres5t elevat$ m\nta9s4 ,to illu/rate ?is subject1 & be=e ^! pro(s are ent]$ on1 9 ! consid]ation ( ! geological ph5om5a nam$ extrane\s fossils1 x w be prop] to introduce ! pleas+ & truly philosophical view ( ! successive *anges ! e>? has und]gone1 conta9$ 9 ,sir ,ri*>d ,phillips's ,morn+ ,walk to ,kew4 ,9 pass+ ne> ! banks ( ! ,?ames1 ,sir ,ri*>d 0 l$1 9 two sev]al places1 to introduce ! foll[+ obs]vations & reflections on ?is highly curi\s & int]e/+ subject4 ,!y apply ! pr9ciples & facts ( geology 9 a way 9 :i* !y may be appli$ to any riv]1 & indicate h[ mu* we are daily surr\nd$ by ! wond]s ( creation1 ! process ( :i*1 z ,sir ,ri*>d obs]ves1 is nev] ceas+4 ,9 pass+ ov] ! alluvial flat ( ,b>nes common1 he introduces ! foll[+ ?\ghts1 :i* are giv5 9 v ne>ly 8 own language4 8,on ?is common1 nature /ill appe>s to be 9 a primeval & unf9i%$ /ate4 ,! entire flat f ! high gr\nd to ! ,?ames1 is evid5tly a m]e fre%-wat] =mation1 ( comp>atively mod]n date1 creat$ out ( ! rocky ru9s :i* ! ra9s1 9 a s]ies ( ages1 h wa%$ f ! high gr\nds1 & fur!r augm5t$ by ! decay ( local vegetation4 ,! adjac5t high l&s1 be+ elevat$ above ! action ( ! fre% wat]1 7 no d\bt m>9e =mations1 creat$ by ! fl[+ ( ! sea dur+ ! long p]iod :5 ! e>? 0 la/ 9 its p]ihelion dur+ our summ] mon?s2 :i* 0 probably ?\s&s ( ye>s s9ce4 ,! flat1 or fre%wat] =mation1 on :i* ,i 0 walk+1 /ill only approa*es its completion2 & ! desiccat$ soil has n yet fully def9$ ! b\nd>ies ( ! riv]4 ,at spr+-tides1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! l9e ( ! moon's apsides co9cides ) ! syzygies1 or :5 ! asc5d+ node is 9 ! v]nal equ9ox1 or aft] heavy ra9s1 ! riv] /ill ov]fl[s its banks1 & indicates its orig9ally ext5d$ site "u ord9>y circum/ances4 8,! /ate ( transition also appe>s 9 m>%es1 bogs & ponds1 :i*1 b = ! int]f]5ce ( man1 w\ld1 _m ages ago1 h be5 fill$ up ) decay$ =e/s & ! rema9s ( undi/urb$ vegetation4 ,riv]s ?us become ag5ts ( ! nev]-ceas+ creation1 & a means ( giv+ great] equality to ! face ( ! l&4 ,! sea z x retir$1 ei!r abruptly f "s situations1 or gradually f o!rs1 left dry l&1 consi/+ ( d[ns & swell+ hills1 dispos$ 9 all ! v>iety :i* w\ld be consequ5tial on a succession ( floods & ebbs dur+ sev]al ?\s& ye>s4 ,^! d[ns1 act$ ^u by ra91 7 me*anically1 or 9 solution1 c>ri$ (f by ! wat] to ! l[e/ levels1 ! elevations be+ !reby depress$1 & ! valleys proportionally rais$4 ,! l[ l&s became1 ( c\rse1 ! *annels ?r\gh :i* ! ra9s return$ to ! sea1 & ! successive deposits on _! sides1 h>d5$ by ! w9d & sun1 h 9 five or six ?\s& ye>s1 creat$ su* tracts ( alluvial soil1 z ^? :i* n[ pres5t !mselves 9 contiguity ) mo/ riv]s4 ,! soil1 ?us assembl$ & comp\nd$1 is simil> 9 its nature to ! rocks & hills :5ce x 0 wa%$2 b1 hav+ be5 s pulv]iz$1 & s divid$ by solution1 x =ms ! f9e/ m$ium = ! secretion ( all vegetable pr9ciples1 & h5ce ! banks ( ! riv]s are ! favorite resid5ces ( man4 ,%\ld ! *annel con/antly n>r[ itself m & m1 till x becomes *ok$ 9 its c\rse1 or at its outlet1 !n1 = a "t1 lakes w\ld be =m$1 :i*1 9 l mann]1 w\ld n>r[ !mselves & disappe>4 ,new *annels w\ld !n be =m$1 or ! ra9 w\ld s diffuse itself ov] ! surface1 t ! fall & ! evaporation w\ld balance ea* o!r4 8,su* are ! unceas+ works ( creation1 con/antly tak+ place on ! ext]ior surface ( ! e>?2 :]e1 ?\gh less evid5t to ! s5ses & exp]i5ce ( man1 matt] app>5tly in]t is 9 z progressive a /ate ( *ange1 f ! op]ation ( unceas+ & immutable causes1 z 9 ! visible g5]ations ( ! animal & vegetable k+doms4 ,?us wat]1 w9d & heat1 ! en]gies ( :i* nev] cease to be ex]t$1 are con/antly produc+ new comb9ations1 *anges & creations2 :i*1 if !y accord ) ! h>mony ( ! :ole1 are fit & #8good2' b1 if discordant1 are spe$ily re-organiz$ or ext+ui%$ by contr>y & oppos+ p[]s4 ,9 a ^w1 :atev] is1 is fit2 & :atev] is n fit1 is n1 or soon ceases to be6 ,su* seems to be ! gov]n+ pr9ciple ( ,nature1 ! key ( all h] my/]ies1 ! prim>y law ( creation6 ,all ?+s are ! proximate effects ( a balance ( immutable p[]s2 ^? p[]s are results ( a primordial cause2 :ile t cause is inscrutable & incompreh5sible to creatures possess+ b a relative be+1 :o live only 9 "t & space1 & :o feel & act m]ely by ! impulse ( limit$ s5ses & p[]s40 ,&1 aga91 ! same writ] introduces ! foll[+ apposite rem>ks on ?is v int]e/+ subject4 8,z ,i approa*$ a seque/]$ mansion-h\se1 & ! o!r build+s connect$ ) x1 ,i cross$ a corn] ( ! mead[ t[>d an angle =m$ by a rude inlet ( ! ,?ames1 :i* 0 runn+ smoo?ly t[>d ! sea1 at ! rate ( f\r miles an h\r4 ,! tide unites "h ) ! ord9>y curr5t1 & runn+ a few miles above ?is place1 exhibits twice a day ! f9ely r$uc$ edge ( t physical balance-:eel1 or oscillat+ fluid-p5dulum1 :i* creates ! e>?'s c5trifugal p[]1 & v>ies ! c5t] ( its =ces4 ,9 view+ ! beautiful process ( nature1 pres5t$ by a maje/ic riv]1 we cease to wond] t prie/craft has (t5 succe$$ 9 tea*+ nations to consid] riv]s ( div9e orig91 & z proximate liv+ emblems ( omnipot5ce4 ,ignorance1 ^: con/ant error is to look only to ! la/ t]m ( e s]ies ( causes1 & :i* *>ges impiety on all :o v5ture to asc5d "o t]m high]1 & a!ism on all :o d>e to explore sev]al t]ms1 7?\gh e s]ies implies a fir/ t]m17 w\ld easily be p]suad$ by a crafty prie/hood to consid] a b5efic5t riv] z a tangible bran* ( ! ,godhead4 ,b we n[ "k t ! wat]s :i* fl[ d[n a riv]1 are b a portion ( ! ra9s & sn[s :i*1 hav+ fall5 ne> its s\rce1 are return+ to ! ocean1 !re to rise aga9 & re-p]=m ! same circle ( vapors1 cl\ds1 ra9s & riv]s4 ,:at a process ( f]tilization1 & h[ /ill m luxuriant w\ld h be5 ?is vic9ity1 if man _h n level$ ! trees1 & c>ri$ away ! crops ( vegetation4 ,:at a place ( %elt] w\ld ?us h be5 af=d$ to tribes ( amphibi1 ^: accumulat$ rema9s (t5 surprise geologi/s1 ?\gh necess>ily consequ5t on ! fall ( crops ( vegetation on ea* o!r1 ne> undi/urb$ banks ( riv]s4 ,happily1 9 ,brita91 our coal-pits1 or m9]aliz$ =e/s1 h suppli$ ! place ( our liv+ woods2 or man1 reg>dless ( ! fitness ( all ! p>ts to ! p]fection ( e natural result1 might "h1 z 9 o!r long-peopl$ c\ntries1 ignorantly h ?w>t$ ! c\rse ( nature by cutt+ d[n ! timb]1 :i*1 act+ on ! electricity ( ! cl\ds1 affects _! de/9y1 & causes !m to fall 9 f]tiliz+ %[]s4 ,su* has be5 ! fate ( all ! c\ntries fam\s 9 antiquity4 ,p]sia1 ,syria1 ,arabia1 p>ts ( ,turkey1 & ! ,b>b>y coa/1 h be5 r5d]$ arid des]ts by ?is inadv]t5cy4 ,! cl\ds f ! ,we/]n ocean w\ld long s9ce h pass$ ov] ,engl& )\t di/urbance f ! conduct+ p[] ( leaves ( trees1 or blades ( grass1 if our coal-works _h n sav$ our natural conductors2 :ile ! ,?ames1 ! ag5t ( s mu* abundance & ( s mu* weal?1 might1 9 t case1 h become a %all[ brook1 l ! once equally fam$ ,jordan1 ,granicus1 or ,ilyssus4 8,i n[ desc5d$ t[>d a rude space ne> ! riv]1 :i* appe>$ to be 9 ! /ate 9 :i* ! occasional ov]fl[+s & gradual retrocession ( ! riv] _h left x4 ,x 0 "o ( ^? wa/es :i* ! "l ( ! manor _h n yet enabl$ "s indu/ri\s cultivator to disguise2 & 9 l>ge tracts ( :i* ,great ,brita9 /ill exhibits ! surface ( ! e>? 9 ! pri/9e /ate 9 :i* x 0 left by ! second>y causes t h giv5 x =m4 ,! ,?ames1 d\btless1 9 a remote age1 cov]$ ! entire site2 b x is ! t5d5cy ( riv]s to n>r[ !mselves1 by promot+ prolific vegetable creations on _! consequ5tly increas+ & encroa*+ banks1 ?\gh ! v>i\s degrees ( fall produce e v>iety ( curr5ts1 &1 consequ5tly1 e v>iety ( banks1 9 _! devi\s c\rse4 ,9 due "t1 ! c\rse ( ! riv] becomes *ok$ :]e a flat succe$s a rapid1 & ! deta9$ wat]s !n =m lakes 9 ! int]ior4 ,^! lakes likewise g5]ate encroa*+ banks1 :i* f9ally fill up _! bas9s1 :5 new riv]s are =m$ on high] levels4 ,^! 9 _! turn1 become int]rupt$1 & repetitions ( ! =m] circle ( causes produce "o class ( ^? elevations ( l& above ! level ( ! sea1 :i* h s mu* puzzl$ geologi/s4 ,! only condition :i* a surface ( dry l& requires to increase & raise itself1 is ! abs5ce ( salt wat]1 consequ5t on :i* is an accumulation ( vegetable & animal rema9s4 ,! ,?ames has n latt]ly be5 all[$ to produce its natural effects1 because = two ?\s& ye>s ! banks h be5 inhabit$ by man1 :o unable to appreciate ! g5]al laws by :i* ! ph5om5a ( ! e>? are produc$1 has s$ul\sly kept op5 ! c\rse ( ! riv]1 & prev5t$ ! =mation ( int]ior lakes4 ,! ,caspian sea1 & all simil> inl& seas & lakes1 71 = ! mo/ "p1 =m$ f ! *ok+ up ( riv]s :i* once con/itut$ _! outlets4 ,if ! c\rse ( nature be n int]rupt$ by ! misdirect$ indu/ry ( man1 ! gradual desiccation ( all su* collections ( wat] w1 9 due "t1 produce l& ( high] levels on _! sites4 ,9 l mann]1 ! great lakes ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 if ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce be n s$ul\sly kept op51 w 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 be fill$ up by ! gradual encroa*m5t ( _! banks1 & ! rais+ ( _! bottoms ) /rata ( vegetable & animal rema9s4 ,new riv]s w\ld !n fl[ ov] ^! increas$ elevations1 & ! ultimate effect w\ld be to raise t "p ( ! cont95t ( ,nor? ,am]ica sev]al hundr$ feet above its pres5t level4 ,ev5 ! v place on :i* ,i /& 01 accord+ to ,web/]1 once a va/ bas91 ext5d+ f ! ,nore to ne> ,read+1 b n[ fill$ up ) vegetable & animal rema9s2 & ! illu/ri\s ,cuvi] has discov]$ a simil> bas9 r\nd ! site ( ,p>is4 ,^! once 7 ,caspians1 creat$ by ! *ok+ & f9al disappe>ance ( "s mighty riv]s2 !y h be5 fill$ up by gradual encroa*m5ts1 & n[ ! ,?ames & ! ,se9e fl[ ov] !m2 b ^!1 if left to !mselves1 w1 9 _! turn1 g5]ate new lakes or bas9s1 & ! successive recurr5ce ( a simil> s]ies ( causes w cont9ue to produce simil> effects1 till int]rupt$ by sup]ior causes4 8,?is situation 0 s seque/]$1 & !re=e s favorable to contemplation1 t ,i c\ld n avoid indulg+ myself4 ,:at1 !n1 are ^? sup]ior causes1 ,i exclaim$1 :i* w int]rupt ?is s]ies ( natural op]ations to :i* man is indebt$ = ! en*ant+ visions ( hill & dale1 & = ! elysium ( beauty & pl5ty 9 :i* he f9ds himself8 ,alas6 facts prove t all ?+s are transitory1 & t *ange ( condition is ! con/ant & necess>y result ( t motion :i* is ! *ief in/rum5t ( et]nal causation1 b :i*1 9 caus+ all ph5om5a1 we>s out exi/+ organizations :ile x is g5]at+ new ones4 ,9 ! motions ( ! e>? z a planet1 d\btless are to be discov]$ ! sup]ior causes :i* conv]t seas into cont95ts1 & cont95ts into seas4 ,^! sublime *anges are occasion$ by ! progress ( ! p]ihelion po9t ( ! e>?'s orbit ?r\gh ! ecliptic1 :i* passes f extreme nor!rn to extreme s\!rn decl9ation1 & vice v]sa1 e t5 ?\s&1 f\r hundr$ & fifty ye>s2 & ! maxima ( ! c5tral =ces 9 ! p]ihelion occasion ! wat]s to accumulate alt]nately ^u ei!r hemisph]e4 ,dur+ t5 ?\s&1 f\r hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 ! sea is !re=e gradually retir+ & encroa*+ 9 bo? hemisph]es3 h5ce all ! v>ieties ( m>9e appe>ances & accumulations ( m>9e rema9s 9 p>ticul> situations2 & h5ce ! successions ( lay]s or /rata1 "o ^u ano!r1 ( m>9e & e>?ly rema9s4 ,x is evid5t1 f obs]vation ( ^? /rata1 t ! p]iodical *anges h occurr$ at lea/ ?ree times2 or 9 o!r words1 x appe>s t ! site on :i* ,i n[ /& has be5 ?ree times cov]$ by ! ocean1 & ?ree times has af=d$ an asylum = vegetables & animals6 ,h[ sublime1 h[ int]e/+1 h[ affect+ is su* a contemplation6 ,h[ transitory1 !re=e1 mu/ be ! local arrangem5ts ( man1 & h[ pu]ile ! /udy ( ! sci5ce miscall$ antiquities6 ,h[ fooli% ! pride :i* vaunts itself on spl5did build+s & co/ly mausoleums6 ,h[ va9 ! o/5tation ( l>ge e/ates1 ( ext5sive b\nd>ies1 & ( great empires6 ,all1 all w1 9 due "t1 be swept away & defac$ by ! unsp>+ ocean2 &1 if record$ 9 ! frail memorials ( human sci5ce1 w be spok5 ( l ! lo/ ,atlantis1 & rememb]$ only z a philosophical dream60 ,su* are ! speculations ( ,phillips1 conta9+ _m ?+s highly int]e/+ & in/ructive2 ?\gh1 ) our advanc$ k ( geology1 we involunt>ily smile at 8 8p]iods0 ( 8t5 ?\s&1 f\r hundr$ & fifty ye>s10 kn[+1 z we n[ d1 t "s ( ! great *anges ( :i* he speaks mu/ h occupi$ ! long ages ( ! e>?'s *aotic /ate1 be=e ,god1 by 8 ^w1 =m$ x aga9 to life & ord] & beauty4 ,! m]e/ tyro 9 sci5ce n[ kn[s1 t 9 ! great facts ( geology ,god z truly speaks by 8 works1 z 9 ! book ( revelation he speaks by 8 ^w2 & ?\gh we are f> m liable to misund]/& & mis9t]pret ! =m] ?an ! latt]1 yet rightly und]/ood !re is no discrepancy betwe5 ! two1 b bo? speak ! same language ( tru?4 ,9 ! v /ructure ( ! e>? itself1 we h ! evid5ce ( ! *anges x has pass$ ?r\gh4 ,! wond]ful wrecks ( a =m] /ate ( nature1 pres]v$1 l anci5t m$als or m>bles 9 ! ru9s ( an ext9ct empire1 tell ( ! progress ( ! e>? 9 pa/ ages1 & tea* u t _m ( ! *anges :i* ,phillips w\ld ref] to comp>atively mod]n times1 belong to a p]iod f> back ( ! creation ( our fir/ p>5ts1 :5 our planet1 ?\gh exi/+1 _h n z yet be5 prep>$ = ! habitation ( mank9d4 ,we w n1 h[ev]1 dwell on ^! po9ts2 b m]ely allude to !m1 ref]r+ our read]s to any ( ! elem5t>y treatises on geology1 :]e !y may f9d ! full details ( facts1 & also ! v>i\s !ories :i* reconcile ^! facts ) ! /atem5ts ( ! ,mosaic hi/ory4 ,,extrane\s ,,fossils4 ,! fossil rema9s ( animals n n[ 9 exi/5ce1 entomb$ & pres]v$ 9 solid rocks1 pres5t u ) durable monum5ts ( ! great *anges :i* our planet has und]gone 9 =m] ages4 ,we are l$ to a p]iod :5 ! wat]s ( ! primitive ocean mu/ h cov]$ ! summits ( our highe/ m\nta9s1 & are irresi/ibly compell$ to admit "o ( two conclusions3 ei!r t ! sea has retir$1 & sunk b5ea? its =m] level2 or t "s p[]1 op]at+ f b5ea?1 has lift$ up ! isl&s & cont95ts1 ) all _! hills & m\nta9s1 f ! wat]y abyss to _! pres5t elevation above its surface4 ,! calc>e\s1 or lime/one m\nta9s 9 ,d]by%ire1 & at ,crav51 9 ,york%ire1 hav+ an elevation ( ab\t two ?\s& feet above ! pres5t level ( ! sea1 conta91 9 a great] or less abundance1 & ?r\gh\t _! :ole ext5t1 fossil rema9s ( zoophytes1 %ell-fi%1 & m>9e animals4 ,no rema9s ( vegetables h be5 f\nd 9 ! calc>e\s m\nta9s ( ,engl&2 b1 9 ! ?ick b$s ( %ale & grit/one ly+ ^u !m1 are f\nd v>i\s vegetable impressions1 & above ^! regul> b$s ( coal1 ) /rata1 conta9+ %ells ( fre%-wat] mussels4 ,9 ! e>?y lime/one ( ! upp] /rata are sometimes f\nd fossil flat-fi%1 ) ! impression ( ! scales & bones q di/9ct4 ,! m\nta9s ( ! ,pyr5ees are cov]$ 9 ! highe/ "p1 at ,mont ,p]du1 ) calc>e\s rocks1 conta9+ impressions ( m>9e animals2 &1 ev5 :]e ! impressions are n visible 9 ! lime/one1 x yields a fetid cadav]\s odor1 :5 dissolv$ 9 acids1 ow+1 9 all probability1 to ! animal matt]s x conta9s4 ,mont ,p]du1 :i* rises t5 ?\s& five hundr$ feet1 or ab\t two miles above ! level ( ! sea1 is ! highe/ situation 9 :i* any m>9e rema9s h be5 f\nd 9 ,europe4 ,9 ! ,&es !y h be5 obs]v$ by ,humboldt at ! hight ( f\rte5 ?\s& feet1 m ?an two miles & a half4 ,la/ly1 9 s\!rn c\ntries1 9 & "u b$s ( clay-cov]+ *alk1 ! bones ( ! elephant1 & ( ! rh9oc]os are frequ5tly f\nd4 ,^! bones1 z !y h be5 br\ght f diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w1 h be5 exam9$ ) ! utmo/ att5tion by ! sagaci\s naturali/ ,cuvi]4 ,he has obs]v$ *>act]i/ic v>iations ( /ructure1 :i* prove t !y belong to animals n n[ exi/+ on our globe3 nor h _m ( ! v>i\s zophytes & %ell-fi%1 f\nd 9 calc>e\s rocks1 be5 discov]$ 9 our pres5t seas4 ,f ^! v curi\s facts he makes ! foll[+ d$uctions4 8,^! bones are buri$1 almo/ ev]y:]e1 9 ne>ly simil> b$s3 !y are (t5 bl5d$ ) "s o!r animals resembl+ ^? ( ! pres5t day4 ,! b$s are g5]ally loose1 ei!r s&y or m>ly2 & always neighbor+1 m or less1 to ! surface4 ,x is1 !n1 probable t ^! bones h be5 envelop$ by ! la/1 or by "o ( ! la/1 cata/rophes ( ?is globe4 ,9 a great numb] ( places !y are accompani$ by ! accumulat$ rema9s ( m>9e animals2 b 9 "s places1 :i* are less num]\s1 !re are none ( ^! rema9s3 sometimes ! s& or m>l1 :i* cov]s !m1 conta9s only fre%-wat] %ells4 ,no well au!nticat$ acc\nt proves t !y h be5 cov]$ by regul> b$s ( /one1 fill$ ) sea-%ells2 &1 consequ5tly1 t ! sea has rema9$ on !m undi/urb$1 = a long p]iod4 ,! cata/rophe :i* cov]$ !m 01 !re=e1 a great1 b transi5t1 inundation ( ! sea4 ,?is inundation did n rise above ! high m\nta9s2 = we f9d no analog\s deposits cov]+ ! bones1 nor are ! bones !mselves !re met )1 n ev5 9 ! high valleys1 unless 9 "s ( ! w>m] p>ts ( ,am]ica4 ,^! bones are nei!r roll$ nor jo9$ 9 a skeleton1 b scatt]$1 & 9 "p fractur$4 ,!y h n1 !n1 be5 br\ght f af> by inundation1 b f\nd by x 9 places :]e x has cov]$ !m1 z might be expect$1 if ! animals to :i* !y belong$ _h dwelt 9 ^! places1 & _h !re successively di$4 ,be=e ?is cata/rophe1 ^! animals liv$1 !re=e1 9 ! climates 9 :i* we n[ dig up _! bones3 x 0 ?is cata/rophe :i* de/roy$ !m !re2 &1 z we no long] f9d !m1 x is evid5t t x has annihilat$ ^? species4 ,! nor!rn p>ts ( ! globe1 !re=e1 n\ri%$ =m]ly1 species belong+ to ! g5us elephant1 hippopotamus1 rh9oc]os1 & tapir1 z well z to t ( ! ma/odon2 g5]a ( :i* ! f\r fir/ h no long] any species exi/+1 except 9 ! torrid zone2 & ! la/1 none 9 any "p40 ,! rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,buckl&1 connect$ ) ! k9d ( relics ( :i* we are speak+1 h giv5 !m additional int]e/1 especially z connect$ ) c]ta9 po9ts ( diluvial geology1 & ) _! assemblage 9 cav]ns4 ,9 ^! cav]ns1 ! bones are usually f\nd mix$ ) mud1 /ones & fragm5ts2 & circum/ances seem to %[ t ! animals resid$ 9 !m = a great l5g? ( "t4 ,! celebrat$ ,kirkdale cav]n1 9 ,york%ire1 discov]$ 9 #ahba1 conta9s ! rema9s ( ! hy5a1 tig]1 be>1 wolf1 fox1 weasel1 elephant1 rh9oc]os1 hippopotamus1 horse1 ox1 de]1 h>e1 rabbit1 rat1 m\se1 rav51 pigeon1 l>k1 ?ru%1 & a species ( duck4 ,f ! mode 9 :i* ^! rema9s 7 /rew$ ov] ! bottom ( ! cav]n1 f ! great proportion ( hy5as' tee? ov] ^? ( o!r animals1 & f ! mann] 9 :i* _m ( ! bones 7 gnaw$ & fractur$1 ,dr4 ,buckl& inf]s t ?is cav]n 0 ! d5 ( hy5as = a long succession ( ye>s2 t !y br\ght 9 z _! prey1 ! animals ^: rema9s are ?us mix$ ) _! own2 & t ?is /ate ( ?+s 0 sudd5ly t]m9at$ by an irruption ( turbid wat] into ! cave1 :i* buri$ ! :ole 9 ! mud 9 :i* !y are n[ int]m+l$4 ,9 o!r cases1 ! bones ( o!r animals h be5 f\nd1 indicat+ ! same g5]al facts z to ! exi/5ce ( animals n[ no long] kn[n 9 ! same latitudes4 ,t e "p ( ! dry l& 0 once cov]$ by ! ocean1 is a fact on :i* all geologi/s agree2 & ! discov]y1 notic$ above1 ( ! fossil rema9s ( _m g5]a ( quadrup$s1 once exi/+1 b :i* h n[ disappe>$ f ! e>?1 leads to ano!r fact1 n less int]e/+1 & :i* is at ! same "t co9cid5t ) ! olde/ records or traditions ( ! human race1 namely1 t at ! p]iod :5 ^! great *anges took place1 man 0 n an inhabitant ( ! planet4 ,^! fossil rema9s1 n[ ab\t to be p>ticul>iz$1 are among ! mo/ surpris+ ( nature's ph5om5a1 & irresi/ibly lead to mo/ int]e/+ speculations respect+ ! pa/ & future condition ( ! t]re/rial globe4 ,,fossil ,,crocodiles4 ,! fossil rema9s ( crocodiles h be5 collect$ 9 ! neighborhood ( ,honfleur1 on ! coa/ ( ,france1 & 7 f\nd 9 a b$ ( h>d lime/one1 ( a blui% gray color1 :i* becomes ne>ly black :5 wet1 & :i* is f\nd along ! %ore on bo? sides ( ! m\? ( ! ,se9e1 be+ 9 "s places cov]$ by ! sea1 & 9 o!rs1 above its level1 ev5 at high wat]4 ,rema9s ( crocodiles h also be5 f\nd 9 o!r p>ts ( ,france2 z at ,ang]s & ,mans4 ,"s ( ^! rema9s seem to %[1 t at lea/ "o ( ! fossil species above notic$ is also f\nd 9 o!r p>ts ( ,france besides ,honfleur4 ,! rema9s ( crocodiles h be5 also f\nd 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,engl&2 b p>ticul>ly on ! coa/ ( ,dorset%ire1 & ( ,york%ire ne> ,:itby1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,ba?1 & ne> ,new>k 9 ,nott+ham%ire4 ,som]set%ire1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! neighborhood ( ,ba?1 ! cliffs on ! ,dorset%ire1 or s\!rn coa/1 & on ! ,york%ire1 or nor!rn coa/1 are ! places 9 ?is isl& 9 :i* ! rema9s ( ! animals ( ?is tribe h be5 *iefly f\nd4 ,! matrix 9 :i* !y are f\nd is 9 g5]al simil> to t :i* has be5 already m5tion$ z conta9+ ! fossils ( ,honfleur1 a blue lime/one1 becom+ almo/ black :5 wet4 ,?is description exactly agrees ) ! lime/one ( ,*>m\?1 ,lime1 c41 9 ,dorset%ire1 on ! opposite coa/ to t ( ,france on :i* ,honfleur is situat$4 ,at ,:itby & ,sc>bor\gh1 :]e ^! fossils are also f\nd1 ! /one is inde$ some:at d>k] ?an 9 ! =m] places2 b no diff]5ce is obs]vable :i* c be reg>d$ z (f]+ any =cible opposition to ! probability ( ! orig9al id5tity ( ?is /ratum1 :i* is obs]v$ on ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,france1 on ! opposite s\!rn ,engli% coa/1 & at ! opposite nor!rn extremity ( ! isl&4 ,"s ( ^! rema9s are also f\nd 9 qu>ries ( common co>se gray & :iti% lime/one4 ,in/ances ( ?is k9d ( matrix1 = ^! rema9s1 are obs]vable 9 ! qu>ries betwe5 ,ba? & ,bri/ol4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,hawk]1 ( ,wood*e/]1 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 =m]ly _h 9 8 possession1 p]haps "o ( ! h&some/ specim5s ( ! rema9s ( ! crocodile discov]$ 9 all ,engl&4 ,x 0 f\nd by him 9 ! neighborhood ( ,ba?1 & conta9$ a great "p ( ! head & ( ! trunk ( ! animal4 ,,l>ge ,,fossil ,,animal ,,( ,,mae/ri*t4 ,! l>ge animal1 ^: fossil rema9s are f\nd 9 ! qu>ries ( ,mae/ri*t1 has be5 des]v$ly a frequ5t object ( admiration2 & ! beautiful appe>ance :i* its rema9s possess1 9 consequ5ce ( _! excell5t /ate ( pres]vation1 9 a matrix :i* admits ( _! fair display1 has occasion$ e specim5 ( ?is fossil to be highly valu$4 ,! l[] jaw ( ?is animal1 & "s o!r specim5s1 :i* 7 pres5t$ by ,dr4 ,pet] ,camp] to ! ,royal ,society1 & :i* are n[ 9 ! ,briti% museum1 are among ! mo/ spl5did & int]e/+ fossils 9 exi/5ce4 ,9 #aggj1 ! workm5 hav+ discov]$ "p ( an enorm\s head ( an animal imb$d$ 9 ! solid /one1 9 "o ( ! subt]rane\s passages ( ! m\nta91 gave in=mation to ,m4 ,h(fman1 :o1 ) ! mo/ zeal\s assiduity1 labor$ until he _h dis5gag$ ?is a/oni%+ fossil f its matrix4 ,b :5 ?is 0 done1 ! fruits ( 8 labors 7 wre/$ f him by an ecclesia/ic1 :o claim$ x z be+ proprietor ( ! l& ov] ! spot on :i* x 0 f\nd4 ,h(fman def5d$ 8 "r 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice2 b ?r\gh ! influ5ce employ$ aga9/ him1 he 0 doom$ n only to ! loss ( ?is ine/imable fossil1 b to ! paym5t ( heavy law exp5ses4 ,b 9 "t1 ju/ice1 ?\gh t>dy1 at la/ arriv$2 ! troops ( ! ,fr5* republic secur$ ?is treasure1 :i* 0 convey$ to ! national museum4 ,! l5g? ( ! c]vical1 dorsal & lumb> v]tebrae1 appe>s to h be5 ab\t n9e feet five in*es1 & t ( ! v]tebr ( ! tail ab\t t5 foot2 add+ to :i* ! l5g? ( ! head1 :i* may be reckon$1 consid]+ ! loss ( ! int]maxill>y bones1 at lea/ at f\r feet1 we may safely conclude ! :ole l5g? ( ! skeleton ( ! animal to h approa*$ v ne>ly to tw5ty-f\r feet4 ,! head is a six? ( ! :ole l5g? ( ! animal2 a proportion approa*+ v ne> to t ( ! crocodile1 b diff]+ mu* f t ( ! monitor1 ! head ( :i* animal =ms h>dly a twelf? "p ( ! :ole l5g?4 ,! tail mu/ h be5 v /rong1 & its wid?1 at its extremity1 mu/ h r5d]$ x a mo/ p[]ful o>1 & h enabl$ ! animal to h oppos$ ! mo/ agitat$ wat]s1 z has be5 well rem>k$ by naturali/s :o h exam9$ x4 ,f ?is circum/ance1 & f ! o!r rema9s :i* accompany ^? ( ?is animal1 !re c be no d\bt ( its hav+ be5 an inhabitant ( ! ocean4 ,tak+ all ^! circum/ances into consid]ation1 ,m4 ,cuvi] concludes1 & c]ta9ly on fair1 if n indisputable gr\nds1 t ?is animal mu/ h =m$ an int]m$iate g5us betwe5 ^? animals ( ! liz>d tribe :i* h an ext5sive & =k$ tongue1 :i* include ! monitors & ! common liz>ds1 & ^? :i* h a %ort tongue & ! palate arm$ ) tee?1 :i* comprise ! iguanas1 m>bres1 & anolis4 ,?is g5us1 he ?9ks1 c\ld only h be5 alli$ to ! crocodile by ! g5]al *>act]s ( ! liz>ds4 ,,fossil ,,rema9s ,,( ,,rum9antia4 ,among ! fossils ( ! ,briti% empire1 none are m calculat$ to excite a/oni%m5t ?an ! enorm\s /ags' horns :i* h be5 dug up 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,irel&4 ,_! dim5sions1 z giv5 by ,dr4 ,molyneux1 are z foll[s4 ,feet4 ,in*4 ,f ! extreme tip ( ea* horn1 #aj #aj ,f ! tip ( ! "r horn to its root1 #e #b ,f ! tip ( "o ( ! inn] bran*es to ! tip ( ! opposite bran*1 #c #g ,! l5g? ( "o ( ! palms1 )9 ! bran*es1 #b #e ,! bread? ( ! same palm )9 ! bran*es1 #a #aj ,! l5g? ( ! "r br[ antl]1 #a #b ,a simil> pair1 f\nd t5 feet "u gr\nd1 9 ! c\nty ( ,cl>e1 0 pres5t$ to ,*>les ,,ii4 & plac$ 9 ! horn-gall]y1 ,hampton ,c\rt2 b 0 aft]w>d remov$ into ! gu>d-room ( ! same palace4 ,at ,ballyw>d1 ne> ,bally%annon2 at ,turvey1 eight miles f ,dubl92 & at ,portum]y1 ne> ! riv] ,%annon1 9 ! c\nty ( ,galway1 simil> horns h be5 f\nd4 ,9 ! common-hall ( ! ,bi%op ( ,armagh's h\se1 9 ,dubl91 0 a =ehead1 ) two amaz+ly l>ge beams ( a pair ( ?is k9d ( horns1 :i*1 f ! magnitude ( ! beams1 mu/ h mu* exce$$ 9 size ^? ( :i* ! dim5sions are giv5 above4 ,dr4 ,molyneux /ates1 t 9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 ?irty pair ( ^! horns _h be5 dug up by accid5t 9 ! c\ntry3 ! obs]vations1 also1 ( sev]al o!r p]sons1 prove ! great frequ5cy ) :i* ^! rema9s h be5 f\nd 9 ,irel&4 ,v>i\s op9ions h be5 ent]ta9$ respect+ ?is animal & its exi/+ prototype4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n appe> to h be5 yet discov]$2 & ^! rema9s may1 !re=e1 be reg>d$ z hav+ belong$ to an animal n[ ext9ct4 ,,fossil ,,rema9s ,,( ,,elephants4 ,num]\s rema9s ( elephants h be5 f\nd 9 ,italy2 &1 al?\gh a v consid]able numb] ( elephants 7 br\ght f ,africa into t c\ntry1 yet ! va/ ext5t ?r\gh :i* ^! rema9s h be5 f\nd1 & ! great probability t ! ,italians1 p>ticul>ly ! ,romans1 w\ld h kn[n en\gh ( ! value ( ivory1 to h prev5t$ !m f committ+ ! tusks to ! e>?1 lead to ! belief1 t by f> ! great] numb] ( ^! rema9s :i* h be5 dug up1 h be5 deposit$ "h1 n by ! h&s ( man1 b by ! *anges t ! surface ( ?is globe has und]gone1 at v remote p]iods4 ,! circum/ances1 inde$1 "u :i* _m ( ^! h be5 f\nd1 af=d indubitable pro( ( ?is fact4 ,9 ,france1 :]e x is well kn[n t liv+ elephants h be5 mu* less frequ5t1 at lea/ 9 times ( :i* we h any record1 ?an ei!r 9 ,italy or ,greece1 _! fossil rema9s h be5 f\nd 9 a great numb] ( places1 & 9 situations :i* prove _! deposition at a v remote p]iod4 ,! :ole valley ?r\gh :i* ! ,rh9e passes1 yields fragm5ts ( ?is animal1 & p]haps m num]\sly on ! side ( ,g]many ?an on t ( ,france4 ,n only 9 its c\rse1 b 9 ! alluvia ( ! sev]al /reams :i* empty !mselves into x1 are ^! fossil rema9s also f\nd4 ,?us ,holl& ab\nds ) !m1 & ev5 ! mo/ elevat$ p>ts ( ! ,batavian k+dom are n exempt f !m4 ,g]many & ,switz]l& appe> p>ticul>ly to ab\nd 9 ^! wond]ful relics4 ,! great] numb] f\nd 9 ^! p>ts1 is1 p]haps1 z is obs]v$ by ,m4 ,cuvi]1 n attributable to _! great] abundance1 b to ! numb] ( well-in=m$ m51 capable ( mak+ ! necess>y rese>*es1 & ( report+ ! int]e/+ facts !y discov]4 ,z 9 ! banks ( ! ,rh9e1 s 9 ^? ( ! ,danube1 ^! fossils ab\nd4 ,9 ! valley ( ,altmuhl is a gr& deposit ( ^! rema9s4 ,! bones :i* h be5 f\nd at ,krembs1 9 ,sw$52 at ,bad51 ne> ,vi5na2 9 ,moravia2 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,hung>y & ( ,transylvania2 at ! foot ( ! ,h>tz2 9 ,hesse2 at ,hilde%eim--all appe> to be ref]able to ?is animal4 ,s also are ^? :i* are f\nd on ! ,elbe1 ! ,od]1 & ! ,vi/ula4 ,diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,briti% empire are n less productive ( ^! rema9s4 ,9 ,london1 ,br5t=d1 ,h>wi*1 ,norwi*1 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 ,/af=d%ire1 ,w>wick%ire1 ,salisbury1 &1 inde$1 9 sev]al o!r p>ts ( ,great ,brita91 diff]5t rema9s ( ^! animals h be5 f\nd4 ,:5 we add to ^? places :i* h be5 already enum]at$1 ,sc&9avia1 ,norway1 ,icel&1 ,russia1 ,sib]ia1 ,tunis1 p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ,ib>ra1 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,equador1 x w appe> t !re is h>dly a "p 9 ! kn[n _w1 ^: subt]ranean productions are kn[n to u1 9 :i* ^! animal rema9s h n be5 discov]$4 ,m4 ,cuvi] is satisfi$1 f ! actual comp>ison ( sev]al skulls ( ! ,ea/-,indian & ,african elephants1 t diff]5t specific *>act]s exi/ 9 !m respectively4 ,9 ! ,indian elephant1 ! top ( ! skull is rais$ 9 a k9d ( d\ble pyramid2 b 9 ! ,african x is ne>ly r\nd$4 ,9 ! ,indian ! =ehead is concave1 & 9 ! ,african x is r convex4 ,sev]al o!r diff]5ces exi/1 n necess>y to be "h p>ticul>iz$1 :i* seem to be fully suffici5t to m>k a diff]5ce ( species4 ,a cursory view is suffici5t to enable u to det]m9e t ! ord9>y fossil tee? ( elephants are n ^? ( ! ,african species1 & x may be fur!r said1 t ! great] numb] ( ^! tee? be> a close resemblance to ^? ( ! ,ea/-,indian species1 %[+1 on _! ma/icat+ surface1 b&s ( an equal ?ickness ?r\gh _! :ole l5g?1 & rudely cr5ulat$4 ,s great1 inde$1 is ! resemblance1 t ,pallas1 & mo/ o!r writ]s1 h consid]$ ! fossil elephant z be+ ( ! same species ) ! ,asiatic4 ,m4 ,cuvi]1 anxi\s to discov] ! degree ( accordance ( ! fossil elephant's skeleton ) t ( ! liv+ species1 comp>$ ! fossil skull1 f\nd 9 ,sib]ia by ,mess]s*midt1 ) ^? ( ! ,african & ,asiatic elephants4 ,! result ( 8 comp>ison 01 t 9 ! fossil species ! alveoli ( ! tusks are mu* long]2 ! zygomatic ar* is ( a diff]5t figure2 ! po/-orbital apophysis ( ! frontal bone is long]1 m po9t$1 & m crook$2 & ! tub]cle ( ! os la*rymalis is consid]ably l>g]1 & m project+4 ,to ^! peculi>ities ( ! fossil skull1 ,m4 ,cuvi] ?9ks1 may be add$ ! p>allelism ( ! mol>es4 ,comp>+ toge!r ! bones ( ! ,asiatic & ( ! ,african elephant1 he 0 able to discov] "s diff]5ces betwe5 !m1 z well z betwe5 ^? & "s ( ! fossil bones :i* he possess$4 ,^! latt] he f\nd1 9 g5]al1 approa*$ ne>e/ to ^? ( ! ,asiatic elephant4 ,he concludes ) suppos+ t ! fossil rema9s are ( a species diff]+ m widely f ! ,asiatic elephant ?an ! horse does f ! ass1 & !re=e does n ?9k x impossible b t x might h exi/$ 9 a climate t w\ld h de/roy$ ! elephant ( ,india4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be assum$ z c]ta91 f ! obs]vations ( ,m4 ,cuvi]1 t at lea/ "o species ( elephants has exi/$1 ( :i* none are n[ kn[n to be liv+2 &1 %\ld ! diff]5ce ( /ructure :i* has be5 po9t$ out 9 "s ( ! fossil tee?1 be admitt$ z suffici5t to designate a diff]5ce ( species1 x may be !n said1 t !re exi/ ! fossil rema9s (1 at lea/1 two species ( elephants1 :i* 7 diff]5t f ^? ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,f ! prec$+ obs]vations x appe>s1 !n1 t ! fossil elephant9e rema9s1 not)/&+ _! resemblance 9 "s respects to ! bones ( ! ,asiatic elephant1 h belong$ to "o or m species1 diff]5t f ^? :i* are n[ kn[n4 ,?is circum/ance agrees ) ! facts ( ! fossil rema9s ( ! tapir & rh9oc]os1 :i* appe> to h diff]$ mat]ially f ! liv+ animals ( ! same g5]a4 ,! rema9s ( elephants obta9$ f ,essex1 ,middlesex1 ,k5t1 & o!r p>ts ( ,engl&1 confirm ! obs]vation ( ,cuvi]1 t ^! rema9s are g5]ally f\nd 9 ! loos] & m sup]ficial p>ts ( ! e>?1 & mo/ frequ5tly 9 ! alluvia :i* fill ! bottoms ( ! valleys1 or :i* bord] ! b$s ( riv]s4 ,!y are g5]ally f\nd m+l$ ) ! bones ( o!r quadrup$s ( kn[n g5]a1 su* z ^? ( ! rh9oc]os1 ox1 horse1 c41 & frequ5tly1 also1 ) ! rema9s ( m>9e animals4 ,,fossil ,,rema9s ,,( ,,! ,,ma/odon4 ,we n[ come to ! exam9ation ( "o ( ! mo/ /up5d\s animals kn[n1 ei!r 9 a rec5t or a fossil /ate2 "o :i*1 :e!r we contemplate its orig9al mode ( exi/5ce1 or ! p]iod at :i* x liv$1 c n b fill our m9ds ) a/oni%m5t4 ,! fir/ traces ( ?is animal are sket*$ 9 a lett] f ,dr4 ,ma!r1 ( ,bo/on1 to ,dr4 ,woodw>d1 9 #agab1 & are transcrib$ f a "w 9 manuscript1 entitl$ ,biblia ,am]icana4 ,9 ?is "w1 tee? & bones ( prodigi\s size1 suppos$ to be human1 are said to h be5 f\nd ne> :at is n[ ,albany1 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york4 ,ab\t ! ye> #agdj1 num]\s simil> bones 7 f\nd 9 ,k5tucky1 on ! ,ohio1 & 7 disp]s$ among ! ,european virtuosi4 ,_m bones ( ?is animal 7 f\nd1 9 #agii1 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 9 a l>ge pla91 b\nd$ on e side by imm5se m\nta9s1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,newburg1 situat$ on ! ,hudson or ,nor? riv]4 ,^! rema9s h also be5 f\nd on ! side ( ! ,alleghany m\nta9s1 9 ! int]ior p>ts ( ,p5nsylvania & ,c>ol9a1 & 9 ,new ,j]sey1 n f> f ,philadelphia4 ,& q lately 7#ahed7 ! tusks ( a ma/odon1 app>5tly ( enorm\s size1 7 discov]$ protrud+ f ! incl9$ side ( a m>%y declivity1 a few miles f ! city ( ,p\ghkeepsie4 ,measures 7 imm$iately tak5 to excavate ! place & exhume ! skeleton4 ,we are in=m$ t ! "w ?us f> has be5 rem>kably successful1 & ! condition ( ! skeleton su* z to promise ! security ( ! mo/ p]fect specim5 ( ! ma/odon ev] f\nd4 ,! location is extremely favorable4 ,! excavation1 :i* is prosecut$ "u ! direction ( ,pr(essor ,morse1 ! discov]] ( ! magnetic telegraph1 :o resides at ,p\ghkeepsie1 has succe$$ z f> z ! head & %\ld]s ( ! mammo?4 ,! bones are p>tially petrifi$ z f> z ! exhumation has ext5d$1 & ?is promises ! recov]y ( ! entire skeleton 9 a m p]fect /ate ?an any yet discov]$4 ,if our in=mation is correct1 & x emanates f an entirely responsible s\rce1 an object ( great int]e/ w be add$ to ! sci5ce & /udy ( natural hi/ory4 ,f a c>eful att5dance to e circum/ance1 ,m4 ,cuvi] conceives we h a "r to conclude1 t ?is great ma/odon1 or animal ( ! ,ohio1 did n surpass ! elephant 9 hight1 b 0 a little long] 9 proportion1 its limbs r ?ick]1 & its belly small]4 ,x seems to h v mu* resembl$ ! elephant 9 its tusks1 &1 inde$1 9 ! :ole ( its o/eology2 & x also appe>s to h _h a trunk4 ,b1 not)/&+ its resemblance to ! elephant1 9 s _m p>ticul>s1 ! =m & /ructure ( ! gr9d]s are suffici5tly diff]5t f ^? ( ! elephant1 to dem& its be+ plac$ 9 a di/9ct g5us4 ,f ! lat] discov]ies respect+ ?is animal1 ,m4 ,cuvi] is also incl9$ to suppose t its food mu/ h be5 simil> to t ( ! hippopotamus & ! bo>1 b pref]r+ ! roots & fle%y p>ts ( vegetables2 9 ! se>* ( :i* species ( food x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be l$ to su* s(t & m>%y spots z x appe>s to h inhabit$4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 appe> to h be5 at all =m$ = swimm+1 or = liv+ mu* 9 ! wat]s1 l ! hippopotamus1 b r seems to h be5 entirely a t]re/rial animal4 ,,fossil ,,rema9s ,,( ,,! ,,rh9oc]os4 ,!re appe> to be ?ree liv+ species ( rh9oc]os3 #a4 ,t ( ,india1 a unicorn1 ) a rugose coat1 & ) incisors1 sep>at$1 by a space1 f ! gr9d]s4 #b4 ,t ( ! ,cape1 a bicorn1 ! sk9 )\t rug1 & hav+ tw5ty eight gr9d]s1 & no incisors4 #c4 ,t ( ,sumatra1 a bicorn1 ! sk9 b slightly rugose1 ?us f> resembl+ t ( ! ,cape1 b hav+ incisive tee?1 l t ( ,india4 ,! fossil rema9s ( ! rh9oc]os h be5 g5]ally f\nd 9 ! same c\ntries :]e ! rema9s ( elephants h be5 f\nd2 b !y d n appe> to h s g5]ally excit$ att5tion2 &1 p]haps1 b few ( ^? :o discov]$ !m 7 able to det]m9e to :at animal !y belong$4 ,?us a too? ( ?is animal is describ$ by ,grew m]ely z ! too? ( a t]re/rial animal2 & ! rema9s ( ?is animal1 f\nd 9 ! neighborhood ( ,cant]bury1 7 suppos$ to h belong$ to ! hippopotamus4 ,! fir/ rema9s ( ?is species1 ( :i* positive m5tion is made1 7 collect$ 9 ,engl&1 9 #affh1 ne> ,cant]bury1 9 ! c\rse ( digg+ a well4 ,9 #agea1 a l>ge numb] ( bones ( ?is k9d 7 dis9t]r$ 9 ! *a9 ( ! ,h>tz1 & _! =m caus$ !m at fir/ to be tak5 = ^? ( elephants2 b ! celebrat$ anatomi/1 ,meckel1 hav+ comp>$ "o ( ! tee? f\nd 9 ?is heap ) ! tee? ( ! liv+ rh9oc]os he _h obs]v$ at ,p>is1 prov$1 9 an explicit mann]1 & by ! same me?od :i* has yield$ u su* k ( lo/ species1 t ! bones f\nd 9 ! ,h>tz 7 ! bones ( ! rh9oc]os4 ,!nce ! pa? 0 cle>ly op5$ = all ! paleontological rese>*es on ?is k9d ( fossil4 ,tw5ty ye>s aft] ! discov]y made on ! slopes ( ! ,h>tz1 a mu* m extraord9>y discov]y1 ( :i* ,sib]ia 0 ! sc5e1 ?rew a truly /rik+ light ^u ! "q4 ,a fossil rh9oc]os1 n r$uc$ to bones alone1 b entire1 ) its sk91 0 f\nd 9 ! mon? ( ,decemb]1 #agga1 on ! bord]s ( ! ,wiluji1 a riv] :i* fl[s into ! ,l5a1 bel[ ,yak\tsk1 9 ,sib]ia1 9 ! =ty-f\r? degree ( latitude4 ,:at *>act]iz$ ?is individual1 :i* 0 cov]$ ) hair1 proves t ! species to :i* x belong$1 diff]+ f t ( w>m c\ntries1 ! only "o we n[ "k1 0 creat$ to inhabit cold & temp]ate regions4 ,un=tunately1 ! sk9 ( ?is preci\s animal has n be5 pres]v$4 ,s9ce t "t1 con/ant attempts h be5 made to discov] ! bones ( ! rh9oc]os1 9 a multitude ( c\ntries ( nor!rn ,europe & ,asia2 & ,m4 ,cuvi]1 9 8 8,rese>*es on ,fossil ,bones10 has giv5 m9ute descriptions ( !m2 b un=tunately1 no individual z complete z t ( ,wiluji has s9ce be5 discov]$4 ,,fossil ,,rema9s ,,( ,,! ,,sib]ian ,,mammo?4 ,x has be5 demon/rat$ by ,cuvi]1 t ?is animal 0 ( a diff]5t species f ! ma/odon1 or ,am]ican mammo?4 ,its bones h be5 f\nd 9 ! alluvial soil ne> ,london1 ,nor?ampton1 ,gl\ce/]1 ,h>wi*1 ,norwi*1 9 ,salisbury pla91 & 9 o!r places 9 ,engl&2 !y also occur 9 ! nor? ( ,irel&2 & 9 ,sw$51 ,icel&1 ,russia1 ,pol&1 ,g]many1 ,france1 ,holl&1 & ,hung>y1 ! bones & tee? h be5 met ) 9 abundance4 ,its tee? h also be5 f\nd 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 & abundantly 9 ,asiatic ,russia4 ,pallas says1 t f ! ,don to ! ,t*utsko9ess1 !re is sc>cely a riv] t does n af=d ! rema9s ( ! mammo?1 & t !y are frequ5tly imb$d$ 9 alluvial soil1 conta9+ m>9e productions4 ,! skeletons1 a view ( "o ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut bel[1 are seldom complete2 b ! foll[+ int]e/+ n>rative w %[ t1 9 "o in/ance1 ! animal has be5 f\nd 9 an entire /ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,skeleton ,,( ,,! ,,sib]ian ,,mammo?4 ,9 ! ye> #agii1 a ,tungusian fi%]man obs]v$ a /range %apeless mass project+ f an ice-bank1 ne> ! m\? ( a riv] 9 ! nor? ( ,sib]ia1 ! nature ( :i* he did n und]/&1 & :i* 0 s high 9 ! bank z to be beyond 8 rea*4 ,! next ye> he obs]v$ ! same object1 :i* 0 !n r m dis5gag$ f among ! ice1 b 0 /ill unable to conceive :at x 04 ,t[>d ! end ( ! foll[+ summ]1 #ahja1 he c\ld di/9ctly see t x 0 ! froz5 c>cass ( a huge animal1 ! entire flank ( :i*1 & "o ( its tusks1 _h become dis5gag$ f ! ice4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! ice beg9n+ to melt e>li]1 & to a great] degree ?an usual1 9 #ahjc1 ! fif? ye> ( ?is discov]y1 ! enorm\s c>cass became entirely dis5gag$1 & fell d[n f ! ice-crag on a s&-bank =m+ "p ( ! coa/ ( ! ,arctic ocean4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,m>* ( t ye>1 ! ,tungusian c>ri$ away ! two tusks1 :i* he sold = fifty rubles1 ab\t ?irty-eight doll>s4 ,two ye>s aft]w>d ?is animal /ill rema9$ on ! s&-bank1 :]e x _h fall5 f ! ice2 b its body 0 !n greatly mutilat$4 ,! peasants _h tak5 away consid]able quantities ( its fle% to fe$ _! dogs2 & ! wild animals1 p>ticul>ly ! :ite be>s1 _h also fea/$ on ! c>cass2 yet ! skeleton rema9$ q entire1 except t "o ( ! =e legs 0 gone4 ,! entire sp9e1 ! pelvis1 "o %\ld]-blade1 & ?ree legs1 7 /ill held toge!r by _! ligam5ts1 & by "s rema9s ( ! sk92 & ! o!r %\ld]-blade 0 f\nd at a %ort di/ance4 ,! head rema9$1 cov]$ by ! dri$ sk91 & ! pupil ( ! eyes 0 /ill di/+ui%able4 ,! bra9 also rema9$ )9 ! skull1 b a good deal %runk & dri$ up2 & "o ( ! e>s 0 9 excell5t pres]vation1 /ill reta9+ a tuft ( /rong bri/ly hair4 ,! upp] lip 0 a good deal eat5 away1 & ! "u lip 0 entirely gone1 s t ! tee? 7 di/9ctly se54 ,! animal 0 a male1 & _h a long mane on its neck4 ,! sk9 0 extremely ?ick & heavy1 & z mu* ( x rema9$ z requir$ ! ex]tions ( t5 m5 to c>ry away1 :i* !y did ) consid]able difficulty4 ,m ?an ?irty p\nds ( ! hair & bri/les ( ?is animal 7 ga!r$ f ! wet s&-bank1 hav+ be5 trampl$ into ! s& by ! :ite be>s1 :ile dev\r+ ! c>cass4 ,! hair 0 ( ?ree di/9ct k9ds3 "o consi/+ ( /iff black bri/les1 a foot or m 9 l5g?2 ano!r ( ?9n] bri/les1 or co>se flexible hair1 ( a r$di%-br[n color2 & ! ?ird ( co>se r$di%-br[n wool1 :i* grew among ! roots ( ! hair4 ,^! af=d an und5iable pro( t ?is animal _h belong$ to a race ( elephants inhabit+ a cold region1 ) :i* we are unacqua9t$1 & by no means fitt$ to dwell 9 ! torrid zone4 ,x is also evid5t t ?is enorm\s animal mu/ h be5 froz5 up by ! ice at ! mom5t ( its dea?4 ,,fossil ,,%ells4 ,at :atev] elevations ^! %ells may h be5 f\nd1 & h[ev] remote f ! p>ts ( ! globe n[ occupi$ by wat]1 x is c]ta9 t !y 7 once g5]at$ 9 ! sea1 by :i* !y 7 deposit$4 ,! ,alta9 *a9 ( primitive m\nta9s 9 ,sib]ia is flank$ on ea* side by a *a9 ( hills inclos+ m>9e %ells4 ,on a comp>ison ( ! =ms1 contexture & composition ( ^! %ells1 z !y h be5 f\nd imb$d$ 9 rocks1 n ! slighte/ diff]5ce c be detect$ betwe5 sev]al v>ieties ( !m & ^? :i* /ill inhabit ! sea4 ,at ,t\ra9e1 9 ,france1 a hundr$ miles f ! ocean1 & ab\t n9e feet b5ea? ! surface1 a b$ ( fossil %ells has be5 f\nd n9e leagues 9 l5g?1 & ab\t tw5ty feet 9 ?ickness4 ,su* b$s are kn[n to exi/ 9 e "p ( ,europe2 & 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 accord+ to ,ulloa1 !y are v frequ5t4 ,great ,brita9 ab\nds 9 ^! fossil productions4 ,9 ! cliffs ( ! isle ( ,%eppey1 bord]+ on ! ,?ames1 sev]al v>ieties ( ! crab1 & lob/]s ne>ly :ole1 h be5 f\nd 9 a petrifi$ /ate4 ,)9 ! elevat$ l&s 9 ! vic9ity ( ,read+1 9 ,b]k%ire1 an abundance ( oy/]-%ells has be5 f\nd1 _m ( !m entire1 & hav+ bo? _! valves unit$4 ,at ,br\ghton1 9 ,l9coln%ire1 !re are two qu>ries ab\nd+ 9 fre%-wat] %ells1 :i* are f\nd 9 a blue /one1 suppos$ to h be5 =m]ly clay1 & to h be5 gradually indurat$4 ,a b$ ( %ells1 twelve feet ?ick1 & ly+ 9 a gre5i% s&1 has be5 f\nd ab\t a mile f ,reculv]1 9 ,k5t4 ,at ,h>wi*1 at ! entrance ( ! riv]1 a s&y cliff1 fifty feet 9 hight1 conta9s %ells1 ( :i* !re are no less ?an tw5ty-eight v>ieties4 ,on digg+ a moori% pa/ure1 9 ,nor?ampton%ire1 _m snails & riv] %ells 7 f\nd2 & ^! 7 ! m abundant 9 proportion z ! workm5 proce$$ to a great] dep?4 ,&1 la/ly1 ! petrifactions kn[n by ! "n ( belemnites1 h be5 f\nd 9 *alk pits1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! k+dom3 !y are usually cyl9drical1 or conical1 & sometimes conta9 a holl[ nucleus4 ,!y are suppos$ to con/itute a species ( nautilus1 & v frequ5tly occur 9 ! co>s] k9ds ( m>ble4 ,,subt]ranean ,,=e/s4 ,9 ! ye> #agjh1 a brea* made by ! ,?ames1 at an extraord9>y high tide1 inundat$ ! m>%es ( ,dag5ham & ,hav]+1 9 ,essex4 ,su* 0 ! impetu\s ru% ( ! wat]1 t a l>ge passage or *annel 0 torn up1 ?ree hundr$ feet 9 wid?1 & 9 "s p>ts tw5ty feet 9 dep?4 ,9 ?is way1 a great numb] ( trees1 t _h be5 buri$ !re _m ages be=e1 7 expos$ to view4 ,) "o exception1 t ( a l>ge oak1 hav+ ! greate/ "p ( its b>k1 & "s ( its heads & roots 9 a p]fect /ate1 ^! trees bore a great] resemblance to ald] ?an to any o!r description ( wood4 ,!y 7 black & h>d1 & _! fib]s 7 extremely t\gh4 ,no d\bt 0 ent]ta9$ ( _! hav+ gr[n on ! spot :]e !y lay2 & !y 7 s num]\s1 t 9 _m places !y af=d$ /eps to ! pass5g]s4 ,!y 7 imb$d$ 9 a black oozy soil1 on ! surface ( :i* !y lay pro/rate1 ) a cov]+ ( grey mold4 ,9 pass+ along ! *annel torn up by ! wat]1 va/ numb]s ( ! /umps ( ^! subt]rane\s trees1 rema9+ 9 ! po/ure 9 :i* !y grew1 7 to be se51 "s ) _! roots runn+ d[n1 & o!rs bran*+ & spread+ ab\t 9 ! e>?1 z is obs]v$ 9 gr[+ trees4 ,t !y 7 ! ru9s1 n ( ! deluge1 b ( a lat] age1 has be5 inf]r$ f ! exi/5ce ( a b$ ( %ells1 :i* lies across ! highway1 on ! desc5t ne> ,/if=d bridge1 lead+ to ,s\? ,ok5don4 ,at a p]p5dicul> dep? ( tw5ty feet b5ea? ?is b$ ( %ells1 & at ! di/ance ( ne>ly two hundr$ feet1 9 ! bottom ( ! valley1 runs a brook :i* empties itself into ! ,?ames at ,purfleet4 ,?is brook is kn[n to ebb & fl[ ) ! ,?ames2 &1 consequ5tly1 if ! b$ ( %ells1 z has be5 conjectur$1 0 deposit$ 9 t place by an inundation ( ! ,?ames1 x mu/ h be5 su* z to h dr[n$ a va/ proportion ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 & h ov]topp$ ! trees ne> ! riv]1 9 ,we/ ,horrock1 ,dag5ham1 & ! o!r m>%es1 ov]turn+ !m 9 its progress4 ,9 support ( ?is hypo!sis1 x %\ld be rem>k$1 t ! b$ ( e>? 9 :i* ! trees grew1 0 entire & undi/urb$1 & consi/$ ( a spongy1 light1 oozy soil1 fill$ ) ! roots ( re$s1 ( a specific gravity mu* less ?an t ( ! /ratum above x4 ,! levels ( ,hatfield *ase 71 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,i41 ! l>ge/ *ase ( r$ de] 9 ,engl&4 ,!y conta9$ ab\t "o hundr$ & eighty ?\s& acres ( l&1 ab\t "o-half ( :i* 0 ye>ly inundat$2 b be+ sold to "o ,v]muid51 a ,dut*man1 he contriv$1 at a great labor & exp5se1 to dis*ase1 dra91 & r$uce ^! l&s to arable & pa/ure gr\nds n subject to be ov]fl[$4 ,9 e "p ( ! soil1 9 ! bottom ( ! riv] ,ouse ev51 & 9 t ( ! adv5titi\s soil ( all m>% l&1 toge!r ) ! skirts ( ! ,l9coln%ire wold1 va/ multitudes ( ! roots & trunks ( trees ( diff]5t sizes are f\nd4 ,! roots are fix$ 9 ! soil1 9 _! natural position1 z ?ick z !y c\ld h gr[n2 & ne> to !m lie ! trunks4 ,_m ( ^! trees appe> to h be5 burn$1 & o!rs to h be5 *opp$ & squ>$2 & ?is 9 su* places1 & at su* dep?s1 z c\ld nev] h be5 op5$1 s9ce ! de/ruction ( ! =e/1 until ! "t ( ! dra9age4 ,t ?is 0 ! "w ( ! ,romans1 :o 7 ! de/roy]s ( all ! woods & =e/s :i* are n[ f\nd und]gr\nd 9 ! bottoms ( moors & bogs1 is evid5c$ by ! co9s & ut5sils1 belong+ to t nation1 :i* h be5 collect$1 z well 9 ^! levels1 z 9 o!r p>ts ( ,great ,brita9 :]e ^! subt]rane\s =e/s h be5 discov]$4 ,,moors1 ,,mosses ,,& ,,bogs4 ,x hav+ be5 report$ 9 ,l9coln%ire1 t a l>ge ext5t ( islets ( moor1 situat$ along its coa/1 & visible only at ! l[e/ ebbs ( ! tide1 0 *iefly compos$ ( decay$ trees1 ,dr4 de ,s]ra1 accompani$ by ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 proce$$1 9 ! mon? ( ,septemb]1 #agif1 to exam9e _! nature & ext5t4 ,!y l&$ on "o ( ! l>ge/ ( ^! islets1 :5 ! ebbs 7 at ! l[e/1 & f\nd its expos$ surface to be ab\t n9ety feet 9 l5g?1 & sev5ty-five 9 wid?4 ,!y 7 enabl$ to asc]ta91 t ^! islets consi/ almo/ entirely ( roots1 trunks1 bran*es1 & leaves ( trees & %rubs1 int]mix$ ) leaves ( aquatic plants4 ,! rema9s ( _m ( ! trees 7 /ill /&+ on _! roots2 b ! trunks ( ! great] "p ( !m lay scatt]$ on ! gr\nd1 9 e direction4 ,! b>k ( ! trees & roots appe>$ 9 g5]al z fre% z :5 !y 7 gr[+2 9 t ( ! bir*es p>ticul>ly1 _m ( :i* 7 f\nd1 ev5 ! ?9 silv]y membranes ( ! out] sk9 7 disc]nible4 ,! timb] ( all k9ds1 on ! contr>y1 0 decompos$ & s(t1 9 ! great] "p ( ! trees2 9 "s x 0 firm1 especially ab\t ! knots4 ,s\nd pieces ( timb] _h be5 (t5 f\nd by ! c\ntry p4 ,9 g5]al1 ! trunks1 bran*es & roots ( ! decay$ trees 7 consid]ably flatt5$2 a ph5om5on :i* has be5 obs]v$ 9 ! surt>br&1 or fossil wood ( ,icel&1 & also 9 t f\nd ne> ! lake ( ,?un1 9 ,switz]l&4 ,! soil 0 *iefly compos$ ( rott5 leaves2 &1 on be+ ?r[n into wat]1 _m ( ^! 7 tak5 out 9 a p]fect /ate4 ,^! islets ext5d$ ab\t twelve miles 9 l5g?1 & "o 9 bread?1 opposite ! %ore ( ,sutton1 at :i* place1 on digg+ a well1 a moor ( ! same nature 0 f\nd "u gr\nd1 at ! dep? ( sixte5 feet1 &1 consequ5tly1 v ne>ly on ! same level ) t :i* con/itutes ! islets4 ,on bor+ 9 ! fields belong+ to ! ,royal ,society1 9 ! p>i% ( ,mable?orpe1 to asc]ta9 ! cause ( ! subt]rane\s /ratum ( decay$ vegetables1 a simil> moor 0 f\nd4 ,! appe>ance ( ^! decay$ vegetables 0 f\nd exactly to agree ) t ( ! moor :i* 0 ?r[n up 9 ,blankney f51 & 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ea/ f5 ( ,l9coln%ire1 9 mak+ _! embankm5ts2 b>ks1 l ^? ( ! bir*-tree1 be+ !re also abundantly f\nd4 ,?is moor has be5 trac$ z f> z ,pet]bor\gh1 sixty miles s\? ( ,sutton4 ,on ! nor? side1 ! moory islets ext5d z f> z ,grimsby1 on ! s\? ( ! m\? ( ! ,humb]3 & x is a rem>kable circum/ance1 t 9 ! l>ge tracts ( l[ l& :i* lie on ! s\? banks ( t riv]1 a little above its m\?1 !re is a subt]rane\s /ratum ( decay$ trees & %rubs1 exactly resembl+ ^? obs]v$ at ,sutton4 ,at ,axholme isle1 a simil> /ratum ext5ds ov] a tract ( t5 miles 9 l5g?1 by five 9 bread?4 ,! roots !re also /& 9 ! places :]e !y grew2 :ile ! trunks lie pro/rate1 amid ! roots ( aquatic plants & re$s4 ,little d\bt c be ent]ta9$ ( ! moory islets ( ,sutton be+ a "p ( ?is ext5sive subt]rane\s /ratum1 :i*1 by "s inroad ( ! sea1 has be5 !re /ripp$ ( its cov]+ ( soil4 ,! id5tity ( ! levels2 t ( ! species ( trees2 ! roots ( ^! affix$1 9 bo?1 to ! soil :]e !y grew2 &1 above all1 ! flatt5$ %ape ( ! trunks1 bran*es1 & roots1 f\nd 9 ! islets1 :i* c only be acc\nt$ = by ! heavy pressure ( a sup]9duc$ /ratum1 are suffici5t reasons = ?is op9ion4 ,su* a wide-spread assemblage ( vegetable ru9s1 ly+ almo/ 9 ! same level1 & t level g5]ally "u ! common m>k ( l[ wat]1 naturally gives rise to reflections on ! epo* ( ?is de/ruction1 & ! ag5cy by :i* x 0 effect$4 ,! orig9al cata/rophe :i* buri$ ?is imm5se =e/ mu/ h be5 ( v anci5t date2 b x is to be suspect$1 t ! inroad ( ! sea :i* uncov]$ ! decay$ trees ( ! islets ( ,sutton1 is comp>atively rec5t4 ,! /ate ( ! leaves1 & ! timb]1 & also ! tradition ( ! c\ntry p1 concur to /r5g!n ?is suspicion4 ,leaves & o!r delicate p>ts ( plants1 ?\gh !y may be long pres]v$ 9 a subt]rane\s situation1 c n rema9 un9jur$ :5 expos$ to ! action ( ! waves1 & ( ! air4 ,! inhabitants ( ,sutton believe t _! p>i% *ur* once /ood on ! spot :]e ! islets n[ are1 & 0 subm]g$ by ! inroads ( ! sea2 t1 at v l[ wat]1 _! ance/ors c\ld ev5 disc]n its ru9s2 & t _! pres5t *ur* 0 built to supply ! place ( t :i* 0 wa%$ away4 ,s _m concomitant 7?\gh weak7 te/imonies1 r5d] _! report to a c]ta9 degree des]v+ ( cr$it1 & lead to a supposition1 t "s ( ! /ormy inundations ( ! ,nor? sea1 :i* 9 ^! la/ c5turies h wa%$ away su* l>ge tracts ( l& on its %ores1 may h c>ri$ away a soil re/+ on clay1 & h f9ally uncov]$ ! trees ( ^! moory islets4 ,bogs & mosses are little m ?an lakes fill$ up ) vegetable matt]1 usually ( aquatic orig94 ,!y are to be f\nd n only 9 ,irel& & ,scotl&1 b also 9 e nor!rn c\ntry1 m especially :5 ?9ly peopl$4 ,x %\ld be rem>k$1 t ,irel& ab\nds 9 spr+s1 :i* are mo/ly dry 9 summ]2 & t grass & we$s gr[ abundantly ab\t ^! spots4 ,9 ! w9t] ^! spr+s swell & run1 s(t5+ & loos5+ all ! e>? ab\t !m4 ,n[1 t sw>d or surface ( ! e>? :i* consi/s ( ! roots ( grass1 be+ lift$ up1 & made fuzzy or spongy by ! wat] 9 ! w9t]1 is dri$ 9 ! spr+1 & does n fall toge!r1 b )]s 9 a tuft4 ,! new grass :i* spr+s ?r\gh x is aga9 lift$ dur+ ! foll[+ w9t]2 & ?us ! spr+ is /ill m & m /opp$1 & ! sw>d gr[s ?ick] & ?ick]1 till at l5g? x makes :at is call$ a quak+ bog4 ,9 proportion z x rises & becomes dri]1 & z ! grass roots & o!r vegetables become m putrid1 toge!r ) ! mud & slime ( ! wat]1 x acquires a blackness1 & becomes :at is call$ a turf bog4 ,:5 ! vegetables rot1 x is consid]$ t ! sal9e p>ticles are 9 g5]al c>ri$ away by ! wat]1 9 :i* !y are dissolv$2 b t ! oily or sulphure\s p>ticles rema9 & float on ! wat]2 & x is ?us t ! turf acquires its inflammability4 ,! highe/ m\nta9s ( ,irel& are1 z well z ! pla9s1 cov]$ ) bogs1 because !y ab\nd 9 spr+s1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( a defective population1 are n cle>$2 & ?us !y are ov]run ) bogs4 ,9 t c\ntry mosses also ab\nd2 & ! p>ticul> k9d :i* gr[s 9 bogs1 is rem>kable on ?is acc\nt1 t a cong]ies ( its ?reads1 be=e x is decay$1 con/itutes ! sub/ance ( ! light spongy turf1 :i* ?us becomes s t\gh z n to yield to ! spade4 ,?is curi\s sub/ance1 9 ! nor? ( ,irel&1 is call$ old wives' t[1 & is n unlike flax4 ,! turf h>d5s by degrees1 b is /ill /r+y :5 brok51 & at l5g? becomes ! r$ turf employ$ z fuel4 ,! production ( ! quak+ bogs is z foll[s4 ,:5 a /ream or spr+ runs ?r\gh a flat1 x becomes fill$ ) we$s 9 summ]1 & trees fall across & dam x up4 ,dur+ ! w9t] season ! wat] /agnates m & m e ye>1 until ! :ole flat is cov]$4 ,a co>se k9d ( grass1 peculi> to ^! bogs1 spr+s up 9 tufts1 ! roots ( :i* are consolidat$1 & :i*1 9 a few ye>s1 gr[ to ! hight ( sev]al feet4 ,9 ! w9t] ! grass rots1 & falls ) its se$ on ! tufts1 ?us add+ to _! gr[? ! ensu+ spr+4 ,! tops ( flags & grass are sometimes int]wov5 on ! surface ( ! wat]1 & gradually becom+ ?ick]1 cov] its surface4 ,on ?is cov]+ h]bs gr[2 & by ! int]weav+ ( _! roots1 x is r5d]$ s /rong z to be> a man4 ,"s ( ^! bogs s9k1 :]e a man /&s1 to a consid]able dep?1 & rise be=e & beh9d3 und]nea?1 ! wat] is cle>4 ,ev5 ^! 9 "t become r$ bogs2 b may easily be conv]t$ into mead[ l&1 by cle>+ a tr5* = ! passage ( ! wat]4 ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! bogs ( ,irel&1 publi%$ 9 ! 8,philosophical ,transactions10 notices a curi\s fact1 namely1 t :5 ! turf-digg]s1 aft] hav+ dug out ! e>? prop] to make turf or peat1 rea*$ ! bottom1 s z to come to ! clayey or o!r soil1 by dra9+ (f ! wat]1 !y met ) ! roots ( fir-trees1 ) _! /umps /&+ upright1 & _! bran*es spread out on e side horizontally4 ,?is 0 evid5tly ! place ( ! gr[? ( ^! trees1 ! bran*es ( ! roots ( :i* are 9 "s p>ts matt$1 z is se5 9 ! roots ( trees closely plant$4 ,l>ge pieces ( wood h be5 f\nd1 n only 9 clay-pits1 b likewise 9 qu>ries or /one-pits1 9 ! blocks ( /one rais$ out ( _! /rata or lay]s4 ,! black spongy mold employ$ = peat smells /rongly ( bitum51 or petroleum1 a great proportion ( ! oil ( :i* is yield$ by di/illation2 s t1 s+ul> z x may appe>1 n only oil1 b a mat]ial :i* may be us$ = c&les1 may be extract$ f ^! peat-bogs 9 l>ge quantities2 & x has ev5 be5 propos$ t ?is bus9ess %\ld be c>ri$ on on a l>ge scale1 ) a view to giv+ prosp]ity to ! c\ntry4 ,9 sev]al p>ts ( ,irel& a s+ul> ph5om5on has be5 obs]v$3 on horses trampl+ ) _! feet on a space ( s(t gr\nd1 a sudd5 appe>ance ( light ensu$4 ,on ! mold1 :i* agre$ 9 color1 lightness1 c41 ) peat e>?1 be+ exam9$ ) a microscope1 ! light 0 f\nd to proce$ f an abundance ( small1 semi-transp>5t1 :iti%1 live worms :i* lay 9 x4 ,! commission]s appo9t$ by p>liam5t to inquire into ! nature & ext5t ( ! bogs ( ,irel&1 & ! practicability ( dra9+ !m1 repres5t !m z occupy+ ?\s&s ( acres1 inde$1 _m squ>e miles4 ,_! nature & con/itu5t p>ts are describ$ by !m z consi/+ ( an accumulation ( vegetable matt]1 settl+ 9 successive g5]ations on itself1 & conv]t$ by ! want ( v5tilation & motion to a /agnant pool1 :i* fir/ furni%$ ! elem5ts ( life & increase to ! plants cov]+ its surface4 ,! progress ( ! accumulation may be be/ conceiv$ by imag9+ a bas91 or concave res]voir1 ( a c]ta9 ext5t & dep?1 =m$ ( clay1 lime/one1 gravel1 c41 ?r\gh :i* ! wat]1 scantily b con/antly suppli$1 c n obta9 an issue4 ,undi/urb$ 9 ?is wat]1 a surface ( bog moss gr[s1 decays & putrefies4 ,to ?is a second g5]ation succe$s2 & ?is is foll[$ by o!rs1 until1 at l5g?1 ! bulk rises consid]ably above ! level ( its b$1 =m+ hillocks ( v>i\s hights1 %apes & dim5sions4 ,! surface ( a bog is n level l a lake1 b undulat+2 & x t]m9ates some:at abruptly1 & almo/ p]p5dicul>ly4 ,! av]age hight ( ! great bogs1 above ! level ( high-wat] m>k 9 ,dubl9 h>bor1 is ab\t two hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,_m acres ( ^! bogs h be5 reclaim$2 & ! practicability ( dra9+ & cultivat+ ! great] proportion ( !m has be5 po9t$ out 9 ! reports ( ! commission]s4 ,p]?%ire1 9 ,nor? ,brita91 ab\nds 9 mosses1 ! cont5ts ( :i* are comput$ to exce$ n9e ?\s& acres4 ,! greate/ hight ( ! moss1 above ! clay on :i* x lies1 is f\rte5 feet & a half4 ,its surface1 :5 view$ at a di/ance1 seems :olly cov]$ ) hea?3 b :5 closely exam9$1 is f\nd to be compos$ ( small tufts ( hea?1 int]mix$ ) a v>iety ( moss-plants4 ,"h also are f\nd innum]able trunks ( trees1 ly+ along close to _! roots1 ! latt] be+ /ill fix$ 9 ! clay1 z 9 ! natural /ate4 ,! irruption ( :at is call$ ,solway moss has greatly attract$ ! public att5tion2 =1 al?\gh ! cause ( x is obvi\s1 /ill ! alt]ation x produc$ on ! surface ( ! e>?1 0 m consid]able ?an any kn[n 9 ,great ,brita91 z result+ f a natural cause1 s9ce ! de/ruction ( ,e>l ,goodw9's e/ate4 ,x happ5$ 9 ! ye> #agga1 aft] sev]e ra9s :i* _h 9 _m places produc$ great inundations ( ! riv]s4 ,! foll[+ is a concise description ( ! spot :]e ?is ev5t happ5$4 ,along ! side ( ! riv] ,esk1 is a vale1 ab\t a mile 9 bread?1 b\nd$ on ! s\?-ea/ by ! riv]1 & on ! nor?-we/ by a /eep bank1 ab\t ?irty feet 9 hight above ! level ( ! vale4 ,f ! top ( ! bank ! gr\nd rises on an easy asc5t = ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile1 :]e x is t]m9at$ by ! moss1 :i* ext5ds ab\t two miles nor? & s\?1 & ab\t a mile & a half ea/ & we/1 be+ b\nd$ on ! nor?-we/ by ! riv] ,s>k4 ,x is probable t ! solid gr\nd1 f ! top ( ! bank above ! vale1 0 cont9u$ 9 ! same direction "u ! moss1 be=e its irruption1 = a consid]able space2 = ! moss1 at ! place :]e ! irruption happ5$1 0 incl9$ t[>d ! slop+ gr\nd4 ,f ! edge ( ! moss !re 0 a gully or holl[1 call$ by ! c\ntry p ! gap1 & said to be ?irty y>ds deep :]e x ent]$ ! vale3 d[n ?is holl[ ran a small rill ( wat]1 :i* 0 (t5 dry 9 summ]1 n hav+ any o!r supply b :at filt]$ f ! moss4 ,! irruption happ5$1 at ! head ( ?is gap1 on ! night ( ! sixte5? ( ,novemb]1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( t5 & elev51 :5 all ! neighbor+ riv]s & brooks 7 prodigi\sly swoll5 by ! ra9s4 ,a l>ge body ( ! moss 0 =c$1 p>tly by ! great fall ( ra91 & p>tly by ! spr+s b5ea?1 into a small beck or burn1 :i* runs )9 a few y>ds ( its bord] to ! s\?-ea/4 ,by ! unit$ pressure ( ! wat] beh9d x1 & ( ?is beck1 :i* 0 !n v high1 x 0 c>ri$ d[n a n>r[ gl5 betwe5 two banks ab\t ?ree hundr$ feet high1 into a wide & spaci\s pla91 ov] a "p ( :i* x spread ) great rapidity4 ,! moss cont9u$ = "s "t to s5d (f consid]able quantities ( its sub/ance1 :i*1 be+ borne along by ! torr5t1 on ! back ( ! fir/ great body1 kept x = _m h\rs 9 p]petual motion1 & drove x /ill fur!r on4 ,dur+ ! fir/ night1 at lea/ f\r hundr$ acres ( f9e arable l& 7 cov]$ ) moss f ?ree to twelve or fifte5 feet 9 dep?4 ,sev]al h\ses 7 de/roy$1 mu* corn lo/1 c42 b all ! inhabitants escap$4 ,:5 ! wat]s subsid$1 ! moss also ceas$ to fl[2 b two pretty consid]able /reams cont9u$ to run f ! he>t ( x1 & c>ri$ away "s pieces ( mossy matt] to ! place :]e x bur/4 ,!y !n jo9$ ! beck1 already m5tion$1 :i* ) ?is addition1 resum$ its =m] *annel1 & ) a little assi/ance f ! p ( ! neighborhood1 made its way to ! ,esk1 ?r\gh ! mid/ ( t body ( moss :i* ob/ruct$ its c\rse4 ,?us1 9 a great measure dra9$1 ! new moss fell sev]al feet1 & :5 ! fair wea!r came on at ! end ( ,novemb]1 x settl$ 9 a firm] & m solid body on ! l&s x _h ov]run4 ,by ?is inundation ab\t eight hundr$ acres ( arable gr\nd 7 ov]fl[$ be=e ! moss /opp$1 & ! habitations ( tw5ty-sev5 families de/roy$4 ,tradition has pres]v$ ! memory ( a simil> inundation 9 ano!r "p ( ,nor? ,brita94 ,at ,montei? a moss *ang$ its c\rse 9 "o night1 & cov]$ a great ext5t ( gr\nd4 ,!re is also an acc\nt 9 ! 8,philosophical ,transactions0 ( a mov+ moss ne> ,*ur*t[n1 9 ,lanca%ire1 :i* greatly al>m$ ! neighborhood1 & 0 reg>d$ z a miracle4 ,! moss 0 obs]v$ to rise to a surpris+ hight1 & soon aft] to s9k z mu* b5ea? ! level1 mov+ sl[ly t[>d ! s\?4 ,,coral ,,reefs ,,& ,,isl&s4 ,coral belongs to ! class ( ^? surpris+ productions ( nature1 :i* are nam$ zophytes1 or plant-animals1 on acc\nt ( _! fill+ up ! int]m$iate space betwe5 ! animal & vegetable k+doms2 & 9 treat+ ( !m ?is curi\s sub/ance w be di/9ctly consid]$4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! production ( coral reefs & isl&s pres5ts "o ( ^? geological *anges1 by :i* ! e>?'s surface has be5 modifi$1 & has receiv$ a new accession f ! sea4 ,! common f\ndation ( ! clu/]s ( isl&s discov]$ by mod]n navigators 9 ! ,pacific ocean1 z well z ( ^? belong+ to ,new ,s\? ,wales1 is evid5tly ( coral /ructure1 imm5se reefs ( :i* %oot out 9 all directions4 ,!re is e reason to believe t ! isl&s :i* are occasionally rais$ by ! trem5d\s ag5cy ( subt]rane\s volcanoes1 d n be> any proportion to ^? :i* are p]petually =m+1 by ! sil5t b p]sev]+ ef=ts ( ! sea worms by :i* coral is produc$4 ,banks ( coral are f\nd at all dep?s1 & at all di/ances f ! %ore1 entirely unconnect$ ) ! l&1 & deta*$ f ea* o!r4 ,by a quick progression1 !y gr[ up t[>d ! surface2 :ile ! w9ds1 heap+ up ! coral f deep] wat]1 rapidly accel]ate ! =mation ( ^! banks into %oals & isl&s4 ,!y become gradually %all[]2 & :5 once ! sea meets ) resi/ance1 ! coral is quickly ?r[n up by ! =ce ( ! waves break+ aga9/ ! bank4 ,^! coral banks h be5 se5 9 all _! /ages3 "s 9 deep wat]2 o!rs ) a few rocks appe>+ above ! surface1 j =m$ into isl&s )\t ! lea/ appe>ance ( vegetation2 &1 la/ly1 o!rs cov]$ ) soil & we$s4 ,! loose corals1 roll$ inw>d by ! bill[s 9 l>ge pieces1 /rike ^u ! gr\nds1 &1 ! reflux be+ unable to c>ry !m away1 become a b> to ! coagulat$ s& ) :i* !y are always int]mix$4 ,?is s&1 be+ easie/ rais$1 is lodg$ at top2 & :5 its accumulat$ mass is elevat$ by viol5t /orms1 & no long] )9 ! rea* ( common waves1 x becomes a re/+-place to birds :om ! se>* ( prey draws ?i!r4 ,_! excrem5t1 fea!rs1 c41 augm5t ! soil1 & prep>e x = ! reception ( accid5tal roots1 bran*es & se$s ca/ up by ! waves1 or br\ght ?i!r by birds4 ,?us isl&s are =m$3 ! leaves & rott5 bran*es1 int]mix+ ) ! s&1 produce 9 "t a light black mold1 9 :i* trees & %rubs vegetate & ?rive4 ,cocoa-nuts1 :i* cont9ue long 9 ! sea )\t los+ _! vegetative p[]s1 hav+ be5 ?r[n on su* isl&s1 produce trees :i* are p>ticul>ly adapt$ to all soils1 :e!r s&y1 ri* or rocky4 ,! viol5ce ( ! waves1 )9 ! tropics1 mu/ g5]ally be direct$ to two po9ts1 accord+ to ! monsoons4 ,h5ce ! isl&s =m$ f coral banks mu/ be long & n>r[1 & lie ne>ly 9 a m]idional direction4 ,ev5 suppos+ ! banks to be r\nd1 z !y seldom are :5 l>ge1 ! sea meet+ mo/ resi/ance 9 ! middle1 mu/ heave up ! matt] 9 great] quantities !re1 ?an t[>d ! extremities2 &1 by ! same rule1 ! ends w g5]ally be op51 or at lea/ l[e/4 ,!y w also commonly h s\nd+s !re1 z ! rema9s ( ! banks1 n accumulat$1 w be "u wat]4 ,:]e ! coral banks are n expos$ to ! common monsoon1 !y w alt] _! direction1 & become ei!r r\nd1 or ext5d$ 9 ! p>allel1 or ( irregul> =ms1 accord+ to accid5tal circum/ances4 ,capta9 ,fl9d]s1 9 8 voyage to ! ,s\? ,pacific1 gives an acc\nt ( an unbrok5 reef ( coral1 ?ree hundr$ & fifty miles long1 on ! coa/ ( ,new ,holl&2 & he /ates1 t betwe5 t c\ntry & ,new ,gu9ea1 ! coral =mations ext5d ?r\gh a di/ance ( sev5 hundr$ miles1 int]rupt$ by no int]vals ( m ?an ?irty miles 9 l5g?4 ,he also gives u a lively & int]e/+ description ( a coral reef on ! s\!rn coa/ ( ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,on ?is reef he l&$1 & ! wat] be+ v cle> r\nd ! edges1 a new creation1 z x 71 b imitative ( ! old1 0 pres5t$ to ! view4 ,:eat %eaves1 mu%rooms1 /ags' horns1 cabbage leaves1 & a v>iety ( o!r =ms1 7 gl[+ "u wat] ) vivid t9ts ( e %ade betwixt gre51 purple1 br[n & :ite2 equal+ 9 beauty1 & excell+ 9 gr&eur1 ! mo/ favorite p>t]re ( ! curi\s flori/4 ,^! 7 diff]5t species ( coral & fungus1 gr[+1 z x 71 out ( ! solid rock1 & ea* _h its peculi> =m & %ade ( color+2 b1 :il/ contemplat+ ! ri*ness ( ! sc5e1 ! de/ruction ) :i* x 0 pregnant c\ld n be =gott54 ,diff]5t corals 9 a dead /ate1 concret$ into a solid mass ( a dull :ite color1 compos$ ! /one ( ! reef4 ,! negro heads 7 lumps :i* /ood high] ?an ! re/2 & be+ g5]ally dry1 7 black5$ by ! wea!r2 b ev5 9 ^! ! =ms ( ! diff]5t corals & "s %ells 7 di/+ui%able4 ,! edges ( ! reef1 b p>ticul>ly on ! outside :]e ! sea broke1 7 ! lighte/ p>ts2 )9 ^! 7 pools & holes conta9+ live corals1 sponges1 sea-eggs & cucumb]s2 & _m enorm\s cockles 7 scatt]$ ^u diff]5t p>ts ( ! reef4 ,at l[ wat]1 ^! cockles seem mo/ commonly to lie half op51 b frequ5tly close ) mu* noise1 & ! wat] )9 ! %ells !n sp\ts up 9 a /ream1 ?ree or f\r feet high3 x is f ?is noise & ! sp\t+ ( ! wat] t !y are discov]$1 =1 9 o!r respects1 !y are sc>cely to be di/+ui%$ f ! coral rock4 ,8 description ( a coral isl& :i* he aft]w>d visit$ on ! same coa/1 is truly philosophical & ?r[s great light on ^! surpris+ productions ( nature4 8,?is little isl&1 or r ! surr\nd+ reef1 :i* is ?ree or f\r miles long1 af=ds %elt] f ! s\?-ea/ w9ds4 ,x is sc>cely m ?an a mile 9 circumf]5ce1 b appe>s to be increas+ bo? 9 elevation & ext5t4 ,at no v di/ant p]iod ( "t1 x 0 "o ( ^? banks produc$ by ! wa%+ up ( s& & brok5 coral1 ( :i* mo/ reefs af=d in/ances1 & ^? ( ,torres' /rait a great _m4 ,^! banks are 9 diff]5t /ages ( progress3 "s1 l ?is1 are become isl&s1 b n yet habitable2 "s are above high-wat] m>k1 b de/itute ( vegetation2 :il/ o!rs are ov]fl[$ ) e return+ tide4 ,x seems to me1 t1 :5 ! animalcules :i* =m ! corals at ! bottom ( ! ocean1 cease to live1 _! /ructures adh]e to ea* o!r1 by virtue ei!r ( ! glut9\s rema9s )91 or ( "s prop]ty 9 salt wat]2 & ! int]/ices be+ gradually fill$ up ) s& & brok5 pieces ( coral wa%$ by ! sea1 :i* also adh]e1 a mass ( rock is at l5g? =m$4 ,future races ( ^! animalcules erect _! habitations ^u ! ris+ bank1 & die 9 _! turn1 to increase1 b pr9cipally to elevate1 ?is monum5t ( _! wond]ful labors4 ,! c>e tak5 to "w p]p5dicul>ly 9 ! e>ly /ages1 m>ks a surpris+ in/9ct 9 ^! dim9utive creatures4 ,_! wall ( coral is = ! mo/ "p 9 situations :]e ! w9ds are con/ant1 & :5 x rea*es ! surface1 x af=ds a %elt]1 to ! leew>d ( :i* _! infant colonies may be safely s5t =?2 & to ?is _! in/9ctive =esight x seems to be ow+1 t ! w9dw>d side ( a reef expos$ to ! op5 sea1 is g5]ally1 if n always1 ! highe/ "p1 & rises almo/ p]p5dicul>1 sometimes f ! dep? ( two hundr$1 & p]haps _m m fa?oms4 ,to be con/antly cov]$ ) wat]1 seems necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( ! animalcules1 = !y d n "w1 except 9 holes ^u ! reef1 beyond l[-wat] m>k2 b ! coral s& & o!r brok5 remnants ?r[n up by ! sea adh]e to ! rock1 & =m a solid mass ) x1 z high z ! common tides rea*4 ,t elevation surpass$1 ! future remnants1 be+ r>ely cov]$1 lose _! adhesive prop]ty2 & rema9+ 9 a loose /ate1 =m :at is usually call$ a key ^u ! tops ( ! reef4 ,! new bank is n long 9 be+ visit$ by sea-birds2 salt plants take root ^u x1 & a soil beg9s to be =m$2 a cocoa-nut is ?r[n on %ore2 l& birds visit x & deposit ! se$s ( %rubs & trees2 e high tide1 & /ill m e gale1 adds some?+ to ! bank2 ! =m ( an isl& is gradually assum$1 & la/ ( all comes man to take possession4 ,?is isl& is well advanc$ 9 ! above progressive /ate2 hav+ be5 _m ye>s1 probably "s ages1 above ! rea* ( ! highe/ spr+-tides1 or ! wa% ( ! surf 9 ! heavie/ gales4 ,i di/+ui%$1 h[ev]1 9 ! rock :i* =ms its basis1 ! s&1 coral & %ells =m]ly ?r[n up1 9 a m or less p]fect /ate ( cohesion2 small pieces ( wood1 pumice-/one1 & o!r extrane\s bodies1 :i* *ance _h mix$ ) ! calc>e\s sub/ances :5 ! cohesion began1 7 inclos$ 9 ! rock1 &1 9 "s cases1 7 /ill sep>able f x )\t mu* =ce4 ,! upp] "p ( ! isl& is a mixture ( ! same sub/ances 9 a loose /ate1 ) a little vegetable soil1 & is cov]$ ) ! casu>9a & a v>iety ( o!r trees & %rubs1 :i* give food to p>oquets1 pigeons1 & "s o!r birds2 to ^: ance/ors x is probable ! isl& 0 orig9ally indebt$ = ?is vegetation40 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,wide ,,& ,,inhospitable ,,des]ts4 ------------------------------------ ,,asiatic ,,des]ts4 ,9 ,africa1 z well z ,asia1 !re are imm5se tracts ( l& call$ des]ts1 :i* consi/ ( va/ pla9s compos$ ( loose s&4 ,l>ge portions ( ^! are utt]ly de/itute ( vegetation1 & sometimes1 9 cross+ !m1 ! travel] sees n a hill or m\nta91 or human dwell+1 or ev5 a tree or %rub1 or blade ( grass4 ,all ar\nd is a sea ( s&2 & f> z ! eye c rea*1 x is "o sc5e ( lifeless solitude & desolation4 ,^! trackless wa/es are trav]s$ by c>avans1 :i* are companies ( travel]s usually m\nt$ ^u camels4 ,horses travel 9 ^! s&s ) difficulty4 ,_! feet s9k 9 ! soil2 !y are ov]come ) heat1 & p>*$ ) dr\ght4 ,! camel1 on ! contr>y1 has a l>ge1 spongy foot1 :i* does n s9k 9 ! s&2 he c be> excessive heat1 & by a curi\s contrivance ( nature1 is enabl$ to g )\t wat] = five or six days4 ,?is valuable creature is call$ ! %ip ( ! des]t1 because x enables ! m]*ants ( ,asia & ,africa to transport _! m]*&ise ov] ! sea ( s&1 j z a %ip c>ries goods f "o "p ( ! _w to ano!r1 across ! br9y ocean4 ,x seems really z if ,provid5ce _h provid$ ?is s+ul> animal on purpose to enable mank9d to trav]se ! great des]ts :i* are spread out ^u ! ea/]n cont95t4 ,! *ief ,asiatic des]ts are 9 ,p]sia & ,arabia1 ! =m] ( :i* c\ntries conta9s ?ree ( consid]able ext5t & celebrity4 ,! fir/ ( ^! comm5ces on ! ea/ ( ! ,tigris1 9 latitude ?irty-?ree1 & ext5ds to ! nor? ( ,%u/]4 ,! second rea*es f ! vic9ity ( ,korn v ne>ly to ! ,zurra1 9 a l9e1 f ea/ to we/1 ( ab\t f\r hundr$ ,engli% miles1 & f nor? to s\?1 ( ab\t two hundr$ & fifty4 ,9 ! latt] direction x jo9s ! great des]t ( ,k]man1 :i*1 alone1 ext5ds ov] a tract ( ?ree hundr$ & fifty miles4 ,! two may1 !re=e1 be consid]$ z =m+ "o common des]t1 /ret*+ nor?-we/ & s\?-ea/1 ov] a space ( ab\t sev5 hundr$ miles2 ?us int]sect+ ?is wide empire into two ne>ly equal portions4 ,?is va/ region is impregnat$ ) nit] & o!r salts1 :i* ta9t ! neighbor+ lakes & riv]s1 & has1 on t acc\nt1 be5 d5om9at$ ! ,great ,sal9e ,des]t4 ,,arabian ,,des]ts4 ,! s&y des]ts ( ,arabia =m "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ objects ( t c\ntry4 ,f ! hills ( ,omon1 :i* appe> to be a cont9uation ( ^? on ! o!r side ( ! ,p]sian gulf1 z f> z ,mecca1 ! great] "p ( ,negad is "o prodigi\s des]t1 int]rupt$1 t[>d ! fronti]s ( ,hejaz & ,yem51 or ,arabia ,felix1 by ,kirge1 conta9+ ! di/rict ( ,sursa1 & sev]al oases1 or f]tile spots4 ,! nor?-we/ "p ( ,negad pres5ts almo/ a cont9u$ des]t1 & is consid]$ z a prolongation ( ! "o above m5tion$4 ,! ,bel$ el ,h>am1 or ,holy ,l& ( ,islam1 ( :i* ,mecca is ! capital1 is compreh5d$ betwe5 ! ,r$ sea1 & an irregul> l9e :i*1 comm5c+ at ,arabog1 ab\t sixty miles to ! nor? ( ,dj$da1 =ms a b5d f ! nor?-ea/ to ! s\?-ea/1 9 pass+ by ,yelemlem1 two days' j\rney to ! nor?-ea/ ( ,mecca4 ,x !nce cont9ues to ,k>na1 ne>ly sev5ty miles to ! ea/ ( ! same place1 & tw5ty-f\r miles to ! we/ ( ,taif1 :i* is )\t ! limit ( ! ,holy ,l&2 aft] :i*1 turn+ to ! s\?-we/1 x passes by ,drata]k1 & t]m9ates at ,mehh]ma ^u ! coa/1 at ! port nam$ ,alm>sa ,ibrahim1 ab\t n9ety miles to ! s\?-ea/ ( ,dj$da4 ,x !re=e appe>s t ! holy l& is ab\t "o hundr$ & sev5ty miles 9 l5g?1 f ! nor?-we/ to ! s\?-ea/1 & eighty-f\r miles 9 bread?1 f ! nor?-ea/ to ! s\?-we/2 :i* space is compreh5d$ 9 t "p ( ,arabia kn[n by ! "n ( ,el ,h$jeaz1 or ! ,l& ( ,pilgrimage1 & includes ! cities ( ,m$9a & ,taif4 ,x has n any riv]2 & ! only wat] to be f\nd1 is t ( "s inconsid]able spr+s1 :i* are n num]\s1 & ! bracki% wat] obta9$ f ! deep wells4 ,?us x is a real des]t4 ,x is at ,mecca & ,m$9a alone1 t ci/]ns h be5 wr\ght to pres]ve ! ra9-wat]2 on :i* acc\nt1 a g>d5 is v r>ely to be se5 ?r\gh\t ?is va/ t]ritory4 ,! pla9s are compos$ ei!r ( s&1 or b>r5 e>?1 entirely ab&on$2 &1 z ! inhabitants d n1 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry1 s[ any description ( gra91 !y are suppli$ ) fl\r1 c41 f upp] ,egypt1 ,yem5 & ,india4 ,,african ,,des]ts4 ,! mo/ /rik+ feature ( ,africa consi/s ( ! imm5se des]ts :i* p]vade its surface1 & :i* are suppos$ to comprise ! "o-half ( its :ole ext5t4 ,! *ief ( ^! is1 by way ( em95ce1 call$ ,sah>a1 or ! ,des]t4 ,x /ret*es f ! %ores ( ! ,atlantic1 ) few int]ruptions1 to ! conf9es ( ,egypt1 a space ( m ?an =ty-five degrees1 or ab\t ?ree ?\s& miles1 by a bread? ( twelve degrees1 or ab\t n9e hundr$ miles2 its :ole ext5t be+ two-?irds z l>ge z t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is "o prodigi\s expanse ( r$ s&1 & s&/one rock1 ( ! granulations ( :i* ! r$ s& consi/s4 ,x is1 9 tru?1 an empire ( s& :i* seems to defy e ex]tion ( human p[] or indu/ry1 al?\gh x is int]sp]s$ ) v>i\s isl&s1 & f]tile & cultivat$ spots ( diff]5t sizes1 :]e wat] collects 9 spr+s or pools1 ar\nd :i* vegetation spr+s up4 ,^! places1 :i* pres5t a delightful contra/ to ! surr\nd+ /]ility1 & *e] ! eye ( ! we>y travel]1 are call$ oases4 ,fezzan1 or ,fessan1 is ! *ief ( ^? :i* h be5 hi!rto explor$4 ,ne>ly 9 ! c5t] ( ! s\!rn l9e ( ?is s&y ocean1 & ab\t midway betwe5 ! ,m$it]ranean sea & ! coa/ ( ,gu9ea1 rise ! walls ( ,timbuctoo1 a city :i* con/itutes ! great m>t = ! comm]ce ( all ! int]ior ( ,africa4 ,to ma9ta9 ?is comm]ce is ! labori\s "w ( ! akkaba>s1 or c>avans1 :i* cross ?is enorm\s des]t f almo/ e "p ( ! ,african coa/4 ,! mode 9 :i* x is trav]s$ is highly curi\s4 ,! c>avans consi/ ( sev]al hundr$ load$ camels1 accompani$ by ! ,arabs :o let !m out to ! m]*ants = ! transportation ( _! goods4 ,dur+ _! r\te1 !y are (t5 expos$ to ! attacks ( ! rov+ ,arabs ( ,sah>a1 :o g5]ally commit _! depr$ations on ! approa* to ! conf9es ( ! des]t4 ,9 ?is tiresome j\rney1 ! c>avans d n proce$ to ! place ( _! de/9ation1 9 a direct l9e across ! trackless des]t1 b turn occasionally ea/w>d or we/w>d1 accord+ to ! situation ( ! oases ( :i* we h spok51 :i* are int]sp]s$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,sah>a1 l isl&s 9 ! ocean4 ,^! s]ve z wat]+-places to ! m51 z well z to fe$1 refre% & repl5i% ! h>dy & pati5t camel4 ,at ea* ( ^! cultivat$ spots1 ! c>avan soj\rns sev]al days1 & !n proce$s on its j\rney1 until x rea*es ano!r spot ( ! same description4 ,9 ! int]m$iate j\rneys1 ! hot w9ds1 d5om9at$ %ume1 or simoom1 are (t5 s viol5t & p5etrat+1 z consid]ably1 if n entirely1 to exhale ! wat] c>ri$ 9 sk9s by ! camels = ! use ( ! pass5g]s & driv]s4 ,on ^! occasions1 x is affirm$ by ! ,arabs1 five hundr$ doll>s h be5 frequ5tly giv5 = a draught ( wat]1 & t t5 or tw5ty doll>s are (t5 paid1 :5 a p>tial exhalation has occurr$4 ,^! scor*+ w9ds are sometimes call$ ! samiel1 & are suppos$ by "s1 to be pe/il5tial 9 _! nature4 ,9 #ahje1 a c>avan proce$+ f ,timbuctoo to ,tafilet1 0 disappo9t$ 9 n f9d+ wat] at "o ( ! usual wat]+-places1 :51 horrible to relate1 ! :ole ( ! p]sons belong+ to x1 two ?\s& 9 numb]1 besides "o ?\s& eight hundr$ camels1 p]i%$ ( ?ir/6 ,accid5ts ( ?is nature1 acc\nt = ! va/ quantities ( human & o!r bones :i* are f\nd heap$ toge!r 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! des]t4 ,! foll[+ is ! g5]al r\te ( ! c>avans1 9 cross+ ! great des]t4 ,hav+ left ! city ( ,fez1 !y proce$ at ! rate ( ?ree miles & a half an h\r1 & travel sev5 h\rs ea* day4 ,9 ! space ( eighte5 days !y rea* ,akka1 :]e !y rema9 a mon?1 z ?is is ! place ( r5dezv\s at :i* !y are =m$ into "o gr& accumulat$ c>avan4 ,9 proce$+ f ,akka to ,tagassa1 sixte5 days are employ$2 & "h aga91 ! c>avan soj\rns fifte5 days to refre% ! camels4 ,x !n directs its c\rse to ! oasis & well ( ,taud5y1 :i* is rea*$ 9 sev5 days2 &1 aft] ano!r /ay ( fifte5 days1 x proce$s to ,arawan1 a wat]+-place1 situat$ at a l di/ance4 ,aft] hav+ soj\rn$ !re fifte5 days1 x sets out1 & rea*es ,timbuctoo on ! six? day1 aft] hav+ p]=m$ a j\rney ( fifty-f\r days ( actual travel+1 & sev5ty-five ( repose2 mak+1 altoge!r1 f ,fez to ,timbuctoo1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e days1 or f\r lun> mon?s & n9e days4 ,ano!r c>avan sets out f ,w$9oon & ,sok ,assa1 trav]s+ ! des]t betwe5 ! ,black m\nta9s ( ,cape ,bojador & ,gualata3 x t\*es at ,tagassa & ,el ,g>bie1 or ,we/ ,tagassa1 :]e hav+ /aid to collect salt1 x proce$s to ,timbuctoo4 ,! "t occupi$ by ?is c>avan is five or six mon?s1 z x proce$s z f> z ,gibbelel-bi$1 or ! ,:ite m\nta9s1 ne> ,cape ,blanco1 ?r\gh ! des]ts ( ,mograffa & ,wol$ ,abusebah1 to a place nam$ ,agade51 :]e x soj\rns tw5ty days4 ,! c>avans :i* cross ! des]t1 may be comp>$ to fleets ( m]*ant vessels "u convoy2 ! /ata1 or convoy ( ! des]t1 consi/+ ( a c]ta9 numb] ( ,arabs1 belong+ to ! tribe ?r\gh ^: t]ritory ! c>avan passes4 ,?us1 9 cross+ ! t]ritory ( ,wol$ ,abusebah1 x is accompani$ by ,sebayhees1 or p ( t c\ntry1 :o1 on rea*+ ! conf9es ( ! t]ritory ( ,wol$ ,deleim1 deliv] _! *>ge to ! protection ( ! *iefs ( t c\ntry4 ,^!1 aga91 conduct x to ! conf9es ( ! t]ritory ( ! ,mograffa ,arabs1 "u ^: c>e x at l5g? rea*es ,timbuctoo4 ,any assault on ! c>avan dur+ ?is j\rney1 is consid]$ z an insult to ! :ole tribe to :i* ! convoy belongs2 & = su* an outrage !y nev] fail to take ample rev5ge4 ,besides ^! gr& c>avans1 o!rs cross ! des]t1 on an em]g5cy1 )\t a convoy or gu>d4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 a p]il\s exp$ition1 z !y are too (t5 plund]$ ne> ! nor!rn conf9es ( ! des]t1 by two notori\s tribes1 nam$ ,dikna & ,emjot4 ,9 ! ye> #agih1 a c>avan consi/+ ( two ?\s& camels1 lad5 ) ! produce ( ! ,s\dan t]ritory1 toge!r ) sev5 hundr$ slaves1 0 plund]$ & disp]s$1 ) great slaught]4 ,^! desp]ate attacks are conduct$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! tribe be+ assembl$1 ! horses are picket$ at ! entrance ( ! t5ts1 & sc\ts s5t out1 to give notice :5 a c>avan is likely to pass4 ,^! sc\ts be+ m\nt$ on ! fleet horses ( ! des]t1 quickly communicate ! intellig5ce1 & ! :ole tribe m\nt _! horses1 tak+ ) !m a suffici5t numb] ( female camels1 on ^: milk !y entirely subsi/4 ,hav+ plac$ !mselves 9 ambu% ne> an oasis1 or wat]+-place1 !y issue !nce on ! arrival ( ! c>avan1 :i* !y plund] )\t m]cy1 leav+ ! un=tunate m]*ants entirely de/itute4 ,! food1 dress & accommodations ( ! p :o compose ! c>avans1 are simple & natural4 ,be+ prohibit$ by _! religion ! use ( w9e & intoxicat+ liquors1 & exhort$ by its pr9ciples to temp]ance 9 all ?+s1 !y are commonly satisfi$ ) a few n\ri%+ dates1 & a draught ( wat]1 travel+ = weeks successively )\t any o!r food4 ,at o!r times1 :5 !y und]take a j\rney ( a few weeks across ! des]t1 a little b>ley meal1 mix$ ) wat]1 con/itutes _! only n\ri%m5t4 ,9 foll[+ up ?is ab/emi\s mode ( life1 !y nev] compla91 b solace !mselves ) ! hope ( rea*+ _! native c\ntry1 s++ occasionally dur+ ! j\rney1 :5ev] !y approa* a habitation1 or :5 ! camels are fatigu$4 ,_! songs are usually sung 9 trio2 & ^? ( ! camel-driv]s :o h musical voices1 jo9 9 ! *orus4 ,^! songs h a surpris+ effect 9 r5ovat+ ! camels2 :ile ! symphony & "t ma9ta9$ by ! s+]s1 surpass :at any "o w\ld conceive :o has n he>d !m4 ,! day's j\rney is t]m9at$ e>ly 9 ! aft]noon1 :5 ! t5ts are pit*$1 pray]s said1 & ! supp] prep>$ by sunset4 ,! gue/s n[ arrange !mselves 9 a circle1 &1 ! sob] meal be+ t]m9at$1 conv]se till !y are ov]come by sleep4 ,at day-break next morn+1 !y aga9 proce$ on _! j\rney4 ,x might seem t ^! inhabitants ( ! des]t w\ld lead a mis]able life1 & especially t !y w\ld (t5 be swall[$ up 9 ! t]rific s& /orms1 :i* sometimes sweep ov] ^! wa/es4 ,! s&1 be+ loose & dry1 is borne upw>d by ! :irl+ tempe/1 & is se5 driv+ ov] ! pla91 l a t]rific ?und]-cl\d4 ,! exp]i5c$ travel] sees ! com+ dang]1 & prep>es himself = x4 ,he ?r[s himself ^u ! gr\nd1 & cov]s 8 face s z n to be *ok$ ) ! du/4 ,! horses & camels1 guid$ by in/9ct1 also put _! noses to ! e>? to prev5t be+ suffocat$4 ,if ! /orm is slight1 ! p>ty escapes2 b sometimes1 su* imm5se waves ( s& are drift$ ^u ! w9d1 z to bury ! travel] deeply b5ea? x1 & make x 8 w9d+-%eet =ev]4 ,sometimes :ole c>avans1 ) _! horses & camels1 h be5 9 ?is mann] ov]:elm$2 ?us mak+ ! waves ( ! des]t z fatal z ! waves ( ! sea4 ,yet1 despite ! t]rors ( ! des]t1 ! ,arabs are a lively & *e]ful race4 ,on _! m>*1 !y /op at night2 & 9 _! t5ts1 spread b5ea? ! />ry canopy1 ! laugh1 ! je/ & ! song g r\nd4 ,!re are among !m pr(ess$ /ory-tell]s1 :o delight ! li/5]s ) fanciful tales ( en*antm5t1 adv5ture1 & love1 or p]haps !y repeat1 9 an animat$ mann]1 "s f9e specim5s ( ,arabic poetry4 ,?us x is1 t mank9d1 occupy+ ! gloomie/ p>ts ( ! e>?1 h amusem5ts4 ,z ! /eel is made to yield its sp>k1 s ! ,arab f9ds pleasure 9 ! des]t4 ,,pilgrimage ,,across ,,! ,,des]ts4 ,! foll[+ v lively description ( a pilgrimage across ! des]t1 is giv5 by ,ali ,bey1 9 8 travels 9 ,morocco1 ,tripoli1 c4 ,x is an animat$ picture1 :i* portrays 9 ! /ronge/ colors ! p]ils & suff]+s enc\nt]$ 9 ^! ent]prises4 8,we cont9u$ m>*+ on 9 great ha/e1 = fe> ( be+ ov]tak5 by ! f\r hundr$ ,arabs :om we wi%$ to avoid4 ,= ?is reason we nev] kept ! common road1 b pass$ ?r\gh ! middle ( ! des]t1 m>*+ ?r\gh /ony places1 ov] easy hills4 ,?is c\ntry is entirely )\t wat]2 n a tree is to be se5 9 x1 n a rock :i* c af=d a %elt] or %ade4 ,a transp>5t atmosph]e2 an int5se sun1 d>t+ its beams ^u our heads2 a gr\nd almo/ :ite1 & commonly ( a concave =m1 l a burn+-glass2 slight breezes1 scor*+ l a flame4 ,su* is a fai?ful picture ( ?is di/rict1 ?r\gh :i* we 7 pass+4 ,e man we meet 9 ?is des]t is look$ ^u z an enemy4 ,hav+ discov]$ ab\t noon a man 9 arms1 on horseback1 :o kept at a c]ta9 di/ance1 my ?irte5 ,b$\9s unit$ ! mom5t !y p]ceiv$ him1 & d>t$ l an arr[ to ov]take him1 utt]+ l\d cries1 :i* !y int]rupt$ by expressions ( contempt & d]ision2 z1 #8,:at are y seek+1 my bro!r8' #8,:]e are y go+1 my son8' ,z !y made ^! exclamations !y kept play+ ) _! guns above _! heads4 ,! discov]$ ,b$\9 pr(it$ by 8 advantage1 & fl$ into ! m\nta9s1 :]e x 0 impossible to foll[ him4 ,we met no "o else4 8,we _h n[ nei!r eat5 nor drank s9ce ! prec$+ day2 our horses & o!r bea/s 7 equally de/itute2 ?\gh ev] s9ce n9e 9 ! ev5+ we _h be5 travel+ rapidly4 ,%ortly aft] noon we _h n a drop ( wat] rema9+1 & ! m51 z well z ! poor animals1 7 worn out ) fatigue4 ,! mules1 /umbl+ e mom5t1 requir$ assi/ance to lift !m up aga91 & to support _! burd5 till !y rose4 ,?is t]rible ex]tion exhau/$ ! little /r5g? we _h left4 ,at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon a man dropp$ d[n /iff1 & z if dead1 f great fatigue & ?ir/4 ,i /opp$ ) ?ree or f\r ( my p to assi/ him4 ,! little wet :i* 0 left 9 "o ( ! lea!rn budgets1 0 squeez$ out ( x1 & "s drops ( wat] p\r$ into ! poor man's m\?1 b )\t any effect4 ,i n[ felt t my own /r5g? 0 beg9n+ to =sake me2 & becom+ v weak1 ,i det]m9$ to m\nt on horseback1 leav+ ! poor fell[ beh9d4 ,f ?is mom5t o!rs ( my c>avan began to drop successively1 & !re 0 no possibility ( giv+ !m any assi/ance2 !y 7 ab&on$ to _! unhappy de/9y1 z e "o ?\ght only ( sav+ himself4 ,sev]al mules ) _! burd5s 7 left beh9d1 & ,i f\nd on my way two ( my trunks on ! gr\nd1 )\t kn[+ :at 0 become ( ! mules :i* _h be5 c>ry+ !m1 ! driv]s hav+ =sak5 !m z well z ! c>e ( my effects & ( my in/rum5ts4 8,i look$ ^u ?is loss ) ! greate/ indiff]5ce1 z if !y _h n belong$ to me1 & pu%$ on4 ,b my horse began n[ to tremble "u me1 & yet he 0 ! /ronge/ ( ! :ole c>avan4 ,we proce$$ 9 sil5t despair4 ,:5 ,i endeavor$ to enc\rage any ( ! p>ty to increase 8 pace1 he answ]$ me by look+ /eadily at me1 & by putt+ 8 =e-f+] to 8 m\? to indicate ! great ?ir/ by :i* he 0 affect$4 ,z ,i 0 reproa*+ our conduct+ (fic]s = _! inatt5tion1 :i* _h occasion$ ?is want ( wat]1 !y excus$ !mselves by alleg+ ! mut9y ( ! oudaias2 & besides1 add$ !y1 #8,d we n suff] l ! re/8' ,our fate 0 ! m %ock+1 z e "o ( u 0 s5sible ( ! impossibility ( support+ ! fatigue to ! place :]e we 7 to meet ) wat] aga94 ,at la/1 at ab\t f\r 9 ! ev5+1 ,i _h my turn & fell d[n ) ?ir/ & fatigue4 ,ext5d$ )\t consci\sness on ! gr\nd 9 ! middle ( ! des]t1 left only ) f\r or five m51 "o ( :om _h dropp$ at ! same mom5t ) myself1 & all )\t any means ( assi/+ me1 because !y knew n :]e to f9d wat]1 &1 if !y _h kn[n x1 _h n /r5g? to fet* x1 ,i %\ld h p]i%$ ) !m on ! spot1 if provid5ce1 by a k9d ( miracle1 _h n pres]v$ u4 8,half an h\r _h already elaps$ s9ce ,i _h fall5 s5seless to ! gr\nd1 7z ,i h s9ce be5 told17 :51 at "s di/ance1 a consid]able c>avan1 ( m ?an two ?\s& s\ls1 0 se5 advanc+4 ,x 0 "u ! direction ( a m>ab\t or sa9t call$ ,sidi ,al>bi1 :o 0 s5t by ! sultan to ,ttems5 or ,tremec54 ,see+ u 9 ?is di/ress$ situation1 he ord]$ "s sk9s ( wat] to be ?r[n ov] u4 ,aft] ,i _h receiv$ sev]al ( !m ov] my face & h&s1 ,i recov]$ my s5ses1 op5$ my eyes1 & look$ ar\nd me1 )\t be+ able to disc]n anybody4 ,at la/1 h[ev]1 ,i di/+ui%$ sev5 or eight %]eefs & faquirs1 :o gave me _! assi/ance1 & %[$ me mu* k9dness4 ,i endeavor$ to speak to !m1 b an inv9cible knot 9 my ?roat seem$ to h9d] me2 ,i c\ld only make myself und]/ood by signs1 & by po9t+ to my m\? ) my f+]4 ,!y cont9u$ p\r+ wat] ov] my face1 arms & h&s1 & at la/ ,i 0 able to swall[ small m\?fuls4 ,?is enabl$ me to ask1 #8,:o are y8' ,:5 !y he>d me speak1 !y express$ _! joy1 & answ]$ me1 #8,fe> no?+2 f> f be+ robb]s1 we are y\r fri5ds2' & e "o m5tion$ 8 "n4 ,i began by degrees to recollect _! faces1 b 0 n able to rememb] _! names4 ,!y !n p\r$ ov] me a /ill great] quantity ( wat]1 gave me "s to dr9k1 fill$ "s ( my lea!r bags1 & left me 9 ha/e1 z e m9ute sp5t 9 ?is place 0 preci\s to !m1 & c\ld n be repair$4 8,?is attack ( ?ir/ is p]ceiv$ all ( a sudd5 by an extreme aridity ( ! sk92 ! eyes appe> to be bloody2 ! tongue & m\?1 bo? inside & outside1 are cov]$ ) a cru/ ( ! ?ickness ( a cr[n piece2 ?is cru/ is ( a d>k yell[ color1 ( an insipid ta/e1 & ( a consi/5ce l ! s(t wax f a beehive4 ,a fa9tness or languor takes away ! p[] to move2 a k9d ( knot 9 ! ?roat & diaphragm1 att5d$ ) great pa91 int]rupts respiration4 ,"s w&]+ te>s escape f ! eyes1 & at la/ ! suff]] drops d[n to ! e>?1 & 9 a few mom5ts loses all consci\sness4 ,^! are ! symptoms :i* ,i rem>k$ 9 my un=tunate fell[-travel]s1 & :i* ,i exp]i5c$ myself4 ,i got ) difficulty on my horse aga91 & we proce$$ on our j\rney4 ,my ,b$\9s & my fai?ful ,salem 7 gone on diff]5t directions to f9d out "s wat]1 & two h\rs aft]w>d !y return$ "o aft] ano!r1 c>ry+ along ) !m "s good or bad wat]1 z !y _h be5 able to f9d x3 e "o pres5t$ to me "p ( :at he _h br\ght2 ,i 0 oblig$ to ta/e x1 & ,i drank tw5ty times1 b z soon z ,i swall[$ x my m\? became z dry z be=e2 at la/ ,i 0 n able ei!r to spit or to speak4 8,! greate/ "p ( ! soil ( ! des]t consi/s ( pure clay1 except "s small traces ( a calc>e\s nature4 ,! :ole surface is cov]$ ) a b$ ( *alky1 calc>e\s /one ( a :iti% color1 smoo?1 r\nd & loose1 & ( ! size ( ! fi/2 !y are almo/ all ( ! same dim5sion1 & _! surface is c>i\s l pieces ( old mort>3 ,i look ^u ?is to be a true volcanic production4 ,?is b$ is ext5d$ ) su* p]fect regul>ity1 t ! :ole des]t is cov]$ ) x2 a circum/ance :i* makes pac+ ov] x v fatigu+ to ! travel]4 ,no animal is to be se5 9 ?is des]t1 nei!r quadrup$s1 birds1 reptiles1 nor insects1 nor any plant :atev]2 & ! travel] :o is oblig$ to pass ?r\gh x1 is surr\nd$ by ! sil5ce ( dea?4 ,x 0 n till f\r 9 ! ev5+ t we began to di/+ui% "s small plants burnt ) ! sun1 & a tree ( a ?orny nature )\t blossom or fruit40 ,! passage across ! ,nubian des]t1 is1 9 its g5]al features1 ! same z t ov] ! great des]t ( ,sah>a4 ,! foll[+ n>rative is some:at abridg$ f ,bay>d ,taylor's 8,j\rney to ,c5tral ,africa40 8,my little c>avan consi/$ ( six camels1 includ+ t ( ! guide4 ,we pass$ ! mis]able hamlet ( ,korosko1 turn$ a corn] ( ! m\nta9 *a9 into a n>r[1 /ony valley1 & 9 a few m9utes lo/ sight ( ! ,nile & 8 belt ( palms4 ,!nce=w>d1 = _m days1 ! only gre5 ?+ to be se5 9 ! wild]ness 0 myself4 ,! fir/ day's j\rney lay among rugg$ hills1 ?r[n toge!r 9 confusion1 ) no app>5t sy/em or direction4 ,!y 7 ( jet black s&/one1 & resembl$ imm5se piles ( coke or an?racite4 ,! small gl5s & bas9s inclos$ 9 ?is *aos1 7 fill$ ) gl[+ yell[ s&1 :i*1 9 _m places1 /ream$ d[n ! crevices ( ! black rocks1 l rivulets ( fire4 ,! pa? 0 /rewn ) holl[ globes ( h>d1 black /ones1 precisely resembl+ cannon-balls4 ,! guide gave me "o ( ! size ( a rifle bullet1 ) a seam ar\nd ! c5t]1 z if ca/ 9 a mold4 ,! !rmomet] %[$ a temp]ature ( eighty degrees at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 b ! heat 0 temp]$ by a pure fre% breeze4 ,aft] eight h\rs' travel1 ,i made my fir/ camp1 at sunset1 9 a little holl[ inclos$ by ! m\nta9s1 :]e a gray jackal1 aft] be+ twice %ot at1 came & look$ into ! door ( ! t5t4 8,i f\nd drom$>y-rid+ n at all difficult4 ,"o sits on a v l(ty seat1 ) 8 feet cross$ ov] ! animal's %\ld]s1 or re/+ on 8 neck4 ,! body is oblig$ to rock backw>d & =w>d1 on acc\nt ( ! long1 sw++ gait2 & z !re is no /ay or fulcrum1 except a blunt pommel1 ar\nd :i* ! legs are cross$1 "s little p[] ( equilibrium is necess>y4 ,my drom$>y 0 a /rong1 /ately bea/1 ( a light cream color1 & ( s ev5 a gait t x w\ld be> ! ,arab te/3 t is1 "o might dr9k a cup ( c(fee :ile go+ on a full trot1 )\t spill+ a drop4 ,i f\nd great advantage 9 ! use ( ! ori5tal co/ume4 ,my tr[s]s all[$ ! legs p]fect fre$om ( motion1 & ,i soon le>n$ s _m diff]5t modes ( cross+ ^? memb]s t no day 0 suffici5t to exhau/ !m4 ,! ris+ & kneel+ ( ! animal is haz>d\s at fir/1 z 8 long legs d\ble toge!r l a c>p5t]'s rule1 & y are ?r[n backw>d & !n =w>d1 & !n backw>d aga92 b ! trick is soon le>n$4 ,! sor5ess & fatigue ( :i* _m travel]s compla91 ,i nev] felt2 & ,i attribute mu* ( x to ! ,frank dress4 ,i rode f eight to t5 h\rs a day1 read & ev5 dream$ 9 ! saddle1 & 0 at night z fre% & unwe>i$ z :5 ,i m\nt$ 9 ! morn+4 8,my c>avan 0 accompani$ by f\r ,arabs4 ,!y own$ ! burd5 camels1 :i* !y urg$ along ) ! cry ( #8,yoho6 ,%ekh ,abd-el ,kad]6' & a %rill b>b>ic song1 ! refra9 ( :i* 01 #8,o prophet ( ,god1 help ! camels1 & br+ u safely to our j\rney's end6' ,!y 7 v susceptible to cold1 & a temp]ature ( fifty degrees1 :i* we frequ5tly _h 9 ! morn+1 made !m tremble l asp5 leaves1 & !y 7 sometimes s b5umb$ t !y c\ld sc>cely lead ! camels4 ,!y wore long swords1 c>ri$ 9 a lea!rn scabb>d ov] ! left %\ld]1 & sometimes favor$ u ) a w>-dance1 :i* consi/$ m]ely 9 spr++ into ! air ) a br&i%$ sword1 & turn+ r\nd once be=e com+ d[n4 ,!y 7 all v dev\t1 retir+ a %ort di/ance f ! road to say _! pray]s1 at ! usual h\rs1 & p]=m+ ! prescrib$ ablutions ) s& in/ead ( wat]4 ,on ! second morn+1 we pass$ ?r\gh a gorge 9 ! black hills1 & ent]$ a region call$ ,el ,biban1 or #8,! ,gates4' ,"h ! m\nta9s1 ?\gh /ill gr\p$ 9 ! same disord]1 7 m op51 & gave room to pla9s ( s& sev]al miles 9 l5g?4 ,! n>r[ op5+s1 ?r\gh :i* ! road passes f "o pla9 to ano!r1 gave rise to ! "n4 ,! m\nta9s are high] ?an on ! ,nile1 & pres5t ! mo/ wond]ful configurations3 t[]s1 =tresses1 walls1 pyramids1 temples 9 ru91 ( an inky blackness ne> at h&1 b t+$ ( a deep1 gl[+ violet hue 9 ! di/ance4 ,t[>d noon ,i saw a mirage1 a lake 9 :i* ! brok5 peaks 7 reflect$ ) great di/9ctness4 ,"o ( ! ,nubians :o 0 ) u1 po9t$ out a spot :]e he 0 oblig$ to climb ! rocks1 ! previ\s summ]1 to avoid be+ dr[n$4 ,dur+ ! heavy tropical ra9s :i* sometimes fall "h1 ! hundr$s ( pyramidal hills p\r d[n su* floods t ! s& c n imm$iately dr9k !m up1 & ! valleys are turn$ into lakes4 ,! man describ$ ! ro>+ ( ! wat]s1 d[n ! clefts ( ! rocks1 z some?+ t]rible4 ,9 summ] ! passage ( ! des]t is mu* m ardu\s ?an 9 w9t]1 & _m m5 & camels p]i%4 ,! road 0 /rewn ) bones & c>casses1 & ,i frequ5tly c\nt$ tw5ty dead camels )9 a /one's ?r[4 ,! /one-heaps :i* are se5 on all ! spurs ( ! hills1 z l&m>ks = c>avans1 h become useless1 s9ce "o c\ld f9d 8 way by ! bones 9 ! s&4 ,my guide1 :o 0 a great believ] 9 afrites & devils1 said t =m]ly _m p]sons lo/ ! way & p]i%$ f ?ir/1 all ( :i* 0 ! "w ( evil spirits4 ,t[>d noon1 on ! ?ird day1 we pass$ ! la/ ( ! #8gates1' & ent]$ ! ,bahr bela ,ma1 7riv] )\t wat]17 a broad pla9 ( burn+ yell[ s&4 ,! gateway is v impos+1 especially on ! ea/]n side1 :]e x is brok5 by a valley or gorge ( ,t>t>ean blackness4 ,z we pass$ ! la/ peak1 my guide1 :o _h ridd5 9 advance1 dism\nt$ beside :at seem$ to be a collection ( graves--little ridges ( s&1 ) r\gh head & foot /ones4 ,he sat by "o :i* he _h j made4 ,z ,i came up he in=m$ me t all travel]s :o cross$ ! ,nubian des]t1 = ! fir/ "t1 are "h expect$ to pay a toll1 or fee to ! guide & camel-m54 #8,b :at if ,i d n *oose to pay8' ,i ask$4 #8,!n y w imm$iately p]i%1 & be buri$ "h4 ,! graves are ^? ( p]sons :o refus$ to pay4' ,z ,i _h no wi% to occupy ! beautiful m\nd he _h heap$ = me1 ) ! ?igh-bones ( a camel at ! head & foot1 ,i gave ! m5 a few pia/]s1 & pass$ ! place4 ,he !n pluck$ up ! bones & ?rew !m away1 & re/or$ ! s& to its orig9al level4#h ----- ,footnote #h3 8,burckh>dt gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! same cu/om1 9 8 travels 9 ,nubia4 #8,9 two h\rs & a half we came to a pla9 on ! top ( ! m\nta9 call$ ,akabet el ,b5at1 ! ,rocks ( ! ,girls4 ,"h ! ,arabs :o s]ve z guides ?r\gh ^! m\nta9s1 h devis$ a s+ul> mode ( extort+ pres5ts f ! travel]3 !y alight at c]ta9 spots 9 ! ,akabet ,el ,b5at1 & beg a pres5t2 if x is refus$1 !y collect a heap ( s&1 & mold x into ! =m ( a dim9utive tomb1 & !n plac+ a /one at ea* ( ! extremities1 !y apprise ! travel] t 8 tomb is made2 mean+1 t h5ce=w>d1 !re w be no security = him1 9 ?is rocky wild]ness4 ,mo/ p]sons pay a trifl+ contribution1 r ?an h _! graves made be=e _! eyes2 !re 71 h[ev]1 sev]al tombs ( ?is description disp]s$ ov] ! pla94'0 ----- 8,! ,bahr bela ,ma spread out be=e u1 glitt]+ 9 ! hot sun4 ,ab\t a mile to ! ea/w>d lay 7app>5tly7 a lake ( blue wat]4 ,re$s & wat]-plants grew on its m>g91 & its smoo? surface reflect$ ! rugg$ outl9e ( ! hill beyond4 ,! wat]less riv] is ab\t two miles 9 bread?1 & appe>s to h be5 at "o "t ! b$ ( a l>ge /ream4 ,x crosses all ! c>avan r\tes 9 ! des]t1 & is suppos$ to ext5d f ! ,nile to ! ,r$ sea4 ,x may h be5 ! outlet = ! riv]1 be=e its wat]s =c$ a passage ?r\gh ! primitive *a9s :i* cross its b$ at ,ass\an & ,kalab%ee4 ,a geological exploration ( ?is "p ( ,africa c\ld n fail to produce v int]e/+ results4 ,beyond ! ,bahr bela ,ma ext5ds ! broad c5tral plateau ( ! des]t1 fifte5 hundr$ feet above ! sea4 ,x is a va/ rea* ( yell[ s&1 dott$ ) l[1 isolat$ hills1 :i* 9 "s places are bas$ on l>ge b$s ( light-gray s&/one ( an unusually f9e & ev5 gra94 ,small t[]s ( /one h be5 erect$ on ! hills ne>e/ ! road1 9 ord] to guide ! c\ri]s :o travel by night4 ,ne> "o ( !m ! guide po9t$ out ! grave ( a m]*ant1 :o _h be5 murd]$ !re two ye>s previ\s1 by 8 ?ree slaves4 ,! latt] escap$ into ! des]t1 b probably p]i%$1 z !y 7 nev] he>d ( aft]w>d4 ,9 ! smoo?1 loose s&1 ,i _h an opportunity ( reviv+ my =gott5 k ( trackography1 & soon le>n$ to di/+ui% ! feet ( hy5as1 foxes1 o/ri*es1 lame camels & o!r animals4 ,! guide assur$ me t !re 7 devils 9 ! des]t2 b "o only sees !m :5 he travels alone4 8,on ?is pla9 ! mirage1 :i* fir/ appe>$ 9 ! ,biban1 pres5t$ itself "u a v>iety ( wond]ful aspects4 ,!nce=?1 ,i saw x e day1 = h\rs toge!r1 & tri$ to d$uce "s rules f ! "* ( its ph5om5a4 ,x appe>s on all sides1 except t directly opposite to ! sun1 b r>ely be=e n9e 9 ! morn+1 or aft] ?ree ( ! aft]noon4 ,! color ( ! app>5t wat] is always precisely t ( ! sky1 & ?is is a good te/ to di/+ui% x f real wat]1 :i* is inv>iably ( a deep] hue4 ,x is se5 on a gravelly z well z a s&y surface1 & (t5 fills ) %9+ pools ! slight depressions 9 ! soil at ! bases ( ! hills4 ,:]e x ext5ds to ! horizon !re is no app>5t l9e1 & x !n becomes an inlet ( ! sky1 z if ! walls ( heav5 7 melt+ d[n & fl[+ 9 ^u ! e>?4 ,sometimes a :ole m\nta9 *a9 is lift$ f ! horizon & hung 9 ! air1 ) its reflect$ image jo9$ to x1 base to base4 ,i frequ5tly saw1 dur+ ! =5oon1 lakes ( sp>kl+ blue wat]1 app>5tly n a qu>t] ( a mile di/ant4#i ,! waves ripple 9 ! w9d2 tall re$s & wat]-plants gr[ on ! m>g91 & ! des]t rocks beh9d ca/ _! %ad[s on ! surface4 ,x is impossible to believe x a delusion4 ,y advance ne>]1 & sudd5ly1 y "k n h[1 ! lake vani%es4 ,!re is a grayi% film ov] ! spot1 b be=e y h decid$ :e!r ! film is 9 ! air or 9 y\r eyes1 t too disappe>s1 & y see only ! nak$ s&4 ,:at y took to be re$s & wat]-plants probably %[s itself z a /reak ( d>k gravel4 ,! mo/ probable explanation ( ! mirage :i* ,i c\ld ?9k (1 01 t x 0 actually a reflection ( ! sky ^u a /ratum ( heat$ air1 next ! s&4 ----- ,footnote #i3 ,9 a previ\s *apt]1 ,taylor says3 8,be=e return+ on bo>d1 we saw a wond]ful mirage4 ,two lakes ( blue wat]1 glitt]+ 9 ! sun1 lay spread 9 ! yell[ s&s1 app>5tly n m ?an a mile di/ant4 ,!re 0 n ! lea/ sign ( vapor 9 ! air2 & z we 7 q unacqua9t$ ) ! appe>ance ( ! mirage1 we decid$ t ! lakes 7 ,nile wat]1 left f ! inundation4 ,i po9t$ to !m1 & ask$ ! ,arabs1 #8,is t wat]8' #8,no1 no6' !y all exclaim$2 #8t is no wat]2 t is ,b> ,%aytan1' a riv] ( ! devil60 ----- 8,i f\nd ! des]t life n only endurable b v agreeable4 ,no matt] h[ w>m x might be at midday1 ! nights 7 always fre% & cool1 & ! w9d blew /rong f ! nor?-we/1 dur+ ! great] "p ( ! "t4 ,! temp]ature v>i$ f fifty or fifty-five degrees at six 9 ! morn+1 to eighty or eighty-five degrees at two 9 ! aft]noon4 ,! extremes 7 =ty-sev5 & a hundr$ degrees4 ,s great a *ange ( temp]ature e day 0 n s unpleasant z might be suppos$4 ,9 my case1 ,nature seem$ to make a special provision 9 ord] to keep ! balance "r4 ,dur+ ! hot h\rs ( ! day ,i nev] suff]$ inconv5i5ce f ! heat1 b up to eighty-five degrees felt suffici5tly cool4 ,i seem$ to absorb ! rays ( ! sun1 & z night came on & ! temp]ature ( ! air fell1 t ( my sk9 rose1 till at la/ ,i gl[$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 l a live coal4 ,x 0 a peculi> s5sation1 :i* ,i nev] exp]i5c$ be=e1 b 0 r pleasant ?an o!rwise4 ,my face1 h[ev]1 :i* 0 alt]nately expos$ to ! heat radiat$ f ! s&1 & ! ke5 morn+ w9d1 c\ld n accommodate itself to s mu* contraction & expansion4 ,! sk9 crack$ & peel$ (f m ?an once1 & ,i 0 oblig$ to rub x daily ) butt]4 ,i m\nt$ my drom$>y ) a #8%9+ morn+ face1' until1 f alt]nate butt]+ & burn+1 x atta9$ ! hue & crispness ( a well-ba/$ p>tridge4 8,i soon fell into a regul> daily r\t9e ( travel1 :i*1 dur+ all my lat] exp]i5ces ( ! des]t1 nev] became monoton\s4 ,i rose at dawn e morn+1 ba!d my eyes ) a h&ful ( ! preci\s wat]1 & drank a cup ( c(fee4 ,aft] ! t5t _h be5 /ruck & ! camels lad51 ,i walk$ ahead = two h\rs1 (t5 s f> 9 advance t ,i lo/ sight & he>+ ( ! c>avan4 ,i f\nd an unspeakable fasc9ation 9 ! sublime solitude ( ! des]t4 ,i (t5 beheld ! sun rise1 :51 )9 ! wide r+ ( ! horizon1 !re 0 no o!r liv+ creature to be se54 ,he came up 9 awful glory1 & x w\ld h be5 a natural act1 _h ,i ca/ myself ^u ! s& & wor%ip$ him4 ,! sudd5 *ange 9 ! color+ ( ! l&scape1 on 8 appe>ance1 ! light+ up ( ! dull s& into a w>m gold5 hue1 & ! t9t+s ( purple & violet on ! di/ant porphyry hills1 0 a morn+ miracle1 :i* ,i nev] beheld )\t awe4 ,! ri*ness ( ?is color+ made ! des]t beautiful2 x 0 too brilliant = desolation4 ,! sc5]y1 s f> f depress+1 inspir$ & exhil>at$ me4 ,i nev] felt ! s5sation ( physical heal? & /r5g? 9 su* p]fection1 & 0 ready to %\t f morn+ till night1 f ! ov]fl[ ( happy spirits4 ,! air is an elixir ( life1 z sweet & pure & refre%+ z t :i* ! fir/ man brea!d1 on ! morn+ ( creation4 ,y inhale ! unadult]at$ elem5ts ( ! atmosph]e1 = !re are no exhalations f moi/ e>?1 vegetable matt]1 or ! smokes & /eams :i* arise f ! abodes ( m51 to /a9 its purity4 ,?is air1 ev5 m ?an its sil5ce & solitude1 is ! secret ( "o's atta*m5t to ! des]t4 ,x is a beautiful illu/ration ( ! comp5sat+ c>e ( t provid5ce :i* leaves none ( ! wa/e places ( ! e>? )\t "s aton+ glory4 ,:]e all ! pleasant aspects ( nature are want+2 :]e !re is no gre5 ?+1 no f\nt = ! ?ir/y lip1 sc>cely ! %ad[ ( a rock to %ield ! w&]] 9 ! blaz+ noon2 ,god has brea!d ^u ! wild]ness 8 sweete/ & t5d]e/ brea?1 giv+ cle>ness to ! eye1 /r5g? to ! frame1 & ! mo/ joy\s exhil>ation to ! spirits4 8,a*met always insi/$ on my tak+ a sab] z a protection aga9/ ! hy5as1 b ,i 0 nev] s =tunate z to see m ?an _! tracks1 :i* cross$ ! pa? at e /ep4 ,i saw occasionally ! footpr9ts ( o/ri*es1 b !y1 z well z ! giraffe1 are sc>ce 9 ?is des]t4 ,t[>d noon1 we made a halt 9 ! %ad[ ( a rock1 or if no rock 0 at h&1 on ! b>e s&1 & took our breakfa/4 ,"o's daily bread is nev] sweet] ?an 9 ! des]t4 ,! re/ ( ! day ,i jogg$ along pati5tly beside ! baggage camels1 & at sunset halt$ = ! night4 ,a divan on ! s&1 & a well-fill$ pipe1 gave me pati5ce :ile d9n] 0 prep>+1 & aft]w>d ,i made ! necess>y entries 9 my j\rnal4 ,i _h no ne$ to c\rt sleep1 aft] be+ rock$ all day on ! drom$>y4 ,until noon ( ! f\r? day we j\rney$ ov] a va/ pla9 ( s&1 int]rupt$ by l[ reefs ( black rock4 ,soon aft] midday ! pla9 0 brok5 by l[ ranges ( hills1 & we saw 9 front & to ! ea/ ( u _m blue m\nta9-*a9s4 ,our road approa*$ "o ( !m1 a range1 sev]al miles 9 l5g?1 ! highe/ peak ( :i* rea*$ an altitude ( a ?\s& feet4 ,! sides 7 precipit\s & =m$ ( v]tical /rata1 b ! cre/s 7 agglom]ations ( loose /ones1 z if %ak5 out ( "s enorm\s coal-scuttle4 ,! gl5s & gorges 7 black z ink2 no speck ( any o!r color reliev$ ! t]rible gloom ( ?is s+ul> gr\p ( hills4 ,_! aspect 0 mu* m ?an /]ile3 x 0 inf]nal4 ,! "n giv5 to !m by ! guide 0 ,djilet e' ,dj9dee1 ! mean+ ( :i* ,i c\ld n le>n4 ,at _! foot ,i f\nd a few ?orny %rubs1 ! fir/ sign ( vegetation s9ce leav+ ,korosko4 ,we encamp$ half an h\r be=e sunset on a gravelly pla91 betwe5 two spurs ( ! savage hills1 9 ord] t our camels might br[se on ! %rubs1 & !y 7 only too ready to take advantage ( ! p]mission4 ,!y snapp$ (f ! h>d1 dry twigs1 /udd$ ) cruel ?orns1 & dev\r$ !m z if _! tongues 7 made ( ca/-iron4 ,we 7 n[ 9 ! haunts ( ! gazelle & ! o/ri*1 b saw no?+ ( !m4 8,on ! fif? day we left ! pla91 & ent]$ a c\ntry ( brok5 m\nta9-ranges4 ,9 "o place ! road pass$ ?r\gh a long1 l[ hill ( slate rock1 by a gap :i* _h be5 purposely brok54 ,! /rata 7 v]tical1 ! lam9 v>y+ f "o to f\r in*es 9 ?ickness1 & ( z f9e a quality & smoo? a surface z ,i ev] saw4 ,a long wady1 or valley1 :i* appe>$ to be ! outlet ( "s m\nta9-bas91 0 cross$ by a d\ble r[ ( /unt$ d\m-palms1 m>k+ a wat]-c\rse made by ! summ] ra9s4 ,ey\b po9t$ x out to me1 z ! half-way /ation betwe5 ,korosko & ,ab\-,hamm$4 ,= two h\rs long] we ?read$ ! dry wadys1 %ut 9 by black1 *aotic hills4 ,x 0 n[ noonday1 ,i 0 v hungry1 & ! "t allott$ by ,ey\b = rea*+ ,bir ,mrr-ht _h pass$4 ,he saw my impati5ce & urg$ 8 drom$>y into a trot1 call+ out to me to foll[ him4 ,we b5t to ! we/1 turn$ ! flank ( a high range1 & aft] half an h\r's /eady trott+1 rea*$ a side-valley or cul-de-sac1 bran*+ (f f ! ma9 wady4 ,a h]d ( loose camels1 a few goats1 two black camel's-hair t5ts1 & half a doz5 half-nak$ ,ababdehs1 %[$ t we _h rea*$ ! wells4 ,a few %all[ pits1 dug 9 ! c5t] ( ! valley1 furni%$ an abundance ( bitt]1 gre5i% wat]1 :i* ! camels drank1 b :i* ,i c\ld n dr9k4 ,! wells are call$ by ! ,arabs el morra1 #8! bitt]4' ,=tunately1 ,i _h two sk9s ( ,nile-wat] left1 :i*1 ) c>e1 w\ld la/ to ,ab\-,hamm$4 ,! wat] 0 always cool & fre%1 ?\gh 9 color & ta/e x resembl$ a decoction ( old %oes4 ,we left ,mrr-ht at sunrise1 on ! morn+ ( ! six? day4 ,i walk$ ahead1 ?r\gh ! fold+s ( ! black m\nta9s1 s++ z ,i w5t1 f ! inspiration ( ! brilliant sky & ! pure air4 ,9 an h\r & a half1 ! pass op5$ on a broad pla9 ( s&1 & ,i wait$ = my c>avan1 z ! day 0 gr[+ hot4 ,on ei!r side1 z we cont9u$ our j\rney1 ! blue lakes ( ! mirage glitt]$ 9 ! sun4 ,sev]al isolat$ pyramids rose above ! horizon1 f> to ! ea/1 & a purple m\nta9-range 9 front1 app>5tly two or ?ree h\rs di/ant1 /ret*$ f ea/ to we/4 #8,we w breakfa/ 9 ! %ade ( ^? m\nta9s1' ,i said to ,a*met1 b breakfa/-"t came & !y seem$ no ne>]1 s ,i sat d[n 9 ! s& & made my meal4 ,t[>d noon we met l>ge c>avans ( camels1 com+ f ,b]b]4 ,"s 7 lad5 ) gum1 b ! great] "p 7 )\t burd5s1 z !y 7 to be sold 9 ,egypt4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! day upw>d ( a ?\s& pass$ u4 ,! aft]noon 0 int5sely hot1 ! !rmomet] /&+ at "o hundr$ degrees1 b ,i felt little annoyance f ! heat1 & us$ no protection aga9/ x4 ,! s& 0 deep & ! road a we>y "o = ! camels1 b ! m\nta9s :i* seem$ s ne> at h& 9 ! morn+ 7 n yet rea*$4 ,we pu%$ =w>d2 ! sun w5t d[n1 & ! twilight 0 ov] be=e we encamp$ at _! base4 ,! t5t 0 pit*$ by ! light ( ! cresc5t moon1 :i* hung ov] a pit*y-black peak4 ,i _h d9n] at ! fa%ionable h\r ( sev54 ,a*met 0 oblig$ to make s\p ( ! wat] ( ,mrr-ht1 :i* _h an abom9able ta/e4 ,i 0 s dr[sy t be=e my pipe 0 f9i%$1 ,i tumbl$ ^u my mattress1 & 0 unconsci\s until midnight1 :5 ,i awoke ) ! s5sation ( swimm+ 9 a riv] ( lava4 8,! t5t 0 /ruck 9 ! morn+ />light1 at :i* "t ! !rmomet] /ood at fifty-five degrees4 ,i walk$ alone ?r\gh ! m\nta9s1 :i* rose 9 conical peaks to ! hight ( ne> a ?\s& feet4 ,! pa? 0 r\gh & /ony until ,i rea*$ ! outlet ( ! pass4 ,on leav+ ! m\nta91 we ent]$ a pla9 ( co>se gravel1 ab\nd+ ) pebbles ( agate & jasp]4 ,ano!r range1 :i* ,ey\b call$ ,djebel ,dighlee1 appe>$ 9 front1 & we rea*$ x ab\t noon4 ,! day 0 aga9 hot1 ! m]cury ris+ to n9ety-five degrees4 ,x took u ne>ly an h\r to pass ,djebel ,dighlee1 beyond :i* ! pla9 /ret*$ away to ! ,nile1 int]rupt$ "h & !re by a di/ant peak4 ,f> 9 advance ( u lay ,djebel ,mokrt1 ! limit ( ! next day's j\rney4 ,f its top1 said ,ey\b1 "o may see ! palm-groves along ! ,nile4 ,we encamp$ on ! op5 pla91 n f> f two black pyramidal hills1 9 ! flu% ( a sup]b sunset4 ,! gr\nd 0 trav]s$ by broad /rata ( gray granite1 :i* lay on ! surface 9 huge b[ld]s4 ,our camels "h f\nd a few bun*es ( dry1 yell[ grass1 :i* _h pi]c$ ! gravelly soil4 ,to ! s\?-ea/ 0 a m\nta9 call$ by ! ,arabs ,djebel ,nogra1 7! m\nta9 ( ! ,drum17 because1 z ,ey\b decl>$1 a devil :o _h 8 resid5ce among its rocks1 frequ5tly beat a drum at night1 to sc>e ! pass+ c>avans4 8,! />s 7 sp>kl+ fre%ly & cle>ly :5 ,i rose1 on ! morn+ ( ! eigh? day1 & ,djebel ,mokrt lay l a fa9t %ad[ on ! s\!rn horizon4 ,! sun reveal$ a few isolat$ peaks to ! "r & left1 b m]ely di/ant isles on ! va/1 smoo? ocean ( ! des]t4 ,x 0 a rapture to brea! air ( su* transc5d5t purity & sweetness4 ,i breakfa/$ on ! imm5se floor1 sitt+ 9 ! sun1 & !n jogg$ on all day1 9 a heat ( n9ety degrees1 t[>d ,djebel ,mokrt1 :i* seem$ z f> (f z ev]4 ,! sun w5t d[n1 & x 0 /ill ahead ( u4 #8,t is a ,djebel ,%aytan1' ,i said to ,ey\b2 #8or r1 x is no m\nta92 x is an afrite4' #8,o eff5di6' said ! old man1 #8don't speak ( afrites "h4 ,!re are _m 9 ?is "p ( ! des]t1 & if a man travels alone "h at night1 "o ( !m walks beh9d him & =ces him to g =w>d & =w>d1 until he has lo/ 8 pa?4' ,we rode on by ! light ( ! moon & />s2 & two h\rs aft] sunset1 we kill$ ,djebel ,mokrt1 z ! ,arabs say3 t is1 turn$ its corn]4 ,! we>y camels 7 let loose among "s clumps ( dry1 ru/l+ re$s1 & ,i /ret*$ myself out on ! s&1 aft] twelve h\rs 9 ! saddle4 ,our wat] 0 ne>ly exhau/$ by ?is "t1 & ! provisions 7 r$uc$ to h]mits' f>e1 bread1 rice & dates4 ,i _h1 h[ev]1 ! spice ( a savage appetite1 :i* 0 no soon] appeas$1 ?an ,i fell into a pr(\nd sleep4 ,i c\ld n b admire ! indomitable pluck ( ! little donkeys own$ by ! ,k5oos4 ,^! animals n only c>ri$ provisions & wat] = !mselves & _! ma/]s1 ! :ole di/ance1 b ! latt] rode !m ! great] "p ( ! way2 yet !y kept up ) ! camels1 ply+ _! little legs z ambiti\sly ! la/ day z ! fir/4 ,i d\bt :e!r a horse w\ld h accompli%$ z mu* "u simil> circum/ances4 8,! next morn+ we />t$ joyfully1 9 hope ( see+ ! ,nile2 & ev5 ,ey\b1 = ! fir/ "t s9ce leav+ ,korosko1 help$ to load ! camels4 ,9 an h\r we pass$ ! m\nta9 ( ,mokrt1 b ! same endless pla9 ( yell[ gravel ext5d$ be=e u to ! horizon4 ,ey\b _h promis$ t we %\ld rea* ,ab\-,hamm$ 9 half a day1 & ev5 po9t$ out "s di/ant blue m\nta9s 9 ! s\?1 z be+ beyond ! ,nile4 ,nev]!less1 we travel$ ne>ly till noon )\t any *ange ( sc5]y1 & no m appe>ance ( riv] ?an ! abundant /reams ( ! mirage1 on all sides4 ,i drank my la/ cup ( wat] = breakfa/1 & !n cont9u$ my m>* 9 ! burn+ sun1 ) r dismal spirits4 ,f9ally1 ! des]t1 :i* _h be5 ris+ s9ce we left ! m\nta91 began to desc5d1 & ,i saw some?+ l r\nd granite b[ld]s ly+ on ! edge ( ! horizon4 #8,eff5di1 see ! d\m-trees6' cri$ ,ey\b4 ,i look$ aga93 !y 7 d\m-palms1 & s broad & gre5 t !y mu/ c]ta9ly /& ne> wat]4 ,soon we desc5d$ into a holl[ 9 ! pla91 look+ d[n :i* ,i saw to ! s\? a ?ick grove ( trees1 & ov] _! tops ! %9+ surface ( ! ,nile4 #8,ali1' ,i call$ to my sailor-s]vant1 #8look at t great bahr %aytan6' ,! son ( ! ,nile1 :o _h nev] be=e1 9 all 8 life1 be5 m ?an a day out ( sight ( its curr5t1 0 almo/ beside himself ) joy4 #8,wallah1 ma/]1' he cri$2 #8t is no riv] ( ! devil3 x is ! real ,nile1 ! wat] ( ,p>adise4' ,x did my he>t good to see 8 extravagant delight4 #8,if y 7 to give me five pia/]s1 ma/]1' said he1 #8,i w\ld n dr9k ! bitt] wat] ( ,mrr-ht4' ,! guide made me a salutation1 9 8 dry way1 & ! two ,nubians greet$ me ) #8,a great welcome to y1 ,o eff5di6' ,) e /ep ! valley unfold$ be=e me2 su* ri* deeps ( fanlike foliage1 su* a glory 9 ! gre5 ( ! beans & lup9es1 su* radiance beyond description 9 ! dance ( ! sunbeams on ! wat]6 ,! l&scape 0 balm to my burn+ eyes1 & ! m]e sight ( ! glori\s gre5 h]bage 0 a s5su\s delight1 9 :i* ,i riot$ = ! re/ ( ! day40 ,,s&s ,,( ,,! ,,des]t4 8,n[ o'er _! head ! :izz+ :irlw9ds brea!1 ,& ! live des]t pants & heaves b5ea?2 ,t+$ by ! crimson sun1 va/ columns rise ,( eddy+ s&s1 & w> amid ! skies1 ,9 r$ arcades ! bill[y pla9 surr\nd1 ,& /alk+ turrets dance ^u ! gr\nd40--,,d>w94 ,9 ! pa?less des]t1 high m\nds ( s&1 %ift+ ) e *ange ( w9d1 surr\nd ! travel] on e side1 & conceal f 8 view all o!r objects4 ,!re ! w9d is ( a surpris+ rapidity2 & ! s& is s extremely f9e1 t x =ms on ! gr\nd waves :i* resemble ^? ( ! sea4 ,^! waves rise up s fa/1 t 9 a v few h\rs a hill ( f tw5ty to ?irty feet high is transport$ f "o place to ano!r4 ,! %ift+ ( ^! hills1 h[ev]1 does n take place on a sudd51 z is g5]ally believ$1 & is n by any means capable ( surpris+ & bury+ a c>avan :ile on ! m>*4 ,! mode 9 :i* ! transposition ( ! hills takes place is n difficult ( explanation4 ,! w9d sweep+ ! s& f ! surface cont9ually1 & t ) an a/oni%+ rapidity1 ! gr\nd l[]s e mom5t3 b ! quantity ( s& 9 ! air increas+ z quickly by successive waves1 c n support itself !re1 b falls 9 heaps1 & =ms a new hill1 leav+ ! place x be=e occupi$ level1 & ) ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 swept4 ,x is necess>y to gu>d ! eyes & m\? aga9/ ! quantity ( s& :i* is always fly+ ab\t 9 ! air2 & ! travel] has to seek ! "r direction1 to avoid be+ lo/ 9 ! w9d+s made 9 ! middle ( ! hills ( s& :i* b\nd ! sight1 & :i* %ift f "o spot to ano!r s (t51 z n to leave any?+ to be se5 besides ! sky & s&1 )\t any m>k by :i* ! position c be kn[n4 ,ev5 ! deepe/ foot/ep 9 ! s& ( ei!r man or horse disappe>s ! mom5t ! foot is rais$4 ,! imm5sity1 ! swiftness1 & ! ev]la/+ motion ( ^! waves :5 ! w9d is bl[+1 di/urb ! sight bo? ( m5 & bea/s1 s t !y are almo/ cont9ually m>*+ z if 9 ! d>k4 ,! camel gives "h a pro( ( 8 great sup]iority2 8 long neck1 p]p5dicul>ly erect$1 removes 8 head f ! gr\nd1 & f ! ?ick "p ( ! waves2 8 eyes are well def5d$ by ?ick eye-lids1 l>gely provid$ ) hair1 & :i* he keeps half %ut2 ! con/ruction ( 8 feet1 broad & cu%ion-l1 prev5ts 8 tread+ deep into ! s&2 8 long legs enable him to pass ! same space ) only half ! numb] ( /eps ( any o!r animal1 & !re=e ) less fatigue4 ,^! advantages give him a solid & easy gait1 on a gr\nd :]e all o!r animals walk ) sl[1 %ort1 & unc]ta9 /eps1 & 9 a tott]+ mann]4 ,h5ce ! camel1 int5d$ by nature = ^! j\rneys1 af=ds a new motive ( praise to ! ,creator1 :o 9 8 wisdom has giv5 ! camel to ! ,african1 z he has be/[$ ! re9de] on ! ,lapl&]4 ,lieut5ant ,pott+]1 9 8 travels 9 ,beloo*i/an1 a prov9ce ( ,india1 gives ! foll[+ int]e/+ acc\nt ( ^? curi\s ph5om5a4 ,he _h to pass ov] a des]t ( r$ s&1 ! p>ticles ( :i* 7 s light1 t :5 tak5 9 ! h& !y 7 sc>cely m ?an palpable1 ! :ole be+ ?r[n by ! w9ds into an irregul> mass ( waves1 pr9cipally runn+ ea/ & we/1 & v>y+ 9 hight f t5 to tw5ty feet4 ,! great] "p ( !m rose p]p5dicul>ly on ! opposite side to t f :i* ! prevail+ nor?-we/ w9d blew1 & might readily h be5 fanci$1 at a di/ance1 to resemble a new brick wall4 ,! side fac+ ! w9d slop$ (f ) a gradual declivity t[>d ! base ( ! next w9dw>d wave1 & !n aga9 asc5d$ 9 a /raight l9e1 9 ! same extraord9>y mann] z above describ$1 s z to =m a holl[ or pa? betwe5 !m4 ,our travel] kept z mu* 9 ^! pa?s z ! direction he _h to take w\ld all[2 b x 0 n )\t great difficulty & fatigue t ! camels 7 urg$ ov] ! waves1 :5 x 0 requisite to d s1 & m p>ticul>ly :5 !y _h to clamb] up ! leew>d or p]p5dicul> face ( !m1 9 attempt+ :i* !y 7 (t5 defeat$4 ,on ! oblique or %elv+ side !y asc5d$ pretty well1 _! broad feet sav+ !m f s9k+ deep] ?an did ! travel]s !mselves2 & ! in/ant !y f\nd ! top ( ! wave giv+ way f _! weight1 !y mo/ exp]tly dropp$ on _! knees1 & 9 t po/ure g5tly slid d[n ) ! s&1 :i* 0 luckily s unconnect$1 t ! lead+ camel usually caus$ a suffici5t brea* = ! o!rs to foll[ on foot4 ,! night 0 sp5t "u %elt] ( "o ( ^! s& waves1 ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e be+ uncommonly hot & close4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 9 cross+ a des]t ( ! same description1 ! l imp$im5ts occurr$2 b ^! 7 trifl+ comp>$ ) ! di/ress suff]$1 n only by our travel] & 8 p1 b also by ! camels1 f ! float+ p>ticles ( s&2 a ph5om5on = :i* he confesses himself at a loss to acc\nt4 ,:5 he fir/ obs]v$ x1 9 ! morn+1 ! des]t appe>$ to h1 at ! di/ance ( half a mile or less1 an elevat$ & flat surface f six to twelve in*es high] ?an ! summits ( ! s& waves4 ,?is vapor appe>$ to rec$e z he advanc$1 & once or twice completely encircl$ 8 p>ty1 limit+ ! horizon to a v conf9$ space1 & convey+ a mo/ gloomy & unnatural s5sation to ! m9d ( ! behold]s1 :o 7 at ! same mom5t imp]ceptibly cov]$ ) innum]able atoms ( small s&1 :i* gett+ into ! eyes1 m\? & no/rils1 caus$ excessive irritation1 att5d$ by an extreme ?ir/1 :i* 0 increas$ 9 no small degree by ! int5se heat ( ! sun4 ,?is annoyance is suppos$ by ! natives to orig9ate 9 ! sol> beams caus+ ! du/ ( ! des]t1 z !y emphatically call x1 to rise & float ?r\gh ! air2 a notion :i* appe>s to be 9 a great measure correct1 ?is s&y ocean be+ only visible dur+ ! hotte/ "p ( ! day4 ,! foll[+ simple !ory ( ^! mov+ s&s is submitt$ by ! au?or4 ,:5 ! viol5t :irlw9ds :i* prevail 9 ! des]t1 t]m9ate 9 gu/s ( w9d1 !y usually exp& ov] sev]al squ>e miles ( surface1 rag+ ) irresi/ible =ce1 & be>+ upw>d an imm5se body ( s&1 :i* desc5ds z ! curr5t ( air t gave x action dies away1 ?us creat+ ! extraord9>y appe>ance 9 "q4 ,if x %\ld be ask$ :at prev5ts ! s& f subsid+ altoge!r1 :5 x has s f> accompli%$ ?is z to re/ app>5tly on ! waves1 ! answ] is1 t all ! gross] p>ticles d settle1 b t ! m m9ute ones become r>efi$ to su* a degree by ! heat produc$ by ! burn+ s& on ! r$ soil1 t !y rema9 z x 7 9 an undecid$ & undulat+ /ate1 until ! return+ temp]ature re/ores _! specific gravity2 :51 by an undeviat+ law ( nature1 !y s9k to ! e>?4 ,?is 9 "s measure co9cides ) ! op9ion ( ! native ,brahoes2 b1 con=mably to _! notion1 x is evid5t t ! float+ s&s w\ld be app>5t at all p]iods ( excessive sol> influ5ce2 :i* n be+ ! case1 x becomes necess>y to f9d a prim>y cause = ! ph5om5on4 ,to remove any suspicion ( 8 hav+ be5 deceiv$ 9 ! reality ( ?is float+ vapor ( s&1 he adds t he has se5 ?is ph5om5on1 & ! %urab1 or wat]y illusion s frequ5t 9 des]ts1 call$ by ! ,fr5* mirage1 9 opposite qu>t]s at ! same mom5t1 ea* ( !m be+ to 8 sight p]fectly di/9ct4 ,:ile ! =m] _h a cl\dy & dim aspect1 ! latt] 0 lum9\s1 & c\ld n be mi/ak5 = wat]4 ,to corroborate :at he has "h advanc$1 he /ates t he 0 aft]w>d jo9$ by a faquir f ,kab\l1 :o in=m$ him t he _h witness$ ! mov+ s&s1 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! des]t f ,sei/an1 to a mu* great] degree ?an has be5 describ$2 &1 :at is sc>cely cr$ible1 he spoke ( hav+ be5 =c$ to sit d[n1 9 consequ5ce ( ! d5sity ( ! cl\d 9 :i* he 0 envelop$4 ,our travel] next proce$s to a curi\s description ( ! pill>s or columns ( s& =m$ 9 ! des]ts4 ,he exp]i5c$ a viol5t tornado1 or gu/ ( w9d1 :i* came on s sudd5ly1 t1 if he _h n be5 appris$ ( its /r5g? by ! guide1 x might h be5 disa/r\s to 8 p>ty1 9 :om x w\ld h be5 an act ( tem]ity to h endeavor$ to sit on ! camels dur+ its impetu\s fury4 ,be=e x began1 ! sky 0 cle>1 save a few small cl\ds 9 ! nor?-we/ qu>t]2 & ! only w>n+s x af=d$1 7 ! oppressive sultr9ess ( ! air1 & a va/ numb] ( :irlw9ds spr++ up on all sides4 ,^! :irlw9ds1 he obs]ves1 might p]haps be m correctly express$ by "s o!r "n2 b z ! w9d issu$ f !m he adopts ! t]m4 ,!y are va/ columns ( s&1 :i* beg9 by a trifl+ agitation1 ) a revolv+ motion on ! surface ( ! des]t1 & gradually asc5d & exp&1 until _! tops are lo/ to ! view4 ,9 ?is mann] !y move ab\t ) e brea? ( w9d1 & are obs]v$1 ?irty or =ty ( !m at ! same "t1 ( diff]5t dim5sions1 app>5tly f "o to tw5ty y>ds 9 diamet]4 ,^? :o h se5 a wat]sp\t at sea1 may exactly conceive ! same =m$ ( s& on %ore4 ,! mom5t ! guide saw ! :irlw9ds disp]se1 :i* !y did z if by magic1 & a cl\d ( du/ approa*+1 he advis$ ! p>ty to dism\nt1 :i* !y _h h>dly "t to d1 & lodge !mselves snugly beh9d ! camels1 :5 a /orm bur/ ^u !m ) a furi\s bla/ ( w9d1 ! ra9 fall+ 9 huge drops1 & ! air be+ s completely d>k5$1 t !y 7 unable to disc]n any object at ! di/ance ( ev5 five y>ds4 ,! foll[+ is ,bruce's acc\nt ( ?is s+ul> ph5om5on1 :i* he repres5ts z "o ( ! mo/ magnific5t spectacles imag9able1 & by :i* he & 8 companions 7 at once surpris$ & t]rifi$4 ,hav+ rea*$ ! va/ expanse ( des]t :i* lies to ! we/ & nor?-we/ ( ,*5di1 !y saw a numb] ( prodigi\s pill>s ( s& at diff]5t di/ances1 at times mov+ ) great cel]ity1 & at o!rs /alk+ on ) a maje/ic sl[ness4 ,at int]vals ! p>ty ?\ght !y %\ld be ov]:elm$ by ^! s&-pill>s2 & small quantities ( s& did actually m ?an once rea* !m4 ,aga91 !y w\ld retreat s z to be almo/ out ( sight1 _! summits rea*+ ! v cl\ds4 ,!re ! tops (t5 sep>at$ f ! bodies2 & ^! once disjo9t$1 disp]s$ 9 ! air1 & did n appe> m4 ,!y 7 sometimes brok5 ne> ! middle1 z if /ruck by a l>ge cannon-%ot4 ,ab\t noon !y began to advance ) consid]able swiftness ^u ! p>ty1 ! w9d be+ v /rong at nor?4 ,elev5 ( !m rang$ alongside1 at ab\t ! di/ance ( ?ree miles f !m2 & at ?is int]val ! greate/ diamet] ( ! l>ge/ ( !m appe>$ to ,mr4 ,bruce to be ab\t t5 feet4 ,!y retir$ ) a w9d at s\?-ea/1 leav+ an impression on our travel]'s m9d1 to :i* he c\ld give no "n1 ?\gh assur$ly "o ( its +r$i5ts 0 fe>1 bl5d$ ) a consid]able portion ( wond] & surprise4 ,x 0 9 va9 to ?9k ( flee+3 ! swifte/ horse1 or fa/e/ sail+ %ip1 w\ld h be5 ( no use 9 rescu+ him f 8 dang]4 ,! full p]suasion ( ?is rivet$ him z x 7 to ! spot :]e he /ood1 & he all[$ ! camels to ga9 on him s mu*1 t x 0 ) difficulty he c\ld ov]take !m4 ,on a subsequ5t occasion1 an assemblage ( ^! mov+ pill>s ( s&1 m num]\s1 b less 9 size ?an ! =m]1 approa*$ ,mr4 ,bruce's p>ty soon aft] sunrise1 & appe>$ l a ?ick wood4 ,!y almo/ d>k5$ ! sun1 ! rays ( :i*1 %9+ ?r\gh !m = ne>ly an h\r1 gave !m an appe>ance ( pill>s ( fire4 ,8 p became desp]ate1 "s say+ x 0 ! day ( judgm5t1 & o!rs1 t ! _w 0 on fire4 ,dr4 ,cl>ke1 9 8 travels 9 ,egypt1 ?us describes ?is ph5om5on4 8,"o ( ^? imm5se columns ( s&1 m5tion$ by ,bruce1 came rapidly t[>d u1 turn+ ^u its base z ^u a pivot3 x cross$ ! ,nile s ne> u1 t ! :irlw9d by :i* x 0 c>ri$1 plac$ our vessel ^u its beam-ends1 be>+ its l>ge sail q into ! wat]1 & ne>ly upsett+ ! boat4 ,z we 7 engag$ 9 right+ ! vessel1 ! column disappe>$4 ,x is probable t ^? columns d n fall sudd5ly ^u any p>ticul> spot1 s z to be capable ( ov]:elm+ an army or a c>avan2 b t1 z ! s&1 ?us driv51 is gradually accumulat$1 x becomes gradually disp]s$1 & ! column1 dim9i%+ 9 its progress1 at l5g? disappe>s4 ,a great quantity ( s& is no d\bt precipitat$1 z ! effect :i* ga!rs x becomes weak]2 b1 f witness+ su* ph5om5a ^u a small] scale1 x does n seem likely t ! :ole body ( ! s& is at once ab&on$40 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,wond]s ,,( ,,art4 ------------------------------------ ,,! ,,pyramids ,,( ,,egypt4 ,f ! natural wond]s ( ! des]t1 let u next pass to "s ( ! wond]s ( art :i* attract ! att5tion ( ! travel] 9 l&s t once 7 z fl\ri%+ & p[]ful1 z n[ !y are degrad$ & depress$4 ,mo/ ( ^! monum5ts are1 inde$1 9 ru9s2 b _m ( !m /ill /& 9 all _! orig9al gr&eur1 & all are endur+ & fai?ful witnesses to ! weal? & greatness ( nations t h n[ pass$ away =ev]4 ,! pyramids ( ,egypt are famili>1 by "n1 to e intellig5t read]1 n to say to e *ild4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! /up5d\s monum5ts1 equally fam\s = _! enorm\s size & _! remote antiquity1 are ^? ( ,djiza1 or 7z n[ spell$7 ,gizeh1 s call$ f a village ( t "n1 on ! bank ( ! ,nile1 "s ?ree or f\r miles above ,cairo4 ,! ?ree :i* p]haps mo/ attract ! att5tion ( travel]s1 /& ne> ea* o!r1 on ! we/ side ( ! riv]1 almo/ opposite ,cairo1 & n f> f ! site ( ! anci5t ,memphis4 ,a view ( !m1 & ( ! celebrat$ sph9x1 :i* is spok5 ( h]eaft]1 is giv5 9 ! engrav+ on ! next page4 ,:5 se5 f a di/ance1 pe]+ above ! horizon1 !y display ! f9e di/9ct appe>ance s (t5 rem>k$ by travel]s 9 ! v>i\s objects se5 ?r\gh ! cle>1 transp>5t atmosph]e ( ! ,egyptian climate4 ,m4 ,sav>y1 hav+ approa*$ to )9 ?ree leagues ( !m1 9 ! nighttime1 :ile ! full moon %one bright ^u !m1 describes !m z appe>+ to him1 "u ?is p>ticul> aspect1 l two po9ts ( rock cr[n$ by ! cl\ds4 ,on a ne>] approa*1 _! slop+ & angul> =ms disguise _! real hight1 & less5 x to ! eye2 indep5d5tly ( :i*1 z :atev] is regul> is great or small by comp>ison1 & z ^! masses ( /one eclipse 9 magnitude e surr\nd+ object1 at ! same "t t !y are inf]ior to a m\nta91 to :i* alone ! imag9ation c successfully comp>e !m1 a degree ( surprise is excit$ on f9d+ ! fir/ impression produc$ by a di/ant view s mu* dim9i%$ 9 draw+ ne> to !m4 ,on attempt+1 h[ev]1 to measure any "o ( ^! gigantic works ( art by "s kn[n & det]m9ate scale1 x resumes its imm5sity to ! m9d2 s9ce1 on draw+ ne> to ! op5+1 ! p]sons :o /& b5ea? x appe> s small t !y c sc>cely be tak5 = m54 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,sph9x ,,& ,,pyramids4 ,! base ( ! great pyramid ( ,*eops1 s nam$ aft] a k+ ( ,egypt1 is e/imat$ by ,d5on at sev5 hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 & its hight at f\r hundr$ & =ty-eight feet1 calculat+ ! base by ! mean proportion ( ! l5g? ( ! /ones1 & ! hight by ! sum ( t ( ea* ( ! /eps or /ages4 ,its con/ruction requir$ s _m ye>s1 & employ$ su* a multitude ( labor]s1 t ! exp5diture = g>lic & onions alone1 = _! consumption1 is said to h am\nt$ to "o ?\s& & sixty tal5ts1 or m ?an twelve hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,its int]ior is ?us accurately describ$ by ! above travel]4 8,! entrance ( ! fir/ gall]y is conceal$ by ! g5]al out] cov]+ :i* inve/s ! :ole ( ! pyramid4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 probable1 t ! att5tion ( ! e>li] se>*]s 0 by "s p>ticul> appe>ance direct$ to ?is spot4 ,?is gall]y goes t[>d ! c5t] ( ! edifice1 9 a direction slop+ d[nw>d to ! base3 x is sixty paces 9 l5g?2 & at ! fur!r end are two l>ge blocks ( granite1 an ob/acle :i* caus$ "s unc]ta9ty 9 ! digg+4 ,a horizontal passage has be5 made = "s di/ance into ! mass ( /one2 b ?is und]tak+ 0 aft]w>d ab&on$4 8,return+ to ! extremity ( ! fir/ gall]y1 & work+ upw>d by ! side ( ! two granite blocks1 y come to ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ slop+ /aircase1 :i* proce$s 9 an oblique direction upw>d1 = a hundr$ & tw5ty feet4 ,y m\nt ! /eep & n>r[ gall]y1 help+ y\r /eps by not*es cut 9 ! gr\nd1 & by re/+ y\r h&s aga9/ ! sides4 ,at ! top ( ?is gall]y1 :i* is =m$ ( a calc>e\s /one cem5t$ ) mort>1 y f9d a l&+-place ab\t fifte5 feet squ>e1 )9 :i*1 to ! "r ( ! entrance1 is a p]p5dicul> op5+ call$ ! well4 ,?is appe>s1 f its irregul>ity1 to h be5 ! result ( a fruitless attempt at a se>*1 & has a diamet] ( ab\t two feet by eighte5 in*es4 ,!re 7 no means ( desc5d+ x2 b by ?r[+ d[n a /one1 x 0 asc]ta9$ t its p]p5dicul> direction c\ld n be v consid]able4 ,on a level ) ! l&+ is a horizontal gall]y1 a hundr$ & sev5ty feet 9 l5g?1 runn+ directly t[>d ! c5t] ( ! pyramid2 & at ! extremity ( ?is gall]y is a small room1 call$ ! que5's *amb]4 ,?is is an oblong squ>e ( eighte5 feet & two in*es1 by fifte5 feet & eight in*es2 b ! hight is unc]ta91 ! floor hav+ be5 turn$ up by ! avidity ( ! se>*]s4 ,"o ( ! side walls has also be5 work$ into1 & ! rubbi% left on ! spot4 ,! ro(1 :i* is =m$ ( a f9e calc>e\s /one1 v ne>ly br\ght toge!r1 has ! =m ( an angle ne>ly equilat]al1 b conta9s nei!r ornam5t1 hi]oglyphic1 nor ! smalle/ trace ( a s>cophagus4 ,:e!r x 0 int5d$ to conta9 a body1 is unc]ta92 b1 9 ?is case1 ! pyramid mu/ h be5 built ) a view ( conta9+ two bodies1 & w\ld n !re=e h be5 clos$ at once4 ,if ! second tomb 0 really t ( ! que51 ! two blocks ( granite at ! end ( ! fir/ gall]y1 mu/ h be5 f9ally res]v$ to close all ! int]ior *amb]s ( ! pyramid4 8,return+ aga9 f ! que5's *amb] to ! l&+-place1 y asc5d a few feet1 & imm$iately f9d y\rself at ! bottom ( a l>ge & magnific5t /aircase1 or r incl9$ plane1 "o hundr$ & eighty feet 9 l5g?1 tak+ a direction upw>d1 & /ill be>+ t[>d ! c5t] ( ! edifice4 ,x is six & a half feet 9 bread?1 9 :i* are to be includ$ two p>apets1 ea* n9ete5 in*es 9 diamet]1 & pi]c$ e ?ree & a half feet1 by oblong holes tw5ty-two in*es by ?ree4 ,! s>cophagus mu/ h asc5d$ ?is passage1 & ! s]ies ( holes mu/ h be5 int5d$ to receive a ma*9e ( "s description1 to assi/ 9 rais+ s heavy a mass z ! s>cophagus up s /eep an asc5t4 8,! side walls ( ?is asc5d+ gall]y rise p]p5dicul>ly = twelve feet1 & !n =m a slop+ ro( ( an excessively high pit*1 n by a regul> angle1 b by eight successive projections1 ea* ( !m six feet 9 hight1 ris+ above ! o!r1 & approa*+ ne>] to ! correspond+ projection on ! opposite side1 till ! ro( is entirely %ut 94 ,! hight ( ?is s+ul>ly contriv$ vault may be e/imat$ at sixty feet f ! "p ( ! floor imm$iately b5ea?4 ,! asc5t ( ! /aircase is facilitat$ by pretty regul> b mod]n foot+s cut 9 ! floor2 & at ! top is a small plat=m1 9 :i* is a ?ick block ( granite1 resembl+ an imm5se *e/1 imb$d$ 9 ! solid build+1 & holl[$ out s z to leave alt]nate projections & retir+s1 into :i* are let blocks ( ! same mat]ial1 ) correspond+ grooves & projections1 int5d$ =ev] to conceal & protect ! entrance to ! pr9cipal *amb] :i* is beh9d !m4 ,x mu/ h requir$ imm5se labor to con/ruct ?is "p ( ! edifice1 & n less to h brok5 an op5+ ?r\gh2 s t ! zeal ( sup]/ition has "h be5 oppos$ to ! eag]ness ( av>ice1 & ! latt] has prevail$4 ,aft] m9+ ?r\gh ?irte5 feet ( solid granite1 a door ?ree feet & ?ree in*es squ>e1 has be5 discov]$1 :i* is ! entrance to ! pr9cipal *amb]4 ,?is is a long squ>e1 sixte5 feet by ?irty-two1 & eighte5 9 hight4 ,! door is 9 ! angle fac+ ! gall]y1 correspond+ to ! door ( ! que5's *amb]1 bel[4 ,:5 x is said t ! tomb is a s+le piece ( granite1 half-poli%$1 & )\t cem5t1 all t is rem>kable 9 ?is /range monum5t1 :i* exhibits su* rigid simplicity 9 ! mid/ ( ! utmo/ magnific5ce ( human p[]1 w h be5 describ$4 ,! only brok5 "p is an attempt at a se>* at "o ( ! angles1 & two small holes ne>ly r\nd & brea/ high4 ,su* is ! int]ior ( ?is imm5se edifice1 9 :i* ! "w ( ! h& ( man appe>s to rival ! gigantic =ms ( nature40 ,to ! above acc\nt by ! accurate ,d5on1 we subjo9 ! foll[+ pleas+ "o by ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,cl>ke4 ,! impression made by ^! monum5ts1 :5 view$ at a di/ance1 c nev]1 he obs]ves1 be oblit]at$ f 8 m9d4 8,by reflect+ ! sun's rays1 !y appe>$ z :ite z sn[1 & ( su* surpris+ magnitude1 t no?+ we _h previ\sly conceiv$ 9 our imag9ation _h prep>$ u = ! spectacle we beheld4 ,! sight in/antly conv9c$ u t no p[] ( description1 no del9eation1 c convey ideas adequate to ! effect produc$ 9 view+ ^! /up5d\s monum5ts4 ,! =mality ( _! /ructure is lo/ 9 _! prodigi\s magnitude3 ! m9d1 elevat$ by wond]1 feels at once ! =ce ( an axiom1 :i*1 h[ev] disput$1 exp]i5ce confirms--t 9 va/ness1 :atsoev] be its nature1 !re dwells sublimity6 8,hav+ arriv$ at ! bottom ( a s&y slope1 lead+ up to ! pr9cipal pyramid1 a b& ( ,b$\9 ,arabs1 :o _h assembl$ to receive u ^u our l&+1 7 mu* amus$ by ! eag]ness excit$ 9 our :ole p>ty1 to prove :o %\ld fir/ set 8 foot ^u ! summit ( ?is artificial m\nta94 ,z we drew ne> its base1 ! effect ( its prodigi\s magnitude1 & ! amazem5t caus$ 9 view+ ! enorm\s masses us$ 9 its con/ruction1 affect$ e "o ( u2 b x 0 an impression ( awe & fe> r ?an ( pleasure4 ,9 ! obs]vations ( travel]s :o _h rec5tly prec$$ u1 we _h he>d ! pyramids describ$ z huge objects :i* gave no satisfaction to ! spectator1 on acc\nt ( _! b>b>\s %ape1 & =mal appe>ance3 yet to u x appe>$ h>dly possible t p]sons susceptible ( any feel+ ( sublimity c\ld behold !m unmov$4 ,) :at amazem5t did we survey ! va/ surface t 0 pres5t$ to u1 :5 we arriv$ at ?is /up5d\s monum5t1 :i* seem$ to rea* ! cl\ds8 ,"h & !re appe>$ "s ,arab guides ^u ! imm5se masses above u1 l s _m pigmies1 wait+ to %[ ! way up to ! summit4 ,n[ & !n we ?\ght we he>d voices1 & li/5$2 b x 0 ! w9d 9 p[]ful gu/s1 sweep+ ! imm5se ranges ( /one4 ,already "s ( our p>ty _h begun ! asc5t1 & 7 paus+ at ! trem5d\s dep? :i* !y saw bel[4 ,"o ( our milit>y companions1 aft] hav+ surm\nt$ ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! und]tak+1 became giddy 9 consequ5ce ( look+ d[n f ! elevation he _h atta9$2 & be+ compell$ to ab&on ! project1 he hir$ an ,arab to assi/ him 9 effect+ 8 desc5t4 ,! re/ ( u1 m accu/om$ to ! bus9ess ( climb+ hights1 ) _m a halt = respiration1 & _m an exclamation ( wond]1 pursu$ our way t[>d ! summit4 ,! mode ( asc5t has be5 frequ5tly describ$2 & yet1 f ! que/ions :i* are (t5 propos$ to travel]s1 x does n appe> to be g5]ally und]/ood4 ,! read] may imag9e himself to be ^u a /aircase1 e /ep ( :i*1 to a man ( middle /ature1 is ne>ly brea/ high2 & ! bread? ( ea* /ep is equal to its hight2 consequ5tly1 ! foot+ is secure2 & al?\gh a retrospect1 9 go+ up1 be sometimes fe>ful to p]sons unaccu/om$ to look d[n f any consid]able elevation1 yet !re is little dang] ( fall+4 ,9 "s places1 inde$1 :]e ! /ones are decay$1 caution may be requir$2 & an ,arab guide is always necess>y1 to avoid a total int]ruption2 b1 ^u ! :ole1 ! means ( asc5t are su* t almo/ e "o may accompli% x4 ,our progress 0 imp$$ by o!r causes4 ,we c>ri$ ) u a few in/rum5ts2 su* z our boat-compass1 a !rmomet]1 a telescope1 c43 ^! c\ld n be tru/$ 9 ! h&s ( ,arabs1 & !y 7 liable to be brok5 e in/ant4 ,at l5g? we rea*$ ! topmo/ ti]1 to ! great delight & satisfaction ( all ! p>ty4 ,"h we f\nd a plat=m1 ?irty-two feet squ>e1 consi/+ ( n9e l>ge /ones1 ea* ( :i* might weigh ab\t a tun2 al?\gh !y are mu* inf]ior 9 size to "s ( ! /ones us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ?is pyramid4 8,! view f ! summit ( ! pyramid amply fulfill$ our expectations2 nor d ! acc\nts :i* h be5 giv5 ( x1 z x appe>s at ?is season ( ! ye>1 79 ! mon? ( ,augu/17 exagg]ate ! novelty & gr&eur ( ! sight4 ,all ! region t[>d ,cairo & ! delta resembl$ a sea cov]$ ) innum]able isl&s4 ,=e/s ( palm-trees 7 se5 /&+ 9 ! wat]2 ! inundation spread+ ov] ! l& :]e !y /ood1 s z to give !m an appe>ance ( gr[+ 9 ! flood4 ,to ! nor?1 z f> z ! eye c\ld rea*1 no?+ c\ld be disc]n$1 b a wat]y surface ?us div]sifi$ by plantations & by villages4 ,to ! s\? we saw ! pyramids ( ,sakk>a2 &1 ^u ! ea/ ( ^!1 small] monum5ts ( ! same k9d1 ne>] to ! ,nile4 ,an appe>ance ( ru9s might inde$ be trac$ ! :ole way f ! pyramids ( ,gizeh to ^? ( ,sakk>a2 z if !y _h be5 once connect$1 s z to con/itute "o va/ cemet]y4 ,beyond ! pyramids ( ,sakk>a we c\ld p]ceive ! di/ant m\nta9s ( ! ,said2 & ^u an em95ce ne> ! ,libyan side ( ! ,nile appe>$ a mona/]y ( consid]able size4 ,t[>d ! we/ & s\?-we/1 ! eye rang$ ov] ! great ,libyan des]t1 ext5d+ to ! utmo/ v]ge ( ! horizon1 )\t a s+le object to int]rupt ! dre>y horror ( ! l&scape1 except d>k float+ spots1 caus$ by ! %ad[s ( pass+ cl\ds ^u ! s&4 8,! /ones ( ! plat=m ^u ! top1 z well z mo/ ( ! o!rs us$ 9 con/ruct+ ! decreas+ ranges f ! base upw>d1 are ( s(t lime/one4 ,^? employ$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! pyramids1 are ( ! same nature z ! calc>e\s rock on :i* !y /&1 & :i* 0 app>5tly cut away to =m !m4 ,h]odotus says1 h[ev]1 t !y 7 br\ght f ! ,arabian side ( ! ,nile4 8,! ,fr5* attempt$ to op5 ! smalle/ ( ! ?ree pr9cipal pyramids2 & hav+ effect$ a v consid]able *asm 9 "o ( its sides1 h left ?is m>k beh9d !m1 z an ev]la/+ te/imony ( _! curiosity & zeal4 ,! l&+ ( our army 9 ,egypt put a /op to _! labor4 ,_h x n be5 = ?is circum/ance1 ! int]ior ( t my/]i\s monum5t w\ld probably be n[ submitt$ to ! inquiry :i* has long be5 an object among lit]>y m54 8,hav+ collect$ our p>ty ^u a s(t plat=m be=e ! entrance ( ! passage lead+ to ! int]ior1 & light$ a numb] ( tap]s1 we all desc5d$ into ! d>k m\? ( ! l>g] pyramid4 ,! impression made ^u e "o ( u1 9 view+ ! entrance1 0 ?is3 t no set ( m5 :atev] c\ld ?us h op5$ a passage1 by uncov]+ precisely ! "p ( ! pyramid :]e ! entrance 0 conceal$1 unless !y _h be5 previ\sly acqua9t$ ) its situation2 & = ^! reasons4 ,fir/1 because its position is almo/ 9 ! c5t] ( "o ( its planes1 in/ead ( be+ at ! base4 ,secondly1 t n a trace appe>s ( ^? dilapidations :i* mu/ h be5 ! result ( any se>* = a passage to ! int]ior2 su* z n[ di/+ui% ! labors ( ! ,fr5* ^u ! small] pyramid1 :i* !y attempt$ to op54 ,! p]sons :o und]took ! "w1 actually op5$ ! pyramid 9 ! only po9t1 ov] all its va/ surface1 :]e1 f ! appe>ance ( ! /ones incl9$ to ea* o!r above ! m\? ( ! passage1 any admission to ! int]ior seems to h be5 orig9ally int5d$4 ,s m>vel\sly conceal$ z ?is 01 are we to cr$it ! leg5d>y /ory ( an ,arabian writ]1 :o1 disc\rs+ ( ! wond]s ( ,egypt1 attribut$ ! op5+ ( ?is pyramid to ,almamon1 a caliph ( ,babylon1 ab\t n9e hundr$ & fifty ye>s s9ce8 8,proce$+ d[n ?is passage1 :i* may be comp>$ to a *imney ab\t a y>d wide1 we pres5tly arriv$ at a v l>ge mass ( granite3 ?is seems to h be5 plac$ on purpose to *oke up ! passage2 b a way has be5 made r\nd x1 by :i* we 7 enabl$ to asc5d into a second *annel1 slop+1 9 a contr>y direction1 t[>d ! m\? ( ! fir/4 ,hav+ asc5d$ along ?is *annel1 to ! di/ance ( "o hundr$ & t5 feet1 we came to a horizontal passage1 lead+ to a *amb] ) an angul> ro(1 9 ! int]ior ( ! pyramid4 ,9 ?is passage we f\nd1 ^u our "r h&1 ! my/]i\s well1 :i* has be5 s (t5 m5tion$4 ,pl9y makes ! dep? ( x equal to "o hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e feet2 b ,greaves1 9 s\nd+ x ) a l9e1 f\nd ! plummet re/ at ! dep? ( tw5ty feet4 8,we ?rew d[n "s /ones1 & obs]v$ t !y re/$ at ab\t ! dep? :i* ,greaves has m5tion$2 b be+ at l5g? provid$ ) a /one ne>ly z l>ge z ! m\? ( ! well1 & ab\t fifty p\nds 9 weight1 we let ?is fall1 li/5+ att5tively to ! result f ! spot :]e ! o!r /ones re/$3 we 7 agreeably surpris$ by he>+1 aft] a l5g? ( "t :i* mu/ h equal$ "s seconds1 a l\d & di/9ct report1 seem+ to come f a spaci\s subt]rane\s ap>tm5t1 accompani$ by a spla%+ noise1 z if ! /one _h be5 brok5 9 pieces1 & _h fall5 into a res]voir ( wat] at an amaz+ dep?4 ,?us does exp]i5ce always t5d to confirm ! acc\nts left u by ! anci5ts2 = ?is exactly answ]s to ! description giv5 by ,pl9y ( ?is well4 8,aft] once m rega9+ ! passage :5ce ^! ducts div]ge1 we exam9$ ! *amb] at ! end ( x1 m5tion$ by all :o h describ$ ! int]ior ( ?is build+4 ,its ro( is angul>2 t is to say1 x is =m$ by ! incl9ation ( l>ge masses ( /one lean+ t[>d ea* o!r1 l ! appe>ance pres5t$ by ^? masses :i* are above ! entrance to ! pyramid4 ,!n quitt+ ! passage altoge!r1 we climb$ ! slipp]y & difficult asc5t :i* leads to :at is call$ ! pr9cipal *amb]4 ,! workman%ip1 f its p]fection1 & its imm5se proportions1 is truly a/oni%+4 ,all ab\t ! spectator1 z he proce$s1 is full ( maje/y1 & my/]y1 & wond]4 ,pres5tly we ent]$ t #8glori\s roome1' z x is ju/ly call$ by ,greaves1 :]e1 #8z )9 "s consecrat$ oratory1 art may seem to h cont5d$ ) nature4' ,x /&s #89 ! v he>t & c5t] ( ! pyramid1 equidi/ant f all its sides1 & almo/ 9 ! mid/ betwe5 ! basis & ! top4 ,! floor1 ! sides1 ! ro( ( x1 are all made ( va/ & exquisite tables ( ,!baick m>ble4' ,s nicely are ^! masses fitt$ to ea* o!r ^u ! sides ( ! *amb]1 t1 hav+ no cem5t betwe5 !m1 x is really impossible to =ce ! blade ( a knife )9 ! jo9ts4 ,?is has be5 (t5 relat$ be=e2 b we actually tri$ ! exp]im5t1 & f\nd x to be true4 ,!re are only six ranges ( /one f ! floor to ! ro(1 :i* is tw5ty feet high2 & ! l5g? ( ! *amb] is ab\t twelve y>ds4 ,x is also ab\t six y>ds wide4 ,! ro( or ceil+ consi/s ( only n9e pieces1 ( /up5d\s size & l5g?1 trav]s+ ! room f side to side1 & ly+1 l enorm\s beams1 across ! top40 ,mr4 ,salt1 ! travel]1 hav+ paid a lat] visit to ! pr9cipal pyramid1 9 company ) a ,briti% (fic]1 asc]ta9$ t ! %ort desc5d+ passage at its entrance1 :i* aft]w>d asc5ds to ! two *amb]s1 is cont9u$ 9 a /raight l9e ?r\gh ! base ( ! pyramid into ! rock on :i* x /&s4 ,?is new passage1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut bel[1 aft] jo9+ :at 0 =m]ly call$ ! well1 is cont9u$ =w>d 9 a horizontal l9e1 & t]m9ates 9 a well1 t5 feet 9 dep?1 exactly b5ea? ! apex ( ! pyramid1 & at ! dep? ( "o hundr$ feet b5ea? its base4 ,mr4 ,salt's companion likewise discov]$ an ap>tm5t imm$iately above ! k+'s *amb]1 exactly ( ! same size1 & ( ! same f9e workman%ip1 b only f\r feet 9 hight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,entrance ,,to ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,pyramids ,,( ,,gizeh4 ,! base ( ! pyramid ( ,cephr5es1 ! next 9 magnitude1 ( ! pyramids ( ,gizeh1 to t ( ,*eops1 is e/imat$ at six hundr$ & fifty-five feet1 & its hight at ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-eight4 ,! pyramid ( ,myc]9us has a base ( two hundr$ & eighty feet1 & an elevation ( "o hundr$ & sixty-two4 ,b1 z well sugge/$ by ,?ompson1 9 8 8,egypt ,pa/ & ,pres5t10 no m]e detail ( figures & /ati/ics1 c convey an idea ( ! size ( ^! va/ bodies z !y impress u :5 we /& be=e !m4 8,no idea10 he says1 8c be giv5 ( ! great pyramid1 by ! /atem5t t x cov]s an area ( ne>ly five hundr$ & fifty ?\s& squ>e feet1 measures sev5 hundr$ & fifty feet ^u ea* ( its f\r sides at ! base1 & is f\r hundr$ & sixty feet 9 hight1 or t x w\ld fill ! :ole l5g? ( ,wa%+ton squ>e 9 ,new ,york1 & exce$ its bread? by half1 & w\ld rise ne>ly two hundr$ feet high] ?an ! spire ( ,tr9ity *ur*4 ,! mass ( masonry is :at impresses y4 ,eighty-five million cubic feet ( solid masonry1 gives y no v def9ite idea ( ! mass ( /one "h pil$ toge!r ) su* ma!matical precision t a/ronomical calculations c\ld be bas$ ^u its angles & %ad[s4 ,no1 y mu/ see ! mass itself1 n n[ smoo? & poli%$1 z :5 orig9ally complet$1 b /ripp$ ( its out] cas+1 & %[+ ti] on ti] ( huge /ones squ>$ & fitt$ at ma!matical angles1 & n[ =m+ a s]ies ( rude /eps1 ea* f two to f\r feet high1 ext5d+ to ! v top4 ,t top is n[ a plat=m ab\t ?irty feet squ>e2 & ! view f its elevation is unp>allel$ 9 ! _w6 ,be=e y is ,cairo1 ) its l(ty m9>ets1 & its ov]hang+ citadel1 ! m\nta9s ( ,mokuttam skirt+ its re>2 ! gre5 valley ( ! ,nile is spread out = miles nor?w>d & s\?w>d2 at y\r feet are ! m\nds ( s& t cov] ! anci5t ,memphis2 s\?w>d is ! :ole range ( pyramids to ,sakk>a2 beh9d y are fragm5ts ( o!r pyramids1 ! ,libyan m\nta9s1 & ! wide wa/e ( ! great des]t4 ,b ! pres5t is lo/ 9 ! associations ( ! pa/4 ,y are /&+ ^u a monum5t t is kn[n to h /ood )9 a score ( f\r ?\s& ye>s2 t 0 z old z are our associations ( ,plym\? rock1 :5 ,abraham came into ,egypt1 & j\rney$ to ,memphis to enjoy ! favor ( ! k+4 ,he look$ ) wond]+ eyes ^u ?is self-same monum5t1 & he>d ! !n dim tradition ( ! tyrant1 :o1 hav+ built x = 8 own sepul*] by ! sweat & blood ( half a million ( 8 subjects1 0 compell$ to beg ( 8 fri5ds to bury him privately 9 "s secret place1 le/ aft] 8 dea?1 8 body %\ld be dragg$ by ! p f ! hat$ tomb60 ,! pyramids ( ,sakk>a1 :i* are num]\s1 are int]e/+ on acc\nt ( ! peculi>ities ( _! /ructure4 ,! l>ge/ ( !m is ( an irregul> =m1 ! l9e ( ! t]m9at+ angle be+ slop$ l a buttress rev]s$4 ,ano!r1 ( a middl+ size1 is compos$ ( /ages ris+ "o above ano!r4 ,! small] ones are greatly decay$2 b ! :ole occupy an ext5t ( two leagues4 ,?is multitude ( pyramids scatt]$ ov] ! di/rict ( ,sakk>a1 ,d5on obs]ves1 prove t ?is t]ritory 0 ! necropolis 7city ( ! dead7 to ! s\? ( ,memphis1 & t ! village opposite to ?is1 9 :i* ! pyramids ( ,gizeh are situat$1 0 ano!r necropolis1 :i* =m$ ! nor!rn extremity ( ,memphis4 ,! ext5t ( t anci5t city may ?us be measur$4 ,to ^! int]e/+ acc\nts ( ?is gr\p ( ! pyramids1 may be subjo9$ ! graphic sket* ( ,bay>d ,taylor1 :o visit$ !m s rec5tly z #ahea4 8,:5 we ?rew op5 ! lattic$ bl9ds ( our cab91 be=e sunrise ! next morn+1 ! extraord9>y purity ( ! air gave rise to an amus+ optical delusion on ! "p ( my fri5d4 #8,see t wall6' said he1 po9t+ to a space betwe5 two :ite h\ses2 #8:at a brilliant color x is pa9t$1 & h[ ^? palms & ^! :ite h\ses are reliev$ aga9/ x6' ,he 0 oblig$ to look twice be=e he p]ceiv$ t :at he _h tak5 = a wall close at h&1 0 really ! sky1 & re/$ ^u a f>-(f horizon4 ,our donkeys 7 9 read9ess on ! bank1 & tak+ ,a*met ) u1 we rode (f gayly among ! mud hovels & "u ! date-trees ( ,gizeh1 on our way to ! pyramids4 ,! ris+ sun %one r$ly ^u !m1 z we rode out on ! broad h>ve/ l& ( ! ,nile4 ,! black unctu\s loam 0 /ill too moi/ f ! inundation to be pl[$1 except 9 spots1 "h & !re1 b ev5 :]e ! wat] _h sc>ce evaporat$1 millions ( g]ms 7 pu%+ _! sl5d] blades up to ! sun%9e4 ,9 t prolific soil1 ! gr[? ( gra9 is visible f day to day4 ,! ,fellahs 7 at "w on all sides1 prep>+ = plant+1 & ! unga9ly buffaloes drew _! long pl[s sl[ly ?r\gh ! soil4 ,:]e fre%ly turn$1 ! e>? _h a ri*1 s(t lu/]1 l d>k-br[n velvet1 beside :i* ! fields ( "y :eat1 beans & l5tils1 glitt]$ ) ! mo/ brilliant gre54 ,! l>ks sang 9 ! air & flocks ( :ite pigeons clu/]$ l blossoms on ! tops ( ! sycamores4 ,!re1 9 ,novemb]1 x 0 ! fre%e/ & mo/ animat+ picture ( spr+4 ,! direct road to ! pyramids 0 impassable1 on acc\nt ( ! wat]1 & we rode along ! top ( a dike1 int]sect$ by canals1 to ! edge ( ! ,libyan des]t1 a di/ance ( ne>ly t5 miles4 ,! ruptures 9 ! dike oblig$ u occasionally to dism\nt1 & at ! la/ canal1 :i* cuts (f ! advanc+ s&s f ! b\nte\s pla9 on ! o!r side1 our donkeys 7 made to swim1 :ile we 7 c>ri$ across on ! %\ld]s ( two nak$ ,arabs4 ,!y _h run out 9 advance to meet u1 hail+ u ) _m ,engli% & ,fr5* phrases1 :ile half a doz5 boys1 ) e>!n bottles :i* !y _h j fill$ f ! slimy canal1 cr[d$ aft] !m1 insi/+1 9 v good ,engli%1 t we %\ld dr9k at once & take !m ) u to ! pyramids4 8,our donkeys' ho(s n[ sank deep 9 ! ,libyan s&s1 & we look$ up to ! great /one-piles ( ,*eops1 ,cephr5es & ,myc]9us1 n m ?an half a mile di/ant4 ,our sunrise view ( ! pyramids on leav+ ,gizeh1 0 suffici5t1 _h ,i gone no fur!r2 & ,i approa*$ !m1 )\t ! viol5t emotion :i* s5tim5tal travel]s exp]i5ce1 b ) a quiet feel+ ( ! mo/ p]fect satisfaction4 ,! =m ( ! pyramid is s simple & complete1 t no?+ is left to ! imag9ation4 ,^? va/1 yell[i%-gray masses1 ^: feet are wrapp$ 9 ! sil5t s&1 & ^: tops lean aga9/ ! s]5e blue heav51 ent] ! m9d & rema9 9 ! memory ) no %ock ( surprise1 no /ir ( unexpect$ admiration4 ,! impression !y give & leave1 is calm1 gr& & endur+ z !mselves4 8,! sun gl>$ hot on ! s& z we toil$ up ! asc5t to ! base ( ,*eops1 ^: %>p corn]s 7 n[ brok5 into zigzags by ! lay]s ( /one4 ,z we dism\nt$ 9 8 %ad[1 at ! foot ( ! pa? :i* leads up to ! entrance1 on ! nor!rn side1 a doz5 ,arabs beset u4 ,!y belong$ to ! regul> h]d :o h ! pyramids 9 *>ge1 & are s r5[n$ = _! impud5ce t x is cu/om>y to employ ! janiss>y ( "s consulate 9 ,cairo1 z a protection4 ,i took ?ree ( !m & comm5c$ ! asc5t1 leav+ ,a*met & my fri5d bel[4 ,two boys foll[$ u1 ) bottles ( wat]4 ,at fir/1 ! way seem$ haz>d\s1 = ! /ones 7 cov]$ ) s& & fragm5ts :i* _h fall5 f above1 b aft] we _h m\nt$ tw5ty c\rses1 ! h>d1 smoo? blocks ( granite =m$ broad] & m secure /eps4 ,two ,arabs w5t be=e1 "o hold+ ea* ( my h&s1 :ile ! ?ird %ov$ me up f ! re>4 ,! assi/ance ?us r5d]$ 0 n slight1 = few ( ! /ones are less ?an f\r feet 9 hight4 ,! wat]-boys scamp]$ up beside u ) ! agility ( cats4 ,we /opp$ a mom5t to take brea?1 at a sort ( re/+-place half-way up1 an op5+ 9 ! pyramid1 communicat+ ) ! upp]mo/ ( ! int]ior *amb]s4 ,i _h no soon] sat d[n on ! ne>e/ /one1 ?an ! ,arabs /ret*$ !mselves at my feet & ent]ta9$ me ) mo/ absurd mixture ( flatt]y & m5ace4 ,"o1 patt+ ! calves ( my legs1 cri$ out1 #8,oh1 :at f9e1 /rong legs6 h[ fa/ !y came up3 nobody ev] w5t up ! pyramid s fa/6' :ile ! o!rs add$1 #8,"h y mu/ give u back%ee%3 ev]ybody gives u a doll> "h4' ,my only answ] 01 to get up & beg9 climb+1 & !y did n cease pull+ & pu%+ till !y left me brea?less on ! summit4 ,! :ole asc5t did n occupy m ?an t5 m9utes4 8,! view f ,*eops has be5 (t5 describ$4 ,i c n say t x increas$ my impression ( ! maje/y & gr&eur ( ! pyramid1 = t 0 already complete4 ,my eyes w&]$ (f f ! c\rses ( granite1 broad5+ away bel[ my feet1 to contemplate ! glori\s gre5 ( ! ,nile-pla91 b>r$ ) palm-trees & divid$ by ! gleam+ flood ( ! anci5t riv]2 ! m9>ets ( ,cairo2 ! purple walls ( ! f> ,arabian m\nta9s2 ! pyramid gr\ps ( ,sakk>a & ,da%oor1 ov]look+ dis9t]r$ ,memphis 9 ! s\?2 & ! arid yell[ waves ( ! ,libyan des]t1 :i* roll$ unbrok5 to ! we/]n sky4 ,! cle>1 op5 heav5 above1 :i* seem$ to radiate light f its entire concave1 clasp$ 9 its embrace & h>moniz$ ! diff]5t features ( ?is wond]ful l&scape4 ,!re 0 too mu* w>m? & brilliance = desolation4 ,ev]y?+ 0 alive & real2 ! pyramids 7 n ru9s1 & ! dead ,ph>aohs1 ! wor%ip]s ( ,a?or & ,apis1 did n once ent] my m9d4 8,my wild att5dants did n long all[ me to enjoy ! view quietly4 ,to escape f _! importunities = back%ee% ,i gave !m two pia/]s 9 copp] co91 :i* in/antly turn$ _! flatt]ies into ! mo/ bitt] compla9ts4 ,x 0 insult+ to give s little1 & !y pref]r$ hav+ none2 if ,i w\ld n give a doll>1 ,i might take ! money back4 ,i took x )\t m ado1 & put x into my pocket4 ,?is r surpris$ !m1 & fir/ "o1 & !n ano!r1 came to me & begg$ to h x aga91 on 8 own private acc\nt4 ,i ?rew ! co9s high into ! air1 & z !y clatt]$ d[n on ! /ones1 !re ensu$ su* a scramble z w\ld h s5t any b ,arabs ov] ! edge ( ! pyramid4 ,we !n comm5c$ ! desc5t1 two seiz+ my h&s z be=e1 & dragg+ me headlong aft] !m4 ,we w5t /raight d[n ! side1 slid+ & leap+ f /one to /one )\t /opp+ to take brea?1 & rea*$ ! base 9 five or six m9utes4 ,i 0 s excit$ f ! previ\s aggression ( ! ,arabs1 t ,i nei!r felt fatigue nor gidd9ess on ! way up & d[n1 & 0 n aw>e h[ viol5t _h be5 my ex]tions4 ,b :5 ,i t\*$ ! level s&1 all my /r5g? vani%$ 9 an in/ant4 ,a black mi/ came ov] my eyes1 & ,i sank d[n helpless & ne>ly ins5sible4 ,i 0 sc>cely able to speak1 & x 0 an h\r be=e ,i c\ld sit upright on my donkey4 ,i felt ! pyramid 9 all my bones1 & = two or ?ree days aft]w>d mov$ my jo9ts ) z mu* difficulty z a rheumatic pati5t4 8,9 return+1 9 ab\t an h\r & a half we rea*$ ! ru9$ pyramids ( ,ab\sir1 :]e our pa? turn$ s\?w>d into ! des]t4 ,aft] see+ ,*eops & ,cephr5es1 ^! pyramids are only int]e/+ on acc\nt ( _! dilapidat$ /ate & ! peculi>ity ( _! =ms1 "s ( _! sides tak+ a m obtuse angle at half _! hight4 ,!y are buri$ deep 9 ! s&1 :i* has s drift$ t[>d ! pla91 t f ! broad holl[ ly+ betwe5 !m & ! gr\p ( ,sakk>a1 m ?an a mile di/ant1 e sign ( vegetation is %ut out4 ,va/1 slop+ causeways ( masonry lead up to two ( !m1 & a l>ge m\nd1 occupy+ ! space betwe51 sugge/s ! idea t a temple =m]ly /ood !re4 ,! :ole ( ! des]t promontory1 :i* seem$ to h be5 gradually bl[n out on ! pla91 f ! hills 9 ! re>1 exhibits traces "h & !re ( ru9s b5ea? ! surface4 ,my fri5d & ,i1 z we walk$ ov] ! hot s&1 be=e our pant+ donkeys1 came in/9ctively to ! same conclusion1 t a l>ge city mu/ h once occupi$ ! space betwe51 & to ! s\?w>d ( ! two gr\ps ( pyramids4 ,x is n (t5 t amateur antiqu>ians f9d su* sudd5 & triumphant confirmation ( _! conjectures1 z we did4 8,on ! way1 ,a*met _h told u ( a ,fr5*man :o _h be5 all summ] digg+ 9 ! s&1 ne> ,sakk>a4 ,aft] we _h crawl$ into ! subt]ranean dpt ( mummi$ ibises1 & ne>ly *ok$ ourselves ) du/ 9 try+ to f9d a pot n brok5 op52 & aft] "o ( our donkeym5 w5t into a human mummy pit & br\ght out ! feet & legs ( "s )]$ old ,egyptian1 we saw be=e u ! resid5ce ( ?is ,fr5*man2 a mud hut on a high s&-bank4 ,x 0 an un=tunate build+1 = ne>ly all ! front wall _h tumbl$ d[n1 reveal+ ! cont5ts ( 8 kit*54 ,"o or two ,arabs loit]$ ab\t1 b a l>ge numb] 7 employ$ at ! end ( a long tr5* :i* ext5d$ to ! hills4 ,be=e rea*+ ! h\se a numb] ( deep pits b>r$ our pa?1 & ! loose s&1 /irr$ by our feet1 slid back into ! bottom1 z if eag] to hide ! wond]s !y disclos$4 ,pavem5ts1 fre% z :5 fir/ laid2 basem5t-walls ( :ite m>ble1 /eps1 doorways1 p$e/als & fragm5ts ( pill>s glitt]$ 9 ! sun1 :i*1 aft] ! lapse ( m ?an two ?\s& ye>s1 beheld !m aga94 ,i slid d[n ! side ( ! pit & walk$ 9 ! /reets ( ,memphis4 ,! pavem5t ( bitum51 :i* once cov]$ ! /one blocks1 app>5tly to protect !m & dead5 ! noise ( horses & *>iots1 0 entire 9 _m places4 ,"h a m>ble sph9x sat at ! base ( a temple1 & />$ ab/ract$ly be=e h]2 !re a sculptur$ cornice1 ) heavy mold+s1 lean$ aga9/ ! walls ( ! *amb] into :i* x _h fall52 & ov] all 7 scatt]$ fragm5ts ( glaz$ & pa9t$ tiles & sculptur$ alaba/]4 ,! pr9cipal /reet 0 n>r[1 & 0 app>5tly occupi$ by private dwell+s1 b at its extremity 7 ! basem5t-walls ( a spaci\s edifice4 ,all ! pits op5$ on pavem5ts & walls1 s fre% & cleanly cut1 t !y seem$ r ! f\ndations ( a new city1 laid ye/]day1 ?an ! rema9s ( "o ( ! olde/ capitals ( ! _w4 8,we approa*$ ! workm51 :]e we met ! discov]] ( ,memphis1 ,mr4 ,augu/e ,m>iette4 ,on f9d+ we 7 n ,engli%m51 7( ^: visits he appe>$ to be r %y17 he became v c\rte\s & communicative4 ,he apologiz$ = ! little he _h to %[ u1 s9ce on acc\nt ( ! v&alism ( ! ,arabs1 he 0 oblig$ to cov] up all 8 discov]ies1 aft] mak+ 8 draw+s & measurem5ts4 ,! ,egyptian au?orities are worse ?an apa!tic1 = !y w\ld n hesitate to burn ! sph9xes = lime1 & build b>racks = fil?y soldi]s ) ! m>ble blocks4 ,besides ?is1 ! ,fr5* influ5ce at ,cairo 0 !n entirely ov]%ad[$ by t ( ,engl&1 & al?\gh ,m4 ,m>iette 0 support$ 9 8 labors by ! ,fr5* academy1 & a subscription head$ by ,l\is ,napoleon's "n1 he 0 =c$ to be cont5t ) ! simple p]mission to dig out ^! rem>kable ru9s & describe !m4 ,he c\ld nei!r protect !m nor remove ! portable sculptures & inscriptions1 & !re=e pref]r$ giv+ !m aga9 into ! safe keep+ ( ! s&4 ,"h !y w be secure f injury1 until "s m =tunate p]iod1 :51 possibly1 ! lo/ ,memphis may be entirely giv5 to ! _w1 z fre% z ,pompeii1 & f> m gr& & impos+4 8,i ask$ ,m4 ,m>iette :at fir/ induc$ him to dig = ,memphis 9 t spot1 s9ce antiqu>ians _h fix$ ^u ! m\nds ne> ,mitrah5ny 7a village 9 ! pla9 bel[1 & ab\t f\r miles di/ant17 z ! =m] site ( ! city4 ,he said t ! t5or ( an inscription :i* he f\nd on "o ( ! blocks qu>ri$ out ( ^! m\nds1 induc$ him to believe t ! pr9cipal "p ( ! city lay to ! we/w>d1 & !re=e he comm5c$ excavat+ 9 ! ne>e/ s&-hill 9 t direction4 ,aft] s9k+ pits 9 v>i\s places he /ruck on an av5ue ( sph9xes1 ! clue to all 8 aft] discov]ies4 ,foll[+ ?is1 he came ^u ! rema9s ( a temple1 7probably ! ,s]apeum1 or temple ( ,s]apis1 m5tion$ by ,/rabo17 & aft]w>d ^u /reets1 colonnades1 public & private edifices1 & all o!r signs ( a great city4 ,! numb] ( sph9xes alone1 buri$ "u ^! high s&-drifts1 am\nt$ to two ?\s&1 & he _h frequ5tly uncov]$ tw5ty or ?irty 9 a day4 ,he e/imat$ ! entire numb] ( /atues1 inscriptions & reliefs1 at betwe5 f\r & five ?\s&4 ,! mo/ rem>kable discov]y 0 t ( eight colossal /atues1 :i* 7 evid5tly ! product ( ,grecian art4 ,dur+ ?irte5 mon?s ( assidu\s labor1 ) b "o assi/ant1 he _h made draw+s ( all ^! objects & =w>d$ !m to ,p>is4 ,9 ord] to be ne> at h&1 he _h built an ,arab h\se ( unburnt bricks1 ! walls ( :i* _h j tumbl$ d[n = ! ?ird "t4 ,8 workm5 7 !n engag$ 9 cle>+ away ! s& f ! dwell+ ( "s old ,memphian1 & he int5d$ spread+ 8 ro( ov] ! massive walls1 & mak+ 8 resid5ce 9 ! exhum$ city4 ,! man's appe>ance %[$ :at he _h und]gone1 & gave me an idea ( ! extraord9>y zeal & pati5ce requir$ to make a successful antiqu>ian4 ,8 face 0 z br[n z an ,arab's1 8 eyes sev]ely inflam$1 & 8 h&s z r\gh z a bricklay]'s4 ,8 mann] ) ! native workm5 0 admirable1 & !y labor$ ) a he>ty good-w :i* almo/ suppli$ ! want ( ! ne$ful implem5ts4 ,all !y _h 7 /raw baskets1 :i* !y fill$ ) a sort ( rude %ovel1 & !n h&$ up to be c>ri$ (f on ! heads ( o!rs4 8,/rabo /ates t ,memphis _h a circumf]5ce ( sev5te5 miles1 & !re=e bo? ,m4 ,m>iette & ! antiqu>ians are "r4 ,! m\nds ( ,mitrah5ny probably m>k ! ea/]n portion ( ! city1 :ile its we/]n limit ext5d$ beyond ! pyramids ( ,sakk>a1 & includ$ 9 its suburbs ^? ( ,ab\sir & ,da%oor4 ,! space explor$ by ,m4 ,m>iette is ab\t a mile & a half 9 l5g?1 & some:at m ?an half a mile 9 bread?4 ,he 0 !n cont9u+ 8 excavations we/w>d1 & _h almo/ rea*$ ! fir/ ridge ( ! ,libyan hills1 )\t f9d+ ! t]m9ation ( ! ru9s4 ,! magnitude ( 8 discov]y w be be/ kn[n :5 8 draw+s & descriptions are giv5 to ! _w4 ,a few mon?s aft] my visit1 8 labors 7 fur!r rew>d$ by f9d+ ?irte5 colossal s>cophagi ( black m>ble1 & he has rec5tly add$ to 8 r5[n by discov]+ an entrance to ! ,sph9x4 ,yet at t "t1 ! exhumation ( ! lo/ ,memphis1 second only 9 importance to t ( ,n9eveh1 0 unkn[n 9 ,europe1 except to a few s>ans 9 ,p>is1 & ! fir/ intimation :i* "s ( my fri5ds 9 ,cairo & ,alex&ria _h ( x1 0 my own acc\nt ( my visit1 9 ! newspap]s !y receiv$ f ,am]ica4 ,b ,m4 ,m>iette is a "y man1 & w yet see 8 "n inscrib$ beside ^? ( ,burckh>dt1 ,belzoni & ,lay>d4 8,we _h /ill a long ride be=e u1 & ,i took leave ( ,memphis & its discov]]1 promis+ to revisit him on my return f ,kh>t\m4 ,z we pass$ ! brick pyramid ( ,sakk>a1 :i* is built 9 f\r t]races ( equal hight1 ! d>k1 grateful gre5 ( ! palms & h>ve/-fields ( ! ,nile appe>$ betwe5 two s&-hills1 a g5u9e balm to our heat$ eyes4 ,we rode ?r\gh groves ( ! fragrant mimosa to a broad dike1 ! w9d+s ( :i* we 7 oblig$ to foll[ across ! pla91 z ! soil 0 /ill wet & adhesive4 ,x 0 too late to visit ! beautiful pyramids ( ,da%oor1 ! fir/ ( :i* is m ?an ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight1 & f a di/ance has almo/ z gr& an effect z ^? ( ,gizeh4 ,our tir$ donkeys lagg$ sl[ly along to ! palm-groves ( ,mitrah5ny1 :]e we saw m\nds ( e>?1 a few blocks ( r$ granite & a colossal /atue ( ,remeses ,,ii41 7,seso/ris17 :i* until n[ 7 suppos$ to be ! only rema9s ( ,memphis4 ,! /atue lies on its face 9 a hole fill$ ) wat]4 ,! c\nt5ance is said to be v beautiful1 b ,i c\ld only see ! top ( ,seso/ris's back1 :i* bore a fa9t resemblance to a crocodile4 ,?r\gh fields ( cotton 9 pod & beans 9 blossom1 we rode to ! ,nile1 dismiss$ our donkeys & _! att5dants1 & lay d[n on "s bundles ( corn/alks to wait ! arrival ( our boat4 ,b !re _h be5 a s\? w9d all day1 & we _h ridd5 mu* fa/] ?an our m5 c\ld t[4 ,we sat till long aft] sunset be=e ! />s & /ripes1 float+ f ! mizz5 ( ! ,cleopatra1 turn$ ! corn] bel[ ,b$ra%eyn4 ,:51 at la/1 we sat at our cab9-table1 we>y & hungry1 we 7 ready to confess t ! works ( art produc$ by our cook1 7 m m>vel\s & int]e/+ ?an ,memphis & ! pyramids40 ,,! ,,tombs ,,at ,,sakk>a4 ,! pr$iction ( ,taylor1 quot$ above1 8t ,m4 ,m>iette1 ?\gh a "y man1 w\ld yet see 8 "n inscrib$ beside ^? ( ,burckh>dt1 ,belzoni & ,lay>d10 is 9 a fair way = fulfillm5t2 = ! f9d+ ( ! wond]ful tombs ( ,sakk>a1 & _! magnific5t s>cophagi1 is1 p]haps1 ! greate/ discov]y :i* has be5 made relative to ! antiquities ( ,egypt1 s9ce ! days ( ,belzoni himself4 ,! tomb1 a view ( ! entrance to :i* is giv5 9 ! cut bel[1 is situat$ 9 ! des]t ne> ,sakk>a1 to ! nor?-we/ ( & ne> ! pyramid1 ab\t f\r or five h\rs' ride f ,cairo1 by way ( ,t\ra1 :]e ! ,nile mu/ be cross$4 ,monsieur ,m>iette1 to ^: k & rese>* ?is discov]y is due1 is employ$ by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t4 ,a passage 9 ,/rabo hav+ l$ him to inf] t a l9e ( sph9xes l$ to ! ,s]apeum1 he comm5c$ 8 se>*1 "u a firman f ! vic]oy ( ,egypt1 ab\t two ye>s & a half s9ce1 9 ! mov+ s&-hills ( ,sakk>a4 ,he discov]$ ! l9e ( sph9xes1 "o ( :i* _h be5 f\nd 9 #ahcb1 by ,signor ,m>uc*i2 b !y n be+ 9 a /raight direction1 & turn+ abruptly at ! entrance ( ! ,s]apeum1 x 0 ) difficulty !y 7 trac$4 ,!y 7 "o hundr$ & =ty 9 numb]1 & sixte5 feet ap>t4 ,! :ole av5ue prov$ elev5 hundr$ & tw5ty feet 9 l5g?4 ,at ! t]m9ation 7 elev5 ,greek /atues ( ,hom]1 ,p9d>1 ,solon1 ,lycurgus1 ,ari/otle1 & o!r poets1 philosoph]s1 & lawgiv]s ( ,greece4 ,"o sph9x1 hav+ ! "n ( ,apis inscrib$ ^u x1 0 met ) "u a dep? ( sixty or sev5ty feet ( s&3 /one peacocks n9e feet high1 & colossal lions1 7 also f\nd "h4 ,! tomb ( ,apis 0 n[ s\ght =1 & discov]$1 aft] a :ole ye> ( labor1 on ! twelf? ( ,novemb]1 #ahea4 ,f ! av5ue a ma/aba1 or b5*1 & passage two hundr$ & n9ety feet long1 leads to a pylon1 ! entrance ( ! great temple4 ,! tomb runs f s\? to nor?1 & ! great gall]y f ea/ to we/4 ,?is is ab\t five hundr$ & tw5ty y>ds 9 l5g?1 & f f\r to five y>ds wide4 ,! *amb]s are n =m$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole l5g? ( ! gall]y1 & "s passages are altoge!r )\t !m4 ,! hi]oglyphic inscriptions on ! tomb are1 9 "o in/ance1 if n m1 unf9i%$2 & ! doors erect$ at ! entrance are too small to h all[$ ! passage ( ! s>cophagi1 & mu/1 !re=e1 h be5 built aft] ! latt] 7 introduc$4 ,! *amb]s are n opposite ea* o!r1 b arrang$ alt]nately1 9 ! usual mann] ( ,egyptian places ( sepulture4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is long gall]y1 :5 light$ up by num]\s c&les1 rec$+ 9 dim p]spective into gloom--! massive s>cophagi1 ( poli%$ granite1 ea* 9 its *amb]1 look+ tranquillity1 is an impos+ sight1 z may be se5 9 ! next foll[+ cut4 ,!y are ( enorm\s size & weight3 "o1 & t n ! l>ge/1 has be5 e/imat$ to weigh1 includ+ ! lid1 upw>d ( sixty tuns4 ,to h mov$ ^! & l[]$ !m into _! receptacles1 :i* are "s six feet bel[ ! floor ( ! gall]y1 9 s conf9$ a space1 mu/ h requir$ a consid]able am\nt ( me*anical skill & p[]4 ,9 ! walls are holes1 app>5tly = ! introduction ( ! ends ( beams4 ,! *amb]s may1 h[ev]1 h be5 fill$ ) s&1 ! s>cophagus pu%$ 9 & gradually l[]$ by ab/ract+ ! s&4 ,! "u side ( "o ( ! s>cophagi is r\nd$1 & x 0 kept /eady by wood5 blocks on ea* side4 ,:5 ^! are remov$ x c be rock$ by ! h&4 ,a groove1 ab\t two feet broad & two or ?ree in*es 9 dep?1 runs d[n ! middle ( ! gall]y4 ,a wood5 cap/an 0 f\nd ne> ! tombs1 & is suppos$ to h be5 us$ = mov+ ! /ones4 ,! entrance is incl9$4 ,! tombs are excavat$ 9 a s(t friable lime/one1 conta9+ num]\s small ve9s ( gypsum1 ab\t half an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,to prev5t ! ro( f fall+1 x has be5 coat$ ) flag/ones1 cem5t$ to x by a gypse\s cem5t2 b1 ei!r by ! h& ( viol5ce1 or t ( "t1 ^! h be5 deta*$1 & h fall5 to ! gr\nd1 encumb]+1 & p>tially *ok+ ! gall]ies & rooms4 ,! mort>1 h[ev]1 /ill adh]es 9 sev]al places to ! walls1 & projects :]e ! jo9ts ( ! /ones h be54 ,9 "o *amb] is a self-su/a9$ /one ar*2 ano!r pro(1 if any 7 n[ necess>y1 t its con/ruction 0 kn[n to ! anci5ts4 ,?is *amb] conta9s a small s>cophagus1 9 :i*1 probably1 7 ! bones ( a "y bull4 ,! bones ( bulls h be5 f\nd 9 sev]al s>cophagi2 b e "o _h be5 op5$1 & "s heap$ ) /ones2 an ea/]n m>k ( contempt1 probably ! "w ( ! ,p]sians4 ,at ! entrance 7 num]\s ex voto (f]+s ( inscrib$ tablets ins]t$ 9 small recesses 9 ! walls4 ,!re are also inscriptions1 9 ! ,demotic "*1 on ! out] doorway4 ,9 "s *amb]s are l>ge recesses to ! "r & left ( ! tomb1 :i* 9 "o in/ance conta9$ a l>ge granite tablet ) hi]oglyphics4 ,! numb] ( s>cophagi already discov]$ is tw5ty-five4 ,illu/ration3 ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,tombs ,,( ,,sakk>a4 ,^! tombs m]it ! visit ( all antiqu>ies & travel]s pass+ ?r\gh ,egypt2 & ,m4 ,m>iette's "w describ+ !m is look$ = ) anxiety by all savans4 ,to 8 k9dness & c\rtesy1 :i*1 z well z 8 hospitality1 are well kn[n1 ! public are indebt$ = ! great] portion ( ?is in=mation4 ,ne> to ,sakk>a1 on ! site ( ,memphis1 ,hekekyan ,bey has be5 mak+ excavations connect$ ) ! geological inve/igations ( ! ,nile valley1 in/itut$ at ! reque/ ( ,mr4 ,leon>d ,horn] & ! ,geological ,society ( ,london1 by ! vic]oy1 :o has v rec5tly receiv$ f ! ,engli% gov]nm5t1 ?r\gh ,mr4 ,murray1 a lett] ( ?anks = 8 lib]al aid to ! cause ( sci5ce4 ,a view ( ! great gall]y ( ^! tombs1 z x appe>s :5 light$ up1 is giv5 on ! next page4 ,,! ,,sph9x4 ,be=e pass+ to ! pyramids & ru9s ( ,m]o 9 ,e?iopia1 let u notice ! celebrat$ ,sph9x1 :i* /&s ne> ! great pyramids ( ,gizeh1 & ! enorm\s bulk ( :i* attracts ! att5tion ( e travel]4 ,( all ! monum5ts ( ,egypt1 ?is1 9 _m respects1 is ! mo/ my/]i\s & impressive4 ,x is cut out ( ! solid rock1 & by "s is suppos$ to h be5 ! sepul*] ( ,amasis4 ,x is m ?an sixty feet f ! gr\nd to ! cr[n ( ! head2 m ?an a hundr$ feet ar\nd ! =ehead2 & ne>ly "o hundr$ & fifty feet 9 l5g?4 ,! nose has be5 %amefully mutilat$4 8,?\gh its proportions are colossal1 its outl9e10 says ,d5on1 8is pure & graceful2 ! expression mild1 graci\s1 & tranquil2 ! "* is ,african2 b ! m\?1 ! lips ( :i* are ?ick1 has a s(tness & delicacy ( execution truly admirable2 x seems real life & fle%4 ,art mu/ h be5 at a high pit* :5 ?is monum5t 0 execut$2 =1 if ! head is defici5t 9 :at is call$ /yle1 t is1 9 ! /raight & bold l9es :i* give expression to ! figures "u :i* ! ,greeks h designat$ _! deities1 yet suffici5t ju/ice has be5 r5d]$ to ! f9e simplicity & "* ( nature display$ 9 ?is figure40 ,illu/ration3 ,,great ,,gall]y ,,( ,,! ,,tombs ,,( ,,sakk>a4 ,?us f> ! description ( ,d5on4 ,b ,taylor1 :o says ( ?is monum5t t 8!re is no?+ l x 9 ! _w10 adds1 t 8^? travel]s :o pron\nce its features to be negro 9 _! "*1 are c]ta9ly v ha/y 9 _! conclusions4 ,t x is an ,egyptian head1 is pla9ly evid5t1 not)/&+ its mutilation4 ,! type1 h[ev]1 is r full] & broad] ?an is usual 9 ,egyptian /atues40 ,:o re>$ x1 & = :at purpose1 & by :at mighty eng9]y1 is utt]ly unkn[n4 ,b !re x /&s1 8on ! v]ge ( ! des]t ^: s&s are heap$ ar\nd x1 & 9 advance ( ! ?ree va/ pyramids t =m an immovable phalanx z if to gu>d x f de/ruction1 look+ out 9 unfa?omable sil5ce ov] ! empty pla9 :]e once /ood ,memphis 9 ! pride ( ! e>li] ,ph>aohs1 & :]e ,cambyses batt]$ d[n t pride ) ! recklessness ( a b>b>ian invad]4 ,once an alt> /ood be=e x1 & a dromos ( cr\*+ lions & o!r figures =m$ a fit approa* to ! gigantic symbol ( ,egypt deifi$4 ,b n[ ! s&s drift 9 p]petually to hide all b ! head1 ^: sublime repose nei!r ! w>-club ( ! ,p]sian1 nor ?o fury ( ! sirocco has ev] di/urb$40 ,,ru9s ,,& ,,pyramids ,,( ,,m]o4 ,pass+ up ! ,nile to its great =k 9 ab\t latitude sev5te5 degrees1 we come to ! wond]ful ru9s & pyramids ( ,m]o1 9 ,e?iopia4 8,! discov]y ( ^! ru9s10 says ! well kn[n travel] la/ quot$1 8is ( comp>atively rec5t date2 & x is only )9 a v %ort "t t _! true place & "* 9 ,e?iopian hi/ory h be5 satisfactorily e/abli%$4 ,hosk9s1 ,cailliaud & ,f]l9i 7 ! fir/ to direct ! att5tion ( antiqu>ians to ?is qu>t]1 & ! lat] & m complete rese>*es ( ,lepsius leave room = little m to be discov]$ conc]n+ !m4 ,x is rem>kable t bo? ,bruce & ,burckh>dt1 :o travel$ by l& f ,b]b] to ,%5dy1 fail$ to see ! ru9s1 :i* mu/ h be5 visible f ! road !y foll[$4 ,! =m]1 9 fact1 speaks ( ! brok5 p$e/als1 c>v$ /ones & pott]y :i* are scatt]$ ov] ! pla91 & sagely says1 #8,x is impossible to avoid risk+ a guess t ?is is ! anci5t city ( ,m]o2' b he does n m5tion ! gr\ps ( pyramids :i* are s conspicu\s a feature 9 ! l&scape4 ,our pa? l$ ov] a pla9 cov]$ ) ?orny %rubs at fir/1 b aft]w>d h>d black gravel1 & we _h n gone m ?an a mile be=e ! ras po9t$ out ! pyramids ( ! anci5t ,e?iopian city4 ,i knew x only f its m5tion 9 hi/ory1 & _h nev] read any description ( its rema9s2 consequ5tly ,i 0 surpris$ to see be=e me1 9 ! vapory morn+ air1 :at appe>$ to be ! ru9s ( pyl & porticos1 z gr& & l(ty z ^? ( ,k>nak4 ,ris+ betwe5 u & ! m\nta9s1 !y _h an impos+ effect1 & ,i approa*$ !m ) excit$ anticipations4 ,z advanc$1 h[ev]1 & ! morn+ vapors melt$ away1 ,i f\nd t !y d]iv$ mu* ( _! app>5t hight f ! hill ^u :i* !y are built1 & t1 in/ead ( be+ ! %att]$ p>ts ( "o imm5se temple1 !y 7 a gr\p ( sep>ate pyramids1 /&+ amid ! ru9s ( o!rs :i* h be5 completely de/roy$4 8,we rea*$ !m aft] a walk ( ab\t f\r miles4 ,!y /& ^u a n>r[1 cresc5t-%ap$ hill1 :i* rises =ty or fifty feet f ! pla91 pres5t+ its convex front to ! ,nile1 :ile t[>d ! ea/ its holl[ curve embraces a small valley ly+ betwe5 x & ! m\nta9 range4 ,its ridge is cr[n$ ) a long l9e ( pyramids1 /&+ s close to ea* o!r t _! bases almo/ meet1 b pres5t+ no regul> plan or association1 except 9 ! direction ( _! faces4 ,none ( !m reta9s its apex1 & !y are all m or less ru9$1 ?\gh two are p]fect to )9 a few c\rses ( ! top4 ,i climb$ "o ( ! highe/1 f :i* ,i c\ld ov]look ! :ole gr\p1 z well z ano!r clu/]1 :i* cr[n$ ! summit ( a l[ ridge at ! foot ( ! m\nta9s opposite4 ,( ^? among :i* ,i /ood1 !re 7 sixte51 9 diff]5t degrees ( ru91 besides ! %apeless /one-heaps ( _m m4 ,!y are all built ( f9e r$ s&/one1 9 regul> c\rses ( masonry1 ! spaces ( :i* are n fill$1 or cas$1 z 9 ! ,egyptian pyramids1 except at ! corn]s1 :i* are cov]$ ) a n>r[ hem or mold+1 9 ord] to give a smoo? outl9e4 ,! /ones are ab\t eighte5 in*es high1 & ! recession ( ea* c\rse v>ies f two to f\r in*es1 s t ! hight ( ! /ructure is always mu* great] ?an ! bread? ( ! base4 ,a peculi>ity ( ^! pyramids is1 t ! sides are n /raight b curv$ l9es1 ( diff]5t degrees ( convexity1 & ! bread? ( ! c\rses ( /one is adju/$ ) ! utmo/ nicety1 s z to produce ?is =m4 ,!y are small1 comp>$ ) ! enorm\s piles ( ,gizeh & ,da%oor1 b s+ul>ly graceful & elegant 9 appe>ance4 ,n "o ( ! gr\p is m ?an sev5ty feet 9 hight1 nor :5 complete c\ld h exce$$ "o hundr$4 ,all1 or ne>ly all1 h a small *amb] atta*$ to ! ext]ior1 exactly aga9/ ! c5t] ( _! ea/]n sides1 b no passage lead+ into ! int]ior2 & f ! traces ( ,dr4 ,lepsius's labors1 by :i* ,i pla9ly saw t he _h attempt$ 9 va9 to f9d an entrance1 x is evid5t t !y are m]ely solid piles ( masonry1 & t1 if !y 7 int5d$ tombs1 ! bodies 7 deposit$ 9 ! out] *amb]s4 ,"s ( ^! *amb]s are entire1 except ! ro(1 & _! walls are pr(usely sculptur$ ) hi]oglyphics1 some:at blurr$ & worn d[n1 f ! effect ( ! summ] ra9s4 ,_! entrances resembl$ ! doorways ( temples1 on a m9iature scale1 & ! c5tral /ones ( two ( !m 7 sculptur$ ) ! sacr$ w+$ globe4 ,i saw on ! jamb ( ano!r1 a figure ( ! god ,horus4 ,! *amb]s 7 q small1 & n high en\gh to all[ me to /& upright4 ,! sculptures h a v diff]5t "* f ^? 9 ! tombs ( ,!bes1 & _! resemblance to ^? ( ! ,ptolemaic p]iod 0 evid5t at ! fir/ glance4 ,! only c>t\*es ( mon>*s :i* ,i f\nd 7 s oblit]at$ t ,i c\ld n id5tify !m2 b ! figure ( "o ( ! k+s1 grasp+ 9 "o h& ! hair ( a gr\p ( captives1 :ile ) ! o!r he lifts a sword to slay !m1 be>s a /rik+ resemblance to t ( ,ptolemy ,eu]getes1 on ! pylon ( ! temple at ,edf\4 ,_m ( ! /ones 9 ! va/ heaps :i* lie scatt]$ ov] ! hills1 are cov]$ ) sculptures4 ,i f\nd on "s ! w+$ globe & sc>abes1 :ile o!rs reta9$ ! scroll or fillet :i* usually cov]s ! slop+ corn]s ( a pylon4 ,on ! nor!rn "p ( ! hill ,i f\nd sev]al blocks ( lime/one1 :i* exhibit$ a procession ( sculptur$ figures brilliantly color$4 8,! la/ /ructure on ! s\!rn extremity ( ! hill1 is r a t[] ?an a pyramid1 consi/+ ( a high base or f\ndation1 ^u :i* is rais$ a squ>e build+1 ! corn]s pres5t+ a v slight slope t[>d ! top1 :i* is cov]$ ) ru9s1 indicat+ t !re 0 orig9ally ano!r & n>r[] /ory ^u x4 ,:5 complete1 x mu/ h borne consid]able resemblance to ! ,assyrian t[]s1 ! rema9s ( :i* are f\nd at ,n9eveh4 ,on ?is "p ( ! hill !re are _m small deta*$ *amb]s1 all fac+ ! ea/1 & ! rema9s ( a l>ge build+4 ,"h ,lepsius appe>s to h exp5d$ mo/ ( 8 labors2 & ! heaps ( /one & rubbi% he has left beh9d him1 prev5t "o f gett+ a v cle> idea ( ! orig9al disposition ( ! build+s4 ,he has qu>ri$ "o ( ! pyramids d[n to its base1 )\t f9d+ any *amb] )9 or pit b5ea? x4 ,my ras1 :o 0 at a loss to compreh5d ! object ( my visit1 spoke ( ,lepsius z a great ,frank a/rolog]1 :o _h kept hundr$s ( ! p at "w = _m days1 & at la/ f\nd 9 ! e>? a multitude ( *ick5s & pigeons1 all ( solid gold4 ,he !n gave ! p a great deal ( back%ee% & w5t away1 tak+ ! gold5 f[ls ) him4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ object he has reveal$ is a vault$ room1 ab\t tw5ty feet long1 :i* ! ras po9t$ out z ! place :]e ! treasures 7 f\nd4 ,x is possible t he "h ref]r$ to ! discov]ies made ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago by ,f]l9i1 :o excavat$ a great quantity ( r+s & o!r ornam5ts1 ,greek & ,roman1 z well z ,e?iopian1 :i* are n[ 9 ! museum at ,b]l94 ,! ceil+ ( ?is vault is on ! true pr9ciple ( ! ar*1 ) a key/one 9 ! c5t]1 :i* circum/ance1 z well z ! "* ( ! sculptures1 w\ld seem to fix ! age ( ! pyramids at a little m ?an two ?\s& ye>s4 ,i took a sket* ( ?is rem>kable clu/] ( ru9s f _! nor!rn end1 & aft]w>d ano!r f ! valley bel[1 :5ce ea* pyramid appe>s di/9ct & sep>ate1 no "o cov]+ ! o!r4 ,! ras & sailors 7 puzzl$ :at to make ( my inspection ( ! place1 b f9ally conclud$ t ,i hop$ to f9d a few gold5 pigeons1 :i* ! ,frank a/rolog] _h n c>ri$ away4 ,i next visit$ ! ea/]n gr\p1 :i* consi/s ( t5 pyramids1 m or less dilapidat$1 & ! ru9$ f\ndations ( six or eight m4 ,! l>ge/1 :i* ,i asc5d$1 consi/s ( ?irty-five c\rses ( /one1 & is ab\t fifty-?ree feet 9 hight1 eight or t5 feet ( ! apex hav+ be5 hurl$ d[n4 ,ea* side ( ! apex is sev5te5 paces1 or ab\t =ty-two feet long1 & ! angle ( asc5t is consequ5tly mu* great] ?an 9 ! pyramids ( ,egypt4 ,on ! slope ( ! hill are ! sub/ructions ( two or ?ree l>ge build+s1 ( :i* suffici5t rema9s to %[ ! disposition ( ! *amb]s & ! location ( ! doorways4 ,t[>d ! s\?1 ne> :]e ! valley inclos$ betwe5 ! two gr\ps op5s ^u ! pla91 are ! rema9s ( o!r pyramids & build+s1 & "s l>ge1 =tress-l ru9s are se5 on ! summits ( ! m\nta9s to ! ea/4 ,i w\ld will+ly h visit$ !m1 b ! w9d 0 bl[+ fre%1 & ! ras 0 impati5t to get back to 8 vessel4 ,_m ( ! /ones ( ! pyramids are cov]$ ) rude attempts at sculptur+ camels & horses2 no d\bt by ! ,arabs1 = !y resemble a s*ool-boy's fir/ draw+s on a slate2 /raight /icks = legs1 squ>es = bodies1 & triangles = humps4 8,leav+ ! ru9s to ! company ( ! black goats t 7 br[s+ on ! dry grass1 gr[+ 9 bun*es at _! ea/]n base1 ,i walk$ to ano!r gr\p ( pyramids1 :i* lay a mile & a half to ! s\?-we/1 t[>d ! ,nile4 ,z we approa*$ !m1 a h]d ( beautiful gray gazelles />t$ f among ! /ones & b\nd$ away into ! des]t4 #8,^! 7 ! t5ts ( ! poor p1' said ! ras1 po9t+ to ! pyramids2 #8! ,frank f\nd no gold5 pigeons "h4' ,!y 71 9 fact1 small] & m dilapidat$ ?an ! o!rs4 ,"s _h pla9 burial *amb]s atta*$ to _! ea/]n sides1 b ! sculptures 7 few & insignificant4 ,!re 7 sixte5 9 all1 m or less ru9$4 ,scatt]+ m\nds1 ab\nd+ ) fragm5ts ( bricks & build+ /ones1 ext5d$ f ^! ru9s ne>ly to ! riv]'s bank1 a di/ance ( m ?an two miles2 & ! f\ndations ( _m o!r pyramids might be se5 among !m4 ,! total numb] ( pyramids 9 a p>tial /ate ( pres]vation1 7"s be+ ne>ly p]fect1 :ile a few reta9$ only two or ?ree ( ! l[] c\rses17 :i* ,i c\nt$ on ! site ( ,m]o1 0 =ty-two4 ,besides ^!1 ,i notic$ ! traces ( =ty or fifty o!rs1 :i* _h be5 :olly demoli%$4 ,! entire numb]1 h[ev]1 ( :i* ,m]o c\ld boa/1 9 its prime1 0 "o hundr$ & n9ety-six4 ,! m\nds ne> ! riv]1 :i* cov] an ext5t ( betwe5 "o & two miles1 po9t out ! site ( ! city1 ! capital ( ! old hi]>*y ( ,m]o1 & ! pyramids are no d\bt ! tombs ( its k+s & prie/s4 ,x is r s+ul> t ! city has be5 s completely de/roy$1 z ! pr9cipal spoil]s ( ,egypt1 ! ,p]sians1 nev] p5etrat$ into ,e?iopia1 & !re is no evid5ce ( ! /ones hav+ be5 us$ to any ext5t by ! ,arabs1 z build+ mat]ials4 8,! exam9ation ( ,m]o has solv$ ! d\btful "q ( an ,e?iopian civilization ant]ior to t ( ,egypt4 ,hosk9s & ,cailliaud1 :o attribut$ a great antiquity to ! ru9s1 7 misl$ by ! fact1 discov]$ by ,lepsius1 t ! ,e?iopian mon>*s adopt$ z _! own1 & plac$ ^u _! tombs ! nom5s ( ! e>li] ,ph>aohs4 ,x is n[ e/abli%$ beyond a d\bt1 t1 s f> f be+ ! olde/1 ^! are ! late/ rema9s ( ,egyptian art2 _! inf]iority displays its decad5ce1 & n ! rude1 orig9al type1 :5ce x sprang4 ,/>t+ f ,memphis1 :]e n only ! olde/ ,egyptian1 b ! olde/ human records yet discov]$1 are f\nd1 ! era ( civilization becomes lat]1 z y asc5d ! ,nile4 ,9 ,nubia1 !re are traces ( ,?o?mes & ,amunoph ,,iii41 or ab\t fifte5 c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era2 at ,napata1 ! anci5t capital ( ,e?iopia1 we c n get beyond ,k+ ,tirhaka1 eight c5turies lat]2 :ile at ,m]o1 !re is no evid5ce :i* c fix ! date ( ! pyramids e>li] ?an ! fir/1 or at fur!/1 ! second c5tury be=e ,*ri/4 ,egypt1 !re=e1 0 n civiliz$ f ,e?iopia1 b ,e?iopia f ,egypt4 ,! sculptures at ,m]o also e/abli% ! important fact t ! anci5t ,e?iopians1 ?\gh ( a d>k] complexion ?an ! ,egyptians1 7z !y are 9 fact repres5t$1 9 ,egyptian sculpture17 71 l !m1 an (f%oot ( ! great ,caucasian race4 ,:e!r !y 7 orig9ally emigrants f nor!rn ,india & ! regions ab\t ,ca%m]e1 z ! ,egyptians are suppos$ to h be51 or1 l ! ,b5i ,korei% at a lat] p]iod1 cross$ ov] f ! ,arabian p59sula1 is n s easily det]m9$4 ,! !ory ( ,pococke & o!r s*ol>s1 bas$ on ! presum$ antiquity ( ,m]o1 t "h 0 ! fir/ dawn+ on ,african soil ( t e>lie/ ,indian civilization1 :i* aft]w>d culm9at$ at ,memphis & ,!bes1 is ov]?r[n b we h :at is ( /ill great] significance1 ! k t ! highe/ civilization1 9 e age ( ! _w1 has be5 develop$ by ! race to :i* we belong4 8,i walk$ sl[ly back to ! boat1 ov] ! desolate pla91 /riv+ to create f ^? %apeless piles ( ru9 ! spl5dor ( :i* !y 7 once a "p4 ,! sun1 & ! w9d1 & ! m\nta9s1 & ! ,nile1 7 :at !y _h ev] be52 b :]e ! k+s & prie/s ( ,m]o walk$ 9 ! pomp ( _! triumphal processions1 a poor1 submissive peasant knelt be=e me ) a g\rd full ( goat's milk2 & if ,i _h ask$ him :5 t pla9 _h be5 inhabit$1 he w\ld h answ]$ me1 l ,*idh>1 ! prophet3 #8,z ?\ see/ x n[1 s has x be5 =ev]6'0 ,,pyramids ,,& ,,ru9s ,,( ,,m]awe4 ,!re are o!r pyramids & ru9s 9 ,e?iopia t w\ld be wor?y ( ext5d$ notice1 b t !y are s f> surpass$ 9 numb] & magnific5ce by ^? already describ$4 ,! pr9cipal ( ^! are f\nd at ,m]awe1 ! =m] capital ( ,d>%ygeea1 to ! nor?-we/ ( ,m]o1 :]e ! ,nile1 fl[+ s\?-we/1 rea*es ! fronti] ( ,dongola4 ,?is ,m]awe mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ,m]o1 ! ru9s ( :i* h j be5 describ$4 ,! id5tity ( ! s\nds ( ! names1 did1 inde$1 at fir/ deceive antiqu>ians1 :o suppos$ ! temples & pyramids 9 ?is neighborhood to h belong$ to ! capital ( ! old hi]>*y ( ,m]o2 b x is n[ satisfactorily e/abli%$ t !y m>k ! site ( ,napata1 ! capital ( ,e?iopia up to ! "t ( ! ,cs>s4 ,x 0 ! limit ( ! celebrat$ exp$ition ( ! ,roman soldi]s1 "u ,petronius4 ,djebel ,b]kel1 at ^: base ! pr9cipal rema9s are f\nd1 is 9 latitude eighte5 degrees1 ?irty-five m9utes1 or !reab\ts4 ,z ! travel] already quot$1 rose 9 ! morn+1 to g ov] to ! m\nta9 & ! ru9s at its base1 8,i 010 says he1 8en*ant$ ) ! picture :i* ! %ores pres5t$4 ,! air 0 fill$ ) a light1 silv]y vapor1 7a *>act]i/ic ( sultry wea!r 9 ,africa17 s(t5+ ! deep1 ri* color ( ! l&scape4 ,! ea/]n bank 0 "o b[] ( palms1 /&+ motionless1 9 p]fect gr\ps1 above ! long1 slop+ banks ( beans 9 blossom4 ,su* grace & glory1 su* sil5ce & repose1 ,i ?\ght ,i _h nev] be=e se5 9 ! vegetable _w4 ,opposite1 ! ru9$ palaces ( ! old ,%ygheean k+s1 & ! mud & /one hovels ( mod]n ,m]awe1 rose 9 picturesque piles above ! riv] bank & bel[ ! r$ s&/one bluffs ( ! ,nubian des]t1 :i* ov]hung !m & p\r$ ! s& ?r\gh deep r5ts & fissures ^u _! v ro(s4 ,! mosque1 ) a tall1 circul> m9>et1 /ood emb[]$ 9 a g>d5 ( date-palms1 "u "o ( ! highe/ bluffs4 ,up ! riv]1 :i* /ret*$ glitt]+ into ! di/ance1 ! =e/ ( trees %ut out ! view ( ! des]t1 except ,djebel ,b]kel1 :i* /ood high & gr& above !m2 ! morn+ pa9t+ its surface ) r$ lights & purple %ad[s4 ,ov] ! mi/y horizon ( ! riv] rose a s+le conical peak1 f> away4 ,! sky 0 a pale1 sleepy blue1 & all t ,i saw seem$ beautiful dream-pictures1 ev]y:]e grace1 beauty1 spl5dor ( color+1 /eep$ 9 elysian repose4 ,x is impossible to describe ! glory ( t passage across ! riv]4 ,x paid me = all ! h>d%ips ( ! des]t4 8,:5 we t\*$ ! o!r %ore & m\nt$ ! little donkeys we _h tak5 across ) u1 ! ideal "* ( ! sc5e disappe>$1 b left a reality picturesque & poetic en\gh4 ,we rode "u a clu/] ( ru9$ /one build+s1 "o ( :i* occupi$ consid]able space1 ris+ pylon-l1 to ! hight ( ?irty feet4 ,! %ekh in=m$ me t x _h be5 ! palace ( a ,%ygheean k+1 be=e ! ,turks got possession ( ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 :olly dilapidat$1 b a few ,arab families 7 liv+ 9 ! /one dwell+s :i* surr\nd x4 ,^! clu/]s ( %att]$ build+s ext5d = m ?an a mile along ! riv]1 & are all n[ kn[n z ,m]awe4 ,our road l$ betwe5 fields ( rip5+ :eat1 roll+ 9 gre5 bill[s be=e ! breeze1 on "o side1 & on ! o!r1 n m ?an ?ree y>ds di/ant1 ! nak$ s&/one walls ( ! des]t1 :]e a blade ( grass nev] grew4 ,ov] ! :eat1 along ! bank ( ! ,nile1 rose a long =e/ ( palms1 s ?ickly rang$ t ! eye c\ld sc>cely p5etrate _! d5se1 cool %ade2 :ile on ! o!r h& ! gl>+ s&-hills %[$ _! burn+ %\ld]s above ! bluffs4 ,x 0 a mo/ viol5t contra/1 & yet1 )al1 !re 0 a c]ta9 h>mony 9 ^! opposite features4 ,we n[ approa*$ ! m\nta91 :i* is betwe5 ?ree & f\r miles f ! t[n4 ,x rises f out ! s&s ( ! ,nubian des]t1 to ! hight ( five hundr$ feet1 pres5t+ a front completely p]p5dicul> t[>d ! riv]4 ,x is inaccessible on all sides except ! nor?1 :i* 9 "o place has an incl9ation ( =ty-five degrees4 ,its sc>r$ & %att]$ walls ( nak$ s&/one /& up /]n & sublime 9 ! mid/ ( ! hot & languid l&scape4 ,z we approa*$1 a gr\p ( pyramids appe>$ on ! br[ ( a s&-hill to ! left1 & ,i disc]n$ at ! base ( ! m\nta9 sev]al isolat$ pill>s1 ! /one-piles ( ru9$ pylons1 & o!r rema9s ( temples4 ,! fir/ we rea*$ 0 at ! s\?-ea/]n corn] ( ! m\nta94 ,amid heaps ( s&/one blocks & disjo9t$ segm5ts ( pill>s1 five columns ( an exce$+ly old =m /ill po9t out ! c\rt ( a temple1 ^: adyta are hewn )9 ! m\nta94 ,!y are n m ?an t5 feet high & ?ree 9 diamet]1 circul>1 & )\t capital or abacus1 unless a l>g] block1 rudely sculptur$ ) ! outl9es ( a ,typhon-head1 may be consid]$ z su*4 ,! doorway is hurl$ d[n & defac$1 b ! c>t\*es ( k+s may /ill be trac$ on ! fragm5ts4 ,!re are ?ree *amb]s 9 ! rock1 ! walls ( :i* are cov]$ ) sculptures1 = ! mo/ "p repres5t+ ! ,egyptian div9ities4 ,! temple 0 probably d$icat$ to ,typhon1 or ! ,evil ,pr9ciple1 z "o ( ! columns is /ill fac$ ) a c>yatid ( ! %ort1 plump1 big-m\!d & bat-e>$ figure1 :i* else:]e repres5ts him4 ,ov] ! entrance is ! sacr$ w+$ globe1 & ! ceil+ %[s ! m>ks ( brilliant color+4 ,! temple is n rem>kable = its ar*itecture1 & c only be int]e/+ 9 an antiqu>ian po9t ( view4 ,x be>s "s resemblance 9 its g5]al /yle to ! temple-palace ( ,goorneh1 at ,!bes4 8,! ea/]n base ( ! m\nta91 :i* fronts ! ,nile1 is /rewn ) hewn blocks1 fragm5ts ( capitals1 imm5se masses ( d>k blui%-gray granite1 & o!r rema9s1 :i* prove t a l>ge & magnific5t temple once /ood !re4 ,! excavations made by ,lepsius & o!rs h uncov]$ ! sub/ructions suffici5tly to %[ ! g5]al plan ( two build+s4 ,! ma9 temple 0 at ! nor?-ea/]n corn] ( ! m\nta91 "u ! highe/ po9t ( its p]p5dicul> crags4 ,! rema9s ( its small propylons /& 9 advance1 ab\t two hundr$ y>ds f ! rock1 go+ t[>d :i*1 y climb ! m\nd =m$ by ! ru9s ( a l>ge pylon1 at ! foot ( :i* are two colossal ram-head$ sph9xes ( blue granite1 buri$ to _! necks 9 ! s&4 ,beyond ?is is a portico & pill>$ c\rt1 foll[$ by o!r c\rts & labyr9?s ( *amb]s4 ,sev]al l>ge blocks ( granite1 all m or less brok5 & defac$1 lie on ! surface or half qu>ri$ f ! rubbi%4 ,!y are v f9ely poli%$ & conta9 figures ( k+s1 evid5tly arrang$ 9 g5ealogical ord]1 ea* accompani$ ) 8 "n4 ,! %ekh _h a great deal to tell me ( ! ,franks1 :o dug up all ! place1 & set ! p to "w at haul+ away ! lions & rams1 :i* !y c>ri$ (f 9 %ips4 ,i look$ 9 va9 = ! celebrat$ p$e/al2 x has probably become ! spoil ( ,lepsius4 8,x 0 n[ noon1 & only ! pyramids rema9$ to be se5 on t side ( ! riv]4 ,! ma9 gr\p is ab\t a ?ird ( a mile f ! m\nta91 on ! ridge ( a s&-hill4 ,!re are six pyramids1 ne>ly entire1 & ! f\ndations ( o!rs4 ,!y are almo/ precisely simil> to ^? ( ! real ,m]o1 ea* hav+ a small ext]ior *amb] on ! ea/]n side4 ,l ! latt]1 !y are built ( s&/one blocks1 only fill$ at ! corn]s1 :i* are cov]$ ) a hem or mold+2 ! sides ( two ( !m are convex4 ,on all ( !m ! la/ eight or t5 c\rses next ! top h be5 smoo!d to foll[ ! slope ( ! side4 ,x 0 no d\bt int5d$ to f9i% !m all 9 ?is mann]4 ,"o ( !m has also ! corn] mold+ r\nd$1 s z to =m a scroll1 l t on ! cornice ( _m ( ! ,egyptian temples4 ,!y are n m ?an fifty feet 9 hight1 ) v n>r[ bases4 ,"o ( !m1 inde$1 seems to be ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! pyramid & ! obelisk4 ,ne>] ! riv] is an old] pyramid1 ?\gh no regul> c\rses ( /one are to be se5 any long]4 ,^! sepul*ral rema9s1 h[ev]1 are mu* inf]ior to ^? ( ,m]o4 ,! olde/ names f\nd at ,napata are ^? ( ,am5oph ,,iii4 & ,remeses ,,ii4 7#afcj ,b4 ,c4 & #adjj ,b4 ,c47 bo? ( :om subject$ ,nubia to _! rule4 ,! rema9s ( ,e?iopian art1 h[ev]1 g no fur!r ?an ,k+ ,tirkaka1 #gcj ,b4 ,c4--! ,e?iopian mon>*1 :o1 9 ! "t ( ,hezekiah1 m>*$ into ,pale/9e to meet ,s5na*]ib1 k+ ( ,assyria4 ,napata1 !re=e1 occupies an int]m$iate place 9 hi/ory1 betwe5 ,!bes & ,m]o1 %[+ ! gradual s\?w>d progress ( ,egyptian art & civilization4 ,x is a curi\s fact t ! old religion ( ,egypt %\ld h be5 "h met face to face1 & ov]?r[n1 by ,*ri/ianity1 :i*1 />t+ 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,abyss9ia1 foll[$ ! c\rse ( ! ,nile nor?w>d4 ,9 ! six? c5tury ( our era1 ,e?iopia & ,nubia 7 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity & rema9$ ?us until ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 !y fell b5ea? ! sword ( ,islam4 8,! next morn+1 ! %ekh propos$ go+ ) me to ! rema9s ( a temple1 half an h\r di/ant1 on ! ea/]n bank ( ! riv]4 ,aft] walk+ a mile & a half ov] ! s&s1 :i* h "h cr[d$ ! vegetation to ! v wat]'s edge1 we came to a broad m\nd ( /ones1 brok5 bricks & pott]y1 ) a f\ndation wall ( heavy lime/one blocks1 along ! we/]n side4 ,!re 7 traces ( doors & ni*es1 & on ! summit ( ! m\nd ! p$e/als ( columns simil> to ^? ( ,el ,b]kel4 ,f ?is place comm5c$ a wa/e ( ru9s1 ext5d+ = ne>ly two miles t[>d ! nor?-we/1 :ile ! bread?1 f ea/ to we/1 0 ab\t equal4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 ! build+s 7 entirely conceal$ by ! s&1 :i* 0 fill$ ) fragm5ts ( pott]y & glass1 & ) %9+ pebbles ( jasp]1 agate & *alc$ony4 ,half a mile fur!r1 we /ruck on ano!r m\nd1 ( great] ext5t1 ?\gh ! build+s 7 entirely level ) ! e>?4 ,! f\ndations ( pill>s 7 abundant1 & fragm5ts ( circul> lime/one blocks lay crumbl+ to pieces 9 ! rubbi%4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ object 0 a mutilat$ figure ( blue granite1 ( :i* only a huge pair ( w+s c\ld be recogniz$4 ,! %ekh said t all ! ,frank travel]s :o came !re broke (f a piece & c>ri$ x away ) !m4 ,i did n foll[ _! example4 ,t[>d ! riv] 7 _m rema9s ( crude brick walls1 & ! gr\nd 0 /rewn ) pieces ( excell5t h>d-burnt bricks4 ,! s& evid5tly conceals _m int]e/+ objects4 ,i saw 9 "o place1 :]e x _h fall5 91 ! entrance to a *amb]1 :olly bel[ ! surface4 ,! ,arabs 7 at "w 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! pla91 digg+ up ! s&1 :i* !y fill$ 9 baskets & c>ri$ away on donkeys4 ,! %ekh said x conta9$ salt1 & 0 v good to make :eat gr[1 :5ce ,i inf]r$ t ! e>? is nitr\s4 ,we walk$ = an h\r or two ov] ! ru9s1 f9d+ ev]y:]e ! evid5ce t a l>ge capital _h once /ood on ! spot4 ,! bits ( wat]-j>s :i* we pick$ up 7 frequ5tly pa9t$ & glaz$ ) mu* skill4 ,! soil 0 9 _m places :olly compos$ ( ! debris ( ! =m] dwell+s4 ,?is 01 )\t d\bt1 ! anci5t ,napata1 ( :i* ,djebel ,b]kel 0 only ! necropolis4 ,napata mu/ h be5 "o ( ! greate/ cities ( anci5t ,africa1 aft] ,!bes1 ,memphis & ,c>?age4 ,i felt a peculi> int]e/ 9 w&]+ ov] ! site ( t half-=gott5 capital1 :]e( ! anci5t hi/orians knew little m ?an we4 ,t s little is said by !m 9 relation to x is some:at surpris+1 not)/&+ its di/ance f ! ,roman fronti]40 ,,egyptian ,,temples ,,& ,,monum5ts4 ,return+ f ,e?iopia to ,egypt1 we f9d n a few ( its monum5ts & temples wor?y ( our notice z wond]ful te/imonies to ! art & weal? ( _! anci5t build]s4 ,,pompey',s ,,pill> ,,& ,,cleopatra',s ,,ne$le4 ,pass+ out1 t[>d ! s\?1 f mod]n ,alex&ria1 "o ( ! fir/ objects t greets ! eye ( ! travel]1 is ,pompey's pill>1 :i* re>s its /up5d\s mass ( poli%$ granite 9 solit>y gr&eur1 a monum5t ( buri$ empires & ( nations t h pass$ away4 ,?\gh x n[ /&s alone1 x is suppos$ to h be5 b "o ( ! f\r hundr$ /ately columns ( ! ,s]apeum z x once /ood 9 all its gr&eur4 8,?is pill>10 says ,?ompson1 8is ! "o solit>y monum5t ( ! old city ^u its s\!rn front1 & answ]s to ! "o /&+ obelisk t is its solit>y monum5t on ! nor?4 ,( its orig91 hi/ory is z sil5t z ! mummy ( ,belzoni's tomb2 b !re is no d\bt t #8,pompey's pill> is really a misnom]2' = ! inscription #8%[s x to h be5 erect$ by ,publius1 ! prefect ( ,egypt1 9 honor ( ,diocletian1' :o subdu$ a revolt at ,alex&ria by captur+ ! city1 ,a4 ,d4 #bif4 ,b :e!r x 0 !n fir/ hewn f ! qu>ry1 or 0 transport$ f "s decay+ temple up ! ,nile1 ! ,greek lett]+ does n in=m u4 ,if ! latt]1 7:i*1 consid]+ ! decl9e ( art & ! pilf]+ prop5sities ( ! ,romans1 is probable17 !n ?is n[ lonely s5t9el1 an ,egyptian column ) a ,greek inscription to a ,roman emp]or1 has witness$ 9 turn ! decay ( ,egypt1 ( ,greece1 & ( ,rome1 ^u ! soil :]e x /ill disputes ) ,"t ! empire ( ! pa/4 ,to ! read] ( ,gibbon1 x may seem /range t a monum5t %\ld h be5 re>$ at ,alex&ria 9 honor ( a conqu]or1 :o1 dur+ a siege ( eight mon?s1 wa/$ ! city by ! sword & by fire1 & :o1 :5 x f9ally capitulat$ & implor$ 8 clem5cy1 caus$ x to feel #8! full ext5t ( 8 sev]ity1' & de/roy$ #8?\s&s ( its citiz5s 9 a promiscu\s slaught]4' ,! fact may s]ve to %[ ! wor?lessness ( su* monum5ts z te/imonials to "*1 or z expressions ( public e/eem4 ,b :atev] may be its hi/ory or its associations1 "o c n look ^u ?is column )\t a feel+ ( a/oni%m5t & awe4 ,outside ( ! mod]n city walls & "s six hundr$ y>ds to ! s\? ( !m1 away f ! pres5t homes ( m51 b on an em95ce t ov]looks ! entire city1 & 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! meag]1 att5uat$ /yle ( its pres5t ar*itecture1 /&s ?is /up5d\s column ( r$ granite1 n9ety-n9e feet 9 hight by ?irty 9 circumf]5ce1 its %aft an elegant monoli? measur+ sev5ty-?ree feet betwe5 ! p$e/al & ! capital4 ,x m>ks ! site ( an anci5t /adium1 & z "s conjecture1 ( ! gymnasium1 :i* 0 surr\nd$ ) maje/ic porticos ( granite40 ,illu/ration3 ,,cleopatra',s ,,ne$le4 ,f ,pompey's pill>1 to ,cleopatra's ne$les1 is a di/ance ( ab\t a mile ?r\gh ! city 9 a nor?-ea/]ly direction4 8,^! obelisks10 says ,?ompson1 8h no m relation to ,cleopatra1 ?an ! pill> has to ,pompey4 ,_! hi]oglyphics1 accord+ to ,wilk9son & ,lepsius1 date back z f> z ! exodus f ,egypt2 & !y 7 br\ght to ,alex&ria f ! city ( ,heliopolis1 or ,on1 ab\t a hundr$ miles to ! s\?4 ,ea* #8ne$le' is a solid block ( r$ granite1 ab\t sev5ty feet high1 & ne>ly eight feet 9 diamet] at ! base4 ,h[ su* huge blocks 7 cut f ! qu>ry1 transport$ hundr$s ( miles1 & erect$ ^u _! p$e/als1 is a my/]y n solv$ by any?+ yet discov]$ ( anci5t me*anic arts4 ,only "o ( ! obelisks is /&+4 ,! o!r 0 tak5 d[n to be transport$ to ,engl&1 b n[ lies half buri$ 9 ! mud & s&4 ,on "o side ( ! /&+ obelisk ! hi]oglyphics are di/9ctly legible1 b on ! nor!rn or seaw>d side !y are mu* defac$ by ! action ( ! wea!r4 ,x /&s ^u ! edge ( ! great h>bor1 9 a l9e ) ! rock ( ,ph>os t =ms ! extreme nor!rn po9t ( ! horse%oe port4 8,besides ! pill> & ! ne$les no?+ rema9s to te/ify ! =m] spl5dor ( ,alex&ria2 a capital t once vi$ ) ,rome1 conta9+ a population equal to t ( ,new ,york1 7?ree hundr$ ?\s& freem5 & z _m slaves17 & t s late z ! sev5? c5tury1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,amr\1 its ,s>ac5ic conqu]or1 conta9$ #8f\r ?\s& palaces1 f\r ?\s& ba?s1 f\r hundr$ !at]s1 twelve ?\s& %ops = ! sale ( vegetables1 & =ty ?\s& tribut>y ,jews4' ,a few ru9s are po9t$ out1 b ^! are fa/ disappe>+ ) ! ravages ( "t4 ,its "n is ! only memorial ( its f\nd]2 & ! long range ( catacombs along ! %ore to ! we/ ( ! city1 ! sole ve/ige ( its anci5t population4 ,s rapid 0 ! gr[? ( ! city1 t at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 x 0 #8second only to ,rome itself1' & #8compreh5d$ a circumf]5ce ( fifte5 miles' )9 its walls4 ,x 0 a great seat ( comm]ce4 #8,idl5ess 0 unkn[n4 ,ei!r sex1 & e age1 0 engag$ 9 ! pursuits ( indu/ry2' ! bl[+ ( glass1 ! weav+ ( l951 manufactur+ ! papyrus1 or conduct+ ! lucrative trade ( ! port4 ,alex&]1 fre% f ! conque/ ( ,tyre1 boa/$ t he w\ld "h build an emporium ( comm]ce surpass+ t :i* he _h ru9$1 & ?us w\ld recreate 9 8 own image ! _w he _h de/roy$4 ,! site ( ,alex&ria1 m felicit\s ?an t ( ,tyre1 promis$ to realize 8 ambiti\s dream4 ,its gates #8look$ out on ! gild$ b>ges ( ! ,nile1 on fleets at sea "u full sail1 on a h>bor t %elt]$ navies1 & a light-h\se t 0 ! m>9]'s />1 & ! wond] ( ! _w4' ,b nei!r ! felicity ( its location1 nor ! ent]prise ( its ,ptolemaic rul]s1 nor ! weal? ( its comm]ce1 nor ! le>n+ t ga!r$ to its s*ools ! /ud5ts ( art1 ( philosophy1 ( m$ic9e1 ( sci5ce1 & ( religion1 c\ld )/& ! m>* ( empire f ,asia to ,europe1 nor ! laws ( trade t foll[$ 9 its track40 ,! pres5t population ( ,alex&ria is less ?an a hundr$ ?\s&2 a mixture ( all ! ori5tal races1 ) _m ,europeans & ,jews4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh its n>r[ & dirty /reets1 n[ occupi$ ) a motley & pov]ty-/rick5 populace2 9 trav]s+ ! villages ( hovels )9 its walls1 :]e ! ,arab lies d[n ) 8 %eep1 8 goat1 8 dog1 & 8 donkey1 all 9 ! mud inclosure ( a few feet squ>e1 :i* mu/ be ent]$ by /oop+2 & 9 climb+ ! huge m\nds t are said to cov] ! anci5t capital1 x is difficult to realize t "h once dwelt ! hundr$ ?\s& ,jews1 = :om ! sev5ty made _! celebrat$ ,greek v]sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 t "h ! eloqu5t ,apollos 0 born1 & ! le>n$ ,a?anasius conduct$ 8 !ological controv]sies2 t "h ,!odosius1 by imp]ial edict1 de/roy$ ! temple ( ,s]apis1 & publicly e/abli%$ ,*ri/ianity 9 place ( ! outca/ div9ities ( ! ,egyptian ,greeks2 t "h 0 a s*ool to :i* ! sages ( ,greece resort$ = in/ruction 9 philosophy1 sci5ce & lett]s1 & :]e ,jewi% rabb9s & ,*ri/ian apologi/s vi$ ) ,greek dialecticians 9 ! v>i\s pursuits ( le>n+2 & t "h 0 a libr>y ( sev5 hundr$ ?\s& manuscript volumes1 a ,briti% museum or a ,smi?sonian in/itute1 boa/+ ! orig9als or ! duplicates ( _m ( ! mo/ valuable works ( ! !n curr5t lit]ature1 & :i*1 aft] ! accid5tal de/ruction ( a "p ( x 9 ! insurrection aga9/ ,julius ,cs>1 & ! willful de/ruction ( ano!r portion 9 ! sangu9>y religi\s w>s "u ,!odosius1 yet conta9$ en\gh ( writt5 papyrus to heat = six mon?s ! f\r ?\s& ba?s ( ! city1 "u ! summ>y decree ( ,om>3 8,if ^! writ+s ( ! ,greeks agree ) ! book ( ,god1 !y are useless1 & ne$ n be pres]v$2 if !y disagree1 !y are p]nici\s1 & ought to be de/roy$40 ,x is difficult amid su* surr\nd+s1 to realize t "h ,cs> & ,antony dalli$ ) ! *>ms ( ,cleopatra4 ,x is difficult to realize t :]e n[ bigotry1 fanaticism & sup]/ition hold sway ov] an ignorant & degrad$ p1 7 s*ools ( !ology1 & le>n$ fa!rs1 & a/ute controv]siali/s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian *ur*2 t "h ,*ri/ianity triumph$ ov] paganism 9 popul> tumults back$ by imp]ial decrees2 t "h ,m>k prea*$ ! gospel ( ! k+dom :]e ! ,e?iopian eunu* _h prec$$ him ) ! tid+s ( ! great salvation4 ,& yet t old ,alex&ria1 :i* began to be 9 ! f\r? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 & ( all ^: palaces & temples & monum5ts only two columns are n[ /&+1 0 ! y\nge/ ( ,egyptian cities1 & 0 built by ! conqu]or ( ,egypt :5 ,!bes1 & ,memphis1 & ! univ]sity city ( ,heliopolis1 7 already 9 _! decl9e4 ,su* is ! antiquity t meets u at ! ?re%old ( ! l& ( ! ,nile4 ,,! ,,catacombs ,,( ,,alex&ria4 ,9 connection ) ,alex&ria1 x is 9 place to speak ( its crypt or catacombs1 a range ( primeval sepul*]s1 on :i* a prodigi\s am\nt ( labor mu/ h be5 be/[$4 ,!y are situat$ ab\t half a league along ! %ore1 to ! we/w>d ( ! mod]n city2 & _! intricacy is su*1 t =m]ly ! guides w\ld n ent] !m )\t a clew ( ?read1 :i* !y unw\nd z !y w5t 91 s t by foll[+ x on _! return1 !y might secure _! safe retreat4 ,dr4 ,cl>ke is v p>ticul> 9 8 description ( ^! subt]ranean abodes ( ! dead2 & f 8 int]e/+ n>rative ! foll[+ p>ticul>s h be5 ga!r$4 ,! orig9al entrance to !m is n[ clos$1 & is ext]nally conceal$ f obs]vation4 ,! only place by :i* admittance to ! int]ior is practicable1 is a small ap]ture made ?r\gh ! s(t & s&y rock1 b>ely l>ge en\gh to admit a p]son ^u 8 h&s & knees4 ,"h1 sometimes1 ! travel] has enc\nt]$ jackals1 escap+ f ! int]ior :5 al>m$ by any p]son approa*+2 on :i* acc\nt1 a gun or pi/ol us$ (t5 to be dis*>g$ be=e ent]+1 to prev5t any sally ( ?is k9d4 8,hav+ pass$ ?is ap]ture10 says ,dr4 ,cl>ke1 8) light$ tap]s1 we arriv$1 by gradual desc5t1 9 a squ>e *amb]1 almo/ fill$ ) e>?3 to ! "r & left ( ?is are small] ap>tm5ts1 *isel$ 9 ! rock2 ea* ( ^! conta9s on ei!r side ( x1 except t ( ! entrance1 a soros = ! reception ( a mummy2 b1 ow+ to ! accumulation ( s& 9 all ( !m1 ?is "p ( ! catacombs c n be exam9$ )\t great difficulty4 ,leav+ ! fir/ *amb]1 we f\nd a second ( /ill l>g] dim5sions1 hav+ f\r crypt ) soroi1 two on ei!r side1 & a fif? at its extremity t[>d ! s\?-ea/4 ,f h5ce1 p5etrat+ t[>d ! we/1 we pass$ ?r\gh ano!r =c$ ap]ture1 :i* conduct$ u into a squ>e *amb]1 )\t any receptacles = dead bodies2 !nce1 pursu+ a s\?-we/]n c\rse1 we p]sev]$ 9 effect+ a passage1 ov] heaps ( s&1 f "o *amb] to ano!r1 admir+ ev]y:]e ! same extraord9>y effects ( labor & +5uity1 until we f\nd ourselves bewild]$ ) s _m passages1 t our clew ( ?read became ( m importance ?an we at fir/ believ$ x w\ld prove to be4 ,at la/ we rea*$ ! /ately ante*amb] ( ! pr9cipal sepul*]1 :i* _h e appe>ance ( be+ int5d$ = a regal repository4 ,x 0 ( a circul> =m1 surm\nt$ by a beautiful dome1 hewn out ( ! rock1 ) exquisite p]fection1 & ! pure/ simplicity ( workman%ip4 ,9 a few ( ! *amb]s we obs]v$ pila/]s1 resembl+1 9 _! /yle ( ar*itecture1 ! ,doric1 ) ar*itraves1 z 9 "s ( ! mo/ anci5t sepul*]s ne> ,j]usalem2 b !y 7 all integral p>ts ( ! solid rock4 ,! dome cov]+ ! circul> *amb] 0 )\t ornam5t2 ! entrance to x be+ f ! nor?-we/4 ,opposite to ?is entrance 0 a h&some squ>e crypt ) ?ree soroi2 & to ! "r & left 7 o!r crypt1 simil>ly surr\nd$ ) places = ! dead4 ,h]eab\ts we obs]v$ ! rem>kable symbol1 sculptur$ 9 relief1 ( an orb ) ext5d+ w+s1 evid5tly int5d$ to repres5t ! subt]rane\s sun1 or sol inf]us1 z m5tion$ by ,macrobius4 ,we endeavor$ to p5etrate fur!r t[>d ! s\?-we/ & s\?1 & f\nd t ano!r complete w+ ( ! va/ fabric ext5d$ 9 ^? directions1 b ! labor ( ! rese>* 0 excessive4 8,! crypt ^u ! s\?-we/ side correspond$ ) ^? :i* we h describ$ t[>d ! nor?-ea/4 ,9 ! middle1 betwe5 ! two1 a long range ( *amb]s ext5d$ f ! c5tral & circul> %r9e t[>d ! nor?-we/2 & 9 ?is direction appe>s to h be5 ! pr9cipal & orig9al entrance4 ,proce$+ t[>d x we came to a l>ge room 9 ! middle ( ! fabric1 betwe5 ! suppos$ ,s]apeum & ! ma9 outlet1 or portal1 t[>d ! sea4 ,"h ! workman%ip 0 v elaborate2 & to ! "r & left 7 *amb]s1 ) receptacles rang$ p>allel to ea* o!r4 ,fur!r on1 9 ! same direction1 is a passage ) gall]ies & spaci\s ap>tm5ts on ei!r side2 probably ! *amb]s = embalm+ ! dead1 or ^? belong+ to ! prie/s1 :o con/antly (ficiat$ 9 ! ,s]apeum4 ,9 ! front is a k9d ( ve/ibulum1 or por*2 b x is exce$+ly difficult to asc]ta9 precisely ! nature ( ! excavation t[>d ! ma9 entrance1 f ! mann] 9 :i* x is n[ *ok$ ) e>? & rubbi%4 ,if ?is "p 7 laid op51 x is possible t some?+ fur!r w\ld be kn[n z to ! design ( ! und]tak+2 &1 at all ev5ts1 "o ( ! mo/ curi\s ( ! antiquities ( ,egypt w\ld !n be expos$ to ! inve/igation x m]its4 ,hav+ pass$ ab\t six h\rs 9 explor+1 to ! be/ ( our ability1 ^! gloomy mansions1 we rega9$1 by means ( our clew1 ! ap]ture by :i* we _h ent]$1 & quitt$ !m =ev]40 ,,ba?+ ,,9 ,,! ,,ea/4 ,be=e leav+ ,alex&ria1 x may be int]e/+ to glance at ! process & luxury ( ori5tal ba?+1 s (t5 describ$ by travel]s 9 ,turkey & ,egypt4 ,! n>rative is f ,taylor1 :o1 ?\gh deceiv$ by 8 dragoman z to ! excell5ce ( ! ba? comp>$ ) o!rs :i* he might h visit$1 gives u a vivid picture ( ! process ! ba!r und]goes1 & ! full com=t t foll[s x4 ,he says1 8,! ba? to :i* he conduct$ u1 he decl>$ 0 ! f9e/ 9 ,alex&ria1 ! mo/ sup]b 9 all ! ori5t1 b x did n at all accord ) our ideas ( ea/]n luxury4 ,moreov]1 ! ba?-keep] 0 8 intimate fri5d1 & w\ld ba! u z no ,*ri/ians 7 ev] ba!d be=e4 ,"o fact ,ibrahim kept to himself1 :i* 01 t 8 intimate fri5d & he %>$ ! spoils ( our inexp]i5ce4 ,we 7 conduct$ to a "o-/ory build+1 ( v unprepossess+ ext]ior4 ,z we ent]$ ! l[1 vault$ entrance1 my e>s 7 salut$ ) a dolor\s1 groan+ s\nd1 :i* ,i at fir/ conjectur$ to proce$ f ! p]sons und]go+ ! op]ation1 b :i* ,i aft]w>d asc]ta9$ 0 made by a :eel turn$ by a buffalo1 employ$ 9 rais+ wat] f ! well4 ,9 a sort ( basem5t hall1 smell+ ( soap-suds1 & ) a l>ge tank ( dirty wat] 9 ! c5t]1 we 7 receiv$ by ! ba?-keep]1 :o %[$ u into a room conta9+ ?ree l[ divans ) pill[s4 ,"h we disrob$1 & ,ibrahim1 :o _h procur$ a quantity ( napk9s1 envelop$ our heads 9 turbans & swa!d our lo9s 9 a simple ,adamite g>m5t4 ,heavy wood5 clogs 7 atta*$ to our feet1 & an animat$ bronze /atue l$ ! way ?r\gh gloomy passages1 sometimes hot & /eamy1 sometimes cold & soapy1 & r$ol5t ( any?+ b ! spicy odors ( ,araby ! ble/1 to a small vault$ *amb]1 light$ by a few ap]tures 9 ! ceil+4 ,! moi/ heat 0 almo/ suffocat+2 hot wat] fl[$ ov] ! /one floor1 & ! /one b5*es we sat ^u 7 some:at cool] ?an kit*5 /oves4 ,! bronze individual left u1 & v soon1 sweat+ at e pore1 we began to ?9k ( ! ?ree ,hebrews 9 ! furnace4 ,our com=t 0 n increas$ by ! groan+ s\nd :i* we /ill he>d1 & by see+1 ?r\gh a hole 9 ! door1 five or six nak$ figures ly+ motionless along ! edge ( a /eam+ vat1 9 ! out] room4 ,pres5tly our /atue return$ ) a pair ( co>se hair-gloves on 8 h&s4 ,he snat*$ (f our turbans1 & !n1 seiz+ "o ( my fri5ds by ! %\ld] z if he _h be5 a %eep1 began a sort ( rasp+ op]ation ^u 8 back4 ,?is process1 v>i$ occasionally by a da% ( scald+ wat]1 0 ext5d$ to ea* ( our ?ree bodies1 & we 7 !n suff]$ to re/ a:ile4 ,a c\rse ( soap-suds foll[$1 :i* 0 s(t] & m pleasant 9 its effect1 except :5 he took u by ! hair1 & hold+ back our heads1 scrubb$ our faces mo/ lu/ily1 z if !re 7 no su* ?+s z eyes1 noses & m\?s4 ,by ?is "t we _h rea*$ su* a salam&r9e temp]ature t ! f9al op]ation ( a doz5 pailfuls ( hot wat] p\r$ ov] ! head1 0 really delightful4 ,aft] a plunge 9 a see?+ tank1 we 7 l$ back to our *amb] & envelop$ 9 loose musl9 robes4 ,turbans 7 b\nd on our heads & we lay on ! divans to recov] f ! languor ( ! ba?4 ,! *ange produc$ by our new co/ume 0 a/oni%+4 ,! /\t ,g]man became a ,turki% mollah1 ! "y ,smyrniote a picturesque ,p]sian1 & ,i--,i sc>cely "k :at1 b1 z my fri5ds assur$ me1 a mu* bett] ,moslem ?an ,frank4 ,cups ( black c(fee & pipes ( inf]ior tobacco complet$ ! process1 & 9 spite ( ! lack ( cleanl9ess & sup]abundance ( fleas1 we w5t =? light] 9 body1 & fill$ ) a calm cont5t :i* no?+ seem$ able to di/urb40 ,,egyptian ,,temples1 ,,monum5ts1 ,c4 ,! ru9s ( ! temple ( ,h]mopolis1 or ! great city ( ,m]cury1 :i* 7 ?\ght wond]ful till ! lat] discov]ies 9 ,egypt ?rew !m comp>atively 9 ! %ade1 give "s idea ( ! great range & high p]fection ! arts _h atta9$ 9 t c\ntry4 ,_m p>ts ( ^! ru9s h pres]v$ _! orig9al position1 )\t hav+ be5 alt]$ or de=m$ by ! works ( mod]n times1 & h rema9$ unt\*$ = well nigh f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,!y are ( free/one1 ( ! f95ess ( m>ble1 & h nei!r cem5t1 nor any o!r means ( union1 except ! p]fect fitt+ ( ! respective p>ts4 ,! colossal proportions ( ! edifice1 ev9ce ! p[] ! ,egyptians possess$ to raise su* enorm\s masses4 ,! portico is "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet long1 & its hight sixty feet4 ,n a spr+ ( an ar* rema9s1 to ?r[ light on ! dim5sions ( ! :ole ext5t ( ! temple1 or ( ! nave4 ,! ar*itecture is /ill ri*] ?an ! ,doric ord] ( ! ,greeks4 ,! %afts ( ! pill>s repres5t fasci1 or bundles2 & ! p$e/al1 ! /em ( ! lotus4 ,"u ! ro( betwe5 ! two middle columns1 are w+$ globes2 & all ! ro(s are ornam5t$ ) a wrea? ( pa9t$ />s1 ( an aurora color on a blue gr\nd4 ,! temple ( ,apoll9opolis ,magna is describ$ by ,d5on z surpass+ 9 ext5t1 maje/y1 magnific5ce1 & high pres]vation1 :atev] he _h se5 9 ,egypt1 or else:]e4 ,?is build+ is a long suite ( pyramidal gates1 ( c\rts decorat$ ) gall]ies1 ( porticos1 & ( cov]$ naves1 con/ruct$1 n ) common /ones1 b ) entire rocks4 ,?is sup]b edifice is situat$ on a ris+ gr\nd1 s z to ov]look1 n only its imm$iate vic9ity1 b ! :ole valley4 ,on ! "r is ! pr9cipal gate1 plac$ betwe5 two huge m\nds ( build+s1 on ! walls ( :i* are ?ree ord]s ( hi]oglyphic figures1 increas+ 9 _! gigantic dim5sions1 insomu* t ! la/ h a l5g? ( tw5ty-five feet4 ,! inn] c\rt is decorat$ ) a gall]y ( columns1 be>+ two t]races1 :i* come out at two gates1 ?r\gh :i* is ! passage to ! /airs1 lead+ to ! plat=m ( ! m\nds4 ,beh9d ! inn] portico are sev]al ap>tm5ts1 & ! sanctu>y ( ! temple4 ,a wall ( circumvallation is decorat$ bo? )9 & )\t ) innum]able hi]oglyphics1 execut$ 9 a v f9i%$ & labori\s /yle4 ,?is magnific5t temple appe>s to h be5 d$icat$ to ! evil g5ius1 ! figure ( ,typhon be+ repres5t$ 9 relief on ! f\r sides ( ! pl9? :i* surm\nts ea* ( ! capitals4 ,! entire frieze1 & all ! pa9t+s )91 are descriptive ( ,isis1 def5d+ h]self aga9/ ! attacks ( t mon/]4 ,,! ,,ru9s ,,( ,,!bes4 ,! ru9s ( ! anci5t city ( ,!bes1 :i* ,hom] has *>act]iz$ by ! s+le expression ( ! city ) a hundr$ gates1 are ( s imm5se an ext5t z to conv9ce ! spectator t fame has n exagg]at$ its size4 ,=1 z if ! diamet] ( old ,egypt 0 n suffici5t to conta9 x1 its monum5ts re/ on two *a9s ( contigu\s m\nta9s1 :ile its tombs occupy ! valleys t[>d ! we/1 /ret*+ (f into ! des]t4 ,! l>ge temple on ! ea/]n side is betwe5 two & ?ree leagues di/ant f ,m$e5et ,ab\1 :]e ! mo/ we/]n temple is situat$2 & ! mod]n village ( ,k>nak is built on a small "p ( ! site ( a s+le temple1 :i* is half a mile 9 circumf]5ce4 ,( ! rema9s ( ?is temple1 ,d5on tells u1 t 8( ! hundr$ columns ( ! portico alone1 ! smalle/ are sev5 feet & a half 9 diamet]1 & ! l>ge/ twelve4 ,! space occupi$ by ! circumvallation ( ! temple conta9s lakes & m\nta9s4 ,9 %ort1 to be enabl$ to =m a compet5t idea ( s mu* magnific5ce1 ! read] ought to fancy :at is be=e him to be a dream1 z he :o views ! objects !mselves rubs 8 eyes to "k :e!r he is awake4 ,! av5ue lead+ f ,k>nak to ,luxor1 a space ne>ly half a league 9 ext5t1 conta9s a con/ant succession ( sph9xes & o!r *im]ical figures to ! "r & left1 toge!r ) fragm5ts ( /one walls1 ( small columns1 & ( /atues40 ,! village ( ,luxor1 ,d5on describes 8z also built on ! side ( ! ru9s ( a temple1 n s l>ge z t ( ,k>nak1 b 9 a bett] /ate ( pres]vation1 ! masses n hav+ z yet fall5 ?r\gh "t1 & by ! pressure ( _! own weight4 ,! mo/ colossal p>ts consi/ ( f\rte5 columns ( ne>ly elev5 feet 9 diamet]1 & ( two /atues 9 granite1 at ! out] gate1 buri$ up to ! middle ( ! arms1 & hav+ 9 front ( !m ! two l>ge/ & be/ pres]v$ obelisks kn[n4 ,! ,fr5*1 :5 9 ,egypt1 deem$ _! means insuffici5t1 n to hew out1 b m]ely to transport ^! two monum5ts1 :i* are n m ?an a fragm5t ( "o ( ! num]\s edifices ( ! a/oni%+ city ( ,!bes4 ,!y are ( rose-color granite1 are /ill sev5ty feet above ! gr\nd1 & to judge by ! dep? to :i* !y are suppos$ to be cov]$ ) s&1 are believ$ to be at lea/ "o hundr$ feet 9 hight4 ,_! pres]vation is p]fect1 & ! hi]oglyphics ) :i* !y are cov]$ be+ cut deep1 & 9 relief at ! bottom1 %[ ! bold h& ( a ma/]1 & a beautiful f9i%4 ,! *isels :i* c\ld cut su* h>d mat]ials mu/ h be5 ( an admirable temp]2 & ! ma*9es to drag su* enorm\s blocks f ! qu>ries1 to transport !m ?i!r1 & to set !m upright1 toge!r ) ! "t requir$ = ! labor1 surpass all conception60 ,9 speak+ ( ! gate ( ! temple1 :i* is n[ t ( ! village ( ,luxor1 ,d5on rem>ks z foll[s4 8,no?+ c be m gr&1 & at ! same "t m simple1 ?an ! small numb] ( objects ( :i* ?is entrance is compos$4 ,no city :atev] makes s pr\d a display at its approa* z ?is wret*$ village1 ! population ( :i* consi/s ( two or ?ree ?\s& s\ls1 :o h tak5 up _! abode on ! ro(s & b5ea? ! gall]ies ( ?is temple1 :i* has1 nev]!less1 ! air ( be+ 9 a mann] un9habit$40 ,! tombs ( ! k+s ( ,!bes are grottos consi/+ ( a regul> d\ble gall]y support$ by pill>s1 beh9d :i* is a r[ ( *amb]s1 (t5 d\ble4 ,9 proportion z ! hight ( ^! grottos increases1 !y become m ri*ly decorat$2 & ! spectator is soon conv9c$1 by ! magnific5ce bo? ( ! pa9t+s & sculptures1 & ( ! subjects !y repres5t1 t he is among ! tombs ( great m5 or h]oes4 ,^? :i* appe> to h belong$ to ! anci5t k+s1 are only di/+ui%$ f ! o!rs by ! magnific5ce ( ! s>cophagi1 & ! my/]i\s solitude ( _! situation2 ! o!rs imm$iately ov]look+ ! great build+s 9 ! city4 ,! sculpture 9 all is incomp>ably m labor$ & m highly f9i%$ ?an t ( ! temples1 & displays a high p]fection ( ! art4 ,! l9es ( ! hi]oglyphics h be5 cut ) a firmness ( t\*1 & a precision1 ( :i* m>bles (f] b few examples2 & ! figures h a p>ticul> elegance & correctness ( cont\r4 ,small subjects tak5 f nature are introduc$2 & 9 ^! ! gr\ps ( p]sons are giv5 9 p]spective2 & cut 9 deep relief1 9 simple & natural attitudes4 ,sev]al ( ^! subjects be> b little analogy to ! spot 9 :i* !y are immur$2 = bass-reliefs are se5 repres5t+ games1 su* z rope-danc+1 & asses taught to play tricks & re> on _! h9d legs1 sculptur$ ) all ! traits ( g5u9e nature & simplicity4 ,! plan ( ^! excavations is s+ul>2 & _m are s va/ & complicat$1 t !y might be mi/ak5 = labyr9?s1 or subt]rane\s temples4 ,aft] pass+ ! elegant ap>tm5ts describ$ above1 long & gloomy gall]ies pres5t !mselves1 w9d+ backw>d & =w>d 9 num]\s angles1 & seem+ to occupy a great ext5t ( gr\nd4 ,!y are melan*oly1 repulsive1 & )\t any decoration2 b op5 f "t to "t into o!r *amb]s cov]$ ) hi]oglyphics1 & bran* out into n>r[ pa?s1 lead+ to deep p]p5dicul> pits4 ,at ! bottom ( ^! pits are o!r adorn$ *amb]s2 & l[] /ill a new s]ies ( p]p5dicul> pits & horizontal *amb]s1 until at l5g?1 asc5d+ a long flight ( /eps1 ! visitor rea*es an op5 place on a level ) ! *amb]s he fir/ ent]$4 ,?us f> we h foll[$ ! brief outl9e giv5 by ,d5on1 & ! e>li] travel]s4 ,b our ideas ( ^! wond]ful ru9s w become mu* m enl>g$1 z well z accurate1 by p]us+ ! descriptions ( m rec5t t\ri/s & explor]s2 su* = example z ,taylor & ,?ompson4 ,! =m]1 be=e beg9n+ ! recital ( 8 visit1 gives an outl9e ( ! topography ( ,!bes4 8,! c\rse ( ! ,nile10 he says1 8is "h ne>ly nor?1 divid+ ! site ( ! anci5t city into two almo/ equal p>ts4 ,on approa*+ x f ,k5neh1 ! m\nta9 ( ,goorneh :i* abuts on ! riv]1 m>ks ! comm5cem5t ( ! we/]n division4 ,?is m\nta91 a range ( nak$ lime/one crags1 t]m9at+ 9 a pyramidal peak1 gradually rec$es to ! di/ance ( ?ree miles f ! ,nile1 :i* x aga9 approa*es fur!r s\?4 ,ne>ly ! :ole ( ! curve1 :i* might be call$ ! we/]n wall ( ! city1 is pi]c$ ) tombs1 among :i* are ^? ( ! que5s1 & ! gr& prie/ly vaults ( ! ,assasseef4 ,! valley ( ! k+s' tombs lies deep 9 ! he>t ( ! range1 sev5 or eight miles f ! riv]4 ,aft] pass+ ! corn] ( ! m\nta91 ! fir/ ru9 on ! we/]n bank is t ( ! temple-palace ( ,goorneh4 ,m ?an a mile fur!r1 at ! base ( ! m\nta91 is ! ,memnonium1 or temple ( ,remeses ! ,great1 betwe5 :i* & ! ,nile ! two ,memnonian colossi are seat$ on ! pla94 ,ne>ly two miles to ! s\? ( ?is is ! great temple ( ,m$e5et ,ab\1 & ! fragm5ts ( o!r edifices are met )1 /ill fur!r beyond4 ,on ! ea/]n bank1 ne>ly opposite ,goorneh1 /&s ! temple ( ,k>nak1 ab\t half a mile f ! riv]4 ,eight miles ea/w>d1 at ! foot ( ! ,arabian m\nta9s1 is ! small temple ( ,m$amot1 :i*1 h[ev]1 does n appe> to h be5 includ$ 9 ! limits ( ,!bes4 ,luxor is directly on ! bank ( ! ,nile1 a mile & a half s\? ( ,k>nak1 & ! pla9 ext5ds sev]al miles beyond x1 be=e rea*+ ! isolat$ range1 ^: ?ree conical peaks are ! l&m>ks ( ,!bes to voyag]s on ! riv]4 ,^! di/ances convey an idea ( ! ext5t ( ! anci5t city1 b fail to repres5t ! gr& proportions ( ! l&scape1 s well fitt$1 9 its simple & maje/ic outl9es1 to inclose ! mo/ wond]ful /ructures ! _w has ev] se54 ,! gre5 expanse ( ! pla92 ! airy color+ ( ! m\nta9s2 ! mild1 solemn blue ( ! cl\dless ,egyptian sky3 ^! are a "p ( ,!bes1 & insep>able f ! remembrance ( its ru9s4 8,at sunrise we cross$ to ! we/]n bank & moor$ our boat opposite ,goorneh4 ,x is advisable to comm5ce ) ! tombs1 & close ! inspection ( t side ) ,m$e5et ,ab\1 res]v+ ,k>nak1 ! gr&e/ ( all = ! la/4 ,! mo/ unimportant objects 9 ,!bes are full ( int]e/ :5 se5 fir/1 :]eas ,k>nak1 once se51 fills "o's ?\ghts to ! exclusion ( ev]y?+ else4 ,!re are ,arab guides = ea* bank1 :o are q famili> ) all ! pr9cipal po9ts1 & :o h a quiet & unobtrusive way ( direct+ ! travel]2 & ) "o ( !m1 we set (f on a /irr+ gallop = ! temple ( ,goorneh & ! valley ( ! k+s' tombs1 leav+ ,a*met to foll[ ) our breakfa/1 & ! ,arab boys ) _! wat] bottles4 ,! temple ( ,goorneh 0 built = ! wor%ip ( ,amun1 ! ,!ban ,jupit]1 by ,osirei & 8 son1 ,remeses ! ,great1 ! suppos$ ,seso/ris1 ne>ly f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,x is small1 comp>$ ) ! o!r ru9s1 b int]e/+ f its rude & massive /yle1 a remnant ( ! e>ly p]iod ( ,egyptian ar*itecture4 ,! two pylons 9 front ( x are %att]$ d[n1 & ! dromos ( sph9xes has entirely disappe>$4 ,! portico is support$ by a s+le r[ ( t5 columns1 :i* nei!r resemble ea* o!r1 nor are sep>at$ by equal spaces4 ,:at is mo/ s+ul>1 is ! fact t not)/&+ ?is disproportion1 :i* is also obs]vable 9 ! doorways1 ! g5]al effect is h>moni\s4 ,we tri$ to fa?om ! secret ( ?is1 & f\nd no o!r explanation ?an 9 ! l[ness ( ! build+1 & ! r\gh granite blocks ( :i* x is built4 ,"o seeks no proportion 9 a natural temple ( rock1 or a cirque ( ,druid /ones4 ,all t ! eye requires is rude /r5g?1 ) a c]ta9 approa* to ord]4 ,! effect produc$ by ?is temple is ( a simil> "*1 b>r+ its hi/orical int]e/4 ,its dim5sions are too small to be impos+1 & ,i f\nd1 aft] pass+ x sev]al times1 t ,i valu$ x m z a feature 9 ! l&scape1 ?an = its own sake4 8,! s& & pebbles clatt]$ "u ! ho(s ( our horses1 z we gallop$ up ! gorge ( ,biban el ,molook1 ! #8gates ( ! k+s4' ,! sides are p]p5dicul> cliffs ( yell[ rock1 :i* increas$ 9 hight1 ! fur!r we advanc$1 & at la/ t]m9at$ 9 a sort ( bas91 %ut 9 by precipices sev]al hundr$ feet 9 hight & brok5 into fanta/ic turrets1 gables & p9nacles4 ,! bottom is fill$ ) huge heaps ( s& & brok5 /ones1 left f ! excavation ( ! tombs 9 ! solid rock4 ,!re are tw5ty-"o tombs 9 ?is valley1 m ?an half ( :i* are ( great ext5t & ri*ly adorn$ ) pa9t+s & sculptures4 ,"s h be5 fill$ ) s& or o!rwise injur$ by ! occasional ra9s :i* visit ?is region1 :ile a few are too small & pla9 to ne$ visit+4 ,sir ,g>dn] ,wilk9son has numb]$ !m all 9 r$ *alk at ! entrances1 :i* is v conv5i5t to ^? :o use 8 "w on ,egypt z a guide4 ,i visit$ t5 ( ! pr9cipal tombs1 to ! great delight ( ! old guide1 :o compla9$ t travel]s are frequ5tly satisfi$ ) f\r or five4 ,! g5]al arrangem5t is ! same 9 all1 b !y diff] greatly 9 ext5t & 9 ! "* ( _! decoration4 8,! fir/ we ent]$ 0 ! celebrat$ tomb ( ,remeses ,i41 discov]$ by ,belzoni4 ,f ! n>r[ entrance1 a precipit\s /aircase1 ! walls ( :i* are cov]$ ) columns ( hi]oglyphics1 desc5ds to a dep? ( =ty feet1 :]e x /rikes a horizontal passage lead+ to an oblong *amb]1 9 :i* 0 =m]ly a deep pit1 :i* ,belzoni fill$4 ,?is pit protect$ ! entrance to ! royal *amb]1 :i* 0 also c>efully wall$ up4 ,9 ! grace & fre$om ( ! draw+s1 & ! ri*ness ( _! color+1 ?is tomb surpasses all o!rs4 ,! subjects repres5t$ are ! victories ( ! mon>*1 :ile 9 ! sepul*ral *amb] he is receiv$ into ! pres5ce ( ! gods4 ,! lime/one rock is cov]$ ) a f9e coat+ ( pla/]1 on :i* ! figures 7 fir/ drawn ) r$ *alk1 & aft]w>d c>efully f9i%$ 9 colors4 ,! r$s1 yell[s1 gre5s & blues are v brilliant1 b seem to h be5 employ$ at r&om1 ! gods hav+ faces sometimes ( "o color1 sometimes ( ano!r4 ,9 ! fur!/ *amb]1 :i* 0 left unf9i%$1 ! subjects are only sket*$ 9 r$ *alk4 ,"s ( !m h ! loose & unc]ta9 l9es ( a pupil's h&1 ov] :i* "o sees ! bold & rapid corrections ( ! ma/]4 ,_m ( ! figures are rem>kable = _! /r5g? & fre$om ( outl9e4 ,i 0 greatly int]e/$ 9 a procession ( m51 repres5t+ ! diff]5t nations ( ! e>?4 ,! physical peculi>ities ( ! ,p]sian1 ! ,jew & ! ,e?iopian are !re9 z di/9ctly m>k$ z at ! pres5t day4 ,! blacks are p]fect c\nt]p>ts ( ^? ,i saw daily ^u ! ,nile1 & ! noses ( ! ,jews seem newly pa9t$ f orig9als 9 ,new ,york4 ,! burial-vault1 :]e ,belzoni f\nd ! alaba/] s>cophagus ( ! mon>*1 is a noble hall1 ?irty feet long by ne>ly tw5ty 9 bread? & hight1 ) f\r massive pill>s =m+ a corridor on "o side4 ,9 addition to ! light ( our tor*es1 ! ,arabs k9dl$ a l>ge bonfire 9 ! c5t]1 :i* br\ght out 9 /rong relief ! sepul*ral figures on ! ceil+1 pa9t$ 9 :ite on a gr\nd ( d>k indigo hue4 ,! pill>s & walls ( ! vault gl[$ ) ! vivid v>iety ( _! colors1 & ! g5]al effect 0 unspeakably ri* & gorge\s4 ,?is tomb has already fall5 a prey to worse plund]]s ?an ! ,m$es & ,p]sians4 ,belzoni c>ri$ (f ! s>cophagus1 ,*ampollion cut away ! spl5did jambs & ar*itrave ( ! entrance to ! l[] *amb]s1 & ,lepsius has f9i%$ by splitt+ ! pill>s & appropriat+ _! beautiful pa9t+s = ! museum at ,b]l94 ,at "o spot1 :]e ! latt] has totally ru9$ a f9e doorway1 "s indignant ,fr5*man has writt5 9 r$ *alk1 #8,meurtre commis p> ,lepsius4' ,9 all ! tombs ( ,!bes1 :]ev] y see ! mo/ flagrant & %ameless spoliations1 ! guide says1 #8,lepsius4' ,:o c blame ! ,arabs = wantonly defac+ ^! preci\s monum5ts1 :5 su* an example is set !m by ! vanity ( ,european antiqu>ians8 8,bruce's tomb1 :i* ext5ds = f\r hundr$ & tw5ty feet into ! rock1 is l>g] ?an ,belzoni's1 b n s fre% & brilliant4 ,! ma9 entrance slopes ) a v gradual desc5t1 & has on ea* side a numb] ( small *amb]s & ni*es1 app>5tly = mummies4 ,! illu/rations 9 ^! *amb]s are some:at defac$1 b v curi\s1 on acc\nt ( ! light :i* !y ?r[ ^u ! dome/ic life ( ! anci5t ,egyptians4 ,!y repres5t ! slaught]+ ( ox51 ! prep>ation ( f[ls = ! table1 ! knead+ & bak+ ( bread & cakes1 z well z ! implem5ts & ut5sils ( ! kit*54 ,9 o!r places ! field labor]s are employ$ 9 lead+ ! wat] ( ! ,nile into canals1 cutt+ d\rra1 ?re%+ & c>ry+ ! gra9 into magaz9es4 ,"o room is fill$ ) furniture1 & ! r[ ( *airs ar\nd ! base ( ! walls w\ld n be out ( place 9 ! mo/ elegant mod]n draw+-room4 ,! illu/rat$ catalogue ( ! ,london exhibition conta9s few ri*] & m graceful patt]ns4 ,9 a *amb] ne>] ! royal vault1 two old1 bl9d m9/rels are se51 play+ ! h>p 9 ! pres5ce ( ! k+1 :5ce ?is is sometimes call$ ! h>p]'s tomb4 ,! pill>s ( ! gr& hall1 l ^? ( all ! o!r tombs we visit$1 repres5t ! mon>*1 aft] dea?1 receiv$ into ! pres5ce ( ! gods1 /ately figures1 ) a calm & s]i\s aspect1 & lips1 :i*1 l ^? ( ! ,sph9x1 seem$ clos$ ^u "s awful my/]y4 ,! absurdity ( ! color+ does n de/roy ?is effect1 & a blue-fac$ ,isis1 ^: h>d1 black eyeball />es f a brilliant :ite socket1 is n less impressive ?an ! same figure1 cut 9 s&/one or granite4 ,! delicacy & precision ( ! hi]oglyphics1 sculptur$ 9 intaglio1 fill$ me ) a/oni%m5t4 ,9 ! tomb ( ,amunoph ,,iii41 :i* ,i visit$ ! next day1 !y resembl$ ! ciph]s engrav$ ^u seals 9 _! exquisite %>pness & regul>ity4 ,only ! pr9cipal tombs1 h[ev]1 are ?us beautifi$4 ,9 o!rs ! figures are ei!r simply pa9t$1 or app>5tly sunk5 9 ! pla/]1 :ile x 0 yet fre%1 by prep>$ patt]ns4 ,! latt] me?od acc\nts = ! exact resemblance ( long processions ( figures1 :i* w\ld o!rwise require a mo/ m>vel\s skill on ! "p ( ! arti/4 ,9 "s unf9i%$ *amb]s ,i detect$ pla9ly ! traces ( ^! patt]ns1 :]e ! outl9es ( ! figures 7 blunt1 & ! gra9 ( ! pla/] b5t1 & n cut4 ,! family lik5ess 9 ! faces ( ! mon>*s is also too /rik+1 un=tunately1 = u to accept !m all z fai?ful portraits4 ,!y are all app>5tly ( ! same age1 & _! attributes d n mat]ially diff]4 ,?is 0 probably a flatt]y on ! "p ( ! arti/s1 or ! effect ( a royal vanity1 :i* requir$ to be portray$ 9 ! fre%ness ( y\? & ! full vigor ( body & m9d4 ,! fir/ faces ,i le>n$ to recognize 7 ^? ( ,remeses ,,ii41 ! suppos$ ,seso/ris1 & ,amunoph ,,iii4 8,! tomb ( ,memnon1 z x 0 call$ by ! ,romans1 is ! mo/ elegant ( all1 9 its proportions1 & is z symmetrical z a ,grecian temple4 ,on ! walls ( ! entrance are sev]al inscriptions ( ,greek t\ri/s1 :o visit$ x 9 ! era ( ! ,ptolemies1 & sp5t _! "t 9 c>v+ _! names1 l ,am]icans n[adays4 ,! huge granite s>cophagus 9 :i* ! mon>*'s mummy 0 deposit$1 is brok51 z are ^? ( ! o!r tombs1 ) a s+le exception4 ,?is is ! tomb ( ,osirei ,i41 ! gr&fa!r ( ,seso/ris1 & ! olde/ 9 ! valley4 ,i visit$ x by crawl+ ?r\gh a hole b>ely l>ge en\gh to admit my body1 aft] :i* ,i slid on my back d[n a passage ne>ly *ok$ ) s&1 to ano!r hole1 op5+ into ! burial *amb]4 ,"h no impi\s h& _h defac$ ! walls1 b ! figures 7 z p]fect & ! color+ z brilliant z :5 fir/ execut$4 ,9 ! c5t] /ood an imm5se s>cophagus1 ( a s+le block ( r$ granite1 & ! massive lid1 :i* _h be5 ?r[n (f1 lay beside x4 ,! du/ 9 ! bottom gave out t peculi> mummy odor p]ceptible 9 all ! tombs1 & 9 fact long aft] "o has left !m1 = ! clo!s become saturat$ ) x4 ,! guide1 delight$ ) hav+ dragg$ me into t *amb]1 buri$ deep 9 ! dumb he>t ( ! m\nta91 said n a ^w1 & f ! awful /illness ( ! place & ! phantasmagoric gleam ( ! wond]ful figures on ! walls1 ,i c\ld h imag9$ myself a neophyte1 on ! ?re%old ( ! ,osirian my/]ies4 ,we !n rode to ! we/]n valley1 a /ill deep] & wid] gl51 conta9+ tombs ( ! k+s ( ! =eign dyna/y ( ,at9-,re4 ,we ent]$ ! two pr9cipal ones1 b f\nd ! pa9t+s rude & insignificant4 ,!re are _m lat]al passages & *amb]s1 & 9 "s places deep pits1 along ! edge ( :i* we 7 oblig$ to crawl4 ,9 ! la/ tomb a v long & /eep /aircase desc5ds into ! rock4 ,z we 7 grop+ aft] ! guide1 ,i call$ to my fri5d to take c>e1 z !re 0 b a s+le /ep1 aft] mak+ a slip4 ,! words 7 sc>cely out ( my m\? be=e ,i felt a trem5d\s ?ump1 foll[$ by a numb] ( small] ones1 & f\nd myself sitt+ 9 a heap ( s&1 at ! bottom1 "s tw5ty or ?irty feet bel[4 ,=tunately1 ,i came (f ) b a few slight bruises4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,two ,,colossi4 8,return+ to ! temple ( ,goorneh1 we took a pa? ov] ! pla91 ?r\gh fields ( :eat1 lup9es & l5tils1 to ! two colossi1 :i* we _h already se5 f a di/ance4 ,^! imm5se sitt+ figures1 fifty-?ree feet above ! pla91 :i* has buri$ _! p$e/als1 ov]look ! site ( vani%$ ,!bes & ass]t ! gr&eur ( :i* !y & ,k>nak are ! mo/ /rik+ rema9s4 ,!y 7 erect$ by ,amunoph ,,iii41 & ?\gh ! faces are totally disfigur$1 ! full1 r\nd1 beautiful proportions ( ! colossal arms1 %\ld]s & ?ighs d n belie ! m>vel\s sweetness ( ! features :i* we /ill see 9 8 tomb4 ,except ! head ( ,ant9\s1 ,i "k ( no anci5t portrait s beautiful z ,amunoph4 ,! long & luxuriant hair1 fl[+ 9 a hundr$ r+lets1 ! s(t grace ( ! =ehead1 ! mild s]5ity ( ! eye1 ! f9e ?9 l9es ( ! no/rils1 & ! fem99e t5d]ness ( ! full lips1 triumph ov] ! cramp$ rigidity ( ,egyptian sculpture1 & *>m y ) ! lightness & h>mony ( ,greek art4 ,9 look+ on t head1 ,i c n help ?9k+ t ! subject ov]p[]$ ! arti/1 & l$ him to ! ?re%old ( a tru] art4 ,amunoph1 or ,memnon1 0 a poet 9 s\l1 & x 0 meet t 8 /atue %\ld salute ! ris+ sun ) a s\nd l t ( a h>p-/r+4 ,mod]n rese>* has :olly annihilat$ ?is beautiful fable4 ,memnon n[ s\nds at all h\rs ( ! day1 & at ! comm& ( all travel]s :o w pay an ,arab five pia/]s to climb up into 8 lap4 ,we engag$ "o1 :o ?rew (f 8 g>m5ts1 hook$ 8 f+]s & toes into ! cracks ( ! poli%$ granite1 & soon hail$ u ) #8salaam' f ! knee ( ! /atue4 ,!re is a c]ta9 /one on ,memnon's lap1 :i*1 :5 %>ply /ruck1 gives out a cle>1 metallic r+4 ,beh9d x is a small squ>e ap]ture1 invisible f bel[1 :]e "o ( ! prie/s no d\bt /ation$ himself to p]=m ! daily miracle4 ,our ,arab rapp$ on ! arms & body ( ! /atue1 :i* _h ! usual dead s\nd ( /one1 & r5d]$ ! musical r+ ( ! sun-smitt5 block ! m /rik+40 ,& ,?ompson tells u1 t :ile he & 8 associates sat be=e x on _! donkeys1 !y saw 8a boy ( fifte51 ) a solit>y rag r\nd 8 wai/1 scrambl+ up ! side ( ! /atue1 & pres5tly he 0 completely hidd5 9 its lap1 j :]e ! sly prie/ us$ to hide himself ov] night4 ,!n /rik+ ) a hamm] ! holl[1 sonor\s /one1 x emitt$ a %>p1 cle> s\nd1 l ! /rik+ ( brass10 ?\gh x 0 8n sunrise1 b ! middle ( a scor*+ aft]noon40 8,an av5ue ( sph9xes10 cont9ues ,taylor1 8once l$ f ^! colossi to a gr& temple1 ! f\ndations ( :i* we f\nd ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile di/ant4 ,on ! way are ! fragm5ts ( two o!r colossi1 "o ( black granite4 ,! enorm\s sub/ructions ( ! temple & ! p$e/als ( its columns1 h be5 suffici5tly excavat$ to %[ :at a sup]b edifice has be5 lo/ to ! _w4 ,a cr[d ( tr\blesome ,arabs1 ?ru/+ ^u our att5tion newly bak$ c9]>y urns1 newly roa/$ antique :eat1 & images ( all k9ds fre% f ! mak]'s h&1 di/urb$ our quiet exam9ation ( ! ru9s1 & 9 ord] to escape _! importunities1 we rode to ! ,memnonium4 ,?is edifice1 ! temple-palace ( ,remeses ! ,great1 is suppos$ to be ! ,memnonium1 describ$ by ,/rabo4 ,x is built on a g5tle rise ( l& at ! foot ( ! m\nta91 & looks ea/w>d to ! ,nile & ,luxor4 ,! gr& /one pylon :i* /&s at ! entrance ( its =m] av5ue ( sph9xes1 has be5 half level$ by ! fury ( ! ,p]sian conqu]ors2 & ! colossal granite /atue ( ,remeses1 9 ! fir/ c\rt ( ! temple1 n[ lies 9 enorm\s fragm5ts ar\nd its p$e/al4 ,m]e dim5sions give no idea ( ?is imm5se mass1 ! weight ( :i*1 :5 entire1 0 ne>ly n9e hundr$ tuns4 ,h[ poor & trifl+ appe> ! mod]n /atues :i* we call colossal1 :5 measur$ ) ?is1 "o ( ^: toes is a y>d 9 l5g?2 & h[ futile ! appliances ( mod]n art1 :5 direct$ to its transportation = a di/ance ( "o hundr$ & fifty miles6 ,! ar*itrave at ea* end ( ! c\rt 0 upheld by f\r c>yatides1 ?irty feet 9 hight4 ,?\gh mu* defac$1 !y are /ill /&+1 b are dw>f$ by ! mighty limbs ( ,remeses4 ,x is difficult to acc\nt = ! means by :i* ! colossus 0 brok54 ,!re are no m>ks ( any in/rum5ts :i* c\ld h =c$ su* a mass asund]1 & ! only plausible conjecture ,i h he>d is1 t ! /one mu/ h be5 subject$ to an int5se heat & aft]w>d to ! action ( wat]4 ,! /atue1 9 its sitt+ position1 mu/ h be5 ne>ly sixty feet 9 hight1 & is ! l>ge/ 9 ! _w1 ?\gh n s high z ! rock-hewn monoli?s ( ,aboo-,simbel4 ,! ,turks & ,arabs h cut sev]al mill-/ones out ( its head1 )\t any app>5t dim9ution ( its size4 ,! ,memnonium diff]s f ! o!r temples ( ,egypt 9 be+ almo/ faultless 9 its symmetry1 ev5 :5 measur$ by ! /ricte/ rules ( art4 ,i "k ( no?+ s exquisite z ! c5tral colonnade ( its gr& hall--a d\ble r[ ( pill>s1 =ty-five feet 9 hight & tw5ty-?ree 9 circumf]5ce1 cr[n$ ) capitals resembl+ ! bell-%ap$ blossoms ( ! lotus4 ,"o mu/ see !m to compreh5d h[ ?is simple =m1 ^: expression is all sweetness & t5d]ness 9 ! fl[]1 s(t5s & beautifies ! solid maje/y ( ! %aft4 ,9 spite ( _! colossal proportions1 !re is no?+ massive or heavy 9 _! aspect4 ,! cup ( ! capital curves g5tly outw>d f ! abacus on :i* ! ar*itrave re/s1 & seems ! natural blossom ( ! column> /em4 ,on ei!r side ( ?is p]fect colonnade are f\r r[s ( ,osiride pill>s1 ( small] size1 yet ! v>iety ( _! =m & proportions only enhances ! h>mony ( ! :ole4 ,?is is "o ( ^? enigmas 9 ar*itecture :i* puzzle "o on 8 fir/ acqua9tance ) ,egyptian temples1 & :i* he is (t5 =c$ bl9dly to accept z new laws ( art1 because 8 feel+ tells him !y are true1 & 8 reason c n satisfactorily demon/rate t !y are false4 8,we wait$ till ! yell[ rays ( sunset fell on ! capitals ( ! ,memnonium1 & !y seem$1 l ! lotus fl[]s1 to exhale a vapory light1 be=e we rode home4 ,all night we w&]$ 9 dreams ?r\gh k+ly vaults1 ) />ry ceil+s & illum9at$ walls2 b on look+ out ( our w9d[s at dawn1 we saw ! r$ saddle-clo?s ( our horses aga9/ ! d>k backgr\nd ( ! palm grove1 z !y came d[n to ! boat4 ,no second nap 0 possible1 aft] su* a sight1 & _m m9utes _h n elaps$ be=e we 7 ta/+ ! cool morn+ air 9 ! delight ( a race up & d[n ! %ore4 ,our old guide1 h[ev]1 0 on 8 donkey betimes1 & call$ u (f to our duty4 ,we pass$ ,goorneh1 & asc5d$ ! ea/]n face ( ! m\nta9 to ! tombs ( ! prie/s & private citiz5s ( ,!bes4 ,= miles along ! m\nta9 side1 "o sees no?+ b heaps ( s& & rubbi%1 ) "h & !re an ,arab hut1 built aga9/ ! face ( a tomb1 ^: *amb]s s]ve z pigeon-h\ses & /alls = asses4 ,! e>? is fill$ ) fragm5ts ( mummies1 & ! b&ages 9 :i* !y 7 wrapp$2 = ev5 ! sanctity ( dea? itself1 is "h nei!r respect$ by ! ,arabs nor ! ,europeans :om !y imitate4 ,! fir/ tomb we ent]$ almo/ cur$ u ( ! desire to visit ano!r4 ,x 0 t call$ ! ,assasseef1 built by a weal?y prie/1 & x is ! l>ge/ 9 ,!bes4 ,its out] c\rt measures "o hundr$ & ?ree by sev5ty-six feet1 & its passages ext5d betwe5 eight & n9e hundr$ feet into ! m\nta94 ,we grop$ our way betwe5 walls z black z ink1 ?r\gh long1 labyr9?9e suites ( *amb]s1 brea?+ a dea?like & oppressive odor4 ,! /airways seem$ to lead into ! b[els ( ! e>?1 & on ei!r h& yawn$ pits ( unc]ta9 dep?4 ,z we advanc$1 ! gho/ly vaults rumbl$ ) a s\nd l ?und]1 & hundr$s ( noisome bats1 sc>$ by ! light1 da%$ aga9/ ! walls & dropp$ at our feet4 ,we endur$ ?is = a little :ile1 b on rea*+ ! entrance to "s d>k] & deep] my/]y1 7 s surr\nd$ by ! animals1 :o /ruck _! fil?y w+s aga9/ our faces1 t n = t5 k+s' tombs w\ld we h gone a /ep fur!r4 ,my fri5d 0 on ! po9t ( v[+ nev] to set 8 foot 9 ano!r tomb1 b ,i p]suad$ him to wait until we _h se5 t ( ,amunoph4 ,i foll[$ ! guide1 :o entic$ me by flatt]+ promises into a great _m snakelike holes1 & :5 he 0 tir$ ) crawl+ 9 ! du/1 s5t "o ( our wat]-c>ri]s 9 advance1 :o dragg$ me 9 & out by ! heels4 8,! temple ( ,m$e5et ,ab\ is almo/ conceal$ by ! ru9s ( a ,coptic village1 among :i* x /&s1 & by :i* x is p>tially buri$4 ,! out] c\rt1 pylon1 & ma9 hall ( ! small] temple1 rise above ! m\nds & ov]look ! pla9 ( ,!bes1 b sc>cely satisfy ! expectation ( ! travel]1 z he approa*es4 ,y fir/ ent] an inclosure surr\nd$ by a l[ /one wall1 & /&+ 9 advance ( ! pylon4 ,! re> wall1 fac+ ! entrance1 conta9s two s+le pill>s1 ) bell-%ap$ capitals1 :i* rise above x & /& l gu>ds be=e ! doorway ( ! pylon4 ,"h 0 ano!r enigma = u4 ,:o among mod]n ar*itects w\ld d>e to plant two s+le pill>s be=e a pyramidal gateway ( solid masonry1 & !n inclose !m 9 a pla9 wall1 ris+ to half _! hight8 ,yet "h ! symmetry ( ! %afts is n injur$ by ! wall 9 :i* !y /&1 nor oppress$ by ! pond]\s bulk ( ! pylon4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! light columns & spread+ capitals1 l a tuft ( wild roses hang+ f ! crevice ( a rock1 bright5 ! rude /r5g? ( ! masses ( /one ) a gleam ( s+ul> lovel9ess4 ,:at w\ld o!rwise only impress y by its size1 n[ ende>s itself to y by its beauty4 ,is ?is ! effect ( *ance1 or ! result ( a f9] art ?an t :i* fl\ri%es 9 our day8 ,i w n pret5d to det]m9e1 b ,i mu/ confess t ,egypt1 9 ^: ru9s ,i _h expect$ to f9d only a sort ( b>b>ic gr&eur1 has giv5 me a new insight into t vital beauty :i* is ! s\l ( true art4 ,we devot$ little "t to ! ru9$ c\rt & sanctu>ies :i* foll[ ! pylon1 & to ! lodges ( ! ma9 temple1 /&+ beside !m l wat*-t[]s1 ?ree /ories 9 hight4 ,! maje/ic pylon ( ! great temple ( ,remeses ,,iii4 rose beh9d !m1 out ( heaps ( pott]y & unburnt bricks1 & ! colossal figure ( ! mon>* 9 8 c>1 borne by two horses into ! mid/ ( ! r\t$ enemy1 attract$ u f a di/ance4 ,we foll[$ ! ext]ior wall ( ! temple1 = its :ole l5g? ( m ?an six hundr$ feet1 read+ ! sculptur$ hi/ory ( 8 conque/s4 ,! entire out] wall ( ! temple pres5ts a s]ies ( gigantic c>toons1 cut 9 ! blocks ( s&/one1 ( :i* x is built4 ,remeses is always ! c5tral figure1 di/+ui%$ f subjects & foes1 no less by 8 sup]ior /ature1 ?an by ! royal emblems :i* accompany him4 ,"h we see h]alds s\nd+ ! trumpet 9 advance ( 8 c>1 :ile 8 troops pass 9 review be=e him2 !re1 ) a lion walk+ by 8 side1 he sets out on 8 "w ( conque/4 ,8 soldi]s /orm a t[n1 & we see !m climb+ ! wall ) ladd]s1 :ile a desp]ate h&-to-h& conflict is go+ on bel[4 ,9 ano!r place1 he has alight$ f 8 *>iot & /&s ) 8 foot on ! neck ( a slaught]$ k+4 ,aga91 8 vessels attack a ho/ile navy on ! sea4 ,"o ( ! =eign craft becomes entangl$ & is capsiz$1 yet :ile 8 spe>m5 hurl _! weapons among ! dismay$ enemy1 ! sailors rescue ^? :o are /ruggl+ 9 ! flood4 ,aft] we h pass$ ?r\gh ^! /range & /irr+ pictures1 we f9d ! mon>* repos+ on 8 ?rone1 :ile 8 soldi]s deposit be=e him ! h&s ( ! slaught]$1 & 8 scribes pres5t to him li/s ( _! numb]s1 & 8 g5]als lead to him long processions ( fett]$ captives4 ,aga91 he is repres5t$ z (f]+ a gr\p ( subject k+s to ,amun1 ! ,!ban ,jupit]1 :o says to him3 #8,g1 my *]i%$ & *os51 make w> on =eign nations1 besiege _! =ts & c>ry (f _! p to live z captives4' ,on ! front wall1 he holds 9 8 grasp ! h&s ( a doz5 mon>*s1 :ile ) ! o!r h& he raises 8 sword to de/roy !m4 ,_! faces express ! v extreme ( grief & mis]y1 b he is cold & calm z fate itself4 ,we slid d[n ! piles ( s& & ent]$ by a side-door into ! gr& hall ( ! temple4 ,"h1 z at ,d5d]a1 a surprise await$ u4 ,we /ood on ! pavem5t ( a magnific5t c\rt1 ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irty feet squ>e1 ar\nd :i* ran a colonnade ( pill>s1 eight feet squ>e & =ty feet high4 ,on ! we/]n side is an inn] r[ ( circul> columns1 tw5ty-f\r feet 9 circumf]5ce1 ) capitals repres5t+ ! papyrus blossom4 ,! entire c\rt1 ) its walls1 pill>s & doorways1 is cov]$ ) spl5did sculptures & traces ( pa9t1 & ! ceil+ is blue z ! noonday sky1 & /udd$ ) />s4 ,aga9/ ea* ( ! squ>e columns fac+ ! c\rt once /ood a colossal c>yatid1 uphold+ ! ar*itrave ( ano!r colonnade ( granite %afts1 ne>ly all ( :i* h be5 ?r[n f _! bases & lie %iv]$ on ! pavem5t4 ,?is c\rt op5s t[>d ! pylon into ano!r ( simil> dim5sions1 b buri$ almo/ to ! capitals ( its columns 9 heaps ( rubbi%4 ,! "* ( ! temple is totally diff]5t f t ( e o!r 9 ,egypt4 ,its hight is small 9 proportion to its great ext5t1 & x !re=e loses ! airy lightness ( ! ,memnonium & ! impressive gr&eur ( ,d5d]a4 ,its expression is t ( a massive magnific5ce1 if ,i may use su* a d\btful comp\nd3 no s+le epi!t suffices to describe x40 ,! visit to ?is temple end$ our travel]'s survey ( ! we/]n division ( ,!bes1 8two long days ( su* exp]i5ce10 he rem>ks1 8z ! contemplation ( a lifetime c n exhau/20 & at sunset !y cross$ ov] ! ,nile1 to ,,luxor ,,& ,,its ,,temple4 ,! temple ( ,luxor is imb$d$ 9 ! mod]n village1 & only ! front ( ! pylon1 fac+ t[>d ,k>nak1 & "p ( ! gr& c5tral colonnade1 are free f its hovels & _! accessories4 ,= ?is reason1 ?\gh ( mu* gr&] proportions ?an ! ,memnonium1 its effect is less agreeable & impressive4 8,its plan1 h[ev]10 says ,taylor1 8is easily trac$2 & hav+ be5 built by only two mon>*s1 ,remeses ! ,great & ,amunoph ,,iii41 or1 to use _! m famili> titles1 ,seso/ris & ,memnon1 x is less bewild]+1 9 a hi/orical po9t ( view1 to ! un/udi$ t\ri/1 ?an mo/ ( ! o!r temples ( ,egypt4 ,! sanctu>y1 :i* /&s ne>e/ ! ,nile1 is /ill protect$ by ! anci5t /one quay1 ?\gh ! riv] has made rapid advances1 & ?reat5s f9ally to und]m9e ,luxor z x has already und]m9$ ! temples ( ,antopolis & ,ant9o4 ,i rode into :at 7 once ! sacr$ *amb]s1 b ! pill>s & sculptures 7 cov]$ ) fil?1 & ! ,arabs _h built 91 ar\nd & ^u !m1 l ! clay ne/s ( ! cliff-sp>r[4 ,! p]i/yle ( maje/ic ,osiride pill>s1 9 front ( ! portico1 z well z ! portico itself1 are buri$ to half _! dep?1 & s surr\nd$ by hovels1 t to get an idea ( _! arrangem5t y mu/ make ! t\r ( a numb] ( h5-h\ses & asses' /alls4 ,! pill>s are n[ employ$ z dry+-po/s = ! buffalo dung :i* ! ,arabs use z fuel4 ,proce$+ t[>d ! entrance1 ! next c\rt1 :i* is tol]ably free f incumbrances1 conta9s a colonnade ( two r[s ( lotus-cr[n$ columns1 tw5ty-eight feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,!y /ill uphold _! ar*itraves ( giant blocks ( s&/one1 & ris+ high above ! mis]able dwell+s ( ! village1 are visible f e "p ( ! pla9 ( ,!bes4 ,! ,engli% vice-consul occupies a h\se betwe5 two ( ^! pill>s4 ,he gave u ! agreeable news t ! consul 0 endeavor+ to p]suade ! pa%a to h ,k>nak cle>$ ( its rubbi% & pres]v$ f fur!r spoliation4 ,if ,i possess$ despotic p[]1 7& ,i !n wi%$ x = ! fir/ "t17 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly make despotic use ( x1 9 te>+ d[n "s doz5s ( villages & sett+ "s ?\s&s ( ,copts & ,fellahs at "w 9 exhum+ :at _! ance/ors h mutilat$ & buri$4 ,! _w c n sp>e ^! rema9s4 ,te> d[n ,roman ru9s if y w2 level ,cyclopean walls2 build bridges ) ! /ones ( ,go?ic abbeys & feudal =tresses2 b lay no h& on ! glory & gr&eur ( ,egypt6 ,we asc5d$ ! great pylon ( ! temple1 on ! face ( ! t[]s ( :i* ! victories ( ,remeses are sculptur$2 b 8 colossi1 solid figures ( granite1 :i* sit on ei!r side ( ! entrance1 h be5 mu* defac$4 ,! lonely obelisk1 :i* /&s a little 9 advance1 on ! left h&1 is m p]fect ?an its ,p>isian mate4 ,f ?is /ately entrance1 an av5ue ( colossal sph9xes once ext5d$ to ! ,ptolemaic pylon ( ,k>nak1 a di/ance ( a mile & a half4 ,! sph9xes h disappe>$1 & ! mod]n ,arab road leads ov] its site1 ?r\gh fields ( wa/e grass40 ,,k>nak ,,& ,,its ,,ru9s4 8,& n[ we gallop$ =w>d1 ?r\gh a long procession ( camels1 donkeys1 & des]t ,arabs arm$ ) spe>s1 t[>d ,k>nak1 ! greate/ ru9 9 ! _w1 ! cr[n+ triumph ( ,egyptian p[] & ,egyptian art4 ,except a brok5 /one "h & !re protrud+ ?r\gh ! soil1 ! pla9 is z desolate z if x _h nev] be5 consci\s ( a human dwell+2 & only on rea*+ ! vic9ity ( ! mud hamlet ( ,k>nak1 c ! travel] realize t he is 9 ,!bes4 ,"h ! camel-pa? drops into a broad excavat$ av5ue1 l9$ ) fragm5ts ( sph9xes & %ad$ by />vel+ acacias4 ,z y advance1 ! sph9xes are bett] pres]v$ & rema9 seat$ on _! p$e/als1 b !y h all be5 decapitat$4 ,?\gh ( colossal proportions1 !y are seat$ s close to ea* o!r1 t x mu/ h requir$ ne>ly two ?\s& to =m ! d\ble r[ to ,luxor4 ,! av5ue f9ally rea*es a s+le pylon1 ( maje/ic proportions1 built by "o ( ! ,ptolemies1 & cov]$ ) pr(use hi]oglyphics4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ?is1 ! sph9xes lead y to ano!r pylon1 foll[$ by a pill>$ c\rt & a temple built by ! lat] ,remesides4 ,?is1 ,i ?\ght1 :ile my fri5d 0 measur+ ! gir? ( ! pill>s1 is a good beg9n+ = ,k>nak1 b x is c]ta9ly mu* less ?an ,i expect4 #8,tl m9 h5nee6' 7come ?is way67 call$ ! guide1 z if read+ my m9d1 & l$ me up ! heaps ( rubbi% to ! ro( & po9t$ to ! nor?4 ,ah1 !re 0 ,k>nak6 ,_h ,i be5 bl9d up to ?is "t1 or _h ! e>? sudd5ly heav$ out ( h] brea/ ! rema9s ( ! glori\s temple8 ,f all p>ts ( ! pla9 ( ,!bes ,i _h se5 x 9 ! di/ance--a huge propylon1 a %att]$ portico1 & an obelisk1 ris+ above ! palms4 ,:5ce ?is wild]ness ( ru9s1 spread+ s f> z to seem a city r ?an a temple2 pylon aft] pylon1 tumbl+ into enorm\s cubes ( /one1 long colonnades1 support+ fragm5ts ( ,titanic ro(s1 obelisks ( r$ granite1 & endless walls & av5ues1 bran*+ out to isolat$ portals8 ,yet !y /ood z sil5tly amid ! accumulat$ rubbi% ( ne>ly f\r ?\s& ye>s1 & ! sun%9e ?rew its yell[ lu/] z s]5ely ov] ! despoil$ sanctu>ies1 z if x _h nev] be5 o!rwise s9ce ! _w began4 ,figures are ( no use1 9 describ+ a place l ?is1 b s9ce ,i mu/ use !m1 ,i may say t ! l5g? ( ! ru9s be=e u1 f we/ to ea/1 0 twelve hundr$ feet1 & t ! total circumf]5ce ( ,k>nak1 includ+ its num]\s pyl1 or gateways1 is a mile & a half4 8,we m\nt$ & rode ) fa/-beat+ he>ts to ! we/]n or ma9 entrance1 fac+ ! ,nile4 ,! two t[]s ( ! propylon 7pyramidal masses ( solid /one7 are ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e feet 9 l5g?1 & ! "o :i* is lea/ ru9$1 is ne>ly "o hundr$ feet 9 hight4 ,on ea* side ( ! sculptur$ portal connect+ !m1 is a tablet left by ! ,fr5* army1 record+ ! geographical position ( ! pr9cipal ,egyptian temples4 ,we pass$ ?r\gh1 & ent]$ an op5 c\rt1 m ?an ?ree hundr$ feet squ>e1 ) a corridor ( imm5se pill>s on ea* side1 connect+ x ) ! t[]s ( a second pylon1 ne>ly z gigantic z ! fir/4 ,a colonnade ( l(ty %afts1 lead+ ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! c\rt1 once unit$ ! two entrances1 b !y h all be5 hurl$ d[n1 & lay z !y fell1 9 long l9es ( disjo9t$ blocks1 except "o1 :i* holds its solit>y lotus-bell aga9/ ! sky4 ,two mutilat$ colossi ( r$ granite /ill gu>d ! doorway1 ^: l9tel-/ones are =ty feet 9 l5g?4 ,climb+ ov] ! huge fragm5ts :i* h fall5 f above & almo/ block$ up ! passage1 we look$ d[n into ! gr& hall ( ! temple4 ,i knew ! dim5sions ( ?is hall1 be=eh&2 ,i knew ! numb] & size ( ! pill>s1 b ,i 0 no m prep>$ = ! reality ?an ^? w be1 :o may read ?is acc\nt ( x & aft]w>d visit ,k>nak = !mselves4 ,x is ! great good luck ( travel t _m ?+s mu/ be se5 to be kn[n4 ,no?+ c\ld h comp5sat$ = ! loss ( t ov]:elm+ confusion ( awe1 a/oni%m5t1 & delight1 :i* came ^u me l a flood4 ,i look$ d[n an av5ue ( twelve pill>s1 six on ea* side1 ea* ( :i* 0 ?irty-six feet 9 circumf]5ce & ne>ly eighty feet 9 hight4 ,cru%+ z 7 ^! pond]\s masses ( sculptur$ /one1 ! spread+ bell ( ! lotus-blossoms :i* cr[n$ !m1 clo!d !m ) an atmosph]e ( lightness & grace4 ,9 front1 ov] ! top ( ano!r pile ( colossal blocks1 two obelisks rose %>p & cle>1 ) e emblem legible on _! poli%$ sides4 ,on ea* side ( ! ma9 aisle are sev5 o!r r[s ( columns1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-two 9 all2 ea* ( :i* is ab\t fifty feet high & tw5ty-sev5 9 circumf]5ce4 ,!y h ! ,osiride =m1 )\t capitals1 & d n range ) ! c5tral %afts4 ,9 ! ef=ts ( ! conqu]ors to ov]?r[ !m1 two h be5 hurl$ f _! places & ?r[n aga9/ ! neighbor+ ones1 :]e !y /ill lean1 z if we>y ) hold+ up ! ro( ( massive s&/one4 ,i walk$ alone ?r\gh ?is hall1 try+ to be> ! weight ( its unutt]able maje/y & beauty4 ,t ,i _h be5 s oppress$ by ,d5d]a1 seem$ a weakness :i* ,i 0 resolv$ to conqu]1 & ,i f9ally succe$$ 9 look+ on ,k>nak ) a calmness m comm5surate ) its sublime repose2 b n by daylight4 ,my next visit 0 at night1 at ! "t ( ! full moon4 ,!re 0 a wan haze 9 ! air1 & a pale halo ar\nd ! moon1 on ea* side ( :i* appe>$ two fa9t mock-moons4 ,x 0 a gho/ly light1 & ! fre% nor? w9d1 com+ up ! ,nile1 ru/l$ solemnly 9 ! palm-trees4 ,we trott$ sil5tly to ,k>nak1 & leap$ our horses ov] ! fragm5ts until we rea*$ ! foot ( ! fir/ obelisk4 ,"h we dism\nt$ & ent]$ ! gr& hall ( pill>s4 ,!re 0 no s\nd 9 all ! temple1 & ! guide1 :o seem$ to compreh5d my wi%1 mov$ beh9d me z s(tly z a %ad[1 & spoke n a ^w4 ,x ne$s ?is illum9ation to compreh5d ,k>nak4 ,! unsightly rubbi% has disappe>$3 ! r5ts 9 ! ro( are aton$ = by ! moonlight !y admit2 ! fragm5ts %iv]$ f ! lips ( ! mighty capitals are only ! crumpl$ edges ( ! fl[]2 a maze ( %ad[s hides ! desolation ( ! c\rts1 b e pill> & obelisk1 pylon & propylon is glorifi$ by ! moonlight4 ,! s\l ( ,k>nak is soo!d & tranquilliz$4 ,its halls look ^u y no long] ) an aspect ( pa9 & humiliation4 ,e /one seems to say3 #8,i am n fall51 = ,i h defi$ ! ages4 ,i am a "p ( t gr&eur :i* has nev] se5 its pe]1 & ,i %all endure =ev]1 = ! _w has ne$ ( me4' ,i climb$ to ! ro(1 & sat look+ d[n into ! hu%$ & awful colonnades1 till ,i 0 ?or\ghly p5etrat$ ) _! augu/ & sublime expression4 ,i %\ld probably h rema9$ all night1 an amateur colossus1 ) my h&s on my knees1 _h n ! sil5ce be5 di/urb$ by two arrivals ( romantic t\ri/s1 an ,engli%man & two ,fr5*m54 ,we ex*ang$ salutations1 & ,i m\nt$ my re/less m>e aga91 t\*$ h] side ) ! /irrup1 & sp$ back to ,luxor4 ,! guide gallop$ beside me1 occasionally hurl+ 8 spe> into ! air & cat*+ x z x fell1 delight$ ) my read9ess to indulge 8 des]t :ims4 ,i f\nd ! capta9 & sailors all ready & my fri5d smok+ 8 pipe on deck4 ,9 half an h\r we _h left ,!bes40 ,su* is a fa9t view ( ^! ru9s ( =ty c5turies1 ! rema9s ( t spl5did city1 ,!bes1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ,new ,york is b an infant to ! mighty giant6 8,yes1 pr\d up/>t ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury10 says ,?ompson1 8! s-call$ ,empire city1 comm]cial emporium ( ! we/1 great metropolis ( ! new _w1 if ?y riv]s %\ld sweep ov] & bury !e1 n all ! /one ( ! ,croton res]voir1 & ! city hall1 & ! ,a/or h\se1 & ( a hundr$ *ur*es =soo?1 w\ld make "o pile l ,k>nak2 nor c\ld any ( ^! furni% a s+le /one = ! l9tels ( its gates4 ,yet ,k>nak1 :i* began to be 9 t o!r n9ete5? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 is n yet a ru96 ,its gateways /&2 its gr& hall /&s1 its columns ne>ly all unbrok51 & n "o spire ( grass1 or tuft ( moss1 or leaf ( ivy1 hides its speak+ sculptures4 ,only ! s& has cov]$ !m2 & :5 ?is is remov$1 !y are z fre% z ye/]day40 8,su* is ! skeleton ( ,!bes1 z we c recon/ruct x ( su* mat]ials & f su* localities z yet m>k its site4 ,b :at 0 ,!bes :51 re/+ ^u ! ,lybian m\nta9s on ! we/ & ! ,arabian on ! ea/1 ) ! ,nile fl[+ ?r\gh its c5t]1 x fill$ a circuit ( tw5ty-five miles 9 a pla9 ( twice t area1 teem+ ) f]tility6 ,:at 0 ,!bes :5 %e c\ld p\r =? tw5ty ?\s& *>iots ( w>1 & :5 ! gr& triumphal procession ( prie/s1 & (fic]s ( /ate1 & soldi]s1 & captives1 swept ?r\gh ^! colossal av5ues to grace ! conqu]or's return6 ,:at 0 ,!bes :51 by ! way ( ! ,r$ sea1 ,arabia & ! ,indies p\r$ all _! comm]ce into h] lap1 & ! ,nile br\ght h] ! spoils ( ,e?iopia & ( ! great sea6 ,:at 0 ,!bes :5 %e possess$ weal?1 & me*anic arts1 & physical =ce1 to re> su* monum5ts ev5 9 ! mid/ ( w>1 & sometimes m ?an "o 9 ! reign ( a s+le mon>*6 ,:at 0 ,!bes1 ) all ! arts & inv5tions ( civiliz$ life t are sculptur$ ^u ! tombs ( h] k+s to m>k ! progress ( _! day2 f build+ ar*es & bridges1 to glass-bl[+ & porcela9 manufactures1 to ! mak+ ( umbrellas1 fans1 *airs1 & divans1 f9e l95s1 & all ! appurt5ances ( a mod]n draw+-room6 ,:at 0 ,!bes :5 all m]*ants resort$ ?i!r f ,p]sia1 f ,e?iopia1 f ,lybia1 & ! ,levant6 ,:at 0 ,!bes :5 ! arti/s & s*ol>s ( infant ,greece & ,rome w5t ?i!r to s*ool6 ,0 n ,egypt ! "m ( nations8 ,:]e is ! art ( ,greece or ,rome t 0 n tutor$ 9 ,egypt2 t has n simply grac$ ,egyptian =ms--nor always ?is8 ,:]e is ! philosophy ( ,greece or ,rome t 0 n borr[$ f ,egypt8 ,ev5 ! div9e ,plato1 :o only wait$ = ! true ,logos1 le>n$ at ,egypt's %r9e4 ,egypt gave bir? to art1 gave bir? to ?\ght1 be=e ,greece & ,rome 7 born4 ,%e 0 ! gr& repository ( human p[]2 ! orig9ator ( all great =ms ( human developm5t2 ! orig9ator1 ! inv5tor1 ! great prototype ( ! _w's hi/ory1 "h laid up 9 h] hi]oglyphic ar*ives4 ,9 all mat]ial ?+s1 yes1 & 9 all great intellectual =ms1 9 poetry1 9 art1 9 philosophy1 9 sci5ce1 & 9 ! religion ( nature1 ?is n9ete5? c5tury is b ! recipi5t ( ! mighty pa/4 ,:atev] %e has ( ^!1 %e b inh]its ?r\gh ,rome & ,greece f _! old "m ,egypt4 ,:at %e has bett] ?an ^!1 %e has by gift div9e1 ?r\gh t ,*ri/ianity :i* purifies1 enfran*ises1 & ennobles man1 re=ms society1 & makes free ! /ate4 ,if %e hold fa/ by ?is1 %e w become respl5d5t ) a glory t ,egypt nev] knew2 b if %e slight ?is1 & sell h] bir?right = luxury & p[]1 ! meane/ grave at ,!bes w\ld suffice to bury ?is n9ete5? c5tury ) its boa/$ inv5tions48 ,,!bes1 ,,z ,,se5 ,,9 ,,hi/ory4 ,all ! m]e ru9s ( ,!bes1 h[ev]1 imm5se & magnific5t z !y are1 fail to give u true views ( h] greatness1 till we g back to h] orig91 & trace up h] hi/ory2 & ?is is s graphically done by ,?ompson1 9 8 8,egypt1 ,pa/ & ,pres5t10 t we quote f x1 :at he s appropriately calls 8,dissolv+ ,views3 ,panorama ( ,k>nak40 8,9 ord]10 he says1 8to a complete view ( ,!bes1 pa/ & pres5t1 "o %\ld reproduce its sculptur$ /ory1 & make x witness = itself4 ,! temple ( ,k>nak1 9 its sev]al p>ts1 m>ks ! rise1 ! gr[?1 ! decl9e1 & ! fall ( ,egypt4 ,?is temple _h a gr[? ( tw5ty-five hundr$ ye>s1 f a small sanctu>y to #8a city ( temples4' ,e pr9cipal era ( ! national hi/ory is repres5t$ 9 ?is /up5d\s pile2 & z we g leisurely ar\nd x1 & translate into our own language1 or vivify into pres5t actual sc5es1 ! processions1 ! battles1 ! c]emonies1 ! religi\s (f]+s1 & ! /ate displays1 sculptur$ on its walls & columns1 & = ! mo/ "p /ill legible1 we behold all ,egypt move be=e u z 9 a panorama1 ^: sc5es & actors are in/9ct ) life4 ,?is animat$ reproduction ( ! sculptures1 :i* ,i attempt$ :5 on ! gr\nd1 ,i w\ld hope to convey to ! read] by foll[+ 9 c\rse ! hi/ories "h writt5 on ! /one4 8,i /ood 9 ,k>nak1 "u ! light ( ! full moon4 ,x 0 an h\r = sil5ce1 & we enjo9$ ?is ^u ea* o!r1 & gave ourselves to solit>y mus+4 ,! cuckoo1 t _h woo$ u ) 8 note z we repos$ "u ! great pill>s 9 ! sultry noon1 _h gone to ne/le ) 8 mate2 & ! myriad birds t by day _h flutt]$ along ! corridors1 _h hid !mselves 9 ! crevices ( ! capitals4 ,ev5 ! owl t hoot$ z we ent]$1 0 /ill4 ,only ! moon 0 !re1 ?read+ ! av5ues ) silv] foot/eps1 & hold+ h] cle> light t we might read ! sculptur$ *ronicles ( k+s4 ,we sat d[n 9 ! c5t] ( ! gr& av5ue4 ,twelve maje/ic pill>s1 on ei!r h&1 t[]$ along its l5g?1 & seem$1 z ( old1 to support an ar* ( azure /udd$ ) />s4 ,! dismantl$ t[]s ( ! gr& entrance1 ^: bases /& l pyramids truncat$ to su/a9 ! firmam5t1 grew m gigantic 9 ! %ad[ ( ! columns1 :ile _! once massive gates1 uncov]$ by ! h& ( "t1 seem$ only to h lift$ up _! heads to let ! ,k+ ( ,glory 94 ,9 ! av5ue t cross$ beside our seat1 7"o ( twelve1 hav+ ea* t5 columns ( huge dim5sions17 at ei!r extremity1 a column _h fall5 crosswise aga9/ its neighbor1 c>ry+ ) x its fragm5t ( ! /one ro(1 & !re x hung almo/ e!real 9 ! /ill moonlight1 a symbol ( ! /ruggle betwe5 man & "t4 ,"u ! corridors1 d>kness brood$ ov] ! fragm5ts ( sculptur$ /one2 b beyond ! o!r portal1 ! yet p]fect obelisk /ood 9 p5sive maje/y among its fall5 mates1 & f its cle>1 h>d face project$ 9 ! moonbeams ! symbols ( ! p[] t built ^! halls1 & ( ! wor%ip t su/a9$ !m4 ,! spell ( ,egypt 0 complete4 ,= two mon?s ,i _h liv$ "u its deep5+ p[]4 ,at l5g?1 9 ! sepul*]s ( its k+s1 & on ! walls & pill>s ( its temples1 ,i _h se5 ! ,egypt ( =ty c5turies reviv$ z 9 a panorama fre% f ! arti/'s p5cil1 & _h liv$ 9 ! ,egypt t ! ,nile !n wat]$1 z 9 ! s-call$ ,egypt t x wat]s n[4 ,& "h ,i _h come to bid x f>ewell1 to take a la/ look at its grave2 & yet ! wit*+ moonlight made x live aga94 ,! brea? ( ! s\? fann+ ! columns t 9 _! f\r? decade ( c5turies we> no ivi$ wrea? ( age1 w>m$ _! /ill gr&eur into life1 & ) ,memnon's *>m !y sang to ! moon ! great epic ( ! pa/4 ,z ,i li/5$1 all art1 all le>n+1 all religion1 all poetry1 all hi/ory1 all empire1 & all "t1 swept ?r\gh my wond]+ s\l4 ,leav+ my companions1 ,i w&]$ ov] ! fragm5ts ( columns & sph9xes & colossi1 till1 ga9+ a m\nd t half buries ! front area ( ! temple1 ,i clamb]$ up ! /eps worn by age 9 its /up5d\s wall1 & /&+ 9 _! =emo/ t[]1 look$ back on ,k>nak4 ,b no *ange ( place1 nor sight ( fall5 columns & decay+ walls1 c\ld break ! spell4 ,i _h walk$ ov] ! grave ( ,egypt1 ,i _h /umbl$ aga9/ ! fragm5ts ( its sepul*]1 yet ,egypt /ood be=e me4 8,fir/ came ! second son ( ,ham1 ) a long ret9ue ( camels & ( s]vants1 lur$ s\?w>d by ! f]tile valley ( ! ,nile1 till1 :]e ! m\nta9s wid5 _! embrace ar\nd ! well-wat]$ pla91 he pit*es 8 t5t1 & f\nds an infant city4 ,g5]ations pass1 & ! son :o 9 ?is pla9 inh]its ! patri>*al weal? & p[]1 gre$y ( ! patrimony ( 8 bre?r5 to ! nor?1 wages a fratricidal w>1 & seiz+ ^u all ,mizr or #8! l& ( ,ham1' effaces f x ! "n ( 8 ance/ors1 &1 inve/+ x ) 8 own1 gives ,egypt 7,copt or ,gurt7 a "n & a p[] 9 ! newly divid$ e>?4 ,o!r g5]ations pass1 & ! fir/ k+ ( ,egypt comes ) b>b>ic pomp1 f ! capital he has f\nd$ at ! nor?1 to visit 8 native ,!ba1 ! real #8head' or capital1 & "h (f]s to its div9ity ! rude %r9e ^: traces l+] beh9d yond] obelisk4 ,ages roll on4 ,! swell+ ,nile p\rs out increas+ fatness on ! l&4 ,! e>? br+s =? by h&fuls4 ,fat-fle%$1 well-favor$ cattle come up out ( ! riv] & fe$ 9 ! mead[4 ,!re is great pl5te\sness = man & bea/4 ,b ) all ! pl5ty !re is no wa/e4 ,9 e city huge gran>ies are built1 & 9 ^! ! gra9 is pil$1 z ! s& ( ! sea1 )\t measure4 ,!re is a /range wisdom ne> ! ?rone ( ,ph>aoh4 ,aga91 ! ea/ w9d bl[s1 & ! scor*+ s&s ( ! ,arabian des]t are heap$ ^u ! f]tile ,nile4 ,9 ! m\nta9s ( ,e?iopia !re is no ra94 ,! riv] %r9ks away4 ,! pla9 ( ,!bes is dry4 ,! p cry = bread1 b ! keys ( ! great /oreh\ses are 9 ! h& ( ! rul] ( ! l&4 ,!y br+ to him _! money2 !y br+ to him _! cattle2 !y sell to him _! l&3 !y sell to him _! v selves = bread4 ,aga91 ! ea/ w9d ceases2 ! ra9s fall1 ! riv] rises2 ! des]t retreats2 ! l& revives4 ,& n[ ! great ,ph>aoh1 :om ! c\nsel ( a captive ,jew has made possessor ( all ! treasure & all ! l& ( ,egypt1 mov$ by a religi\s s5tim5t b half enlight5$1 w\ld make a votive (f]+ to 8 god4 ,a fleet ( b>ges cov]s ! bosom ( ! ,nile1 :i* ) wav+ bann]s & gorge\s emblems & increas+ music1 h borne ! mon>* f 8 nor!rn to 8 s\!rn capital4 ,) solemn pomp ! procession ( prie/s & soldi]s & *ief (fic]s ( /ate1 ) ! uplift$ mon>* 9 ! mid/1 files f ! riv] to ! rude sanctu>y ( ,m5es1 :i* ! skill ( masons & ( sculptors has already surr\nd$ ) columns ( ri* r$ granite1 & *amb]s ( poli%$ /one1 & ) colossal /atues ( ! k+--! (f]+ he br+s to ! div9ity1 :om he adores z ! pres]v] ( ! l&2 & :ile ! mon>* b[s be=e ! god1 ! s\nd ( trumpets1 & ! fragrance ( inc5se1 & ! *ant+ ( ! prie/s1 ann\nce to ! multitude t ,amun accepts ! gift1 & w be h5ce=? wor%ip$ 9 _! temple4 ,osirtas5 ! ,great passes away4 8,! ages roll4 ,a native ,!ban usurps ! ?rone ( ! nor!rn ,ph>aohs1 & succe$s to ! p[] !y _h consolidat$ ?r\gh ! c\nsel ( ! ,hebrew1 v\*saf$ to !m ?r\gh f\rscore ye>s4 ,b ,joseph is dead2 embalm$ & c(f9$ 9 a royal s>cophagus2 & ,amosis ! usurp] kn[s him n4 ,oppression fills ! l&1 & falls mo/ heavily ^u ! se$ ( ,joseph4 ,ano!r ,!ban ,ph>aoh m\nts ! ?rone1 & to pres]ve ! p[] t ! wisdom ( a ,hebrew gave1 det]m9es to cut (f ! issue ( ! ,hebrews f ! l&4 ,yet 9 8 own h\se1 ev5 z a son1 9 all ! le>n+ ( 8 s*ools1 amid all ! spl5dors ( 8 c\rt1 is nurtur$ a "y ,hebrew :o yet %all desolate ! l& t ,joseph bless$4 ,b j n[ ?is ris+ t]ror has fl$ into ! des]t1 & ! fir/ ,?o?mes comes 9 peaceful pomp to (f] to ! div9ity ( ,!bes ! gigantic obelisks t be> 8 "n4 ,he plants !m yond] 9 ! area be=e ! sanctu>y ( ,osirtas54 ,! ?ird ,?o?mes is on ! ?rone4 ,!re is groan+ ?r\gh\t ! l& ( ,egypt2 !re is deep sorr[ 9 ! l& ( ,go%54 ,! mon>* w\ld make 8 "n immortal by ! temples1 ! palaces1 & ! monum5ts he re>s 9 e city1 f ! great sea to ! cat>acts ( ,nubia4 ,he adorns 8 native capital ^u its we/]n bank ) a new sanctu>y add$ to ! temple ( 8 fa!r1 & ) ano!r temple inclos$ ) brick1 t be> 9 hi]oglyphics 8 own initials2 & "h at ,k>nak1 he builds beh9d ! sanctu>y1 a ?\s& feet f :]e ,i /&1 ! gr& edifice ( fifty columns t surpasses all ! royal ar*itecture yet se5 9 ,!bes4 ,9 its adytum he en%r9es a colossal figure ( ! deifi$ hawk t he wor%ips4 ,he is ! great ar*itect ( ,egypt1 & he w fill ! l& ) ! memorials ( 8 reign4 ,heliopolis & ,noph1 ,zoan & ,s91 atte/ 8 gr&eur4 ,b ! voice ( ano!r ,god n[ ?und]s 9 8 e>4 ,! exil$ ,hebrew has return$4 ,! l& is fill$ ) plagues1 frogs1 lice1 flies1 blood1 murra91 hail1 locu/s1 d>kness1 dea?4 ,! k+ has gone f ,!bes to ,zoan1 8 mo/ nor!rn seat1 :]e ^! judgm5ts ov]take him4 ,! l& ( ,go%51 t _h swelt]$ "u 8 exactions1 brea!s m freely1 & he lets ! p g4 ,b ga!r+ 8 *>iots ( w> 9 mad ha/e1 he pursues !m1 & hems !m 9 betwe5 ! m\nta9s & ! sea4 ,eag] = 8 prey1 he plunges into ! *annel ,god has made = !m1 & ! pr\d ar*itect ( ,egypt returns n1 ev5 to occupy ! gorge\s tomb he _h prep>$ = himself at ,!bes4 8,! ages roll on1 & a mighty conqu]or sits on ! ?rone ( ,egypt4 ,) 8 myriad *>iots he sweeps ,e?iopia on ! s\?1 & ,canaan on ! nor?1 & ga!r+ all ! =ces ( ! ,nile1 he %akes ,lebanon ) 8 tread1 & scatt]s ! ho/s ( ,syria on ! pla9s ( ! ,euphrates4 ,& n[ !re is an unwont$ /ir 9 ,!bes4 ,f all ,egypt ! prie/s & ! great m5 are ga!r$ to greet ! conqu]or's return4 ,9 ! di/ance1 amid cl\ds ( infantry1 is se5 ! *>iot ( ! k+4 ,b\nd to 8 *>iot :eels are ! captive pr9ces he has tak5 9 8 w>s4 ,beh9d him are 8 son1 & ! royal scribe :o be>s ! record ( 8 victories4 ,a long l9e ( captives1 b\nd ab\t ! necks ) cords1 foll[ 9 8 tra94 ,! cortege moves f temple to temple ?r\gh ! city1 till x rea*es t ( ,k>nak4 ,"h1 alight+ f 8 *>iot1 ! mon>* ent]s ! temple ( ,amunre1 to pres5t 8 captives & booty to ! protect+ deity ( ,!bes2 !n lay+ 8 captives on ! block1 ) a pond]\s club he da%es out _! bra9s z a sacrifice to ! god1 & amid ! acclamations ( ! p1 is borne l a god to 8 own palace4 ,& n[ ! conqu]or1 repos+ on 8 laurels1 gives himself to ! "w ( enri*+ ! capital ) new & m spl5did edifices = ! honor ( its div9ities1 & ! commemoration ( 8 reign4 ,f all ,egypt are summon$ ! masons & sculptors1 ! pa9t]s & artific]s & #8cunn+ workm52' & ! army t _h /orm$ ! hights ( ,lebanon n[ levies f ! m\nta9s ( ! ,arabian des]t _! tribute ( lime/one & s&/one & granite ( v>i\s hues1 ( sy5ite & porphyry & alaba/]1 to con/ruct ^! temples1 & to adorn ^! av5ues4 ,! gr& hall ( ,k>nak rises 9 its maje/ic proportions1 a fit approa* to ! sanctu>y ( ,amun4 ,its gates lift up _! heads4 ,its t5fold av5ues re> _! massive1 l(ty1 graceful pill>s--ea* a s+le /one hewn into a r\nd$1 swell+ %aft1 ) a wrea!d or fl[]$ capital--& ) _! ro( ( solid /one1 compose ! portico t !re 9 ! moonlight1 re/or$ to its orig9al p]fection1 /&s confess$ ! wond] ( ! _w4 ,! *isel sculptures on its walls & columns ! battle sc5es ( ! k+ & 8 (f]+s to ! god1 & ! "n ( ,osirei passes into hi/ory4 ,8 son succe$s to 8 victories & to 8 glory4 ,=1 on ! f> (f pla9s ( ,asia1 ! great ,seso/ris breaks ! p[] ( ! ,assyrian ho/s1 & leads _! captive *iefs 9 *a9s4 ,babylon b[s to ,egypt4 ,!re is ano!r day ( exultation 9 ! capital2 b ! pomp ( ! return+ ,osirei pales be=e ! national ovation to 8 son4 ,! prie/s1 9 _! sacr$ ve/m5ts1 g =? to meet him1 be>+ al(t ! figures ( 8 illu/ri\s ance/ors1 f ,m5es to ,osirei4 ,! k+1 alight+ f 8 *>iot1 m\nts ! triumphal c> prep>$ = 8 reception1 ^: fi]y /e$s are l$ by liv]i$ grooms4 ,8 fan-be>]s wave ! flabella ov] 8 head1 & ! prie/s & ! *ief m5 ( ! nation kneel 9 homage at 8 ?rone4 ,& n[ ! gr& procession =ms to ent] ! city4 ,trumpet]s h]ald its approa*1 & b&s ( music1 ) *ori/]s1 =m ! van4 ,9 long l9e ! prie/s & (fic]s ( /ate prec$e ! mon>*1 be>+ scept]s1 arms1 & o!r insignia1 & ! cu%ion$ /eps ( ! ?rone4 ,! /atues ( 8 ance/ors head ! royal column1 & aft] ^! is borne a /atue ( ! god ^u m5's %\ld]s "u a gild$ canopy4 ,! sacr$ bull1 adorn$ ) g>l&s1 is l$ by memb]s ( ! sac]dotal ord]4 ,! mon>* is att5d$ by 8 scribes1 :o exhibit pr\dly ! scroll ( 8 a*ievem5ts4 ,beh9d 8 c> are dragg$ ! captives1 _! *a9$ h&s uplift$ = m]cy1 & _! cries & lam5tations m+l+ wildly ) ! bur/s ( music & ! %\ts ( ! multitude4 ,^! are foll[$ by ! spoils ( w>--ox51 *>iots1 horses1 & sacks ( gold2 & beyond1 a corps ( infantry 9 close array1 flank$ by num]\s *>iots1 br+ up ! re>4 ,! va/ ?rong sweep f temple to temple1 & r5d ! air ) acclamations4 ,at l5g? ! div9ity1 t _h be5 tak5 f its %r9e to welcome ! victor1 is br\ght be=e its own adytum4 ,"h ! high-prie/ (f]s inc5se to ! mon>*1 :o1 9 turn1 alights f 8 ?rone & burns inc5se to ! god4 ,& n[ ! horrid sacrifice ( w> is made to ! patron deity4 ,! wret*$ captives are beat5 9 ! pres5ce ( ! k+2 _! "r h&s are cut (f1 & be+ c\nt$ by ! scribes1 are reta9$ z trophies3 _! p]sons are horribly mutilat$2 _! heads are sev]$ by ! sword or mangl$ by ! mace1 & ! gorge\s1 b>b>\s sc5e is clos$4 8,!re is peace 9 ,egypt2 & ! k+ builds1 on yond] we/]n bank1 ! maje/ic & beautiful ,memnonium1 cov]s its walls ) ! /ory ( 8 victories1 & sets be=e its gate ! /up5d\s /atue ( himself1 ! symbol ( ! gr&eur & ! p[] ( ,egypt1 en?ron$ 9 a sublime & an immortal repose4 ,he builds ! va/ area ( ,luxor1 ) its massive gates & t[]s1 & be=e ^! plants colossal /atues ( himself & l(ty obelisks1 & l9es ) huge symbolic sculptures ! av5ue to ,k>nak4 ,"h he lays up be=e ! %r9e ( ,amun1 z depict$ on ! walls1 a gorge\s b>ge ov]laid ) gold )\t1 & ) silv] )91 a tribute f ! spoils ( w>4 ,he enri*es ! walls ( ! gr& hall by add+ to ! sculptur$ /ory ( 8 fa!r's reign ! battle sc5es ( 8 own1 & be=e ! portico con/ructs ?is area ( a hundr$ ?\s& squ>e feet1 surr\nd$ ) its cov]$ corridor1 & adorn$ ) sph9xes & a c5tral av5ue ( tuft$ columns1 & fac$ ) ^! /up5d\s t[]s4 ,he ?r[s ar\nd ! :ole a massive wall1 & ,k>nak /&s complete 9 ! glory ( ! great ,remeses4 ,!n foll[s ! respl5d5t dyna/y ( all ! ,osirei & ! ,remeses1 & ,egypt culm9ates to its m]idian spl5dor4 ,h] s*ools rise ) h] temples1 & ! epic b>d ( ,scio s+s ! #8hundr$ gates ( ,!bes1' :ile ! prie/s & ! philosoph]s ( "y ,greece resort to ! "m ( my?ology & ( lett]s1 & ,grecian sculptors come to /udy ! =ms & creations ( ! "m ( art4 ,! k+ ( ,israel1 ^: fame = wisdom & = weal? is kn[n 9 all ! e>?1 wooes ! daught] ( ! k+ ( ,egypt1 & %e :om #8! sun _h look$ ^u' on ! conf9es ( ,e?iopia1 %9es 9 ! gold5 palace at ,j]usalem1 #8beautiful z ,tirzeh1 & comely z ! t5ts ( ,k$>4' 8,b aga9 ! ho/s ( ,egypt are m>%al$ = battle2 aga9 !y sweep ! bord]s ( ! nor?2 aga9 is he>d ! %\t ( victory2 aga9 ,!bes is a/ir = ! conqu]or's return4 ,n[ ,%i%ak br+s to ! temple ( ,amun ! treasures ( ! h\se ( ,jehovah at ,j]usalem2 ! gold5 %ields ( ,solomon1 & ! treasures ( ! palace he _h built4 ,twelve hundr$ *>iots1 & sixty ?\s& horsem51 & footm5 )\t numb]1 swell ! tra9 ( ! victori\s k+4 ,nail+ ! heads ( 8 wret*$ captives to ! block ( ! execution]1 he :ets 8 sword to sacrifice !m to ! god2 & ! blood ( ,israel once m cries to ,god f ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,f af> ! voice ( ! prophet speaks ! answ] ( ,jehovah to t cry3 #8,behold1 ,i am aga9/ ,ph>aoh k+ ( ,egypt1 & w break 8 arms2 & ,i w cause ! sword to fall out ( 8 h&4 ,h[l ye2 woe1 woe ! day6 ,= ! day is ne>1 ev5 ! day ( ! ,"l is ne>1 a cl\dy day4 ,! sword %all come ^u ,egypt2 & ! pride ( h] p[] %all come d[n4' ,aga9 a mighty ho/1 sweep+ f ! nor?1 hov]s ^u ! pla9 ( ,!bes4 ,! idols are mov$ 9 _! temples1 ! cry ( ! p is 9 ! /reets4 ,b x is n n[ ! return ( h] victori\s k+ t /irs ! royal city4 ,! great ram f ! pla9s ( ,p]sia1 pu%+ we/w>d & s\?w>d1 gores ,egypt ) 8 horns1 ov]?r[s h] temples & h] /atues1 treads ,memnon & ,remeses 9 ! du/1 dr9ks up ! riv] & dev\rs ! valley4 ,!re is sorr[ & groan+ 9 ! l& ( ,egypt = a hundr$ ye>s1 :5 lo6 aga9 ! du/ ( mighty ho/s sweeps f ! nor?4 ,! he-goat f ! we/1 mov$ ) *ol] at ! ram1 t dr9ks up ! great riv]s1 ru%es ^u him 9 ! fury ( 8 p[]1 & ca/s him d[n & /amps ^u him4 ,! ,p]sian conqu]or ( ,!bes retires be=e ! ,mac$onian conqu]or ( ,p]sia4 ,greece1 ?\gh a conqu]or1 pays homage to ,egypt z h] mi/ress4 ,new cities are built2 temples & monum5ts are re/or$4 ,^u ! pla9 ( ,!bes1 new works ( art unite ! sculptur$ records ( ! ,ptolemies ) ! brok5 tablets ( ! ,ph>aohs4 ,k>nak itself op5s new portals1 & revives its anci5t spl5dor4 ,aga9 ! s*ools ( ,egypt are visit$ f ,greece4 ,& :]e ,hom] drank 8 inspiration1 & ,h]odotus por$ ov] ! hi]oglyphics1 & ! papyrus records1 & ! dim traditions ( ! !n old _w1 ,plato comes to pond] ! great my/]ies ( ! s\l's exi/5ce1 & its relations to ! inf9ite4 8,b ! doom ( ,egypt is n yet fulfill$4 ,h] resurrection c n n[ come4 ,! gigantic horn t sweeps ! />s1 trails ! "y ,egypt ( ,alex&] 9 ! du/4 ,aga9 %e lifts h] head & wooes h] conqu]or to repose a:ile 9 ! lap ( luxury4 ,beauty usurps ! dom9ion ( p[]2 & ! gold5 b>ge ( ,cleopatra sweeps up ! ,nile ) silk5 sails p]fum$ ) sweete/ odors1 or moves ) silv] o>s attun$ to ! s(t melody ( lutes4 ,rome adds h] tam] art to ! great maje/y ( ,egypt1 & re/ores yet fur!r :at ! ,p]sian _h de/roy$4 ,yet ,egypt may n rise4 ,a new p[] ent]s to possess ! l&4 ,"u ! ,roman "n1 ! religion t _h visit$ ! l& ) ,abraham1 ) ,joseph1 & ) ,moses1 comes to en%r9e itself 9 ^! old temples1 empti$ ( _! gods & brok5 9 _! =ms4 ,! voice ( pray] & praise to ! ,god ( ,israel is he>d 9 ! temple built by _! oppressor1 & ! "n ( ! infant :om ,egypt %elt]$1 is spok5 ) rev]5ce & adoration 9 all h] holy places4 ,yond]1 9 ! fur!/ temple ( ?is mighty pile1 a ,*ri/ian *ur* assembles2 !re1 9 ! c\rt ( ,luxor1 /&s ano!r ,*ri/ian alt>1 :ile1 across ! riv]1 ! colonnade ( ,m$e5et ,ab\ encompasses ! less] columns ( a ,*ri/ian temple built )9 its folds4 ,b ! _s ( ! old temple l+]s 9 its =m1 & ) x embraces ! new4 ,aga9 ! liv]i$ prie/s m>* ?r\gh ! corridors1 be>+ my/]i\s symbols1 & *ant+ unkn[n /ra9s4 ,aga9 ! pomp ( /ate is bl5d$ ) ! pomp ( wor%ip1 & ! pictur$ sa9t b pla/]s ov] ! sculptur$ deity4 ,! religion & ! empire ( ,rome are alike effete1 & c give no life to ,egypt4 ,& n[ b>b>ic hordes f ! ea/ p\r 9 ^u ! l&1 & sweep ^! bo? away4 ,! sword ( ! ,moslem1 hack+ ! pla/]$ walls1 writes !re 9 blood ! =gott5 tru?1 !re is "o ,god1 ?\gh x add !reto ! /up5d\s lie1 t makes ! o!r c>d9al ( 8 religion4 ,! wild man ( ! des]t pit*es 8 t5t ^u ! pla9 :]e ,mizraim halt$ c5turies be=e1 or hides himself "u ! cov] ( brok5 tombs & temples4 ,he h>dly moves f 8 retreat1 :5 ! imp]i\s ,turk1 8 bro!r ,moslem1 proclaims himself ma/] ( ,egypt & ,arabia by ! w ( ,god4 ,& n[ "h sits ! ,arab on ?is luxuri\s pla91 among ^! crumbl+ giants ( ! pa/1 />tl$ at 8 own %ad[1 )\t ! _s to fight ei!r = himself aga9/ 8 tyrant1 or = 8 c\ntry 9 t tyrant's s]vice4 ,"h he sits1 :]e ,osirei & ,remeses & ,%i%ak h *ronicl$ _! names & de$s beside _! own gigantic portraits4 ,"h he sits1 :]e mov$ 9 royal /ate ! conqu]or ( ,e?iopia1 ( ,judah1 ( ,syria1 & ( ,babylon4 ,"h he sits1 :]e ! fi]ce ,cambyses dealt 8 retribution2 :]e ,alex&] mov$ ) a pomp t none b he c\ld boa/2 :]e ,cs> foll[$ 9 ! tra9 ( mighty m5--yet own$ ! great] might ( woman4 ,"h he sits--#8,il faut desc5dre1' said my guide1 :o _h tortur$ 8 ,arabic gutturals into a rude ,fr5*2 #8il faut desc5dre1' 7x is necess>y to g d[n47 ,il faut desc5dre1 repeat$ ,i1 z ,i look$ ov] ^u ! tombs ( ! k+s1 all dre> & gho/ly 9 ! moonlight2 & look$ :]e ,memnon /ood1 & all 0 desolate2 & look$ t[>d ,luxor1 :]e ! moonlight /ole fa9tly ?r\gh its brok5 t[]s2 & turn$ & look$ at ,k>nak1 z ! m]idian moon n[ %one ^u heaps ( rubbi%1 & brok5 columns1 & crumbl+ walls4 ,il faut desc5dre1 ,,x ,,mu/ ,,g ,,d[n2 &1 turn+ to desc5d1 ,i /umbl$ ov] an ,arab hovel1 pla/]$ ^u ! v top ( ! t[] ( ,seso/ris1 & he>d ! yelp+ ( ! dogs f ! huts t bury ! side temple ( ! conqu]or ( ,babylon4 ,! spell 0 brok52 & ,egypt 0 a dream4 ,rid+ back1 amid b>k+ dogs & %iv]+1 %r9k+ ,arabs1 ov] ! du/y pla9 to ,luxor1 ,i lay d[n ^u ! divan :]e1 two mon?s be=e1 ,i _h dream$ ( ,egypt1 :51 ent]+ ! ,nile1 ,i felt h] resi/less spell4 ,b no dream ( ,egypt came4 ,egypt h]self _h vani%$4 ,z a dream :5 "o awake?1 s1 ,o ,"l1 :5 ?\ awak$/1 ?\ did/ despise h] image40 ,,o!r ,,ru9s ,,9 ,,egypt1 ,c4 ,!re are 9 ,egypt & ! valley ( ! ,nile1 num]\s o!r ru9s1 relics & monum5ts ( ! mighty pa/1 on :i* x w\ld be mo/ int]e/+ & in/ructive to dwell1 7 !y n ov]%ad[$ by ! wond]ful /ructures we h be5 consid]+4 ,"s ( ^!1 h[ev]1 ought n to be pass$ )\t notice4 ,,! ,,temple ,,( ,,d5d]a4 ,! temple ( ,d5d]a 7=m]ly ,t5tyra7 is on ! we/]n bank ( ! ,nile1 ne>ly opposite ,k5neh4 ,pass+ f ! latt] place1 ! pa? ( ! travel] leads ?r\gh a palm grove1 :]e ! l(ty %afts ( ! date & ! vault$ foliage ( ! d\m-palm1 bl5d 9 ! mo/ picturesque gr\page1 & 9 contra/ ) ! lace-l texture ( ! fl[]+ mimosa1 & ! cl\dy b\ghs ( a k9d ( gray cypress4 ,cross+ ! mead[s to ,d5d]a1 leagues ( rank grass roll away t[>d ! des]t 9 %9+ bill[s1 :ile ! w9d wafts ! ri* & m+l$ odors ( ! v>i\s fl[]s on ! travel]'s c\rse4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is beautiful pla91 rise ! e>?y m\nds ( ,d5d]a2 & ! portico ( ! temple1 almo/ buri$ b5ea? !m1 /&s l a beacon1 m>k+ ! b\nd>y ( ! des]t4 8,we gallop$ our animals along ! dike10 says a late travel]1 8& dism\nt$ at a small pylon1 :i* /&s two or ?ree hundr$ paces 9 front ( ! temple4 ,! huge jambs ( s&/one1 cov]$ ) %>ply cut hi]oglyphics & figures ( ! ,egyptian gods1 & surm\nt$ by a s+le block1 be>+ ! my/]i\s w+$ globe & s]p5t1 deta9$ u b a mom5t1 & we hurri$ d[n :at 0 once ! dromos ( ! temple1 n[ repres5t$ by a d\ble wall ( unburnt bricks4 ,! portico1 m ?an a hundr$ feet 9 l5g?1 & support$ by six columns1 unit$ by scre5s ( masonry1 no /one ( :i*1 or ( ! columns !mselves1 is unsculptur$1 is massive & impos+1 b /ruck me z be+ too depress$ to produce a v gr& effect4 ,:at 0 my a/oni%m5t1 on arriv+ at ! entrance1 to f9d t ,i _h approa*$ ! temple on a level ) half its hight1 & t ! pavem5t ( ! portico 0 z f> bel[ z ! scrolls ( its cornice 7 above me4 ,! six columns ,i _h se51 cov]$ ?ree o!r r[s1 ( six ea*1 all adorn$ ) ! mo/ elaborate sculpture & exhibit+ traces ( ! brilliant color+ :i* !y once possess$4 ,! entire temple1 :i* is 9 an excell5t /ate ( pres]vation1 except :]e ! h& ( ! ,coptic ,*ri/ian has defac$ its sculptures1 0 clean$ out by ord] ( ,mohamm$ ,ali1 & z all its *amb]s1 z well z ! ro( ( enorm\s s&/one blocks1 are entire1 x is consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ complete relics ( ,egyptian art4 ,i f9d my p5 at fault1 :5 ,i attempt to describe ! impression produc$ by ! spl5did portico4 ,! tw5ty-f\r columns1 ea* ( :i* is sixty feet 9 hight1 & eight feet 9 diamet]1 cr[d$ ^u a surface ( "o hundr$ feet by sev5ty1 are oppressive 9 _! gr&eur4 ,! dim light1 admitt$ ?r\gh ! half clos$ front1 :i* faces ! nor?1 spreads a my/]i\s gloom ar\nd ^! mighty %afts1 cr[n$ ) ! f\rfold visage ( ,a?or1 /ill rebuk+ ! impi\s h&s t h m>r$ h] solemn beauty4 ,on ! walls1 betwe5 columns ( hi]oglyphics1 & ! c>t\*es ( ! ,cs>s & ! ,ptolemies1 appe> ! pr9cipal ,egyptian deities1 ! rigid ,osiris1 ! /ately ,isis & ! hawk-head$ ,orus4 ,ar\nd ! bases ( ! columns spr+ ! leaves ( ! sacr$ lotus1 & ! d>k-blue ceil+ is spangl$ ) />s1 betwe5 ! w+s ( ! div9e emblem4 ,! sculptures are all 9 rais$ relief1 & !re is no /one 9 ! temple )\t !m4 ,i c n expla9 to myself ! unusual emotion ,i felt :ile contemplat+ ?is wond]ful comb9ation ( a simple & sublime ar*itectural /yle ) ! utmo/ elaboration ( ornam5t4 ,my blood puls$ fa/ & w>m on my fir/ view ( ! ,roman =um1 b 9 ,d5d]a ,i 0 s sadd5$ & oppress$1 t ,i sc>cely d>$ speak = fe> ( betray+ an unmanly weakness4 ,! portico op5s into a hall1 support$ by six beautiful columns1 ( small] proportions1 & light$ by a squ>e ap]ture 9 ! solid ro(4 ,on ei!r side are *amb]s connect$ ) dim & l(ty passages1 & beyond is ! sanctu>y & v>i\s o!r ap>tm5ts1 :i* receive no light f )\t4 ,we exam9$ _! sculptures by ! aid ( tor*es1 & our ,arab att5dants k9dl$ l>ge fires ( dry corn-/alks1 :i* ca/ a /rong r$ light on ! walls4 ,! temple is devot$ to ,a?or1 ! ,egyptian ,v5us1 & h] image is ev]y:]e se51 receiv+ ! homage ( h] wor%ip]s4 ,ev5 ! d>k /aircase1 lead+ to ! ro(1 up :i* we climb$ ov] heaps ( s& & rubbi%1 is decorat$ ?r\gh\t ) processions ( symbolical figures4 ,! draw+ has little ( t grotesque /iffness :i* ,i expect$ to f9d 9 ,egyptian sculptures1 & ! execution is s admirable 9 its gradations ( light & %ade1 z to resemble1 at a little di/ance1 a mono*romatic pa9t+4 ,! antiqu>ians view ^! rema9s ) little int]e/1 z !y date f ! comp>atively rec5t era ( ! ,ptolemies1 at :i* "t sculpture & ar*itecture 7 on ! decl9e4 ,we1 :o _h se5 no?+ else ( ! k9d1 7 *>m$ ) ! grace & elegance ( ?is sumptu\s mode ( decoration4 ,"p ( ! temple 0 built by ,cleopatra1 ^: portrait1 ) t ( h] son ,cs>ion1 may /ill be se5 on ! ext]ior wall4 ,! face ( ! colossal figure has be5 ne>ly de/roy$1 b !re is a small] "o1 ^: s(t1 voluptu\s outl9e is /ill suffici5t evid5ce ( ! ju/ness ( h] r5[n4 ,! pr(ile is exquisitely beautiful4 ,! =ehead & nose approa* ! ,greek /&>d1 b ! m\? is m r\ndly & delicately curv$1 & ! *9 & *eek are full]4 ,7 su* an outl9e made pla/ic1 7 ! blank face color$ ) a pale olive hue1 ?r\gh :i* %\ld blu% a fa9t1 rosy t+e1 light$ ) bold black eyes & irradiat$ ) ! lightn+ ( a passionate nature1 x w\ld ev5 n[ #8move ! mighty he>ts ( capta9s & ( k+s4' ,besides ! temple1 !re are also ! rema9s ( a *apel ( ,isis1 ) a pylon1 erect$ by ,augu/us ,cs>1 & a small temple1 ne>ly :elm$ 9 ! s&1 suppos$ to be "o ( ! mammeisi1 or ly+-9 h\ses ( ! goddess ,a?or1 :o 0 honor$ 9 ?is =m1 on acc\nt ( hav+ giv5 bir? to ! ?ird memb] ( ! div9e triad40 ,,! ,,temples ,,( ,,h]montis ,,& ,,( ,,esneh4 ,pass+ up ! ,nile1 on ! same side ( x1 & ne>ly opposite ,luxor & ,k>nak1 is ! village ( ,erm5t1 ! anci5t ,h]montis1 :i* is /ill grac$ ) a small temple to ! goddess ,reto4 8,! gr\p ( pill>s 9 ! out] c\rt10 says ,taylor1 8*>m$ u by ! ri*ness & v>iety ( _! designs4 ,no two capitals are ( simil> patt]n1 :ile 9 _! comb9ations ( ! papyrus1 ! lotus & ! palm-leaf1 !y h>monize "o ) ano!r & z a :ole4 ,! abacus1 betwe5 ! capital & ! ar*itrave1 is s high z almo/ to resemble a second %aft4 ,9 ,k>nak & ! ,memnonium x is n>r[1 & lifts ! pond]\s beam j en\gh to prev5t its oppress+ ! lightness ( ! capital4 ,i 0 s delight$ ) ! pill>s ( ,h]montis t ,i sc>cely knew :e!r to call ?is peculi>ity a grace or a defect4 ,i h nev] se5 x employ$ 9 mod]n ar*itecture1 & judge !re=e t x has ei!r be5 condemn$ by our rules or t our ar*itects h n ! skill & d>+ ( ! ,egyptians4 ,we rea*$ ,esneh ! same night1 b 7 oblig$ to rema9 all ! next day 9 ord] to all[ our sailors to bake _! bread4 ,we employ$ ! "t 9 visit+ ! temple1 ! only remnant ( ! anci5t ,latopolis1 & ! palace ( ,abbas ,pa%a1 on ! bank ( ! ,nile4 ,! portico ( ! temple1 half buri$ 9 rubbi%1 l t ( ,d5d]a1 :i* x resembles 9 design1 is exce$+ly beautiful4 ,ea* ( its tw5ty-f\r columns is cr[n$ ) a diff]5t capital1 s *a/e & elegant 9 _! execution t x is impossible to give any "o ! pref]5ce4 ,! designs are mo/ly copi$ f ! d\m-palm1 ! date-palm1 & ! lotus1 b ! cane1 ! v9e1 & v>i\s wat]-plants are also introduc$4 ,! build+ dates f ! "t ( ! ,ptolemies1 & its sculptures are un9t]e/+4 ,we devot$ all our "t to ! /udy ( ! capitals1 a labyr9? ( beauty1 9 :i* we 7 soon entangl$4 ,! gov]nor ( ,esneh1 a mo/ fri5dly & agreeable ,arab1 accompani$ u ?r\gh ! temple1 & po9t$ out all ! fi%es1 birds & crocodiles he c\ld f9d1 to him ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+s 9 x40 ,! same day !y also visit$ ! rock tombs ( ,el-,kab1 ! anci5t ,eleu?yas1 :i* are among ! mo/ curi\s 9 ,egypt4 8,!re are a l>ge numb] ( ^!1 b only two are wor? visit+1 on acc\nt ( ! light :i* !y ?r[ on ! social life ( ! ,egyptians4 ,! own] ( ! tomb & 8 wife1 a r$ man & a yell[ woman1 are "h se51 receiv+ ! delight$ gue/s4 ,seats are giv5 !m1 & ea* is pres5t$ ) an aromatic fl[]1 :ile ! s]vants 9 ! kit*5 ha/5 to prep>e savory di%es4 ,9 o!r comp>tm5ts1 all ! mo/ m9ute processes ( agriculture are repres5t$ ) wond]ful fidelity4 ,s little *ange has tak5 place 9 ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 t !y w\ld answ]1 ) sc>cely a correction1 z illu/rations ( ! ,fellah agriculture ( mod]n ,egypt40 ,! nor!rn "p ( ,nubia ab\nds 9 ,egyptian rema9s1 su*1 = example1 z ! temples ( ,dabod1 ,kalab%ee1 ,dakkeh1 ,d5door1 ,sebooa1 c41 c42 & ! :ole valley ( ! ,nile is fill$ ) ! ru9s ( cities ^: names h h>dly surviv$ _! ov]?r[4 ,notic+ b two or ?ree m ( ^! ru9s1 we w !n pass on to o!r !mes4 ,,abydos1 ,,& ,,! ,,temple ,,( ,,memnon4 ,abydos 0 ! reput$ burial-place ( ,osiris1 "o ( ! mo/ sacr$ gods ( anci5t ,egypt4 ,accord+ to ,/rabo1 x =m]ly held ! next rank to ,!bes1 & judg+ f its ru9s1 ,wilk9son ?9ks x yield$ to few cities 9 upp] ,egypt 9 size & magnific5ce4 ,go+ t[>d x f ,girgeh1 says ,?ompson1 8we came ^u a m\nd ( s& & du/1 & brok5 bricks & pott]y1 /rew$ ov] ) blea*+ human bones1 & asc5d+ ?is = sev]al rods1 & to an elevation ( ab\t sixty feet1 we came out ^u ! massive blocks ( /one t =m ! ro( ( ! old temple-palace ( ,memnon4 ,"h1 crawl+ ^u our h&s & knees1 we got "u ! ro( f> en\gh to see t x cov]s two l>ge halls support$ by r[s ( massive columns1 ^: capitals are 9 ! =m ( ! lotus bud1 /ill di/9ctly pres]v$4 ,! walls1 z f> z c\ld be se51 are cov]$ ) sculptures1 among :i* ! ibis frequ5tly recurs2 !re are also c]emonial processions & battle sc5es1 su* z are usually depict$ 9 ! sculptures ( ,egyptian temples4 ,no d\bt1 if ?is temple %\ld be excavat$1 x w\ld be "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable monum5ts 9 ,egypt4 ,x dates back ne>ly f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,! =mation ( ! ro( 0 peculi>4 ,l>ge blocks ( /one 7 laid endwise f "o r[ ( columns to ! o!r1 & !n an ar* 0 holl[$ out ( ?is solid masonry1 /ill leav+ a ro( two feet 9 ?ickness at its c5t]4 ,! /ones 7 s nicely adju/$1 t !y fitt$ closely )\t cem5t4 ,! ceil+ 0 /udd$ ) />s1 & ) sculptures beautifully color$4 ,i h n se5 9 ,egypt m exquisite workman%ip4 ,yet ! visitor is doom$ to disappo9tm5t ?r\gh ! great difficulty ( access to ! temple1 9 consequ5ce ( ! drift+ 9 ( ! s& f ! des]t & ! neighbor+ m\nta9s4 ,ne> by is ano!r temple1 also inaccessible1 ! temple ( ,osiris1 built by ! great ,remeses1 & enri*$ ) alaba/] walls1 "s fragm5ts ( :i* may yet be f\nd4 ,! neighbor+ m\nta9s are fill$ ) tombs1 "s ( :i* are ne>ly f\r ?\s& ye>s old4 ,ev]y?+ indicates t "h 0 ! site ( a great city1 a city ( weal?1 population & p[]1 enri*$ ) trophies ( conque/ & monum5ts ( religion4 ,b ^! buri$ temples alone rema91 & ! ,arabs1 :o n[ squat 9 _! rags ^u ! top ( ! spl5did sanctu>y ( ,osiris1 h giv5 to ! place ! expressive "n ( #8,! ,buri$4'0 ,,! ,,temples ,,( ,,ab\ ,,simbel4 ,pass+ up ! ,nile to ab\t latitude tw5ty-two degrees1 on its we/ side1 ne>ly up to ! second cat>act1 we come to ! temples ( ,ab\ ,simbel4 ,rea*+ ! bank ( ! riv] ab\t midnight1 ! travel] we h s (t5 quot$ tells u3 8,z ,i 0 awak5$ f a deep sleep by ! %ock ( ! boat /rik+ ! %ore1 ,i saw a huge wall ( rock be=e me1 aga9/ :i* six enorm\s /atues lean$ z !y look$ f deep ni*es cut 9 its front4 ,_! solemn faces 7 t\*$ by ! moon1 :i* %one full on ! cliff1 & only _! feet 7 wrapp$ 9 %ad[4 ,! l9es ( deep-cut hi]oglyphics ov] ! portal ( ?is rocky temple 7 also fill$ ) %ad[1 & pa9t$ legibly on ! gray1 moonlit rock4 ,bel[ !m yawn$ ! door1 a squ>e ( complete d>kness4 ,a little to ! left1 ov] a long drift ( s& t slop$ f ! summit ( ! cliff ne>ly to ! wat]'s edge1 pe]$ ! mit]$ head ( a /atue ( /ill m colossal proportions4 ,i gaz$ on ?is broad1 dim1 & wond]ful picture = a mom5t1 s aw$ by its maje/y t ,i did n ask myself :]e nor :at x 04 ,?is is "s gr& ,egyptian dream1 0 my fir/ ?\ght1 & ,i clos$ my eyes = a few seconds1 to see :e!r x w\ld vani%4 ,b x /ood fa/ & sil5t z ev]1 & ,i knew x to be ,ab\ ,simbel4 ,my s]vants all slept1 & ! ras & boys noiselessly moor$ ! boat to ! %ore1 & !n lay d[n & slept also4 ,/ill ,i lay1 & ! great /atues look$ solemnly d[n ^u me1 & ! moon pa9t$ _! k+ly nom5s & bann]s ) yet d>k] di/9ctness on ! gray rock4 ,9 ! morn+1 ,i f\nd t we lay at ! foot ( ! small] temple4 ,i quietly wait$ = my cup ( c(fee1 = ! morn+ reality 0 inf9itely less gr& ?an my vision ( ! night4 ,i !n climb$ to ! door & ent]$4 ,! int]ior is n l>ge nor impos+1 aft] "o has se5 ! temples ( ,egypt4 ,! ext]ior1 h[ev]1 is on su* a colossal scale1 t1 not)/&+ ! want ( proportion 9 ! diff]5t /atues1 ! effect is v /rik+4 ,! l>ge/ ones are ab\t ?irty-five feet high1 & n id5tical1 z are ^? ( ! great temple4 ,"o1 :o /&s ) "o leg advanc$1 :ile he holds a sword ) ! h&le press$ aga9/ 8 brea/1 is execut$ ) mu* m _s ?an is usually met ) 9 /atues ( ?is p]iod4 ,! sculptures ( ! int]ior are int]e/+1 & be+ ( ! "t ( ,remeses ! ,great1 ^: hi/ory !y illu/rate1 are execut$ ) mu* skill & labor4 ,! head ( ! goddess ,a?or1 on ! face ( ! columns 9 ! hall1 is mu* less beautiful ?an t ( ! same goddess at ,d5d]a4 ,x is1 9 fact1 almo/ broad & di/ort$ en\gh to repres5t ! g5ius ,typhon4 8,! front ( ! great temple is n p>allel to t ( ! o!r1 nor does x face ! riv]1 :i* "h fl[s 9 a nor?-ea/ c\rse4 ,! l9e ( ! cliff is brok5 betwe5 ! two1 s t ! figures ( ! great ,remeses1 seat$ on ea* side ( ! door1 look to ! ea/1 ! direction ( ! l9e ( ! face be+ ne>ly nor?4 ,?r\gh ! gap 9 front1 ! s&s h p\r$ d[n f ! des]t beh9d1 almo/ :olly fill+ up ! space betwe5 ! two cliffs2 & ?\gh s9ce ! temple 0 fir/ op5$1 9 #ahag1 x has be5 cle>$ ne>ly to ! base m ?an once1 ! rapid accumulation ( s& has aga9 almo/ clos$ ! entrance4 ,! s\!rn colossus is only buri$ ab\t half-way to ! knee1 b ( ! two nor!rn ones !re is little else to be se5 except ! heads4 ,obscur$ z is ! effect ( ?is gr& front1 x is /ill )\t p>allel 9 ! _w4 ,i _h n ?\ght x possible t 9 /atues ( su* enorm\s magnitude !re c\ld be su* s+ul> beauty ( expression4 ,! face ( ,remeses1 ! same 9 ea*1 is und\bt$ly a portrait1 z x resembles ! faces ( ! /atues 9 ! int]ior1 & ^? ( ! k+ 9 o!r places4 ,besides1 !re is an individuality 9 "s ( ! features :i* is too m>k$ to repres5t any g5]al type ( ! ,egyptian head4 ,! fullness ( ! droop+ eyelid1 :i* yet does n cov] ! l>ge1 oblong ,egyptian eye2 ! nose1 at fir/ slightly incl9+ to ! aquil9e1 b curv+ to ! r\nd1 broad no/rils2 ! g5]\s bread? ( ! calm lips1 & ! placid1 s]5e expression ( ! face1 are wor?y ( ! conqu]or ( ,africa & ! build] ( ,k>nak & ,m$e5et ,ab\4 ,! /atue next ! door1 on ! s\!rn side1 has be5 %iv]$ to ! ?rone on :i* x is seat$1 & ! fragm5ts are n to be se51 except a few :i* lie ^u ! knees4 ,! great doorway ( ! temple is s *ok$ up ) s&1 t ,i 0 oblig$ to creep 9 on my knees4 ,! sun by ?is "t _h ris5 exactly to ! only po9t :]e x c illum9e ! int]ior2 & ! rays1 tak+ a m yell[ hue f ! rock & s& on :i* !y fell1 %one d[n ! long drift betwe5 ! d\ble r[ ( colossal /atues1 & light$ up ! entrance to ! second hall ( ! temple4 ,i sat d[n 9 ! s&1 aw$ & half fright5$ by ! s+ul> appe>ance ( ! place4 ,! sun%9e1 fall+ obliquely on ! s&s1 /ruck a dim reflection aga9/ ! sculptur$ ro(1 & ev5 light$ up ! fur!/ recesses ( ! gr& hall suffici5tly to %[ its impos+ dim5sions4 ,eight squ>e pill>s1 f\r on ei!r side ( ! c5tral aisle1 seem to uphold ! ro(1 & on _! inn] sides1 fac+ ea* o!r1 are eight /atues ( ! k+4 ,! features ( all are pres]v$1 & h some?+ ( ! grace & s]5ity1 ?\gh n ! maje/y1 ( ! great /atues outside4 ,!y look into ea* o!r's eyes1 ) an et]nal "q on _! fix$ c\nt5ances1 b none c give answ]4 ,!re 0 some?+ s /]n & /range 9 ^! eight faces1 t ,i felt a %udd] ( fe> creep ov] me4 ,! /rong arms are all cross$ on _! brea/s1 & ! h&s hold v>i\s sacr$ & regal symbols1 conspicu\s among :i* is some?+ resembl+ a flail1 :i* "o sees (t5 9 ,egyptian sculpture4 ,i ?\ght ( a m>vel\s /ory ,i once read1 9 :i* a g5ie1 arm$ ) a braz5 flail1 /&s at ! entrance ( an en*ant$ ca/le1 cru%+ ) ! /roke ( 8 t]rible weapon all :o come to seek ! treasure )94 ,= a mom5t ! *ildi% fai? 9 ! sup]natural 0 z /rong z ev]1 & ,i look$ at ! gloomy entrance beyond1 wi%+ to ent]1 b fe>+ ! /ony flails ( ! t]rible ,remesi on ei!r h&4 ,! faces 7 once p>tially color$1 & ! black eyeball1 /ill rema9+ on ! blank eye ( /one1 gives !m an expression ( /upor1 ( dea? 9 life1 :i* acc\nt$ to me = ! n]v\s %ock ,i exp]i5c$ on ent]+4 8,!re is no?+ 9 ,egypt :i* c be lik5$ to ! great temple ( ,ab\-,simbel4 ,k>nak is gr&]1 b its gr&eur is human4 ,?is belongs r to ! sup]human fancies ( ! ,ea/--! halls ( ! ,afrites--or to ! realm ( ! de?ron$ ,titans1 ( e>ly ,greek my?ology4 ,?is impression is n dim9i%$1 on pass+ ! second hall & corridor1 & ent]+ ! adytum1 or sacr$ *amb] ( ! temple4 ,!re ! granite alt> yet /&s 9 ! c5t]1 be=e ! unde/roy$ figures ( ! gods1 :o1 seat$ side by side1 calmly await ! (f]+s ( _! wor%ip]s4 ,! peculi> individuality ( ea* deity is /rik+ly %[n 9 ^! l>ge /atues1 & _! attitude is mu* less con/ra9$ ?an 9 ! sitt+ /atues 9 ! tombs ( ,!bes4 ,^! look z if !y c\ld rise1 if !y w\ld4 ,! walls are cov]$ ) sculptures ( !m & ( ! contempl> deities1 9 ! gr&1 bold /yle ( ! age ( ,remeses4 ,"s visitors _h left a supply ( dry palm-bran*es ne> ! entrance1 & ( ^! ,i made tor*es1 :i* blaz$ & crackl$ fi]cely1 fl>+ ) a ri* r$ light on ! sculptur$ & pa9t$ walls4 ,!re 0 suffici5t to enable me to exam9e all ! small] *amb]s1 ( :i* !re are eight or n9e1 cut lat]ally into ! rock1 )\t any attempt at symmetry ( =m1 or regul>ity ( arrangem5t4 ,sev]al ( !m h seats runn+ ar\nd ?ree sides1 exactly l ! divans 9 mod]n ,egyptian h\ses4 ,!y 7 probably design$ = ! ap>tm5ts ( ! prie/s or s]vants connect$ ) ! temple4 ,! sculptures on ! walls ( ! gr& hall are1 aft] ^? ( ,m$e5et ,ab\1 & on ! ext]ior wall ( ,k>nak1 ! mo/ int]e/+ ,i h se5 9 ,egypt4 ,on ! end wall1 on ei!r side ( ! entrance1 is a colossal bass-relief1 repres5t+ ,remeses slay+ a gr\p ( captive k+s1 :om he holds by ! hair ( _! heads4 ,!re are t5 or twelve 9 ea* gr\p1 & ! features1 ?\gh !y are n color$1 exhibit ! same di/9ction ( race z ,i _h previ\sly rem>k$ 9 ,belzoni's tomb1 at ,!bes4 ,!re is ! negro1 ! ,p]sian1 ! ,jew1 & "o o!r =m ( c\nt5ance :i* ,i c\ld n make out1 all implor+ ) uplift$ h&s ! m]cy ( ! conqu]or4 ,on ! s\!rn wall1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! negro & ! ,egyptian is made /ill m obvi\s by ! color+ ( ! figures4 ,9 fact1 ,i see no reason :atev] to d\bt t ! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( ! diff]5t races ( m5 7 z /rongly m>k$ 9 ! days ( ,remeses z at pres5t4 ,! sculptures on ! side walls ( ! temple repres5t ! w>s ( ,remeses1 :o1 z at ,m$e5et ,ab\1 /&s 9 a *>iot :i* two horses at full spe$ :irl into ! ranks ( ! enemy4 ,! k+ dis*>ges 8 arr[s aga9/ !m1 & directly 9 front ( him a *>iote]1 mortally w\nd$1 is hurl$ f 8 ov]?r[n *>iot4 ,! gr\ps are *isel$ ) great _s & boldness2 ! figures ( ! k+ & 8 horses are full ( life4 ,t[]+ ov] all1 z well by 8 sup]ior proportions z by ! maje/y & c\rage ( 8 attitude1 ,remeses /&s erect & motionless amid ! %ock & j> & riot ( battle4 ,!re is no exultation 9 8 face2 only ! inflexible calmness ( de/9y4 ,i sp5t "s "t contemplat+ ^! gr& & rem>kable memorials ( ! greate/ age ( ,egypt1 & left ) my feel+ = ,egyptian art ev5 /rong] ?an be=e40 ,,! ,,riv] ,,nile4 8,) annual pomp1 ,ri* k+ ( floods6 o'erfl[s ! swell+ ,nile60--,,?ompson4 ,?\gh ! riv] ,nile is prop]ly to be classifi$ ) ! wond]s ( nature1 r ?an ) ^? ( art1 yet z x is s intimately & con/antly associat$ ) ! wond]ful ru9s t ev]y:]e l9e its banks1 x may be well to notice x be=e pass+ f ! wond]s ( ,egypt & ( ! regions s\? ( x4 ,?is celebrat$ riv]1 :i* divides ,egypt into two p>ts1 & passes on s\? ?r\gh ,nubia1 ,e?iopia1 c41 is =m$ ma9ly by two /reams1 ! ,blue ,nile & ! ,:ite ,nile4 ,! ,blue ,nile1 ! s\rces ( :i* 7 discov]$ by ,bruce1 rises ne> latitude elev5 degrees nor?1 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,godjam1 on ! s\?-we/]n fronti] ( ,abyss9ia1 & fl[s ) a w9d+ c\rse "s eight hundr$ miles to ,kh>t\m1 :]e x unites ) ! we/]n bran* ( ! riv]1 ?us =m+ ! ma9 /ream4 ,! s\rces ( ! ,:ite ,nile 7s call$ f ! light br[n1 muddy color ( its wat]s1 z ! ,blue is f ! d>k blui%-gre5 ( its /ream7 are z yet undiscov]$4 ,twelve hundr$ miles above its junction1 & ?irty-?ree hundr$ above ! ,m$it]ranean1 x is /ill a broad & p[]ful /ream1 ( ^: s\rce ev5 ! tribes t dwell 9 ^? f> (f regions are ignorant4 ,taylor is confid5t1 t :5 its hidd5 f\nta9s %all at la/ be rea*$1 & ! problem ( tw5ty c5turies solv$1 ! entire l5g? ( ! ,nile w be f\nd to be n less ?an f\r ?\s& miles1 & t x w take rank ) ! ,mississippi & ! ,amazon1 z "o ( ! ?ree great /reams ( ! _w4 ,9 "s respects1 he says1 8!re is a /rik+ resemblance betwe5 ! ,nile & ! =m] riv]4 ,! ,miss\ri is ! true ,mississippi1 roll+ ! l>ge/ flood1 & giv+ its color to ! m+l$ /reams4 ,s ! ,:ite ,nile1 :i* is broad & turbid1 pollutes ! cle> blue flood t has usurp$ 8 "n & dignity4 ,9 spite ( :at geograph]s may say1 & !y are /ill f> f be+ unit$ on ! subject1 ! ,blue ,nile is n ! true ,nile4 ,!re1 at ! po9t ( junction1 8 volume ( wat] is great]1 b he is fre% f ! m\nta9s & con/antly f$ by l>ge1 unfail+ afflu5ts1 :ile ! ,:ite ,nile has roll$ = m ?an a ?\s& miles on ne>ly a dead level1 ?r\gh a por\s1 alluvial soil1 9 :i* he loses m wat] ?an he br+s ) him40 ,! two riv]s meet at "r angles1 b d n m+le _! wat]s till !y h roll$ "s eight or t5 miles 9 _! common b$4 ,bo? riv]s are ( ab\t ! same bread? at ! po9t ( conflu5ce1 b ! curr5t ( ! ,blue bran* is ! /ronge/4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 ! native boatm5 speak ( ! ,blue riv] z he1 & ( ! ,:ite z %e4 ,& x is rem>kable t ! "n ,nile1 :i* is nev] he>d 9 ,egypt1 7:]e ! riv] is call$ el-bahr1 8! sea107 is reta9$ 9 ,e?iopia1 & !re appli$ to ! ,blue ,nile1 probably = ! same reason4 ,! ,:ite ,nile has be5 trac$ up by ,dr4 ,knoble*] & 8 associates fur!r ?an by any "o be=e him4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahej1 he pass$ ! fur!/ po9t rea*$ by any previ\s exp$ition2 & on ! sixte5? ( t mon? rea*$ ! village ( ,logwek1 :i* takes its "n f a solit>y granite peak ab\t six hundr$ feet high1 :i* /&s on ! left bank ( ! ,nile4 ,?is is 9 latitude f\r degrees & t5 m9utes nor?1 & is ! mo/ s\!rn po9t :i* has yet be5 rea*$ on ! ,:ite ,nile4 ,dr4 ,knoble*] asc5d$ ! m\nta91 :i* comm&$ a view ( almo/ ! entire ,b>i c\ntry4 ,t[>d ! s\?-we/ ! riv] w\nd out ( sight betwe5 ! m\nta9s ,rego & ,kidi1 ne> :i* is ! m\nta9 ( ,k]eg1 conta9+ ri* iron m9es :i* are work$ by ! natives2 & to ! s\?1 on ! v v]ge ( ! horizon1 rose a long range ( hills1 ^: =ms c\ld n be obs]v$ ) exactness1 ow+ to ! great di/ance4 ,beyond ! ,logwaya range1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ea/1 dwell ! ,b]ri tribes1 ^: language is di/9ct f ! ,b>is1 & :o are neighbors ( ! ,gallas1 t w>like race1 ^: doma9 ext5ds f ,abyss9ia to ! wilds ( ,mozambique1 along ! great c5tral plateau ( ,uniamesi4 ,! natives ( ,logwek knew no?+ :atev] ( ! c\ntry to ! s\?4 ,! fur!/ m\nta9 range 0 probably "u ! p>allel ( latitude ?ree degrees nor?1 s t ! ,:ite ,nile has n[ be5 trac$ ne>ly to ! equator4 ,at ,logwek1 x 0 ab\t six hundr$ & fifty feet wide1 & f five to eight feet deep1 at ! "t ( ,dr4 ,knoble*]'s visit1 :i* 0 dur+ ! dry season4 ,su* an abundance ( wat] all[s u to e/imate ) tol]able c]ta9ty ! di/ance to its unkn[n s\rces1 :i* mu/ und\bt$ly lie beyond ! equator4 ,! great sn[ m\nta9 ( ,kilim&j>1 discov]$ 9 #ahej by ,dr4 ,krapf1 ! ,g]man mission>y1 on 8 j\rney inl& f ,mombas1 on ! coa/ ( ,zanzib>1 has be5 locat$ by geograph]s 9 latitude ?ree degrees s\?4 ,x is !re=e mo/ probable t ! s\rce ( ! ,:ite ,nile w be f\nd 9 ! range ( m\nta9s1 ( :i* ,kilim&j> is ! cr[n+ apex4 ,! geograph] ,b]ghaus1 9 a long & labor$ article1 endeavors to prove t ! ,gazelle riv] is ! true ,nile1 & makes x rise 9 ! great lake ,n',yassi1 9 latitude ?irte5 degrees s\?4 ,dr4 ,knoble*]1 h[ev]1 :o exam9$ ! ,bahr el-,ghazl at its m\?1 says x is an unimportant /ream1 ) a sc>cely p]ceptible curr5t4 ,he consid]s ! ,:ite ,nile z be+1 beyond all "q1 ! true riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,nilomet]4 ,foll[+ ! riv] on to its m\?1 ! great] "p ( l[] ,egypt is conta9$ 9 a triangul> isl&1 =m$ by ! ,m$it]ranean sea1 & ! two great bran*es ( ! ,nile1 :i* divid+ itself five or six miles f ,old ,cairo1 fl[s on ! "o side to ! nor?-ea/1 fall+ into ! sea at ,damietta2 :ile ! o!r bran* runs to ! nor?-we/1 & ent]s ! sea at ,rosetta4 ,:at is call$ ! ,delta1 resembl+ ! ,greek lett] ( t "n1 & con/itut+ a triangle1 is ?us =m$4 ,! wat] ( ! ,nile is "h1 = ! mo/ "p1 ?ick & muddy1 m p>ticul>ly :5 ! riv] is swoll5 by ! heavy ra9s :i* con/antly fall )9 ! tropics 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! summ] season1 & :i* are d\btless ! pr9cipal cause ( its ov]fl[+ ! l[ l&s ( ,egypt4 ,a simil> ph5om5on is f\nd 9 ! ,ganges2 & x is ! same ) all ! riv]s :i* h ei!r _! rise or c\rse )9 ! tropics3 !y annually break _! b\nds1 & cov] ! l&s = _m miles on ea* side1 be=e !y rea* ! sea4 ,!y likewise leave prolific mud1 :i*1 l t ( ! ,nile1 f]tilizes ! l&2 beside :i*1 ! nor? w9ds prevail+ ab\t ! latt] end ( ,may1 drive 9 ! wat]s f ! sea1 & keep back ^? ( ! riv]1 9 su* a mann] z consid]ably to assi/ ! swell4 ,! ,egyptians1 & ! ,copts m especially1 are p]suad$ t ! ,nile always beg9s to rise on ! same day ( ! ye>2 z1 inde$1 x g5]ally comm5ces ab\t ! same "t 9 ,june4 ,its rise 0 obs]v$ = ?ree successive ye>s by ,dr4 ,pococke1 :o f\nd x to asc5d dur+ ! fir/ five days f five to t5 in*es2 & x ?us cont9u$ ris+ till x _h atta9$ ! hight ( n9e feet1 :5 ! canal ( ,cairo 0 cut4 ,x !n rose f ?ree to five in*es only 9 ! day2 =1 hav+ spread ov] ! l& & ent]$ ! canal1 al?\gh m wat] might h desc5d$ ?an be=e1 its rise 0 less consid]able4 ,! o!r canals 7 n[ laid op5 at /at$ times1 & ^? :i* wat] ! l[] gr\nds ! la/4 ,^! canals are c>ri$ along ! highe/ p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 s t f _! elevation ! wat] may be convey$ to ! valleys4 ,s important is ?is matt] ( ! rise & fall ( ! riv] to ! :ole c\ntry1 t a ?9 column or pill>1 call$ ! ,nilomet]1 has be5 erect$1 to m>k ! elevation or depression ( its wat]s4 ,a view ( x is giv5 9 ! cut foll[+4 ,x is situat$ 9 ! middle ( a r\nd t[]1 on ! isl& ( ,rhoda1 n f> f ,cairo1 9 ! middle ( ! riv]4 ,9 ?is t[] is a m>ble ci/]n1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,nile fl[s2 its bottom & ! bottom ( ! riv] be+ on ! same level4 ,f ! c5t] ( ?is ci/]n rises a sl5d] pill>1 z se5 9 ! engrav+1 m>k$ (f into tw5ty divisions ( tw5ty in*es ea*2 ! entire space m>k$ on ! column be+ some:at m ?an ?irty-six feet4 ,?is column is ( ! greate/ int]e/ to ! p1 z connect$ ) _! prospects ( a h>ve/2 & ( ! greate/ importance to ! gov]nm5t1 z enabl+ x to fix ! tribute1 or tax1 accord+ to ! hight ( ! inundation4 ,! t[] 9 :i* x is plac$1 is light$ by "s eighte5 or tw5ty w9d[s1 :i* =m a belt ar\nd ! base ( ! dome2 & b5ea? ^!1 & above ! ci/]n1 are rooms or ap>tm5ts = ^? :o come to see ! hight ( ! wat]s1 f :i* rooms a flight ( "s ?irty /one /eps leads to ! m>ble pavem5t 9 ! c5t] ( :i* ! ci/]n & ,nilomet] are plac$4 ,z soon z ! att5dants asc]ta9 t ! ov]fl[ w be su* z to f]tilize all ! l&1 ! l>ge canals are all op5$ ) great c]emony & rejoic+4 ,& z soon z ! wat]s retire aga9 f ! fields1 !y are s[n ) all k9ds ( gra91 s t 9 a %ort space ( "t ! :ole face ( ! c\ntry is v>iegat$ ) ! ri* hues ( ! fl[]+ plants & ! rip5+ gra94 ,! ,nile has "o peculi> *>act]i/ic4 ,o!r riv]s be+ suppli$ by rivulets1 ! gr\nd is l[e/ ne> _! banks2 b z no wat] fl[s into ! ,nile 9 its passage ?r\gh\t ,egypt1 & z x is necess>y t ?is riv] %\ld ov]fl[ ! l&1 ! c\ntry is g5]ally l[] at a di/ance f1 ?an ne> to x2 &1 9 mo/ p>ts1 ! l& has a gradual desc5t f ! riv] to ! foot ( ! hills1 :i* t]m9ate ! s&y pla9s mo/ b5efit$ by ! irrigation4 ,among o!r rem>kable appe>ances1 ! celebrat$ ,bruce notices a v s+ul> "o att5dant on ! inundation ( ! ,nile4 ,9 ,abyss9ia1 ! e>ly "p ( ! morn+ is con/antly cle> 9 t season1 ) a f9e sun%9e4 ,ab\t n9e1 a small cl\d1 n above f\r feet 9 app>5t bread?1 appe>s 9 ! ea/1 :irl+ viol5tly r\nd z if on an axis2 b hav+ approa*$ ne>ly to ! z5i?1 x fir/ abates its motion1 & !n loses its =m1 ext5d+ itself greatly1 & seem+ to call up vapors f all ! opposite qu>t]s4 ,! cl\ds ?us =m$ hav+ atta9$ ne>ly ! same hight1 ru% aga9/ ea* o!r ) great viol5ce1 & rem9d ! spectator ( ,eli%a =etell+ ra9 on ,m\nt ,c>mel4 ,! air be+ impell$ be=e ! heavie/ mass1 or swifte/ mov]1 makes an impression ( its =m on ! collection ( cl\ds opposite2 & ! mom5t x has tak5 possession ( ! space made to receive x1 ! mo/ viol5t ?und] possible to be conceiv$ foll[s in/antly1 att5d$ by ra94 ,aft] "s h\rs ! sky aga9 cle>s1 ) a w9d at nor?2 & x is always disagreeably cold :5 ! !rmomet] is bel[ sixty-?ree degrees4 ,dr4 ,cl>ke1 9 8 travels1 draws ! foll[+ elegant picture ( ?is mo/ int]e/+ riv]4 8,"h we 7 unexpect$ly greet$ ) an a/oni%+ view ( ! ,nile1 ! ,delta1 & ! num]\s groves 9 ! neighborhood ( ,rosetta4 ,! sc5e is beyond description4 ,! sudd5 contra/ x (f]s1 oppos$ to ! des]t we _h trav]s$1 ! display ( ri*es & abundance p\r$ =? by ! f]tility ( ?is ,african p>adise1 ) all ! local circum/ances ( reflection excit$ by an ext5sive prospect ( ! ,nile1 & ( ! pla9s ( ,egypt1 r5d] x "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ sights 9 ! _w4 ,! beautiful boats ( ! ,nile1 ) _! l>ge1 wide-spread+ sails1 7 pass+ up & d[n ! riv]4 ,unable to quit ! spot1 we dismiss$ our guides1 & rema9$ "s "t contemplat+ ! delightful picture4 ,aft]w>d1 desc5d+ on foot1 close by ! sup]b mosque ( ,abu-,m&ur1 we cont9u$ our walks along ! bank ( ! riv]1 ?r\gh g>d5s ri*] ?an imag9ation c portray1 b5ea? ! %ade ( enorm\s ov]hang+ bran*es ( sycamore & fig trees1 amid b[]s ( roses1 & ?r\gh groves ( date1 citron1 lime & banana trees1 to ,rosetta40 ,,! ,,b>rage1 ,,or ,,great ,,dam ,,( ,,! ,,nile4 ,we end our sket*es ( ,egypt1 & ! ,nile1 by a notice ( ! b>rage1 or great dam1 at ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,delta1 j bel[ :]e ! riv] divides into ! two great /reams :i* empty !mselves at ,rosetta on ! we/1 & ,damietta on ! ea/4 ,?is imm5se "w1 :i* is h>dly he>d ( out ( ,egypt1 is "o ( ! greate/ und]tak+s ( mod]n times4 ,x is no?+ less ?an a damm+ ( ! ,nile1 s z to hold back its wat]s & keep !m 9 res]ve1 till1 by lett+ !m out1 at ! prop] seasons1 two inundations may be produc$ ea* ye>1 & s ! crops d\bl$ ?r\gh\t ! ,delta4 ,?is great "w is n only project$1 b f> advanc$ t[>d completion4 ,ea* bran* ( ! riv] is to be spann$ by sixty-two ar*es1 besides a c5tral gateway n9ety feet 9 bread?1 & flank$ by l(ty /one t[]s4 ,! po9t ( ! ,delta1 betwe5 ! two dams1 is protect$ by a curta9 ( solid masonry1 & ! abutm5ts :i* x jo9s are =tifi$ by t[]s sixty or sev5ty feet 9 hight4 ,! pi]s h curv$ breakwat]s on ! upp] side1 :ile ! opposite p>apet ( ! ar*es rises high above !m1 s t ! dam consi/s ( ?ree successive t]races1 & pres5ts itself l a w$ge1 aga9/ ! =ce ( su* an imm5se body ( wat]4 ,! mat]ial is brick1 fac$ ) /one4 ,:5 complete1 x is int5d$ to close ! side ar*es dur+ l[ wat]1 leav+ only ! c5tral gateway op54 ,by ?is means suffici5t wat] w be ga9$ to fill all ! irrigat+ canals1 :ile a new *annel1 cut ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! ,delta1 w r5d] productive a va/ tract ( f]tile l&4 ,! project is a gr& "o1 & ! only ob/acle to its success is ! light1 por\s "* ( ! alluvial soil on :i* ! pi]s are f\nd$4 ,! und]tak+ 0 plann$ & comm5c$ by ,m4 ,l9ant1 & has be5 cont9u$ by o!r eng9e]s4 8,! ,egyptian boatm510 says ,taylor1 8h reason to compla9 ( ! b>rage4 ,! ma9 =ce ( ! riv] is p\r$ ?r\gh ! n>r[ space :]e9 ! pi]s h n yet be5 sunk1 :i* c n be pass$ )\t a /rong nor? w9d4 ,=ty or fifty boats 7 ly+ along ! %ore1 wait+ ! favorable mom5t4 ,we obta9$ p]mission f ! eng9e] to atta* our boat to a l>ge gov]nm5t b>ge1 :i* 0 to be drawn up by a /ation>y w9dlass4 ,z we put (f1 ! w9d fre%5$1 & we 7 sl[ly urg$ aga9/ ! curr5t to ! ma9 rapid1 & at la/ rea*$ smoo!r wat]1 & sail$ (f gaily = ,cairo40 ,,! ,,african ,,birds' ,,ne/4 ,be=e pass+ to ! ru9s ( "s ( ! cities ( antiquity1 we w\ld "h1 by way ( v>iety1 briefly describe ! wond]ful & curi\s ne/ ( ! 8sociable weav]s10 z !y are call$1 :i* ab\nd 9 "s p>ts ( ,africa2 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! engrav+ bel[4 ,hundr$s ( ^! birds1 9 "o community1 jo9 to =m a /ructure ( int]wov5 grass1 conta9+ v>i\s ap>tm5ts1 all cov]$ by a slop+ ro(1 :i* is ext5d$1 f ye> to ye>1 z ! increase ( _! numb]s may require4 ,a travel]1 hav+ exam9$ "o ( ^! huge ne/s1 f\nd x to consi/ ma9ly ( grass1 )\t any mixture1 b s firmly basket$ toge!r z to be imp5etrable to ! ra91 & ext5d+ l a canopy ov] all ! p>ticul> ne/s built by ! individual birds4 ,! "o he exam9$ conta9$ no less ?an ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty cells4 ,illu/ration3 ,,african ,,birds' ,,ne/4 ,return+ f ?is digression1 we n[ pass to ! notice ( "s ( ! ru9s ( ! cities ( antiquity2 & fir/ to ! ,,ru9s ,,( ,,palmyra4 ,?is noble city ( anci5t ,syria1 also call$ ,tadmor1 is ( unc]ta9 date & orig91 b is ?\ght by "s to h be5 ! 8,tadmor 9 ! wild]ness0 built by ,solomon4 ,! fir/ view ( ! city is exce$+ly magnific5t1 ! sn[-:ite appe>ance ( ! innum]able columns & build+s1 contra/+ /rik+ly ) ! yell[ s& ( ! des]t4 ,its ru9s are n to be comp>$1 z to ! size ( ! gates1 columns & temples1 ) ^? ( ,balbec or ,!bes2 b !y are m rem>kable = _! va/ ext5t1 & are less encumb]$ ) mod]n fabrics ?an mo/ anci5t rema9s4 ,!y consi/ ( temples1 palaces1 gateways & porticos ( ,grecian ar*itecture1 scatt]$ ov] an ext5t ( sev]al miles4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( !m is ! temple ( ! ,sun1 ! ru9s ( :i* ext5d ov] a squ>e ( m ?an two hundr$ y>ds4 ,! temple itself1 :i* po9ts nor? & s\?1 is ?irty-?ree y>ds 9 l5g? & ab\t f\rte5 9 wid?4 ,at its c5t]1 on ! we/ side1 is a magnific5t entry1 on ! rema9s ( :i* v9es & clu/]s ( grapes are c>v$ 9 a bold & ma/]ly imitation ( nature4 ,ov] ! door is a pair ( w+s1 ext5d+ ! :ole bread?4 ,its nor? extremity is adorn$ ) curi\s fret-"w & bass-relief1 & 9 ! c5t] is a dome1 or cupola1 ab\t t5 feet 9 diamet]1 ( solid /one4 ,to ! nor? ( ?is is an obelisk ( sev5 l>ge /ones1 :i* probably once support$ a /atue2 & ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile di/ant are o!rs simil> to x1 z if =m+ orig9ally "p ( a cont9u$ r[4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ paces f ! middle obelisk1 /raight =w>d1 is a magnific5t entry to a piazza1 =ty feet 9 bread? & m ?an half a mile 9 l5g?1 inclos$ ) two r[s ( m>ble pill>s tw5ty-six feet high1 & eight or n9e feet 9 compass4 ,( ^! !re /ill rema9 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e2 & by a mod]ate computation1 !re c\ld n h be5 orig9ally less ?an five hundr$ & sixty4 ,at ! we/ side ( ?is piazza are sev]al ap]tures = gates into ! c\rt ( ! palace1 ea* ( !m ornam5t$ ) f\r porphyry pill>s1 n /&+ 9 a l9e ) ^? ( ! wall1 b plac$ by c\ples 9 ! front ( ! gate fac+ ! palace1 two on ea* side4 ,two ( ^! only rema9 entire1 & "o only /&+ 9 its place4 ,!y are ?irty feet 9 l5g?1 & n9e 9 circumf]5ce4 ,on ! ea/ side ( ! piazza /& a great numb] ( m>ble pill>s1 "s p]fect1 b ! great] "p mutilat$4 ,9 "o place elev5 ( !m are rang$ 9 a squ>e1 ! space !y inclose be+ pav$ ) broad flat /ones1 b )\t any rema9s ( a ro(4 ,at a little di/ance are ! rema9s ( a small temple1 also )\t a ro(1 & hav+ its walls mu* defac$4 ,be=e ! entry1 :i* faces ! s\?1 is a piazza support$ by six pill>s1 two on ea* side ( ! door1 & "o at ea* end4 ,! p$e/als ( ^? 9 front h be5 fill$ ) inscriptions1 bo? 9 ! ,greek & ,palmyr5e languages1 :i* are become totally illegible4 ,among ^! ru9s are _m sepul*]s1 rang$ on ea* side ( a holl[ way t[>d ! nor? "p ( ! city1 & ext5d+ m ?an a mile2 "s be+ m]e heaps ( rubbi%2 o!rs half fall51 expos+ _! %att]$ *amb]s2 :ile "o or two rema9 almo/ entire4 ,!y are built 9 ! %ape ( squ>e t[]s1 f ?ree to f\r /ories 9 hight1 ea* =m+ a sepul*ral *amb]1 ) recesses divid$ into comp>tm5ts = ! reception ( ! bodies4 ,"s ( ! *amb]s are beautifully ornam5t$ ) ,cor9?ian pila/]s & sculptures1 almo/ 9 p]fect pres]vation1 execut$ 9 bold relief2 ! walls are ( :ite /ucco1 & ! ceil+s are divid$ into diamond-%ap$ comp>tm5ts1 delicately ornam5t$ ) :ite />s on a blue gr\nd2 :ile ov] ! doorways are inscriptions bo? 9 ! ,greek & ,palmyr5e languages4 ,! outsides are ( common /one2 b ! floors & p>titions ( ea* /ory are ( m>ble4 ,a walk crosses ! c5t] ( ?is range ( build+s1 & ! space on ea* side is subdivid$ by ?ick walls1 into six p>titions1 ! space betwe5 :i* is wide en\gh to receive ! l>ge/ corpse4 ,9 ^! ni*es six or sev5 are pil$ on "o ano!r4 ,,ru9s ,,( ,,balbec4 ,baal-bec1 or ,balbec1 is suppos$ by _m to be ! same z ,baal-a?1 built by ,solomon 9 ,lebanon1 z m5tion$ 9 ! eigh? *apt] ( ! second book ( ,*ronicles4 ,its magnific5t ru9s are describ$ by ,mr4 ,bruce z ev5 surpass+ :at he _h se5 at ,palmyra4 ,he 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck by ! spl5did ve/iges ( ! great temple1 suppos$ to h be5 d$icat$ to ! sun4 ,! ca/le ( ,balbec1 or t[] ( ,lebanon1 is describ$ by ,le&]1 a ,c>melite monk1 9 8 int]e/+ travels1 z a surpris+ monum5t ( antiquity1 built accord+ to ! tradition ( ! natives1 by ,solomon4 ,8 relation is z foll[s4 8,balbec is di/ant f ,damascus1 t[>d ! nor?1 ab\t fifty miles1 & on ! s\!rn side is wat]$ by spr+s & rivulets1 br\ght ?i!r1 no d\bt1 to fill ! dit*es by :i* x 0 to h be5 surr\nd$ = def5se1 b :i* 7 n complet$4 ,x is situat$ on ! l(ty summit ( a hill1 9 approa*+ :i* ! faade ( ! ca/le is se51 hav+ two t[]s at its "r angles1 betwe5 :i* is a great portico1 resembl+ ! m\? ( a va/ cave1 & provid$ ) v /rong walls4 ,t on ! "r h&1 by :i* ! portico is atta*$ to ! t[]1 f ! we/ to ! nor?1 is compos$ ( f\r /ones only1 ! fif?1 :i* 0 to h complet$ ! fabric1 be+ defici5t4 ,! l5g? ( ea* ( ^! /ones is n less ?an sixty-two feet1 & _! bread? & hight ?irte54 ,!y are s artfully br\ght toge!r1 )\t any cem5t1 t !y appe> to be only "o solid block4 ,! rema9d] ( ! wall to ! left is ( hewn /ones1 well cem5t$ ) quick-lime1 ! smalle/ ( :i* are six feet 9 l5g?1 & f\r feet & six in*es 9 hight3 !re are _m :i* are upw>d ( fifte5 feet 9 l5g?1 b ! hight ( all ( !m is ! same4 8,hav+ ent]$ ! cav]n by ! gr& portico1 ! travel] proce$s 9 obscurity to ! di/ance ( eighte5 paces1 :5 he at l5g? p]ceives a ray ( light proce$+ f ! ap]ture ( ! door :i* conducts to ! c5t]4 ,at ea* ( ! sides1 & )9 ?is gr& portico1 is a flight ( /one /eps :i* leads to ! subt]rane\s prisons4 ,_! aspect is horrid1 & !y 7 =m]ly dang]\s1 be+ frequ5t$ by b&itti & robb]s1 :o w\ld plund]1 kill1 & "h bury su* wret*$ travel]s z 7 imprud5tly l$ by _! curiosity to p5etrate1 & risk ! desc5t )\t be+ well escort$4 ,foll[+ ! road above1 by ! cav]n1 to ! ext5t ( fifty paces1 an ample area ( a sph]ical figure pres5ts itself1 surr\nd$ by maje/ic columns ( granite1 "s ( !m ( a s+le piece1 & o!rs =m$ ( two pieces1 ! :ole ( !m ( s l>ge a dim5sion1 t two m5 c ) difficulty girt !m4 ,!y are ( ! ,ionic ord] ( ar*itecture1 & are plac$ on bases ( ! same /one1 at su* di/ances f ea* o!r t a coa* & six might commodi\sly turn betwe5 !m4 ,!y support a flat t[] or ro(1 f :i* projects a cornice wr\ght ) figures ( mat*less workman%ip3 ^! rise above ! capitals ) s nice an union1 t ! eye c n di/+ui% ! place :]e !y are jo9$4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! great] "p ( ?is colonnade is de/roy$1 ! we/]n "p alone rema9+ p]fect & upright4 ,?is fabric has an elevation ( five hundr$ feet1 & is f\r hundr$ feet 9 l5g?4 ,9 its ext]ior1 & beh9d1 x is flank$ by two o!r t[]s simil> to ^? ( ! fir/ faade1 ! :ole project+ f ! wall1 :i* )9 is provid$ ) loop-holes1 to keep (f ! enemy1 9 case ( necessity1 by ! means ( /ones1 fire1 c4 ,x also surr\nds ! colonnade1 m p>ticul>ly 9 ! "p :i* looks t[>d ! ea/4 ,at ! left flank rises a temple1 :i* tradition says 0 ! hall ( audi5ce ( ,solomon1 9 hight at lea/ eighty feet1 & long & l>ge 9 proportion4 ,its /ones are all sculptur$ ) bass-reliefs1 simil> to ^? :i* ornam5t ,trajan's column at ,rome1 repres5t+ _m triumphs & naval engagem5ts4 ,sev]al ( ^! bass-reliefs h be5 defac$ by ! ,s>ac5s1 :o are ! decid$ enemies ( all sculptures4 ,)\t ?is gr& hall is an av5ue ( ! same size & bread?1 :]e ! travel] admires a l>ge portal con/ruct$ ) ?ree /ones only1 atta*$ to :i*1 9 ! middle "p1 s]v+ z an ar*itrave1 is se51 9 a g>l& ( laurel int]wov5 ) fl[]s1 a l>ge eagle admirably sculptur$ 9 bass-relief4 ,at ! sides ( ! portal are plac$ two columns1 9 "o ( :i*1 al?\gh =m$ ( a s+le /one1 is a w9d+ /aircase by :i* to asc5d to ! ar*itrave3 ! passage is h[ev] v n>r[4 ,!re is 9 ! vic9ity ano!r temple1 ( an octangul> %ape1 ) a portico ( sup]b ar*itecture1 & hav+ ?ree w9d[s on ! side opposite to ! =m]40 ,?ree times ,le&] return$ to visit ?is spl5did ve/ige ( antiquity2 & on ! la/ ( ^! occasions1 be+ well escort$1 he proce$$ to ! di/ance ( ab\t a mile1 to ! foot ( ! m\nta9s ( ,damascus1 :5ce ! /ones employ$ 9 its con/ruction 7 br\ght4 ,he measur$ ! /one :i* rema9$ !re1 & :i* has already be5 notic$ z hav+ be5 int5d$ = ! fif? 9 ! con/ruction ( ! wall3 x _h be5 hewn out on all sides1 0 ly+ on ! gr\nd1 & 0 simply atta*$ to ! rock at ! l[] "p4 ,its l5g? & dim5sions 7 su* t he c\ld n conceive h[ x w\ld h be5 possible to deta* x1 & /ill less ) :at ma*9es to move1 transport1 & raise x to ! hight at :i* o!r /ones are plac$1 m especially z ! sites1 ! roads1 & ! masses ( rock are su*1 z to exce$ 9 r\ghness & difficulty :atev] ! imag9ation c picture to itself4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ! cave :5ce ! /ones 7 drawn is a v beautiful sepul*] support$ by columns ( porphyry1 ov] :i* is a dome ( ! f9e/ symmetry1 & ( great beauty4 ,,ru9s ,,( ,,babylon4 ,! ru9s ( ,babylon are deeply int]e/+1 n only on acc\nt ( _! great antiquity1 b f ! associations connect$ ) !m4 ,!y h be5 visit$ & describ$ by ,mr4 ,ri*1 resid5t = ! ,ea/ ,india company at ,bagdad2 & ! result ( 8 rese>*es is giv5 by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,maurice1 au?or ( 8,indian ,antiquities10 & assi/ant libr>ian to ! ,briti% museum1 9 8 elaborate "w entitl$ 8,obs]vations connect$ ) ,a/ronomy & ,anci5t ,hi/ory1 ,sacr$ & ,pr(ane1 on ! ,ru9s ( ,babylon40 ,illu/ration3 ,,t[] ,,ne> ,,babylon4 ,babylon 0 situat$ 9 a pla9 ( va/ ext5t1 & bisect$ by ! noble riv] ,euphrates4 ,ov] ?is riv] 0 ?r[n a bridge ( massive masonry1 /rongly compact$ ) iron & lead1 by :i* ! two sides ( ! city 7 connect$2 & ! embankm5ts on ea* side1 to re/ra9 its curr5t1 7 l(ty1 & =m$ ( ! same durable mat]ials z ! walls ( ! city4 ,! city itself is repres5t$ by ,h]odotus to h be5 a p]fect squ>e1 inclos$ by a wall 9 circumf]5ce f\r hundr$ & eighty furlongs4 ,x is /at$ to h ab\nd$ 9 h\ses ?ree or f\r /ories 9 hight1 & to h be5 regul>ly divid$ into /reets1 runn+ p>allel to ea* o!r1 ) tranv]se av5ues occasionally op5+ to ! riv]4 ,x 0 surr\nd$ ) a wide & deep tr5*1 ! e>? dug out ( :i* 0 =m$ into squ>e bricks & bak$ 9 a furnace4 ,) ^!1 cem5t$ toge!r ) heat$ bitum51 int]mix$ ) re$s to b9d ! viscid mass1 ! sides ( ! tr5*es 7 l9$2 & ( ! same solid mat]ials ! walls ( ! va/ dim5sions above describ$ 7 =m$4 ,at c]ta9 regul> di/ances on !m1 wat*-t[]s 7 erect$2 & bel[ !y 7 divid$ & adorn$ ) a hundr$ imm5se gates ( brass4 ,z y float d[n ! riv] f ,bagdad1 y pass a pla9 t he>s ! "n ( ,dura1 :i* tradition says1 is ! v place :]e ,nebu*adnezz> set up ! gold5 image1 & comm&$ all to b[ d[n & wor%ip x3 x is n[ a wild]ness1 ) "h & !re a %apeless m\nd1 ! rema9s ( "s anci5t habitation4 ,& /ill fur!r d[n1 z y approa* ! city1 is a t[]1 "s two hundr$ feet high1 on ! ea/ bank ( ! riv]1 ) an asc5d+ way w9d+ r\nd x on ! outside1 l ! spiral ( a screw1 z se5 9 ! cut bel[1 rem9d+ ! travel] ( ! common ideal pictures ( ! t[] ( ,babel4 ,x m>ks ! site ( ! anci5t city ( ,sam>rah1 :]e ! ,roman army "u ,jovian re/$ aft] m>*+ & fight+ a long summ]'s day4 ,x 0 aft]w>d ! capital ( ! eigh? caliph ( ! ,abbasside dyna/y4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ea* ( ! gr& divisions ( ! city itself1 a /up5d\s public fabric 0 erect$4 ,9 "o 7! ea/]n side7 /ood ! temple ( ,belus1 & 9 ! o!r1 7or we/]n division17 9 a l>ge or /rongly =tifi$ inclosure1 ! royal palace1 int5d$1 d\btless1 = def5se z well z = ornam5t4 ,! temple ( ,belus 0 a squ>e pile1 on ea* side ( ! ext5t ( two furlongs4 ,! t[] erect$ 9 its c5t] 0 a furlong 9 bread?1 & z mu* 9 hight1 ! latt] ( :i* 7tak+ ! furlong at only five hundr$ feet7 is enorm\s1 be+ high]1 by tw5ty feet1 ?an ! great pyramid ( ,memphis4 ,on ?is t[]1 z a base1 sev5 o!r l(ty t[]s 7 erect$ 9 regul> succession2 & ! :ole 0 cr[n$1 we are told by ,diodorus1 ) a braz5 /atue ( ,belus1 =ty feet high6 ,! palace1 int5d$ also z a citadel1 0 erect$ on an area a mile & a half squ>e1 & 0 surr\nd$ ) ?ree va/ circul> walls1 :i*1 z we are in=m$ by ,diodorus ,siculus1 7 ornam5t$ ) sculptur$ animals resembl+ life1 ri*ly pa9t$ 9 _! natural colors on ! bricks ( :i* !y 7 compos$1 & aft]w>d burnt 94 ,?is may be m5tion$ z ne>ly ! e>lie/ specim5 ( enamel+ on record4 ,inde$1 x 0 sc>cely possible = a nation1 :o 7 s well practic$ 9 ! burn+ ( bricks ev5 to a vitre\s h>dness1 to h be5 ignorant ( ?is f9e art2 & t !y c\ld also engrave ^u !m1 is evid5t1 z we may soon see1 f ! *>act]s at ?is day sculptur$ ^u ^? t h be5 dug up & br\ght to ,europe1 _m ( :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% museum4 ,on ! f>-fam$ hang+ g>d5s1 & ! subt]rane\s vault or tunnel con/ruct$ by ,semiramis1 or ,nitocris1 or ! f\nd] ( ,babylon1 :oev] he 01 !re is no necessity to dilate1 z e trace ( !m1 except :at ! idle fancy ( travel]s has surmis$1 mu/ long s9ce h disappe>$2 b su*1 9 its g5]al outl9e1 0 ! mighty ,babylon--,,babylon ,,! ,,great4 ,mr4 ,ri*1 ^: resid5ce at ! c\rt ( ,bagdad1 ) ! p[]ful protection ( ! pa*a1 af=d$ him e facility = compreh5sive inve/igation1 describes ! :ole c\ntry betwe5 ,bagdad & ,hella1 a di/ance ( =ty-eight miles1 z a p]fectly flat1 &1 = ! great] "p1 uncultivat$ wa/e2 ?\gh x is evid5t1 f ! numb] ( canals by :i* x is trav]s$1 & ! imm5se ru9s t cov] its surface1 t x mu/ =m]ly h be5 bo? well peopl$ & cultivat$4 ,ab\t two miles above ,hella1 ! m prom95t ru9s comm5ce1 among :i*1 at int]vals1 are discov]$1 9 consid]able quantities1 burnt & unburnt bricks & bitum53 two va/ m\nds 9 p>ticul> attract att5tion f _! size1 & ^! are situat$ on ! ea/]n bank ( ! ,euphrates4 ,at ! "t ( 8 visit1 !re 7 sc>cely any rema9s ( ru9s visible1 imm$iately opposite on ! we/]n bank1 b !re 7 "s ( /up5d\s magnitude on t side1 ab\t six miles to ! s\?-we/ ( ,hella4 ,! fir/ gr& mass ( ru9s describ$ by ,mr4 ,ri*1 ext5ds "o ?\s& "o hundr$ y>ds 9 l5g?1 & eight hundr$ 9 its greate/ bread?1 its figure ne>ly resembl+ t ( a quadrant2 its hight is irregul>2 b ! mo/ elevat$ "p may be ab\t fifty or sixty feet above ! level ( ! pla91 & x has be5 dug into = ! purpose ( procur+ bricks4 ,on ! nor? is a valley ( five hundr$ & fifty y>ds 9 l5g?1 ! area ( :i* is cov]$ ) tussocks ( rank grass1 & cross$ by a l9e ( ru9s ( v little elevation4 ,to ?is succe$s ! second gr& heap ( ru9s1 ! %ape ( :i* is ne>ly a squ>e1 sev5 hundr$ y>ds 9 l5g? & bread?1 & hav+ its s\?-we/ angle connect$ ) ! nor?-we/ angle ( ! m\nds ( ,amran1 by a ridge ( consid]able hight1 & ne>ly "o hundr$ y>ds 9 bread?4 ,?is he ?\ght ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! ru9s ( ,babylon2 e ve/ige discov]able 9 x decl>+ x to h be5 compos$ ( build+s f> sup]ior to all ! re/ :i* _h left traces 9 ! ea/]n qu>t]3 ! bricks 7 ( ! f9e/ description2 &1 not)/&+ ?is 0 ! gr& /oreh\se ( !m1 & t ! greate/ supplies _h be5 & !n 7 con/antly drawn f x1 !y appe>$ /ill to be abundant4 ,b ! op]ation ( extract+ ! bricks _h caus$ great confusion1 & contribut$ mu* to increase ! difficulty ( deciph]+ ! orig9al design ( ?is m\nd1 z1 9 se>* ( !m1 ! workm5 _h pi]c$ into x 9 e direction1 holl[+ out deep rav9es & pits1 & ?r[+ up ! rubbi% 9 heaps on ! surface4 ,9 "s places !y _h bor$ into ! solid mass1 =m+ w9d+ cav]ns & subt]rane\s passages1 :i*1 f _! be+ left )\t adequate support1 sometimes fell & buri$ ! workm5 9 ! rubbi%4 ,9 all ^! excavations1 walls ( burnt brick1 laid 9 lime mort> ( a v good quality1 are se52 &1 9 addition to ! sub/ances g5]ally /rew$ on ! surfaces ( all ^! m\nds1 "h are f\nd fragm5ts ( alaba/] vessels1 f9e e>!nw>e1 m>ble1 & great quantities ( v>ni%$ tiles1 ! glaz+ & color+ ( :i* are surpris+ly fre%4 ,9 a holl[ ne> ! s\!rn "p1 ,mr4 ,ri* f\nd a sepul*ral urn ( e>!nw>e1 :i* _h be5 brok5 9 digg+1 & ne> x lay "s human bones1 :i* pulv]iz$ ) ! t\*4 8,n m ?an two hundr$ y>ds10 he says1 8f ! nor!rn extremity ( ! above m\nd is a rav9e holl[$ out by ^? :o dig = bricks1 9 l5g? ne>ly a hundr$ y>ds1 & ?irty feet wide1 by =ty or fifty deep4 ,on "o side ( x1 a few y>ds ( wall rema9 /&+1 ! face ( :i* is v clean & p]fect1 & :i* appe>s to h be5 ! front ( "s build+4 ,! opposite side is s confus$ a mass ( rubbi%1 t x w\ld seem z if ! rav9e _h be5 work$ ?r\gh a solid build+4 ,"u ! f\ndations at ! s\!rn end an op5+ is made1 :i* discov]s a subt]rane\s passage sev5 feet 9 hight1 & w9d+ to ! s\?1 floor$ & wall$ ) l>ge brick1 laid 9 bitum5 & cov]$ ov] ) pieces ( s&/one1 a y>d ?ick1 & sev]al y>ds long1 on :i* ! :ole pressure is s great z to h giv5 a consid]able degree ( obliquity to ! side walls ( ! passage4 ,! sup]/ructure is cem5t$ ) bitum51 o!r p>ts ( ! rav9e ) mort>1 & ! bricks all h writ+ on !m4 ,! nor!rn end ( ! rav9e appe>s to h be5 cross$ by an extremely ?ick wall ( yell[i% brick1 cem5t$ ) a brilliant :ite mort>1 :i* has be5 brok5 ?r\gh 9 holl[+ x out2 & a little to ! nor? is sculptur$ a lion ( colossal dim5sions1 /&+ on a p$e/al1 ( a co>se k9d ( gray granite1 & ( rude workman%ip2 9 ! m\? is a circul> ap]ture1 into :i* a man may introduce 8 fi/40 ,! next consid]able mass to t ( ,amran is ! ,kasr1 or palace1 z x is call$ by ! natives1 & x is ?us describ$ by ,mr4 ,ri*4 8,x is a v rem>kable ru91 :i*1 be+ uncov]$1 & 9 "p deta*$ f ! rubbi%1 is visible f a consid]able di/ance1 b s surpris+ly fre% 9 its appe>ance1 t x 0 only aft] a m9ute inspection ,i 0 satisfi$ ( its be+ 9 reality a ,babylonian rema94 ,x consi/s ( sev]al walls & pi]s1 7:i* face ! c>d9al po9ts17 eight feet 9 ?ickness1 9 "s places ornam5t$ ) ni*es1 & 9 o!rs1 /r5g!n$ by pila/]s & buttresses1 built ( f9e burnt brick1 7/ill p]fectly clean & %>p17 laid 9 lime cem5t1 ( su* t5acity1 t ^? ^: bus9ess x is h giv5 up work+1 on acc\nt ( ! extreme difficulty ( extract+ !m :ole4 ,! tops ( ^! walls are brok51 & may h be5 mu* high]4 ,on ! outside1 !y h 9 "s places be5 cle>$ ne>ly to ! f\ndations2 b ! int]nal spaces1 =m$ by !m1 are yet fill$ ) rubbi%1 9 "s p>ts almo/ to _! summit4 ,"o "p ( ! wall has be5 split into ?ree p>ts1 & ov]?r[n1 z if by an e>?quake2 "s deta*$ walls ( ! same k9d1 /&+ at diff]5t di/ances1 %[ :at rema9s to h be5 only a small "p ( ! orig9al fabric2 inde$1 x appe>s t ! passage 9 ! rav9e1 toge!r ) ! wall :i* crosses its upp] end1 7 connect$ ) x4 ,!re are "s holl[s und]nea?1 9 :i* sev]al p]sons h lo/ _! lives2 s t no "o w n[ v5ture into !m1 & _! entrances h become *ok$ up ) rubbi%4 ,ne> ?is ru9 is a heap ( rubbi%1 ! sides ( :i* are curi\sly /reak$ by ! alt]nation ( its mat]ials1 ! *ief "p ( :i*1 x is probable1 0 unburnt brick1 ( :i* ,i f\nd a small quantity 9 ! neighborhood2 b no re$s 7 discov]able 9 ! int]/ices4 8,a mile to ! nor? ( ! ,kasr1 or full five miles di/ant f ,hella1 & n9e hundr$ & fifty y>ds f ! riv] bank1 is ! la/ ru9 ( ?is s]ies1 :i* has be5 describ$ by ,pietro ,della ,valle1 :o det]m9es x to h be5 ! t[] ( ,belus1 an op9ion adopt$ by ,r5nel4 ,! natives call x ,mukallibe1 or1 accord+ to ! vulg> ,arab pronunciation ( ^! p>ts1 ,mujelibe1 mean+ ov]turn$2 !y sometimes also apply ?is t]m to ! m\nds ( ! ,kasr4 ,x is ( an oblong %ape1 irregul> 9 its hight & ! measurem5t ( its sides1 :i* face ! c>d9al po9ts2 ! nor!rn side be+ two hundr$ y>ds 9 l5g?1 ! s\!rn two hundr$ & n9ete51 ! ea/]n "o hundr$ & eighty-two1 & ! we/]n "o hundr$ & ?irty-six2 ! elevation ( ! s\?-ea/1 or highe/ angle1 "o hundr$ & =ty-"o feet4 ,! we/]n face1 :i* is ! lea/ elevat$1 is ! mo/ int]e/+1 on acc\nt ( ! appe>ance ( build+ x pres5ts4 ,ne> ! summit ( x appe>s a l[ wall1 ) int]ruptions1 built ( unburnt bricks1 mix$ up ) *opp$ /raw or re$s1 & cem5t$ ) clay-mort> ( great ?ickness1 hav+ betwe5 e lay] a lay] ( re$s2 & on ! nor? side are1 also1 "s ve/iges ( a simil> con/ruction4 ,! s\?-we/ angle is cr[n$ by some?+ l a turret1 or lant]n3 ! o!r angles are 9 a less p]fect /ate1 b may orig9ally h be5 ornam5t$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,! we/]n face is l[e/ & easie/ ( asc5t1 ! nor!rn ! mo/ difficult4 ,all are worn into furr[s by ! wea!r2 & 9 "s places1 :]e sev]al *annels ( ra9 h unit$ toge!r1 ^! furr[s are ( great dep?1 & p5etrate a consid]able way into ! m\nd4 ,! summit is cov]$ ) heaps ( rubbi%1 9 digg+ into "s ( :i*1 lay]s ( brok5 burnt brick1 cem5t$ ) mort>1 are discov]$1 & :ole bricks1 ) inscriptions on !m1 are "h & !re f\nd4 ,! :ole is cov]$ ) innum]able fragm5ts ( pott]y1 brick1 bitum51 pebbles1 vitrifi$ brick1 or scoria1 & ev5 %ells1 bits ( glass1 & "m ( pe>l40 ,mr4 ,ri*1 hav+ n[ f9i%$ 8 obs]vations on ! ru9s ( ! ea/ bank ( ! ,euphrates1 ent]s ^u ! exam9ation ( :at1 on ! opposite we/ bank1 h be5 by "s travel]s suppos$ 7& _! suppositions h be5 adopt$ by ,major ,r5nel7 to be ! rema9s ( ?is great city4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :i* ,mr4 ,ri* describes1 are ( ! mo/ trifl+ k9d1 sc>cely exce$+ "o hundr$ y>ds 9 ext5t1 & :olly consi/+ ( two or ?ree insignificant m\nds ( e>?1 ov]gr[n ) rank grass4 ,! c\ntry1 too1 be+ m>%y1 he d\bts ! possibility ( !re hav+ be5 any build+s ( consid]able magnitude erect$ 9 t spot1 &1 mu* less1 build+s ( ! a/oni%+ dim5sions ( ^? describ$ by ! classical writ]s ( antiquity4 ,he !n op5s to our view a new & almo/ unexplor$ rema9 ( anci5t gr&eur1 9 ! foll[+ passage4 8,b1 al?\gh !re are n any ru9s 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! riv]1 by f> ! mo/ /up5d\s & surpris+ mass ( all ! rema9s ( ,babylon is situat$ 9 ! des]t ab\t six miles to ! s\?-we/ ( ,hella4 ,x is call$ by ! ,arabs ,birs ,nimrod1 by ! ,jews1 ,nebu*adnezz>'s prison4 ,x is a m\nd ( an oblong figure1 ! total circumf]5ce ( :i* is sev5 hundr$ & sixty-two y>ds4 ,at ! ea/]n side x is clov5 by a deep furr[1 & is n m ?an fifty or sixty feet high2 b at ! we/]n x rises 9 a conical figure to ! elevation ( "o hundr$ & n9ety-eight feet2 & on its summit is a solid pile ( brick1 ?irty-sev5 feet high by tw5ty-eight 9 bread?1 dim9i%+ 9 ?ickness to ! top1 :i* is brok5 & irregul>1 & r5t by a l>ge fissure ext5d+ ?r\gh a ?ird ( its hight4 ,x is p]=at$ by small squ>e holes1 dispos$ 9 rhomboids4 ,! f9e burnt bricks ( :i* x is built h inscriptions on !m2 & s admirable is ! cem5t1 :i* appe>s to be lime-mort>1 t1 ?\gh ! lay]s are s close toge!r t x is difficult to disc]n :at sub/ance is betwe5 !m1 x is ne>ly impossible to extract "o ( ! bricks :ole4 ,! o!r p>ts ( ! summit ( ?is hill are occupi$ by imm5se fragm5ts ( brick-"w1 ( no det]m9ate figure1 tumbl$ toge!r & conv]t$ into solid vitrifi$ masses1 z if !y _h und]gone ! action ( ! fi]ce/ fire1 or be5 bl[n up ) gunp[d]1 ! lay]s ( ! bricks be+ p]fectly disc]nible2 a curi\s fact1 & "o = :i* ,i am utt]ly incapable ( acc\nt+4 ,r\nd ! ,birs are traces ( ru9s to a consid]able ext5t4 ,to ! nor? is ! canal :i* supplies ,mesjiid ,ali ) wat]1 :i* 0 dug at ! exp5se ( ! ,nuwaub ,%ujah$ ,d\lah1 & call$ aft] 8 c\ntry1 ,h9dia4 ,we are in=m$ t1 f ! summit ( ! ,birs1 9 a cle> morn+1 ! gilt dome ( ,mesjiid ,ali may be se540 ,be=e pass+ on to a brief notice ( ! lat] discov]ies at ,babylon1 a ^w may be said on ! subject ( ! ,,babylonian ,,bricks4 ,"o ( ! anci5t me?ods ( writ+1 0 on /one or brick1 ( :i*1 z ! e>lie/ example on record1 if all[able to be cit$1 may be adduc$ t ( ! two pill>s ( ,se?1 ! "o ( brick & ! o!r ( /one1 said by ,josephus to h be5 erect$ be=e ! deluge1 & to h conta9$ ! hi/ory ( ant$iluvian arts & sci5ces4 ,h[ev] disputable ?is acc\nt may be1 t ( ! tables ( /one on :i* ! decalogue 0 writt5 by ! f+] ( ! ,deity1 & deliv]$ to ,moses on ,m\nt ,s9ai1 c admit ( no d\bt1 no m ?an c ! hi]oglyphic *>act]s 9 ! mo/ anci5t p]iods1 engrav$ on ! m>bles ( ,egypt1 at pres5t s abundant 9 ! collections ( ,europe1 & :i* rema9 to ?is day1 & w be1 = c5turies to come1 a la/+ pro( ( ! high advance 9 ! engrav+ art1 z well z 9 *emical sci5ce1 ( a nation1 :o1 at t e>ly p]iod1 c\ld fabricate in/rum5ts to cut !m s deep & indelibly on ! almo/ imp5etrable granite4 ,9 c\ntries de/itute ( /one1 l ,*aldea1 an artificial sub/ance1 clay1 int]mix$ ) re$s1 & indurat$ by fire1 0 made use ( = t purpose4 ,( ?is sub/ance1 =m$ into squ>e masses1 cov]$ ) my/ic *>act]s1 ! walls & palaces ( ,babylon 71 = ! mo/ "p1 con/ruct$3 & x has be5 se5 9 ! acc\nts ( travel]s :o h visit$ ^! ru9s1 exam9$ ! bricks1 & obs]v$ ^? re$s int]m+l$ ) _! sub/ance1 h[ durable1 ?r\gh a va/ succession ( ages1 ^? bricks1 ) _! inscrib$ *>act]s1 h rema9$4 ,_! real mean+1 or t ( ! ,p]sepolitan arr[-head$ obeli/ical *>act]s1 & ! /ill m complicat$ hi]oglyphics ( ,egypt1 h[ev] p>tially deciph]$ by ! labors ( ! le>n$1 w1 p]haps1 nev] be fa?om$ 9 its full ext5t1 by ! utmo/ +5uity ( man4 ,( ! bitum5 ) :i* ^! ,babylonian bricks 7 cem5t$ toge!r1 & :i* 0 pl5tifully produc$ 9 ! neighborhood ( ,babylon1 x may be prop] 9 ?is place to rem>k1 t x b9ds /rong] ?an mort>1 & 9 "t becomes h>d] ?an ! brick itself4 ,x 0 also imp5etrable to wat]1 z 0 =m]ly well kn[n1 = bo? ! outside & ! inside ( ! ark 0 incru/$ ) x4 ,g54 vi4 #ad4 ,x may be prop] to add "h1 t ! bitum51 to deprive x ( its brittl5ess1 & r5d] x capable ( be+ appli$ to ! brick1 mu/ be boil$ ) a c]ta9 proportion ( oil1 & t x reta9s its t5acity longe/ 9 a humid situation4 ,mr4 ,ri* in=ms u1 t x is 8at pres5t pr9cipally us$ = calk+ boats1 coat+ ci/]ns1 ba?s1 & o!r places :i* usually come 9 contact ) wat]4 ,! fragm5ts ( x scatt]$ ov] ! ru9s ( ,babylon are black1 %9+ & brittle1 some:at resembl+ pit-coal 9 sub/ance & appe>ance40 ,x w n be =gott51 t ! cu/om above allud$ to1 ( mix+ /raw or re$s ) bricks bak$ 9 ! sun1 9 ord] to b9d !m clos]1 & s make !m m firm & compact1 0 also us$ 9 ,egypt1 z may be inf]r$ f ,exodus v4 #g1 :]e ,ph>aoh comm&s ! taskma/]s ( ! oppress$ ,israelites 8n to give !m /raw to make bricks10 9 ord] to multiply _! vexations & increase _! toil4 ,speak+ ( ! ,babylonian bricks1 & _! v>iety 9 respect to size1 color1 h>dness1 c41 ,mr4 ,ri* tells u1 t ! g5]al size ( ! kiln-burnt brick is ?irte5 in*es squ>e1 by ?ree ?ick2 & t "s are ( ab\t half ^! dim5sions1 & a few ( diff]5t %apes = p>ticul> purposes1 su* z r\nd+ corn]s1 c4 ,!y are ( diff]5t colors3 :ite1 ) a yell[i% t+e1 l :at are call$ fire-brick2 r$1 l our ord9>y brick1 :i* are ! co>se/ ( all2 & "s blacki%1 & v h>d4 ,! sun-dri$ brick are g5]ally ! l>ge/1 & m or less mix$ ) *opp$ /raw1 = ! obvi\s purpose ( b9d+ !m2 & "s ev5 ( ! fire-burnt bricks seem to h be5 made ( ! same mat]ial4 ,9 ! palace1 or ,kasr1 ,mr4 ,ri* f\nd f> f9] specim5s ( art ?an ! m]e brick-"w af=ds2 = 9 addition to ! sub/ances usually /rew$ on ! surfaces ( all ^! m\nds1 he saw fragm5ts ( alaba/] vessels1 f9e e>!n-w>e1 m>ble1 & great quantities ( v>ni%$ tiles1 ! glaz+ & color+ ( :i* 0 surpris+ly fre%4 ,! process f mak+ pott]y to mold+ figures 9 clay1 0 n difficult2 b ! designs 9 brass1 & ! gr\p+ ( figures1 mu/ h requir$ mu* great] skill & labor4 ,,lat] ,,discov]ies ,,at ,,babylon4 ,z ! travel] approa*es v ne> to ,babylon1 f ! nor?1 ! fir/ great ru91 z we h already said1 is ! 8m\nd ( ,babel10 bett] kn[n z ! ,mujelib1 or ! 8ov]turn$10 a va/ m\nd1 f ! top ( :i* rises a solit>y mass ( brick-"w1 & beyond :i* are long undulat+ heaps ( e>?1 bricks & pott]y4 ,on all sides are fragm5ts ( glass1 m>ble1 e>!n-w>e1 & inscrib$ brick1 m+l$ ) t peculi> nitr\s & blan*$ soil1 :i*1 br$ f ! rema9s ( anci5t habitations1 *ecks or de/roys vegetation1 & r5d]s ! site ( ,babylon a nak$ & hide\s wa/e1 fit only = ! abode ( owls & jackals4 ,s\?w>d f ?is spot1 = ne>ly ?ree miles1 !re is an almo/ un9t]rupt$ l9e ( m\nds1 ! ru9s ( ! va/ edifices :i* once =m$ "p ( ! city4 ,mr4 ,lay>d comm5c$ 8 excavations 9 "o ( ^! m\nds1 f9d+ arr[-heads ( iron & bronze1 glass bottles1 color$ & ribb$1 & ( v>i\s =ms & sizes1 c41 c41 c4 ,on go+ deep]1 ! workm5 soon rea*$ solid pi]s & walls ( brick masonry1 _m ( ! bricks be>+ ! usual sup]scription ( ,nebu*adnezz>2 & ! rema9s ( simil> build+s 7 f\nd 9 v>i\s places4 ,b ?\gh ,mr4 ,lay>d's discov]ies ( ?is k9d 7 num]\s1 few ?+s 7 br\ght to light mat]ially diff]5t f :at _h be5 f\nd & describ$ by o!rs be=e him4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahej1 h[ev]1 ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t s5t out ?ree g5tlem5 to make sci5tific & arti/ic rese>*es 9 ,m$ia1 ,mesopotamia1 & ,babylon4 ,"o1 ,m4 ,jules ,opp]t1 has j return$ to ,p>is1 7#ahed17 & x appe>s1 f 8 report1 t he & 8 colleagues ?\ght x advisable to beg9 by conf9+ !mselves to ! exploration ( anci5t ,babylon4 ,?is task 0 "o ( imm5se difficulty1 & x 0 enhanc$ by ! excessive heat ( ! sun1 by privations ( all k9ds1 & by ! incessant ho/ility ( ! ,arabs4 ,aft] a :ile ,m4 ,opp]t's two colleagues fell ill1 s t all ! labors ( ! exp$ition devolv$ on him4 ,he fir/ ( all made excavations ( ! ru9s ( ! fam\s susp5d$ g>d5s ( ,babylon1 :i* are n[ kn[n by ! "n ( ! hall ( ,amran-ibn-,ali2 & obta9$ 9 !m a numb] ( curi\s ar*itectural & o!r objects1 :i* are de/9$ to be plac$ 9 ! ,l\vre at ,p>is4 ,he next1 9 ob$i5ce to ! special ord]s ( 8 gov]nm5t1 took measures = asc]ta9+ ! precise ext5t ( ,babylon1 a matt] :i* ! read] is aw>e has always be5 op5 to controv]sy4 ,he has succe$$ 9 mak+ a s]ies ( m9ute surveys1 & 9 draw+ up detail$ plans ( ! imm5se city4 ,8 op9ion is1 t ev5 ! l>ge/ calculations z to its va/ ext5t are n exagg]at$2 & he puts d[n t ext5t at ! a/\nd+ figure ( five hundr$ squ>e kilometres1 ,fr5* measure1 7! squ>e kilometre is elev5 hundr$ & n9ety-six squ>e y>ds47 ,?is is v ne>ly eighte5 times ! size ( ,p>is4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 he does n say t ?is enorm\s area 0 occupi$1 or any?+ l x3 x compris$ )9 ! walls huge tracts ( cultivat$ l&s & g>d5s1 = supply+ ! population ) food 9 ! ev5t ( a siege4 ,m4 ,opp]t has discov]$ ! ,babylonian & ,assyrian measures1 & by means ( !m has asc]ta9$ exactly :at "p ( ! city 0 inhabit$1 & :at "p 0 9 fields & g>d5s4 ,on ! limits ( ! t[n1 prop]ly s call$1 /&s at pres5t ! fl\ri%+ t[n ( ,hillah4 ,?is t[n1 situat$ on ! banks ( ! ,euphrates1 is built ) bricks f ! ru9s1 & _m ( ! h\sehold ut5sils1 & p]sonal ornam5ts ( its inhabitants1 are tak5 f !m also4 ,beyond ?is t[n is ! va/ =tress1 /r5g!n$ by ,nebu*adnezz>1 & 9 ! mid/ ( x is ! royal palace1 itself almo/ z l>ge z a t[n4 ,m4 ,opp]t says1 t he 0 also able to di/+ui% ! ru9s ( ! fam\s t[] ( ,babel2 !y are mo/ impos+1 & /& on a site =m]ly call$ ,borsippa1 or ! t[] ( languages4 ,! royal t[n1 situat$ on ! two banks ( ! ,euphrates1 cov]s a space ( ne>ly sev5 squ>e kilometres1 & conta9s mo/ int]e/+ ru9s4 ,among/ !m are ^? ( ! royal palace1 ! =tress1 & ! susp5d$ g>d5s4 ,9 ! collection ( curiosities :i* ,m4 ,opp]t has br\ght away ) him1 is a vase1 :i* he decl>es to date f ! "t ( "o ( ! ,*aldean sov]eigns nam$ ,n>ambel1 t is1 some:]e ab\t sixte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/2 also a numb] ( copies ( cunei=m inscriptions :i* he has e reason to believe t he w be able to deciph]4 ,x may n be out ( place1 to add1 "h1 t 9 ! excavations rec5tly made 9 ,p]sia1 x is said t ! palace ( ,%u%an & ! tomb ( ,daniel h probably be5 f\nd2 & also ! v pavem5t describ$ 9 ,e/h] i4 #f1 8( r$1 & blue1 & :ite1 & black m>ble40 ,on ! tomb is ! sculptur$ figure ( a man b\nd h& & foot1 ) a huge lion 9 ! act ( spr++ ^u him to dev\r him4 ,no hi/ory c\ld speak m graphically ! /ory ( ,daniel 9 ! lion's d54 ,v>i\s o!r discov]ies h also be5 made1 all ( :i* be> out ! /atem5ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory z to ! times ( ! prophet1 & ! nation ( :i* he speaks4 ,,ru9s ,,( ,,n9eveh4 ,n9eveh1 fam\s 9 ! anci5t _w1 z ! spl5did capital ( ! ,assyrian empire1 _h be5 hidd5 "s two ?\s& ye>s 9 its unkn[n grave1 :5 a ,fr5* savant & a w&]+ ,engli% s*ol> s\ght out ! seat ( t once mighty p[]1 & ?r[+ (f its %r\d ( s& & ru91 reveal$ to ! a/oni%$ _w its temples1 palaces1 & idols1 ! repres5tations ( ! w>s ( ! anci5t ,assyrians1 & _! triumphs 9 civilization & art4 ,niebuhr 0 "o ( ! fir/ to give att5tion to ^! ru9s1 & especially to /imulate ! curiosity & ent]prise ( o!rs4 ,& aft] him ,ri*1 ,botta1 & o!rs1 & especially & above all1 ,lay>d1 c>ri$ on inve/igations :i* h br\ght to light ! wond]ful rema9s ( ?is long-buri$ city4 ,! e>lie/ successful excavations 7 made by ,botta at ,khorsabad1 9 #ahdc2 & by ^! he 0 l$ on to ! discov]y ( an imm5se monum5t wor?y to be comp>$ 9 ri*ness & ornam5t to ! mo/ sumptu\s productions bequea!d u by anci5t ,egypt4 ,! fir/ discov]y 0 ( ! rema9s ( a *amb]1 :i* evid5tly 0 b "p ( a l>ge build+ buri$ 9 ! m\nd1 ! walls ( :i* 7 cov]$ ) bass-reliefs4 ,& next1 f9d+ a bronze lion1 & ! heads & w+s ( ! w+$ bulls1 ,m4 ,botta 0 satisfi$ t ! :ole space 0 full ( anci5t rema9s4 ,aft] v>i\s difficulties & ob/acles1 :i* 7 at l5g? ov]come1 9 #ahdd1 he _h ?ree hundr$ labor]s at "w mak+ excavations1 :ile an arti/ copi$ ! bass-reliefs & inscriptions z fa/ z !y 7 uncov]$4 ,^!1 ) ! mo/ rem>kable & be/ pres]v$ pieces ( sculpture1 7 s5t to ,p>is1 :]e !y arriv$ 9 #ahdf1 & :]e !y n[ =m "o ( ! greate/ attractions 9 ! noble museum ( ! ,l\vre4 ,! la/ & mo/ important1 h[ev]1 ( ! labor]s 9 ! field ( ,assyrian antiquities1 is ,au/5 ,h5ry ,lay>d1 :o visit$ ?is region 9 #ahdj1 & aga9 9 #ahdb4 ,9 #ahde1 "u ! patronage1 & ?r\gh ! assi/ance ( ,sir ,/rat=d ,cann+1 he aga9 w5t to ,assyria1 & comm5c+ 8 excavations1 fir/ discov]$ ! long wi%$ = bass-reliefs on ! tw5ty-eigh? ( ,novemb]4 ,soon aft]w>d he dug up a gigantic human head1 mu* to ! t]ror ( ! ,arabs1 :o believ$ x to be ! head ( ,nimrod himself4 ,next1 he came ^u a ri* collection ( sculptures1 9 an excell5t /ate ( pres]vation1 among :i* 7 k+s1 prie/s1 griff9s1 eunu*s1 symbolic trees1 c41 c4 ,ano!r discov]y 0 t ( a vault$ *amb]1 9 ! c5t] ( a wall "s fifty feet ?ick1 & fifte5 feet bel[ ! surface ( ! m\nd1 ! top ( :i* 0 z regul>ly ar*$ z any mod]n room c\ld be4 ,tubul> dra9-tiles = c>ry+ (f ! wat] t fell f ! ro(s ( build+s1 & ?9 lay]s ( bitum5 "u ! floors & slabs1 to keep !m f ! dampness ( ! gr\nd b5ea?1 7 also discov]$ 9 v>i\s places4 ,! gigantic lions :i* ,m4 ,botta _h se51 7 also exam9$ by ,mr4 ,lay>d2 & new *amb]s1 cov]$ ) bass-reliefs ( battles1 sieges1 victories1 triumphs1 banquet+s1 sacrifices1 c41 7 explor$4 ,a l>ge obelisk ( black m>ble 0 %ipp$ = ,engl&2 & f "s tw5ty *amb]s explor$ )9 ab\t f\r mon?s1 num]\s articles 7 ga!r$ & s5t =w>d to ! same c\ntry4 ,z a specim5 ( ! wond]ful sculptures br\ght to light by ! indefatigable labors ( ,lay>d1 we may m5tion ! colossal w+$ bull1 repres5t$ 9 ! cut on page #ehd4 ,! features ( ! face1 ! cap on ! head1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! hair & be>d1 are ,p]sian4 ,! w+s ext5d ov] ! back4 ,! figure is suppos$ to repres5t "o ( ! ,assyrian deities1 z ! attributes ( intellig5ce1 /r5g?1 & swiftness1 are typifi$ by ! head ( a man1 ! body ( a bull1 & ! w+s ( an eagle4 ,some:at simil> to ?is 0 ano!r l>ge sculpture ( a colossal w+$ lion1 on a slab n9e feet squ>e4 ,! c\nt5ance ( ?is figure is noble & b5evol5t 9 expression2 ! features be+ ( a true ,p]sian type4 ,x we>s an egg-%ap$ cap1 ) a cord r\nd ! base ( x4 ,! hair at ! back ( ! head has sev5 ranges ( curls2 ! be>d be+ divid$ into ?ree ranges ( curls1 ) int]vals ( wavy hair4 ,! elaborately sculptur$ w+s ext5d ov] ! back ( ! animal to ! v v]ge ( ! slab4 ,all ! flat surface is cov]$ ) :at is t]m$ a cunei=m inscription4 ,r\nd ! lo9s is a succession ( num]\s cords1 :i* are drawn into f\r sep>ate knots2 at ! extremities are fr+es1 =m+ z _m di/9ct tassels4 ,! /r5g? ( ! lion is admirably del9eat$ 9 ! sculpture1 %[+ t ! arti/ _h a complete acqua9tance ) ! details ( its figure & anatomy4 ,bo? ^! huge sculptures 7 s5t to ,engl&1 ?\gh only ) imm5se labor & exp5se2 & !y are n[ 9 ! ,briti% museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,colossal ,,w+$ ,,bull ,,f ,,n9eveh4 ,9 ! brief space :i* c be allott$ to ! ru9s ( ,n9eveh1 x w\ld be impossible to give m ?an a glance at all ! wond]ful discov]ies made !re4 ,a m]e outl9e is all t w be attempt$1 :ile = ! complete description1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! publi%$ volumes ( ,lay>d himself4 ,! plat=m ( ,khorsabad1 = example1 0 9 some:at ! %ape ( ! lett] ,t2 & ! latt]1 or s\?-ea/]n end ( ?is 0 n9e hundr$ & sev5ty-five feet wide1 by f\r hundr$ & tw5ty deep2 & "h "s ( ! pr9cipal monum5ts 7 f\nd4 ,! great portal to ! build+1 =m+ ! c5t] ( ! faade1 consi/$1 on ea* side1 ( ?ree colossal bulls1 ) human heads & eagles' w+s1 & a gigantic figure ( a man1 ea* =m$ ( a s+le block ( alaba/]4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ?is gateway1 we come to a c\rt ?ree hundr$ & =ty by "o hundr$ & fifty-sev5 feet1 ! entrance ( :i* is gu>d$ by symbolic figures :i* are comb9ations ( ! man1 ! bull1 & ! eagle1 be>+ a g5]al resemblance to ^? spok5 ( above4 ,ne> by is a gigantic figure1 suppos$ to be int5d$ = ,nimrod himself2 & also ano!r ( a w+$ man1 or div9ity1 ) f\r w+s1 (f]+ a p9e cone ) "o h&1 & hold+ a basket 9 ! o!r4 ,9 ! diff]5t *amb]s1 are bass-reliefs ( ! great k+ & 8 (fic]s1 9 _! v>i\s appropriate dresses2 ! sword1 ! s&als1 ! bracelets1 ! e>-r+s1 & ev5 ! fly-flapp]s ( ! att5d+ eunu*s1 all be+ p]fectly di/9ct z if c>v$ b ye/]day4 ,n f> f ^!1 are se5 ! k+'s cup-be>]s1 & 8 grooms lead+ horses2 a repres5tation ( ! build+ ( a port1 or road1 & %ips br++ timb] & o!r mat]ials to be us$ 9 ! "w2 & !n come sea-mon/]s & v>i\s inhabitants ( ! deep1 among :i* are ! %ell-fi% :i* furni%$ ! fam\s ,tyrian dye4 ,9 ano!r ap>tm5t1 ! gate ( :i* 0 fa/5$ by a huge wood5 lock1 are se5 ! figures ( tribute-be>]s f ! v>i\s conqu]$ nations1 ! gov]nors ( prov9ces1 c41 br++ _! (f]+s2 & 9 ano!r1 prie/s1 & ! eagle-head$ div9ity1 ! k+ himself1 & images ( bak$ clay1 ( frightful aspect1 :i* seem to h be5 t]aphim or idols ( "s k9d4 ,9 /ill o!r ap>tm5ts1 are ! symbolic trees2 sieges ( highly =tifi$ places1 ) batt]+-rams & o!r in/rum5ts ( w>2 manacl$ prison]s2 b[-m5 & spe>-m52 eunu*s engag$1 9 "o place 9 weigh+ spoil1 & 9 ano!r 9 hew+ a prison] to pieces2 ! magi1 & philosoph]s2 c\rts ( ju/ice2 prison]s b\nd = trial or puni%m5t2 ! k+ putt+ out ! eyes ( a captive2 full illu/rations ( ! pleasures ( ! table & ! *ase2 ! k+ & 8 sons engag$ 9 hunt+1 & also 9 %oot+ at a t>get2 v>i\s k9ds ( birds & animals2 full hi/orical pictures ( v>i\s ev5ts2 ! burn+ ( =ts & besieg$ cities2 *airs1 alt>s1 *>iots1 horses1 tables1 vases1 c43 9 a ^w1 almo/ ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! daily life1 or social cu/oms1 or civil hi/ory ( ! p4 ,! k+'s c\rt1 ! hi/orical *amb]1 ! inn] *amb]1 ! div9+-*amb]1 ! hall ( judgm5t1 ! hall ( hi/orical records1 ! *amb] ( audi5ce1 ! pres5ce-*amb]1 ! banquet+-hall1 ! retir+-*amb]--all ^! are b a "p ( ! names ( ap>tm5ts 9 ?is s+le palace1 ea* ( :i* ab\nds 9 ! sculptures & bass-reliefs :i* are naturally sugge/$ by _! respective titles4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ^! wond]ful sculptures h be5 transport$ to ,engl&1 & are n[ 9 ! ,briti% museum4 ,! great w+$ lion & bull are !re1 to fix ! att5tion & excite ! wond] ( e visitor2 & ) ^!1 m ?an a hundr$ o!r sculptures or bass-reliefs repres5t+ sc5es l ^? already describ$4 ,_m ( ^! are f ,nimr\d1 :]e h be5 f\nd "s repres5tations n m5tion$ above1 su*1 = example1 z v>i\s =ms ( *>iots2 mumm]s danc+2 /ables1 & horses be+ curri$2 ! int]ior ( ! royal kit*52 birds ( prey1 pick+ at ! dead & dy+ on ! battle-field2 troops cross+ riv]s2 ! siege ( ,damascus2 lion & bull hunts2 ,p>?ian b[-m52 ! fell+ ( trees2 elephants1 camels1 & monkeys1 c41 c41 all 9 a /yle ( bo? art & sculpture q diff]5t f ^? at ,khorsabad1 & app>5tly less anci5t ?an ! latt]4 ,& 9 addition to all ^! ?+s1 ! sculptures relat+ to co/ume & dress are q num]\s 9 _m ( ! ap>tm5ts ( ^! ru9s4 ,! head-dress1 ! mode ( we>+ ! be>d & hair1 vases1 r+s1 bracelets1 umbrellas1 bronzes1 ! arrangem5t ( fun]als1 ivory caskets & ornam5ts1 c>v$ heads ( v>i\s animals1 7us$ z ornam5ts17 & _m o!r k9ds ( curiosities1 h be5 f\nd 9 great numb]s4 ,among ! m rec5t discov]ies1 made s lately z #ahej1 ,mr4 ,lay>d ?9ks he has f\nd1 9 ! ,nimr\d m\nd1 ! v ?rone on :i* ! reign+ mon>* ( "s ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago sat 9 8 spl5did palace4 ,x is compos$ ( metal & ivory2 ! =m] be+ ri*ly wr\ght1 & ! latt] mo/ beautifully c>v$4 ,x seems to h be5 sep>at$ f ! /ate ap>tm5ts by means ( a l>ge curta91 ! r+s by :i* ?is 0 drawn & undrawn be+ /ill pres]v$4 ,no human rema9s h be5 f\nd1 & ev]y?+ indicates ! de/ruction ( ! palace by fire2 ! ?rone itself be+ p>tially fus$1 z if by great heat4 ,beautifully engrav$ copp] vessels h be5 f\nd at ,nimr\d2 & 9 ,n9eveh1 a l>ge assortm5t ( slabs illu/rative ( ! rule1 conque/s1 dome/ic life1 & arts ( ! anci5t ,assyrians2 & app>5tly !re c be no limit to ! numb] ( su* discov]ies1 if !y are b prosecut$ = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t1 & ) a suffici5t numb] ( labor]s4 ,9 #aheb1 ,mr4 ,lay>d 0 appo9t$ to an important (ficial po/ at home1 by ! ,briti% gov]nm5t1 s t 8 p]sonal att5tion to ! rese>*es he _h s long c>ri$ on1 0 ( c\rse susp5d$4 ,b s9ce t date1 ! ,fr5* explor]s h be5 able to exam9e ! :ole palace ( ,khorsabad & its dep5d5cies2 9 do+ :i*1 !y h obta9$ pro( t ! ,assyrians 7 n ignorant ( any ( ! pr9ciples or res\rces ( ar*itecture4 ,among _! discov]ies1 is a gate twelve feet high1 app>5tly "o ( ! entrances to ! city2 sev]al con/ructions 9 m>ble1 beautifully wr\ght2 ! cell> ( ! palace1 ) regul> r[s ( w9e j>s1 :i* h at ! bottom ! violet-color$ deposit f ! evaporat$ w9e1 c4 ,& 9 ! adjo9+ m\nds & hills )9 a few leagues ( ,khorsabad1 !y h f\nd monum5ts1 tombs1 jewelry1 articles ( gold & /one1 colossal figures & bass-reliefs1 & la/1 b f> f lea/1 a s]ies ( full l5g? portraits ( ! k+s ( ,assyria6 ,all ^! discov]ies1 z soon z made1 are copi$ by ! photographic process1 & s5t to ,p>is1 s t ere long1 d\btless1 all w be able to see h[ !y appe> :5 reproduc$ by ! skill ( ! engrav]4 ,,! ,,ru9s ,,( ,,p]sepolis4 ,! mo/ /rik+ feature1 on a fir/ approa* to ^! spl5did ru9s1 is ! /aircase & its surr\nd+ walls1 & ! tall sl5d] columns :i* /& out s prom95tly to view4 ,two gr& flights ( /airs1 fac+ ea* o!r1 lead to ! pr9cipal plat=m4 ,to _! "r is an imm5se wall ( ! f9e/ masonry1 & ( ! mo/ massive /ones2 to ! left1 are o!r walls1 equally well built1 b n s impos+4 ,on arriv+ at ! summit ( ! /aircase1 ! fir/ objects :i* pres5t !mselves directly fac+ ! plat=m1 are f\r va/ portals & two columns4 ,two portals fir/1 !n ! columns1 & !n two portals aga94 ,on ! front ( ea* are repres5t$1 9 bass-relief1 figures ( animals1 :i*1 = want ( a bett] "n1 may be call$ sph9xes4 ,! two sph9xes on ! fir/ portals face outw>dly1 i4 e41 t[>d ! pla9 & ! front ( ! build+4 ,! two o!rs1 on ! second portals1 face inw>dly1 i4 e41 t[>d ! m\nta94 ,f ! fir/1 7to ! "r1 on a /raight l9e17 at ! di/ance ( fifty-f\r paces1 is a /aircase ( ?irty /eps1 ! sides ( :i* are ornam5t$ ) bass-reliefs1 orig9ally 9 ?ree r[s1 b n[ p>tly r$uc$ by ! accumulation ( e>? b5ea?1 & by mutilations above4 ,?is /aircase leads to ! pr9cipal comp>tm5t ( ! :ole ru9s1 :i* may be call$ a small pla91 ?ickly /udd$ ) columns1 sixte5 ( :i* are n[ erect4 ,hav+ cross$ ?is pla91 on an em95ce are num]\s /up5d\s rema9s ( frames1 bo? ( w9d[s & doors1 =m$ by blocks ( m>ble ( sizes mo/ magnific5t4 ,^! frames are rang$ 9 a squ>e & indicate an ap>tm5t ! mo/ royal t c be conceiv$4 ,on ea* side ( ! frames are sculptur$ figures1 & ! m>ble /ill reta9s a poli% :i*1 9 its orig9al /ate1 mu/ h vi$ ) ! f9e/ mirrors4 ,on ea* corn] ( ?is room are p$e/als1 ( an elevation mu* m consid]able ?an ! surr\nd+ frames3 "o is =m$ ( a s+le block ( m>ble4 ,! front ( ?is ap>tm5t seems to h be5 to ! s\?-we/1 = few m>ks ( masonry are to be se5 on t exposure1 & ! base ( t side is ri*ly sculptur$ & ornam5t$4 ,?is front op5s ^u a squ>e plat=m1 on :i* no build+ appe>s to h be5 rais$4 ,b on ! side opposite to ! room j m5tion$1 !re is ! same appe>ance ( a correspond+ ap>tm5t1 al?\gh no?+ b ! bases ( "s small columns1 & ! squ>e ( its floor1 atte/ x to h be5 su*4 ,! int]val betwe5 ^! two rooms1 7on ^? angles :i* are ! mo/ di/ant f ! gr& front ( ! build+17 is fill$ up by ! base ( a sculpture1 simil> to ! bases ( ! two rooms1 except+ t ! c5t] ( x is occupi$ by a small flight ( /eps4 ,beh9d1 & contigu\s to ^! ru9s1 are ! rema9s ( ano!r squ>e room1 surr\nd$ on all sides by frames ( doors & w9d[s4 ,on ! floor are ! bases ( columns3 f ! ord] 9 :i* !y appe> to h /ood1 !y =m$ six r[s1 ea* ( six columns4 ,a /aircase1 cut into an imm5se mass ( rock1 leads into ! less] & inclos$ pla9 bel[4 ,t[>d ! pla9 are also ?ree small] rooms1 or r "o room & ! bases ( two closets4 ,ev]y?+ on ?is "p ( ! build+ indicates rooms ( re/ or retirem5t4 ,9 ! re> ( ! :ole ( ^! rema9s1 are ! b$s ( aqu$ucts1 :i* are cut into ! solid rock4 ,!y occur 9 e "p ( ! build+1 & are probably1 !re=e1 z ext5sive 9 _! c\rse1 z !y are magnific5t 9 _! con/ruction4 ,! great aqu$uct is to be discov]$ among a confus$ heap ( /ones1 n f> beh9d ! build+s describ$ above1 on t qu>t] ( ! palace1 & almo/ adjo9+ to a ru9$ /aircase4 ,its b$ 9 "s places is cut t5 feet into ! rock4 ,?is b$ leads ea/ & we/2 to ! ea/w>d its desc5t is rapid1 ab\t tw5ty-five paces2 x !re n>r[s1 b aga9 enl>ges1 s t a man ( common hight may /& upright 9 x4 ,x t]m9ates by an abrupt rock4 ,proce$+ f ?is t[>d ! m\nta9s1 situat$ 9 ! re> ( ! great hall ( columns1 /& ! rema9s ( a magnific5t room4 ,"h are /ill left walls1 frames & porticos1 ! sides ( :i* are ?ickly ornam5t$ ) bass-reliefs ( a v>iety ( compositions4 ,?is hall is a p]fect squ>e4 ,to ! "r ( ?is1 & fur!r to ! s\?w>d1 are m fragm5ts1 ! walls & compon5t p>ts app>5tly ( ano!r room4 ,to ! left ( ?is1 & !re=e to ! nor?w>d ( ! build+1 are ! rema9s ( a portal1 on :i* are to be trac$ ! features ( a sph9x4 ,/ill t[>d ! nor?1 9 a sep>ate collection1 is ! ru9 ( a column1 :i*1 f ! fragm5ts ab\t x1 mu/ h support$ a sph9x4 ,9 a recess ( ! m\nta91 to ! nor?w>d1 is a portico4 ,almo/ 9 a l9e ) ! c5t] ( ! hall ( columns1 on ! surface ( ! m\nta91 is a tomb4 ,to ! s\?w>d ( t is ano!r1 9 l mann] on ! m\nta9's surface2 betwe5 bo?1 & j on ! po9t :]e ! asc5t f ! pla9 comm5ces1 is a res]voir ( wat]4 ,^!1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,mori]1 9 ! acc\nt ( 8 embassy to ,p]sia1 con/itute "s ( ! pr9cipal objects among ! ru9s ( ,p]sepolis2 & ?is is confirm$ by ,sir ,rob]t ,k] ,port]1 :o gives /ill m copi\s acc\nts ( ^! ru9s1 z may be se5 9 ! v int]e/+ n>rative ( 8 travels4 ,,royal ,,palace ,,( ,,ispahan4 ,! palaces ( ! k+ are inclos$ 9 a =t ( l(ty walls1 :i* is e/imat$ to h a circumf]5ce ( ?ree miles4 ,! palace ( ! ,*ehel ,sitoon1 or #8=ty pill>s1' is situat$ 9 ! middle ( an imm5se squ>e1 :i* is int]sect$ by v>i\s canals1 & plant$ 9 diff]5t directions by ! beautiful *5> tree4 ,9 front is an ext5sive squ>e bas9 ( wat]1 f ! fur!/ extremity ( :i* ! palace is beautiful beyond ei!r ! p[] ( language or ! correctness ( p5cil to del9eate4 ,! fir/ saloon is op5 t[>d ! g>d51 is support$ by eighte5 pill>s1 all inlaid ) mirrors1 &1 ! glass be+ 9 a mu* great] proportion ?an ! wood1 appe>s at a di/ance to be =m$ ( glass only4 ,ea* pill> has a m>ble base1 :i* is c>v$ into ! figures ( f\r lions plac$ 9 su* attitudes1 t ! %aft seems to re/ on _! f\r unit$ backs4 ,! walls1 :i* =m its t]m9ation beh9d1 are also cov]$ ) mirrors plac$ 9 su* a v>iety ( symmetrical positions1 t ! mass ( ! /ructure appe>s to be ( glass1 & :5 new mu/ h glitt]$ ) mo/ magnific5t spl5dor4 ,! ceil+ is pa9t$ 9 gold fl[]s1 :i* are /ill fre% & brilliant4 ,l>ge curta9s are susp5d$ on ! outside1 :i* are occasionally l[]$ to less5 ! heat ( ! sun4 ,,! ,,temple ,,( ,,mecca4 ,?is magnific5t temple1 to :i* pilgrims resort f e qu>t] ( ! globe :]e ! religion ( ,islamism is practic$1 is kn[n by ! ,mussulmans "u ! "n ( ,el ,h>am1 or ! temple ( excell5ce4 ,x is situat$ ne>ly 9 ! middle ( ! city1 :i* is built 9 a valley1 hav+ a consid]able slope f ! nor? to ! s\?4 ,x is compos$ ( ! h\se ( ,god1 ,beit ,allah1 or z x is call$ also1 ,la ,kaaba2 ( ! well ( ,zemzem1 ,bir ,zemzem2 ( ! ,cobba1 or place ( ,abraham1 ,makham ,ibrahim2 ( ! places ( ! f\r or?odox rites1 ,makam ,hhaneffi1 ,makam ,%affi1 ,makam ,maleki1 & ,makam ,hhanbeli2 ( two ,cobbas1 or *apels1 ,el-,cobbata92 ( an ar*1 call$ ,babes-selem1 79 ! same /yle z a triumphal ar*17 ne> ! place ( ,abraham2 ( ,el-,monb> or ! tribune = ! prie/2 ( ! wood5 /aircase1 ,daureh1 :i* leads to ! saloon ( ! h\se ( ,god2 ( an imm5se c\rt1 surr\nd$ by a triple r[ ( ar*es2 ( two small] c\rts1 surr\nd$ ) elegant piazzas2 ( n9ete5 doors2 & ( sev5 t[]s1 or m9>ets1 five ( :i* adh]e to ! edifice1 & ! o!r two are plac$ betwe5 ! neighbor+ h\ses out ( ! inclosure4 ,la ,kaaba1 ,beit ,allah1 or ! h\se ( ,god1 is a quadrilat]al t[]1 ! sides & angles ( :i* are unequal1 s t its plan =ms a true trapezium4 ,! size ( ! edifice1 & ! black clo? :i* cov]s x1 make ?is irregul>ity disappe>1 & give to x ! figure ( a p]fect squ>e4 ,! black /one1 ,hhaj]a el ,ass\ad1 or heav5ly /one1 :i* all true ,mussulmans believe to h be5 br\ght ?i!r by ! angel ,gabriel1 is rais$ =ty-two in*es above ! surface1 & is bord]$ all r\nd ) a l>ge plate ( silv]1 ab\t a foot broad4 ,! "p ( ! /one t is n cov]$ by ! silv] at ! angle is almo/ a semicircle1 six in*es 9 hight1 by ab\t eight in*es diamet] at its base4 ,el ,bir ,zemzem1 or ! well ( ,zemzem1 is situat$ fifty-"o feet di/ant to ! nor?-ea/ ( ! black /one4 ,x is ab\t sev5 feet & eight in*es 9 diamet]1 & fifty-six feet deep to ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,! brim is ( f9e :ite m>ble1 five feet high4 ,tradition says t ?is well 0 miracul\sly op5$ by ! angel ( ! ,"l = ,hag>1 :5 %e 0 ne>ly p]i%+ f ?ir/ 9 ! des]t ) h] son ,i%mael1 aft] hav+ be5 s5t f ,abraham's h\se4 ,! ,kaaba1 & ! /ones ( ,i%mael1 are situat$ ne>ly 9 ! c5t] ( ! temple1 & occupy ! middle ( an oval or irregul> elliptical surface1 :i* =ms a zone ( ?irty-n9e feet wide r\nd ! edifice1 ^u :i* ! pilgrims make _! t\rs r\nd ! ,kaaba4 ,x is pav$ ) f9e m>ble1 & is situat$ ^u ! l[e/ plane ( ! temple4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,! ,,holy ,,l&4 ------------------------------------ ,! entire c\ntry kn[n z ,pale/9e1 or ,judea1 or ! ,holy ,l&1 is full ( int]e/1 & associat$ to our m9ds ) ! wond]s & miracles connect$ ) ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ to our _w4 ,"t w\ld fail to notice all ! localities ( ?is c\ntry1 on :i* ! m9d loves to l+]2 b a few ( !m w be allud$ to4 ,"o ( ^!1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut bel[1 is ,illu/ration3 ,,jacob',s ,,well4 ,,jacob',s ,,well4 ,?is 0 ne> to ,%e*em1 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t cities ( ,canaan1 :i* 0 ! capital ( ! k+dom ( ,israel 9 ! "t ( ,j]oboam1 & 0 associat$ ) "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ev5ts ( patri>*al times1 z well z ) ! disc\rse ( ,*ri/ to ! woman ( ,sam>ia1 :i* result$ 9 ! conv]sion ( sev]al ( ! ,sam>itans to ! true fai?4 8,i f\nd ?is well10 says a late travel]1 89 ! mid/ ( ! ru9s ( a magnific5t build+ t once cov]$ & adorn$ x4 ,hewn /ones1 blocks ( m>ble1 & fragm5ts ( granite columns1 7 to be se5 amid ! g5]al wreck4 ,! n>r[ m\? ( ! well 0 /opp$ up ) l>ge loose /ones1 at :i* we all tugg$ until ,i ne>ly broke my back2 b "o ( !m defi$ our utmo/ endeavors4 ,i kneel$ d[n & peep$ into ! ar*$ *amb]1 f ! floor ( :i* ! well prop] is sunk into ! liv+ rock "s hundr$ feet or m4 ,a little1 gray-head$ old ,arab held my horse2 ! y\ng] m5 /ood ar\nd & look$ on1 :ile ,i sat d[n at ! indubitable well ( ! patri>*1 & read3 #8,jesus1 !re=e1 be+ we>i$ ) 8 j\rney1 sat ?us on ! well3 & x 0 ab\t ! six? h\r4 ,!re come? a woman ( ,sam>ia to draw wat]4 ,jesus sai? unto h]1 ,give me to dr9k4 7,= 8 disciples _h gone away unto ! city to buy meat47 ,!n sai? ! woman unto him1 ,h[ is x t ?\1 be+ a ,jew1 aske/ dr9k ( me1 :o am a woman ( ,sam>ia8 7= ! ,jews h no deal+s ) ! ,sam>itans47 ,jesus answ]$ & said unto h]1 ,if ?\ knewe/ ! gift ( ,god1 & :o x is t sai? to !e1 ,give me to dr9k1 ?\ w\ld/ h ask$ ( him1 & he w\ld h giv5 !e liv+ wat]4 ,! woman sai? unto him1 ,sir1 ?\ ha/ no?+ to draw )1 & ! well is deep2 f :5ce1 !n1 ha/ ?\ t liv+ wat]8 ,art ?\ great] ?an our fa!r ,jacob1 :o gave u ! well & drank !re( himself1 & 8 *ildr51 & 8 cattle8 ,jesus answ]$ & said unto h]1 ,:osoev] dr9ke? ( ?is wat] %all ?ir/ aga92 b :osoev] dr9ke? ( ! wat] t ,i %all give him %all nev] ?ir/2 b ! wat] t ,i %all give him %all be 9 him a well ( wat] spr++ up into ev]la/+ life4' ,"h ,i clos$ ! book1 & ) a gu% ( unutt]able joy1 exclaim$1 #8,spr+ up1 ,o well1 ,i ev] cry1 spr+ up )9 ,,my s\l6'0 ,,be?lehem4 ,be?lehem1 celebrat$ ?r\gh\t ! _w z ! bir?place ( ! ,r$eem]1 is situat$ at ! di/ance ( six miles s\?-we/ f ,j]usalem1 9 a f9e c\ntry1 ble/ ) a salubri\s air1 & abundant f]tility4 ,! wat] is convey$ 9 a l[ aqu$uct :i* =m]ly pass$ to ,j]usalem4 ,! fons signatus is a *>m+ spr+1 yield+ a con/ant supply ( wat] to ?ree l>ge ci/]ns1 "o ( :i* is /ill 9 good pres]vation4 ,at a small di/ance f ^!1 a beautiful rivulet call$ ! delici ,solomonis1 laves ! h]bage ( ! valley1 & f]tilizes sev]al f9e g>d5s1 :ile ! circumjac5t soil is ri*ly clo!d ) an elegant assemblage ( fig-trees1 v9es & olives4 ,be?lehem receiv$ its "n1 :i* signifies ! h\se ( bread1 f ,abraham2 & x 0 surnam$ ,ephratah1 ! fruitful1 aft] ,caleb's wife1 to di/+ui% x f ano!r ,be?lehem1 9 ! tribe ( ,zebulon4 ,x belong$ to ! tribe ( ,judah1 & also w5t by ! "n ( ! city ( ,david1 t mon>* hav+ !re be5 born1 & t5d$ %eep 9 8 *ildhood4 ,elimele*1 ,ob$1 ,jesse1 & ,boaz1 71 l ,david1 natives ( ,be?lehem1 & "h mu/ be plac$ ! sc5e ( ! admirable eclogue ( ,ru?4 ,mat!w1 ! apo/le1 0 also born 9 ! village ( ,be?lehem4 ,! conv5t n[ at ,be?lehem is connect$ ) ! *ur* by a c\rt inclos$ ) l(ty walls4 ,?is c\rt leads by a small side door into ! *ur*4 ,! edifice is c]ta9ly ( high antiquity1 & ?\gh (t5 de/roy$ & z (t5 repair$1 x /ill reta9s m>ks ( its ,grecian orig94 ,on ! pavem5t at ! foot ( ! alt>1 y obs]ve a m>ble />1 :i* corresponds1 z tradition w\ld h u believe1 ) ! po9t ( ! heav5s :]e ! miracul\s /> t conduct$ ! ?ree k+s became /ation>y4 ,! ,greeks occupy ! *oir ( ! ,magi1 z well z ! two o!r naves =m$ by ! trans=m ( ! cross4 ,^! la/ are empty1 & )\t alt>s4 ,two spiral /aircases1 ea* compos$ ( fifte5 /eps1 op5 on ! sides ( ! out] *ur*1 & conduct to ! subt]rane\s *ur* situat$ b5ea? ?is *oir4 ,at ! fur!r extremity ( ! crypt1 on ! ea/ side1 is ! spot :]e tradition reports t ! ,r$eem] ( mank9d 0 born4 ,?is spot is m>k$ by a :ite m>ble1 incru/$ ) jasp]1 & surr\nd$ by a circle ( silv]1 hav+ rays resembl+ ^? ) :i* ! sun is repres5t$4 ,ar\nd x are inscrib$ ^! words3 ,,hic ,,de ,,virg9e ,,m>ia ,,jesus ,,*ri/us ,,natus ,,e/4 ,at ! di/ance ( sev5 paces t[>d ! s\?1 aft] y h pass$ ! foot ( "o ( ! /aircases lead+ to ! upp] *ur*1 y f9d :at is call$ 8! ,mang]40 ,y g d[n to x by two /eps1 = x is n ^u a level ) ! re/ ( ! crypt4 ,x is a l[ recess1 hewn out ( ! rock4 ,a block ( :ite m>ble1 rais$ ab\t a foot above ! floor1 & holl[$ 9 ! =m ( a mang]1 indicates ! spot :]e tradition says our ,savi\r 0 laid ^u /raw4 ,two paces fur!r1 opposite to ! mang]1 /&s an alt>1 :i*1 ! same tradition w\ld tea*1 occupies ! place :]e ,m>y sat :5 %e pres5t$ ! ,*ild ( ,sorr[ to ! adoration ( ! ,magi4 ,no?+ c be m pleas+ to ! view ?an ?is subt]rane\s *ur*4 ,x is adorn$ ) pictures ( ! ,italian & ,spani% s*ools4 ,^! pictures repres5t ! my/]ies ( ! place1 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 aft] ,raphael1 ! annunciation1 ! adoration ( ! wise m51 ! com+ ( ! %eph]ds1 & all ^? miracles ( m+l$ gr&eur & innoc5ce4 ,! ornam5ts ( ! mang] are ( blue sat9 embroid]$ ) silv]4 ,inc5se is cont9ually smok+ be=e ! cradle ( ! ,savi\r4 ,! grotto ( ! ,nativity leads to ! subt]rane\s *apel1 :]e tradition places ! sepul*] ( ! ,innoc5ts3 8,h]od s5t =? & slew all ! *ildr5 t 7 9 ,be?lehem1 & 9 all ! coa/s !re(1 f two ye>s old & "u4 ,!n 0 fulfill$ t :i* 0 spok5 by ,j]emiah ! prophet1 say+3 ,9 ,rama 0 !re a voice he>d10 c4 ,,naz>e?4 ,! village ( ,naz>e? is situat$ 9 a long valley1 surr\nd$ by l(ty hills1 betwe5 :i* a road leads to ! neighbor+ pla9 ( ,esdraelon1 & to ,j]usalem4 ,! conv5t is situat$ 9 ! l[] "p ( ! village2 & ! *ur* belong+ to x1 a v h&some edifice1 is erect$ ov] ! grotto1 or cave1 9 :i* 7tradition says7 ! ,virg9 ,m>y took up h] resid5ce4 ,! o!r objects ( int]e/ 9 ,naz>e? are1 ! synagogue1 :]e ,*ri/ is said to h read ! ,scriptures to ! ,jews1 at pres5t a *ur*2 a precipice )\t ! t[n1 :]e1 !y say1 ! ,jews endeavor$ to ca/ ,*ri/ d[n aft] 8 spee* 9 ! synagogue2 & a *ur* call$ 8! *ur* ( ! ,annunciation10 erect$1 z !y say1 on ! spot :]e ,m>y1 ! "m ( our ,"l1 receiv$ ! div9e message4 ,x is ! mo/ magnific5t *ur* 9 ! l& except t ( ! ,holy ,sepul*] at ,j]usalem4 ,,! ,,holy ,,sepul*] ,,at ,,j]usalem4 ,! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*]1 a view ( :i* is giv5 on ! next page1 is v irregul>1 ow+ to ! nature & situation ( ! places :i* x 0 design$ to compreh5d4 ,x is ne>ly 9 ! =m ( a cross1 be+ "o hundr$ & tw5ty paces 9 l5g?1 exclusive ( ! desc5t to :at is call$ ! place ( ! discov]y ( ! ,holy ,cross1 & sev5ty 9 bread?4 ,x has ?ree domes1 ( :i* t cov]+ ! ,holy ,sepul*] s]ves = ! nave ( ! *ur*4 ,x is ?irty feet 9 diamet]1 & is cov]$ at ! top l ! rotunda at ,rome4 ,!re is n any cupola1 ! ro( be+ support$ by l>ge raft]s1 br\ght f ,m\nt ,lebanon4 ,on ent]+ ! *ur*1 y come to ! 8/one ( unction10 on :i* tradition says ! body ( our ,"l 0 ano9t$ ) myrrh & aloes1 be=e x 0 laid 9 ! sepul*]4 ,"s say1 t x is ( ! same rock z ,m\nt ,calv>y2 & o!rs ass]t1 t x 0 br\ght to ?is place by ,joseph & ,nicodemus1 secret disciples ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o p]=m$ ?is pi\s (fice1 & t x is ( a gre5i% color4 ,be t z x may1 on acc\nt ( ! indiscretion ( c]ta9 pilgrims1 :o broke (f pieces1 x 0 f\nd necess>y to cov] x ) :ite m>ble1 & to surr\nd x ) an iron rail+1 le/ p %\ld walk ov] x4 ,?is /one is eight feet1 want+ ?ree in*es1 9 l5g?1 & two feet1 want+ "o in*1 9 bread?3 & above x1 eight lamps are kept cont9ually burn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,sepul*]4 ,! ,holy ,sepul*]1 z x is call$1 is ?irty paces f ?is /one1 exactly 9 ! c5t] ( ! great dome3 x resembles a small closet1 hewn out ( ! solid rock4 ,! entrance1 :i* faces ! ea/1 is only f\r feet high1 & two feet & a qu>t] broad4 ,! int]ior ( ! sepul*] is ne>ly squ>e4 ,x is six feet1 want+ an in*1 9 l5g?1 & six feet1 want+ two in*es1 9 bread?1 & f ! floor to ! ro(1 eight feet & "o in*4 ,!re is a solid block ( ! same /one1 :i* 0 left 9 excavat+ ! o!r "p3 ?is is two feet1 f\r in*es & a half high1 & occupies half ( ! sepul*]1 = x is six feet1 want+ "o in*1 9 l5g?1 & two feet & five-six?s wide4 ,on ?is table1 tradition says1 ! body ( our ,"l 0 laid1 ) ! head t[>d ! we/1 & ! feet to ! ea/2 b1 on acc\nt ( ! sup]/iti\s devotion ( ! ,ori5tals1 :o imag9e t1 if !y leave _! hair ^u ?is /one1 ,god w nev] =sake !m1 & also1 because ! pilgrims broke (f pieces1 x has receiv$ a cov]+ ( :ite m>ble1 on :i* mass is n[ celebrat$4 ,=ty-f\r lamps are con/antly burn+ 9 ?is sacr$ place1 & ?ree holes h be5 made 9 ! ro( = ! emission ( ! smoke4 ,! ext]ior ( ! sepul*] is also fac$ ) slabs ( m>ble1 & adorn$ ) sev]al columns1 hav+ a dome above4 ,! ,holy ,sepul*] is compos$ ( ?ree *ur*es3 t ( ! ,holy ,sepul*]1 prop]ly s call$2 t ( ,calv>y2 & ! *ur* ( ! ,discov]y ( ! ,holy ,cross4 ,! fir/ is built 9 ! valley at ! foot ( ,calv>y1 on ! spot :]e tradition reports t ! body ( ,*ri/ 0 deposit$4 ,?is *ur* 0 9 ! =m ( a cross1 ! *apel ( ! ,holy ,sepul*] con/itut+1 9 fact1 ! nave ( ! edifice4 ,x is circul>1 l ! ,pan!on at ,rome1 & is light$ only by a dome1 b5ea? :i* is ! sepul*]4 ,sixte5 m>ble columns adorn ! circumf]5ce ( ?is rotunda3 !y are connect$ by sev5te5 ar*es1 & support an upp] gall]y1 likewise compos$ ( sixte5 columns & sev5te5 ar*es1 ( small] dim5sions ?an ^? ( ! l[] range4 ,ni*es1 correspond+ ) ! ar*es1 appe> above ! frieze ( ! second gall]y1 & ! dome spr+s f ! ar* ( ^! ni*es4 ,! orig9 ( ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*] is ( high antiquity4 ,! au?or ( ! 8,epitome ( ! ,holy ,w>0 ass]ts1 t =ty-six ye>s aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ,vespasian & ,titus1 ! ,*ri/ians obta9$ p]mission ( ,adrian to build1 or r rebuild1 a *ur* ov] ! tomb ( _! ,"l1 & to inclose1 9 ! new city1 ! o!r places v5]at$ by ! ,*ri/ians4 ,?is *ur*1 he adds1 0 greatly enl>g$ & repair$ by ,hel5a1 ! "m ( ,con/ant9e4 ,,m\nt ,,tabor4 ,?is rem>kable m\nta91 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut on ! next page1 is on ! conf9es ( ,zebulon & ,naph?ali1 on ! nor?-ea/ bord] ( ! pla9 ( ,esdraelon1 ab\t six miles s\? ( ,naz>e?4 ,x is graceful & picturesque 9 its outl9es1 pres5t+ diff]5t appe>ances z view$ f diff]5t po9ts1 :i* acc\nts = ! div]sities 9 ! pictorial repres5tations we h ( x4 ,f ! nor? x has ! appe>ance ( ! segm5t ( a sph]e1 & appe>s beautifully wood$ on ! summit1 af=d+ retreats to ! animals = :om 8! net 0 spread on ,tabor40 7,hosea v4 #a47 ,f ! we/ x is l a truncat$ cone1 appe>+ mu* /eep] & high]1 ) ! s\!rn side almo/ de/itute ( trees4 ,b on all sides x is a m>k$ & prom95t object1 z ! prophet intimates :5 he says1 8z ,tabor is among ! m\nta9s40 7,j]emiah xlvi4 #ah47 ,! view f ! summit is truly beautiful4 ,! f\ndations ( anci5t build+s1 & ! rema9s ( wat]-tanks1 9 :i* cool wat] is /ill collect$ f ! dripp+s ( ! rocks1 are /ill to be se5 on ! top ( ,tabor4 ,on ?is m\nta9 0 ! encampm5t ( ,b>ak's army on ! eve ( its battle ) ! ho/s ( ,sis]a4 7,judges iv4 #f1 #ad47 ,tradition indicates ?is z ! sc5e ( ,*ri/'s transfiguration4 ,?is may well be d\bt$1 ow+ to ! di/ance ( ?is m\nta9 f ,cs>ea ,philippi1 ne> :i* place our ,"l left ! n9e disciples ! day be=e4 ,besides1 ?is m\nta9 0 at ! "t occupi$ by a =tifi$ t[n1 & ?us did n1 z well z "s o!r hights1 answ] ! description ( 8a high m\nta9 ap>t10 or solit>y4 7,mat!w xvii4 #a47 ,no d\bt ! "n ( ! m\nta9 0 conceal$ by design1 to avoid giv+ occasion to ! sup]/iti\s obs]vances ( place1 :i* our ,"l =esaw w\ld be practic$1 9 aft] ages1 by _m call+ !mselves aft] 8 "n4 ,! ,arab "n ( ,tabor is ,jebel-,tur4 ,!re 0 a ,levitical city on ,tabor ( ! same "n4 7#a ,*ronicles vi4 #gg47 ,! ,tabor m5tion$ 9 #a ,samuel x4 #c1 0 n ,m\nt ,tabor1 b a place 9 ! vic9ity ( ! t]ritory ( ,b5jam94 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,tabor4 ,,! ,,m\nt ,,( ,,olives4 ,! foll[+ descriptions ( "s ( ! spots 9 ! ,holy ,l& :i* excite a m p>ticul> int]e/1 are extract$ f ,dr4 ,cl>ke's v valuable 8,travels 9 ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa40 8,z we advanc$1 our j\rney l$ ?r\gh an op5 campaign c\ntry1 until1 ^u our "r1 ! guides %[$ u ! m\nt :]e x is believ$ t ,*ri/ prea*$ to 8 disciples t memorable s]mon1 conc5trat+ ! sum & sub/ance ( e ,*ri/ian virtue4 ,we left our r\te to visit ?is elevat$ spot2 &1 hav+ atta9$ ! highe/ po9t ( x1 a view 0 pres5t$1 :i*1 = its gr&eur1 indep5d5tly ( ! int]e/ excit$ by ! diff]5t objects conta9$ 9 x1 has no p>allel 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,f ?is situation we p]ceiv$ t ! pla91 ov] :i* we _h be5 s long rid+1 0 itself v elevat$4 ,f> b5ea? appe>$ o!r pla9s1 "o l[] ?an ! o!r1 & ext5d+ to ! surface ( ! sea ( ,tib]ias1 or sea ( ,galilee4 ,?is imm5se lake1 almo/ equal1 9 ! gr&eur ( its appe>ance1 to t ( ,g5eva1 spreads its wat]s ov] all ! l[] t]ritory1 ext5d+ f ! nor?-ea/ t[>d ! s\?-we/1 & !n be>+ ea/ ( u4 ,its ea/]n %ores pres5t a sublime sc5e ( m\nta9s1 ext5d+ t[>d ! nor? & s\?1 & seem+ to close x 9 at ei!r extremity1 bo? t[>d ,*oraz91 :]e ! ,jordan ent]s1 & ! ,aulon1 or ,campus-magnus1 ?r\gh :i* x fl[s to ! ,dead sea4 ,! cultivat$ pla9s rea*+ to its bord]s1 :i* we beheld at an amaz+ dep? bel[ our view1 resembl$1 by ! v>i\s hues _! diff]5t produce exhibit$1 ! motley patt]n ( a va/ c>pet4 ,to ! nor? appe>$ sn[y summits1 t[]+1 beyond a s]ies ( int]v5+ m\nta9s1 ) unspeakable greatness4 ,we consid]$ !m z ! summits ( ,libanus2 b ! ,arabs belong+ to our c>avan call$ ! pr9cipal em95ce ,jebel el ,sieh1 say+ x 0 ne> ,damascus2 probably1 !re=e1 a "p ( ! *a9 ( ,libanus4 ,?is summit 0 s l(ty1 t ! sn[ entirely cov]$ ! upp] "p ( x2 n ly+ 9 pat*es1 z ,i h se5 x1 dur+ summ]1 ^u ! tops ( v elevat$ m\nta9s1 7= in/ance1 ^u t ( ,b5 ,nevis1 9 ,scotl&17 b inve/+ all ! high] "p ) t p]fect :ite & smoo?1 velvet-l appe>ance :i* sn[ exhibits :5 x is v deep2 a /rik+ spectacle 9 su* a climate1 :]e ! behold]1 seek+ protection f a burn+ sun1 almo/ consid]s ! firmam5t to be on fire40 ,,o!r ,,rev]$ ,,sites4 8,z we rode t[>d ! sea ( ,tib]ias1 ! guides po9t$ to a slop+ spot f ! hights ^u our "r1 :5ce we _h desc5d$1 z ! place :]e ! miracle 0 accompli%$ by :i* our ,savi\r f$ ! multitude3 x is !re=e call$ ! ,multiplication ( ,bread2 z ! m\nt above1 :]e ! s]mon 0 prea*$ to 8 disciples1 is call$ ! ,m\nta9 ( ,beatitudes1 f ! expressions us$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( t disc\rse4 ,! lake n[ cont9u$ 9 view ^u our left4 ,! w9d r5d]$ its surface r\gh1 & call$ to m9d ! situation ( our ,savi\r's disciples1 :51 9 "o ( ! small vessels :i* trav]se ^! wat]s1 !y 7 toss$ 9 a /orm1 & saw ,jesus 9 ! f\r? wat* ( ! night1 walk+ to !m ^u ! waves4 ,(t5 z ?is subject has be5 pa9t$1 comb9+ a numb] ( circum/ances adapt$ = ! repres5tation ( sublimity1 no arti/ has be5 aw>e ( ! uncommon gr&eur ( ! sc5]y1 memorable on acc\nt ( ! transaction4 ,! lake ( ,g5es>e? is surr\nd$ by objects well calculat$ to hight5 ! solemn impression made by su* a picture2 &1 indep5d5t ( ! local feel+s likely to be excit$ 9 its contemplation1 af=ds "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ prospects 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,along ! bord]s ( ?is lake may /ill be se5 ! rema9s ( ^? anci5t tombs1 hewn by ! e>lie/ inhabitants ( ,galilee1 9 ! rocks :i* face ! wat]4 ,simil> works 7 be=e notic$ among ! ru9s ( ,telmessus4 ,!y 7 des]t$ 9 ! "t ( our ,savi\r1 & _h become ! resort ( wret*$ m51 afflict$ by diseases1 & made outca/s ( society2 = 9 ! acc\nt ( ! cure p]=m$ by our ,savi\r ^u a maniac 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,gad>5es1 ^! tombs are p>ticul>ly allud$ to2 & _! exi/5ce to ?is day1 7al?\gh !y h be5 nei!r notic$ by prie/s nor pilgrims1 & h escap$ ! ravages ( ! empress ,hel5a1 :o w\ld und\bt$ly h %ap$ !m into *ur*es17 (f]s /rong int]nal evid5ce ( ! accuracy ( ! evangeli/ :o has record$ ! transaction3 #8,!re met him out ( ! tombs a man ) an unclean _s1 :o _h 8 dwell+ among ! tombs4'0 ,,m\nt ,,c>mel4 ,m\nt ,c>mel is a tall promontory1 =m+ ! t]m9ation ( a range ( hills1 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,pale/9e1 & t[>d ! sea4 ,x is fifte5 hundr$ feet high1 & is fam\s = its cav]ns1 :i* are said to be m ?an a ?\s& 9 numb]4 ,mo/ ( !m are 9 ! we/]n "p ( x4 ,"h also 0 ! cave ( ! prophet ,elijah4 ,bo? ,elijah & ,eli%a us$ to resort to ?is m\nta91 & "h x 0 t ! =m] oppos$ ! prophets ( ,baal ) su* success4 ,"h x 01 too1 t ?is prophet w5t up1 :5 he told 8 s]vant to look =? t[>d ! sea yet sev5 times1 & ! sev5? "t he saw a cl\d com+ f ! sea 8l a man's h&20 :5 ! prophet knew ! promis$ ra9 0 at h&1 & gird$ up 8 lo9s & ran be=e ,ahab's *>iot ev5 to ! gates ( ,jezreel4 7,see #a ,k+s xviii4 #d-df47 ,,m\nt ,,ar>at4 ,?is m\nta91 :i* is highly wor?y ( our notice z ! "o on :i* ! ark re/$1 is1 by ! g5]al cons5t ( we/]n ,asia & ( ,europe1 decid$ to be ! m\nta9 ( ,ara ,dagh 9 ,arm5ia2 & t ?is op9ion is correct1 w\ld seem pla9 f ! /atem5t ( ! ,bible t ,ar>at 0 9 ,arm5ia1 tak5 9 connection ) ! fact1 t 9 all t c\ntry !re is no m\nta9 comp>able to ?is4 ,x is 9 all respects a mo/ noble m\nta91 & "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! _w4 8,:5 our eyes fir/ beheld x10 says ,kitto1 8we _h already se5 ! l(tie/ & mo/ rem>kable m\nta9s ( ! old _w2 b yet ! effect ( ! view ( ?is m\nta9 0 new & surpris+4 ,! reason appe>$ to be ?is1 t mo/ ( ! l(tie/ m\nta9s ( ! _w are b peaks ( ! upp]mo/ ridge ( m\nta9 *a9s2 b ,ar>at1 ?\gh n s high z _m ( ^!1 is f> m gr& & impressive1 because x is n m]ely ! summit ( a ridge1 b a :ole & p]fect m\nta940 8,no?+10 z ,mr4 ,mori] well rem>ks1 8c be m beautiful ?an its %ape1 or m awful ?an its hight2 all ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s s9k into insignificance :5 comp>$ ) x4 ,x is p]fect 9 all its p>ts2 hav+ no h>d1 rugg$ features1 & no unnatural prom95ces2 b ev]y?+ is 9 h>mony1 & all comb9es to r5d] x "o ( ! sublime/ objects ( nature40 ,x rises f ! valley ( ! riv] ,aras1 ! anci5t ,araxes1 gradually t[]+ f its broad base1 till x rea*es ! region ( p]petual sn[1 7:i* is ab\t "o-?ird bel[ its summit17 :5 x becomes m conical & /eep1 & is surm\nt$ ) a cr[n ( ice :i* glitt]s 9 ! sun ) peculi> brightness4 ,& ne> to ?is peak1 & ris+ f ! same broad base1 is ano!r almo/ exactly l x1 b small]1 :i* is d\btless ! reason :y ! sacr$ text speaks ( 8! m\nta9s ( ,ar>at10 r ?an ( a s+le m\nta94 ,! talle/ ( ! two is sev5te5 ?\s&1 sev5 hundr$ & fifty1 & ! l[e/ ?irte5 ?\s&1 f\r hundr$ & tw5ty feet above ! level ( ! sea1 :i* is "s ?ree ?\s& feet l[] ?an ! pla9 on :i* ,ar>at /&s4 ,! top ( ! m\nta91 x is said1 0 nev] rea*$ till #ahbi1 :5 ,mr4 ,p>rot1 a ,g]man1 succe$$ 9 climb+ to x1 & !re f\nd a slightly convex1 & almo/ circul> pla91 "s two hundr$ & tw5ty feet 9 diamet]1 decl9+ /eeply on all sides2 f :i* "s suppose1 t ! ark mu/ h re/$ on ! less] ,ar>at1 z x w\ld h be5 difficult = its inmates1 includ+ heavy cattle1 to h desc5d$ f ! high] summit4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,wond]s ,,( ,,art ,,resum$4 ------------------------------------ ,,! ,,mosque ,,( ,,om>4 ,dr4 ,cl>ke1 on view+ ?is mosque1 obs]ves1 t 8! sight 0 s gr&1 t he did n hesitate to pron\nce x ! mo/ magnific5t piece ( ar*itecture 9 ! ,turki% empire1 & consid]$ x1 ext]nally1 f> sup]ior to ! mosque ( ,/4 ,sophia1 9 ,con/ant9ople40 ,by ! sides ( ! spaci\s area 9 :i* x /&s1 are c]ta9 vault$ rema9s1 :i* pla9ly d5ote ! masonry ( ! anci5ts2 & he ?9ks t evid5ce may be adduc$ to prove1 t !y belong$ to ! f\ndations ( ,solomon's temple4 ,he obs]v$ also t reticulat$ /ucco1 :i* is commonly consid]$ z an evid5ce ( ,roman "w4 ,phocas believ$ ! :ole space surr\nd+ ?is build+ to be ! anci5t area ( ! temple2 & ,golius1 9 8 notes ^u ! ,a/ronomy ( ,alf]ganes1 says t ! :ole f\ndation ( ! orig9al edifice rema9$4 ,z to ! mosque itself1 !re is no build+ at ,j]usalem t c be comp>$ ) x1 ei!r 9 beauty or ri*es4 ,! l(ty ,s>ac5ic pomp s nobly display$ 9 ! /yle ( ! build+2 its num]\s arcades2 its capaci\s dome1 ) all ! /ately decorations ( ! place2 its ext5sive area1 pav$ & v>iegat$ ) ! *oice/ m>bles2 ! extreme neatness obs]v$ 9 e av5ue t[>d x2 &1 la/ly1 ! sumptu\s co/ume obs]vable 9 ! dresses ( all ! ea/]n devotees1 pass+ to & f ! sanctu>y1 make x altoge!r "o ( ! f9e/ sights ! ,mohamm$ans h to boa/4 ,,mosque ,,( ,,/4 ,,sophia ,,at ,,con/ant9ople4 ,! dome ( ?is celebrat$ /ructure is "o hundr$ & ?irte5 feet 9 diamet]1 & is built on ar*es1 su/a9$ by va/ pill>s ( m>ble4 ,! pavem5t & /aircase are also ( m>ble4 ,!re are two r[s ( gall]ies support$ by pill>s ( p>ty-color$ m>ble1 & ! entire ro( is ( f9e mosaic "w4 ,9 ?is mosque is ! sup]b tomb ( ! emp]or ,con/ant9e1 = :i* ! ,turks h ! highe/ v5]ation4 ,beside ! above1 two o!r mosques attract ! p>ticul> notice ( travel]s :o visit ! ,turki% capital4 ,t ( ! ,valide-,sultan1 f\nd$ by ! "m ( ,mohamm$ ,,iv41 is ! l>ge/1 & is built entirely ( m>ble4 ,its proportions are /up5d\s2 & x boa/s ! f9e/ symmetry4 ,! mosque ( ,sultan ,solyman is an exact squ>e1 ) f\r l9e t[]s 9 ! angles2 9 ! c5t] is a noble cupola1 support$ by beautiful m>ble pill>s4 ,two small] ones at ! extremities are support$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! pavem5t & gall]y surr\nd+ ! mosque are ( m>ble2 & "u ! great cupola is a f\nta91 adorn$ ) su* f9ely color$ pill>s1 t !y c sc>cely be deem$ ( natural m>ble4 ,on "o side is ! pulpit1 ( :ite m>ble2 & on ! o!r ! little gall]y = ! gr& seignior4 ,a f9e /aircase leads to x2 & x is built up ) gilt lattices4 ,at ! upp] end is a k9d ( alt>1 on :i* ! "n ( ,god is inscrib$3 & be=e x /& two c&le/icks1 six feet 9 hight1 ) wax c&les 9 proportion4 ,! pavem5t is spread ) f9e c>pets1 & ! mosque illum9at$ by a va/ numb] ( lamps4 ,! c\rt lead+ to x is v spaci\s1 ) gall]ies ( m>ble1 support$ by gre5 columns1 & cov]$ by tw5ty-eight lead5 cupolas on ! sides1 ) a f9e f\nta9 9 ! c5t]4 ,! mosque ( ,sultan ,selim ,i4 at ,adrianople1 is ano!r surpris+ monum5t ( ,turki% ar*itecture4 ,x is situat$ 9 ! c5t] & mo/ elevat$ "p ( ! city1 s z to make a v noble display4 ,! fir/ c\rt has f\r gates1 & ! inn]mo/ ?ree2 bo? be+ surr\nd$ by cloi/]s1 ) m>ble pill>s ( ! ,ionic ord]1 f9ely poli%$1 & ( v lively colors3 ! entire pavem5t is ( :ite m>ble1 & ! ro( ( ! cloi/]s is divid$ into sev]al cupolas or domes1 surm\nt$ ) gilt balls4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ea* c\rt are f9e f\nta9s ( :ite m>ble2 &1 be=e ! gr& entrance1 is a portico1 ) gre5 m>ble pill>s1 provid$ ) five gates4 ,! body ( ! mosque is "o prodigi\s dome1 adorn$ ) l(ty t[]s1 :5ce ! imaums1 or prie/s1 call ! p to pray]s4 ,! asc5t to ea* ( ^! t[]s is v artfully contriv$3 !re is b "o door1 :i* leads to ?ree diff]5t /aircases1 go+ to ?ree diff]5t /ories ( ! t[]1 9 su* a mann]1 t ?ree prie/s may asc5d & desc5d1 by a spiral progress1 )\t meet+ ea* o!r4 ,! walls ( ! int]ior are inlaid ) porcela91 ornam5t$ ) small fl[]s & o!r natural objects1 9 v lively colors4 ,9 ! c5t] hangs a va/ lamp ( gilt silv]1 besides :i* !re are at lea/ two ?\s& small] ones3 ! :ole1 :5 light$1 h a v spl5did effect4 ,,ru9s ,,( ,,c>?age4 ,! rema9s ( ! gr&eur & magnific5ce ( ,c>?age1 ! rival ( ,rome1 & "o ( ! mo/ comm]cial cities ( ! anci5t _w1 are n s /rik+ z might be expect$2 &1 at a little di/ance1 c sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f ! gr\nd on :i* !y lie4 ,! ve/iges ( triumphal ar*es1 ( sup]b specim5s ( ,grecian ar*itecture1 ( columns ( porphyry or granite1 or ( curi\s entablatures1 are no long] disc]nible3 all are vani%$2 & ?us w x be 9 future ages ) ! mo/ r5[n$ cities n[ on e>?6 ,to discov] ^! ru9s requires "s me?od4 ,leav+ ,tunis1 ! travel] rides along ! %ore 9 an ea/-nor?-ea/ direction1 & rea*es1 9 ab\t half an h\r1 ! salt-pits1 :i* ext5d t[>d ! we/1 z f> z a fragm5t ( wall1 v ne> to ! 8great res]voirs40 ,pass+ betwe5 ^! salt-pits & ! sea1 jetties are se5 runn+ out to a consid]able di/ance "u wat]4 ,! sea & ! jetties are on 8 "r2 on 8 left he p]ceives a great quantity ( ru9s1 ^u em95ces ( unequal hight2 & bel[ ^! ru9s a bas9 ( a circul> =m1 & ( consid]able dep?1 :i* =m]ly communicat$ ) ! sea by means ( a canal1 traces ( :i* are /ill to be se54 ,?is bas9 appe>s to h be5 ! 8,co?on10 or inn] port ( ,c>?age4 ,! rema9s ( ! imm5se works disc]nible 9 ! sea1 9 ?is case indicate ! site ( ! out] mole4 ,"s piles ( ! dam said to h be5 con/ruct$ by ,scipio1 = ! purpose ( block+ up ! port1 may be /ill di/+ui%$4 ,a second inn] canal is conjectur$ to h be5 ! cut made by ! ,c>?ag9ians1 :5 !y op5$ a new passage = _! fleet4 ,! great] "p ( ,c>?age 0 built on ?ree hills4 ,on a spot :i* ov]looks ! ea/]n %ore is ! area ( a spaci\s room1 ) sev]al small] ones adjo9+3 "s ( !m h tesselat$ pavem5ts2 & 9 all are f\nd brok5 pieces ( columns ( f9e m>ble & porphyry4 ,!y are conjectur$ to h be5 summ] ap>tm5ts b5ea? "o ( ! palaces1 su* z ! int5se heat ( ! climate mu/ h requir$4 ,9 r[+ along ! %ore1 ! common sew]s are /ill visible1 & are b little impair$ by "t4 ,) ! exception ( ^!1 ! ci/]ns h suff]$ ! lea/4 ,besides su* z belong to private h\ses1 !re are two sets = ! public use ( ! ,tunisians4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! 0 ! gr& res]voir1 & receiv$ ! wat] ( ! aqu$uct4 ,x lay ne> ! we/]n wall ( ! city1 & consi/$ ( upw>d ( tw5ty contigu\s ci/]ns1 ea* ab\t "o hundr$ feet 9 l5g?1 & ?irty 9 bread?4 ,!y =m a s]ies ( vaults1 communicat+ ) ea* o!r1 & are bord]$ ?r\gh\t _! :ole l5g? by a corridor4 ,! small] res]voir has a great] elevation1 & lies ne> ! ,co?on or inn] port4 ,! ru9s ( ! noble aqu$uct :i* convey$ ! wat] into ! l>g] ci/]ns1 may be trac$ z f> z ,zawan & ,zung>1 at lea/ fifty miles di/ant4 ,?is mu/ h be5 a truly magnific5t1 & at ! same "t1 a v exp5sive "w4 ,t "p ( x :i* ext5ds along ! p59sula 0 beautifully fac$ ) /one4 ,at ,arriana1 a village to ! nor? ( ,tunis1 are sev]al entire ar*es ea* sev5ty feet high1 & support$ by pi]s sixte5 feet squ>e4 ,! wat]-*annel is vault$ ov]1 & pla/]$ ) a /rong cem5t4 ,a p]son ( an ord9>y hight may walk upright 9 x2 & at int]vals are ap]tures1 left op51 z well = ! admission ( fre% air1 z = ! conv5i5ce ( cleans+ x4 ,! wat]-m>k is ne>ly ?ree feet high2 b x is impossible to det]m9e ! quantity daily convey$ to ,c>?age by ?is *annel1 )\t kn[+ ! angle ( desc5t1 :i*1 9 its pres5t imp]fect /ate1 c n be asc]ta9$4 ,temples 7 erect$ at ,zawan & ,zung>1 ov] ! f\nta9s by :i* ?is aqu$uct 0 suppli$4 ,t at ,zung> appe>s to h be5 ( ! ,cor9?ian ord]1 & t]m9ates v beautifully 9 a dome ) ?ree ni*es1 probably int5d$ = ! /atues ( ! div9ity ( ! spr+4 ,,! ,,pla9 ,,( ,,troy4 ,accord+ to ,hom]'s description ( ! ,trojan t]ritory1 x comb9$ c]ta9 prom95t & rem>kable features1 n likely to be affect$ by any lapse ( "t4 ,( ?is nature 0 ! ,hellespont2 ! isl& ( ,t5$os2 ! pla9 itself2 ! riv] by ^: inundations x 0 occasionally ov]fl[$2 & ! m\nta9 :5ce t riv] issu$4 ,! foll[+ is an ab/ract ( ,dr4 ,cl>ke's accurate acc\nt ( ! ve/iges ( high antiquity conta9$ 9 ?is truly classic spot4 8,we ent]$ an imm5se pla91 9 :i* "s ,turks 7 engag$ 9 hunt+ wild-bo>s4 ,peasants 7 also employ$ 9 pl[+ a deep & ri* soil ( vegetable e>?4 ,proce$+ t[>d ! ea/1 & r\nd ! bay di/9ctly po9t$ out by ,/rabo z ! h>bor 9 :i* ! ,grecian fleet 0 /ation$1 we arriv$ at ! sepul*] ( ,ajax1 ^u ! anci5t ,rhtean promontory4 ,! view "h af=d$ ( ! ,hellespont & ! pla9 ( ,troy is "o ( ! f9e/ ! c\ntry af=ds4 ,f ! ,aianteum we pass$ ov] a hea?y c\ntry to ,halil ,elly1 a village ne> ! ,?ymbrius1 9 ^: vic9ity we _h be5 in/ruct$ to seek ! rema9s ( a temple once sacr$ to ! ,?ymbrean ,apollo4 ,! ru9s we f\nd 7 r ! rema9s ( t5 temples ?an ( "o4 ,! e>? to a v consid]able ext5t 0 cov]$ by subv]t$ & brok5 columns ( m>ble1 granite1 & ( e ord] 9 ar*itecture4 ,doric1 ,ionic & ,cor9?ian capitals lay disp]s$ 9 all directions1 & "s ( ^! 7 ( great beauty4 ,we obs]v$ a bass-relief repres5t+ a p]son on horseback pursu$ by a w+$ figure2 also a beautiful repres5tation1 sculptur$ aft] ! same mann]1 ( ,c]es 9 h] c> drawn by two scaly s]p5ts4 8,at ! t[n or village ( ,t*iblack1 we notic$ v consid]able rema9s ( anci5t sculpture1 b 9 su* a /ate ( disord] & ru91 t no precise description ( !m c be giv54 ,! mo/ rem>kable are ^u ! top ( a hill call$ ,beyan ,mezaley1 ne> ! t[n1 9 ! mid/ ( a beautiful grove ( oak-trees1 t[>d ! village ( ,callifat4 ,"h ! ru9s ( a ,doric temple ( :ite m>ble lay heap$ 9 ! mo/ /rik+ mann]1 mix$ ) brok5 /el1 cippi1 s>cophagi1 cornices & capitals ( v enorm\s size1 entablatures & pill>s4 ,all ( ^! h ref]5ce to "s peculi> sanctity by :i* ?is hill 0 anci5tly *>act]iz$4 ,we proce$$ h5ce t[>d ! pla92 & no soon] rea*$ x1 ?an a tumulus ( v rem>kable size & situation drew our att5tion1 = a %ort "t1 f ! ma9 object ( our pursuit4 ,?is tumulus1 ( a high conical =m & v regul> /ructure1 /&s altoge!r insulat$4 ,( its great antiquity no d\bt c be ent]ta9$ by p]sons accu/om$ to view ! ev]la/+ sepul*]s ( ! anci5ts4 ,on ! s\!rn side ( its base is a long natural m\nd ( lime/one3 ?is1 beg9n+ to rise close to ! artificial tumulus1 ext5ds t[>d ! village ( ,callifat1 9 a direction ne>ly f nor? to s\? across ! middle ( ! pla94 ,x is ( su* hight t an army encamp$ on ! ea/]n side ( x1 w\ld be conceal$ f all obs]vation ( p]sons /ation$ on ! coa/1 by ! m\? ( ! ,m5d]4 ,if ! poems ( ,hom]1 ) ref]5ce to ! pla9 ( ,troy1 h simil>ly associat$ an artificial tumulus & a natural m\nd1 a conclusion seems w>rant$1 t ^! are ! objects to :i* he alludes4 ,?is appe>s to be ! case 9 ! acc\nt he has giv5 ( ! tomb ( ,ilus & ! m\nd ( ! pla94 ,f ?is tomb we desc5d$ into ! pla91 :5 our guides br\ght u to ! we/]n side ( x1 ne> its s\!rn t]m9ation1 to notice a tumulus1 less consid]able ?an ! la/ describ$1 ab\t ?ree hundr$ paces f ! m\nd1 almo/ conceal$ f obs]vation by be+ cont9ually ov]fl[$1 ^u ^: top two small oak-trees 7 !n gr[+4 8,we n[ came to an elevat$ spot ( gr\nd1 surr\nd$ on all sides by a level pla91 wat]$ by ! ,callifat ,osmack1 & :i* !re is e reason to believe ! ,simoisian4 ,"h we f\nd1 n only ! traces1 b also ! rema9s ( an anci5t citadel4 ,turks 7 !n employ$ rais+ enorm\s blocks ( m>ble1 f f\ndations surr\nd+ ! place2 possibly ! id5tical works con/ruct$ by ,lysima*us1 :o f5c$ ,new ,ilium ) a wall4 ,all ! t]ritory )9 ^! f\ndations 0 cov]$ by brok5 pott]y1 ^: fragm5ts 7 p>ts ( ^? anci5t vases n[ held 9 su* high e/imation4 ,_m ,greek m$als _h be5 discov]$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! excavations made !re by ! ,turks4 ,z ^! m$als1 be>+ indisputable leg5ds to designate ! p by :om !y 7 fabricat$1 h also1 9 ! circum/ances ( _! discov]y1 a peculi> connection ) ! ru9s "h1 !y may be consid]$ z indicat+1 ) tol]able c]ta9ty1 ! situation ( ! city to :i* !y belong$4 ,^! ru9s evid5tly appe> to be ! rema9s ( ,new ,ilium2 :e!r we reg>d ! te/imony af=d$ by _! situation1 z accordant ) ! text ( ,/rabo1 or ! discov]y !re made ( m$als ( ! city40 ,! conclusions relative to ,troas1 drawn by ?is le>n$ writ]1 are z foll[s4 8,t ! riv] ,m5d] is ! ,scam&] ( ,hom]1 ,/rabo1 & ,pl9y4 ,! amnis navigabilis ( ,pl9y fl[s into ! ar*ipelago1 to ! s\? ( ,sigeum4 ,t ! ,aianteum1 or tomb ( ,ajax1 /ill rema9s1 answ]+ ! description giv5 ( its situation by anci5t au?ors1 & !reby det]m9+ also ! exact position ( ! naval /ation ( ! ,greeks4 ,t ! ,?ymbrius is yet recogniz$1 bo? 9 its pres5t appellation ,?ymbreck1 & 9 its geographical position4 ,t ! spaci\s pla9 ly+ on ! nor?-ea/]n side ( ! ,m5d]1 & wat]$ by ! ,callifat ,osmack1 is ! ,simoisian1 & t /ream ! ,simois4 ,t ! ru9s ( ,palaio ,callifat are ^? ( ! ,ilium ( ,/rabo4 ,ea/w>d is ! ,?rosmos1 or m\nd ( ! pla94 ,t ,udjek ,tepe is ! tomb ( syetes4 ,! o!r tombs m5tion$ by ,/rabo1 z at ,sigeum1 are all 9 ! situation he describes4 ,t ! spr+s ( ,bon>ba%y may possibly h be5 ! #8,doiai ,pelai' ( ,hom]2 b !y are n s\rces ( ! ,scam&]4 ,!y are1 moreov]1 w>m spr+s4 ,t ! s\rce ( ! ,scam&] is 9 ,g>g>us1 n[ call$ ,kasdaghy1 ! highe/ m\nta9 ( all ! ,idan *a94 ,t ! alt>s ( ,jupit]1 m5tion$ by ,hom]1 & by ,es*ylus1 7 on ! hill call$ ,ku*unlu ,tepe1 at ! foot ( ,g>g>us2 :]e ! ru9s ( ! temple n[ rema94 ,t ,palae ,scepsis is yet recogniz$ 9 ! appellation ,esky ,skup%u2 t na is ! ,a9ei ( ,/rabo2 & ne ,tepe1 p]haps1 ! tomb ( neas4 ,t ! extremity ( ! ,adramyttian gulf incl9es r\nd ! ridge ( ,g>g>us1 t[>d ! nor?-ea/2 s t ! circum/ance ( ,x]xes hav+ ?is m\nta9 ^u 8 left1 9 8 m>* f ,ant&rus to ,abydus1 is !reby expla9$4 ,& la/ly1 t ,g>g>us af=ds a view1 n only ( all ! pla9 ( ,troy1 b ( all ! di/rict ( ,troas1 & a v consid]able portion ( ! re/ ( ,asia ,m9or40 ,,a!ns4 ,! approa* to ?is celebrat$ city by sea1 pres5ts a spectacle1 :i* 0 view$ by ,dr4 ,cl>ke & 8 companions ) great transports ( joy4 ,x 0 no soon] descri$1 ?an its l(ty edifices1 cat*+ ! sun's rays1 r5d]$ ! build+s 9 ! ,acropolis visible at ! di/ance ( fifte5 miles4 8,! reflect$ light gave !m a :ite appe>ance4 ,! ,p>!non appe>$ fir/1 above a long *a9 ( hills 9 ! front2 pres5tly we saw ! top ( ,m\nt ,an*esmus1 to ! left ( ! temple2 ! :ole be+ back$ by a l(ty m\nta9\s ridge1 :i* we suppos$ to be ,p>nes4 ,z we drew ne> to ! walls1 we beheld ! va/ ,cecropian citadel1 cr[n$ ) temples t orig9at$ 9 ! v5]ation once paid to ! memory ( ! illu/ri\s dead1 surr\nd$ by objects tell+ ! same !me ( sepul*ral gr&eur1 & n[ monum5ts ( dep>t$ greatness1 gradually mold]+ 9 all ! solemnity ( ru94 ,s p>am\nt is ?is fun]al "* 9 ! approa* to ,a!ns f ! ,pireus1 t1 z we pass$ ! hill ( ! ,museum1 :i* 01 9 fact1 an anci5t cemet]y ( ! ,a!nians1 we might h imag9$ ourselves to be among ! tombs ( ,telmessus1 f ! numb] ( ! sepul*]s hewn 9 ! rock1 & f ! antiquity ( ! workman%ip1 evid5tly n ( lat] date ?an any?+ ( ! k9d 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,9 o!r respects ! city exhibits ne>ly ! appe>ance s briefly describ$ by ,/rabo eighte5 c5turies be=e our com+2 &1 p]haps1 x we>s a m magnific5t aspect1 ow+ to ! spl5did rema9s ( ,adrian's temple ( ,olympian ,jove1 :i* did n exi/ :5 ,a!ns 0 visit$ by ! disciple ( ,x5>*us4 ,! prodigi\s columns belong+ to ?is temple appe>$ full 9 view betwe5 ! citadel & ! b$ ( ! ,ilissus3 high ^u our left rose ! ,acropolis1 9 ! mo/ impressive gr&eur3 an advanc$ "p ( ! rock ^u ! we/]n side ( x is ! hill ( ! ,areopagus1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut on ! next page1 :]e ,/4 ,paul prea*$ to ! ,a!nians1 & :]e _! mo/ solemn tribunal 0 held4 ,beyond all1 appe>$ ! beautiful pla9 ( ,a!ns1 b\nd$ by ,m\nt ,hymettus4 ,we rode t[>d ! craggy rock ( ! citadel1 pass+ "s ti]s ( circul> ar*es at ! foot ( x2 ^! are ! rema9s ( ! ,odeum ( ,h]odes ,atticus1 built 9 memory ( 8 wife ,regilla4 ,!nce cont9u+ to skirt ! base ( ! ,acropolis1 ! road w9d+ r t[>d ! nor?1 we saw also1 ^u our left1 scoop$ 9 ! solid rock1 ! circul> sweep on :i* ! ,a!nians 7 wont to assemble to he> ! plays ( ,es*ylus1 & :]e ! !at] ( ,bac*us 0 aft]w>d con/ruct$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,areopagus4 8,we proce$$ t[>d ! ea/1 to asc5d ,m\nt ,an*esmus1 & to enjoy 9 "o panoramic survey ! glori\s prospect pres5t$ f its summit1 ( all ! antiquities & natural beauties 9 ! ,a!nian pla94 ,we asc5d$ to ! comm&+ em95ce ( ! m\nt1 once occupi$ by a temple ( ,an*esmian ,jupit]4 ,! pagan %r9e has1 z usual1 be5 succe$$ by a small ,*ri/ian sanctu>y3 x is d$icat$ to ,/4 ,george4 ,( ! view f ?is rock1 ev5 ,:eel] c\ld n write )\t emotion4 #8,"h1' said he1 #8a ,democritus might sit & laugh at ! pomps & vanities ( ! _w1 ^: glories s soon vani%2 or a ,h]aclitus weep ov] its manifold mis=tunes1 tell+ sad /ories ( ! v>i\s *anges & ev5ts ( fate4' ,! prospect embraces e object1 except+ only ^? ^u ! s\?-we/ side ( ! ca/le4 ,! situation ( ! obs]v] is nor?-ea/ ( ! city2 & ! read] may suppose him to be look+1 9 a contr>y direction1 t[>d ! ,acropolis1 :i* is 9 ! c5t] ( ?is f9e picture2 !nce reg>d+ ! :ole circuit ( ! citadel1 f its nor?-we/]n side1 t[>d ! s\? & ca/1 ! diff]5t p>ts ( x occur 9 ! foll[+ ord]1 al?\gh to a spectator !y all appe> to be compreh5d$ 9 "o view4 ,! l(ty rocks ( ! ,acropolis1 cr[n$ ) its maje/ic temples1 ! ,p>!non1 ,erec!um1 c41 con/itute ! c5tral object4 ,9 ! =egr\nd is display$ ! :ole ( ! mod]n city ( ,a!ns1 ) its g>d5s1 ru9s1 mosques1 & walls1 spread+ into ! pla9 b5ea? ! citadel4 ,on ! "r1 or nor?-we/ w+1 is ! temple ( ,!seus2 & on ! left1 or s\?-we/ w+1 ! temple ( ,jupit] ,olympius4 ,proce$+ f ! we/ to ! s\? & ea/1 ! view beyond ! citadel displays ! ,areopagus1 ! ,pnyx1 ! ,ilissus1 ! site ( ! temple ( ,c]es 9 ,agr1 ! f\nta9 ,callirhoe1 ! ,/adium ,pan!naium1 ! site ( ! ,lyceum1 c4 ,9 a p>allel circuit1 ) a m ext5d$ radius1 are se5 ! hills & defile ( ,daphne1 or ! ,via ,sacra1 ! ,pireus1 ,muny*ia & ,phal]um1 ,salmais1 g9a1 ! m di/ant isles1 & ,hymettus4 ,a simil> circuit1 b /ill m ext5d$1 embraces ,p>nes1 ! m\nta9s beyond ,elusis & ,meg>a1 ! ,acropolis ( ,cor9?1 ! ,peloponnesian m\nta9s1 & ! gean & di/ant isl&s4 ,& la/ly1 imm$iately b5ea? ! eye1 lies ! pla9 ( ,a!ns40 ,illu/ration3 ,,temple ,,( ,,jupit] ,,olympius4 ,( ! _m ru9s )\t ! city ( ,a!ns1 ! t\ri/ notices ) peculi> int]e/ ^? ( ! temple ( ,jupit] ,olympius1 z x 0 ! fir/ conceiv$ & ! la/ execut$ ( all ! sacr$ monum5ts ( ,a!ns4 ,x 0 begun by ,pisi/ratus1 b 0 n f9i%$ till ! "t ( ! ,roman emp]or ,adrian1 :i* 0 "s sev5 hundr$ ye>s aft]w>d4 ,all t rema9s ( ?is once magnific5t build+1 is se5 9 ! cut on ! previ\s page4 ,orig9ally !re 7 "o hundr$ & tw5ty columns support+ ?is noble temple2 b ( all ^!1 only "s sixte5 rema92 /&+ 9 _! sil5t & solit>y gr&eur to te/ify ( ! triumphs ( anci5t art1 & to ! p[] ( ,"t ! de/roy]4 ,,temples ,,( ,,elephanta4 ,! isl& ( ,elephanta1 di/ant ab\t two leagues f ,bombay1 has a circumf]5ce ( ab\t ?ree miles1 & consi/s ( two rocky m\nta9s1 cov]$ ) trees & bru%wood4 ,ne> ! l&+-place is ! figure ( an elephant1 z l>ge z life1 %ap$ out ( a rock1 & suppos$ to h giv5 its "n to ! isl&4 ,hav+ asc5d$ ! m\nta9 by a n>r[ pa?1 ! visitor rea*es ! excavation :i* has s long excit$ ! att5tion ( ! curi\s1 & af=d$ su* ample scope = ! discussion ( antiqu>ians4 ,) ! /ronge/ emotions ( surprise & admiration1 he beholds f\r r[s ( massive columns cut out ( ! solid rock1 uni=m 9 _! ord]1 & plac$ at regul> di/ances1 s z to =m ?ree magnific5t av5ues f ! pr9cipal entrance to ! gr& idol :i* t]m9ates ! middle vi/a2 ! g5]al effect be+ hight5$ by ! blu5ess ( ! light1 or r gloom1 peculi> to ! situation4 ,! c5tral image is compos$ ( ?ree colossal heads1 rea*+ ne>ly f ! floor to ! ro(1 a hight ( fifte5 feet4 ,x repres5ts ! triad deity 9 ! ,h9doo my?ology1 ,brama1 ,vi%nu1 & ,siva1 9 ! *>act]s ( ! creator1 pres]v]1 & de/roy]4 ,! middle face displays regul> features1 & a mild & s]5e "*2 ! t[]+ head-dress is mu* ornam5t$1 z are ^? on ea* side1 :i* appe> 9 pr(ile1 l(ty1 & ri*ly adorn$ ) jewels4 ,! c\nt5ance ( ,vi%nu has ! same mild aspect z t ( ,brama2 b ! visage ( ,siva is v diff]5t3 sev]ity & rev5ge1 *>act]i/ic ( 8 de/roy+ attribute1 are /rongly depict$2 "o ( ! h&s embraces a l>ge cobra de capello2 :ile ! o!rs conta9 fruit1 fl[]s1 & bless+s = mank9d1 among :i* ! lotus & pomegranate are readily di/+ui%able4 ,! =m] ( ^!1 ! lotus1 s (t5 introduc$ into ! ,h9doo my?ology1 =ms a pr9cipal object 9 ! sculpture & pa9t+s ( _! temples1 is ! ornam5t ( _! sacr$ lakes1 & ! mo/ conspicu\s beauty 9 _! fl[]y sacrifices4 ,on ei!r side ( ! ,elephanta triad1 is a gigantic figure lean+ on a dw>f1 an object frequ5tly introduc$ 9 ^! excavations4 ,! giants gu>d ! triple deity1 & sep>ate x f a l>ge recess fill$ ) a v>iety ( figures1 male & female1 9 diff]5t attitudes3 !y are 9 tol]able proportion1 b d n express any p>ticul> "* ( c\nt5ance3 "o conspicu\s female1 l ! ,amazons1 is s+le-brea/$2 ! re/1 :e!r int5d$ = goddesses or mortals1 are g5]ally adorn$1 l ! mod]n ,h9doo wom51 ) bracelets & r+s = ! ankles2 ! m5 h bracelets only4 ,! int]v5+ space betwe5 ^! figures is occupi$ by small a]ial be+s1 hov]+ ab\t !m 9 inf9ite v>iety4 ,! l>g] images 9 ^! gr\ps are 9 alto-relievo1 & mo/ ( ! small] 9 basso-relievo1 br\ght suffici5tly =w>d f ! rock to produce a good effect4 ,! sides ( ! temple are adorn$ ) simil> compositions1 plac$ at regul> di/ances1 & t]m9at+ ! av5ues =m$ by ! colonnades1 s t only "o gr\p is se5 at a "t1 except on a ne> approa*2 & ! regul>ity & proportion ( ! :ole are rem>kably /rik+4 ,! figures are 9 g5]al 9 graceful attitudes2 b ^? ( h]culean /ature d n indicate any extraord9>y muscul> /r5g?4 ,among _m ?\s&s ( !m1 few ( ! c\nt5ances express any p>ticul> passion1 or m>k a decid$ "*3 !y h g5]ally a sleepy aspect1 & be> a great] resemblance to ! tame sculpture ( ,egypt ?an to ! animat$ works ( ! ,grecian *isel4 ,f ! "r & left av5ues ( ! pr9cipal temple are passages to small] excavations on ea* side3 t on ! "r is mu* decay$1 & v little ( ! sculpture rema9s entire4 ,a pool ( wat] p5etrates f x into a d>k cav]n f> "u ! rock2 b :e!r natural or artificial1 has n be5 decid$4 ,a small correspond+ temple on ! left side1 conta9s two ba?s1 "o ( !m elegantly f9i%$3 ! front is op51 & ! ro( support$ by pill>s ( a diff]5t ord] f ^? 9 ! l>ge temple2 ! sides are adorn$ ) sculpture1 & ! ro( & cornice pa9t$ 9 mosaic patt]ns2 "s ( ! colors are /ill bright4 ,! opposite ba?1 ( ! same proportions1 is less ornam5t$2 & betwe5 !m is a room deta*$ f ! rock1 conta9+ a colossal repres5tation ( ! l+am1 or symbol ( ,siva4 ,sev]al small caves bran* out f ! gr& excavations4 ,an anecdote is relat$ by ,mr4 ,=bes1 9 8 8,ori5tal ,memoirs10 relative to ^! sculptur$ monum5ts4 ,he accompani$ an em95t ,engli% arti/ on 8 fir/ visit to ! ,elephanta4 8,aft] ! gl>e ( a tropical sun1 dur+ ! walk f ! l&+-place1 x 0 "s "t be=e ! eye _h accommodat$ itself to ! gloom ( ^! subt]rane\s *amb]s1 suffici5tly to discrim9ate objects 9 t somb] light4 ,we rema9$ = sev]al m9utes )\t speak+1 or look+ p>ticul>ly at ea* o!r3 at l5g?1 :5 m famili>iz$ to ! cav]n1 my companion /ill rema9+ sil5t1 ,i express$ "s fe> ( hav+ be5 too w>m 9 my description1 & t l mo/ o!r objects1 ! reality fell %ort ( ! anticipat$ pleasure4 ,he soon reliev$ my anxiety by decl>+1 t h[ev] highly ,i _h rais$ 8 imag9ation1 he 0 s absorb$ 9 a/oni%m5t & delight1 on ent]+ ?is /up5d\s sc5e1 z to =get :]e he 04 ,he _h se5 ! mo/ /rik+ objects ( art 9 ,italy & ,greece2 b nev] any?+ :i* fill$ 8 m9d ) su* extraord9>y s5sations40 ,s enraptur$ 0 ?is arti/ ) ! spot1 t aft] /ay+ until a late h\r1 he quitt$ x mo/ reluctantly4 ,! caves ( ! isle ( ,elephanta c n be suffici5tly admir$1 :5 ! imm5sity ( su* an und]tak+1 ! numb] ( artific]s employ$1 & ! extraord9>y g5ius ( its projector1 are consid]$1 9 a c\ntry until lately acc\nt$ rude & b>b>\s by ! n[ enlight5$ nations ( ,europe4 ,_h ?is "w be5 rais$ f a f\ndation1 l o!r /ructures1 x w\ld h excit$ ! admiration ( ! curi\s2 b :5 ! reflection is made1 t x is hewn in* by in* 9 ! h>d & solid rock1 h[ great mu/ ! a/oni%m5t be at ! conception & completion ( ! ent]prise6 ,,temples ,,( ,,salsette4 ,! excavations ( ! isl& ( ,salsette1 also contigu\s to ,bombay1 are hewn 9 ! c5tral m\nta9s4 ,! great temple is excavat$ at "s di/ance f ! summit ( a /eep m\nta91 9 a comm&+ situation4 ,?is /up5d\s "w is upw>d ( n9ety feet long1 ?irty-eight wide1 & ( a proportionate hight1 hewn out ( ! solid rock1 & =m+ an oblong squ>e1 ) a flut$ concave ro(4 ,! area is divid$ into ?ree aisles by regul> colonnades1 simil> to ! anci5t basilic1 a pile ( build+ twice z long z x 0 wide1 & "o ( ! extremities ( :i* t]m9at$ 9 a hemicycle1 two r[s ( columns =m+ a spaci\s area 9 ! c5t]1 & leav+ a n>r[ walk betwe5 ! columns & ! wall4 ,9 ^! basilici ! ,roman emp]ors ( ! ea/ frequ5tly adm9i/]$ ju/ice4 ,?is magnific5t excavation at ,salsette appe>s to be on ! same plan1 al?\gh1 d\btless1 int5d$ = a place ( wor%ip4 ,t[>d ! t]m9ation ( ! temple1 front+ ! entrance1 is a circul> pile ( solid rock1 n9ete5 feet high1 & =ty-eight 9 circumf]5ce1 mo/ probably a repres5tation ( ! l+am1 ! symbol already allud$ to 9 ! description ( ! temples ( ,elephanta4 ,9 ?is temple !re are n any images1 nor any k9d ( sculpture1 except on ! capitals ( ! pill>s1 :i* are 9 g5]al f9i%$ 9 a v ma/]ly /yle1 & are little impair$ by "t4 ,sev]al h be5 left 9 an unf9i%$ /ate2 & on ! summit ( o!rs is some?+ l a bell1 betwe5 elephants1 horses1 lions1 & animals ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,! l(ty pill>s & concave ro( ( ! pr9cipal temple at ,salsette pres5t a mu* gr&] appe>ance ?an ! l>ge/ excavation at ! ,elephanta1 al?\gh t is mu* ri*] 9 /atues & bass-reliefs4 ,! portico at ,salsette1 ( ! same hight & bread? z ! temple1 is ri*ly decorat$3 on ea* side a l>ge ni*e conta9s a colossal /atue1 well execut$2 & fac+ ! entrance are small s+le figures1 ) gr\ps 9 v>i\s attitudes1 all ( !m 9 good pres]vation4 ,! out] front ( ! portico1 & ! area be=e x1 correspond+ 9 gr&eur ) ! int]ior1 are n[ injur$ by "t1 & ! mold]+ sculpture int]m+l$ ) a v>iety ( rock-plants4 ,on ! squ>e pill>s at ! entrance are long inscriptions1 ! *>act]s ( :i* are obsolete1 & :i* mod]n +5uity has n z yet succe$$ 9 deciph]+4 ,fur!r up ! m\nta91 a flight ( /eps1 hewn 9 ! rock1 & cont9u$ to ! summit1 leads1 by v>i\s intricate pa?s1 to small] excavations1 mo/ ( :i* consi/ ( two rooms1 a portico & b5*es1 cut 9 ! rock4 ,to ea* is annex$ a ci/]n ( ab\t ?ree cubic feet1 also hewn 9 ! rock1 = ! pres]vation ( ra9-wat]4 ,"s ( ^! excavations are l>g] & bett] f9i%$ ?an o!rs2 & a few1 al?\gh inf]ior 9 size & decoration1 9 _! g5]al effect resemble ! pr9cipal temple4 ,! :ole appe>ance ( ?is excavat$ m\nta9 indicates x to h _h a city hewn 9 its rocky sides1 capable ( conta9+ _m ?\s& inhabitants4 ,! l>ge/ temple 01 d\btless1 _! pr9cipal place ( wor%ip2 & ! small]1 on ! same plan1 inf]ior ones4 ,! re/ 7 appropriat$ z dwell+s = ! inhabitants1 diff]+ 9 size & accommodation accord+ to _! respective ranks 9 society2 or1 z x is /ill m probable1 ^! habitations 7 ! abode ( religi\s ,bram9s1 & ( _! pupils1 :5 ,india 0 ! nurs]y ( art & sci5ce1 & ! nations ( ,europe 7 involv$ 9 ignorance & b>b>ism4 ,,mausoleum ,,( ,,hyd] ,,ali4 ,?is spl5did monum5t ( ori5tal gr&eur is situat$ at ! we/]n extremity ( ! great g>d5 ( ,s]+apatam1 a city ( ,h9doo/an1 & capital ( ! ,mysore t]ritory4 ,x is surr\nd$ by a grove ( beautiful cypress-trees1 & 0 erect$ by ,tippoo ,saib 9 honor ( ! deceas$ sov]eign1 8 fa!r4 ,b5ea? tombs ( black m>ble1 elevat$ ab\t eighte5 in*es f ! gr\nd1 lie ! bodies ( ,hyd] ,ali1 8 consort1 & ,tippoo ,saib4 ,!y are cov]$ ) ri* clo?s1 & h canopies ov] !m4 ,! :ole ( ?is sumptu\s edifice is1 toge!r ) its dome1 support$ by brilliantly poli%$ black m>ble columns4 ,x is surr\nd$ by a magnific5t area1 )9 :i* ! faquirs h cells allott$ to !m2 & on an elevat$ plat=m are ! tombs ( sev]al fai?ful s]vants4 ,! mosque annex$ to x is flank$ by two t[]s4 ,! m\lahs /ation$ !re /ill publicly read ! ,koran2 & ?ree pagodas are daily di/ribut$ 9 *>ity at ! mausoleum4 ,,! ,,taje ,,mahal4 ,?is gr& mausoleum1 :i* /&s due nor? & s\?1 on ! s\!rn bank ( ! riv] ,jumna1 0 built by comm& ( ! emp]or ,%ah ,jehan = ! int]m5t ( 8 favorite sultana ,momtaz-mehl1 or ,montazal ,zumani1 ! 8prem95t 9 ! s]aglio10 or 8p>agon ( ! age10 & at 8 dea? 8 rema9s 7 also "h deposit$1 by ord] ( 8 son ,aurungzebe4 ,?is build+1 9 po9t ( design & execution1 is "o ( ! mo/ ext5sive1 elegant1 commodi\s1 & p]fect works ev] und]tak5 & f9i%$ by "o man4 ,to ?is celebrat$ ar*itect ,%ah ,jehan gave ! title ( ,z]re]-du/1 or 8jewel-h&$10 to di/+ui% him f all o!r arti/s4 ,x is built entirely ( pure :ite m>ble1 on an imm5se squ>e plat=m ( ! same mat]ial1 hav+ a l(ty m9>et ( equal beauty at e corn]4 ,on ea* side & beh9d ! imp]ial mausoleum1 is a suite ( elegant ap>tm5ts1 also ( :ite m>ble1 highly decorat$ ) color$ /ones4 ,! tombs & o!r pr9cipal p>ts ( ?is va/ fabric are inlaid ) wrea?s ( fl[]s & foliage 9 _! natural colors1 entirely compos$ ( c>nelians1 onyxes1 v]d-antique1 lapis lazuli1 & a v>iety ( agates1 s admirably f9i%$ z to h ! appe>ance ( an ivory model set ) jewels4 ,x 0 comm5c$ 9 ! fif? ye> ( ! reign ( ! emp]or ,%ah ,jehan1 & ! :ole complet$ 9 sixte5 ye>s1 f\r mon?s1 & tw5ty-"o days4 ,x co/ n9ety-eight lacs1 or n9e million1 eight hundr$ & fifte5 ?\s& rupees1 equal to m ?an six million doll>s1 al?\gh ! price ( labor !n 01 & /ill cont9ues to be1 v reasonable 9 ,india4 ,,great ,,wall ,,( ,,*9a4 ,?is /up5d\s wall1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut bel[1 ext5ds across ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ! ,*9ese empire1 & is des]v$ly rank$ among ! gr&e/ labors ( art4 ,x is conduct$ ov] ! summits ( high m\nta9s1 sev]al ( :i* h an elevation ( ov] five ?\s& feet1 across deep valleys & ov] wide riv]s1 by means ( ar*es3 9 _m p>ts x is d\bl$ or trebl$1 to comm& important passes2 & at ! di/ance ( ne>ly e hundr$ y>ds is a t[] or massive ba/ion4 ,its ext5t is comput$ at fifte5 hundr$ miles2 b 9 "s p>ts1 :]e less dang] is appreh5d$1 x is n equally /rong or complete1 & t[>d ! nor?-we/ consi/s m]ely ( a /rong ramp>t ( e>?4 ,ne> ,kookpekoo x is tw5ty-five feet 9 hight1 & ! top ab\t fifte5 feet ?ick3 "s ( ! t[]s1 :i* are squ>e1 are =ty-eight feet high1 & ab\t =ty feet 9 wid?4 ,9 its /ronge/ p>ts1 & = hundr$s ( miles 9 ext5t1 ?is wall is s ?ick z to all[ six m5 on horseback to ride ^u x4 ,! /ructure consi/s ( two p>allel walls ( solid masonry1 fill$ 9 betwe5 ) e>?2 ! top is pav$ ) /one4 ,! /one employ$ 9 ! f\ndations1 angles1 c41 is a /rong gray granite2 b ! mat]ials = ! mo/ "p consi/ ( blui% bricks1 & ! mort> is rem>kably pure & :ite4 ,! am\nt ( mat]ials us$ 9 con/ruct+ ?is wall1 is imm5se4 ,9 a lecture on ,*9a1 giv5 a ye> or two s9ce 9 ,engl&1 ,dr4 ,b[r+ said x _h be5 calculat$1 t if all ! bricks1 /ones & masonry ( ,great ,brita9 7 ga!r$ toge!r1 !y w\ld n be able to furni% mat]ials en\gh = ! wall ( ,*9a2 & t all ! build+s 9 ,london put toge!r w\ld n make ! t[]s & turrets :i* adorn x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,great ,,wall ,,( ,,*9a4 ,! area ( ! con/ruction ( ?is great b>ri]1 :i* has be5 & w cont9ue to be ! wond] & admiration ( ages1 is consid]$ by ,sir ,george ,/aunton z hav+ be5 absolutely asc]ta9$2 & he ass]ts t x has exi/$ = two ?\s& ye>s4 ,9 ?is ass]tion he appe>s to h foll[$ ,du ,halde1 :o in=ms u t 8?is prodigi\s "w 0 con/ruct$ two hundr$ & fifte5 ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 by ord] ( ! fir/ emp]or ( ! family ( ,ts91 to protect ?ree l>ge prov9ces f ! irruptions ( ! ,t>t>s40 ,h[ev]1 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*9a1 conta9$ 9 8 fir/ volume1 he ascribes ?is erection to ! second emp]or ( ! dyna/y ( ,ts91 nam$ ,*i ,hoang ,ti2 & ! date imm$iately prec$+ ! n>rative ( ?is con/ruction is ! ye> #acg be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,h5ce suspicions may arise1 n only conc]n+ ! epo* :5 ?is "w 0 und]tak51 b also z to ! purity & precision ( ! ,*9ese annals 9 g5]al4 ,mr4 ,bell1 :o resid$ "s "t 9 ,*9a1 & ^: travels are des]v$ly e/eem$ = ! accuracy ( _! in=mation1 assures u t ?is wall 0 built some:]e ab\t ! ye> #aafj1 by "o ( ! emp]ors1 to prev5t ! frequ5t incursions ( ! ,monguls1 ^: num]\s cavalry us$ to ravage ! prov9ces1 & effect _! escape be=e an army c\ld be assembl$ to oppose !m4 ,r5audot obs]ves t ?is wall is n m5tion$ by any ori5tal geograph] ^: writ+s boa/ a high] antiquity ?an ?ree hundr$ ye>s2 & x is surpris+ t x %\ld h escap$ ,m>co ,paulo1 :o1 admitt+ t he ent]$ ,*9a by a diff]5t r\te1 c h>dly be suppos$1 dur+ 8 long resid5ce 9 ! nor? ( ,*9a1 & 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,monguls1 to h rema9$ ignorant ( s /up5d\s a "w4 ,amid ^! difficulties1 x may be reasonably conjectur$1 t simil> modes ( def5se _h be5 adopt$ 9 diff]5t ages2 & t ! anci5t rude b>ri]1 hav+ fall5 into decay1 0 replac$ by ! pres5t erection1 :i*1 ev5 f its /ate ( pres]vation1 c sc>cely aspire to a v remote antiquity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,porcela9 ,,t[] ,,at ,,nank94 ,,porcela9 ,,t[] ,,at ,,nank94 ,?is elegant & commodi\s build+1 a v correct idea ( :i* may be =m$ f ! cut on ! prec$+ page1 may be reg>d$ z a f9e specim5 ( ! ori5tal pagodas4 ,! t[] is ab\t two hundr$ feet 9 hight1 & d]ives its "n f its hav+ a porcela9 coat+4 ,! ,portuguese 7 ! fir/ to be/[ on ^! sup]b edifices ! title ( pagodas1 & to attribute !m to devotional purposes4 ,!re c be little d\bt1 h[ev]1 t 9 _m in/ances !y h be5 r erect$ z public memorials or ornam5ts1 l ! columns ( ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,mr4 ,ellis1 9 8 8,j\rnal ( ! ,embassy to ,*9a10 relates t1 9 company ) ?ree g5tlem5 ( ! embassy1 he succe$$ 9 pass+ completely ?r\gh ! un9habit$ "p ( ! city ( ,nank91 & 9 rea*+ ! gateway visible f ! ,lion hill4 ,! object ( ! p>ty 0 to h p5etrat$ ?r\gh ! /reets to ! porcela9 t[]1 app>5tly di/ant two miles4 ,to ?is1 h[ev]1 ! soldi]s :o accompani$ !m1 & :o f _! will+ness 9 all[+ !m to proce$ ?us f>1 7 entitl$ to consid]ation1 made s _m objections1 t !y 7 =c$ to desi/1 & to cont5t !mselves ) proce$+ to a temple on a neighbor+ hill1 f :i* !y _h a complete view ( ! city4 ,f ?is /ation ! porcela9 t[] pres5t$ itself z a mo/ magnific5t object4 ,,! ,,%oemadoo ,,at ,,pegu4 ,! object 9 ,pegu t mo/ attracts & mo/ m]its notice1 says ,mr4 ,symes 9 8 8,embassy to ,ava10 is ! noble edifice ( ,%oemadoo1 or ! ,gold5 ,supreme4 ,?is extraord9>y pile ( build+s is erect$ on a d\ble t]race1 "o rais$ ^u ano!r4 ,! l[] & great] t]race is ab\t t5 feet above ! natural level ( ! gr\nd1 =m+ an exact p>allelogram3 ! upp] & less] t]race is simil> 9 %ape1 ris+ ab\t tw5ty feet above ! l[] t]race1 or ?irty above ! level ( ! c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,symes judg$ a side ( ! l[] t]race to be ?irte5 hundr$ & n9ety-"o feet2 ( ! upp]1 six hundr$ & eighty-f\r4 ,! walls t su/a9$ ! sides ( ! t]race1 bo? upp] & l[]1 are 9 a ru9\s /ate2 !y 7 =m]ly cov]$ ) pla/]1 wr\ght into v>i\s figures2 ! area ( ! l[] is /rew$ ) ! fragm5ts ( small decay$ build+s1 b ! upp] is kept free f fil?1 & is 9 tol]able good ord]4 ,!re is reason to conclude t ?is build+ & ! =tress are coeval1 z ! e>? ( :i* ! t]races are compos$ appe>s to h be5 tak5 f ! dit*2 !re be+ no o!r excavation 9 ! city1 or 9 its neighborhood1 t c\ld h af=d$ a t5? "p ( ! quantity4 ,! t]races are asc5d$ by flights ( /one /eps1 :i* are n[ brok5 & neglect$4 ,on ea* side are dwell+s ( ! ,rhahaans1 rais$ on timb]s f\r or five feet f ! gr\nd3 ^! h\ses consi/ only ( a l>ge hall2 ! wood5 pill>s t support !m are turn$ ) neatness2 ! ro(s are cov]$ ) tiles1 & ! sides are made ( bo>ds2 & !re are a numb] ( b>e b5*es 9 e h\se1 on :i* ! ,rhahaans sleep2 b we saw no o!r furniture4 ,! ,%oemadoo is a pyramidal build+ compos$ ( brick & mort>1 )\t excavation or ap]ture ( any sort2 octagonal at ! base1 & spiral at ! top3 ea* side ( ! base measures "o hundr$ & sixty-two feet2 ?is imm5se bread? dim9i%es abruptly1 & a simil> build+ has n unaptly be5 comp>$ 9 %ape to a l>ge speak+-trumpet4 ,six feet f ! gr\nd !re is a wide projection t surr\nds ! base1 on ! plane ( :i* are fifty-sev5 small spires ( equal size1 & equidi/ant2 "o ( !m measur$ tw5ty-sev5 feet 9 hight1 & =ty 9 circumf]5ce at ! bottom4 ,on a high] l$ge !re is ano!r r[ consi/+ ( fifty-?ree spires ( simil> %ape & measurem5t4 ,a great v>iety ( mold+s encircle ! build+2 & ornam5ts some:at resembl+ ! fleur de lis surr\nd ! l[] "p ( ! spire3 circul> mold+s likewise girt x to a consid]able hight1 above :i* !re are ornam5ts 9 /ucco n unlike ! leaves ( a ,cor9?ian capital2 & ! :ole is cr[n$ by a tee1 or umbrella1 ( op5 iron-"w1 f :i* rises a rod ) a gild$ p5nant4 ,! tee or umbrella is to be se5 on e sacr$ build+ t is ( a spiral =m4 ,! rais+ & consecration ( ?is la/ & indisp5sable app5dage1 is an act ( high religi\s solemnity1 & a season ( fe/ivity & relaxation4 ,! k+ himself be/[$ ! tee t cov]s ! ,%oemadoo4 ,x 0 made at ! capital2 & _m ( ! pr9cipal nobility came d[n f ,umm]apoora to be pres5t at ! c]emony ( its elevation4 ,! circumf]5ce ( ! tee is fifty-six feet2 x re/s on an iron axis fix$ 9 ! build+1 & is fur!r secur$ by l>ge *a9s /rongly rivet$ to ! spire4 ,r\nd ! l[] rim ( ! tee are app5d$ a numb] ( bells1 :i*1 agitat$ by ! w9d1 make a cont9ual j+l+4 ,! tee is gilt1 & x 0 said to be ! int5tion ( ! k+ to gild ! :ole ( ! spire4 ,all ! less] pagodas are ornam5t$ ) proportionable umbrellas ( simil> workman%ip1 :i* are likewise encircl$ by small bells4 ,! extreme hight ( ! edifice1 f ! level ( ! c\ntry1 is ?ree hundr$ & sixty-"o feet1 & above ! int]ior t]race1 ?ree hundr$ & ?irty "o feet4 ,on ! s\?-ea/ angle ( ! upp] t]race !re are two h&some saloons1 or ki\ms1 ! ro(s ( :i* are compos$ ( diff]5t /ages1 support$ by pill>s4 ,mr4 ,s4 judg$ ea* to be ab\t sixty feet 9 l5g?1 & 9 bread? ?irty4 ,! ceil+ ( "o is embelli%$ ) gold leaf1 & ! pill>s are lacqu]$2 ! decoration ( ! o!r is n yet complet$4 ,!y are made entirely ( wood2 & ! c>v+ on ! outside is labori\s & m9ute4 ,mr4 ,symes saw sev]al unf9i%$ figures ( animals & m5 9 grotesque attitudes1 design$ z ornam5ts = diff]5t p>ts ( ! build+4 ,"s images ( ,gaudama1 ! supreme object ( ,birman adoration1 lay scatt]$ ar\nd4 ,at ea* angle ( ! int]ior & high] t]race1 !re is a temple sixty-sev5 feet high1 resembl+1 9 m9iature1 ! great temple3 9 front ( t1 9 ! s\?-we/ corn]1 are f\r gigantic repres5tations1 9 masonry1 ( ,palloo1 or ! evil g5ius1 half bea/1 half human1 seat$ on _! hams1 ea* ) a l>ge club on ! "r %\ld]4 ,! pundit :o accompani$ ,mr4 ,symes1 said t !y resembl$ ! ,rakuss ( ! ,h9doos4 ,^! are gu>dians ( ! temple4 ,ne>ly 9 ! c5t] ( ! ea/ face ( ! area are two human figures 9 /ucco1 b5ea? a gild$ umbrella4 ,"o1 /&+1 repres5ts a man ) a book be=e him & a p5 9 8 h&3 he is call$ ,?asiamee1 ! record] ( mortal m]its & mortal misde$s4 ,! o!r1 a female figure kneel+1 is ,mahasumd]a1 ! protectress ( ! univ]se1 s long z ! univ]se is doom$ to la/2 b :5 ! "t ( g5]al dissolution arrives1 by h] h& ! _w is to be ov]:elm$ & ev]la/+ly de/roy$4 ,a small brick build+ ne> ! nor?-ea/ angle conta9s an upright m>ble slab1 f\r feet high1 & ?ree feet wide3 !re 0 a long legible inscription on x4 ,?is1 ,mr4 ,symes 0 told1 0 an acc\nt ( ! donations ( pilgrims ( only a rec5t date4 ,along ! :ole ext5t ( ! nor? face ( ! upp] t]race1 !re is a wood5 %$ = ! conv5i5ce ( devotees :o come f di/ant p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,on ! nor? side ( ! temple are ?ree l>ge bells ( good workman%ip1 susp5d$ ne> ! gr\nd1 betwe5 pill>s2 sev]al de]s' horns lie /rew$ ar\nd3 ^? :o come to pay _! devotions fir/ take up "o ( ! horns1 & /rike ! bell ?ree times1 giv+ an alt]nate /roke to ! gr\nd3 ?is act is to ann\nce to ! _s ( ,gaudama ! approa* ( a suppliant4 ,!re are sev]al l[ b5*es ne> ! foot ( ! temple1 on :i* ! p]son :o comes to pray1 places 8 (f]+1 commonly consi/+ ( boil$ rice1 a plate ( sweetmeats1 or cocoa-nut fri$ 9 oil3 :5 x is giv51 ! devotee c>es n :at becomes ( x2 ! cr[s & wild dogs (t5 dev\r x 9 pres5ce ( ! donor1 :o nev] attempts to di/urb ! animals4 ,mr4 ,symes saw sev]al plates ( victuals dispos$ ( 9 ?is mann]1 & und]/ood x to be ! case ) all t 0 br\ght4 ,!re are _m small temples on ! areas ( bo? t]races1 :i* are neglect$1 & suff]$ to fall into decay4 ,numb]less images ( ,gaudama lie indiscrim9ately scatt]$ ar\nd4 ,a pi\s ,birman :o pur*ases an idol1 fir/ procures ! c]emony ( consecration to be p]=m$ by ! ,rhahaans2 he !n takes 8 pur*ase to :atev] sacr$ build+ is mo/ conv5i5t1 & !re places x 9 ! %elt] ( a ki\m1 or on ! op5 gr\nd be=e ! temple2 nor does he ev] aga9 seem to h any anxiety ab\t its pres]vation1 b leaves ! div9ity to %ift = itself4 ,"s ( ^? idols are made ( m>ble t is f\nd 9 ! neighborhood ( ! capital ( ! ,birman dom9ions1 :i* admits ( a v f9e poli%2 _m are =m$ ( wood1 & gild$1 & a few are ( silv]2 ! latt]1 h[ev]1 are n usually expos$ & neglect$ l ! o!rs4 ,silv] & gold are r>ely us$1 except 9 ! composition ( h\sehold gods4 ,on bo? ! t]races are a numb] ( :ite cyl9drical flags1 rais$ on bamboo poles2 ^! flags are peculi> to ! ,rhahaans1 & are consid]$ z emblematical ( purity1 & ( _! sacr$ function4 ,on ! top ( ! /aff !re is a h5za or goose1 ! symbol bo? ( ! ,birman & ,pegu nations4 ,,colossal ,,figure ,,( ,,jupit] ,,pluvius1 ,,or ,,! ,,ap5n9e ,,jupit]4 ,/atues above ! ord9>y size1 7 nam$ by ! anci5ts1 colossi1 f a ,greek ^w :i* signifies 8memb]s40 ,t at ,rhodes 0 ! mo/ fam\s1 execut$ by ,c>elus1 a pupil ( ,lysippus4 ,!re 7 sev]al at ,rome2 ! mo/ consid]able 0 t ( ,vespasian1 9 ! amphi!at]1 t bore ! "n ( ,colisa4 ,claudius caus$ a colossal /atue ( himself to be rais$ on a rock expos$ to ! sea waves1 9 front ( ! port ( ,o/ium4 ,n]o _h 8 p]son & figure pa9t$ on a l95 clo?1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet 9 hight4 ,9 ! c\rt ( ! ,capitol1 & 9 ! palace ,f>nesi1 c41 are colossi1 ei!r entire or mutilat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jupit] ,,pluvius1 ,,or ,,! ,,ap5n9e ,,jupit]4 ,! colossal figure ( ,jupit] ,pluvius is f\nd at ,pratol9o1 9 ,italy4 ,! space 9 :i* x /&s is plant$ r\nd1 on all sides1 ) l(ty fir & bee* trees1 ! trunks ( :i* are hid by a wood ( laurel1 :]e9 ni*es h be5 cut = /atues4 ,! middle "p is a gre5 lawn1 & at a little di/ance1 is a semicircul> bas9 ( wat]1 beh9d :i* rises ! colossal /atue ( ! ,ap5n9e ,jupit]4 ,en*as$1 z x 71 9 ! groves1 x c only be survey$ 9 front1 & f a po9t ( view m>k$ by ! arti/1 9 ! adjo9+ engrav+4 ,elevat$ on a base to appe>ance irregul>1 & ( itself l(ty1 at :i* ! a/oni%$ spectator arrives ?r\gh two balu/rades t run r\nd ! bas91 ?is colossus1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut above1 looks1 at fir/1 l a pyramidal rock1 on :i* ! h& ( man might h execut$ "s project analog\s to :at ! /atu>y ,/asicrates _h conceiv$ respect+ ,m\nt ,a?os1#aj & :i* ,alex&] nobly reject$4 ,b soon he recognizes ! g5ius ( a pupil & wor?y rival ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,footnote #aj3 ,/asicrates propos$ to ,alex&] to trans=m ,m\nt ,a?os into a durable /atue ( himself1 & "o t w\ld be mo/ prom95t to a _w ( behold]s4 ,8 left h& to conta9 a city peopl$ ) t5 ?\s& inhabitants1 & f ! "r a great riv] to fl[1 its wat]s desc5d+ to ! sea4 ,! proposition ( ?is gigantesque monum5t 0 reject$ by ,alex&]1 :o1 9 reply to 8 proposal1 said1 8,! passage ( ,m\nt ,caucasus1 ! ,tanais1 & ! ,caspian1 :i* ,i h =c$1 %all be my monum5ts40 ,x 01 9 fact1 ,john ( ,bologna1 :o1 by an inspiration d]iv$ f ! anci5ts1 execut$ _! beau ideal ( ,jupit] ,pluvius4 ,?is "n seems m suitable to ! figure ?an t ( ,fa!r ,ap5n9e1 :i* has be5 assign$ to x4 ,! /yle1 9 po9t ( magnitude1 is ( ! l>ge/1 & ! "* ( ! head is 9 p]fect con=mity to ! subject4 ,8 br[s & front brave ! tempe/1 & seem ! region ( ! ho>-fro/2 8 locks desc5d 9 icicles on 8 broad %\ld]s1 & ! flakes ( 8 imm5se be>d resemble /alactites2 8 limbs seem cov]$ ) ho>-fro/1 b ) no alt]ation 9 _! cont\r1 or 9 ! =m ( ! muscles4 ,to add to ! extraord9>y effect1 ab\t ! head is a k9d ( cr[n1 =m$ ( little jetteaux1 t drop on ! %\ld]s & trickle d[n ! figure1 %$d+ a sort ( sup]natural lu/]1 :5 irradiat$ by ! sun4 ,x w\ld be difficult to imag9e a composition m picturesque & p]fect 9 all its proportions4 ,! figure h>monizes ) ! surr\nd+ objects1 b its real magnitude is be/ %[n by comp>ison ) ! gr\ps prom5ad+ ab\t ! wat]1 & :i* 9 comp>ison1 at a c]ta9 di/ance1 resemble pigmies4 ,a ne>] approa* exhibits a truly /rik+ proportion ( ! limbs4 ,a numb] ( ap>tm5ts h be5 fabricat$ 9 ! int]ior1 & )9 ! head is a beautiful belv$]e1 :]e9 ! eyeballs s]ve = w9d[s4 ,! extremities are ( /one2 ! trunk is ( bricks ov]laid ) a mort> or cem5t t has contract$ ! h>dness ( m>ble1 & :i*1 :5 fre%1 x 0 easy to model 9 due =ms4 ,x is relat$ 9 ! life ( ,john ( ,bologna1 t sev]al ( 8 pupils1 unaccu/om$ to "w ) ! h&1 :ile engag$ 9 ?is "w1 =got ! correct /&>d ( dim5sions1 bo? z to ! eye & h&1 & t ,fa!r ,ap5n9e & 8 enorm\s muscles made !m spoil a numb] ( /atues4 ,! greate/ difficulty 9 ! workman%ip 0 to impress on ! mass1 ! "* ( monum5tal durability4 ,! arti/ has succe$$ 9 unit+ ! rules ( ! /atu>y ) ^? ( con/ruction1 9 comb9+ ! beauty ( ! "o ) ! solidity ( ! o!r4 ,all ! p>ts ref] to a common c5t] ( gravity1 & ! memb]s are arrang$ s z to s]ve = a scaffold+ to ! body1 )\t impair+ its dignity or magnitude4 ,! colossal /atues ( ! anci5ts may h sugge/$ ! idea ( ?is configuration1 or z be=e h9t$1 ! arti/ may h aim$ to repres5t ! ,jupit] ,pluvius4 ,h[ev]1 x seems probable t ,p\ss91 9 8 pa9t+ ( ! pla9s ( ,sicily1 has1 f ?is1 =m$ 8 ,polyphemus1 seat$ on ! summit ( a l(ty rock4 ,f ! beauty ( its proportions1 & skill 9 ! execution1 all arti/s :o h to "w on colossal figures1 ought to *]i% ! pres]vation ( ?is1 z an impos+ object1 t c n be too pr(\ndly /udi$4 ,,! ,,lean+1 ,,or ,,hang+ ,,t[] ,,( ,,pisa1 ,,9 ,,tuscany4 ,?is celebrat$ t[]1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut bel[1 likewise call$ ! ,campanile1 on acc\nt ( its hav+ be5 erect$ = ! purpose ( conta9+ bells1 /&s 9 a squ>e close to ! ca!dral ( ,pisa4 ,x is built entirely ( :ite m>ble1 & is a beautiful cyl9d] ( eight /ories1 ea* adorn$ ) a r\nd ( columns1 ris+ "o above ano!r4 ,x incl9es s f> on "o side f ! p]p5dicul>1 t dropp+ a plummet f ! top1 :i* is "o hundr$ & eighty-eight feet 9 hight1 x falls sixte5 feet f ! base4 ,mu* pa9s h be5 tak5 by connoisseurs to prove t ?is 0 done purposely by ! ar*itect2 b x is evid5t t ! incl9ation has proce$$ f ano!r cause1 namely1 f an accid5tal subsid5ce ( ! f\ndation on t side4 ,! pill>s are !re consid]ably sunk2 & ?is is also ! case ) ! v ?re%old1 :i* %[s t ! position ( ! build+ is accid5tal1 caus$ by ! settl+ ( ! gr\nd on "o side1 & n1 z "s ?9k1 by ! ambition ( ! ar*itect1 endeavor+ to %[ h[ f> he c\ld ) safety deviate f ! p]p5dicul>1 & ?us display a novel specim5 ( 8 art2 = _h ?is be5 8 design1 he w\ld h %ort5$ ! pila/]s on t side1 s z to exhibit !m entire1 )\t ! appe>ance ( s9k+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,lean+ ,,t[] ,,at ,,pisa ,?is t[]1 f its s+ul> appe>ance & position1 has attract$ ! notice ( all travel]s pass+ ne> ,pisa1 :o1 ( c\rse1 fail n to visit x4 ,we give ! impressions ( two ( ^!3 ,pr(essor ,silliman1 :o saw x 9 #ahea2 & ,mr4 ,hill>d1 :o 0 !re at a /ill lat] date4 ,! =m] says1 8,?is /ructure has excit$ s mu* surprise1 & be5 se5 ) su* deep int]e/ by ?\s&s ( travel]s = m ?an six hundr$ ye>s1 t x is almo/ univ]sally kn[n1 & x is n difficult = "o :o has n se5 x to =m a cle> & di/9ct conception ( x4 ,/ill1 on approa*+ ! t[]1 y are /rongly impress$ by its gr&eur & beauty2 & :5 y asc5d x1 y obta9 an almo/ ov]:elm+ conception ( its maje/y2 al?\gh x is p]fectly safe2 & if y d n feel appreh5sion t x w fall1 y may n be able to keep t idea q out ( y\r m9d4 ,! hight ( ! lean+ t[] is "o hundr$ & sev5ty-eight feet1 ! ?ickness ( ! wall t5 feet1 & ! diamet] is fifty feet at ! base4 ,x is compos$ ( eight /ories1 all adorn$ by columns & ar*es4 ,its =m is slightly conical4 ,x is asc5d$ by ?ree hundr$ & ?irty v easy /eps1 v well light$1 & x is a pleasant j\rney to ! top4 ,!re are sev5 bells 9 ?is gr& belfry2 !y 7 rung :ile we 7 ne>1 & ! s\nd is v s(t & musical1 especially ( ! great bell1 :i* weighs twelve ?\s& p\nds1 & is plac$ ^u ! side ( ! t[]1 opposite to t :i* ov]hangs4 ,x 0 ?is bell :i* 0 =m]ly us$ to give notice ( public executions4 ,! lean+ ( ! t[] ( ,pisa 0 evid5tly caus$ by unequal subsid5ce ( ! gr\nd2 & x is obvi\s t ! ar*itect1 z ! "w rose1 be=e ! t[] 0 half up1 p]ceiv$ x1 & he endeavor$ to c\nt]act x z f> z possible by balanc+ 8 mat]ials4 ,aft] a p>ticul> hight1 ! columns are high] on ! lean+ side1 &1 ( c\rse1 %ort] on ! o!r4 ,! build] appe>$ to be aim+ to br+ ! upp] "p ( ! t[] into a v]tical position1 al?\gh he did n succe$4 ,x is ab\t ?irte5 or f\rte5 feet beyond ! v]tical2 b ! c5t] ( gravity /ill falls )9 ! base2 & z ! blocks ( /one1 be+ n[ firmly unit$ by cem5t1 c n slide ^u ea* o!r1 !y1 9 fact1 =m "o mass4 ,! walls are1 moreov]1 =tifi$ by iron b>s1 & x is n probable t any?+ %ort ( an e>?quake c produce its d[nfall4 ,i c n ?9k ) "s1 t x requires /rong n]ves to asc5d ! lean+ t[] ( ,pisa4 ,we asc5d$ ) a p]fect consci\sness ( security1 & x is c]ta9 t 7 x fill$ 9 e /ory by an arm$ ho/1 x w\ld n quiv] or vibrate4 ,! view f ! summit ( ! t[] is mo/ spl5did4 ,! beautiful city is at y\r feet1 & y are 9 ! mid/ ( x4 ,! ,m$it]ranean is 9 ! horizon1 ,leghorn is visible 9 ! di/ance1 ! ,arno %[s its w9d+s1 "h & !re1 & a ri* pla9 9 full cultivation rea*es f> inl& to ! l(ty ,ap5n9es1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,lucca4 ,x is said1 t1 9 cle> wea!r1 ,corsica may be disc]n$4 ,?is t[] is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful objects 9 ,italy1 & "o w\ld nev] be tir$ ) look+ at x or f x2 s beautiful is x1 t its lean+ becomes a m]e incid5t1 int]e/+ inde$1 b ! t[] possesses comm&+ attractions indep5d5tly ( ?is circum/ance4 ,we c n desc5d f x )\t rememb]+ t "h ,galileo made 8 decisive exp]im5ts ^u ! law ( ! desc5t ( fall+ bodies1 & ^u ! vibration ( ! p5dulum4 ,8 great "n is associat$ ) ! p]man5t glory ( 8 c\ntry1 & w be honor$ to ! end ( "t1 :ile 8 p]secutors are rememb]$ only to be despis$ & dete/$40 ,mr4 ,hill>d1 ! o!r t\ri/ to :om we h allud$1 says1 8,on a bright1 sunny morn+1 ,i fir/ saw ! lean+ t[] ( ,pisa4 ,?is piece ( ar*itectural ecc5tricity 01 & ,i suppose is1 "o ( ! common-places ( geography1 & is put into ! same educational /ate-room ) ! wall ( ,*9a1 ! great tun ( ,heidelb]g1 & ! natural bridge ( ,virg9ia4 ,i c n recall ! "t :5 its "n 0 n famili> to me2 & n[1 "h x 01 bodily be=e me2 no vision1 no delusion1 b a v decid$ fact1 ) a mo/ und5iable incl9ation on "o side2 s mu* s1 t a n]v\s p]son w\ld n sleep s\ndly 9 ! h\se t /&s "u its lee1 on a w9dy night4 ,?is s+ul> /ructure is simply a campanile1 or bell-t[]1 appurt5ant to ! ca!dral1 z is ! g5]al cu/om 9 ,italy4 ,x is n m]ely qua9t1 b beautiful2 t is1 take away ! qua9tness1 & ! beauty w rema94 ,x is built ( :ite m>ble1 wond]fully fre% & pure1 :5 we rememb] t ne>ly sev5 c5turies h swept ov] x4 ,i w n describe x1 nor give its dim5sions1 = ^! may be f\nd 9 e guide-book1 & ne>ly e book ( travels2 nor w ,i cond5se ! argum5ts :i* h be5 call$ =? by ! "q1 :e!r ! incl9ation be accid5tal or design$4 ,to "o :o has be5 on ! spot1 & obs]v$ ! spongy nature ( ! soil1 z evid5c$ by ! slight subsid5ce ( ! ca!dral1 !re is really no room = argum5t or d\bt4 ,! asc5t is v easy & gradual4 ,! summit is secur$ by d\ble rails1 & ! incl9ation is less p]ceptible :5 on ! top ?an :5 x is obs]v$ f ! gr\nd4 ,!re is no peculi> s5se ( dang] to int]f]e ) ! full enjoym5t ( ! beauty ( ! view1 :i* embraces m\nta9 & pla91 l& & sea2 a comb9ation at once v>i$1 ext5sive & picturesque4 ,?is 0 my fir/ sight ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ^: blue wat]s bl5d$ 9 ! di/ant horizon ) ! blue ( ! sky4 ,to ! eye1 x 0 b common wat] reflect+ ! univ]sal sky2 b a man mu/ be v ins5sible1 n to recognize peculi> elem5ts 9 8 fir/ view ( t _m-nation$ sea1 ^u ^: %ores s mu* ( ! poetry & hi/ory ( ! _w has gr[n40 ,,! ,,coliseum ,,at ,,rome4 ,on approa*+ ! maje/ic ru9s ( ?is va/ amphi!at]1 ! mo/ /up5d\s "w ( ! k9d antiquity c boa/1 a sweet & g5tly mov+ a/oni%m5t is ! fir/ s5sation :i* seizes ! behold]2 & soon aft]w>d ! gr& spectacle swims be=e him l a cl\d4 ,to give an adequate idea ( ?is sublime build+1 is a task to :i* ! p5 is unequal3 x mu/ be se5 to be duly appreciat$4 ,x is upw>d ( sixte5 hundr$ feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & ( su* an elevation t x has be5 ju/ly obs]v$ by a writ]1 7,ammiamus17 8! human eye sc>cely measures its hight40 ,ne>ly ! "o-half ( ! ext]nal circuit /ill rema9s1 consi/+ ( f\r ti]s ( arcades1 adorn$ ) columns ( f\r ord]s1 ! ,doric1 ,ionian1 ,cor9?ian1 & composite4 ,its ext5t1 z well z its elevation1 may be e/imat$ by ! numb] ( spectators x conta9$1 am\nt+1 accord+ to "s acc\nts1 to eighty ?\s&1 & agreeably to o!rs1 to "o hundr$ ?\s&4 ,?irty ?\s& captive ,jews are said to h be5 engag$ by ,vespasian1 ^: "n x occasionally be>s1 9 ! con/ruction ( ?is va/ edifice2 & !y h n discr$it$ _! =efa!rs1 ! build]s ( ,solomon's temple1 by ! p]=mance4 ,x 0 n f9i%$1 h[ev]1 until ! reign ( 8 son ,titus1 :o1 on ! fir/ day ( its be+ op5$1 introduc$ into ! ar5a n less ?an five ?\s&1 or1 accord+ to ,dio ,cassius1 n9e ?\s& wild bea/s1 betwe5 :om1 & ! primitive ,*ri/ians held captive by ! ,romans1 combats 7 f\ght4 ,at ! conclusion ( ?is cruel spectacle ! :ole place 0 put "u wat]1 & two fleets1 nam$ ! ,corcyrian & ! ,cor9?ian1 repres5t$ a naval engagem5t4 ,to r5d] ! vapor f su* a multitude ( p]sons less noxi\s1 sweet-sc5t$ wat]1 & frequ5tly w9e mix$ ) saffron1 0 %[]$ d[n f a grat$ "w above1 on ! heads ( ! spectators4 ,! ,roman emp]ors :o succe$$ ,titus 7 c>eful ( ! pres]vation ( ?is sup]b edifice3 ev5 ! voluptu\s ,heliogabalus caus$ x to be repair$ aft] a great fire4 ,! rude ,go?s1 :o sack$ ! city ( ,rome1 7 cont5t$ ) despoil+ x ( its int]nal ornam5ts1 b respect$ ! /ructure itself4 ,! ,*ri/ians1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh an excess ( zeal1 h n be5 satisfi$ ) all[+ x gradually to decay4 ,pope ,paul ,,ii4 _h z mu* ( x level$ z 0 necess>y to furni% mat]ials = build+ ! palace ( ,/4 ,m>k1 & 8 p]nici\s example 0 imitat$ by ,c>d9al ,ri>io1 9 ! con/ruction ( :at is n[ call$ ! ,*anc]y4 ,la/ly1 a portion ( x 0 employ$ by ,pope ,paul ,,iii4 9 ! erection ( ! palace ,f>nese4 ,not)/&+ all ^! dilapidations1 !re /ill exi/s en\gh ( x to inspire ! spectator ) awe4 ,imm5se masses appe> fa/5$ to & ^u "o ano!r )\t any mort> or cem5t2 & ^! alone1 f _! /ructure1 are calculat$ = a duration ( _m ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,occasionally1 :]e ! de/roy]s h n effectually atta9$ _! object1 ! half-loos5$ masses appe> to be hold5 9 ! air1 z if by "s invisible p[]2 = ! wide int]/ices among !m leave no o!r support ?an _! jo9ts1 :i* seem e mom5t z if ab\t to yield unavoidably to ! sup]ior =ce ( gravitation4 8,!y w fall20 8!y mu/ fall20 8!y are fall+20 is1 & has be5 ! language ( all behold]s dur+ ! va/ p]iods ?r\gh :i* ?is /up5d\s edifice has ?us hung toge!r 9 ! air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,coliseum ,,at ,,rome4 ,silliman1 speak+ ( ! ,coliseum1 says1 8,x is ! mo/ magnific5t & impos+ monum5t ( anci5t ,rome4 ,aft] all ! spoliation x has suff]$ = _m c5turies1 by :i* two-?irds ( its mat]ials h be5 plund]$1 to build palaces & o!r /ructures1 x /ill /&s a /up5d\s ru91 solemn1 awful1 & ev5 9 desolation beautiful4 ,its position is v ne> to ! =um1 & we pass to x ?r\gh ! ar* ( ,titus4 ,we felicitate ourselves t we saw ! almo/ p]fect amphi!at] at ,nismes1 z f t1 & ev5 f ! less p]fect "o at ,arles1 we obta9$ ^? /rong & correct impressions1 :i* h enabl$ u m ju/ly to appreciate ! gigantic ru91 :i* /ill t[]s 9 v5]able maje/y1 above bo? ! ,rome ( ! ,cs>s1 & ! ,rome ( ! popes4 ,! ,coliseum 0 begun ,a4 ,d4 #gc1 by ,vespasian1 & f9i%$ by ,titus1 ,a4 ,d4 #hj1 t5 ye>s aft] ! conque/ ( ,j]usalem4 ,*ur* tradition /ates t its ar*itect 0 ,gaud5tius1 a ,*ri/ian m>tyr1 & t "s twelve ?\s& captive ,jews & ,*ri/ians 7 employ$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,x is built *iefly ( trav]t9e1 al?\gh !re are l>ge quantities ( bricks & tufa 9 ! /ructure4 ,its =m is elliptical3 !re are f\r /ories adorn$ by columns3 ! l[] is ,doric1 ?irty feet high3 ! second is ,ionic1 ?irty-?ree feet high2 ! ?ird1 ,cor9?ian1 fifty-f\r feet1 & above ?is1 0 ! frieze & cornice4 ,! hight ( ! out] wall 0 "o hundr$ & fifty-sev5 ,engli% feet4 ,! long] axis1 walls includ$1 0 six hundr$ & tw5ty feet2 ! %ort]1 five hundr$ & ?irte52 circumf]5ce1 sev5te5 hundr$ & sev5ty feet2 ! ar5a1 two hundr$ & eighty-sev5 feet long & a hundr$ & eighty feet broad4 ,! sup]ficial area 0 ne>ly six acres4 ,! ar*es 7 numb]$1 ext]nally1 f "o to eighty4 ,"o ar* is n numb]$1 & ?is is believ$ to h be5 ! private entrance ( ! emp]or4 ,!re 71 )9 ! amphi!at]1 f\r gr\ps ( seats1 correspond+1 z at ,nismes1 to ! diff]5t ord]s ( p4 ,! seats c\ld receive eighty-sev5 ?\s& p]sons1 or "o hundr$ & t5 ?\s&1 includ+ ^? :o /ood4 ,! int]ior has be5 v mu* despoil$1 & ! seats are almo/ ru9$2 b a /aircase has be5 con/ruct$1 by :i* we asc5d$ securely to ! top ( ! build+1 & enjoy$ a gr& view1 n only by day1 b by a full moon4 ,byron's spl5did description 9 ,manfr$1 does x no m ?an ju/ice40 ,! build+1 z may be se5 9 ! cut on ! prec$+ page1 is mu* decay$2 & x is1 also1 8de=m$ by innum]able holes on ! outside1 believ$ to h be5 produc$ by ! extraction ( ! d[els ( bronze1 :i* 7 orig9ally plac$ 9 ! jo9ts to keep ! /ones 9 place4 ,at ! d$ication ( ! amphi!at] by ,titus1 five ?\s&1 or accord+ to "s1 n9e ?\s& wild bea/s 7 slaught]$1 & ! savage exhibition w5t on dur+ "o hundr$ days4 ,on ! occasion ( ! triumph ( ,trajan ov] ! ,dacians1 ! %[s 7 cont9u$ "o hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree days2 elev5 ?\s& animals 7 sla91 & "o ?\s& gladiators mat*$ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,besides malefactors1 captives & slaves1 freeborn citiz5s1 ev5 ^? ( noble bir?1 hir$ !mselves z gladiators2 & wom5 volunte]$ on ! ar5a1 to exhibit _! skill 9 murd]4 ,! b>b>\s gladiatorial games 7 cont9u$ dur+ f\r hundr$ ye>s2 ! la/ %[ ( ! wild bea/s 0 "u ,!odoric1 & ^! brutal ent]ta9m5ts 7 aboli%$ by ,honorius40 ,,! ,,pan!on4 ,! ,pan!on1 says a late t\ri/1 8is ! mo/ p]fect1 z a :ole1 ( all ! /ructures :i* h come d[n to u f anci5t ,rome4 ,! invasion ( "t alone w\ld n h injur$ x mat]ially1 &1 not)/&+ ! spoliations ( popes & o!r depr$ators1 x /ill rema9s a gr& & beautiful build+4 ,x /&s 9 a dirty1 disagreeable h]b m>ket1 & ! accumulations ( e>? & rubbi% h almo/ entirely cov]$ its l(ty /eps1 :i* 7 sev5 9 numb]1 until its floor is n[ ne>ly on a level ) ! /reet4 ,its dome 0 cov]$ ) gilt bronze1 & its portico l9$ ) ! same metal1 :i* 0 plund]$ to be ca/ = ! pill>s & o!r p>ts ( ! baldac*9o 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,on ?is occasion1 f\r hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p\nds 7 tak54 ,! emp]or ,con/ans ,,ii4 _h previ\sly1 9 #feg1 /ripp$ ! ro(1 & plund]$ ! silv] f ! int]ior ( ! dome4 ,he de/9$ ^! ?+s = ! ornam5t ( 8 imp]ial palace at ,con/ant9ople2 b be+ murd]$ at ,syracuse1 on 8 return1 ! plund] 0 borne to ,alex&ria4 ,x 01 orig9ally1 ! spoils ( ,egypt aft] ! battle ( ,actium1 & n[ return$ to ,egypt aga94 ,! ext]nal fac+s ( poli%$ m>ble1 h also be5 torn (f2 b al?\gh ?us despoil$1 ! ,pan!on is /ill magnific5t1 not)/&+ t ! fires h (t5 heat$ x1 ! ov]fl[+ ,tib] has delug$ its floor1 & ! ra9s h p\r$ 9 at ! only op5+1 :i* is 9 ! dome4 ,?is is a circul> hole 9 ! c5t] ( ! dome1 tw5ty-eight feet 9 diamet]1 & is said to h be5 once glaz$4 ,! ri* m>ble fac+s & magnific5t columns ( ! int]ior1 /ill rema94 ,! beautiful columns are ( poli%$ granite & porphyry4 ,! ni*es1 orig9ally fill$ by ! /atues ( ! pagan gods1 h n be5 di/urb$2 b !y are n[ occupi$ by sa9ts1 & virg9s1 & o!r symbols ( ,ca?olic wor%ip4 ,! int]ior is "o va/ room1 "o hundr$ & =ty-?ree feet 9 diamet]1 exclusive ( ! walls1 :i* are tw5ty feet ?ick1 & x is ( ! same hight1 "o hundr$ & =ty-?ree feet3 ! dome occupies "o-half ( ! hight4 ,x is n inaptly illu/rat$ by ! rotunda ( ! ,capitol at ,wa%+ton1 :i*1 al?\gh small]1 is ( ! same =m4 ,:5 9 ! ,roman ,pan!on1 y look up to its sky-light$ dome1 !re is an impression ( simple gr&eur :i* ev5 ,/4 ,pet]'s does n produce3 8#8,simple1 erect1 sev]e1 au/]e1 sublime-- ,%r9e ( all sa9ts1 & temple ( all gods4' 8,an inscription on ! frieze records t ! ,pan!on 0 erect$ by ,agrippa1 ,b4 ,c4 anno #bf2 & ano!r inscription on ! ar*itrave records its subsequ5t re/oration by ,septimius ,sev]us4 ,9 #fjh1 ,boniface obta9$ f ! emp]or ,phocas p]mission to consecrate ! ,pan!on z a ,*ri/ian *ur*1 :i*1 d\btless1 sav$ x f de/ruction4 ,h[ mu* is x to be regrett$ t a simil> protection _h n sav$ ! ,coliseum & o!r preci\s works1 ^: ru9s be> te/imony to ! misdirect$ zeal ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* 9 e>ly ages4 ,! portico is "o hundr$ & t5 feet long & =ty-f\r deep4 ,x conta9s sixte5 ,cor9?ian monoli?ic columns ( ori5tal granite1 =ty six & "o-half feet high & five feet 9 diamet]1 ) capitals & bases ( ,greek m>ble4 ,! p$im5t /ill %[s :]e ! figures 9 bass-relief 7 atta*$4 8,! magnific5t bronze doors are ?irty-n9e feet high1 & ! entire op5+ is n9ete5 wide4 ,x is believ$ t !y are ! orig9al doors erect$ by ,agrippa4 ,no d\bt !y w\ld h be5 us$ = ! decoration ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 _h n ! ,pan!on be5 consecrat$ z a *ur*4 ,! int]ior cornice at ! bottom ( ! dome has be5 p]fectly pres]v$1 ) its ri* sculptures4 ,! pavem5t ( ! ,pan!on is ( porphyry1 alt]nat+ ) o!r poli%$ /ones 9 geometric figures4 ,"s antiqu>ians h argu$ t ! ,pan!on 0 orig9ally an app5dage ( ! ba?s ( ,agrippa1 & t ! portico 0 ( subsequ5t con/ruction1 :5 ! build+ 0 conv]t$ into a temple4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ /ructures ( anci5t or mod]n times2 & _h x n be5 mo/ %amefully robb$ x w\ld h /ood to-day p]fect 9 beauty z x 0 :5 ,*ri/ di$1 & :5 ,paul prea*$ & suff]$ 9 ,rome4 ,we b5t ) deep int]e/ ov] ! grave ( ,raphael1 ^: rema9s /ill slumb] b5ea? ! pavem5t ( ! ,pan!on1 m>k$ only by a humble slab ( m>ble level ) ! floor4 ,x is well kn[n t until #ahcc 8 place ( int]m5t 0 only matt] ( conjecture2 9 t ye>1 ow+ to unexpect$ evid5ce1 ! pres5t grave 0 op5$ 9 pres5ce ( ! pope & num]\s arti/s4 ,! skull 0 ( a s+ul>ly f9e =m2 & its discov]y spoil$ ! speculations ( ! phr5ologi/s on ano!r skull 9 ! academy ( ,/4 ,luke's1 :i* _h be=e be5 suppos$ to be t ( ! great pa9t]40 ,,roman ,,amphi!at] ,,at ,,nismes4 ,nismes1 anci5tly ,nemausis1 0 =m]ly a fl\ri%+ colony ( ,romans1 e/abli%$ by ,augu/us ,cs>1 aft] ! battle ( ,actium4 ,among its spl5did monum5ts ( antiquity1 ! amphi!at]1 be+ inf9itely bett] pres]v$ ?an ^? ( ,rome & ,v]ona1 is ! f9e/ monum5t ( ! k9d n[ extant4 ,x 0 built 9 ! reign ( ,antonius ,pius1 :o contribut$ a l>ge sum ( money t[>d its erection4 ,x is ( an oval figure1 "o ?\s& & eighty feet 9 circumf]5ce1 suffici5tly capaci\s to conta9 tw5ty ?\s& spectators4 ,! ar*itecture is ( ! ,tuscan ord]1 sixty feet high1 compos$ ( two op5 gall]ies1 built "o ov] ano!r1 consi/+ ea* ( sixty arcades4 ,! entrance into ! ar5a 0 by f\r great gates1 ) porticos2 & ! seats1 ( :i* !re 7 ?irty-two r[s1 suffici5t to conta9 "s tw5ty-five ?\s& p1 ris+ "o above ano!r1 consi/$ ( great blocks ( /one1 _m ( :i* /ill rema94 ,ov] ! nor? gate1 appe> two bulls1 9 alto-relievo1 extremely well execut$1 emblems :i*1 accord+ to ! usage ( ! ,romans1 signifi$ t ! amphi!at] 0 erect$ at ! exp5se ( ! p4 ,9 o!r p>ts are heads1 bu/s1 & o!r sculptures 9 bass-relief4 ,?is magnific5t /ructure /&s 9 ! l[] "p ( ! city1 & /rikes ! spectator ) awe & v5]ation4 ,! ext]nal ar*itecture is almo/ entire 9 its :ole circuit4 ,x 0 =tifi$ z a citadel by ! ,visigo?s1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury3 !y rais$ )9 x a ca/le1 two t[]s ( :i* are /ill extant1 & surr\nd$ x ) a broad & deep moat1 :i* 0 fill$ up 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,9 all ! subsequ5t w>s to :i* ! city ( ,nismes 0 expos$1 x s]v$ z ! la/ refuge ( ! citiz5s1 & su/a9$ a great numb] ( successive attacks2 s t its f9e pres]vation is almo/ miracul\s4 ,silliman says ( ?is amphi!at]1 t x gives a v exact idea ( ! ,coliseum at ,rome1 ?\gh x is ( c\rse small]4 8,x is built10 he adds1 8( lime/one 9 imm5se blocks1 laid 9 c\rses ) p]fect regul>ity & )\t mort>4 ,mortise holes 9 ! c5t] ( ! upp] surface ( ea* block %[ t ! ,romans employ$ ! same means /ill 9 use1 to raise & h&le l>ge masses ( /one4 ,! accuracy ( ! masonry seems ! m rem>kable if we consid] ! elliptical =m ( ! /ructure1 mak+ all ! v]tical jo9ts conv]ge to ! foci ( ! ellipse4 ,9 "o place we saw a l9e ( light ?r\gh a jo9t ( ?is sort :]e ! wall 0 at lea/ f\r feet ?ick4 ,! passages1 ( c\rse1 all exp& outw>d also1 & ?us admit ( a spe$y evacuation ( ! amphi!at] ?r\gh its sixty vomitori4 ,! dim5sions ( ?is ellipse are f\r hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 by ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-two feet4 ,by walk+ delib]ately ar\nd ! /ructure1 ^! dim5sions are m readily realiz$ ?an by a num]ical /atem5t3 ! circuit is a qu>t] ( a mile4 ,! cornice 0 decorat$ ) c>v+ & f9i%$ ) a frieze2 except 9 ! portion correspond+ to n9e or t5 ar*es1 ! capp+ & cornice are complete ar\nd ! entire circuit4 ,9 ! "p :]e ! cornice is defici5t1 ! ,s>ac5s1 m ?an elev5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 erect$ two t[]s1 :i* 7 de/roy$ by ,*>les ,m>tel1 & fire appli$ by him disfigur$ ! amphi!at]4 ,z x 0 all ( /one he c\ld n de/roy x1 b ! wood plac$ 9 its ar*es & corridors burn$ z 9 a furnace4 ,he wi%$ to de/roy ! build+1 :i* _h (t5 be5 us$ z a =tress 9 ! num]\s w>s t foll[$ ! d[nfall ( ! ,roman empire4 ,he succe$$ only 9 black5+ x ) smoke :i* rema9s to ?is day4 ,! heat1 h[ev]1 caus$ "s portions ( ! lime/one to flake (f2 b v little progress 0 made t[>d ! de/ruction ( ! amphi!at]4 ,! build+ is national prop]ty1 & ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t has re/or$ _m ( ! ar*es1 laid anew ! pavem5ts1 & has tak5 precautions to gu>d aga9/ fur!r dilapidation4 ,! ext]ior ( ! build+ is1 inde$1 some:at corrod$ by "t1 b _h w> & viol5ce be5 re/ra9$1 ?is noble monum5t ( antiquity w\ld h rema9$1 an ar*itectural wond] to all future ages4 ,_m ( ! r[s ( m>ble seats rema9 entire1 & enable ! obs]v] p]fectly to und]/& ! :ole arrangem5t4 ,! emp]or & 8 h\sehold ent]$ by a l[] & special corridor1 & ! ve/al virg9s by a correspond+ op5+ on ! opposite side4 ,! s5ators & patricians ent]$ high] up1 :ile ! plebeians1 ent]+ /ill high]1 occupi$ ! m elevat$ positions1 & ! slaves ! upp]mo/ ( all4 ,! police also _h _! appo9t$ place4 8,project+ outw>d f ! cornice at regul> int]vals 7 /ones1 pi]c$ ) holes six in*es or m 9 diamet]1 ?r\gh :i* pass$ poles to su/a9 ! awn+1 ! l[] ends ( ! poles be+ su/a9$ by corbel /ones project+ f ! wall bel[4 ,! amphi!at] _h no o!r cov]+ b ! awn+1 & ?is1 on occasions ( ! use ( ! build+ = public games1 0 /ret*$ ^u ropes cross+ f side to side ( ! ar5a4 ,?is cov]+ secur$ ! spectators f sun & ra91 :ile x p]mitt$ free v5tilation4 ,! gladiators ent]$ on "o side ( ! ar5a & ! wild bea/s on ! o!r1 & probably ! same rule prevail$ :5 gladiator 0 to cont5d ) gladiator4 ,"h man f\ght 8 fell[-man1 or ) ! fi]ce wild bea/1 to pamp] ! cruel appetite = blood4 ,/range feel+s ( awe & gr&eur are excit$ by see+ ! va/ space :i* 0 s (t5 fill$ ) human be+s1 & "o's m9d runs wild ) excitem5t :5 he sees 9 imag9ation1 ! lion's eye glanc+ at ! grat+ until he 0 enl>g$ to spr+ ^u 8 victim4 ,! we$s & grass n[ gr[ among ! seats1 & gre5-sw>d cov]s ! once ensangu9$ ar5a4 ,! little liz>ds leap f /one to /one1 & _! brief g5]ations are n[ ! sole t5ants ( ^! anci5t piles40 ,,trajan',s ,,pill>4 ,?is hi/orical column 0 erect$ at ,rome by ! emp]or ,trajan to commemorate 8 victories ov] ! ,dacians1 & is consid]$ ! ma/]piece ( ! spl5did monum5ts ( art elevat$ by t emp]or 9 ! ,roman capital4 ,its celebrity is *iefly ow+ to ! beautifully wr\ght bass-reliefs1 conta9+ ab\t two ?\s& figures1 ) :i* x is ornam5t$4 ,x /&s 9 ! middle ( a squ>e1 to =m :i*1 a hill1 "o hundr$ & =ty feet 9 hight1 0 level$2 & 0 int5d$1 z appe>s by ! inscription on its base1 bo? z a tomb = ! emp]or1 & to display ! hight ( ! hill1 :i* _h ?us ) incr$ible labor1 be5 r$uc$ to a plane surface4 ,x 0 erect$ 9 ! ye> #aad ( ! ,*ri/ian era2 & ! emp]or ,con/ant9e1 two c5turies & a half aft]w>d1 reg>d$ x z ! mo/ magnific5t /ructure by :i* ,rome 0 ev5 at t "t embelli%$4 ,?is pill> is built ( :ite m>ble1 its base consi/+ ( twelve /ones ( enorm\s size1 be+ rais$ on a socle1 or foot ( eight /eps2 & )9 x is a /aircase illum9at$ by =ty-f\r w9d[s4 ,its hight1 equal+ t ( ! hill :i* _h be5 level$1 to give place to ! l>ge squ>e call$ ! ,=um ,romanum1 is "o hundr$ & =ty feet1 be+ ?irty-five feet less elevat$ ?an ! ,anton9e column4 ,,column ,,( ,,anton9e4 ,?is gr& column is "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s monum5ts ( anci5t ,rome4 ,x is ne> ! pres5t po/-(fice1 9 a busy1 popul\s squ>e--! ,piazza ,colonna--9 ! mid/ ( ! mod]n city4 ,! hight ( ! column ( ,anton9e is "o hundr$ & sixty-eight feet2 diamet]1 elev5 & "o-half2 ! p$e/al is tw5ty-five feet & eight in*es high4 ,x 0 erect$ by ! s5ate & p ( ,rome to ,m>cus ,aurelius ,anton9us1 ,a4 ,d4 #agd4 ,bass-reliefs1 z 9 ,trajan's column1 run spirally ar\nd ! monum5t1 repres5t+ milit>y movem5ts & victories4 ,"o ( ! reliefs repres5ts ,jupit] z dropp+ ra9 f 8 ext5d$ arms4 ,?is has be5 suppos$ to allude to ! effect attribut$ to ! pray]s ( ! ,*ri/ian legion f ,mytil5e1 9 ! army ( ! emp]or1 :o1 at 8 reque/1 pray$ = ra9 :5 !re 0 a great dr\ght4 ,! column is compos$ ( pieces ( :ite m>ble1 & 9 ! int]ior are "o hundr$ & n9ety /eps light$ by =ty-two loopholes4 ,by a /range incongruity1 a /atue ( ,/4 ,paul1 t5 feet high1 has be5 made to replace ! emp]or on ! top ( ! column4 ,?is 0 done by ,sixtus ,v4 ,x is said t ! drawn sword :i* ! apo/le holds 9 8 h& proves a conductor to ! lightn+1 & t ! column has be5 sev]al times injur$4 ,,maison ,,c>re1 ,,at ,,nismes4 ,if ! amphi!at] ( ,nismes /rikes ! spectator ) an idea ( greatness & sublimity1 ! ,maison ,c>r en*ants him ) ! mo/ exquisite beauties ( ar*itecture & sculpture4 ,?is f9e /ructure1 z is evid5c$ by ! inscription discov]$ on its front1 0 built by ! inhabitants ( ,nismes1 9 honor ( ,caius ,cs>1 & ,lucius ,cs>1 gr&*ildr5 ( ,augu/us1 by 8 daught] ,julia1 ! wife ( ,agrippa4 ,x /&s ^u a p$im5t six feet high1 is eighty-two feet long1 ?irty-five broad1 & ?irty-sev5 9 hight1 )\t reckon+ ! p$im5t4 ,! body ( x is adorn$ ) tw5ty columns engag$ 9 ! wall2 & ! p]i/yle1 :i* is op51 ) t5 deta*$ pill>s t support ! entablature4 ,!y are all ( ! ,cor9?ian ord]1 flut$ & embelli%$ ) capitals ( ! mo/ exquisite sculpture3 ! frieze & cornice are mu* admir$1 & ! foliage is e/eem$ inimitable4 ,! proportions ( ! build+ are s happily bl5d$1 z to give x an air ( maje/y & gr&eur1 :i* ! mo/ indiff]5t spectator c n behold )\t emotion4 ,to enjoy ^! beauties1 x is n necess>y to be a connoisseur 9 ar*itecture3 !y are inde$ s exquisite t !y may be visit$ ) a fre% appetite = ye>s toge!r4 ,:at r5d]s !m /ill m int]e/+ is1 t !y are entire1 & v little affect$1 ei!r by ! ravages ( "t1 or ! havoc ( w>4 ,c>d9al ,alb]oni decl>$ ?is elegant /ructure to be a jewel :i* des]v$ a cov] ( gold to pres]ve x f ext]nal injuries4 ,an ,italian pa9t]1 p]ceiv+ a small "p ( ! ro( repair$ by mod]n ,fr5* masonry1 tore 8 hair1 & exclaim$ 9 a rage1 8,z\nds6 :at d ,i see8 ,h>lequ9's hat on ! head ( ,augu/us60 ,9 its g5]al ar*itectural effect1 z well z 9 all its details ( sculpture & ornam5t1 ! ,maison ,c>r ( ,nismes is ravi%+ly beautiful1 & c n be p>allel$ by any /ructure ( anci5t or mod]n times4 ,t :i* mo/ excites ! a/oni%m5t ( ! admir+ spectator1 is to see x /&+ entire1 l ! effect ( en*antm5t1 aft] su* a succession ( ages1 subject$ z sev]al ( !m 71 to ! ravages ( ! b>b>ians :o ov]ran ! mo/ int]e/+ p>ts ( ,europe4 ,9 ! progress ( _m c5turies1 ! ,maison ,c>r has be5 us$ z a ,*ri/ian *ur*1 & also = _m ord9>y purposes1 "s ( !m ( ! l[e/ "*4 ,! f9e ,cor9?ian columns ( ?is build+ h be5 mu* corrod$ by "t1 & two t 7 contigu\s1 7 mutilat$ 9 ! flut+s to make m room = ! passage ( a f>m]'s c>t :5 ! temple 0 us$ z a b>n or /able2 &1 to af=d m accommodations1 walls 7 built up betwe5 ! columns ( ! portico4 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury x 0 us$ z t[n-h\se1 or htel de ville4 ,:5 atta*$ to ! ,augu/9e conv5t x 0 employ$ z a sepul*]2 & 9 ! days ( t]ror1 ! revolution>y tribunal held its meet+s "h4 ,! build+ is at pres5t occupi$ z a museum4 ,x conta9s _m int]e/+ objects1 especially ,roman antiquities3 ! pictures are n rem>kable4 ,!re is 9 x a beautiful mosaic pavem5t tak5 up entire f a ,roman h\se4 ,?is temple is suppos$ to h be5 only ! c5t] ( a mu* l>g] build+1 ext5d+ ) w+s & long colonnades to ! "r & left1 ^: f\ndations h be5 discov]$4 ,,! ,,pont ,,du ,,g>d4 ,?is celebrat$ ,roman monum5t is di/ant ab\t ?ree leagues f ! city ( ,nismes4 ,in/ead ( f9d+ x 9 a ru9\s condition1 z he might reasonably h expect$1 ! travel]1 on approa*+ x1 is agreeably disappo9t$ :5 he p]ceives t x looks z fre% z a mod]n bridge ( a few ye>s' /&+4 ,! climate is ei!r s pure & dry1 or ! free/one ) :i* x is built is s h>d1 t ! v angles ( ! /ones rema9 z acute z if !y _h be5 rec5tly cut4 ,a few ( !m h1 inde$1 dropp$ out ( ! ar*es2 b ! :ole is admirably pres]v$1 & pres5ts ! eye ) a piece ( ar*itecture1 s unaffect$ly elegant1 s simple1 &1 at ! same "t1 s maje/ic1 t x defies ! mo/ phlegmatic spectator to view x )\t admiration4 ,x 0 rais$ 9 ! ,augu/an age1 by ! ,roman colony ( ,nismes1 to convey a /ream ( wat] betwe5 two m\nta9s1 = ! use ( t city4 ,by means ( x ! ar5a ( ! amphi!at] c\ld be flood$ = ! nauma*i4 ,x /&s ov] ! riv] ,g>don1 a beautiful pa/oral /ream1 brawl+ among rocks :i* =m a numb] ( pretty natural cascades1 & ov]%ad[$ on ea* side by trees & %rubs1 :i* add greatly to ! rural beauties ( ! sc5e4 ,?is elegant /ructure consi/s ( ?ree bridges1 or ti]s ( ar*es1 "o above ano!r2 ! fir/ ( six1 ! second ( elev51 & ! ?ird ( ?irty-six ar*es4 ,! hight1 compreh5d+ ! aqu$uct on ! top1 is "o hundr$ & sev5ty-f\r feet & ?ree in*es1 & ! l5g?1 betwe5 ! two m\nta9s1 :i* x unites1 is sev5 hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree feet4 ,! ord] ( ! ar*itecture is ,tuscan2 b its symmetry is inconceivable4 ,by scoop+ ! bases ( ! pila/]s ( ! second ti] ( ar*es1 a passage 0 made = foot-travel]s2 b al?\gh ! anci5ts f> excell$ ! mod]ns 9 po9t ( beauty & magnific5ce1 !y c]ta9ly fell %ort ( !m 9 po9t ( conv5i5ce4 ,! inhabitants ( ,avignon h1 9 ?is p>ticul>1 improv$ ! ,roman "w by a new bridge by apposition1 con/ruct$ on ! same plan ) t ( ! l[] ti] ( ar*es1 ( :i* inde$ x seems to be a "p1 af=d+ a broad & commodi\s passage ov] ! riv]1 to horses & c>riages4 ,! aqu$uct = ! cont9uance ( :i* ?is sup]b "w 0 rais$1 convey$ a /ream ( pure wat] f ! f\nta9 ( ,eure1 ne> ! city ( ,uzes1 & ext5d$ ne>ly six leagues 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anci5t ,,roman ,,aqu$uct4 ,,anci5t ,,aqu$uct ,,ne> ,,rome4 ,9 ?is connection1 we may notice an anci5t ,roman aqu$uct1 ! ar*es ( :i* may /ill be se5 by ! t\ri/ z he approa*es ! 8et]nal city20 & a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut on ! next page4 ,x rem9ds u1 9 its g5]al outl9es1 ( ! ,pont du ,g>d :i* has j be5 describ$1 except t ! latt] has ?ree ti]s ( ar*es :ile ?is has b two2 & ! /yles ( ar*itecture 9 ! two are diff]5t4 ,^! imm5se /ructures1 c>ri$ = miles ov] valleys & ?r\gh hills1 7 re>$ by ! anci5ts at ! co/ ( va/ exp5se & labor1 t !y might supply !mselves ) pure wat] = dome/ic & public uses4 ,& _! ru9s /ill be> witness to ! gigantic scale on :i* su* works 7 plann$ & complet$1 at an age & among a p t we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( z f> inf]ior to our own4 ,,! ,,roman ,,=um4 ,!re has be5 mu* discussion z to ! =m & ext5t ( ! ,roman =um1 & z to ! use ( "s ( ! /ructures ^: ru9s are f\nd )9 its area4 ,sometimes ! ^w =um 0 appli$ to m>ket-places--=um bo>ium1 =a v5alia1 z well z to places :]e ju/ice 0 adm9i/]$1 =a civilia4 ,! great ,roman ,=um at ! foot ( ! ,capitol1 & contigu\s to ! ,palat9e hill1 01 no d\bt1 int5d$ by ,romulus = ! assemblies ( ! p4 ,x 0 adorn$ ) an imm5se numb] ( ,grecian /atues1 among :i* 7 twelve gilt /atues ( ! pr9cipal gods4 ,num]\s relics ( its =m] gr&eur n[ fill ! campo vacc9o--brok5 porticos1 ru9$ ar*es1 s+le columns1 & ! rema9s ( temples4 ,to ea* ( ^! belongs a /ory ( curi\s antiqu>ian rese>*4 ,)\t wi%+ to foll[ ! beat5 pa? ( all travel]s1 x is impossible to pass ^! _w-r5[n$ memorials ( a by-gone age )\t "s brief notice4 ,"o ( ^! is ,,! ,,ar* ,,( ,,sev]us4 ,! ar* ( ,septimius ,sev]us /&s 9 ! ,=um1 on ! ea/]n front ( ! ,capitol4 ,! soil & rubbi% !re accumulat$ 0 fifte5 feet deep1 b ! gr\nd 0 excavat$ "u ,napoleon1 & ! :ole ( ?is f9e monum5t 0 ?us br\ght into view4 ,x 0 erect$ ,a4 ,d4 #bje1 by ! s5ate & p ( ,rome1 9 honor ( ! emp]or & 8 sons1 on acc\nt ( _! conque/s ( ! ,p>?ians & ,p]sians4 ,?is is record$ ^u ! monum5t1 9 an inscription :i* is /ill p]fectly legible4 ,! monum5t 0 con/ruct$ entirely ( ,grecian m>ble4 ,!re is a l>ge & l(ty middle ar*1 & !re are two lat]al ar*es4 ,9 "o ( ! columns is a /aircase ( fifty /eps1 lead+ to ! top1 on :i* !re 0 orig9ally a c> drawn by six horses1 conta9+ ! figures ( ! emp]or & ( 8 two sons1 ,geta & ,c>acalla4 ,geta 0 murd]$ by 8 bro!r1 & ! inscription :i* allud$ to bo? 0 mutilat$ by ,c>acalla1 s z to leave out ! "n ( ,geta2 ?is oblit]ation is obvi\s on inspection4 ,!re are on ! panels _m figures 9 high relief1 repres5t+ de$s ( w>1 9 :i* ! ,romans s mu* delight$4 ,,! ,,ar* ,,( ,,titus4 ,?is1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ,roman ar*es1 & a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut on ! next page1 0 erect$ to commemorate ! conque/ ( ,j]usalem by ,titus4 ,x /&s at ! ea/]n end ( ! ,=um1 & ! via sacra passes b5ea? x4 ,x is built ( ,grecian m>ble1 & has only a s+le ar*1 ) flut$ columns on ea* side4 ,on ! side t[>d ! ,=um !re is a mutilat$ figure ( ,victory /&+ ov] ! ar*4 ,! side t[>d ! ,coliseum is ! mo/ p]fect2 & ne>ly all ! cornice & ! ant are pres]v$4 ,?is ar* has a peculi> int]e/ atta*$ to x1 because x illu/rates ,scripture hi/ory4 ,on "o ( ! bass-reliefs1 inside ( ! ar*1 a procession are be>+ ! spoils ( ! temple--! gold5 c&le/ick & ! silv] trumpets--! only au!ntic repres5tations ( ^? sacr$ objects1 & p]fectly correspond+ ) ! description giv5 by ,josephus4 ,! sev5-bran*$ c&le/ick itself 0 lo/ 9 ! ,tib]1 & n[ reposes amid/ its yell[ s&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ar* ,,( ,,titus4 ,,! ,,capitol4 ,! mod]n ,capitol is erect$ on ! f\ndation ( ! anci5t4 ,! huge blocks ( pep]9o /one :i* und]lie ! pres5t ,capitol rise f ! area ( ! ,=um1 f> bel[2 & x is q obvi\s t ! mod]n /ructure is sup]impos$4 ,! ,capitol hill is ! highe/ gr\nd 9 old ,rome2 & ! summit ( its t[] is1 z already obs]v$1 high] ?an any o!r build+ 9 ,rome ea/ ( ! ,tib]4 ,we asc5d to ! pres5t ,capitol f ! we/1 by a s]ies ( m>ble /eps4 ,on ! "r & left1 at ! top ( ! /airs1 are antique eque/rian & colossal /atues ( ,ca/or & ,pollux1 m\nt$ ^u high p$e/als4 ,9 ! middle ( ! area1 9 front ( ! ,capitol1 is ! colossal eque/rian /atue believ$ to be t ( ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,x is 9 bronze1 & is a mo/ noble specim5 ( anci5t art4 ,! emp]or is truly imp]ial1 & ! horse is admirable2 x c n be exce$$ 9 symmetry & gr&eur4 ,?is /atue1 _h x n be5 mi/ak5 = a /atue ( ,con/ant9e1 w\ld h %>$ ! fate ( o!r productions ( pagan art4 ,x 0 orig9ally gild$1 & ! gold is /ill visible ^u x "h & !re4 ,! head & neck ( ! horse are copi$ by mod]n sculptors1 z be+ ! be/ specim5s ( ! =m ( ?is "p ( ! noble animal 9 exi/5ce4 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,capitol4 ,?is museum is situat$ 9 two w+s1 on ! "r & left ( ! ,capitol9e hill4 ,!y d n =m a "p ( ! same /ructure4 ,x is exce$+ly in/ructive1 z ! /atues are v num]\s2 & we c n d\bt t !y exhibit fai?fully ! p]sons ( ! anci5t ,romans1 ) _! features & co/umes4 ,_m ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,roman emp]ors1 poets1 hi/orians1 & orators1 are repres5t$ 9 m>ble or bronze2 ,trajan1 ,caligula1 ,hadrian1 ,n]o1 ,n]va1 ,julius ,cs> & 8 murd]] ,brutus1 ,cic]o1 ,virgil1 ,c>acalla1 & a multitude m4 ,"s ( ! /atues are colossal4 ,!re are sev]al p>ts ( an imm5se /atue ( ,n]o1 :i* 0 design$ to be "o hundr$ & fifty feet high1 & to rival 9 altitude ! ,coliseum itself4 ,9 crime & infamy1 he 0 inde$ a colossus4 ,8 c\nt5ance has a grovel+1 animal expression1 v /rongly m>k$ 9 a bu/ conta9$ 9 a private museum1 :]e1 z if to correspond ) ! blackness ( 8 "*1 he is sculptur$ 9 basalt1 or black m>ble4 8,we saw 9 ! museum ( ! ,capitol10 says ,pr(essor ,silliman1 8! orig9al ( t bu/ ( ,cic]o1 :i* repres5ts him z a l>ge man ) a full face & r\nd head1 ! v rev]se ( ! bu/ =m]ly said to be ,cic]o's1 & :i* ,i saw 9 #ahje 9 ! ,e>l ( ,pembroke's palace1 ne> ,salisbury1 ,engl&4 ,t bu/ made ,cic]o's features lean1 muscul>1 & %>p1 ) a w>t on ! "r *eek1 ne> ! nose4 ,arti/s & antiqu>ies h no d\bt1 ,i believe1 ( ! au!nticity ( ! bu/ 9 ! ,capitol1 :i* be>s 8 "n1 & 0 f\nd 9 a villa ( ,mecnas4 ,an excell5t copy ( ?is bu/1 by our c\ntryman1 ,craw=d1 is 9 ! ,trumbull gall]y 9 ,yale college1 along ) copies by ! same arti/ ( ! bu/s ( ,demo/h5es & ,hom]1 ! orig9als ( :i* we saw 9 ! ,capitol museum4 ,9 ?is museum is also to be se5 ! celebrat$ ,v5us ( ! ,capitol1 to :i* a sep>ate saloon is devot$4 ,! dy+ ,gladiator is 9 a room ) o!r noble antique /atues4 ,byron has completely embalm$ ?is figure 9 8 memorable description 9 ! fif? canto ( ,*ilde ,h>old's pilgrimage4 ,x is probable t ! arti/ himself1 c\ld he h read ! passage1 w\ld h confess$ t x express$ 8 s5tim5t ev5 m p]fectly ?an ! m>ble4 ,any "o :o has trav]s$ ,italy ) ,byron 9 8 h&1 w readily appreciate n only ! wond]ful fidelity ( 8 descriptions1 b t all o!r language seems pov]ty-/rick5 & unmean+ :5 comp>$ ) ! ma/]ly t\*es by :i* he has pa9t$ ! v>i\s monum5ts ( antiquity :i* adorn 8 pictur$ page4 ,= example1 besides ! passage j allud$ to1 we h 8 tomb ( ,cecilia ,metella1 ! ,?und]-/rick5 ,nurse ( ,rome6 ! ,coliseum1 ! ,pan!on1 & ,/4 ,pet]'s1 c4 ,! orig9al bronze wolf1 repres5t+ ! e>ly nurs+ ( ,romulus & ,remus1 is 9 ! ,capitol museum4 ,! little ur*9s1 also 9 bronze1 are eag]ly draw+ f ! savage wet-nurse ! means ( life4 ,?is fable af=ds n an unapt symbol ( ! f]oci\s disposition ( ,romulus1 :o slew 8 bro!r1 & ( mo/ ( ! ,roman p1 ( :atev] rank1 to :om human blood seems to h be5 a delightful nect>4 ,!re has be5 mu* discussion z to ! antiquity ( ?is wolf4 ,x appe>s probable t ?is is ! image ref]r$ to by ,cic]o2 & x be>s m>ks ( hav+ be5 /ruck by lightn+1 accord+ to tradition4 ,!re is a l>ge piece ( metal torn out ( "o ( ! h9d legs ( ! wolf1 & ?is is /at$ by tradition to h happ5$ f a ?und]-/roke1 7to :i*1 ( c\rse1 ,byron alludes 9 8 immortal l9es17 :i* fell ^u ! wolf ! mom5t :5 x 0 ann\nc$ 9 ! ,capitol t ,julius ,cs> 0 dead40 ,,/4 ,,pet]',s ,,( ,,rome4 ,! piazza ( ?is ma/]piece ( ar*itecture1 a view ( :i* z se5 f ! ,tib] is giv5 9 ! cut on ! next page1 is altoge!r sublime4 ,! d\ble colonnade on ea* side1 ext5d+ 9 a semicircul> sweep1 ! /up5d\s ,egyptian obelisk1 ! two f\nta9s1 ! portico1 & ! admirable faade ( ! *ur*1 =m su* an assemblage ( magnific5t objects1 z c n fail to impress ! m9d ) awe & admiration4 ,! *ur* appe>s 9 ! backgr\nd1 & on ea* side is a r[ ( quadruple ar*es1 re/+ on two hundr$ & eighty-f\r pill>s1 & eighty-eight pila/]s3 ^! ar*es support "o hundr$ & n9ety-two /atues1 twelve feet 9 hight4 ,! two noble f\nta9s ?r[ a mass ( wat] to ! hight ( n9e feet1 f :i* x falls 9 a v picturesque mann]1 & adds greatly to ! beauty ( ! sc5e4 ,9 ! c5t] is ! f9e obelisk4 ,at ! fir/ entrance into ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ! effect is n s /rik+ z might be expect$3 x enl>ges itself1 h[ev]1 ins5sibly on all sides1 & improves on ! eye e mom5t4 ,! proportions are s accurately obs]v$1 t ea* ( ! p>ts are se5 to an equal advantage1 )\t di/+ui%+ itself above ! re/4 ,x appe>s nei!r extremely high1 nor long1 nor broad1 because a j equality is pres]v$ ?r\gh\t4 ,al?\gh e object 9 ?is *ur* is admirable1 ! mo/ a/oni%+ "p ( x is ! cupola4 ,on asc5d+ to x1 ! spectator is surpris$ to f9d1 t ! dome :i* he sees 9 ! *ur*1 is n ! same ) ! "o he _h exam9$ )\t doors1 ! latt] be+ a k9d ( case to ! o!r1 & ! /airs by :i* he asc5ds into ! ball ly+ betwe5 ! two4 ,_h !re be5 ! outw>d dome only1 x w\ld n h be5 se5 to advantage by ^? :o are )9 ! *ur*2 or _h !re be5 ! inw>d "o only1 x w\ld sc>cely h be5 se5 by ^? :o are )\t2 & _h bo? be5 "o solid dome ( s great a ?ickness1 ! pill>s w\ld h be5 too weak to h support$ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,pet]',s ,,z ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,tib]4 ,x is n easy to conceive a m glori\s ar*itectural display ?an ! "o :i* pres5ts itself to ! spectator :o /&s b5ea? ! dome4 ,if he looks upw>d1 he is a/oni%$ at ! spaci\s holl[ ( ! cupola1 & has a vault on e side ( him1 :i* makes "o ( ! mo/ beautiful vi/as ! eye c possibly h to p5etrate4 ,to convey an idea ( its magnitude1 x w suffice to say1 t ! hight ( ! body ( ! *ur*1 f ! gr\nd to ! upp] "p ( its ceil+1 is f\r hundr$ & ?irty-two feet1 & t sixte5 p]sons may place !mselves1 )\t inconv5i5ce1 9 ! globul> top ov] ! dome1 :i* is annually light$1 on ! tw5ty-n9? ( ,june1 by f\r ?\s& lamps & two ?\s& fire-pots1 pres5t+ a mo/ delightful spectacle4 ,! ve/ibule ( ,/4 ,pet]'s is gr& & beautiful4 ,ov] ! second entrance is a f9e mosaic f ,giotto1 execut$ 9 ! ye> #acjc2 & at ! corn]s1 to ! "r & left1 are ! eque/rian /atues ( ,con/ant9e & ,*>lemagne4 ,( ! five doors lead+ to ! *ur* itself1 "o1 call$ ! holy door1 is g5]ally %ut up by brick-"w1 & is only op5$ at ! "t ( ! jubilee4 ,! middle gate is ( bronze1 ) bass-reliefs4 ,( ! "o hundr$ & ?irty /atues ) :i* ?is *ur* is adorn$1 t ( ,/4 ,pet] is ! mo/ conspicu\s3 x is said to h be5 reca/ f a bronze /atue ( ,jupit] ,capitol9us4 ,"o hundr$ & twelve lamps are con/antly burn+ ar\nd ! tomb ( ?is sa9t2 & ! high alt> close to x1 on :i* ! pope alone reads mass1 is ov]%ad[$ by a ceil+1 :i* exce$s 9 l(t9ess t ( any palace ( ,rome4 ,! spl5did sacri/y 0 built by ,pius ,,vi4 ,b by f> ! greate/ ornam5ts ( ! int]ior are ! excell5t works 9 mosaic1 all copi$ f ! mo/ celebrat$ pictures1 :i* are ?us gu>d$ f oblivion4 ,! great & truly awful dome ( ,/4 ,pet]'s is only two feet less 9 diamet] ?an t ( ! ,pan!on1 be+ "o hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 feet2 b x exce$s ! latt] 9 hight by tw5ty feet1 be+ "o hundr$ & fifty-n9e feet1 besides ! lant]n1 ! basis p$e/al ( ! top1 ! globul> top itself1 & ! cross above x1 :i*1 collectively1 measure "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet4 ,! ro( ( ! *ur* is asc5d$ by easy /eps2 & "h ! visitor seems to h ent]$ a small t[n1 = he sudd5ly f9ds himself among a numb] ( h\ses1 :i* ei!r s]ve z repositories ( implem5ts & mat]ials = repair+ ! *ur*1 or are inhabit$ by ! workm54 ,! dome1 at ! foot ( :i* he n[ arrives1 appe>s to be ! p>i% *ur* ( ?is t[n2 & ! inf]ior domes seem z if int5d$ only = ornam5ts to fill up ! vacuities4 ,add to ?is1 t he c n see ! /reets ( ,rome1 on acc\nt ( ! surr\nd+ high gall]y & its colossal /atues1 & ! s+ul>ity ( su* a sc5e may be easily conceiv$4 ,x is besides said1 t a m>ket is occasionally held "h = ! a]ial inhabitants4 ,b al?\gh ! adv5tur\s /rang] is n[ on ! ro(1 he has /ill a great hight to asc5d be=e he rea*es ! summit ( ! dome4 ,previ\sly to 8 engag+ 9 ?is ent]prise1 he is conduct$ to ! inside gall]y ( ! dome4 ,f ?is spot ! p )9 ! body ( ! *ur* appe> l *ildr54 ,! high] he goes1 ! m uncom=table he f9ds himself1 on acc\nt ( ! oblique walls ov] ! n>r[ /aircase2 & he is (t5 compell$ to lean ) 8 :ole body q to "o side4 ,sev]al m>ble plates are affix$ 9 ^? walls1 conta9+ ! names ( ! di/+ui%$ p]sonages :o h _h ! c\rage to asc5d to ! dome1 & ev5 to climb up to ! lant]n1 & ! top4 ,! emp]or ,joseph ,,ii4 is twice m5tion$2 & ,paul ,i4 z gr& duke4 ,9 "s p>ts1 :]e ! /airs are too /eep1 m commodi\s /eps ( wood h be5 plac$4 ,by ^! ! lant]n c be rea*$ ) great] facility2 & ! view :i* !re waits ! visitor1 is magnific5t beyond description3 x is an imm5se panorama1 b\nd$ by ! sea4 ,silliman1 9 8 late 8,visit to ,europe10 adds po9ts ( int]e/ ) reg>d to ,/4 ,pet]'s n giv5 above1 :i* !re=e we quote4 8,! int]ior10 he says1 8is beyond description ri* & magnific5t4 ,x is said to h co/ fifty million doll>s4 ,! circumf]5ce ( ea* ( ! f\r great pill>s :i* support ! dome1 is two hundr$ & ?irty-f\r feet4 ,! diamet] ( ! dome is "o hundr$ & n9ety-five feet2 ! hight ( ! dome to ! lant]n1 is f\r hundr$ & five feet2 to ! top ( ! cross1 is f\r hundr$ & ?irty-f\r feet4 ,! floor is compos$ entirely ( m>ble ( v>i\s colors1 & dispos$ 9 ornam5tal =ms2 inde$1 ! :ole int]ior ( ! *ur*1 ! columns & pila/]s except$1 is fac$ ) ! mo/ beautiful m>ble1 highly poli%$2 :ile num]\s m$allions1 exquisite monum5ts1 & spl5did mosaic copies ( ! be/ pictures1 adorn ! int]ior1 & =m an integral "p ( its walls4 ,! ro(1 or ceil+1 is /ucco$ 9 sunk5 squ>es or panels1 ri*ly gilt4 ,!re is no "p :i* is n sumptu\sly decorat$4 ,x seems z if +5uity1 art1 ta/e1 tal5t1 & skill1 all ! res\rces ( weal?1 & ( ,nature h]self1 ?r\gh all h] va/ /oreh\se ( mat]ials1 _h be5 laid "u contribution1 to make ,/4 ,pet]'s ! mo/ glori\s ( ! /ructures re>$ by man4 ,) a pure fai?1 x w\ld be a temple wor?y ( ! ,god :o creat$ all ! mat]ials ) :i* x is built1 & :o furni%$ man ) all ! faculties1 :i* h enabl$ him to re> & adorn ?is unrival$ /ructure1 a fit abode1 l ! glori\s fane ( ,j]usalem1 = ! habitation ( ! spiritual influ5ce ( ,jehovah4 ,/4 ,pet]'s 0 "o hundr$ & sev5ty-six ye>s 9 build+4 ,inde$1 includ+ all its vicissitudes1 ! p]iod 0 ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 "u =ty-?ree popes4 ,x 0 f9ally d$icat$ by ,urban ,,viii41 ,novemb] eighte5?1 #afbf4 ,! vases = hold+ holy wat] s]ve to give an idea ( ! imm5sity ( ! build+4 ,!y are support$ by *]ubs1 :i*1 on fir/ ent]+ ! *ur*1 appe> l *ildr51 b on approa*+ !m !y are f\nd to be six feet high4 ,ano!r illu/ration is d]iv$ f ! mosaic figures ( ! f\r evangeli/s1 ) _! emblems ov] ! ar*es4 ,! p5 9 ! h& ( ,/4 ,m>k is six feet long4 ,^u ! frieze runn+ r\nd ! basis ( ! dome is ?is inscription1 ea* lett] ( :i* is six feet long1 & yet ! writ+ is only conv5i5tly legible bel[3 ,,tv ,,es ,,petrvs ,,et ,,svp] ,,hanc ,,petram ,,a$ificabo ,,ecclesiam ,,meam ,,et ,,tibi ,,dabo ,,claves ,,regni40 ,,! ,,soil ,,( ,,rome4 ,9 leav+ ! wond]s ( ,rome1 & ! city itself1 we w quote an int]e/+ extract f ,t[ns5d's 8,t\r 9 ,italy10 9 #ahej4 8,_m au?ors10 he says1 8h ass]t$1 z _! int]pretation ( "s p>ts ( ! ,apocalypse1 t ,rome w be de/roy$ by fire f heav51 or swall[$ up by e>?quakes1 or ov]:elm$ ) de/ruction by volcanoes1 z ! visible puni%m5t ( ! ,almighty1 = its pop]y & its crimes4 ,i am unwill+1 hav+ read s _m books on ! int]pretation ( ! prophecy1 to d$uce any argum5t ( ?is k9d f ! prophecies :i* are unfulfill$2 b ,i behold ev]y:]e--9 ,rome1 ne> ,rome1 & ?r\gh ! :ole region f ,rome to ,naples--! mo/ a/\nd+ pro(s1 n m]ely ( ! possibility1 b ! probability t ! :ole region ( c5tral ,italy w "o day be de/roy$ by su* a cata/rophe4 ,! soil ( ,rome is tufa1 ) a volcanic subt]ranean action /ill go+ on4 ,at ,naples ! boil+ sulphur is to be se5 bubbl+ ne> ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,:5 ,i drew a /ick along ^u ! gr\nd1 ! sulphur\s smoke foll[$ ! ind5tation2 & x w\ld nev] surprise me to he> ( ! utt] de/ruction ( ! s\!rn p59sula ( ,italy4 ,! entire c\ntry & di/rict is volcanic4 ,x is saturat$ ) b$s ( sulphur & ! sub/rata ( de/ruction4 ,x seems z c]ta9ly prep>$ = ! flames z ! wood & coal on ! he>? are prep>$ = ! tap] :i* %all k9dle ! fire to consume !m4 ,i aga9 read ! rem>ks ( ,dr4 ,cumm+3 #8,rome1' he believes1 #8is to be ov]?r[n by judgm5t2 n to be conv]t$ by ! ag5cy ( ! gospel1 nor to be exhau/$ by political assaults4 ,x is lit]ally to be consum$ by fire4' ,:e!r he is correct 9 reg>d+ su* an ev5t z ! fulfillm5t ( ! prophecies1 & ! demon/ration ( ! ang] ( ! ,creator aga9/ ! incorrigible assumption ( an err+ & influ5tial *ur*1 ,i "k n2 b ! div9e h& alone seems to me to hold ! elem5t ( fire 9 *eck by a miracle z great z t :i* protect$ ! cities ( ! pla91 till ! righte\s ,lot _h made 8 escape to ! m\nta9s40 ,,eddy/one ,,light-,,h\se4 ,! ,eddy/one rocks1 on :i* ?is celebrat$ light-h\se is built1 are situat$ ne>ly s\?-s\?-we/ f ! middle ( ,plym\? s\nd1 be+ di/ant f ! port ( ,plym\? ne>ly f\rte5 miles1 & f ! promontory call$ ,ram%ead1 ab\t t5 miles4 ,!y are almo/ 9 ! l9e1 b some:at )9 x1 :i* jo9s ! ,/>t & ! ,liz>d po9ts2 & z !y lie ne>ly 9 ! direction ( vessels coa/+ up & d[n ! *annel1 !y 7 necess>ily1 be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( a light-h\se1 v dang]\s1 & (t5 fatal to %ips "u su* circum/ances4 ,_! situation1 likewise1 relatively to ! bay ( ,biscay & ! ,atlantic ocean1 is su* t !y lie op5 to ! swells ( bo? f all ! s\?-we/]n po9ts ( ! compass2 :i* swells are g5]ally all[$ by m>9]s to be v great & heavy 9 ^? seas1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! bay ( ,biscay4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 t ! s\nd+s ( ! sea1 f ! s\?-we/ t[>d ! ,eddy/one1 are f eighty fa?oms to =ty1 & t 9 e "p1 until ! rocks are approa*$1 ! sea has a dep? ( at lea/ ?irty fa?oms2 insomu* t all ! heavy seas f ! s\?-we/ rea* !m uncontroll$1 & break on !m ) ! utmo/ fury4 ,! =ce & hight ( ^! seas are increas$ by ! fact t ! rocks /ret* across ! *annel1 9 a direction nor? & s\?1 to ! l5g? ( above "o hundr$ fa?oms1 & by _! ly+ 9 a slop+ mann] t[>d ! s\?-we/ qu>t]4 ,?is /riv+ ( ! rocks1 z x is te*nically call$1 does n cease at l[-wat]1 b /ill goes on progressively2 s t1 at fifty fa?oms we/w>d1 !re are twelve fa?oms ( wat]2 nei!r does x t]m9ate at ! di/ance ( a mile4 ,f ?is configuration x happ5s1 t ! seas are swoll5 to su* a degree1 9 /orms & heavy gales ( w9d1 z to break on ! rocks ) ! utmo/ viol5ce4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t ! dang]s to :i* navigators 7 expos$ by ! ,eddy/one rocks %\ld h made a great comm]cial nation desir\s to h a light-h\se erect$ on !m4 ,! wond] is t any "o %\ld h _h suffici5t resolution to und]take its con/ruction4 ,su* a man 01 h[ev]1 f\nd 9 ! p]son ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,w9/anley1 ( ,littleburgh1 9 ,essex1 :o1 be+ furni%$ ) ! necess>y p[]s to c>ry ! design into execution1 ent]$ on 8 und]tak+ 9 #afif1 & complet$ x 9 f\r ye>s4 ,s c]ta9 0 he ( ! /ability ( 8 /ructure1 t he decl>$ x to be 8 wi% to be 9 x 8dur+ ! greate/ /orm :i* ev] blew "u ! face ( ! heav5s40 ,9 ?is wi% he 0 b too amply gratifi$2 = :ile he 0 !re ) 8 workm5 & light-keep]s1 t dreadful /orm began1 :i* rag$ mo/ viol5tly on ! night ( ! tw5ty-six? ( ,novemb]1 #agjc2 & ( all ! acc\nts ( ! k9d ) :i* hi/ory has furni%$ u1 no "o has exce$$ ?is 9 ,great ,brita91 nor has be5 m injuri\s or ext5sive 9 its deva/ations4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+1 :5 ! /orm 0 s mu* abat$1 t an inquiry c\ld be made1 :e!r ! light-h\se _h suff]$ f x1 no?+ 0 to be se5 /&+1 ) ! exception ( "s ( ! l>ge irons by :i* ! "w 0 fix$ on ! rock2 nor 7 any ( ! p1 nor any ( ! mat]ials ( ! build+ ev] f\nd aft]w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,eddy/one ,,light-,,h\se4 ,9 #agji1 ano!r light-h\se 0 built ( wood1 on a v diff]5t con/ruction1 by ,mr4 ,john ,rudy]d1 !n a silk-m]c] on ,ludgate hill4 ,?is v +5i\s /ructure1 aft] hav+ brav$ ! elem5ts = =ty-six ye>s1 0 burn$ to ! gr\nd 9 #agee4 ,on ! de/ruction ( ?is light-h\se1 t excell5t me*anic & eng9e]1 ,mr4 ,smeaton1 0 select$ z ! fitte/ p]son to build ano!r4 ,he f\nd "s difficulty 9 p]suad+ ! proprietors1 t a /one build+1 prop]ly con/ruct$1 w\ld be 9 e respect pref]able to "o ( wood2 b hav+ at l5g? conv9c$ !m1 he turn$ 8 ?\ghts to ! %ape :i* w\ld be mo/ suitable to a build+ s critically situat$4 ,reflect+ on ! /ructure ( ! =m] build+s1 x seem$ to him a mat]ial improvem5t to procure1 if possible1 an enl>gem5t ( ! base1 )\t increas+ ! size ( ! wai/1 or t "p ( ! build+ plac$ betwe5 ! top ( ! rock & ! top ( ! solid "w4 ,h5ce he ?\ght a great] degree ( /r5g? & /iffness w\ld be ga9$1 accompani$ ) less resi/ance to ! act+ p[]4 ,on ?is occasion1 ! natural figure ( ! wai/1 or bole ( a l>ge spread+ oak1 occurr$ to our sagaci\s eng9e]4 ,) ^! v enlight5$ views1 z to ! prop] =m ( ! sup]/ructure1 ,mr4 ,smeaton began ! "w on ! second ( ,april1 #ageg1 & complet$ x on ! f\r? ( ,augu/1 #agei4 ,its appe>ance1 z complet$1 may be se5 9 ! cut on ! prec$+ page4 ,! rock1 :i* slopes t[>d ! s\?-we/1 is cut into horizontal /eps1 into :i* are dovetail$1 & unit$ by a /rong cem5t1 ,portl& /one & granite4 ,! :ole to ! hight ( ?irty-five feet f ! f\ndation1 is a solid body ( /ones1 engraft$ into ea* o!r1 & unit$ by e means ( additional /r5g? t c\ld be devis$4 ,! build+ has f\r rooms1 "o ov] ! o!r1 & at ! top a gall]y & lant]n4 ,! /one floors are flat above1 b concave b5ea?1 & are kept f press+ aga9/ ! sides ( ! build+ by a *a9 let into ! walls4 ,x is ne>ly eighty feet 9 hight1 & s9ce its completion has be5 assault$ by ! fury ( ! elem5ts1 )\t suff]+ ! smalle/ injury4 ,to trace ! progress ( s va/ an und]tak+1 & to %[ ) :at skill & judgm5t ?is unp>allel$ eng9e] ov]came ! greate/ difficulties1 w\ld f> exce$ ! limits ( ?is "w4 ,,bell ,,rock ,,light-,,h\se4 ,! ,bell rock1 or ,in* cape1 is situat$ on ! nor?-ea/ coa/ ( ,great ,brita91 twelve miles s\?-we/ f ! t[n ( ,arbroa?1 9 ,fife%ire1 & ?irty miles nor?-ea/ f ,/4 ,abb's head1 9 ! c\nty ( ,b]wick4 ,x lies 9 ! direct trace ( ! fir? ( ,tay1 & ( a great proportion ( ! %ipp+ ( ! fir? ( ,=?1 embrac+ a v ext5sive local trade4 ,?is e/u>y is besides ! pr9cipal inlet on ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,brita91 9 :i* ! %ipp+ ( ! ,g]man ocean & ,nor? sea take refuge :5 ov]tak5 by ea/]ly /orms4 ,at neap-tides1 or at ! quadratures ( ! moon1 ! ,bell rock is sc>cely uncov]$ at l[-wat]2 b 9 spr+-tides1 :5 ! ebbs are greate/1 t "p ( ! rock :i* is expos$ to view at l[-wat]1 measures ab\t f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 feet 9 l5g?1 by two hundr$ & ?irty 9 bread?2 & 9 ?is l[ /ate ( ! tides1 its av]age p]p5dicul> hight above ! surface ( ! sea is ab\t f\r feet4 ,beyond ! space includ$ 9 ^! measurem5ts1 at v l[ tides1 a reef ext5ds ab\t a ?\s& feet 9 a s\?-we/ direction1 f ! high] "p ( ! rock j describ$2 & on ?is reef ! light-h\se is erect$4 ,9 ! erection ( a light-h\se on ! ,bell rock1 indep5d5tly ( its di/ance f ! ma9 l&1 a s]i\s difficulty pres5t$ itself1 aris+ f ! great] dep? ( wat] at :i* x 0 necess>y to c>ry on ! op]ations1 ?an 9 ! case ( ! ,eddy/one light-h\se1 describ$ above1 or ( any o!r build+ ( ! same k9d1 anci5t or mod]n1 :i* _h be5 hi!rto und]tak54 ,its description is z foll[s4 ,! ,bell rock light-h\se1 :i* has n improp]ly be5 t]m$ ! ,scotti% ,ph>os1 is a circul> build+1 ! f\ndation /one ( :i* is ne>ly on a level ) ! surface ( ! sea at l[-wat] ( ord9>y spr+-tides2 &1 consequ5tly1 at high-wat] ( ^! tides ! build+ is imm]s$ to ! hight ( ab\t fifte5 feet4 ,! fir/ two1 or l[e/ c\rses ( ! masonry1 are imb$d$1 or sunk into ! rock1 & ! /ones ( all ! c\rses are curi\sly dovetail$ & jo9$ ) ea* o!r1 =m+ "o connect$ mass f ! c5t] to ! circumf]5ce4 ,! successive c\rses ( ! "w are also atta*$ to ea* o!r by joggles ( /one2 &1 to prev5t ! /ones f be+ lift$ up by ! =ce ( ! sea1 :ile ! "w 0 9 progress1 ea* /one ( ! solid "p ( ! build+ _h two holes bor$ ?r\gh x1 ent]+ six in*es into ! c\rse imm$iately bel[1 into :i* oak5 tree-nails1 two in*es 9 diamet]1 7 driv51 aft] ,mr4 ,smeaton's plan at ! ,eddy/one light-h\se4 ,! cem5t us$ at ! ,bell rock1 l t at ! latt]1 0 a mixture ( pozzuolana1 e>?1 lime1 & s&1 9 equal p>ts1 by measure4 ,! /ones employ$ 9 ?is surpris+ /ructure weigh f two tuns to half a tun ea*4 ,! gr\nd c\rse measures =ty-two feet 9 diamet]1 & ! build+ dim9i%es z x rises to ! top1 :]e ! p>apet wall ( ! light-room has a diamet] ( ?irte5 feet only4 ,x is solid f ! gr\nd c\rse to ! hight ( ?irty feet1 :]e ! entry door is plac$1 ! asc5t to :i* is by a k9d ( rope-ladd]1 ) wood5 /eps1 hung out at ebb-tide1 & tak5 into ! build+ aga9 :5 ! wat] cov]s ! rock2 b /rang]s to ?is sort ( climb+ are tak5 up 9 a k9d ( *air1 by a small movable crane project$ f ! door1 f :i* a n>r[ passage leads to a /one /aircase ?irte5 feet 9 hight4 ,"h ! walls are sev5 feet ?ick1 b !y gradually dim9i% f ! top ( ! /aircase to ! p>apet wall ( ! light-room1 :]e !y measure "o foot only 9 ?ickness4 ,! upp] "p ( ! build+ is divid$ into six ap>tm5ts = ! use ( ! light-h\se keep]s1 & = conta9+ ! light-h\se /ores4 ,! l[]1 or fir/ ( ^! floors1 conta9s ! wat]-tanks1 fuel1 & o!r bulky articles2 ! second1 ! oil-ci/]ns1 glass1 & o!r light-room /ores2 ! ?ird is occupi$ z a kit*52 ! f\r? is ! b$-room2 ! fif?1 ! libr>y1 or /rang]'s room2 & ! upp] ap>tm5t =ms ! light-room4 ,! floors ( ! sev]al ap>tm5ts are ( /one1 & ! communication f ! "o to ! o!r is effect$ by wood5 ladd]s1 except 9 ! case ( ! light-room1 :]e e article be+ fire-pro(1 ! /eps are made ( iron4 ,9 ea* ( ! ?ree l[] ap>tm5ts are two w9d[s2 b ! upp] rooms h f\r w9d[s ea*4 ,! casem5ts ( ! w9d[s are d\ble1 & are glaz$ ) plate-glass1 hav+ besides an out] /orm-%utt]1 or dead-light1 ( timb]1 to def5d ! glass f ! waves & spray ( ! sea4 ,! p>apet wall ( ! light-room is six feet 9 hight1 & has a door lead+ out to ! balcony1 or walk1 =m$ by ! cornice r\nd ! upp] "p ( ! build+1 :i* is surr\nd$ by a ca/-iron rail1 curi\sly wr\ght l net-"w4 ,?is rail reposes on batts ( brass1 & has a massive cop+1 or top-rail1 ( ! same metal4 ,! light-room 01 ) ! :ole ( its app>atus1 fram$ & prep>$ at ,ed9burgh4 ,x is ( an octagonal figure1 measur+ twelve feet across1 & fifte5 feet 9 hight1 =m$ ) ca/-iron sa%es1 or w9d[ frames1 glaz$ ) l>ge plates ( poli%$ glass1 measur+ ab\t two feet & six in*es1 by two feet & a qu>t]1 & ! f\r? ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,x is cov]$ ) a dome ro( ( copp]1 t]m9at+ 9 a l>ge gilt ball1 ) a v5t-hole 9 ! top4 ,! light is v p[]ful1 & is readily se5 at ! di/ance ( sev5 leagues1 :5 ! atmosph]e is cle>4 ,x is f oil1 ) arg& burn]s1 plac$ 9 ! focus ( silv]-plat$ reflectors1 measur+ two feet ov] ! lips1 ! silv] surface be+ holl[$1 or wr\ght to ! p>abolic curve4 ,t ?is spl5did light may be ! m easily di/+ui%$ f all ! o!r lights on ! coa/1 ! reflectors are rang$ on a frame ) f\r faces1 or sides1 :i*1 by a tra9 ( ma*9]y1 is made to revolve on a p]p5dicul> axis once 9 six m9utes4 ,betwe5 ! obs]v] & ! reflectors1 on two opposite sides ( ! revolv+ frame1 %ades ( r$ glass are int]pos$ 9 su* a mann]1 t1 dur+ ea* entire revolution ( ! reflectors1 two appe>ances1 di/9ctly diff]+ f ea* o!r1 are produc$3 "o is ! common bright light famili> to all2 b on ! o!r1 or %ad$ sides1 ! rays are t+$ ( a r$ color4 ,^! r$ & bright lights1 9 ! c\rse ( ea* revolution1 alt]nate ) int]vals ( d>kness1 & ?us 9 a v beautiful & simple mann]1 *>act]ize ?is light4 ,z a fur!r w>n+ to ! m>9] 9 foggy wea!r1 two l>ge bells1 ea* weigh+ ab\t twelve hundr$ p\nds1 are toll$ day & night by ! same ma*9]y :i* moves ! lights4 ,z ^! bells1 9 mod]ate wea!r1 may be he>d consid]ably beyond ! limits ( ! rock1 vessels1 by ?is exp$i5t1 get w>n+ to put ab\t1 & are !reby prev5t$ f runn+ on ! rock 9 ?ick & hazy wea!r1 a disa/] to :i* %ips might o!rwise be liable1 not)/&+ ! erection ( ! light-h\se4 ,! e/abli%m5t consi/s ( a pr9cipal light-keep]1 ) ?ree assi/ants1 two ( :om are con/antly at ! light-h\se1 :ile ! ?ird is /ation$ at a t[] erect$ at ,arbroa?1 :]e he corresponds by signals ) ! light-keep]s at ! rock4 ,?is /up5d\s und]tak+ is highly cr$itable to ,mr4 ,/ev5son1 ! eng9e]1 & does honor to ! age 9 :i* x has be5 produc$4 ,! lights 7 exhibit$1 = ! fir/ "t1 on ! fir/ ( ,febru>y1 #ahaa4 ,,/oneh5ge4 ,?is celebrat$ monum5t ( antiquity1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut on ! next page1 /&s 9 ! middle ( a flat area ne> ! summit ( a hill1 six miles di/ant f ,salisbury4 ,x is inclos$ by a d\ble circul> bank & dit*1 ne>ly ?irty feet broad1 aft] cross+ :i* an asc5t ( ?irty y>ds leads to ! "w4 ,! :ole fabric1 ( :i* ! cut exhibits only a section1 0 orig9ally compos$ ( two circles & two ovals4 ,! out] circle is ab\t "o hundr$ & eight feet 9 diamet]1 consi/+1 :5 entire1 ( sixty /ones1 ?irty uprights1 & ?irty impo/s1 ( :i* !re n[ rema9 tw5ty-f\r uprights only1 sev5te5 /&+1 & sev5 d[n1 ?ree feet & a half asund]1 & eight impo/s4 ,elev5 uprights h _! five impo/s on !m at ! gr& entrance3 ^! /ones are f ?irte5 to tw5ty feet high4 ,! small] circle is some:at m ?an eight feet f ! inside ( ! out] "o1 & consi/$ ( =ty small] /ones1 ! highe/ measur+ ab\t six feet1 n9ete5 only ( :i* n[ rema91 & only elev5 /&+4 ,! walk betwe5 ^! two circles is ?ree hundr$ feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,! adytum1 or cell1 is an oval =m$ ( t5 /ones1 f sixte5 to tw5ty-two feet high1 9 pairs1 & ) impo/s above ?irty feet high1 ris+ 9 hight z !y g r\nd1 & ea* pair sep>ate1 & n connect$ z ! out] pair3 ! highe/ eight feet4 ,)9 ^!1 are n9ete5 o!r small] s+le /ones1 ( :i* six only are /&+4 ,at ! upp] end ( ! adytum is ! alt>1 a l>ge slab ( blue co>se m>ble1 tw5ty in*es ?ick1 sixte5 feet long1 & f\r broad3 x is press$ d[n by ! weight ( ! va/ /ones :i* h fall5 ^u x4 ,! :ole numb] ( /ones1 uprights & impo/s1 compreh5d+ ! alt>1 is "o hundr$ & =ty4 ,! /ones1 :i* h be5 by "s consid]$ artificial1 7 mo/ probably br\ght f ^? call$ ! gray wea!rs on ,m>lbor\gh d[ns1 di/ant fifte5 or sixte5 miles2 & if tri$ ) a tool1 appe> ( ! same h>dness1 gra9 & color1 be+ g5]ally r$di%4 ,! heads ( ox51 de]1 & o!r bea/s1 h be5 f\nd 9 digg+ 9 & ab\t ,/oneh5ge2 & 9 ! circumjac5t b>r[s1 human bones4 ,f ! pla9 to ?is /ructure !re are ?ree entrances1 ! mo/ consid]able ( :i* is f ! nor?-ea/2 & at ea* ( !m 7 rais$1 on ! outside ( ! tr5*1 two huge /ones1 ) two small] p>allel ones )94 ,illu/ration3 ,,/oneh5ge4 ,ge(frey ( ,monm\?1 9 8 hi/ory ( ! ,britons1 writt5 9 ! reign ( ,k+ ,/eph51 repres5ts ?is monum5t z hav+ be5 erect$ at ! comm& ( ,aurelius ,ambrosius1 ! la/ ,briti% k+1 9 memory ( f\r hundr$ & sixty ,britons :o 7 murd]$ by ,h5gi/ ! ,saxon4 ,polydore ,virgil says t x 0 erect$ by ! ,britons z ! sepul*ral monum5t ( ,aurelius ,ambrosius1 & o!r writ]s consid] x to h be5 t ( ! fam\s ,briti% que5 ,boadicea4 ,inigo ,jones is ( op9ion t x 0 a ,roman temple2 & ?is conclusion he draws f a /one sixte5 feet 9 l5g?1 & f\r 9 bread?1 plac$ 9 an exact position to ! ea/w>d1 alt>-fa%ion4 ,by ,*>lton x is ascrib$ to ! ,danes1 :o 7 two ye>s ma/]s ( ,wilt%ire2 a t9 tablet1 on :i* 7 "s unkn[n *>act]s1 hav+ be5 dug up 9 ! vic9ity1 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,?is tablet1 :i* is lo/1 might h giv5 "s in=mation respect+ its f\nd]s4 ,its common "n1 ,/oneh5ge1 is ,saxon1 & signifies a 8/one gall[s10 to :i* ! /ones1 hav+ transv]se impo/s1 be> "s resemblance4 ,x is also call$ 9 ,wel*1 *oir g\r1 or ! giants' dance4 ,mr4 ,grose1 ! antiqu>y1 is ( op9ion t ,doctor ,/ukely has completely prov$ ?is /ructure to h be5 a ,briti% temple1 9 :i* ! ,druids (ficiat$4 ,he supposes x to h be5 ! metropolitan temple ( ,great ,brita91 & translates ! words *oir g\r1 8! great *oir or temple40 ,x 0 cu/om>y ) ! ,druids to place "o l>ge /one on ano!r = a religi\s memorial2 & ^! !y (t5 plac$ s equably1 t ev5 a brea? ( w9d w\ld sometimes make !m vibrate4 ,( su* /ones "o rema9s at ?is day 9 ! pile ( ,/oneh5ge4 ,! anci5ts di/+ui%$ /ones erect$ ) a religi\s view1 by ! "n ( ambrosi petr1 amb] /ones1 ! ^w amb] imply+ :atev] is sol> & div9e4 ,accord+ to ,bryant1 ,/oneh5ge is compos$ ( ^! amb] /ones2 & h5ce ! next t[n is d5om9at$ ,ambresbury4 ,,rock+ ,,/ones4 ,! rock+ /one1 or logan1 is a /one ( a prodigi\s size1 s nicely pois$1 t x rocks or %akes ) ! smalle/ =ce4 ,sev]al ( ! consecrat$ /ones m5tion$ above1 7 rock+ /ones2 & !re 0 a wond]ful monum5t ( ?is k9d ne> ,p5zance 9 ,cornwall1 :i* /ill reta9s ! "n ( ma9-amb]1 or ! sacr$ /ones4 ,) ^! /ones ! anci5ts 7 n unacqua9t$4 ,pl9y relates t at ,h>pasa1 a t[n ( ,asia1 !re 0 a rock ( su* a wond]ful nature1 t1 if t\*$ ) ! f+]1 x w\ld %ake1 b c\ld n be mov$ f its place ) ! :ole =ce ( ! body4 ,ptolemy ,hephi/ion m5tions a /one ( ?is description ne> ! ocean1 :i* 0 agitat$ :5 /ruck by ! /alk ( ! plant asphodel1 or day-lily1 b c\ld n be remov$ by a great ex]tion ( =ce4 ,ano!r is cit$ by ,apollonius ,rhodius1 suppos$ to h be5 rais$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,argonauts1 9 ! isl& ,t5os1 z ! monum5t ( ! two-w+$ sons ( ,boreas1 sla9 by ,h]cules2 & !re are o!rs 9 ,*9a1 & 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,_m rock+ /ones are to be f\nd 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,great ,brita92 "s natural1 & o!rs artificial1 or plac$ 9 _! position by human art4 ,t ! latt] are monum5ts erect$ by ! ,druids1 _m suppose c n be d\bt$2 b tradition has n h&$ d[n ! precise purpose = :i* !y 7 int5d$4 ,9 ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,lev51 ,cornwall1 !re is a promontory call$ ,ca/le ,tr]yn4 ,on ! we/]n side ( ! middle gr\p1 ne> ! top1 lies a v l>ge /one1 s ev5ly pois$1 t a h& may move x f "o side to ! o!r2 yet s fix$ on its base1 t no lev]1 or o!r me*anical =ce1 c remove x f its pres5t situation4 ,x is call$ ! logan-/one1 & is at su* a hight f ! gr\nd z to r5d] x incr$ible t x 0 rais$ to its pres5t position by art4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 o!r rock+ /ones1 s %ap$ & situat$1 t !re c n be any d\bt ( _! hav+ be5 erect$ by human /r5g?4 ,( ?is k9d ! great quoit1 or k>n-le hau1 9 ! p>i% ( ,tywidnek1 9 ,wales1 is consid]$4 ,x is ?irty-n9e feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & f\r feet ?ick at a m$ium1 & /&s on a s+le p$e/al4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,/4 ,agnes1 ,scilly1 is a rem>kable /one ( ! same k9d4 ,! "u rock is t5 & a half feet high1 =ty-sev5 feet r\nd ! middle1 & t\*es ! gr\nd ) n m ?an half its base4 ,! upp] rock re/s on "o po9t only1 & is s nicely balanc$1 t two or ?ree m5 ) a pole c move x4 ,x is eight & a half feet high1 & =ty-sev5 9 circumf]5ce4 ,on ! top is a bas9 holl[$ out1 ?ree feet & elev5 in*es 9 diamet] at a m$ium1 b wid] at ! brim1 & ?ree feet 9 dep?4 ,f ! globul> %ape ( ! upp] /one1 x is highly probable t x 0 r\nd$ by human art1 & p]haps ev5 plac$ on its p$e/al by human /r5g?4 ,9 ,si?ney p>i%1 ne> ,hel/on1 9 ,cornwall1 /ood ! fam\s logan1 or rock+ /one1 commonly call$ ,m5 ,amb]1 t is1 ,m5 an ,b>1 or ! top /one4 ,x 0 elev5 feet by six1 & f\r high1 & s nicely pois$ on ano!r /one1 t a little *ild c\ld move x4 ,x 0 mu* visit$ by travel]s2 b ,%rubsall1 ! gov]nor ( ,p5d5nis ca/le1 "u ,cromwell1 caus$ x to be und]m9$1 by d9t ( mu* labor1 to ! great grief ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re are "s m>ks ( ! tool on x2 & x seems probable1 by its triangul> %ape1 t x 0 d$icat$ to ,m]cury4 ,,! ,,r\nd ,,t[]s ,,( ,,irel&4 ,e "o1 almo/1 has he>d ( ! r\nd t[]s ( ,irel&2 & yet1 :o has be5 able to expla9 _! orig91 or solve ! my/]y t hangs ov] ! hi/ory ( _! build]s1 & ! purposes = :i* !y 7 erect$8 ,( ^! t[]s1 "o hundr$ & sev5 are kn[n to h exi/$2 b probably !re 7 _m m4 ,"s are /ill p]fect1 o!rs are 9 ru9s4 ,!y be> a g5]al resemblance to ea* o!r1 seem+1 !re=e1 to h _h ! same object 9 view2 yet !re 7 _m m9ute po9ts ( diff]5ce4 ,"s 7 b =ty feet high2 o!rs sixty1 eighty1 & "o a hundr$ & tw5ty feet4 ,! common hight is ab\t eighty or n9ety feet4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 ( a cyl9drical =m1 & 7 cov]$ ) a conical ro(4 ,!y 7 g5]ally divid$ into ?ree /ories1 ) a w9d[ to ea*4 ,! door ( entrance 0 f six to tw5ty-f\r feet f ! gr\nd2 b h[ ?is 0 rea*$ is n kn[n4 ,9 "s cases1 !y 7 built ( hewn /one1 nicely laid 9 mort>2 9 o!rs1 ! /ones are m]ely hamm]$2 9 o!rs /ill1 !y are small & ( all %apes1 b always firmly cem5t$ by mort>1 ne>ly z h>d z ! rock itself4 ,t ^! t[]s are v anci5t1 is cle> f ! fact t :5 ,irel& 0 fir/ invad$ by ! ,engli%1 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 !y 7 !n deem$ antiquities1 & no "o 0 able to tell _! orig9 or design4 ,"s h be5 us$ z t[]s & belfries ( *ur*es2 b ^! *ur*es 7 built 9 lat] times1 & ?is use ( ! t[]s 01 evid5tly1 b an adaptation ( old /ructures to new purposes4 ,! fact t ne> !m1 9 mo/ cases1 anci5t *ur*es1 or _! rema9s1 are f\nd1 has l$ to ! belief t !y 7 ecclesia/ical /ructures1 erect$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ians ( ,irel&4 ,?is idea is explod$ by ! circum/ance t no su* build+s h ev] be5 kn[n to be erect$ 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w1 9 connection ) ! ,*ri/ian religion2 nor is x possible to conjecture = :at object1 z "p ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip1 !y c\ld h be5 design$4 ,! m preval5t & probable op9ion1 on ! subject1 seems to be ?is3 t !y 7 erect$ by ! ,phnicians or ,c>?ag9ians1 :o are kn[n to h _h settlem5ts 9 ,irel& be=e ! ,*ri/ian era2 or t !y 7 built by ! remote ,iri%1 :o bore ! "n ( ,scoti1 & :o 7 ( ,asiatic orig94 ,! object ( ^! build+s1 on ?is supposition1 0 ! pres]vation ( ! sacr$ fire1 k9dl$ 9 honor ( ,bel1 or ,baal1 a hea!n div9ity ( ! ea/1 & :o is kn[n to h be5 wor%ip$ 9 ,irel&4 ,inde$1 to ! pres5t day1 "s ( ! religi\s rites ( ! ,iri% are evid5tly b ! p]petuation ( ! c]emonies ( _! ance/ors1 turn$ f _! pagan orig9 & bl5d$ ) ,ca?olic obs]vances4 ,?is view ( ! orig9 & object ( ! r\nd t[]s is /rongly confirm$ by ! fact t 9 _! vic9ity are /ill to be f\nd ! well kn[n relics ( anci5t paganism1 su* z ! sun-/one1 ! cromle*1 ! fire-h\se1 ! spr+ ( sacr$ wat]1 necess>y 9 my/ic rites1 c4 ,to ?is x may be add$1 t 9 ,p]sia & ,india1 :]e fire-wor%ip orig9at$1 & has _h its mo/ ext5sive & endur+ seat1 !re are t[]s ( v>i\s =ms & sizes1 ascrib$1 9 _! orig91 to ?is species ( idolatry4 ,x is probable1 !re=e1 t ! e>ly settl]s ( ,irel& br\ght f ,asia1 _! orig9al c\ntry1 ideas ( religion1 :i* became modifi$ 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 b :i*1 /ill rema9+ ess5tially ! same1 display$ !mselves 9 ! /ructures :i* we h describ$4 ,! fact t ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 or _! rema9s1 are f\nd ne> ^! t[]s 9 ,irel&1 does n controv]t ! op9ion we express1 z1 9 ! fir/ place1 !y are evid5tly m mod]n ?an ! t[]s !mselves1 & are ( a diff]5t /yle ( ar*itecture2 &1 moreov]1 we "k t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians (t5 *ose1 z ! seat ( _! *ur*es1 ! v sites on :i* paganism _h re>$ its /ructures1 & n unfrequ5tly adapt$ ! /ructures !mselves to ! purposes ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip2 a fact :i* r confirms ?an opposes ! common !ory z to ^! t[]s4 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,ca!dral4 ,! *ief ecclesia/ical ornam5t ( ,london is ! ca!dral *ur* ( ,/4 ,paul1 :i* /&s 9 ! c5t] ( ! metropolis1 on an em95ce ris+ f ! valley ( ! ,fleet4 ,! body ( ! *ur* is 9 ! =m ( a cross4 ,ov] ! space :]e ! l9es ( t figure int]sect ea* o!r1 rises a /ately dome1 f ! top ( :i* spr+s a lant]n adorn$ ) ,cor9?ian columns1 & surr\nd$ at its base by a balcony2 on ! lant]n re/s a gild$ ball1 & on t a cross 7gilt also7 cr[n+ ! ornam5ts ( ! edifice4 ,! l5g? ( ! *ur*1 includ+ ! portico1 is five hundr$ & t5 feet2 ! bread?1 two hundr$ & eighty-two2 ! hight to ! top ( ! cross1 f\r hundr$ & f\r2 ! ext]ior diamet] ( ! dome1 "o hundr$ & =ty-five2 & ! entire circumf]5ce ( ! build+1 tw5ty-two hundr$ & n9ety-two feet4 ,a dw>f /one wall1 support+ a balu/rade ( ca/ iron1 surr\nds ! *ur*1 & sep>ates a l>ge area1 :i* is prop]ly ! *ur*-y>d1 f a spaci\s c>riage & foot-way on ! s\? side1 & a foot pavem5t on ! nor?4 ,! dim5sions ( ?is ca!dral are great2 b ! gr&eur ( ! design1 & ! beauty & elegance ( its proportions1 m ju/ly rank x among ! noble/ edifices ( ! mod]n _w4 ,x is adorn$ ) ?ree porticos2 "o at ! pr9cipal entrance1 fac+ ! we/1 & runn+ p>allel ) ! op5+ ( ,ludgate /reet & ! o!r two fac+ ! nor? & s\?1 at ! extremities ( ! cross aisle1 & correspond+ 9 _! ar*itecture4 ,! we/]n portico comb9es z mu* grace & magnific5ce z any specim5 ( ! k9d 9 ! _w4 ,x consi/s ( twelve l(ty ,cor9?ian columns bel[1 & eight composite above1 support+ a gr& p$im5t2 ! :ole re/+ on an elevat$ base1 ! asc5t to :i* is by a flight ( tw5ty-two squ>e /eps ( black m>ble1 runn+ ! entire l5g? ( ! portico4 ,! portico at ! nor!rn entrance consi/s ( a dome1 support$ by six ,cor9?ian columns1 ) an asc5t ( twelve circul> /eps1 ( black m>ble4 ,! s\!rn portico is simil>1 except t ! asc5t consi/s ( tw5ty-five /eps1 ! gr\nd on t side be+ l[]4 ,! great dome is ornam5t$ ) ?irty-two columns bel[1 & a range ( pila/]s above4 ,at ! ea/]n extremity ( ! *ur* is a circul> projection1 =m+ a recess )9 = ! communion table4 ,! walls are wr\ght 9 ru/ic1 & /r5g!n$ & ornam5t$ by two r[s ( c\pl$ pila/]s1 "o above ! o!r1 ! l[] be+ ,cor9?ian1 & ! o!r composite4 ,! nor!rn & s\!rn sides h an air ( uncommon elegance4 ,! corn]s ( ! we/]n front are cr[n$ ) turrets ( an airy & light =m4 ,to relieve ! heavy /yle ( ! int]ior1 /atues & monum5ts h be5 erect$ to ! memory ( great m54 ,! /atues are pla9 full-l5g? figures1 /&+ on m>ble p$e/als1 ) appropriate inscriptions1 9 honor ( su* m5 z ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson1 ,h[>d ! philan?ropi/1 ,sir ,william ,jones1 c41 c4 ,sev]al ( ! monum5ts w\ld disgrace ! mo/ b>b>\s age1 & ought to be remov$4 ,! tomb ( ! great ,nelson is b5ea? ! pavem5t imm$iately "u ! dome4 ,! two turrets on ! "r & left ( ! we/ front are ea* two hundr$ & eight feet 9 hight4 ,9 ! "o on ! s\!rn side is ! great clock1 ! bell ( :i*1 weigh+ elev5 ?\s&1 f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-f\r p\nds1 & be+ t5 feet 9 diamet]1 may be he>d 9 ! mo/ di/ant "p ( ,london1 :5 ! w9d bl[s t[>d t qu>t]4 ,! entire pavem5t1 up to ! alt>1 is ( m>ble1 *iefly consi/+ ( squ>e slabs1 alt]nately black & :ite1 & is v ju/ly admir$4 ,! floor r\nd ! communion table is ( ! same k9d ( m>ble1 m+l$ ) porphyry4 ,! communion table has no o!r beauty2 =1 ?\gh x is ornam5t$ ) f\r flut$ pila/]s1 :i* are v noble 9 _! =m1 !y are m]ely pa9t$ & ve9$ ) gold1 9 imitation ( lapis lazuli4 ,eight ,cor9?ian columns ( blue & :ite m>ble1 ( exquisite beauty1 support ! organ gall]y4 ,! /alls 9 ! *oir are beautifully c>v$1 & ! o!r ornam5ts are ( equal workman%ip4 ,?is ca!dral 0 built at ! national exp5se1 & co/ ov] ?irty-five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,! iron balu/rade on ! wall surr\nd+ ! space t is prop]ly ! *ur*-y>d1 includ+ its sev5 iron gates1 weighs two hundr$ tuns1 & co/ ov] fifty ?\s& doll>s4 ,?is imm5se edifice 0 re>$ 9 ?irty-five ye>s1 ! fir/ /one be+ laid on ! tw5ty-fir/ ( ,june1 #afge1 & ! build+ complet$ 9 #agaj1 exclusive ( "s ( ! decorations1 :i* 7 n f9i%$ till #agbc4 ,! highe/ /one ( ! lant]n 0 laid on by ,mr4 ,*ri/oph] ,wr51 son ( ! ar*itect1 9 #agaj4 ,x 0 built by "o ar*itect1 ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr52 by "o mason1 ,mr4 ,/rong2 & :ile "o prelate1 ,dr4 ,h5ry ,compton1 fill$ ! see ( ,london4 ,! dim5sions ( ,/4 ,paul's1 f ea/ to we/1 )9 ! walls1 are five hundr$ & t5 feet2 f nor? to s\?1 )9 ! doors ( ! porticos1 two hundr$ & eighty-two2 ! bread? ( ! we/ entrance1 "o hundr$2 its circuit1 tw5ty-two hundr$ & n9ety-two2 its hight )91 f ! c5t] ( ! floor to ! cross1 ?ree hundr$ & =ty feet4 ,! circumf]5ce ( ! dome is f\r hundr$ & ?irty feet2 ! diamet] ( ! ball1 six2 f ! ball to ! top ( ! cross1 ?irty2 & ! diamet] ( ! columns ( ! porticos1 f\r feet4 ,! hight to ! top ( ! we/ p$im5t1 "u ! figure ( ,/4 ,paul1 is "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet2 & t ( ! t[] ( ! we/ front1 two hundr$ & eighty-sev54 ,f ! bottom ( ! :isp]+-gall]y are two hundr$ & eighty /eps2 includ+ ^? to ! gold5 gall]y1 five hundr$ & ?irty-f\r1 & to ! ball1 9 all1 six hundr$ & sixte5 /eps4 ,! weight ( ! ball is fifty-six hundr$ p\nds4 ,! weight ( ! cross is ?irty-?ree hundr$ & sixty4 ,! ext5t ( ! gr\nd :]eon ?is ca!dral /&s1 is two acres & sixte5 p]*es4 ,! l5g? ( ! h\r figures1 two feet & two & a half in*es2 ! circumf]5ce ( ! dial is fifty-sev5 feet4 ,! :isp]+-gall]y is a v great curiosity4 ,x is "o hundr$ & =ty y>ds 9 circumf]5ce4 ,a /one seat runs r\nd ! gall]y along ! foot ( ! wall4 ,on ! side directly opposite ! door by :i* ! visitor ent]s1 sev]al y>ds ( ! seat are cov]$ ) matt+1 on :i* ! visitor be+ seat$1 ! man :o %[s ! gall]y1 :isp]s1 ) ! m\? close to ! wall1 ne> ! door1 at ! di/ance ( "o hundr$ & =ty feet f ! visitor1 :o he>s 8 words 9 a l\d voice1 seem+ly at 8 e>4 ,! m]e %utt+ ( ! door produces a s\nd to ^? on ! opposite seat l viol5t claps ( ?und]4 ,! effect is n s p]fect if ! visitor sits d[n half-way betwe5 ! door & ! matt$ seat1 & /ill less s if he /&s ne> ! man :o speaks1 b on ! o!r side ( ! door4 ,! m>ble pavem5t ( ! *ur* is extremely beautiful1 se5 f ?is gall]y4 ,! pa9t+s on ! inn] side ( ! dome1 by ,sir ,james ,?ornhill1 are view$ ) mo/ advantage "h4 ,! asc5t to ! ball is att5d$ ) "s difficulty1 & is enc\nt]$ by few1 yet bo? ! ball & passage to x well des]ve ! labor4 ,! diamet] ( ! int]ior ( ! ball is ne>ly six feet1 & twelve p]sons may sit )9 x4 ,! prospect f e "p ( ! asc5t to ! top ( ,/4 ,paul's1 :]ev] an op5+ pres5ts itself1 is extremely curi\s4 ,! effect is mo/ complete f ! gall]y surr\nd+ ! foot ( ! lant]n4 ,! metropolis1 f t spot1 has a mimic appe>ance1 l ! objects 9 a fantocc9o4 ,! /reets1 ! pavem5ts1 ! c>riages1 & foot-pass5g]s1 h ! appe>ance ( fairy gr\nd & fairy objects4 ,! spectator1 contemplat+ ! bu/le ( ! dim9utive ?rong bel[1 is mov$ a little out ( ! sph]e ( 8 usual sympa?y ) !m2 &1 z if !y 7 emmets1 asks himself involunt>ily1 8,ab\t :at are ^? little1 inconsequ5tial animals engag$80 ,! =m ( ! metropolis1 & ! adjac5t c\ntry1 is mo/ p]fectly se5 f ! gall]y at ! foot ( ! lant]n1 on a bright summ] day4 ,! asc5t to ?is gall]y is by five hundr$ & ?irty-f\r /eps1 ( :i* two hundr$ & sixty1 ne>e/ ! bottom1 are extremely easy2 ^? above difficult1 & 9 "s p>ts d>k & unpleasant4 ,9 ! asc5t to ?is gall]y may be se5 ! brick cone t supports ! lant]n1 ) its ball & cross2 ! out] dome be+ turn$ on ! outside ( ! cone1 & ! inn] dome turn$ on ! inside4 ,! entire contrivance to produce ! effect )9 ! *ur* & on ! outside1 int5d$ by ! ar*itect1 is extremely f9e1 ev5 m>vel\s4 ,f ! pavem5t ( ! *ur*1 ! int]ior appe>s "o un9t]rupt$ dome to ! upp] extremity2 b x consi/s1 9 fact1 ( two p>ts1 ! l[] & pr9cipal dome hav+ a l>ge circul> ap]ture at its top1 ?r\gh :i* is se5 a small dome1 :i* appe>s to be "p ( ! great & l[] dome1 al?\gh entirely sep>at$ f x1 be+ turn$ also )9 ! cone1 ?\gh consid]ably above x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fir/ ,,*ur* ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,*ur* ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,be=e pass+ to speak ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 :i* next to ,/4 ,paul's is ! great ecclesia/ical edifice ( ,london1 x may be int]e/+ to g back to ! e>lie/ *ur*-build+ 9 ,brita91 & notice ! k9d ( edifices 9 :i* our remote ance/ors assembl$ = div9e wor%ip4 ,"o ( ^! build+s is repres5t$ 9 ! cut bel[2 z to :i* only a few words ( explanation w be ne$$4 ,ab\t ! close ( ! six? c5tury1 x is said1 ! pope s5t ,au/91 ) "s =ty mission>ies1 to conv]t ,brita9 to pop]y4 ,_m ( ! anci5t ,britons1 h[ev]1 %ut !mselves up 9 ! fa/nesses ( ,wales1 & refus$ to be ei!r p]suad$ or driv5 to embrace ! new fai? :i* he proclaim$4 ,/ill ,au/9 w5t on ) 8 "w1 & ! m effici5tly to fulfill x1 erect$ rude edifices1 9 :i* to ga!r ! p1 to tea* !m1 & tra9 !m to ! =ms ( wor%ip4 ,! fir/ build+ erect$ "u 8 auspices1 0 at ,gla/onbury1 9 ! c\nty ( ,som]set4 ,! view giv5 ( x above is f ,somme's 8,britannia ,antiqua ,illu/rata20 & ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ab\t ! build+ itself are tak5 ma9ly f ! 8,*ronicles ( ,william ( ,malmesbury40 ,its l5g? 0 sixty feet1 & its bread? tw5ty-six4 ,its walls 7 made ( twigs w9d$ & twi/$ toge!r1 8aft] ! anci5t cu/om t k+s' palaces 7 us$ to be built40 8,nay1 ca/les !mselves 9 ^? daies 7 =m$ ( ! same mat]ials1 & weav$ toge!r40 ,its ro( 0 ( /raw1 8or1 aft] ! nature ( ! soil 9 t place1 ( hay or ru%es40 ,! top ( ! door rea*$ to ! ro(2 x _h ?ree w9d[s on ! s\? side1 & "o on ! ea/1 ov] ! alt>1 or communion-table4 ,su* 0 ! rude & humble build+ 9 :i* ,au/9 fir/ prea*$ to ^? t he 0 able to ga!r to he> ! gospel f 8 lips4 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey4 ,?is int]e/+ edifice d]ives its "n ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey f its situation 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! metropolis1 & its orig9al de/9ation z ! *ur* ( a mona/]y4 ,! pres5t *ur* 0 built by ,h5ry ,,iii4 & 8 successors1 ) ! exception ( ! two t[]s at ! we/]n entrance1 :i* are ! "w ( ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr54 ,! l5g? ( ! *ur* is ?ree hundr$ & sixty feet2 ! bread? ( ! nave sev5ty-two feet2 & ! cross aisle "o hundr$ & n9ety-five feet4 ,! ro( ( ! nave & ( ! cross aisle is support$ by two r[s ( ar*es1 "o above ! o!r1 ea* ( ! pill>s ( :i* is a union ( "o pond]\s r\nd pill>1 & f\r ( simil> =m1 b extremely sl5d]4 ,^! aisles be+ extremely l(ty1 & "o ( ! small pill>s cont9u$1 ?r\gh\t1 f ! base to ! ro(1 produce an effect uncommonly gr& & impressive4 ,! *oir is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful 9 ,europe4 ,x is divid$ f ! we/]n "p ( ! great aisle by a pair ( noble iron gates1 & is t]m9at$ at ! ea/ by an elegant alt> ( :ite m>ble4 ,! alt> is inclos$ ) a v f9e balu/rade1 & 9 ! c5t] ( its floor is a l>ge squ>e ( curi\s mosaic "w1 ( porphyry1 & o!r /ones ( v>i\s colors4 ,9 ?is *oir1 ne> ! alt>1 is p]=m$ ! c]emony ( cr[n+ ! k+s & que5s ( ,engl&4 ,at ! s\!rn extremity ( ! cross aisle are erect$ monum5ts to ! memory ( sev]al ( ! mo/ em95t poets4 ,?is int]e/+ spot is call$ ! poet's corn]2 & nev] c\ld place be nam$ ) m propriety2 = "h are to be f\nd ! names ( ,*auc]1 ,sp5s]1 ,%akspe>e1 ,b5 ,jonson1 ,milton1 ,dryd51 ,butl]1 ,?omson1 ,gay1 ,goldsmi?1 ,addison1 ,johnson1 c4 ,"h also1 z if ?is spot 0 d$icat$ to all g5ius ( ! highe/ rank1 are ! tombs ( ,h&el1 ,*amb]s1 & ,g>rick4 ,! curiosities ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey consi/ *iefly ( its highly int]e/+ *apels1 at ! ea/]n end ( ! *ur*1 ) _! tombs4 ,imm$iately beh9d ! alt> /&s a *apel d$icat$ to ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 ^u an elevat$ floor1 to :i* !re is a flight ( /eps on ! nor!rn side4 ,! %r9e ( ! ,confessor1 :i* /&s 9 ! c5t]1 0 erect$ by ,h5ry ,,iii41 & 0 curi\sly ornam5t$ ) mosaic "w ( color$ /ones1 :i* h be5 pick$ away 9 e "p )9 rea*4 ,)9 ! %r9e is a *e/1 conta9+ ! a%es ( ! ,confessor4 ,! frieze repres5t+ 8 hi/ory f 8 bir? to 8 dea?1 put up 9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,iii41 is highly curi\s1 & des]ves ! /udy & att5tion ( e lov] ( antiquity4 ,! tomb ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 is 9 ?is *apel3 x has be5 extremely spl5did1 b is n[ mutilat$4 ,! table on :i* lies ! k+'s effigy 9 brass1 is support$ by f\r twi/$ pill>s1 enamel$ ) gilt4 ,?is tomb1 :i* is a f9e specim5 ( its k9d1 is almo/ entire on ! side next ! area4 ,x likewise conta9s ! tombs ( ,edw>d ,i4 & 8 que51 ,eleanor2 ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 & ,que5 ,philippa2 ( ,ri*>d ,,ii4 & 8 que52 ( ,m>g>et1 daught] ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv42 ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,v42 & ( ,elizabe?1 daught] ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vii4 ,! gr& monum5t ( ,h5ry ,v4 is inclos$ by an iron gate4 ,! great ar* ov] ! tomb is full ( ribs & panels1 & ! headless figure ( ,h5ry /ill rema9s3 ! head 0 ( solid silv]1 & 0 /ol5 dur+ ! civil w>s4 ,!re 0 a *antry directly ov] ! tomb1 :i* _h an alt>piece ( f9e c>v$ "w4 ,! armor ( ,h5ry once hung r\nd ?is *antry2 8 helmet yet rema9s on ! b>1 & ! v saddle :i* he rode at ! battle ( ,ag9c\rt1 /ripp$ ( ev]y?+ :i* compos$ x1 except ! wood & iron1 hangs on ! "r4 ,contigu\s to ! ea/]n extremity ( ! *ur*1 & op5+ into x1 /&s ! fam\s *apel ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 d$icat$ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 "o ( ! f9e/ & mo/ highly f9i%$ pieces ( ,go?ic ar*itecture 9 ! _w4 ,on its site =m]ly /ood a *apel1 d$icat$ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & also a tav]n1 di/+ui%$ by ! sign ( ! ,:ite ,rose4 ,h5ry1 resolv+ to erect a sup]b mausoleum = himself & 8 family1 pull$ d[n ! old *apel & tav]n2 & on ! elev5? ( ,febru>y1 #aejc1 ! fir/ /one ( ! pres5t edifice 0 laid by ,abbot ,islip1 at ! comm& ( ! k+4 ,x co/ sev5ty ?\s& doll>s1 a prodigi\s sum = t p]iod1 7equal to f\rte5 hundr$ ?\s& doll>s ( our money27 & /ill m s1 consid]+ ! p>simoni\s temp] ( ! k+4 ,! labor m]ely ( work+ ! mat]ials w1 at a glance1 be se5 to be imm5se1 & almo/ incr$ible2 & ! g5ius employ$ bo? 9 ?is /ructure & ,h5ry's tomb1 mu/ be m5tion$ ) admiration4 ,! ext]ior ( ?is *apel is rem>kable = ! ri*ness & v>iety ( its =m1 occasion$ *iefly by f\rte5 t[]s1 9 an elegant proportion to ! body ( ! edifice1 & project+ 9 diff]5t angles f ! out]mo/ wall4 ,x has ( late ye>s be5 repair$ & r5ew$ ) exquisite ta/e1 & at great co/4 ,! inside is approa*$ by ! area beh9d ! *apels ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor & ,h5ry ,v4 ,! floor is elevat$ above t ( ! area1 & ! asc5t is by a flight ( m>ble /eps4 ,! entrance is ornam5t$ ) a beautiful ,go?ic portico ( /one1 )9 :i* are ?ree l>ge gates ( gilt brass1 ( mo/ curi\s op5 workman%ip1 e panel be+ adorn$ ) a rose & a portcullis alt]nately4 ,! *apel consi/s ( ! nave & two small aisles4 ,! c5t] is n9ety-n9e feet 9 l5g?1 sixty-six 9 bread?1 & fifty-f\r 9 hight1 & t]m9ates at ! ea/ 9 a curve1 hav+ five deep recesses ( ! same =m4 ,! entrance to ^! recesses be+ by op5 ar*es1 !y add greatly to ! relief & beauty ( ! build+4 ,x is probable t !y 7 orig9ally s _m small] *apels1 de/9$ to v>i\s uses4 ,! side aisles are 9 a j proportion to ! c5t]1 ) :i* !y communicate by f\r ar*es1 turn$ on ,go?ic pill>s4 ,ea* ( !m is reliev$ by f\r recesses1 a w9d[ runn+ ! :ole hight ( ea* recess1 & be+ mo/ m9ute & curi\s 9 its divisions4 ,! upp] "p ( ! nave has its f\r w9d[s on ea* side1 & t5 at ! ea/]n extremity1 five above & five bel[4 ,! entire ro( ( ! *apel1 includ+ ! side aisles1 & ! curve at ! end1 is ( wr\ght /one1 9 ! ,go?ic /yle1 & ( mo/ exquisite beauty4 ,an alt> tomb1 erect$ by ,h5ry1 at ! co/ ( fifty ?\s& doll>s1 to receive 8 la/ rema9s1 /&s 9 ! c5t] ( ! *apel4 ,x is ( basaltic /one1 ornam5t$ ) gilt brass1 & is surr\nd$ ) a magnific5t rail+ ( ! same4 ,?is monum5t is by ,pietro ,torregiano1 a ,flor5t9e sculptor1 & possesses uncommon m]it4 ,six devices 9 bass-relief1 & f\r /atues1 all ( gilt brass1 adorn ! tomb4 ,x is impossible to conceive ,go?ic beauty ( a high] degree ?an ! :ole ( ! int]ior ( ,h5ry ! ,sev5?'s *apel2 & x is ) regret t ! antiqu>y sees ! /alls ( ! knights re>$ aga9/ ! pill>s & ar*es ( ! nave1 =m+ scre5s t sep>ate ! small] aisles f ! body ( ! *apel1 & dim9i% ! air9ess1 & int]rupt ! h>mony ( ! plan4 ,s9ce its re/oration 9 #ahbj1 ?is *apel has =m$ "o ( ! mo/ beautiful adjuncts ( ! abbey1 af=d+ "o ( ! mo/ beautiful specim5s ( its peculi> /yle4 ,! prospect f ! top ( "o ( ! we/]n t[]s1 ! asc5t to :i* consi/s ( two hundr$ & eighty-?ree /eps1 is inf9itely m beautiful1 ?\gh less ext5sive1 ?an t f ,/4 ,paul's4 ,! _m f9e situations & op5 sites at ! we/ end ( ! t[n1 & its environs1 occasion ! diff]5ce4 ,! banquet+-h\se at ,:itehall1 ,/4 ,james's p>k1 ) ! p>ade & ,horse-gu>ds1 ,c>lton h\se1 ! g>d5s ( ! que5's palace1 ! ,gre5 p>k1 ! we/]n end ( ,piccadilly1 & ,hyde p>k1 ) its riv]1 lie at once "u ! eye1 & compose a mo/ gr& & delightful sc5e4 ,! bridges ( ,we/m9/]1 ,wat]loo1 & ,blackfri>s1 ) ! broad expanse ( wat] betwe5 !m1 ! ,adelphi & ,som]set h\se on its banks1 ,/4 ,paul's /up5d\s pile1 & ! light ,go?ic /eeple ( ,/4 ,dun/an's 9 ! ,ea/1 are alike embrac$ ) "o glance1 & happily contra/ ) ! =m] prospect4 ,f ?is t[]1 ! ext]ior =m ( ,/4 ,paul's1 :5 ! sun falls ^u x1 is di/9ctly se53 & "h its exquisite beauty w be m fully compreh5d$ ?an 9 any "p ( ! city1 = a suffici5t area to take 9 ! entire outl9e is n !re to be f\nd4 ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,notre ,,dame4 ,pass+ f ,engl& to ! cont95t1 "o ( ! fir/ *ur* edifices t attracts att5tion1 bo? z to its antiquity & gr&eur1 is ! ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame1 9 ,p>is4 ,?is va/ erection ( _w-wide fame1 /&s on an isl& 9 ! ,se9e1 :]e 0 ! c5t] ( ! old city ( ! ,p>isii 9 ! days ( ,julius ,cs>4 ,x is a cruci=m /ructure1 f\r hundr$ & =ty-two feet long1 "o hundr$ & sixty-two wide1 & m ?an "o hundr$ feet high to ! vault+ ( ! ro(1 hav+ all ! *>act]i/ics ( a va/ anci5t ,go?ic ca!dral4 ,x 0 begun 9 ! ye> #ajaj1 & 0 ne>ly f\r hundr$ ye>s 9 build+1 n be+ f9i%$ till #adjg4 ,at ! we/ end are two l(ty t[]s1 ea* two hundr$ & ?irty-five feet high1 design$ z bases = /eeples1 :i* z yet h nev] be5 add$4 ,! inside ( ! *ur* has a v spl5did & impos+ appe>ance1 ow+ to its num]\s aisles & *apels2 & ! we/ front1 ) its ?ree l>ge gates1 & circul> w9d[1 & noble gateway1 is wor?y ( ! highe/ admiration4 ,9 its impos+ appe>ance1 no *ur* 9 ,p>is w comp>e ) x4 ,,/rasburg ,,ca!dral4 ,b by f> ! mo/ magnific5t *ur* edifice 9 all ,france1 is ! ca!dral ( ,/rasburg1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut1 & :i* is fam\s all ov] ! _w4 ,till ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 ,/rasburg 0 a free imp]ial city2 b he seiz$1 & ! ,fr5* h = "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s held x1 z a fronti] =tress1 & ! key to ,g]many4 ,9 ! city !re are _m objects ( int]e/1 "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s ( :i* is a colossal bronze /atue ( ,john ,gutt5b]g1 :o "h fir/ practic$ ! art ( pr9t+2 ano!r is a colossal bronze monum5t1 9 honor ( ,g5]al ,kleb]2 & /ill ano!r is a beautiful monum5t to ! memory ( ,m>%al ,saxe4 ,b ! wond] ( ! city is ! ca!dral1 ! spire ( :i* rises f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-f\r feet above ! pavem5t1 :i* is ne>ly z high z ! great pyramid ( ,egypt1 & "o hundr$ & =ty feet high] ?an ,/4 ,paul's4 ,/ill1 ow+ to ! l>ge dim5sions ( ! build+1 & ! light & graceful /ructure ( ! spire1 x does n impress ! obs]v] z be+ ( ?is extraord9>y altitude4 ,! nave ( ! *ur* is two hundr$ & ?irty feet high1 & ! r\nd w9d[ at ! end is =ty-eight feet 9 diamet]4 ,?is wond]ful /ructure 0 begun ne>ly eight hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,! mat]ial is r$ s&/one1 obta9$ 9 ! vic9ity1 :i* has prov$ v endur+2 ! *ur* has !re=e suff]$ v little f "t1 & ! *isel$ & c>v$ mat]ial1 aft] s _m c5turies ( exposure to ! wea!r1 reta9s ! %>pness ( outl9e :i* x _h :5 fir/ f9i%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/rasburg ,,ca!dral4 ,! arti/ :o design$ ?is admirable ma/]piece ( airy op5-"w1 0 ,erw91 ( ,/e9ba*3 8 plans are /ill pres]v$ 9 ! t[n4 ,he di$ 9 #acah1 :5 ! "w 0 only half f9i%$3 x 0 cont9u$ by 8 son1 & aft]w>d by 8 daught] ,sab9a4 ,! t[]1 begun #abgg1 0 n complet$ till #adci1 long aft] _! dea?s1 & f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r ye>s aft] ! *ur* 0 comm5c$4 ,x 0 !n f9i%$ by ,john ,hltz1 ( ,cologne1 :o 0 summon$ to ,/rasburg = ?is end4 ,_h ! orig9al design be5 c>ri$ into execution1 bo? ! t[]s w\ld h be5 rais$ to ! same hight4 ,a doorway1 9 ! s\? side ( ! truncat$ t[]1 leads to ! summit ( ! spire4 ,on ! plat=m1 ab\t two-?irds ( ! way up1 is a telegraph1 & a /ation = ! wat*m51 :o are set to look out = fires4 ,"o ( !m w accompany ^? :o wi% to m\nt ! upp] spire1 & w unlock ! iron gate :i* closes ! passage4 ,!re is no difficulty or dang] 9 ! asc5t1 to a p]son ( ord9>y n]ve or /ead9ess ( head2 b ! /one-"w ( ! /eeple is s completely op51 & ! pill>s :i* support x are s wide ap>t1 & cut s ?91 t !y m ne>ly resemble a collection ( b>s ( iron or wood2 s t at su* a hight "o might almo/ fancy "o's self 9 a cage1 high up1 ov] ! city1 r ?an 9 ! /eeple ( a *ur* t has /ood firm = ages4 ,! ca!dral1 z already said1 0 int5d$ to h two t[]s1 l ^? ( ! ca!drals ( ,york & ,we/m9/]1 9 ,engl&2 b z ! exp5se is enorm\s1 x is probable t ! exi/+ t[] w rema9 solit>y4 ,?is defici5cy gives ! build+ a disfigur$ appe>ance1 especially z ! unf9i%$ t[]1 :i* is squ>e1 rises b half-way4 ,ext]nally1 ,/rasburg ca!dral is di/+ui%$ by a light & airy gracefulness1 bo? ( /ructure & mat]ial2 ! s&/one is cut & c>v$ into a ?\s& =ms1 "s ( !m1 especially 9 ! f9i%$ t[]1 extremely delicate & beautiful4 ,ev5 ! /atues & images1 :i* are v num]\s1 are *isel$ out ( s&/one1 :i* has an agreeable color ( r$di% gray4 ,!re is n an image ( m>ble ^u ! :ole build+4 ,! numb] ( images t clu/] ar\nd ! portal & adh]e to its walls is v great3 !y =m a ho/ ( little be+s1 9 addition to ! /atues ( full size4 ,inde$1 ! pr(usion ( ^! decorations appe>s to be extravagant bo? 9 po9t ( ta/e & economy1 & "s are q out ( place4 ,9 a temple1 a build+ devot$ to religion1 x is n easy to und]/& ! propriety ( m\nt+ m5 on horseback high up 9 ! t[]s2 = su* a]ial eque/rians are to be se5 "h1 s5t9el-l1 9 positions :]e sa9ts & angels w\ld seem m appropriate ornam5ts4 ,9 ! int]ior ( ?is ca!dral !re is a simple dignity & gr&eur1 a holy maje/y t is almo/ ov]p[]+4 ,! magnific5t r[s ( columns ( gigantic dim5sions & altitude1 se5 9 long p]spective1 exce$ 9 effect all we c well imag9e4 ,! extreme ri*ness ( ! w9d[s1 fill$ on bo? sides ) /a9$ glass1 commemorat+1 bo? hi/orically & allegorically1 ! ev5ts ( ! ,bible1 & ! *>act]s & cata/rophes ( sa9ts & m>tyrs1 fills bo? ! eye & ! m9d ) delight2 & :5 we turn f gaz+ to ! "r & ! left along ! ext5d$ l9e ( lat]al w9d[s1 & look ^u ! va/ circle ( gorge\s light :i* /reams d[n f ! great picture lum9>y at ! end1 7a circul> w9d[ =ty-eight feet 9 diamet]1 & pres5t+1 9 radiat+ l9es1 m ?an ! colors ( ! ra9b[17 we are ready to exclaim t ,art has n fall5 %ort ( ,nature 9 beauty1 :ile %e excels h] 9 ! p]man5cy ( h] hues1 :i* h n "h be5 dimm$ by ! lapse ( c5turies2 & if no viol5ce is committ$ on ?is temple1 !y w be equally brilliant aft] a ?\s& ye>s m %all h pass$ away4 ,!re is 9 ?is ca!dral a wond]ful clock1 :i* has be5 sub/itut$ = an old] "o t has be5 remov$4 ,! pres5t clock 0 con/ruct$ by a man :o is /ill liv+2 x appe>s to be ab\t fifty feet high1 & m ?an half t wid?2 x 0 mute = fifty ye>s1 b is n[ aga9 a liv+ *ronomet]4 ,among its _m p]=mances are ! foll[+4 ,x tells ! h\rs1 half-h\rs & qu>t]-h\rs1 & ! bells :i* make ! report ( ! flight ( "t1 are /ruck by automaton figures4 ,a y\? /rikes ! qu>t]1 a mature man ! half-h\r1 & an old man1 z ! figure ( ,"t1 ! full h\r4 ,?is clock tells also ! times & seasons ( ecclesia/ical ev5ts1 z f> z !y are associat$ ) a/ronomical ph5om5a1 & x gives ! phases ( ! moon & ! equation ( "t4 ,at noon1 a cock1 m\nt$ on a pill>1 cr[s ?rice1 :5 a procession ( ! apo/les comes out1 & passes 9 view ( ! ,savi\r3 among !m is ,pet]1 :o1 %r9k+ f ! eye ( 8 ,"l1 %[s1 by 8 emb>rass$ demeanor1 t he has he>d ! cr[+ ( ! cock1 & has fully und]/ood its mean+4 ,among ! movem5ts ( its automatons1 is t ( a beautiful y\?1 :o turns an h\r-glass e fifte5 m9utes4 ,!re is also a cele/ial orr]y1 t %[s ! motions ( ! heav5ly bodies ) great accuracy & beauty4 ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,cologne4 ,! ca!dral ( ,cologne is at once its ornam5t & its reproa*4 ,x 0 begun 9 #abdh by ! elector ,conrad1 m ?an six hundr$ ye>s ago1 b x is n yet f9i%$1 al?\gh ! pres5t ,prussian k+ is exp5d+ va/ sums ^u x4 ,s9ce ! city has pass$ "u ! ,prussian dom9ion1 & m especially s9ce ! accession ( ! pres5t k+1 important aid has be5 obta9$ f ! gov]nm5t4 ,! unf9i%$ t[]s are ris+ ye> by ye>2 & if ! annual supplies t h be5 grant$ are cont9u$1 ano!r fifte5 ye>s may possibly see x complet$4 ,! e/imat$ exp5se ( f9i%+ x is five million doll>s4 ,x is consid]$ z a v f9e specim5 ( ! ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,"o t[]1 t on ! front1 is complet$4 ,?is ca!dral is exce$+ly gorge\s 9 decorations1 comb9+ all ! features t belong to t species ( ar*itecture4 ,! *oir is f9i%$1 & exce$s 9 spl5did beauty almo/ ev]y?+ ( ! k9d :i* ! travel] w meet ) 9 ,europe4 ,x is v ri* 9 /a9$ glass1 & ?is is true also ( ! body ( ! *ur*4 ,mu* ( ! pictur$ glass is mod]n3 x is set 9 ! same w9d[ ) ! anci5t1 & is n inf]ior to x 9 spl5dor4 ,! ca!dral is pav$ ) rude1 common /ones1 d\btless int5d$ to be tempor>y only1 & to be 9 due "t replac$ by m>ble4 ,x 0 orig9ally int5d$ t ! t[]s ( ?is ca!dral %\ld be five hundr$ feet high4 ,! dim5sions on ! gr\nd are f\r hundr$ feet by "o hundr$ & eighty4 ,! nave is support$ by "o hundr$ columns1 ( :i* ! middle ones are =ty feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,m>k1 ,,at ,,v5ice4 ,?is spl5did old *ur* has well be5 describ$ z 8a /up5d\s pile ( ori5tal magnific5ce40 ,a ?\s& ye>s d n cov] ! :ole p]iod ( its exi/5ce4 ,x is adorn$ ) ! columns & gems ( ! ea/1 & no wond]1 = e ,v5etian capta9 ( a %ip & e travel] ( t nation 0 requir$ to br+ home some?+ to adorn ?is temple3 ,greece & ,con/ant9ople1 ,pale/9e & all ,europe1 h contribut$ to its embelli%m5t4 ,x is totally unlike almo/ e o!r temple4 ,x has r\nd ar*es & regul> domes1 & f e "p ( !m1 !re look d[n ^u y1 9 p]man5t mosaic ( gold & color$ /ones1 & ev5 preci\s gems1 colossal images ( ! ,savi\r1 ( ! virg9 "m1 ( apo/les & sa9ts1 & ( multi=m be+s ( religi\s allegory1 s num]\s & v>i\s1 & s fre%1 ri*1 & gorge\s1 t y are q bewild]$1 & involunt>ily drop y\r eyes to ! floor1 :]e y are almo/ equally dazzl$ by ! preci\s m>bles1 & jasp]s1 & s]p5t9es1 & v]d-antique1 & r$ porphyry1 dispos$ 9 endless v>iety ( mo/ beautiful patt]ns1 z if x _h be5 ! "w ( a magician arti/4 ,y read !re also ! in/ability ( human glory 9 ! worn & mutilat$ condition ( p>ts ( ! pavem5t1 & 9 ! wav+ holl[s & upw>d curves :i* prove t its f\ndations 7 laid 9 ! sea4 ,y aga9 lift y\r eyes1 & 9 ! p]man5t mosaics 7= no p]i%able frescoes or oil pa9t+s are "h7 y read 9 l>ge & di/9ct hi/orical figures ! e>ly ,bible hi/ory ( our race1 & ! annals ( ! patri>*al families4 ,ar\nd ! *ur*1 hang ri* lamps ( silv] & gold4 ,huge c&les & lights p]petually burn+1 symbolize ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,pass+ out ( ! *ur*1 preci\s columns are on y\r "r & on y\r left1 columns ( m>ble & porphyry br\ght f ,con/ant9ople1 & ,j]usalem1 & ,/4 ,jean d',acre4 ,lift+ y\r eyes aga9 to ! ro(1 y !re see domes1 & dome ^u dome2 m9>ets & c>v+s 9 arabesque1 & o!r ri* =ms ( ori5tal ar*itecture1 ) images & /atues innum]able1 /&+ z s5t9els on all ! cornices & angles1 & 9 ! ni*es4 ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,milan4 ,pass+ on to ! la/ ( ! *ur* edifices to be describ$1 we come to ! ca!dral ( ,milan4 ,a good picture is necess>y to give ev5 a fa9t impression ( ! ri*ness & h>moni\s proportions ( ?is wond]ful build+2 b x is possible1 f description1 to =m a correct conception ( its magnitude1 & ( its pr9cipal p>ts4 ,its l5g? is f\r hundr$ & eighty-five feet2 bread?1 two hundr$ & fifty-two2 bread? across ! transepts1 two hundr$ & eighty-sev5 feet2 hight ( ! nave1 "o hundr$ & fifty-?ree feet4 ,! hight f ! pavem5t to ! top ( ! cr[n ( ! ,madonna1 on ! summit ( ! spire1 is ?ree hundr$ & fifty-five feet4 ,?is ca!dral is "o ( ! mo/ /up5d\s piles ev] erect$2 b x is n yet f9i%$1 al?\gh x has be5 almo/ five hundr$ ye>s 9 build+4 ,sev]al duomos h be5 de/roy$ t once occupi$ ?is place4 ,! fir/ ca!dral 0 de/roy$ by ,attila 9 ! fif? c5tury2 ! second 0 burnt by accid5t 9 #ajge2 & ! ?ird 0 p>tially ru9$ by ,fr$]ic ,b>b>ossa4 ,a l(ty bell-t[]1 demoli%$ by him1 cru%$ ! duomo 9 its fall4 ,! fir/ /one ( ! pres5t ca!dral 0 laid 9 ,m>*1 #achf1 by ,g4 ,g4 ,visconti4 ,! int]ior pres5ts a wild]ness ( columns1 "s ( :i* are almo/ twelve feet 9 diamet] at ! base1 & m ?an eight 9 ! %aft4 ,fifty-two pill>s1 ( ! hight ( eighty feet1 support ! po9t$ ar*es on :i* ! ro( re/s4 ,! ext]ior %[s equally a wild]ness ( /atues & p9nacles4 ,ea* p9nacle1 if plac$ on ! gr\nd1 w\ld appe> a consid]able spire4 ,! /atues already 9 place numb] ?ree ?\s&1 & =ty-live hundr$ are necess>y to c>ry out ! plan4 ,ea* p9nacle or m9>et is cr[n$ by a /atue1 & !re are _m m 9 ! ni*es1 among ! p9nacles1 z well z 9 o!r situations4 ,9 ord] to become acqua9t$ ) !m1 y mu/ asc5d to ! ro(1 & !n y w see life & mean+ 9 !m all2 if se5 f bel[1 !y appe> inde$ z a multitude ( /atues 9 m>ble1 b )\t any obvi\s design4 ,:atev] ! moral may be1 x is exhibit$ at an imm5se exp5se ( treasure2 b1 9 ,italy1 x is a national passion1 :i* has come d[n to !m f ! ,romans1 to p _! ideal _w ) m>ble =ms1 commemorat+ ^? :o once liv$ on e>?1 or ! imag9>y be+s ( allegory & ( a fabul\s my?ology4 ,9 ?is ca!dral1 9 addition to /atues ( ! size ( life or beyond its dim5sions1 !re are _m ( inf]ior magnitude3 little pretty *]ubs & imag9ative be+s are se51 s+le or 9 clu/]s4 ,9 all p>ts ( ! build+1 !re are delicate & elaborately wr\ght c>v+s 9 m>ble1 & ev5 9 situations :]e !y c n be se5 except by a dilig5t explor]4 ,asc5d+ to ! ro( ( ! ca!dral1 & walk+ ov] x1 ! travel] w obs]ve t x is compos$ ( massive blocks ( m>ble accurately adju/$ to ea* o!r1 & al?\gh ! weight is imm5se1 no cracks are visible4 ,"o moves z freely ^u ! ro(1 & ) z mu* confid5ce z if a m\nta9 ( m>ble 7 b5ea? 8 feet2 & ! view f x is z glori\s z x c\ld be f a m\nta9 re>+ its l(ty head 9 place ( ?is /ructure re>$ by ! art ( man6 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,london4 ,! ,t[] ( ,london 0 anci5tly a palace occupi$ by ! v>i\s sov]eigns ( ,engl&1 till ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,x 0 begun by ,william ! ,conqu]or 9 #ajgc2 & additions 7 made to x by sev]al ( ! lat] mon>*s4 ,! ext5t )9 ! walls is ov] twelve acres2 & ! ext]ior circuit ( ! dit* t surr\nds x is ov] ?ree ?\s& feet4 ,a broad & h&some :>f1 or gravel t]race1 runs along ! banks ( ! riv] p>allel ) ! ,t[]1 f :i* x is sep>at$ by ! dit*4 ,)9 ! walls ( ! ,t[] are sev]al /reets2 & a v>iety ( build+s1 ! pr9cipal ( :i* are1 ! *ur*1 ! :ite t[]1 ! ordnance (fice1 ! record (fice1 ! jewel (fice1 ! horse armory1 ! gr& /oreh\se1 ! small armory1 ! h\ses belong+ to ! (fic]s ( ! t[]1 b>racks = ! g>rison1 c4 ,! :ite t[]1 :i* 0 ! orig9al build+1 is a l>ge squ>e /ructure1 situat$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! =tress4 ,on ! top are f\r wat*-t[]s1 "o ( :i*1 at pres5t1 is us$ z an obs]vatory4 ,x consi/s )9 ( ?ree l(ty /ories1 b5ea? :i* are l>ge1 commodi\s vaults4 ,9 ! fir/ /ory are two gr& rooms1 "o ( :i* is a small armory = ! sea-s]vice1 & conta9s v>i\s sorts ( arms1 curi\sly laid up1 :i* w\ld s]ve upw>d ( t5 ?\s& seam54 ,9 ! o!r rooms1 9 closets & presses1 are abundance ( w>like tools & in/rum5ts ( dea?4 ,9 ! upp] /ories1 are arms & armor]s' tools4 ,! models ( all newly inv5t$ eng9es ( de/ruction1 :i* h be5 pres5t$ to ! gov]nm5t1 are pres]v$ 9 ?is t[]4 ,on ! top is a l>ge ci/]n1 fill$ f ! ,?ames by a wat]-eng9e1 to supply ! g>rison ) wat]4 ,! gr& /oreh\se1 :i* /&s nor? ( ! :ite t[]1 is a pla9 build+ ( brick & /one1 ?ree hundr$ & =ty-five feet long & sixty feet broad4 ,! jewel (fice is a little to ! ea/ ( ! gr& /oreh\se4 ,x is a d>k & /rong /one room4 ,! horse armory is a brick build+ ea/w>d ( ! :ite t[]4 ,! record (fice is 9 ! ,wakefield t[]1 opposite ! plat=m4 ,! rolls f ! "t ( ,k+ ,john to ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ( ,ri*>d ,,iii41 are kept "h 9 fifty-six wa9scot presses4 ,!y conta9 ! anci5t t5ures ( l& 9 ,engl&1 ! orig9al laws & /atutes1 ! rights ( ,engl& to ! dom9ion ( ! ,briti% seas1 ! =ms ( submission ( ! ,scotti% k+s1 & a v>iety ( o!r records1 c4 ,! pr9cipal entrance to ! ,t[] is on ! we/4 ,x consi/s ( two gates on ! outside ( ! dit*2 a /one bridge built ov] ! dit*1 & a gate )9 ! dit*4 ,on ! "r h&1 at ! we/ entrance1 ! m5ag]ie 0 =m]ly kept2 b hav+ be5 sup]s$$ by t belong+ to ! ,zological ,society 9 ! ,reg5t's p>k1 x 0 brok5 up a few ye>s ago4 ,:at 0 call$ ! ,spani% armory1 conta9s ! trophies ( ! fam\s victory ( ,que5 ,elizabe? ov] ! ,spani% armada4 ,among ^! ! mo/ rem>kable are ! ?umb-screws1 int5d$ to be us$ to extort confession f ! ,engli% :]e _! money 0 hidd54 ,9 ! same room are o!r curiosities2 among :i* is ! ax ) :i* ! un=tunate ,anne ,boleyn 0 behead$1 to gratify ! caprici\s passions ( h] husb&1 ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,a repres5tation ( ,que5 ,elizabe? 9 armor1 /&+ by a cream-color$ horse1 att5d$ by a page1 is also %[n 9 ?is room4 ,h] maje/y is dress$ 9 ! armor %e wore at ! "t %e address$ h] army 9 ! camp ( ,tilbury1 #aehh1 ) a :ite silk petticoat1 ornam5t$ ) pe>ls & spangles4 ,! small armory is "o ( ! f9e/ rooms ( its k9d 9 ,europe4 ,x is ?ree hundr$ & =ty-five feet 9 l5g?1 & 9 g5]al x conta9s complete /&s ( arms = no less ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& m54 ,!y are dispos$ 9 a v>iety ( figures1 9 a v elegant mann]4 ,among !m is a piece ( ordnance f ,egypt1 sixte5 feet long1 & sev5 in*es & a half bore4 ,!re are sev]al o!r curiosities1 among :i* are arms tak5 at v>i\s p]iods f rebels2 ! ,highl& broad-sword des]ves p>ticul> notice4 ,9 _m respects ?is room may be consid]$ z "o ( ! wond]s ( ! mod]n _w4 ,! volunte] armory is 9 ! :ite t[]1 & conta9s arms1 pil$ 9 beautiful ord]1 = ?irty ?\s& m51 ) pikes1 swords1 c41 9 imm5se numb]s1 arrang$ 9 />s & o!r devices4 ,at ! entrance ( ?is room /&s a f9e figure ( ,*>les ,br&on1 ,duke ( ,suffolk 9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 9 bright armor1 & hav+ ! v lance he us$ 9 8 lifetime1 :i* is eighte5 feet long4 ,! sea armory is also 9 ?is t[]1 & conta9s arms = ne>ly fifty ?\s& sailors & m>9es4 ,9 ?is room are two elegant pieces ( brass cannon1 pres5t$ by ! city ( ,london to ! ,e>l ( ,leice/]1 & v>i\s simil> curiosities4 ,"p ( ! royal tra9 ( artill]y is kept on ! gr\nd-floor1 "u ! small armory4 ,! room is ?ree hundr$ & eighty feet long1 fifty feet wide1 & tw5ty-f\r 9 hight4 ,! artill]y is rang$ on ea* side1 a passage t5 feet 9 bread? be+ left 9 ! c5t]4 ,9 ?is room are tw5ty pill>s t support ! small armory above1 :i* are hung r\nd ) implem5ts ( w>1 & trophies tak5 f ! enemy4 ,!re are _m peculi>ly f9e pieces ( cannon to be se5 "h3 "o 7( brass7 is said to h co/ two hundr$ p\nds 9 ornam5t+4 ,x 0 made = ,pr9ce ,h5ry1 elde/ son ( ,james ,i4 ,o!rs are extremely curi\s = _! antiquity4 ,among !m is "o ( ! fir/ inv5t$ cannon4 ,x is =m$ ( b>s ( iron hamm]$ toge!r1 & b\nd ) iron hoops4 ,x has no c>riage1 b 0 mov$ by six r+s1 conv5i5tly plac$ = t purpose4 ,! horse armory is a noble room1 cr[d$ ) curiosities4 ,! armor ( ,john ( ,gaunt1 ,duke ( ,lanca/]1 & son ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 is sev5 feet 9 hight4 ,! sword & lance are ( a proportionable size4 ,a complete suit ( armor1 r\gh f ! hamm]1 made = ,h5ry ,,viii4 :5 eighte5 ye>s old1 is six feet high4 ,! k+s ( ,engl& on horseback1 are %[n 9 armor1 f ! ,conqu]or to ,george ,,ii4 ,! jewel (fice conta9s3 #a4 ,! imp]ial cr[n1 ) :i* ! k+s ( ,engl& are cr[n$4 ,x is ( gold1 enri*$ ) diamonds1 rubies1 em]alds1 sapphires & pe>ls2 )9 is a cap ( purple velvet1 l9$ ) :ite taffeta1 & turn$ up ) ?ree r[s ( erm9e4 ,?is is nev] us$ b at coronations1 & ( c\rse is n (t5 produc$4 #b4 ,! gold5 globe4 ,?is is put into ! k+'s "r-h& be=e he is cr[n$2 & :5 he is cr[n$1 he be>s x 9 8 left-h&1 hav+ ! scept] 9 8 "r4 #c4 ,! gold5 scept] & its cross1 ^u a l>ge ame?y/1 decorat$ ) table diamonds4 #d4 ,! anci5t scept]1 cov]$ ) jewels & ,go?ic enamel "w1 & surm\nt$ ) an onyx dove4 ,?is scept] is believ$ to be f> ! mo/ anci5t 9 ! collection1 & probably is a "p ( ! orig9al regalia4 ,x 0 f\nd by ! keep] 9 #ahad1 exactly at ! "t ( ! g5]al peace4 ,x is e/imat$ at a v high value4 #e4 ,/4 ,edw>d's /aff4 ,x is f\r feet sev5 in*es & a half long1 & ?ree in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s r\nd1 made ( beat5 gold4 ,x is borne be=e ! k+ 9 ! coronation procession4 #f4 ,! gold salt-cell> ( /ate4 ,9 make x is ! model ( ! squ>e :ite t[]1 & is ( excell5t workman%ip4 ,at ! coronation x is plac$ on ! k+'s table4 #g4 ,! sword ( m]cy4 ,x has no po9t4 #h4 ,a gr& silv] font1 us$ = *ri/5+s ( ! royal family4 #i4 ,! cr[n ( /ate1 :i* is worn by ! sov]eign at ! meet+ ( p>liam5t1 & o!r /ate occasions4 ,x is ( extreme spl5dor & value1 be+ cov]$ ) l>ge-siz$ preci\s /ones1 & on ! top ( its cross is a pe>l :i* ,*>les ,i4 pl$g$ to ! ,dut* republic = eighte5 ?\s& p\nds4 ,"u ! cross is an em]ald diamond ( a pale gre5 color1 sev5 in*es & a half 9 circumf]5ce1 & valu$ at "o hundr$ ?\s& p\nds2 & 9 ! front is a rock ruby1 unpoli%$1 9 its purely natural /ate1 ?ree in*es long1 & ! value ( :i* c n be e/imat$4 #aj4 ,! gold5 eagle1 ) :i* ! k+ is ano9t$1 & ! gold5 spur4 #aa4 ,! diadem1 worn by ! ,que5s ,anne & ,m>y4 #ab4 ,! cr[n ( ,que5 ,m>y1 ! cross ( ,k+ ,william1 & _m o!r valuable jewels4 ,9 ?is (fice are all ! cr[n jewels worn by ! pr9ces & pr9cesses at coronations1 & abundance ( curi\s old plate4 ,indep5d5tly ( sev]al ( ! jewels :i* are ine/imable1 ! value ( ! preci\s /ones & plate conta9$ 9 ?is (fice1 is n less ?an two millions /]l+4 ,! *apel1 situat$ at ! nor? end ( ! p>ade1 is n o!rwise attractive1 ?an z x conta9s a few anci5t tombs & monum5ts4 ,,! ,,bank ,,( ,,engl&4 ,! build+ ?us entitl$ is an imm5se & v ext5sive /one edifice1 situat$ a little to ! nor?-we/ ( ,cornhill4 ,until #ahbe1 ?is edifice exhibit$ a great v>iety ( incongru\s /yles ( ar*itecture2 b endeavors h s9ce be5 made1 & ) success1 to produce m uni=mity ( appe>ance4 ,on ! ea/ side ( ! pr9cipal entrance1 is a passage lead+ to a spaci\s ap>tm5t call$ ! rotunda1 fifty-sev5 feet 9 diamet]1 9 :i* bus9ess 9 ! public funds is transact$2 &1 bran*+ out ( ?is ap>tm5t1 are v>i\s (fices appropriat$ to ! managem5t ( ea* p>ticul> /ock4 ,9 ea* ( ^!1 "u ! sev]al lett]s ( ! alphabet1 are array$ ! books 9 :i* ! am\nt ( e individual's int]e/ 9 su* a fund is regi/]$4 ,! bank ( ,engl& cov]s an ext5t ( m ?an eight acres1 & is completely insulat$4 ,its %ape is t ( an irregul> p>allelogram1 ! longe/ side ( :i* measures f\r hundr$ & =ty feet4 ,its ext]ior is n unsuitable to ! nature ( ! e/abli%m5t1 convey+ ! idea ( great /r5g? & security4 ,9 ! int]ior1 a v>iety ( alt]ations & improvem5ts h be5 made to accommodate ! va/ increase ( bus9ess & ( ! pap] money & disc\nt+ sy/ems4 ,?is has requir$ consid]able enl>gem5ts ( ! (fices 9 e dep>tm5t1 & has l$1 9 ! space ( ?irty or =ty ye>s1 to ! increase ( ! cl]ks f two hundr$ to ab\t elev5 hundr$4 ,! capital1 or /ock1 also1 ( ?is gr& national e/abli%m5t1 has be5 consid]ably & progressively augm5t$1 until1 f twelve hundr$ ?\s& p\nds1 x has ris5 to elev5 million1 six hundr$ & =ty-sev5 ?\s&1 sev5 hundr$ & fifty p\nds1 or ne>ly sixty million doll>s4 ,! direction is ve/$ 9 a gov]nor1 deputy-gov]nor1 & tw5ty-f\r directors1 all elect$ annually2 & ?irte5 ( ! directors1 ) ! gov]nor1 =m a c\rt = ! managem5t ( ! bus9ess ( ! in/itution4 ,,! ,,monum5t4 ,ab\t two hundr$ y>ds nor? ( ,london bridge1 is situat$ "o ( ! f9e/ pill>s 9 ! _w1 erect$ by ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr51 9 memory ( ! great fire1 :i*1 9 #afff1 broke out at a h\se on ?is spot1 & de/roy$ ! metropolis f ! ,t[] to ,temple ,b>4 ,x is a flut$ column ( ! ,doric ord]2 its total hight is two hundr$ & two feet2 ! diamet] at ! base is fifte5 feet2 ! hight ( ! column1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet2 & ! cone at ! top1 ) its urn1 =ty-two feet4 ,! hight ( ! massy p$e/al is =ty feet4 ,)9 ! column is a flight ( ?ree hundr$ & =ty-five /eps2 & f ! iron balcony at ! top is a mo/ fasc9at+ prospect ( ! metropolis & ! adjac5t c\ntry4 ,x is impossible n to lam5t ! obscure situation ( ?is beautiful monum5t1 :i*1 9 a prop] place1 w\ld =m "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ objects ( ! k9d t ar*itecture is capable ( produc+4 ,,! ,,l\vre4 ,?is spl5did palace1 :i* 0 plann$ 9 ! reign ( ,francis ,i41 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 is a quadrangul> edifice1 hav+ a c\rt 9 ! c5t]1 & =m+ a squ>e ( ab\t f\r hundr$ & sixte5 ,engli% feet4 ,! front 0 built 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 & is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful monum5ts ( 8 reign4 ,a spaci\s gall]y1 f\rte5 hundr$ & fifty ,engli% feet 9 l5g?1 connects ?is palace ) t ( ! ,tuill]ies4 ,"h 0 display$1 "u ! title ( ! ,musee ,napoleon1 t ine/imable collection ( pa9t+s1 "o ?\s& & ?irty 9 numb]1 consi/+ ( ! *efs-d'uvre ( ! great ma/]s ( antiquity1 & con/itut+ a treasury ( human art & g5ius1 f> surpass+ e o!r simil> in/itution4 ,! ante-room lead+ to ! gall]y conta9$ sev]al exquisite pa9t+s1 ! fruits ( ! triumphs ( ,bonap>te1 or :i* _h be5 pres5t$ to him by ! sov]eigns :o _h cultivat$ 8 alliance4 ,?is ap>tm5t 0 /yl$ by ! ,p>isians ! ,nosegay ( ,bonap>te3 its mo/ co/ly pictures 7 f ! gall]y ( ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany2 & to ^! 7 add$ a selection f ^? procur$ at ,v5ice1 ,naples1 ,tur9 & ,bologna4 ,x w\ld be impossible adequately to describe ! fir/ impressions made on ! spectator on 8 entrance into ! gall]y1 :]e su* a galaxy ( g5ius & art 0 (f]$ to 8 contemplation4 ,x 0 l9$ by ! f9e/ productions ( ! ,fr5*1 ,flemi% & ,italian s*ools1 & divid$ by a curi\s d\ble pa9t+ ^u slate1 plac$ on a p$e/al 9 ! middle ( ! room1 repres5t+ ! front & back views ( ! same figures4 ,f ! ,museum ! visitor desc5ds into ! ,salle des ,antiques1 conta9+ ! f9e/ treasures ( ,grecian & ,roman /atu>y4 ,8 notice is in/antly attract$ by ! ,belvid]e ,apollo1 a /atue surpass+1 9 ! op9ion ( connoisseurs1 all ! o!rs 9 ! collection4 ,?is mat*less /atue is ?us describ$ by ,sir ,john ,c>r1 9 8 "w entitl$ 8,! ,/rang] 9 ,france40 8,all ! div9ity ( a god beams ?r\gh ?is unrival$ p]fection ( =m4 ,x is impossible to imp>t ! impressions :i* x inspires3 ! rivet$ behold] is ready to exclaim ) ,adam1 :5 he fir/ disc]ns ! approa* ( ,raphael3 8#8,behold :at glori\s %ape ,comes ?is way mov+3 seems ano!r morn ,ris5 on mid-noon2 "s great behe/ f heav54' 8,! imag9ation c n =m su* an union ( grace & /r5g?4 ,"o ( its _m transc5d5t beauties consi/s 9 its a]ial appe>ance & exquisite expression ( motion40 ,! ,m$icean ,v5us1 f ! palace ,pitti1 at ,flor5ce1 also =m$ a "p ( ?is magnific5t collection ( /atues4 ,! classic ,addison1 9 speak+ ( ?is /atue1 :i* he saw at ,flor5ce1 obs]ves1 t x appe>$ to him mu* less ?an life1 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ 9 ! company ( o!rs ( a l>g] size2 b t x is1 not)/&+1 z l>ge z ! ord9>y size ( wom51 z he conclud$ f ! measure ( ! wri/2 s9ce1 9 a figure ( su* nice proportions1 f ! size ( any "o "p x is easy to guess at t ( ! o!rs4 ,! f9e poli% ( ! m>ble1 communicat+ to ! t\* a s5sation ( fle%y s(tness1 ! delicacy ( ! %ape1 air & po/ure1 & ! correctness ( design1 9 ?is celebrat$ /atue1 are n to be express$4 ,! ,p>is museum1 & ,salle des ,antiques1 al?\gh depriv$1 at ! t]m9ation ( ! conte/ ) ,france1 ( s _m *efs-d'uvre ( art1 /ill conta9 o!rs :i* r5d] !m highly int]e/+4 ,! f9e/ productions ( ,le ,brun1 sev]al ( !m on an imm5se scale1 /ill rema92 z d likewise ! mat*less m>9e pa9t+s by ,v]net2 ! truly sublime works ( ,p\ss91 consi/+ ( ! *ief ( 8 ma/]pieces2 toge!r ) _m *oice pa9t+s by ,rub5s1 ,w\v]mans1 ,de ,witte1 c4 ,_m ( ! /atues rema9+ 9 ! ,salle des ,antiques are likewise admirable specim5s ( sculpture4 ,9 ! gall]y ( ! ,l\vre a v curi\s collection ( models1 repres5t+ ! =tresses ( ,france & o!r c\ntries1 0 once exhibit$2 b x 0 remov$1 t ! pa9t+s might be se5 ) great] effect4 ,^! models1 execut$ 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 & am\nt+ to upw>d ( "o hundr$ & eighty1 7 wr\ght ) ! greate/ accuracy1 & s naturally1 z to repres5t ! sev]al cities :i* !y describe1 ) _! /reets1 h\ses1 squ>es & *ur*es1 toge!r ) ! works1 moats1 bridges & riv]s1 n neglect+ ! adjac5t t]ritory1 z consi/+ ( pla9s1 m\nta9s1 corn-l&s1 mead[s1 g>d5s1 woods1 c4 ,sev]al ( ^! models 7 s contriv$ z to be tak5 9 pieces1 s t ! curi\s obs]v] might be bett] able to p]ceive _! admirable con/ruction4 ,( ?is spl5did build+ & gall]y1 ,silliman1 9 8 late t\r1 says1 8,a m]e catalogue ( ! objects 9 ! ,l\vre1 ) ! mo/ brief description1 w\ld swell to a volume4 ,! build+ =ms "p ( a va/ unf9i%$ quadrangle1 ^u ! usual plan ( anci5t ca/les & palaces4 ,9 v>i\s /ages ( its progress1 dur+ _m c5turies1 x has be5 us$ bo? z a ca/le & a palace4 ,f its w9d[s1 or f ! w9d[s ( a build+ occupy+ ! same place1 ! infam\s ,*>les ,,ix4 fir$ ^u 8 ,prote/ant subjects dur+ ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ,augu/ tw5ty-f\r?1 #aegb1 cry+1 ) ! voice ( a fi5d1 #8,kill6 kill66' 8,! ,l\vre1 z a gr& museum ( ! arts1 is indebt$ *iefly to ,napoleon & ,l\is ,philippe4 ,ev5 z late z ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xvi41 ! great] "p ( ! ,l\vre rema9$ )\t a ro(4 ,! magnific5t bronze gates are due to ,napoleon4 ,he & ,l\is ,philippe did m = ! embelli%m5t ( ,p>is ?an any mon>*1 except ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,_h we se5 ! ,l\vre :5 we 7 fir/ 9 ,p>is1 x w\ld h made a mu* /rong] impression ?an n[2 & ?is rem>k c be1 9 a degree1 ext5d$ to all its v>i\s cont5ts1 :e!r /atues1 anci5t or mod]n1 antiquities ( v>i\s ages & nations1 ,egyptian1 ,assyrian1 ,etruscan1 ,grecian1 ,roman1 ,mexican1 or ,p]uvian1 or ( :atev] "n4 ,exquisite objects1 9 curi\s arts1 may be includ$--cameos1 gems1 cry/al vessels1 & ornam5ts4 ,ev5 at ?is late p]iod ( our t\r1 ! ,l\vre has1 h[ev]1 made a v /rong impression4 ,x is a glori\s spectacle3 !re is no museum t c comp>e ) x1 except t ( ! ,vatican4 ,! ,briti% museum is n a fair subject ( comp>ison ) ei!r ( ^!1 z its plan & ma9 objects are diff]5t4 ,! ,l\vre is /rictly a museum ( ! f9e arts & ( antiquities4 ,libr>ies x has n1 nor does x include natural hi/ory1 :i* is s abundantly illu/rat$ at ! ,g>d5 ( ,plants1 & 9 ! o!r excell5t in/itutions 9 ,p>is4 ,t hall ( ! ,l\vre :i* is call$ ! long gall]y is ?irte5 hundr$ & ?irty-two feet 9 l5g?1 ov] a qu>t] ( a mile1 & =ty-two feet wide1 all se5 9 "o view4 ,! walls are entirely cov]$ by pictures1 am\nt+ 9 ! aggregate to f\rte5 hundr$ & eight1 ( :i* ?ree hundr$ & eighty are ,fr5*1 five hundr$ & =ty are ,flemi% & ,g]man1 f\r hundr$ & eighty are ,italian1 & eight are mod]n copies ( anci5t pictures4 ,only ! works ( deceas$ arti/s are admitt$ into ?is museum1 :i* 0 =m$ pr9cipally by ,napoleon1 & enri*$ ) mo/ ( ! *efs-d'uvre ( ,europe4 ,! great] "p ( ^? =eign pictures 7 claim$ & remov$ by ! allies 9 #ahae2 b !y are h>dly miss$2 =1 ev5 n[1 ?is gall]y is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! _w4 8,i h already _h occasion to rem>k t 9 our t\r we h se5 a numb] ( pictures & /atues 9 v>i\s cities1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,italy1 :i*1 hav+ travel$ to ,p>is1 7 re/or$ aft] ! ,russian campaign & ! battle ( ,wat]loo4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 s _m f9e ?+s left beh9d 9 ! diff]5t gall]ies f :i* ^? pictures _h be5 tak51 t ! omission w\ld h>dly be notic$ !re1 any m ?an _! abs5ce f ! ,l\vre is obs]v$ n[1 except by a few scrut9iz+ arti/s & connoisseurs4 ,9 despair ( mak+ any progress 9 ?is va/ collection1 ,i %all n ev5 attempt to describe any p>ticul> pictures1 & ?us ,i mu/ pass by ! gr&e/ gall]y p]haps 9 ! _w1 because ,i c n d x any ju/ice1 & = a /ill worse reason1 because s _m gall]ies ( less importance h be5 visit$ fir/4 ,! room call$ ,salle de ,bij\x is v ri* 9 ! r>e & co/ly ?+s :i* k+s are wont to collect1 & :i* are "h s num]\s & beautiful t !y surpass ! simil> collections 9 ! ,pitti palace 9 ,flor5ce1 b !y are inf]ior 9 spl5dor & magnific5ce to ^? we _h lately se5 at ,dresd54 ,!re is "h1 h[ev]1 a pr(usion ( gems1 diamonds1 sapphires1 rubies1 c42 & ! vessels fabricat$ f rock cry/al are num]\s1 l>ge & spl5did4 ,! ,egyptian museum is p>ticul>ly ri* 9 ev]y?+ :i* illu/rates ! hi/ory & mann]s ( t c\ntry4 ,! gall]y ( anci5t /atu>y1 & ( mod]n copies1 is s simil> to :at we h se5 9 ,italy1 t ,i w n ent] into p>ticul>s4 ,!re is no?+ "h m surpris+ ?an ! /up5d\s sculptur$ /ones f ,n9eveh1 s5t out by ,m4 ,botta1 ! ,fr5* consul4 ,!y are n s num]\s z 9 ! collection :i* we saw 9 ! ,briti% museum1 b !re are figures "h :i* surpass 9 magnitude any t are !re2 at lea/ su* is my recollection4 ,! w+$ bulls1 ) a lion's head1 & ! figures on ! rev]se ( ! /one panels1 are ( su* va/ size1 t we are a/oni%$ t !y c\ld h be5 transport$ )\t injury f ! o!r side ( ! _w4 ,a tall man is a dw>f by _! side40 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,?is gr& national collection ( antiquities1 books & natural curiosities1 is plac$ 9 ! noble h\se =m]ly belong+ to ! ,duke ( ,montagu1 9 ,great ,russell /reet1 ,bloomsbury4 ,x is a /ately edifice1 9 ! ,fr5* /yle ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 & on ! plan ( ! ,tuill]ies4 ,! celebrat$ ,fr5* ar*itect1 ,pet] ,paget1 0 s5t ov] f ,p>is1 by ,ralph1 fir/ ,duke ( ,montagu1 expressly to con/ruct ?is spl5did mansion1 :i* is1 p]haps1 bett] calculat$ = its pres5t purpose ?an = a private resid5ce4 ,! ,briti% museum 0 e/abli%$ by act ( p>liam5t1 9 #agec1 9 consequ5ce ( ! w ( ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 :o left 8 museum to ! nation1 :i* he decl>$ 9 8 w1 co/ him upw>d ( fifty ?\s& p\nds1 on condition t p>liam5t %\ld pay tw5ty ?\s& p\nds to 8 executors1 & pur*ase a h\se suffici5tly commodi\s = x4 ,! p>liam5t act$ ) great lib]ality on ?is occasion2 sev]al o!r valuable collections 7 unit$ to ?is ( ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 & ! :ole e/abli%m5t complet$ = ! sum ( eighty-five ?\s& p\nds1 :i* 0 rais$ by ! way ( a lott]y4 ,p>liam5t aft]w>d add$1 at v>i\s times1 to ! ,sloanean museum1 ! ,cottonian libr>y2 t ( ,major ,edw>ds2 ! ,h>leian collection ( manuscripts2 ,sir ,william ,hamilton's invaluable collection ( ,greek vases2 ! ,t[nleian collection ( antique m>bles2 ! manuscripts ( ! ,m>quis ( ,lansd[ne2 &1 la/ly1 ! celebrat$ ,elg9 m>bles1 :i* comprise :at are consid]$ z ! f9e/ specim5s ( anci5t sculpture4 ,! :ole ( ! important libr>y ( pr9t$ books & manuscripts :i* _h be5 gradually collect$ by ! k+s ( ,engl& f ,h5ry ,,viii4 to ,william ,,iii41 0 pres5t$ to ! museum by ,george ,,ii42 & ,george ,,iii4 be/[$ on x a num]\s collection ( valuable pamphlets1 :i* _h be5 publi%$ 9 ! int]val betwe5 #afdj & #affj4 ,8 maje/y likewise contribut$ ! two f9e/ mummies 9 ,europe2 ! sum ( elev5 hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree p\nds1 aris+ f lott]y prizes1 :i* _h belong$ to 8 royal pr$ecessor2 &1 9 #aggb1 a complete set ( ! j\rnals ( ! lords & commons4 ,to ^! contributions he aft]w>d add$ a collection ( natural & artificial curiosities1 s5t to him1 9 #agif1 by ,mr4 ,m5zies1 f ! nor?-we/ coa/ ( ,am]ica1 & sev]al s+le books ( great value & utility4 ,! tru/ees h at v>i\s times add$ ,gre5wood's collection ( /uff$ birds2 ,hat*et's m9]als2 ,halh$'s ori5tal manuscripts2 ,tyss5's collection ( ,saxon co9s2 ,doctor ,b5tley's classics2 & ! ,greville collection ( m9]als4 ,to ^! may be add$ num]\s donations f sev]al ( ! sov]eigns ( ,europe1 z well z f le>n$ bodies & private individuals1 includ+ ! spl5did monum5ts f ,n9eveh1 & o!r wond]ful & curi\s contributions t w be m5tion$4 ,! build+ itself is a spaci\s quadrangle ( "s two ?\s& feet1 or ne>ly two-fif?s ( a mile 9 circuit1 occupy+ a l>ge "p ( ,great ,russel squ>e2 & ev5 n[1 greatly enl>g$ z x has be51 x is q inadequate = ! gr[+ dem&s = space 9 all dep>tm5ts4 ,! gr\nd-floor consi/s ( twelve ma9 rooms1 & conta9s ! libr>y ( pr9t$ books4 ,! fir/ room ( ! upp] /ory conta9s mod]n works ( art f all p>ts ( ! _w1 arrang$ 9 cases4 ,9 ! "o 9 ! c5t] are sev]al beautiful m9iatures1 among :i* are ^? ( ,sir ,?omas ,m1 ,*>les ,i41 & ,oliv] ,cromwell1 ! latt] hav+ 8 wat* plac$ by its side4 ,two curi\s portraits ( ,william ,,iii4 & ,que5 ,m>y1 are c>v$ on two walnut-%ells4 ,9 ! presses are arrang$1 9 geographical ord]1 "s f9e specim5s ( ,*9a1 & a v>iety ( implem5ts ( w> f diff]5t qu>t]s ( ! globe4 ,"h is to be se5 ! ri* collection ( curiosities f ! ,s\? ,pacific ocean1 br\ght by ,capta9 ,cook4 ,9 ! left corn] is ! m\rn+ dress ( an ,otaheitan lady1 9 :i* ta/e & b>b>ity are s+ul>ly bl5d$2 & opposite1 are ! ri* cloaks & helmets ( fea!rs f ! ,s&wi* isl&s4 ,among ^! is "o1 :i*1 9 elegance ( =m1 vies ev5 ) ! ,grecian helmets4 ,9 ano!r case are ! cava b[ls1 & above !m battoons1 & o!r weapons ( w>4 ,! next objects ( att5tion are ! idols ( ! diff]5t isl&s1 pres5t+ 9 _! hide\s rud5ess1 a s+ul> contra/ ) _m ( ! works ( art =m$ by ! same p2 ne> ^! are ! drums & o!r in/rum5ts ( music1 & a brea/-plate f ! ,fri5dly isl&s4 ,! ceil+ ( ?is room1 or ve/ibule1 repres5ts ! fall ( ,phton4 ,! second room consi/s ( simil> objects4 ,! ?ird is devot$ to ! ,lansd[ne collection ( manuscripts1 :i* h be5 h&somely b\nd & lett]$4 ,9 ! f\r? are ! ,sloanean & ,bir*ean collections ( manuscripts4 ,! fif? conta9s "p ( ! ,h>leian libr>y ( manuscripts1 & ! six?1 ! fir/ "p ( ! same1 & additions made s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ! museum4 ,! sev5? is appropriat$ to ! royal & ,cottonian libr>y ( manuscripts4 ,on a table1 9 a glaz$ frame1 is ! orig9al ( ! ,magna ,*>ta1 belong+ to ! ,cottonian libr>y4 ,aga9/ ! press1 numb] tw5ty-"o1 ( ! ,cottonian collection1 is ! orig9al ( ! articles prep>atory to ! sign+ ( ! great *>t]1 p]fect1 ) ! seal4 ,! magnific5t saloon is fill$ ) ! ,greville collection ( m9]als1 ! f9e/ 9 ! _w1 admirably arrang$1 & lum9\sly color$4 ,! dome ( ?is saloon m]its notice4 ,x 0 pa9t$ by ,la ,fosse1 & has be5 describ$ z ! apo!osis ( ,iris1 or bir? ( ,m9]va4 ,9 ! middle ( ! w9d[ /&s a table1 compos$ ( a v>iety ( lavas f ,m\nt ,vesuvius1 pres5t$ by ! ,e>l ( ,exet]4 ,! eigh? room conta9s a dep>tm5t ( natural hi/ory1 "p ( :i* is ! valuable donation ( ,mr4 ,cra*]ode1 dispos$ 9 two tables1 ne>ly 9 ! ,l9nan ord]2 & a mu* m ext5sive s]ies1 arrang$ accord+ to ! ,w]n]ian sy/em4 ,! pr9cipal productions are v valuable1 consi/+ ( m9]als f ,d]by%ire1 ,sib]ia1 ! ,s\? seas1 volcanic & rock /ones f ,g]many1 c4 ,"o v curi\s specim5 ( natural hi/ory is po9t$ out 9 ! fif? division ( ! ,cra*]odean collection1 an egg-%ap$ piece ( *alc$ony1 conta9+ wat]1 :i* may be se5 by g5tly %ak+ ! vase4 ,"h1 also1 9 a glass case1 is ! fam\s fossil skeleton f ,gaudal\pe1 :i* has be5 ! object ( mu* int]e/+ controv]sy among em95t naturali/s4 ,! n9? is appropriat$ to petrifactions & %ells4 ,9 ! fir/ division ( ! cases 9 ! middle ( ! room1 is a valuable univalve %ell1 ( ! species call$ ! pap] nautilus1 or argonaut %ells1 rem>kable = ! slightness ( its fabric1 & ! elegance ( its %ape4 ,x is inhabit$ by an animal n unlike a cuttle-fi%1 :i* by ext5d+ a pair ( membranes1 adh]+ to ! top ( its longe/ arms1 has ! p[] ( sail+ on ! surface ( ! sea4 ,"u ! tables are deposit$1 9 ?is & ! next room1 a great numb] ( volumes & p>cels1 conta9+ collections ( dri$ plants2 :i*1 f ! fragile nature ( _! cont5ts1 are %[n only on p>ticul> leave4 ,! t5? room is entirely fill$ ) vegetable productions1 zophytes1 sponges1 c4 ,! cont5ts ( ! elev5? room are birds1 & arrang$ z f> z conv5i5ce w\ld admit1 accord+ to ! ,l9nan sy/em4 ,among ! curi\s specim5s ( orni?ology is a humm+-bird1 sc>cely l>g] ?an a bee2 also ano!r beautiful little creature call$ ! h>lequ9 humm+-bird1 f ! v>iety ( its colors4 ,9 ?is room !re is a curi\s picture1 execut$ _m ye>s ago 9 ,holl&1 ( t extremely r>e & curi\s bird1 ! dodo1 belong+ to ! tribe gall94 ,9 ! table 9 ! middle are pres]v$ ! ne/s ( sev]al birds1 among ! mo/ curi\s ( :i* are sev]al hang+ ne/s1 *iefly =m$ by birds ( ! oriole tribe2 ne/s ( a sub/ance resembl+ is+lass1 :i* ! ,*9ese make into a ri* s\p2 sc>ce fea!rs1 c4 ,9 ! second table are deposit$ a v>iety ( eggs & ne/s3 among ! =m] may be notic$ ! eggs ( ! o/ri*1 ! cass[>y1 ! crocodile1 c4 ,9 ! cases betwe5 ! w9d[s are sev]al ( ! r>] quadrup$s2 among ^! ! mo/ curi\s are1 two orang-outangs1 9 a "y /ate1 a long-tail$ macauco1 erm9e1 c42 9 cases "u ! tables are an armadillo1 or porcup9e1 sev]al "y slo?s1 & a f9e specim5 ( ! two-to$ ant-eat]4 ,! twelf? room conta9s a g5]al & ext5sive arrangem5t ( fi%es1 s]p5ts1 liz>ds1 frogs1 c4 ,! ,t[nley m>bles & ,egyptian antiquities1 are deposit$ 9 a v elegant suite ( rooms built purposely = !m4 ,! fir/ room is devot$ to a collection ( bass-reliefs1 9 t]ra cotta1 pron\nc$ ! f9e/ 9 ,europe4 ,! second is a beautiful circul> room1 :5ce y h a f9e view ( ! :ole suite ( ap>tm5ts1 b\nd$ at ! end by an exquisitely-wr\ght discobolon1 or anci5t quoit-play]4 ,?is room is devot$ to ,greek & ,roman sculptures1 among :i* may be po9t$ out a f9e c&elabrum1 ) sev]al beautiful bu/s & /atues4 ,! ?ird & f\r? rooms are also fill$ ) ,greek & ,roman sculptures3 9 ! latt] are sev]al f9e bass-reliefs4 ,! fif? conta9s a collection ( ,roman sepul*ral monum5ts1 & a beautiful mosaic pavem5t1 discov]$ 9 digg+ ! f\ndations = a new build+ at ! bank ( ,engl&4 ,! six? exhibits a miscellane\s collection ( "o hundr$ gr& pieces ( ,roman & ,greek sculpture4 ,! sev5? is devot$ to ,roman antiquities1 & ! eigh?1 on ! left1 to ,egyptian antiquities1 among :i* are ! two mummies be=e m5tion$1 ) _! c(f9s2 a manuscript1 or papyrus1 tak5 f a mummy1 c4 ,among ! ,egyptian sculptures 9 ! n9? room1 is ! celebrat$ s>cophagus1 commonly call$ ! tomb ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 an engrav+ & diss]tation on :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e = ,febru>y1 #ahji4 ,! t5? conta9s ,greek & ,roman sculptures ( s+ul> beauty4 ,!nce return+1 & proce$+ up /airs1 ! visitor is conduct$ to ! elev5? room1 conta9+ anci5t & mod]n co9s & m$als1 arrang$ 9 geographical ord]1 ^? ( ea* c\ntry be+ kept sep>ate4 ,x is n %[n unless by ! p]mission ( ! tru/ees1 or ( ! pr9cipal libr>ian4 ,n m ?an two p]sons are admitt$ at "o "t1 )\t ! pres5ce ( ! pr9cipal libr>ian1 or ( "s o!r (fic]4 ,! twelf? room conta9s ! collection ( ! late ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 :i* has be5 remov$ f ! saloon4 ,x pr9cipally consi/s ( p5ates1 or h\sehold gods1 bronze vessels1 ut5sils1 c41 specim5s ( anci5t glass1 necklaces1 bull1 fragm5ts ( relievos1 & anci5t armor1 tripods1 knives1 pat5t lamps1 seals1 weights1 sculpture 9 ivory1 bracelets1 bits1 spurs1 anci5t pa9t+s f ,h]culaneum1 ,babyloni% bricks1 & 8 unrival$ collection ( ,greek vases1 ! great] "p ( :i* 7 f\nd 9 ! sepul*]s ( ,magna ,grecia4 ,! =ms ( ! vases are mu* v>i$1 & are equally simple & beautiful4 ,9 ! ?irte5? is deposit$ ! ext5sive & valuable collection ( pr9ts & draw+s1 ! mo/ important "p ( :i* 0 bequea!d by ! ,rev4 ,william ,cra*]ode4 ,! cont5ts ( ?is room c be se5 only by a few p]sons at a "t1 by p>ticul> p]mission4 ,9 addition to ! v>i\s curiosities enum]at$ above1 ,pr(essor ,silliman m5tions _m o!rs :i* h be5 contribut$ to ! museum m rec5tly2 & m fully describes "s already notic$4 8,"h10 he says1 8is a ri* collection ( ,etruscan vases1 f ! cemet]ies ( ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,italy1 :o prec$$ ! ,roman empire4 ,a "p ( ?is collection 0 deposit$ by ! ,pr9ce de ,can9o1 son ( ,luci5 ,bonap>te4 ,! ,maltese are n[ ! only p :o fabricate w>e l ! anci5t ,etruscan4 ,?r\gh ! k9dness ( a g5tleman atta*$ to ! museum1 we 7 p]mitt$ to see ! orig9al ,portl& vase4 ,x is ( mod]ate dim5sions4 ,! mat]ial1 contr>y to my =m] impression1 is glass1 & n e>!n-w>e4 ,! basis 0 d>k blue1 almo/ black1 & 9 ! mann] ( ! mod]n ,bohemian glass1 x appe>s to h be5 dipp$ into a semi-transp>5t :ite enamel1 :i* gave x an ext]ior coat+ ( t color4 ,?is 0 !n cut away1 s z to leave ! exquisitely wr\ght figures ( ! human =m by :i* x is adorn$4 ,x 0 successfully imitat$ by ! late ,mr4 ,w$gwood1 9 8 peculi> porcela91 b x has nev] be5 surpass$ 9 beauty ( model1 or 9 ! p]fection ( its decorations4 ,mr4 ,w$gwood's copies co/ fifty p\nds ea*1 :i*1 ev5 ) a l>ge subscription1 did n reimburse him4 ,mr4 ,webb]1 ! arti/1 receiv$ fifty p\nds = model+ x4 ,! orig9al 0 discov]$ 9 ! tomb ( ,alex&] ,sev]us1 :o di$ z e>ly z ! ye> #bce1 & ! ,du*ess ( ,portl& paid "o ?\s& gu9eas = x2 h5ce x 0 call$ ! ,portl& vase4 ,x w appe> incr$ible t any "o %\ld be will+ to de/roy su* a gem ( art2 /ill1 a few ye>s ago1 a man :o 0 believ$ to be ei!r drunk or insane1 7v probably bo?17 hurl$ a /one at x1 & %iv]$ ! beautiful antique into fragm5ts4 ,a fac-simile ( ! vase1 z x lay 9 ru9s1 is pres]v$ 9 a glaz$ frame 9 ! room4 ,b by great c>e & skill1 ! fragm5ts h be5 reunit$1 & cem5t$ toge!r1 s t ! jo9+s c be p]ceiv$ only by a ne> approa*4 ,! culprit 0 imprison$ = two ye>s2 & a law be+ aft]w>d made to fit su* cases1 7ex po/ facto1 p]haps17 he is1 ,i believe1 n yet lib]at$1 &1 c]ta9ly1 ought n to be1 )\t satisfactory evid5ce ( a s\nd] /ate ( m9d4 ,9 ! same room ) ! ,portl& vase is a ri* collection ( antique ornam5ts 9 gold4 ,!y are p]sonal ornam5ts1 ,etruscan1 ,roman1 ,briti%1 ,saxon1 ,norman1 ,scot* & ,iri%4 ,among !m are elegant =ms1 r+s1 bracelets1 girdles1 ti>as1 broo*es1 c4 ,!y are 9 appe>ance z ri* & bright z if made ye/]day2 & ev9ce t 9 ages long pa/1 bo? ! value ( gold & ! mann] ( work+ x 7 well und]/ood4 ,"s ( ^! ?+s 7 f\nd 9 graves1 "s 9 morasses1 &1 probably1 "s on battle-fields4 8,"h1 also1 we saw ! colossal monum5ts ( /one1 dis9t]r$ by ! labors ( ,mr4 ,lay>d1 & br\ght f anci5t ,n9eveh4 ,! bull & ! lion1 ea* ) ! w+s ( an eagle1 & ! face ( a man1 symbolical ( /r5g?1 c\rage1 spe$ & intellig5ce1 are at pres5t 9 ! l[] room1 along ) ! two gigantic figures 9 human =m1 ea* be+ orig9ally divid$ transv]sely above ! wai/4 ,x is n[ int5d$ to reunite !m1 :5 ! ,n9eveh figures receive _! f9al position 9 ! museum4 ,^! /up5d\s pieces ( primeval sculpture fill ! obs]v] ) a/oni%m5t1 bo? t !y c\ld ev] h be5 con/ruct$1 & t !y %\ld ev] h be5 extricat$ f _! long-=gott5 sepul*]s1 & transport$1 )\t ! slighte/ injury1 f a position f> inl&1 across wide oceans1 to ?is di/ant c\ntry1 :i* did n beg9 to em]ge f b>b>ism until ages aft] ! v site ( ,n9eveh _h pass$ into oblivion4 ,^! colossal =ms are s va/ 9 _! dim5sions1 t man1 by ! side ( !m1 appe>s a pigmy2 & /ill !y 7 %ap$ by human h&s1 :i* = ?\s&s ( ye>s h crumbl$ into du/1 :ile _! works rema9 fre% & p]fect z :5 fir/ f9i%$ by ! *isel ( ! n[ long-=gott5 arti/4 ,our polite conductor also accompani$ u to a l[] room1 9 :i* are /or$ a great numb] ( ! alaba/] panels ( ,n9eveh4 ,!y are v l>ge1 & are cov]$ by figures 9 relief1 bold & p]fect2 sc5es ( w> & ( peace1 figures ( ma/] & s]vant1 ( mon>* & subject1 ( w>rior & soldi]1 & ( victor & prison]4 ,9 fact1 !y are exactly su* figures z are repres5t$ 9 ! publi%$ volumes ( ,mr4 ,lay>d1 ! illu/rations 9 :i* are 9 no degree exagg]at$1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! figures are copi$ ) ! mo/ scrupul\s exactness4 ,a hall is 9 prep>ation = ^! preci\s relics ( an age coeval ) ! dawn ( art & civilization1 & ( :i*1 z ext5d$ to our "t1 ! entire ,*ri/ian era =ms b an integral "p4 ,at fir/ view1 x appe>s v surpris+ t !y h escap$ ?r\gh ?irty or =ty c5turies )\t injury2 & ?is is ! m rem>kable1 z !y are compos$ ( s s(t a mat]ial z alaba/]4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 worn & corrod$ by ! h& ( "t _h x n be5 protect$ by ! mildness ( ! climate1 & /ill m by ! position ( ^! sculptures1 cut (f f ! atmosph]e1 & buri$ 9 ! crumbl$ & dry e>? ( ! build+s :5 !y 7 de/roy$40 ,! collection ( m9]als1 c41 ,silliman goes on to say1 is arrang$ 9 sixty cases 9 f\r rooms4 ,& "h is ! fossil woman ( ,gaudal\pe1 a skeleton bo? headless & footless1 b hav+ ribs1 sp9e1 limbs1 c41 s complete z to %[ beyond d\bt t once x belong$ to a liv+ woman2 & ) x !re 7 f\nd num]\s o!r human bodies z well z ut5sils1 rude weapons1 c4 ,"h1 too1 are ! rema9s ( ! enorm\s liz>ds ( geological antiquity4 8,! fossil saurians1 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,hawk9s10 says ! writ] j quot$1 8pur*as$ by ! museum1 7 skeletons ( i*?yosauri1 plesiosauri1 & o!r =ms ( reptilian life4 ,!re is a p]fect fossil skeleton ( ! i*?yosaurus1 :i* ,i measur$4 ,x is fully tw5ty feet long2 & !re is b5ea? x a s]ies ( v]tebr ( ano!r individual1 d\bly cup-%ap$1 l ! v]tebr ( fi%es4 ,!y seem to be all pres5t1 & mu/ h belong$ to an animal /ill l>g] ?an ! "o :i* ,i h nam$4 ,! figures ( ^! anci5t di/9ct races are n[ famili> 9 our elem5t>y books1 & ,i %all n ent] into any m9ute details4 ,mo/ ( ! fossil saurians 7 m>9e4 ,!y appe>$ soon aft] ! p]iod ( ! coal =mation1 & 7 cont9u$ to t ( ! *alk4 ,a m9iature liz>d has be5 rec5tly f\nd 9 ! old-r$-s&/one4 8,! collection 9 ! ,briti% museum is appall+4 ,x fills "o ) a/oni%m5t1 z we "h contemplate ! indubitable rema9s ( an age gone by1 nev] to return4 ,/ill m a/oni%+ are ! reptilian rema9s1 br\ght to light *iefly by ! rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,mantell1 aid$ by ,dr4 ,buckl& & o!r coadjutors4 ,b to ,dr4 ,mantell solely belongs ! cr$it ( hav+ e/abli%$ ! exi/5ce ( sev]al families ( l& liz>ds1 ^: magnitude f> exce$s t ( ! m>9e saurians4 ,! bones ( ! iguanodon1 ( ! hylosaurus1 & pelorosaurus1 are colossal--equal to ^? ( ! l>ge/ elephants1 & 9 "s individuals ev5 surpass+ !m1 :ile _! l5g?1 9 "s in/ances1 0 equal to t ( ! longe/ :ales4 ,! =m ( _! tee?1 & ! holl[ condition ( _! bones1 ) a l>ge canal = m>r[1 prove t _! habits 7 ^? ( t]re/rial animals2 :ile ! =m ( ! tee?1 & ! solid condition ( ! bones ( ! saurians1 be=e nam$1 adapt !m to a m>9e life2 s9ce ! buoyancy d]iv$ f ! su/a9+ p[] ( ! wat] w\ld enable !m to swim ) ?is additional weight4 ,! bones ( ^! l& liz>ds discov]$ by ,dr4 ,mantell1 & n[ 9 ! museum1 ) ^? 9 8 own h\se1 /udi$ & dispos$ ( anatomically1 by 8 skill 9 comp>ative anatomy1 & 9 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( physiology1 prove ! exi/5ce ( ^! giants ( antiquity1 :i* 7 n c>nivor\s1 b 7 vegetable eat]s1 9 a climate capable ( produc+ a tropical vegetation1 :i* !n exi/$ bo? 9 ,engl& & on ! ,european cont95t1 & probably p]vad$1 m or less1 ! entire planet4 ,dr4 ,mantell's orig9al memoirs & publi%$ volumes mu/ be consult$ = ! pro(s ( ^! positions1 & = ! details ( anatomical /ructure4 ,he 0 ) me 9 my la/ visit to ! museum1 & gave additional explanations on ! gr& fossils deposit$ !re1 especially ^? ( 8 own ga!r+1 & also on ^? obta9$ by ,mr4 ,hawk9s1 ( ,gl\ce/]4 ,bo? collections relate *iefly to ! ext9ct colossal liz>ds ( ! gone-by geological ages4 ,! imm5se collection ( fossils f ! ,himalaya m\nta9s also pass$ "u review4 ,!y h add$ mu* to our k ( zological antiquity4 ,dr4 ,buckl& discov]$ ne> ,ox=d ! bones ( a l>ge c>nivor\s reptile1 ! megalosaurus1 :i* approximat$ t[>d ! magnitude ( ! liz>ds ( ,dr4 ,mantell40 ,,madame ,,tusseau',s ,,museum4 ,?is museum consi/s ( a celebrat$ collection ( wax figures1 :i* 8enjoys a high & des]v$ reputation10 says ,silliman2 & :i*1 he adds1 8is ! only "o ( ! k9d f :i* ,i h ev] receiv$ any pleasure40 8,!re are ?ree successive rooms10 he cont9ues1 89 :i* are se5 a great numb] ( p]sonages 9 co/ume1 & 9 natural & *>act]i/ic positions 9 relation to ea* o!r4 ,9 ! ve/ibule ! visitor passes ?r\gh gr\ps ( m>ble /atues1 su* z may be se5 9 _m o!r places4 ,on ent]+ ! fir/ room ( ! museum1 exactly at ! door1 & sitt+ 9 a *air1 a pleasant look+ "y ,*9ese1 a door-keep]1 z ,i suppos$1 almo/ spoke to me1 & ,i did q speak to him1 s lifelike 0 he2 b z he seem$ n to und]/& ,engli%1 we pass$ on4 ,! next p]sonage1 9 ! "r corn] ( ! room1 0 a well dress$ g5tleman1 :om ,i = ! mom5t mi/ook = a liv+ ,engli%man2 he look$ s v affable1 t ,i took him = an (ficial1 & 0 ab\t to make an inquiry ( him1 :5 ,i p]ceiv$ t he too belong$ to ! deaf mutes4 ,next came ^? to :om ,i mu/ n speak1 ! que5 ) ,pr9ce ,alb]t1 & f\r ( _! sweet *ildr51 m\nt$ on an elevat$ plat=m4 ,! lik5esses are s /rik+1 judg+ f pictures1 /atues & in=mation1 7= ,i h n se5 !m17 t ! royal p]sonages might be readily recogniz$ by "o :o knew !m2 =1 z se5 "h1 !y are all b speak+1 & mov+1 & brea?+4 8,al?\gh no figures 9 ^! rooms spoke1 ?ree gave signs ( life4 ,"o1 a ,*9ese lady 9 a ri* ori5tal dress1 0 /&+ on h] little feet1 by h] husb&1 :ile he1 a ,hong m]*ant1 9 spl5did attire1 0 li/5+ to "s communication f h]2 & al?\gh we c\ld n he> :at %e said1 %e gave effect to h] address by an e>ne/ look & by a g5tle movem5t ( h] head4 ,ano!r lady1 ,madame ----1 aft]w>d a victim ( ,robespi]re's cruelty1 because %e indignantly refus$ to become ! victim ( 8 lu/1 lies asleep on h] c\* 9 h] day dress1 probably 9 prison prior to h] execution4 ,%e brea!s1 & h] bu/1 ) h] dress1 rises & falls s naturally ) ! respiration1 t y in/9ctively move s(tly1 le/ %e %\ld be di/urb$ 9 h] slumb]4 ,9 ^! rooms are se5 impos+ occasions ( /ate4 ,! que51 9 ano!r sc5e ?an :i* has be5 nam$1 ) h] family1 is surr\nd$ by h] m9i/]s1 bi%ops1 & lords & ladies1 & by c\rti]s1 & g5]als1 & =eign embassadors2 7,i bl5d two ( ^! sc5es into "o27 all are 9 full c\rt-dress1 9 magnific5t robes1 & sp>kl+ ) factiti\s diamonds4 ,! illusion is s complete1 t 7 an obs]v] introduc$ sudd5ly into ! sc5e1 )\t an intimation ( ! deception1 he w\ld be />tl$ at f9d+ himself 9 su* company4 8,hundr$s ( ! mo/ em95t p]sons1 bo? ( ! liv+ & ! dead1 are "h1 & ! lik5esses are s good t ,i readily recogniz$ sev]al1 ei!r ( ^? :om ,i _h se5 :5 liv+1 7e4 g41 ,george ,,iii41 ,pitt1 & ,fox17 or ^: pictures or bu/s 7 famili>1 7,voltaire1 ,sir4 ,w4 ,scott1 & ,wa%+ton47 ,calv91 ,lu!r & ,john ,knox are 9 "o gr\p1 & ! latt] is address+ ,que5 ,m>y ( ,scotl&1 on :om he seems n likely to make any m impression n[ ?an he did ( yore4 ,i might multiply ^! in/ances4 ,napoleon & 8 m>%als2 ,l\is ,,xvi4 & 8 *ildr5 & si/]2 ,l\is ,philippe & 8 family2 ,que5 ,elizabe? & h] c\rti]s2 ,anne ,boleyn & h] bloody husb&2 ,*>les ,i4 & ,,ii41 ! =m] li/5+ to a talk f ,cromwell2 ,james ,i4 & ,,ii42 ! royal dukes1 sons ( ,george ,,iii42 ,"l ,well+ton2 ,"l ,john ,russell2 ,admiral ,napi]1 ( ,acre memory2 & _m1 _m m4 ,pictures ( em95t p]sons & ( int]e/+ sc5es are hung all ar\nd ! l(ty rooms1 :i* are gild$ & adorn$ 9 ! mann] ( a palace4 ,a ?rong ( visitors 7 9 ! ap>tm5ts1 b f _! dress & appe>ance1 x 0 obvi\s t !y belong$ n to ! upp] t5 ?\s&1 b to ! l[] million1 & mo/ ( !m 7 probably ( t class1 :o1 hav+ be5 drawn to ,london by ! great exhibition1 take ! opportunity to see o!r wond]s ( ! great metropolis1 & we 7 pleas$ t !y c\ld be ?us gratifi$4 8,pass+ ! room ( horrors1 7t is ( murd]s & executions17 :]e an additional sixp5ce is dem&$ = ! pleasure ( see+ :at all %\ld desire to avoid1 we ent]$ a room call$ ! hall ( ,napoleon1 occupi$ *iefly by relics ( t great capta9 & emp]or1 :o made su* an impression on ! age 9 :i* he liv$1 t 8 "n & 8 de$s--! de$s ( m ?an tw5ty ye>s ( sangu9>y conflict1 ) only %ort int]ludes ( repose--are n[ enroll$ 9 hi/ory1 & w g d[n to ! end ( "t4 ,! relics "h pres]v$ are p]sonal articles1 :i* once belong$ to him4 ,8 own hair is inclos$ 9 ! same locket ) t ( 8 son1 ! ,duke ( ,rei*/adt4 ,!re is ! sword ( ! ,egyptian campaign1 :i* 0 wav$ 9 _m a bloody battle4 ,"h are ! m h>mless ut5sils ( 8 table2 b ! mo/ conspicu\s ?+s are 8 c>riages1 ?ree 9 numb]4 ,9 "o ( ^! he made 8 excursions f ,longwood1 9 ,/4 ,hel5a1 to ! b\nd>ies ( t small isl&1 r\gh ) volcanic rocks4 ,?is c>riage is a pla9 yell[ b>\*e1 ) no?+ peculi> 9 its appe>ance4 ,8 common or usual travel+ c>riage 0 9 ! po/-*aise =m1 ) inside seats = only two p]sons1 & !re is a l[ division betwe5 !m4 ,8 iron b$/ead 0 fold$ l ! legs ( a gras%opp]1 pack$ 9 a case1 & hung b5ea? ! coa*man's seat4 ,inside ( ! c>riage is a writ+-desk1 :i* c be drawn out at pleasure1 to accommodate ! travel]2 & x /ill reta9$ its connection ) ! front ( ! c>riage4 ,!re is a movable bo>d1 :i* answ]$ = a table2 & a door op5s 9 front1 b5ea? ! writ+-desk1 to af=d room = ! limbs :5 ! travel] wi%es to sleep4 ,! b$/ead might p]haps admit ( a p>tial contraction1 s z to be plac$ 9 ! c>riage1 9 front ( ! seat1 z a support1 or !re might h be5 "s o!r contrivance = ?is purpose4 ,?is c>riage is said to be l9$ ) conceal$ iron plates1 to af=d protection aga9/ ! bullets ( assass9s4 ,t f\nd on ! field ( ,wat]loo is yell[1 & ! pa9t & v>ni%1 h come (f 9 c]ta9 places1 s t x is defac$ 9 appe>ance4 ,?is latt] c>riage is a common coa* ) two seats1 ! front seat1 z usual1 rev]s$2 b !re is no?+ peculi> 9 its appe>ance or conv5i5ces1 & x 0 probably tak5 9 ha/e aft] ! return f ,elba2 = ! hundr$ days includ$ ,napoleon's hegira1 8 brief sway 9 ,p>is1 & 8 d[nfall at ,wat]loo1 & to t fatal field he rode 9 ?is c>riage4 ,b ! mo/ int]e/+ relic is ! b$ on :i* ! fall5 emp]or di$4 ,we 7 assur$ t x 0 ! v b$ & b$/ead ( ,/4 ,hel5a1 & t x 0 ! camp e/abli%m5t ( 8 campaigns40 ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,bl5heim4 ,! palace ( ! fam\s ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh1 pres5t$ to him by ! nation1 9 honor ( 8 s]vices1 is n f> f ,ox=d1 9 ,engl&4 ,?is magnific5t /ructure has (t5 be5 describ$1 & rec5tly by ,silliman 9 8 8,visit to ,europe40 8,we ent]$10 he says1 8by ! spl5did portal erect$ to ! memory ( h] husb& by ! surviv+ ,du*ess ( ,m>lbor\gh4 ,! palace is situat$ on a pla9 9 ! mid/ ( an ext5sive doma91 elev5 miles 9 circuit1 laid out 9 ! f9e/ /yle ( an ,engli% p>k4 ,!re are tw5ty-five hundr$ acres cov]$ ) ! ri*e/ v]dure1 includ+ a beautiful lake1 f :i* l>ge pike are obta9$4 ,! palace is an imm5se /ructure1 & has be5 greatly improv$ by ! pres5t duke1 :o1 x is said1 has rec5tly exp5d$ eighty ?\s& p\nds ^u ! e/abli%m5t4 ,x is 9 va9 to attempt a detail$ description4 ,! nor? front measures ?ree hundr$ & eighty-f\r feet f "o w+ to ! o!r4 ,we 7 c\rte\sly conduct$ ?r\gh ! palace by a man ( good appe>ance1 & ( civil b =mal mann]s4 ,he 0 dress$ 9 black3 y w\ld take him = a g5tleman1 & feel t x w\ld be improp] to (f] him money1 b he took x f our p>ty4 ,we 7 tak5 ?r\gh "o spl5did room aft] ano!r1 until x w\ld seem z if !re w\ld be no end ( !m4 ,!y 7 g5]ally l(ty1 app>5tly tw5ty to tw5ty-five feet high1 & ornam5t$ ) ri* ceil+s1 gild+1 & fresco pa9t+s4 ,! pr9cipal ap>tm5ts are ! hall1 ! b[-w9d[ room1 ! /ate b$room1 ! billi>d-room1 ! breakfa/-room1 ! gr& cab9et1 ! small draw+-room1 ! great draw+-room1 ! d9+-room1 ! saloon1 ! gre5 draw+-room1 ! /ate draw+-room1 ! crimson draw+-room1 ! libr>y1 ! *apel1 & ! ,titian room4 ,?is palace _h no appe>ance ( be+ ! com=table home ( ! family1 :o1 x is said1 keep x up out ( reg>d to ! glory ( _! great ance/or2 b t !y are too poor to live 9 x 9 a /yle ( appropriate magnific5ce4 ,! g>d5s or pleasure gr\nds1 & ! private gr\nds1 7 n visible4 8,! pictures 9 ?is palace are num]\s1 & _m ( !m are admirable4 ,v&yke1 ,sir ,godfrey ,knell]1 ,rub5s1 ,holbe91 ,paul ,v]onese1 ,leon>di da ,v9ci1 ,reynolds1 ,p\ss91 ,c>lo ,dolci1 ,corregio1 ,rembr&t1 ,t5i]s1 ,titian1 & o!r em95t arti/s1 by m5tal creations1 contribut$ ! liv+ gl[+ images ( _! own m9ds1 or transf]r$ liv+ features to ! canvas4 ,_m v beautiful & lovely wom5 & pr9cely m5 look d[n ^u ! obs]v] f ^! animat$ & eloqu5t walls2 = ! palace is1 9 fact1 an imm5se gall]y ( pictures1 divid$ among _m rooms4 ,! victories ( ! ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh are display$ 9 ,antw]p tape/ry ^u ! walls ( sev]al ( ! ap>tm5ts4 ,! tape/ry pictures are ( great size3 a s+le picture cov]s a side1 sometimes two sides ( a l>ge room2 s t !re is space to exhibit also ! sc5]y ( ! c\ntry2 !re is room also = portraits ( ! pr9cipal (fic]s1 z l>ge z life--( ! duke himself1 & ev5 ( ! horses2 & ne> or remote1 ! ho/ile armies are l+]+ on ! fe>ful edge ( battle1 or !y are actually engag$ 9 deadly combat4 ,h[ t\*+ ! reflection1 h[ sad ! remembrance1 t1 except+ ! pres5t duke & 8 family1 only "o individual ( all ! va/ numb] ( human be+s repres5t$ by ^! pictures survives4 ,"o t appe>s z a little *ild 9 a l>ge family gr\p1 is n[ ! ag$ gr&mo!r ( a di/+ui%$ pe]4 ,all ! re/ h pass$ away1 & ! great ,m>lbor\gh himself1 & 8 pr\d1 aspir+ du*ess1 lie "u ! m>ble pavem5t ( ! *apel 9 ! palace1 z ,l\is ,,xiv41 ! ,gr&1 reposes 9 8 own tomb1 & ,que5 ,anne 9 h]s2 & all ! sangu9>y conflicts ( t ev5tful p]iod are n[ to be f\nd 9 hi/ory alone4 ,w>1 by a _s ( *ivalry1 0 !n a k9d ( duel on a great scale2 x is said t milit>y c\rtesy sometimes (f]$ ! fir/ fire to ! enemy2 & a simil> (f] be+ made 9 return1 !y ?us b&i$ complim5ts z if 9 sport1 :5 !y knew t ! fir/ fire w\ld lay _m a gallant soldi] l[4 8,"o room is "o hundr$ & eighty-?ree feet 9 l5g?1 & conta9s ! ducal libr>y1 consi/+ ( sev5te5 ?\s& volumes4 ,!y are protect$ by a wire nett+ 9 front4 ,at ! upp] end ( ! libr>y is a f9e m>ble /atue ( ,que5 ,anne1 :i* co/ five ?\s& gu9eas4 ,?is palace1 l mo/ ( ! anci5t public /ructures 9 ,engl& con/ruct$ ( olite1 is ext]nally mu* corrod$ by "t4 ,^! imm5se e/abli%m5ts are1 ( c\rse1 v exp5sive 9 repairs1 9 embelli%m5ts1 9 s]vice1 & 9 _m o!r ways2 b !y br+ no income2 nor1 9 g5]al1 does ! va/ doma9 :i* surr\nds ! palace4 ,if kept 9 high ord]1 z !y g5]ally are1 !y require a great numb] ( labor]s1 especially 9 ! horticultural dep>tm5t2 & = all ?is !re is little or no return1 unless x may be some?+ t[>d supplies ( food = ! h\sehold4 ,!re is at ,bl5heim a column or obelisk to ! memory ( ! ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh1 :i* is "o hundr$ & ?irty-f\r feet high1 cr[n$ ) a /atue 9 ,roman dress4 ,! gall]y ( ,titian is seclud$ 9 a sep>ate build+1 & = reasons obvi\s to ^? :o h se5 x1 is exhibit$ 9 a m res]v$ mann] to arti/s & amateurs40 ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,v]sailles4 ,?is spl5did palace 0 f\nd$ by ,l\is ,,xiv4 8,a build+ on ?is gr\nd10 says a late t\ri/1 8_h be5 us$ by 8 imm$iate pr$ecessors z a hunt+-lodge2 b 9 #affj1 ,l\is comm5c$ conv]t+ x into a palace1 &1 aft] _m additions1 x became ! royal resid5ce 9 #afha4 ,= a c5tury or m x 0 a favorite abode ( ! k+s ( ,france1 & no exp5se 0 sp>$ ^u its decorations4 ,9 #agib1 ! palace 0 deva/at$ by ! revolutioni/s4 ,ev]y?+ conv]tible into money 0 sold = ! nation1 & b = ,napoleon1 x w\ld h be5 completely de/roy$4 ,x 0 said1 t he w\ld h made x 8 resid5ce1 _h x n requir$ fifty millions ( francs to put x 9 ord]4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 exp5d$ ^u x =ty millions ( p\nds /]l+1 & ,l\is ,philippe fifte5 millions ( francs4 ,! latt] re/or$ x to spl5dor1 & labor$ to conc5trate 9 x spl5did illu/rations ( ! glories ( ,france4 ,all ! pa9t$ ceil+s1 gild+s1 c41 7 re/or$1 & new gall]ies & saloons 7 =m$4 ,an imm5se s]ies ( pa9t+s1 sculptures1 & works ( art1 illu/rative ( e important ev5t t has reflect$ honor on ! annals ( ,france1 n[ fills ! spl5did halls ( ?is noble palace1 =m+ a hi/orical museum t has n its p>allel 9 ,europe1 or 9 ! _w4 ,x w\ld be a va9 attempt to endeavor to describe ! palace4 ,its build+s & gr\nds are ( v great ext5t4 ,x is said to conta9 "o hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 gr& saloons & less] ap>tm5ts1 :i* are furni%$ ) t5 ?\s& pictures4 8,f\r h\rs are all[$ = ! inspection ( ! rooms & ( _! cont5ts3 & ?is "t we employ$ mo/ indu/ri\sly1 pass+ ?r\gh ! ap>tm5ts ) pa9ful rapidity4 ,no soon] 7 we attract$ by a room1 or int]e/$ 9 a picture1 ?an we 7 hurri$ on to ano!r1 & ano!r1 & ano!r ap>tm5t1 until our faculties 7 tir$1 & our eyes satiat$ ) ! brilliant display4 ,_m ( ! pictures are v l>ge2 & x appe>$1 f ! del9eations on "s ( ! l>g] ones1 :i* 7 9 an unf9i%$ /ate1 t ! canvas 0 hang+ on ! wall :]e ! pictures n[ are :5 !y 7 pa9t$4 ,mo/ ( ! pictures are battle sc5es1 f ,clovis1 ,*>lemagne1 & ! crusad]s1 d[n to ,napoleon's wond]ful c>e]1 & ev5 to ! w> 9 ,alg]ia4 ,! figures are ( su* dim5sions z g5]ally to appe> ( ! size ( life1 not)/&+ ! di/ance & elevation f :i* !y are se54 ,x is pa9ful to obs]ve h[ l>ge a "p ( human ef=t has be5 exp5d$ ^u w>4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m pictures ( quiet sc5es1 & an imm5se numb] ( portraits4 ,al?\gh ! productions ( ! ,fr5* p5cil are "h ( unequal excell5ce1 !re are c]ta9ly among !m no small numb] ( f9e pictures4 ,"h also we see a va/ collection ( /atues 9 m>ble & ( ca/s 9 pla/]1 & a great s]ies ( m$als & co9s4 ,! pictures ( royal resid5ces repres5t _m t no long] exi/1 & ) !m are illu/rations ( ! co/umes ( pa/ times4 ,"s ( ! gall]ies 9 ! palace are ?ree hundr$ feet long1 & are fill$ ) /atu>y4 ,9 ord] to see all ! works ( art1 x is necess>y to walk ?ree or f\r miles4 8,we look$ into ! private !at] & *apel4 ,pray]s & div9e s]vice 7 held 9 ! "o1 & plays act$ = ! royal ent]ta9m5t 9 ! o!r2 & "h memb]s ( ! royal family sometimes appe>$ on ! /age4 ,! confessional ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 is a small room1 by ! side ( :i* is a w9d[1 :]e a soldi] 0 always /ation$ :ile ! k+ 0 at confession2 & ! v *air 9 :i* 8 confessor1 ,pre la ,*aise1 sat1 & ! v cu%ion on :i* ,l\is ,,xiv4 kneel$1 are "h 9 _! places4 ,/range infatuation6 ,! confessor :o urg$ & obta9$ ! revocation ( ! edict ( ,nantes1 :i* 0 to let loose ! dogs ( p]secution ^u ! ,prote/ants1 & ! pliable mon>* :o yield$ himself to lic5se ?is cruel "w ( dea? on ?\s&s1 & ( bani%m5t ^u _m ?\s&s m1 c\ld "h meet 9 a private act ( devotion1 :ile !y 7 ab\t to violate ! fir/ laws ( humanity6 ,! b$ 9 :i* ! k+ slept1 & 9 :i* he di$1 is /ill to be se5 9 8 b$room1 & no "o has s9ce slept 9 t room4 ,! private room ( ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 que5 ( ,l\is ,,xvi41 has a small door 9 ! side1 ?r\gh :i* ! que5 escap$ 9 ,octob]1 #aghi1 :5 ! palace 0 =c$4 ,?r\gh ?is door %e 0 compell$ to fly 9 h] night dress1 :ile a fai?ful (fic] ( h] gu>d 0 kill$ on ! spot4 ,all ^! melan*oly places we saw1 & also ! gall]y 9 :i* ! k+ & que5 & _! *ildr5 appe>$1 ,octob] six?1 #aghi1 to appease ! fury ( ! ,p>isian mob1 _m ?\s&s ( :om fill$ ! imm5se c\rt ( ! palace y>d4 ,9 ?is gall]y ,la ,fayette also appe>$ ) !m1 & 9 sight ( ! p kiss$ ! que5's h&1 to te/ify 8 loyalty & fidelity4 ,x requir$ no small %>e ( c\rage & firmness ?us to appe> z ! fri5d & protector ( ! royal pair1 & _! *ildr51 9 ! face ( an infuriat$ multitude4 ,?is palace is associat$ ) _m o!r int]e/+ ev5ts4 ,9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 x 0 ! sc5e ( m spl5dor ?an any palace 9 ,europe4 ,& ?\gh = a "t neglect$ aft] ! flight ( ,l\is ,philippe1 yet m rec5tly "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,l\is ,napoleon1 x has be5 adorn$ & re/or$ 9 a v lavi% & exp5sive mann]4 ,i _h no opportunity to see ! spl5did play ( ! wat]s3 ! f\nta9s 7 und]go+ repair2 besides1 !y play only on ,sundays1 :i* is ! great gala day ( ! ,fr5*1 & :5 va/ numb]s ( p1 z 9 pa/ times1 resort to ,v]sailles = amusem5t4 ,9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 ,,xv41 & ,,xvi41 !re 7 "h ext5sive milit>y e/abli%m5ts1 :i* are n[ 9 decay4 ,!re 0 a manufactory ( arms1 :i* produc$ annually fifty ?\s& /&s2 b x 0 plund]$ by ! ,prussians1 :5 ! allies took ,p>is 9 #ahad4 ,! c\rt ( ! palace measures eight hundr$ feet by five hundr$1 & is pav$1 z ! c\rts ( ! ,fr5* palaces g5]ally are4 ,9 ?is c\rt !re are /atues ( great m51 ,colb]t1 ,tur5ne1 & o!rs1 ( ultra-colossal size4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! c\rt !re is an eque/rian /atue ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 also ( enorm\s dim5sions4 ,v]sailles1 n\ri%$ by ! p[]1 influ5ce & money ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 became a spl5did city ( "o hundr$ ?\s& p2 b ! population has n[ dw9dl$ to ?irty ?\s&4 ,l\is ,,xvi4 0 an excell5t me*anic3 happy _h x be5 = him _h a %op in/ead ( a ?rone be5 8 lot4 ,we saw a good door-lock ( 8 con/ruction1 :i* 0 /ill s]viceable2 & !re is yet to be se5 a brass m]idian made by him1 & inlaid 9 ! floor4 ,sev]al ( ! royal c>riages are "h 9 a p]fect /ate ( pres]vation4 ,!y are gorge\s 9 ! extreme1 be+ all cov]$ massively ) gild$ c>v+1 & sup]bly l9$40 ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,/4 ,,cl\d4 8,?is spl5did palace is close ^u ! ,se9e1 at a po9t :]e t riv] takes a graceful curve1 &1 9 ! c\rse ( sev]al miles1 is cross$ by num]\s bridges ( /one1 elegantly ar*$1 & ( ! mo/ solid con/ruction4 ,! l&scape is "h v ri* & picturesque4 ,b>racks ( sup]ior con/ruction1 & o!r h&some build+s1 rise on ! slope ( a hill f ! riv]1 & ! palace cr[ns ! summit4 ,! palace ( ,/4 ,cl\d 0 f\nd$ 9 #aegb1 by a ri* f9anci]4 ,9 #afeh1 x 0 pur*as$ by ,l\is ,,xiv4 = 8 bro!r1 ! ,duke ( ,orleans1 :o adorn$ x exp5sively4 ,9 #aghb1 ,l\is ,,xvi4 b\ght x = 8 que51 ,m>ie ,anto9ette4 ,x 0 a favorite place ) h]1 z x 0 subsequ5tly ) ,napoleon & ,joseph9e4 ,! pr9cipal front is "o hundr$ & =ty feet long & sev5ty feet high4 ,important ev5ts h happ5$ "h4 ,9 ?is palace ,h5ry ,,iii4 0 assass9at$ by ,jacques ,clem5t1 9 #aehi1 & our guide assur$ u1 t a place 9 ! long room1 :i* he indicat$1 0 ! v spot :]e ! de$ 0 done4 ,h5rietta1 ! que5 ( ,*>les ,i4 ( ,engl&1 di$ "h4 ,"h ,napoleon1 ,novemb] t5?1 #agii1 complet$ ! subjugation ( ! !n exi/+ gov]nm5t1 disp]s$ ! memb]s ( ! c\ncil ( anci5ts1 :om he _h adj\rn$ to ?is place f ,p>is1 & assum$ ! re9s himself4 ,9 ?is place1 ! capitulation ( ,p>is 0 sign$ 9 #ahae4 ,"h ,*>les ,x41 9 #ahcj1 0 in=m$ ( ! explosion ( ! revolution2 & "h ,l\is ,philippe re/$ a %ort "t1 dur+ 8 flight f ,p>is 9 #ahdh4 8,we h se5 no?+ 9 ,europe s delightful z ?is palace4 ,its situation is spl5did2 be+ elevat$ high ^u ! side ( a hill ris+ f ! ,se9e1 x ov]looks ,p>is1 & all ! popul\s & mo/ beautiful c\ntry ar\nd2 ! ,se9e w9ds gracefully along ?r\gh ! mead[s1 & appe>s wid] ?an at ,p>is1 :]e x is n>r[$ by ! quays & o!r /ructures ( ! city4 ,! views into ! p>k are v f9e on all sides ( ! palace2 9 ! int]ior ! gr\nd rises1 & vi/as op5 up ! gre5 slope1 ) a long av5ue ( /atues /&+ 9 ! op5 air 9 "o direction1 & a t[] 9 ! di/ance 9 ano!r1 :ile a noble p>k ( old & l(ty =e/ trees1 /ret*es ov] ! flat gr\nd 9 front1 q to ! riv]4 ,9 ! int]ior ( ! palace1 ev]y?+ is 9 ! be/ ta/e4 ,! furniture ( ! rooms rema9s z x 0 left by ,joseph9e1 ,m>ia ,l\isa1 & ! family ( ,l\is ,philippe4 ,! ,du*ess ( ,orleans1 daught]-9-law ( ! late k+1 pass$ mu* "t "h ) h] *ildr51 & _! b$s1 z well z t ( ,l\is ,philippe & 8 que51 rema9 undi/urb$1 ) _! ri* silk curta9s & cov]s4 8,! pictures at ,/4 ,cl\d are v num]\s1 & are lovely exhibitions ( t almo/ creative art4 ,!y are all drawn f quiet sc5es1 su* z mu/ ev] rema9 grateful to ! human m9d4 ,among ! hundr$s ( pictures by ! fir/ ma/]s t adorn ^! walls1 !re is n a s+le battle-piece4 ,9 ?is respect1 ,/4 ,cl\d pres5ts a /rik+ & v agreeable contra/ ) ! c>nage t crimsons ! long gall]ies ( ,v]sailles4 ,l\is ,philippe s\ght1 9 t palace1 to gratify ! national avidity = glory1 by multiply+ battle-sc5es 9 :i* ! arms ( ,france _h be5 triumphant1 & by depict+ ! p]sons ( h] h]oes1 until ! tir$ eye t gazes on !m is satiat$ ) gorge\s co/ume1 & ! m9d afflict$ ) human suff]+4 ,at ,/4 ,cl\d a m amiable feel+ 0 *]i%$1 z appe>s by ! *>m+ pictures ( rural sc5]y1 ( mild & spl5did l&scapes1 ( peaceful build+s1 abodes ( happy dome/ic life1 sc5es liv+ & real1 & ev] grateful4 ,z ! private rooms 9 :i* ! successive royal families liv$1 are ri* 9 elegant simplicity1 9 a /yle ( *a/e beauty1 !y are 9 /rong contra/ ) ! rooms ( /ate1 :i* are extremely magnific5t1 & adorn$ by a pr(usion ( pr9cely decorations4 ,_! domes are all alive ) ! imag9>y be+s ( fabul\s antiquity4 ,gods & goddesses1 & muses & nymphs1 & a multitude ( creations ( poetic fancy & records ( old leg5ds1 decorate ! ceil+s4 ,a pr9cipal ornam5t ( ! public rooms is ! ,gobel9 tape/ry1 manufactur$ & hung by ord] ( ,l\is ,philippe4 ,all t ,i _h se5 be=e at ,w9dsor ca/le1 or at ,bl5heim palace1 fades 9 comp>ison ) ! ri* decorations ( ! ,gobel9 looms1 :i* adorn ! public halls ( ,/4 ,cl\d4 ,^! textile pictures are p]fectly beautiful1 & f _! magnitude & ! augu/ p]sonages ( ! hi/orical dramas :i* !y pres5t s impressively to ! eye1 !y are sublime4 ,no "o view+ !m f ! di/ance across ! room1 w\ld ev5 suspect t !y are any?+ else ?an ! mo/ p]fect productions ( ! p5cil1 & ev5 :5 ! obs]v] approa*es !m1 x is n easy to conv9ce himself t ! spl5did illusion is produc$ by ! int]weav+ ( color$ wool5 & silk5 ?reads4 ,five ( ! sc5es "h depict$ 9 ,gobel9 tape/ry are copi$ f orig9al pa9t+s /ill exi/+ 9 ! ,l\vre1 execut$ by ,rub5s1 = ,m>ie de ,m$icis4 ,! fir/ is ! duke ( ,anj\1 decl>$ k+ ( ,spa9 7,philip ,v47 ,! second ( ^! pictures1 :i* is n less ?an tw5ty-five feet squ>e1 is ! bir? ( ,m>ie de ,m$icis2 ! ?ird is ! pres5tation ( h] picture to ,h5ry ,v42 ! f\r?1 8 m>riage ) h]2 ! fif? repres5ts 8 dep>ture f 8 capital1 & ! committ+ ( ! gov]nm5t to ! c>e ( ! que54 ,we saw also mo/ magnific5t vases ( ,svres porcela93 "o ( !m 0 pres5t$ to ,m>ia ,anto9ette2 x mu/ h be51 ,i believe1 five feet high )\t ! p$e/al1 & ( ! capacity ( a b>rel or two4 ,we h no?+ 9 ,am]ica t c convey a full impression ( ^! sup]b productions ( ! pla/ic art4 ,!y are model$ aft] ! =ms ( ! mo/ beautiful ,etruscan vases2 ! mo/ p]fect purity ( ! porcela9 mat]ial is contra/$ ) ! f9e/ ef=ts ( ! p5cil1 9 ! pictures1 :i* be+ incorporat$ by ! fire1 are indissolubly w$d$ to ! basis on :i* !y are del9eat$1 & !y are respl5d5t ) gold & blue enamel ( cobalt4 ,"o is at a loss :i* mo/ to admire1 ! productions ( ! ,gobel9 looms or ^? ( ! ,svres furnaces4 8,! floors ( ! palace1 accord+ to ! g5]al cu/om 9 ,fr5* h\ses1 are made ( pieces ( bo>ds4 ,!y r>ely exce$ six in*es 9 wid?1 & are ta/efully dispos$ 9 v>i\s geometrical figures4 ,all ! floors t we h se5 9 ,p>is1 except "s t are cov]$ by c>pets1 are kept wax$2 ! wax+ is r5ew$ daily1 & !y are s smoo? z to appe> haz>d\s to ^? unaccu/om$ to walk ^u !m4 ,! floors ( ! palace ( ,/4 ,cl\d h be51 h]et(ore1 cov]$ by ,gobel9 c>pets1 :i*1 at ! "t ( our visit1 7 roll$ & put away = safe keep+4 ,we saw ! c\ncil table ( ,napoleon & ,l\is ,philippe1 memorable = ! delib]ations :i* h be5 held ov] its bo>ds4 ,/4 ,cl\d 0 ! favorite place ( consultation on matt]s ( peace & w>2 "h ,napoleon plann$ "s ( 8 campaigns2 "h ,l\is ,philippe pass$ mu* "t ) 8 family1 & 8 daught]-9-law1 ! ,du*ess ( ,orleans1 f\nd a quiet retreat ) h] little son1 ! ,c\nt de ,p>is1 :om %e 9 p]son pres5t$ 9 ! legislative hall dur+ ! revolution ( #ahdh4 ,h] husb&1 ! ,duke ( ,orleans1 presumptive heir to ! ?rone1 hav+ be5 kill$ by a my/]i\s provid5ce1 %e naturally hop$ t ! legislature w\ld ackn[l$ge ! claims ( h] son1 f\nd$ on bo? ^? ( 8 fa!r & 8 gr&fa!r ,l\is ,philippe2 b all ! _w kn[s t %e 0 disappo9t$1 & 0 fa9 to retreat & seek protection = h] *ild & h]self4 ,!re 0 a deep feel+ ( p5siv5ess connect$ ) our visit to ,/4 ,cl\d2 clos$ n[ z x is & q solit>y1 )\t a s+le individual rema9+ ( ^? :o =m]ly figur$ !re2 x 0 to u an in/ructive mem5to ( ! vanity ( human glory4 ,! spl5did ap>tm5ts rema91 ) all _! furniture & decorations 9 p]fect ord]4 ,! solit>y *apel1 *a/ely elegant1 al?\gh grave 9 its ar*itecture1 seem$ all ready & wait+ = ! arrival ( wor%ip]s2 & ! entire palace1 ) its beautiful gr\nds1 impresses "o almo/ ) ! belief1 t k+s & que5s1 & c\rti]s & nobles1 & gue/s ( r5[n1 w soon return & give life & joy to ^? vacant sc5es2 b alas1 except "s few memb]s ( ! family ( ,l\is ,philippe & ( ,napoleon1 all are gone to ! tomb4 ,! dread$ conqu]or ( nations f\nd 8 second prison & 8 grave on a bleak rock1 9 ! ocean1 & 8 f9al tomb among ^? invalids :om1 9 _! y\?1 he l$ to fields ( battle & victory4 ,joseph9e1 once an ornam5t ( ,/4 ,cl\d1 z %e 0 ( e sc5e 9 :i* %e presid$1 w5t ) a brok5 he>t f ,malmaison to h] grave4 ,an old man1 our guide ?r\gh ! palace1 said to u1 #8,i h be5 ?irty ye>s "h1 & ,i h se5 ?ree mon>*s expell$ f ?is palace & f _! ?rones4' ,i h omitt$ to m5tion ! l>ge libr>y ( ,l\is ,philippe1 :i* /ill rema9s at ,/4 ,cl\d1 undi/urb$ & 9 p]fect ord]4 ,x is my impression t ! numb] ( volumes 0 /at$ at twelve ?\s&40 ,,! ,,cry/al ,,palace ,,9 ,,new ,,york4 ,turn+ n[ f palaces con/ruct$ = ! k+s & mon>*s ( ! e>?1 let u pass to palaces re>$ = ! exhibition ( ! works ( indu/ry & art ( ! p4 ,& ! fir/ ( ^! :i* we w notice is ! cry/al palace 9 ,new ,york4 ,?is spl5did /ructure1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut bel[1 0 erect$ = ! exhibition ( ! indu/ry & art ( all nations4 ,?is magnific5t build+ 0 erect$ on ,res]voir squ>e1 at ! nor!rn extremity ( ! city ( ,new ,york1 f plans furni%$ by ,messrs4 ,c>/5s5 & ,gild]mei/]4 ,! build+ is n[ /&+1 & is fill$ ) ! works ( indu/ry & art f e "p ( ! globe4 ,its ma9 features are z foll[s4 ,x is1 ) ! exception ( ! floor1 entirely con/ruct$ ( iron & glass4 ,! g5]al idea ( ! edifice is t ( a ,greek cross1 surm\nt$ by a dome at ! int]section4 ,ea* diamet] ( ! cross is ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five feet & five in*es long4 ,!re are ?ree entrances1 ea* =ty-sev5 feet wide1 & "o ( :i* is approa*$ by a flight ( eight /eps4 ,ov] ea* front is a l>ge semicircul> fan-light1 =ty-"o feet wide & tw5ty-"o feet high1 answ]+ to ! ar* ( ! nave4 ,ea* arm ( ! cross is on ! gr\nd-plan "o hundr$ & =ty-n9e feet broad4 ,?is is divid$ into a c5tral nave & two aisles1 "o on ea* side2 ! nave =ty-"o1 ea* aisle fifty-f\r feet wide4 ,! c5tral portion or nave is c>ri$ up to ! hight ( sixty-sev5 feet1 & ! semicircul> ar* by :i* x is spann$1 is =ty-"o feet broad4 ,!re are ?us 9 effect two ar*$ naves cross+ ea* o!r at "r angles1 =ty-"o feet broad1 sixty-sev5 feet high to ! cr[n ( ! ar*1 & ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five feet long2 & on ea* side ( ^! naves is an aisle fifty-f\r feet broad & =ty-five feet high4 ,! ext]ior ( ! ridgeway ( ! nave is sev5ty-"o feet4 ,ea* aisle is cov]$ by a gall]y ( its own wid?1 & tw5ty-f\r feet f ! floor4 ,! c5tral dome is "o hundr$ feet 9 diamet]1 sixty-eight feet inside f ! floor to ! spr+ ( ! ar*1 & "o hundr$ & eighte5 feet to ! cr[n2 & on ! outside1 ) ! lant]n1 "o hundr$ & =ty-n9e feet4 ,! ext]ior angles ( ! build+ are +5i\sly fill$ up ) a triangul> lean-to1 tw5ty-f\r feet high1 :i* gives ! gr\nd-plan an octagonal %ape1 ea* side or face be+ "o hundr$ & =ty-n9e feet wide4 ,at ea* angle is an octagonal t[] eight feet 9 diamet]1 & sev5ty-five feet high4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cry/al ,,palace ,,9 ,,new ,,york4 ,t5 l>ge & eight w9d+ /aircases connect ! pr9cipal floor ) ! gall]y1 :i* op5s on ! ?ree balconies t are situat$ ov] ! entrance hall1 & af=d ample space = fl[] decorations1 /atues1 vases1 c4 ,! t5 pr9cipal /aircases consi/ ( two flights ( /eps ) two l&+-places to ea*2 ! eight w9d+ /aircases are plac$ 9 ! octagonal t[]s1 :i* lead also to small balconies on ! tops ( ! t[]s & to ! ro( ( ! build+4 ,! build+ conta9s on ! gr\nd-floor1 "o hundr$ & elev5 ?\s& squ>e feet ( space1 & 9 its gall]ies1 :i* are fifty-f\r feet wide1 sixty-two ?\s& squ>e feet m1 mak+ a total area ( "o hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree ?\s& squ>e feet1 = ! purposes ( exhibition4 ,!re are ?us on ! gr\nd-floor two acres & a half1 or exactly two & fifty-two hundr$?s2 9 ! gall]ies1 "o acre & =ty-f\r hundr$?s2 total1 )9 an inconsid]able fraction1 f\r acres4 ,!re are on ! gr\nd-floor "o hundr$ & n9ety octagonal ca/-iron columns1 tw5ty-"o feet above ! floor1 & eight in*es 9 diamet]1 ca/ holl[1 ( diff]5t ?icknesses1 f half an in* to "o in*4 ,^! columns receive ! ca/-iron gird]s4 ,^! are tw5ty-six & "o-?ird feet long & ?ree feet high1 & s]ve to su/a9 ! gall]ies & ! wr\ght-iron con/ruction ( ! ro(1 z well z to brace ! :ole /ructure 9 e direction4 ,! gird]s1 z well z ! second-/ory columns1 are fa/5$ to ! columns 9 ! fir/ /ory1 by connect+ pieces ( ! same octagonal %ape z ! columns1 ?ree feet & f\r in*es high1 hav+ prop] flanges & lugs to fa/5 all pieces toge!r by bolts4 ,! numb] ( l[]-floor gird]s is two hundr$ & fifty-two1 besides twelve wr\ght-iron gird]s ( ! same hight1 & =ty-"o feet span ov] a "p ( ! nave4 ,! second /ory conta9s "o hundr$ & =ty-eight columns1 ( ! same %ape z ^? bel[1 & sev5te5 feet & sev5 in*es high4 ,^! receive ano!r ti] ( gird]s1 numb]+ "o hundr$ & sixty1 = ! support ( ! ro(s ( ! aisles1 ea* nave be+ cov]$ by sixte5 ca/-iron semicircul> ar*es1 ea* compos$ ( f\r pieces4 ,! dome w /rike e "o z ! gr& ar*itectural feature ( ! build+4 ,its diamet] is "o hundr$ feet1 & its hight to ! spr++ l9e is ne>ly sev5ty feet1 & to ! cr[n ( ! ar*1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree feet4 ,x is said to be ! l>ge/1 z well z almo/ ! only dome hi!rto erect$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is support$ by tw5ty-f\r columns1 :i* rise beyond ! second /ory1 & to a hight ( sixty-two feet above ! pr9cipal floor4 ,! sy/em ( wr\ght-iron trusses :i* connects !m toge!r at ! top1 & is support$ by !m1 =ms two conc5tric polygons1 ea* ( sixte5 sides4 ,!y receive a ca/-iron b$-plate1 to :i* ! ca/-iron %oes = ! ribs ( ! dome are bolt$4 ,! latt] are ?irty-two 9 numb]4 ,!y are con/ruct$ ( two curves ( d\ble angle iron1 securely connect$ toge!r by trellis-"w4 ,! requisite /ead9ess is secur$ by tie-rods1 :i* brace !m bo? v]tically & horizontally4 ,at ! top ! ribs are bolt$ to a horizontal r+ ( wr\ght & ca/ iron1 :i* has a diamet] ( tw5ty-feet 9 ! cle>1 & is surm\nt$ by ! lant]n4 ,z 9 ! o!r ro(s ( ! build+1 ! dome is cas$ ) mat*$ deal & t9 %ea?+4 ,light is communicat$ to ! int]ior ?r\gh ! lant]n1 & also 9 "p f ! sides1 :i* are pi]c$ = ?irty-two ornam5tal w9d[s4 ,^! are glaz$ ) /a9$ glass1 repres5t+ ! arms ( ! union & ( its sev]al /ates1 & =m no inconsid]able "p ( ! int]ior decoration4 ,! ext]nal walls ( ! build+ are con/ruct$ ( ca/-iron fram+ & panel-"w1 into :i* are ins]t$ ! sa%es ( ! w9d[s & ! l\v]s = v5tilation4 ,! glass is "o-eigh? ( an in* ?ick1 & 0 manufactur$ at ! ,jackson glass works1 ,new ,york1 & aft]w>d enamel$ by ,coop] ,bel*]1 ( ,campt[n1 ,n4 ,j4 ,! enamel1 ) :i* ! :ole ( x is cov]$1 is laid ^u ! glass ) a bru%1 & aft] dry+1 is subject$ to ! int5se heat ( a kiln1 by :i* ! coat+ is vitrifi$1 & r5d]$ z durable z ! glass itself4 ,x produces an effect simil> to t ( gr\nd glass1 be+ transluc5t1 b n transp>5t4 ,! sun's rays1 diffus$ by pass+ ?r\gh x1 yield an agreeable light1 & are depriv$ ( t heat & gl>e :i* belong to !m 9 ?is climate4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a simil> precaution 9 ! cry/al palace at ,hyde p>k1 9 ,engl&1 7( :i* an acc\nt w next be giv517 ! ro(s ( :i*1 z well z walls1 7 inclos$ ) transp>5t glass1 x 0 f\nd necess>y to cov] ! int]ior ( ! build+ ) canvas1 to produce ! requir$ %ade4 ,at ea* angle ( ! build+ !re is an octagonal t[]1 eight feet 9 diamet] & sev5ty-six feet 9 hight4 ,^! conta9 w9d+ /airways1 :i* lead to ! gall]ies & ro(s1 & 7 int5d$ = ! use ( ! (fic]s & employees ( ! association4 ,twelve broad /aircases1 "o on ei!r side ( ea* entrance1 & f\r b5ea? ! dome1 connect ! pr9cipal floor ) ! gall]y4 ,! latt] are circul> 9 "p1 & consi/ ( two flights ( /eps ) two l&+-places4 ,! floor+ ( ! gall]ies is made ( closely mat*$ planks1 :ile ^? =m+ ! floor ( ! fir/ /ory are sep>at$ by n>r[ int]vals1 9 ! same mann] & = ! same purpose z 9 ! ,london build+4 ,ov] ea* ( ! pr9cipal entrance halls1 ! gall]ies op5 ^u balconies1 :i* af=d ample space = plac+ fl[]s1 vases & /atues = decoration4 ,above ! balconies1 ! ends ( ! naves are adorn$ ) l>ge fan-lights1 correspond+ to ! semicircul> ar*es )94 ,on ea* side ( ! entrances !re are ticket (fices1 & adjac5t to !m rooms are provid$ = ! (fic]s ( ! association1 telegraph1 c4 ,! rapid & unexpect$ increase ( ! applications ( exhibitors1 induc$ ! association to erect a l>ge addition to ! build+ already describ$4 ,x consi/s ( two p>ts1 ( "o & two /ories respectively1 & occupies ! entire space betwe5 ! ma9 build+ & ! res]voir4 ,its l5g? is f\r hundr$ & fifty-"o feet & five in*es1 & its extreme wid? is sev5ty-five feet4 ,x is design$ = ! reception ( ma*9]y 9 motion1 ! cab9ets ( m9+ & m9]alogy1 & ! refre%m5t rooms1 ) _! necess>y (fices4 ,! second /ory1 :i* is ne>ly f\r hundr$ & fifty feet long1 tw5ty-"o feet wide1 & ext5ds ! :ole l5g?1 is entirely devot$ to ! exhibition ( pictures & /atu>y4 ,x is light$ f a skylight1 f\r hundr$ & n9ete5 feet long1 & eight feet & six in*es wide4 ,! decorations ( ! build+ 7 intru/$ to ,h5ry ,gre5\gh1 ,esq41 bro!r ( ! lam5t$ sculptor ( ! same "n4 ,mr4 ,gre5\gh has made art 8 /udy1 & 9 its pursuit has resid$ long 9 ,italy4 ,! lead+ idea 9 ! plan ( decoration1 has be5 to br+ out ! beautiful con/ruction ( ! build+2 to decorate con/ruction r ?an to con/ruct decoration4 ,to d ?is1 & at ! same "t to pres]ve a g5]al h>mony ( effect1 has giv5 ,mr4 ,gre5\gh ample opportunity to display 8 k ( ! res\rces ( 8 art4 ,! result is surpris+ly beautiful4 ,! colors employ$ on ! ext]ior are mix$ 9 oil1 ! base be+ ! :ite lead manufactur$ by ! ,bellville ,company4 ,! ext]ior pres5ts ! appe>ance ( a build+ con/ruct$ ( a light-color$ bronze1 ( :i* all features purely ornam5tal are ( gold4 ,! int]ior has a prevail+ tone ( buff1 or ri* cream color1 :i* is giv5 to all ! ca/-iron con/ructive "w4 ,?is color is reliev$ by a mod]ate & judici\s use ( ! ?ree positive colors1 r$1 blue & yell[1 9 _! sev]al t9ts ( v]milion1 g>net1 sky-blue & orange1 7c]ta9 p>ts ( ! ornam5tal "w be+ gilt17 to accord ) ! arrangem5t ( colors employ$ 9 ! decoration ( ! ceil+s4 ,! only exceptions to ! use ( oil colors are ! ceil+s ( ! ,am]ican lean-to & ! dome2 ^! decorations are execut$ on canvas4 ,! effect ( ! int]ior ( ! dome1 7design$ by ,sr4 ,monte ,lilia17 is p>ticul>ly spl5did4 ,! rays f a gold5 sun1 at ! c5t]1 desc5d betwe5 ! lattic$ ribs1 & arabesques ( :ite & blue1 reliev$ by silv] />s1 surr\nd ! op5+s4 ,! build+ is suppli$ ) gas & wat] 9 e "p4 ,! gas 01 at fir/1 design$ = ! use ( ! police1 9 protect+ ! prop]ty by night2 b 0 s arrang$ t n[1 :5 ! build+ is op5$ 9 ! ev5+s1 x af=ds ! mo/ ample light ?r\gh\t ! entire edifice4 ,! wat] is accessible at num]\s po9ts1 ) conv5i5ce = dr9k+1 also = ! atta*m5t ( hose1 9 case ( fire4 ,! :ole quantity ( iron employ$ 9 ! con/ruction am\nts to eighte5 hundr$ tuns2 ( :i* ?ree hundr$ tuns are wr\ght & fifte5 hundr$ tuns ca/ iron4 ,! quantity ( glass is fifte5 ?\s& panes1 or fifty-five ?\s& squ>e feet4 ,! quantity ( wood us$ am\nts to sev5 hundr$ & fifty ?\s& feet1 bo>d measure4 ,! g5]al mode ( erection by base pieces1 columns1 connect+ pieces & gird]s1 is ! same ) t ( ! great ,hyde p>k build+1 b ! con/ruction ( ! ar*$ nave1 & ( ! dome1 is ( c\rse entirely peculi>1 & ! g5]al effect ( ! build+ is completely diff]5t4 ,! ,london build+ 0 c]ta9ly defici5t 9 ar*itectural effect4 ,! =m ( ! ,new ,york edifice af=ds ! requisite scope = a pleas+ v>iety ( embelli%m5ts1 by :i* all monotony c be avoid$1 & all[s a v economical use ( ! gr\nd4 ,! dome1 indep5d5t ( its effect 9 ! int]ior arrangem5t ( ! edifice1 w give hight & maje/y to ! ext]ior4 ,to complete ! explanation ( ! con/ruction ( ! build+1 we recapitulate its pr9cipal dim5sions4 ,ft4 ,94 ,f pr9cipal floor to gall]y floor1 #bd ,f pr9cipal floor to top ( second ti] ( gird]s1 #dd #d ,f pr9cipal floor to top ( ?ird ti] ( gird]s1 #ei #aj ,f pr9cipal floor to ridge ( nave1 #fg #d ,f pr9cipal floor to top ( b$-plate1 #fi #aa ,f pr9cipal floor to top ( upp] r+ ( dome1 #abc #f ,f ,six? av5ue curb-/one to top ( lant]n1 #aea ,f ,six? av5ue curb-/one to top ( t[]s1 #gf #i ,area ( fir/ floor1 #aeg1aie squ>e feet4 ,area ( second floor1 #ib1dif squ>e feet4 ------- ,total area1 #bdi1fib or #e acres4 ,! magnitude ( ^! proportions alone1 is calculat$ to excite feel+s ( pr(\nd awe 9 ! spectator's m9d2 & :5 we see add$ ! gorge\s b subdu$ *romatic decoration ) :i* ! int]ior is ornam5t$1 & ! innum]able works ( art & indu/ry ) :i* x is s ri*ly fill$1 we may well be pr\d ( an erection :i* is de/9$ to conf] la/+ honor on ! ,am]ican "n4 ,x 0 to be hop$ t ?is spl5did build+1 fill$ ) ! products ( ! indu/ry & art ( all nations1 might h rema9$ p]man5tly 9 ,new ,york1 to be an ornam5t to ! city1 & a museum = ! ent]ta9m5t & in/ruction ( visitors f e "p ( ! c\ntry & ! _w2 b s9ce ! above 0 writt51 x has be5 decid$ t ! build+ is to be tak5 d[n1 ei!r = removal to "s o!r place1 or = ! sale ( its mat]ials4 ,,! ,,cry/al ,,palace ,,9 ,,london4 ,hav+ spok5 ( ! ,new ,york cry/al palace1 we n[ pass to ! cry/al palace ( ,london1 :i* prec$$ ! =m] 9 ! ord] ( "t1 & f> surpass$ x 9 size & magnific5ce4 ,?is spl5did build+1 erect$ = ! great exhibition ( #ahea1 0 locat$ on ! s\? side ( ,hyde p>k1 ne> ! ,k5s+ton road1 9 a position highly favorable 9 all respects to its int5d$ objects4 ,! con/ruction ( ! edifice pres5t$ n a few difficulties4 ,! build+ committee1 compris+ "s ( ! lead+ ar*itects & eng9e]s ( ,great ,brita91 adv]tis$ = plans to be pres5t$ = ! build+2 & z ! result1 no less ?an two hundr$ & =ty designs 7 laid be=e !m4 ,a l>ge "p ( ^! 7 at once put aside z utt]ly wor?less2 & !n f ab\t sixty1 :i* 7 ?\ght wor?y ( consid]ation1 ! committee proce$$ to prep>e a design :i* pleas$ nobody1 n ev5 !mselves4 ,?is plan1 h[ev]1 su* z x 01 0 decid$ ^u1 & adv]tisem5ts 7 issu$ = proposals to build x4 ,objections 7 at once rais$1 bo? aga9/ ! plan propos$1 & ! possibility ( its execution2 b :ile ! committee1 p]plex$ ) ! difficulties sugge/$1 7 d\bt+ :at !y %\ld d1 relief came to !m f an unexpect$ qu>t]1 :i* we mu/ g back a little to expla94 ,9 #ahci1 ,sir ,rob]t ,s*omburg1 a di/+ui%$ botani/1 9 go+ up ! riv] ,b]bice1 9 ,dem]>a1 _h discov]$ 9 ! /ill wat]s ( ! /ream1 a gigantic wat]-lily1 ( a %ape hi!rto unkn[n1 & _h transmitt$ "s ( its se$s to ,engl&1 :]e ! plant gr[+ f !m1 "u ! c>e ( ,joseph ,paxton1 ! head g>d5] ( ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire1 0 call$ ! ,victoria ,regia4 ,?is plant 0 ! occasion1 & 9 "s respects ! model = ! cry/al palace4 ,e means 0 adopt$ to place ?is wond]ful exotic 9 its accu/om$ circum/ances4 ,a tropical soil 0 =m$ = x1 ( burn$ loam & peat4 ,coal-heat 0 sub/itut$ = t ( ! tropical sun2 & by means ( a :eel1 a ripple1 l t ( its native riv]1 0 communicat$ to ! wat]s ( ! tank ^u :i* its broad leaves repos$ 9 beauty4 ,9 ^! circum/ances ! lily grew luxuriantly1 & ,mr4 ,paxton 0 oblig$ to plan an edifice capable ( hold+ x4 ,?is he 0 do+ j ab\t ! "t :5 ! committee 7 por+ we>ily ov] _! two hundr$ & =ty plans2 & 9 ,june1 he drew out a design = ! exhibition build+1 :i* _h be5 sugge/$ to 8 m9d :ile prep>+ an abode = ! ,victoria ,regia4 ,9 t5 days he _h complet$ 8 elevations1 sections1 work+ plans & specifications2 & ! :ole be+ submitt$ to ! inspection ( compet5t & influ5tial p]sons1 0 unanim\sly decl>$ to be practicable1 & ! only practicable s*eme pres5t$4 ,! design1 ?us prep>$1 0 next laid be=e ! contractors1 ,messrs4 ,fox ,h5d]son1 :o at once det]m9$ to submit a t5d] = ! con/ruction ( a build+ 9 accordance ) x4 ,& 9 a s+le week1 !y _h calculat$ ! am\nt & co/ ( e p\nd ( iron1 e pane ( glass1 e foot ( wood1 & e h\r ( labor1 :i* w\ld be requir$1 & 7 prep>$ ) an (f] & specifications = ! con/ruction ( ! edifice4 ,b "h arose a difficulty4 ,! committee _h adv]tis$ only = proposals = c>ry+ out _! own design2 b1 =tunately1 !y _h invit$ ! sugge/ion1 on ! "p ( contractors1 ( any improvem5ts on x2 & s ,mr4 ,paxton's plan 0 pres5t$ simply z 8an improvem5t0 ^u t ( ! committee1 ?\gh x _h n a s+le feature 9 common ) x4 ,?is1 ) c]ta9 modifications1 0 adopt$2 & ! result 0 ! celebrat$ cry/al palace1 ! fir/ ( ! "n1 & ! sugge/] ( all o!rs ( ! same g5]al "*--! great1 orig9al cry/al palace2 itself ! greate/ wond] ( ! mo/ wond]ful exhibition ! _w has ev] se56 ,! build+ consi/$1 or r /ill consi/s1 ( ?ree s]ies ( elevations1 ( ! respective hights ( sixty-f\r1 =ty-f\r1 & tw5ty-f\r feet1 int]sect$ at ! c5tral po9t ( meet+1 by a transept ( sev5ty-two feet 9 wid?1 hav+ a semicircul> ro( ris+ to ! hight ( "o hundr$ & eight feet 9 ! c5t]4 ,x ext5d$ 9 l5g? eighte5 hundr$ & fifty-"o feet f nor? to s\?1 or m ?an "o-?ird ( a mile1 ) a bread? ( f\r hundr$ & fifty-six feet on ! gr\nd2 ?us cov]+ a surface ( "s eighte5 acres1 or ne>ly d\ble ! ext5t ( ,wa%+ton squ>e 9 ,new ,york1 & exce$+1 by m ?an "o-half1 ! dim5sions ( ! ,p>k or ! ,batt]y4 ,! :ole re/$ ^u ca/-iron pill>s1 unit$ by bolts & nuts1 fix$ to flanges p]fectly true1 s t if ! socket 0 plac$ level1 ! columns & connect+ pieces c\ld n b /& upright2 & 9 po9t ( fact1 n a s+le crook$ l9e1 x is said1 0 discov]able 9 ! comb9ation ( su* an imm5se numb] ( pieces 9 ! build+ z fir/ erect$1 or z x n[ /&s4 ,= ! support ( ! columns1 holes 7 dug 9 ! gr\nd1 9 ea* ( :i* 0 plac$ a b$ ( concrete1 & ^u ?is re/$ ! iron sockets1 ( f ?ree to f\r feet 9 l5g?1 accord+ to ! level ( ! gr\nd2 to :i* sockets ! columns 7 firmly atta*$ by bolts & nuts4 ,at ! top1 ea* column 0 atta*$ by a gird] to its opposite column1 bo? longitud9ally & transv]sely1 s t ! :ole eighte5 acres ( pill>s 7 securely fram$ toge!r4 ,! ro(s1 ( :i* !re 7 five1 "o to ea* ( ! elevations1 7 con/ruct$ on ! ridge & furr[ pr9ciple1 & glaz$ ) %eets ( glass ( =ty-n9e in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! con/ruction w be easily und]/ood1 by imag9+ a s]ies ( p>allel r[s ( ! lett] ,v1 ext5d+ 7?us1 ,,vvv7 9 un9t]rupt$ l9es ! :ole l5g? ( ! build+4 ,! apex ( ea* ridge 0 =m$ by a wood5 sa%-b>1 ) not*es on ea* side = hold+ ! la?s 9 :i* ! edges ( ! glass 7 fitt$4 ,! bottom b>1 or raft]1 0 holl[$ at ! top1 s z to =m a gutt] to c>ry (f ! wat]1 :i* pass$ ?r\gh transv]se gutt]s into ! iron columns1 :i* 7 made holl[ s z to s]ve z wat]-pipes2 :ile 9 ! base ( ea* column a horizontal pipe 0 ins]t$ to convey ! accumulat$ wat] into ! sew]s4 ,! exhalations f s l>ge a surface1 f ! plants & f ! brea? ( ! innum]able visitors1 ris+ aga9/ ! glass & !re be+ cond5s$1 w\ld1 if ! ro( _h be5 flat1 h desc5d$ 9 ! =m ( a p]petual mi/1 or dropp+ ra92 b x 0 f\nd t f glass pit*$ at a p>ticul> angle1 ! moi/ure did n fall1 b w\ld glide d[n its surface4 ,! bottom b>s1 !re=e1 7 groov$ on ! inside1 ?us =m+ int]ior gutt]s1 by :i* ! moi/ure f\nd its way d[n ! int]ior ( ! columns1 & ?us ?r\gh ! dra9age pipes into ! sew]s4 ,^! groov$ raft]s1 ( :i* ! total l5g? 0 two hundr$ & five miles1 7 =m$ by ma*9]y1 at a s+le op]ation4 ,! l[] ti] ( ! build+ 0 bo>d$2 ! walls ( ! upp] portion be+ compos$1 l ! ro(1 ( glass4 ,v5tilation 0 provid$ = by ! basem5t portion be+ wall$ ) iron plates1 plac$ at an angle ( =ty-five degrees1 kn[n z luff]-bo>d+1 :i* admits ! air freely1 :ile x excludes ! ra94 ,a simil> provision 0 made at ! top ( ea* ti] ( ! build+2 ! plates all be+ s con/ruct$ t !y c\ld be clos$ at pleasure4 ,9 ord] to subdue ! int5se light 9 a build+ hav+ su* an imm5se ext5t ( glass surface1 ! :ole ro( & ! s\? side 7 cov]$ ) canvas1 :i* also preclud$ any possible injury f hail1 z well z r5d]$ ! edifice mu* cool] ?an x o!rwise w\ld h be54 ,9 ! con/ruction ( ! build+ ! utmo/ c>e 0 tak5 to give ea* "p ! /iffe/ & /ronge/ =m possible 9 a giv5 quantity ( mat]ial4 ,! columns 7 holl[2 & ! gird]s :i* unit$ !m 7 trellis-=m$4 ,! utmo/ weight :i* x 0 suppos$ any gird] w\ld be likely to h ^u x1 0 sev5 & a half tuns2 & n "o 0 us$ till aft] hav+ be5 te/$ to ! ext5t ( fifte5 tuns2 :ile ! break+ weight 0 calculat$ at ?irty tuns4 ,at fir/ sight x w\ld seem z if !re might be dang] t a build+ pres5t+ s va/ a surface to ! action ( ! w9d1 might be liable to be bl[n d[n1 or at lea/ =c$ out ( position4 ,b f ! mann] 9 :i* ! columns 7 fram$ toge!r1 !y c\ld n be ov]?r[n except by break+ !m2 & exp]im5ts %[$1 t 9 ord] to break ! "o ?\s& & sixty columns on ! gr\nd floor1 a =ce ( sixty-?ree hundr$ & sixty tuns mu/ be ex]t$1 at a hight ( tw5ty-f\r feet4 ,b ! greate/ =ce ( ! w9d kn[n1 is comput$ at tw5ty-two p\nds to ! sup]ficial foot2 s t assum+ ev5 a =ce ( tw5ty-eight p\nds1 & suppos+ a hurricane ) t mom5tum to /rike at once ! :ole side ( ! build+1 ! total =ce1 x 0 said1 w\ld be less ?an fifte5 hundr$ tuns1 n "o-f\r? :at ! build+ c\ld easily su/a91 indep5d5tly ( ! brac+s1 :i* add$ mat]ially to its /r5g?4 ,s t1 if any reliance at all c\ld be plac$ on !oretical eng9e]+1 !re c\ld1 x 0 said1 be no d\bt :atev] b t ! build+ w\ld be safe 9 ! mo/ viol5t tempe/4 ,! build+ be+ ?us erect$1 ! spectator ent]+ at ! ma9 ea/ or we/ entrance1 f\nd himself 9 a nave sixty-f\r feet 9 hight1 & sev5ty-two 9 bread?1 & ext5d+ )\t int]ruption ! :ole l5g? ( ! build+1 "o-?ird ( a mile4 ,p>allel ) ?is1 b int]rupt$ by ! transept 9 ! c5t]1 0 a s]ies ( side aisles1 ( =ty-eight & tw5ty-f\r feet 9 bread?1 & ) a hight ( =ty-f\r & tw5ty-f\r feet4 ,& ov] ! c5t] ( ! nave1 swell$ ! semicircul> ro( ( ! transept1 ov]>*+ ! /ately trees b5ea?2 ?us =m+ a gigantic gre5-h\se1 ) ! anci5t elms ( ! p>k 9 ! place ( g]aniums & rose-bu%es4 ,! :ole area ( ! gr\nd-floor 0 sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty-two ?\s&1 sev5 hundr$ & eighty-f\r squ>e feet1 & t ( ! gall]ies1 two hundr$ & sev5te5 ?\s&2 mak+ 9 all ne>ly a million squ>e feet1 to :i* %\ld be add$ five hundr$ ?\s& feet ( hang+ space1 available = ! display ( ! innum]able products ( human skill & labor1 t made ! exhibition "o ( ! mo/ wondr\s ( all ! wond]s ( ! _w4 ,!re 7 ?ree refre%m5t rooms2 "o 9 ! transept1 & "o ne> ea* end ( ! build+1 ar\nd ! huge trees ( ! p>k1 :i*1 z already said1 7 left /&+4 ,no w9e1 spirits or f]m5t$ liquors 7 all[$ to be sold1 b only tea1 c(fee & unf]m5t$ dr9ks2 :ile pure wat] 0 to be furni%$ gratis to all1 by ! lessees ( ! refre%m5t rooms4 ,z to ! decoration ( ! int]ior1 x may "h be add$1 t ! %afts ( all ! columns 7 pa9t$ yell[2 ! concave portions ( ! capitals1 blue2 ! "u sides ( ! gird]s1 r$2 & _! v]tical surfaces1 :ite4 ,we might dwell 9 detail on ! va/ collection ( ! products ( human indu/ry & art :i* fill$ ! int]ior ( ?is imm5se /ructure1 & made x ! resort ( visitors f e "p ( ! _w4 ,b ! hi/ory ( 8! great exhibition0 is famili> to mo/ if n all ( our read]s4 ,we w only add1 t among all ! wond]s ( ! cry/al palace1 no?+ 0 m wond]ful ?an its *eapness1 & ! rapidity ( its con/ruction4 ,possession ( ! site 0 obta9$ on ! ?irtie? ( ,july2 & 9 a p]iod ( "o hundr$ & =ty-five work+ days1 ! build+ 0 ma9ly complet$4 ,its co/ 0 less1 by ! cubic foot1 ?an an ord9>y b>n4 ,if x _h be5 us$ only = ! exhibition1 & at its close return$ to ! contractors1 its co/ w\ld h be5 n9e-sixte5?s ( a p5ny p] foot2 & if x _h be5 left rema9+ p]man5tly1 x w\ld h be5 b "o p5ny & "o-twelf? ( a p5ny p] foot4 ,! a/oni%+ fact1 t a build+ ( glass & iron1 includ+ ?irty-?ree million cubic feet1 & cov]+ eighte5 acres1 & af=d+ room = n9e miles ( tables1 %\ld h be5 complet$ 9 less ?an five mon?s f ! day :5 ! contract 0 ent]$ into1 at a co/ less ?an t ( ! humble/ hovel1 op5s a new era 9 ! art ( build+4 ,silliman1 9 8 late 8,visit to ,europe10 "u ! date ( ! tw5ty-n9? ( ,m>*1 #ahea1 says3 8,into ?is wond]ful & impos+ /ructure we h to-day m]ely made our entrance4 ,z we drove along ! ea/]n side ( ,hyde p>k1 on a bright & beautiful morn+1 ! spl5did vision caught our eyes1 z ! sunlight 0 ?r[n wide ar\nd by ?is imm5se mirror4 ,x 0 m]ely a glance t we took on ?is occasion1 res]v+ m delib]ate obs]vation = future opportunities4 ,x 0 n accessible1 z yet1 to visitors1 b by p>ticul> favor1 ?r\gh an introduction to "o ( ! manag]s1 we 7 admitt$ into ! int]ior4 ,x has become s famili>1 9 all its aspects1 to ! :ole _w1 t at ?is date1 aft] its complete developm5t1 any detail$ description w\ld be out ( place4 ,! g5]al impression made ^u u1 by our walks ?r\gh ?is /up5d\s cons]vatory ( ! arts1 0 t ( great spl5dor & magnific5ce4 ,x appe>$ a fairy palace1 l ! creations ( fable2 a build+ equally unique & orig9al 9 its /ructure2 orig9al1 also1 9 its be>+ ^u ! concord & amicable rivalry ( nations2 9 ?is respect ( mo/ auspici\s t5d5cy4 ,already ! consignm5ts ( ! _w are com+ 91 & to a great ext5t h actually arriv$4 ,african ,tunis s5ds its contributions1 & ev5 m remote c\ntries are beg9n+ to occupy ! l>ge space allott$ to !m4 ,! palace is s high z to cov] sev]al ( ! l>ge trees ( ,hyde p>k1 :]e x is erect$2 & we saw1 n )\t a %udd]1 a man dangl+ 9 ! air at ! end ( a rope ne> ! ro(1 at ! hight ( eighty feet4 ,he _h be5 drawn up simply by hold+ on ! end ( ! rope by 8 h&s1 & 0 :irl$ ar\nd & ar\nd1 until he rea*$ a plank almo/ 9 ! angle ( ! ro(1 :]e at la/ he 0 safely l&$40 ,& at a lat] date1 he adds3 8,al?\gh ,i h walk$ _m h\rs1 & ,i presume t5 miles 9 ?is imm5se /ructure1 ,i seem only to h begun to see x4 ,9 despair ( my ability to convey any adequate idea ( x1 ,i am almo/ dispos$ to pass x 9 sil5ce1 b ?is w\ld disappo9t ^? = :om ,i write4 ,pictures & descriptions ( ! build+ _h rea*$ ,am]ica be=e ,i left home1 & x is kn[n t its front ext5ds m ?an "o-?ird ( a mile1 besides its bran*es4 ,! area :i* x cov]s is eighte5 acres1 & "u its vault$ transept are includ$ "s l>ge & l(ty trees t 7 gr[+ 9 ! p>k4 ,s _m acc\nts ( its cont5ts1 & s _m views ( its =m1 bo? )9 & )\t1 h be5 s9ce publi%$1 t a bett] idea ( bo? c be obta9$ f num]\s s\rces1 ?an f any?+ t ,i c write4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 attempt no?+ m ?an "s g5]al rem>ks1 & w m5tion a few examples4 ,:5 we 7 "h 9 ,m>*1 ,i express$ my admiration ( ! g5]al design4 ,s f> z ,i "k x is novel4 ,exhibitions ( ! productions1 :e!r 9 nature or art1 ( p>ticul> c\ntries1 h (t5 be5 made1 & 9 "s c\ntries !y are annual1 z 9 ,france1 ,engl&1 & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b ,i believe x 0 res]v$ = ,pr9ce ,alb]t to orig9ate ! design ( invit+ all nations to br+ to "o place ! results ( _! indu/ry & skill1 & specim5s ( _! physical res\rces4 ,= obvi\s reasons1 no place 0 s prop] z ,london1 ! comm]cial metropolis ( ! _w1 & ,i suppose n[ conta9+ a great] population1 & c]ta9ly m weal?1 & ex]t+ m influ5ce on mank9d1 ?an any o!r city4 ,! invitation 0 a pl$ge ( univ]sal good-w1 & x has evid5tly t5d$ to produce k9d feel+s among ! nations4 ,in/ead ( new =tresses ( /one & iron1 in/ead ( walls & battlem5ts to protect ?is imm5se city f invasion1 !re rises 9 its gr& doma9 ( ,hyde p>k1 a cry/al palace1 ! temple ( arts & indu/ry4 ,x rose l an exhalation1 a magical illusion ( ! s5ses4 ,! frame-"w ( iron1 al?\gh /rong en\gh to su/a9 ! weight & to resi/ ! w9ds1 is s little app>5t to ! eye1 t ! cry/al palace appe>s a sea ( glass1 z 9 ! ,revelations1 #8,a sea ( glass l unto cry/al4' ,"o might dream1 z 9 ! #8,arabian ,nights1' ( su* a creation1 #89 ! visions ( ! night1 :5 deep sleep falle? ^u m51' & might f9d on wak+ t x 0 all an illusion1 :5 x w\ld vani% l ! fabric ( a dream1 & leave n a wreck beh9d4 ,b !re x /&s1 a spl5did reality1 & ) its widely ext5d$ transepts1 w+s & gall]ies1 has prov$ suffici5t to receive & protect ! ga!r$ ri*es ( mank9d4 8,i m5tion$ 9 my passage f ,b\logne1 t ,i 0 9 company ) a l>ge numb] ( ,fr5* p com+ ov] to see ! cry/al palace4 ,cr[ds ( all nations ?rong ?is palace2 fifty ?\s&1 or sixty ?\s&1 & sometimes sev5ty ?\s& 9 a day4 ,z y walk ab\t1 or ?read y\r way ?r\gh ! great masses ( human be+s t cr[d ! av5ues1 y may he> half ! languages ( ,europe1 & "s ( ^? ( ! ori5t4 ,i imag9$ t be=e our return f ! cont95t ! deluge ( nations w\ld h subsid$1 & ?is consid]ation 0 n )\t weight 9 induc+ u to pref] a late inspection ( ! spl5did wond]2 b 9 ?is p>ticul> we h be5 disappo9t$4 ,! numb]s :o daily resort to ! cry/al palace are undim9i%$3 x may be t !re are few] =eign]s1 b s9ce ! price has be5 r$uc$ to a %ill+1 ! c\ntry p come 91 p>5ts & *ildr51 & mo!rs ) _! infants2 /eamboats & c>s are cr[d$1 & x seems z if ! rural population ( ! k+dom 7 all ru%+ into ,london4 8,z to ! cont5ts ( ! palace1 x is impossible to enum]ate !m4 ,a m]e catalogue1 ) ! mo/ brief descriptive notices1 w\ld fill a l>ge volume4 ,i c only m5tion gr\ps ( ?+s1 ) "h & !re a p>ticul> in/ance4 ,! collection embraces ! useful z well z ! f9e arts4 ,all k9ds ( agricultural ma*9es are "h to be se51 & !re are se$s1 & specim5s ( crops1 all duly arrang$ & label$4 ,! ,am]ican dep>tm5t has be5 some:at und]valu$1 because x 0 n s spl5did1 & 0 less full ?an ! collections f "s o!r c\ntries1 b ev5 ! ,times1 :i* has g5]ally an unfri5dly be>+ 9 relation to our c\ntry1 has comm5d$ ! ,am]ican dep>tm5t on ! score ( utility4 ,inde$1 x 0 n reasonable to expect t a c\ntry occupi$ b two c5turies by civiliz$ p1 %\ld be able fully to compete ) nations :o h be5 civiliz$ = a ?\s& ye>s2 & our great di/ance1 & ! difficulty & exp5se ( transport+ articles across ! ocean1 & ( com+ ov] to look aft] !m1 mu/ h prev5t$ our appe>+ z we d at home1 9 ! great indu/rial exhibitions ( ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia & ,bo/on4 ,i h se5 su* ga!r+s at ,niblo's & ! ,ca/le ,g>d51 9 ,new ,york1 & 9 ,bo/on1 n only ( useful1 b ( elegant ?+s1 z ,i %\ld feel pr\d to see 9 ! ,am]ican dep>tm5t 9 ! cry/al palace4 ,two agricultural in/rum5ts are1 h[ev]1 spok5 ( z giv+ ! palm to ,am]ica above all competition4 ,i ref] to ! pl[ & ! reap+-ma*9e ( ,am]ican manufacture4 ,! pl[ is said to h atta9$ ! p]fection ( =m1 & ! reap+-ma*9e to be recomm5d$ by its great utility4 8,iron1 z x is ! mat]ial :i*1 m ?an o!rs1 7wood except$17 contributes indisp5sable aid to ! arts ( life1 occupies a conspicu\s place 9 ! exhibition4 ,its ores & its ca/+s1 & its wr\ght articles1 :e!r 9 a locomotive1 or ! hair-spr+ ( a *ronomet]1 :e!r 9 *a9-cables or a cambric ne$le1 are display$ 9 endless v>iety ( useful & beautiful =ms1 & 9 ?is dep>tm5t ,engl& ju/ly claims & fully proves h] prem95ce4 ,iron1 lead1 copp]1 bismu?1 z9c1 antimony1 & silv]1 gold & plat9um1 are conspicu\s "h4 ,engl& glories 9 h] t91 lead & copp]3 9 ! two latt] we c compete ) h]2 our lead is inexhau/ible1 & our native copp] ( ,lake ,sup]ior1 is unequal$ = abundance4 ,a l>ge mass ( x has be5 br\ght ov] = ! exhibition1 weigh+ _m ?\s& p\nds4 8,no?+ c exce$ ! beauty ( ! articles ( silv]1 :e!r ut5sils or ornam5ts1 :i* are expos$ to view 9 ! gall]y ( ! cry/al palace4 ,! mo/ graceful =ms bo? ( peaceful m51 & ( w>riors1 arm$ cap--pie2 & ( woman 9 ! v beau ideal ( h] lovel9ess1 are "h 9 pr(usion2 & if ,engl& excels 9 ^! articles 9 silv]1 ,france is n beh9d h]1 bo? 9 !m & 9 gild$ furniture1 & bronze1 z se5 9 all ! spl5dor & elegance ( ! %[ w9d[s ( ! ,palais ,royal4 ,! silv] extract$ f lead by ,patt9son's process is "h se5 9 piles s ri*1 ) a p]fect purity ( :it5ess1 & 9 scaly pyramids1 a k9d ( flaky m\nd1 t ! obs]v] looks on ) delight1 z also ^u ! same metal ca/ 9 pond]\s +ots4 ,"h is ! gold ( ,cali=nia1 "o brilliant mass weigh+ 9 value eight hundr$ p\nds /]l+1 equival5t to ne>ly f\r ?\s& doll>s4 ,!re are ?ree masses ( native ,sib]ian1 or ,russian plat9um1 weigh+ respectively tw5ty-"o1 tw5ty-?ree1 & tw5ty-five p\nds1 & _m wr\ght articles ( ! same metal4 ,! copp] ( ,russia1 9 ! =m ( mala*ite1 "h makes a great figure4 ,! same mat]ial :i* we saw 9 ! ,vatican1 & 9 ! palace ( ! k+ ( ,prussia1 9 ! =m ( magnific5t vases1 is "h se5 wr\ght into innum]able =ms ( beauty4 ,!re is ev5 a l>ge panel$ door fabricat$ entirely ( mala*ite4 ,( c\rse _m pieces are unit$ to af=d ! requisite mass4 ,!re are tables1 vases1 urns1 *airs1 settees1 c41 m\nt$ ) ! same ri* mat]ial4 ,! gems =m a conspicu\s ornam5t ( ! collection4 ,que5 ,victoria has loan$ h] l>ge/ diamond1 ) sev]al small] ones1 to be exhibit$1 & "h also are "s ( ! mo/ preci\s ( ! diamonds1 rubies1 sapphires1 topazes1 em]alds1 *rysob]yls1 opals1 & pe>ls ( ! regalia ( ,russia1 ,spa9 & ,india4 ,! ,duke ( ,devon%ire has an em]ald deposit$ by ,mr4 ,t5ant1 ne>ly two in*es 9 ! diagonal diamet]1 & two to ?ree in*es 9 l5g?2 x is ( surpass+ beauty1 be+ p]fectly cry/alliz$1 & ( ! mo/ int5se & uni=m grass-gre5 color4 ,!re is no end to ! bij\t]ie ( ! ,fr5*4 ,a case 9 ! gall]y is compos$ ( f\r pieces ( plate glass1 ea* betwe5 five & six feet long1 & f\r to five broad4 ,?is case is entirely fill$ ) elegant ornam5tal articles4 8,i c n pret5d to enum]ate ! m>bles1 granites1 porphyries1 s]p5t9es1 & o!r ar*itectural mat]ials1 nor ! piles ( m9]al coal1 & an?racite1 nor ! p]fect imitations ( beautiful & useful m9]al compositions1 su* z s]p5t9es1 v]d-antique1 porphyry1 & v]d-antique m>bles1 c4 ,! *emical products1 too1 ( great beauty1 are num]\s4 ,! cry/allizations ( c>bonate & bi-c>bonate ( soda1 ( alum1 ( ! prussiates1 yell[ & r$1 ( ! sulphate ( iron1 & ! sulphate ( copp]1 & sal-ammoniac1 are spl5did1 & ev9ce t ! *emical arts are n beh9d ! me*anical4 ,l>ge cakes ( metallic antimony are cry/alliz$ 9 beautiful f]n-l radiations4 8,france1 ,belgium1 ,holl&1 ,au/ria1 ,g]many1 ,prussia1 ,turkey1 ! ,b>b>y /ates1 ,egypt1 ,b]muda1 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ,canada1 ,au/ralia1 & o!r c\ntries1 h comb9$ to decorate ! cry/al palace4 ,sup]b silks h come f ! ea/1 & pictur$ /uffs1 %awls1 c>pets1 c41 f ,g]many2 ! antipodes h conspir$ to cr[n ! glori\s spectacle2 pla9 & useful mat]ials1 lea!r1 hemp1 ropes ( manilla grass & ( o!r fibr\s vegetables1 & glass & pott]y 9 _! v>ieties1 are n omitt$4 ,to give animation to ! sc5e1 /eam g5]at$ out ( doors is br\ght 9 ?r\gh conceal$ tubes & appli$ to ma*9]y4 ,cotton-g9s & pap]-mak+ ma*9es are at "w1 & ! palace res\nds ) ! noise ( actual & productive labor4 ,%ip models are pres5t$ 9 _m =ms1 especially %ips ( w>1 9 sections longitud9al & transv]se1 ) all _! int]ior /ructure4 ,life-boats & life-pres]v]s1 & 9 h>mony ) !m1 mirrors = light-h\ses2 b 9 contra/1 swords1 pi/ols1 revolv]s1 guns1 dirks & dagg]s1 & multi=m contrivances to d ! "w ( kill+ ! greate/ numb] ( m5 9 ! %orte/ "t2 su* are man's inconsi/5cies6 8,b "t w\ld fail to tell ( ! furniture1 ! c>riages1 ! musical in/rum5ts1 ! c]amic w>es1 & all ! c\ntless & indescribable ?rong ( articles :i* contribute _! effect 9 ! t\t ensemble ( ?is va/ /oreh\se ( ! nations4 ,! /atu>y arrang$ along ! naves is a conspicu\s & int]e/+ feature4 ,_m ( ! prom95t & m m]itori\s ( ^! m>bles1 h s9ce become s famili> f ! engrav+s 9 ! ,art ,j\rnal & o!r illu/rat$ works1 t x is ne$less at ?is late day to call att5tion to !m individually4 ,! fam\s ,amazon ( ,kiss1 ! same :i* 0 9 ,london1 is n[ ! mo/ rem>kable arti/ic object 9 ! ,am]ican cry/al palace4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ view is obta9$ f ! gall]ies ( ! mov+ masses ( human life bel[4 ,x is a panorama :]e multitudes are pass+ to & fro1 & soon are se5 no m1 fleet+ z ! jets-d'eau :i* sport among !m f liv+ f\nta9s1 t curl ov] & desc5d 9 graceful sweeps1 & seem to enliv5 ! /ately palms & o!r liv+ plants & trees :i* grace ! sc5e40 ,9 clos+ ?is ext5d$ notice ( ! cry/al palace1 we h>dly ne$ add1 t aft] ! close ( ! great exhibition1 x 0 tak5 d[n & remov$2 & t at pres5t1 x re>s its spl5did =m & /ately transepts 9 a new & m beautiful situation at ,syd5ham1 ) _m important additions & improvem5ts4 ,x n[ /&s 9 ! mid/ ( a magnific5t undulat+ p>k ( ?ree hundr$ acres1 surr\nd$ ) rural delights1 f\nta9s1 %ad$ walks & silvan temples2 :ile )91 x has be5 conv]t$ into a great p]man5t museum ( arts1 antiquities & sci5ce1 ) liv+ groves ( palms1 enliv5$ by s++ birds & sp>kl+ f\nta9s4 ,= eighte5 p5ce ! ,london artisan c visit x1 includ+ ! ride out & back ^u ! railway4 ,?is is be+ done by a private association at a co/ ( ne> f\r million doll>s4 ,,! ,,capitol ,,at ,,wa%+ton4 ,among ! public build+s at ,wa%+ton1 ! capital city ( ! nation1 ! fir/ 9 ar*itectural m]it1 & 9 po9t ( int]e/1 is ! ,capitol1 :i* conta9s ! halls ( ! national legislature1 ! supreme c\rt room1 c41 c4 ,?is build+ 7a view ( :i*1 z x w appe> :5 ! enl>gem5t n[ 9 progress is complet$1 is giv5 9 ! cut bel[7 is situat$ on an em95ce at ! ea/]n "p ( ! city1 ab\t sev5ty feet above tidewat]1 its ma9 front look+ t[>d ! we/4 ,z x 0 be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! alt]ations & improvem5ts n[ 9 progress1 x consi/$ ( a c5t] build+1 ) two w+s1 hav+ a total l5g? ( ?ree hundr$ & fifty-two feet1 & a dep? at ! w+s ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-"o feet4 ,! c5tral build+ conta9s a rotunda1 n9ety-six feet 9 diamet]1 & ! same 9 hight1 cr[n$ by a magnific5t dome :i* rises "o hundr$ & =ty-five feet f ! gr\nd4 ,! w+s1 z !y 71 7 ea* surm\nt$ by a flat dome4 ,! ea/]n front1 :i* 0 int5d$ = ! ma9 "o1 projects1 includ+ ! /eps1 sixty-five feet1 & is grac$ by a portico ( tw5ty-two ,cor9?ian columns1 ?irty feet 9 hight1 =m+ a colonnade "o hundr$ & sixty feet 9 l5g?1 pres5t+ "o ( ! mo/ comm&+ fronts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! we/]n front projects eighty-?ree feet1 includ+ ! /eps1 & is embelli%$ ) a recess$ portico ( t5 columns4 ,?is front1 ?\gh n s impos+1 9 itself1 z ! ea/]n1 comm&s ! f9e/ view any:]e to be _h 9 ,wa%+ton1 ov]look+ all ! c5tral & we/]n p>ts ( ! city1 & all ! pr9cipal public build+s4 ,on ! /eps ( ! ea/ front is a noble /atue ( ,columbus1 support+ a globe 9 8 out/ret*$ arm4 ,9 ! int]ior ( ! we/]n projection is ! libr>y ( ,congress1 a "p ( :i* 0 burn$ 9 ! w9t] ( #ahea-b4 ,be=e t ev5t x conta9$ ov] fifty ?\s& volumes4 ,x has be5 rebuilt s z to be fire-pro(4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,capitol ,,at ,,wa%+ton4 ,on ent]+ ! rotunda1 ! fir/ objects t /rike ! att5tion1 are ! pa9t+s :i* adorn ! walls4 ,!re are 8,! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce10 8,! ,surr5d] ( ,burgoyne10 8,! ,surr5d] ( ,cornwallis10 8,wa%+ton resign+ 8 ,commission10 8,! ,emb>kation ( ! ,pilgrims at ,leyd510 8,! ,l&+ ( ,columbus10 8,! ,baptism ( ,pocohontas10 & 8,! ,discov]y ( ! ,mississippi by ,de ,soto40 ,surr\nd+ ! rotunda1 are a numb] ( *amb]s1 passages1 committee-rooms1 rooms = ! presid5t1 memb]s ( ! cab9et1 c4 ,! s5ate-*amb] is on ! second floor ( ! nor? w+1 ( :i* x occupies ab\t half1 & is ( a semicircul> =m1 be+ sev5ty-five feet long1 & =ty-five high4 ,a gall]y = spectators1 support$ by iron or bronze pill>s1 surr\nds ! semicircle1 & fronts ! *air ( ! presid+ (fic]1 :i* /&s 9 ! middle ( ! *ord ( ! semicircle4 ,9 ! re> ( ! *air1 & above x1 is a gall]y1 support$ by ,ionic columns ( ! conglom]ate or ,potomac m>ble1 9 :i* sit ! report]s1 front+ ! s5ators4 ,! hall ( repres5tatives is on ! second floor ( ! s\? w+1 & is also semicircul>1 b mu* l>g] ?an ! s5ate-*amb]1 be+ n9ety-six feet long1 & sixty high1 & surr\nd$ by tw5ty-f\r ,cor9?ian columns ( ,potomac m>ble1 ) capitals ( ,italian m>ble4 ,! gall]ies are simil> 9 _! arrangem5t to ^? ( ! s5ate-*amb]4 ,ov] ! *air ( ! speak] is a /atue ( ,lib]ty1 support$ by an eagle ) spread w+s4 ,9 front ( ! *air1 & imm$iately above ! ma9 entrance1 is a figure repres5t+ ,hi/ory record+ ! ev5ts ( ! nation4 ,! enl>gem5t ( ! ,capitol1 comm5c$ 9 #ahea1 & n[ 9 progress1 w1 h[ev]1 mat]ially *ange & improve its appe>ance4 ,x w compreh5d two w+s1 two hundr$ & ?irty-eight by "o hundr$ & =ty feet1 :i* are to be surr\nd$ on ?ree sides by colonnades1 & on ! f\r? side to communicate by corridors1 =ty-f\r feet long & fifty feet wide1 ) ! ma9 build+4 ,! :ole w be sev5 hundr$ & fifty-"o feet long1 & w cov] ?ree & "o-half acres1 or m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty-?ree ?\s& squ>e feet4 ,! ar*itect ( ! new build+ has complet$ ! design ( a magnific5t new dome = ! c5t] ( ! enl>g$ build+1 :i* is said to be a spl5did conception ( g5ius1 & :i* is to take ! place ( ! pres5t dome1 & ?us p]fect ! symmetry & ar*itectural beauty ( ! entire build+ :5 complete4 ,x w be con/ruct$ entirely ( ca/ iron1 & w be on ! f\ndation ( ! old dome4 ,& if x at all meets ! expectations =m$ ( x1 x w be a la/+ monum5t ( ! skill & g5ius ( ! ar*itect4 ,! :ole co/ ( ! build+ z x n[ /&s1 be=e ! ext5sion1 0 "s two million doll>s2 b ! improvem5t w co/ sev]al millions m4 ,! orig9al /ructure 0 comm5c$ 9 #agic1 & _h n be5 complet$ :5 x 0 burn$1 by an act ( v&alism1 9 #ahad2 & 0 n entirely f9i%$ till #ahbh4 ,! gr\nds ar\nd ! ,capitol1 embrac+ "s ?irty acres1 & =m+ an oblong on ?ree sides1 & a semicircle on ! we/1 are h&somely laid out1 & plant$ ) trees & %rubb]y1 pres5t+1 dur+ ! spr+ & summ]1 a sc5e ( great beauty4 ,ab\t ! c5t] ( ! gr\nds1 on ! ea/]n front1 is a colossal /atue ( ,wa%+ton1 by ,gre5\gh4 ,! mat]ial ( ! ,capitol is a por\s /one ( a light yell[ color1 pa9t$ :ite4 ,! enl>gem5t is to be ( m>ble4 ,,! ,,smi?sonian ,,in/itute4 ,s\?-we/ f ! ,capitol1 & midway betwe5 x & ! presid5t's h\se1 on a g5tly ris+ gr\nd1 9 ! mid/ ( a new p>k :i* has rec5tly be5 laid out1 /&s ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute1 "o ( ! noble/ in/itutions & f9e/ /ructures 9 ,wa%+ton1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut beyond4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,smi?sonian ,?is edifice is f\r hundr$ & fifty feet long1 by "o hundr$ & =ty wide1 & is built ( r$ s&-/one1 9 ! ,romanesque or ,norman /yle1 embelli%$ by n9e t[]s1 f sev5ty-five to "o hundr$ & fifty feet high1 & ( diff]5t =ms4 ,9 ! build+ is a lecture-room1 l>ge en\gh to seat "s two ?\s& p]sons2 a museum1 = objects ( natural hi/ory1 "s two hundr$ feet long2 "o ( ! be/ suppli$ laboratories 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 a gall]y = pa9t+s & /atu>y2 a libr>y-room1 capable ( conta9+ "o hundr$ ?\s& volumes2 & v>i\s o!r small] ap>tm5ts connect$ ) ! designs ( ! build+4 ,! in/itution 0 end[$ by ,james ,smi?son1 an ,engli%man1 :o left 8 :ole =tune1 "s five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s1 8to f\nd1 at ,wa%+ton1 an e/abli%m5t = ! increase & diffusion ( k among m540 ,! fund1 :i* is 9 ! keep+ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t1 yields an income ( m ?an ?irty ?\s& doll>s p] ye>2 & ?is increase is divid$ into two p>ts1 "o ( :i* is to be devot$ to ! increase & diffusion ( k by means ( orig9al rese>* & publications1 & ! o!r to ! gradual =mation ( a libr>y1 a gall]y ( art1 museum1 c4 ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,monum5t4 ,on ! propos$ new p>k1 & betwe5 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute & ! presid5t's h\se1 has be5 comm5c$ a colossal monum5t to ! memory ( ,wa%+ton1 to be erect$ by ! volunt>y contributions ( ! p4 ,a view ( x1 z x w appe> :5 complet$1 is giv5 9 ! cut4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wa%+ton ,,monum5t4 ,! plan contemplates1 z a base1 a circul> temple1 two hundr$ & fifty feet 9 diamet]1 & "o hundr$ feet high1 f ! c5t] ( :i* is to rise a %aft1 sev5ty feet squ>e1 to ! hight ( six hundr$ feet above ! gr\nd1 & to be cas$ 9 m>ble4 ,! base is int5d$ to be ! ,we/m9/] ,abbey ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to conta9 ! /atues ( ! revolution>y wor?ies1 & 9 ! c5t]1 7if 8 family approve17 are to be plac$ ! rema9s ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! temple1 at ! base1 w be entirely surr\nd$ by a colonnade ( ?irty pill>s1 9 ! ,doric /yle1 =ty-five feet high by twelve 9 diamet]1 surm\nt$ by an entablature ( tw5ty feet1 :i*1 9 turn1 is to be surm\nt$ by a balu/rade ( fifte5 feet 9 hight4 ,ea* /ate 9 ! union is invit$ to furni% a block ( native /one or o!r mat]ial1 ) an inscription1 :i* w be ins]t$ 9 ! int]ior1 :]e ! block may be se5 & ! inscription read 9 com+ ages4 ,a triumphal c>1 ) a /atue ( ,wa%+ton1 is to /& ov] ! gr& entrance1 z se5 9 ! engrav+4 ,! column1 at pres5t1 has rea*$ ! hight ( less ?an two hundr$ feet2 b if complet$ accord+ to ! orig9al plan1 x w =m ! mo/ magnific5t monum5t ev] erect$4 ,x is said t !re is n a column1 ei!r anci5t or mod]n1 9 ,europe1 z high z ! ,bunk]-hill monum5t4 ,& yet1 su* are ! gigantic proportions ( ! ,wa%+ton monum5t1 t ,bunk]-hill monum5t c\ld be plac$ inside ( x )\t mu* imp$+ ! op]ations ( ! workm52 & :5 x is f9i%$1 any two ( ! monum5ts ( ,europe c\ld be /[$ away )9 its walls )\t be+ notic$ f ! ext]ior4 ,! design has be5 sev]ely criticis$2 & ! great hight ( ! column1 rec$+ s sudd5ly f s wide a base1 has be5 /rongly object$ to4 ,b ! plan 0 delib]ately adopt$ aft] mu* consid]ation1 & :5 ! "w is f9i%$1 x w d\btless be approv$ by ! great mass ( behold]s4 ,c]ta9ly x w attract ! gaze ( ?\s&s z a monum5t n m]ely to a man1 b to pr9ciples :i* %\ld be de> to e ,am]ican4 ,! end[m5ts ( ! great man :om x commemorates1 7 peculi>ly adapt$ to ! exig5cy :i* call$ !m into action4 ,he 0 brave1 b cauti\s2 e>ne/1 yet calm2 resolv$1 yet gu>d$ aga9/ ra% adv5ture2 a patriot1 9 ^: he>t ! love ( c\ntry pr$om9at$2 a /atesman1 9 ^: conduct e public virtue 0 exemplifi$2 a citiz51 ^: int]c\rse ) 8 fell[-m5 0 )\t reproa*4 ,plac$ 9 a position at once responsible & p]il\s1 he felt & 0 ev] ready to ackn[l$ge ! ov]rul+ provid5ce ( ,god1 by ^: bless+ alone he c\ld succe$4 ,x 0 n "o great quality :i* =m$ ! "* ( ,wa%+ton1 b a r>e union ( _m great qualities4 ,^!1 ) unfeign$ devotion1 he laid on ! alt> ( 8 c\ntry1 & = ! promotion ( h] int]e/s he 0 ready to sacrifice 8 p]sonal com=t & 8 life4 ,wond]fully 0 he su/a9$ 9 8 self-d5y+ & ev5tful c>e]1 & rem>kable 0 ! success :i* accompani$ 8 ef=ts4 ,! mo/ =midable ob/acles 7 surm\nt$1 ! mo/ p[]ful opposition subdu$2 8 c\ntry 0 lib]at$2 ! battle ( free in/itutions 0 f\ght & won2 & he1 sup]ior to ! impulses ( m]e p]sonal ambition1 nev]!less a*iev$ a fame :i* has no p>allel 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,if he 0 8fir/ 9 w>10 he 0 8fir/ too 9 peace10 & he /ill rema9s 8fir/ 9 ! he>ts ( 8 c\ntrym540 ,su* a "n %\ld nev] be =gott52 su* an example %\ld nev] lose its influ5ce4 ,,! ,,column ,,( ,,v5dome1 ,,p>is4 ,! ,place de ,v5dome1 =m$ ^u ! site ( a hotel t belong$ to ! ,duke de ,v5dome1 0 begun by ,l\is ,,xiv41 :o1 9 #afhe1 pur*as$ & level$ ! hotel1 int5d+ to erect1 r\nd a public place1 edifices = ! royal libr>y1 ! m9t1 ! extraord9>y embassadors1 c4 ,?is project1 h[ev]1 0 ab&on$1 & ! prop]ty c$$ to ! city ( ,p>is1 ) a /ipulation to erect a place ^u ! site4 ,mans>d1 :o furni%$ ! fir/ plans1 0 *>g$ ) ! second2 & ! build+s1 z !y n[ /&1 7 begun 9 #afii1 & f9i%$ by ! f9anci] ,law4 ,! =m ( ! place is a symmetrical octagon1 ! l>g] sides ( :i* measure respectively1 f\r hundr$ & tw5ty & f\r hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,two wide /reets1 =m+ ! only entrances to x1 ! ,rue de la ,paix & ! ,rue de ,ca/iglione1 equisect its nor!rn & s\!rn sides4 ,! build+s are uni=m1 consi/+ ( a ru/ic basem5t surm\nt$ by upp] /ories1 ornam5t$ ) ,cor9?ian pila/]s1 & high ro(s pi]c$ ) luc>ne w9d[s4 ,! middle ( ea* side is grac$ ) a p$im5t support$ by ,cor9?ian columns4 ,?is place 0 fir/ call$ ! ,place des ,conqutes1 !n ! ,place ,l\is le ,gr&1 & aft]w>d ! ,place ,v5dome4 ,9 ! middle =m]ly /ood a colossal eque/rian /atue ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 9 bronze1 erect$ 9 #affi1 b demoli%$ ! t5? ( ,augu/1 #agib2 ! bronze figures t ornam5t$ its base 7 sav$1 & are /ill to be se5 9 ! ,muse de la ,sculpture ,mod]ne4 ,! mutilat$ p$e/al rema9$ till #ahjf1 :5 x 0 replac$ by ! triumphal pill>1 erect$ by ,napoleon1 to commemorate ! success ( 8 arms 9 ! ,g]man campaign ( #ahje4 ,?is column is an imitation ( ! pill> ( ,trajan at ,rome1 ( :i* x pres]ves ! proportions on a scale l>g] by "o-twelf?4 ,its total elevation is "o hundr$ & ?irty-five feet1 & ! diamet] ( ! %aft is twelve feet4 ,! p$e/al is tw5ty-"o feet 9 hight1 & f sev5te5 to tw5ty 9 bread?4 ,! p$e/al & %aft are ( /one1 cov]$ ) bass-reliefs1 repres5t+ victories ( ! ,fr5* army1 9 bronze1 made f twelve hundr$ pieces ( brass cannon tak5 f ! ,russians & ,au/rians4 ,! metal employ$ 9 ?is monum5t weighs ab\t ?ree hundr$ & sixty ?\s& p\nds4 ,! bass-reliefs ( ! p$e/al repres5t ! uni=ms1 armor & weapons ( ! conqu]$ troops4 ,above ! p$e/al are g>l&s ( oak1 support$ at ! f\r angles by eagles1 ea* weigh+ five hundr$ p\nds4 ,! door1 ( massive bronze1 is decorat$ ) cr[ns ( oak1 surm\nt$ by an eagle ( ! highe/ f9i%2 above is a bass-relief1 repres5t+ two figures ( ,fame1 support+ a tablet1 ) an inscription 9 honor ( ,napoleon1 & commemorat+ ! victories :i* ! column 0 erect$ to celebrate4 ,! bass-reliefs ( ! %aft pursue a spiral direction to ! capital1 & display1 9 *ronological ord]1 ! pr9cipal actions1 f ! dep>ture ( ! troops f ,b\logne to ! battle ( ,au/]litz4 ,! figures are ?ree feet high2 _! numb] is said to be two ?\s&1 & ! l5g? ( ! scroll eight hundr$ & =ty feet2 a spiral ?read divides ! l9es1 & be>s inscriptions ( ! actions !y repres5t4 ,! figure ( ,napoleon on ! top ( ! column1 is elev5 feet high4 ,! /atue ( ,napoleon1 9 imp]ial robes1 0 melt$ d[n 9 #ahad1 to =m a "p ( ! eque/rian /atue ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 b 0 replac$ by ,l\is ,philippe1 ,may fir/1 #ahcb1 clad 9 milit>y co/ume1 %r\d$ by crape4 ,f ! summit ( ! monum5t1 :i* is rea*$ by a spiral /aircase1 !re is a spl5did view ( ! capital1 & admission is obta9$ ?r\gh "o ( ,napoleon's vet]ans1 :o keeps ! door4 ,,! ,,bunk] ,,hill ,,monum5t4 ,?is celebrat$ monum5t1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut on ! next page1 is 9 ! t[n ( ,*>le/[n1 ,mass41 on ! hill :]e ! fir/ battle 0 f\ght betwe5 ! prov9cial & ,briti% troops 9 ! w> ( ! revolution4 ,! hill 0 orig9ally call$ ,bre$'s hill1 ,bunk] hill be+ to ! nor? ( x1 at ! entrance ( ! p59sula on :i* ,*>le/[n is situat$4 ,on ?is hight a deta*m5t ( "o ?\s& m5 7 direct$ to intr5* !mselves1 on ! night ( ! sixte5? ( ,june1 #agge4 ,by "s mi/ake1 !y proce$$ to ,bre$'s hill1 :i* is ne>] ,bo/on1 & :i* has s9ce be5 call$ ,bunk] hill1 z ! "n is associat$ ) ! battle4 ,! m5 _h work$ ) su* secrecy1 t by ! dawn ( day !y _h1 unp]ceiv$ by ! enemy1 ?r[n up a r$\bt eight rods squ>e4 ,! incessant fire f ! %ipp+ & a batt]y on ,copp's hill1 9 ,bo/on1 did n prev5t ! ,am]icans f complet+ by midday1 ) great labor & fatigue1 a slight brea/work f ! r$\bt to ! bottom ( ! hill on ! ea/ side4 ,betwe5 twelve & "o o'clock1 ! ,briti%1 to ! numb] ( ?ree ?\s& m51 ) a portion ( artill]y1 "u ,g5]als ,h[e & ,pigot1 l&$ 9 ,*>le/[n1 & hav+ =m$ _! m5 9 two l9es1 advanc$ sl[ly to ! attack1 frequ5tly halt+ to all[ _! artill]y "t to fire4 ,! ,am]icans1 9 _! intr5*m5ts1 coolly wait$ _! approa*4 ,x is said t ,g5]al ,putnam1 :o 0 a lead]1 ?\gh ,colonel ,prescott _h ! *ief comm&1 told ! m5 t !y _h n a *>ge ( p[d] to wa/e1 & exhort$ !m n to fire ^u ! enemy till !y c\ld see ! :ites ( _! eyes4 ,!y 7 suff]$ to approa* to )9 t5 or twelve rods1 :5 ^! practic$ ,am]ican m>ksm5 fir$ ) su* deadly aim z to ?r[ ! ,briti% ranks into confusion1 & cause !m to retreat precipitately to ! bottom ( ! hill4 ,by ! ef=ts ( _! (fic]s !y 7 =m$ a second "t & advanc$ to ! attack4 ,! ,am]icans wait$ till !y 7 )9 five or six rods1 :5 !y aga9 op5$ a de/ructive fire1 :i* br\ght !m to a /& & ?rew !m into confusion4 ,at ?is critical mom5t ,g5]al ,cl9ton arriv$ f ,bo/on1 & succe$$ 9 rally+ 8 m51 & 9 br++ !m to a *>ge1 :ile "s cannon 7 br\ght to a /ation t enabl$ !m to rake ! brea/work f end to end4 ,! works 7 n[ attack$ ) fix$ bayonets1 & z ! ,am]icans 7 n furni%$ ) !m1 & !y f\nd _! ammunition beg9n+ to fail1 !y 7 oblig$ to retreat ov] ,*>le/[n neck4 ,! ,briti% 7 victori\s2 b x 0 a de>ly b\ght victory4 ,_! loss1 by ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ,g5]al ,gage1 0 t5 hundr$ & fifty-f\r kill$ & w\nd$2 :ile ! engagem5t 0 p>ticul>ly fatal to ! (fic]s1 z !y 7 s+l$ out by ! ,am]ican m>ksm54 ,n9ete5 commission$ (fic]s 7 kill$1 & sev5ty w\nd$4 ,( ! m51 two hundr$ & tw5ty-six 7 kill$1 & eight hundr$ & tw5ty-eight w\nd$2 :ile ( ! ,am]icans1 :o _h only fifte5 hundr$ m5 engag$1 only "o hundr$ & =ty-five 7 kill$1 & ?ree hundr$ & f\r w\nd$ & miss+4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t ,on ! site ( ?is celebrat$ battle1 sixty-two feet above ! level ( ! h>bor1 on gr\nd pur*as$ = ! purpose1 ! ,bunk] hill monum5t1 a spl5did obelisk1 has be5 erect$4 ,! corn]-/one 0 fir/ laid by ,la ,fayette1 on ! fiftie? anniv]s>y ( ! battle1 9 ! pres5ce ( an imm5se conc\rse ( citiz5s1 ! sev5te5? ( ,june1 #ahbe1 :5 an address 0 deliv]$ by ,daniel ,web/]4 ,?is f\ndation1 h[ev]1 hav+ be5 f\nd insuffici5t1 ! corn]-/one ( ! pres5t /ructure 0 laid1 9 a m sub/antial mann]1 9 ,m>*1 #ahbg2 & ! monum5t 0 complet$ ! tw5ty-?ird ( ,july1 #ahdb4 ,! obelisk is ?irty feet squ>e at ! base1 & sixte5 & "o-?ird feet at ! top2 & is sub/antially built ( hewn ,qu9cy granite4 ,! hight f ! base to ! top ( ! apex1 is two hundr$ & tw5ty-"o feet2 & ! co/ ( ! "w 0 ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& doll>s4 ,! int]ior is circul>1 hav+ a diamet] ( t5 feet & sev5 in*es at ! bottom1 & ( six feet & f\r in*es at ! top1 & is asc5d$ by two hundr$ & n9ety-f\r /eps4 ,! top is an elliptical *amb]1 ab\t eighte5 feet high1 ) f\r w9d[s1 ! view f :i* is truly magnific5t1 embrac+ ,bo/on1 & its h>bor & environs1 toge!r ) ! m\nta9 sc5]y 9 ! di/ance1 & ! adjac5t t[ns ne>] at h&4 ,! monum5t consi/s ( n9ety c\rses ( hewn /one1 eighty-f\r above ! base1 & six bel[ x4 ,!re are a numb] ( w9d[s 9 ! sides1 clos$ ) iron %utt]s1 beside num]\s ap]tures4 ,! completion ( ! monum5t 9 #ahdb1 0 hail$ by ! fir+ ( cannon1 & o!r te/imonials ( rejoic+4 ,! monum5t itself1 be+ ! mo/ elevat$ object 9 ! vic9ity1 w s]ve z a l&m>k to seam51 & w long /& 9 commemoration ( ! brave m5 :o "h f\ght1 & _m ( :om fell1 9 def5se ( ! rights ( _! c\ntry1 nobly contribut+ to ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,! ,,arc ,,de ,,triomphe4 ,?is triumphal ar*1 says a late t\ri/1 8is "o ( ! mo/ wond]ful conceptions ( t wond]ful man1 ,napoleon4 ,x 0 begun by him1 b f9i%$ by 8 successors4 ,?is /up5d\s fabric /rikes "o ) a/oni%m5t2 & aft] we _h opportunity to comp>e x ) ! triumphal ar*es ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 we 7 /ill m impress$ ) its gr&eur4 ,dim5sions are indisp5sable1 if we w\ld produce 9 o!rs any correct conceptions ( /ructures or space2 b !y fail to impress ! m9d z does ! actual vision1 & ?is is em95tly ! fact ) ?is elaborate "w4 ,napoleon decre$ its erection 9 #ahjf1 aft] 8 successful campaigns 9 ,prussia & ,g]many4 ,! plan ( ! triumphal ar* 0 furni%$ 9 #ahji4 ,! f\ndations 7 sunk tw5ty-five feet bel[ ! surface1 & x 0 only above gr\nd 9 #ahaa4 ,9 #ahad1 ! works 7 susp5d$1 & rema9$ neglect$ until #ahbc4 ,aft] v>i\s int]ruptions1 ! pile 0 f9i%$ by ,l\is ,philippe 9 #ahcf1 ?irty ye>s f ! decree :i* gave bir? to x1 & f ! lay+ ( ! fir/ /one4 ,! co/ 0 t5 million1 f\r hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& francs1 or ov] two million doll>s4 ,! monum5t consi/s ( a va/ c5tral ar*1 n9ety feet 9 hight by =ty-five 9 wid?1 ov] :i* rises a bold entablature1 frieze & cornice4 ,!re is also a transv]sal ar*1 fifty-sev5 feet high & tw5ty-five feet wide4 ,! total hight ( ! /ructure is a hundr$ & fifty-two feet1 & its bread? & dep? are a hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 & sixty-eight feet respectively4 ,^! dim5sions are m ?an realiz$ by actual inspection4 ,! panels1 frieze1 & p$im5t ( ?is /ructure1 are cov]$ by figures 9 bold relief1 eighte5 feet 9 hight1 ?ree times ! size ( life1 & ^? above are half ( ?is size4 ,all ( !m illu/rate ! hi/ory ( ,france1 & !y are *iefly w>like4 ,"o gr\p may be m5tion$ z an example4 ,victory is cr[n+ ,napoleon ) a laurel wrea?2 ,hi/ory is writ+ ! n>rative ( 8 de$s1 & ,fame1 so>+ above1 is proclaim+ !m ) h] trumpet4 8,! obs]v] %\ld asc5d ! monum5t1 :5 he w realize m ?an ev] its great hight & magnitude1 & its massy mat]ials4 ,an ag$ woman at ! door furni%$ u ) a lant]n = our asc5t ?r\gh d>k passages4 ,! /airs are easy1 al?\gh n>r[1 & we m\nt$1 )\t difficulty1 up ! two hundr$ & sixty-"o /eps4 ,! floor :i* cov]s ! ar*es1 is compos$ ( v l>ge /ones1 hewn into p]fect symmetry4 ,not)/&+ ! m\nta9 weight ( ?is /ructure1 n ! slighte/ crack 9 ! massy /ones1 or op5+ 9 ! jo9ts1 c be p]ceiv$1 9 any "p ( ! pile4 ,! top af=ds a secure & conv5i5t place = obs]vation1 & f ?is place ! obs]v] enjoys a glori\s view ( ,p>is & its environs4 ,away into ! c\ntry /ret*es int]m9ably1 z f> z ! eye c disc]n1 a beautiful road1 almo/ ( ! same ample wid? z t ( ! broad av5ue1 at ! head ( :i* ! triumphal ar* /&s4 ,look+ f ! ar* to ! nor?1 ! av5ue leads ?r\gh & along ! ,elysian ,fields1 ! ,place de la ,concorde1 ! g>d5s & palace ( ! ,tuill]ies1 ! ,c>r\sel & palace ( ! ,l\vre1 all ( :i* are 9 "o cont9u\s l9e ( two or ?ree miles4 ,on our "r1 look+ ea/1 are ! dome ( ! ,invalides1 ! ext5sive ,*amps de ,m>s1 & ! ,ecole ,militaire ne> t field4 ,! triumphal ar* ( ,napoleon 9 ! ,c>r\sel1 ! ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame1 & ! commemorative column ( ,july1 #ahcj1 erect$ on ! site ( ! anci5t ,ba/ile1 are se5 on ! nor?-ea/4 ,alas6 h[ mu* blood has ?is ar* ( triumph co/4 ,! places ( n9ety-six victories are giv5 on ! monum5t1 ) ! names ( ! g5]als by :om !y 7 won1 ! latt] mak+ an aggregate ( ?ree hundr$ & eighty-f\r40 ,,! ,,coop] ,,in/itute4 ,?is is a /ructure1 n yet complete1 b to be ( huge proportions1 ! f\ndations ( :i* are imb$d$ deep 9 ! e>?1 !re re/+ on masses ( /one1 f :i*1 z !y rise f ! gr\nd1 !y asc5d 9 columns & ar*es ( iron4 ,x is situat$ ne> ! upp] "p ( ,broadway1 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 n f> f ! ,a/or libr>y1 ! ,bible h\se1 & ! f9e build+ ( ! ,m]cantile ,libr>y ,association4 ,l ! ,bible h\se x cov]s a :ole block1 & ext5ds on e side z f> z ! /reets :i* surr\nd w all[4 ,! space inclos$ is ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ( an acre4 ,! gr\nd is excavat$ to ! dep? ( tw5ty-five feet1 to lay ! broade/ f\ndations1 & also to furni% space bel[ ! level ( ! /reet = a l>ge hall1 :i* may be us$ = public assemblies4 ,"h1 "u "o corn]1 is to be a complete app>atus = ! manufacture ( gas1 & also = w>m+ & v5tilat+ ! :ole build+4 ,f ! pavem5t ! edifice rises to six /ories1 rea*+ a hight n9e feet above ! ,bible h\se4 ,! l[] /ory1 :i*1 f its long r[ ( iron ar*es1 pres5ts a noble appe>ance1 is int5d$ = /ores1 ! r5t ( :i* w be a p]petual end[m5t = ! support ( ! in/itution4 ,! second /ory is to be fitt$ up = (fices1 :i* w also be a s\rce ( rev5ue4 ,) ! ?ird /ory1 comm5ces ! portion ( ! edifice devot$ /rictly to sci5tific purposes4 ,"h1 occupy+ ! body ( ! build+1 is a hall1 :i* w hold f\r ?\s& p1 & w probably be f\nd ! be/ place = lectures 9 ! city1 be+ mu* m spaci\s & elegant ?an ! ,tab]nacle4 ,x w n be q s l>ge z ! ,academy ( ,music1 :i* is out ( all proportion ) ord9>y speak+ & he>+2 b x w hold z l>ge an audi5ce z c well get )9 ! s\nd ( "o man's voice4 ,on ?is floor1 a room ( ample dim5sions is set ap>t = a s*ool ( design = ladies4 ,?is is an admirable feature 9 ! plan4 ,x w furni% hundr$s ( "y wom51 :o h a ta/e = draw+1 ) facilities = becom+ p]fect 9 t accompli%m5t1 & also ) a means ( support = su* z wi% to tea*4 ,ano!r spaci\s ap>tm5t is devot$ to ,egyptian antiquities4 ,! f9e collection br\ght to ?is c\ntry by ,dr4 ,abbott has be5 secur$1 & w =m "o ( ! attractions ( ! ,coop] ,in/itute4 ,"h w be plac$ ! fam\s bulls1 & all ! wond]s br\ght f ! l& ( ! ,nile4 ,o!r divisions ( ! build+ w conta9 collections ( natural hi/ory1 ( bea/s1 birds & reptiles4 ,?us w be =m$ a gr& museum1 br++ toge!r :at is r>e & curi\s f ! e>?1 air & sea4 ,"h1 too1 ! m9]alogi/ & ! botani/ w f9d a place = _! collections1 & ! *emi/ be furni%$ ) 8 laboratory4 ,connect$ ) ^! dep>tm5ts1 !re w be pr(essors & c\rses ( lectures4 ,! design ( ! b5evol5t f\nd] is to furni% to "y m51 free ( exp5se1 an education 9 any bran* ( sci5ce or art4 ,9 _m ( its features1 ?is in/itution is model$ aft] ! ,polyte*nic s*ool 9 ,p>is4 ,to e "y man :o has a ?ir/ = sci5ce1 is "h af=d$ ! means ( satisfy+ x4 ,! f\nta9s ( k w be op5 to him1 & he may dr9k freely4 ,we d\bt n1 _m w avail !mselves ( ?is opportunity4 ,sir ,humphrey ,davy once said1 ! greate/ discov]y he ev] made 0 ! discov]y ( ! poor ,iri% boy1 ,mi*ael ,f>aday1 n[ ! _w-r5[n$ pr(essor ( ,london4 ,may n su* a "o yet be pick$ up 9 ! /reets ( ,new ,york1 :o w "h f9d op5 to him a pa? to sci5ce & to fame4 ,_m a c\ntry lad1 ^: desire = k c n be satisfi$ 9 a di/rict s*ool1 w "h f9d an ampl] field ( /udy4 ,9 future ye>s1 ! dwell]s 9 t "p ( ! city w (t5 see1 at midnight1 ! lights gleam+ 9 ^? high w9d[s1 :]e ard5t y\? pore ov] books1 explor+ t _w ( sci5ce !n1 = ! fir/ "t1 op5$ to _! gaze4 ,9 ano!r ye>1 i4 e41 by #ahef1 we hope to see x 9 full op]ation4 ,a /ructure s imm5se1 ( c\rse1 c advance b sl[ly4 ,x has be5 delay$1 also1 = want ( /one1 & 9 ord] to h made1 specially = ?is build+1 iron gird]s1 :i* take ! place ( wood1 & :i* give great] /r5g? & security4 ,x is gu>d$ aga9/ fire1 9 e possible way1 & built 9 ! firme/ mann]2 & :5 complet$1 x w be a huge mass ( rock & iron4 ,x is built to la/ = ages1 & w /& z a monum5t to ! lib]ality ( a private individual1 :o1 hav+1 on ?is v spot1 begun life himself z a poor boy1 & ris51 by a long c\rse ( indu/ry1 to be "o ( ! m]*ant pr9ces ( ! l&1 desir$ to f\nd an in/itution = ! b5efit ( ! "y m5 ( 8 native city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v]gnais',s ,,h]culean ,,bridge4 ,,v]gnais',s ,,improv$ ,,bridge4 ,v>i\s plans h f "t to "t be5 =m$1 = giv+ /r5g? & security to bridges2 ! hi/ory ( :i*1 f ! "t :5 /reams 7 fir/ cross$ by rude logs or trees ?r[n ov] !m1 up to ! late/ inv5tions1 w\ld be full ( int]e/4 ,"o ( ! late/ improvem5ts 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 design$ & inv5t$ by an +5i\s ,fr5* eng9e]1 ,m4 ,v]gnais1 is pres5t$ 9 ! prec$+ cut4 ,x 0 orig9ally int5d$ to be ?r[n across ! riv] ,se9e1 at ,p>is4 ,"s ye>s ago1 a wire susp5sion bridge at ,angi]s gave way1 :ile a body ( troops 0 cross+1 precipitat+ an entire regim5t into ! wat]1 ) a t]rible loss ( life4 ,s9ce t dreadful cata/rophe !re has always be5 a feel+ ( av]sion 9 ,france1 t[>d ! erection ( susp5sion bridges4 ,! +5i\s improvem5t "h pres5t$ is design$ to relieve all possible dang] ( breakage1 & yet all[ ( ! con/ruction ( a bridge ( gigantic proportions1 )\t 9 ! lea/ imp$+ navigation4 ,9 ! ord9>y susp5sion bridge1 ! ma9 cables su/a9 ! entire weight1 & %\ld ! connection betwe5 ! bridge & ! cables give way1 or ei!r ( ! cables break1 a mo/ melan*oly end awaits all :o h happ5$ to be tru/+ _! lives to its security at ! mom5t4 ,9 ! application ( ,v]gnais's improvem5t1 ! utmo/ security is af=d$4 ,a mon/] ar* ( iron is ?r[n across f %ore to %ore4 ,?is ar* is compos$ ( su* /rong mat]ials z n to require great bulk1 s t x pres5ts an a]ial appe>ance4 ,! floor+ ( ! bridge is susp5d$ f ! ar* by innum]able p5dants ( iron1 s t ! weight ( a body1 9 cross+ ! bridge1 is br\ght to be> gradually ^u ! /ructure1 & :5 x rea*es ! c5t]1 :]e common bridges are ! weake/1 "u ?is inv5tion x rea*es ! /ronge/ "p1 = x is directly b5ea? ! ar*4 ,besides1 %\ld any ( ! p5dants give way1 ! entire bridge does n yield1 = x is impossible = all ! p5dants to break at once4 ,?is plan is c]ta9ly a new & novel "o1 s f> z susp5sion bridges are conc]n$4 ,we hope t ! inv5tor w be enc\rag$ to erect !m 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,railroad companies w f9d !m to be 9 e way advantage\s to _! int]e/1 s9ce ! c>s may run across !m at ! highe/ spe$1 ) p]fect security4 ,,railroad ,,bridge ,,at ,,portage1 ,,new ,,york4 ,a gr\p ( natural & artificial wond]s m v>i$ & magnific5t ?an at ,portage1 ,n4 ,y41 is n to be f\nd 9 ?is l& ( sublime sc5]y & rapid improvem5t4 ,x is de/9$ to be a ,mecca ( travel1 only to be class$ ) ! ,:ite m\nta9s1 ,niag>a & ! ,mammo? cave4 ,no descriptive language w appe> exagg]at$ to "o :o visits ! sc5e1 or /udies ! measurem5ts & details n[ pres5t$4 ,^! d n tell half ! /ory2 a complete acc\nt w\ld require a guide-book ( p5-&-p5cil sket*es4 ,! small village ( ,portage lies on ! ,g5essee riv]1 at a po9t :]e x ent]s a /up5d\s gorge1 :i* cont9ues sev5te5 miles1 9 a nor?-ea/ direction1 to ,m\nt ,morris4 ,"h x fl[s into ! fam\s ,g5essee valley1 :i* ext5ds f ,dansville to ,ro*e/]1 & is a level tract ( ri* f>ms & %ad$ mead[s1 t are said to resemble ,engli% p>k sc5]y m ?an any?+ 9 our c\ntry4 ,! riv] ent]s ! lake a few miles bel[ ! ,ro*e/] falls1 ?irty miles nor? ( ,m\nt ,morris4 ,to beg9 back1 j bel[ ,portage village is a noble aqu$uct ( ! ,g5essee canal3 ?is is built ( hewn lime/one1 & is mu* l ! high bridge at ,h>lem1 9 size & appe>ance4 ,pass+ ?is & advanc+ into ! riv]-gulf1 ) ! ,g5essee on "o h&1 ! canal on ! o!r1 & two hundr$ & fifty feet ( wood$ declivity inclos+ bo?1 a %ort walk br+s y sudd5ly to ! new bridge ( ! ,buffalo & ,new ,york city railroad4 ,! fir/ & la/ look at ?is bridge mu/ be "o ( dumb amazem5t4 ,x is ! cry/al palace ( all bridges4 ,h[ any mortal ev] conceiv$1 or hav+ conceiv$ ev] d>$ to attempt c>ry+ x into execution1 passes our compreh5sion4 ,re/+ on six heavy /one basem5ts 9 ! wat]1 & z _m m on ! l&1 x rises to ! imm5se hight1 = a bridge1 ( two hundr$ & ?irty-f\r feet1 & is eight hundr$ feet long1 lift+ its imm5se net-"w ( timb]1 z if a :ole village ( h\se-frames & rectangul> /reets 7 rais$ up & set p]p5dicul>ly on edge4 ,! fir/ fall ( ! riv]1 a sidelong1 brok5 desc5t ( sixty feet1 is a few /eps bel[ ! /ructure1 & visible f its top1 long be=e rea*+ :i* ! asc5d+ mi/ is dissipat$4 ,"o & a half million feet ( timb]1 be+ ! product ( two hundr$ acres ( l&1 toge!r ) ?irty tuns ( iron spikes1 7 requir$ = ?is climax ( mod]n eng9e]+4 ,! co/ is e/imat$ at "o hundr$ & ?irty ?\s& doll>s4 ,be=e ! "w _h rea*$ its completion1 ! railroad pass5g]s 7 tak5 9 c>riages two miles ar\nd f "o end ( ! bridge to ! o!r1 a v com=table hotel hav+ be5 erect$ at ! ea/]n extremity4 ,bel[ ! mon/] bridge & its wat]fall1 ! riv] *asm wid5s into a deep bas9 ( hills1 ) a pond 9 ! c5t]1 & ! second fall1 a desc5t ( eighty feet1 at ! l[] extremity4 ,?is gr& natural temple ( cliffs1 has ?us at ea* end an organ ) a %9+ range ( silv] pipes2 on ! left side are sev]al gall]ies 9 ! %ape ( canal aqu$ucts ( wood1 built to avoid ! incessant slides ( quicks&2 &1 at ! upp] entrance1 ! six-/ory bridge furni%es fifty ro/rums = z _m orators4 ,connect$ ) ! l[] falls is a s+ul> semicircul> *asm1 &1 at its base1 a cave1 worn by wat]1 :i*1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 has be5 afflict$ ) a ,satanic "n3 x is ( difficult access4 ,"h beg9 ! impos+ precipices ( ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight1 =m+1 at ?is po9t1 a mighty amphi!at]1 ar\nd ! ea/]n br9k ( :i* w9ds ! canal1 protect$ by a /one p>apet4 ,a gigantic tunnel 0 fir/ con/ruct$1 & /ill rema9s 9 "p2 b ! rock prov$ s insecure1 t ! ov]hang+ ro( 0 ?r[n (f1 at great exp5se1 into ! riv]1 & ! b$ ( ! canal laid 9 cem5t4 ,ne>ly ! :ole array ( ^! wond]s c\ld be br\ght into "o view f a high po9t on ! we/]n bank1 :]e ! arti/ ,cole1 :5 ?is sc5]y 0 9 its pri/9e wildness1 once took a sket* = a v l>ge autumnal picture1 :i* is n[ 9 ! possession ( ,hon4 ,w4 ,h4 ,sew>d4 ,"s di/ance bel[ ! places n[ describ$1 is a ?ird fall1 v grotesque 9 its features1 & made rem>kable by a tall natural t[]1 left by ! we>+ ( ! riv] & surm\nt$ by a cr[n ( foliage4 ,,! ,,britannia ,,tubul> ,,bridge4 ,?is wond] ( mod]n eng9e]+1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut1 =ms "p ( ! railroad f ,*e/] to ,holyhead1 & is ?r[n ov] ! ,m5ai /rait :i* sep>ates ,ca]n>von1 9 ,wales1 f ! isl& ( ,anglesey4 ,?is /rait appe>s to ! eye z a beautiful riv]1 half a mile wide1 ?r\gh :i* ! tide1 :i* "h rises tw5ty & tw5ty-five feet1 ru%es ) great rapidity & =ce4 ,! tubul> bridge ov] x is "o hundr$ feet above high-wat] level1 & =m$ ( long1 holl[1 rectangul> tubes1 "o = up1 & ! o!r = d[n tra9s1 compos$ ( wr\ght-iron boil]-plates rivet$ toge!r1 & re/+ on huge & massive t[]s ( masonry4 ,( ^! tubes or gall]ies1 eight 9 numb]1 f\r = ea* l9e1 ! f\r %orte/ are ea* two hundr$ & ?irty feet1 & ! f\r longe/ ea* f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-two feet 9 l5g?4 ,! middle & l>ge/ pi] or t[]1 is sixty-two feet by fifty-two at ! base1 & rises maje/ically to a hight ( two hundr$ & ?irty feet4 ,! workm5 engag$ ^u ?is bridge1 ) _! wives & families1 7 equal 9 numb] to ! population ( a mod]ately siz$ t[n1 & _h ! usual provisions = l>ge communities1 ( a cl]gyman1 s*oolma/]1 surgeon1 etc4 ,! entire co/ ( ! /up5d\s /ructure1 0 ab\t ?ree million1 five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,! numb] ( rivets us$ 9 fa/5+ ! tubes ( ?is bridge 0 ov] two million2 & ! entire l5g? ( x is eighte5 hundr$ & ?irty-f\r feet4 ,silliman says ( ?is imm5se & +5i\s /ructure1 t x 8is wond]ful4 ,to con/ruct10 he adds1 8a va/ tube ( iron /rong en\gh to admit ( railroad tra9s pass+ safely ?r\gh x2 to build x 9 sep>ate pieces d[n on ! common level2 to float !m to ! site1 & !re raise !m to _! elevation ( "o hundr$ feet1 & place !m on firm pill>s ( masonry z supports1 & !n to unite !m into "o cont9u$ tube1 z "p ( ! gr& railroad connection betwe5 ,london & ,holyhead & ,irel&1 is an a*ievem5t :i* mu/ =ev] place ! "n ( ,rob]t ,/ev5son above all praise40 ,to %[ ! imm5se /r5g? ( ?is bridge1 he goes on to say1 8,an enorm\s weight ( betwe5 ?ree & f\r hundr$ ?\s& p\nds1 caus$ a depression ( ! level only ?ree in*es4 ,! ord9>y pressure ( ! railroad tra9s produces a depression ( "o-eigh? ( an in*1 or ev5 less1 disc]nible only by in/rum5ts4 ,a pressure ( m ?an six hundr$ ?\s& p\nds produc$ a deflection ( less ?an an in* & a half4 ,z works ( art1 ?is bridge1 & ! "o next to be m5tion$1 are triumphs ( me*anical skill & sci5ce1 & !y n only e/abli% ! connection :i* has be5 nam$ betwe5 ,wales1 ,anglesey & ,irel&1 b !y af=d ! prospect ( a /ill m important connection f ,galway1 9 ,irel&1 to ,nova ,scotia1 by /eam]s1 ?us br++ ,europe & ,am]ica )9 a week ( ea* o!r4 ,! mo/ massy /one pi]1 ! ,britannia1 0 erect$ ^u a firm rock :i* is 9 ! middle ( ! riv]4 ,! t]m tube1 z "h appli$ to ! body ( ! bridge1 may convey an errone\s idea2 = in/ead ( be+ r\nd1 x is squ>e4 ,x is an imm5se iron corridor1 or p>allelopip$1 clos$ 91 =m+ a horizontal iron gall]y1 or passage1 9 :i* ! rails are laid4 ,x is ?irty feet high 9 ! middle1 & tw5ty-two feet t[>d ! ends4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,britannia ,,tubul> ,,bridge4 8,?is /up5d\s /ructure proves to be a v delicate !rmomet]4 ,a little sun%9e raises ! c5t] an in*1 7z ! expansion c n ext5d d[nw>d17 & produces a horizontal deflection or swell+ ( an in* & a half4 ,= e fifte5 degrees ( ,fahr5heit1 x exp&s "o t5-?\s&? ( its l5g?1 or half an in*4 ,alt]nate sun%9e & %[]s ( ra91 cause ! tubes to exp& & contract4 ,if "o ( ! tubes 0 plac$ on end 9 ,/4 ,paul's *ur*y>d1 ,london1 x w\ld rise "o hundr$ & sev5 feet high] ?an ! top ( ! cross4 ,! rivets t unite ! plates are an in* 9 diamet]2 !y 7 put 9 r$-hot1 & beat5 ) heavy hamm]s1 & 9 cool+1 !y contract$ s /rongly z to draw ! plates toge!r ) a =ce requir+ f\r to six tuns to make !m slide on ea* o!r4 ,! tubes 7 rais$ f _! position afloat on ! wat]1 by means ( a ,brahmah hydraulic press1 into :i* ! wat] 0 inject$ by p[]ful /eam-eng9es4 ,! =ce ex]t$ by ?is p[] w\ld ?r[ wat] ne>ly tw5ty ?\s& feet high2 m ?an five times ! hight ( ,sn[don1 ! highe/ m\nta9 9 ,wales1 & almo/ five ?\s& feet high] ?an ! summit ( ,mont ,blanc4 ,! greate/ numb] ( m5 employ$ at any "o "t on ?is bridge1 0 two ?\s&1 & ! fatal casualties 7 sev54 ,! second tube 0 float$ to its place ,decemb] f\r?1 #ahdi1 & ! op5+ ( ! bridge by ! passage ( c>s took place ,m>* fif?1 #ahej4 ,x may be deflect$ ?irte5 in*es )\t injury1 & w\ld be> a weight ( "o ?\s& tuns40 ,,! ,,susp5sion ,,bridge4 ,9 ! same vic9ity1 & ov] ! same /rait1 is ! great susp5sion bridge1 :i*1 :5 x 0 f9i%$ 9 #ahbf1 0 des]v$ly e/eem$ "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w1 & is /ill entitl$ to hold t rank4 ,x is inde$ a /up5d\s /ructure1 ( :i* ! full details may be le>n$ f ! (ficial reports2 b ! foll[+ are among ! pr9cipal facts4 ,x is "o hundr$ feet above ! wat]1 s t ! %ips1 ev5 ^? ( a l>ge size1 are n imp$$1 & c pass "u x )\t l[]+ a sail or a sp>4 ,! bridge is built out ^u ar*es f bo? sides ( ! riv]1 to a c]ta9 di/ance1 leav+ ! space betwe5 ! po9ts ( susp5sion1 five hundr$ & sixty feet4 ,! plat=m is ab\t ?irty feet wide4 ,! :ole is susp5d$ f f\r l9es ( /rong iron cables1 by p]p5dicul> iron rods1 five feet ap>t4 ,! cables pass ov] roll]s1 on ! tops ( pill>s1 & are fix$ to iron frames "u gr\nd1 :i* are kept d[n by masonry4 ,! weight ( ! :ole bridge betwe5 ! po9ts ( susp5sion is f\r hundr$ & eighty-n9e tuns4 ,! massy mat]ials ( :i* ?is bridge is compos$1 ! admirable mann] 9 :i* !y are lock$ toge!r1 ! great elevation at :i* x crosses ?is gr& /rait1 its p]si/5ce )\t sign ( failure dur+ m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 its importance z a connect+ l9k betwe5 ,engl& & ,irel&1 & ! result ( ?is e>ly ef=t to conqu] =midable physical difficulties1 fill ! behold] ) admiration & delight1 & d la/+ honor to ,mr4 ,tel=d1 ! di/+ui%$ ar*itect4 ,,great ,,railway ,,susp5sion ,,bridge ,,at ,,niag>a ,,falls4 ,we h be=e1 on page #bfe1 giv5 "s acc\nt ( ?is va/ /ructure z x 01 :5 s f> complet$ z to be us$ = ord9>y passage4 ,b we adv]t to x aga9 "h1 bo? because x has s9ce _h add$ to x ! sup]/ructure = railway-tra9s1 & also t we may br+ 9 comp>ison1 ! fir/ susp5sion bridge ev] attempt$1 7an acc\nt ( :i* has be5 giv517 & "o ( ! la/ & l>ge/ ev] und]tak54 ,! fir/ tra9 ( c>s pass$ ov] ?is bridge on ! n9? ( ,m>*1 #ahee1 f ! ,canada to ! ,am]ican %ore1 ! eng9e & t5d] be+ cr[d$ ) p1 hav+ ! ,engli% & ,am]ican colors fly+1 :ile b&s ( music 7 play+ alt]nately ! national airs ( ,great ,brita9 & ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! op5+ ( ?is mighty & magnific5t /ructure1 well wor?y ( be+ class$ ) ! _w's wond]s1 really =ms an epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,x unites ) /rong iron b&s two c\ntries1 to ! intellig5ce & ent]prise ( ^: inhabitants ! bridge owes its exi/5ce1 & /&s a fitt+ monum5t4 ,its /r5g? c nev] be fully te/$2 ! weight ( a fully lad5 tra9 be+ b a trifle 9 comp>ison to its capacity4 ,a tra9 ( eight c>s1 fill$ ) pass5g]s1 two baggage-c>s1 locomotive & t5d]1 weigh b ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irty tuns2 ?is be+ only "o-sixtie? ( its imm5se capacity4 ,! railway portion ( ! bridge is leas$ to & controll$ by ! ,great ,we/]n railway company1 & has laid ^u x tracks ( ?ree diff]5t gauges1 viz41 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 f\r feet & eight & a half in*es2 ! ,elmira & ,niag>a ,falls1 six feet2 & ! ,great ,we/]n1 five feet & six in*es1 ?us af=d+ facilities = ! transit ( bo? pass5g]s & freight1 )\t *ange ( c>s4 ,! foll[+ /ati/ics w give "s idea ( ?is imm5se /ructure & its capacity4 ,l5g? ( span f c5t] to c5t] ( t[]s1 #hbb feet4 ,hight ( t[] above rock on ! ,am]ican side1 #hh feet4 ,hight ( t[] above rock on ! ,canada side1 #gh feet4 ,hight ( t[] above rock on ! floor ( railway1 #fj feet4 ,numb] ( wire cables1 #d ,diamet] ( ea* cable1 #aj in*4 ,numb] ( ,no4 #i wires on ea* cable1 #c1fei ,ultimate aggregate /r5g? ( cables1 #ab1dji tuns4 ,weight ( sup]/ructure1 #gej tuns4 ,weight ( sup]/ructure & maximum loads1 #a1bej tuns4 ,maximum weight ! cable & /ays w support1 #g1bjj tuns4 ,hight ( track above wat]1 #bcd feet4 ,,o!r ,,imm5se ,,bridges4 ,at ,p]u1 9 ,ill9ois1 is ! great bridge ( ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral railroad1 :i* is ?irty-five hundr$ feet1 or ne>ly two-?irds ( a mile long4 ,?is is p]haps ! greate/ "w ( ! k9d 9 all ! we/]n /ates4 ,x rea*es f bluff to bluff1 is sev5ty-five feet 9 hight1 & conta9s ov] "o million feet ( lumb]1 beside imm5se quantities ( iron & /one4 ,! top is cov]$ ) t91 & made wat]-tight2 ! tra9s ( c>s are to run on ! top ( all2 & b5ea? !m1 & betwe5 ! frames1 pass ! roads = wagons2 :ile und]nea? all are ! riv] & canal4 ,an ornam5tal rail+ is plac$ on ea* side ( ! track4 ,ano!r l>ge bridge1 on ! susp5sion pr9ciple1 is t ov] ! ,mississippi1 ne> ,/4 ,an?ony & ,m9nesopolis1 9 ,m9nesota4 ,! "w consi/s ( a wire susp5sion bridge1 ( "o span ( six hundr$ & ?irty feet1 hav+ sev5te5 feet ( roadway1 connect+ ! we/]n bank ( ! ,mississippi riv] ) ,nicollet isl&1 ab\t "o hundr$ y>ds above ! fir/ break ( its wat]s into rapids above ! falls4 ,b p]haps ! l>ge/ bridge ev] built1 w be1 :5 complet$1 t n[ erect+ ov] ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 call$ ! ,victoria 7railroad7 bridge1 :i* is to be an imm5se iron tube1 t5 ?\s&1 two hundr$ & eighty-f\r feet1 or ne>ly two miles long4 ,x is to be set on tw5ty-f\r pi]s1 f two hundr$ & tw5ty to ?ree hundr$ feet ap>t4 ,at ! highe/ po9t x w be "s sixty feet f ! wat]2 & x is e/imat$ t x w take at lea/ five ye>s to f9i% x4 ,^! are "s ( ! l>ge/ bridges1 79 addition to ^? already p>ticul>ly m5tion$17 ev] erect$ 9 any "p ( ! _w4 ,,! ,,high ,,bridge ,,at ,,h>lem4 ,! ,high bridge at ,h>lem1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut bel[1 =ms "p ( ! imm5se works erect$ to br+ ! wat] ( ! ,croton riv] into ! city ( ,new ,york4 ,! dam at ! riv]1 :i* is sev5ty feet wide at ! bottom1 sev5 feet wide at ! top1 & two hundr$ & fifty feet long & =ty feet high1 creates a pond five miles long1 cov]+ a surface ( f\r hundr$ acres1 & conta9+ five hundr$ million gallons ( wat]4 ,f ?is ! aqu$uct proce$s1 sometimes tunnel+ ?r\gh solid rocks1 cross+ valleys by embankm5ts1 & brooks by culv]ts1 till x rea*es ! ,h>lem riv]1 a di/ance ( ?irty-?ree miles4 ,x is built ( /one1 brick & cem5t1 ar*$ ov] & "u1 & is made l>ge en\gh to dis*>ge sixty millions ( gallons e tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,x crosses ! ,h>lem riv] on a magnific5t bridge ( /one1 f\rte5 hundr$ & fifty feet long1 hav+ f\rte5 pi]s1 eight ( !m be>+ ar*es ( eighty feet span1 & sev5 o!rs ( fifty feet span1 "o hundr$ & f\rte5 feet above tide-wat] at ! top4 ,! aqu$uct !n passes on to a fir/1 or receiv+ res]voir1 :i* cov]s ?irty-five acres & w hold "o hundr$ & fifty million gallons1 & !nce to ! second1 or di/ribut+ res]voir1 :i* holds tw5ty million gallons1 :5ce x is di/ribut$ by pipes ?r\gh ! city4 ,! entire co/ ( ! "w has be5 fifte5 million doll>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,high ,,bridge ,,at ,,h>lem4 ,,! ,,bo/on ,,res]voir4 ,! m5tion ( ! ,high bridge at ,h>lem1 & its connection ) ! aqu$uct :i* br+s ! ,croton wat] to ! city ( ,new ,york1 sugge/s "s notice ( ! aqu$uct by :i* wat] is br\ght to ! city ( ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts4 ,s e>ly z #agie1 an association 0 =m$ 9 ,bo/on = supply+ ! inhabitants ) pure wat]2 & = ye>s x 0 br\ght f ,jamaica pond1 9 ,roxbury1 "s f\r miles di/ant1 9 logs :i* 7 bor$ = ! purpose4 ,^! logs 7 capable ( supply+ "s fifty ?\s& gallons daily1 :i* c\ld be rais$ to ! hight ( =ty-n9e feet above tide-wat]4 ,?is supply1 h[ev]1 0 soon f\nd inadequate to ! wants ( ! city1 ?\gh 9 #ahde1 "s fifte5 miles ( pipes _h be5 laid1 & "s ?ree ?\s& h\ses 7 regul>ly suppli$ ) wat]4 ,a plan 0 !re=e =m$ 9 #ahde1 to supply ! city ) wat] f ,lake ,co*ituate1 or ,long pond1 z x 0 =m]ly call$1 ab\t tw5ty miles we/ ( ,bo/on4 ,?is lake cov]s a surface ( "s six hundr$ & fifty acres1 is sev5ty feet deep1 & dra9s ! spr+s1 x is suppos$1 ( "s elev5 ?\s& acres4 ,its elevation is "o hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r feet above spr+-tide1 s t ! desc5t is su* z to make ! conveyance ( wat] to ! city bo? easy & sure4 ,! wat] is c>ri$ 9 a brick conduit or tunnel1 high en\gh = a man to walk upright 91 z f> z ! receiv+ res]voir 9 ,brookl9e1 & f !re is tak5 9 ?irty & ?irty-six in* pipes to ! di/ribut+ res]voir on ,beacon hill1 9 ,bo/on4 ,x is ?is res]voir1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut beyond1 f :i* ! wat] is di/ribut$ 9 pipes ?r\gh\t ! city4 ,! av]age daily supply ( wat] ne$$ = ! pres5t population ( ,bo/on1 is ab\t five million gallons4 ,! wat]-works are capable ( supply+ tw5ty million gallons daily2 & ! ,co*ituate lake is capable1 7by lay+ d[n ano!r ma9 pipe17 ( supply+ =ty million gallons daily4 ,! supply ( ! lake is fully equal to ! wants ( half a million ( p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bo/on ,,res]voir4 ,,aqu$uct ,,at ,,! ,,peat ,,=e/ ,,canal4 ,?is aqu$uct =ms "p ( ! ,peat ,=e/ canal1 :i* is a bran* ( "o ( ! canals ext5d+ out f ,man*e/] 9 ,engl&4 ,! latt] city is ! great c5t] ( ! cotton manufacture = ,engl&1 & p]haps ! pr9cipal manufactur+ t[n 9 ! _w4 ,be=e ! inv5tion ( :at 0 call$ ! sp9n+-frame1 9 #agfg1 ! entire imports ( cotton into ,great ,brita9 did n am\nt to f\r million p\nds a ye>1 & ! value ( export$ cotton goods 0 n ov] "o million doll>s4 ,b s rapid has be5 ! improvem5t ( ma*9]y1 & ! increase ( manufactures1 t 9 #ahdj ! imports ( cotton am\nt$ to ! prodigi\s quantity ( ne>ly six hundr$ million p\nds1 ( :i* ne>ly five hundr$ million 7 manufactur$4 ,& 9 #ahed1 ^! imports am\nt$ to ne>ly n9e hundr$ million p\nds1 ( :i* ab\t ! same proportion 0 manufactur$ z 9 #ahdj4 ,( ?is imm5se manufacture1 ,man*e/] is ! c5t]2 & to ?is may be add$ v>i\s o!r manufactures1 z 9 silks1 wor/$s1 ma*9]y1 c41 c41 c4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is imm5se bus9ess1 seek+1 ( c\rse1 outlets to m>ket1 ,man*e/] has become a great c5t] ( int]nal navigation4 ,s e>ly z #agfa1 ! ,duke ( ,bridgewat]'s canal 0 con/ruct$2 & ?is 0 soon foll[$ by ! ,bury & ,bolton canal1 9 #agia2 by t to ,a%ton & ,oldham1 9 #agib2 & by t to ,ro*dale1 9 #agid4 ,& ^!1 aga91 are connect$ ) o!r canals 9 su* a mann] z to e/abli% an easy communication ) ! ea/]n1 c5tral & s\!rn c\nties1 includ+ ! ports ( ,hull1 ,london & ,bri/ol1 z well z ,liv]pool1 :i*1 ( all o!rs1 is ! port ( ,man*e/]4 ,x is on "o ( ^! side canals t ! aqu$uct1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut above1 is locat$2 or r1 x =ms "p ( ! canal itself4 ,x is n s mu* to be not$ = its greatness or exp5siv5ess1 z = ! fact t x 0 among "s ( ! e>lie/ /ructures ( ?is k9d1 :i* h s9ce become common :]ev] canal navigation is kn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,aqu$uct ,,on ,,! ,,peat ,,=e/ ,,canal4 ,,! ,,?ames ,,tunnel4 ,a tunnel1 9 eng9e]+1 is a subt]ranean passage cut ?r\gh a hill1 or "u a riv]1 = ! purpose ( c>ry+ a canal1 road1 or railway1 c4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable works ( ?is k9d1 ev] execut$1 is ! tunnel "u ! riv] ,?ames1 plann$ by ,mr4 ,brunel1 & successfully execut$ "u 8 direction4 ,two previ\s attempts _h be5 made to c>ry a tunnel "u ! riv]2 "o 9 #agii1 & ! o!r 9 #ahjd2 b bo? 7 unsuccessful4 ,9 #ahbd1 h[ev]1 an act ( p>liam5t1 au?oriz+ op]ations on ! plan ( ,mr4 ,brunel1 0 obta9$2 & %ortly aft] ! "w 0 comm5c$4 ,a %ort acc\nt ( ! progress ( ! "w w probably be ! be/ mode ( convey+ a notion ( ! nature & difficulty ( tunnel+ 9 g5]al4 ,mr4 ,brunel began 8 op]ations by mak+ prep>ations = a %aft fifty feet 9 diamet]1 :i* he comm5c$ "o hundr$ & fifty feet f ! riv] on ! ,surrey side2 ?is he effect$ by con/ruct+ on ! surface ( ! gr\nd a sub/antial brick cyl9d] ( t diamet]1 =ty-two feet 9 hight & ?ree feet 9 ?ickness4 ,ov] ?is he set up a /eam-eng9e1 necess>y = pump+ out ! wat]1 & = rais+ ! e>? to be tak5 f )9 ! cyl9d]1 & !n proce$$ to s9k x bodily into ! e>?4 ,by ?is means he succe$$ 9 pass+ ?r\gh a b$ ( s& & gravel tw5ty-six feet deep1 con/itut+1 9 "p1 a quicks&1 & 9 :i* ! drift-mak]s ( ! =m] und]tak+ _h be5 compell$ to susp5d _! "w4 ,! cyl9d] hav+ be5 sunk to ! dep? ( sixty-five feet1 ! horizontal excavation 0 comm5c$ at ! dep? ( sixty-?ree feet2 & 9 ord] to h suffici5t ?ickness ( gr\nd to pass safely "u ! deep "p ( ! riv]1 ! excavation 0 made to desc5d two feet & ?ree in*es 9 e hundr$ feet4 ,?is excavation is ?irty feet wide1 & tw5ty-two & a half feet high1 & ! process ( mak+ x may briefly be describ$ z foll[s4 ,x 0 accompli%$ by means ( a p[]ful app>atus ( iron1 call$ a %ield1 & :i* consi/$ ( twelve l>ge frames1 /&+ close to ea* o!r1 l s _m volumes on ! %elf ( a book-case1 ^! frames be+ tw5ty-two feet 9 hight1 & ab\t ?ree feet 9 wid?4 ,!y 7 divid$ into ?ree /ages or /ories1 ?us pres5t+ ?irty-six cells or *amb]s = ! m9]s4 ,! front ( ea* "o ( ^! cells 0 protect$ by n>r[ bo>ds1 te*nically call$ poll+-bo>ds1 ea* ( :i* 0 sep>ately held 9 its place by an app>atus con/ruct$ = ! purpose4 ,! m9] comm5c$ by remov+ ! upp] poll+-bo>d 9 8 division ( ! %ield1 ?us expos+ a small portion ( e>?2 into ?is e>? he made an excavation ( six in*es 9 dep?1 ?r[+ ! e>? beh9d him1 f :5ce x 0 remov$ to ! m\? ( ! tunnel1 & f !nce rais$ by /eam to ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,he !n replac$ ! poll+-bo>d1 caus+ x to press aga9/ ! face ( ! newly excavat$ e>?1 & ?us advanc+ x six in*es beyond ! o!r poll+-bo>ds ( 8 division4 ,!n successively tak+ d[n ! rema9+ bo>ds1 excavat+ ! e>? six in*es beh9d !m1 & replac+ ! bo>ds six in*es fur!r 9 ?an be=e1 he v soon _h advanc$ t di/ance ov] ! :ole l5g? ( 8 division4 ,all ! o!r m9]s 9 ! ?irty-six cells hav+ done ! same1 ! framework 0 mov$ =w>d1 & six in*es m ( e>? remov$4 ,x 0 9 ?is way1 by ^! sl[ degrees1 t ! "w 0 f9ally complet$4 ,z ! frame-"w advanc$1 x 0 closely foll[$ by a solid mass ( brick-"w1 inclos+ two ar*$ passages4 ,^! two passages 7 sep>at$ by a solid wall1 ?ree & a half feet at ! top & f\r at ! bottom4 ,o!r ar*es1 h[ev]1 7 =m$ 9 ?is wall1 = ! purpose ( op5+ a communication betwe5 "o tunnel & ! o!r4 ,! :ole ( ! brick-"w is laid 9 ,roman cem5t1 & ea* ar*way is f9i%$ ) a l9+ ( cem5t1 a c>riage-road1 & a n>r[ foot-pa? adjo9+ ! c5tral wall4 ,?is imm5se ent]prise 0 n f9ally complet$ )\t s]i\s delay & app>5tly insurm\ntable ob/acles4 ,! works 7 ?rice int]rupt$3 9 #ahbf1 by ! break+ (f ( ! clay1 leav+ ! %ield expos$ to ! influx ( ! l&-wat] = six weeks2 also 9 ,may1 #ahbg1 & 9 ,janu>y1 #ahbh1 :5 ! riv] broke 9 & fill$ ! tunnel4 ,?is 0 quickly rem$i$1 h[ev]1 by fill+ ! holes or *asms ) /rong bags ( clay2 ! /ructure1 on cle>+ ! tunnel ( ! wat]1 be+ f\nd 9 a mo/ satisfactory /ate4 ,"s "t lat]1 ! works 7 susp5d$ = sev5 ye>s1 ow+ to ! want ( funds4 ,p>liam5t1 h[ev]1 aft] repeat$ applications1 grant$ an advance = _! completion1 & ! works 7 resum$ & cont9u$1 till !y 7 br\ght to a successful t]m9ation4 ,! co/ ( ! tunnel1 ) ! approa*es on bo? sides ( ! riv]1 0 ab\t ?ree million & a half doll>s2 mu* less ?an ! co/ ( ! mod]n metropolitan bridges :i* span ! ,?ames betwe5 ,surrey & ,middlesex4 ,,railroad ,,tunnels4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( railroad communication has giv5 rise1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & ,europe1 to "s /up5d\s und]tak+s 9 ! way ( tunnel+2 "o or two ( :i* are wor?y ( notice z illu/rat+ ! nature & ext5t ( ?is k9d ( "w4 ,& ! fir/ ( ^! :i* we %all m5tion1 & "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable1 is ! ,box tunnel on ! ,great ,we/]n railway 9 ,engl&4 ,?is tunnel pi]ces :at is call$ ,box hill1 betwe5 ,*ipp5ham & ,ba?1 "p ( :i* is f\r hundr$ feet above ! level ( ! track4 ,x is n9ety-six hundr$ & eighty feet long1 ?irty-n9e feet high1 & ?irty-five wide to ! outside ( ! brick-"w4 ,! %afts = mak+ & v5tilat+ x1 are ?irte5 9 numb]1 & v>y 9 dep? f eighty to ?ree hundr$ & six feet4 ,! excavation am\nt$ to f\r hundr$ & f\rte5 ?\s& cubic y>ds2 & ! brick-"w & masonry1 to m ?an fifty-f\r ?\s& cubic y>ds4 ,! numb] ( bricks us$1 0 ?irty million4 ,a tun ( gunp[d] & a tun ( c&les 7 consum$ e week = two ye>s & a half2 & elev5 hundr$ m5 & two hundr$ & fifty horses 7 kept con/antly employ$ = all t "t4 ,= a consid]able di/ance ! tunnel passes ?r\gh free/one rock1 f ! fissures ( :i* !re 01 at times1 an imm5se influx ( wat]1 by :i* on "o occasion ! works 7 int]rupt$ = a p]iod ( n9e mon?s4 ,on ano!r occasion aft] an irruption1 wat] 0 = "s "t dis*>g$ by ! eng9e at ! rate ( ?irty-two ?\s& hog%eads a day4 ,?is tunnel is on an incl9$ plane ( "o 9 a hundr$4 ,!re are sev]al o!r tunnels ( great ext5t 9 ,engl&1 su* z ! ,kilsby tunnel1 on ! ,london & ,birm+ham road1 :i* is ov] sev5 ?\s& feet long2 & ! tunnel f ,wapp+ to ,edge hill1 on ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] road1 :i* is ov] six ?\s& feet long1 & q a numb] ( o!rs ( five ?\s&1 f\r ?\s&1 ?ree ?\s& feet long1 c4 ,"o ( ^! rem>kable tunnels1 is t on ! ,s\?-ea/]n or ,dov] railway1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut on ! foll[+ page1 :i* passes ?r\gh :at is call$ ,%akspe>e's cliff1 at ,dov]1 7?\gh ! cliff to :i* ! poet allud$ has be5 und]m9$ & ?r[n d[n1 & ! "n is n[ giv5 to ano!r "p ( ! same range17 on ! nor? side ( ! ,briti% *annel4 ,?is cliff is a high bluff ( *alk1 on ! we/ ( ! t[n1 ! :ite appe>ance ( :i* gave ! "n ( ,albion 7:ite7 to ,engl&4 ,!re are two op5+s 9 ! tunnel2 & ?r\gh ^! ! :izz+ locomotives fly along ! dizzy precipice1 z if x 7 an ord9>y highway4 ,!re is1 also1 a second tunnel 9 ! same cliff4 ,?is la/ is call$ ! ,abbot's-cliff tunnel1 & is ab\t a mile 9 l5g?1 com+ out on ! face ( ! rock ab\t sixty feet above ! sea4 ,! track passes along ! front ( ! ramp>t = ab\t a mile1 & !n ent]s ! ,%akspe>e tunnel1 :i* is also ab\t a mile 9 l5g?4 ,!nce1 aga91 x issues on ! face ( ! cliff1 & proce$s to ! /ation at ,dov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tunnel ,,9 ,,%akspe>e',s ,,cliff4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are q a numb] ( railroad tunnels ( great ext5t4 ,"o ( ^! is ! ,blue ,ridge tunnel1 9 ,virg9ia1 ! l5g? ( :i*1 :5 complet$1 w be =ty-two hundr$ & sixty feet1 ( :i* m ?an half is already 7#ahee7 f9i%$4 ,! "w has be5 comm5c$ on ea* side ( ! m\nta91 & is progress+ at ! rate ( ab\t fifty feet a mon?1 at :i* rate ( progress x w\ld take ab\t ?ree ye>s to complete x4 ,b probably ! mo/ gigantic "w ev] propos$ 9 ! way ( tunnel+1 is ! ,hoosic tunnel1 on ! l9e ( ! ,troy & ,gre5field railroad1 by :i* x is design$ to %ort5 ! passage f ! =m] place to ,bo/on4 ,?is imm5se tunnel x is propos$ to c>ry ?r\gh ! solid rock ( ! m\nta9 = a di/ance ( "s f\r miles1 & to make x wide en\gh = a d\ble track = ! railroad2 ! exp5se ( do+ :i* is v>i\sly e/imat$1 at f f\r million to six million doll>s4 ,by ! ord9>y me?od ( drill+ & bla/+1 x w\ld take s long a "t1 & require s l>ge an exp5diture1 t all idea ( ?us accompli%+ ! "w has long s9ce be5 giv5 up1 if1 inde$1 x 0 ev] ent]ta9$4 ,& ! plan is1 by imm5se bor+ ma*9es1 con/ruct$ = ! purpose1 to make grooves r\nd l>ge masses ( ! rock1 & :5 ^! latt] are brok5 up by bla/+1 to remove !m piece by piece4 ,sev]al su* ma*9es h be5 inv5t$ & con/ruct$ ) ref]5ce to ?is v "w1 & "o or two ( ^! h be5 f\nd successful 9 practice1 ?\gh ! imm5se /ra9 caus$ by ! bor+ is su* z to require correspond+ /r5g? 9 ! bor]4 ,to give ! necess>y v5tilation1 & n[ & !n light to ! tunnel1 bo? :5 9 ! c\rse ( con/ruction1 & especially :5 f9i%$ & 9 use1 x is propos$ at prop] int]vals to s9k dry wells1 or op5+s f ! top ( ! m\nta91 d[n to ! tunnel itself2 s t ! con/ant /ream ( air ent]+ ! m\? ( ! latt]1 at ei!r end1 may be always & /eadily pass+ up ?r\gh ^! *imneys or v5tilators1 ?us c>ry+ (f ! smoke ( ! eng9es1 or any impurities ( ! o!rwise /agnant air4 ,! "w1 :5 complet$1 if x ev] is1 w be a monum5t ( ent]prise & p]sev]ance1 unrival$ 9 ! hi/ory ( tunnel+ 9 ?is or any o!r c\ntry ( ! _w4 ,,! ,,colossus ,,at ,,rhodes4 ,?is 0 a celebrat$ braz5 image ( ,apollo1 ( ! enorm\s hight ( "o hundr$ & five ,grecian1 or "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five ,engli% feet1 plac$ at ! entrance ( "o ( ! h>bors ( ! city ( ,rhodes1 7anci5tly ,rhodus17 :i* is ab\t tw5ty miles f ! coa/ ( ,lycia & ,c>ia1 9 ! ,m$it]ranean sea4 ,! isl& ( ,rhodes is ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty miles 9 circumf]5ce1 & 0 e>ly occupi$ by a colony ( ,greeks f ,crete & ,!ssaly1 :o 9 "t became bo? weal?y & p[]ful4 ,_! capital city 0 on ! ea/ ( ! isl&2 x 0 built 9 ! =m ( an amphi!at]1 & _h num]\s spl5did build+s1 among :i* 0 a temple to ,apollo4 ,hav+ = a "t submitt$ to ! p[] ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 !y aft]w>d refus$ to assi/ ,antigonus 9 8 w> ) ,egypt1 :5 he s5t 8 son ,demetrius aga9/ !m1 ) an imm5se fleet & army4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 be+ aid$ by ,ptolemy1 k+ ( ,egypt1 7 enabl$ to repulse 8 =ces & to oblige him to agree to a peace4 ,& he be+ ?us reconcil$ to !m1 9 admiration ( ! c\rage !y _h display$1 pres5t$ to !m all ! eng9es he _h employ$ 9 ! attack1 by ! sale ( :i*1 = ?ree hundr$ tal5ts1 !y rais$ ! fam\s colossus1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,colossus ,,( ,,rhodes4 ,?is imm5se /atue1 z already said1 0 ( brass1 & 0 erect$ 9 honor ( ,apollo1 ! tutel>y god ( ! isl&1 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( ! protection he 0 suppos$ to h r5d]$ ! ,rhodians 9 _! rec5t conflict4 ,x 0 ! workman%ip ( ,*>es1 7a pupil ( ,lysippus1 a celebrat$ sculptor & /atu>y ( ,greece17 :o1 ) an assi/ant1 0 engag$ 9 ! "w = m ?an twelve ye>s4 ,! hight ( ! /atue1 z already said1 0 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet2 its ?umb 0 s l>ge t few p c\ld grasp x2 & ! f+]s 7 ea* l>g] ?an ! bodies ( /atues ( ord9>y size4 ,x 0 holl[1 & to c\nt]balance ! weight1 & r5d] x /eady on its feet1 its legs 7 l9$ ) heavy masonry2 & )9 !m1 7 w9d+ /aircases lead+ to ! top ( ! /atue1 f :i* "o c\ld easily see ,syria1 & ! %ips sail+ to ,egypt4 ,x is suppos$ to h /ood1 ) di/5d$ legs1 on ! two moles :i* =m$ ! entrance ( ! h>bor2 b z ! city _h two h>bors1 "o tw5ty1 & ! o!r fifty feet wide at ! entrance1 x has be5 suppos$ to h be5 at ! n>r[e/4 ,x bore a light1 or lant]n1 s z to s]ve z a light-h\se2 b :e!r on ! head1 or 9 "o ( ! h&s1 z repres5t$ 9 ! cut1 is n c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,! /atue 0 erect$ ,b4 ,c4 #cjj1 & aft] hav+ /ood ab\t sixty ye>s1 0 ?r[n d[n by an e>?quake4 ,aft] its fall1 ! ,rhodians solicit$ help f ! k+s ( ,mac$onia & ,egypt1 & 9 o!r c\ntries1 to enable !m to re/ore x2 & s great 0 ! comm]cial importance ( ,rhodes1 t _! appeal 0 promptly met by magnific5t gifts2 b ! oracle at ,delphos =bade !m aga9 to raise ! colossus4 ,! /atue !n rema9$ 9 ru9s = ! space ( eight hundr$ & n9ety-f\r ye>s1 :51 9 ! ye> #fgb ,a4 ,d41 x 0 sold by ! ,s>ac5s1 :o 7 !n ma/]s ( ! isl&1 to a ,jewi% m]*ant ( ,edessa1 :o load$ n9e hundr$ camels ) ! metal :i* _h compos$ x1 & :i*1 e/imat$ at eight hundr$ p\nds = ea* camel-load1 w\ld h am\nt$ to sev5 hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& p\nds' weight4 ,! "* ( ,rhodian art 0 a mix$ ,grco-,asiatic /yle1 :i* seems to h delight$ 9 execut+ gigantic & impos+ conceptions2 = beside ?is celebrat$ colossus1 7:i* 0 "o ( ! sev5 wond]s ( ! anci5t _w17 !re 7 ?ree ?\s& o!r /atues adorn+ ! city2 & ( ^!1 ab\t "o hundr$ 7 on su* a scale ( size & magnific5ce1 t ! pres5ce ( any "o ( !m w\ld h be5 ?\ght suffici5t to dignify almo/ any o!r spot4 ,! ar*itecture ( ,rhodes 0 ( ! mo/ /ately "*3 ! plan ( ! city 0 by ! same ar*itect :o built ! ,piru at ,a!ns2 & all 0 design$ ) su* symmetry1 t ,ari/ides rem>ks1 8,x is z if x _h be5 "o h\se40 ,! /reets 7 wide1 & ( unbrok5 l5g?2 & ! =tifications1 /r5g!n$ at int]vals ) l(ty t[]s1 did n appe>1 z 9 o!r cities1 deta*$ f ! build+s :i* !y inclos$1 b by _! boldness1 & decision ( outl9e1 hight5$ ! unity & conception ( ! gr\ps ( ar*itecture )94 ,! temples 7 decorat$ ) pa9t+s1 by ,protog5es1 ,zeuxis1 & o!r celebrat$ arti/s ( ! s*ool ( ,rhodes2 & ( "o ( ^! pictures1 x is said1 t :5 tak5 to ,rome1 x 0 ! object ( univ]sal admiration4 ,! isl&1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh v>i\s =tunes1 has1 = a long "t1 be5 "p ( ! ,turki% empire4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,miscellane\s ,,wond]s4 ------------------------------------ ,hav+ dwelt s long on ! ,,wond]s ,,( ,,nature1 & ! ,,wond]s ,,( ,,art1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 we pass to "s ( ! wond]s & curiosities ( ! _w ( a miscellane\s nature4 ,"s ?+s are wond]s only ?r\gh _! associations1 z is ! case ) _m ( ! localities ( ,pale/9e1 = example1 :]e ! ,savi\r liv$ & walk$1 & wr\ght 8 miracles ( p[] & m]cy4 ,"s are wond]s z exhibit+ ! inv5tive p[]s ( man1 or ! progress ( our age z comp>$ ) ano!r2 "s z exhibit+ ! s+ul>ities ( nature2 & "s z comb9+ ! wond]s bo? ( sci5ce & art4 ,! /eamboat1 ! pr9t+-press1 ! air-balloon1 ! resid5ce ( ,wa%+ton1 ! hut ( ! ,kamts*atkadale1 ! spot :]e ! 8,pilgrim ,fa!rs0 l&$1 ! telegraph1 ! div+-bell or armor1 ! prairie on fire1 ! ne/ ( ! ,african tailor-bird1 ea* ( ^!1 & ( a multitude ( o!r ?+s t might be enum]at$1 is1 9 "s way1 or = "s reason1 associat$ to our m9ds ) :at is m or less wond]ful1 :ile /ill x may n be /rictly a wond] ei!r ( nature or ( art4 ,"s ( ^! we propose n[ to notice1 int]sp]s+ !m at int]vals ) "s ( ! m miscellane\s wond]s ( nature1 or art1 or bo?1 s z to give v>iety to ! pages t foll[4 ,& ! fir/ ( ?is class ( wond]s we w notice1 is1 ,,y\le',s ,,%ot-,,t[]4 ,?is edifice1 :i* is "o ( ! be/ ( its class1 is situat$ at ! foot ( ,fifty-f\r? /reet1 on ! ,ea/ riv]1 9 ! city ( ,new ,york4 ,x is hexagonal 9 =m1 & rises to ! hight ( "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five feet2 be+ sixty feet 9 diamet] at ! base1 & gradually gr[+ small] z x rises t[>d ! top4 ,x =ms a mo/ /rik+ object ( int]e/2 & is rem>k$ by ! multitudes :o pass by x go+ up & d[n ! s\nd1 to & f ,new ,york4 ,:5 we consid] ! small size ( ! article to ! manufacture ( :i* ?is l(ty /ructure is devot$1 ! means appe> greatly out ( proportion ) ! result4 ,=m]ly 9 ca/+ %ot1 ! app>atus 0 m]ely a plate ( copp]1 9 ! holl[ ( :i* 7 pun*$ a numb] ( holes4 ,?is 0 plac$ a few feet above a kettle ( wat]1 into :i* ! melt$ lead desc5d$1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! plate4 ,b 9 fall+ s %ort a di/ance1 & be+ s sudd5ly cool$ & h>d5$1 ! %ot did n acquire a p]fectly globul> =m1 a desid]atum :i* is n[ atta9$ by means ( %ot-t[]s4 ,9 ! t[] ( ,mr4 ,mc,cullough1 ! l>ge/ %ot falls f ! summit ( ! t[] to ! bottom ( a well tw5ty-five feet bel[ ! surface ( ! e>?1 mak+ ! desc5t "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five feet4 ,! size ( ! %ot is det]m9$ by ! size ( ! holes ?r\gh :i* x passes4 ,! furnaces = melt+ ! lead are situat$ ne> ! top ( ! t[]2 ?ree or f\r tuns ( %ot are manufactur$ p] day4 ,?is me?od ( ca/+ %ot 0 inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,watt1 ! celebrat$ eng9e]1 9 consequ5ce1 x is said1 ( a dream4 ,he tri$ ! exp]im5t f ! t[] ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y1 ,radcliffe1 & f9d+ x v successful1 obta9$ a pat5t1 :i* he aft]w>d sold = t5 ?\s& p\nds4 ,!re are n[ sev]al %ot-t[]s 9 ! vic9ity ( ,london1 & diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w2 b none m wor?y ( notice ?an ! "o ( :i* we are n[ speak+4 ,an iron /aircase asc5ds f ! base to ! summit ( ! t[]4 ,ars5ic is m+l$ ) ! lead 9 proportion ( =ty p\nds to "o tun4 ,9 ca/+1 ! metal is p\r$ ?r\gh a tube1 b desc5ds ?r\gh ! op5 space ( ! t[] 9 a cont9ual /ream ( silv]y drops4 ,z ! weight ( ! lead prev5ts x f scatt]+ or be+ bl[n ab\t l wat]-drops1 ! workm5 pass to & fro1 )\t dang]1 close by ?is fi]y cascade4 ,! %ot is ( diff]5t sizes1 f numb] "o1 swan %ot1 to numb] twelve1 du/ %ot4 ,mr4 ,james ,mc,cullough has br\ght ! art ( ! manufacture ( ! %ot to p]fection4 ,c]ta9 portions ( 8 factory are kept entirely secret2 & ! %ot manufactur$ 9 ,new ,york are n surpass$ 9 ! _w4 ,! cause ( mo/ ( ! imp]fections 9 ! manufacture ( lead %ot1 is ! too rapid cool+ ( ! sph]ules by _! be+ dropp$ too hot into ! wat]1 :]eby _! surfaces =m a solid cru/1 :ile ! int]ior rema9s fluid1 & 9 its subsequ5t concretion %r9ks s z to produce ! irregul>ities ( ! %ot4 ,! pat5t %ot-t[]s orig9ally con/ruct$ 9 ,engl&1 obviate ?is evil1 by expos+ ! fus$ sph]ules1 aft] !y pass ?r\gh ! cull5d]1 to a l>ge body ( air dur+ _! desc5t into ! wat]-tub plac$ on ! gr\nd4 ,! greate/ erection ( ?is k9d is probably at ,villa*1 9 ,c>9?ia1 be+ two hundr$ & =ty ,vi5na1 or two hundr$ & =ty-n9e ,engli% feet high4 ,! foll[+ is ! process4 ,melt a tun ( s(t lead1 & spr9kle r\nd ! sides ( ! iron pot ab\t two %ovelfuls ( wood a%es1 tak+ c>e to leave ! c5t] cle>4 ,!n put into ! middle ab\t =ty p\nds ( ars5ic1 to =m a ri* alloy ) ! lead4 ,cov] ! pot ) an iron lid1 & lute ! jo9ts quickly ) loam or mort>1 to conf9e ! ars5ical vapors1 keep+ up a mod]ate fire to ma9ta9 ! mixture fluid = ?ree or f\r h\rs2 aft] :i*1 skim c>efully1 & run ! alloy into +ots or pigs4 ,! composition ?us made is 9 proportion ( "o pig to "o ?\s& p\nds ( melt$ lead4 ,two or ?ree tons are usually melt$ at once 9 l>ge e/abli%m5ts4 ,a cru/ ( oxyd ( a :ite spongy nature1 sometimes call$ cream by ! workm51 cov]s ! surface ( ! lead1 :i* is ( use to coat ov] ! bottom ( ! cull5d]4 ,! cull5d]s are holl[ hemisph]es ( %eet-iron1 ab\t t5 in*es 9 diamet]1 p]=at$ ) holes p]fectly r\nd & free f burs4 ,^! mu/ be ( a uni=m size 9 ea* cull5d]2 b1 ( c\rse1 a s]ies ( diff]5t cull5d]s1 ) sort$ holes = e diff]5t size ( lead %ot1 mu/ be prep>$4 ,! op]ation is always c>ri$ on ) ?ree cull5d]s at a "t1 :i* are support$ ^u project+ grates ( a k9d ( *af+-di% made ( %eet-iron1 some:at l a triangle4 ,?is *af+-di% %\ld be plac$ imm$iately above ! fall2 :ile at ! bottom !re mu/ be a tub half-fill$ ) wat]1 = receiv+ ! granulat$ lead4 ,! cull5d]s are n 9 contact1 b mu/ be p>t$ by burn+ *>coal1 9 ord] to keep ! lead con/antly at ! prop] temp]ature1 & to prev5t its solidify+ 9 ! filt]4 ,! hight f :i* ! p>ticles %\ld be let fall1 v>ies likewise ) ! size ( ! %ot2 z ! congelation is ! m rapid1 ! small] !y are4 ,! workman !n puts ! filt] /uff into ! cull5d]1 press+ x well aga9/ ! sides2 he next g5tly p\rs lead into x ) an iron ladle4 ,! c5t] ( ! cull5d] be+ less hot1 af=ds l>g] %ot ?an ! sides4 ,occasionally1 also1 ! ?ree cull5d]s employ$ toge!r1 may h holes ( diff]5t sizes2 ! %ot w !n be ( diff]5t magnitudes4 ,^! are sep>at$ by squ>e sieves ( diff]5t f95ess1 & aft] pass+ ?r\gh o!r m9ute processes1 are ready = sale & use4 ,,! ,,emp]or ,,f\nta94 ,?is spl5did f\nta91 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut beyond1 is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable 9 ! _w1 & 9 commemoration ( a visit paid to x 9 #ahdd1 by ! emp]or ( ,russia1 x 0 call$ ! ,emp]or f\nta91 ?\gh s9ce ! outbreak ( ! w> betwe5 ,great ,brita9 & ,russia1 ! "n is said to h be5 *ang$ to t ( ! ,victoria f\nta94 ,x is situat$ 9 ,*atswor?1 "o ( ! mo/ luxuri\s seats ( ! ,engli% nobility2 fam\s = its exce$+ beauty & its co/ly embelli%m5ts4 ,its walks1 lawns1 p>t]res1 mimic ,alp9e sc5]y1 cons]vatories1 g>d5s1 cascades1 halls1 pictures1 & sculpture1 & music1 & f\nta9s1 h all be5 con/ruct$ & arrang$ ) consummate ta/e & ) lavi% exp5se4 ,a mon? w\ld sc>cely suffice to visit all t is wor?y ( obs]vation 9 ?is wond]ful place1 & p]haps few sights c\ld produce a deep] impression ( ! weal? possess$ by ! ,engli% ari/ocracy4 ,we h f ?is munific5t /oreh\se select$ a s+le object to be del9eat$ by ! p5cil4 ,! ,emp]or f\nta9 is f$ by imm5se artificial res]voirs on ! hills above ,*atswor?1 cov]+ eight acres ( gr\nd1 into :i* v>i\s spr+s & /reams h be5 div]t$4 ,our ,am]ican ideas ( a f\nta9 are usually limit$ to a beautiful jet ( wat] =c$ tw5ty or ?irty feet 9 hight2 h5ce x is ) amazem5t1 if n incr$ulity1 t we he> ( ! f\nta9 ( ,*atswor?1 :i* ?r[s its jet to ! hight ( two hundr$ & sixty-sev5 feet6 ,su* is ! velocity ) :i* ! wat] is eject$1 t x is calculat$ to escape at ! rate ( "o hundr$ miles a m9ute6 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,emp]or ,,f\nta94 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,m9t ,,9 ,,philadelphia4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates m9t 0 f\nd$ 9 #agij2 & ! bus9ess ( co9+ comm5c$ 9 #agic1 9 ! build+ n[ occupi$ by ! ,appr5tice's libr>y4 ,9 #ahcj1 x 0 remov$ to ! f9e build+ x n[ occupies1 on ,*e/nut /reet1 above ,olive /reet4 ,! edifice is ( :ite m>ble2 & ! nor? front1 opposite to ,p5n squ>e1 is "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet long1 ) a portico ( sixty feet long1 hav+ six ,ionic columns2 :ile ! s\? front1 on ,*e/nut /reet1 has a simil> portico4 ,s9ce ! enorm\s influx ( gold f ,cali=nia1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates m9t has become an object ( m ?an common int]e/ & att5tion2 & ! place is usually fill$ ) visitors1 wat*+ ! v>i\s processes ! metal goes ?r\gh be=e x comes out 9 f9i%$ co94 ,! ma*9]y & app>atus by :i* ^! are accompli%$1 are ( ! mo/ complete & p]fect "*4 ,! rooms 9 :i* ! smelt+1 ref9+1 & alloy+ are done1 are spaci\s ap>tm5ts 9 :i* a l>ge numb] ( workm5 are employ$4 ,heaps ( ! ri* ores are to be se5 ly+ ar\nd1 j z !y 7 extract$ f ! m9es1 or ga!r$ 9 du/ f ! s&s ( ! m\nta9-/reams ( ,cali=nia4 ,b>s ( ! pure metal1 ( ?\s&s ( doll>s' value1 are pass+ ?r\gh h&s1 :i* l ^? ( ! fabl$ ,midas1 seem to turn all !y t\* into gold4 ,! heat ( ?is place is v great2 ! fires gl[ ) ! int5sity ( ^? 9 a f\nd]y2 ! m51 9 appe>ance1 resemble ! workm5 9 a smi?y2 & !re is a suffocat+ s5sation ( hot air1 /eam1 & p]spiration1 p5etrat+ ! atmosph]e1 :i* is any?+ b pleasant to exp]i5ce1 especially :5 "o is palpitat+ "u ! heat ( a summ] temp]ature1 )\t ! fre%ness ( ! op5 air to modify & alleviate x4 ,crucibles are h&l$ ) iron tongs1 & cotton or wool5 mitt5s2 & ! metal is %ap$ into b>s1 & !n r$uc$ to ! requisite f95ess4 ,all ?is takes place 9 "o ap>tm5t4 ,9 ano!r room1 is se5 a mo/ beautiful /eam-eng9e1 :i* drives all ! roll+ & /amp+ ma*9]y4 ,x is ( "o hundr$ horse-p[]1 & works ! roll+ ma*9]y1 ! draw-b5*es1 & ! cutt+ presses4 ,x is call$ a /eeple-eng9e1 & has two cyl9d]s2 its boil]s are =ty feet long1 & =ty in*es 9 diamet]2 & ! /eam f !m also moves a t5 horse1 & a five horse eng9e1 9 ! sep>at+ & clean+ ap>tm5ts4 ,?is ma9 eng9e is ( ! mo/ elegant workman%ip1 poli%$ l a piece ( cutl]y1 & works ) ! mo/ admirable precision & regul>ity1 )\t ! lea/ p]ceptible j>1 & ) sc>cely a noise4 ,f ?is room1 ! visitor walks into t :]e ! roll+ ma*9es are at "w1 turn+ out ! metal to ! prop] degree ( ?ickness :i* ea* p>ticul> k9d ( co9 requires4 ,! metal is ca/ into +ots f\rte5 in*es long1 & ab\t five-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick2 & ^! are roll$ to v ne> ! prop] ?ickness1 :5 !y are pass$ ?r\gh ! draw-b5*es to equalize !m4 ,! /rips are !n cut at ! presses1 :i* is done at ! rate ( ab\t two hundr$ to two hundr$ & sixty p] m9ute4 ,!re are f\rte5 m5 employ$ 9 ?is room1 two at ea* pair ( rolls4 ,! pieces1 z ?us cut1 !n pass to ! adju/+ room1 :]e ea* piece is weigh$ sep>ately1 & if too heavy1 fil$ d[n1 or if too light1 or any way imp]fect1 ?r[n back to be remelt$4 ,!re are fifty-f\r females employ$ 9 ?is room4 ,! pieces are next tak5 to ! mill+ & co9+ room1 :]e f two hundr$ to f\r hundr$ are mill$ 9 a m9ute1 accord+ to _! size4 ,9 ano!r ap>tm5t1 ! co9s are cut ) a pun* to ! desir$ size1 & !n /amp$4 ,= ?is purpose !y are plac$1 by a p]son seat$ at ! ma*9e1 9 a p]p5dicul> tube1 d[n :i* !y desc5d1 "o at a "t1 be+ seiz$ z !y drop by a "p ( ! ma*9]y1 :i* pu%es ! co9 "u ! /amp1 :5ce x falls b5ea? ! ma*9e into a glass-cov]$ box4 ,?is "p ( ! process us$ =m]ly to be p]=m$ by a press :i* requir$ eight m5 to "w its lev] & screw2 b n[ ! process requires sc>cely any manual labor except h&l+ ! v>i\s pieces ( co94 ,! rapidity ) :i* ! pieces are execut$1 is surpris+2 be+ at ! rate ( f sev5ty-five to two hundr$ p] m9ute4 ,c5ts1 dimes1 doll>s1 eagles & d\ble-eagles are turn$ out ) equal facility1 ! process be+ ! same 9 all4 ,"s idea ( ! ext5siv5ess ( ^! op]ations may be _h1 :5 x is /at$1 t1 9 a s+le mon?1 lately1 ne>ly ?ree million pieces ( gold1 silv] & copp] 7 co9$1 & t ov] f\r million doll>s 9 value are co9$ e mon?4 ,9 addition to ! o!r attractions ( ! m9t1 !re is a mo/ ext5sive cab9et ( co9s1 anci5t & mod]n1 ( v>i\s nations1 :i* is "o ( ! greate/ ( curiosities to be f\nd1 probably1 9 any "p ( ! _w4 ,"h1 too1 are exhibit$ specim5s ( all ! exi/+ or pa/ co9s ( ! m9t itself1 & models or specim5s ( any int5d$ co9s4 ,! (fic]s & att5dants ( ! m9t are polite & att5tive to all visitors1 & endeavor to make _! visit "o ( in/ruction z well z amusem5t2 & any "o1 by call+ at appo9t$ h\rs1 c g ?r\gh ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts ( ! build+1 & see ! v>i\s processes :i* h ?us be5 describ$4 ,,! ,,air ,,balloon4 ,f ! e>lie/ ages1 ! notion ( fly+ 9 ! air1 ei!r by w+s or by sup]natural ag5cy1 seems to h be5 9 ! m9ds ( at lea/ "s ( mank9d2 b ! idea ( ! balloon1 consi/+ ( an envelope conta9+ some?+ light en\gh to make x rise & float 9 common air1 is comp>atively ( mu* lat] date4 ,x is said t ! fir/ def9ite notion ( ! balloon orig9at$ ) a ,jesuit1 by ! "n ( ,francis ,lana1 :o 9 #afgj conceiv$ ! idea ( rais+ metal balls 9 ! atmosph]e1 :i* _h previ\sly be5 exhau/$ ( air1 b :i* %\ld be at ! same "t s ?91 z to weigh less ?an _! bulk ( air4 ,! exp]im5t1 h[ev]1 he nev] tri$1 z1 9 8 age1 x 0 n believ$ t ,god w\ld all[ an inv5tion to succe$1 by means ( :i* civil gov]nm5t c\ld s easily be di/urb$4 ,lat] exp]im5ts h prov$ t /r5g? to resi/ ! ext]nal air is incompatible ) ! necess>y degree ( ?9ness 9 ! mat]ial4 ,f ?is p]iod1 "o hundr$ ye>s elaps$1 be=e ! idea ( rais+ a body 9 ! air1 by means ( its be+ light] ?an ! air ^: space x occupies1 0 pursu$ any fur!r4 ,9 #aghb1 an attempt 0 made to raise bodies fill$ ) hydrog5 gas1 a sub/ance :i*1 z is well kn[n1 is light] ?an atmosph]ic air4 ,! exp]im5t] succe$$1 h[ev]1 9 rais+ no?+ heavi] ?an a soap-bubble4 ,9 ! same ye>1 ! bro!rs ,montgolfi]1 pap]-mak]s at ,lyons1 attempt$ to raise a pap] balloon by means ( hydrog5 gas4 ,be+ unsuccessful 9 ?is1 !y conceiv$ ! idea ( apply+ fire und]nea? a l>ge balloon ( pap] built ^u a framework ( wood1 & conta9+ a receptacle = fire 9 ! place :]e1 9 mod]n balloons1 ! c> is susp5d$4 ,?is exp]im5t be+ s f> successful z to %[ ! correctness ( ! pr9ciple1 !y next made a balloon ( l95 clo?1 & k9dl$ "u x a fire made & f$ by bundles ( *opp$ /raw1 app>5tly ) ! impression t x 0 ! smoke r ?an r>efi$ air :i* _h ! asc5d+ p[]4 ,! balloon1 ?us inflat$1 rose ab\t a mile 9 a direct l9e1 & !n describ$ a horizontal l9e ( ab\t sev5 ?\s& feet1 aft] :i* x gradually sunk4 ,! next attempt 0 ^u a balloon ( lute/r+ dipp$ 9 a solution ( ,india rubb]1 & fill$ ) hydrog5 gas4 ,! exp]im5t at fir/ fail$1 b on ! tw5ty-sev5? ( ,augu/1 ! same ye>1 at ,p>is1 ! balloon rose beautifully to a great hight1 & fell ab\t twelve miles (f4 ,soon aft]1 animals 7%eep1 ducks1 c47 7 s5t up2 & on ! fifte5? ( ,octob]1 ! fir/ human a]onaut made an asc5t ( a hundr$ feet4 ,! balloon1 h[ev]1 0 held by a rope1 & connection ) ! e>? n entirely sev]$4 ,a mon? lat]1 on ! tw5ty-fir/ ( ,novemb]1 ! d>+ feat ( completely leav+ ! e>? 0 p]=m$ by two g5tlem51 "o ( :om 0 ,m4 ,rosi]1 & ! o!r ! ,m>quis d',arl&es4 ,! balloon 0 a ,montgolfi]1 or "o 9 :i* ! elevat+ p[] 0 air r>efi$ by fire4 ,! signature ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 :o at t "t 0 ,am]ican m9i/] to ,p>is1 is ^u ! (ficial pap] describ+ ! balloon1 its dim5sions1 c4 ,x 0 sev5ty feet high1 =ty-six 9 diamet]1 & c>ri$ a weight ( f sixte5 to sev5te5 hundr$ p\nds2 x rose to ! hight ( five miles 9 tw5ty-five m9utes4 ,:5 ! a]onauts wi%$ to asc5d /ill high]1 !y %ook a bundle ( /raw into ! flame2 :5 !y wi%$ to s9k1 !y let ! fire smold]1 or ext+ui%$ x ) a wet sponge4 ,! attempt 0 successful1 & ! voyag]s alight$ 9 safety1 aft] an abs5ce ( a little less ?an an h\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,air ,,balloon4 ,! fir/ trial ( a hydrog5 balloon 0 made a week lat]1 f ! g>d5 ( ! ,tuill]ies1 j aft] sunset4 ,x asc5d$ two miles ) p]fect ease2 its occupants "h came 9 sight ( ! sun1 :i* seem$ to rise aga91 z at morn+1 9 ! ea/4 ,! balloon & its two travel]s 7 ! only illum9at$ objects1 all ! re/ ( nature be+ plung$ 9 %ad[4 ,dur+ ! next two ye>s1 _m asc5sions 7 made by diff]5t p]sons1 & successive improvem5ts & inv5tions 7 add$4 ,! p>a*ute 0 inv5t$ 9 #aghd1 & ! fir/ attempt at /e]+ a balloon 0 made 9 ?is ye>1 b )\t success4 ,9 #ahjb1 ,m4 ,g>n]9 desc5d$ successfully f a great hight by means ( a p>a*ute4 ,9 #ahjf1 two a]onauts asc5d$ to su* a di/ance1 t !y came into an atmosph]e s r>efi$ z to bur/ ! balloon4 ,! remnants1 h[ev]1 broke ! fall1 & !y desc5d$ 9 safety4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury to ! pres5t day1 b little progress has be5 made 9 an art :i* seems de/9$ to be ( little s]vice to mank9d4 ,no possible means ( guid+ ! balloon h yet be5 discov]$1 or any practicable me?od ( giv+ x a horizontal motion1 s z to )draw x f ! influ5ce ( w9ds & curr5ts4 ,x has n[ become a m]e toy1 & = any practical or sci5tific purpose1 has long s9ce ceas$ to be ( ! slighte/ acc\nt4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ balloons ev] con/ruct$ is t ( ,mr4 ,gre51 a celebrat$ ,engli% a]onaut1 :i* is call$ ! ,cont95t1 & has made _m asc5sions f ,london & ,p>is4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( an asc5t f ! ,hippodrome at ,p>is1 9 #ahdh1 is f a lead+ ,fr5* j\rnal4 ,x is f ! p5 ( ,!ophile ,gauti]1 an em95t ,p>isian romanc] & feuilletoni/4 8,la/ ,sunday1 ab\t five o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 ,gre5's balloon sprung f ! inclosure ( ! ,hippodrome into ! blue abyss ( ! heav5s4 ,! asc5sion ( a balloon is c]ta9ly n a novelty at ! pres5t day2 b an a]o/at1 l ! "o belong+ to ,gre51 is n ( ! ord9>y class3 its colossal dim5sions1 ! extraord9>y c>e ) :i* x is con/ruct$1 ! com=t ( its arrangem5ts1 make x ! wond] ( a]ial navigation1 & place x 9 ! rank ( a vessel ( a hundr$ guns4 ,to see x swell+ its enorm\s taffeta case "u ! net-"w ( cords :i* holds ! c> l9$ ) r$ velvet1 "o feels p]fectly at ease z to ! dang]\s *ances ( a voyage ?r\gh ! air4 ,x w\ld seem saf] ?an an excursion 9 a dilig5ce or ^u a railroad4 ,admitt$ into ! res]v$ inclosure1 we ( c\rse saw ! dep>ture1 be+ ne> ! spot4 ,no?+ c\ld be m quiet or m g5tle4 ,mr4 ,gre51 9 a black coat & :ite cravat1 l a g5tleman go+ out to d9e1 /epp$ into 8 c>riage--,i %\ld say 8 balloon--) confid5ce & self-possession4 ,a *>m+ "y ,engli% girl1 accompani$ by a fri5d1 _h already tak5 h] place 9 ! boat or c>4 ,%e 0 calm & smil+2 animation t+$ h] *eeks slightly1 b x arose r f emb>rassm5t at see+ s _m eyes fix$ ^u h]1 ?an f any fe> :atev]4 ,h] intellig5t face brea!d t confid5ce 9 ! inv5tions ( human g5ius1 :i* *>act]izes ! ,engli% & ,am]ican races4 ,a ,p>isian lady w\ld h scream$ l\dly4 8,! balloon held by cords1 trembl$1 & balanc$ itself1 prep>+ to take flight4 ,a /rong cord /ill held x to ! e>?1 b soon1 ^u a signal f ,mr4 ,gre51 ! cable 0 cut1 & ! a]ial vessel arose /eadily1 ) a movem5t at once easy1 p[]ful1 & ( exce$+ maje/y4 ,z mu* z ! locomotive has an inf]nal appe>ance1 s has ! balloon a cele/ial "o1 )\t any play ^u words4 ,! "o borr[s its auxili>ies f iron1 coal1 fire & boil+ wat]2 ! o!r employs only silk & gas1 a ?9 clo? fill$ ) a light w9d4 ,! eng9e1 ) its frightful %rieks1 its noisy rattl+1 & its black puffs ( smoke1 runs ^u inflexible rails1 ro>s ?r\gh ! b[els ( ! e>?1 & dives into ! d>kness ( tunnels1 seem+ z if seek+ "s evil g5ius :o might h inv5t$ x2 ! balloon1 )\t noise & )\t ef=t1 leaves ! e>?1 :]e ! laws ( gravity hold u1 & m\nts tranquilly up t[>d heav54 ,unhappily1 ! balloon1 l ! fanci$ inspiration ( ! poet1 goes :]e ! w9d guides x2 ?is e "o kn[s2 :ile ! /eam-eng9e1 l prose1 goes /raight ^u its road4 ,gre5 & 8 balloon 7 soon ov]look+ ,p>is & all its horizon2 long trails ( s&1 balla/ t he ?rew ov] to raise himself high]1 /reak$ ! heav5s ) _! :ite tracks1 prov+1 by ! "t x took !m to desc5d to ! e>?1 ! hight to :i* ! intrepid a]onaut _h m\nt$ 9 a few m9utes4 ,he _h disappe>$1 :ile ! cr[d 0 /ill look+ = him1 9 ! blue dep?s ( ! atmosph]e4 ,:at a spl5did & magnific5t spectacle ! triumphal ar*1 & ! giant city ) its black ants1 illum9at$ by ! sett+ sun1 mu/ h af=d$ him6 ,:at greatness1 & at ! same "t :at littl5ess6 & h[ mean1 f t di/ance1 mu/ seem ! c>es & ambitions ( ! _w6 8,:ile look+ ) ! re/ ( ! cr[d1 a _w ( ?\ghts came :irl+ ?r\gh our bra94 ,! balloon1 :i* x 0 endeavor$ to make p]=m a useful "p 9 ! battle ( ,fleurus1 & at ! siege ( ,t\lon1 has only be5 consid]$1 up to ?is "t1 z an amus+ exp]im5t ( natural philosophy4 ,x is made to figure 9 fetes & 9 public solemnities2 = ! cr[d1 :o h m feel+ = great ?+s ?an academies & wise bodies1 feel an int]e/ 9 balloon asc5sions1 :i* has n dim9i%$ s9ce ! fir/ attempts ( ,montgolfi]4 ,x is a pr(\ndly human in/9ct1 :i* induces u to foll[ into ! air1 until x is lo/ to ! sight1 ?is globe swell$ ) smoke1 z if x conta9$ ! de/9ies ( ! future4 ,man1 ! k+ ( creation 9 intellig5ce1 is1 physically1 b indiff]5tly end[$4 ,he has nei!r ! swiftness ( ! /ag1 ! eye ( ! eagle1 ! sc5t ( a dog1 ! w+ ( ! bird1 nor ! f9 ( ! fi%2 = ev]y?+ 9 man is sacrific$ to ! bra94 ,all ^! auxili>ies he has be5 =c$ to furni% himself by ! skill ( 8 h& & ! sweat ( 8 br[4 ,! horse1 ! c>riage & ! rail-c> make up to him = 8 want ( spe$2 ! telescope & ! microscope equal ! eagle's eye2 ! compass enables him to foll[ a track z un]r+ly z a dog2 ! %ip1 ! /eamboat & ! div+-bell op5 to him ! dom9ion ( ! wat]s4 ,no?+ rema9$ b ! air1 :]e ! bird escap$ u1 foll[$ only a few hundr$ feet by ! arr[ or gun1 +5i\s means ( br++ di/ances ne>] toge!r4 ,x really seems z if ,god %\ld h giv5 u su* w+s z ! pa9t]s l5d ! angels2 b ! beauty & gr&eur ( man consi/ 9 8 n hav+ ^! giant app5dages1 or be+ emb>rass$ by f9s4 ,) ! p[] ( ?\ght1 & ! h&1 t admirable tool1 he mu/ seek & f9d1 out ( himself1 all 8 physical p[]s4 8,! idea ( m\nt+ into ! air is n new2 x is n to-day t ,phaeton ask$ to get into ,phbus's c>1 & t ,ddalus laun*$ into ! air 8 son ,ic>us4 ,_! desc5ts 7 only unaccompli%$ asc5ts4 ,! griff9s1 ! hippogriffs1 ! ,pegasus1 ! w+$ %oes ( ,m]cury1 ! arr[ ( ,ab>ys1 ! c>pet ( ! f\r ,fac>d9s1 te/ify to ! cont9uance & p]si/5ce ( ?is idea4 ,at night1 does n ! dream deliv] u f ! laws ( weight8 ,does x n give u ! faculty ( go+1 ( com+1 & ( fly+ to ! summit ( ?+s be=e unatta9able1 or ( los+ ourselves 9 ! inf9ite hights8 ,?is g5]al & (t-repeat$ dream1 :i* expresses ! secret desire ( humanity1 has x n some?+ prophetic8 ,p]haps mod]n skepticism treats too lightly ! mean+ ( ^! flights ( ! s\l1 tempor>ily fre$ f ! m e>?ly control ( reason & s5se4 ,) ! a/oni%+ simplicity ( ! op]ations ( nature1 a miracle took place 9 ! fireplace1 )\t attract+ att5tion1 e "t t ! smoke c>ri$ out ( ! *imney a piece ( burnt pap]4 ,x requir$ six ?\s& ye>s to take a h9t f ?is simple fact4 ,! balloon floats 9 ! air z oil floats ^u w9e1 z cork ^u wat]1 z ! cannon-ball ^u m]cury1 by relations ( weight & ( lightness1 "o s+le law ev]y:]e4 ,b un=tunately1 ! balloon has nei!r w+s1 nor tail1 nor neck1 nor feet1 no?+ :i* c guide x2 x is a vessel )\t sail or helm1 a fi% )\t f9s1 a bird )\t fea!rs2 x floats1 t is all2 x is imm5se1 & x is no?+4 ,:y d n all ! inv5tors1 wise me*anicians1 *emi/s1 poets1 occupy !mselves by endeavor+ to solve ! problem ( ! guid+ ( balloons8 ,is x n %ameful = man to h f\nd ! hippogriff :i* transports him to ! cele/ial regions1 & n to "k h[ to guide x2 :ile e day ! birds g & come on airy w+s1 z if to in/ruct & defy u8 ,! air1 al?\gh a fluid1 (f]s po9ts ( propulsion1 s9ce ! condor1 or ! sp>r[1 m\nts1 desc5ds1 goes to ! "r & left1 quickly or sl[ly1 z he pleases2 & :y %\ld n man be able to d ! same8 ,! "t :5 he %all d ?is may be ne>4 ,t w be a great day6 ,man w truly become ma/] ( 8 planet1 & w h conqu]$ 8 atmosph]e6 ,no m seas1 no m riv]s1 no m m\nta9s1 no m valleys2 t w be ! true reign ( lib]ty4 ,m]ely by ?is k ( ! direction ( balloons1 ! :ole face ( ! _w w *ange imm$iately4 ,o!r =ms ( gov]nm5t1 o!r mann]s1 a new /yle ( ar*itecture1 a diff]5t sy/em ( =tification1 w be ne$$2 b !n m5 w no long] make w>4 ,! cu/om-h\se & its taxes1 & ! /ronghold1 w disappe>4 ,visit1 if y c1 ) y\r gauge & y\r y>d/ick1 balloons t5 ?\s& feet 9 ! air2 ( :at use w be moats1 dit*es1 portcullis & bridges1 aga9/ an a]ial army8 ,:at a f9e spectacle x w be to see cross+ "o ano!r 9 ! air1 at diff]5t hights1 ^! sw>ms ( balloons1 pa9t$ ) brilliant colors1 guid$ dur+ ! day by ! light1 & at night ) _! lant]ns1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( />s trav]s+ ! firmam5t6 ,! asc5sion ( ! highe/ m\nta9s w !n be b *ild's play4 ,we %all p5etrate into ,*9a1 & g to ,timbuctoo z "o goes to ,/4 ,cl\d2 ! des]ts ( ,africa1 ( ,asia & ( ,am]ica1 w be =c$ to deliv] up _! secrets4 ,we %all g ev5 to ! bord] ( ! atmosph]e :i* surr\nds u4 ,we %all visit creation 9 e nook & recess4 ,!re w be s]vant balloons & ma/] balloons2 & 9 speak+ ( ! luxury or extravagance ( a p]son1 x w be said1 #8,he is ri*2 he has a balloon ( ?irty-f\r ?\s& cubic feet ( gas2' :i* w be equival5t to say+ t he has a coa* & f\r4 ,& :5 ?is dream is realiz$1 ! execution ( ano!r1 already dream$ by ! poets1 w be attempt$4 ,man1 arriv$ at ! outw>d limits ( 8 atmosph]e1 w wi% to leave 8 planet2 & w s]i\sly attempt to rea* ! moon6 ,& :o %all say t at "s "t he %all n d x80 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,navigation4 ,,! ,,progress ,,( ,,navigation4 ,"o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w1 is to be f\nd 9 trac+ ! progress ( navigation1 f its small beg9n+1 up to its pres5t wond]ful condition & results4 ,!re is an old leg5d1 t1 ages ago1 a piece ( re$ float+ on ! wat]1 fir/ sugge/$ ! idea ( navigation4 ,& if s1 ! next /ep might h be51 ! use ( logs = cross+ riv]s2 !n1 ! use ( rafts2 !n1 ( canoes ( holl[$ logs2 & !n1 ( artificial boats1 ( v>i\s =ms & mat]ials1 "s ( wood1 "s ( sk9s1 & "s ( b>k4 ,! e>lie/ navigators on an ext5d$ scale 7 ! ,phnicians1 :o made voyages ?r\gh ! ,m$it]ranean1 & along ! nor!rn coa/s ( ,europe1 & d[n ! ,r$ sea1 z e>ly z ! days ( ,solomon1 "o ?\s& ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,_! e>lie/ attempts to navigate ! wat]s1 might p]haps be repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ cut1 9 :i* sev]al =ms ( boats may be se54 ,_! l>g] & lat] vessels 7 some:at ( ! %ape ( ^? n[ 9 use1 ?\gh m p]haps ( ! ,dut*1 ?an ( ! ,engli% or ,am]ican =m4 ,! sails ( ^! vessels are said to h be5 sugge/$ by ! little sea animal1 call$ ! nautilus4 ,! vessels !mselves _h no decks1 & 7 n ov] tw5ty or ?irty tuns' burd54 ,!y _h ma/s & rudd]s1 & ! pr[ 0 decorat$ ) pa9t & gild+1 & repres5t$ ! image ( "s god4 ,! %ips ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 9 aft] times1 7 l>g]1 b !y 7 unc\? /ructures1 manag$ ) difficulty1 & liable to num]\s accid5ts & h9drances4 ,! w> %ips 7 no?+ b l>ge r[-boats4 ,^! 7 v long & n>r[1 l canoes4 ,! cable & an*or 7 lat] inv5tions4 ,! latt] at fir/ 0 a l>ge /one4 ,9 ! days ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 vessels ( imm5se size 7 occasionally built1 b !y 7 ( little use1 except = ! transportation ( heavy objects4 ,9 ! middle ages1 navigation made little progress2 b ab\t ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 its /rides 7 prodigi\s4 ,! m>9]'s compass _h be5 inv5t$1 & ! sailor _h n[ a guide ov] ! my/]i\s ocean4 ,h5ce ,am]ica 0 discov]$ 9 #adib1 ?\gh ! ?ree %ips ( ,columbus 7 n s l>ge z our common s*oon]s1 & _h no prop] decks2 s t x seems a wond] to u1 t ) ^! comp>atively small vessels he %\ld h v5tur$ s f> on ! mighty deep4 ,f 8 day to ! pres5t1 !re has be5 a /eady advance 9 %ip-build+4 ,! =ms ( vessels h be5 improv$2 _! size greatly increas$2 & _! numb] multipli$1 a ?\s& fold2 s t if ! great navigator 7 n[ aga9 to visit ! e>?1 he w\ld be a/oni%$ at ! huge /ructures built z packet & freight %ips = cross+ ! ocean4 ,= a long "t1 ! ,engli% took ! lead 9 %ip-build+2 b x is n[ admitt$ t ! fa/e/ vessels 9 ! _w1 z well z ^? ( mo/ graceful appe>ance1 are ^? built 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ! cut above1 is a view ( "o ( our l>ge packet-%ips1 j ready to be laun*$ f ! /ocks4 ,vessels ( ?is class may v>y f fifte5 hundr$ to two ?\s& tuns' burd52 _! ma9 cab9s are beautifully furni%$ ) mahogany & gild$ c>v+s2 & no exp5se is sp>$ t may contribute to _! elegance1 or ! com=t ( pass5g]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,laun* ,,( ,a ,,packet-,,%ip4 ,,/eam ,,navigation4 ,s f> z we "k1 ! anci5ts 7 unacqua9t$ ) ! nature & prop]ties ( /eam4 ,"s acc\nts1 inde$1 h come d[n to u1 ( eng9es ( a v e>ly date1 su*1 = example1 z t propos$ by ,h]o1 ( ,alex&ria1 9 :i* ! me*anical ag5cy ( /eam 0 m or less us$2 b x does n appe> t ^? :o inv5t$ & appli$ ^! ma*9es1 und]/ood ! prop]ties ( vapor1 or _h any correct idea ( ! effect ( heat :5 appli$ to liquids4 ,ev5 at a mu* lat] date1 ! effects produc$ by /eam 7 ascrib$1 n to ! vapor ( wat]1 b to ! =ce ( ! air :i* 0 suppos$ to be expell$ f wat] by heat4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,de ,caus propos$ ! con/ruction ( a ma*9e by :i* a column ( wat] 0 rais$ by ! ela/ic =ce ( /eam1 b he does n seem to h und]/ood ! pr9ciple on :i* x 0 effect$4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! same c5tury1 ,"l ,worce/] publi%$ ! description ( a high pressure /eam-eng9e1 :i* has s9ce =m$ s rem>kable a feature 9 all hi/ories ( /eam-eng9es4 ,t[>d ! latt] end ( ! c5tury1 h[ev]1 ! actual prop]ties ( vapor began to be m unfold$4 ,9 #afhc1 ,sir ,samuel ,morl& discov]$ ! exact num]ical proportion 9 :i* wat] increases its volume :5 evaporat$4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 ,pap9 discov]$ ! me?od ( produc+ a vacuum by ! cond5sation ( /eam2 & ?is discov]y 01 by o!rs1 soon appli$ to me*anical purposes4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ,watt appli$ himself to ! improvem5t ( ! /eam-eng9e2 & f ?is "t =w>d1 ! v>i\s discov]ies ( *emi/ry1 & ! exp]im5ts ( sci5tific & practical m51 prep>$ ! way = rapid progress 9 ! application ( /eam4 ,9 #agic1 ,fulton1 ! celebrat$ eng9e]1 engag$ actively 9 endeavor+ to improve inl& navigation4 ,ev5 at t e>ly p]iod1 he _h conceiv$ ! idea ( propell+ vessels by /eam2 & he speaks1 9 "s ( 8 manuscripts1 ) great confid5ce ( its practicability4 ,9 #agig1 he w5t to ,p>is1 &1 :ile !re1 project$ ! fir/ panorama t 0 ev] exhibit$ !re4 ,he also plann$ a subm>9e boat4 ,9 #ahjc1 he complet$ 8 fir/ /eamboat1 :i* 0 tri$ ^u ! ,se9e1 & prov$ completely successful4 ,he n[ proce$$ to ,new ,york1 to c>ry 8 ideas ( /eam navigation into practical effect2 & 9 #ahjg1 8 fir/ /eamboat1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut beyond1 asc5d$ ! ,hudson riv]1 to ! great delight & wond] ( ?\s&s ( spectators4 ,%e 0 call$ ! ,cl]mont2 & 0 only "o hundr$ feet long1 twelve wide1 & sev5 deep4 ,h] fir/ trip 0 made1 ,septemb] fir/1 #ahjg1 f ,new ,york to ,albany1 "o hundr$ & sixty miles1 9 ?irty-six h\rs2 ! f>e = ! passage be+ sev5 doll>s1 exclusive ( meals4 ,?us ?is great man br\ght to a successful issue 8 long m$itat$ inv5tion1 & det]m9$ ! possibility ( apply+ /eam to navigation4 ,sev]al /eamboats 7 soon aft] con/ruct$ "u ,mr4 ,fulton's directions1 & also a /eam-frigate4 ,he cont9u$ to make v>i\s exp]im5ts till 8 dea?1 :i* occurr$ 9 #ahae4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fulton',s ,,fir/ ,,/eamboat4 ,/ill lat] ?an ?is1 we f9d a description ( ! ,clyde /eamboat1 :i* is spok5 ( 9 an ,engli% magaz9e z foll[s3 8,its extreme l5g? is sev5ty-five feet1 its bread? f\rte5 feet1 & ! hight ( ! cab9s six & a half feet4 ,%e is built v flat1 & draws f two feet & n9e in*es to ?ree feet ( wat]4 ,! be/ or aft]-cab91 is tw5ty feet long1 & is ent]$ f ! /]n3 betwe5 ! aft]-cab9 & ! eng9e1 a space ( fifte5 feet is allott$ = goods4 ,! eng9e is a twelve horsep[]1 & occupies fifte5 feet2 ! =e-cab9 is sixte5 feet long1 & is ent]$ f ! side4 ,! paddles1 sixte5 9 numb]1 =m two :eels ( n9e feet diamet]1 & f\r feet broad1 made ( hamm]$ iron3 !y dip into ! wat] f "o foot & ?ree in*es to "o foot & six in*es4 ,along ! out] edge ( ^! :eels a plat=m & rail are =m$ q r\nd ! vessel1 project+ ov] ! sides1 & support$ by timb]s rea*+ d[n to ! vessel's side4 ,?is /eamboat runs at ! rate ( f\r or f\r & a half miles p] h\r 9 calm wea!r2 b aga9/ a consid]able breeze1 ?ree miles only4 ,x c accommodate two hundr$ & fifty pass5g]s1 & is wr\ght by five m54 ,! eng9e consumes twelve hundr$ weight ( coals p] day4 ,! funnel ( ! boil] is tw5ty-five feet high2 & c>ries a squ>e-sail tw5ty-two feet 9 bread?40 ,9 ! same connection1 we f9d an article publi%$ 9 ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 by ,sir ,ri*>d ,phillips1 ) ! express object ( giv+ cle> ideas ( ! utility ( /eamboats1 & ( quiet+ appreh5sions z to _! safety1 :i* at ! pres5t day x is truly amus+ to read4 ,! writ] says3 8,! gr\ndless al>ms relative to a suppos$ increase ( dang] f travel+ by /eam-packets1 l$ ! editor ( ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 )9 ! curr5t mon?1 7,july1 #ahag17 to make a voyage1 9 "o ( !m1 f ,london to ,m>gate4 ,?is vessel left h] moor+s1 at ! ,t[] ( ,london1 ab\t half pa/ eight 9 ! morn+1 at ! "t ! tide 0 runn+ /rong up ! riv]1 & :5 no o!r vessel c\ld make progress1 except 9 ! direction ( ! tides4 ,! /eam-packet proce$$1 h[ev]1 aga9/ ! /ream1 9 a gallant /yle1 at ! rate ( six or sev5 miles an h\r2 & a b& ( music1 play+ lively airs on ! deck1 comb9$ ) ! /ead9ess ( ! motion1 to r5d] ! effect delightful4 ,an exam9ation ( ! /eam-eng9e1 & ( h] rate ( work+1 prov$ t no possibility ( dang] exi/s4 ,x appe>$ t ! boil] _h be5 prov$ at tw5ty-five p\nds to ! squ>e in*2 b t ! valve 0 held d[n by a weight ( only f\r p\nds1 & t ! m]curial gauge did n indicate an employm5t ( actual pressure ( above two p\nds & a half p] squ>e in*4 ,h5ce x foll[s1 t1 al?\gh ! eng9e 0 capable ( su/a9+ a pressure ( at lea/ tw5ty-five p\nds1 only f\r p\nds1 or less ?an a six?1 0 ! :ole =ce :i* ! valve w\ld p]mit to be ex]t$2 & t1 9 po9t ( fact1 a pressure ( only two p\nds & a half to ! squ>e in*1 or only "o-t5? ( ! prov5 p[] ( ! boil]1 0 employ$4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 less dang] 9 pass+ "s h\rs 9 contact ) su* a ma*9e1 ?an !re is 9 sitt+ ne> a boil+ tea-kettle1 tea-urn1 or saucepan1 "u circum/ances 9 :i* !y are (t5 us$4 ,opposite ,gre5wi*1 a f9e comm5t>y 0 af=d$ ( ! value ( /eam z a navigat+ p[]1 9 pref]5ce to w9ds & tides2 a ,m>gate sail+-packet pass+ t[>d ,london1 :i* _h be5 a day & two nights on its passage1 a p]iod ( "t :i* x appe>s is n uncommon4 ,9 %ort1 ) un9t]rupt$ pleasure1 & 9 an h\r soon] ?an ! capta9 _h nam$ at />t+1 ! vessel 0 c>ri$ along-side ,m>gate pi]1 hav+ employ$ n9e h\rs 9 p]=m+ a voyage ( n9ety miles4 ,9 ?is case x appe>$1 t a pressure ( two p\nds to ! squ>e in*1 produc$ ab\t =ty rotations p] m9ute ( ! act+ wat]-:eels2 &1 z ^! 7 t5 feet 9 diamet]1 ! motion ( ! impell+ floats1 or :eel-paddles1 w\ld be at ! rate ( fifte5 )1 or aga9/ ! /ream1 at an av]age ( t5 miles an h\r4 ,! consumption ( coals dur+ ! voyage 0 less ?an a caldron2 b x 0 describ$ z am\nt+ frequ5tly to a caldron & a half4 ,on ! :ole1 no?+ c\ld be m demon/rative ( ! wor? & security ( ?is mode ( navigation2 & !re c be little d\bt b1 9 a few ye>s1 vessels ( e size1 & = e ext5t ( voyage1 w be provid$ ) _! /eam-eng9e1 :i* w be m us$1 & m dep5d$ ^u1 ?an w9ds or tides4 ,! *ances ( accid5ts are l[] ?an ^? "u mo/ o!r circum/ances 9 :i* m5 are plac$ 9 travel+4 ,by l&1 horses kill _! ?\s&s p] annum1 op5 *aises _! hundr$s1 & /age-coa*es _! scores2 &1 by wat]1 ! unc]ta9ty ( w9ds has de/roy$ ?\s&s1 by prolong+ ! voyage1 & increas+ ! exposure to bad wea!r2 b 9 a /eam-packet1 navigat$ by an eng9e ^: prov5 p[]s necess>ily exce$ :at c be ex]t$ dur+ its use1 or 9 g5]al by su* eng9es z ^? us$ on ! ,?ames or ,clyde1 no accid5t c possibly happ52 unless1 by a miracle1 x 7 to happ51 t a =ce ( f\r p\nds %\ld ov]come a resi/ance ( tw5ty-f\r p\nds40 ,f ! above amus+ article1 we pass to notice ! imm5se ocean /eam]s ( ! pres5t day1 z !y s =cibly illu/rate ! progress ( /eam navigation4 ,! *ief l9es ( ^? ) :i* we are famili>1 are ! ,cun>d l9e & ! ,coll9s l9e1 bo? ply+ betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,engl&4 ,be=e describ+ !m p>ticul>ly1 h[ev]1 x %\ld "h be m5tion$1 t ! fir/ /eam%ip t ev] cross$ ! ,atlantic sail$ f ,savannah1 9 ,georgia1 = ,liv]pool1 on ! tw5ty-six? ( ,may1 #ahai1 & made ! voyage 9 tw5ty-two days4 ,%e 0 telegraph$ at ,liv]pool z 8a %ip on fire0 & a rev5ue-cutt] 0 dispat*$ to h] relief1 :5 ! (fic]s & crew ( ! latt] 7 /ruck ) a/oni%m5t at n be+ able to ov]take a vessel "u b>e poles4 ,at ,liv]pool1 & aft]w>d at ,cop5hag51 ,/ockholm1 & ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 :i!r %e w5t1 %e 0 visit$ by cr[ds ( wond]+ p2 & at ! latt] place a s]vice ( plate 0 pres5t$ to h] (fic]s4 ,%e 0 comm&$ by ,capta9 ,rodg]s1 ( ,new ,london1 ,conn41 & "s ( h] (fic]s are /ill liv+4 ,aft] ?is1 x 0 a long "t be=e ano!r /eam%ip cross$ ! ,atlantic4 ,at la/1 h[ev]1 ! exp]im5t 0 aga9 & /ill aga9 tri$1 until n[ ! ocean is con/antly trav]s$ by ! huge /eam]s above allud$ to1 9 ! av]age "t ( ab\t elev5 days & a half1 ?\gh ! passage has be5 made1 9 "s s+le cases1 9 a little ov] n9e days4 ,a good idea ( ^! ocean /eam]s may be =m$ f ! view giv5 ( "o ( !m 9 ! cut bel[1 9 connection ) ! foll[+ description ( ! ,baltic1 belong+ to ! ,coll9s l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,ocean ,,/eam]4 ,! ,baltic is ( ?irty-two hundr$ tuns' burd51 c>p5t]'s measure2 9 l5g?1 two hundr$ & eighty-sev5 feet2 bread? ( beam1 =ty-six feet2 dep? ( hold1 ?irty-two feet2 to ! top ( ! gunwale1 ?irty-f\r feet & six in*es4 ,! diamet] ( h] :eels is ?irty-six feet2 ! numb] ( floats1 7correspond+ to ! buckets or paddles ( a common wat]-:eel17 tw5ty-six 9 ea* :eel2 _! l5g?1 twelve feet & a half2 _! bread?1 tw5ty-eight1 & _! ?ickness1 ?ree in*es & a half2 ea* float be+ arm$ ) ?ree hundr$ p\nds ( iron1 s t x requires six m5 to lift x4 ,! eng9e has two work+ cyl9d]s1 ea* n9ety-six in*es 9 diamet]2 ! l5g? ( _! /roke is t5 feet2 & ! numb] ( revolutions is f elev5 to f\rte5 9 a m9ute4 ,! vacuum is equival5t to f\rte5 p\nds ^u ! squ>e in*2 a ne> approximation to a p]fect vacuum1 :i* corresponds to fifte5 p\nds on ! squ>e in*4 ,! pressure ( /eam is f twelve to tw5ty p\nds ^u ! squ>e in*2 usually f twelve to fifte5 p\nds2 ?is is all ! am\nt ( ! p[] t5d+ to produce explosion1 :ile includ+ :at is ga9$ by ! vacuum1 ! effective motive p[] is equival5t to tw5ty-six1 tw5ty-n9e & ?irty-f\r p\nds on ! squ>e in*4 ,! highe/ pressure us$ 9 an ord9>y passage may be ab\t eighte5 p\nds1 equival5t to a work+ =ce ( ?irty-two p\nds2 & ! l[e/ ab\t sev5 or eight p\nds1 giv+ a mov+ =ce ( tw5ty-"o or tw5ty-two p\nds4 ,! ability ( ! boil]s corresponds to fifty p\nds1 & ) ! addition ( ! vacuum1 to sixty-f\r p\nds2 x foll[s1 !re=e1 t !y are g5]ally work$ ) less ?an half _! p[]4 ,! entire weight ( ! /eam ma*9]y is "o ?\s& tuns1 & x occupies sixty feet 9 ! l5g? ( ! %ip4 ,z to capacity = pass5g]s1 !re are "o hundr$ & sixty b]?s1 aside f ! accommodations = ! p ( ! %ip4 ,z to /r5g? ( /ructure1 ! timb]s are fitt$ side by side1 & calk$ s tight t x 0 said ! %ip w\ld float ev5 be=e %e 0 plank$4 ,plates ( iron six in*es wide & an in* & a qu>t] ?ick1 are let1 obliquely1 into ! timb]s at ! di/ance ( tw5ty-eight in*es f ! c5t]s ( ea*1 & !re=e !y are tw5ty-two in*es ap>t4 ,^! are cross$ obliquely by o!r b>s or plates ( ! same dim5sions1 :i* are let into ! bo>ds or planks t are nail$ ov] !m4 ,copp] bolts1 = tw5ty feet f ! keel1 pass ?r\gh ! plates ( iron at _! int]section1 & 9 _m o!r places1 & copp] %ea?+ cov]s eighte5 feet ( ! l[] "p ( ! hull1 ! draught be+ n9ete5 feet1 & tw5ty ) ! coal 94 ,! %ips ( ?is l9e are z /rong z wood1 iron & copp] c make !m1 & !y h>dly leak at all4 ,!y w\ld be> long ?ump+ ^u ! rocks be=e !y w\ld g to pieces4 ,! movem5t ( ! ma*9]y1 & ! /roke ( ! waves1 produce sc>cely a p]ceptible tremor1 & n ! slighte/ deviation 9 ! deck f a "r l9e c be se51 :5 view$ horizontally f /em to /]n ?r\gh its l5g? ( ne>ly ?ree hundr$ feet4 ,no op5+ ( a jo9t is p]ceiv$ ev5 9 ! beams t =m ! capp+ ( ! gunwale2 a knife-blade c n be pass$ betwe5 _! contigu\s ends4 ,! ma*9]y re/s on an iron b$-plate1 on ! keelson1 or eng9e b$2 & ! b$-plate1 :i* is ca/ 9 "o piece1 weighs =ty tuns4 ,! ma*9]y is bel[1 & is invisible f ! deck1 except ?r\gh c]ta9 doors4 ,a wave c h>dly rea* x at all1 ev5 %\ld x break ov] ! %ip2 & by clos+ ! ap]tures above1 ! eng9e room is safe f flood+1 :ile v5tilation is secur$ by l>ge tubes1 hav+ _! orifices high] ?an ! upp] or prom5ade deck4 ,! p bel[1 on ! level ( ! keelson1 :]e !re is little motion1 h>dly "k :5 !re is a /orm above2 !y live 9 a comp>atively quiet _w ( _! own1 & always 9 a tropical climate1 ev5 :5 among iceb]gs4 ,! work+ ( ! ma*9]y is admirable4 ,x travels onw>d ) ! greate/ ease & regul>ity2 ev5 ) a heavy head-w9d & oppos+ waves1 x moves l clockwork1 )\t app>5t labor1 ?r[+ up its mighty arms & mov+ its pond]\s lev]s z if !re 7 no weight to be lift$1 or vis in]ti to be ov]come4 ,by obs]vations made up to ! t5? day ( "o ( ! passages1 !re _h n be5 ! slighte/ leak ( /eam1 nor _h x be5 necess>y to turn a screw1 al?\gh = sev]al days toge!r !re 0 a heavy head-sea1 impell$ by adv]se w9ds4 ,except ! effect ( hidd5 flaws 9 ! imm5se masses ( wr\ght iron t =m "s ( ! pr9cipal mov+ p>ts1 !re seems to be little cause = anxiety1 z ! ma*9]y appe>s to be1 9 g5]al1 equal to e em]g5cy4 ,dang] f fire1 is always a subject ( anxiety2 b 9 %ips protect$ z ! ,baltic is1 ! dang] is believ$ to be less ?an 9 a sail+ %ip4 ,! eng9e room is l9$ ) iron2 ! boil]s & _! furnaces are ev]y:]e surr\nd$ by t metal & by wat]1 & no wood is 9 a position to be unduly heat$4 ,all lights1 except ^? necess>y to ! managem5t ( ! %ip1 are ext+ui%$ at elev5 o'clock2 _m p are up all night1 & are ab\t 9 e place2 !re are fire-eng9es always ready to flood ! %ip1 & !y are adapt$ s z to be wr\ght bo? by h& & by /eam p[]4 ,! behavior ( ! ,baltic z a sea-boat1 is admirable 9 e v>iety ( wea!r4 ,?is imm5se vessel rides ^u ! waves l a duck1 & has1 9 g5]al1 a dry & com=table deck1 r>ely %ipp+ a sea1 al?\gh ! spray da%es ov] ! =eca/le 9 %[]s4 ,! %ip is w>m$ by /eam tubes1 pass+ "u ! m>ble tables4 ,m ?an fifty p]sons are employ$ ab\t ! ma*9]y1 ( :om =ty-eight att5d to ! coal & ! fires1 & !re are six or eight eng9e]s4 ,!re are betwe5 ?irty & =ty s]vants1 tw5ty or tw5ty-five sailors1 & ?ree or f\r sup]num]>y (fic]s2 9 all1 ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty1 besides pass5g]s4 ,! /yle & furni%+ ( ! ,baltic are elegant1 ri* en\gh = a nobleman's villa4 ,( mirrors1 l>ge & small1 !re are ab\t fifty2 inde$1 !y are 9 su* excess t a pass5g] c n look 9 any direction )\t meet+ 8 own image or ! faces ( 8 companions4 ,! tables ( ^! /eam]s are amply suppli$1 & h ! be/ att5dance2 & ( luxuries1 !re seems to be no end4 ,! saloons ( ^! /eam]s are fitt$ up 9 sup]b /yle4 ,"s ( ! table-cov]s are ( beautiful v>iegat$ m>ble1 & ! panels ar\nd are f9ely decorat$ ) emblems ( ! v>i\s ,am]ican /ates4 ,! cab9-w9d[s are ( beautiful pa9t$ glass1 embelli%$ ) ! arms ( v>i\s ,am]ican cities4 ,!re are l>ge circul> glass v5tilators rea*+ f ! deck to ! l[] saloon4 ,!re is a ri* & elegant ladies' draw+-room ne> ! *ief saloon1 & !re are b]?s = ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty pass5g]s4 ,ea* b]? has a bell-rope communicat+ ) "o ( ,jackson's pat5t$ ,am]ican annunciators4 ,cross+ ! ocean 9 "o ( ^! /eam]s1 "s "o has said1 is no cross at all6 ,su* are ! pres5t ocean /eam]s2 & yet ev5 ^! imm5se /ructures w soon be ?r[n 9 ! backgr\nd by /eam]s ( /ill va/] dim5sions4 ,= ! ,ed9burgh ,j\rnal gives an acc\nt ( an imm5se iron /eam]1 n[ 7#ahee7 be+ con/ruct$ = ! ,au/ralian trade1 :i* w f> surpass !m4 ,! actual measurem5ts ( ?is levia?an vessel are1 six hundr$ & sev5ty-five feet long1 eighty-?ree feet wide at h] greate/ bread? ( beam1 & sixty feet deep 9 ! hold1 =m+ f\r decks4 ,%e w be furni%$ ) paddle-:eels & a screw1 ! =m] ( a nom9al p[] ( "o ?\s& horses1 ! latt] ( sixte5 hundr$ horses2 b practically1 ! comb9$ p[] may be e/imat$ at ?ree ?\s& horses4 ,! f\r cyl9d]s 9 :i* ! pi/ons are to "w1 are ! l>ge/ 9 ! _w2 ea* ( !m weighs tw5ty-eight tuns4 ,:5 !y are ly+ on ! gr\nd1 a man1 ) 8 hat on1 may walk ?r\gh !m )\t t\*+ ! upp] side4 ,! eng9es1 :5 erect$ & put toge!r1 w be upw>d ( fifty feet 9 hight4 ,! weight ( ! entire ma*9]y w be ab\t ?ree ?\s& tuns1 & ( ! hull1 t5 ?\s& tuns1 mak+ ?irte5 ?\s& tuns4 ,%e w c>ry sev]al ?\s& tuns ( coal & m]*&ise1 sixte5 hundr$ pass5g]s1 & h] measurem5t capacity gives ab\t tw5ty-five ?\s& tuns' burd56 ,not)/&+1 h] draught ( wat] w be b small1 n exce$+ tw5ty feet :5 light1 & ?irty feet :5 fully load$4 ,%e w c>ry five or six ma/s1 & five funnels4 ,h] co/ w be ab\t eighte5 hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,%e w c>ry coal en\gh = a voyage r\nd ! _w1 & is built ^u a model to insure great spe$4 ,h] ord9>y spe$ is expect$ to be eighte5 or tw5ty miles an h\r4 ,%e is expect$ to make ! voyage f ,engl& to ,au/ralia 9 ?irty days1 & return by ,cape ,horn 9 ?irty days m2 ?us mak+ ! circuit ( ! globe 9 two mon?s4 ,m wond]ful /ill1 x is said t ,mr4 ,v&]bilt1 ( ,new ,york1 is ab\t build+ an imm5se /eam]1 :i* is to be eight hundr$ feet 9 l5g?1 & ( correspond+ proportions ?r\gh\t1 :i* ( c\rse w surpass ev5 ! huge /eam%ip j describ$4 ,:]e ! rivalry & ent]prise 9 ?is matt] are to end1 :o c tell8 ,,*9ese ,,junks4 ,z 9 p]fect & wond]ful contra/ to ! magnific5t float+ palaces j describ$1 we close ! subject ( navigation by a view ( ! clumsy ,*9ese junk1 :i* is repres5t$ 9 ! cut bel[4 ,! ,*9ese1 ?\gh nei!r a savage1 nor a b>b>\s p1 are /ill1 9 mo/ respects1 v unlike o!r civiliz$ nations4 ,9 h\ses1 dress1 furniture1 equipage1 wor%ip1 inde$1 9 mo/ ( ! actions1 feel+s1 & op9ions ( life1 !y are a peculi> p4 ,!y h1 9 fact1 /ruck out a civilization ( _! own4 ,_! religion1 _! lit]ature1 _! arts1 are all ,*9ese1 & no?+ b ,*9ese4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve t al?\gh1 = _m c5turies1 !y h be5 a cultivat$ p1 & h ev5 prec$$ ! ,europeans 9 _m useful & +5i\s discov]ies1 !y seem to /& /ill at a c]ta9 po9t1 beyond :i* !y are n capable ( improvem5t4 ,!re !y rema91 c5tury aft] c5tury2 &1 :ile o!r nations h surpass$ !m1 !y /ill conceive t !y are ! mo/ le>n$1 civiliz$ & poli%$ p 9 ! _w4 ,all o!r nations !y conceive to be b>b>ians1 & hold !m 9 sup]cili\s contempt4 ,& ! ,*9ese vessels may s]ve z a sample ( _! national "*4 ,we give above a picture ( "o ( _! junks1 :i* %[s "s +5uity1 & no little indu/ry2 yet h[ clumsy1 h[ ineffective is x1 9 comp>ison ) a ,yankee /eamboat6 ,! ,*9ese c g1 by d9t ( r[+1 ?ree miles an h\r1 :ile we g fifte54 ,?is is ab\t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! en]gy ( ! ,*9ese & ! civiliz$ p ( ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*9ese ,,junks4 ,,! ,,artesian ,,well ,,( ,,gr5elle4 ,artesian wells1 or f\nta9s1 are made by bor+ 9 ! e>? to a great dep?1 till at la/ wat] rises to ! surface1 & (t5 ) su* =ce z to =m abundant & elevat$ jets4 ,! "n artesian is d]iv$ f ,artois1 a prov9ce ( ,france1 :]e especial att5tion has be5 giv5 to ?is means ( obta9+ wat]2 ?\gh x appe>s f suffici5t evid5ce1 t wells ( ?is k9d 7 well kn[n to ! anci5ts4 ,olympiadorus1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! six? c5tury at ,alex&ria1 /ates t :]e wells 7 dug 9 ! oases ( ! des]t to ! dep? ( two1 ?ree or five hundr$ y>ds1 riv]s ( wat] gu%$ out f _! orifices1 ( :i* advantage 0 tak5 by agriculturi/s to wat] _! fields4 ,! olde/ artesian well kn[n 9 ,france1 is at ,lill]s1 9 ,artois1 & is said to h be5 made 9 #aabf4 ,9 ! great des]t ( ,sah>a1 wat] is said to h be5 obta9$ 9 ?is way2 & ! ,*9ese1 we are told1 h practic$ x = ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,artesian wells are n[ common 9 ,europe & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! artesian well ( ,gr5elle1 is a fam\s f\nta9 ( ?is k9d1 & z su* is wor?y ( notice4 ,x is n f> f ! ,hotel des ,invalides1 & 0 und]tak5 *iefly ) ref]5ce to ! great slaught]-h\ses 9 its vic9ity4 ,x 0 begun ,janu>y fir/1 #ahcd1 & ! bor+ 0 prosecut$ dur+ sev5 ye>s & two mon?s4 ,x op5$ ) a diamet] ( twelve in*es2 at ! dep? ( ?irte5 hundr$ feet x 0 contract$ to six in*es4 ,wat] 0 /ruck at ! dep? ( eighte5 hundr$ feet1 & ! entire dep? is two ?\s& feet1 or ne>ly two-fif?s ( a mile4 ,! wat] rose at fir/ 9 a f9e ?read1 b soon aft] x came s rapidly z to injure ! ma*9]y4 ,x rose to ! hight ( "o hundr$ & twelve feet above ! surface2 high en\gh to fl[ into ! attics ( ! mo/ l(ty h\ses 9 ,p>is1 & into _m ( its t[]s4 ,! entire dep? ( ! bor+ is five & a half times ! hight ( ! dome ( ! ,hotel ( ! ,invalids1 & m ?an five times t ( ! cross on ! summit ( ,/4 ,paul's1 9 ,london4 ,9 a diagram ( ! /rata1 se5 9 section1 ! ca!dral ( ,/rasburg1 & ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 at ,rome1 are figur$ at ! bottom on ! level ( ! subt]ranean f\nta91 & !y appe> v humble1 comp>$ ) ! great di/ance to ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,! fl[ ( ! wat] 0 equival5t to six hundr$ gallons 9 a m9ute2 five hundr$ ?\s& gallons 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 & ! quantity ?us f> is n dim9i%$4 ,"s "t aft] ! op5+ ( ! well1 x fl[$ b\ntifully ov] ! top ( ! tube1 & ) a =ce t w\ld d\btless h rais$ x to ! full hight1 al?\gh at t "t ! upp] "p ( ! tube _h be5 remov$ = repairs4 ,x _h collaps$1 & a new tube 0 ab\t to be ins]t$2 ! old tube 0 tw5ty-"o in*es wide at ! top & sev5 at ! bottom2 b ! new tube 0 to be r$uc$ to five in*es4 ,x is n[1 & 0 =m]ly1 made ( galvaniz$ iron4 ,! temp]ature ( ! wat]1 at fir/1 0 eighty-?ree & ?ree-f\r?s degrees ( ,fahr5heit1 & x is n[ /at$ to be eighty-five degrees2 a degree ( p]man5t heat f> exce$+ t ( midsumm] 9 ,p>is4 ,inde$1 x is s w>m1 t x does n answ] = ! use ( ! slaught]-h\ses1 z 0 at fir/ propos$1 & !y are compell$ to resort to wat] f o!r s\rces4 ,x 0 q w>m to ! t\*1 :5 a h& 0 imm]s$ 9 x4 ,! labor att5d+ ?is bor+ 0 imm5se2 & great difficulties 7 enc\nt]$4 ,! bor+ in/rum5t broke sev]al times1 & fell 94 ,?is happ5$ at ! dep? ( ?irte5 hundr$ & ?irty-five feet1 & x requir$ incessant labor dur+ f\rte5 mon?s to recov] x4 ,! gov]nm5t1 at ^: exp5se x 0 prosecut$1 01 at times1 ne>ly disc\rag$4 ,q rec5tly1 9 bor+ an artesian well 9 ,liv+/on1 ,alabama1 an egg 0 br\ght up f ! dep? ( ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-five feet bel[ ! surface1 ( :i* di/ance1 ?ree hundr$ feet 7 ?r\gh ! solid rock4 ,! egg 0 completely petrifi$1 & p]fect 9 %ape1 except 9 "o place :]e ! aug] _h defac$ x4 ,h[ x came !re1 & 9 :at remote age1 x might puzzle ! wise/ geologi/ or philosoph] to tell6 ,,! ,,banyan-,,tree4 ,! banyan1 or burr tree1 ! ficus ,indica ( ,l9nu1 a picture ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut beyond1 claims our p>ticul> att5tion4 ,x is consid]$ z "o ( ! mo/ curi\s & beautiful ( ,nature's productions 9 ! g5ial climate ( ,india1 :]e %e sports ) ! greate/ pr(usion & v>iety4 ,ea* tree is 9 itself a grove1 & "s ( !m are ( an amaz+ size1 z !y are cont9ually increas+1 &1 contr>y to mo/ o!r animal & vegetable productions1 seem to be exempt$ f decay3 = e bran* f ! ma9 body ?r[s out its own roots1 at fir/ 9 small t5d] fib]s1 sev]al y>ds f ! gr\nd1 :i* cont9ually gr[ ?ick]2 until by a gradual desc5t1 !y rea* its surface2 :]e1 /rik+ 91 !y increase to a l>ge trunk1 & become a p>5t tree1 ?r[+ out new bran*es f ! top4 ,^!1 9 "t1 susp5d _! roots1 &1 receiv+ n\ri%m5t f ! e>?1 swell into trunks1 & %oot =? o!r bran*es2 ?us cont9u+ 9 a /ate ( progression s long z ! fir/ p>5t ( !m all supplies h] su/5ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,banyan-,,tree4 ,a banyan-tree ) _m trunks1 =ms ! mo/ beautiful walks1 vi/as & cool recesses1 t c be imag9$4 ,! leaves are l>ge1 s(t1 & ( a lively gre52 ! fruit is a small fig1 ( a bright sc>let :5 ripe1 af=d+ su/5ance to monkeys1 squirrels1 peacocks1 & birds ( v>i\s k9ds1 :i* dwell among ! bran*es4 ,! ,h9doos are peculi>ly fond ( ?is tree2 !y consid] its long duration1 its out/ret*+ arms1 & ov]%ad[+ b5efic5ce1 z emblems ( ! ,deity1 & almo/ pay x div9e honors4 ,! ,brahm9s1 :o ?us 8f9d a fane 9 e sacr$ grove10 sp5d mu* ( _! "t 9 sup]/iti\s solitude "u ! %ade ( ! banyan-tree2 !y plant x ne> ! dewals1 or ,h9doo temples1 improp]ly call$ pagodas2 & 9 ^? villages :]e !re is no /ructure = public wor%ip1 !y place an image "u "o ( ^! trees1 & !re p]=m _! morn+ & ev5+ sacrifice4 ,^! are ! trees "u :i* a sect ( nak$ philosoph]s1 call$ ,gymnosophi/s1 assembl$ 9 ,arrian's days2 & ?is hi/orian ( anci5t ,greece1 says ,=bes1 9 8 8,ori5tal ,memoirs10 af=ds a true picture ( ! mod]n ,h9doos4 8,9 w9t] ! ,gymnosophi/s enjoy ! b5efit ( ! sun's rays 9 ! op5 air2 & 9 summ]1 :5 ! heat becomes excessive1 !y pass _! "t 9 cool & moi/ places1 "u l>ge trees2 :i*1 accord+ to ! acc\nts ( ,ne>*us1 cov] a circumf]5ce ( five acres1 & ext5d _! bran*es s f>1 t t5 ?\s& m5 may easily f9d %elt] "u !m40 ,on ! banks ( ! ,n>budda1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,guzz]at1 is a banyan-tree1 suppos$ by "s p]sons to be ! "o describ$ by ,ne>*us1 & c]ta9ly n inf]ior to x4 ,x is di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ! ,cubbe]-,burr1 :i* 0 giv5 to x 9 honor ( a fam\s sa9t4 ,high floods h1 at v>i\s times1 swept away a consid]able "p ( ?is extraord9>y tree2 b :at /ill rema9s is ne>ly two ?\s& feet 9 circumf]5ce1 measur$ r\nd ! pr9cipal /ems2 ! ov]hang+ bran*es1 n yet /ruck d[n1 cov] a mu* l>g] space2 & "u x gr[ a numb] ( cu/>d-apple1 & o!r fruit trees4 ,! l>ge trunks ( ?is s+le tree am\nt to ?ree hundr$ & fifty1 & ! small] ones exce$ ?ree ?\s&4 ,ea* ( ^! is con/antly s5d+ =? bran*es & hang+ roots1 to =m o!r trunks1 & become ! p>5ts ( a future prog5y4 ,! ,cubbe]-,burr is fam$ ?r\gh\t ,h9doo/an1 n only on acc\nt ( its great ext5t1 b also ( its surpass+ beauty4 ,! ,indian armies g5]ally encamp ar\nd x2 &1 at /at$ seasons1 solemn jat>ras1 or ,h9doo fe/ivals1 to :i* ?\s&s ( vot>ies repair f e "p ( ! ,mogul empire1 are !re celebrat$4 ,x is said t sev5 ?\s& p f9d ample room to repose "u its %ade4 ,x has long be5 ! cu/om ( ! ,briti% resid5ts 9 ,india1 on _! hunt+ & %oot+ p>ties1 to =m ext5sive encampm5ts1 & sp5d weeks toge!r1 "u ?is magnific5t pavilion1 :i* af=ds a %elt] to all travel]s1 p>ticul>ly to ! religi\s tribes ( ! ,h9doos4 ,x is g5]ally fill$ ) a v>iety ( birds1 snakes & monkeys1 ! latt] ( :om bo? div]t ! spectator by _! antic tricks1 & int]e/ him by ! p>5tal affection !y display to _! "y (fspr+1 9 tea*+ !m to select _! food1 to ex]t !mselves 9 jump+ f b\gh to b\gh1 & 9 tak+1 z !y acquire /r5g?1 /ill m ext5sive leaps f tree to tree4 ,9 ^! ef=ts1 !y enc\rage !m by c>esses1 :5 timor\s1 & m5ace1 & ev5 beat !m1 :5 refractory4 ,,! ,,w$d$ ,,banyan-,,tree4 ,among ! v>ieties ( ! banyan1 or burr tree1 is ! peipal1 or ficus religiosa1 :i* is n uncommon 9 ,guzz]at1 & causes a s+ul> v>iety ( vegetation4 ,x may be consid]$ z belong+ to ! ord] ( creep]s1 & (t5 spr+s r\nd diff]5t trees1 p>ticul>ly ! palmyra1 or palm4 ,! latt] gr[+ ?r\gh ! c5t] ( a banyan-tree1 looks extremely gr&4 ,! peipal frequ5tly %oots f old walls1 & runs along !m1 s z to cause a s+ul> ph5om5on ( vegetation4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,bah>1 "o ( ^! trees 0 se5 by an ,engli% travel]1 on ! inside ( a l>ge brick well1 ! :ole circumf]5ce ( ! int]nal space ( :i* x l9$1 & ?us actually became a tree turn$ inside out4 ,a banyan-tree ?us inv]t$ is uncommon2 b ! g5]al usefulness & beauty ( ?is v>iety1 especially 9 ov]%ad[+ ! public wells & village m>kets1 c only be kn[n by ^? :o live 9 a sultry climate4 ,,! ,,cocoa-,,tree4 ,( all ! gifts :i* ,provid5ce has be/[$ on ! ori5tal _w1 ! cocoa-tree is ! "o mo/ des]v+ ( notice4 ,! bless+s :i* are convey$ to man1 by ?is s+le production ( nature1 are incalculable4 ,x gr[s 9 a /ately column1 f ?irty to fifty feet 9 hight1 cr[n$ by a v]dant capital ( wav+ bran*es1 cov]$ ) long spiral leaves3 "u ?is foliage1 bun*es ( blossoms1 clu/]s ( gre5 fruit1 & o!rs arriv$ at maturity1 appe> 9 m+l$ beauty4 ,! trunk1 ?\gh por\s1 furni%es beams & raft]s = ! habitations2 & ! leaves1 :5 platt$ toge!r1 make an excell5t ?at*1 z well z common umbrellas1 co>se mats = ! floor1 & brooms2 :ile _! f9e/ fib]s are wov5 into v beautiful mats = ! ri*4 ,! cov]+ ( ! "y fruit is extremely curi\s1 resembl+ a piece ( ?ick clo?1 9 a conical =m1 z close & firm z if x came f ! loom2 x exp&s aft] ! fruit has bur/ ?r\gh its inclosure1 & !n appe>s ( a co>s] texture4 ,! nuts conta9 a delici\s milk1 & a k]nel sweet z ! almond3 ?is1 :5 dri$1 af=ds abundance ( oil2 & :5 t is express$1 ! rema9d] answ]s to fe$ cattle & p\ltry1 & make a good manure4 ,! %ell ( ! nut furni%es cups1 ladles1 & o!r dome/ic ut5sils2 :ile ! husk :i* incloses x is ( ! utmo/ importance3 x is manufactur$ into ropes1 & cordage ( e k9d1 f ! smalle/ tw9e to ! l>ge/ cables1 :i* are f> m durable ?an ^? ( hemp4 ,9 ! ,nicob> isl&s1 ! natives build _! vessels1 make ! sails & cordage1 supply !m ) provisions & necess>ies1 & provide a c>go ( arrack1 v9eg>1 oil1 jaggree or co>se sug>1 cocoa-nuts1 coir1 cordage1 black pa9t1 & sev]al inf]ior articles1 = =eign m>kets1 entirely f ?is tree4 ,_m ( ! trees are n p]mitt$ to be> fruit2 b ! embryo bud1 f :i* ! blossoms & nuts w\ld spr+1 is ti$ up to prev5t its expansion2 & a small incision be+ !n made at ! end1 a cool pleasant liquor1 call$ t>re1 or toddy1 ! palm-w9e ( ! poets1 oozes out 9 g5tle drops4 ,,! ,,re9de] ,,sl$ge4 ,! re9de] is a native ( ,gre5l&1 & ! cold climates ( ! extreme nor?4 ,to ! ,gre5l&] he supplies ! place ( ! horse1 ! locomotive1 & ! /eamboat to u1 z may be se5 9 ! cut1 :i* illu/rates ! mode ( travel+ 9 ,gre5l&4 ,! re9de] is swift ( foot1 %>p-sight$1 & ( acute smell & he>+4 ,8 fle% supplies ! ,gre5l&] ) food2 :ile 8 sk91 ) its ?ick1 w>m hair1 af=ds mat]ial = 8 t5t1 8 b$d+ & 8 clo?+4 ,! bones & antl]s1 or horns1 are work$ into implem5ts = dome/ic use1 = fi%+ & hunt+1 & ! t5dons are split into ?reads = v>i\s purposes4 ,! spe$ ( ! ,gre5l&] on 8 sl$ge1 is said to rival t ( ! locomotive on ! railroad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,re9de] ,,sl$ge4 ,,! ,,upas1 ,,or ,,poison-,,tree4 ,al?\gh a s]i\s refutation ( ! gross imposition practic$ on ! p ( ,europe1 by ! romance ( ,fo]s*1 on ! subject ( ! upas1 or celebrat$ poison-tree ( ,java1 may at ?is "t be 9 a great measure sup]flu\s1 z ! _w has long ceas$ to be ! dupe ( 8 /ory1 & z regul> s]ies ( exp]im5ts h be5 in/itut$ bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,france1 to asc]ta9 ! nature & pot5cy ( ! poison2 yet an au!ntic acc\nt ( ?is poison1 z drawn out by ,doctor ,horsfield1 & giv5 9 ! sev5? volume ( ! ,batavian transactions1 c n fail to be int]e/+4 ,almo/ e "o has he>d ( its fabul\s hi/ory1 :i*1 f its extravagant nature1 its susceptibility ( poetical ornam5t1 its alliance ) ! cruelties ( a despotic gov]nm5t1 & ! sp>kl+ g5ius ( ,d>w91 ^: purpose x answ]$ to adopt & p]sonify x z a malignant _s1 79 8 8,loves ( ! ,plants107 has obta9$ almo/ equal curr5cy ) ! wond]s ( ! ,l]nian hydra1 or any o!r ( ! classic fictions ( antiquity4 ,al?\gh1 z ,doctor ,horsfield obs]ves1 ! acc\nt publi%$ by ,fo]s*1 s f> z relates to ! situation ( ! poison-tree1 to its effects on ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 & to ! application said to h be5 made ( ! upas on crim9als 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! isl&1 has1 z well z ! description ( ! poison\s sub/ance itself1 & its mode ( collection1 be5 demon/rat$ to be an extravagant =g]y2 yet ! exi/5ce ( a tree 9 ,java1 f ! sap ( :i* a poison is prep>$1 equal 9 fatality1 :5 ?r[n into ! circulation1 to ! /ronge/ animal poisons hi!rto kn[n1 is a fact :i* x is 8 object to e/abli% & illu/rate4 ,! tree :i* produces ?is poison is ! an*>1 & gr[s 9 ! ea/]n extremity ( ! isl&4 ,! "w ( ,rhumphius conta9s a long acc\nt ( ! upas1 "u ! d5om9ation ( arbor toxic>ia4 ,! tree does n gr[ 9 ,ambonia1 & 8 description 0 made f ! in=mation he obta9$ f ,macass>4 ,8 figure 0 drawn f a bran* ( :at is call$ ! male-tree1 s5t to him f ! same place1 & e/abli%es ! id5tity ( ! poison-tree ( ,macass>1 & ! o!r ea/]n isl&s1 ) ! an*> ( ,java4 ,! simple sap ( ! arbor toxic>ia 7accord+ to ,rhumphius7 is h>mless1 & requires ! addition ( sev]al sub/ances ( ! aff9ity ( g+]1 to r5d] x active & mortal4 ,9 s f> x agrees ) ! an*>1 :i*1 9 its simple /ate1 is suppos$ to be in]t1 &1 be=e be+ employ$ z a poison1 is subject$ to a p>ticul> prep>ation4 ,besides ! true poison-tree1 ! upas ( ! ea/]n isl&s1 & ! an*> ( ! ,javans1 ?is isl& produces a %rub1 :i*1 z f> z obs]vations h hi!rto be5 made1 is peculi> to ! same1 & by a diff]5t mode ( prep>ation1 furni%es a poison f> exce$+ ! upas 9 viol5ce4 ,its "n is *etik2 b ! g5us to :i* x belongs has n yet be5 discov]$ or describ$4 ,! an*> is "o ( ! l>ge/ trees 9 ! =e/s ( ,java4 ,! /em is cyl9drical1 p]p5dicul>1 & rises completely nak$ to ! hight ( sixty1 sev5ty1 or eighty feet4 ,x is cov]$ ) a :iti% b>k1 slightly bur/+ 9 longitud9al furr[s4 ,ne> ! gr\nd ?is b>k is1 9 old trees1 m ?an half an in* ?ick1 &1 ^u be+ w\nd$1 yields pl5tifully ! milky juice f :i* ! celebrat$ poison is prep>$4 ,a puncture or incision be+ made into ! tree1 ! juice or sap appe>s ooz+ out1 ( a yell[i% color f old trees2 b pal]1 or ne>ly :ite1 f "y ones2 & :5 expos$ to ! air1 its surface becomes br[n4 ,! consi/5ce v mu* resembles milk2 b x is m ?ick & viscid4 ,?is sap is conta9$ 9 ! true b>k1 7or cortex17 :i*1 :5 punctur$1 yields a consid]able quantity1 s t 9 a %ort "t a cupful may be collect$ f a l>ge tree4 ,! inn] b>k 7or lib]7 is ( a close fibr\s texture1 l t ( ! morus papyrif]a1 &1 :5 sep>at$ f ! o!r b>k1 & cleans$ f ! adh]+ p>ticles1 resembles a co>se piece ( l954 ,x has be5 work$ into ropes1 :i* are v /rong2 & ! poor] class ( p employ ! inn] b>k ( ! y\ng] trees1 :i* is m easily prep>$1 = ! purpose ( mak+ a co>se /uff1 :i* !y we> 9 work+ 9 ! fields4 ,b x requires mu* bruis+1 wa%+1 & a long imm]sion1 be=e x c be us$2 &1 :5 x appe>s completely purifi$1 p]sons we>+ ?is dress1 be+ expos$ to ra91 are affect$ ) an intol]able it*+1 :i* r5d]s x insupportable4 ,x appe>s f ! acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! poison is prep>$1 t ! delet]i\s quality exi/s 9 ! gum1 a small portion ( :i* /ill adh]+1 produces1 :5 expos$ to wet1 ?is irritat+ effect2 & x is s+ul> t ?is prop]ty ( ! prep>$ b>k is kn[n to ! ,javans 9 all places :]e ! tree gr[s1 :ile ! prep>ation ( a poison f its juice1 :i* produces a mortal effect :5 introduc$ into ! body by po9t$ weapons1 is an exclusive art ( ! inhabitants ( ! ea/]n extremity ( ! isl&4 ,,! ,,prairie ,,on ,,fire4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ features 9 ! geography ( ! ,we/]n /ates1 is ! prairies1 or natural mead[s4 ,^! are imm5se pla9s1 (t5 /ret*+1 9 e direction1 fur!r ?an ! eye c rea*1 entirely de/itute ( trees1 & cov]$ ) grass & wild fl[]s4 ,^! prairies cov] a va/ ext5t ( c\ntry nor? ( ! ,ohio & we/ ( ! ,mississippi1 af=d+ pa/urage to c\ntless h]ds ( ! buffalo1 de] & o!r wild animals4 ,:5 ! grass has be5 dri$ & p>*$ by ! heat ( summ]1 x sometimes takes fire1 z repres5t$ 9 ! cut above1 & !n a sea ( flame is swept by ! w9d ov] ^! va/ pla9s1 spread+1 x is said1 m swiftly ?an ! fleete/ horse c run be=e x4 ,9 su* cases1 ! only resort is1 to pull up ! grass ar\nd "o1 & k9dle on e side a c\nt]-flame1 :i* burn+ outw>d1 9 e direction1 leaves ! hunt] or travel] 9 a place ( safety4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,prairie ,,on ,,fire4 ,,! ,,mammo? ,,tree ,,( ,,cali=nia4 ,"o ( ! vegetable wond]s ( ! _w1 is ! imm5se tree discov]$1 a ye> or two s9ce1 9 ,cali=nia4 ,! fir/ reports conc]n+ ?is huge giant ( ! =e/ seem$ fabul\s1 s extraord9>y 7 ! p>ticul>s2 b x is f\nd t ! l>ge/ /atem5t did n exce$ ! tru?4 ,! tree is a c$>1 ( ! species call$ arbor vit1 & 0 fir/ discov]$ by "s m9]s 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,calav]as1 ,cali=nia1 9 a =e/ call$ ! ,r$woods1 on ,tr9idad bay1 "s tw5ty or ?irty miles f ! m\? ( ,klama? riv]1 on ! nor!rn sea-coa/ ( ! /ate1 a region t has be5 b v little explor$4 ,a correspond5t ( ! ,sonora ,h]ald1 :o rec5tly made an excursion to see x1 ?us describes x4 8,at ! gr\nd its circumf]5ce 0 n9ety-two feet2 f\r feet above t1 x 0 eighty-eight2 & t5 feet above t1 x 0 sixty-"o feet 9 circumf]5ce2 & ! tap]+ ( ! %aft 0 v gradual4 ,its hight1 to ! end ( ! trunk1 is two hundr$ & eighty-five feet2 or1 if we include ! topmo/ bran*es1 ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet4 ,?is tree is by no means a de=mity1 z mo/ trees ) l>ge trunks are4 ,x is ?r\gh\t "o ( p]fect symmetry1 :ile its enorm\s proportions are insep>able concomitants ( its gr&eur4 ,i h said t ?is is ! l>ge/ tree yet discov]$ 9 ! _w4 ,x is s4 ,! celebrat$ tree ( ,fremont w\ld h to gr[ _m c5turies be=e x c\ld pret5d to be call$ any?+ b a y\ng] bro!r4 ,x is said t a tree 0 once f\nd 9 ,s5egal1 9 ,africa1 ^: trunk measur$ n9ety feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,b nobody has be5 able to f9d x s9ce its fir/ discov]y4 ,!re is a tree 9 ,mexico call$ ! taxodium1 :i* is said to be "o hundr$ & sev5te5 feet 9 circumf]5ce1 b ?is is said to be =m$ by ! union ( sev]al trees4 ,! hight ( all ^! =eign trees is n m1 9 any case1 ?an sev5ty feet2 & none ( ! trunks are m ?an t5 feet4 ,! age ( ?is mammo? c$> ( ,cali=nia1 if ea* zone may be reckon$ "o ye>1 is ab\t tw5ty-five hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s4 ,a section ( ! wood :i* ,i br\ght home ) me1 exclusive ( ! sap1 :i* is only ab\t "o in* ?ick1 numb]s ab\t f\rte5 zones or gra9s to ! in*4 ,at t rate1 if x 7 p]mitt$ to gr[1 x w\ld increase its diamet] "o-sev5? ( an in* e ye>4 ,9 eighty-f\r ye>s its diamet] w\ld be increas$ "o foot2 9 eight hundr$ & =ty ye>s1 t5 feet2 & 9 tw5ty-five hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s1 x w\ld be =ty feet 9 diamet]1 & "o hundr$ & tw5ty 9 circumf]5ce4 8,x seems l an act ( desecration to cut d[n su* a noble tree1 su* a magnific5t specim5 ( ! gr[? ( ! primeval =e/4 ,b x has be5 done1 n1 h[ev]1 )\t a va/ deal ( labor4 ,x 0 accompli%$ by fir/ bor+ holes ?r\gh ! body ) long aug]s1 work$ by ma*9]y1 & aft]w>d saw+ f "o to ! o!r4 ,( c\rse1 z ! saw+ drew to a close1 ! workm5 7 on ! al]t to notice ! fir/ sign ( toppl+1 b none came2 ! tree 0 s /raight & ev5ly balanc$ on all sides t x reta9$ its upright position aft] x _h be5 saw$ ?r\gh4 ,w$ges 7 !n =c$ 91 & a breeze happ5+ to spr+ up1 ov] w5t ! mon/] ) a cra% :i* 0 he>d = miles ar\nd4 ,! b>k 0 /ripp$ f x = ! l5g? ( fifty feet f ! base1 & is f "o to two feet 9 ?ickness4 ,x 0 tak5 (f 9 sections1 s t x c be plac$1 relatively1 9 its orig9al position1 & ?us give ! behold] a j idea ( ! gigantic dim5sions ( ! tree4 ,s plac$1 x w occupy a space ( ab\t ?irty feet 9 diamet]1 or n9ety feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & fifty feet 9 hight4 ,a piece ( ! wood w be %[n1 :i* has be5 cut out f ! tree across ! :ole diamet]4 ,we are told t ?is piece ( wood %[s a ve/ige ( b>k ne> ! middle1 & t ?is b>k 0 evid5tly *>r$ _m c5turies ago1 :5 ! tree 0 comp>atively a sapl+40 ,s9ce ! above 0 writt51 ! section ( ?is huge tree allud$ to1 has be5 exhibit$ 9 ,/ockton & ,san ,francisco1 & !nce br\ght to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 s t "s ( our read]s may be able to get a view ( ?is mon/] ( ! ,cali=nia woods = a trifl+ admission fee4 ,9 its natural condition1 re>+ its maje/ic head t[>d heav51 & wav+ 9 all its native vigor1 /r5g? & v]dure1 x 0 a sight wor? a pilgrimage to see2 & x w /ill be a ri* gratification to look ^u ! section ( x1 ?\gh t w give b a fa9t idea ( :at ! :ole 0 9 its native =e/4 ,not)/&+ ! calculation giv5 above by ! writ] 9 ! ,sonora ,h]ald1 x is suppos$ t ?is tree c n be less ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s old2 =1 = a l>ge space on ! out] surface next to ! b>k1 ! r+s ( gr[? are s ?9 z n to be di/+ui%able f ea* o!r4 ,add "o-?ird to ! hight ( ,bunk]-hill monum5t1 & ! outw>d dim5sions ( ! ma9 trunk ( ?is tree w\ld be ab\t ! same4 ,f actual measurem5t x conta9$ m ?an ?ree hundr$ cords ( wood4 ,"o hundr$ m5 c\ld easily /& )9 ! holl[ ( x at ! same "t1 & a six-foot man rode a full-siz$ horse ?r\gh x )\t t\*+ 8 hat to ! upp] surface4 ,,o!r ,,mammo? ,,trees4 ,a ,cali=nia pap] says1 t 9 ! neighborhood ( ! mammo? tree j describ$1 )9 a circumf]5ce ( half a mile1 !re are twelve imm5se trees1 :i* rival1 or ev5 surpass t huge giant ( ! =e/4 ,"o ( ^! is call$ ! ,fa!r ,p9e4 ,?is is dead1 & has fall5 to ! e>?4 ,its dim5sions are z foll[s3 l5g?1 f\r hundr$ feet2 circumf]5ce1 "o hundr$ & t5 feet4 ,! trunk ( ?is tree is holl[1 & x has be5 trac$ = a di/ance ( two hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,!re is a little pond ( wat] 9 ! c5t] ( ?is cavity1 f\r feet 9 dep?4 ,?is tree1 two hundr$ & fifty feet f ! /ump1 is no less ?an twelve feet 9 diamet]4 ,! clu/] call$ ! ,?ree ,si/]s1 tak5 toge!r1 is n9ety-two feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight4 ,! c5t] "o is b>e ( bran*es = two hundr$ feet above ! gr\nd4 ,! ,"m ,tree is n9ety-"o & a half feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet high4 ,! ,"m & ,son are n9ety-two feet 9 circumf]5ce & ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight1 unit$ at ! base4 ,! ,tw9 ,si/]s1 "o hundr$ feet 9 circumf]5ce & ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight4 ,! ,pione]'s ,cab9 is a rem>kable curiosity4 ,?is tree has be5 p>tially burn$2 ! result ( ! scor*+ is ! divid+ ( ! trunk into sev]al comp>tm5ts1 :i* are kn[n z ! p>lor1 b$room & kit*54 ,! holl[1 :i* is two hundr$ feet 9 hight1 is call$ ! *imney4 ,?is tree is eighty-five feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,! ,siamese ,tw9s is n9ety feet 9 circumf]5ce1 ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet 9 hight4 ,gu>dian ( ! ,times1 eighty-five feet 9 circumf]5ce1 ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet 9 hight4 ,uncle ,tom's ,cab91 n9ety-f\r feet 9 circumf]5ce1 ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight4 ,pride ( ! ,=e/1 eighty-sev5 feet 9 circumf]5ce1 ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight4 ,beauty ( ! ,=e/1 sev5ty-two feet 9 circumf]5ce1 ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight4 ,two ,fri5ds1 eighty-five feet 9 circumf]5ce1 ?ree hundr$ feet 9 hight4 ,! above trees are all embrac$ 9 an area n exce$+ half a mile 9 ext5t4 ,! surr\nd+ c\ntry is exce$+ly picturesque & beautiful1 & ! sc5]y1 at _m po9ts along ! road1 is said to be unsurpass$ = sublimity & gr&eur4 ,,! ,,palm-,,tree4 ,pass+ f ,cali=nia to ! c\ntries ( ! ea/1 let u next glance at ! palm-tree4 ,?is tree1 :i* is call$ by ,l9nu1 f its noble & /ately appe>ance1 8! pr9ce ( ! vegetable k+dom10 is ( sev]al k9ds1 ! *ief ( :i* are ! d\m-palm1 & ! date-palm4 ,!y are *iefly f\nd 9 ! tropics4 ,! d\m or ,!ban palm1 ! same t is f\nd 9 ,florida1 diff]s f ! column> date-palm 9 ! =m ( its leaves1 :i* are fan-l1 & s ?ickly set z to resemble a huge bu%y mop1 ?\gh !y are always gracefully dispos$1 & also 9 hav+ a bran*+ trunk4 ,! ma9 /em divides a few feet f ! root1 ea* ( ! bran*es aga9 =m+ two1 & ea* ( ^! two m1 till ! tree receives a broad1 r\nd$ top4 ,! fruit hangs bel[ 9 clu/]s1 resembl+ small cocoa-nuts1 7or1 says a late travel]1 /ill m ( ! size1 %ape1 & appe>ance ( a yell[i%-:ite potato1 ( full gr[?17 & has a sort ( g+]bread flavor1 :i* is n disagreeable4 ,:5 fully dry & h>d1 x takes a poli% l ivory1 & is manufactur$ by ! ,arabs into beads1 pipe-b[ls & o!r small articles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,date-,,palm4 ,! m common1 or date-palm1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut1 produces ! sweet fruit :i* is br\ght to u f ,smyrna1 & o!r ports ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ) :i* all are famili>1 "u ! "n ( ! date4 ,9 ! regions betwe5 ,b>b>y & ! great des]t1 ! soil1 :i* is ( a s&y nature1 is s mu* p>*$ by ! int5se heat ( ! sun's rays1 t none ( ! corn-plants w gr[2 & 9 ! arid di/rict1 call$ ! l& ( dates1 ! few vegetables t c be f\nd are ( ! mo/ dw>fi% description4 ,no plants arise to =m ! v>iety ( food to :i* we are accu/om$2 & ! natives ( ^! di/ricts live almo/ exclusively ^u ! fruit ( ! date-tree4 ,a pa/e is made ( ?is fruit by press+ x 9 l>ge baskets4 ,?is pa/e is n us$ = pres5t supply1 b is int5d$ = a provision 9 case ( a failure 9 ! crops ( dates1 :i* sometimes occurs1 ow+ to ! ravages committ$ by locu/s4 ,! date1 9 its natural /ate1 =ms ! usual food2 & ! juice yield$ by x :5 fre%1 conta9s s mu* nutrim5t z to r5d] ^? :o live ^u x extremely fat4 ,z1 by ! ,moors1 corpul5ce is e/eem$ an indisp5sable requisite ( beauty1 ! ladies belong+ to ! families ( di/9ction among !m1 n\ri% !mselves1 dur+ ! season1 solely ) ! fre% fruit1 & by cont9u+ ?is regim5 dur+ two or ?ree mon?s1 !y become ( an enorm\s size6 ,! date-palm fl\ri%es v g5]ally on s&y soils 9 ! hot c\ntries ( ,asia & ,africa4 ,n always1 h[ev]1 is ! soil t supports x s b>r5 z ! "o we h describ$4 ,x is frequ5tly f\nd by /reams1 & z ! tir$ travel] sees its foliage wav+ af>1 he ha/5s t[>d x1 hop+ to f9d a /ream ( wat]4 ,sometimes its tall /em is surr\nd$ by beautiful climb+ plants1 & ! mo/ brilliant fl[]s fl\ri% b5ea?4 ,?is k9d ( palm n only rises to a great hight1 (t5 sixty or eighty feet1 b is also frequ5tly ( great diamet] & /r5g?2 be+ unlike 9 ?is respect1 "s o!r species ( palm1 ^: slight =ms yield to ! w9ds4 ,x 0 to ?is tree t ! psalmi/ allud$ :5 he said1 8,! righte\s %all gr[ z ! palm-tree20 firm & unmov$ by ! %ocks ( temptation & ! /orms ( adv]sity4 ,! clu/]s ( dates are sometimes five feet 9 l5g?1 & :5 ripe are ( a bright gold color1 surr\nd$ f above ) ! deep1 ri* leaves1 z ) a cr[n4 ,?is k9d ( ! palm is tra9$ to its high gr[?1 )\t a s+le bran* on its solit>y1 upright trunk1 by trimm+ (f ! leaves e ye> f ! "y /alk2 s t its /r5g? %oots upw>d2 & by ?is process1 also1 ! b>k is =m$ into a succession ( /eps or not*es1 by :i* ! b>efoot$ ,arab easily m\nts to ! top4 ,f ! v top ( ! tree1 ! long1 po9t$ leaves curl gracefully on e side1 l ! close-set frame ( a p>a*ute2 & j :]e ! broad1 ridge-%ap$ base ( ! leaf adh]es to ! tree1 ! fruit hangs 9 clu/]s1 all ar\nd ! trunk4 ,:5 its e>ly tra9+ is neglect$1 ! palm-tree gr[s less gracefully2 sometimes divid+ at ! root into sev]al trunks1 :i* gr[ )\t bran*es to v>i\s hights1 & !n spread out _! leafy cre/s4 ,! palm-tree looks mo/ maje/ic & picturesque1 :5 x /&s alone ^u "s broad pla9 or g5tle bluff1 & :5 its leaves are g5tly /irr$ by ! w9d4 ,! eye !n takes x 9 at "o view1 measures x by "s m5tal /&>d1 or disda9+ all ma!matical proportions1 dreamily contemplates ! wav+ l9es ( beauty1 & ! /raight1 sl5d]1 yet /ately /alk t /&s 9 bold relief aga9/ ! /a9less sky4 ,! date-palm is unkn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 except 9 r>e g>d5 culture2 b 9 ,egypt x gr[s ev]y:]e1 & is to ! p food1 %elt]1 %ade1 fuel1 raim5t1 timb]1 divan1 cordage1 basket1 ro(1 scre54 ,its fruit is f\nd 9 p]fection on ! conf9es ( ,nubia4 ,,! ,,bamboo-,,tree4 ,nature1 or r ! great ,au?or ( nature1 has conf]r$ on ! inhabitants ( hot c\ntries few gifts m valuable ?an ! bamboo-tree1 a view ( :i* is giv5 ov] ! leaf4 ,to su* a multitude ( useful purposes are its light1 /rong & graceful /ems appli$1 t almo/ any o!r production ( ! vegetable _w might m easily be sp>$ ?an ?is4 ,^! /ems spr+ f a /rong-jo9t$1 subt]rane\s root-/alk1 :i* is ! trunk ( ! tree1 ! %oots be+ ! bran*es4 ,!y are holl[1 & jo9t$1 & ( a h>d1 woody texture1 ! outside be+ coat$ ) silex1 & ! inside consi/+ ( a close1 fibr\s & v h>d wood4 ,! bamboo gr[s ) great rapidity2 & ! %oots1 :5 q "y1 are sometimes cut & boil$ l asp>agus3 b :5 full gr[n & vigor\s1 x becomes a l>ge & /rong tree4 ,its %oots v>y 9 size1 f six to "o hundr$ & fifty feet 9 l5g?4 ,:5 fully gr[n1 ! bamboo is a /raight rod1 be>+ a numb] ( /iff bran*es1 :i* %oot at ne>ly "r angles f ! ma9 /em4 ,x seems1 at fir/1 difficult to imag9e h[ su* a /em elevates itself ?r\gh ! d5se mass ( rigid bran*es1 :i* cross ea* o!r 9 e direction4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 arrang$ 9 a v simple mann]4 ,! "y %oot1 :5 x is fir/ produc$1 is no?+ b a suck]1 z already said1 l a %oot ( asp>agus2 b1 hav+ a %>p po9t1 x easily pi]ces ! d5se & ov]hang+ bran*es4 ,x is only :5 x has arriv$ at its full l5g?1 & has p5etrat$ ?r\gh all ob/acles1 t x =ms its lat]al %oots1 :i* readily int]pose !mselves amid ! /ems4 ,!re are _m species ( ! bamboo1 all ( :i* are useful4 ,! "y %oots1 z m5tion$ above1 are sometimes eat5 z food2 ! full-gr[n /ems1 :5 ripe & h>d1 are conv]t$ into b[s1 arr[s1 quiv]s1 fi%+-rods1 ma/s ( vessels1 b$-po/s1 walk+-/icks1 floors1 support]s ( ru/ic bridges1 *airs1 & a v>iety ( o!r purposes4 ,by not*+ _! sides1 ! ,malays =m wond]fully light ladd]s4 ,bruis$ & cru%$ 9 wat]1 ! leaves & /ems =m ,*9ese pap]2 "s species are us$ = l9+ tea-*e/s2 cut into l5g?s1 & ! p>titions knock$ out1 !y =m durable wat]-pipes4 ,slit into /rips1 !y =m excell5t mat]ials = weav+ mats1 baskets1 w9d[-bl9ds1 & ev5 ! sails ( boats4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 = ! purposes ( build+1 t ! bamboo is mo/ important4 ,! frame-"w ( ! h\ses 9 ,sumatra is *iefly compos$ ( ?is mat]ial4 ,! floors are made ( ! :ole canes1 laid close to ea* o!r4 ,! sides are made ( ! /ems1 split & flatt5$1 & ! ro( is =m$ ( a ?at* split into v>i\s /rips4 ,great hopes are ent]ta9$ ( introduc+ ?is mo/ useful tree into o!r c\ntries2 &1 z x gr[s 9 dry & /ony places1 :]e no?+ else fl\ri%es1 its introduction w\ld be ( great importance4 ,a few species ( ! bamboo are f\nd 9 ! tropical p>ts ( ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bamboo-,,tree4 ,,! ,,manna-,,tree4 ,manna1 9 our v]sion ( ! ,bible1 is a t]m appli$ to ! food t ,god gave ! ,israelites 9 ! wild]ness4 ,b :at we n[ call manna1 is a sac*>9e sub/ance t exudes f ! b>k ( a species ( a%-tree f\nd 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,europe1 & especially 9 ,sicily & ,calabria4 ,at ! w>me/ season1 ! tree mo/ ab\nds 9 sap1 &1 accord+ly1 9 ,augu/1 ! p make incisions into ! b>k4 ,^! are two in*es long horizontally1 & half an in* 9 dep?4 ,on incision1 ! manna imm$iately beg9s to fl[1 at fir/ 9 ! =m ( wat]1 b x gradually becomes ?ick]4 ,a leaf is ins]t$ into ! incision1 :i* conducts ! juice into a vessel plac$ at ! foot ( ! tree4 ,! liquor does n h>d5 till x has rema9$ "s "t4 ,x has an unpleasant ta/e1 b aft] ! wat]y p>ts h evaporat$1 x is sweet]1 b slightly nause\s4 ,manna is us$ 9 m$ic9e z a mild ap]i5t4 ,x diff]s rem>kably f common sug>1 9 n be+ susceptible ( :at is call$ v9\s f]m5tation2 s t if mix$ ) common sug> & yea/1 & subject$ to ! process ( f]m5tation1 :ile ! sug> is conv]t$ into alcohol1 ! manna rema9s unalt]$ 9 ! liquor4 ,illu/ration3 ,cont95tal ,money ,,cont95tal ,,money4 ,"o ( ! curiosities1 if n wond]s ( ! _w1 is af=d$ 9 ! ,cont95tal money1 or ,cont95tal bills1 issu$ by congress 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! ,revolution>y /ruggle1 a specim5 ( :i* may be se5 9 ! cut4 ,^! bills 7 ( v>i\s d5om9ations1 & 7 issu$ by ?\s&s on ?\s&s4 ,b f ! v great ext5t ( _! issue1 & ! fact t ! gov]nm5t c\ld n r$eem !m 9 silv] & gold1 !y rapidly depreciat$ 9 value1 till at la/ !y became almo/ wor?less4 ,z !y are n[ almo/ nev] se51 except x be 9 "s museum1 or collection ( old curiosities1 ! fac-simile giv5 above c n fail to be ( int]e/4 ,,! ,,milk-,,tree4 ,t s+ul> production ( nature call$ ! mass]&uba1 or milk-tree1 is f\nd 9 ! tropical regions ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & is ?us describ$ by ,wallace1 9 8 8,travels on ! ,amazon40 ,speak+ ( ! v>i\s int]e/+ objects ( ! j\rney he 0 mak+1 he says3 8,:at mo/ int]e/$ u1 h[ev]1 7 sev]al l>ge logs ( ! mass]&uba1 or milk-tree4 ,on our way ?r\gh ! =e/1 we _h se5 "s trunks mu* not*$ by p]sons :o _h be5 extract+ ! milk4 ,x is "o ( ! noble/ trees ( ! =e/1 ris+ ) a /raight /em to an enorm\s hight4 ,! timb] is v h>d1 f9e-gra9$1 & durable1 & is valuable = works :i* are mu* expos$ to ! wea!r4 ,! fruit is eatable & v good1 ! size ( a small apple1 & full ( a ri* & v juicy pulp4 ,b /range/ ( all is ! vegetable milk1 :i* exudes 9 abundance :5 ! b>k is cut4 ,x has ab\t ! consi/5ce ( ?ick cream1 &1 b = a v slight peculi> ta/e1 c\ld sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f ! g5u9e product ( ! c[4 ,mr4 ,leav5s ord]$ a man to tap "s logs t _h la9 ne>ly a mon? 9 ! y>d4 ,he cut sev]al not*es 9 ! b>k ) an ax1 & 9 a m9ute ! ri* sap 0 runn+ out 9 great quantities4 ,x 0 collect$ 9 a bas91 dilut$ ) wat]1 /ra9$1 & br\ght up at tea-"t1 & at breakfa/ next morn+4 ,! peculi> flavor ( ! milk seem$ r to improve ! quality ( ! tea1 & gave x z good a color z ri* cream4 ,9 c(fee x is equally good4 ,mr4 ,leav5s in=m$ u t he _h made a cu/>d ( x1 & t1 ?\gh x _h a curi\s d>k color1 x 0 v well ta/$4 ,! milk is us$ = glue1 & is said to be z durable z t made use ( by c>p5t]s4 ,z a specim5 ( its capabilities 9 ?is l9e1 ,mr4 ,leav5s %[$ u a viol9 he _h made1 ! belly-bo>d ( :i*1 =m$ ( two pieces1 he _h glu$ toge!r ) x appli$ fre% f ! tree1 )\t any prep>ation4 ,x _h be5 done two ye>s4 ,! in/rum5t _h be5 9 con/ant use2 & ! jo9t 0 n[ p]fectly good & s\nd ?r\gh\t its :ole l5g?4 ,z ! milk h>d5s by exposure to air1 x becomes a v t\gh1 slightly ela/ic sub/ance1 mu* resembl+ gutta p]*a2 b n hav+ ! prop]ty ( be+ s(t5$ by hot wat]1 x is n likely to become s ext5sively useful z t article40 ,,! ,,telegraph4 ,?o old-fa%ion$ telegraph1 :i* 0 9 common use be=e ! wond]ful inv5tion ( ! electro-magnetic telegraph by ,morse1 0 an arrangem5t = ! communication ( intellig5ce by signals1 or movem5ts1 previ\sly agre$ ^u2 :i* signals repres5t$ lett]s1 words1 or ideas1 :i* c\ld ?us be transmitt$ f "o /ation to ano!r1 z f> z ! signals c\ld be se54 ,x 0 fir/ devis$ 9 ,france1 ab\t #agic or #agid1 & soon became ext5sively adopt$ & us$ 9 o!r nations4 ,a good idea ( its appe>ance may be =m$ f ! cut bel[4 ,x consi/$ ( a ma/1 or frame1 9 connection ) %utt]s1 or slid+-bo>ds1 work$ by ropes pull$ l bell-ropes1 & exhibit+1 9 all1 sixty-?ree signals2 by :i* 7 repres5t$ ! n9e digits1 ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 & sev]al g5]ic words3 &1 sometimes1 to ^! 7 add$ o!r signals1 expressive ( entire phrases4 ,! obs]v]s at ^! telegraphs 7 n expect$ to keep _! eye con/antly at ! glass1 b to look only e five m9utes = ! signal to make ready4 ,! telescopes us$ = obs]vation1 7 commonly :at are call$ ,doll&'s a*romatics1 :i* possess no recomm5dation b _! enl>g$ field1 & _! fre$om f prismatic colors 9 t field2 po9ts ( no consequ5ce 9 look+ ?r\gh a fix$ glass at a fix$ & circumscrib$ object4 ,sometimes a common & p[]ful spy-glass 0 f\nd suffici5t4 ,9 ! use ( ?is k9d ( telegraph1 dead flats or levels 7 f\nd to be univ]sally unfavorable2 & g5]ally /ations 7 f\nd to be useless ne>ly 9 ! proportion ( ! miles ( dead flat look$ ov]4 ,on ! contr>y1 /ations betwe5 hill & hill1 look+ across a valley1 or a s]ies ( valleys1 7 f\nd to be mo/ly cle>2 & wat] surfaces 7 f\nd to produce few] obscure days ?an l& 9 any situation4 ,! p]iod lea/ favorable ( ! same day 0 an h\r or two be=e & aft] ! sun's passage ( ! m]idian1 p>ticul>ly on dead levels1 :]e ! play ( ! sun's rays on ! ris+ exhalations1 r5d]s di/ant vision exce$+ly obscure4 ,! tranquillity ( ! morn+ & ev5+ 7 asc]ta9$ to be ! mo/ favorable h\rs = obs]vation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,signal ,,telegraph4 ,! old l9e ( ?is k9d ( telegraph betwe5 ,london & ,portsm\?1 _h twelve /ations2 & ano!r *a9 f ,london to ,y>m\?1 _h n9ete5 /ations4 ,! di/ances ( ! /ations av]ag$ ab\t eight miles1 yet "s ( !m ext5d$ to twelve or f\rte52 & ! l9es 7 (t5 increas$ by circuits1 = want ( comm&+ hights4 ,aft] ab\t tw5ty ye>s' exp]i5ce1 !y f\nd !y c\ld calculate on ab\t two hundr$ days on :i* signals c\ld be transmitt$ ?r\gh\t ! day2 ab\t sixty o!rs on :i* !y c\ld pass only "p ( ! day1 or at p>ticul> /ations2 & ab\t "o hundr$ days 9 :i* few ( ! /ations 7 visible to ea* o!r4 ,a message f ,london to ,portsm\?1 0 usually transmitt$ 9 ab\t fifte5 m9utes2 b1 by an exp]im5t tri$ = ! purpose1 a s+le signal has be5 transmitt$ to ,plym\? & back aga9 9 ?ree m9utes1 :i*1 by ! telegraph r\te1 is at lea/ five hundr$ miles4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 h[ev]1 notice _h be5 giv5 to make ready1 & e capta9 0 at 8 po/ to receive & return ! signals4 ,! progress 0 at ! rate ( "o hundr$ & sev5ty miles 9 a m9ute1 or ?ree miles a second1 or ?ree seconds at ea* /ation2 a rapidity truly wond]ful = s imp]fect an app>atus6 ,& yet1 clumsy & sl[-mov+ z all ?is n[ seems to u1 x 0 ! be/ telegraph kn[n be=e ! inv5tion ( ,morse4 ,9 contra/ to x1 let u turn to ! latt]4 ,,! ,,electro-,,magnetic ,,telegraph4 ,! inv5tion ( ?is wond]ful in/rum5t1 x is n[ univ]sally admitt$1 is due to ,pr(essor ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,morse1 ( :om "s "o has well said1 t 8if ,frankl9 br\ght ! lightn+ f heav51 ,morse bo? tam$ x1 & taught x ! ,engli% language40 ,s e>ly z #ahbb1 ,mr4 ,morse describ$ 8 inv5tion to reliable witnesses2 & hav+ obta9$ an appropriation f ,congress1 = ! purpose ( te/+ x on an ext5d$ scale1 he set up ! wires f ,wa%+ton to ,baltimore1 a di/ance ( ab\t =ty miles1 & ?us e/abli%$ ! fir/ electro-magnetic telegraph ev] kn[n1 & ! p>5t ( t wond]ful sy/em t n[ ?reads e cont95t1 convey+ messages lit]ally on ! lightn+'s w+4 ,a view ( ! in/rum5t us$ = transmitt+ messages1 is giv5 9 ! cut bel[4 ,by ?is in/rum5t connect+ ) ! wires1 messages are ei!r writt5 or pr9t$2 by ! sy/em ( ,h\se1 9 actual lett]s1 & by ! sy/ems ( ,morse & ,ba91 9 a ciph]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,electro-,,magnetic ,,telegraph4 ,! telegraphic wires hav+ be5 ext5d$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! cont95t ( ,europe1 x is n[ propos$ to c>ry !m "u ! ,atlantic1 & s connect ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,! plan n[ is1 to c>ry ! cable f ! nor!rnmo/ po9t ( ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl& to ,icel&1 by way ( ! ,orkney1 ,%etl& & ,f]roe isl&s2 to lay x f ,icel& across to ! ne>e/ po9t 9 ,gre5l&1 !nce d[n ! coa/ to ,cape ,f>ewell1 :]e ! cable w\ld aga9 take to ! wat]1 span ,davis's /raits1 & !n g across ,labrador & ,upp] ,canada to ,quebec4 ,"h x w\ld lock 9 ) ! ,nor? ,am]ican me%work ( wires1 :i* hold !mselves out l an op5 h& = ! ,european grasp4 ,?is plan seems q feasible1 = 9 no "p ( ! j\rney w\ld ! cable require to be m ?an n9e hundr$ miles long2 & z x seems pretty c]ta9 t a s&-bank ext5ds1 ) good s\nd+s1 all ! way to ,cape ,f>ewell1 !re w\ld be little difficulty 9 moor+ ! cable to a level & s(t bottom4 ,among ! mo/ />tl+ wond]s 9 connection ) electricity & ! telegraph1 is ! ann\ncem5t t ,m4 ,bonelli1 ( ,tur91 has inv5t$ a new electric telegraph1 by :i* tra9s 9 motion on a railway are enabl$ to communicate ) ea* o!r at all rates ( velocity1 &1 at ! same "t1 ) ! telegraphic /ations on ! l9e2 :ile ! latt] are1 at ! same "t1 able to communicate ) ! tra9s4 ,x is add$1 t ,m4 ,bonelli is 9 possession ( a sy/em ( telegraphic communication by :i* wires are entirely disp5s$ )4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,pr9t+4 ,f ! telegraph1 to pr9t+1 & ! pr9t+-press1 is b a /ep2 & "o t is naturally sugge/$4 ,! orig9 ( pr9t+ is involv$ 9 my/]y4 ,"s ?9k x 0 practic$ z f> back z ! build+ ( ,babylon4 ,! ,romans1 we "k1 _h metal /amps ) :i* !y m>k$ words & names on _! v>i\s articles2 b hav+ no pap]1 !y c\ld h>dly be said to pr9t4 ,pr9t+ f engrav$ blocks ( wood1 0 practic$ by ! ,*9ese ne>ly fifty ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,b ! cr$it ( fir/ introduc+ movable types1 is commonly attribut$ to ,john ,fu/1 or ,fau/1 ( ,m5tz1 :o is repres5t$1 9 ! cut on ! next page1 z look+1 ) 8 associates1 at ! fir/ pro( tak5 f movable types4 ,?is 0 suppos$ to be n f> f ! ye> #adej4 ,betwe5 #adej & #adee1 ! celebrat$ 8,m5tz ,bible0 appe>$1 )\t date2 & ?is 0 ! occasion ( ! art be+ discov]$ by ! public4 ,next foll[$ ! 8,psalt]10 9 #adeg2 & f ?is "t1 pr9t+ rapidly spread ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,william ,caxton 0 ! fir/ to introduce pr9t+ into ,engl&1 ab\t #adgd4 ,! fir/ book 9 :i* ,greek types appe>1 0 pr9t$ 9 #adfe2 & ! fir/ us+ ! ,roman "*1 9 #adfg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fau/ ,,tak+ ,,fir/ ,,pro( ,,f ,,movable ,,types4 ,pr9t+-presses 7 gradually improv$4 ,! old-fa%ion$ press 0 made ( wood1 ) an iron screw t _h a b> fitt$ 9 x2 & to ! l[] end ( ?is screw 0 atta*$1 horizontally1 a flat piece ( wood1 call$ ! plat51 :i* 0 br\ght d[n by means ( ! screw1 & press$ ! pap] on ! face ( ! types1 & ?us ! impression 0 giv54 ,?is k9d ( presses1 h[ev]1 soon gave place to ^? made ( iron4 ,! ,/anhope press 0 a great improvem5t on any?+ t _h gone be=e x2 & ! ,cal$onian press1 inv5t$ by ,george ,clym]1 an ,am]ican1 0 a great improvem5t1 9 _m respects1 on ! latt]4 ,! press repres5t$ 9 ! cut on ! foll[+ page1 on :i* ,frankl9 pr9t$1 0 "o ( ^! old-fa%ion$ h&-presses1 on :i* x w\ld h be5 a h>d day's "w to pr9t tw5ty-five hundr$ impressions1 or twelve hundr$ & fifty %eets on bo? sides1 9 a day4 ,aft] a "t1 a plan 0 devis$ ( obta9+ impressions f types by means ( cyl9d]s2 & 9 #ahjd1 ! idea 0 />t$1 ( apply+ /eam-p[] to pr9t+-presses4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 till aft] ye>s ( exp]im5ts1 & an imm5se outlay ( capital1 t ! inv5tion 0 br\ght to a successful issue1 s z to be advantage\sly appli$ 9 practice4 ,:51 h[ev]1 9 #ahad1 ! ma*9e 0 complet$1 x 0 adopt$ 9 ! (fice ( ! ,london ,times newspap]1 & 0 ?us spok5 ( 9 ! pap]s ( ! day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,frankl9',s ,,pr9t+-,,press4 8,a new pr9t+-press1 or pr9t+-eng9e1 has rec5tly excit$ ! att5tion ( ! typographical _w4 ,x is wr\ght by ! p[] ( /eam1 &1 ) ! aid ( ?ree boys1 p]fects ne>ly a ?\s& %eets p] h\r4 ,a common press1 work$ by two m51 takes (f b two hundr$ & fifty impressions on "o side1 & requires eight h\rs to p]fect a ?\s& %eets4 ,h5ce1 ?ree boys 9 "o h\r are enabl$1 by ?is new application ( ! p[] ( /eam1 to p]=m ! labor ( two m5 = eight h\rs4 ,su* are ! pres5t capabilities ( ?is eng9e3 b z !re is no limit to its requir$ p[]s1 & ! size ( ! =m is no ob/acle to its p]fect p]=mance1 x is propos$ to take impressions on d\ble-demy1 9 :i* case ?ree boys w1 9 "o h\r1 p]=m ! labor ( ?irty-two m54 ,?is eng9e is n[ at "w at ! pr9t+-(fice ( ,b5sley ,sons1 ne> ,fleet /reet1 & ano!r on a simil> 7b less p]fect7 con/ruction1 has = "s "t pa/ be5 employ$ on a morn+ newspap]4 ,9 its g5]al analogy1 ?is press is n unlike ! roll+-press ( copp]-plate pr9t]s4 ,! =ms be+ fix$ on ! c>riage1 are drawn "u a cyl9d]1 on :i* ! %eet be+ laid1 & ! ink di/ribut$ by an arrangem5t ( roll]s1 ! impression is tak5 on "o side4 ,! %eet is !n convey$ (f by b&s to a second cyl9d]1 ar\nd :i* x is convey$ on ! second =m1 & ! reit]ation is produc$ 9 p]fect regi/]1 )\t ! aid ( po9ts4 ,all ! manual labor is p]=m$ by a boy1 :o lays ! %eet ( pap] on ! fir/ cyl9d]1 by "o :o takes x (f f ! second cyl9d]1 & by a ?ird1 :o lays ! %eets ev5 on ! bank4 ,z a fur!r in/ance ( economy 9 ! mat]ials1 we may m5tion1 t ! wa/e /eam f ! copp] is c>ri$ 9 tubes r\nd ! entire suit ( (fices1 ) a view to w>m !m40 ,pass+ on1 ov] v>i\s improvem5ts1 we come1 la/ ( all1 to :at ?us f> is ! p]fection ( all pr9t+-ma*9es1 viz41 ,hoe's eight-cyl9d] p[]-press1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut on ! foll[+ page4 ,?is imm5se pr9t+-ma*9e is ?irty-?ree feet long1 f\rte5 feet & eight in*es high1 & six feet wide4 ,x has "o l>ge c5tral cyl9d] on :i* ! type is secur$1 & eight small] cyl9d]s arrang$ ar\nd x1 at conv5i5t di/ances4 ,eight p]sons supply ! eight small cyl9d]s ) ! %eets1 & at ea* revolution ( ! l>ge cyl9d]1 eight impressions are giv5 (f1 ! %eets be+ deliv]$ 9 neat ord] by ! ma*9e itself4 ,! limit to ! spe$ is 9 ! ability ( ! eight p]sons to supply ! %eets4 ,at ! rate ( tw5ty-five hundr$ %eets to ea*1 ! press w\ld give (f ! unp>allel$ numb] ( tw5ty ?\s& pr9t$ impressions p] h\r4 ,! press is ?us f> us$ exclusively = newspap] & simil> pr9t+4 ,:at x may next be appli$ to1 or :at w be ! next /ride 9 ! rapidity & p]fection ( pr9t+1 only ! future c reveal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hoe',s ,,eight-,,cyl9d] ,,p[]-,,press4 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( pr9t+1 x may n be un9t]e/+ to m5tion1 t a compos+1 or type-sett+ ma*9e1 is said to h be5 rec5tly inv5t$1 9 ,d5m>k4 ,"o :o has se5 x 9 op]ation1 says3 8,x is n[ 9 actual op]ation 9 ! (fice ( ! ,fdrel&et4 ,in/ead ( ! usual cases & compos+-/icks1 & ! compositor /&+ at 8 "w1 we see a p]son sitt+ be=e a ma*9e ) keys l a piano1 :i* he plays on incessantly1 & e t\* on ! tang5t is foll[$ by a click2 ! lett] already 9 its place 9 ! long mahogany *annel prep>$ = x4 ,! :ole is excessively +5i\s4 ,9 fact x is fairy "w4 ,! mo/ wond]ful "p is t x di/ributes ! already us$ types at ! same "t t x sets ! new page1 & ) an exactness p]fectly sure4 ,no mi/ake c ev] occur4 ,! compositor1 by ?is ma*9e1 does f\r times z mu* "w z ano!r workman2 b z he requires an assi/ant to l9e & page ! set type1 ?is br+s x to twice ! am\nt ( type set4 ,! :ole is s clean & pleasant1 t x w probably soon be a favorite employm5t = wom54 ,! ma*9e occupies a v small space1 n m ?an a l>ge *air1 & is beautifully made ( h>d woods1 brass & /eel4 ,its success is n[ beyond all d\bt4 ,! proprietors ( ! ,fdrel&et are s gratifi$ by ! "o !y n[ h1 t !y h ord]$ ano!r4 ,! price is tw5ty-f\r hundr$ ,dani% doll>s4 ,x w la/1 app>5tly1 = a c5tury or two )\t repair4 ,mr4 ,sor5son1 ! inv5tor1 himself a compositor all 8 life1 k9dly %[s ! ma*9e to any visitor4 ,( c\rse1 a compositor c n set ) ?is ma*9e at once2 x w take a %ort "t1 a few days1 = him to become famili> ) ! details1 b he is !n a g5tleman comp>$ to 8 old comrades40 ,,! ,,india-,,rubb] ,,tree4 ,india-rubb]1 call$1 also1 ca\t*\c1 is produc$ f sev]al diff]5t trees1 all ( !m ( ! ficus1 or fig species4 ,! ficus ela/icus is ! tree f :i* x is *iefly obta9$4 ,?is is a native bo? ( ,india & ( ,s\? ,am]ica2 & its g5]al appe>ance may be se5 9 ! cut bel[4 ,:5 ! b>k is cut or brok51 x gives =? a milky liquid1 :i*1 be+ expos$ to ! air1 produces ! gum ela/ic :i* is s mu* 9 use among u4 ,x is n[ ab\t a hundr$ ye>s s9ce x 0 fir/ introduc$ into ,europe4 ,= a long "t x 0 only us$ to erase ! m>ks ( lead-p5cils4 ,! natives ( ,s\? ,am]ica _h1 h[ev]1 long employ$ x1 z we d n[1 = boots & %oes4 ,!y also sme> ! inside ( baskets ) x1 ?us provid+ a t\gh & tight l9+4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ,quito1 !y make x into a k9d ( clo?4 ,its multipli$ uses 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,europe1 are famili> to e read]4 ,9 a volume lately publi%$ 9 ,new ,york1 entitl$ 8,sc5es & ,adv5tures on ! ,banks ( ! ,amazon10 is f\nd ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ?is s+ul> & mo/ useful tree4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,india-,,rubb] ,,tree4 8,a numb] ( blacks1 be>+ long poles on _! %\ld]s1 ?ickly /rung ) ,india-rubb] %oes1 also attract$ our att5tion4 ,^! are = ! mo/ "p manufactur$ 9 ! int]ior1 & are br\ght d[n ! riv] = sale by ! natives4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t at lea/ two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& pairs ( %oes are annually export$ f ! prov9ce1 & ! numb] is con/antly increas+4 ,a few words "h respect+ ! tree itself1 & ! manufacture ( ! %oes1 may n be out ( place4 ,! tree is q peculi> 9 its appe>ance1 & sometimes rea*es ! hight ( eighty & ev5 a hundr$ feet4 ,! trunk is p]fectly r\nd1 r smoo?1 & protect$ by a b>k ( a light color4 ,! leaves gr[ 9 clu/]s ( ?ree toge!r1 are ?91 & ( an ovate =m1 & are f t5 to fifte5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! c5t] leaf ( ! clu/] is always ! longe/4 ,?is rem>kable tree be>s a curi\s fruit ( ! size ( a pea*1 :i*1 al?\gh n v palatable1 is eag]ly s\ght aft] by diff]5t animals4 ,x is sep>at$ into ?ree lobes1 :i* conta9 ea* a small black nut4 ,! trees are tapp$ 9 ! same mann] t ! ,new ,engl&]s tap maple-trees2 ! trunk hav+ be5 p]=at$1 a yell[i% liquid1 resembl+ cream1 fl[s out1 :i* is caught 9 small clay cups fa/5$ to ! tree4 ,:5 ^! become full1 _! cont5ts are empti$ into l>ge e>!n j>s1 9 :i* ! liquid is kept until desir$ = use4 ,! op]ation ( mak+ ! %oes is z simple z x is int]e/+4 ,imag9e y\rself 9 "o ( ! s]+a groves ( ,brazil4 ,ar\nd y are a numb] ( good-look+ natives ( l[ /ature & olive complexions4 ,"o is /irr+1 ) a long wood5 /ick1 ! cont5ts ( a caldron1 plac$ ov] a pile ( blaz+ emb]s4 ,?is is ! liquid z x 0 tak5 f ! rubb] tree4 ,into ?is a wood5 #8la/1' cov]$ ) clay1 & hav+ a h&le1 is plung$4 ,a coat+ ( ! liquid rema9s4 ,ano!r native !n takes ! #8la/1' & holds x 9 ! smoke aris+ f ! ignition ( a species ( palm fruit1 = ! purpose ( caus+ ! glut9\s sub/ance to assume a d>k color4 ,! #8la/' is !n plung$ aga9 into ! caldron1 & ?is process is repeat$ z 9 dipp+ c&les1 until ! coat+ is ( ! requir$ ?ickness4 ,y w moreov] notice a numb] ( ,indian girls engag$ 9 mak+ v>i\s impressions1 su* z fl[]s1 c41 ^u ! s(t surface ( ! rubb]1 by means ( _! ?umb-nails1 :i* are especially p>$ & cultivat$ = t purpose4 ,aft] ?is f9al op]ation1 ! %oes are plac$ 9 ! sun to h>d51 & l>ge numb]s ( !m may be se5 laid out on mats 9 expos$ situations4 ,! aborig9al "n ( ! rubb] is cah*u1 f :i* ! =midable ^w ( ca\t*\c is d]iv$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,old ,,r\nd ,,t[] ,,at ,,newport4 ,,! ,,r\nd ,,t[] ,,at ,,newport4 8,! t[]0--8! old r\nd t[]0--8! old /one t[]10 at ,newport1 ,rhode ,isl&1 if n "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w1 has at lea/ excit$ wond] en\gh 9 "s ( its inhabitants1 & be5 a monum5t ( deep int]e/ to ! travel]1 ! antiqu>ian1 ! controv]siali/1 & ! poet4 ,its appe>ance may be se5 9 ! cut bel[1 :i* is tak5 f a draw+ made on ! spot4 ,= a long "t x 0 ! prevail+ belief1 t x 0 built by ! ,nor?m51 :o1 x 0 suppos$1 coa/$ along ! ,new ,engl& %ores z e>ly z ! twelf? c5tury4 ,ev5 ! society ( ,dani% antiqu>ies1 gravely came to ?is conclusion1 f "s draw+s & acc\nts t 7 s5t !m2 & ! discov]y ( a 8skeleton 9 armor10 on ! ma9 l&1 ne> ,newport1 gave curr5cy to ?is impression4 ,lat] inve/igations1 h[ev]1 h settl$ ! po9t t x 0 orig9ally built = a w9dmill1 ab\t #afgf4 ,x is ab\t sev5ty-five feet above high-wat] level 9 ! h>bor1 & ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty rods f ! %ore4 ,?us has be5 dissipat$ ! f\ndation ( _m a wild !ory1 & _m a joy\s hoax ( o!r days4 ,illu/ration3 ,,subm>9e ,,or ,,div+ ,,armor4 ,,div+ ,,armor4 ,! m5tion ( ! ,india-rubb] tree1 on a previ\s page1 sugge/s ! application ( ! valuable sub/ance d]iv$ f x1 to "o ( its _m important uses1 viz41 to ! subm>9e or div+ armor4 ,?is is repres5t$ 9 ! cut bel[1 :]e ! div]1 or p]son ab\t to desc5d into ! sea1 is se5 encas$ ) a wat]-pro( dress1 made *iefly ( ,india rubb]4 ,8 feet are heavily load$ ) boots :i* h soles made ( ?ick plates ( lead4 ,on 8 head is a helmet-%ap$ cov]+1 made ( iron1 f :i* rises a hose1 ?r\gh :i* fre% air is =c$ to him1 by p[]ful air-pumps1 :5 he is "u ! wat]4 ,?is helmet1 :i* is well padd$1 is furni%$ ) two glass eyes1 :i* are protect$ by wire grat+s4 ,ar\nd ! wai/ is a /rong girdle provid$ ) iron r+s1 "o on ea* side1 f :i* asc5d cords to ! p]sons 9 ! boat f :i* ! div] desc5ds1 = ! purpose n only ( aid+ to guide him ov] ! rocks1 & help+ him to an upright position1 b to s]ve = signaliz+ 9 case ( sudd5 dang] or accid5t1 & z a means ( haul+ him up :5 requir$4 ,?us al?\gh ! div] is at p]fect lib]ty to direct 8 own movem5ts1 he is /ill held 9 lead+-/r+s f ! boat1 & all 8 motions are vigilantly wat*$ & c>$ = by 8 companions above4 ,to aid him 9 keep+ "u wat]1 ! div] also we>s two heavy plates ( lead1 "o 9 front & ! o!r beh9d1 :i* are s adju/$ z to leave 8 arms at lib]ty1 & at ! same "t give equilibrium to 8 subm]g$ body4 ,9 ?is case1 he also has a bag 9 front1 into :i* he may put valuables ( small size pick$ up 9 ! deep1 su*1 = example1 z pe>ls1 or amb]1 bo? ( :i* h be5 s\ght = by p]sons ?us equipp$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mann] ,,( ,,work+ ,,! ,,div+ ,,armor4 ,! me?od ( explor+ ) ?is armor1 is se5 9 ! second cut1 :]e ! div] is repres5t$ z bel[ ! wat]1 :ile 8 companions are 9 ! boat above1 "s ( !m hold+ ! ropes1 "s pump+ d[n air1 & o!rs hold+ ! ladd]1 :ile ! div] himself is pick+ up "s object ( value f ! bottom ( ! sea4 ,?is armor has be5 us$ 9 se>*+ = amb]1 pe>ls1 lo/ treasure1 c41 c4 ,& :51 "s ye>s s9ce1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates /eam-frigate ,miss\ri 0 sunk 9 ,gibralt> h>bor1 s z to ob/ruct navigation1 & all attempts by di/+ui%$ ,engli% eng9e]s to raise h] _h prov$ 9 va91 an ,am]ican1 go+ d[n 9 ! above-describ$ armor1 explor$ h] position1 & !n contract$ to bl[ h] to pieces1 :i* he successfully accompli%$1 ?\gh %e 0 9 tw5ty-six feet wat]1 & cov]$ by fifte5 feet ( s&4 ,9 do+ ?is1 he consum$ =ty-?ree ?\s& p\nds ( p[d]1 rais$ sixte5 hundr$ tuns ( iron1 & "s eight hundr$ tuns ( oy/]s t _h gr[n to ! iron4 ,all 8 m5 7 clo!d 9 ! subm>9e armor1 & s p]fect 0 ! managem5t1 t n a life 0 lo/1 & n an accid5t happ5$ dur+ ! :ole ( ! op]ation4 ,9 ?is connection1 ! rec5tly inv5t$ 8,nautilus div+-bell0 is wor?y ( notice4 ,?is bell is provid$ ) air-tight comp>tm5ts1 :i* hold ei!r air or wat]1 z asc5t or desc5t is requir$3 & is s balla/$ t1 :5 fill$ ) wat]1 buoyancy is de/roy$1 & ! ma*9e gradually s9ks4 ,expel ! wat] f ! tanks1 & ! ma*9e comes ( c\rse at once to ! surface4 ,by op5+ a valve ne> ! bottom ( ! bell1 ! wat] ent]s ?r\gh a pipe into ! tanks2 ! air at ! same "t escap+ ?r\gh a valve at ! top1 op5$ or clos$ by ! op]ator at w4 ,desc5t is ?us effect$4 ,on ! contr>y1 let air be turn$ into ! tanks1 escape at top be clos$1 & valves at bottom op5$1 wat] is expell$ & asc5t secur$4 ,to raise heavy weights1 a great] or less am\nt ( wat] is expell$4 ,susp5sion-*a9s atta*$ to weight1 imm$iately tight52 ma*9e & weight become buoyant1 & !n by cables atta*$ to an*ors work+ ?r\gh /uff+-boxes1 w9dlasses may be transport$ to any desir$ spot1 & !re deposit$4 ,free communication may be held ) ! bottom ?r\gh an op5+ ( betwe5 twelve & fifty squ>e feet1 accord+ to size ( bell1 clos$ by an iron door1 & secur$ by bolts4 ,by ?r[+ ! door back1 an equilibrium betwe5 air & wat] may be atta9$ at any dep?1 by great] or less am\nts ( air1 z det]m9$ by suitable gauges p]man5tly fa/5$ 9 ! bell4 ,su* is ! +5i\s me*anism ( ?is wond]ful contrivance4 ,,tree-,,h\se ,,9 ,,caffr>ia4 ,9 ,caffr>ia1 9 ,africa1 !re is an 8inhabit$ tree10 :i* travel]s ?us describe3 8,x /&s at ! base ( a range ( m\nta9s1 due ea/ f ,kurri*a9e1 9 a place call$ #8,ongorutcie ,f\nta94' ,its gigantic limbs conta9 sev5te5 conical huts4 ,^! are us$ z dwell+s1 be+ beyond ! rea* ( ! lions1 :i*1 s9ce ! incursion ( ! ,mantates f ! adjo9+ c\ntry1 :5 s _m ?\s&s ( p]sons 7 massacr$1 h become v num]\s 9 ! neighborhood1 & de/ructive to human life4 ,! bran*es ( ! tree are support$ by =k$ /icks1 or poles1 & !re are ?ree ti]s1 or plat=ms1 on :i* ! huts are con/ruct$4 ,! l[e/ is n9e feet f ! gr\nd1 & holds t5 huts2 ! second1 ab\t eight feet high1 has ?ree huts2 & ! upp] /ory1 if x may be s call$1 conta9s f\r4 ,! asc5t to ^! is made by not*es cut 9 ! support+ poles2 & ! huts are built ) twigs1 ?at*$ ) /raw1 & w conta9 t5 p]sons1 conv5i5tly40 ,illu/ration3 ,,tree-,,h\se ,,9 ,,caffr>ia4 ,a view ( "o ( ^! trees is giv5 9 ! cut on ! previ\s page4 ,o!r villages h be5 se5 by travel]s1 built some:at simil>ly to ! above2 b ^! 7 erect$ on /akes1 in/ead ( trees1 ab\t eight feet above ! gr\nd1 ab\t =ty feet squ>e1 l>g] 9 "s places1 & conta9+ ab\t sev5ty or eighty huts4 ,! inhabitants sit "u ! %ade ( ^! plat=ms dur+ ! day1 & retire at night to ! huts above4 ,,! ,,ra9+-,,tree4 ,! isl& ( ,fi]ro is "o ( ! mo/ consid]able ( ! ,can>ies1 & "s suppose its "n to h be5 giv5 ^u ?is acc\nt3 t its soil1 n af=d+ s mu* z a drop ( fre% wat]1 seems to be ( iron2 &1 inde$1 !re is 9 ?is isl& nei!r rivulet1 nor well1 nor spr+1 save t only t[>d ! seaside !re are "s wells2 b !y lie at su* a di/ance f ! city1 t ! inhabitants c make no use !re(4 ,b ! great ,pres]v] & ,su/a9] ( all1 rem$ies ?is inconv5i5ce by a way s extraord9>y1 t we c b sit d[n & ackn[l$ge t he gives 9 ?is1 und5iable demon/ration ( 8 goodness & inf9ite provid5ce4 ,= 9 ! mid/ ( ! isl&1 says a late travel]1 !re is a tree1 :i* is ! only "o ( ! k9d1 insomu* t x ha? no resemblance to ^? m5tion$ by u 9 ?is relation1 nor to any o!r kn[n to u 9 ,europe4 ,! leaves ( x are long & n>r[1 & cont9ue 9 con/ant v]dure1 w9t] & summ]2 & its bran*es are cov]$ ) a cl\d1 :i* is nev] dispell$1 b resolv$ into a moi/ure1 caus+ to fall f its leaves a v cle> wat]1 & t 9 su* abundance1 t ! ci/]ns1 :i* are plac$ at ! foot ( ! tree to receive x1 are nev] empty1 b conta9 en\gh to supply bo? man & bea/4 ,,! ,,travel]',s ,,fri5d4 ,some:at l ! tree la/ m5tion$1 is "o :i* is f\nd 9 ,madagasc>1 & :i*1 f its prop]ty ( yield+ wat]1 is call$ 8! travel]'s fri5d40 ,x diff]s f mo/ o!r trees 9 hav+ all its bran*es 9 "o plane1 l ! /icks ( a fan or ! fea!rs ( a peacock's tail4 ,at ! extremity ( ea* bran* gr[s a broad d\ble leaf1 sev]al feet 9 l5g?1 :i* spreads itself out v gracefully4 ,^! leaves radiate heat s rapidly aft] sunset1 t a copi\s deposition ( dew takes place ^u !m1 :i*1 soon collect+ into drops1 =ms little /reams1 :i* run d[n ! bran*es to ! trunk4 ,"h x is receiv$ into holl[ spaces ( consid]able magnitude1 "o ( :i* is f\nd at ! root ( e bran*4 ,^! bran*es lie "o ov] ! o!r alt]nately1 & :5 a knife1 or1 :i* is bett]1 a flat piece ( /ick 7= x is n necess>y to cut ! tree7 is ins]t$ betwe5 ! p>ts :i* ov]lap1 & slightly drawn to "o side1 s z to cause an op5+1 a /ream ( wat] gu%es out z if f a f\nta94 ,h5ce ! appropriate "n ( 8! travel]'s fri5d40 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,camphor-,,tree4 ,,! ,,camphor-,,tree4 ,! camphor-tree1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! cut bel[1 gr[s naturally 9 ! woods ( ,japan1 & 9 _m ( ! isl&s ( ! f> di/ant ,pacific ocean4 ,! "p :i* smells /rong] ( camphor ?an any o!r1 is ! root1 :i* yields x 9 great quantities4 ,! b>k ( ! /alk has outw>dly r a r\gh appe>ance2 ! inn] surface is smoo? & muc\s1 & is v easily sep>at$ f ! wood1 :i* is dry 9 its nature1 & :ite 9 its color4 ,! leaves /& ^u sl5d]1 delicate foot-/alks1 hav+ an entire undulat+ m>g9 runn+ out into a po9t2 ! upp] surface ( ! leaf is ( a lively1 %9+ gre51 & ! l[]1 h]bace\s & silky4 ,! fl[]s are produc$ on ! tops ( foot/alks1 :i* proce$ f ! arm-pits ( ! leaves1 b n till ! tree has atta9$ consid]able age & size4 ,! fl[]-/alks are sl5d]1 bran*$ at ! top1 & divid$ into v %ort p$icles1 ea* support+ a s+le fl[]2 ^! fl[]s are :ite1 & consi/ ( six petals1 :i* are succe$$ by a %9+ purple b]ry1 ( ! size ( a pea4 ,?is is compos$ ( a s(t1 pulpy sub/ance1 ( a purple color1 hav+ ! ta/e ( cloves & camphor1 & ( a k]nel ( ! size ( a pepp]1 :i* is cov]$ ) a black1 %9+ sk91 ( an insipid ta/e4 ,! camphor is a solid concrete juice1 extract$ f ! wood ( ! camphor-tree4 ,pure camphor is v :ite1 cle>1 & unctu\s to ! t\*3 ! ta/e is bitt]i%-aromatic1 & accompani$ ) a s5se ( coolness3 ! smell is p>ticul>ly fragrant1 some?+ l t ( rosem>y1 b mu* /rong]4 ,x has be5 long e/eem$ = its m$ic9al qualities1 & has be5 ju/ly celebrat$ 9 fev]s1 malignant & epidemic di/emp]s4 ,9 delirium1 :]e opiates fail$ 9 procur+ sleep1 b r increas$ & aggravat$ ! symptoms1 ?is m$ic9e has be5 (t5 f\nd to procure x4 ,physicians attribute ^! effects to its s$ative qualities4 ,x is a p[]ful m$ic9e1 capable ( do+ great good or h>m4 ,x is said to be poison\s to animals1 (t5 putt+ !m into a sleep f :i* !y nev] wak54 ,,! ,,c9namon-,,plant4 ,?is plant gr[s mo/ abundantly 9 ,ceylon1 & is ?us describ$ by ,bi%op ,heb]4 ,aft] speak+ ( ! visits ( a =5oon1 he adds3 8,9 ! aft]noon we drove ?r\gh ! f>-fam$ c9namon-g>d5s1 :i* cov] upw>d ( sev5te5 ?\s& acres ( l& on ! coa/1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* are ne> ,colombo4 ,! plant ?rives be/ 9 a poor1 s&y soil1 9 a damp atmosph]e4 ,x gr[s wild 9 ! woods to ! size ( an apple-tree1 b :5 cultivat$ is nev] all[$ to gr[ m ?an t5 or twelve feet 9 hight1 ea* plant /&+ sep>ate4 ,! leaf is some?+ l ! laurel 9 %ape1 b ( a light] color4 ,:5 x fir/ %oots out x is r$1 & *anges gradually to gre54 ,x is n[ out ( blossom1 b ,i am told ! blossom is :ite1 & spreads1 :5 9 full blossom1 to cov] ! g>d54 ,aft] he>+ s mu* ( ! spicy gales f ?is isl&1 ,i 0 mu* disappo9t$ at n be+ able to discov] any sc5t1 at lea/ f ! plants4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ! g>d5s1 !re is a v fragrant-smell+ fl[] gr[+ "u !m1 :i* at fir/ l$ u into ! belief t we smelt ! c9namons1 b we 7 soon undeceiv$4 ,on pull+ (f a leaf or twig1 y p]ceiv$ ! spicy odor v /rongly1 b ,i 0 surpris$ to he> t ! fl[] _h little or none4 ,z ! c9namon =ms ! only consid]able export ( ,ceylon1 x is ( c\rse pres]v$ ) c>e4 ,by ! old ,dut* law ! p5alty = cutt+ a bran* 0 no less ?an ! loss ( a h&2 at pres5t a f9e expiates ! (f5se4 ,! neighborhood ( ,colombo is p>ticul>ly favorable to its gr[?1 be+ well %elt]$1 ) a high1 equable temp]ature1 & z %[]s fall frequ5tly1 ! gr\nd is nev] p>*$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,tree ,,temple ,,at ,,matibo ,,9 ,,pi$mont4 ,,! ,,tree ,,temple4 ,among ! miscellane\s wond]s1 or at lea/ curiosities1 t ! travel] may behold z he passes ?r\gh ,italy1 may be m5tion$ ! tree temple1 a view ( :i* is giv5 9 ! engrav+ bel[4 ,?is s+ul> tree is "o ( ! curi\s ornam5ts ( a beautiful e/ate1 call$ ,matibo1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,savigliano1 9 ,pi$mont1 9 nor!rn ,italy4 ,x 0 plant$ "s sev5ty ye>s ago2 b x 0 only )9 "s ?irty ye>s t ! idea 0 />t$ ( mak+ x gr[ 9 ! =m ( a temple1 :i*1 aft] mu* "t1 p]sev]ance & labor1 0 f9ally realiz$4 ,x consi/s1 z may be se5 9 ! engrav+1 ( two /ories1 ea* ( :i* has eight w9d[s1 & is capable ( conta9+ tw5ty p]sons4 ,! floors are =m$ ( bran*es tw9$ toge!r ) great skill1 & cov]$ by nature ) leafy c>pets2 & all ar\nd1 ! natural gr[? & v]dure ( ! tree h =m$ ?ick walls1 :]e flocks ( birds h tak5 up _! abodes & built _! ne/s4 ,! proprietor ( ! isl& ,matibo has nev] di/urb$ ^! joy\s little t5ants ( 8 prop]ty1 b r enc\rag$ _! pres5ce2 s t at all h\rs ( ! day1 !y may be he>d fe>lessly sport+ & w>bl+1 to ! delight ( ! num]\s visitors1 :o "h enjoy alike ! cool breezes & ! beautiful prospect4 ,,! ,,t]mites1 ,,or ,,:ite ,,ants4 ,^! curi\s & wond]ful insects are f\nd bo? 9 ,india & ,africa4 ,!y are ( sev]al species1 "o or two ( :i* con/ruct works surpass+ 9 skill ^? ev5 ( ! bee & beav]1 & comp>atively ( f> great] size = !m1 ?an ! boa/$ pyramids ( ! anci5ts are = man4 ,! labor]s employ$ among !m 9 ^! works1 are n a qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?2 & yet ! /ructures !y re> rise to ! hight ( t5 or ev5 twelve feet above ! surface ( ! e>?1 & 9 _! int]ior con/ruction & v>i\s arrangem5ts1 exce$ ev5 ! works ( man himself4 ,! mo/ /rik+ p>ts ( ^! /ructures are ! royal ap>tm5ts1 ! nurs]ies1 magaz9es ( provisions1 ! ar*$ *amb]s & gall]ies1 ) _! v>i\s communications2 ! ranges ( ! ,go?ic-%ap$ ar*es1 project$1 & n =m$ by m]e excavation1 "s ( :i* are two or ?ree feet high1 b :i* dim9i% rapidly1 l ! ar*es ( aisles 9 p]spective2 ! v>i\s roads1 slop+ /aircases1 & bridges consi/+ ( "o va/ ar*1 con/ruct$ to %ort5 ! di/ance betwe5 ! sev]al p>ts ( ! build+1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be connect$ only by w9d+ passages4 ,9 ! foll[+ engrav+ may be se51 on ! "r1 "o ( ! ant-hills z x appe>s ext]nally2 & on ! left1 a section ( "o ( !m1 surm\nt$ by its conical ro(4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,s5egal1 ! numb]1 magnitude & clos5ess ( ^! /ructures make !m appe> l ! villages ( ! natives2 & _! /r5g? is su*1 t :5 !y h be5 rais$ to ab\t half _! hight1 ! wild bulls ( ! c\ntry /& on !m1 z s5t9els1 :ile ! re/ ( ! h]d are fe$+ bel[4 ,:5 at _! full hight ( t5 or twelve feet1 !y are us$ by ,europeans z look-out /ations1 :5ce !y c see ov] ! grass1 :i* 9 ,africa is1 on an av]age1 ( ! hight ( ?irte5 feet4 ,f\r or five p]sons may /& on ! top ( "o ( ^! build+s1 to look out = a vessel ! approa* ( :i* may be expect$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ant-,,hills ,,( ,,! ,,:ite ,,ant4 ,! t]mites !mselves are divid$ into ?ree di/9ct ranks1 or ord]s1 viz41 ! labor]s1 or work+ insects2 ! soldi]s1 or ! fight+ ord]1 :o avoid all labor1 & are ab\t twice z long z ! labor]s1 & ne>ly fifte5 times _! bulk2 & la/ly1 ! w+$ or p]fect insects1 :i* may be /yl$ ! nobility or g5try1 :o nei!r fight nor "w1 & f :om come ! k+s & que5s ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,^! insects are extremely de/ructive2 & x is said t a des]t$ t[n has be5 kn[n to be utt]ly de/roy$ by !m 9 two or ?ree ye>s1 s t n a ve/ige ( x rema9$4 ,at ,bombay1 9 a few h\rs1 !y w demoli% a l>ge *e/ ( books1 pap]s1 silks1 or clo!s1 p]=at+ !m ) a ?\s& holes2 & !y sometimes p5etrate & eat up ! timb]s & bo>ds ( h\ses1 & 9 ! same mann] de/roy ! timb]s ( a %ip4 ,! only way to pres]ve any?+ f _! depr$ations1 :5 !y are 9 a neighborhood1 is to put x on a plat=m re/+ on glass bottles1 :i*1 if kept free f du/1 !y c n asc5d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,huts ,,9 ,,kamts*atka4 ,,huts ,,9 ,,kamts*atka4 ,side by side ) ! f9i%$ /ructures ( animal in/9ct exhibit$ 9 ! engrav+ ( ! ant hills above1 we next give a picture ( ! rude huts ( ! unciviliz$ inhabitants ( ,kamts*atka1 9 _! cold nor!rn home1 at ! nor?-ea/]n extremity ( ,asia1 :i* is "o ( ! colde/ spots on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,x is impossible1 9 s sev]e a climate1 to raise :eat1 corn1 or ! common productions ( w>m] regions4 ,! p1 h[ev]1 h a comp5sation = ! scant9ess ( vegetable productions 9 ! pr(usion ( animal life :i* seems to fill alike ! e>?1 ! air & ! wat]4 ,! coa/s sw>m ) seals & o!r m>9e animals2 ! rocks are cov]$ ) %ell-fi%2 ! bays ab\nd 9 h]r+s1 & ! riv]s ) salmon & o!r mo/ valuable fi%4 ,flocks ( gr\se1 wild geese & ducks1 (t5 d>k5 ! air4 ,! c\ntry ab\nds 9 be>s1 :i* are fat1 & greatly e/eem$ by ! inhabitants z food4 ,f all ^! s\rces1 ! p are suppli$ ) ! greate/ abundance2 &1 z a consequ5ce1 !y h sunk into a lazy & almo/ /upid s5suality4 ,!y are a %ort & copp]-color$ race1 some:at l ! ,esquimaux4 ,l !m1 !y h dogs1 :i* !y use 9 sl$ges1 z se5 9 ! engrav+4 ,_! w9t] h\ses are half sunk 9 ! e>?1 :ile ^? = summ] are elevat$ on poles above x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tak+ ,a ,,:ale4 ,,! ,,:ale4 ,?is va/ mon/] ( ! deep is "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w1 or at lea/ ( its mighty oceans4 ,x is f\nd *iefly 9 ! m nor!rn seas1 :]e its food1 consi/+ ( small mollusc\s & cru/ace\s animals1 b *iefly ( ! clio borealis1 is f\nd4 ,:ales are (t5 f\nd f fifty to sixty1 & "s ( !m f n9ety to "o hundr$ feet 9 l5g?1 & f ?irty to =ty feet1 & ev5 m1 9 circumf]5ce4 ,! true :ale is rem>kable = ! imm5se size ( its head1 :i* con/itutes a full ?ird ( ! entire l5g? ( ! animal4 ,! eyes are v small1 & plac$ j above ! angles ( ! m\?4 ,! ext]nal op5+ ( ! e>s is sc>cely p]ceptible4 ,! pectoral f9s are ( mod]ate size1 & locat$ ab\t two feet beh9d ! angles ( ! m\?4 ,! tail1 or1 m prop]ly1 ! tail f91 consi/s ( two p>ts1 or lobes1 ( imm5se /r5g?1 measur+1 9 a full-gr[n :ale1 "s tw5ty feet across1 f tip to tip4 ,x is wield$ by muscles ( enorm\s p[]1 & ?us becomes a weapon ( (f5se & def5se = ! :ale1 z well z its *ief means ( locomotion4 ,a s+le bl[ ( ! tail is suffici5t to cut ! /\te/ :aleboat 9 two1 & to s5d its fragm5ts :irl+ ?r\gh ! air4 ,! engrav+ gives a view ( a "r :ale ab\t to be h>poon$2 :ile 9 ! di/ance is ano!r1 la%$ to ! %ip = 8cutt+ 910 & /ill ano!r1 :i* ! sailors1 hav+ kill$1 are t[+ 9 t[>d x4 ,! :ale fi%]y 0 c>ri$ on by ! ,biscayans z e>ly z ! twelf? c5tury2 aft]w>d x 0 tak5 up by ! ,dut* & ! ,engli%1 & x n[ engages ne>ly a t5? ( ! tunnage ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,l&+ ,,( ,,! ,,pilgrims4 ,"o ( ! mo/ wond]ful ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 0 ! volunt>y exile ( ! =efa!rs ( ,new ,engl& f _! native c\ntry1 & _! l&+ 7,decemb] tw5ty-fir/1 #afbj7 at ,plym\?--"h1 9 ! new _w1 to organize a community :]e !y might enjoy p]sonal fre$om1 & lib]ty ( consci5ce1 & to wor%ip ,god z seem$ "r to !mselves4 ,! engrav+ on ! foll[+ page gives a view ( !m z !y l&$1 9 a h[l+ wild]ness1 inhabit$ only by savages & wild bea/s1 9 ! dep? ( w9t]1 ) no place ( abode1 or ev5 %elt]1 & no tru/ b 9 _! own res\rces & ! k9d provid5ce ( ,god :i* _h ?us f> wat*$ ov] & protect$ !m4 ,! hi/ory ( _! trials1 _! pres]vation1 _! gr[? & prosp]ity z a p1 & ( ! wond]ful c\ntry t has sprung up1 & is /ill gr[+1 ) a giant gr[?1 9 ! broad l& :i* !y f\nd a wild]ness1 is "o t fills u ) wond] z we pond] x1 & t %\ld fill u ) deep ?ankfulness to ! great s\rce ( all m]cies1 bo? to !m & ourselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l&+ ,,( ,,! ,,pilgrims4 ,! place :]e ! pilgrims l&$ is well kn[n z ! celebrat$ ,,plym\? ,,rock4 ,?is is1 9 "p1 /ill 9 ! same place :]e x /ood :5 our =efa!rs fir/ /epp$ ^u x at _! l&+1 & is po9t$ out to ! visitor z 8,plym\? rock10 or ! 8,pilgrim rock10 or ! 8,rock ( ! ,pilgrims40 ,x is a h>d k9d ( sy5itic granite1 ( a d>k gray color4 ,! mica1 :i* 9 "p composes x1 is 9 v small quantity1 & 9 f9e black p>ticles4 ,! rock is n[ 9 two pieces1 ea* ( :i* is ab\t f\r feet ?r\gh4 ,"o ( ^! pieces1 ab\t six feet & a half 9 diamet]1 z already said1 is /ill at ! wat]'s edge1 9 its orig9al position4 ,! o!r "p1 repres5t$ 9 ! engrav+ on ! next page1 has be5 remov$ f its natural location1 & inclos$ 9 an iron rail+ 9 front ( 8,pilgrim hall10 :i* 0 erect$ z a monum5tal edifice on l& t once belong$ to ,gov]nor ,c>v]4 ,"h x is visit$ by ?\s&s1 :o1 f ye> to ye>1 g1 z to a %r9e ( ! mo/ sacr$ associations1 to ! spot :i* is consecrat$ by ! suff]+s1 ! c\rage1 & ! piety ( ! f\nd]s ( our nation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plym\? ,,rock4 ,we might fill pages ) ! n>ratives ( _! exposures1 h>d%ips & dang]s2 b !y are m or less famili> to all4 ,! hi/ory ( _! p]ils f ! ,indians1 ! native lords ( ! =e/1 is ( itself full ( excitem5t & ?rill+ int]e/4 ,! latt]1 fe>ful le/ ! sup]ior k & ris+ p[] ( ! :ite m5 %\ld 9 ! end be ! ru9 ( _! own supremacy1 7 /irr$ up to endeavor to ext]m9ate !m2 & ?\gh "s p[]ful *iefs & tribes 7 /eadfa/ly fri5dly1 o!rs 7 z /eadfa/ly _! foes4 ,= ye>s aft] ! firm e/abli%m5t ( ! colonies1 ! e>ly settl]s 7 compell$ to g to *ur*1 on ! ,sabba?1 arm$1 z repres5t$ 9 ! engrav+ on ! next page1 t !y might be ready1 if ne$ be1 to def5d !mselves 9 case ( an attack by ! ,indians4 ,dur+ ! days ( ! ,indian w>f>e su* sc5es 7 n uncommon1 & m ?an once a congregation has be5 r\s$ by su* an attack1 & gone =? to meet & disp]se ! foe1 & !n1 sett+ _! s5t9els to wat*1 return$ to ! h\se ( ,god1 to ?ank him = _! deliv]ance1 & cont9ue ! wor%ip ( 8 holy day4 ,?anks to _! labors1 & toils1 & self-d5ials1 & h]oic ent]prise1 to ! pr9ciples t guid$ !m & ! in/itutions !y e/abli%$1 & to ! div9e bless+ att5d+ all1 we are n expos$ to su* p]ils2 b may safely enjoy ! privileges !y h h&$ d[n to u1 ) none to mole/ u or make u afraid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,settl]s ,,( ,,new ,,engl& ,,go+ ,,to ,,*ur*4 ,a ,,wond] ,,( ,,art4 ,!re is n[ 7#ahee7 on exhibition 9 ,p>is1 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable pieces ( ma/]work :i* ! union ( art & sci5ce has ev] produc$4 ,x consi/s ( a picture1 ( ab\t ?ree feet squ>e4 ,?is picture is made up ( colors admirable = _! beauty & boldness1 b !re is no subject4 ,! mo/ exp]i5c$ eye c detect no?+ b disjo9t$ & half-=m$ approximations t[>d a coh]5t design4 ,! mo/ able arti/ sees !re only ! f9e/ colors1 b no "o c tell :at !y are int5d$ to repres5t4 ,9 ! middle ( ! picture1 :i* is horizontally plac$1 is a mirror =m$ by a copp] cyl9d] cov]$ by a p]fectly poli%$ coat+ ( silv]4 ,?is mirror is usually veil$4 ,s f> !re is little rem>kable1 & ! greate/ amateurs 9 pa9t+ w\ld h>dly cons5t to sp5d five francs on su* an app>5tly pr(itless /udy4 ,b x is impossible n to feel a gl[ ( admiration1 :51 on uncov]+ ! mirror1 !re is repres5t$ ^u x 9 ! brighte/ reflect$ rays1 ! :ole sc5e ( ! ,crucifixion4 ,! p>tial color+ !n takes a "* ( inconte/able sup]iority1 & pres5ts to ! a/oni%$ spectators a picture compos$ ( six mo/ p]fect figures1 depict$ ) a degree ( boldness su* z ! ma/] pa9t]s alone knew h[ to imp>t to ! subject :i* x 0 _! glory to repres5t4 ,,! ,,:ale-,,kill]4 ,?is fi% is "o ( ! wond]s ( ! mighty deep1 well kn[n to ^? engag$ 9 :al+1 & 9 ! ,pacific cruis]s4 ,x is ?us describ$ by "o :o has (t5 witness$ its attacks on ! :ale4 8,! kill] is ! wolf ( ! ocean1 & hunts 9 packs1 & _! tall dorsal f9 c be con/antly se5 above ! wat]4 ,?is fi% has always z a companion1 b swimm+ deep]1 ! sword-fi%1 & n[ & !n c be se5 ! %>k4 ,on sight+ _! prey1 :i* ! kill] sees at a great di/ance1 ! pack gives *ase4 ,! unconsci\s :ale is sl[ly mov+ ne> ! surface1 & occasionally sp\t+1 z x 7 9 sport1 jets ( wat] above him4 ,b he n[ sudd5ly sees ! sea-wolf ne> him4 ,in/9ct at once tea*es him t on ! surface he c n be safe1 &1 tak+ 9 a long brea?1 he flukes2 t is1 dives4 ,b !re has be5 ano!r enemy wat*+ him f ! dep?s bel[--! sword-fi%1 :i* n[ d>ts at him ) ! velocity ( lightn+1 & p]=ates ! :ale b5ea?1 ) 8 long & spe>-l nose4 ,?is s5ds him at once to ! surface2 "h he aga9 meets ) 8 enemies1 ! kill]s2 b z yet !y are afraid to approa* him4 ,! :ale n[ beg9s to see ! ext5t ( 8 dang]1 & = a "t m]ely la%es ! wat] ) 8 pond]\s fluke4 ,he soon tires ( ?is1 & rema9s = a %ort "t at re/2 ! pack n[ approa* him1 & he seeks safety 9 flight4 ,b :at c he d8 ,! poor :ale has a hump on 8 back1 & /e]s un/eadily1 :ile ! kill]'s tail & /iff f9 /eady him on 8 c\rse4 ,ne>] & ne>] approa* ! pack to _! victim2 aga9 he takes a long brea? & dives4 ,! sword-fi% has /eadily kept him 9 view2 he1 too1 has a tall f9 & long sl5d] propell+ tail2 & :ile x is an ef=t to ! :ale to increase 8 spe$1 x is b play to ! sword-fi%1 :i* aga9 d>ts & p]=ates 8 prey1 & s5ds ! w\nd$ :ale aga9 to ! surface4 8,! race aga9 comm5ces1 b ?is "t ) dim9i%$ spe$1 ! kill]s hav+ sep>at$ to wat* ! rise ( ! :ale1 :o1 f9d+ 8 enemies 9 e direction1 c\rses 9 a circle1 & aga9 makes a ?ird1 & sometimes a f\r? attempt to escape by div+1 b is always met by ! t]rible spike ( ! sword-fi%4 ,he at la/1 weak1 exhau/$ & dispirit$1 returns to ! surface1 :]e he aga9 attempts escape by flight4 ,/reams ( blood m>k 8 c\rse2 8 enemies /ill foll[ /eadily aft] him1 until he /ops & beg9s to la% & make ! ocean foam ar\nd him2 b n[ l>ge /reams ( 8 life-blood are p\r+ out1 & he is only increas+ 8 weakness by ! ex]tion1 & m]ely la%+ amid/ 8 own gore4 ,tir$1 exhau/$ & fa9t1 he rolls ov]4 ,! deep r$ /reaks ( blood fl[+ f l>ge orifices 9 8 :ite belly c n[ be di/9ctly se54 ,! hungry pack n[ close1 & "o m bold ?an ! re/ seizes him ne> ! ?roat & te>s away ! :ite sk9 & fat2 he op5s 8 m\? & bell[s ) pa94 ,?is is g5]ally ! signal = a comb9$ attack4 ,8 tongue is seiz$ & torn out2 s are 8 eyes4 ,! sword-fi% n[ rises to ! surface1 & 8 tall sp>-l protub]ance is se5 project+ ov] ! body ( ! :ale2 ! %>ks also close 9 & fe$ on ! fat reject$ by ! kill]s4 ,9 ?is /ate ! :ale makes a few dy+ /ruggles4 ,! fea/ n[ comm5ces & cont9ues until ! fat & suffici5t fle% are /ripp$ (f to cause ! c>cass to become too heavy to float on ! surface1 & x s9ks4 ,! %>k is left to enjoy 8 few /reaks ( fat1 :ile ! kill] pack1 accompani$ by _! companion1 ! sword-fi%1 rove aga9 ! broad ocean to seek ano!r levia?an ( ! great deep40 ,a ,,pile ,,( ,,s]p5ts4 ,b>on ,humboldt says3 8,9 ! savannas ( ,izacubo1 ,guiana1 ,i saw ! mo/ wond]ful & t]rible spectacle t c be se52 & al?\gh x be n uncommon to ! natives1 no travel] has ev] m5tion$ x4 ,we 7 t5 m5 on horseback1 two ( :om took ! lead1 9 ord] to s\nd ! passages1 :ile ,i pref]r$ to skirt ! great =e/s4 ,"o ( ! blacks :o =m$ ! vangu>d return$ at full gallop1 & call$ to me1 #8,"h1 sir1 come & see ! s]p5ts 9 a pile4' ,he po9t$ to some?+ elevat$ 9 ! middle ( ! savanna or swamp1 :i* appe>$ l a bundle ( arms4 ,"o ( my company said1 #8,?is is c]ta9ly "o ( ! assemblages ( s]p5ts :i* heap !mselves on ea* o!r aft] a viol5t tempe/4 ,i h he>d ( ^!1 b nev] saw any2 let u proce$ cauti\sly1 & n too ne> !m4' ,:5 we 7 )9 tw5ty paces ( x1 ! t]ror ( our horses prev5t$ our approa*+ ne>]1 to :i* none ( u 7 incl9$4 ,on a sudd51 ! pyramid mass became agitat$2 a horrid hiss+ issu$ f x1 ?\s&s ( s]p5ts roll$ spirally on ea* o!r1 & %ot =? out ( ! circle _! hide\s heads1 pres5t+ _! env5om$ d>ts & fi]y eyes to u4 ,i own ,i 0 ! fir/ to draw back1 b :5 ,i saw ?is =midable phalanx rema9 at its po/1 & appe> to be m dispos$ to def5d itself ?an to attack u1 ,i rode r\nd1 9 ord] to view its ord] ( battle1 :i* fac$ ! enemy on e side4 ,i !n ?\ght :at c\ld be ! design ( ?is num]\s assemblage2 & ,i conclud$ t ?is species ( s]p5t dread$ "s colossean enemy1 :i* might be ! great s]p5t or cayman1 & !y reunite !mselves aft] see+ ! enemy1 s z to resi/ ?is enemy 9 a mass40 ,,am]ican ,,ru9s4 ,! rec5t discov]ies 9 :at is call$ ! 8,great ,bas910 a tract ( table-l& ly+ betwe5 ! ,rocky & ! ,pacific *a9 ( m\nta9s1 are excit+ mu* int]e/1 & awak5+ inquiry & speculation aga9 z to ! orig9 ( ! p :o evid5tly1 9 a =m] p]iod1 inhabit$ ^! n[ desolate regions4 ,capta9 ,walk]1 ! m\nta9e]1 pass$ ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ?is bas9 9 #ahej1 & made "s int]e/+ revelations ( :at he saw4 ,^! /atem5ts h be5 call$ 9 "q1 on acc\nt ( _! suppos$ improbability2 b a lat] trip ( ,lieut5ant ,beale gives a degree ( confirmation to ! facts1 :i* w make ! cr$ibility ( ! /atem5ts m readily admitt$4 ,! :ole c\ntry1 f ! ,colorado to ! ,rio ,gr&e1 betwe5 ! ,gila & ,san ,juan1 is full ( ru9$ habitations & cities1 mo/ ( :i* are on ?is table-l&4 ,capta9 ,walk] /ates t1 9 trav]s+ ?is des]t1 he _h frequ5tly met ) crumbl+ masses ( masonry & numb]less specim5s ( antique pott]y4 ,9 8 la/ trip across1 he saw ! ru9s ( a city m ?an a mile 9 ext5t1 ! /reets ( :i* ran at "r angles4 ,! h\ses _h all be5 built ( /one1 b all _h be5 r$uc$ to ru9 by ! action ( "s great heat1 :i* _h evid5tly pass$ ov] ! :ole c\ntry4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! city rose abruptly a rock tw5ty or ?irty feet high1 ^u ! top ( :i* /ood a portion ( ! walls ( :at _h once be5 an imm5se build+4 ,! outl9e ( ! build+ 0 /ill di/9ct1 al?\gh only ! nor!rn angle1 ) walls fifte5 or eighte5 feet long1 & t5 feet high1 0 /&+4 ,^! walls 7 con/ruct$ ( /one1 well qu>ri$ & well built4 ,lieut5ant ,beale1 on 8 fir/ trip across ! cont95t1 discov]$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! wild]ness ( ,gila1 :at appe>$ to be a /rong =t1 ! walls ( great ?ickness1 built ( /one4 ,he trav]s$ x1 & f\nd x conta9$ =ty-two rooms4 ,a correspond5t ( ! ,plac]ville ,h]ald gives an acc\nt m wond]ful /ill1 ( a /one bridge1 :i* _h also be5 discov]$1 ! f\ndations ( :i* 7 ( /one1 & ne>ly six hundr$ feet f "o ( ! out] abutm5ts to ! o!r1 :ile betwe5 ! two are no less ?an sev5 di/9ct pi]s4 ,?is bridge has ! appe>ance ( a riv] once fl[+ betwe5 its pi]s1 ?\gh n[ !re is n ! slighte/ appe>ance ( su* a riv] 9 t vic9ity4 ,next we h an acc\nt ( a /range race ( p1 nei!r :ites nor ,indians1 call$ ,moquis1 light] 9 color ?an ! ,indians ( ,cali=nia4 ,! wom5 are tol]ably fair1 n be+ s mu* expos$ to ! sun4 ,among !m ,capta9 ,walk] saw ?ree p]fectly :ite1 ) :ite hair & light eyes4 ,!y raise all k9ds ( gra91 melons & vegetables4 ,!y h also a numb] ( or*>ds1 fill$ ) _m k9ds ( fruit-trees4 ,! pea*es !y raise are p>ticul>ly f9e4 ,!y h l>ge flocks ( %eep & goats1 b v few bea/s ( burd5 or cattle4 ,!y are a h>mless1 in(f5sive race2 k9d & hospitable to /rang]s1 & make v little resi/ance :5 attack$4 ,! w>like ,navajos1 :o dwell 9 ! m\nta9s to ! nor?-ea/ ( !m1 are 9 ! habit ( sweep+ d[n ^u !m e two or ?ree ye>s1 & driv+ (f _! /ock4 ,at su* times1 !y ga!r up all t is movable f _! f>ms1 & fly = refuge to _! m\nta9 /ronghold4 ,"h _! enemies d>e n foll[ !m4 ,:5 a /rang] approa*es1 !y appe> on ! top ( ! rocks & h\ses1 wat*+ 8 movem5ts4 ,"o ( _! villages1 at :i* ,capta9 ,walk] /ay$ = sev]al days1 is ov] six hundr$ y>ds long4 ,! h\ses are mo/ly built ( /one & mort>2 "s ( adobe4 ,!y are v snug & com=table1 & _m ( !m are two & ev5 ?ree /ories high4 ,! inhabitants are consid]ably advanc$ 9 "s ( ! arts1 & manufacture excell5t wool5 clo?+1 blankets1 lea!r1 basket-"w & pott]y4 ,unlike mo/ ( ! ,indian tribes 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! wom5 "w )9 doors1 ! m5 p]=m+ all ! f>m & out-door labor4 ,^! p1 accord+ to ! acc\nts1 h nev] _h any int]c\rse ) ! :ite race4 ,,insect ,,slav]y4 ,! mo/ rem>kable fact connect$ ) ! hi/ory ( ants1 is ! prop5sity possess$ by c]ta9 species to kidnap ! work]s ( o!r species1 & compel !m to labor = ! b5efit ( ! community1 ?us us+ !m completely z slaves2 &1 z f> z we yet "k1 ! kidnapp]s are r$ or pale-color$ ants1 & ! slaves1 l ! ill-treat$ natives ( ,africa1 are ( a jet black4 ,! "t = captur+ slaves ext5ds ov] a p]iod ( ab\t t5 weeks1 & nev] comm5ces until ! male & female are ab\t em]g+ f ! pupa /ate2 & ?us ! ru?less m>aud]s nev] int]f]e ) ! cont9uation ( ! species4 ,:5 ! r$ ants are ab\t to sally =? on a m>aud+ exp$ition1 !y s5d sc\ts to asc]ta9 ! exact position 9 :i* a colony ( negroes may be f\nd4 ,^! sc\ts hav+ discov]$ ! objects ( _! se>*1 return to ! ne/ & report _! success4 ,%ortly aft]w>d1 ! army ( r$ ants m>*es =?1 head$ by a vangu>d1 :i* is p]petually *ang+2 ! individuals :i* con/itute x1 :5 !y advance a little be=e1 are s5t to ! re>1 & _! places occupi$ by o!rs4 ,! vangu>d consi/s ( eight or t5 ants only4 ,:5 !y h arriv$ ne> ! negro colony1 !y disp]se1 w&]+ ?r\gh ! h]bage & hunt+ ab\t1 z if aw>e ( ! prop9quity ( ! object ( _! se>*1 yet ignorant ( its exact position4 ,at la/ !y discov] ! settlem5ts1 & ! =emo/ ( ! invad]s1 ru%+ impetu\sly to ! attack1 are met1 grappl$ )1 & frequ5tly kill$ by ! negroes on gu>d4 ,! al>m is quickly communicat$ to ! int]ior ( ! ne/2 ! negroes sally =? by ?\s&s1 & ! r$ ants ru%+ to ! rescue1 a desp]ate conflict ensues1 :i*1 h[ev]1 always t]m9ates 9 ! defeat ( ! negroes1 :o retire to ! inn]mo/ recesses ( _! habitation4 ,n[ foll[s ! sc5e ( pillage4 ,! r$ ants1 ) _! p[]ful m&ibles1 te> op5 ! sides ( ! ant-hills1 & ru% into ! he>t ( ! citadel4 ,9 a few m9utes ea* invad] em]ges1 c>ry+ 9 its m\? ! pupa ( a work] negro1 :i* x has obta9$ 9 spite ( ! vigilance & valor ( its natural gu>dians4 ,! r$ ants return 9 p]fect ord] to _! ne/s1 be>+ ) !m _! liv+ burd5s4 ,on rea*+ ! ne/ ! pupa appe>s to be treat$ precisely z _! own2 & ! work]s1 :5 !y em]ge1 p]=m ! v>i\s duties ( ! community ) ! greate/ en]gy & app>5t good-w4 ,!y repair ! ne/1 excavate passages1 collect food1 fe$ ! l>v1 take ! pupa into ! sun%9e1 & p]=m e (fice :i* ! welf>e ( ! colony seems to require4 ,!y conduct !mselves entirely z if fulfill+ _! orig9al de/9ation4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note ,at #id4cb1 !re is a p>agraph prec$+ "s v]se :i* ends abruptly1 )\t punctuation4 ,x seems t ! int5t 0 to cont9ue ! ?\ght ) ! fir/ l9es ( ! poem4 ,at #ecj4ah1 a clos+ quote m>k occurs :]e !re is no op5+ quote4 ,! previ\s p>agraph closes an ext5d$ quotation1 :i* is n re-op5$4 ,x is difficult to say :e!r ! #8voice' has %ift$4 ,9 any case1 ! clos+ quote 9 "q has be5 remov$4 ,! ^w #8bass-relief' appe>s ?irty-two times1 :ile ! m famili> #8bas-relief' appe>s only twice4 ,bo? v]sions h be5 reta9$4 ,o!r errors deem$ mo/ likely to be ! pr9t]'s h be5 correct$1 & are not$ "h4 ,! ref]5ces are to ! page & l9e 9 ! orig9al4 #i4ah an object mu/ be se51 ,remov$4 #ah4a 8,,! ,,ca/a,g,,no ,,de ,,c5to ,,cavilli10 ,ins]t$4 #bf4ag rate ( eighty-six feet an h\r ,add$4 #bh4b :olly disappe>$ ,ins]t$4 #cf4a mottl$ ) black & & :ite spots ,r$undant4 #hb4ag ,mauna ,loa & ,mauna ,r_/,kea ,replac$4 #hg4cc ,9 _m y_/parts ( ! precipice ,replace4 #abf4bc by any s\nd+ l9e1_/4 ,replac$4 #aih4ab c>ri$ on 9 ,colebrook dale ,remov$4 #bcj4ag ,e>?'s univ]sal family40 ,add$4 #bge4bc #8_/8! wat]fall m\nta910 ,replac$4 #bhi4a "s ( ! savants ,ins]t$4 #cag4ag or ,/4 ,helmo's fires sic3 ,elmo's4 #cbd4bh ,i _h ?\ght a m]e fable4'_/0 ,replac$4 #cdh4cf f su* a surface ,ins]t$4 #dba4f f\r hunddr$ feet ,remov$4 #dbg4bg xs extreme l5g? ,add$4 #ddf4ba fre%-wat] muscle_/sels ,replac$4 #dgj4bc ! "n ( ,ed_/l ,h$jeaz ,probable4 #dgj4bd ! cities ( ,m$ian_/na & ,taif ,transpos$4 #eaa4ae ,,pyramids ,,( ,,m]o,e_/ ,replac$4 #eaf4c s has x be5 =ev]6'0 ,add$4 #ebe4cg & quitt$ !m =ev]40 ,add$4 #faj4ae 9 ,agr4_/1 ,replac$4 #fcd4bb ^! anci5t piles40 ,add$4 #fdi4ce ! fri_/ir? ( ,=? ,transpos$4 #fee4bd ,on ! top is a baso_/in ,replac$4 #gaj4cg 8,france1 ,belgium1 ,holl&1 ,add$4 #gih4bg clos$ by ! op]ator at w4 ,re/or$4