,,blackwood',s ,,ed9burgh ,,magaz9e4 ,,no4 ,,cccclxviii4 ,,octob]1 #ahed4 ,,vol4 ,,lxxvi4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,speculators ,,among ,,! ,,/>s4--,,"p ,,ii41 #cga ,,k+ ,,o?o ,,& ,,8 ,,classic ,,k+dom1 #djc ,,/ud5t ,,life ,,9 ,,scotl&4--,,"p ,,ii41 #dbb ,,civilisation4--,,! ,,c5sus1 #dce ,a ,,russian ,,rem9isc5ce1 #deb ,,records ,,( ,,! ,,pa/4--,,n9eveh ,,& ,,babylon1 #deh ,,! ,,op5+ ,,( ,,! ,,ganges ,,canal1 #dge ,,! ,,uses ,,( ,,beauty1 #dgf ,,spani% ,,politics ,,& ,,cuban ,,p]ils1 #dgg ,,ed9burgh3 ,,william ,,blackwood ,,sons1 #de ,,george ,,/reet1 ,,& #cg ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,,london2 ,to :om all communications 7po/ paid7 mu/ be address$4 ,,sold ,,by ,,all ,,! ,,booksell]s ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,k+dom4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,william ,,blackwood ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ed9burgh4 ,,blackwood',s ,,ed9burgh ,,magaz9e4 ,,no4 ,,cccclxviii4 ,,octob]1 #ahed4 ,,vol4 ,,lxxvi4 ,,speculators ,,among ,,! ,,/>s4#a ,,"p ,,ii4 ,:atev] we talk1 ,?+s are z !y are--n z we grant1 dispute1 or hope2 dep5d+ on nei!r our affirmative nor negative4#b--;,,j]emy ,,taylor4 ,let u be> 9 m9d ! above passage1 pregnant ) solemnis+ reflection1 :ile deal+ ) ! "q be=e u2 always rememb]+ t x is "o purely speculative1 h[ev] int]e/+1 h[ev] excit+1 to imag9ative p]sons2 b to weak & sup]ficial ones--to ^? ( unsettl$ op9ions--capable ( becom+ mis*iev\s4 ,! /ate ( t "q is exactly ?is3 ,! heav5ly bodies ar\nd u1 "s or all ( !m1 are1 or are n1 9 po9t ( fact1 ! abodes ( intellectual & moral be+s l ourselves--t is1 be x obs]v$1 consi/+ ( body & s\l4 ,t !re are o!r & high] ord]s ( intellig5t exi/5ce1 bo? ! ,*ri/ian & ! m]e philosoph] may1 & ! =m] mu/1 admit z an article ( 8 8cre$20 b :at may be ! mode ( t exi/5ce1 & its relations to t physical _w ( :i* we are s5sible1 we "k n1 & conjecture w\ld be idle4 ,t be+s l ourselves exi/ else:]e ?an "h1 is n reveal$ 9 ,scripture2 & ! "q1 consequ5tly1 = u to conc]n ourselves ) is1 :e!r !re nev]!less exi/ rational gr\nds = believ+ ! fact to be s4 ,! accompli%$ & em95t p]son :o has s sudd5ly />t$ ?is discussion1 has1 s9ce 8 ,essay appe>$1#c & 9 /rict consi/5cy ) x1 emphatically decl>$--8,i d n pret5d to disprove a plurality ( worlds2 b ,i ask 9 va9 = any argum5t :i* makes ! doctr9e probable4 ,& z ,i conceive ! unity ( ! _w to be ! result ( its be+ ! "w ( "o ,div9e ,m9d1 ex]cis+ creative p[] accord+ to ,8 own ,ideas2 s x seems to me n unreasonable to suppose t man1 ! be+ :i* c appreh5d1 9 "s degree1 ^? ,ideas1 is a creature unique 9 ! creation40 ,b :at says ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 speak+ ( ! greate/ kn[n memb] ( our planet>y sy/em1 ,jupit]8 8,) s _m /rik+ po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 ! ,e>? & ,jupit]1 ! unprejudic$ m9d _c resi/ ! conclusion1 t ,jupit] has be5 creat$1 l ! ,e>?1 = ! express purpose ( be+ ! seat ( animal & intellectual life4 ,! ,a!i/ & ! ,infidel1 ! ,*ri/ian & ! ,mahomm$an1 m5 ( all cre$s1 nations1 & tongues1 ! philosoph] & ! unlett]$ peasant1 h all rejoic$ 9 ?is univ]sal tru?2 & we d n believe t any individual :o confides 9 ! facts ( a/ronomy s]i\sly rejects x4 ,if su* a p]son exi/s1 we w\ld gravely ask him1 = :at purpose c\ld s gigantic a _w h be5 fram$80#d ,i am su* a p]son1 w\ld say ,dr ,:ewell1 & ,i decl>e t ,i _c tell :y ,jupit] 0 creat$4 8,i d n pret5d to "k = :at purpose ! />s 7 made1 any m ?an ! fl[]s1 or ! cry/all9e gems1 or o!r innum]able beautiful objects4444 ,no d\bt ! ,creator might make creatures fitt$ to live 9 ! />s1 or 9 ! small planetoids1 or 9 ! cl\ds1 or on meteoric /ones2 b we _c believe t he has done ?is1 )\t fur!r evid5ce40#e ,& z to ! 8facts ( a/ronomy10 let me pati5tly exam9e !m1 & ! inf]5ces y seek to d$uce f !m4 ,besides :i*1 ,i w br+ =w>d c]ta9 facts ( :i* y seem to h tak5 no acc\nt4 ,z we =esaw1 ,dr ,:ewell's ,essay is attract+ increas$ att5tion 9 all directions2 &1 z f> z we c asc]ta9 ! scope ( contemporane\s criticism hi!rto pron\nc$1 x is ho/ile to 8 views1 :ile uni=mly recognis+ ! p[] & sci5tific k ) :i* !y are en=c$4 8,we sc>cely expect$10 obs]ves an accompli%$ diurnal ,london review]1#f 8t 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 a s]i\s attempt w\ld h be5 made to re/ore ! explod$ ideas ( man's supremacy ov] all o!r creatures 9 ! univ]se2 & /ill less t su* an attempt w\ld h be5 made by any "o ^: m9d 0 /or$ ) sci5tific tru?s4 ,nev]!less a *ampion has actually appe>$1 :o boldly d>es to combat aga9/ all ! rational inhabitants ( o!r sph]es2 & ?\gh z yet he we>s 8 vizor d[n1 8 dom9ant be>+1 & ! peculi> dext]ity & p[] ) :i* he wields 8 arms1 indicate t ?is knight-errant ( nurs]y notions c be no o!r ?an ! ,ma/] ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge40 ,! review] falls1 x appe>s to u1 into a s]i\s error z to ! s5tim5ts ( ,dr ,:ewell1 :5 *>g+ him ) requir+ u 8to assume t1 9 ! creation ( intellig5t be+s1 ,omnipot5ce mu/ be limit$1 9 its op]ations1 to ! ideas :i* human faculties c conceive ( !m3 t su* be+s mu/ be m5 l ourselves1 ) simil> p[]s1 & h _h _! faculties develop$ by l means40 ,9 ! v passage cit$ to support ?is *>ge1 ,dr ,:ewell w be f\nd ?us exactly limit+ 8 proposition s z to exclude s impi\s & absurd a supposition3--8,9 ord] to conceive1 on ! ,moon1 or on ,jupit]1 a race ( be+s intellig5t l man1 we mu/ conceive !re colonies ( m51 ) hi/ories resembl+1 m or less1 ! hi/ories ( human colonies3 &1 inde$1 resembl+ ! hi/ory ( ^? nations ^: k we inh]it1 f> m closely ?an ! hi/ory ( any o!r t]re/rial nation resembles t "p ( t]re/rial hi/ory40#g ,9 ! passage :i* we h quot$ 9 ! prec$+ column1 ,dr ,:ewell expressly decl>es1 z ( c\rse he c\ld n help decl>+1 t ! ,creator no d\bt might make creatures fitt$ to live on ! />s1 or any:]e2 b ! passage misund]/ood by ! review]1 appe>s to u possess$ ( an ext5sive significance1 ( :i* he has ha/ily lo/ sight1 b :i* is closely connect$ ) t portion ( ! au?or's speculations ) :i* we briefly dealt 9 our la/ numb]1 especially t :i* reg>ds ,man z a be+ ( progressive#h developm5t4 ,to ?is we %all h]eaft] return1 rem9d+ ! read] ( ! c\rse ( ,dr ,:ewell's argum5t z ?us f> disclos$--namely1 t man's intellectual1 moral1 religi\s1 & spiritual nature1 is ( s peculi> & high an ord]1 z to w>rant our reg>d+ him z a special & unique exi/5ce1 wor?y ( ! /ation "h assign$ him 9 creation4 ,intellectually consid]$1 man 8has an elem5t ( community ) ,god3 :]eupon x is s f> conceivable t man %\ld be1 9 a special mann]1 ! object ( ,god's c>e & fav\r4 ,! human m9d1 ) its wond]ful & p]haps illimitable p[]s1 is some?+ ( :i* we c believe ,god to be m9dful30#i t ,he may v reasonably be ?us m9dful ( a be+ :om he has v\*saf$ to make 9 8 own ,image1 aft] ,8 lik5ess--! image & lik5ess ( ! awful ,creator ( all ?+s4 8,! privileges ( man10 obs]ves ,dr ,:ewell1 9 a passage ess5tial to be consid]$ by ^? :o w\ld foll[ 8 argum5t1#aj 8:i* make ! difficulty 9 assign+ him 8 place 9 ! ,va/ ,s*eme ( ! univ]se1 we h describ$ z consi/+ 9 8 be+ an ,intellectual1 ,moral1 & ,religi\s creature4 ,p]haps ! privileges impli$ 9 ! la/ t]m1 & _! place 9 our argum5t1 may ju/ify a ^w m ( explanation4444 ,we are n[ call$ ^u10 proce$s ! ,essayi/1 aft] a /rik+ sket* ( ! "* & capacity ( man1 especially z a spiritual creature1 8to proce$ to exhibit ! ,answ] :i* a some:at diff]5t view ( mod]n sci5ce sugge/s to ?is difficulty or objection40 --8,! difficulty#aa appe>s great ei!r way ( consid]+ x4 ,c ! e>? alone be ! !atre ( su* intellig5t1 moral1 religi\s1 & spiritual action8 ,or c we conceive su* action to g on 9 ! o!r bodies ( ! univ]se8444 ,betwe5 ^! two difficulties ! *oice is emb>rass+1 & ! decision mu/ be unsatisfactory1 except we c f9d "s fur!r gr\nd ( judgm5t4 ,b ?is1 p]haps1 is n hopeless4 ,we h hi!rto ref]r$ to ! evid5ce & analogies suppli$ by "o sci5ce1 namely1 ,a/ronomy4 ,b !re are o!r sci5ces :i* give u in=mation conc]n+ ! nature & hi/ory ( ! ,e>?4 ,f "s ( ^! we may p]haps obta9 "s k ( ! place ( ! ,e>? 9 ! s*eme ( creation2 h[ f> x is1 9 its pres5t condition1 a ?+ unique1 or only "o ?+ among _m l x4 ,any sci5ce :i* supplies u ) evid5ce or in=mation on ?is head1 w give u aid 9 =m+ a judgm5t ^u ! "q "u our consid]ation40 ,?us ! ,essayi/ rea*es ! second /age ( 8 inquiry1 ent]+ on ! spl5did doma9 ( ,,geology4 ,to ?is great b rec5tly consolidat$ sci5ce ,dr ,*alm]s made no allusion 9 8 celebrat$ 8,disc\rses on ! ,*ri/ian ,revelation1 view$ 9 connection ) ! ,mod]n ,a/ronomy10#ab :i* 7 deliv]$ 9 ! ye> #ahag1 ne>ly ?irty-sev5 ye>s ago3 & !n he spoke1 9 8 fir/ ,disc\rse1 ( ,a/ronomy z 8! mo/ c]ta9 & be/ e/abli%$ ( ! sci5ces40 ,dr ,:ewell1 h[ev]1 v9dicates ! claims ( ,geology1 9 respect ( bo? ! c]ta9ty & va/ness ( h] discov]ies1 9 a passage s j & admirable1 t we mu/ lay x be=e our read]s4 8,z to ! va/ness ( a/ronomical discov]ies1 we mu/ obs]ve t ^? ( ,geology are no less va/3 !y ext5d ?r\gh "t1 z ^? ( ,a/ronomy d ?r\gh space2 !y c>ry u ?r\gh millions ( ye>s--t is1 ( ! e>?'s revolutions--z ^? ( ,a/ronomy ?r\gh millions ( ! e>?'s diamet]s1 or ( diamet]s ( ! e>?'s orbit4 ,geology fills ! regions ( duration ) ev5ts1 z ,a/ronomy ! regions ( ! univ]se ) objects4 ,%e c>ries u backw>ds by ! relation ( cause & effect1 z ,a/ronomy c>ries u upw>ds by ! relations ( geometry4 ,z ,a/ronomy /eps on f po9t to po9t ( ! univ]se by a *a9 ( triangles1 s ,geology /eps f epo* to epo* ( ! e>?'s hi/ory by a *a9 ( me*anical & organical laws4 ,if ! "o dep5ds on ! axioms ( geometry1 ! o!r dep5ds on ! axioms ( causation4444 ,b 9 tru?1 9 su* speculations1 ,geology has an immeasurable sup]iority4 ,%e has ! comm& ( an implem5t1 9 addition to all t ,a/ronomy c use2 & "o1 = ! purpose ( su* speculations1 adapt$ f> beyond any a/ronomical elem5t ( discov]y4 ,%e has1 = "o ( h] /udies1--"o ( h] means ( deal+ ) h] problems1--! k ( life1 animal & vegetable4 ,vital organisation is a subject ( att5tion :i* has1 9 mod]n times1 be5 =c$ ^u h]4 ,x is n[ "o ( ! ma9 p>ts ( h] discipl9e4 ,! geologi/ mu/ /udy ! traces ( life 9 e =m--mu/ le>n to deciph] its fa9te/ indications & its fulle/ developm5t4 ,on ! "q1 !n1 :e!r !re be1 9 ?is or t qu>t]1 evid5ce ( life1 he c speak ) ! confid5ce d]iv$ f famili> k2 :ile ! a/ronom]1 to :om su* /udies are utt]ly =eign1 because he has no facts :i* be> ^u !m1 c (f]1 on su* que/ions1 only ! loose/ & mo/ arbitr>y conjectures1 :i*1 z we h _h to rem>k1 h be5 rebuk$ by em95t m5 z be+ altoge!r inconsi/5t ) ! ackn[l$g$ maxims ( 8 sci5ce40#ac ,be=e we proce$ to /ate ! s+ul> & sugge/ive argum5t d]iv$ f ?is spl5did sci5ce1#ad we may apprise ! read] t ,dr ,:ewell's prim>y object is to %[1 t ev5 8suppos+ ! o!r bodies ( ! univ]se to resemble ! e>?1 s f> z to seem1 by _! mat]ials1 =ms1 & motions1 no less fitt$ ?an %e is to be ! abodes ( life1 yet t1 kn[+ :at we "k ( ,man1 we c believe ! e>? to be t5ant$ by a race :o are ! special objects ( ,god's c>e40#ae ,! gr\nds = ent]ta9+1 or r impugn+1 t supposition he subsequ5tly deals ) aft] 8 own fa%ion 9 ,*apt]s ,,vii41 ,,viii41 ,,ix41 ,x42 b ! two ) :i* we are at pres5t conc]n$ are ! fif? & six?1 respectively entitl$1 z we intimat$ 9 our la/ ,numb]1 8,geology10 & 8,! ,argum5t f ,geology40 ,! exact object at :i* ?is lead+ section ( ! ,essay is aim$ is1 9 ! ,essayi/'s words1 ?is3--8,a complete reply to ! difficulty :i* a/ronomical discov]ies appe>$ to place 9 ! way ( religion3--! difficulty ( ! op9ion t ,man1 occupy+ ?is speck ( e>? b z an atom 9 ! univ]se1 surr\nd$ by millions ( o!r globes l>g]1 & to all appe>ance nobl]1 ?an t :i* he inhabits1 %\ld be ! object ( ! peculi> c>e & gu>dian%ip ( ! fav\r & gov]nm5t ( ! ,creator ( ,all1 9 ! way 9 :i* religion tea*es u t he is40#af ,:at is t 8complete reply80 ,! foll[+ passage conta9s a key to ! entire speculation ( ! ,essayi/1 & des]ves a ?\ghtful p]usal3-- 8,t ! scale ( man's insignificance is ( ! same ord] 9 ref]5ce to "t z to space4 ,t ,man--! ,human ,race f its orig9 till n[--has occupi$ b an atom ( "t z he has occupi$ b an atom ( space40444 8,if ! e>?1 z ! habitation ( ,man1 is a speck 9 ! mid/ ( an inf9ity ( space1 ! ,e>?1 z ! habitation ( ,man1 is also a speck at ! end ( an inf9ity ( "t4 ,if we are z no?+ 9 ! surr\nd+ univ]se1 we are z no?+ 9 ! elaps$ et]nity2 or r 9 ! elaps$ organic antiquity dur+ :i* ! ,e>? has exi/$1 & be5 ! abode ( life4 ,if ,man is b "o small family 9 ! mid/ ( innum]able possible h\seholds1 he is also b "o small family1 ! successor ( innum]able tribes ( animals1 n possible only1 b actual4 ,if ! planets may be ! seats ( life1 we "k t ! seas1 :i* h giv5 bir? to our m\nta9s1 7 s4 ,if ! />s may h hundr$s ( sy/ems ( t5ant$ planets roll+ r\nd !m1 we "k t ! second>y gr\p ( rocks does conta9 hundr$s ( t5ant$ b$s1 witness+ ( z _m sy/ems ( organic creation4 ,if ! ,nebul may be planet>y sy/ems 9 ! c\rse ( =mation1 we "k t ! prim>y & transition rocks ei!r %[ u ! e>? 9 ! c\rse ( =mation1 z ! future seat ( life1 or exhibit su* life z already begun4 8,h[ f> t :i* ,a/ronomy ?us ass]ts z possible1 is probable--:at is ! value ( ^! possibilities ( life 9 di/ant regions ( ! univ]se1 we %all h]eaft] consid]2 b 9 :at ,geology ass]ts1 ! case is cle>4 ,x is no possibility1 b a c]ta9ty4 ,no "o w n[ d\bt t %ells & skeletons1 trunks & leaves1 prove animal & vegetable life to h exi/$4 ,ev51 !re=e1 if ,a/ronomy c\ld demon/rate all t h] mo/ fanciful disciples assume1 ,geology w\ld /ill h a complete "r to claim an equal he>+--to insi/ on hav+ h] analogies reg>d$4 ,%e w\ld h a "r to answ] ! que/ions ( ,a/ronomy1 :5 %e asks1 ,h[ c we believe ?is8 ,& to h h] answ] accept$40#ag ,we regret t our space prev5ts our lay+ be=e ! read] ! ma/]ly & deeply int]e/+ epitome ( geological discov]ies conta9$ 9 ^! two *apt]s4 ,! /up5d\s s]ies ( ^! revelations may be ?us briefly indicat$3--,t c\ntless tribes ( animals t5ant$ ! e>? = c\ntless ages be=e ,man's adv5t2 t =m] ocean-b$s n[ con/itute ! c5tres ( our l(tie/ m\nta9s1 z ! results ( *anges gradual1 successive1 & long cont9u$2 t ^! va/ masses ( s$im5t>y /rata pres5t !mselves to our notice 9 a /rangely disord]$ /ate2 t ea* ( ^! rocky lay]s conta9s a va/ pr(usion ( ! rema9s ( m>9e animals1 int]m+l$ ) a great s]ies ( fre%-wat] & l& animals & plants endlessly v>i$--all ^! be+ diff]5t1 n only 9 species1 b 9 k9d6--& ea* ( ^! sep>ate b$s mu/ h la/$ z long1 or p]haps long]1 ?an t dur+ :i* ! dry l& has _h its pres5t =m4 ,! c>eful prosecution ( _! rese>*es has =c$ on ! m9ds ( geologi/s & naturali/s 8! g5]al impression t1 z we desc5d 9 ?is long /aircase ( natural /eps1 we are br\ght 9 view ( a /ate ( ! e>? 9 :i* life 0 scantily manife/$1 s z to be ne> its e>lie/ /ages40#ah ,9 ! op9ion ( ! mo/ em95t geologi/s1 "s ( ^! epo*s ( organic transition 7 also ^? ( me*anical viol5ce1 on a va/ & wond]ful scale--z x 71 a va/ s]ies ( successive p]iods ( alt]nate viol5ce & repose4 ,! g5]al nature ( su* *ange is vividly sket*$ by ! ,essayi/1 9 a passage to :i* we mu/ ref] ! read]4#ai ,:51 cont9ues ! ,essayi/1 we f9d /rata be>+ evid5ce ( su* a mode ( deposit1 & pil$ up to ! height ( ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( feet1 we are naturally l$ to reg>d !m z ! production ( myriads ( ye>s2 & to add new myriads1 z (t5 z we are br\ght to new masses ( /rata ( ! l k9d2 & aga9 to int]polate new p]iods ( ! same ord]1 to all[ = ! transition f "o gr\p to ano!r4#bj ,! be/ geologi/s & naturali/s are utt]ly at fault1 9 attempt+ to acc\nt = ! successive introduction ( ^! num]\s new species1 at ^! imm5se int]vals ( "t1 except by ref]r+ !m to ! ex]cise ( a s]ies ( di/9ct ,acts ( ,creation4 ,! *im]ical notion ( "s natural cause effect+ a transmutation ( "o s]ies ( organic =ms into ano!r1 has be5 long explod$1 z totally de/itute ( pro(3 & 8! doctr9e ( ! successive ,,creation ( species10 says ! ,essayi/1 8rema9s firmly e/abli%$ among geologi/s40#ba ,!re is no?+ kn[n ( ! cosmical conditions ( our globe1 to contradict ! t]re/rial evid5ce = its va/ antiquity z ! seat ( organic life1#bb says ,dr ,:ewell3 & !n proce$s ?us1 9 a passage :i* is well wor? ! read]'s att5tion1 & has excit$ ! ire ( ,sir ,david ,brew/]3-- 8,if1 = ! sake ( giv+ def9it5ess to our notions1 we 7 to assume t ! numb]s :i* express ! antiquity ( ^! f\r p]iods--! pres5t organic condition ( ! e>?2 ! t]ti>y p]iod ( geologi/s :i* prec$$ t2 ! second>y p]iod :i* 0 ant]ior to t2 & ! prim>y p]iod :i* prec$$ ! second>y--7 on ! same scale z ! numb]s :i* express ^! f\r magnitudes3--,! magnitude ( ! e>?2 t ( ! sol> sy/em comp>$ ) ! e>?2 ! di/ance ( ! ne>e/ fix$ />s comp>$ ) ! sol> sy/em2 & ! di/ance ( ! mo/ remote nebul comp>$ ) ! ne>e/ fix$ />s1--!re is1 9 ! evid5ce :i* geological sci5ce (f]s1 no?+ to contradict su* an assumption4 ,& z ! inf9ite ext5t :i* we necess>ily ascribe to space all[s u to f9d room1 )\t any m5tal difficulty1 = ! va/ di/ances :i* a/ronomy reveals1 & ev5 leaves u r emb>rass$ ) ! inf9ite ext5t :i* lies beyond our fur!/ explorations2 s ! inf9ite duration :i* we1 9 l mann]1 necess>ily ascribe to pa/ "t1 makes x easy = u1 s f> z our p[]s ( intellect are conc]n$1 to g millions ( millions ( ye>s backw>ds1 9 ord] to trace ! beg9n+ ( ! e>?'s exi/5ce--! fir/ /ep ( t]re/rial creation40 ,to return1 h[ev]1 to ! c\rse ( ! argum5t4 ,we he> ! oppress$ obs]v] ask+1 z he reasc5ds ?is 8long /aircase ( natural /eps0 :i* _h br\ght "t d[n to ! my/ic orig9 ( animal exi/5ce2 8 eye dimm$ ) its ef=ts to 8deciph]10 9 ! picturesque language ( ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 8d[nw>ds1 ! pale & p]i%+ alphabet#bc ( ! ,*ronology ( ,life0--,,:]e1 ,,all ,,?is ,,:ile1 ,,0 ,,man8 ,7 ,europe at ?is mom5t to be subm]g$ b5ea? ! ocean1 or plac$ "u a va/ rocky /ratum1 :at c\ntless pro(s w\ld pres5t !mselves to ! explor+ eyes ( remote future geologi/s1 ( ! exi/5ce ( bo? ,man & 8 h&iwork6--( 8 own skeleton1 ( ! products ( 8 +5uity & p[]1 & ! v>i\s implem5ts & in/rum5ts ) :i* he _h effect$ !m6 ,! rude/ conceivable "w ( human art w\ld c>ry u to any ext5t backw>d1 b x is n to be f\nd6 ,man's exi/5ce & hi/ory inconte/ably belong to ! exi/+ condition ( ! e>?2 & ! ,essayi/ n[ addresses himself to ! two foll[+ propositions3-- ,fir/1 ,t ! exi/5ce & hi/ory ( man are facts ( an ,entirely ,diff]5t ,ord] f any :i* exi/$ 9 any ( ! previ\s /ates ( ! e>?4 ,secondly1 ,t 8 hi/ory has occupi$ a s]ies ( ye>s :i*1 comp>$ ) geological p]iods1 may be reg>d$ z v brief & limit$4 ,"h op5s ! 8,argum5t f ,geology0--& ) x ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,t ! exi/5ce ( man ^u ! e>? is an ev5t ( an ord] q diff]5t f any previ\s "p ( ! e>?'s hi/ory2 & t !re is no transition f animals to ,,man1 9 ev5 8 mo/ degrad$1 b>b>ian1 & bruti% condition1 ! ,essayi/ demon/rates1 ) affect+ eloqu5ce1 & ) great argum5tative p[]4 ,no d\bt !re are k9ds ( animals v intellig5t & sagaci\s1 & exce$+ly dispos$ & adapt$ to companion%ip ) man2 b by elevat+ ! intellig5ce ( ! brute1 we d n make x become t ( ! man2 nor by mak+ man b>b>\s1 d we make him cease to be man4 ,he has a capacity1 n = becom+ sagaci\s1 b rational1--or r he has a capacity = ,,progress1 9 virtue ( 8 be+ rational4 ,aft] adv]t+ to ,language1 z an awful & my/]i\s evid5ce ( 8 exalt$ end[m5ts1 & felicit\sly di/+ui%+ in/9ct f reason1 ! ,essayi/ obs]ves t we ne$ n be di/urb$ 9 our conclusions by obs]v+ ! condition ( savage & uncultivat$ tribes1 anci5t or mod]n--! ,scy?ians & ,b>b>ians1 ! ,au/ralians & ,negroes4 ,! hi/ory ( man1 9 ! e>lie/ times1 is z truly a hi/ory ( a wond]ful1 intellectual1 social1 political1 spiritual creature1 z x is at pres5t4#bd ,! savage & ignorant /ate is n ! /ate ( nature out ( :i* civilis$ life has ev]y:]e em]g$3 _! savage condition is "o r ( civilisation degrad$ & lo/1 ?an ( civilisation incipi5t & prospective4 ,& ev5 7 x to be assum$ to be o!rwise1 t man1 naturally savage1 _h a t5d5cy to become civilis$1 t ,,t5d5cy is an end[m5t no less wond]ful ?an ^? end[m5ts :i* civilisation exhibits4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we "k n only :at man is1 b :at he may become1 bo? intellectually & morally1 z we h already se52 :5 we ca/ our m9d's eye ov] ! hi/ory ( ! civilis$ section ( our race1 :]ev] au!ntic records ( _! say+s & do+s exi/1 we f9d repeat$ & radiant in/ances ( intellectual & moral greatness1 ris+ into sublimity--su* z compel u to admit t man is incomp>ably ! mo/ p]fect & highly end[$ creature :i* appe>s to h ev] exi/$ on ! e>?4 8,h[ f> previ\s p]iods ( animal exi/5ce 7 a necess>y prep>ation ( ! e>? z ! habitation ( man1 or a gradual progression t[>ds ! exi/5ce ( man1 we ne$ n n[ inquire4 ,b ?is1 at lea/1 we may say1 t man1 n[ t he is "h1 =ms a climax to all t has prec$$--a t]m incomp>ably exce$+ 9 value all ! previ\s p>ts ( ! s]ies--a complex & ornate capital to ! subjac5t column--a p]sonage ( va/ly great] dignity & importance ?an all ! prec$+ l9e ( ! procession40#be ,if we are ?us to reg>d man z ! climax ( ! creation 9 space1 z 9 "t1 8c we po9t out any *>act]s10 f9ally asks ! ,essayi/1 8:i* may t5d to make x conceivable t ! ,creator %\ld ?us di/+ui% him1 & c>e = him--%\ld prep>e 8 habitation1 if x be s1 by ages ( *aotic & rudim5t>y life1 & by accompany+ orbs ( brute & b>r5 matt]8 ,if man be ?us ! head1 ! cr[n$ head1 ( ! creation1 is he wor?y to be ?us elevat$8 ,has he any qualities :i* make x conceivable t1 ) su* an array ( prep>ation & accompanim5t0--! read] w note ! sudd5 introduction ( ^! elem5ts ( ! "q1 ! 8accompany+ orbs60--8he %\ld be plac$ ^u ! e>?1 8 ?rone8 ,does any answ] n[ occur to u1 aft] ! views :i* h be5 pres5t$ to u8 ,t answ]10 cont9ues ! ,essayi/1 8is ! "o :i* has be5 already giv530 8! transc5d5t intellectual1 moral1 & religi\s "* ( man--su* z w>rants him 9 believ+ t ,god1 9 v de$1 is n only m9dful ( him1 b visits him40#bf ,?is may be1 ! objector is conceiv$ to say2 b my difficulty haunts & h>asses me3 t1 :ile man's resid5ce is1 ) ref]5ce to ! c\ntless gli/5+ orbs reveal$ by ,a/ronomy1 sc>cely 9 ! proportion ( a s+le gra9 ( s& to ! entire t]raque\s /ructure ( our globe1 ,i am requir$ to believe t ! ,almighty has dealt ) him1 & ) ! speck 9 :i* he resides1 9 ! awfully exceptional mann] ass]t$ 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,let u "h rem9d ! read] ( a co>s]1 & an insol5t & blasphem\s1 expression ( ?is 8difficulty10 by ,?omas ,pa9e1 already quot$3--#bg 8,! sy/em ( a plurality ( worlds r5d]s ! ,*ri/ian fai? at once little & ridicul\s1 & scatt]s x 9 ! m9d l fea!rs 9 ! air3 ! two beliefs _c be held toge!r 9 ! same m9d40 ,) su* an oppon5t ,dr ,:ewell expressly /ates t he has no conc]n2 he deals ) a 8#8difficulty' felt by a fri5d30 wi%+ 8r to exam9e h[ to quiet ! tr\bl$ & p]plex$ believ]1 ?an h[ to triumph ov] ! dogmatical & self-satisfi$ unbeliev]40 8,let ! difficulty10 he says1 8be put 9 any way ! objector pleases40 ,i4 ,is x t x is unwor?y ( ! greatness & maje/y ( ,god1 accord+ to our conception ( ,him1 to be/[ su* peculi> c>e on s ,,small ,a ,,"p ( ,8 creation8#bh ,b a n>r[ inspection ( ! atom ( space assign$ to man1 proves t ,he has done s4 ,he has made ! p]iod ( mank9d1 ?\gh only a mom5t 9 ! ages ( animal life1 ! only p]iod ( ,intellig5ce1 ,morality1 ,religion4 ,if x be contr>y to ,,our6 conception ( ,him1 to suppose ,him to h done s1 x is pla9 t ^! conceptions are wrong4 ,god has n judg$ z to :at is wor?y ( ,him1 z we h presum$ to judge4 ,he has deem$ x wor?y ( ,himself to be/[ ^u man ?is special c>e1 ?\gh he occupy s small a portion ( ,,"t3--:y n1 !n1 ?\gh he occupy s small a portion ( ,,space8 ,,ii4 ,is ! difficulty ?is3--,t suppos+ ! e>?1 alone1 to be occupi$ by inhabitants1 all ! o!r globes ( ! univ]se are ,,wa/$8--turn$ to ,,no ,,purpose8#bi ,is 8wa/e0 ( ?is k9d to be consid]$ unsuit$ to ! "* ( our ,creator8 ,b "h aga9 we h ! l 8wa/e0 9 ! occupation ( ?is e>?6 ,all its previ\s ages1 its seas & its cont95ts1 h be5 8wa/$0 ^u m]e brute life3 (t51 app>5tly1 on ! l[e/1 ! lea/ consci\s =ms ( life3--^u sponges1 coral1 %ell-fi%4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld n ! seas & cont95ts ( o!r planets be occupi$ ) life ( ?is ord]1 or ) no life at all8 ,:o %all tell h[ _m ages elaps$ be=e ?is e>? 0 t5ant$ by life at all8 ,w ! occupation ( a spot ( l&1 or a little wat]1 by ! life ( a sponge1 a coral1 or an oy/]1 save x f be+ 8wa/$08 ,if a spot ( rock or wat] be suffici5tly employ$ by its be+ ! m]e seat ( organisation1 ( h[ev] l[ & simple a type1--:y n1 by its be+ ! m]e seat ( attraction8 cohesion8 cry/all9e p[]8 ,all p>ts ( ! univ]se appe> p]vad$ by attraction1 by =ces ( aggregation & atomic relation1 by light & heat3 :y may n ^! be suffici5t1 9 ! eyes ( ! ,creator1 to prev5t ! space f be+ 8wa/$10 z1 dur+ a great "p ( ! e>?'s pa/ hi/ory1 & ov] va/ portions ( its mass 9 its pres5t =m1 !y are actually held by ,him to be suffici5t8 s9ce ^! p[]s1 or =ces1 are all t occupy su* portions4 ,?is notion1 !re=e1 ( ! improbability ( !re be+ 9 ! univ]se s va/ an am\nt ( 8wa/e0 spaces1 or 8wa/e0 bodies1 z is impli$ 9 ! notion t ! e>? alone is ! seat ( life1 or ( intellig5ce1 is confut$ by matt]-(-fact1 exi/+1 9 respect ( va/ spaces1 wa/e di/ricts1 & especially wa/e times1 ^u our own e>?4 ,! avoidance ( su* 8wa/e10 accord+ to our notions ( wa/e1 is no "p ( ! economy ( creation1 s f> z we c disc]n t economy 9 its mo/ c]ta9 exemplification4 ,,iii4 ,is ! difficulty ?is3--,t giv+ su* a peculi> dignity & importance to ! e>? is ,,contr>y ,,to ,,! ,,analogy ,,( ,,creation8#cj ,?is objection1 be x obs]v$1 assumes t !re are s _m globes simil> to ! e>?1 & l h] revolv+1--"s accompani$ z %e is1 by satellites1--on _! axis1 & t !re=e x is reasonable to suppose ! de/9ation & (fice ( all1 ! same2--t !re are s _m />s1 ea*1 l our sun1 a s\rce ( light1 probably also ( heat2 & t x is consequ5tly reasonable to suppose _! light & heat1 l 81 imp>t$1 z f s _m c5tres ( sy/ems1 to uphold life2--& t all ?is af=ds /rong gr\nd = believ+ all su* planets1 z well ^? ( our own z ( o!r sy/ems1 inhabit$ l our planet4 ,b ! ,essayi/ aga9 directs ! eye ( ! que/ion] to ! /ate ( our own planet1 z demon/rat$ by ,geology1 9 ord] to %[ ! prec>i\sness1 if n futility1 ( suppos+ su* an analogy to exi/4 ,x w\ld lead u to a palpably false conclusion--viz41 t dur+ all ! va/ successive p]iods ( ! ,e>?'s hi/ory1 t ,e>? 0 occupi$ ) life ( ! same ord]--nay1 ev51 t s9ce ! ,e>? is n[ ! seat ( an intellig5t population1 x mu/ h be5 s 9 all its =m] conditions4 ,= x 0 !n able1 & adapt$1 to support animal life1 & t ( creatures pretty closely resembl+ man#ca 9 physical /ructure4 ,nev]!less1 if evid5ce g = any?+1 ! ,e>? did n d s6 8,ev510 says ,dr ,:ewell1 8^? geologi/s :o h dwelt mo/ on ! discov]y ( fossil monkeys1 & o!r animals ne>e/ to man1 h n dream$ t !re exi/$1 be=e him1 a race ( rational1 intellig5t1 & progressive creatures40#cb ,"h1 h[ev]1 he is mi/ak51 z we %all pres5tly see ,sir ,david ,brew/] revell+ 9 su* a dream4 ,z1 !n1 ! notion t "o p]iod ( "t 9 ! ,e>?'s hi/ory mu/ resemble ano!r 9 ! "* ( its population1 because x resembles x 9 physical conditions1 is negativ$ by ! hi/ory ( ! ,e>? itself2 s ! notion t "o "p ( ! univ]se mu/ resemble ano!r 9 its population1 because x has a resemblance 9 physical conditions1 is negativ$1 z a law ( creation4 ,analogy really af=ds no support to su* a notion4 ,,iv4 ,nay1 cont9ues ,dr ,:ewell1#cc we may g fur!r3 in/ead ( ! analogy ( creation po9t+ to su* entire resemblance ( simil> p>ts1 x po9ts 9 ! opposite direction3 x is n entire resemblance1 b univ]sal diff]5ce1 t we discov]3 n ! repetition ( exactly simil> cases1 b a s]ies ( cases p]petually dissimil>1 pres5ts itself3 n con/ancy1 b *ange--p]haps advance2 n "o p]man5t & p]vad+ s*eme1 b prep>ation1 & completion ( successive s*emes3--n uni=mity1 & a fix$ type ( exi/5ces1 b progression & a climax4 ,view+ ! adv5t ( ,man1 & :at prec$$ x1 x seems ! analogy ( nature t !re %\ld be inf]ior1 z well z sup]ior1 prov9ces 9 ! univ]se1 & t ! inf]ior may occupy an imm5sely l>g] portion ( ,"t ?an ! sup]ior4 ,:y n1 !n1 ( ,space8 8,! e>? 0 brute & in]t1 comp>$ ) its pres5t condition2 d>k & *aotic1 s f> z ! light ( reason & intellig5ce are conc]n$1 = c\ntless c5turies be=e man 0 creat$4 ,:y !n may n o!r p>ts ( creation be /ill 9 ?is brute & in]t & *aotic /ate1 :ile ! e>? is "u ! influ5ce ( a high] ex]cise ( creative p[]8 ,if ! e>? 0 = ages a turbid abyss ( lava & ( mud1 :y may n ,m>s or ,saturn be s /ill8444 ,! possibility t ! planets are su* rude masses1 is q z t5able1 on a/ronomical gr\nds1 z ! possibility t ! planets resemble ! e>?1 9 matt]s ( :i* a/ronomy c tell u no?+4 ,we say1 !re=e1 t ! example ( geology refutes ! argum5t drawn f ! suppos$ analogy ( "o "p ( ! univ]se ) ano!r2 & sugge/s a /rong suspicion t ! =ce ( analogy1 bett] kn[n1 may t5d 9 ! opposite direction40#cd ,we h n[ gone ?r\gh a l>ge portion1 embrac+ two ( ! ?ree sections into :i* we _h divid$ ?is />tl+ ,essay2 pres5t+ z full & fair an acc\nt ( x z is consi/5t ) our limits4 ,?\gh ! au?or pr(esses t he 8does n pret5d to disprove ! ,plurality ( ,worlds1 b to d5y ! exi/5ce ( argum5ts mak+ ! doctr9e probable10 8 undisguis$ object is to assign cog5t reasons = hold+ ! opposite to be ! true doctr9e--! ,unity ( ! ,_w4 ,:at has gone be=e is1 moreov]1 on ! assumption t ! o!r bodies ( ! univ]se are fitt$1 equally ) ! ,e>?1 to be ! abodes ( life4 ,be=e pass+ on1 h[ev]1 to ! rema9+ section ( ! ,essay1 :i* is decid$ly ho/ile to t assumption1 let u "h introduce on ! sc5e ,dr ,:ewell's only hi!rto av[$ antagoni/1 ,sir ,david ,brew/]4 ,?\gh x is impossible to treat o!rwise ?an ) mu* consid]ation1 :atev] is publi%$ by ?is g5tleman1 we mu/ express our regret t he did n m delib]ately approa* s =midable an oppon5t z ,dr ,:ewell1 &1 z we are compell$ to add1 9 a m calm & c\rte\s _s4 ,we nev] read a p]=mance less calculat$ ?an ?is ,essay1 f its mode/y & mod]ation ( tone1 & ! high & ab/ract nature ( ! topics :i* x discusses ) su* p[]ful logic1 & su* a pr(usion ( k ( e k9d1 to provoke an acrimoni\s answ]4 ,x is happily r>e1 9 rec5t times1 = "o ( two philosophic disputants1 to speak ( ! o!r's 8exhibit+ an am\nt ( k s massive z occasionally to smo!r 8 reason20#ce 8ascrib+ 8 s5tim5ts only to "s morbid condition ( ! m5tal p[]s1 :i* fe$s ^u p>adox1 & delights 9 do+ viol5ce to s5tim5ts deeply *]i%$1 & to op9ions univ]sally believ$20#cf *>act]is+ "s ( 8 reason+s z 8dialectics 9 :i* a l>ge dose ( bant] & ridicule is season$ ) a little condim5t ( sci5ce20#cg & an elaborate argum5t1 ( great /r5g? & orig9ality1 :e!r s\nd or n1 z 8! mo/ +5i\s1 ?\gh %all[ piece ( sophi/ry1 :i* we6 7,sir ,david ,brew/]7 h enc\nt]$ 9 mod]n times20#ch ref]r+ 8 8!ories & speculations to no bett] a feel+ ?an a love ( notoriety40#ci ,x is n to be suppos$ t ,sir ,david 0 n p]fectly aw>e :o 8 oppon5t 01#dj :i* occasions extreme surprise at ! tone adopt$ ?r\gh\t ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o4 ,9 8 preface1 he expla9s z a cause ( 8 ang]1 t he f\nd t 8! au?or0 ( ! ,essay1 8"u a title calculat$ to mislead ! public1 _h made an elaborate attack ^u op9ions consecrat$1 z ,sir ,david _h ?\ght1 by reason & revelation10--t ! au?or _h n only adopt$ a !ory 7! ,nebul>7 s univ]sally condemn$ z a dang]\s speculation1 8b _h tak5 a view ( ! condition ( ! sol> sy/em calculat$ to disp>age ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy1 & ?r[ a d\bt ov] ! noble/ ( its tru?s40 ,we dismiss ?is topic ) a repetition ( our regret1 t s spl5did a subject 0 n approa*$ 9 a s]5] _s2 t great] respect 0 n %[n by "o ( 8 contempor>ies = "o ( ! mo/ em95t m5 ( ! age2 & t suffici5t "t 0 n tak51 9 ord] to avoid div]s surpris+ macul occurr+ 9 ev5 ! composition1 & c]ta9 ra% & ungu>d$ expressions & speculations4 ,if ,dr ,:ewell may be reg>d$ z 7pace tanti viri67 a sort ( ,/>-,sma%]1 8 oppon5t is 9 v tru? a ,/>-,peopl]4 ,?\gh he admits t 8!re are "s difficulties to be remov$1 & "s additional analogies to be adduc$1 be=e ! m9d c admit ! />tl+ proposition#da t ! ,sun1 ,moon1 & all ! satellites1 are inhabit$ sph]es0--yet he believes t !y are3#db t all ! planets ( _! respective sy/ems are s2 z well z all ! s+le />s1 d\ble />s1 & nebul1 ) all planets & satellites circl+ ab\t !m6--?\gh 8our falt]+ reason utt]ly fails u60 he owns1#dc 8:5 call$ on to believe t ev5 ! ,nebul mu/ be surr5d]$ to life & reason6 ,:]ev] !re is matt] !re mu/ be life60 ,"o c by ?is "t almo/ p>don ! excitem5t1 ! al>m r1 & ang]1 ) :i* ,sir ,david ruefully beheld ,dr ,:ewell g =? on 8 ext]m9at+ exp$ition ?r\gh ,inf9itude6 ,x 0 l a fa!r gaz+ on ! ru?less slaught] ( 8 (fspr+4 ,planet aft] planet1 satellite aft] satellite1 /> aft] />1 sun aft] sun1 s+le suns & d\ble suns1 sy/em aft] sy/em1 nebula aft] nebula1 all disappe>$ be=e ?is sid]eal ,quixote6 ,z = ,jupit] & ,saturn1 ! pet planets ( ,sir ,david1 !y 7 dealt ) 9 a way p]fectly %ock+4 ,! =m] turn$ out1 to ! disord]$ optics & un/eady bra9 ( ! ,essayi/1 to be a sph]e ( wat]1 ) p]haps a few c9d]s at ! c5tre1 & peopl$ 8) c>tilag9\s & glut9\s mon/]s--boneless1 wat]y1 pulpy creatures1 float+ 9 ! fluid20 :ile poor ,saturn may be suppos$ turn+ agha/ on he>+ t1 = all 8 gr& appe>ance1 he 0 little else ?an a sph]e ( vap\r1 ) a little wat]1 t5ant$1 if at all1 by 8aque\s1 gelat9\s creatures--too sluggi% almo/ to be deem$ alive--float+ 9 _! ice-cold wat]s1 %r[d$ = ev] by _! humid skies60 ,b talk aft] ?is ( ! p5sive ,moon6 8,%e is a m]e c9d]6 a collection ( %eets ( rigid slag1 & inactive crat]s60 ,?is c\ld be borne no long]2 s ?us ,sir ,david p\rs =? ! grief & indignation ( ! ,s\l ,a/ronomic1 9 a passage fraught ) ! _s1 & embody+ ! results1 ( 8 :ole book1 & :i* we give1 z evid5tly lab\r$ by ! au?or ) peculi> c>e4 8,^? ung5ial m9ds t c be br\ght to believe t ! e>? is ! only inhabit$ body 9 ! univ]se1 w h no difficulty 9 conceiv+ t x also might h be5 )\t inhabitants4 ,nay1 if su* m9ds are imbu$ ) geological tru?1 !y mu/ admit t = millions ( ye>s ! e>? 0 )\t inhabitants2 & h5ce we are l$ to ! extraord9>y result1 t = millions ( ye>s !re 0 n an intellig5t creature 9 ! va/ dom9ions ( ! univ]sal ,k+2 & t be=e ! =mation ( ! protozoic /rata1 !re 0 nei!r a plant nor an animal ?r\gh\t ! inf9ity ( space6 ,dur+ ?is long p]iod ( univ]sal dea?1 :5 ,nature h]self 0 asleep--! sun1 ) 8 magnific5t att5dants--! planets1 ) _! fai?ful satellites--! />s 9 ! b9>y sy/ems--! sol> sy/em itself1 7 p]=m+ _! daily1 _! annual1 & _! secul> movem5ts unse51 unhe$$1 & fulfill+ no purpose t human reason c conceive2 lamps light+ no?+--fires heat+ no?+--wat]s qu5*+ no?+--cl\ds scre5+ no?+--breezes fann+ no?+--& ev]y?+ ar\nd1 m\nta9 & valley1 hill & dale1 e>? & ocean1 all mean+ no?+4 #8,! />s ,did w&] d>kl+ 9 ! et]nal space4' ,to our appreh5sion1 su* a condition ( ! e>?1 ( ! sol> sy/em1 & ( ! sid]eal univ]se1 w\ld be ! same z t ( our own globe if all its vessels ( w> & ( comm]ce 7 trav]s+ its seas ) empty cab9s & freightless holds2 z if all ! railways on its surface 7 9 full activity )\t pass5g]s & goods2 & all our ma*9]y beat+ ! air & gna%+ _! iron tee? )\t "w p]=m$4 ,a h\se )\t t5ants1 a city )\t citiz5s1 pres5t to our m9ds ! same idea z a planet )\t life1 & a univ]se )\t inhabitants4 ,:y ! h\se 0 built1 :y ! city 0 f\nd$1 :y ! planet 0 made1 & :y ! univ]se 0 creat$1 x w\ld be difficult ev5 to conjecture4 ,equally great w\ld be ! difficulty 7 ! planets %apeless lumps ( matt]1 pois$ 9 e!r1 & /ill & motionless z ! grave4 ,b :5 we consid] !m z *isell$ sph]es1 & teem+ ) inorganic beauty1 & 9 full me*anical activity1 p]=m+ _! appo9t$ motions ) su* miracul\s precision t _! days & _! ye>s nev] err a second ( "t 9 hundr$s ( c5turies1 ! difficulty ( believ+ !m to be )\t life is1 if possible1 immeasurably increas$4 ,to conceive any "o mat]ial globe1 :e!r a gigantic clod slumb]+ 9 space1 or a noble planet equipp$ l our own1 & duly p]=m+ its appo9t$ task1 to h no liv+ occupants1 or n 9 a /ate ( prep>ation to receive !m1 seems to u "o ( ^? notions :i* c\ld be h>b\r$ only 9 an ill-educat$ & ill-regulat$ m9d--a m9d )\t fai? & )\t hope3 b to conceive a :ole univ]se ( mov+ & revolv+ worlds 9 su* a category1 indicates1 9 our appreh5sion1 a m9d dead to feel+ & %orn ( reason40#dd 8,x is d\btless possible10 obs]ves ,sir ,david1 h[ev]1 a little fur!r on1#de z if ) a tw+e ( misgiv+1 8t ! ,mighty ,ar*itect ( ! univ]se may h _h o!r objects 9 view1 incompreh5sible by u1 ?an t ( support+ animal & vegetable life 9 ^! magnific5t sph]es40 ,w\ld t ,sir ,david ,brew/] w\ld all[ himself to be l>gely influ5c$ by ?is rational & dev\t s5tim5t6 ,8 book is1 on ! contr>y1 cramm$ ) ass]tions f beg9n+ to end1 & ( a p]emptory & intol]ant "* unkn[n to ! _s ( g5u9e philosophy4 ,! ,essayi/1 h[ev]1 is n incapable ( quiet hum\r3 & ! foll[+ pregnant passage is at lea/ wor?y to /& side by side ) t :i* we h j quot$ f 8 indignant & eloqu5t oppon5t3-- 8,und\bt$ly1 all true a/ronom]s1 taught caution & temp]ance ( ?\ght by ! discipl9e ( _! magnific5t sci5ce1 ab/a9 f f\nd+ su* assumptions ^u _! discov]ies4 ,!y "k h[ necess>y x is to be ^u _! gu>d aga9/ ! tricks :i* fancy plays ) ! s5ses2 & if !y see appe>ances ( :i* !y _c int]pret ! mean+1 !y are cont5t t !y %\ld h no mean+ = !m1 till ! due explanation comes4 ,we h innum]able examples ( ?is wise & cauti\s temp] 9 all p]iods ( a/ronomy4 ,"o has occurr$ lately4 ,sev]al c>eful a/ronom]s1 obs]v+ ! />s by day1 _h be5 surpris$ to see globes ( light glide across ! field ( view ( _! telescopes1 (t5 9 rapid succession1 & 9 great numb]s4 ,!y did n1 z may be suppos$1 ru% to ! assumption t ^! globes 7 cele/ial bodies ( a new k9d1 be=e unse51 & t1 f ! peculi>ity ( _! appe>ance & movem5t1 !y 7 probably inhabit$ by be+s ( a peculi> k9d4 ,!y proce$$ diff]5tly4 ,!y alt]$ ! focus ( _! telescopes1 look$ ) o!r glasses1 made v>i\s *anges & trials2 & f9ally discov]$ t ^! globes ( light 7 ! w+$ se$s ( c]ta9 plants1 :i* 7 waft$ ?r\gh ! air1 & :i*1 illum9at$ by ! sun1 7 made globul> by be+ at di/ances unsuit$ to ! focus ( ! telescopes60#df ,be=e proce$+ to give our read]s "s idea ( ! mode 9 :i* ,sir ,david ,brew/] enc\nt]s ,dr ,:ewell1 let u (f] a g5]al obs]vation conc]n+ bo? ^! em95t g5tlem54 ,:ile ! latt] exhibits ?r\gh\t 8 ,essay a _s ( c&\r & mode/y1 )\t "o h>% expression or un*>itable ins9uation ) ref]5ce to ! hold] ( doctr9es :i* he is b5t ^u impugn+ ) all 8 m5tal p[] & multif>i\s res\rces2 ! =m]1 z we h se51 uses language at once heat$1 unc\rte\s1 & unju/ifiable3 especially :]e he m ?an ins9uates t 8 oppon5t1 ^: great k & ability he admits1 ei!r delib]ately c\nt5ances doctr9es t5d+ really to ,a!ism1 or may be believ$ 8ignorant ( _! t5d5cy1 & to h =gott5 ! tru?s ( ,inspiration1 & ev5 ^? ( ,natural ,religion40#dg ,to v5ture1 h[ev] circuit\sly1 to h9t su* imputations ^u an oppon5t :om he _h ! slighte/ reason to suspect be+ "o ( su* high & responsible academic position1 is an (f5ce equally aga9/ p]sonal c\rtesy & public propriety2 z we ?9k ,sir ,david ,brew/] w\ld1 on reflection1 ackn[l$ge4 ,bo? ,dr ,:ewell & ,sir ,david ,brew/] mu/ excuse u1 if1 scann+ bo? ?r\gh ! cold m$ium ( imp>tial criticism1 _! speculations1 que/ions1 or ass]tions appe> to u di/urb$ & deflect$ by a lead+ prepossession or =egone conclusion1 :i* we %all indicate 9 ! words ( ea*4 ,dr ,,:ewell4--8,! ,e>? is really ! l>ge/ ,planet>y body 9 ! ,sol> sy/em2 its dome/ic he>?1 & ! ,only ,_w i4 e4 collection ( intellig5t creatures 9 ! ,univ]se40#dh ,sir ,,david ,,brew/]4--8,life is almo/ a prop]ty ( matt]4444 ,:]ev] !re is ,matt]1 !re mu/ be ,life3--,life physical1 to enjoy its beauties2 ,life ,moral1 to wor%ip its ,mak]2 & ,life ,intellectual1 to proclaim ,8 wisdom & ,8 p[]4444 ,univ]sal ,life ^u ,univ]sal matt]1 is an idea to :i* ! m9d in/9ctively cl+s4444 ,e /> 9 ! ,heav5s1 & e po9t 9 a nebula :i* ! mo/ p[]ful telescope has n sep>at$ f its neighb\r1 is a sun surr\nd$ by inhabit$ planets l our own4444 ,9 peopl+ su* worlds ) life & intellig5ce1 we assign ! cause ( _! exi/5ce2 & :5 ! m9d is once alive to ?is great ,tru?1 x _c fail to realise ! gr& comb9ation ( inf9ity ( life ) inf9ity ( matt]40#di ,! composition ( ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 ?\gh occasionally too declamatory & rhetorical1 & s f> lack+ ! dignifi$ simplicity befitt+ ! subjects ) :i* he deals1 has mu* m]it4 ,x is easy1 vivid1 & vigor\s1 b w be> retr5*m5t1 & l[]+ ( tone4 ,z to ! sub/antial texture ( 8 "w1 we ?9k x betrays1 9 almo/ e page1 ha/e & impetuosity1 & evid5ce t ! writ] has sadly "u-e/imat$ ! /r5g? ( 8 oppon5t4 ,ano!r feature ( ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 is a manife/ desire provoc>e ad populum--a great] anxiety1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to cat* ! e> ( ! million1 ?an to conv9ce ! 8fit audi5ce1 ?\gh few40 ,n[1 h[ev]1 to 8 "w2 &1 z we h already said1 on him lies ! lab\r+ o> ( pro(4 ,all t 8 oppon5t pr(esses to d1 is to ask = argum5ts 8r5d]+ probable0 t 8doctr9e0 :i* ,sir ,david pl$ges himself to demon/rate to be n only ! 8hope0 ( ! ,*ri/ian1 b ! cre$ ( ! philosoph]3 z mu*1 t is1 an article ( 8 belief1 z ! doctr9es ( attraction & gravitation1 or ! exi/5ce ( demon/rable a/ronomical facts4 ,he comm5ces ) a brief introduction1 sket*+ ! gr[? ( ! belief 9 a plurality ( worlds--"o /eadily & firmly increas+ 9 /r5g?1 till x enc\nt]$ ! rude %ock ( ! ,essayi/1 ^: 8v rem>kable "w0 is 8ably writt510 & :o 8def5ds +5i\sly 8 novel & extraord9>y views30 8! direct t5d5cy ( :i* is to ridicule & br+ into contempt ! gr& discov]ies 9 sid]eal a/ronomy by :i* ! la/ c5tury has be5 di/+ui%$40 ,9 8 next *apt]1 ,sir ,david discusses 8! religi\s aspect ( ! "q10 repres5t+ man1 especially ! philosoph]1 z always hav+ p9$ aft] a k ( ! sc5e ( 8 future be+4 ,he decl>es t nei!r ! ,old nor ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9s 8a s+le expression incompatible ) ! great tru? t !re are o!r worlds ?an our own :i* are ! seats ( life & intellig5ce20 b1 on ! contr>y1 !re are 8o!r passages :i* are inexplicable )\t admitt+ x to be true40 ,he reg>ds1 z we h se51 ! noble exclamation ( ! ,psalmi/1 8,:at is man10 z 8a positive argum5t = a plurality ( worlds20 & 8_c d\bt0 t he 0 gift$ ) a pl5>y k ( ! />ry sy/em1 inhabit$ z ,sir ,david w\ld h x to be6 ,dr ,*alm]s1 let u rem>k1 9 pass+1 express$ himself diff]5tly1 & ) a m becom+ res]ve3 8,x is n = u to say :e!r inspiration reveal$ to ! ,psalmi/ ! wond]s ( ! mod]n a/ronomy10 b 8ev5 ?\gh ! m9d be a p]fect /rang] to ! sci5ce ( ^! enlight5$ times1 ! heav5s pres5t a great & an elevat+ spectacle1 ! contemplation ( :i* awak5$ ! piety ( ! ,psalmi/0--a view 9 :i* ,dr ,:ewell concurs4 ,sir ,david !n comes to consid] ! doctr9e ( 8,man1 9 8 future /ate ( exi/5ce1 consi/+1 z at pres5t1 ( a spiritual nature resid+ 9 a corporeal frame40 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 f9d = ! race ( ,adam1 8if n = ! races :i* prec$$ him60#ej 8a mat]ial home ^u :i* he may reside1 or f :i* he may travel to o!r localities 9 ! univ]se40 ,t h\se1 he says1 _c be ! e>?1 = x w n be big en\gh--!re w be su* a 8population z ! habitable p>ts ( our globe c\ld n possibly accommodate20 :]e=e1 8we c sc>cely d\bt t _! future abode mu/ be on "s ( ! prim>y or second>y planets ( ! sol> sy/em1 ^: inhabitants h ceas$ to exi/1 l ^? on ! e>?2 or on planets :i* h long be5 9 a /ate ( prep>ation1 z our e>? 01 = ! adv5t ( intellectual life40 ,"h1 !n1 is 8! cre$ ( ! philosoph]10 z well z 8! hope ( ! ,*ri/ian40 ,pass+1 accord+ to ! ord] adopt$ 9 ?is pap]1 f ! fir/ *apt] 78,religi\s ,aspect ( ! ,"q071 we alight on ! sev5?1 entitl$ 8,religi\s ,difficulties40 ,we ent]ta9 too mu* consid]ation = ,sir ,david ,brew/] to speak h>%ly ( any?+ fall+ f 8 p52 b we ?9k ourselves ju/ifi$ 9 que/ion+ :e!r ?is *apt]--deal+ ) speculations ( an awful nature1 among :i* ! greate/ religi\s & philosophical intellects tremble z !y 8g s\nd+ on _! dim & p]il\s way0--%[s him equal to cope ) 8 exp]i5c$ oppon5t1 :om e page devot$ to su* topics %[s to h fix$ ! ,,difficulty ) :i* he propos$ to deal1 fully & /eadily be=e 8 eyes1 9 all its moral1 metaphysical1 & philosophical be>+s1 & to h discuss$ x cauti\sly & rev]5tly4 ,we %all cont5t ourselves ) briefly indicat+ ! c\rse ( obs]vation on t 8difficulty0 adopt$ by ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 & leav+ x to ! discreet read] to =m 8 own judgm5t :e!r ,sir ,david has left ! difficulty :]e he f\nd x1 or remov$1 less5$1 or enhanc$ x4 ,dr ,:ewell1 9 8 ,dialogue1 ?us temp]ately & effectively deals ) ?is section ( 8 oppon5t's lucubrations3-- 8,8 own solution ( ! "q conc]n+ ! r$emption ( o!r worlds appe>s to be ?is1 t ! provision made = ! r$emption ( man by :at took place ^u e>? eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 may h ext5d$ its influ5ce to o!r worlds4 8,9 reply to :i* a/ronomico-!ological hypo!sis ?ree rem>ks (f] !mselves3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! hypo!sis is entirely )\t w>rant or c\nt5ance 9 ! revelation f :i* all our k ( ! s*eme ( r$emption is d]iv$2 9 ! second place1 ! ev5ts :i* took place ^u e>? eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 7 connect$ ) a tra9 ( ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( man1 :i* _h begun at ! creation ( man1 & ext5d$ ?r\gh all ! int]v5+ ages2 & ! be>+ ( ?is :ole s]ies ( ev5ts ^u ! condition ( ! inhabitants ( o!r worlds mu/ be s diff]5t f its be>+ on ! condition ( man1 t ! hypo!sis ne$s a doz5 o!r auxili>y hypo!ses to make x intelligible2 &1 9 ! ?ird place1 ?is hypo!sis1 mak+ ! e>?1 insignificant z x seems to be 9 ! a/ronomical s*eme1 ! c5tre ( ! !ological s*eme1 ascribes to ! e>? a peculi> di/9ction1 q z mu* at v>iance ) ! analogies ( ! planets to "o ano!r1 z ! supposition t ! e>? alone is inhabit$2 to say no?+ ( ! be>+ ( ! critic's hypo!sis on ! o!r sy/ems t encircle o!r suns40#ea 8,9 freely discuss+ ! subject ( a ,plurality ( ,worlds10 says ,sir ,david1 8!re c be no collision betwe5 ,reason & ,revelation40 ,he regrets ! extravagant conclusion ( "s1 t ! inhabitants ( all planets b our own1 8are s9less & immortal be+s t nev] broke ! ,div9e ,law1 & enjoy+ t p]fect felicity res]v$ = only a few ( ! less fav\r$ occupants ( e>?4 ,?us *a9$ to a planet1 ! l[e/ & mo/ un=tunate 9 ! univ]se1 ! philosoph]1 ) all 8 analogies brok5 d[n1 may ju/ly r5\nce 8 fai? 9 a ,plurality ( ,worlds1 & rejoice 9 ! m limit$ b saf] cre$ ( ! anti-,plurali/ au?or1 :o makes ! e>? ! only _w 9 ! univ]se1 & ! special object ( ,god's pat]nal c>e40#eb ,he proce$s1 9 accordance ) 8m5 ( l(ty m9ds & und\bt$ piety10 to reg>d ! exi/5ce ( moral evil z a necess>y "p ( ! g5]al s*eme ( ! univ]se1 & consequ5tly affect+ all its ,rational ,inhabitants4#ec ,he 8rejects ! idea t ! inhabitants ( ! planets d n require a ,savi\r2 & ma9ta9s ! m rational op9ion1 t !y /& 9 ! same moral relation to _! ,mak] z ! inhabitants ( ! e>?2 & seeks = a solution ( ! difficulty--h[ c !re be inhabitants 9 ! planets1 :5 ,god _h b ,"o ,son1 :om ,he c\ld s5d to save !m8 ,if we c give a satisfactory answ] to ?is "q1 x may de/roy ! objections ( ! ,infidel1 :ile x relieves ! ,*ri/ian f 8 difficulties40#ed444 8,:5 our ,savi\r di$1 ! influ5ce ( ,8 dea? ext5d$ backw>d1 9 ! ,pa/1 to millions :o nev] he>d ,8 "n2 9 ! ,future1 to millions :o nev] w he> x 444 a ,=ce :i* did n v>y ) any function ( ! di/ance4#ee444 ,emanat+ f ! middle planet ( ! sy/em40 ----,! e>? ! middle planet ( ! sy/em8 ,h[ is ?is8 ,9 an e>li] portion ( 8 book 7p4 #ef71 ,sir ,david _h demon/rat$ t 8our e>? is nei!r ! middle 8 own italics planet1 nor ! planet ne>e/ ! sun1 nor ! planet fur!/ f t lum9>y3 t !re=e ! e>?1 z a planet1 has no pre-em95ce 9 ! sol> sy/em1 to induce u to believe t x is ! only inhabit$ _w4444 ,jupit] is ! middle planet 7p4 #ee71 & is o!rwise highly di/+ui%$60 ,h[ is ?is8 ,c ! two passages conta9+ su* direct contradictions h emanat$ f ! same sci5tific controv]siali/8--,to resume1 h[ev]3 --8,emanat+ f ! middle planet ( ! sy/em1 :y may x n h ext5d$ to !m all1 444 to ! ,planet>y ,races 9 ! ,pa/1 & to ! ,planet>y ,races 9 ! ,future8444 ,b to br+ our argum5t m )9 ! rea* ( an ord9>y und]/&+0--he supposes our e>? split into two p>ts6 ! old _w & ! new 7z ,biela's comet is suppos$ to h be5 divid$ 9 #ahdf71 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era6#ef--8w\ld n bo? fragm5ts h %>$ 9 ! b5efic5ce ( ! ,cross--! p5it5t on ! %ores ( ! ,mississippi1 z ri*ly z ! pilgrim on ! banks ( ! ,jordan8444 ,%\ld ?is view prove unsatisfactory to ! anxi\s inquir]1 we may sugge/ ano!r s5tim5t1 ev5 ?\gh we ourselves may n admit x into our cre$4444 ,may n ! ,div9e ,nature1 :i* c nei!r suff]1 nor die1 & :i*1 9 our planet1 once only clo!d itself 9 humanity1 resume else:]e a physical =m1 & expiate ! guilt ( unnumb]$ worlds80#eg ,we repeat1 t we ab/a9 f (f]+ any ( ! /]n /rictures :i* ^! passages almo/ extort f u4 ,he proce$s to decl>e himself incompet5t to compreh5d ! ,difficulty 8put 9 a =m s un9telligible0 by ! ,essayi/--t ( a k9d ( exi/5ce1 simil> to t ( m51 9 respect ( _! intellectual1 moral1 & spiritual "*1 & its progressive developm5t1 exi/+ 9 any region occupi$ by o!r be+s ?an man4 ,he d5ies t ,progression has be5 ! "* ( ! hi/ory ( man1#eh b r frequ5t & va/ retrogressions ev] s9ce ! ,fall2 & asks 8:i* ( ^! ev]-*ang+ conditions ( humanity is ! unique condition ( ! ,essayi/--incapable ( repetition 9 ! s*eme ( ! ,univ]se80#ei ,:y may !re n be an int]m$iate race betwe5 t ( man & ! angelic be+s ( ,scripture1 :]e human reason %all pass into ! highe/ =m ( creat$ m9d1 & human affections into _! noble/ developm5t8-- 8,:y may n ! intellig5ce ( ! sph]es be orda9$ = ! /udy ( regions & objects un/udi$ & unkn[n on e>?8 ,:y may n lab\r h a bett] commission ?an to e>n its bread by ! sweat ( its br[8 ,:y may x n pluck its loaf f ! bread-fruit tree1 or ga!r its manna f ! gr\nd1 or draw its w9e f ! ble$+ vessels ( ! v9e1 or inhale its anodyne brea? f ! p>adise gas ( its atmosph]e80#fj ,& ,sir ,david ?us concludes ! *apt]3-- 8,! difficulties we h be5 consid]+1 9 s f> z !y are ( a religi\s "*1 h be5 v unwisely introduc$ into ! "q ( a ,plurality ( ,worlds4 ,we are n entitl$ to remon/rate ) ! sceptic1 b we v5ture to d\bt ! s\ndness ( t philosoph]'s judgm5t :o ?9ks t ! tru?s ( natural religion are affect$ by a belief 9 planet>y races1 & ! reality ( t ,*ri/ian's fai? :o consid]s x to be endang]$ by a belief t !re are o!r ,worlds ?an 8 own40 ,?is la/ p>agraph induces u to g s f> z to d\bt :e!r ,sir ,david ,brew/] has address$ 8 und]/&+ delib]ately1 to ! subject to :i* s l>ge a portion ( ! mo/ elaborate reason+s ( ,dr ,:ewell h be5 direct$4 ,sir ,david does n qu>rel ) ! ,essayi/'s acc\nt ( ! con/itution ( man2 & we mu/ n[ see h[ he deals ) ! ,essayi/'s argum5ts drawn f ,geology4 ,sir ,david 8is n dispos$ to grudge ! geologi/ ev5 p]iods s m>vell\s0 z 8millions ( ye>s requir$ = ! =mation ( /rata1 provid$ !y be consid]$ z m]ely hypo!tical20 & admits t 8our seas & cont95ts h ne>ly ! same locality1 & cov] ne>ly ! same area1 z !y did at ! creation ( ,adam20 b demurs to ! conclusion t ! e>? 0 prep>$ = man by causes op]at+ s gradually z ! diurnal *ange go+ on ar\nd u4 8,:y may n ! ,almighty h deposit$ ! e>?'s /rata1 dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( its =mation1 by a rapid precipitation ( _! atoms f ! wat]s :i* susp5d$ !m1 s z to r$uce ! p]iod ( ! e>?'s =mation to little m ?an ! unit$ g5]ations ( ! diff]5t ord]s ( plants & animals con/itut+ its organic rema9s8 ,:y n /ill fur!r %ort5 ! p]iod1 by suppos+ t plants & animals1 requir+1 9 our day1 a c5tury = _! developm5t1 may 9 primitive times h %ot up 9 rank luxuriance1 & be5 ready1 9 a few days6 or mon?s6 or ye>s1 = ! great purpose ( exhibit+1 by _! geological di/ribution1 ! progressive =mation ( ! e>?80#fa ,^! que/ions1 ( :i* a myriad simil> ones might be ask$ by any "o1 we leave to our geological read]s2 & ha/5 to in=m !m1 t 9 involunt>y homage to ! p[]ful reason+s ( 8 oppon5t1 ,sir ,david ,brew/] is fa9 to "q ! 8inf]5ce t man did n exi/ dur+ ! p]iod ( ! e>?'s =mation20#fb & to sugge/ t 8!re may h exi/$ intellectual races 9 pres5t unexplor$ cont95tal localities1 or ! imm5se regions ( ! e>? n[ "u wat]60--8,! future ( geology may be pregnant ) />tl+ discov]ies ( ! rema9s ( intellectual races1 ev5 b5ea? ! primitive ,azoic#fc =mations ( ! e>?6444 ,:o c tell :at sleeps beyond8 ,ano!r creation may be b5ea?6 m glori\s creatures may be entomb$ !re6 ! mortal coils ( be+s m lovely1 m pure1 m div9e ?an man1 may yet read to u ! unexpect$ lesson t we h n be5 ! fir/1 & may n be ! la/ ( ! intellectual race60#fd ,is he :o c ent]ta9 & publi% conjectures l ^!1 entitl$ to /igmatise s sev]ely ^? ( o!r speculators--z 8inconceivable absurdities1 :i* no sane m9d c *]i%--suppositions too ridicul\s ev5 = a writ] ( romance60 ,?is wild lic5se giv5 to ! fancy may n be amiss 9 a poet1 ^: privilege x is t 8 8eye 9 a f9e phr5zy roll+0 may 8give to airy no?+ a local habitation1 & a "n30--b :5 set 9 ! scale aga9/ ! solemnly magnific5t array ( facts 9 ! e>?'s hi/ory e/abli%$ by ,geology1 may be summ>ily disc>d$ by sob] & grave inquir]s4 ,! ,essayi/'s sugge/$ analogy betwe5 man's relation to "t & to space appe>s to u n und]/ood1 9 ei!r its scope or nature1 by ,sir ,david ,brew/]4 ,at ?is we are z mu* surpris$1 z at ! r\ghness ) :i* he *>act]ises ! argum5t1 z 8! mo/ +5i\s ?\gh %all[ piece ( sophi/ry he has ev] enc\nt]$ 9 mod]n dialectics40 ,! ,essayi/ sugge/s a comp>ison betwe5 ! numb]s express+ ! f\r magnitudes & di/ances1--( ! e>?1 ! sol> sy/em1 ! fix$ />s1 & ! nebul--& ! numb]s express+ ! antiquity ( ! f\r geological p]iods 8= ! sake ( giv+ def9it5ess to our notions40 ,sir ,david ab/a9s f quot+ ^! la/ expressions1 & alleges t ! ,essayi/1 8quitt+ ! gr\nd ( analogy10 f\nds an elaborate argum5t on ! mutual relation ( an atom ( "t & an atom ( space4 ,! 8argum5t0 ,sir ,david ?us pres5ts to 8 read]s1 ! capital & italic lett]s be+ 8 own3 8,t is1 ! e>?1 ! ,,atom ,,( ,,space1 is ! only "o ( ! planet>y & sid]eal worlds t is inhabit$1 because x 0 s long )\t inhabitants1 & has be5 occupi$ only an ,,atom ,,( ,,"t40#fe 8,if any ( our read]s10 he adds1 8see ! =ce ( ?is argum5t1 !y mu/ possess an acut5ess ( p]ception to :i* we lay no claim4 ,to u1 x is n only illogical2 x is a m]e s\nd 9 ! e>1 )\t any s5se 9 ! bra940 ,?is is ! language possibly befitt+ an irritat$ ,pr(essor t[>ds an ignorant & conceit$ /ud5t1 b h>dly suitable :5 ,sir ,david ,brew/] is speak+ ( su* an antagoni/ z he _c b "k he has to deal )4 ,x does n appe> to u ! ,essayi/'s attempt1 or purpose1 to e/abli% any arbitr>y absolute relation betwe5 "t & space1 or def9ite proportions ( ei!r1 z concurr+ or alt]native elem5ts = det]m9+ ! probability ( a plurality ( worlds4 ,b he says to ! dogmatic a/ronomical objector to ,*ri/ianity1 ,su* argum5ts z y h hi!rto d]iv$ f y\r consid]ation ( ,,space1 ,,multitude1 & ,,magnitude1 = ! purpose ( depress+ man into a be+ b5ea? 8 ,mak]'s special notice1 ,i enc\nt] by argum5ts d]iv$ f rec5t disclosures conc]n+ ano!r condition ( exi/5ce--,,duration1 or ,,"t4 ,prote/+ t nei!r ,"t nor ,space has any true connection ) ! subject1 nev]!less ,i w turn y\r own weapons aga9/ y\rself4 ,my argum5t f ,"t %all at lea/ neutralise y\rs f ,space3 m9e %all involve ! conditions ( y\rs1 fraught ) _! suppos$ irresi/ible =ce1 & falsify !m 9 fact1 z =m+ premises :5ce may be d$uc$ d]ogatory inf]5ces conc]n+ man4 ,! ,essayi/'s +5i\s & sugge/ive argum5t is int5d$ n to prove an op9ion1 b to remove an objection2 :i*1 accord+ to ! pr(\nd ?9k]1 ,bi%op ,butl]1 is ! prop] (fice ( analogy4 ,x is ask$1 = in/ance1 h[ c y suppose t man1 su* z he is repres5t$ to be1 occupies only an immeasurably m9ute fraction ( exi/+ matt]8 & x is answ]$1 ,i f9d t man occupies only an immeasurably m9ute fraction ( elaps$ "t3 & ?is is1 to me1 an answ] to ! 8,h[10 z conclud+ improbability4 ,h[ is balanc$ aga9/ ,h[3 ,difficulty aga9/ difficulty3 !y neutralise ea* o!r1 & leave ! great "q1 ! great reality1 /&+ z x did be=e ei!r 0 sugge/$1 to be dealt ) accord+ to su* evid5ce z ,god has v\*saf$ u4 ,we1 !re=e1 d n see t ! ,essayi/ is driv5 to say1 z ,sir ,david ,brew/] alleges he is1 ei!r t because man has occupi$ only an atom ( space1 he mu/ live only an atom ( "t on ! e>?2#ff or t because he has liv$ only an atom ( "t1 he mu/ occupy b an atom ( space4 ,9 dismiss+ ?is lead+ portion ( ! ,essayi/'s reason+s1 we %all say only t we consid] x wor?y ( ! att5tion ( all p]sons occupi$ 9 speculations ( ?is nature1 z calculat$ to sugge/ tra9s ( novel1 pr(itable1 & deeply int]e/+ reflection4 ,?us f> ! ,essayi/1 z foll[$ by 8 oppon5t1 on ! assumption t ! o!r bodies ( ! univ]se are fitt$1 equally ) ! e>?1 to be ! abodes ( life4 ,b are !y8 ,"h we are br\ght to ! la/ /age ( ! ,essayi/'s speculations--,:at physical ,,evid5ce h we t ! o!r bodies ( ! ,sol> ,sy/em1 besides ! ,e>?1 ! ,fix$ ,/>s1 & ! ,nebul1 are /ructures capable ( support+ human life1 ( be+ inhabit$ by ,rational & ,moral ,be+s8 ,! great "q1 9 its physical aspect1 is n[ fully be=e u3 ,is !re t analogy on :i* ! plurali/ relies8 ,= ! exi/5ce ( ,life sev]al conditions mu/ concur2 & any ( ^! fail+1 life1 s f> z we "k any?+ ab\t x1 is impossible4 ,n air1 only1 & moi/ure1 b a c]ta9 temp]ature1 nei!r too hot nor too cold1 & a c]ta9 consi/5ce1 on :i* ! liv+ frame c re/4 ,)\t ! o!r conditions1 an atmosph]e alone does n make life possible2 /ill less1 prove its exi/5ce4 ,a globe ( r$-hot metal1 or ( solid ice1 h[ev] well provid$ ) an atmosph]e1 c\ld n be inhabit$1 s f> z we c conceive4 ,! old maxim ( ! logicians is true3 t x requires all ! conditions to e/abli% ! affirmative1 b t ! negative ( any "o proves ! negative4 ,fir/1 z to ! smalle/ t5ants ( our sy/em1 ! ?irty#fg planetoids1 "s ( :i* are c]ta9ly no l>g] ?an ,mont ,blanc4 ,sir ,david ,brew/] d>e n v5ture to sugge/ t !y are inhabit$1 or 9 any condition to become s1 any m ?an meteoric /ones1 :i* mod]n sci5ce reg>ds z masses ( matt]1 mov+1 l ! planets1 9 ! cele/ial spaces1 subject to ! gravitat+ attraction ( ! ,sun2 ! ,e>? enc\nt]+ !m occasionally1 ei!r /rik+ directly ^u !m1 or approa*+ to !m s closely t !y are drawn by ! t]re/rial attraction1 fir/ )9 ! atmosph]e1 & aft]w>ds to ! e>?'s surface4#fh ,"h our ,essayi/ gives a ?ru/ at 8 ,plurali/ oppon5t n to be p>ri$1 ask+ him :y he %runk f ass]t+ ! planetoids & meteoric /ones to be inhabit$8 ,if x be because ( _! be+ f\nd to be un9habit$1 or ( _! smallness1 !n 8! argum5t t !y are inhabit$ because !y are planets fails him40#fi 8,!re is1 !n10 says else:]e ! w>y ,essayi/1#gj 8a degree ( smallness :i* makes y reject ! supposition ( inhabitants4 ,b :]e does t degree ( smallness beg98 ,! surface ( ,m>s is only "o-f\r? t ( ! ,e>?4 ,moreov]1 if y all[ all ! planetoids to be un9habit$1 ^? planets :i* y ackn[l$ge to be probably un9habit$ f> outnumb] ^? ) reg>d to :i* ev5 ! mo/ resolute ,plurali/ holds to be inhabit$4 ,! majority swells e ye>2 ! planetoids are n[ ?irty4 ,! fact ( a planet be+ inhabit$1 !n1 is1 at any rate1 r ! exception ?an ! rule2 & !re=e mu/ be prov$1 9 ea* case1 by special evid5ce4 ,( su* evid5ce ,i "k n a trace60 ,we may add1 also1 t ,dr ,l>dn]1 v\*$ by ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 z we %all soon see1 to be a ?or\ghly compet5t witness1 gives up ! planetoids z seats ( habitation = animal life4#ga ,let u n[1 w\ld say our ,essayi/1 proce$ on our negative t\r1 s to speak1 & ha/5 to pay our respects to ! ,moon1 our ne>e/ neighb\r1 & ^: di/ance f ! ,sun is admitt$ to adapt h]1 s f>1 = habitation4#gb ,if x appe>1 by /rong evid5ce1 t ! ,moon is n inhabit$1 !n !re is an end ( ! g5]al pr9ciple1 t all ! bodies ( ! sol> sy/em are inhabit$1 & t we mu/ beg9 our speculation ab\t ea* ) ?is assumption4 ,if ! ,moon be n inhabit$1 !n1 x w\ld seem1 ! belief t ea* special body 9 ! sy/em is inhabit$1 mu/ dep5d ^u reasons specially belong+ to t body1 & _c be tak5 = grant$ )\t ^! reasons4#gc ,n[1 z to ! ,moon1 we h latt]ly acquir$ ! means ( mak+ su* exact & m9ute inquiries1 t at ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,hull la/ ye>1 ,mr ,phillips1 an em95t geologi/1 /at$ t a/ronom]s c disc]n ! %ape ( a spot on ! ,moon's surface1 only a few hundr$ feet 9 bread?4 ,pass+ by1 h[ev]1 ! ,essayi/'s brief b able acc\nt ( ! physical condition ( ?is satellite ( ours1 we w cite ! rec5t te/imony ( "o accr$it$ by ,sir ,david ,brew/]#gd z 8a ma!matician & a natural philosoph]1 :o has /udi$1 m ?an any prec$+ writ]1 ! analogies betwe5 ! ,e>? & ! o!r planets0--,dr ,l>dn]1 :o1 9 ! ?ird volume 7publi%$ s9ce our la/ ,numb] appe>$7 ( ! "w plac$ at ! head ( ?is article1 ?us concludes 8 elaborate acc\nt ( ! ,moon1 z n[ reg>d$ by ! mo/ enlight5$ a/ronom]s--aft] prov+ x to be 8z exempt f an atmosph]e z is ! utt]ly exhau/$ receiv] ( a good air-pump60 8,9 f9e1 ! entire geographical "* ( ! moon1 ?us asc]ta9$ by long-cont9u$ & exact telescopic surveys1 leads to ! conclusion1 t no analogy exi/s betwe5 x & ! e>? :i* c\ld conf] any probability on ! conjecture t x fulfils ! same purposes 9 ! economy ( ! univ]se2 & we mu/ inf]1 t :atev] be its uses 9 ! sol> sy/em1 or 9 ! g5]al purposes ( creation1 x is n a _w inhabit$ by organis$ races su* z ^? to :i* ! e>? is appropriat$40#ge ,we mu/ leave ,sir ,david & ,dr ,l>dn] to settle _! small am\nt ( diff]5ces toge!r2 = ,sir ,david w h x t 8! moon exhibits su* pro(s ( an atmosph]e t we h a new gr\nd f analogy = believ+ t %e ei!r has1 or is 9 a /ate ( prep>ation = receiv+1 inhabitants20#gf :om1 8) monum5ts ( _! h&s10 he 8hopes may be discov]$ ) "s magnific5t telescope :i* may be con/ruct$60#gg ,& he is compell$ to believe t 8all ! o!r unse5 satellites ( ! sol> sy/em are homes to animal & intellectual life40#gh ,! ,essayi/ w\ld seem n to h deem$ x necess>y to deprive ! sun ( inhabitants2 b our confid5t ,plurali/ w n surr5d] ! /up5d\s body s easily4 ,8 fri5d ,dr ,l>dn] prop]ly reg>ds x 8z a va/ globul> furnace1 ! heat emitt$ f ea* squ>e foot ( :i* is sev5 times great] ?an ! heat issu+ f a squ>e foot ( ! fi]ce/ bla/-furnace3 to :at ag5cy ! light & heat are due1 no "o c d m ?an conjecture4 ,accord+ to our hypo!sis1 x is a great ,,electric ,,light 9 ! c5tre ( ! sy/em20#gi & 8entirely remov$ f all analogy ) ! e>?0--8utt]ly unsuit$ = ! habitation ( organis$ tribes40#hj ,nev]!less ,sir ,david believes t 8! sun is ri*ly /or$ ) inhabitants0--! probability 8be+ d\btless greatly increas$ by ! simple consid]ation ( its enorm\s size0--a 8doma9 s ext5sive1 s bless$ ) p]petual light20 b x w\ld seem t 8if x be inhabit$10 x is probably 8occupi$ by ! highe/ ord]s ( intellig5ce60#ha :o1 h[ev]1 are all[$ to enjoy _! picturesque1 &1 x mu/ be own$1 some:at peculi>1 b d\btless bless$ position1 only by peep+ e n[ & !n ?r\gh ! sun's spots1 & s 8see+ di/9ctly ! planets & />s0--9 fact1 8l>ge portions ( ! heav5s60#hb ,p]haps x may be ?\ght t ?is is n a v h&some way ( deal+ ) su* exalt$ be+s6 ,! ,essayi/ has n[ our sev5 pr9cipal si/]-planets to deal )--! two infra-t]re/rial1 ,m]cury & ,v5us1 & ! five extra-t]re/rial--,m>s1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 ,uranus1 & ,neptune2--& z to all ^!1 ! "q cont9ues1 d !y s resemble ! e>? 9 physical conditions1 z to lead u safely to ! conclusion t !y resemble x 9 t o!r capital p>ticul>1 ( be+ ! habitations ( intellectual & moral be+s8 ,"h1 be x obs]v$1 t e symptom ( unlik5ess :i* ! ,essayi/ c detect1 greatly augm5ts ! bur!n ( pro( incumb5t ^u 8 oppon5ts4 ,:5 x 0 discov]$ t ! old planets 9 c]ta9 important p>ticul>s resembl$ ! e>?1 be+ opaque & solid bodies1 hav+ simil> motions r\nd ! sun & on _! own axis1 "s accompani$ by satellites1 & all hav+ arrangem5ts produc+ day & night1 summ] & w9t]1 :o c\ld help wond]+ :e!r !y mu/ n also h inhabitants1 reckon+ & regulat+ _! lives & employm5ts by days1 mon?s1 & ye>s8 ,?is 01 at mo/1 h[ev]1 a m]e guess or conjecture2 & :e!r x is n[ m probable ?an !n1 dep5ds on ! int]v5+ progress ( a/ronomy & sci5ce 9 g5]al4 ,h subsequ5t discov]ies /r5g!n$ or impugn$ ! validity ( ! conjecture8 ,! limits ( our sy/em h be5 s9ce va/ly ext5d$ by ! discov]y ( ,uranus & ,neptune2 & ! planet>y si/]hood has also increas$ 9 numb] by ?irty little & v ecc5tric ones4 ,n[1 z to ,,neptune1 says ! ,essayi/1 9 sub/ance1 :at reason has a s5sible p]son = believ+ x peopl$1 z ! e>? is1 by human be+s--i4 e4 consi/+ ( body & s\l8 ,he is ?irty times fur!r ?an we are f ! sun1 :i* w appe> to x a m]e />--ab\t ! size ( ,jupit] to u2 & ,neptune's light & heat w be n9e hundr$ times less ?an ours6#hc ,if x1 nev]!less1 conta9 animal & intellectual life1 we mu/ try to conceive h[ !y get on ) su* a modicum ( ^? useful elem5ts6 ,b h we g5]al gr\nds = assum+ all ! planet>y bodies inhabit$8 ,beg9n+ ) ! moon1 we h enc\nt]$ a decid$ negative4 ,if any planet1 h[ev]1 h suffici5t light1 heat1 cl\ds1 w9ds1 & a due adju/m5t ( gravity1 & ! /r5g? ( ! mat]ials ( :i* organisation consi/1 !re may be life ( "s sort or o!r4 ,n[ we c measure & weigh ! planets1 exactly1 by ! law ( gravitation1 :i* embraces e p>ticle ( matt] 9 our sy/em1 & f9d ! mass ( our e>? to be only five times heavi] ?an wat]4 ,comp>+ x ) ,,jupit]--! bulk ( :i* is #acca times great] ?an t ( ! ,e>?--8 d5sity is1 z a :ole1 only a qu>t] ( t ( ! ,e>?--n great] ?an x w\ld be z a sph]e ( wat]2 & he is conjectur$ to be su*1 & ! exi/5ce ( 8 belts to be l9es ( cl\ds1 f$ ) vap\rs rais$ by ! sun's action on su* a wat]y sph]e--! l9es ( su* cl\ds be+ ( s /eady & det]m9$ a "*1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 great rotatory velocity4 ,equal bulk = equal bulk1 he is light] ?an ! ,e>?1 b ( c\rse mu* heavi] altoge!r2 & z he is five times ! ,e>?'s di/ance f ! ,sun1 he mu/ get a proportionally small] am\nt ( light & heat1 & ev5 t dim9i%$ by ! cl\ds envelop+ him to s great an ext5t4 ,:at a l[ degree ( vitality1 & :at k9d ( organisation mu/ animal exi/5ce possess1 to suit su* physical conditions1 especially ) ref]5ce to gravity1 :i*1 at 8 surface1 is ne>ly two & a half times t on ! ,e>?6 ,boneless1 wat]y1 pulpy inhabitants ( ! cold wat]s2 or !y may be froz5 s f> z to exclude ! idea ( animal exi/5ce2 or x may be re/rict$ to %all[ p>ts 9 a planet ( ice4#hd ,b if ?is be s1 to :at end 8 gorge\s array ( satellites8--8 f\r moons8 8,precisely ! same10 answ]s our p]t9aci\s ,essayi/1 8z ! use ( our moon dur+ ! c\ntless ages be=e man 0 plac$ on ! e>?2 :ile x 0 t5ant$ by corals1 madrepores1 %ell-fi%1 belemnites1 ! c>tilag9\s fi%es ( ! old r$ s&/one1 or ! ,saurian mon/]s ( ! lias4 ,) ^! diff]5ces1 x is ask$1 :at becomes ( analogy--( resemblances ju/ify+ our belief t ,jupit] is inhabit$ l ourselves80 ,to ?is answ]s ,sir ,david ,brew/]--,jupit]'s great size 8is alone a pro( t x mu/ h be5 made = "s gr& & useful purpose30 x is flatt5$ at its poles2 revolves on its axis 9 ne>ly t5 h\rs2 has diff]5t climates & seasons2 & is abundantly illum9at$1 9 ! %ort abs5ce ( ! sun1 by its f\r moons1 giv+ him1 9 fact1 8p]petual moonlight40 ,:y does ! sun give x days1 nights1 & ye>s8 ,:y d its moons irradiate its cont95ts & seas8 ,its equatorial breezes bl[ p]petually ov] its pla9s8 ,to :at purpose c\ld su* a gigantic _w h be5 fram$1 unless to supply ! wants1 & m9i/] to ! happ9ess1 ( liv+ be+s8 ,/ill1 x is admitt$1#he 8t c]ta9 objections or difficulties naturally pres5t !mselves40 ,! di/ance ( ,jupit] f ! sun precludes ! possibility ( suffici5t light & heat f t qu>t]1 to support ei!r su* vegetable or animal life z exi/s on ! e>?2 ! cold mu/ be v int5se--its riv]s & seas mu/ be tracks & fields ( ice4#hf ,b x may be answ]$1 t ! temp]ature ( a planet dep5ds on o!r causes--! condition ( its atmosph]e1 & ! int]nal heat ( its mass--z is ! case ) our e>?2 & su* 8may0 be ! case 9 ,jupit]2 &1 8if0 s1 may secure a temp]ature suffici5tly g5ial to su/a9 su* animal & vegetable life z ours2 yet1 x is own$1 x _c 8increase ! feeble light :i* ,jupit] d]ives f ! sun2 b an enl>gem5t ( ! pupil ( ! eye1 & increas$ s5sibility ( ! ret9a1 w\ld make ! sun's light z brilliant to ,jovians z to u40#hg ,besides1 a brilliant phosphoresc5t light 8may0 be excit$ 9 ! satellites by ! sun's rays4 ,aga91 ! day ( t5 h\rs may be ?\ght insuffici5t = physical repose2 b1 x is answ]$1 five h\rs' repose are suffici5t = five ( lab\r4 8,a difficulty ( a m s]i\s k9d1#hh h[ev]1 is pres5t$ by ! great =ce ( gravity on s gigantic a planet z ,jupit]20 b ,sir ,david gives u curi\s calculations to %[ t a ,jovian's weight w\ld be only d\ble t ( a man on ! e>?4 ,/ruck by su* a =midable array ( diff]5ces1 :5 he 0 9 que/ ( resemblances only1 8,alike1 b1 oh6 h[ diff]5t60 ,sir ,david rebukes ! sceptic = =m+ s l[ an op9ion ( ,omnipot5t ,wisdom1 z to assume t 8! inhabitants ( ! planets mu/ be ei!r m51 or any?+ resembl+ !m2--is x10 he asks1 8necess>y t an immortal s\l %\ld be hung ^u a skeleton ( bone1 or imprison$ 9 a cage ( c>tilage & sk98 ,mu/ x see ) two eyes1 & he> ) two e>s1 & t\* ) t5 f+]s1 & re/ on a duality ( limbs8 ,may x n re/ 9 a ,polyphemus ) "o eyeball1 or 9 an ,argus ) a hundr$8 ,may x n reign 9 ! giant =ms ( ! ,titans1 & direct ! hundr$ h&s ( ,bri>eus8#hi ,! be+ ( ano!r _w may h 8 home 9 subt]ranean cities1 w>m$ by c5tral fires2 or 9 cry/al caves1 cool$ by ocean tides2 or he may float ) ! ,n]eids ^u ! deep2 or m\nt ^u w+s z eagles2 or rise ^u ! p9ions ( ! dove1 t he may flee away1 & be at re/60#ij ,let u pause at ?is po9t1 & see h[ ! "q /&s on ! %[+ ( ! respectively imag9ative & matt]-(-fact disputants !mselves4 ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 be+ b\nd to %[ t analogy =ces u to believe ,jupit] inhabit$1 is compell$ to admit a s]ies ( signal discrepancies 9 physical condition2 expect+ 8 oppon5t1 9 turn1 to admit su* a s]ies ( ess5tial alt]ations1 bo? ( in]t matt] & organisation1 z w admit ( :at8--totally diff]5t modes ( animal & intellectual exi/5ce--s diff]5t1 z to drive a philosoph] into ! fanta/ic dreams 9 :i* we h j se5 him indulg+4 ,n s ! ,essayi/1 a ma/] ( ! ,inductive ,philosophy4 ,he does n presume impi\sly to limit ,omnipot5ce2 b rev]5tly owns ,8 p[] to create :atev] =ms & conditions ( exi/5ce ,he pleases4 ,b :5 x is ass]t$ t ,he has1 9 fact1 made be+s :olly diff]5t f any t we see1 8he _c believe ?is )\t fur!r evid5ce40#ia ,& on ?is v subject ( ! imag9>y inhabitants ( ,jupit]1 he says1 aft] read+ :at 8 heat$ & fanciful oppon5t has advanc$1--8,y are h>d10 he makes an objector say1 8on our neighb\rs 9 ,jupit]1 :5 y w n all[ !m to be any?+ bett] ?an #8boneless1 wat]y1 pulpy creatures4'0 ,to :i* he answ]s1 8,i _h no disposition to be h>d on !m :5 ,i ent]$ ^u ^! speculations4 ,i drew1 :at appe>$ to me1 probable conclusions f all ! facts ( ! case4 ,if ! laws ( attraction1 ( light1 ( heat1 & ! l1 be ! same !re z !y are "h1 :i* we believe to be c]ta91 ! laws ( life mu/ also be ! same2 &1 if s1 ,i c draw no o!r conclusions ?an ^? :i* ,i h /at$40#ib ,says ! ,essayi/1 ,i "k t my ,mak] c inve/ ) ! intellect ( a ,newton1 ea* ( 8,! gay motes t p ! sunbeams20 b be=e ,i believe t he has done s1 give me reasonable & adequate evid5ce ( s wond]ful & sublime a fact2 or ,i mu/ believe 9 any k9d ( nons5se t any "o c imag9e4 ,! planet ,jupit] af=ds a fair sample ( ! proc$ure ( ! ,essayi/ & 8 oppon5t1 ) ref]5ce to all ! o!r prim>y planets ( ! ,sol> sy/em4 ,f ,m]cury1 9 r$-hot contiguity to ! ,sun1 to ,neptune1 :i* is at ?irty times ! ,e>?'s di/ance f x1 & f :i* z we h se5 x d]ives only "o n9e-hundr$? "p ( ! light & heat imp>t$ to ourselves by ! ,sun1--,sir ,david ,brew/] w h all inhabit$1 & ! physical condition ( ea* correspond+ly alt]$ to admit ( x3 c5tral heat1 & eyes ! pupils ( :i* are suffici5tly enl>g$1 & ! ret9a's s5sibility suffici5tly increas$1 to admit ( see+ ) n9e hundr$ times less light ?an is requisite = our own organs ( sight6 8,uranus & ,neptune10 concludes ! triumphant ,plurali/#ic--no?+ daunt$ by ! ov]:elm+ evid5ces ( physical diff]5ce ( condition--8are d\btless0--) ! ,sun--8! abodes ( ,life & ,intellig5ce3 ! colossal temples :]e _! ,creator is recognis$ & wor%ipp$--! remote/ wat*-t[]s ( our sy/em1 f :i* 8 works may be bett] /udi$1 & 8 glories m easily descri$60 ,:y1 ) su* ela/ic pr9ciples ( analogy z 81 /op %ort ( peopl+ ! ,meteoric ,/ones ) rational inhabitants8 :om1 & ^: do+s1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,moon1 8"s magnific5t0 in/rum5t1 yet to be con/ruct$1 may discov] to u8 ,?us mu* = ! planets1--be=e quitt+ :i*1 h[ev]1 we may /ate t1 accord+ to ,dr ,l>dn]1 ab\t z /aun* a ,plurali/ z 8 admir] ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 a great] rapidity ( rotation1 & small] int]vals ( light & d>kness1 are among ! *>act]i/ics di/+ui%+ ! gr\p ( major planets f ! t]re/rial gr\p4 ,he also adds t ano!r 8/rik+ di/9ction0 is ! comp>ative lightness ( ! matt] con/itut+ ! =m]4 ,! d5sity ( ,v5us1 ,m>s1 & our e>?1 is ne>ly equal--ab\t ! same z t ( iron/one2 :ile ! d5sity ( ! ?or\ghly-bak$ planet ,m]cury is equal to t ( gold4 8,n[ x appe>s1 on ! contr>y10 he cont9ues1 8t ! d5sity ( ,jupit] v little exce$s t ( wat]2 t ( ,uranus & ,neptune is exactly t ( wat]2 :ile ,saturn is s light1 t x w\ld float 9 wat] l a globe ( p9e wood4444 ,! seas & oceans ( ^! planets mu/ consi/ ( a liquid f> light] ?an wat]4 ,x is comput$ t a liquid on ,jupit]1 :i* w\ld be analog\s to ! t]re/rial oceans1 w\ld be ?ree times light] ?an sulphuric e!r1 ! lighte/ kn[n liquid2 & w\ld be su* t cork w\ld sc>cely float 9 x60#id ,comm5d+ ^! trifl+ discrepancies to ,sir ,david's att5tion1 :ile manufactur+ 8 planet>y inhabitants 9 con=mity ) !m1 %all we n[ foll[ 8 flight beyond ! sol> sy/em1 & get among ! ,fix$ ,/>s8 ,"h we are gaz+ at ! ,dog-,/>6 8,i all[10 says a p5sive objector to ! ,essayi/1#ie 8t if y disprove ! exi/5ce ( inhabitants 9 ! planets ( our sy/em1 ,i %all n feel mu* real int]e/ 9 ! possible inhabitants ( ! ,sirian sy/em4 ,neighb\rhood has its influ5ce ^u our feel+s ( reg>d1--ev5 neighb\rhood on a scale ( millions ( miles60 ,"h our ,plurali/ is q at home1 & evid5tly 9 great fav\r4 ,! />s tw9kle & glitt] ) delight at 8 gleeful approa*1 to elevate !m into moral & intellectual dignity1 & at ! same "t1 p]haps1 select 8"s bright p>ticul>0 "o1 to be h]eaft] di/+ui%$ z ! seat ( 8 own p]sonal exi/5ce2 :5ce he is to sp5d et]nity 9 radiat+ a/ronomical emanations ?r\gh\t inf9itude4 8,!n1 unembodi$1 do? he trace1 ,by /eps ea* planet's heav5ly way8 ,a ,?+ ( ,eyes1 t all survey1 444 ,a ,?\ght ,unse51 yet see+ all60#if ,he /&s 9 ! />ry solitude1 wav+ 8 w&1 & lo6 he peoples ea* gli/5+ speck ) intellectual exi/5ce1 ) ! highe/ ord] ( intellig5ce1 z 9 ! case ( t little />1 ! sun1 :i* he has quitt$4 ,n[ z to ^! same ,,fix$ ,,/>s1 we c easily guess ! /eps ( ,sir ,david's brief & satisfactory argum5t4 ,if ! />s be suns1 !y are inhabit$ l our sun2 & if !y be suns1 ea* has its planets1 l our sun2 & if !y h planets1 !y are inhabit$ l our planets2 & if !y h satellites l "s ( ours1 !y are also inhabit$4 ,b ! />s are suns1 & !y all h planets1 & at lea/ "s ( ^! planets1 satellites2 !re=e1 all ! fix$ />s1 ) _! respective planet>y sy/ems1 are inhabit$ 7,q4 ,e4 ,d47 ,"h are ,sir ,david's words3--8,we are compell$ to draw ! conclusion t :]ev] !re is a sun1 !re mu/ be a planet>y sy/em2 & :]ev] !re is a planet>y sy/em1 !re mu/ be ,life & ,intellig5ce40#ig ,?is is ! way 9 :i*1 x seems1 we worms ( ! e>? feel ourselves at lib]ty to deal ) our ,almighty ,creator3 dogmatically insi/+ t e sc5e ( exi/5ce 9 :i* ,he may h display$ ,8 omnipot5ce1 is b a repetition ( t p>ticul> "o 9 :i* we h our allott$ place6 ,z if ,he _h b "o patt]n = ,univ]sal ,creation6 ,only "o s*eme = peopl+ & deal+ ) inf9itude6 ,o1 t ! clay %\ld ?9k ?us ( ,him t fa%ione? x6#ih ,=gett+1 9 an exult+ mom5t ( bl9dness & presumption1 ,8 own awful words1 ,my ?\ghts are n z y\r ?\ghts1 nei!r are y\r ways my ways4 ,= z ! ,heav5s are high] ?an ! ,e>?1 s are my ways high] ?an y\r ways1 & my ?\ghts ?an y\r ?\ghts6#ii ,we are n[1 h[ev]1 ab\t to p ! ,fix$ ,/>s4 ,! only pro( t !y are ! c5tres ( planet>y sy/ems1 resides 9 ! assumption t ^! ,/>s are l ! ,sun2 & z resembl+ him 9 _! nature & qualities1 s hav+ ! same (fices & app5dages3--indep5d5t s\rces ( light1 & !nce probably ( heat2 !re=e hav+ att5dant planets1 to :i* !y may imp>t su* light & heat1--& ^! planets' inhabitants liv+ "u & enjoy+ ^? b5ign influ5ces4 ,ev]y?+ "h dep5ds on ?is proposition1 t ! ,/>s are l ! ,sun2 & x becomes ess5tial to exam9e :at evid5ce we h ( ! exactness ( _! lik5ess4#ajj ,9 ! ,preface to 8 ,second ,edition1 ! ,essayi/1 ^: sci5tific k few w v5ture to impugn1 boldly ass]ts t 8man's k ( ! physical prop]ties ( ! lum9>ies :i* he disc]ns 9 ! skies1 is1 ev5 n[1 almo/ no?+20 & 8su* be+ ! /ate ( our k1 z be>+ on ! doctr9e ( ! plurality ( worlds1 ! "t appe>$ to be n inopportune = a calm discussion ( ! "q1--^u :i*1 accord+ly10 he adds1 8,i h v5tur$ 9 ! foll[+ pages40 ,9 ! same ,preface he has ably cond5s$ into a s+le p>agraph 8 views on ! nature & ext5t ( our pres5t k on ! subject ( ! ,fix$ ,/>s4#aja ,9 ! op5+ ( ! *apt] devot$ to ?is subject 7*4 viii471 he admits 8! special evid5ce10 z to ! probability ( ^! />s conta9+1 9 !mselves1 or 9 accompany+ planets1 inhabitants ( any k9d1 8is1 inde$1 slight1 ei!r way40 ,z to ,clu/]$ & ,d\ble />s1 !y appe> to give u1 he says1 b little promise ( inhabitants4 ,9 :at degree ( cond5sation ! matt] ( ^! b9>y sy/ems is1 comp>$ ) t ( our sol> sy/em1 we h no means :atev] ( kn[+3 b ev5 grant+ t ea* individual ( ! pair 7 a sun l ours1 9 ! nature ( its mat]ial1 & its /ate ( cond5sation1 is x probable t x resembles our ,sun also 9 hav+ planets revolv+ ab\t x8 ,a sy/em ( planets revolv+ ab\t1 or among1 a pair ( ,suns1 :i* are at ! same "t revolv+ ab\t "o ano!r1 is s complex a s*eme app>5tly1 s impossible to arrange 9 a /able mann]1 t ! assumption ( ! exi/5ce ( su* s*emes1 )\t a ve/ige ( evid5ce1 c h>dly require refutation4 ,no d\bt1 if we 7 really requir$ to provide su* a b9>y sy/em ( ,suns ) att5dant planets1 ?is w\ld be be/ done by putt+ ! planets s ne> to "o ,sun t !y %\ld n be s5sibly affect$ by ! o!r2 & ?is is accord+ly :at has be5 propos$4 ,=1 z has be5 well said by ,sir ,john ,h]s*ell1 ( ! suppos$ planets 9 mak+ ?is proposal1 8unless closely ne/l$ "u ! protect+ w+ ( _! imm$iate sup]ior1 ! sweep ( ! o!r ,sun 9 8 p]ihelion passage r\nd _! own1 might c>ry !m (f1 or :irl !m into orbits utt]ly inconsi/5t ) ! exi/5ce ( _! inhabitants40 8,to assume ! exi/5ce ( ! inhabitants1 9 spite ( su* dang]s1 & to provide aga9/ ! dang]s by plac+ !m s close to "o ,sun z to be out ( ! rea* ( ! o!r1 ?\gh ! :ole di/ance ( ! two may n1 & z we "k 9 "s cases does n1 exce$ ! dim5sions ( our sol> sy/em1 is %[+ !m all ! fav\r :i* is possible4 ,b 9 mak+ ?is provision1 x is ov]look$ t x may n be possible to keep !m 9 p]man5t orbits s ne> to ! select$ c5tre4 ,_! ,sun may be a va/ sph]e ( lum9\s vap\r1 & ! planets plung$ into ?is atmosph]e may1 in/ead ( describ+ regul> orbits1 pl\gh _! way 9 spiral pa?s ?r\gh ! nebul\s abyss ( its c5tral nucleus40#ajb ,9 deal+ ) ! ,s+le ,/>s1 :i* are1 l ! ,sun1 self-lum9\s1 c !y be prov$1 l him1 to be def9ite d5se masses8 ,8 d5sity is ab\t t ( wat]4 ,or are !y1 or _m ( !m1 lum9\s masses 9 a f> m diffus$ /ate1 visually contract$ to po9ts ?r\gh _! imm5se di/ance8 ,"s ( ^? :i* we h ! be/ means ( exam9+ are "o-?ird1 or ev5 less1 9 mass1 ?an he3 & if ,sirius1 = in/ance1 be 9 ?is diffus$ condition1 ?\gh t w\ld n ( itself prev5t 8 hav+ planets1 x w\ld make him s unlike our ,sun1 z mu* to break ! =ce ( ! presumption t he mu/ h planets z he has4 ,aga93 ,z f> back z our k ( our ,sun ext5ds1 8 has be5 a p]man5t condition ( brightness3 yet _m ( ! fix$ />s n only und]go *anges1 b p]iodical1 & possibly progressive *anges3--:5ce x may be inf]r$1 p]haps1 t !y are n1 g5]ally1 9 ! same p]man5t condition z our ,sun4 ,z to ! evid5ce ( _! revolution on _! axis1 ?is has be5 inf]r$ f _! hav+ p]iodical recurr5ces ( fa9t] & bright] lu/re2 z if revolv+ orbs ) "o side d>k5$ by spots4 ,( ^!1 five only c be at pres5t spok5 ( by a/ronom]s#ajc ) precision4 ,no?+ is m probable ?an t ^! p]iodical *anges indicate ! revolution ( ^! /ell> masses on _! axis--a univ]sal law1 app>5tly1 ( all ! l>ge compact masses ( ! ,univ]se1 b by no means inf]r+ _! be+1 or hav+ accompany+ planets1 inhabit$4 ,! ,sun's rotation is n %[n1 intelligibly1 connect$ ) its hav+ ne> x ! inhabit$ ,e>?4 ,9 ! mean "t1 9 s f> z ^! />s are p]iodical1 !y are prov$ to be1 n l1 b unlike our ,sun4 ,! only real po9t ( resemblance1 !n1 is t ( be+ self-lum9\s1 9 ! highe/ degree ambigu\s & inconclusive1 & furni%+ no argum5t entitl$ to be deem$ "o f analogy4 ,humboldt deems ! =ce ( analogy to t5d ev5 9 ! opposite direction4 8,aft] all10 he asks1#ajd 8is ! assumption ( satellites att5dant planets to ! fix$ />s1 s absolutely necess>y8 ,if we 7 to beg9 f ! out] planets1 ,jupit]1 c41 analogy might seem to require t all planets h satellites3--yet ?is is n s ) ,m>s1 ,v5us1 ,m]cury20 to :i* may n[ be add$ ! ?irty ,planetoids--mak+ a mu* great] numb] ( bodies t h n1 ?an t h satellites4 ,! assumption1 !n1 t ! fix$ />s are ( exactly ! same nature z ! ,sun1 0 orig9ally a bold guess2 b !re has n s9ce be5 a ve/ige ( any confirmatory fact3--no planet1 nor any?+ fairly indicat+ ! exi/5ce ( "o revolv+ r\nd a fix$ />1 has ev] hi!rto be5 disc]n$2--& ! subsequ5t discov]y ( nebul2 b9>y sy/ems2 clu/]s ( />s2 p]iodical />s2 ( v>i$ & accel]at+ p]iods ( su* />s1--all seem to po9t ! o!r way3 leav+1 ?\gh possibly facts small 9 am\nt1 ! orig9al assumption a m]e guess1 unsupport$ by all t ?ree c5turies ( mo/ dilig5t1 & 9 o!r respects1 successful rese>*1 h be5 able to br+ to light4 ,all ! k ( times succe$+ ,cop]nicus1 ,galileo1 & ,kepl]1 7:o might well believe ! />s to be 9 e s5se suns72--among o!r ?+s1 ! disclosure ( ! hi/ory ( our own planet1 z "o 9 :i* su* gr& *anges h be5 con/antly go+ on2 ! c]ta9ty t 9 by f> ! greate/ "p ( ! duration ( its exi/5ce x has be5 t5ant$ by creatures entirely diff]5t f ^? :i* give an int]e/1 & !nce a p]suasiv5ess1 to ! belief ( inhabitants 9 worlds app5d$ to ea* />2 ! impossibility ( :i* appe>s1 9 ! grave/ consid]ation ( transf]r+ to o!r worlds su* int]e/s z belong to our race 9 ?is _w2--all ^! consid]ations1 x w\ld seem1 %\ld h prev5t$ t old & arbitr>y conjecture f gr[+ up1 among a g5]ation pr(ess+ philosophical caution & sci5tific discipl9e1 into a settl$ belief4 ,f9ally1 x w be "t en\gh to speculate ab\t ! inhabitants ( ! planets :i* belong to su* sy/ems1 z soon z we %all h asc]ta9$ t !re are su* planets1--or t !re is "o su*4#aje ,9 ! ,dialogue1 writt5 aft] ! fir/ edition ( ! 8,essay0 _h appe>$1 ! ,essayi/ greatly /r5g!n$ ! position = :i* he _h cont5d$ 9 x1 by an important passage conta9+ ! results ( ! em95t a/ronom] ,m4 ,/ruve's rec5t exam9ation ( d\ble />s1 & ! result ( 8 elaborate & compreh5sive comp>ison ( ! :ole body ( facts 9 /ell> a/ronomy4 ,among ! bright] />s1 he arrives at ! conclusion1 t e ,,f\r? su* /> is physically d\ble2 & t a complet$ k ( d\ble />s may prove e ,,?ird bright /> to be physically d\ble6 ,& 9 ! case ( />s ( inf]ior magnitude1 t ! numb] ( insulat$ />s1 ?\gh inde$ great] ?an t ( su* comp\nd sy/ems1 is nev]!less only ?ree times1 p]haps only twice z great4 ,?us ! loose evid5ce ( resemblance betwe5 our ,sun & ! fix$ />s becomes feebl] ! m x is exam9$2 & ! assumption ( /ell> planet>y sy/ems appe>s1 :5 closely scrut9is$1 to dw9dle away to no?+4#ajf ,n[1 to s mu* ( ! =ego+ facts & speculations z are conta9$ 9 ! ,essay1 f :i* we h fai?fully & c>efully extract$ ! sub/ance1 9 ord] t our read]s may judge = !mselves1 ,sir ,david ,brew/] answ]s1 9 effect1 & g5]ally 9 words1 ?us3-- ,! greate/ & gr&e/ tru? 9 a/ronomy1 is ! motion ( ! sol> sy/em1 advanc+ ) all ! planets & satellites 9 ! heav5s1 at ! rate ( fifty-sev5 miles a second1 r\nd "s di/ant invisible body1 9 an orbit ( su* inconceivable dim5sions1 t millions ( ye>s may be requir$ = a s+le orbit4 ,:5 we consid] t ?is c5tre mu/ be a sun ) att5dant planets l our own1 revolv+ 9 l mann] r\nd our sun1 8 or r\nd _! common c5tre ( gravity1 ! m9d rejects1 almo/ ) indignation1 ! ignoble s5tim5t t ,man is ! only be+ p]=m+ ?is immeasurable j\rney--& t ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 ,uranus1 & ,neptune1 ) _! bright array ( regal tra9-be>]s1 are b z colossal blocks ( lifeless clay1 encumb]+ ! ,e>? z a drag1 & mock+ ! creative maje/y ( ,heav54 ,f ! bir? ( man to ! ext9ction ( 8 race 6 ! sy/em to :i* he belongs w h describ$ b an inf9itesimal arc 9 t gr& cosmical orbit 9 :i* x is de/9$ to move4 ,?is af=ds a new argum5t = ! plurality ( worlds4 ,s9ce e fix$ /> mu/ h planets1 ! fact ( our sy/em revolv+ r\nd a simil> sy/em ( planets1 furni%es a new argum5t f analogy2 = z !re is at lea/ "o inhabit$ planet 9 ! "o sy/em1 !re mu/ = ! same reason be "o 9 ! o!r1 & consequ5tly z _m z !re are sy/ems 9 ! ,univ]se4#ajg ,?us our sy/em is n absolutely fix$ 9 space1 b is connect$ ) ! o!r sy/ems 9 ! ,univ]se4 ,! ,fix$ ,/>s are suns ( o!r sy/ems1 ^: planets are invisible f _! di/ance1 z are ours f ! ne>e/ fix$ />4 ,e s+le /> %9+ by its own native light is ! c5tre ( a planet>y sy/em l our own--! lamp t lights1 ! /ove t heats1 & ! p[] t guides 9 _! orbits1 inhabit$ worlds l our own4 ,_m are d\ble1 ) a sy/em ( planets r\nd ea*1 or ! c5tre ( gravity ( bo?4 ,no "o c believe t two suns w\ld be plac$ 9 ! heav5s1 = no o!r purpose ?an to revolve r\nd _! common c5tre ( gravity4 ,x is 8highly probable10 t our ,sun is "o ( a b9>y sy/em1 & has at pres5t an unse5 p>tn]2 & we are 8entitl$ to conclude0 t all ! o!r b9>y sy/ems h at lea/ an inhabit$ planet3 :]ev] !re is a self-lum9\s fix$ or movable ,sun !re mu/ be a planet>y sy/em2 & :]ev] !re is a planet>y sy/em1 !re mu/ be life & intellig5ce4#ajh ,ap>t f ! ass]tion ( 8 c>d9al pr9ciple ) :i* we are famili>1 namely1 t s9ce our ,sun has an inhabit$ planet1 all o!rs mu/2 & also t all planets mu/ be inhabit$2--! argum5tative value ( ^! two *apt]s seems to lie 9 ?is t !y annihilate "o ( ! ,essayi/'s po9ts ( unlik5ess betwe5 our ,sun & o!r ,fix$ ,/>s1 inasmu* z x1 toge!r ) s _m ( !m1 is "o ( a b9>y sy/em3 :]e=e :at is true ( x1 is true ( !m1 et vice v]sa4 ,he bases ?is proposition1 viz41 t our ,sun is "o ( a b9>y sy/em1 on 8high probability10 f 8! motion ( our own sy/em r\nd a di/ant c5tre40#aji ,! great tru? ( ?is motion1 he says ! ,essayi/ 8has completely misrepres5t$1 =esee+ its influ5ce on ! m9d z an argum5t = m worlds ?an "o40#aaj ,:at ! ,essayi/ _h said on ! subject1 0 ?is3#aaa he speaks ( 8! attempt to %[ t ! ,sun1 c>ry+ ) x ! :ole sol> sy/em1 is 9 motion2 & ! fur!r attempt to %[ ! direction ( t motion2--& aga91 ! hypo!sis t ! ,sun itself revolves r\nd "s di/ant object 9 space40 ,^! m9ute inquiries & bold conjectures1 he says1 8_c ?r[ any light on ! "q1 :e!r any "p besides ! e>? be inhabit$3 any m ?an ! inve/igation ( ! movem5ts ( ! ocean & _! laws c prove or disprove ! exi/5ce ( m>9e plants & animals4 ,!y d n1 on t acc\nt1 cease to be important & int]e/+ objects ( speculation1 b !y d n belong to our subject40 ,z to ! ,sun's motion1 we are b\nd to say1 t ! ,a/ronom] ,royal has rec5tly decl>$ t 8e a/ronom] :o has exam9$ ! matt] c>efully1 has come to ! conclusion ( ,sir ,william ,h]s*ell1 t ! :ole sol> sy/em is mov+ t[>ds a po9t 9 ! con/ellation ,h]cules40#aab ,be=e quitt+ ?is "p ( ! subject1 we may /ate t ! ,essayi/1 9 8 second ,preface1#aac po9ts out ! insecure "* ( a/ronomical calculations z to ! am\nt ( absolute light ascrib$ to "s ( ! fix$ />s4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t ! illum9at+ p[] ( ,alpha ,c5tauri is ne>ly d\ble t ( ! ,sun1 plac$ at t di/ance1 :i* is two hundr$ ?\s& times z f> (f z is ! ,sun2 b ,sir ,john ,h]s*ell w n concur 9 m ( ! calculation ?an attributes to ! /> ! emission ( m light ?an our ,sun4 ,surely ! critical & prec>i\s "* ( su* calculations %\ld n be lo/ sight ( by c&id inquir]s1 b incl9e !m to scan some:at closely any pret5sions t9ctur$ by a/ronomic dogmatism4 ,"o imm5se /ep m1 h[ev]1--& x is our la/1 br+s to 8! outskirts ( creation10 z ! ,essayi/ calls x1--! ,nebul3 & "h we f9d him once m confront$ by 8 indefatigable & implacable oppon5t4 ,we mu/ !re=e take our bigge/ & be/ m5tal telescope to behold ^! two ,specks intellectual1 s f> (f 9 inf9itude1 wrangl+ ab\t a fa9t cl\d va/ly fur!r (f ?an !mselves4 ,d y see h[ angry "o ( !m looks1 & h[ provok+ly /olid ! o!r8 ',tis all ab\t ! nature ( t same cl\d1 or ,nebula2 & if we c\ld only he> :at !y said1 we might cat* a *ord or two ( ! music ( ! sph]es6 ,! ,essayi/ is requir$1 by 8 bro!r speck1 to believe t ! fa9tly-lum9\s pat* at :i* !y are gaz+--a ?\s&? "p ( ! visible bread? ( our own ,sun--conta9s 9 x m life ?an exi/s 9 z _m su* sy/ems z ! unassi/$ eye c see />s 9 ! heav5s on ! cle>e/ w9t] night3--a view ( ! greatness ( creation s /up5d\s1 t ! a/\nd$ speck1 ! ,essayi/1 asks = a mom5t's "t to consid] ! matt]4 8,we are entitl$ to draw ! conclusion10 says ! o!r1 8t ^! ,nebul are clu/]s ( />s1 at su* an imm5se di/ance f our own sy/em1 t ea* /> ( :i* !y are compos$ is ! sun or c5tre ( a sy/em ( planets2 & t ^! planets are inhabit$--l our ,e>?1 ! seat ( vegetable1 animal1 & intellectual life30#aad t all ! ,nebul are resolvable into />s2 & appe> z ,nebul only because !y are m di/ant ?an ! region 9 :i* !y c appe> z />s4#aae ,! conclusion1 h[ev]1 at :i* ! ,essayi/ arrives1 aft] an elaborate exam9ation ( evid5ce1 & especially ( ! late/ discov]ies 9 ?is dim & di/ant region by ,sir ,john ,h]s*ell & ! ,e>l ( ,rosse1 is--t 8,nebul are va/ masses ( incoh]5t or gase\s matt]1 ( imm5se t5uity1 diffus$ 9 =ms m or less irregul>1 b all ( !m de/itute ( any regul> sy/em ( solid mov+ bodies4444 ,s f>1 !n10 he concludes1 8z ^! ,nebul are conc]n$1 ! improbability ( _! be+ inhabit$ appe>s to am\nt to ! highe/ po9t t c be conceiv$4 ,we may1 by ! indulg5ce ( fancy1 p ! summ] cl\ds1 or ! beams ( ! aurora borealis1 ) liv+ be+s ( ! same k9d ( sub/ance z ^? bright appe>ances !mselves2 & 9 do+ s1 we are n mak+ any bold] ass]tion ?an :5 we /ock ! ,nebul ) inhabitants1 & call !m1 9 t s5se1 inhabit$ worlds40#aaf ,! ,essayi/ cont5ds t ! argum5t = ! va/ness ( ! s*eme ( ! ,univ]se1 sugge/$ by ! resolution ( ! ,nebul1 is f\nd to be unt5able3--inasmu* z ! greate/ a/ronom]s n[ agree 9 believ+ ,nebul to h di/ances ( ! same ord] z ,fix$ ,/>s4 ,_! filmy appe>ance is a true indication ( a highly att5uat$ sub/ance3 s att5uat$ z to de/roy all probability ( _! be+ inhabit$ worlds4 ,) ?is op9ion z to ! t5uity ( ,nebul agrees ! abs5ce ( all obs]v$ motion among _! p>ts2 :ile ! extraord9>y spiral arrangem5t ( _m ( !m1 prove t nev]!less _m ( !m really h motion1 & sugge/s modes ( calculat+ _! t5uity1 & %[+ h[ extreme x is4 8,x is probable10 said ,"l ,rosse1 9 a pap] :i* we ourselves he>d him read n long ago1 f ! *air ( ! ,royal ,society1 8t 9 ! ,nebul> sy/ems1 motion exi/s4 ,if we see a sy/em ) a di/9ct spiral arrangem5t1 all analogy leads u to conclude t !re has be5 motion2 & t if !re has be5 motion1 t motion /ill cont9ues40444 8,among ! ,nebul10 he says1 8!re are va/ numb]s1 mu* too fa9t to be sket*$ or measur$ ) any prospect ( advantage3 ! mo/ p[]ful in/rum5ts we possess %[+ 9 !m no?+ ( an organis$ /ructure1 b m]ely a confus$ mass ( nebulosity1 ( v>y+ brightness40#aag ,! ,essayi/ makes p[]ful use1 moreov]1 ( ,sir ,john ,h]s*ell's celebrat$ obs]vation ( ! ,magellanic ,cl\ds1 ly+ ne> ! ,s\? ,pole2 exhibit+ ! coexi/5ce1 9 a limit$ compass1 & 9 indiscrim9ate position1 ( />s1 clu/]s ( />s1 nebul regul> & irregul>1 & nebul> /reaks & pat*es1 ?+s diff]5t n m]ely to u1 b 9 !mselves3 nebul1 side by side ) />s & clu/]s ( />s2 nebul\s matt] resolvable1 close to nebul\s matt] irresolvable2--! la/ & wide/ /ep by :i* ! dim5sions ( ! ,univ]se h be5 exp&$1 9 ! notions ( eag] speculators1 be+ *eck$ by a complet] k1 & a sag] _s ( speculation4#aah ,9 discuss+ su* matt]s z ^!1 he f9ely obs]ves--8,x is difficult to make m5 feel t s mu* ignorance c lie close to s mu* k2 to make !m believe t !y h be5 all[$ to discov] s mu*1 & yet are n all[$ to discov] m40#aai ,9 allud+ to ! ,nebul1 z subjects ( our mo/ p[]ful telescopic obs]vation1 ! ,essayi/ speaks 9 a tone ( s>casm conc]n+ ! 8%9+ dots10--! 8lumps ( light0 :i* are r5d]$ app>5t amid/ !m3 ask+1 :at are ^! lumps8 7#a47 ,h[ l>ge8 7#b47 ,at :at di/ances8 7#c47 ,( :at /ructure8 7#d47 ,( :at use8--add+1 he mu/ be a bold man :o und]takes to answ] ! "q1 t ea* is a ,sun1 ) att5dant sy/ems ( planets4 ,sir ,david1 exce$+ly irate1 says1 8,we accept ! *all5ge1 & appeal to our read]s30--7#a47 ,! size ( ! dot1 or lump1 is l>ge en\gh to be a ,sun4 7#b47 ,he _c answ] ?is1 = want ( kn[+ #8! app>5t di/ance betwe5 ! c5tres ( ! dots4' 7#c47 ,l our ,sun--#8,x w consi/ ( a lum9\s envelope1 enclos+ a d>k nucleus4' 7#d47 ,( no conceivable use1 b to give light to planets1 or to ! solid nuclei ( :i* !y consi/4 ,9 8 turn1 he asks ! ,essayi/--:at is ! size1 di/ance1 /ructure1 & use ( ! dots1 ^u 8 hypo!sis8 ,! ,essayi/1 he obs]ves1 is sil5t2#abj b 9 8 ,essay1 he _h said1 di/9ctly en\gh1 8,let u n wrangle ab\t words4 ,by all means let ^! dots be />s1 if we "k ab\t :at we are speak+3 if a /> mean1 m]ely1 a lum9\s dot 9 ! sky4 ,b t ^! />s %all resemble1 9 _! nature1 ,/>s ( ! ,fir/ ,magnitude1 & t su* />s %all resemble ,our ,sun1 are surely v bold /ructures ( assumption1 to build on su* a basis4 ,"s nebul are resolvable into di/9ct po9ts3 b :at w\ld x am\nt to8 ,t ! sub/ance ( all nebul is n cont9u\s2 sep>ate1 & sep>able into di/9ct lum9\s elem5ts3--nebul are1 x w\ld !n seem1 z x 7 ( a curdl$ or granulat$ texture2 !y h run into lumps ( light1 or be5 =m$ orig9ally ( su* lumps40 ,& !n foll[ "s v +5i\s & ref9$ speculations1 into :i* we h n space to ent]2 & inde$ we may be well cont5t ) :at we h done1 hav+ travell$ f a tol]able dep? 9 ! cru/ ( our own little planet1 pa/ planet aft] planet1 /> aft] />1 till we rea*$ ! nebul\s 8outskirts ( creation20 accompani$ by two ,m5tors ( ,inf9itude1--:isp]+ into our e>--"o1 t life1 animal1 intellectual1 moral1 0 sw>m+ ar\nd u at e /ep2 ! o!r1 t t life ceas$ ) our own ,e>?1 z f> z we 7 able to detect its exi/5ce1 & giv+ u v solemn & my/]i\s reasons :y x %\ld be s4 ,our ,essayi/1 h[ev]1 is n exhau/$ by ! ef=ts he has made 9 8 de/ructive c>e]4 ,if he be a 8pr\d sett] d[n0 ( cosmological sy/ems1 he det]m9es1 9 turn1 to be a 8putt] up30 & s pres5ts u ) 8 own ,!ory ( ! ,sol> ,sy/em2 & an explanation ( ! mode 9 :i* all appe>ances 9 ! ,univ]se beyond may be reconcil$ ) x4 8,x may s]ve0 he says1 8to confirm 8 argum5t1 if he give a description ( ! sy/em :i* %all cont9ue & connect 8 views ( ! con/itution & peculi>ities z to physical circum/ances ( ea* ( ! planets4 ,x w help u 9 our speculation1 if we c reg>d ! planets z n only a collection1 b a s*eme2--if we c give n an ,enunciation only1 b a ,!ory4 ,n[1 su* a ,,s*eme1 su* a ,,!ory1 appe>s to (f] itself to u40#aba ,! scope ( ?is s*eme1 or !ory1 is1 z we "s "t ago saw1 to make our e>?1 9 po9t ( a/ronomical fact & reality1 ! l>ge/ ,planet>y ,body 9 ! sol> sy/em2 its dome/ic he>?2 ! only "p ( ! frame revolv+ r\nd ! ,sun :i* has become a 8,,_w40 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 make %ort "w ( x4 ,! planets ext]ior to ,m>s--especially ,jupit] & ,saturn--appe> sph]es ( wat]1 or aque\s vap\r4 ,! ,e>? has a consid]able atmosph]e ( air & ( vap\r2 :ile on ,v5us or ,m]cury--s close to ! sun--we see no?+ ( a gase\s or aque\s atmosph]e2 !y & ,m>s diff]+ little 9 d5sity f ! e>?4 ,,! ,,e>?',s ,,orbit1 accord+ to ! ,essayi/'s !ory1 ,,is ,,! ,,temp]ate ,,zone ,,( ,,! ,,sol> ,,sy/em1 :]e only ! play ( hot & cold1 moi/ & dry1 is possible4 ,wat] & gases1 cl\ds & vap\rs1 =m1 ma9ly1 ! planets 9 ! out] "p ( ! sol> sy/em2 :ile masses1 su* z result f ! fusion ( ! mo/ solid mat]ials1 lie ne>] ! ,sun1 & are f\nd pr9cipally )9 ! orbit ( ,jupit]4 ,aft] a fur!r exposition ( 8 8!ory10 ! ,essayi/ obs]ves t x agrees ) ! nebul> hypo!sis1 ,,s ,,f> z x applies to ! ,sol> ,sy/em2 exactly1 & v /]nly1 repudiat+ t hypo!sis z x applies to ! ,univ]se 9 g5]al4#abb 8,if we all[ ourselves10 says he1 8to speculate at all on physical gr\nds respect+ ! orig9 ( ! ,e>?1 ! hypo!sis1 t x has pass$ ?r\gh a fluid & a gase\s condition1 does n appe> m extravagant ?an any o!r cosmogonical hypo!sis3 n ev5 if we suppose t ! o!r bodies ( ! ,sol> ,sy/em h %>$ 9 ! l *anges4 ,b1 t all ! />s & ! nebul h gone1 or are go+ ?r\gh1 a s]ies ( *anges su* z ^? by :i* ! ,sol> ,sy/em has be5 =m$1--! nebul> hypo!sis1 z x applies to ! ,univ]se 9 g5]al1 is precisely ! doctr9e :i* ,i "h reject1 giv+ my reasons40#abc ,! :ole ( ! ,*apt] devot$ to 8! ,!ory ( ! ,sol> ,sy/em10 is di/+ui%$ by rem>kable +5uity & orig9ality4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 t entitl$ ! ,argum5t f ,design1 :i*1 indep5d5tly ( all connection ) ! speculations ( ! au?or z already laid be=e our read]s1 is wor?ie/ ( consid]ation1 by all int]e/$ 9 ,natural ,!ology4 ,x t\*es _m topics :i* mu/ h occupi$ ! pr(\nde/ ?\ghts ( mank9d1 & t\*es !m ) ! utmo/ caution & delicacy4 ,9 ! #cd? ,section w be f\nd a passage ( s+ul> boldness & imag9ative eloqu5ce2 b liable1 9 our op9ion1 to s]i\s misconception1 & susceptible ( misrepres5tation--by ^?1 at lea/1 :o are ei!r unable1 or indispos$1 to weigh ! entire *apt]1 & asc]ta9 its real value & t5d5cy4 ,"s expressions h />tl$ u n a little1 :5 reflect+ t !y relate to ! possible mode ( action ( ,omnisci5t ,omnipot5ce2 & we %all be gratifi$ by see+ !m v9dicat$ or expla9$ 9 ! next edition ( 8 8,essay40 ,ea* ( our speculators closes 8 book ) a *apt] devot$ to 8,! ,future40 ,! ideas ( ,sir ,david conc]n+ ! duration ( ! human race ^u ! e>? 7:i* ,inspiration tells u is s awfully unc]ta91 & w be cut %ort sudd5ly--9 a mom5t--9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye71 seem to be curi\sly def9ite2 = we h se5 t 9 8 six? *apt] he /ates t 8f ! bir? ( man to ! ext9ction ( 8 race1 ! ,sol> ,sy/em to :i* he belongs w h describ$ b an inf9itesimal arc 9 t gr& cosmical orbit 9 :i* x is de/9$ to move40 ,)\t paus+ to ask :o told him ?is1 let u intimate1 t 9 8 f9al *apt] he says t ! sci5tific tru?s on :i* dep5ds ! plurality ( worlds are intimately associat$ ) ! future de/9y ( man3 he turns to ! future ( ! sid]eal sy/ems1 z ! hall[$ spots 9 :i* is to be sp5t 8 immortal exi/5ce4 ,scripture has n spok5 articulately ( ! future locality ( ! ble/2 b ,reason has comb9$ ! scatt]$ utt]ances ( ,inspiration1 & ) an almo/ oracul> voice decl>$ t ! ,mak] ( ! worlds w place 9 ^! ! be+s ( 8 *oice4 ,9 :at region1 reason does n det]m9e2 b x is impossible = man1 ) ! light ( ,revelation z 8 guide1 to d\bt = a mom5t t on ! cele/ial sph]es 8 future is to be sp5t 9 l(ty inquiries2 social int]c\rse2 ! r5ewal ( dome/ic ties2 & 9 ! s]vice ( 8 ,almighty b5efactor4 ,! ,*ri/ian's future1 n def9$ 9 8 cre$1 enwrapt 9 apocalyptic my/]ies1 evades 8 grasp3 x is only ,a/ronomy t op5s ! my/]i\s expanse ( ! ,univ]se to 8 eye1 & creates an intelligible p>adise 9 ! _w to come3 :]e=e1 says ,sir ,david1 we mu/ impregnate ! popul> m9d ) ! tru?s ( natural sci5ce2 tea*+ !m 9 e s*ool1 & recomm5d+1 if n illu/rat+1 !m f e pulpit3 fix+ 9 ! m9ds & associat+ 9 ! affections1 alike ( age & y\?1 ! great tru?s 9 ! planet>y & sid]eal univ]se1 on :i* ! doctr9e ( ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o mu/ respectively re/--! philosoph] scann+ ) a new s5se ! sph]e 9 :i* he is to /udy2 & ! ,*ri/ian ! temples 9 :i* he is to wor%ip4--,su*1 9 8 own words1 is ,sir ,david ,brew/]'s f9al & au?oritative exposition ( ! ,,cre$ ( ! philosoph]1 & ! ,,hope ( ! ,*ri/ian3--( su* a nature are to be ! new heav5s & ! new e>? :]e9 dwelle? righte\sness2 & su*1 h5ce=?1 z he has indicat$1 becomes ! duty ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*] 9 ! ,family1 9 ! ,s*ool1 9 ! ,pulpit6 ,s absolutely & irrefragably1 x seems1 are demon/rat$ ! /up5d\s facts ( a/ronomical sci5ce on :i* ?is ,cre$ & ?is ,fai? dep5d3 s un]r+ are our telescopes & o!r in/rum5ts1 t he :o does n receive ?is 8,cre$0 is no philosoph]1 nor he :o rejects ! 8,hope0 a ,*ri/ian4 ,b1 9 ! mean "t1 h[ inconceivably emb>rass+ to su* a philosoph]1 & to su* a ,*ri/ian1 is ! possibility t _m1 or a few ye>s h5ce1 su* imm5se improvem5ts may be made 9 telescopes1 or 9 o!r modes ( acquir+ a k ( ! cele/ial /ructures1 z to demon/rate to ! s5se1 z well z reason1 ( u impati5t & presumptu\s t5ants ( ! e>?1 t ! planets are n inhabit$6 t ! fix$ />s are n suns1 & h n a planet a piece--no1 n ev5 a solit>y planet among !m6 ,?us r5d]+ our a/\nd$ & dismay$ philosoph] homeless & cre$less1 & ! ,*ri/ian helpless & hopeless3--! =m] "o ( ^? :o pr(ess+ !mselves to be wise become fools2#abd ! latt]1 lik5$ unto a fooli% man :i* built 8 h\se ^u ! s&4#abe ,! 8,future0 ( ! ,essayi/ is ( a diff]5t k9d1 & adumbrat$ ) becom+ humility & diffid5ce4 8,i did n10 he says1 8v5ture fur!r ?an to intimate1 t :5 we are taught1 t z we h borne ! image ( ! ,e>?y1 we %all also be> ! image ( ! ,heav5ly1 we may f9d1 9 ev5 natural sci5ce1 reasons = op5+ our m9ds to ! reception ( ! *e]+ & elevat+ ann\ncem5t40#abf ,we h n[ plac$ be=e our read]s ! sub/ance ( ! argum5ts = & aga9/ a plurality ( worlds1 s f> z develop$ 9 ! essays ( ,dr ,:ewell & ,sir ,david ,brew/]4 ,! =m] is a "w s replete ) subtle ?\ght1 bold speculation1 & k ( almo/ e k9d1 us$ ) extraord9>y =ce & dext]ity1 z to *all5ge ! pati5t & wat*ful att5tion ( ! mo/ ?\ghtful read]2 & t :e!r he be1 or be n1 v]s$ 9 a/ronomical speculations4 ,great z are ! p[] & res\rces ( ! au?or1 we detect no trace ( dogmatism or arrogance1 b1 on ! contr>y1 a true _s ( fe>less1 b pati5t & c&id1 inquiry4 ,x is a mighty problem ( :i* he proposes a solution1 & he does no m ?an propose x3 9 8 ,preface decl>+ t1 to himself at lea/1 8 argum5ts 8appe> to be ( no small philosophical =ce1 ?\gh he is q ready to weigh c>efully & c&idly any answ] :i* may be (f]$ to !m40 ,we feel grateful to ! accompli%$ ,essayi/ = ! /oreh\se ( au!ntic facts1 & ! novel comb9ation ( inf]5ces f !m1 ) :i* he has pres5t$ u2 & we are n aw>e t he has giv5 u j reason to regret confid+ 9 8 correctness or c&\r4 ,& 9 travell+ ) him ?r\gh 8 va/ & *equ]$ c\rse1 we feel t we h accompani$ n only ! philosoph] & ! div9e1 b ! g5tleman3 "o :o1 :ile manife/ly kn[+ :at is due to himself1 z manife/ly respects 8 intellig5t read]4 ,9 sev]al ( 8 a/ronomical assumptions & inf]5ces we may be unable to concur1 p>ticul>ly 9 respect ( ! nebul\s />s4 ,we may also well falt] at express+ a decisive 8,aye0 or 8,no10 to ! great "q propos$ by him = discussion1 on sci5tific gr\nds1 & indep5d5tly ( ,scriptural ,revelation2 yet we ackn[l$ge t he has s5sibly %ak5 our op9ion z to ! validity ( ! reasons usually assign$ = believ+ 9 a plurality ( worlds4 ,he remorselessly ties u d[n to ,,evid5ce1 z he ought to d2 & all ! m rigor\sly1 because ! affirmative conclusion1 at :i* _m he$less p]sons are dispos$ to jump1 is "o :i*1 if well f\nd$1 occasions religi\s difficulties ( a grave "* among ! pr(\nde/ & p]haps ev5 dev\te/ ?9k]s4 ,to suppose t ,omnipot5ce may n h peopl$ already1 or contemplate a future peopl+ ( ! />ry sph]es ) intellig5t be+s1 ( z diff]5t a k9d & ord] z x is possible = our limit$ faculties to conceive1 yet 9 "s way involv$ 9 physical conditions1 altoge!r inexplicable to u1 w\ld be ! acme ( impi\s presumption4 ,:5 we look at ,sirius1 9 8 solit>y spl5d\r 9 ! midnight sky1 p\r+ =? possibly fifty times ! light & heat ( our sun1 ^u a prodigi\sly great] planet>y sy/em ?an our own1 x is natural to conjecture :e!r1 among _m o!r possibilities1 x may be ! seat ( intellig5ce1 p]haps ( a transc5d5t "*4 ,"h ! imag9ation may disport itself z x pleases3 yet we %all feel ourselves compell$--^? :o c ?9k ab\t ! matt]--to own1 t our imag9ations are1 z x 71 8cab9$1 cribb$1 conf9$10 by ! objects & associations to :i* we are at pres5t re/rict$2 & z ! late em95t ,prussian a/ronom]1 ,bessel1 obs]v$1 ^? :o imag9e inhabitants 9 ! moon & planets1 8suppos$ !m1 9 spite ( all _! prote/ations1 z l to m51 z "o egg to ano!r40 ,b :5 we proce$ fur!r1 & insi/ on lik5+ ^! suppos$ inhabitants to ourselves1 intellectually & morally1 !n x is t bo? philosophy & religion concur 9 rebuk+ u1 & enjo9+ a rev]5t diffid5ce4 ,we h probably read z mu* on ^! subjects z _m ( our read]s1 & t ) deep int]e/ & att5tion2 b we nev] met ) s cog5t a demon/ration z is conta9$ 9 ?is ,essay1 ( ! !ological difficulties besett+ ! popul> doctr9e ( a plurality ( worlds4 ,_h ,god v\*saf$ to tell u t x 0 s1 !re w\ld h be5 an end ( ! matt]1 & ) x all difficulty w\ld h disappe>$1 to "o ^: :ole life1 z ! ,*ri/ian's ought to be1 is "o cont9u$ act ( fai?2 b ,god has ?\ght fit to pres]ve an awful sil5ce conc]n+ 8 deal+s ) o!r sc5es ( physical exi/5ce3 :ile ,he has z di/9ctly reveal$ t ( spiritual be+s ^: functions are vitally connect$ ) man1 z he exi/s ^u ! e>?1 ! subject ( a sublime economy1 :i*1 we are assur$ by ,inspiration1 t ! angels desire to look into4 ,! ,*ri/ian implicitly believes t !re ,,is a ,,heav51 :]e ! pres5ce ( ! adorable ,deity con/itutes happ9ess1 to ! mo/ exalt$ ( ,8 m9i/]s & s]vants1 p]fect & ineffable3 happ9ess 9 :i* ,he has solemnly assur$ u t we may h]eaft] p>ticipate3 = s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 m5 h n he>d1 nor p]ceiv$ by ! e>1 nei!r ha? ! eye se51 ,o ,god1 beside ,!e1 :at ,he ha? prep>$ = him t waite? = ,him4#abg ,?is1 our ,mak] has told u2 he has n told u ! o!r1 nor any?+ ab\t x3 no1 n :5 ,he visit$ ! e>?1 unless we c dimly see su* a significance 9 ! words1 8,9 my ,fa!r's h\se 77 are _m mansions 773 if x 7 n s1 ,i w\ld h told y4 ,i g to prep>e a place 77 = y40 ,! ^w is us$ twice 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & 9 ! same *apt]3#abh 9 ! v]se already quot$1 & 9 ! #bc;d--8,if a man love me1 he w keep my words3 & my ,fa!r w love him1 & we w come unto him1 & make our abode 77 ) him40 ,"h are ! ?ree words 9 ! same v]se1 1 1 4 ,9 my ,fa!r's h\se !re are 1 _m places ( abode4 ,heav5 is ! 1 our common place1 & x has _m subdivisions1 room en\gh = angels1 z well z = ! spirits ( j m5 made p]fect4 ,x is possibly an allusion to ! temple1 ,god's e>?ly h\se1 :i* _h _m *amb]s 9 x4 ,b :o %all require u to believe t ?is 1 0 a />1 or planet8 ,x may be s1 x may n2 !re c be no s9 9 a dev\t m9d conjectur+ on ! subject2 b ! ,essayi/ does n m$dle ) ^! solemn topics3 conf9+ himself to ! physical reasons = conjectur+1 ) m or less probability1 t ! />s are habitations = human be+s4 ,we take our leave ( him ) a quotation f 8 ,dialogue1 c\*$ 9 grave & dignifi$ t]ms3-- 8,u4 ,b y\r argum5ts are m]ely negative4 ,y prove only t we d n "k ! planets to be inhabit$4 8,z4 ,if1 :5 ,i h prov$ t po9t1 m5 7 to cease to talk z if !y knew t ! planets are inhabit$1 ,i %\ld h produc$ a great effect4 8,u4 ,y\r basis is too n>r[ = s va/ a sup]/ructure1 z t all ! re/ ( ! univ]se1 besides ! e>?1 is un9habit$4 8,z4 ,p]haps2 = my philosophical basis is only ! e>?--! only kn[n habitation4 ,b on ?is same n>r[ basis1 ! e>?1 y build up a sup]/ructure t o!r bodies ,,are inhabit$4 ,:at ,i d is1 to %[ t ea* "p ( y\r /ructure is void ( t5acity1 & _c /&4 8,x is probable t :5 we h r$uc$ to _! real value all ! presumptions drawn f physical reason+1 = ! op9ion ( planets & />s be+ ei!r inhabit$1 or un9habit$1 ! face ( ^! w be p]ceiv$ to be s small1 t ! belief ( all ?\ghtful p]sons on ?is subject w be det]m9$ by moral1 metaphysical1 & !ological consid]ation40#abi 8,m ,worlds ?an ,"o0 w n1 we are con/ra9$ to say1 9 our op9ion1 add to ! well-e>n$ reputation ( ,sir ,david ,brew/]4 ,x is a ha/y & slight p]=mance1 entirely ( a popul> "*2 & disfigur$ ?r\gh\t1 n only by an ov]we5+ confid5ce & p]emptor9ess ( ass]tion1 b by t+es ( p]sonality & outbur/s ( heat t are inde$ /range di/urb+ =ces 9 a philosophical discussion4 ,dr ,:ewell's ,essay is a "w requir+1 9 a wor?y answ]1 great consid]ation2 & we d n ?9k t 8,m ,worlds ?an ,"o0 evid5ces a ti! ( su* consid]ation4 ,nor does ,sir ,david %[ a prop] respect = 8 oppon5t2 nor has he tak5 a prop] measure ( 8 =midable proportions z a logical & sci5tific disputant1 "o :o %\ld be answ]$ 9 a cold & exact _s2 or x 7 mu* bett] to leave him alone4 ,sir ,david mu/ =give u if we quote a s5t5ce or two f dev\t old ,john ,wesley1 a man :o _h sev]al po9ts ( greatness 9 him3-- 8,be n s positive1 especially ) reg>d to ?+s :i* are nei!r easy1 nor necess>y to be det]m9$4 ,:5 ,i 0 "y1 ,i 0 sure ( ev]y?+4 ,9 a few ye>s1 hav+ be5 mi/ak5 a ?\s& times1 ,i 0 n half s sure ( mo/ ?+s z be=e4 ,at pres5t1 ,i am h>dly sure ( any?+1 b :at ,god has reveal$ to me6444 ,^u ! :ole1 an +5i\s man may easily fl\ri% on ?is head4 ,h[ mu* m glori\s is x = ! great ,god to h creat$ innum]able worlds ?an ?is little globe only6444 ,d y ask1 !n1 :at is ,?is ,spot to ! great ,god8 ,:y1 z mu* z millions ( sy/ems4 ,,great & ,,little h place ) reg>d to u2 b be=e ,him1 !y vani% away60#acj ,font5elle has mu* to answ] =1 if we may judge f :at has be5 said conc]n+ ! ext5t & nature ( ! influ5ce he has ex]cis$ on ?\ghtless m9ds4 ,t flippant b brilliant trifl]1 ,horace ,walpole1 = in/ance1 decl>$ t ! read+ ,font5elle _h made him a sceptic6 ,he ma9ta9$1 on ! supposition ( a plurality ( worlds1 ! impossibility ( any revelation6 ,t ! reception ( ?is op9ion 0 suffici5t1 ) him1 to de/roy ! cr$ibility ( all revelation6#aca ,?is gr\nd he has1 if ?is report be true1 ! hon\r ( occupy+ ) ,?omas ,pa9e4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 ?9k & speak & act diff]5tly1 rememb]+ fe>fully1 h[ (t5 ! wisdom ( ?is _w is fooli%ness ) ,god4 ,is x1 inde$1 consi/5t ) ev5 m]e worldly wisdom1 on ! gr\nd ( an assumption ) reg>d to inhabit$ planets1 to reject a belief f\nd$ on direct & positive pro(s1 su* z is ! belief 9 ! tru?s ( ,natural & ,reveal$ ,religion8 8,newton10 says ,dr ,*alm]s1 9 8 disc\rse on ! ,mode/y ( ,true ,sci5ce1 8knew ! b\nd>y :i* hemm$ him4 ,he knew t he _h n ?r[n "o p>ticle ( light on ! moral or religi\s hi/ory ( ^! planet>y regions4 ,he _h n asc]ta9$ :at visits ( communication !y receiv$ f ! ,god :o upholds !m4 ,b he knew t ! fact ( a ,real ,visit to ,,?is ,,planet _h su* evid5ce to re/ ^u t x 0 n to be dispo/$ by any a]ial imag9ation40 ,let ?is noble & dev\t _s be 9 u3 bo? ,fai? & ,reason assur+ u1 t we /&1 9 ,scriptural ,tru?1 safe & immovable1 l a wise man1 :i* built 8 h\se ^u a rock4#acb ,,k+ ,,o?o ,,& ,,8 ,,classic ,,k+dom4 ,! actual condition ( ,greece is a disgrace to ! political civilisation ( ,europe4 ,!re is hope = ! ,o?oman ,empire1 = ! ,turks are s5sible t !y h mu* to le>n2 b = ! k+dom ( ,greece !re is no hope1 unless ! mod]n ,hell5es lay aside ! self-conceit :i* induces !m to boa/ ( _! sup]ior or?odoxy :5 ! "q relates to _! practical ignorance4 ,engli%m5 & ,russians1 despots & demagogues1 pr9ces & p1 ,europeans & ,am]icans1 all agree 9 pron\nc+ ,k+ ,o?o's k+dom a satire on mon>*ical in/itutions1 con/itutional legislation1 & c5tral adm9i/ration4 ,! val\r & patriotism display$ by ! ,albanians ( ,suli & ,hydra1 & by ! ,greeks ( ,messolonghi & ,ps>a1 7 ! !me ( well-m]it$ praise1 & 7 rew>d$ by lib]al gifts ( money & o!r supplies f ! fri5ds ( ,greece 9 ,g]many1 ,switz]l&1 ,france1 ,engl&1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,greece has great obligations to ! p ( ,we/]n ,europe1 :om %e n[ /igmatises z ho/ile ,lat9s4 ,x 0 ! voice ( ! p t mov$ ! ,cab9et ( ,london to take ! initiative 9 ! negotiations :i* caus$ ! battle ( ,nav>9o1 & conf]r$ on ,greece ! rank ( an indep5d5t k+dom by ! treaty ( #ahcb4 ,no political exp]im5t dur+ ! pres5t c5tury--fruitful z ! p]iod has be5 9 produc+ new ,/ates--excit$ high] expectations or w>m] wi%es = its success4 ,tw5ty-two ye>s h n[ elaps$ s9ce ,greece became a k+dom "u ! sceptre ( ,pr9ce ,o?o ( ,bav>ia4 ,he 0 !n a m9or1 & he 0 select$ to fill ! new ?rone m = 8 fa!r's m]its ?an f any promise ( sup]ior tal5t 9 8 own p]son4 ,k+ ,l\is ( ,bav>ia lov$ art1 & 8 want ( political capacity & milit>y p[] remov$ any feel+s ( jeal\sy on ! "p ( ! great] p[]s 9 ,europe to ! addition ?us made to ! dignity ( ! h\se ( ,wittelsba*4 ,k+ ,o?o 0 kn[n to be a y\? ( v mod]ate atta9m5ts2 b 8 natural defici5cies be+ =tunately unit$ to an amiable disposition1 x 0 expect$ t he w\ld prove a docile mon>*1 & li/5 to good c\nsellors4 ,x has prov$ o!rwise4 ,8 limit$ capacity has n be5 m rem>kable ?an 8 ob/9acy & p]v]s5ess 9 foll[+ a l9e ( policy :i* has inflict$ s]i\s injury on ,greece4 ,not)/&+ a natural love ( ju/ice1 & a good moral "*1 8 misgov]nm5t has deg5]at$ into corruption1 ?\gh x has n assum$ a "* ( sy/ematic tyranny4 ,on ! :ole1 8 incapacity to p]=m ! duties ( 8 /ation1 & 8 silly eag]ness to assume ! appe>ance ( be+ a despotic sov]eign1 :ile he 0 unable to make any use ( ! great] "p ( ! pr]ogatives will+ly conc$$ to him by 8 subjects1 h made him a v apt regal type ( ! an>*ical & rapaci\s nation he rules4 ,! result is1 t ! hopes ( ard5t ,philhell5es1 ! expectations ( en?usia/ic s*ol>s1 & ! wi%es ( cauti\s /atesm51 h all be5 utt]ly disappo9t$ by ! gov]nm5t ( ,k+ ,o?o4 ,m ?an ?is1 :ile ! ,k+ ( ,greece has %[n himself a bad mon>*1 ! ,greeks h display$ extreme ignorance 9 all _! attempts to supply 8 defici5cies4 ,in/ead ( sugge/+ bett] pr9ciples = 8 guidance1 !y h become ! /eady support]s ( 8 sy/em :5ev] he condesc5d$ to pur*ase _! support by places & p5sions4 ,x seems z if ! ,bav>ian mon>*y _h infus$ a morbid le?>gy into ,romaic society1 s rapidly has ! c5tral adm9i/ration ( ,a!ns qu5*$ ! f]v\r ( patriotism ?r\gh\t lib]at$ ,greece4 ,! ,albanian population has lo/ its val\r & p]sev]ance2 ! ,greek has sunk back into t normal condition ( rapaci\s imbecility :i* has *>act]is$ ! ,hell5ic race ev] s9ce ! "t ( ,mummius4 ,! revolution :i* fre$ ,greece f ! ,turki% yoke broke out e>ly 9 ! ye> #ahba1 s t ! inhabitants ( ! k+dom h n[ enjoy$ ! advantages ( political indep5d5ce = ?irty-?ree ye>s4 ,a g5]ation has gr[n up to manhood 9 possession ( a great] degree ( fre$om ?an is possess$ by mo/ ( ! cont95tal nations ( ,europe4 ,municipal in/itutions exi/$1 to "s ext5t1 "u ! ,turks1 & !y acquir$ consid]able importance dur+ ! revolution>y w>4 ,! fulle/ ex]cise ( ! lib]ty ( ! press has prevail$ ev] s9ce ! fir/ ye> ( ! revolution4 ,nor has ?is lib]ty be5 greatly abus$1 ?\gh x has (t5 be5 misus$--a circum/ance n to be wond]$ at 9 a c\ntry s torn by faction z ,greece has be5 ev] s9ce %e comm5c$ h] /ruggle = indep5d5ce4 ,?is fact mu/ be weigh$ aga9/ ! _m vices & corruptions ( ! ,greeks :i* x w be our task to notice1 = x af=ds decisive evid5ce t !re /ill exi/s among ! mass ( ! population a s\nd basis ( public op9ion4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( free & or?odox ,greece z an indep5d5t ,/ate1 "u ! protection ( ,great ,brita91 ,france1 & ,russia1 0 a conception ( ,george ,cann+'s g5ius1 & x receiv$ ! sanction ( ! ,duke ( ,well+ton4 ,aft] ,cann+'s dea?1 8 enemies made x a subject ( reproa*4 ,x is said t1 :5 8 /atue 0 erect$ 9 ,palace ,y>d1 a royal duke1 walk+ beside x ) ! late ,"l ,eldon1 began to p\r out a diatribe ( h>mless accusations aga9/ ! hon\r$ dead1 :i* he summ$ up1 say+1 8,he caus$ ! battle ( ,nav>91 ,eldon1 & he 0 n ne>ly s big z t /atue20 to :i* ! great ,"l ,*ancellor1 ^: pati5ce _h be5 long tri$1 exp&$ 8 bu%y eyebr[s1 & exclaim$1 8,no1 truly--nor s gre530 ! /atue be+ !n1 z "s ( our read]s may rememb]1 m rem>kable = ! v]dant col\r ( its pat5t v]digris ?an = its size4 ,:e!r ! battle ( ,nav>9 0 absolutely necess>y to save ,greece f ,ibrahim ,pa%a & 8 ,arabs1 may /ill admit ( dispute2 b unque/ionably x 0 ! battle ( ,nav>9 :i* did save ,greece4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! bus9ess ( select+ a k+1 & ( organis+ ! in/itutions ( a c5tral adm9i/ration on mon>*ical pr9ciples came to be p]=m$1 ! g5ius ( ,cann+ 0 repres5t$ by ! torpor ( ,ab]de51 & ! sagacity ( ,well+ton by ! bellig]5t am5ity ( ,palm]/on4 ,! ,russian sympa?ies ( ,capodi/rias succe$$ 9 delay+ ! f9al settlem5t ( ! ,greek "q1 ) ! hope ( plac+ ,greece 9 a /ate ( vassalage to ! ,cz>4 ,"l ,ab]de5 combat$ ! policy ( ! ,corfiote feebly & unsuccessfully4 ,he b>ely succe$$ 9 prev5t+ ! execution ( ! ,russian s*emes1 :5 ! dagg] ( ,mavromi*alis op5$ ! way = mak+ ,greece an indep5d5t k+dom by ! assass9ation ( ,capodi/rias4 ,! only c&idate wor?y ( ! ?rone ( ,greece 0 ,leopold ( ,saxe-,cob\rg1 ! pres5t ,k+ ( ,belgium4 ,he 0 compell$ to resign 8 pret5sions on acc\nt ( ! mutilat$ =m ( ! t]ritory (f]$ to him by ,"l ,ab]de5 & ! ,duke ( ,well+ton4 ,"l ,palm]/on improv$ ! t]ritorial position ( ,greece by giv+ x a bett] fronti] ?an ,"l ,ab]de51 b x rema9$ /ill a v bad "o1 z ,colonel ,leake po9t$ out at ! "t4 ,9 #ahcb1 moreov]1 ,"l ,palm]/on adm9i/]$ 8 antidote to an improv$ fronti]1 9 ! %ape ( a ,bav>ian pr9ce1 :om1 = "s ye>s1 he support$ ) 8 usual vig\r & contempt ( consequ5ces4 ,k+ ,o?o be+ a m9or1 a reg5cy accompani$ him f ,bav>ia to ,greece 9 #ahcc1 to gov]n 9 8 "n4 ,?is reg5cy consi/$ ( ?ree /atesm5 ( purbl9d views--m5 ( ! limit$ political intellig5ce :i* di/+ui%es ! arti/ic city ( ,muni*4 ,yet ,"l ,palm]/on1 9 conc]t ) ! o!r protect+ p[]s1 cons5t$ to /rangle ! ,greek ,*amb]s1 9 ord] to ve/ unlimit$ p[] 9 ! h&s ( ^! ,bav>ian reg5ts4 ,c\nt ,armansp]g 0 *os5 to d ! hon\rs1 ,m4 ,maur] 0 intru/$ ) ! duty ( organis+ ! civil adm9i/ration1 & ,g5]al ,heideck 0 all[$ to sket* uni=ms = ! ,greek army1 & in/ruct$ to pa9t pictures = ! cab9et ( ,k+ ,l\is4 ,^! ?ree /atesm5 soon qu>rell$ among !mselves1 &1 ) ,teutonic bonhomie1 call$ 9 ! ,greeks z spectators ( _! conte/s4 ,! =eign policy ( ! reg5cy 0 q z ill-judg$ z _! dome/ic behavi\r4 ,m4 ,maur]1 :o got ! upp] h& = a ye>1 0 ultra-,gallican2 ,c\nt ,armansp]g1 :o at la/ succe$$ 9 gett+ him %ipp$ (f to ,bav>ia1 0 ultra-,anglican4 ,! follies ( ! reg5cy1 h[ev]1 did n prev5t ! ?ree protect+ p[]s f heap+ b5efits on ! ,greek nation4 ,a l>ge loan1 am\nt+ to two million f\r hundr$ ?\s& p\nds1 0 plac$ at ! disposal ( ! ,royal gov]nm5t4 ,! object :i* ! protectors ( ,greece _h 9 view1 0 to remove any difficulties :i* ! f9ances ( ,greece might h (f]$ to a re=m 9 ! g5]al sy/em ( taxation1 & at ! same "t to af=d facilities = imm$iately comm5c+ ! con/ruction ( roads1 & o!r necess>y improvem5ts4 ,! ,greek treasury 0 r5d]$ completely indep5d5t ( ! receipts ( ! annual rev5ues = ! p]iod necess>y to effect a ?or\gh reorganisation ( e bran* ( ! public s]vice1 civil1 milit>y1 naval1 & judicial4 ,greece _h ev]y?+ done = h] :i* h] fri5ds c\ld desire4 ,b ! ,greeks1 in/ead ( employ+ _! en]gies1 & mak+ use ( ! lib]ty ( ! press to re/ra9 ! ,bav>ians f wa/+ ! loan1 aid$ !m to dissipate x 9 e way by :i* !y c\ld pr(it4 ,! :ole =ce ( public op9ion1 x is true1 0 employ$ 9 driv+ ! ,bav>ians f pr(itable employm5ts2 b :5 success att5d$ ! clam\rs ( ! ,greeks1 in/ead ( aboli%+ ! (fices :i* !y _h previ\sly decl>$ to be useless1 !y in/all$ !mselves 9 ! vacant places1 & employ$ ! influ5ce ?us acquir$ to dim9i% ev5 ! scanty sum devot$ to national improvem5ts by ! ,bav>ians4 ,accord+ly1 we f9d t ! ,bav>ians did z mu* = improv+ ,greece dur+ _! %ort p]iod ( p[]1 z ! ,greeks dur+ _! long subsequ5t adm9i/ration4 ,yet e travell] he>s ! ,greeks con/antly decl>+ t all ! evils 9 ! c\ntry are caus$ by =eign int]f]5ce4 ,! only tru? 9 _! obs]vation is1 t !y 7 & are utt]ly unfit to be tru/$ ) ! adm9i/ration ( any money beyond :at !y levy on !mselves 9 ! way ( taxation4 ,no?+1 inde$1 %[s ! moral obliquity ( ! ,greeks m ?an ! +ratitude ) :i* !y receive e public & private gift4 ,we consid] t +ratitude a suffici5t excuse = recapitulat+ "s ( ! fav\rs :i* ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t has conf]r$ on !m s9ce ,o?o ! belov$ asc5d$ ! ,hell5ic ?rone4 ,no?+ b ! bl9de/ self-conceit1 or ! blacke/ +ratitude1 c prev5t _! ackn[l$g+ t ! ,engli% ,cab9et has done inf9itely m = advanc+ ! comm]cial prosp]ity & ext5d+ ! agricultural indu/ry ( ,greece1 ?an ,k+ ,o?o's m9i/]s or ! ,greek ,*amb]s4 ,! p]sonal int]e/ :i* sev]al memb]s ( our ,gov]nm5t took 9 ! success ( ! k+dom !y _h contribut$ to f\nd1 induc$ !m to conclude a reciprocity treaty ) ! ,k+'s gov]nm5t at an e>ly p]iod4 ,to ! same feel+ we may ascribe ! e>ly repeal ( ! duty on currants import$ into ! ,briti% dom9ions f ! ,greek k+dom4 ,?is *ange ( duty1 by plac+ ! currants1 a mo/ important product ( ! ,morea1 on ! same foot+ z ^? ( ,zante1 0 a direct boon to ! currant-gr[]s ( ,a*aia1 a b\nty on ! cultivation ( fruit 9 ! ,greek k+dom1 a premium to comm]ce at ,patras1 & a consid]able gift to ,k+ ,o?o's treasury4 ,"l ,palm]/on 0 ,=eign ,secret>y dur+ ^! *anges1 & we !re=e reque/ ! public writ]s at ,a!ns1 :5 !y ?9k fit to reproa* him = qu>rell+ ) _! belov$ mon>*1 :om !y believe is ev] ready to sacrifice 8 ?rone = _! or?odoxy1 to be> 9 m9d t ^! measures h done m = ! agricultural & comm]cial prosp]ity ( ,greece1 ?an any :i* ,k+ ,o?o or ! ,greek ,*amb]s h adopt$ s9ce !y fre$ !mselves f =eign dom9ation4 ,= ne>ly five ye>s--t is1 f ! beg9n+ ( #ahcc to ! end ( #ahcg--! ,bav>ians cont9u$ to wa/e ! loan grant$ by ! ?ree p[]s1 p>tly 9 l>ge sal>ies to !mselves1 & p>tly 9 creat+ places & jobs = ! ,greeks1 to induce ! mo/ influ5tial & clamor\s to cons5t to _! mode ( dissipat+ ! public money4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 !re c be no d\bt t ,greece receiv$ "s p]man5t b5efit f ! reg5cy4 ,! ,greeks 7 n 9 a condition to e/abli% an equitable sy/em ( laws4 ,m4 ,maur] end[$ ! c\ntry ) ?is invaluable boon4 ,to him ,greece owes its excell5t judicial organisation1 & its code ( civil proc$ure4 ,:atev] 7 ! defects ( ,m4 ,maur] z a /atesman1 he 0 an able legislator1 practically conv]sant ) e detail ( legal adm9i/ration4 ,! judicial sy/em he plant$ 9 ,greece 0 s complete 9 all its p>ts1 t x has become an elem5t 9 ! political civilisation ( ! k+dom2 & x af=ds ! /ronge/ gr\nds ( hope to ^? :o look =w>d to ! ,greek nation z ! in/rum5t = ext5d+ political civilisation 9 ! ,ea/4 ,c\nt ,armansp]g gov]n$ ,greece mu* long] ?an ,m4 ,maur]1 b 8 improvem5ts 7 n s b5eficial4 ,he made c\rt balls & political brib]y national in/itutions4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! ,bav>ian dom9ation1 a well-fill$ treasury1 a numb] ( =eign (fic]s & native c\ncillors ( /ate1 political sycophants1 dress$ 9 h&some uni=ms & speak+ good ,fr5*1 a hir$ press1 & a lib]al di/ribution ( ,k+ ,o?o's ,ord] ( ! ,r$eem] ( ,greece1 ) its ribbon & />1 to =eign diplomati/s & ,engli% pe]s1 conceal$ f ,we/]n ,europe ! discont5t1 civil w>s1 & brig&age t f]m5t$ 9 ! little k+dom4 ,! b&s ( robb]s t infe/$ ,greece dur+ ?is p]iod became s num]\s z to give _! sy/em ( plund] ! "* ( a civil w>4 ,9 ! ye> #ahce1 dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,c\nt ,armansp]g1 a body ( ab\t #ejj brig&s rema9$ = m ?an a mon? levy+ contributions "u ! walls ( ,lepanto1 9 :i* x kept ! g>rison blockad$ until reliev$ by a g5]al f ,a!ns ) a /rong deta*m5t ( ,bav>ian & ,greek regul> troops4 ,^! arm$ b&s repeat$ly resi/$ ! c5tral gov]nm5t1 :i* drew all ! money ( ! c\ntry to ! capital )\t mak+ any improvem5ts 9 ! prov9ces4 ,sev]al =eign (fic]s 7 *>g$ ) ! task ( re-e/abli%+ ord]4 ,g5]als ,s*maltz1 ,gordon1 & ,*ur*1 ea* made a campaign aga9/ ! brig&s1 :o r5d]$ ,mess5ia1 ,etolia1 ,ac>nania1 ,doris1 & ,ph?iotis 9 turns ! sc5e ( _! skirmi%es ) ,k+ ,o?o's troops4 ,besides ?is ext5sive sy/em ( brig&age1 a regul> civil w> 0 caus$ 9 ,ma9a by ! same c5tral rapacity & want ( judgm5t on ! "p ( ! ,reg5cy4 ,9 ,ma9a1 ! ,bav>ian troops 7 defeat$1 & a consid]able numb] 7 compell$ to lay d[n _! arms4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! ,bav>ian dom9ation1 ! ,greeks enjoy$ ! lib]ty ( ! press4 ,m4 ,maur] plac$ ! newspap]s "u "s reasonable re/ra9ts1 & ,c\nt ,armansp]g made "o or two feeble demon/rations aga9/ !m1 = he 0 timid 9 ev]y?+ b empty+ ! ,greek treasury4 ,8 attacks 7 easily repuls$1 & ! ,greeks h ! hon\r ( reta9+ ! lib]ty ( ! press by _! own ex]tions1 ?\gh !y h hi!rto n r5d]$ ! privilege ( mu* use to ! nation4 ,at l5g?1 9 ! mon? ( ,decemb] #ahcg1 ! ,*evali] ,rudh>t1 ! la/ ,bav>ian prime-m9i/]1 resign$ 8 (fice1 & f t "t ,k+ ,o?o has gov]n$ 8 k+dom ) ,greek or ,albanian prime-m9i/]s4 ,?is (fice has be5 m ?an once held by m5 :o c\ld h>dly read or write2 b ! individuals h inv>iably be5 p]sons ( "s m>k 9 ! factions t divide ! place-hunt]s ( ,a!ns4 ,! ignorance & want ( education ( 8 m9i/]s1 :i* is (t5 made a reproa* to ,k+ ,o?o1 ought to be consid]$ z a national disgrace1 = ! c\rt w\ld nev] h select$ m5 s de/itute ( adm9i/rative k1 _h !y n possess$ consid]able influ5ce & a num]\s foll[+4 ,ev] s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ! ye> #ahch1 ! ,greeks h possess$ a pr$om9ant influ5ce 9 ,k+ ,o?o's cab9et4 ,!y are entirely responsible = ! faults ( 8 gov]nm5t f t "t2 = if ! ,greek m9i/]s _h us$ _! p[] ) a v little hone/y1 & "o s+le gra9 ( patriotism1 !y might h reta9$ ! direction ( ! int]nal adm9i/ration 9 _! own h&s1 & effect$ e improvem5t ! nation c\ld desire4 ,inde$1 if !y _h ev] %[n a wi% to improve ! mat]ial condition ( ! population1 x is probable ,k+ ,o?o w\ld h giv5 !m 8 support 9 _! endeav\rs4 ,b :5 ! ,k+ saw !m int5t only on pr(it+ by (fice to enri* !mselves & create places = _! p>tisans1 9 ord] to p]petuate _! t5ure ( (fice1 he v naturally look$ ab\t = means to =m a royal p>ty1 & ?us r5d] ! c\rt indep5d5t ( ! m9i/]s4 ,we %all soon expla9 to our read]s h[ effectually 8 ,hell5ic ,maje/y accompli%$ ?is object4 ,! ,greek m9i/]s nev] made any s]i\s ef=t to dim9i% ! weight ( taxation1 ei!r by economy or by improv+ ! b>b>\s mann] 9 :i* ! agricultural taxes are collect$2 !y ?\ght only ( appropriat+ ! national l&s1 & creat+ new places to rew>d _! support]s4 ,in/ead ( e/abli%+ sy/ematic regulations = secur+ a respect to s5iority & m]it 9 civil1 judicial1 & milit>y appo9tm5ts1 !y de/roy$ ! sy/em ! ,bav>ians _h e/abli%$1 & dispos$ ( ! highe/ (fices 9 ! mo/ arbitr>y & unpr9cipl$ mann]4 ,judges h be5 appo9t$ 9 violation ( ! law1 & m5 h be5 made g5]als :o _h nev] s]v$ 9 a milit>y capacity4 ,wor?less politicians & intrigu+ secret>ies 7 decorat$ ) milit>y titles 9 ord] to enri* !m ) high pay4 ,^! m5 may be se5 at ! balls 9 ,k+ ,o?o's palace1 flaunt+ 9 vulg> embroid]y1 & imitat+ ) ,greek p]tness ! sumptu\s ,albanian dress & ,mussulman gravity ( ! *iefs :o fill$ ! halls ( ,ali ,pa%a ( ,joann9a4 ,! ,greeks alone h enjoy$ ! pr(its ( ! corruption :i* has reign$ 9 ! adm9i/ration s9ce ! ye> #ahch2 !y are consequ5tly n entitl$ to ?r[ ! blame on =eign]s4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! misconduct ( ! ,greek m9i/]s & ! s]vility ( a c\ncil ( /ate fill$ ) (ficial sycophants1 ! ,greek gov]nm5t became su* a sc5e ( corruption t ! pati5ce ( all ranks 0 exhau/$1 & an attempt 0 made to re=m ! vici\s sy/em by a revolution 9 ! ye> #ahdc4 ,a repres5tative *amb] & an imitation ( ,l\is ,philippe's s5ate ( (ficials1 call$ 9 ,france a ,h\se ( ,pe]s1 7 con/itut$4 ,! deputies 7 *os5 by univ]sal suffrage1 b ! election ( ! municipal au?orities 0 left subject to ! olig>*ical re/rictions impos$ by ! ,reg5cy4 ,t5 ye>s h n[ elaps$ s9ce ! con/itutional sy/em 0 e/abli%$1 s t = t5 ye>s ! ,greeks h made _! own laws & vot$ _! own budgets4 ,at ! same "t1 ! enjoym5t ( ! fulle/ lib]ty ( ! press1 & ! exi/5ce ( sixte5 newspap]s at ,a!ns1 h enabl$ e p>ty & class to criticise ! acts ( ! gov]nm5t ) unre/ra9$ lic5se4 ,if corruption & v5ality h be5 ! lead+ features ( political society 9 ,greece dur+ ?is p]iod1 x is evid5t t ! nation has be5 a p>ty to ! abuses1 f its refusal to puni% ! (f5d]s4 ,! mass ( ^? ^: sup]ior k & rank h obta9$ = !m ! direction ( public op9ion 9 political matt]s1 h sacrific$ ! int]e/s ( ! nation to advance _! own p]sonal s*emes ( pr(it4 ,! ,greeks ought n to feel surpris$ at ! l[ e/imation 9 :i* !y are n[ held4 ,x is entirely _! own fault4 ,!y h hawk$ ab\t _! nationality at ,muni*1 ,p>is1 & ,/ ,pet]sburg1 = illicit ga9s 9 a fall+ m>ket at a v unpatriotic price4 ,yet we collect f ! newspap]s publi%$ at ,a!ns1 t a consid]able numb] ( well-educat$ m5 ( all p>ties1 :ile !y ackn[l$ge ! degrad$ /ate ( _! c\ntry1 ass]t t ! :ole blame ought to be ascrib$ to ! ?ree protect+ p[]s4 ,_m ( ^! patriots1 x seems1 are nev]!less 9 ! receipt ( l>ge sal>ies f ! public treasury2 yet1 ?\gh !y feel t !y are !mselves de/itute ( ! patriotism necess>y to light5 ! burd5s ( _! c\ntry1 !y take ! lib]ty ( suppos+ t ,"l ,palm]/on _h ! p[] ( mak+ all ,greeks hone/ m5 by ! magic ( a protocol4 ,we are n go+ to wa/e ! "t ( our read]s1 z ! ,greek ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives h wa/$ ! res\rces ( ! c\ntry1 by expos+ ! *ildi%ness ( mod]n ,greek political logic4 ,if ! desc5dants ( ,lucian's contempor>ies c f9d relief 9 _! pres5t degradation1 by swall[+ any dose ( vanity !y c mix = !mselves1 we h no wi% to deprive !m ( ! solace4 ,b we _c refra9 f advis+ !m to try "s o!r rem$y to remove ! evils t are und]m9+ ! national /r5g? & "*4 ,in/ead ( seek+ = apologies to excuse _! vices1 !y _h bett] comm5ce re=m+ _! vici\s habits4 ,no?+ has s mu* ret>d$ ! progress ( ! ,greek race z ! inconceivable vanity & unb\nd$ presumption ( ! class :o make lett]s a pr(ession4 ,^? :o believe 9 ! unmix$ purity ( ! ,hell5ic blood might cite ?is besott$ pride1 aft] two ?\s& ye>s ( national degradation1 z a pro( t ! ,greeks ( ! pres5t day are l9eal desc5dants ( ^? :o sold _! c\ntry to ! ,mac$onians & ! ,romans1 z !y h lately attempt$ to sell x to ! ,russians4 ,an admixture ( =eign blood w\ld probably h infus$ into ! p a wi% to look =w>d to a glori\s future1 in/ead ( leav+ !m to gaze at a reflection ( ! pa/1 di/ort$ by _! own s5ile visual orbits1 at mom5ts :5 action1 n contemplation1 is _! bus9ess4 ,! /range mann] 9 :i* ! mod]n ,greeks misrepres5t hi/ory = ! gratification ( _! national vanity1 is well display$ 9 _! ecclesia/ical hi/ory4 ,we w select "o anecdote f ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,patri>*s ( ,con/ant9ople1 writt5 by ,malaxos1 "o ( ! ,greek logiotati ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,8 "w 0 fir/ publi%$ by ,m>t9 ,crusius 9 8 ,turco-,grcia1 & has lately be5 repr9t$ 9 ! new edition ( ! ,byzant9e hi/orians1 9 ! c\rse ( publication at ,bonn4 ,! ,greeks are 9 ! habit ( boa/+ t _! ,*ur* pres]v$ _! nationality "u ! ,turks4 ,consid]+ ! subs]vi5cy ( ! great body ( ! ,greek cl]gy dur+ t p]iod1 & ! read9ess ) :i* !y act$ z spies & policem5 = ! ,o?oman gov]nm5t1 we own t we ent]ta9 a v diff]5t op9ion4 ,we ?9k x w\ld be ne>] ! tru? to ass]t t ! p1 hav+ p]petuat$ _! exi/5ce by ! tol]ation ( _! conqu]ors1 pres]v$ _! nationality by _! municipal organisation1 & t ?is pres]vation ( _! nationality 0 ! cause ( _! ecclesia/ical e/abli%m5t surviv+4 ,mohamm$ ,,ii4 recon/itut$ ! patri>*ate ( ,con/ant9ople1 aft] he _h conqu]$ ! city1 m]ely z a bran* ( ! ,o?oman adm9i/ration4 ,mr ,masson & o!r en?usia/s fancy !y c disc]n ,presbyt]ian doctr9es 9 ! ,greek ,*ur*4 ,x may be ! case4 ,we h he>d t *emi/s f9d gold 9 /rawb]ries2 b ! gold r>ely sits heavy on ! /oma*s ( ^? :o eat /rawb]ries1 & we op9e t ! ,presbyt]ian doctr9es ( ! ,greek ,*ur* nev] prev5t its vot>ies f wor%ipp+ images4 ,s1 9 ! anecdote we are go+ to extract f ! ,patri>*al ,hi/ory1 we f9d t ! ,greeks reg>d violations ( tru? & hon\r z v5ial (f5ces1 if n absolutely m]itori\s acts1 :5ev] !y are suppos$ to h turn$ to ! pr(it ( _! ecclesia/ical e/abli%m5t4 8,dur+ ! reign ( ! ,sultan ,suleiman ! ,magnific5t1 :5 ,t\lphi ,pa%a 0 gr& vizi]1#acc ! att5tion ( ! ,sublime ,porte 0 call$ to ! circum/ance t ! duty ( ! caliph ( ! ,mohamm$an fai? requir$ ! de/ruction ( all places ( wor%ip belong+ to ,infidels 9 e city :i* ! true believ]s _h tak5 ) ! sword4 ,n[1 z ,mohamm$ ,,ii4 _h tak5 ,con/ant9ople by /orm1 x 0 ! sultan's duty to de/roy all ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es )9 ! walls2 & all ! plagues & fires :i* _h desolat$ ! city1 & :i*1 x 0 obs]v$1 g5]ally consum$ m ,turki% ?an ,greek prop]ty1 evid5tly arose f ! ,div9e ang] at ! neglect ( ?is important comm& ( ! ,prophet4 ,sultan ,suleiman 0 said to h consult$ ! mufti on ! necessity ( only tol]at+ places ( wor%ip = ! ,*ri/ians )\t ! walls2 & x 0 believ$ t ! mufti _h deliv]$ a fetva1 au?oris+ ! de/ruction ( all ! ,greek *ur*es 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,sultan ,suleiman !n issu$ an ord] to 8 gr& vizi]1 comm&+ him to c>ry ! fetva into execution4 ,at ?is "t ,j]emiah 0 patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople4 8,! patri>* he>d ! report1 &1 t]rifi$ at ! news1 m\nt$ 8 mule1 & ha/5$ to ! palace ( ! gr& vizi]1 :o receiv$ him ) k9dness4 ,! two dignit>ies discuss$ ! matt] ( ! sultan's ord]1 & conc]t$ toge!r a mode ( evad+ its execution4 ,a meet+ ( ! divan 0 held1 at :i* ! gr& vizi] made a public communication ( ! imp]ial decree to ! patri>* ,j]emiah4 ,b ! head ( ! ,greek ,*ur* gravely obs]v$1 t ! circum/ances ( ! mufti's fetva 7 n applicable to ! city ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,he decl>$ t be=e ,mohamm$ ,,ii4 ent]$ ,con/ant9ople1 ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 f9d+ ! place no long] t5able1 _h gone out ( ! city & pres5t$ ! keys to ! ,sultan1 :o _h admitt$ him to d homage z a subject = himself & ! ,greek p1 be=e ! gates 7 ?r[n op5 to admit ! conqu]or4 ,on ?is gr\nd he plead$ t all ! concessions made by ,mohamm$ ,,ii4 to ! patri>*s & to ! ,greek ,*ur* 7 lawful4 ,well might all ! memb]s ( ! divan wond] at ?is /range tale conc]n+ ! conque/ ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,b _m _h receiv$ l>ge pres5ts f ! patri>*1 & _m wait$ to he> ! op9ion ( ! gr& vizi] be=e pret5d+ to d\bt its accuracy4 ,! gr& vizi] decl>$ t ! "q 0 s important t x w\ld be prop] to adj\rn ! bus9ess to a gr& divan on ! foll[+ day4 8,! report hav+ spread among ! :ole population ( ,con/ant9ople1 t ! ,gov]nm5t int5d$ to de/roy all ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 e class ( society 0 9 movem5t4 ,long be=e ! meet+ ( ! divan1 cr[ds ( ,turks1 ,greeks1 ,arm5ians1 & ,jews assembl$ at ! ,porte to he> ! result ( ! delib]ation4 ,! :ole space f ! gate ( ! s]ai to ! c\rt ( ,/ ,sophia's 0 fill$ ) ! multitude4 ,! ,patri>* ,j]emiah 0 wait+ to be admitt$ to ! divan1 & soon aft] ! memb]s _h tak5 _! places he 0 summon$ to ent]4 ,:5 he rea*$ ! c5tre ( ! hall1 he made 8 pro/rations to ! assembl$ vizi]s1 & !n1 /&+ erect1 decl>$ himself ready to answ] = 8 *ur*4 ,all admir$ ! dignity ( 8 pres5ce4 ,8 :ite be>d desc5d$ on 8 brea/1 & ! sweat fell 9 l>ge drops f 8 =ehead4 ,! ,greeks decl>$ t he emulat$ ! passion ( ,*ri/1 ( ^: or?odox *ur* he 0 ! repres5tative on e>?4 ,! ar*onts ( ! ,greek nation /ood trembl+ beside him4 8,at l5g? ! gr& vizi] spoke4 #8,patri>* ( ! ,greeks1 a fetva ( our law has be5 deliv]$1 & an ord] ( ! padi%ah has be5 issu$1 prohibit+ ! exi/5ce ( any *ur* 9 ! cities :i* ! true believ]s h conqu]$ sword 9 h&4 ,?is city 0 tak5 by /orm by ! great ,sultan ,mohamm$ ! conqu]or4 ,!re=e1 let y\r prie/s remove all _! prop]ty f ! *ur*es 9 _! possession1 &1 aft] %utt+ !m up1 deliv] ! keys to our ma/]'s (fic]s1 t ! *ur*es may be de/roy$4' ,to ?is summons ! patri>* repli$ 9 a di/9ct voice1 #8,i _c answ]1 ,o gr& vizi]6 = :at happ5$ 9 o!r cities2 b ) reg>d to ?is city ( ,con/ant9ople ,i c solemnly affirm t ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e ,palaiologos1 ) ! nobles1 ! cl]gy1 & ! p1 surr5d]$ x volunt>ily to ! ,sultan ,mohamm$4' ,! gr& vizi] caution$ ! patri>* n to ass]t any?+ :i* he c\ld n prove by ! te/imony ( ,mohamm$an witnesses1 :o 7 able to c]tify ! tru? ( :at he said4 ,! patri>* imm$iately engag$ to produce witnesses1 & ! affair 0 adj\rn$ = tw5ty days4 8,! ,greeks 7 9 great al>m4 ,ev]ybody knew t ! patri>* _h engag$ to prove a lie2 s t ! only hope ( safety appe>$ to be 9 ! p]petual adj\rnm5t ( ! "q4 ,to effect ?is1 ! weal?ie/ ,greeks--,phan>iotes & m]*ants--(f]$ to supply ! patri>* ) ! sums ( money necess>y to bribe ! gr& vizi] & ! memb]s ( ! divan4 8,b ! ,patri>* ,j]emiah & ! gr& vizi] ,t\lphi did n wi% to admit any /rang]s into ! secret ( _! proce$+s4 ,s ! patri>* s5t m5 ( exp]i5ce to ,adrianople1 :o met ag5ts ( ! gr& vizi]1 & at la/ two ag$ ,mussulmans 7 f\nd :o 7 will+ = a l>ge bribe to te/ify t ! patri>* _h spok5 ! tru?4 ,^! witnesses 7 conduct$ to ,con/ant9ople1 & pres5t$ to ! ,patri>* ,j]emiah1 :o embrac$ !m1 & took c>e t !y %\ld be well f$1 lodg$1 clo!d1 & c>efully wat*$1 until !y appe>$ be=e ! divan4 ,:5 !y _h re/$ f ! fatigues ( _! j\rney1 !y 7 conduct$ to ! gr& vizi]1 :o spoke k9dly to !m1 told !m ! patri>* 0 8 fri5d1 & exhort$ !m to give _! evid5ce )\t fe>4 8,on ! day appo9t$ to he> ! evid5ce1 ! ,patri>* ,j]emiah pres5t$ himself be=e ! divan4 ,! gr& vizi] ask$ if he 0 prep>$ to produce ! evid5ce he _h promis$1 & ! ,patri>* repli$ t ! witnesses 7 wait+ )\t to be exam9$4 8,two ag$ ,turks 7 n[ conduct$ into ! hall4 ,_! be>ds 7 :ite z ! pure/ sn[1 r$ circles surr\nd$ _! eyes1 f :i* ! te>s fell incessantly1 :ile _! h&s & feet mov$ ) a cont9ual tremor4 ,! vizi]s gaz$ at !m ) a/oni%m5t1 = two m5 s f> advanc$ 9 ye>s _h nev] be5 se5 be=e on e>? /&+ side by side4 ,!y look$ l two bro!rs :om dea? _h =gott54 ,! gr& vizi] ask$ _! names1 & enc\rag$ !m by mak+ "s o!r inquiries4 ,!y repli$ t !y 7 bo? ab\t eighte5 ye>s ( age :5 ,con/ant9ople 0 tak5 by ! ,sultan ,mohamm$ ! victori\s4 ,s9ce t "t !y knew t eighty-f\r ye>s _h elaps$1 & !re=e !y 7 aw>e t !y _h rea*$ ! age ( a hundr$ & two4 ,!y !n gave ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! conque/ ( ,con/ant9ople3-- 8,! siege 0 =m$ by l& & sea1 & long & bloody engagem5ts took place1 b at la/ sev]al brea*es 7 made 9 ! walls1 & x 0 evid5t t ! place w\ld soon be tak54 ,prep>ations 7 mak+ = a f9al assault1 :5 ! ,emp]or ( ! ,greeks s5t a deputation ( 8 nobles to ! sultan to dem& a capitulation4 ,! sultan1 wi%+ to save ! city f de/ruction1 & to sp>e ! blood ( ! true believ]s1 grant$ ! infidels ! foll[+ t]ms ( capitulation1 :i* ! witnesses pret5d$ to rememb] ) accuracy1 because a copy _h be5 publicly sign$ by ! sultan & read al\d to ! troops3 #8,i1 ! ,sultan ,mohamm$1 p>don ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e & ! ,greeks1 & grant _! petition to become my subjects1 & live 9 peace "u my protection4 ,i all[ ! nobles to reta9 _! slaves & prop]ty1 & ,i decl>e t ! p %all live free f all illegal exactions1 & t _! *ildr5 %all n be tak5 to be enroll$ 9 ! corps ( janiss>ies4#acd ,?is *>t] %all be b9d+ on me & my successors = ev]4' ,) ?is *>t] ! ,greek deputation return$ to ! emp]or1 :o came out imm$iately1 & fall+ on 8 knees be=e ,mohamm$ ! ,second1 pres5t$ to him ! keys ( ! city4 ,! sultan !n rais$ ,con/ant9e1 kiss$ him1 & made him sit d[n on 8 "r h&4 ,= ?ree days ! two pr9ces rejoic$ toge!r1 & !n ! emp]or l$ ! sultan into ! city4 8,z soon z ! memb]s ( ! divan he>d ?is acc\nt ( ! tak+ ( ,con/ant9ople f ! two old m5 :o _h witness$ ! ev5ts1 !y drew up a report & transmitt$ x to ,sultan ,suleiman4 ,! sultan1 conv9c$ t ev]y?+ mu/ h happ5$ z ! old ,mussulmans depos$1 imm$iately ord]$ t ! ,*ri/ians %\ld be all[$ to reta9 possession ( _! *ur*es1 & t no man %\ld mole/ ! patri>* ( ! ,greeks "u any pretext40 ,n[1 ! :ole ( ?is tale is an absurd =g]y4 ,moreov]1 ! ignorance ( ! ,greeks :o fram$ x is ev5 m extraord9>y ?an _! utt] disreg>d = tru?4 ,! accompli%$ sultan1 ,suleiman ! ,magnific5t1 & ! le>n$ gr& vizi]1 ,l\fti ,pa%a1 are repres5t$ z /upid ,turks1 de/itute ( all k ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,o?oman ,empire4 ,greek vanity is flatt]$ by an exhibition ( ! way 9 :i* ,romaic g5ius nullifies ! p[] ( ! padi%ah1 by avail+ itself ( ! corruption 9 ! ,turki% adm9i/ration4 ,b ! /range/ feature 9 ! fable is ! moral obtus5ess ( ! ,hell5ic m9d1 :i* solicits admiration = ! frauds & falsehoods ( _! patri>*4 ,! inv5tor ( ! tale _h 9 all probability he>d t ,l\fti ,pa%a 0 an ,albanian by bir?1 b 0 ignorant ( ! fact t he 0 a man ( le>n+4 ,he c\ld n h kn[n t1 :5 9 exile at ,demotika1 ,l\fti wrote a hi/ory ( ! ,o?oman ,empire1 :i* is /ill pres]v$4 ,inde$1 a comp>ison ( ! fl\ri%+ /ate ( ,turki% lit]ature ) ! degrad$ condition ( ,greek lit]ature 9 ! sixte5? c5tury contra/s 9 a s+ul> mann] ) ! contempt display$ by ! ,greeks 9 _! illit]ate records = ! accompli%$ & w>like ,o?omans4 ,b ! ,greeks h always view$ ! hi/ory ( o!r nations ?r\gh a mi/ ( prejudices :i* has bewild]$ !mselves f> m ?an _! enemies4 ,?is anecdote pres5ts a fai?ful picture ( ! ,hell5ic m9d1 & ( ,greek political & hi/orical k1 ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,we %all n[ endeav\r to place be=e our read]s an equally correct picture ( _! mode ( ?9k+ & act+ at pres5t4 ,! con/itutional sy/em ( gov]nm5t has prov$ z complete a failure 9 ,greece z ! absolute mon>*y :i* t]m9at$ at ! revolution ( #ahdc4 ,our description ( ! actual condition ( ! c\ntry w expla9 ! p>ticul> causes :i* h corrupt$ ! repres5tative sy/em & ! c5tral adm9i/ration4 ,! c\rt ( ,k+ ,o?o is really q z mu* ! pr$om9ant feature 9 ! political condition ( ,greece z 8 palace is 9 ! l&scape at ,a!ns4 ,bo? are great de=mities 9 sc5es ( great int]e/4 ,!re is a grotesque mimicry ( royal /ate at ! mon/] palace ( ! little capital ( lib]at$ ,greece4 ,a m>%al ( ! palace & a ma/] ( ! c]emonies1 a gr&matresse1 milit>y & naval aides-de-camp1 ord9ance (fic]s1 ladies ( hon\r1 & "y ladies-9-wait+1 c\rti]s :o _c write1 & c\rti]s :o _c ride2 c\rt c>riages 9 a k+dom )\t mail-coa*es2 royal /eam-ya*ts1 b no packets ev5 ) o>s2 crosses1 ribbons1 & />s2 sal>ies1 places1 & p5sions2--ev]y?+ :i* ru9s a gov]nm5t1 & no?+ :i* enri*es a p4 ,! p[] ( ! cr[n is great4 ,x is support$ by a civil li/ ( "o million ( dra*mas annually1 9 a /ate :i* has a net rev5ue ( twelve4 ,! enorm\s am\nt ( ?is civil li/ may be e/imat$ f ! facts1 t ! sal>ies ( ! ,greek m9i/]s are only twelve ?\s& dra*mas a ye>1 & ( ! ,greek s5ators only six ?\s&4 ,besides ! influ5ce :i* ?is exorbitant weal? conf]s on ! mon>*1 he possesses /ill great] social influ5ce1 = ! :ole ( ! upp] classes at ,a!ns consi/ ( paid (ficials1 e "o ( :om is liable to lose 8 place at a ^w f ,k+ ,o?o1 :o1 ) v little ex]tion on ! "p ( t royal memory on :i* k+s pride !mselves1 may recollect e man :o resides at 8 capital qualifi$ to ent] 8 palace4 ,! desire ( ,k+ ,o?o to ext5d 8 p]sonal influ5ce1 & c5tralise p[] 9 8 own h&s1 is s great1 t e individual :o receives a public appo9tm5t1 h[ev] insignificant1 :e!r at ,a!ns or 9 ! prov9ces1 is compell$ to wait on 8 maje/y to ?ank him = ! fav\r1 :i* he naturally pret5ds to consid] z a rew>d = 8 atta*m5t to ! royal ,bav>ian1 n z a rew>d = 8 s]vices to ,greece4 ,k+ ,o?o has be5 an apt pupil ( ,l\is ,philippe 9 ! political corruption t r5d]s ! con/itutional sy/em subs]vi5t to ! royal p[] 9 a ?or\ghly c5tralis$ adm9i/ration4 ,9 "o bran* ( political corruption ,k+ ,o?o may boa/ t he has outdone all ,european sov]eigns4 ,x is true1 he f\nd 9 ! ,hell5ic m9d a ri* soil1 b he may claim ! m]it ( hav+ work$ x l a fir/-rate f>m]4 ,! local in/itutions to :i* ! fri5ds ( ,greece look$ = a firm basis = lib]al in/itutions1 h 9 8 h&s be5 r5d]$ ! in/rum5t = conv]t+ popul> elections into royal nom9ations4 ,:5 ! ,bav>ian reg5cy de/roy$ ! communal sy/em ( ,greece1 !y replac$ x by municipalities ( great] ext5t1 & r5d]$ ! local au?orities dep5d5t on ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior4 ,k+ ,o?o avail$ himself ( ! c5tral control creat$ by ! municipal law1 to make ! mayor & local magi/rates ev]y:]e dep5d5t on 8 p]sonal fav\r4 ,! mayors are n[ ag5ts & spies ( ! c\rt4 ,?is is effect$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,by "o ( ^? prepo/]\s regulations1 fram$ by /atesm5 to delude ! p ) a %[ ( conf]r+ on !m free in/itutions1 ! nom9ation ( ! mayor is ve/$ 9 ! c5tral gov]nm5t4 ,an olig>*ical college ( electors selects ?ree memb]s ( ! municipality1 & f ^! 8 maje/y selects ! mo/ subs]vi5t to occupy ! place4 ,by avail+ himself skilfully ( ?is absurd law1 ,k+ ,o?o has fill$ ! t[ns ( ,greece ) magi/rates entirely dep5d5t on 8 w--m5 :om _! fell[-citiz5s1 if univ]sal suffrage prevail$ 9 ! municipal elections ( ! mayors z x does 9 ! m important elections ( deputies to ! legislature1 w\ld n all[ to rema9 an h\r 9 (fice4 ,^! nom9ees ( ! c\rt are plac$ 9 possession ( consid]able sal>ies by ! w ( ! c5tral gov]nm5t1 & z !y are dep5d5t on ! c\rt = _! (fice1 !y act z its devot$ ag5ts4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t ,k+ ,o?o is enabl$ to employ ! funds ( ! ,greek municipalities 9 ma9ta9+ a species ( c\rt policem5 ov] ! :ole c\ntry4 ,! influ5ce ?us ga9$ may be e/imat$ f ! circum/ance t upw>ds ( two millions ( dra*mas are ?us )drawn f _! legitimate use1 9 mak+ roads & facilitat+ communications by l& & wat]1 & are devot$ to pay a b& ( royal sbirri4 ,_m p]sons 9 ,engl& h felt a/oni%$ t a man ( su* mod]ate tal5ts z ,k+ ,o?o c\ld r5d] su* effectual s]vice to ,russia1 z to agitate ! :ole ( ,greece by mak+ an invasion ( ,turkey appe> a national movem5t4 ,b ! fact is1 t ! p[] possess$ by ! c5tral gov]nm5t ?r\gh ! municipalities is s great1 t we h to ?ank ! extreme incapacity ( ,k+ ,o?o & ! g5]al corruption ( ! in/rum5ts he employ$ = r5d]+ ! attack on ,turkey z ineffici5t z x prov$4 ,! ,k+ gave ! signal = a g5]al recruit+ to aid ! ,russian cause1 b 8 in/rum5ts 9 ! prov9ces employ$ ! opportunity 9 att5d+ to _! own int]e/s1 be=e giv+ !mselves mu* tr\ble ab\t mak+ a div]sion = ! pr(it ( ! ,cz> or ! ,bav>ian4 ,k+ ,o?o on ?is occasion paid ! usual p5alty ( ^? :o "w by corruption4 ,we mu/ n blame ,k+ ,o?o too sev]ely = mak+ use ( corrupt p]suasion z an in/rum5t ( p>liam5t>y gov]nm5t4 ,! proce$+s ( our ,m9i/]s rise up be=e u z an apology = ! ,greek mon>*y4 ,a ,coalition ( all ! adm9i/rative tal5t ( ,brita9 _c conduct ! non-c5tralis$ gov]nm5t ( ! empire )\t a little local jobb]y4 ,ev5 ,"l ,ab]de5's own dep>tm5t publicly owns ! necessity ( ?r[+ a few corrupt sops to a hungry & re/ive body ( ,lib]al repres5tatives4 ,9 ! ,treasury report1 recomm5d+ "s re=ms 9 our po/-(fice1 ! foll[+ words w be f\nd1--x seems a v pla9 /atem5t ( adh]5ce to ! pr9ciples on :i* ,k+ ,o?o influ5ces ! ,greek municipalities3 8,my ,lords 7( ! ,treasury--i4 e41 ,messrs ,ab]de5 ,co47 are ( op9ion t x is = ! public int]e/ t ! appo9tm5ts %\ld be made z at pres5t by my ,lords1 aft] consult+1 ?r\gh ! recomm5dation ( ! memb]s = ! c\nty or t[n1 ! conv5i5ce & wi%es ( ! population40 ,population 9 ?is s5t5ce1 we presume1 means ! class :o usually job su* matt]s1 = we h nev] be=e he>d x ass]t$ t ! mob 0 ! be/ judge ( adm9i/rative capacity4 ,! fact t a man s notori\sly defici5t 9 political wisdom z ,k+ ,o?o has succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ a sy/em1 giv+ him a pr$om9ant influ5ce ov] ! ,greeks1 is a sad evid5ce ( ! extreme v5ality ( ,greek society2 = !re c h>dly be a d\bt t ! ,greeks sugge/$ to _! ,k+ ! employm5t ( ! national res\rces 9 pur*as+ ! s]vice ( individuals in/ead ( devot+ !m to ! improvem5t ( ! nation4 ,we h b few obs]vations to make on ! late trea*]\s attack ( ,k+ ,o?o & 8 subjects on _! neighb\r & ally1 ! ,sultan ,abdul ,m$jid4 ,!re c\ld n be an act ( great] folly2 & ev5 amid/ ! incapable & c[>dly exhibitions ( mod]n times1 x is ! national movem5t :i* has be5 conduct$ 9 ! mo/ incapable & c[>dly mann]4 ,( ! complicity ( ,k+ ,o?o !re nev] 0 a d\bt1 9 spite ( ! d5ials ( ! ,greek & ,g]man press4 ,! c\rts ( ,london & ,p>is h refra9$ f giv+ publicity to all ! docum5ts :i* fell into ! h&s ( ! ,turks prov+ ?is complicity1 z x 0 n _! wi% to increase ! emb>rassm5ts ( ! h\r by decl>+ ! ?rone ( ,greece vacant4 ,reg>d+ ! attack on ,turkey1 h[ev]1 9 ! light ( a div]sion = ! advantage ( ,russia1 x might h r5d]$ important assi/ance to ! ,cz>4 ,_h x be5 conduct$ ) en]gy & ability1 x might h inflict$ a s]i\s bl[ on ! ,o?oman ,empire4 ,:5 ,k+ ,o?o violat$ ! treaties to :i* he ow$ 8 ?rone1 & appeal$ to =ce z ! arbit] ( 8 future relations ) ,turkey1 he expect$1 n )\t "s *ance ( success1 to become ma/] ( ! l9e ( =tresses t def5d ! fronti]s ( ,turkey t[>ds ,greece4 ,volo1 ,domoko1 ,arta1 & ,prevesa1 7 almo/ )\t g>risons2 & x 0 only by ! extreme incapacity ( ! ,greek lead]s1 & ! misconduct ( ^? :o invad$ ,turkey1 t ^! =tresses escap$ capture4 ,! c\rt ( ,a!ns act$ on ! conviction t ! ,russian army w\ld =ce ! ,balkan 9 a few weeks1 & appe> be=e ! walls ( ,con/ant9ople )\t enc\nt]+ any s]i\s resi/ance4 ,x consequ5tly believ$ t x w\ld n be 9 ! ,sultan's p[] to deta* a =ce suffici5t to protect ,!ssaly & ,epirus4 ,once 9 possession ( ! =tresses :i* comm& ^! prov9ces1 ! ,k+ believ$ t ,engl& & ,france w\ld be compell$ to treat ) him1 & leave him 9 possession ( ! spoil4 ,=tunately = ! ,o?oman ,empire1 bo? ! ,emp]or ,ni*olas & ,k+ ,o?o are v bad g5]als4 ,bo? appe> to h calculat$ t ! arm$ rabble ( ,greeks 9 fu/anello c\ld p]=m ! duties ( an army4 ,& ,k+ ,o?o n[ f9ds t he has sacrific$ ! mo/ valuable portion ( 8 subjects' comm]ce to ,russian int]e/s1 )\t any advantage to 8 *]i%$ s*eme ( mak+ himself an absolute mon>*4 ,! political morality ( ,k+ ,o?o1 9 8 =eign z 9 8 int]nal affairs1 des]ves ! sev]e/ condemnation4 ,8 behavi\r to ,turkey has met ) ! mo/ gall+ puni%m5t4 ,he reta9s 8 cr[n by ! suff]ance ( ^? :om he has betray$4 ,8 folly has ru9$ ! comm]ce ( 8 subjects1 & transf]r$ ! neutral trade1 :i* might h enri*$ ! ,greeks1 to ! %ips ( ! ,au/rians1 ,g5oese1 & ,neapolitans4 ,let u n[ contra/ ! conduct ( ! ,greek mon>* ) ! behavi\r ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 a simil> case4 ,cuba is q z desirable a possession to ! ,am]icans z ,!ssaly & ,epirus are to ! ,greeks4 ,9 bo? c\ntries a l>ge "p ( ! population eag]ly desires ! conque/4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ?is diff]5ce3 ,! ,greeks c\ld n make any impression on _! enemy1 ev5 ?\gh !y took him by surprise2 b ! ,am]icans w\ld probably soon ga9 possession ( ,cuba1 if _! gov]nm5t only w9k$ at ! ent]prises ( private citiz5s4 ,_h ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates be5 z impolitic & selfi% z ,k+ ,o?o1 he might h enc\rag$ piratical attacks on ,cuba4 ,! position ( ,g5]al ,pi]ce bore a /rong resemblance to t ( ! ,k+ ( ,greece1 b 8 conduct 0 diametrically opposite4 ,ev5 ?\gh ,g5]al ,pi]ce is n[ engag$ 9 dem&+ f ,spa9 rep>ation = acts ( viol5ce committ$ on ! prop]ty ( ,am]ican citiz5s 9 ,cuba1 & ?\gh x is possible t ! disputes betwe5 ! two c\ntries may soon lead to ho/ilities1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates uses ! foll[+ t]ms 9 8 ,message to ! ,s5ate3-- 8,! =mal dem& = imm$iate rep>ation 7f ,spa97 has only s]v$ to call =? a ju/ification ( ! local au?orities ( ,cuba1 :i* transf]s ! responsibility to ! ,spani% gov]nm5t4444 ,mean:ile in=mation 0 receiv$ t prep>ation 0 mak+ )9 ! limits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by private individuals1 "u milit>y organisation1 = a desc5t ^u ! isl& ( ,cuba1 ) a view to wre/ x f ! dom9ion ( ,spa94 ,int]national comity1 ! obligations ( treaties1 & ! express provisions ( ! law1 alike requir$1 9 my judgm5t1 t all ! con/itutional p[] ( ! executive %\ld be ex]t$ to prev5t ! consummation ( su* a violation ( positive law1 & ( t good fai? on :i* ma9ly ! amicable relations ( neighb\r+ nations mu/ dep5d4 8,9 con=mity ) ^! convictions ( public duty1 a proclamation 0 issu$ to w>n all p]sons n to p>ticipate 9 ! contemplat$ ent]prise1 & to invoke ! int]position 9 ?is behalf ( ! prop] (fic]s ( gov]nm5t4 ,no provocation :atev] c ju/ify private exp$itions ( ho/ility aga9/ a c\ntry at peace ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,contra/ ^! words ) ,k+ ,o?o's decl>ation to ! m9i/]s ( ,great ,brita9 & ,france1 t 8 royal consci5ce w\ld n all[ him to re/ra9 ! m>aud+ =ays & piratical exp$itions ( 8 subjects aga9/ ,turkey1 & t r ?an attempt x he w\ld himself m>* at _! head4 ,int]national comity & ! obligations ( treaties n[ compel ! two protect+ p[]s to employ aga9/ ,k+ ,o?o & ! ,greeks t =ce to :i* !y appeal$ z arbit] ( _! relations ) ,turkey1 & !y mu/ be =cibly oblig$ to obs]ve t good fai? on :i* ma9ly ! amicable relations ( neighb\r+ ,/ates mu/ dep5d4 ,unless1 !re=e1 ! ,greek ,k+ & ! ,greek nation c give ample security t no provocation w aga9 induce !m to comm5ce private acts ( ho/ility aga9/ ,epirus & ,!ssaly :ile ! ,greek k+dom is at peace ) ! ,o?oman ,empire1 ! tranquillity ( ,europe requires t ! indep5d5ce ( ,greece %\ld be susp5d$1 & ! c\ntry rema9 9 ! p[] ( a =eign =ce1 until a gov]nm5t be firmly e/abli%$ :i* w respect ! pr9ciples ( ! law ( nations z laid d[n by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 8 ,message to ! ,s5ate4 ,! ,greeks 9 g5]al apologise = _! trea*]\s attempt to surprise ! ,turks1 by decl>+ t ! lib]at$ t]ritory is too small to con/itute an indep5d5t ,/ate4 ,!y seem to ov]look ! coroll>y :i* ! ,european cab9ets may be incl9$ to d$uce f _! violation ( 8int]national comity & ! obligations ( treaties10 & ext+ui% _! indep5d5ce r ?an increase _! t]ritory4 ,b ! falsehood ( ! ass]tion is too app>5t to des]ve refutation4 ,! k+dom ( ,greece is m ?9ly peopl$ ?an any o!r ,/ate 9 ,europe2 b ?is want ( population is caus$ by its communications1 bo? by l& & sea1 be+ 9 a worse /ate ?an !y are 9 any o!r c\ntry4 ,idle cl]ks 9 public (fices1 & arm$ m5 :o frequ5t c(fee-h\ses1 =m a num]\s section ( ! t[n population1 & ^! m5 consume all ! rev5ues ( ! ,/ate1 :i* ought to be devot$ to public improvem5ts4 ,inde$1 ! f9ancial & political condition ( ,k+ ,o?o's dom9ions is s bad1 t x w\ld be an act ( inhumanity to transf] any portion ( ! population ( ! ,sultan's t]ritory to ! ,greek gov]nm5t4 ,if ,*ios or ,samos 7 annex$ to ,greece tomorr[1 ! inhabitants w\ld f9d _! f9ancial burd5s greatly increas$1 & _! trade v mu* dim9i%$1 )\t any correspond+ improvem5t 9 _! political condition = ! pres5t4 ,! b5efits !y w\ld acquire might nev]!less awak5 hopes ( a bett] future4 ,!y w\ld be plac$ 9 possession ( ! lib]ty ( ! press1 & ( a good judicial sy/em1 s t :5 ! corrupt+ influ5ce ( ! c\rt ( ,a!ns1 ( ! ,phan>iot place-hunt]s1 & ( ! palik>i1 ceases to exi/1 am5dm5t may be expect$ by ! en?usia/ic4 ,judg+ f actual appe>ances1 ,k+ ,o?o's dom9ions seem to be mu* too l>ge1 bo? = ! am\nt ( ! population1 & = ! adm9i/rative capacity ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,ev5 ,a!ns1 ,syra1 ,patras1 ,nauplia1 & ,*alcis1 are little bett] ?an undra9$ dirty t[ns1 de/itute ( prop] municipal organisation & local police1 :ile ! o!r t[ns 9 ! c\ntry are m]ely ov]gr[n villages4 ,) ! exception ( a few drives = ! c\rt c>riages r\nd ,a!ns1 & a road = ! ,au/rian traffic across ! i/hmus ( ,cor9?1 !re is n a good c>t-road 9 ! k+dom1 & v few tol]able bridle-roads ev5 f "o t[n to ano!r4 ,tw5ty isl&s ( ! ,ar*ipelago1 ea* conta9+ a t[n1 are n visit$ by any regul> packets1 & x frequ5tly happ5s t six weeks elapse )\t _! receiv+ any news f ! capital4 ,x is almo/ ne$less to say t a population liv+ 9 su* a /ate ( isolation mu/ be 9 a /ation>y1 if n 9 a decl9+1 condition4 ,if ! numb]s are kept up1 ! build+s ( pa/ times are all[$ to fall to decay1 & all ! accumulat$ capital is rapidly det]iorat+4 ,e travell] :o has visit$ ! isl&s ( ! ,ar*ipelago1 & ! t[ns 9 ! int]ior ( ! ,peloponnesus1 mu/ h notic$ _m pro(s ( ?is decay1 q indep5d5t ( ! dilapidation caus$ by ! revolution>y w>1 or ! civil broils :i* foll[$ x4 ,o!r pro(s ( ! incapacity ( ! exi/+ gov]nm5t ( ,greece to conduct ! c5tralis$ sy/em1 z e/abli%$ 9 ! limit$ t]ritory x n[ rules1 may be f\nd 9 ! civil w>s already notic$1 9 ! g5]al an>*y & contempt = ! rights ( prop]ty t prevails1 & 9 ! enorm\s numb]s ( crim9als 9 all ! prisons ( ! k+dom4 ,we h n[ be=e u ,a!nian newspap]s ( ! mon? ( ,july1 fill$ ) compla9ts ( acts ( brig&age almo/ )9 sight ( ,k+ ,o?o's palace4 ,"s ye>s ago a p>ty ( pleasure 0 robb$ dur+ a picnic at ,kephisia2 & ! newspap]s h frequ5tly record$ cases ( boil+ oil hav+ be5 p\r$ on wom5 to compel !m to %[ ! robb]s :]e ! family ho>ds 7 conceal$4 ,we h se5 an occurr5ce ( ?is k9d record$ 9 ,attica :ile ! ,*amb]s 7 9 session4 ,! inf]5ce f ^! facts seems to be1 t ,k+ ,o?o1 ! ,greek ,*amb]s1 & ! exi/+ c5tral adm9i/ration1 are incompet5t to e/abli% ord] & security = life & prop]ty 9 ! t]ritory !y n[ pret5d to gov]n4 ,we ask :e!r x is possible = ,great ,brita9 & ,france to ent]ta9 ! "q ( an augm5tation ( su* a k+dom8 ,we may n[ turn f exam9+ ! position ( ,k+ ,o?o & ! ,greek gov]nm5t 9 relation to _! =eign policy1 & take a glance at ! social & political condition ( ! nation4 ,we mu/ comm5ce by enum]at+ :at ! p h neglect$ to d4 ,?is w s]ve to %[ h[ great ! difficulties n[ are 9 ! way ( improv+ ! c\ntry4 ,dur+ ! t5 ye>s ( repres5tative gov]nm5t :i* h n[ elaps$1 ! ,greek deputies h made no sy/ematic ef=ts to improve ! condition ( ! agricultural population1 ?\gh ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! inhabitants ( ,greece are *iefly dep5d5t on agriculture = _! subsi/5ce4 ,no attempt has be5 made to re=m ! b>b>\s me?od ( collect+ ! l&-tax 9 k9d1 :i* reta9s ! population 9 ! /ation>y condition into :i* x fell on ! decl9e ( ! ,byzant9e ,empire4 ,! municipalities h be5 all[$ to become ! vehicles ( c\rt corruption1 & no measures h be5 tak5 to en=ce regul> publication ( _! receipts & exp5diture4 ,no crim9al /ati/ics are publi%$4 ,in/ead ( appropriat+ annually a sum ( money = ! con/ruction ( roads1 bridges1 quays1 & f]ry-boats1 :i* are s necess>y 9 a m\nta9\s & insul> ,/ate1 ! national int]e/s are sacrific$ to ! ga9s ( individual s5ators & deputies4 ,new places are annually creat$1 & ! trade ( ,greece is transf]r$ to ,au/rian & ,fr5* /eam-companies4 ,! greate/ comm]cial advantages ev] plac$ at ! disposal ( any p h be5 neglect$ by ! ,greek nation1 & p]haps completely ?r[n away by _! late devotion to ,russia4 ,yet ! ,greeks1 :o see ! numb] ( =eign /eam]s daily increas+ 9 _! ports1 boa/ ) _! usual *ildi% vanity ( _! sup]iority ov] e o!r p 9 naval skill4 ,!y ev5 ?r[ out h9ts 9 _! political writ+s t ! real cause ( ,"l ,palm]/on's dissatisfaction ) ,k+ ,o?o 0 f\nd$ on a reasonable jeal\sy ( ! ,greek navy1 & a patriotic fe> le/ ! subjects ( t mon>* %\ld deprive ,engl& ( h] comm]cial supremacy6 ,yet :ile boa/+ 9 ?is ,hell5ic /ra91 l true desc5dants ( ! contempor>ies ( ,juv5al & ,lucian1 !y h all[$ ! mo/ pr(itable "p ( _! own coa/+ trade to pass into ! h&s ( ! ,au/rian ,lloyd ,/eam ,company4 ,a t5d5cy to social & political dis9tegration is q z mu* a *>act]i/ic ( ! population ( lib]at$ ,greece z x 0 ( anci5t ,hellas4 ,national diff]5ces1 municipal di/9ctions1 local int]e/s1 class prejudices1 & individual pret5sions1 divide ! p4 ,! fir/ great social division is "o ( race4 ,only ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! population ( ! ,greek k+dom consi/s ( ,greeks--! o!r qu>t] is compos$ ( ,albanians4 ,^! races r>ely int]m>ry1 & few ,greeks ev] le>n ! ,albanian language2 yet ! ,albanian race is rapidly acquir+ political importance 9 ! pres5t condition ( ! ,o?oman ,empire4 ,x enjoys two imm5se advantages ov] ! ,greek race4 ,its geographical location conc5trates ! population1 & (f]s a /rong b>ri] aga9/ any =eign conqu]ors2 :ile its milit>y habits enables x to raise f> l>g] & m effici5t armies4 ,x is also physically z mu* sup]ior to ! ,greek z x is intellectually inf]ior4 ,! brave/ m5 & ! mo/ beautiful wom5 9 ! ,greek k+dom are ( ! pure/ ,albanian blood1 unadult]at$ ) any admixture ) ! ,hell5ic race4 ,m>ko ,botz>is1 ,mia\lis1 & ,konduriottis 7 ,albanians4 ,if ! ,albanians %\ld1 l _! fell[-citiz5s ! ,greeks1 become m eag] to id5tify _! exi/5ce ) an ideal pa/ ?an ) a promis+ future1 !re is no reason = _! be+ beh9d-h& 9 boa/+4 ,z desc5dants ( ! ,mac$onians1 !y may pr\dly vaunt t !y h repeat$ly conqu]$ ! ,hell5es2 &1 z a section ( ! great ,?racian p1 !y trace _! orig9 to a mighti] s\rce ?an ! ,greeks4 ,consequ5tly1 if race is to become a det]m9+ cause 9 ! =mation ( indep5d5t ,/ates1 or ev5 national repres5tations1 )9 ! limits ( ! ,o?oman ,empire1 ! w>like ,albanians1 9 _! inexpugnable m\nta9s1 are likely to assume a m important position ?an ! comm]cial ,greeks1 disp]s$ 9 expos$ seaports & def5celess isl&s4 ,! application ( e?nology to politics1 :i* ! ,greeks h /rongly-advocat$1 is extremely likely to op]ate =cibly 9 prev5t+ any consid]able ext5sion ( _! k+dom4 ,a ,greek empire w\ld be an impossibility if a natural e?nological developm5t 7 adopt$ z a basis = p>tition+ ,turkey 9 ,europe4 ,! ,valla*ians1 ,sclavonians1 & ,albanians are z able & will+ to arre/ ! progress ( ! ,greeks to-day1 z ! ,?racians1 ,mac$onians1 & ,epirots 7 9 anci5t times4 ,! next /rongly-m>k$ l9e ( sep>ation 9 ! population ( ! ,greek k+dom is t betwe5 ! agricultural population & ! inhabitants ( ! t[ns1 :e!r ! citiz5s live by or*>d & g>d5 culture1 or by trade & =eign comm]ce4 ,ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! inhabitants ( ,greece live by agriculture2 yet agricultural indu/ry rema9s 9 ! rude/ /ate4 ,! ,bav>ian ,reg5cy1 ! ,greek ,k+1 & ! repres5tative ,*amb]s1 h hi!rto done no?+ to improve ! condition ( ! agricultural class1 nor to increase ! produce ( ! c\ntry4 ,! l& :i* ma9ta9$ "o family f\r hundr$ ye>s ago1 w only ma9ta9 "o family at ! pres5t day2 ! di/rict :i* support$ a ?\s& families "u ! ,turks1 c d no m "u ,k+ ,o?o4 ,! absurd fiscal arrangem5ts conc]n+ ! collection ( ! l&-tax 9 k9d1 prev5t ! peasantry f plant+ trees2 s t 9 ! ri*e/ pla9s devot$ to ! cultivation ( c]eals1 ! agricultural class is 9 ! mo/ mis]able condition--z 9 ! f]tile di/ricts ( ,!bes & ,mess5ia4 ,!re is also no inducem5t to ext5d cultivation1 z no roads exi/2 & a mule w\ld1 9 a l>ge "p ( ,greece1 eat its load ( b>ley be=e x rea*$ ! ne>e/ m>ket4 ,! agricultural class 9 ,greece is poor1 b>b>\s1 & indu/ri\s2 ! population ( ! t[ns1 on ! o!r h&1 is 9 easy circum/ances1 advanc$ 9 civilisation1 & extremely idle4 ,9 no o!r c\ntry are c(fee-h\ses s num]\s or s well fill$4 ,! great numb] ( p]sons liv+ on places & p5sions conf]r$ by ! c5tral gov]nm5t1 or receiv+ pay f ! municipalities ) no duty to p]=m1 fills ! /reets ( e t[n 9 ,greece ) an am\nt ( idle individuals :i* travell]s view ) wond]4 ,! ?ird prom95t feature 9 ! social condition ( ! ,greek population is ! exi/5ce ( a milit>y ca/e call$ ,palik>s4 ,^! palik>s are no?+ m ?an ! arm$ foll[]s ( c]ta9 milit>y *iefs :o h secur$ to !mselves an ackn[l$g$ position & regul> pay 9 ! ,greek k+dom4 ,! palik>s we> ! ,albanian dress1 & pret5d to be pr(essional soldi]s1 ?\gh nei!r !y nor _! lead]s "k any?+ ( milit>y tactics or discipl9e4 ,a small numb] only are compos$ ( ! survivors ( ! irregul> troops ( ! revolution>y w>4 ,! great] "p consi/s ( idle "y m5 :o are incapable ( le>n+ a trade1 & dis9cl9$ to submit to discipl9e4 ,! utt] uselessness ( ! palik>s 9 milit>y op]ations 0 display$ 9 ! ease ) :i* !y 7 defeat$ & disp]s$ by ,fuad ,eff5di4 ,^! arm$ b&s1 h[ev]1 ?\gh !y are useless aga9/ an enemy1 are extremely dang]\s to ! native peasantry4 ,!y m>* ab\t ! ,greek k+dom f "o end to ! o!r1 liv+ at free qu>t]s on ! villag]s1 & consum+ annually z l>ge a portion ( ! produce ( ! soil z is paid to ! c5tral gov]nm5t 9 ! %ape ( l&-tax4 ,9 "s di/urbances :i* took place 9 ! isl& ( ,euba !y 7 said to h consum$1 9 =c$ contributions f ! agricultural population1 ne>ly "o-?ird ( ! :ole annual produce ( ! isl&4 ,we d n int5d to d5y ! s]vices :i* ! palik>s r5d]$ dur+ ! w> aga9/ ! ,turks4 ,9 a def5sive w>f>e aga9/ an undiscipl9$ enemy l ! ,turks ( #ahba1 or an ill-organis$ =ce l ! ,bav>ians ( #ahcc1 !y 7 v effici5t4 ,b aga9/ ! ,fr5* at ,argos !y 7 utt]ly useless1 ev5 ?\gh !y _h intr5*$ !mselves 9 a mann] :i* !y fanci$ w\ld give !m a decid$ advantage ov] regul> troops4 ,! ,fr5* c>ri$ all _! positions ) ! bayonet1 & ! palik>s soon fl$ 9 dismay4 ,! revival ( ! sy/em ( palik>ism is "o ( ! _m evils :i* ,"l ,palm]/on's knavi% protg1 ,c\nt ,armansp]g1 bequea!d to ,greece4 ,m4 ,maur] _h brok5 up ! hordes ( ^! *ildr5 ( an>*y 9 a v effectual mann]1 ?\gh p]haps ) unnecess>y viol5ce & sev]ity4 ,! object ( ,c\nt ,armansp]g 9 re/or+ palik>ism 0 to =m = himself a milit>y p>ty4 ,by ! =mation ( troops enroll$ "u *iefs atta*$ to 8 own p]son1 he expect$ to be able to keep d[n public op9ion 9 ! prov9ces2 :ile1 by a lavi% di/ribution ( money & places1 he knew he c\ld sil5ce x at ,a!ns4 ,! fav\r$ capta9s 7 all[$ to collect b&s ( arm$ foll[]s1 almo/ )\t any control on ! "p ( ! m9i/]-(-w>1 & )\t ! m5 or ! (fic]s be+ subject$ to any discipl9e4 ,9 ! prov9ces1 ^! capta9s 7 intru/$ ) extraord9>y p[]s1 :i* !y us$ = p>ty purposes2 & ! palik>s became an organ ( ! gov]nm5t = intimidat+ its oppon5ts4 ,! consequ5ces ( ,c\nt ,armansp]g's conduct 7 mo/ injuri\s4 ,^? capta9s :o 7 unable to ga9 8 good-w collect$ b&s ( arm$ m51 or jo9$ ! brig&s1 & endeav\r$ to increase ! numb] ( _! foll[]s by levy+ black-mail on ! peaceful agriculturi/s1 9 ! hope t ! gov]nm5t w\ld ev5tually be compell$ to pur*ase _! s]vices4 ,_! calculation prov$ correct2 & ,c\nt ,armansp]g end$ by tak+ into 8 pay ! v m5 aga9/ :om he _h employ$ 8 g5]als4 ,k+ ,o?o adopt$ ) delight ! corrupt sy/em ( 8 reg5t1 & ev5 ext5d$ its application4 ,he fill$ 8 palace ) palik>s1 & neglect$ ! regul> troops4 ,m5 ignorant ( all milit>y s]vice 7 intru/$ ) milit>y comm& 9 ! prov9ces1 :]e _! s]vices 7 *iefly requir$ to intimidate opposition1 & secure ! election ( c\rt c&idates z deputies & mayors4 ,koletti1 ! fav\rite lead] ( ! palik> class1 became ,k+ ,o?o's fav\rite m9i/]2 & ! influ5ce ( t wor?less ,valla*ian ,aspropotamite enabl$ ! c\nt to nullify ! con/itution ( #ahdd4 ,by ! influ5ce ( ! palik>s1 assi/$1 x is true1 by 8 own anti-con/itutional love ( adm9i/rative despotism1 ,mavrocordatos 0 driv5 f ! m9i/ry1 & ,k+ ,o?o re-e/abli%$ 9 absolute p[]1 by ! assi/ance ( palik>ism & municipal corruption4 ,! late invasion ( ,turkey c\ld h>dly h tak5 place1 if x _h n be5 9 ,k+ ,o?o's p[] to laun* ^! irregul> b&s aga9/ 8 neighb\r's fronti]2 =1 ) all 8 folly & imprud5ce1 he w\ld n h v5tur$ to m>* regul> troops op5ly aga9/ ! ,sultan )\t a decl>ation ( w>4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x 0 =tunate = ,europe t ! utt] wor?lessness ( ^! undiscipl9$ b&s = all milit>y op]ations1 except ! def5ce ( m\nta9 passes1 prev5t$ _! captur+ ! fronti] =tresses ( ,epirus & ,!ssaly1 & enabl$ ,fuad ,eff5di to defeat _! army ) s mu* ease at ,peta4 ,nev]1 c]ta9ly1 did any troops make a m despicable milit>y display ?an ! palik>s ( ,greece 9 _! late attack on ,turkey4 ,:ile ^! invad]s made _! patriotism a pretext = plund]+ _! un=tunate c\ntrym5 :o 7 subjects ( ! ,o?oman ,empire1 & devot$ _! *ief att5tion to c>ry+ (f cattle & %eep belong+ to ,greeks & ,*ri/ians1 in/ead ( attempt+ to /orm ! ill-=tifi$ holds ( ! ,turks1 ! ,o?oman troops display$ "o ( ! highe/ *>act]i/ics 9 :i* ! ,greek race has always be5 defici5t--a s5se ( duty4 ,!y bravely def5d$ ! po/s committ$ to _! c>e1 & success cr[n$ _! good conduct4 ,we h n[ giv5 an imp>tial acc\nt ( ! faults ( ,k+ ,o?o1 & ( ! political vices ( ! ,greek nation2 we w proce$ to enum]ate ! virtues ( ! p ) equal imp>tiality4 ,! greate/ enemies ( ! ,greeks _c d5y t !y possess a high degree ( patriotism4 ,:atev] its orig9 may be1 & h[ev] mu* x may be disfigur$ by vanity1 x is a great virtue1 & produces abundant good fruit4 ,! sums ( money :i* h be5 employ$ by private individuals 9 ! con/ruction ( *ur*es & s*ool-h\ses ov] all ,greece1 ! lib]al donations !y annually remit to ,a!ns = advanc+ ! cause ( education1 ! munific5t pres5ts ( books1 m$als1 & philosophical in/rum5ts to ! ,univ]sity & to ! ,obs]vatory1 & ! imm5se contributions collect$ to aid ! late impolitic attack on ,turkey1 all prove t1 "u a bett] gov]nm5t1 & ) good guidance1 ! patriotism ( ! ,greeks might be r5d]$ ( great use 9 advanc+ ! moral improvem5t & mat]ial prosp]ity ( _! c\ntry4 ,b _! patriotic feel+s mu/ be direct$ to ! improvem5t ( morality & religion be=e mu* good c be effect$4 ,! importance ( private virtue is n suffici5tly appreciat$ by ! ,greeks z a gu>antee = political hone/y4 ,individual "* has m influ5ce z an elem5t ( national /r5g? & greatness1 ?an ! /atesm5 at ,a!ns are incl9$ to believe4 ,)\t cit+ hi/orical examples1 we may rem9d !m t a disp]s$ nation1 m+l$ z ! ,greeks are ) =eign races1 is mu* m am5able to ! public op9ion ( o!r nations1 ?an a race press$ toge!r 9 close geographical contiguity1 & ) :i* =eign]s r>ely communicate4 ,! indu/ry ( ! ,greeks is atte/$ by _! comm]cial activity1 & by _! labori\s agricultural op]ations4 ,! mass ( ! population1 x is true1 d]ives s little b5efit f _! toils1 t we might p>don !m if !y 7 mu* idl] ?an !y are4 ,^? :o are mo/ successful 9 comm]ce are compell$ to expatriate !mselves1 :i* is always a great h>d%ip to a ,greek4 ,^? :o lab\r at ! fields & dig ! v9ey>ds are unable to live 9 tol]able ease2 = ! want ( roads prev5ts _! f9d+ a sale = _! produce1 & deprives !m ( ! p[] ( pur*as+ ! luxuries !y mo/ eag]ly desire4 ,ano!r hon\rable feature 9 ,greek society is ! good feel+ display$ by ! classes :i* live beyond ! sph]e ( c\rt & political influ5ce4 ,if a ,greek is nei!r a c\rti]1 a gov]nm5t (ficial1 nor a palik>1 he is g5]ally a tol]ably hone/ man1 & by no means a bad fell[1 unless he be an ,ionian or a ,phan>iot4 ,we may m5tion an anecdote1 :i* proves /rongly ! exi/5ce ( virtue 9 ! great mass ( ! lab\r+ classes1 ev5 on t mo/ delicate ( all subjects1 hone/y 9 pay+ taxes4 ,:5 ! ,bav>ians arriv$ 9 ,greece1 !y _h n "t to take any /rong measures = en=c+ a v /rict collection ( ! national rev5ues4 ,! probable am\nt 0 e/imat$ at f\r millions1 b ! rev5ues ( ! prec$+ ye> _h n rea*$ t sum4 ,z x 0 necess>y to leave mu* to ! consci5ce ( ! p1 ,mr ,glad/one might h be5 satisfi$ ) ?ree millions & a half1 ) a few five-p\nd notes fall+ 9 f "t to "t f ! remorse ( default]s4 ,b ! ,greeks paid d[n sev5 millions )9 ! ye>2 & ! exp]i5ce ( subsequ5t rev5ue returns proves t !y mu/ h paid ! full am\nt to :i* gov]nm5t _h any claim4 ,! /ate ( ! legal pr(ession at ,a!ns impresses /rang]s ) a fav\rable op9ion ( ! educat$ classes1 :5 uncorrupt$ by ! s]vice ( a corrupt$ c5tral adm9i/ration4 ,! advocates =m a body ( well-educat$ m51 ^: pr(essional ga9s r5d] !m indep5d5t ( c\rt influ5ce1 & ^: tal5ts & "* give !m great p[] ov] public op9ion on judicial matt]s4 ,h5ce !y ex]cise a salut>y control ov] ! m9i/] ( ju/ice & ! judges4 ,?is is d\bly necess>y1 f ! circum/ance t ! judges hold _! (fices only dur+ ! pleasure ( ,k+ ,o?o1 :o has frequ5tly remov$ ^? :o h displeas$ him f (fice1 or s5t !m into a dre>y exile 9 "s di/ant prov9ce 9 an inf]ior *>ge4 ,! p[] ( public op9ion1 z ex]cis$ by ! b>1 is consequ5tly ( great importance to insure "s degree ( equity 9 ! c\rts1 & control ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 9 civil affairs2 & x has be5 us$ 9 a mann] highly hon\rable bo? to ! ,greek b> & to ! national "*4 ,!re is ano!r quality :i* ! ,greeks possess 9 a high degree1 & :i*1 if prop]ly direct$ by a good gov]nm5t1 w\ld aid greatly 9 rais+ !m f _! pres5t /ate ( political degradation4 ,?is is _! aptitude = public discussion4 ,conc5trat$ z at pres5t on /ate affairs1 conc]n+ :i* !y are naturally q ignorant1 x becomes a m]e wa/e ( words4 ,b if employ$ on _! local & municipal affairs1 conc]n+ e detail ( :i* !y are fully in=m$1 x w\ld soon become ! means ( *eck+ ! corruptions ( ! c\rt & ( ! c5tral adm9i/ration4 ,?is aptitude = public bus9ess enabl$ !m to reta9 a l>ge %>e 9 ! local adm9i/ration ( _! prov9ces "u ! ,turks1 & to organise ! communal sy/em to :i* we are incl9$ to attribute _! success 9 ! revolution>y w>4 ,! v>i\s c5tral gov]nm5ts :i* foll[$ "o ano!r 9 succession dur+ ! w> ) ,turkey1 nev] display$ mu* tal5t1 nor enjoy$ mu* influ5ce ov] ! p4 ,! naval =ce1 ?\gh admirably conduct$ by ,mia\lis1 01 9 spite ( ! gallant de$s ( ,kan>is1 inadequate to secure a decisive victory4 ,! milit>y =ce 0 )\t organisation1 p[]less = attack1 & extremely ill-direct$4 ,no g5]al 9 ,greece1 native or =eign]1 display$ any great milit>y tal5t4 ,9 ! navy1 on ! contr>y1 ! "n ( ,ha/+s1 :o fir/ employ$ hot %ot & %ells f %ip artill]y1 ranks ju/ly ) ! glori\s names ( ,mia\lis & ,kan>is4 ,! w> on l& 0 entirely support$ by ! indomitable p]sev]ance ( ! p4 ,_! political & milit>y lead]s weak5$ _! p[]s ( resi/ance by _! intrigues1 av>ice1 & incapacity1 b ! en]gy ( ! p nev] fail$4 ,glori\s examples are innum]able1 ?\gh ,mr ,tric\pi1 ! ,greek hi/orian ( ! w>1 has n ! judgm5t to select !m4 ,"l ,byron describes _! behavi\r1 9 speak+ ( ! ,spani>ds-- 8,back to ! /ruggle2 baffl$ 9 ! /rife1 ,w>6 w>6 0 /ill _! cry--w>1 ev5 to ! knife60 ,messolonghi atte/s its tru?4 ,! fri5ds ( ,greece1--& %e has /ill "s s9c]e fri5ds1 9 spite ( all h] faults--may look =w>d to h] communal sy/em & local atta*m5ts z a basis on :i* political ord] & national prosp]ity c be firmly e/abli%$4 ,b unless ! re/less activity ( ! p be usefully occupi$ 9 ! managem5t ( _! local affairs1 !y w employ x1 z at pres5t1 injuri\sly1 9 pr(it+ by ! corruption ( ! c5tral gov]nm5t4 ,! want ( a prop] sph]e ( en]gy = a l>ge class ( ! population is evid5tly prep>+ ,greece = a s]ies ( revolutions4 ,a repres5tative gov]nm5t & a free press1 l9k$ to a c5tralis$ adm9i/ration1 )\t ! control ( a municipal organisation1 t5ds naturally to revolution4 ,to remove a p>i% grievance1 x becomes necess>y to ov]?r[ a m9i/]2 & a v little exp]i5ce 9 su* c\ntries reveals ! secret1 t x is easi] to make a revolution ?an obta9 a re=m4 ,su* 0 ! /ate ( ,greece :5 ! ,fr5* & ,engli% troops l&$ at ! ,piru 9 ! mon? ( ,june1 to prev5t ,k+ ,o?o f ?r[+ ! c\ntry into a /ate ( complete an>*y by 8 insane policy ( assi/+ ,russia4 ,! ,greeks1 :o _h invad$ ,turkey1 7 already defeat$1 /rong g>risons 7 already plac$ 9 all ! ,turki% =tresses on ! ,greek fronti]1 & a fleet ( ,turki% /eam]s comm&$ ! ,ar*ipelago4 ,! w> _h deg5]at$ into a s]ies ( =ays by l& & piratical exp$itions by sea1 9 :i* ! ,greeks c>ri$ (f ! cattle1 & plund]$ ! w>eh\ses & b>ns ( ! subjects ( ! ,porte4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,o?oman gov]nm5t1 unable to gu>d aga9/ ^! attacks1 ?reat5$ to invade ,greece1 & occupy ! ri*e/ isl&s ( ! ,ar*ipelago z a mat]ial gu>antee = indemnity4 ,! int]f]5ce ( ! ,allies 0 q z necess>y to def5d ! ,greek p z ! ,turki% prov9ces4 ,a *ange 0 ( c\rse imm$iately effect$ 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,m4 ,alex&] ,mavrocordatos1 !n ,greek m9i/] at ,p>is1 0 appo9t$ ,prime ,m9i/]4 ,! "n ( ,mavrocordatos is well kn[n to all :o are acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,greek revolution4 ,8 m]its & defects are correctly /at$ 9 ,g5]al ,gordon's excell5t "w4 ,g5]al ,kal]gy1 ano!r di/+ui%$ "n 9 ,greek hi/ory1 0 intru/$ ) ! w> dep>tm5t4 ,m4 ,george ,psyllas1 :o = ! la/ t5 ye>s has /ood =w>d z ! only consi/5t support] ( lib]al measures & communal int]e/s 9 ! ,s5ate1 0 nam$ ,m9i/] ( ,religion & ,public ,in/ruction4 ,he is an ,a!nian1 & repres5t$ ,a!ns at ! fir/ ,national ,assembly1 held at ! comm5cem5t ( ! revolution1 :5 ! con/itution ( ,epidaurus 0 fram$4 ,^! ?ree m5 are und\bt$ly ! be/ m5 9 ,greece = ! (fices committ$ to !m4 ,b _! colleagues are n s well select$4 ,kan>is is ,m9i/] ( ! ,m>9e--no brav] nor m patriotic man brea!s1 b he is no bett] suit$ to be a m9i/] ?an an ar*bi%op4 ,! o!r m9i/]s are positively v ill *os54 ,m4 ,ana/asios ,londos1 ^: t]giv]sation & folly caus$ ! qu>rel ) ,great ,brita9 9 #ahej1 & ! blockade ( ! ,piru1 is ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice4 ,he is z defici5t 9 k ( law & judicial adm9i/ration1 z he has %[n himself ignorant ( ! pr9ciples ( political hone/y1 & de/itute ( s\nd judgm5t4 ,! o!r individuals may be left nameless4 ,! only "q ( int]e/ 9 ,great ,brita9 is1 :e!r ^! m9i/]s c d any?+ to improve ! condition ( ! p1 to e/abli% a great] degree ( security = life & prop]ty ?an n[ prevails1 op5 new fields = comm]cial & agricultural indu/ry1 & make ,greece an improv+ & prosp]\s c\ntry2 = ^! *anges alone c gu>antee ! tranquillity ( ! ,ea/4 ,! fir/ /ep to be tak5 mu/ be1 to aboli% ! exi/+ mann] ( collect+ ! t5? ( ! gross produce ( ! l&1 z a l&-tax4 ,!re is no o!r means ( gett+ quit ( ! num]\s fiscal regulations :i* deprive ! agricultural classes ( ! p[] ( dispos+ ( _! lab\r 9 ! way mo/ conducive to _! pr(it4 ,! next ?+ is1 to re/ore life & en]gy to ! municipal sy/em1 & ext5d ! indep5d5t sph]e ( action ( ! municipal au?orities4 ,! pres5t ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior is p]haps z well fitt$ to d ?is z he is to swall[ a camel4 ,! ,greeks g5]ally h %[n t !y are defici5t 9 ! temp] & capacity requisite to conduct a c5tral gov]nm5t4 ,!y /ill want ! exp]i5ce necess>y to give ord9>y m5 a s5se ( ! value ( political hone/y1 & !re is no possibility ( _! ga9+ x 9 any s*ool b t ( _! own municipal practice4 ,if !y are incurably addict$ to peculation1 !y _h bett] commit _! acts ( di%one/y at home1 :]e ! exact am\nt ( _! frauds c easily be asc]ta9$1 & is sure to be made public4 ,palik>ism mu/ be utt]ly root$ out4 ,g5]al ,kal]gy has promptly comm5c$ ! "w :i* no man is s well able to complete4 ,! army & navy mu/ be re=m$4 ,a corps ( pione]s mu/ be =m$ to build bridges2 /eam-packets1 & galleys ) o>s1 mu/ facilitate communications4 ,n[1 is ,alex&] ,mavrocordatos ! man to d ^! ?+s8 ,we _c say4 ,he has always %[n himself too mu* ! slave ( bureaucratic prejudices = u to feel any v firm confid5ce 9 8 political views4 ,nev]!less1 at ?is mom5t1 he is ! only ,greek :o possesses ! political hone/y & diplomatic exp]i5ce necess>y = pres]v+ fri5dly relations ) ! allies ( ,turkey1 & at ! same "t sav+ ! national indep5d5ce ( 8 c\ntry3 he has1 !re=e1 our be/ wi%es = 8 success4 ,! "t is "o ( great difficulty4 ,a mighty revolution has comm5c$ 9 ! ,ea/1 :i* ! ,greek race has nei!r ! en]gy nor ! p[] to direct4 ,if well & wisely gov]n$1 x may pr(it by ! c\rse ( ev5ts2 b if its national vanity =ce x into collision ) any ( ! great actors 9 ! sc5e1 x may be bru%$ rudely aside1 & s9k back into ! insignificant position x has held ev] s9ce ! ,franks conqu]$ ,con/ant9ople & f\nd$ pr9cipalities 9 ,greece 9 #abjd4 ,hell5ism & or?odoxy mu/ yield to philan?ropy & ,*ri/ian civilisation4 ,to u ! future is d>k2 b ( "o ?+ we are assur$1 t ! occupation ( ,greece by ! alli$ troops 0 absolutely necess>y to enable any m9i/ry to comm5ce ! task ( improvem5t 9 ! k+dom ( ,greece4 ,,/ud5t ,,life ,,9 ,,scotl&4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,exemption f ! au?ority ( ! ord9>y legal or correctional tribunals 0 "o ( ! rem>kable features ( ! anci5t univ]sities1 & ! relics ( x :i* h come d[n almo/ to ! pres5t day 9 ,scotl& are v curi\s4 ,! univ]sity 0 a /ate 9 itself1 :]e ! adm9i/rators ( ! ord9>y au?ority ( ! realm _h no m p[] ?an 9 a neighb\r+ indep5d5t republic4 ,s jeal\sly 0 ?is au?ority wat*$ & f5c$1 t usually :5 ! dispute lay betwe5 ! liegem5 ( ! univ]sity & ^? ( ! ,/ate--betwe5 g[n & t[n--! univ]sity haughtily arrogat$ ! au?ority ov] bo?4 ,to be sure1 x 0 v mu* ! practice ( ! age to adju/ rights & privileges by balanc+ "o aga9/ ano!r--by lett+ !m fight out1 z x 71 e "q 9 a g5]al conte/1 & produce a sort ( rude ju/ice by ! antagonism & balance ( =ces1 j z 9 "s ,ori5tal /ates at ?is day ! /rang]s ( ea* nation h ! privilege ( liv+ "u _! native laws2 a me?od :i*1 by pitt+ privilege aga9/ privilege1 & lett+ ! /rong] be> d[n ! weak]1 saves ! c5tral gov]nm5t mu* disagreeable & difficult "w 9 ! adju/m5t ( rights & duties4 ,s1 9 ! middle ages1 we _h ! ecclesia/ical compet+ ) ! b>onial int]e/s1 & ! burghal or corporate ) bo?4 ,nay1 9 ^! la/ !re 0 a subdivision ( int]e/s1 v>i\s corporations ( craftsm5 be+ subject to ! au?ority ( _! own syndics1 deans1 or mayors1 & entitl$ to free !mselves f any int]f]5ce 9 _m ( _! affairs by ! burghal or ev5 ! royal c\rts4 ,ecclesia/ical law f\ght ) civil law1 & *anc]y c>ri$ on a ceaseless und]m9+ conte/ ) common law2 :ile ov] ,europe !re 7 inexhau/ible v>ieties ( palat9ates1 m>gravates1 regalities1 & ! l1 enjoy+ _! own sep>ate privileges & sy/ems ( jurisprud5ce4 ,b ov] ?is ,babel ( au?orities1 s complexly e/abli%$ 9 ,france t ,voltaire compla9$ ( *ang+ laws z (t5 z he *ang$ horses1 :at is conspicu\s is ! homage paid by all ! o!r exclusive privileges to ^? ( ! univ]sities1 & ! sep>ation ( ^! gr& in/itutions by an impassable l9e ( v5]at$ privileges f ! re/ ( ! vulg> _w4 ,?us1 ! ,/ate conc$$ freely to lit]ature ^? high privileges = :i* ! ,*ur* 9 va9 cont5d$1 f ! slaught] ( ,becket to ! fall ( ,wolsey4 ,9 a v few only ( ! ,/ates ne>e/ to ! c5tre ( spiritual dom9ion1 c\ld an exclusive ecclesia/ical jurisdiction ext5d+ to matt]s bo? spiritual & temporal be ass]t$2 & ,france1 :i* ackn[l$g$ ! isolat$ au?ority ( ! univ]sities1 bade a /]n defiance to ! claims ( ! prie/hood4 ,x c h>dly be said t1 inve/$ ) ^! high p[]s1 ! univ]sities bore _! hon\rs meekly4 ,respect$ z !y 71 !y 7 felt to be inv>iably a s]i\s elem5t ( turbul5ce1 & a s\rce ( in/ability to _! respective gov]nm5ts4 ,9 ! affairs ( ! ,league1 ! ,fronde1 & ! v>i\s o!r conte/s :i*1 9 =m] days1 z 9 ! pres5t1 h kept up a p]petual succession ( conflicts 9 turbul5t ,p>is1 ! position to be tak5 by ! /ud5ts 0 extremely mom5t\s1 b 0 n easily to be calculat$ ^u2 = ^! g5try imbib$ a great am\nt bo? ( re/lessness & caprici\sness along ) _! *]i%$ pr]ogatives4 ,dur+ ! c5turies 9 :i* a common _s p]vad$ ! :ole academic body1 ! fame ( a p>ticul> univ]sity1 or ( "s celebrat$ tea*] 9 x1 _h a conc5trat+ action ov] ! :ole civilis$ _w1 :i* drew a c]ta9 proportion ( ! y\? ( all ,europe t[>ds ! common vortex4 ,h5ce1 :5 we "k t !re 7 frequ5tly assembl$ f "o to t5 ?\s& "y m51 adv5tur\s & high-spirit$1 contemptu\s ( ! condition ( ! ord9>y citiz51 & b\nd toge!r by common objects & high exclusive privileges--well arm$1 & 9 possession ( edifices =tifi$ accord+ to ! me?od ( ! day--we h>dly require to read hi/ory to believe h[ =midable su* bodies mu/ h prov$4 ,an incid5t 9 ! hi/ory ( a w&]+ ,scotsman1 ?\gh b a petty affair 9 itself1 illu/rates ! sort ( feudal p[] possess$ by ! au?orities ( a univ]sity4 ,?omas ,demp/]1 ! au?or ( ,etruria ,regalis1 & ( a "w bett] kn[n ?an e/eem$ 9 ,scotti% ,biography1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 ,cont95tal w&]+s f\nd himself 9 possession ( p[]--z sub-pr9cipal1 x has be5 said1 ( ! college ( ,beauvais1 9 ! univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,tak+ umbrage at "o ( ! /ud5ts = fight+ a duel--"o ( ! enjoym5ts ( life :i* ,demp/] desir$ to monopolise to himself--he caus$ ! "y g5tleman's po9ts to be untruss$1 & proce$$ to ex]cise discipl9e 9 ! primitive dorsal fa%ion4 ,! aggriev$ y\? _h p[]ful relations1 & an arm$ attack 0 made on ! college to av5ge 8 insults4 ,b ,demp/] arm$ 8 /ud5ts & =tifi$ ! college walls s effectively t he 0 enabl$1 n only to hold 8 po/1 b to capture "s ( 8 assailants1 & commit !m z prison]s to ! belfry4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t l _m o!r bold actions ?is 0 m imm$iately successful ?an /rictly legal1 & c]ta9 ugly demon/rations 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,*atela9 sugge/$ to ,demp/] ! necessity ( retreat+ to "s o!r e/abli%m5t 9 ! va/ lit]>y republic ( :i* he 0 a di/+ui%$ ornam5t--welcome :]ev] he appe>$4 ,he _h come ( a race n mu* accu/om$ to fe> consequ5ces or /& 9 awe ( ! op9ion ( society4 ,8 eld] bro!r _h1 among o!r e?ical ecc5tricities--or1 z !y w\ld n[ be ju/ly deem$1 enormities--tak5 unto himself = wife 8 fa!r's ca/-(f mi/ress2 & :5 ! v5]able p>5t1 old ,demp/] ( ,muiresk1 intimat$ 8 disapproval ( ! connection1 he 0 fi]cely attack$ by a b& ( ! ,gordon ,highl&]s1 head$ by 8 hopeful son4 ,defeat$ & put to flight ) "s casualties1 ! heir hoi/$ ! /&>d ( an indep5d5t adv5tur] 9 ,orkney1 :]e1 sett+ fire to ! bi%op's palace1 he r5d]$ ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e too hot = him4 ,he made 8 f9al exit 9 ! ,ne!rl&s2 & 8 conduct !re mu/ h be51 to say ! lea/ ( x1 que/ionable1 s9ce 8 affectionate bro!r1 ^: conduct 9 ,p>is is ! m imm$iate object ( our notice1 records t 8 doom 0 to be torn to pieces by wild horses4 ,9 su* a family1 flagellation w\ld h little *ance ( be+ condemn$ z a degrad+ puni%m5t1 inconsi/5t ) ! natural dignity ( man4 ,inde$1 to admit ! pla9 hone/ tru?1 ! records ( ! ,scotti% univ]sities prove to u t ?is pri/9e discipl9e 0 inflict$ on its junior memb]s2 & x is especially assign$ 9 ,glasg[ z ! appropriate puni%m5t = c>ry+ arms4 ,local peculi>ities ( co/ume gave facilities = x 9 "s in/ances1 :i* 7 n s readily af=d$ by ! padd$ trunk-hose & c\ntless ribbon-po9ts ( ! ,p>isian 8swells0 ( ,l\is ,,xiii4's day4 ,! ,p>isian ari/ocracy took s]i\s umbrage at ! conduct ( ,demp/]2 & he _h to take 8 va/ le>n+ & 8 impracticable temp] else:]e4 ,?is is a digression2 b ,?omas ,demp/] is a good type ( ^? ,scotsm5 :o br\ght ov] to u1 f _! own en]getic practice1 ! obs]vance ( ! ,cont95tal notions ( ! indep5d5ce & p[] ( ! univ]sities4 ,8 exp]i5ce 0 ample & v>i$4 ,he imbib$ a t+e ( ! ,anglican sy/em at ,pembroke ,hall1 ,cambridge4 ,besides s]v+ & comm&+ 9 diff]5t colleges at ,p>is1 he held (fice at ,l\va91 ,rome1 ,d\ay1 ,t\rnay1 ,nav>re1 ,t\l\se1 ,montpeli]1 ,pisa1 & ,bologna4 ,a man :o has p]=m$ important functions 9 all ^! places may well be call$ a citiz5 ( ! _w4 ,at ! same "t1 8 connections ) !m 7 g5]ally ( a k9d n likely to pass f ! memory ( ^? :o came 9 contact ) him4 ,he 0 a sort ( rov+ ,b5tley1 :o1 n cont5t$ ) sitt+ d[n surr\nd$ by ! ho/ility ( ne>ly all ! memb]s ( "o univ]sity1 w5t ab\t l a ro>+ lion1 seek+ :om he might attack & insult1 & left beh9d him :]ev] he w5t ! op5 w\nds ( 8 sword1 or ( 8 sc>cely less direful p51 scatt]$ ?ickly ar\nd him4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? :o1 z ,an?ony ,arnaud said ( himself1 are to expect tranquillity only 9 a removal f t sublun>y _w 9 :i*1 l pieces ( clockwork w\nd up1 !y are doom$ to a ceaseless motion dur+ _! vitality4 ,?omas ,demp/] has _m s9s to answ] =1 & at ?is day ! mo/ conspicu\s ( !m is ! cool impud5ce :]e)1 9 8 ,hi/oria ,lit]>ia ,g5tis ,scotorum1 he makes e man ^: bir?place is n notori\s1 & ^: "n gives any excuse = dubiety1 a ,scotsman--z1 = in/ance1 ,macrobius1 :o is claim$ 9 virtue ( 8 ,mac1 & 9 =getfulness t 8 is a ,greek "n1 signify+ long-lif$4 ,yet peace to our c\ntryman's long disp]s$ a%es4 ,he 0 a f9e type ( ! f]v5t1 en]getic1 brave1 endur+ national "*2 & ! ungov]n$ wayw>dness ( 8 c>e] 0 an e>ne/ ( :at 8 c\ntrym5 might a*ieve :5 a bett] day %\ld dawn ^u _! poor di/ract$ l&4 ,b to return to ! exclusive judicial au?ority ( ! univ]sities1 & ! relics ( ! sy/em f\nd 9 ,scotl&1--we d rememb] t on ! occasion ( "o ( ^? great sn[ball emeutes1 :i* at int]vals ( ye>s make ! ,ed9burgh /ud5ts frantic1 ! police _h ent]$ ! quadrangle ( ! ,college & captur$ "s ( _! sacr$ p]sons4 ,! occurr5ce 0 improv$ on by ! /ud5ts ( ,ab]de5--!n 9 possession ( an organ ( no despicable ability1 call$ ! ,ab]de5 ,magaz9e--:o ma9ta9$ t _! own academical edifices 7 sacr$ f civic intrusion1 & po9t$ ! f+] ( scorn at _! s\!rn bre?r51 :o submitt$ )\t rebellion to invasion by a body ( glaz$-hatt$ con/ables1 "u ! lead]%ip ( a sup]9t5d5t ( police4 ,x 0 said1 9 retaliation1 t ! reason :y ! univ]sities ( ,ab]de5 7 exempt f ! visitations ( ! police 0 because !re 0 no =ce ( police con/ables 9 ! nor!rn capital2 & x 0 ma9ta9$ t :5ev] !y %\ld make _! appe>ance !re1 !y w\ld pay no m respect to ! prec9cts ( ! univ]sity ?an to ^? ( ! old privileg$ religi\s h\ses--^: b\nd>ies1 sacr$ "s c5turies ago f civic intrusion1 are /ill set =? 9 ! title-de$s ( burghal e/ates4 ,we "k n h[ ! matt] may really /&1 b we suspect t ! broad-bonnet$ & broad-%\ld]$ g5try :o n[ make s curi\sly conspicu\s a police 9 ! /reets ( ,ab]de51 are n suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! privileges ( ,m>is*al ,college to pay !m ! due def]5ce4 ,/ill we d f9d curi\s practical relics ( ! privileges ( ! univ]sities4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,june #aeji1 a g5]al convocation--congregatio g5]alis--( ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[ 0 held 9 ! *apt]-h\se ( ! ca!dral--! n[ v5]able ,univ]sity edifices _h n !n be5 built4 ,9 t assembly solemn discussion 0 held ^u c]ta9 mom5t\s matt]s1 ! fir/ & mo/ important ( :i* 0 a repres5tation by ! ,*ancellor & tempor>y ,rector ( ! ,univ]sity t ! exclusive jurisdiction & adjudication ( causes--jurisdictio1 caus>umque cognitio--7 fall+ into desuetude1 to ! great prejudice ( ! ,univ]sity1 & ! no small dim9ution ( its valuable privileges4 ,! next notice t "o f9ds 9 ! ,records is a few ye>s lat]--#bh? ,m>* #aebb--;b x is r a conflict betwe5 ! privileges ( two ( ! univ]sities ?an betwe5 ! academic & ! judicial au?orities4 ,9 ! g5]al convocation ( ! ,univ]sity1 ,pet] ,ald]/\n is accus$ ( hav+ s]v$ a citation f ! ,cons]vator ( ! ,privileges 7,cons]vator ,priviligiorum7 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/ ,&rews on a c]ta9 ,mr ,&rew ,smy?--! ari/ocratic spell+ is old] ?an we ?\ght x _h be5 9 ,scotl&4 ,! brea* ( privilege 0 aggravat$ by its occurr+ 9 ! habitation ( ! ,rev]5d ,david ,k+horn1 ,p5sion] ( ,cross ,raguel4 ,! bailiff1 or :atev] else he might be1 plead$ ignorance ( ! nature ( ! writ2 b he 0 oblig$1 b>ehead1 to seek p>don f ! injur$ p>ty4 ,we f9d no?+ m be>+ on ! "q ( ! special univ]sity privileges1 until1 9 ! ye> #afgj1 a sudd5 & s+ul>ly bold attempt appe>s to be made = _! revival1 a c\rt ( ju/ici>y be+ held by ! ,univ]sity1 & a /ud5t put on trial on a *>ge ( murd]4 ,! weighty matt] is ?us introduc$3-- 8,an5t ! indytm5t giv5 9 by ,john ,cumm+1 wryt] 9 ,glasg[1 elect$ to be ,procurator-,fiscal ( ! said ,univ]sity2 & ,&rew ,wright1 cordon] 9 ,glasg[1 neire/ ( k9 to umquhile ,janet ,wright1 s]vetrix to ,patrick ,wilson1 y\ng]1 gairdn] !re1 kill$ by ! %ot ( ane gun1 or murd]$ )9 ! said ,patrick 8 dwell+-h\se1 ^u ! fir/ day ( ,augu/ in/ant1 aga9/ ,rob]t ,b>t\n1 son lawful ( ,john ,b>t\n1 gairdn] 9 ! said burgh1 & /ud5t 9 ! said ,univ]sity1 = be+ guilty ( ! said horrible crime ^u ! said umquhile ,janet40#ace ,a jury 0 impannell$ to try ! "q4 ,! :ole affair be>s a suspici\s aspect ( be+ preconc]t$ to enable ! accus$ to plead ! b5efit ( acquittal2 = no objection is tak5 on 8 "p to ! compet5cy ( ! s+ul> tribunal be=e :i* he is to be tri$ = 8 life2 on ! contr>y1 he highly approves ( !m z 8 judges1 & 9 ! end is pron\nc$ n guilty4 ,! respectable burgesses :o act$ z jurym5 _h1 h[ev]1 z x appe>s1 _! own grave d\bts ab\t ?is assumption ( ! highe/ judicial functions2 & we f9d !m 9 ?is curi\s little docum5t1 :i* we (f] 9 full1 express+ !mselves ) t cauti\s & sagaci\s scepticism :i* is z mu* a "p ( ! national "* z its ard\r & en?usiasm4 8,patrick ,bryce1 *ancellor1 & reman5t p]sons :o pass$ ^u ! said inque/1 be=e !y gave 9 _! v]dict to ! said c\rt1 desir$ t !y might be secur$ = ! future1 le/ !y might be qu>rell$ at any "t h]eaft] = go+ on1 & proce$+ to pass on an inque/ ( ! l nature1 ^u ane w>n+ by ! (fic] ( ! said ,univ]sity2 & t 9 reg>d !y decl>$ ! case to be s+ul>1 nev] hav+ occurr$ 9 ! age ( be=e to _! k1 & ! rights & privileges ( ! ,univ]sity n be+ produc$ to !m to cle> _! privilege = hold+ ( crim9al c\rts1 & to sit & cognosce ^u crimes ( ! l nature2 :]eunto x 0 answ]$ by ! ,rector & 8 assessors t !y oppon$ _! be+ cont5t to pass ^u ! said inque/ 9 initio1 & _! mak+ fai? )\t contrav]t+ _! privilege2 b not)/&+ !re(1 = _! satisfaction & ex abundanti gratia1 !y decl>$ !mselves & _! successors 9 (fice enact$1 b\nd1 & oblig$ = _! w>r&ice ( all co/1 skai?1 dang]1 & exp5ses !y or ane or o!r ( !m %\ld su/a9 or incur ?r\gh ! pass+ ^u ! said inque/1 or :ilk c\ld foll[ !reupon1 ?r\gh ! said ,univ]sity _! want+ ( _! orig9al rights or writs = cle>+ to !m ! privilege & jurisdiction 9 ! l cases4 ,:]eupon ! said ,patrick ,bryce1 z ,*ancellor1 = himself1 & 9 "n & 9 behalf ( ! haill reman5t memb]s ( ! said inque/1 ask$ acts ( c\rt40#acf ,?\gh we are n aw>e ( any in/ance 9 ,scotl& :]e ! academic tribunals h arrogat$1 s9ce ! ,re=mation1 s high a p[]1 x is n difficult to f9d o!r in/ances :]e exemption has be5 claim$1 ev5 at a lat] p]iod1 f ! ord9>y p[]s t be4 ,?us ! ,glasg[ ,records ( ! ye> #agba be> t-- 8,! faculty1 be+ in=m$ t "s ( ! magi/rates ( ,glasg[1 & p>ticul>ly ,bailie ,rob]t ,alex&]1 has exam9$ two ( ! memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity--viz41 ,william ,cl>k & ,james ,macaulay1 /ud5ts 9 ! ,greek class--= c]ta9 crimes laid to _! *>ge "s "t ^u ! mon? ( ,febru>y la/1 & proce$$ to s5t5ce aga9/ ^! /ud5ts1 contr>y to & 9 prejudice ( ! ,univ]sity & haill memb]s1 d !re=e appo9t ,mr ,g]%om ,c>mi*ael1 c41 to repair to ! said magi/rates ( ,glasg[1 & p>ticul>ly ,bailie ,alex&]1 & dem& ! cancell+ ( ! said s5t5ce1 & prote/ aga9/ ! said practice ( ! said bailie or any ( ! magi/rates = _! said practice1 & = remeid ( law z accords40#acg ,x 0 ! pr9ciple1 n ! p]sons--! protection ( _! privileges1 n ! impunity ( _! /ud5ts--t in/igat$ ! faculty on ?is occasion1 s9ce 9 _! next m9ute !y are f\nd visit+ ,william ,cl>k & ,james ,macaulay ) puni%m5t = heavy y\?ful (f5ces4 ,we (f] no apology = quot+1 on su* an occasion1 ^! scraps f te*nical docum5ts4 ,x appe>s to u t :5 !y are n oppressively long1 or too pr(essional = ord9>y compreh5sion1 !re is no o!r way ( af=d+ s di/9ct a notion ( any v rem>kable social peculi>ity1 su* z we acc\nt ! exclusive liability ( ! memb]s ( univ]sities to _! own sep>ate tribunals to h be54 ,al?\gh ! ,scotti% univ]sities nev] boa/$ ( ! va/ conc\rse ( "y m5 ( all peoples1 nations1 & languages1 :i* sometimes flock$ to ! ,cont95tal s*ools1 & ?us ) _! great privileges creat$ a =midable imp]ium 9 imp]io--yet naturally !re has exi/$ m or less ( a /&+ feud betwe5 ! citiz5 class & ! /ud5t class4 ,! records be=e u %[ repeat$ conte/s by ! au?orities ( univ]sities1 aga9/ an invet]ate prop5sity 9 ! /ud5ts to we> arms1 & to use !m4 ,! weapons prohibit$ by ! laws ( ,k+'s ,college1 ,ab]de51 are s v>i$ & peculi> t we _c v5ture to d _! ,lat9 names into ,engli%1 & c only d]ive1 f ! t]ms 9 :i* !y are d5\nc$1 a g5]al notion h[ =midable a p]son a /ud5t putt+ ! law at defiance mu/ h be54 ,b = ! diff]5ce 9 ! ,lat9ity1 "o might suppose himself read+ ,/rada's celebrat$ acc\nt ( ! weapons 9 ! ,spani% ,armada4#ach ,f "s incid5tal causes1 a slight t+e ( ! desp]ado habits1 indicat$ by su* re/rictions1 l+]$ ar\nd ! ,scotti% univ]sities1 & p]haps 0 mo/ lo? to dep>t f t nor!rnmo/ in/itution to :i* ! prohibitions specially appli$4 ,! ma9 cause ( _! cont9uance may be attribut$ to ! exig5cies ( ! anatomical classes :i* gradually atta*$ !mselves to ! s*ools ( m$ic9e4 ,9 obta9+ subjects !re 0 a p]petual conte/ ) unmitigable prejudices2 & z 9 ! small] univ]sity t[ns !re 7 few or no p :o foll[$ sy/ematically ! trade ( ! resurrectioni/1 ! /ud5ts _h to help !mselves4 ,x ne$$ b ! v fact ( _! hav+ an occasional 8subject0 9 ! dissect+-room to expose !m to an odi\s reputation1 :i* no argum5t ab\t ! bless$ results ( ! heal+ art1 & ! necessity ( /udy+ x 9 ! /ructure ( ! human frame1 c\ld 9 ! slighte/ degree mitigate4 ,! feud ?us caus$ 0 ( a k9d :i* wid5$ z ! progress ( sci5tific acquirem5t enl>g$ ! /udy ( anatomy2 & x seem$ z if a p]man5t & deadly ho/ility aga9/ ! progress ( an ess5tial sci5ce 7 daily deep5+ & wid5+1 until public wra?1 conc5trat$ & accumulat$1 might be expect$ at la/ to bur/ on ! devot$ pursuit1 & annihilate x4 ,?\gh ! /ud5ts ( anatomy 7 g5]ally among ^? :o _h pass$ ?r\gh ! ord9>y curriculum ( /udies1 & no long] wore ! di/+ui%+ sc>let robe1 yet _! y\ng] bre?r5 71 n entirely )\t cause1 mix$ up 9 _! misde$s4 ,horrible /ories ( _! waylay+ *ildr51 & ( _! clapp+ pla/]s on ! m\?s ( gr[n m5 met 9 lonely byways1 :i* /opp$ ! brea?1 & in/antane\sly ext+ui%$ life1 7 gre$ily believ$1 & f\nd$ tales capable ( sup]s$+ ,bluebe>d & ,! ,"o-h&$ ,monk at ! w9t] *imney-corn]4 ,"y lads 9 _! e>ly blu%+ sc>let 7 sometimes savagely assault$1 z if ! poor innoc5ts 7 gh\ls 9 se>* ( ! horrible prey peculi> to _! ord]4 ,! public fr5zy rea*$ its climax on ! revelation ( ! crimes ( ,burke & ,h>e4 ,x almo/ z sudd5ly collaps$ aft] ! pass+ ( ! ,anatomy ,act1 :i* remov$ f dissection t odium :i* previ\s legislation _h factiti\sly imp>t$ to x z "p ( ! puni%m5t ( murd]1 & accompani$ ! *ange ) special facilities = ! obta9m5t ( subjects4 ,h5ce m ?an tw5ty ye>s h pass$ s9ce ! habits ( our /ud5ts 7 ta9t$ by ?is incid5tal peculi>ity1 & its social effect mu/ n[ be matt] ( tradition4 ,x c easily1 h[ev]1 be believ$ t ! revolt+ prelim9>y :i* ! vot>y ( sci5ce _h to und]go mu/ h _h an influ5ce on 8 habits v f> f propiti\s4 ,! nocturnal exp$ition 0 occasionally jo9$ by ^? :o _h n ! excuse ( sci5tific ard\r1 & ?us ! influ5ce ( ! practice spread beyond ! limits ( ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,! my/]i\s horrors surr\nd+ ! reputation ( su* a pursuit 7 n )\t a c]ta9 fasc9ation to ! "y g[nsm51 & "s ( !m 7 suppos$ placidly to cultivate r ?an suppress *>ges :i* w\ld h s]i\sly al>m$ _! m kn[+ & practical s5iors4 ,?\gh !re 0 ?us a good deal ( exagg]ation & boa/+ bo? f )\t & f )91 yet ! practice did exi/ among ! s5ior /ud5ts1 :ile at ! same "t an occasional junior1 approv$ = 8 boldness & discretion1 might be admitt$ to act a subord9ate "p 9 a 8resurrectionis+ affair40 ,possibly he1 if n ! o!rs1 might f9d x necess>y to employ "s /imulant to brace 8 n]ves = ! =midable "w 9 h&4 ,?us ! adv5ture :i* provid$ ! !atre ( anatomy ) ! means ( keep+ a few /ud5ts at h>d "w 9 "o ( ! mo/ important dep>tm5ts ( human k1 _h probably occasion$ m ?an "o night ( fi]ce dissipation1 & produc$ sc5es :i* w\ld h consid]ably a/oni%$ ! good old aunts1 deprecat+ ! exhau/+ lab\rs ( _! virtu\s nephews 9 ! na/y hospitals & t horrid dissect+-room4 ,! excesses :i* conc5trat$ !mselves ar\nd ?is solemn & *e]less pursuit1 ramifi$ !mselves into o!rs ( a m fanta/ic & *e]ful "*4 ,probably x is all *ang$ n[2 b !y are n v old m5 :o rememb] h[ ! small] univ]sity t[ns 7 subject to fanta/ic sup]ficial revolutions4 ,trees1 gates1 rail+s1 /reet lamps1 summ]-h\ses1 %op signs1 & o!r 8accessories ( ! realty10 z lawy]s call !m1 disappe>+ or *ang+ places l ! %ift+ ( ! side-slips 9 a !atre4 ,p]haps !re may ev5 be alive "s :o h witness$ or p>ticipat$ 9 su* div]tisem5ts4 ,is !re any "o :o w admit p>ticipation 9 t transmutation :i* sc&alis$ ! bailie1 by exhibit+ 8 suburban mansion "u ! auspices ( ! national a*ievem5t1 z 8lic5s$ to sell spirits1 port]1 & ale10 j at ! mom5t :5 ! lic5tiate ( ! ,r$ ,lion 0 lam5t+ ! disappe>ance ( 8 insignia8 ,are none ( ^? virtu\s y\?s alive1 :o call$ next day to express _! horror ( ! de$1 & hold confid5tial communion ) ! bailie1 ?us obta9+ access to 8 ars5al1 & receiv+ ! com=table secret in=mation--valuable = future conduct--t ! blund]buss1 ! musket1 & ! brace ( pi/ols1 7 load$ ) p[d] only1 8b he wad w>rant ! sc\nrels wad get a fleg08 ,:o 0 x1 we wond]1 t1 on ! myrmidons ( ju/ice com+ to 8 *amb]s1 "u ! well-w>rant$ suspicion t he possess$ an ext5sive & v>i$ collection ( %op signs1 _h rec\rse to 8 incipi5t ,scripture k by an apt quotation 9 ref]5ce to ^? :o seek :at !y d n succe$ 9 obta9+8 ,is x probable t 9 any private neuks 9 old dwell+-h\ses !re may exi/ relics ( ^? priz$ museums n acquir$ )\t toil & risk--& exhibit$ ) mu* caution only to tru/$ fri5ds--:i* consi/$ ma9ly ( wat*m5's rattles & batt]$ lant]ns8 ,lives !re yet "o ( t labori\s gr\p1 :o wi%$ to illum9ate ! mansion ( ,pr(essor ,blanc 9 prop] /yle1 & to t effect c>ri$ out a clu/] ( /reet lamps1 & plant$ !m all alight 9 8 g>d51 s enc\nt]+ lab\r & risk ) no bett] rew>d ?an a reflection on ! pr(essor's puzzl$ c\nt5ance :5 he %\ld awak5 & behold ! ph5om5on8 ,n4,b4 ,/reet lamps 9 ^? days 7 f$ ) oil1 & 7 support$ on wood5 po/s1 :i* x 0 n difficult = a c\ple ( /rong y\?s to uproot4 ,b we are %ock+ ! virtue & civilisation ( ! age by su* qu]ies4 ,!y h9t at practices :i* we believe to be entirely es*ew$ by ! sup]ior class ( "y g5tlem5 :o n[ frequ5t our univ]sities4 ,if we h creat$ a ?rob ( t]ror 9 an amiable p>5t's brea/1 we humbly beg 8 p>don4 ,he may take our ^w = x t 8 hopeful son is incapable ( su* pranks4 ,?is is ma9ly an antiqu>ian article1 & ! matt] conta9$ 9 x belongs m or less to ! pa/1 & is f\nd$ on docum5t or tradition4 ,! semi-mona/ic f\ndations by :i* ! /ud5ts live "u ! discipl9e ( colleges or halls1 & assemble toge!r at a common table1 are indissolubly connect$ 9 ,engli% notions ) ! idea ( a univ]sity4 ,yet ! sy/em arose z an adjunct to ! orig9al univ]sities1 &1 z late inquir]s h %[n1 ! p>asites h s ov]run ! p>5t /em t its orig9al "* is sc>cely p]ceptible b5ea? _! m luxuriant gr[?4 ,! orig9 ( ^! in/itutions is simple en\gh4 ,:5 ! great tea*]s br\ght cr[ds ( "y m5 toge!r f all p>ts ( ,europe1 ! prim>y "q 0 h[ !y 7 to obta9 food & %elt]8 & a second arose :5 ^! ne$s 7 suppli$--h[ c\ld any portion ( ! discipl9e ( ! p>5tal home be adm9i/]$ to !m among /rang]s8 ,c]ta9 privileges 7 giv5 to ! h\ses inhabit$ by ! /ud5ts1 & /reets & qu>t]s sprung up = _! accommodation1 z we n[ see ! r[s ( r$-til$ cottages spr\t =? l li*5s ar\nd ! tall *imney ( a new manufactory4 ,to prev5t fluctuation1 & pres]ve ! academic "* :]ev] x _h once e/abli%$ itself1 x 0 a frequ5t regulation t ! h\ses once inhabit$ by /ud5ts c\ld be let to no o!r p]son s long z ! r5ts 7 duly paid4 ,we f9d traces ( ?is exp$i5t 9 ! records ( ,glasg[1 :]e !re seems to h be5 great difficulty 9 accommodat+ ! /ud5ts ( ! infant univ]sity1 on acc\nt ( ! extreme smallness ( ! t[n4 ,s9ce ! h\se once occupi$ by ! /ud5t 0 !nce=? d$icat$ to 8 ord]1 speculators 7 induc$ to build entirely ) a view to ! accommodation ( a c]ta9 numb] ( "y m5 liv+ 9 celibacy1 & !y naturally imitat$ ! example set !m 9 ! con/ruction ( mona/]ies4 ,! edifice & its use ?us sugge/$ some?+ l ! mona/ic discipl9e--&1 inde$1 an e/abli%m5t fill$ ) "y m51 hav+ _! sep>ate dormitories & common table1 yet )\t any head or sy/em ( discipl9e among !m1 w\ld h be5 a social anomaly ( ! mo/ =midable "*4 ,! univ]sity requir$ to give its sanction to ! well ord]+ ( ! sep>ate in/itutions ?us ris+ ar\nd x4 ,at ! same "t munific5t patrons ( le>n+ left beh9d !m end[m5ts = f\nd+ su* in/itutions1 indicat+ at ! same "t ! me?od 9 :i* ! f\nd]s desir$ t !y %\ld be gov]n$1 & appo9t+ a portion ( ! funds to =m /ip5di>y all[ances to (fice-be>]s4 ,s arose ^? great colleges & halls :i* 9 ,engl& h buri$ ! orig9al con/itution ( ! univ]sity b5ea? !m4 ,9 ! great ,cont95tal univ]sities :i* conta9$ sep>ate colleges1 ^! 7 m /rictly "u ! c5tral control4 ,9 ,scotl&1 ! weal? at ! disposal ( ! academic in/itutions1 & ! numb]s att5d+ !m1 7 nev] suffici5tly great to enc\rage ! rise ( sep>ate bodies1 ei!r indep5d5t or subord9ate4 ,! sy/em ( mona/ic resid5ce & a common table 0 adopt$ "u ! au?ority ( ! univ]sity1 b x is rem>kable t :ile s _m ( ! fundam5tal features ( ! orig9al in/itution h be5 pres]v$1 ?is subsidi>y arrangem5t has totally disappe>$4 ,! indications ( its exi/5ce1 h[ev]1 z !y are pres]v$ 9 ! records1 h naturally consid]able int]e/ z ve/iges ( a social condition :i* has pass$ f ! e>?4 ,9 ! ,glasg[ ,records we h1 ( date #afjf1 a contract ) ,&rew ,h5d]son t\*+ ! ,bo>d+ ( ! ,ma/]s & ,burs>s1 comm5c+ ?us3 8,at ,glasg[1 ! tw5ty-twa day ( ,octob]1 ! ye> ( ,god ,jm ,,vjc & au*t ye>es3 x is appoyntit & aggreit betwix ! pairties foll[+1 viz41 ,mr ,patrick ,s*airp1 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,college ( ,glasg[1 & ,reg5tes ?air(1 ) cons5t ( ! ord9> audit\ris ( ! said ,college compts1 und]subscriv& on ! ane "p1 & ,&ro ,h5d]s\n1 ,burges ( ! said burgh on ! u!r "p1 9 mann] foll[+40 ,hav+ af=d$ ?is initial specim5 ( ! docum5t1 we %all take ! lib]ty ( some:at modify+ ! spell+ ( su* p>ts ( ! 8mann] foll[+10 9 quot+ su* portions ( x z seem by _! curi\s "* to dem& notice2 & h]e9 we may obs]ve t we foll[ ! example ( a judici\s ,quak] we _h once ! pleasure ( be+ made kn[n to1 :o1 aft] a solicit\s desire to "k ! ,*ri/ian "n ( 8 new acqua9tance1 ) a few prelim9>y !e's & ?\'s--z mu* z to say1 y see ! set ,i belong to--aft]w>ds ran into ! usual curr5t ( conv]sation v mu* l a man ( ?is _w4 ,well1 ! docum5t1 ) mu* precision1 cont9ues to say3-- 8,! mann] ( ! bo>d %all be ?is3 ,at n9e h\rs ^u ! fle% days--viz41 ,sunday1 ,monday1 ,tuesday1 ,w$nesday1 & ,?ursday--! said ,&rew %all prep>e to ! said ma/]s1 & o!rs t pay z !y pay1 ane s\p ( f9e :ite bread1 or ane portion ( cold meat1 z be/ may be _h1 ) "s dry bread & dr9k4 ,at twelve h\rs ! said ,&rew %all cov] ane table 9 ! hall ( ! said ,college1 & %all s]ve !m 9 brose1 sk9k1 sodd5 beef1 & mutton1 ! be/ 9 ! m>ket1 ro/$ mutton or veel1 z ! commodity ( ! season ( ! ye> %all s]ve1 ) a f[l1 or ! equival5t !re(1 ) good :eat bread1 ! be/ 9 ! m>ket1 )\t sc>city1 & #8gud /aill aill1 au*t or t5 dayis auld1 t sall be bettir nor ! haill aill 9 ! t[n1' & at supp] su*like4 ,& on fi% days ! said ,&rew %all furni% e ane 9 ! morn+ #8ane call\r fres* eg1 ) sum cauld meit or milk & breid1 & sum dry breid & dr9k2 at noone1 kaill & eggis1 h]r+1 & ?rie c\rse ( fis*e1 give ?ai may be _h1 or ! equival5t ?air( 9 breid & milk1 fry\ris ) dry breid z ( befoir1' & at supp] su*like4 ,! mess ( ! burs>s1 :i* imm$iately foll[s1 mu/ be giv5 lit]atim3 #8,on ! fle%e dayis1 9 ! morn+1 ev]ie ane ( ?ame1 ane s\p ( ait breid & ane dr9k2 at noone1 broois ) ane tailye ( fres*e beif1 ) suffici5t breid & aill to dr9k2 at ev5+1 on ! said mann]1 ane tailye ( fres*e beif to ev]ie meiss4 ,on fis*e dayis1 breid & dr9k z 9 ! fles*e dayis2 at disjoone1 ane eg2 at noone1 eggis1 h]r+1 & ane u!r c\rse2 at ev5+ sicklyke4'0#aci ,probably su* a bill ( f>e may dispel "s notions ab\t ! sordid liv+ ( our ance/ors1 & ! privations especially ( ^? :o d$icat$ !mselves to a s*ola/ic life4 ,! exi/5ce ( meagre days--or fi% days1 z !y are call$--9 ! ye> #afjh1 sugge/s explanations :i* we h n to (f]4 ,x w\ld almo/ appe>1 h[ev]1 t1 at lea/ 9 ! diet>y ( ! sup]ior class1 a fi% day 0 "o 9 :i* fi% 0 add$ to a com=table allotm5t ( meat1 in/ead ( be+ sub/itut$ = x4 ,ano!r contract occurs 9 ! ye> #afdi1 v>y+ little f 8! said ,&rew's10 except 9 ! addition ( a few luxuries4 ,! mess to be laid 9 ! hall = d9n] is to be 8bro?1 sk9k1 sodd5 beef1 & mutton1 ! be/ 9 ! m>ket1 ) roa/$ mutton1 lamb1 veal1 or hudd]91 z ! season ( ! ye> %all s]ve1 ) :eat bread & good /ale ale2 & at supp] su*like1 ) a capon or h51 or ! equival5t40 ,! fi% days cont9ue to be di/+ui%$ less by ! dim9ution ( fle%--s9ce !re is to be two roa/s 9 ! day--?an by ! addition ( fi%4 ,at supp] !re are to be sweetmeats & 8/ov$ plumdamas10 :i* may be int]pret$ /ew$ prunes4 ,ano!r article !re introduc$ is call$ 8/amp$ kaile40 ,! application ( ! p>ticiple is new to u1 ?\gh1 z e "o ought to "k1 kail means bro?1 or :at ! ,fr5* call potage2 & a critic 9 su* matt]s sugge/s t ! ^w /amp$ may ref] to ! ma%+ ( ! mat]ials4 ,9 ! e>li] ( ! contracts :i* we h ref]r$ to1 ! bo>d-money 0--= ! ma/]'s table1 #cj p] qu>t]1 7,scots money1 ( c\rse72 & = ! burs>s'1 #af4 #acs4 #d;d4 ,! value ( money _h s f> ris5 t 9 ! next p]iod ! sums 7 respectively #df & #bd4 ,! ma/]'s table 0 frequ5t$ by ! "y ari/ocracy ( ,scotl&1 app>5tly 9 z ample a proportion z ^? ( ,engl& are n[ to be f\nd at ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,?us1 9 an inv5tory ( occupi$ rooms1 app>5tly 9 "o floor1 ! ari/ocratic elem5t has a decid$ prepond]ance 9 ! nom5clature3 8,"l ,james's *amb]1 ,francis ,montgom]ie's *amb]1 ,kilm>nock's *amb]1 ,ri*>d ,elph9/one's *amb]1 ,george ,smy?'s *amb]1 ,james ,flem+'s *amb]1 ,joseph ,gill's *amb]1 ,james ,simson's *amb]40#adj ,x is n p]haps g5]ally kn[n t ! practice ( a common table 0 cont9u$ 9 ,/ ,&rews d[n to ab\t ! ye> #ahbj4 ,9 evid5ce be=e ! ,univ]sity ,commission 9 #ahbg1 ,dr ,hunt] /at$ t 8!re 7 two public tables2 "o ( !m1 ! high] table1 0 att5d$ only by bo>d]s1 & by ! burs>s on ! ,ramsay mortification2 ! bo>d 0 high1 & ! ent]ta9m5t altoge!r 0 bett]3 ! o!r 0 ! burs>s' table4 ,! college 0 induc$ to contract ) an economi/ or provisor to supply bo? tables2 & if ! bo>ds fell %ort1 or if ! exp5se increas$ f ! articles ( subsi/5ce be+ de>] ?an ord9>y 9 any ye>1 or exce$$ ! am\nt all[$ by ! contract1 ! ,college (t5 comp5sat$ to him t loss40 ,hav+ ?us (f]$ "s notices ( ! collegiate sy/em 9 its full vitality1 & trac$ x to its la/ lurk+-place1 we _c help giv+ a place to ! significant reflections :i* h occurr$ to ! editor ( ! ,glasg[ ,records on ! ext9ction ( ! sy/em4 8,9 all ! univ]sities 9 ,scotl&1 ! old collegiate life1 s fav\rable = s*ola/ic discipl9e1 has be5 ab&on$4 ,p]haps ! increas+ numb]s r5d]$ liv+ 9 college "u ! ma/]s' eye inconv5i5t2 ?\gh "s modification ( ! sy/ems ( liv+ 9 ! univ]sities & ! great s*ools ( ,engl& might meet ! difficulty4 ,! pres5t academic life 9 ,scotl& br+s ! ma/] & ! /ud5t too little 9 contact1 & does n enable ! tea*] to educate 9 t :i* is m important ?an s*ola/ic le>n+1 nor to /udy & tra9 ! temp]1 habits1 & "*4 ,if ! alt]native :i* has be5 *os5 inf]r$ t ! /ud5t enjoy$ ! b5efit ( p>5tal or dome/ic c>e :5 out ( ! lecture-room1 ! *ange might be less objectionable2 b :5 we obs]ve ! cr[ds ( "y m5 br\ght f di/ant homes to our univ]sities1 liv+ at l>ge & altoge!r uncontroll$1 except 9 ! classroom1 we may look back ) "s regret to ! "t :5 ! good reg5t ( a univ]sity1 liv+ among 8 pupils1 came 9 ! p>5t's place z well z ! ma/]'s4 8,b x 0 n only ! discipl9e ( ! univ]sity t 0 b5efit$ by ! collegiate life4 ,! _s ( fell[%ip t exi/$ among "y m5 set ap>t = ! common object ( high education1 0 on ! :ole fav\rable1 ?\gh liable to exagg]ation1 & (t5 runn+ into prejudice4 ,ne>ly all t common feel+ ( ! y\? ( a great univ]sity is gone4 ,! %r$s ( x t are pres]v$ by ! dress1 sc>cely hon\r$ 9 ! cr[d$ /reets ( a great city1 & ! r>e occurr5ce ( a g5]al meet+ ( /ud5ts1 s]ve only to sugge/ to :at acc\nt x might be turn$ = excit+ ! en?usiasm & rais+ ! /&>d ( conduct among ! y\? ( ,scotl&4 ,if su* collections z ! pres5t1 9 reveal+ ! old ma*9]y ( ! s*ol> life1 t5d 9 any degree to ! r5ewal ( ! bond ( common feel+ among ! y\ng] /ud5ts1 & ( sympa?y ) _! tea*]s1 !y w n be useless40 ,we 7 l$ t[>ds ! ve/iges ( ! collegiate sy/em by ! obs]vation1 t :ile 9 ,engl& x _h ov]%ad[$ & conceal$ ! orig9al outl9e ( ! univ]sities1 x _h 9 ,scotl& disappe>$1 leav+ ! primitive in/itutions 9 _! orig9al lonel9ess4 ,:5 we contemplate1 ) ?is recollection1 ! decay$ rema9s ( ! old] univ]sities1 x w be se5 t !y 7 n s inf]ior 9 weal? & magnific5ce to ^? ( our neighb\rs1 z ! mass ( collegiate in/itutions :i* ^! h ga!r$ ar\nd ! primitive univ]sity might lead "o to suppose4 ,und\bt$ly ,*ri/ ,*ur* & ,k+'s ,*apel are f9e build+s2 b ! rema9s ( ! *apels ( ,/ ,salvator at ,/ ,&rews1 & ( ,k+'s ,college 9 ,ab]de51 are n to be despis$4 ,( ! =m]1 alas6 !re are little m ?an ! truncat$ walls & buttresses1 ) "h & !re a decoration to %[ :at ! edifice 0 :5 x /ood =? 9 all its symmetry4 ,ne> ! end ( la/ c5tury a suspicion 0 ent]ta9$ t ! ro( 0 decay$ & w\ld fall4 ,s gr\ndless 0 ! supposition1 t aft] ! workm5 :o 7 remov+ x _h gone too f> to rec$e1 !y f\nd t !y c\ld n take x to pieces1 b mu/ fir/ weak5 its connection ) ! wall plates1 & let x fall plump d[n4 ,( c\rse x sma%$ to atoms ne>ly e int]ior ornam5t1 & x j left en\gh ( ! m>ble tomb ( its f\nd]1 ,bi%op ,k5n$y1 to let u see :at a m>vell\s gr\p ( ri*ly-cut ,go?ic "w x mu/ h orig9ally be54 ,)9 x !re 7 f\nd1 among o!r ornam5ts1 a heavy silv] mace ( ,p>isian workman%ip1 wond]ful z ! tomb itself = ! qua9t intricacy ( its workman%ip4 ,! *apel ( ,k+'s ,college has f>$ bett]4 ,l a mode/ nor!rn wild-fl[]1 its beauties are hidd5 f ! common gaze ( ! pe]+ t\ri/1 b to ! adepts :o exam9e !m !y are ( no ord9>y "*4 ,f ! difficulty ( work+ ! indig5\s granite1 & ! co/ ( import+ free/one1 ! ,go?ic build]s ( ?is di/rict seem to h be5 frugal 9 _! /one decorations1 s t ! glory ( ,k+'s ,college consi/s 9 its int]ior wood-"w ( c>v$ oak1 work$ 9 ar*itectural =ms1 l fairy masonry4 ,we "q if !re is any:]e a collection ( specim5s ( ,go?ic fretwork m v>i$ & delicate4 ,x is difficult to conceive any?+ m depictive ( high & d>+ educational aspirations ?an ! plant+ ( ?is beautiful edifice 9 s di/ant a spot1 z ! place ( wor%ip ( ^? /ud5ts :o 7 to flock to x f ! wild hills & dre>y moors ( ! nor?4 ,its f\nd] 0 ,bi%op ,elph9/on1 an ard5t s*ol>1 a travell]1 & a frequ5t] ( ! ,cont95tal univ]sities1 :o might r h be5 expect$1 _h he foll[$ ! dictates ( 8 ref9$ ta/es in/ead ( 8 consci5ti\s convictions1 & 8 zeal = ! spread ( le>n+1 to h sp5t 8 days among ! ,cont95tal s*ol>s1 ?an to h c>ri$ _! le>n+ across ! ,grampians4 ,! "* ( ! f\ndation may be d]iv$ f ! foll[+ ab/ract ( ! ,bull ( erection ( #adie1 prefix$ to ! ,spald+ edition ( ! ,fa/i ,ab]doni5ses4 8,bull ( ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi41 issu$ on ! petition ( ,james ,,iv41 ,k+ ( ,scots1 :i* sets =? t ! nor? p>ts ( 8 k+dom 7 inhabit$ by a rude1 illit]ate1 & savage p1 & !re=e erect+ 9 ! ,city ( ,old ,ab]de5 a #8,/udium ,g5]ale' & ,univ]sity1 z well = !ology1 canon & civil law1 m$ic9e1 & ! lib]al arts1 z = any o!r lawful faculty1 to be !re /udi$ & taught by ecclesia/ical & lay ,ma/]s & ,doctors1 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! #8,/udia ,g5]alia' ( ,p>is & ,bologna1 & = conf]r+ on des]v+ p]sons ! degrees ( ,ba*elor1 ,lic5tiate1 ,doctor1 ,ma/]1 & all o!r degrees & hon\rable di/9ctions2 conf]r+ on ,william1 ,bi%op ( ,ab]de51 & 8 successors1 ! (fice ( ,*ancellor1 emp[]+ !m1 or1 dur+ ! vacancy ( ! ,see1 ! ,vic> deput$ by ! ,*apt]1 to conf] ^! degrees 9 all ! faculties on su* well-behav$ s*ol>s z %all1 aft] due exam9ation1 be deem$ fit by ! ,rector1 ,reg5ts1 ,ma/]s1 or ,doctors ( ! faculty 9 :i* ! degree is s\ght2 grant+ to su* graduates full p[] ( tea*+ 9 ?is or any o!r /udium1 )\t any o!r exam9ation2 giv+ p[] to ! ,*ancellor or 8 ,vic>1 ! ,rector = ! "t1 & ! resid5t ,doctors1 ) ! assi/ance ( a compet5t numb] ( ,lic5tiates 9 ea* faculty1 & ( circumspect s*ol>s ( ! said /udium1 & ( two ( ! ,k+'s ,c\ncillors at ! lea/1 to make /atutes = ! good gov]nm5t !re(2 & conf]r+ on ! /ud5ts & graduates !re( all ! privileges & immunities ( any o!r ,univ]sity4 #aj ,febru>y1 #adid-e40 ,! "* ( ! in/itution1 & ! ext5t to :i* x embodi$ ! matur$ practices ( ! =eign univ]sities1 w be m amply und]/ood by a docum5t1 dat$ a few ye>s lat]1 9 ! %ape ( a collegiate end[m5t by ! ,bi%op1 applicable1 along ) ! f\ndation ( a c]ta9 ,duncan ,s*]>1 to ?irty-six memb]s4 8,( ! =esaid ?irty-six p]sons1 five to be ,ma/]s ( ,arts & ,/ud5ts ( ,!ology1 ex]cis+ ! functions ( ! prie/hood1 & daily act+ z read]s & ,reg5ts 9 ,arts1 ea* hav+ a /ip5d ( t5 p\nds1 f\r ( !m be+ paid out ( ! l&s & feu-duties assign$ by ! ,bi%op1 & ! fif? out ( ! f\ndation ( ! =esaid ,duncan ,s*]>2 ?irte5 to be s*ol>s or poor cl]ks1 fit = in/ruction 9 speculative k1 & ^: p>5ts _c support !m at s*ola/ic ex]cises1 twelve ( !m hav+ ea* a /ip5d ( twelve m]ks f ! rev5ues ( ! said *ur*es1 ) *amb]s & o!r college conv5i5ces1 & ! ?irte5? a /ip5d ( five p\nds f ! f\ndation ( ! said ,duncan ,s*]>2 ! five ,/ud5ts ( ,!ology to be support$ = sev5 ye>s until !y are lic5s$1 & "o ( ^!1 ( sweet temp]1 to be select$ by ! ,pr9cipal & ,sub-pr9cipal to read & tea* poetry & rhetoric to ! o!r ,/ud5ts2 & ! ,/ud5ts 9 ,arts to be support$ = ?ree ye>s & a half until made ,ma/]s2 at ! end ( :i* p]iods1 ^! ,/ud5ts ( ,!ology & ,arts1 :e!r graduat$ or n1 to be remov$1 & o!rs in/itut$ 9 _! /ead2 ! ,pr9cipal1 ,canoni/1 ,civili/1 ,m$ic9]1 ,sub-pr9cipal1 & ,gramm>ian1 to be nom9at$ by ! ,bi%op & 8 successors1 ,*ancellors ( ! ,univ]sity2 ! ,/ud5ts ( ,!ology to be admitt$ by ! ,*ancellor1 & nom9at$ by ! ,rector1 ,dean ( ,faculty ( ! ,arts1 ,pr9cipal & ,sub-pr9cipal2 & ! ?irte5 ,s*ol>s to be admitt$ 9 l mann]1 & nom9at$ by ! above p>ties & ! ,reg5t ( ,arts2 ( ! ?irte5 ,/ud5ts 9 ,arts1 ! two fir/ to be ( ! "n ( ,elph9/\n1 :o1 aft] be+ graduat$ 9 ,arts1 %all be admitt$ among ! ,/ud5ts ( ,!ology1 & ?ree to be f ! p>i%es ( ,ab]le?not1 ,gl5myk1 ,abirg]ny1 & ,slanis3 all ! memb]s to h _! resid5ce )9 ! ,college1 except ! ,canoni/1 ,m$ic9]1 ,gramm>ian1 & ,reg5t1 :o are to h manses )\t ! ,college2 ! ,pr9cipal & ! ,/ud5ts ( ,!ology1 aft] be+ made ,ba*elors1 to read ,!ology e read+-day1 & to prea* six times a ye> to ! p2 & ! ,/ud5ts1 be=e be+ made ,ba*elors1 to prea* by turns 9 ,lat9 9 ! ,*apt] ( ! ,college on e ,"l's day & holiday ?r\gh\t ! ye> be=e all ! /ud5ts2 ! ,reg5ts 9 ,arts to give in/ruction 9 ! lib]al sci5ces1 l ! ,reg5ts ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is2 & ! ,canoni/1 ,civili/1 & ,m$ic9] to read 9 prop] attire e read+-day1 aft] ! mann] obs]v$ 9 ! ,univ]sities ( ,p>is & ,orleans2 ! ,rector or 7if he be a memb] ( ! ,college7 ! ,dean ( ! ,faculty ( ,arts1 & ! ,(ficial ( ,ab]de51 to visit ! ,college once a ye>1 & to m>k defects 9 ! p]sons & prop]ty ( ! ,college1 an acc\nt ( :i* %all be writt5 by f\r p]sons1 deput$ = t effect1 & pres5t$ to ! ,*ancellor1 :o1 ) _! advice1 %all adm9i/] correction2 a ,procurator to be select$ f ! ,college by ! ,pr9cipal1 ,canoni/1 ,civili/1 ,sub-pr9cipal1 ,cantor1 & ,sacri/1 & to h = 8 pa9s1 9 addition to 8 /ip5d1 five m]ks2 eight ,preb5d>ies & f\r y\?s1 accompli%$ 9 s++1 to be 9 ! ,college1 & to celebrate mat9s1 vesp]s1 & mass1 9 surplices & black copes1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! memb]s ( ! college2 ! fir/ ( ^! ,preb5d>ies to be call$ ! ,cantor1 & ! second ! ,sacri/1 ea* ) a /ip5d ( tw5ty m]ks2 ! o!r preb5d>ies 7f among :om ! ,*ancellor mu/ appo9t "o :o is a pr(ici5t on ! organ7 hav+ sixte5 m]ks1 & ea* ( ! y\?s five m]ks4 #ag ,septemb] #aeje40 ,x is curi\s to m>k h[ di/9ctly ! traces ( its ,fr5* orig9 h rema9$ 9 ! nor!rn ,univ]sity4 ,9 addition to "s in/ances 9 ! prec$+ article1 x is wor?y ( notice t ! ,/ud5ts1 & ev5 ! common p1 are /ill famili> ) su* words z ,bejant & ,magi/r&4 ,c our *ubby fri5d !re1 :o blu%es z brightly z ! fre% sc>let g[n 9 :i* he has gone =? to attract ! gaze1 m spiteful ?an admir+1 ( ! untoga$ s*oolfell[s :om he has left beh9d him1 tell :y he is call$ a ,bejant8 ,ducange tells u t ,beanus means a new /ud5t :o has j come to ! academy1 & cites ! /atutes ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,vi5na1 prohibit+ all p]sons f *eat+ or ov]*>g+ ! new-com]s1 :o are call$ ,beani1 or assail+ !m ) o!r injuries or contumelies4 ,lambecius1 9 ! ,epi/ol ,obscurorum1 f9ds ,beanus 9 a monogram--8,beanus e/ animal nesci5s vitam /udiosorum40 ,we come ne>] ! m>k1 h[ev]1 9 ,france1 ! ,bejauni frequ5tly occurr+ 9 ,bulleus's massive ,hi/ory ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,?us1 9 ! ye> #acad1 a /atute ( ! ,univ]sity is pass$ on ! supplication ( a numb] ( ! inexp]i5c$ y\?s1 qui vulgo ,bejauni appellebantur4 ,_! compla9t is an old & (t-repeat$ tale1 common to fre%m51 gre5horns1 griff9s1 or by :atev] "n ! inexp]i5c$1 :5 alight+ among old /ag]s1 are recognis$4 ,! /atute ( ! ,univ]sitas /ates t a v>iety ( pr$atory p]sonages fall on ! newly-arriv$ bejaune1 dem&+ a bejaunica1 or gratuity1 to celebrate a jocundus adv5tus2 t :5 x is refus$1 !y h rec\rse to insults & bl[s2 t !re is brawl+ & blood%$ 9 ! matt]1 & ?us ! discipl9e & /udies ( ! ,univ]sity are di/urb$ by ! pe/if]\s disease4 ,x is !nce prohibit$ to give any bejaunica1 except to ! bejaun's companions liv+ 9 ! h\se ) him1 :om he may ent]ta9 if he pleases2 & if any ef=ts are made by o!rs to impose on him1 he is solemnly enjo9$ to give secret in=mation to ! procurators & ! deans ( ! faculties4#ada ,! etymology attribut$ to ! ^w bejaune is r curi\s4 ,x is said to mean yell[ neb--bc jaune--9 allusion to ! physical peculi>ity ( unfl$g$ & inexp]i5c$ birds1 to ^: condition ^? :o h j pass$ f ! function ( robb+ _! ne/s to ! discipl9e ( a univ]sity are suppos$ to h an obvi\s resemblance4 8,ce mot10 says ! ,trevaux1 8a t dit p> corruption de bc jaune1 p] mtaphore de oisons et autres oiseaux niais qui ont le bc jaune--ce qu'on a appliqu aux appr5tis en t\s les arts et sci5ces4--,rudis ,tiro ,imp]itus40 ,yet 9 ! same diction>y !re are su* explanations ab\t ! use ( ! words begay]1 to /utt]1 & begayem5t1 /utt]+1 z might1 "o w\ld ?9k1 h furni%$ a m obvi\s orig9 ?an ! orni?ological4 8,les enfans10 we are told1 8begay5t en appr5ant p>l]4 ,ceux qui ont la langue grasse begay5t t\te leur vie4 ,qu& un homme a b beauc\p il comm5ce a begay]40 ,b x is us$ also figuratively3 8,des *oses qu'on a pe9e d'expliqu]1 ou de faire ent5dre--,ce comm5tateur n'a fait que begay] en v\lant expliqu] l',apocalypse40 ,:atev] 7 its remote orig91 h[ev]1 ! t]m 0 9 full use 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 :5ce x pass$ to ,ab]de54 ,we h n[ %[n our sc>let fri5d ! reason = 8 be+ call$ a ,bejant1 b :y ! ^w %\ld be corrupt$ into ,b5jie1 & /ill m :y he %\ld be call$ a 8,butt]y b5jie10 are etymological problems :i* we no m pret5d to solve1 ?an ! reason :y 8 fell[ fre%man at ,heidelb]g is call$ a ,lea!ry fox4 ,we c\ld notice sev]al o!r relics ( anci5t univ]sity phraseology /ill cl++ r\nd ! usages ( our humble in/itutions 9 ,scotl&4 ,! ,lauration is /ill pres]v$ z ! apt & classical t]m = ! c]emony ( admission to a degree2 & ev5 ,dr ,johnson1 little z he respect$ any ,scotti% =m1 especially :5 x compet$ ) ! legitimate in/itutions ( ,engl&1 has giv5 9 8 diction>y ! ^w ,laureation1 ) ?is int]pretation atta*$ !reto3 8,x d5otes 9 ! ,scotti% univ]sities ! act or /ate ( hav+ degrees conf]r$1 z !y h 9 "s ( !m a fl[]y cr[n1 9 imitation ( laurel among ! anci5ts40 ,else:]e we are hon\r$ 9 ! same "w ) a m brief b /ill a di/9ctive notice4 ,among ! def9itions ( 8,humanity10 aft] 8! nature ( man10 8humank9d10 & 8b5evol5ce10 we h 8,philology--grammatical /udies2 9 ,scotl&1 humaniores lit]40 ,! t]m is /ill z fre% at ,ab]de5 z :5 ,maimb\rg spoke ( ,calv9 mak+ 8 humanities at ! ,college ( ,la ,m>k4 ,! 8,pr(essor ( ,humanity0 has 8 place 9 ! almanacs & o!r (ficial li/s z if !re 7 no?+ antiquat$ or peculi> 9 ! t]m1 ?\gh jocul> p h be5 kn[n to /ate to unsophi/icat$ ,cockneys & o!r =eign p]sons1 t ! object ( ! *air is to inculcate on ! "y m9d ! virtue ( ex]cis+ humanity t[>ds ! l[] animals2 & we believe m ?an "o /rang] has convey$ away1 9 ! title ( ?is pr(essor%ip1 a /&+ illu/ration ( ! elaborate k9dness ex]cis$ t[>ds ! l[] animals 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & 9 ,scotl& especially4 ,a curi\s incid5tal matt] calls u back to ,k+'s ,college & its connection ) ,p>is4 ,9 8 visit to ,scotl& 9 #afcc1 ,*>les ,i4 obs]v$1 or le>n$ f 8 advis]1 ,ar*bi%op ,laud1 :o _h m pry+ eyes1 t ! anci5t =malities ( ! ,scotti% univ]sities _h fall5 into disuse4 ,x appe>s t 8 hopes ( a re/oration 7 *iefly c5tr$ 9 ,ab]de51 :]e he knew t ! ,presbyt]ian _s _h its loose/ hold1 & he resolv$ to comm5ce ! "w !re4 ,a curi\s royal lett] to ,patrick ,=bes1 ,bi%op ( ,ab]de51 & ,*ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity1 drops my/]i\s h9ts ab\t hav+ 8obs]v$ "s ?+s :i* we ?9k fit to put 9 bett] ord\r1 :i* we %all d z we %all f9d cause40 ,b 9 ! mean "t !re is a v /rong repreh5sion ( ! unacademic practice ( s5d+ ! /ud5ts 8to ! p>i% *ur*es to s]vice & s]mon1 & !re sit promiscu\sly ) ! re/ ( ! audi5ce1 :i* loses mu* ( ! hon\r & dignity ( ! ,univ]sities40 ,! cause ( ,univ]sity re/oration1 aft] su* a k+ly h9t1 naturally receiv$ mu* local support2 & at a sort ( convocation ( ! ,univ]sity dignit>ies at ! ,bi%op's ,palace on ! #ai? ( ,decemb] #afcd1 "s inve/igations 7 made to obta9 mat]ials 8= re-e/abli%+ ( ?is ,univ]sity 9 h] jurisdiction1 cons]vatorie1 & privileges1 accord+ to h] anci5t rights grant$ !rean5t40 ,among ! o!r me?ods ( inquiry1 !re is s5t 8a special lett] to our native c\ntryman & special good fri5d1 ,dr ,william ,davidson1 ,doctor ( ,physic1 & resid5t 9 ,p>is 9 ,france1 reque/+ him to deal1 9 "n ( ! said ,univ]sity ( ,ab]de51 ) ! rector & ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 = a j & p]fect writt5 d\ble ( ! rights & privileges ( t ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 = ! bett] cle>+ & sett+ 9 good ord] ! rights & privileges belong+ to ?is ,univ]sity ( ,ab]de540#adb ,a lett] f ,ar*bi%op ,laud is read to ! meet+1 %[+ t he 0 9 communication ) ! re/or]s4 8,= ! bus9ess :i* y h recomm5d$ to me10 he says1 8,dr ,gordon ha? be5 ) me1 & deliv]$ me a copy ( all ^? ?+s :i* he ha? to move ! k+4 ,i h already spok5 ) 8 maje/y ab\t !m1 & %all cont9ue to d him all ! k9dness ,i c to help on 8 despat*1 & to %[ all ! fav\r ,i c to ! ,univ]sity40#adc ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k m ?an ! pr9t$ docum5ts %[ u ( ! projects !n "u discussion4 ,laud 0 a m$dl] ) _m ?+s--9 ,scotl&1 un=tunately1 ) at lea/ "o too _m4 ,8 activity 9 univ]sity matt]s is suffici5tly kn[n to fame 9 ! ,laudeian ,code ( ,ox=d4 ,b x has be5 ! fate ( t sy/em to be *>g$ ) a subv]sion ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,engli% univ]sities1 :ile 9 ,ab]de5 ! movem5t :i* its au?or seems to h direct$ 0 t[>ds ! re/oration ( ! old ,p>isian model4 ,! app>5t diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 has be5 probably caus$ by un9t5d$ practical results 9 ,engl&1--! object 0 d\btless ! same 9 bo? cases4 ,among ! projects ( ,k+ ,*>les ) :i* 8 advis] ( c\rse int]f]$1 0 ! union ( ,k+'s & ,m>is*al ,colleges 9 ,ab]de54 ,9 fact1 !y are n only two colleges1 b1 9 ! lit]al s5se ( ! t]m1 two univ]sities2 & ?us1 accord+ to ! /ati/ical di/ribution ( ^! in/itutions1 ,ab]de5 us$ to appe> z well suppli$ ) ! commodity z all ,engl&4 ,betwe5 ! two e/abli%m5ts1 little m ?an a mile ap>t1 !re is1 inde$1 un=tunately1 a gulf1 wid] ?an ! mileage betwe5 ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,! "o 0 f\nd$ be=e1 ! o!r aft]1 ! ,re=mation2 & !re 7 elem5ts s di/9ct & repulsive 9 ! _s ( ! f\ndations1 t no?+ b great co]cive =ce c\ld br+ ! two into union4 ,k+ ,*>les1 :o 0 too apt to suppose t fundam5tal *anges c\ld be made by an ,act ( ,visitation1 or an ,ord] 9 ,c\ncil1 pr(ess$ to unite !m1 & call$ !m1 9 conjunction1 ! ,c>ol9e ,univ]sity4 ,b 9 reality !y nev] 7 *emically fus$ into "o4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! docum5ts connect$ ) ! nom9al union1 :i* at ?is juncture may p]haps be read ) "s int]e/1 lead "o to suppose t ! two bodies ( (fice-be>]s c\ld h>dly h met r\nd ! same table )\t kick+ ea* o!r's %9s4 ,! s5ior in/itution exhibits itself z ov]be>+ & dictatorial--! junior z s5sitive to e slight4 ,all lat5t hatr$s seem to h sprung into vivid life on ! comm& to be unit$ 9 peace4 ,! juv5iles appe> to h tak5 ! matt] up1 & ea* college passes a law requir+ t its /ud5ts %all n insult ! pr(essors ( ! o!r1--app>5tly ) ! same effect1 if n int5tion1 z ! ,iri% injunction n to duck ! bailiff 9 ! horse-pond4 ,we wond] if ! same ?+ is to be repeat$ 9 ?is day4 ,we h he>d x1 inde$1 ma9ta9$ f a v grave au?ority1 t ne>ly all ?+s are possible save ! fusion ( ^! in/itutions2 t x may h be5 easy to unite ,engl& & ,scotl&1 or ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 b t ! et]nal laws ( ! univ]se %[ x to be impossible to unite ! ,k+'s ,college & ,univ]sity ( ,ab]de5 ) ! ,m>is*al ,college & ,univ]sity !re(4 ,,civilisation4--,,! ,,c5sus4 ,my de> ,eusebius1--,if y wond] at ! speculations ) :i* ,i h amus$ myself & bewild]$ all )9 rea* ( inquiry1 rememb] :at a celebrat$ phr5ologi/ said1 t ,i %\ld nev] make a philosoph]3 y rem>k$1 ,s mu* ! bett]1 = t ! _w _h too _m already4 ,i am n sure t ,i 0 n piqu$2 &1 ow+ a little spite aga9/ ^! unapproa*able sup]iors--philosoph]s--h r enc\rag$ a habit ( pos+ !m2 & f9d+ s _m 9 ?is my exp]i5ce inf]ior to ! common-s5se portion ( mank9d1 ,i amuse myself ) !m1 & treat !m z monkeys1 n[ & !n ?r[+ !m a nut to crack a little too h>d = !m4 ,wry faces break no syllogisms1 s we laugh1 & !y gravitate 9 philosophy4 ,:at is civilisation8 ,is t a nut8--a v h>d "o1 inde$4 ,i1 at lea/1 _c tell :at x is1 9 :at x consi/s1 or h[ ?is summum bonum is to be atta9$2 b ,i am no philosoph]4 ,i h tak5 _m a "o by ! button1 & plung$ him head =emo/ into ! *aos ( ?\ght1 & se5 him come out flu%$ ) ! suffocation ( 8 d>k bewild]m5t4 ,less ambiti\s p]sons w sc>cely /ay to answ] ! "q--,:at is civilisation8 ,! c>eless1 :o _c answ] x1 laugh1 & ?9k !y w9 9 ! game ( fooli%ness4 ,p]haps no bett] answ] c be giv51 & ! laugh+ philosoph]1 aft] all1 may be z wise z ! speak+ "o4 ,a neighb\r1 :o _h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! money m>kets1 told me he did n exactly "k :at x 01 b he ?\ght its condition 0 indicat$ by ! ,?ree-p]-c5t ,consols4 ,an economi/ ( ! new s*ool1 :o happ5$ to be on a visit to him1 pref]r$ z a te/ 8,am]ican bread-/uffs40 ,he argu$ t su* /uffs 7 ! /aff ( life1 support$ life1 & 71 !re=e1 bo? civilisation & ! end & object ( civilisation4 ,my neighb\r's son ,?omas1 a precoci\s y\? ( ?irte5 ye>s ( age1 /epp$ =w>d1 & said civilisation consi/$ 9 read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic3 ^u ?is1 a p>i% boy1 ! ,inspector's pet ( ! ,national ,s*ool1 said ) rival scorn1 8,y mu/ g a great deal f>!r ?an t--x is k1 & k is kn[+ ! etymologies ( cosmography & *ronology40 ,i ask$ ! r$-fac$ ple?oric ,f>m] ,br[n2--8,:at's :at60 quo? he1 ) a voice ( ?und]1 &1 l a true ,john ,bull1 /alk$ (f 9 scornful ignorance4 ,my next inquiry 0 ( y\r playful little fri5d1 flirt+ ,fanny ( ! ,grove1 j ent]+ h] fifte5? ye>4 8,:at a "q60 said %e1 & h] v eyes laugh$ delici\sly--8! late/ fa%ions f ,p>is1 to be sure40 ,make :at y please ( x1 ,eusebius2 put all ! answ]s into ! bag ( y\r philosophy1 & %ake !m well toge!r1 y\r little fri5d's w h z good a *ance z any ( com+ up ) a m>k ( tru? ^u x4 ,! p t c af=d to inv5t fa%ions mu/ h a l>ge fre$om f c>es4 ,!re mu/ be classes :o nei!r toil nor sp91 yet emulate 9 grace1 beauty1 & ornam5t ! lilies ( ! field4 ,if y 7 oblig$ to p]sonify civilisation1 w\ld y n1 l ano!r ,pygmalion1 make to y\rself a fem99e wond]1 accumulate ^u y\r /ature e grace1 vivify h] :olly ) e possible virtue1 !n ?r[ a ,p>isian veil ( dress ov] h]1 &--oh1 ! pr(anation ( y\r old days6--fall d[n & wor%ip h]8 ,!re is no bett] m>k ( civilisation ?an well-dress$ fem99e excell5ce1 to :i* m5 pay obeisance4 ,:]ev] ! majority d ?is1 !re is humanity be/ p]fect$4 ,hom] tea*e? t1 :5 he exhibits ! ag$ c\ncil ( /atesm5 & w>riors on ! walls ( ,troy pay+ homage to ! grace ( ,hel54 ,! poet wi%$ to %[ t ! p]sonages ( 8 ,epic 7 n b>b>ians1 & *ose ?is sc5e to dignify !m4 ,rum9ate ^u ! answ]1 8,! late/ fa%ions f ,p>is40 ,:at a mass ( civilis+ detail is conta9$ 9 ^! few words6--! leisure to desire1 ! elegance to we>1 ! g5ius to inv5t1 ! b5evol5t employm5t ( delicate h&s1 ! trades enc\rag$1 ! s(t influ5ces--! v atmosph]e brea!s ! mo/ delicate p]fume ( loves4 ,x is n to ! purpose to int]pose t ?is ,p>is ( fa%ion sudd5ly turn$ savage1 & revell$ 9 brutal revolution1 sp>+ n man nor woman4 ,x 0 because1 9 _! anti-ari/ocratic madness1 ! unhappy p ?rew (f ?is rev]5tial respect t ! uncivilis$ portion slaught]$ ! civilis$4 ,x 0 a vile a!i/ical b>b>ism t wag$ w> ) civilisation4 ,?9k no m ( t black spot 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,humanity--t plague-spot4 ,r1 ,eusebius1 turn y\r ?\ghts to y\r "w1 & fabricate1 ?\gh x be only 9 y\r imag9ation1 y\r own p>adise1 & %e %all be nam$ ,civilisation4 ,9 case y\r imag9ation %\ld be at ?is mom5t dull1 re/ satisfi$ ) a description ( an image n[ be=e me1 :i* ,i ?9k1 z a p]sonification1 answ]s ! "q admirably2 = suppos+ x to be a portrait f nature1 :at a civilis$ p mu/ !y be among :om su* a wond] 0 born--n only born1 b sweetly nurtur$1 & array$ 9 su* a glory ( dress6 ,if y ?9k ?is indicates a fooli% extravagant passion1 "k t ?is fair "o mu/ h 8di$ ( old age0 "s c5turies be=e ,i 0 born4 ,!re %e is1 9 all h] pale lovel9ess1 9 a black japan figur$ frame1 ov] ! mantelpiece ( my b$room at ,h----1 :]e ,i am n[ writ+ ?is lett] to y4 ,mock n1 ,eusebius2 %e is1 or r 01 ,*9ese4 ,i look ^u h] n[ z giv+ out h] answ] f ^? f9ely-drawn lips--8,i repres5t civilisation40 ,if ,i c\ld p5cil l t happy pa9t]--happie/ 9 hav+ su* uncommon lovel9ess to sit to him--,i w\ld s5d y ano!r k9d ( sket*2 x w\ld be a failure4 ,be cont5t ) feeble words4 ,fir/1 !n1 = dress3 ,%e we>s a br[n k9d ( hat1 or cap1 ! rim a little turn$ up1 ( indescribable %ape & texture3 ! head "p is blue2 ar\nd x are fl[]s1 s :ite & transp>5t1 j suffus$ ) a blu%1 z if in/antane\sly vitrifi$ into *9a4 ,lovely are !y--su* z botanical imp]t95ces nev] scrut9is$4 ,on ! "r side ( ?is cap or hat two cock's fea!rs1 p]fectly :ite1 ar* !mselves1 z if !y w\ld coquet ) ! fair] *eek4 ,y see h[ firm !y are1 & w\ld spr+ up /rong f ! t\*1 emblems ( unyield+ *a/ity4 ,! hair1 little ( :i* is se51 is ( a *e/nut-br[n2 l[ d[n on ! ?roat is a broad b& ( black1 app>5tly velvet1 j peep+ above :i* is ! smalle/ edg+ ( :ite1 exactly l ! mo/ mod]n %irt-coll>1 fa/5$ above1 :]e x is p>t$1 by a gold clasp4 ,! upp] dress is ( a p9k r$1 su* z we see 9 ,madonna pictures2 bel[ ?is is a d>k blue-gre5 %irt-dress1 ri*ly fl[]$ to look l enamel2 ov] ! %\ld]s a ,madonna k]*ief1 fa/5$ 9 a knot ov] ! *e/2 x is ( a cle> br[ni% hue1 su* z we see 9 old pictures4 ,! upp] r$ dress does n meet1 b t]m9ates on ea*1 side ) a gold bord]1 ( a patt]n c5tre1 ) two l9es ( gold4 ,?us a r broad space is left across ! bosom1 :i* 9 mod]n co/ume is occupi$ by a habit-%irt2 b su* ^w w\ld ill describe ei!r ! col\r or ! texture "h worn2 x is ( a gossam] fabric1 ( a mo/ delicately-gre5i% :ite1 diap]$ & fl[]$ all ov]2 no?+ c be conceiv$ m exquisite ?an ?is4 ,x w\ld make ! =tune ( a mod]n modi/e to see & to imitate x4 ,a clasp ( elegant %ape fa/5s skirt to upp] dress2 ! sleeve ( upp] dress rea*es only half-way d[n ! arm2 ! l[] sleeve is ( ! ri* blue-gre51 b altoge!r ample4 ,attitude1 slightly b5t =w>d2 ov] ! left arm1 :i* crosses ! wai/1 is susp5d$ a fruit-basket ( unkn[n mat]ial1 & f9ely patt]n$1 br[n 9 col\r1 9 :i* are grapes & o!r fruit2 expression1 sweetly mode/2 complexion--h[ %all x be describ$8 ,nev] 0 ,european l x4 ,x is f9e/ porcela91 v>iegat$ ) t "u-liv+ immortal i*or ( ! old div9ities4 ,eyes cle>-cut or p5cill$1 r hazel 9 col\r2 backgr\nd1 rockwork g>d51 ris+ to a hill1 on :i* are trees--b su* trees6 ,aladd9 may h se5 ! l 9 8 en*ant$ subt]ranean g>d54 ,!n !re is a lake1 & a boat on x1 at a di/ance1 ) an awn+4 ,%e is ! goddess1 or ! que51 ( ?is ,elysium1 :i* h] pres5ce makes1 & has en*ant$ into a porcela9 e>?1 ^: fl[]s & trees are ( its lu/re4 ,:]ev]1 ,eusebius1 ?is portrait 0 tak51 x 01 & is1 an epitome1 an emblem ( high civilisation4 ,x speaks s pla9ly ( all exemption f toil & c>e1 ( ! unapproa*abl5ess ( dang]4 ,!re is liv+ elegance 9 a g>d5 ( peace4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! type ( civilisation4 ,:at6 w ! economi/1 ! philosoph] ( our day1 be ready to say1--,civilisation among/ ,*9ese & ,t>t>s6 & t c5turies p]haps ago4 ,civilisation is 8,! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury60 ,! glory ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury is ! ,press4 ,we are ,civilisation4 ,v well1 g5tlem52 nev]!less x w\ld be pleasant if y c\ld exhibit a little m peace & quietness1 a little less turmoil1 a little m unadult]at+ hone/y1 a little less c>eworn look 9 y\r /reets1 z ! m>k ( y\r boa/$ civilisation4 ,y are do+ wond]s1 &1 l ,kat]felto ) 8 hair on end1 are 9 daily wond]m5t at y\r own wond]s4 ,y /eam--annihilate space & "t4 ,y h ripp$ op5 ! b[els ( k1 & well-nigh kill$ h] 9 se>* ( h] gold5 egg4 ,y are full1 to ! ?roat & eyes1 ( sci5ces & arts4 ,y are h\rly a/oni%+ y\rselves & ! _w4 ,nev]!less1 y h "o great defici5cy z to ! +r$i5ts t make up civilisation2 y are decid$ly too conceit$2 y lack *>ity2 y c\nt bygone times & peoples z no?+ & nobodies3 yet y build a great ,cry/al ,palace1 & boa/ ( x1 z if x 7 all y\r own2 :]eas ! :ole ri*es ( x1 9 ! elegances ( all arts1 are imitations ( ! works ( ^? bygone times & peoples4 ,:o is satisfi$ ) y\r model-civilisation8 ,eusebius1 is n ! "q yet to be ask$--,:at is x8 9 :at does x consi/8 h[ is x to be obta9$8 ,true civilisation has no %ams--we h too _m1 & !y arise out ( our swagg]+ & boa/+2 s t we =ce ourselves to assume e individual virtue1 ?\gh we h x n4 ,we are contemptu\s2 & contempt is a burr ( b>b>ism /ick+ to u /ill1 ev5 9 ?is 8,n9ete5? ,c5tury10 a phrase 9 ! public m\? glorify+ self-e/eem4 ,i mu/1 = ! argum5t1 g back to ! ,*9ese lady 9 h] n>r[ japann$ gilt frame4 ,z ,i h drawn my curta9s1 ,eusebius1 at ! dawn ( day1 & t placid beauty 7?\gh n to be admitt$ 9 any book ( t "n7 has smil$ ^u me f lips s delicate1 s unvoraci\s--did %e pick gra9s ( rice1 l ,am9e 9 ! ,arabian tale8--,i v]ily ?\ght %e mu/ h liv$ 9 z civilis$ an age z ours4 ,yes--p]haps %e 0 n v le>n$1 except+ 9 ,*9ese romances1 & v good le>n+ t is3 b nei!r y nor ,i1 ,eusebius1 lay v great /ress ^u k1 nor call x 8,p[]10 nor ?9k t happ9ess necess>ily gr[s out ( x4 ,"o evil ( x is1 t x unromances ! age2 & romance--:y n say x8--romance is a ma9 +r$i5t 9 true1 hone/1 unadult]at$ civilisation4 ,y w\ld pref] be+ z mad z ,don ,quixote1 & be gift$ ) 8 romance1 to be+ ! apte/ ( matt]-(-fact economi/s & mat]ial philosoph]s4 ,romance1 !n1 spr+s f ! g5]\s he>t & m9d2--me?9ks1 ,eusebius1 y are progress+1 & rea*+ "o ( ! +r$i5ts ( ?is said desid]atum1 8,civilisation40 ,z a p1 x may be d\bt$ if we are q z romantic z =m]ly2 if s1 h[ev] we may advance 9 k & sci5ces1 we are really retrograd+ f ! summum bonum ( social virtues4 ,i rememb] once he>+ a celebrat$ physician1 :o knew z mu* z mo/ m5 ( mank9d1 _! habits & mann]s1 speak ( an ,am]ican 8g5tleman10 add+1 8& he 0 a savage40 ,y c imag9e x possible1 t1 9 ! pres5ce & imp]t95ce ( ,anglo-,saxon vulg>ity1 ! grave & c\rte\s demean\r ( a s-call$ b>b>ian w\ld be a v conspicu\s virtue4 ,i read ! o!r day1 9 ,pr9ce's ,wor?ies ( ,devon1 a qua9t passage to ! po9t1 :i* mu* amus$ me = its s+ul> expression4 ,x relates to ,sir ,francis ,drake1 :o1 t\*+ at "o ( ! ,molucca ,isl&s1 01 z ! au?or words x1 8by ! k+ !re(1 a true g5tleman pagan1 mo/ hon\rably ent]ta9$40 ,( ?is 8g5tleman pagan0 ,pr9ce adds1 t he told ,g5]al ,drake 8t !y & he 7 all ( "o religion1 9 ?is respect1 t !y believ$ n 9 gods made ( /ocks & /ones1 z did ! ,portuguese2 & fur!r1 at 8 dep>ture he furni%$ him ) all ! necess>ies t he want$40 ,yet1 p]haps1 "s ( ! habits ( su* g5tlem5 pagans _h be5 sc(f$ at by ,europeans1 & (t5 met ) worse usage ?an contempt4 ,:oev] has no consid]ation = o!rs1 no indulg5ce = habits contr>y to 8 own1 ?\gh he may be born 9 nom9ally ! mo/ civilis$ nation "u ! sun1 is really a b>b>ian4 ,x 0 well said t1 ^u ! accid5tal meet+ ( ! f9e/ dre/ g5tleman1 ) a p[d]$ head1 & a tatoo$ ,indian1 he :o %\ld laugh fir/ w\ld be ! savage4 ,! well-kn[n /ory ( ! horror express$ by diff]5t p at ! disposal ( _! deceas$ p>5ts is curi\s1 %[+ t opposite actions arise f ! same feel+s4 ,9 ?is case x 0 ( filial piety4 ,"o p>ty 0 ask$ if he w\ld bury 8 fa!r 9 ! e>?8 ,he 0 amaz$ at ! "q--%ock$4 ,n = ! _w2 z an act ( piety1 he w\ld eat him4 ,! o!r1 ask$ to eat 8 fa!r1 0 hurt & disgu/$ beyond measure4 ,let u be a little m ev5 9 our judgm5ts1 & speak some:at k9dly1 if we c1 ( ^! g5tlem5 pagans all ov] ! _w4 ,we may be (t5 call$ ^u to admire _! dis9t]e/$ h]oism1 ev5 :5 lavi%$ ^u mi/ak5 objects4 ,"h is an example f ! misnam$ weak] sex--misnam$1 = !y are wond]fully gift$ ) =titude4 ,i h be5 read+ ( a poor "y creature1 wid[ ( a *ief among "s cannibal race4 ,%e 0 to h be5 immolat$1 accord+ to cu/om1 at ! burial ( h] husb&4 ,h] c\rage at ! mom5t fail$ h]3 %e 0 induc$ by1 if ,i rememb] rightly1 "s good mission>ies1 to fly1 & !y protect$ h]4 ,9 ! night %e rep5t$ ( h] irresolution1 escap$1 swam across a riv]1 & pres5t$ h]self = ! sacrifice & ! fea/4 ,s*ol>s1 y read ) love & admiration ( ,iphig5ia at ,aulis2 h] fir/ reluctance2 h] aft] self-devotion3 y h imag9$ h] y\?1 h] beauty1 s vividly pa9t$ by ! poet4 ,0 ,iphig5ia m ! h]o9e ?an ?is poor girl :om we are pleas$ to pass unhi/ori$ z a savage8 ,%e gave h]self up1 n only to dea?1 p]haps a cruel "o1 b ) ! k t %e w\ld be dev\r$ also t night4 ,iphig5ia 0 c]ta9 ( fun]al hon\rs1 ( immortal fame1 & believ$ t h] sacrifice w\ld insure victory to h] fa!r & ! ,greeks4 ,we h writt5 ex]cises at s*ool 9 praise ( ! suicide ( ,cato1 ^: act1 9 comp>ison ) ?is poor savage's1 0 c[>dice2--m ?an t1 we h be5 taught to m\? out ) applause ! blasphemy ( ! celebrat$ hexamet]1 8,victrix causa ,diis placuit s$ victa ,catoni40 ,:y %\ld we n be a little m ev5 9 our judgm5ts8 ,! poor g5tlem5 pagans ( ! isl&s w\ld cut z good a figure z hea!n ,cato1 if _! names & de$s c\ld be turn$ into tol]able ,lat91 & pass$ (f z ( ! classical age4 ,h5ley1 9 a lett] to ,swift1 tells ! spee* ( a f>m]1 :o said1 8,if ,i c\ld b get ?is same brea? out ( my body1 ,i'd take c>e1 by ,g--1 h[ ,i let x come 9 aga960 ,h5ley makes ! pi?y rem>k1 8,?is1 if x 0 put into f9e ,lat91 ,i fancy w\ld make z good a s\nd z any ,i h met )40 ,i did n mean to induce a belief1 ,eusebius1 t ! ,*9ese excell$ 9 ! f9e arts :5 ,i wrote d[n ! description ( ! ,*9ese lady4 ,! portrait _h its peculi>ities1 & w\ld n h be5 hung ^u ! l9e 9 ! ,royal ,academy4 ,i only *ose x = its hi/orical expression1 :i* spoke ( civilisation ( mann]s1 ( security1 & z conta9+ 9 itself ?+s :i* civilis$ p boa/ (4 ,b !re ! argum5t is n v mu* 9 fav\r ( ?is our 8,n9ete5? ,c5tury20 = ! *iefe/ works ( art 9 pa9t+ are ( ! c9que c5ts4 ,x is n pret5d$ t we h ?r[n into oblivi\s %ade ! ma/]s ( old celebrity2 nor t we h made bett] /atues ?an did ,phidias & ,praxiteles2 nor excell$ ! ,greeks 9 ar*itecture2 nor ev5 ! arti/ build]s ( ! ages :i* we are pleas$ to /yle 8,d>k20 s t we h at lea/ lo/ "s m>ks ( civilisation4 ,nay1 to come to ne>] times = comp>ison3 ,x w\ld be a h>d ?+ = our swagg]]s to f9d a dramati/ will+ to be tak5 by ! coll>1 & contra/$ face to face ) ! portraits ( ,%akespe>e & ,b5 ,jonson1 tak+ _! plays z _! repres5tatives4 ,!re 7 wor?ies ( a high romance 9 ! civilis$ days ( ! 8,glori\s ,gloriana40 ,:at m>ks ( ess5tial civilisation are visible 9 ! com$ies ( ,%akespe>e--:at delightful mixture ( ! real & unreal--! m9d spr++ f its own natural ela/icity above ! fogs & blight ( worldly bus9ess1 t ev] t5d to keep ! spirits f ris+6 ,& :y say com$ies8 ,trag$ies too4 ,h[ fre% is ! atmosph]e mank9d seem !n to brea!4 ,humanity is made lovable or dignifi$4 ,if we might judge ( civilisation f ! works ( writ]s ( t age1 we might be ju/ifi$ 9 pron\nc+ x mo/ civilis$1 = x 0 gov]n$ by a vivid & romantic _s4 ,take z contra/ ! lit]ature ( ,que5 ,anne's boa/$ "t4 ,x is q ( ano!r _s4 ,!re is a desc5d+1 a degradation ( ! :ole m9d4 ,!re beg9s visible worldl9ess4 ,we see man tak+ 8 "p 9 ! affairs ( ! _w = :at he c get z an individual4 ,!re is a prom95ce ( ! bus9ess1 & less made ( ! enjoym5ts ( life2--! comm]cial _s pr$om9at+1 :i* has s9ce ov]:elm$ ! imag9ative faculties1 & buri$ ! bett]1 ! m civilis$ pleasures ( life1 "u ! weight ( av>ice4 ,we are1 my de> ,eusebius1 too money-lov+ & money-gett+ to des]ve ! "n ( a ?or\ghly civilis$ p4 ,is a true & j p]ception ( ! f9e arts a sign ( civilisation8 ,:at is admir$--:at is eag]ly pur*as$--:at intellectual food d ! pur*ases convey8 ,is ! m]e visual organ gratifi$ by ! l[e/ elem5t ( ! arts--imitation--or ! m9d's eye enl>g$ to receive & love :at is great & noble8 ,9 "o s5se1 und\bt$ly1 ! art ( liv+ is bett] und]/ood1 because1 ! romance ( life fad+ away1 p]sonal com=ts & little luxuries become exig5cies1 & engross ! ?\ghts1 fill+ up ! vacancies t romance has left4 ,%all ,i %ock y1 my de> ,eusebius1 if ,i add my d\bts if lib]ty is ei!r civilisation or a sign ( x8 ,great ?+s h be5 done 9 ! _w1 :]e !re has be5 little ( x en\gh1 z well z :]e !re has be5 mu*4 ,! f9e arts are c]ta9ly n mu* indebt$ to x4 ,!re is mu* 9 ! "q :i* yet rema9s to be consid]$4 ,! que/ion$ may well ask1 z did ! hea!n philosoph] on "o m important1 & ( an inf9ite height & dep?--ano!r day ( ?\ght to answ] x1 & ea* succe$+ day ano!r /ill4 ,is civilisation t condition 9 :i* all ! human faculties may be s cont9ually ex]cis$1 z to make ! m intellectual moral & religi\s be+8 :5 ! plant humanity1 l e o!r plant1 %all by cultivation assume a new "* & ev5 appe>ance8 ,i fe> ?is condition necess>ily implies a degradation also4 ,= z 9 no /ate d ! _m rea* ! high /&>d1 equality mu/ be de/roy$1 s t inf]iority w n only h its moral m>k1 b also its additional toil1 f> above ! %>e x w\ld h suppos+ a /ate ne>] equality4 ,b !n1 x may be answ]$1 ! "q is n ab\t ! _m1 b reg>ds only examples1 )\t consid]+ numb]4 ,human plants may be exhibit$ ( extraord9>y culture & beauty--beauty t mu/ be se5 & admir$--&1 if s1 imitat$2 & ?is law ( imitation w draw 9 ! _m1 9 process ( "t1 to improvem5t4 ,v true1 ,eusebius2 & 9 a race naturally en]getic1 ?is imitation--:ile1 on ! :ole1 x w improve g5]al mann]s--creates a social vice1 affectation--:i* is vulg>ity4 ,! example ( our ,anglo-,saxon race is to ! po9t--( wondr\s en]gy1 b 9 no race "u ! sun is vulg>ity s conspicu\s4 ,if1 !n1 ! condition :i* =ces all ! human faculties to ex]tion be t ( civilis+ t5d5cy1 does x foll[ t x is "o ( ! greate/ happ9ess8 ,! hi/ory ( ! _w says manife/ly t x is n "o ( peace1 ( quietness1 ( cont5t1 ( simplicity--alas6 %all we say ( hone/y8 ,= x mu/ be confess$ civilisation acts ^u ! mix$ "* :i* e man has1 & !re=e gives progression bo? to vice & virtue4 ,man is only made great by trials2 difficulties promote en]gies4 ,x is ! law ( prep>ation = ?is _w & = ! next4 ,long1 /eep1 & ardu\s is ! way to excell5ce4 ,! v]se ( ,hesiod br+s to m9d a passage ( great] au?ority4 ,! smoo? & broad way1 & ev]-ready way1 is n s good4 8 ' 4 1 ' 1 ,k ' ' 1 40 --,,hesiod4 ,"h we h toil1 tr\ble1 & a r\gh road4 ,n[ = a little entanglem5t ( ! subject4 ,:o w sit = ?is aspirant = all ! virtues--= civilisation8 ,i look up to ! portrait ( ! ,*9ese lady1 :o fir/ set my ?\ghts ^u ?is speculation4 ,surely %e nev] got t placid d-no?+ look f any long habit ( toil & tr\ble2 %e nev] work$ h>d4 ,i confess1 ,eusebius1 z ,i "q h]1 %e does look a little m silly ?an ,i ?\ght h]4 ,%e nev] w5t ! up-hill r\gh road4 ,h[ %\ld %e8 ,%e 0 nev] %od = x2 nay1 7 ! tru? told--= ! pa9t] has judici\sly kept x out ( sight--%e _h no prop] feet to walk )al4 ,!y _h be5 p9*$ to next to no?+4 ,%e nev] c\ld h danc$2 w\ld h be5 a sorry figure 9 a ,european ball-room2 & 9 ! way %e mu/ h /ood1 w\ld h made b 7z ,goldsmi? calls x7 8a mutilat$ curtsey40 ,x is h>d to give up a fir/ idea4 ,i propos$ h] z an emblem ( civilisation--& :y n8 ,%e does n repres5t civilisation 9 its progress--9 its "w2 b 9 its result--its p]fection4 ,= look at h]1--%e /&s n up ) a bold impud5ce1 l ,luxury 9 ! 8,*oice ( ,h]cules10 puff$ up & enl>g$ 9 ! fat ( pride1 & r$d] & :it] ?an nature--a pa9t$ ,jezebel4 ,q ! rev]se4 ,%e is mo/ delicately sl5d]2 h] sub/ance is ( ! purity ( ! f9e/ ,*9a tea-cup4 ,9 fact1 %e seems to h be5 set up z ! "w ( a :ole nation's toil1--z a sign1 a model1 ( _! civilisation4 ,!y :o imag9$ su* a creature1 & set h] ^u h] legs--yet ,i c h>dly say t1 consid]+ ! feet--mu/ h made _m aft] ! same model1 or se5 _m2 & exquisite mu/ h be5 ! mann]s ( su* a piece ( life-porcela94 ,inde$1 ,eusebius1 we h greatly mi/ak5 ^! p1 ! ,*9ese4 ,i w believe _! own acc\nt ( !mselves1 & t !y 7 a poli%$ p :5 ! anci5t ,britons w5t nak$1 & pa9t$ !mselves ) woad4 ,besides1 "h is ano!r picture at h&1 cle>ly %[+ !m to h be51 z probably !y are /ill1 a s5sible p1 = !y evid5tly agree ) ! wise/ man :o said1 8,sp>e ! rod & spoil ! *ild40 ,"h !y h pictur$ a s*ool1 & ! p$agogue is flogg+ a boy1 & he has a v legitimate rod4 ,if ?is is n a m>k ( civilisation--= x c]ta9ly leaves "o1 giv+1 z x 71 a bottomry bond ( future wisdom--,i %\ld l to "k :at is4 ,bir*-buds are ! sm>t-money ( education1 & wond]fully improve ! memory )\t t\*+ ! head1 b rea*+ ! bra9 by a h>mless & di/ant sympa?y4 ,i am sure ! ,*9ese mu/ be a p well wor? /udy+2 &1 ) all our national conceit1 we may le>n a good deal f !m4 ,if we scatt] !m ab\t ) our artill]y1 & /ick !m ^u bayonets1 & despise !m because !y are innoc5t1 or h be5 till rec5tly1 9 ! arts ( de/ruction1 :o are ! mo/ savage--! slaught]$ or ! slaught]]s8 ,are we to call w>1 civilisation8 ,p]haps x may be ! 8r\gh way0 x has to pass4 ,ask ! ,cz> to answ] ! "q4 ,he w und\bt$ly say1 t x is cutt+ ! ?roats ( ! ,turks & fil*+ _! prop]ty2 & he w %[ y "o und\bt$ pro( ( ! highe/ civilisation ( mod]n times1 consummate hypocrisy--committ+ murd] by :olesale 9 ! "n ( religion4 ,%all ,i advance a seem+ p>adox8 ,civilisation is imp$$ by k--t is1 by ! mod]n dem& = x4 ,! memory becomes cramm$1 till !re be no room 9 ! bra9 = legitimate ?\ght to "w 94 ,h5ce a bewild]m5t1 a confusion ( o!r m5's ideas1 & none ( our own2 a g5]al p]plexity1 & little agreem5t among p 9 s5tim5t1 = !y h no "t left to consid] ^u _! diff]5ces4 ,! _w is ov]/ock$ ) ! mat]ials ( k1 & yet !re is ev] a dem& = m4 ,! "t ( man's be/ wisdom 0 :5 he 0 n ov]bur!n$ ) books4 ,happy are s*ol>s t s _m ( ! classics are lo/4 ,7 all t h be5 writt5 extant1 ! y\? t %\ld graduate 9 hon\rs w\ld be ! miracle ( a %ort "t1 & an idiot ! rema9d] ( 8 life4 ,!n our own lit]ature3 x is frightful to see ! bulky mon?ly catalogue ( publications4 ,_h ,i to beg9 ! _w1 ,i %\ld ?r[ d[n ! li/ 9 despair1 & pref] be+ a lit]>y fool1 ) a little common s5se4 ,besides1 ! aspirant 9 education mu/ le>n all mod]n languages also4 ,:at a quantity6 ,i made a note f a pap] publi%$1 ,novemb] #ahea4 ,"h is a quotation4 ,a lett] f ,leipsic says--8,! catalogue = ! book fair ( ,/ ,mi*ael has be5 j publi%$4 ,x results f x t dur+ ! %ort space ( "t :i* has elaps$ s9ce ! fair ( ,ea/] la/1 n few] ?an ?ree ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty new books h be5 publi%$ 9 ,g]many1 & t "o ?\s& "o hundr$ & fifty o!rs are 9 ! press4 ,m ?an "o-half ( ^! works are on sci5tific subjects40 ,m]cy on ! bra9s ( ! p6--!y w be inevitably addl$4 ,:at ) all ?is le>n+ & read+1 summ+ & analys+1 & mak+ book-%elves ( !mselves1 !y are retrograd+ 9 natural und]/&+1 :i* ought to be ! /rong f\ndation ( civilisation4 ,& !re is ! necessity gr[+ up ( read+ all ! daily pap]s beside4 ,bett]1 ,eusebius1 t ! human plant %\ld gr[1 l a cucumb]1 to belly1 & run along ! common gr\nd1 ?an %oot out su* head-se$ z is likely to come out ( su* a hotb$ "u a surfeit ( dry manure4 ,v]ily x mu/ %ortly come to pass1 t ,ignoramus w be ! wise/ if n ! kn[+e/ among u4 ,he may h common s5se1 a few flights ( imag9ation un*ok$ ) ! du/ ( le>n+1 or _m :olesome prejudices1 a great deal ( hone/ feel+1 & ) ^! homespun mat]ials keep 8 morals & religion pure1 &1 walk+ 9 humbl5ess1 rea* unaw>es ! summit ( civilisation4 ,if y ?9k him an imag9>y be+1 w$ him to ! ,*9ese ,purity 9 ! japan frame1 & no "o w write ! epi?alamium s happily z my fri5d ,eusebius4 ,i might "h h end$ my lett]1 r expect+ to receive a solution to ! great "q ?an pret5d+ to (f] "o4 ,b hav+ writt5 s f>1 & ab\t to add a conclud+ s5t5ce1 ,i receiv$ a visit f our matt]-(-fact fri5d ,b41 :om p h]eab\t call ! ,economi/ ,g5]al3 he is a pr(ess$ /ati/1 great 9 all little ?+s4 ,he is alway at "w1 volunte]+ unacceptable advices & s*emes to bo>ds ( gu>dians & ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,i told him ,i 0 writ+ to y1 & ! subject ( my lett]1--8,!n10 said he1 8,i c assi/ y4 ,! c5sus newly come out is ! ?+4 ,9 t y w le>n ev]y?+4 ,y w1 9 fact1 f9d civilisation depict$ sci5tifically4 ,i w s5d x to y40 ,we conv]s$ an h\r2 ,i promis$ to read 8 c5sus return 9 ! c\rse ( ! day4 ,he smil$ /rangely1 b said no?+4 ,i soon und]/ood :at ! smile meant1 :5 ,i saw a lab\r+ man take out ( a little c>t a huge p>cel1 :i* ^u op5+ ,i f\nd to conta9 ! ,c5sus 9 n9ete5 volumes or books1 v>y+ 9 %apes & sizes1 "s ( :i* be+ v bulky1 ,i judg$ to conta9 heavy matt]4 ,! idea ( read+ ov] & dige/+ ! ,c5sus 9 an aft]noon appe>$ n[ s ridicul\s t ,i c\ld n refra9 f laugh+ myself4 ,n9ete5 books to exam9e 9 an aft]noon6 ,x 0 evid5t !re w\ld be six mon?s' toil1 & z _m h&s z ,bri>eus want$ to turn ov] ! leaves2 to say no?+ ( ! numb] ( heads to hold ! matt]4 ,:at horsep[] eng9e 9 ! bra9 to "w up a dige/$ process equal to ! task6 ,i 01 h[ev]1 be+ some:at idle1 curi\s to see :at c\ld h made our fri5d su* an en?usia/2 ,i !re=e look$ into "s ( ! books--became int]e/$--read m & m1 ?\gh 9 a desultory mann]4 ,x is wond]ful to see society s dagu]reotyp$ 9 all its phases4 ,:at c\ld h giv5 rise to s mu* v>i$ +5uity8--,:at s*emes1 :at contrivances = gett+ at ev]y?+6--! commission]s mu/ h be5 ,titans 9 +5uity4 ,0 x ! necessity ( ! case t induc$ s mu* elaboration8 ,i h read t ! co/ ( ! ,c5sus exce$s #abj1jjj4 ,t acc\nts = x1 ,eusebius2 su* a sum is n to be clut*$ )\t "s inv5tive p[]s4 ,our fri5d ?9ks ! ,c5sus w help to solve ! "q ( civilisation2 s pray borr[ ! volumes ( an ,m4,p4 ,if y _c get at ! m>r[ ( ! ?+ y want1 y w f9d mu* = aft] speculation4 ,!re is some?+ frightful1 ,eusebius1 9 ! idea t no class ( m51 no individuals1 c h5ce=? escape ! eye ( ?is ,great ,inquisitor-,g5]al--a ,c5sus commission4 ,!re is no conceivable ?+ belong+ to man1 woman1 or *ild t may n come "u ! inspection1 & be 9 ! books1 ( ?is great ,g>gantuan ,busybody4 ,9 tru?1 he 0 born a gigantic infant 9 #ahja4 ,h]mes1 9 ! ,hom]ic hymn1 leap$ out ( 8 cradle ^u mis*iev\s err&s almo/ z soon z born3 s did our big ,busybody4 ,ere he 0 six mon?s old he took to knock+ at p's doors1 & runn+#add away4 ,he soon grew bold]1 /ood to 8 knock1 & ask$ if ,mr ,?ompson did n live !re4 ,!n he _h ! trick ( gett+ into h\ses l ! boy ,jones1 & c\nt$ ! skillets 9 ! scull]y1 ! pap-di%es 9 ! nurs]y1 turn$ ov] ! b$s 9 ! g>rets1 & book$ m5 & maids :o slept 9 !m be=e !y c\ld put _! clo!s on4 ,) a ?ir/ = dome/ic k1 he insi/$ ^u kn[+ :o 7 m>ri$ & :o n4 ,he w\ld bur/ 9 ^u a family at _! pray]s1 & note :at religion !y 7 (4 ,he w\ld "k e "o's age1 condition1 bus9ess1 & be v p>ticul> z to sex female1 :y !y m>ri$ or :y !y liv$ s+le2 he c\ld tell to a day :5 any w\ld lie 94 ,! mo/ wond]ful ?+ 0 ! pap] case he c>ri$ ) him :]ev] he w5t4 ,x w\ld h made ,g>gantua himself />e ) a/oni%m5t1 = x is said1 ^u compet5t au?ority1 to h weigh$ 8ne>ly =ty tons40 ,?is pap] case conta9$ p>ticul>s not$ d[n ( e "o's possible conc]ns4 ,he _h ano!r at home1 9 :i* he kept circul>s = di/ribution1 dem&+ fur!r in=mation4 ,x 0 said to be bigg] /ill2#ade z he grew robu/ & bold1 ( c\rse x took m to fe$ ,busybody4 ,x is almo/ incr$ible :at a numb] ( ! p's loaves he ate up 9 "o ye>2 b t !re is ! bak]'s bill to v\* = x1 no "o w\ld believe x4 ,! quantity ( food requir$ = himself & 8 num]\s reta9]s has already made him look ab\t ) "s anxiety to foi/ ^u ! c\ntry a s*eme = sure agricultural /ati/ics1 to asc]ta9 ! numb] ( loaves to ! acre4 ,x _c be said ( him1 z ( _m1 t 8 eye is bigg] ?an 8 belly1 = ! =m] _c z yet see 8bread-/uffs0 en\gh to fill ! latt]4 ,besides1 he has q an army to ma9ta9 ( (ficials1 enum]ators1 & regi/r>s1 :o all1 aft] ! mann] ( b5*]s1 mu/ eat _! way into ! univ]sal k requir$ ( !m4 ,su* is ,busybody4 ,9 my aft]noon nap1 ,i h dream$ ( him1 ,eusebius1 & (f] y ?is description ( him--8 bir?1 life1 habits1 & mann]s--z by a dream+ intuition ,i receiv$ !m4 ,:at ?9k y ( ! mon/]8 ,z p]il\s a bea/ z ! ,wood5 ,horse ( ,troy4 8,inspectura domos1 v5turaque desup] urbi40 ,x w\ld n be surpris+ if ,iri% mo!rs1 :5 !y f9d t all _! babes are regi/]$1 age & sex not$ d[n1 7 to take into _! heads t !y are to be fatt5$2 & ,swift's s*eme1 :i* a popul> au?or has unwisely *>act]is$ z s]i\s cannibalism1 is at l5g? to be realis$1 & ?us ,bigm\? ( ! old fair & puppet-%[ w appe> z ,busybody-,g5]al4 ,p]haps ! 8,k+ ( ! ,cannibal ,isl&s10 s9ce we h taught him to read & write1 w avail himself ( ?is new regi/ration sy/em2 = ) him all is alike meat 9 ! m>ket4 ,i h be5 read+ an acc\nt ( su* a p's do+s1 & f9d ! only diff]5ce betwe5 human & o!r is1 t ! =m] is sold z 8long pig10 ! o!r %ort pig4 ,i m5tion$ ! +5uity display$ 9 ! ,c5sus--turn to ! maps & diagrams4 ,y w see a map ( ,engl& & ,wales1 %ad$ s t ! dep? ( col\r %all d5ote ! d5sity ( ! population3 !re are figures also to tell ! numb] ( p]sons to a squ>e mile1 & t[ns & cities are repres5t$ by r\nd dots1 l>g] or small]1 accord+ to ! numb] ( inhabitants4 ,x is a v curi\s & pretty play?+2 b ( :at imag9able use8 ,x is l ! %ad[+ on ! maps ( ! moon4 ,london looks awful--a horrible black pit--& mu/ give *ildr51 :o w be delight$ ) ! play?+1 a notion t our great metropolis mu/ be a s9k ( iniquity4 ,cobbett's notion ( ! 8great w50 0 by no means agreeable2 to make x su* a black pit ( de/ruction is f> less flatt]+4 ,!re are diagrams also %[+1 by ! clos5ess ( dots1 ! d5sity ( population at v>i\s p]iods4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly a v +5i\s contrivance ( ! inv5tor1 = ! enl>gem5t & cont9uance ( 8 "w & employm5t2 9 a matt]1 too1 :]e1 at fir/ view1 s little 0 requir$ to be done4 ,if n m pr(itable1 x at lea/ provides z mu* amusem5t z ,diog5es af=d$ :5 he roll$ 8 tub ab\t1 to %[ t he mu/ be busy4 ,! inv5tor 01 h[ev]1 wis] ?an ! philosoph]2 = ! philosoph] aim$ at satire only1 ! inv5tor ( ! maps & diagrams at pay & pr(it4 ,ev]y?+ %\ld n[adays be turn$ into ! *annel ( education2 x might be sugge/$ to ! educational purveyors1 & to ma/]s & inspectors ( s*ools1 :o /& a *ance ( want+ some?+ to tea*1 to h ^! maps & diagrams pr9t$ *eaply on ?ick or bo>d pap]1 t1 ev5 9 _! recreation h\rs1 ! s*ol>s may le>n some?+1 & ! fav\rite 8game ( goose10 ( om9\s "n1 be pr(itably sup]s$$4 ,! two diagrams ( ,london1 ! "o = ! ye> #ahja1 ! o!r #ahea1 may s]ve q z well z ! 8,*9ese puzzle0 to ex]cise gr[+ or dull memories1 hav+ a l advantage ( n bur!n+ ! m9d1 already too full1 ) any useful k :atev]4 ,= in/ance1 x w be q sport to le>n by he>t t1 z to d5sity ( ,london 9 #ahja1 8on an av]age1 !re 7 ne>ly #cid squ>e y>ds ( l& to e p]son1 #bghd squ>e y>ds to e inhabit$ h\se40 ,z to proximity 9 #ahja1 t1 8on an av]age1 ! mean di/ance f h\se to h\se 7inhabit$7 0 ne>ly #eg y>ds2 f p]son to p]son #ba y>ds40 ,t1 z to d5sity 9 #ahea1 8on an av]age1 !re 7 ne>ly #afj squ>e y>ds ( l& to e p]son2 #abcd squ>e y>ds to e inhabit$ h\se40 ,z to proximity1 t 9 #ahea1 8on an av]age1 ! mean di/ance f h\se to h\se 7inhabit$7 0 ne>ly #ch y>ds2 f p]son to p]son #ad y>ds40 ,s t e p]son is approa*+ 8 neighb\r 9 p]son1 b n probably 9 love or lik+1 s rapidly1 z t he has already sev5 y>ds ( ! area ( 8 lib]ty tak5 f him s9ce #ahja4 ,x w be com=tably & philosophically answ]$1 t mo/ ( ^? :o enjoy$ t lib]ty 9 #ahja1 m ?an half a c5tury ago1 _c compla91 = !y are n[ sil5t1 & 9 less space1 t ( six feet by f\r2 & t ! pres5t g5]ation easily accommodate !mselves 9 less space1 hav+ ! bett] lib]ty ( mak+ m noise4 ,^! are ! trifles1 ! games1 & ! plays t amuse *ildr5 six feet high4 ,let !m by all means roll ab\t _! tub 9 ! /reets1 if !y w rema9 cont5t$ ) _! sport & _! wages4 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 we may bo? ( u surmise & fe>1 done f> less innoc5t "w4 ,x is n pleasant to "k t ! pure1 *a/e secresy ( y\r h\se has be5 invad$1 tak5 possession (1 & is no long] exclusively y\rs2 t y are 9 "n or 9 numb]1 z ,no4 #a or ,no4 #b1 put away 9 a pigeon-hole some:]e 9 t black pit y h se5 9 ! map1 to be drawn out1 "o ( ^! days1 at ! w ( any imp]t95t (ficial1 & fur!r que/ion$1 p]haps1 z ! phrase is1 squeez$1 :5 any?+ is to be got out ( y4 ,y may h a commission s5t d[n to y\r h\se1 & take possession ( x1 = "s scrut9y or o!r1 :ile y are tak+ y\r morn+ walk2 on y\r return1 y w f9d two or ?ree commission]s h coolly tak5 y\r jo9t (f ! spit1 & are politely dr9k+ y\r heal? out ( y\r *oice/ %]ry2 & z an excuse ( extraord9>y bus9ess1 "q y ab\t ! age & prop]ty ( y\r great-gr&mo!r deceas$4 ,h[ d y or ,i "k :at use w be made ( all ^! regi/]$ p>ticul>s ab\t u8 ,x w\ld be f> pleasant] to be let alone4 ,i h an antipa?y to curi\s que/ion+ p4 ,dr ,frankl91 :5 he came to a /range place1 kn[+ ! inquisitive disposition ( ! p1 us$ to say at once1 8,my "n is ,b5jam9 ,frankl92 ,i come f su* a place1 & am go+ to su* a place2 age s & s1 & on su* bus9ess2 & n[ let me h out a horse40 ,i %\ld = "o l to comp\nd ) ?is scrut9is+ gov]nm5t1 on condition ( exemption f place 9 _! books1 to put out weekly po/$ to my door ! names1 ages1 & sex ( e inmate1 ) a di>y ( _! employm5ts ! six days2 reque/+ n to be call$ to acc\nt = my "t on ! hall[$ sev5?4 ,!re is no *ance ( su* a composition be+ accept$ on _! "p2 = y w see1 ,eusebius1 !re is no?+ !y are s busy ab\t z to "k :at religion y are (4 ,!re is a sep>ate book = ?is v purpose2 nay1 !y g f>!r--!y h sup]s$$ all kn[n au?orities 9 ^! matt]s1 & h dictat$ :at %all be y\r cre$1 giv+ y only a latitude ( 8,*ur*es0--su* !y call e d5om9ation 9 _! ,report pres5t$ to ,p>liam5t1 & h] ,maje/y1 :o z yet happily has recognis$ b "o ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 9 :i* matt] ! ,report is und\bt$ly at v>iance ) ! fundam5tal law ( ! ,con/itution1 & passes a k9d ( insult+ sugge/ion ^u h] ,maje/y's highe/ pr]ogative1 h] v cr[n & dignity4 ,?is is a matt] = o!r consid]ation2 ! religi\s ,report mu/ be exam9$2 ,i only see at pres5t1 & note ! fact1 t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is put d[n z b "o ( ! sects4 8,increase & multiply0 0 at ! beg9n+1 & f ! beg9n+ to ?is day is1 ! ,div9e comm&4 ,"s w\ld inf] t !re mu/ be a bless+ att5d+ ob$i5ce to x1 o!rs w\ld 9 "p abrogate ! law1 &1 ) ,mal?us1 admit no cr[d+ at ! b\ntiful table :i* nature supplies4 ,! presumption fairly is1 t z security to life & happ9ess is ! ma9 cause ( increase2 view+ ?is _w only1 su* increase mu/ be a great good1 & x implies advancem5t 9 civilisation1 :i* possibly may n be ill def9$ z ! art ( promot+ life & happ9ess4 ,x includes moral advancem5t4 ,b ! b5efic5ce ( our ,mak] all[s u to look beyond ?is _w4 ,h5ce1 ! awful ?\ght1 & ! responsibility incurr$ by its increase ( population1 is an increase ( immortal s\ls4 ,!re is a dep? 9 ?is argum5t beyond my scope4 ,x is a curi\s fact :i* ?is ,c5sus %[s4 ,9 #ahja1 ! population ( ,great ,brita9 0 #aj1egh1ief2 9 #ahea1 x _h rea*$ #bj1iei1dgg4 ,?us ! population has ne>ly d\bl$ 9 fifty ye>s4 ,b fur!r1 8,! population ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 includ+ ! army1 navy1 & m]*antseam51 0 #ba1bgb1ahg 9 #ahba1 & ab\t #bg1gbd1hdi 9 #ahea2 b 9 ! int]val #b1fhe1gdg p]sons emigrat$1 :o1 if simply add$ to ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 make ! survivors & desc5dants ( ! races )9 ! ,briti% ,isles 9 #ahba1 n[ #cj1daj1eie40 ,p]haps1 ,eusebius1 y nev] consid]$ t y h only "r & title to a c]ta9 limit$ area1 to live & brea! 91 9 ?is y\r belov$ c\ntry4 ,y\r area is becom+ m circumscrib$ e day4 ,p are approximat+ fe>fully4 ,y may come to t\* v disagreeable p2 at pres5t y are only a few y>ds ap>t4 ,!re are two ?+s1 accord+ to ?is ,c5sus1 ?reat5+ y--8d5sity0 & 8proximity40 ,= 8d5sity0 a ,fr5* writ] proposes 8specific population aft] ! analogy ( specific gravity10 s t if !re be an accel]at+ ratio1 y may be run 9 ^u & cru%$ by y\r neighb\rs1 aft] ! annihilat+ pr9ciple ( "s ( our railroads4 ,i rememb] :5 a boy he>+ an old g5tleman make a curi\s calculation1 equalis+ rights to ! air we brea!4 ,he came to ! conclusion t a man :o smok$ tobacco took up m room 9 ! atmosph]e ?an he _h any "r to4 ,?is1 n[ t we are s rapidly approximat+1 ought1 y w ?9k1 to come "u ! consid]ation ( ! ,legislature4 ,see y\r dang]--8! p ( ,engl& 7 on an av]age "o hundr$ & fifty-?ree y>ds asund] 9 #ahja1 & "o hundr$ & eight y>ds asund] 9 #ahea40 ,?us ! regul> go]s1 ! _w-walk]s1 are com+ 9 ^u y2 b !re are "s z erratic z comets1 ^: contiguity y w dread4 ,i say ?is is y\r dang]1 = y d n suppose su* inf9ite pa9s w\ld h be5 tak51 & su* va/ exp5se incurr$1 m]ely out ( idle curiosity to give y ?is in=mation4 ,p]haps x is k9dly meant to give y a h9t t y\r room w\ld be pref]r$ to y\r company4 8,tempus abire tibi e/40 ,m ?an ?is--n only p]sons1 b h\ses are encroa*+ ^u ea* o!r4 8,! mean di/ance ap>t ( _! h\ses 0 ?ree hundr$ & sixty-two y>ds 9 #ahja1 & two hundr$ & fifty-two y>ds 9 #ahea40 ,y see1 !n1 y mu/ n only set y\rself 9 ord] to dep>t1 b y mu/ 8set y\r h\se 9 ord]0 also4 ,x is really a/oni%+ t ! ,c5sus ,commission %\ld h tak5 su* a _w ( tr\ble 9 mak+ calculations :i*1 at fir/ sight1 look s pu]ile2 we mu/ only conclude1 t someh[ or o!r ! lab\r is z mu* wor? ! hire1 z ! lab\r] is wor?y 8 hire4 ,i d>e to say1 among y\r ignorances1 y are ignorant ( ?is1 t ! ,briti% ,isles are at lea/ five hundr$ 9 numb]4 8,five hundr$ isl&s & rocks h be5 numb]$1 b inhabitants 7 only f\nd & di/+ui%$ on ! morn+ ( ,m>* #ca1 #ahea1 9 "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five isl&s1 or gr\ps ( isl&s40 ,i _c v well tell :at is meant by 8di/+ui%$10 b y w p]ceive t !re is a *ance1 if y fe> ! 8cru%+ d5sity & proximity0 ( escape to "o ( ^! isl&s1 z yet un9habit$1 :]e y may exi/ )\t contact or contagion1 z a v 8di/+ui%$0 individual4 ,y may be ano!r ,alex&] ,selkirk1 & 8mon>* ( all y survey10 & h ! hon\r ( a di/9ction1 9 ! next c5sus1 n[ enjoy$ by a lone lady4 ,y w be enum]at$ z1 & z solely tak+ c>e (1 numb] "o4 ,!re are ,briti% isles t h ea* b two inhabitants4 8,little ,papa0 has b "o--a woman2 & 8,in*colm "o solit>y man40 ,:at ?9k y ( ?is 8la/ man0 & ?is 8la/ woman10 ea* ^u 8 or h] 8ultima ,?ule80 ,! mo!rless man-hat+ woman1 9 contempt ( ! p>5tal "n1 alone tread+ "u foot 8,little ,papa40 ,! 8solit>y man10 if1 z is likely he be1 bruti%1 may live out ( ! fe> ( a rec5t ,act ( ,p>liam5t4 ,= if he disda9s ! m>ital luxury1 he _c be puni%$ = beat+ 8 wife4 ,! writ] ( ^! /ati/ics1 aw>e t !re is a good deal ( dry matt]1 prud5tly spr9kles x ) a little saltwat] poetry4 ,?us1 z a k9d ( preface to ^! ,briti% isl&s1 he says1 8,! ,sc&9avian race survives 9 its desc5dants r\nd ! coa/s ( ! ,briti% ,isles1 & ! s\l ( ! old ,vik+ /ill burns 9 ! seam5 ( ! ,briti% fleet1 9 ! ,deal boatm51 9 ! fi%]m5 ( ! ,orkneys1 & 9 t adv5tur\s1 bold1 direct1 skilful1 m]cantile class1 t has encircl$ ! _w by its peaceful conque/s4 ,:at ! ,greeks 7 9 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 ! ,sc&9avians h be5 9 ! ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,a population ( a race on ! isl&s & ! isl& coa/s1 impregnat$ ) ! sea1 9 fix+ its t]ritorial b\nd>ies w\ld exhibit b little sympa?y ) ! remon/rat+ ,roman poet1 9 8 ,sab9e f>m ov] ! ,m$it]ranean3 #8,nequidquam ,deus abscidit ,prud5s occano dissociabili ,f]as1 si tam5 impi ,non tang5da rates trausiliunt vada4'0 ,a writ] or compil] ( /ati/ics %\ld ride 8 own hobby4 ,pegasus is h>d-m\!d to 8 h&2 if he attempts ! use ( ! curb1 he is ?r[n1 & ?us is sure to be run away )4 ,s "h he has got q beyond ! gr\nd ( matt]-(-fact4 ,by ! ,vik+s' s\l 9 ! ,briti% seam5--! burn+ s\l too--he decl>es himself ( ! ,py?agorean philosophy1 q gratuit\sly2 & 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce c>ries 8 transmigration notions to a /range b practical conclusion1 = he tells u ( a race 8impregnat$ ) ! sea10 imag+ sailors' mo!rs & wives z m]maids--t is1 previ\s to ! m>9e & m>ital alliances2 by :i* unacc\ntable flight ( poetic diction1 ,i presume1 he means only t ! sea 0 r a r\gh nurs+-"m3 & h[ c\ld he imag9e t su* an untutor$ race ev] read1 or c\ld read1 a syllable ( :at ,horace wrote8 ,d\btless1 he mu/ h be5 we>y1 c\nt+ up ^! five hundr$ mo/ly b>r5 isl&s1 &1 com+ 9 ! li/ to 8,rum10 x mu/ h made = him a com=table sugge/ion2 & 9 consequ5ce1 a pretty /iff tumbl] set all 8 ideas at once afloat1 & poetically1 8half seas ov]0 among ! isl&s1 /e]+1 h[ev]1 /eadily1 z he 0 b\nd t[>ds ,mull ,port1 & ! m pleasant hospitality ( its #gdhe inhabitants4 ,hav+ desc5d$ f ?is m>9e ,pegasus1 ! au?or proce$s 9 8 /ati/ics4 ,! numb] ( inhabit$ h\ses 9 ,great ,brita9 9 #ahja am\nt$ to #a1hgj1dgf2 9 #ahea1 to #c1fdh1cdg3 ^! conta9$ #d1cab1chh families--p]sons1 #bj1haf1cea4 ,?us x is se5 t ! numb] ( h\ses s9ce #ahja is ne>ly d\bl$4 ,h[ commonly we boa/1 ,eusebius1 ( ?+s t h pass$ away6 ,y he> x n[ (t5 said t an ,engli%man's h\se is 8 ca/le1 ! g>rison ( :i* has be5 hi!rto suppos$ to be kn[n only to himself4 ,!re has be5 an idea t n only ! ma/]1 b all d[n to ! v scullion1 are ready to /& ) spits & skillets to keep out unwelcome invad]s2 :]eas ! tru? is1 z %[n 9 ?is ,c5sus1 t ! ca/le has its gov]nm5t inspector1 :o notes d[n & regi/]s ! numb]s1 ages1 names1 sexes1 & occupations ( e individual ! said ca/le conta9s4 ,h\ses are a v nice tangible prop]ty = ! conv5i5ce ( gov]nm5t taxation2 by judici\s scrut9y1 ( :i* ! ,c5sus ,commission provides ample means1 x w be easily asc]ta9$ :at ea* family has to live ^u2 or1 :at is q ! same ?+ = ! gett+ ! taxation1 :at on 8an av]age0 ! ,commission]s may ?9k ! said family ought to h to live ^u2 ?us ! income-tax is facilitat$ 9 computation & collection4 ,^! are surely encroa*m5ts1 t1 by little & little1 are dom9e]+ ov] ! subjects' lib]ty4 ,!re are o!r ,acts ( ,p>liam5t also :i* affect ?is lib]ty 9 ! 8ca/le20 "s g5]al1 "s local4 ,9 few places c a man make alt]ations 9 8 build+1 inside or out1 )\t an application = cons5t1 & ( c\rse a fee to "s commission] or o!r4 ,if he succe$s1 !re is a fur!r p5alty ^u 8 improvem5ts1 ?\gh !y may h be5 requir$ = ! v heal? ( 8 family4 ,he has1 ?r\gh ?is ,c5sus scrut9y1 to pay a tax ^u 8 improvem5ts1 nor is he all[$ any d$uction = repairs4 ,?is ,engli%man's ca/le1 !n1 y see1 is z mu* besieg$ z ,bom>sund6 ,at fir/ x 0 pretty well ?r[n out ( its own w9d[s by ! w9d[-tax1 & is always at ! m]cy ( commissions1 :e!r x %all or %all n be turn$ out ( doors4 ,_m a "o is !re t has a t5-p\nd batt]y play+ ^u x all ! ye> r\nd4 ,if1 we>y ( wat*+ y\r besieg]s1 y turn y\rself out ( h\se1 & live a rambl+1 rov+ life h[ y c1 y w n s easily escape2 y w h an inspector aft] y ) note-book & ink-horn1 & y w be book$ & pigeon-hol$ = fur!r use :5 want$4 8,f9ally1 !re is ! population sleep+ 9 b>ns1 9 t5ts1 & 9 ! op5 air1 compris+1 ) "s hone/1 "s un=tunate p out ( employm5t1 or tempor>ily employ$1 gypsies1 begg>s1 /roll]s1 vagabonds1 vagrants1 outca/s1 crim9als4 ,! enum]ation ( ! h\seless population1 unsettl$ 9 families1 is necess>ily imp]fect1 & ! actual numb] mu/ exce$ ! #ah1bdi return$2 namely1 #iigb 9 b>ns1 & #hbgg 9 ! op5 air40 ,! poor /roll]s6 :y %\ld !y be /igmatis$ & class$ ) vagabonds1 vagrants1 outca/s1 & crim9als8 are !y n foll[+ _! lawful vocation1 & do+ some?+1 z x is hop$ !y are1 t[>ds civilis+ ! p ?r\gh legitimate amusem5t8 ,is ! compil] ( ^! /ati/ics a desc5dant ( ! old ,puritans1 & /ill reta9+ an unw>rantable prejudice8 ,x 7 bett] he _h ! *>ity ( ! *imney-sweep] boy1 :o remon/rat$ ) a bro!r sweep1 :o po9t$ 8 f+] at ,g>rick 9 ! /reets1 & said1 8,!re be "o ( ! play]-folk40 8,don't say s10 said ! discreet "o1 8= !e do/n't "k :at !e & ,i may come to40 ,b ,i "k1 z y r patronise gypsies1 y w be pleas$ to he> t "o tribe ( !m baffl$ ! (ficials4 8,x is m5tion$ 9 "o in/ance t a tribe ( gypsies /ruck _! t5ts1 & pass$ into ano!r p>i% 9 ord] to escape enum]ation40 ,! great k+ :om we read ( 9 hi/ory1 :o1 9 ! excess ( 8 felicity1 ?\ght x ne$ful to h a flapp] appo9t$ to rem9d him e day t he 0 mortal1 ?\gh he 0 made ! example ( _m a !me 9 our s*ool days1 ,i look ^u n[ z a v silly fell[4 ,i h (t5 he>d y express y\r dislike ( any imp]t95t mem5to moris--y h ev5 ?\ght x irreligi\s1 & un?ankful = pres5t good2 & t5d+ to *ill ! life-blood1 ! little t is left 9 ! old1 & to ?r[ a wet blanket ov] ! *e]fulness ( ! "y1 out ( :i* *e]fulness ela/ic manhood is to spr+1 & to take ^u itself to d ! manly responsible duties ( life vigor\sly4 ,i repeat t y h always ma9ta9$1 t to ?ru/ a mem5to mori 9 e man's face1 or to c>ve x ^u 8 walk+-/ick1 is irreligi\s1 because x is ess5tial un?ankfulness4 ,x is n pleasant1 c]ta9ly1 to h "o's days numb]$ by o!r p1 & s5t to y 9 circul>s4 ,i knew "o ( ^! life-calculators2 a cl]gyman call$ to condole ) him on ! rec5t dea? ( 8 wife4 ,all he c\ld get f him 0 p>tly a submission to a necessity1 & p>tly a congratulation t dea? _h n tak5 him4 8,yes1 sir10 said he1 8if ,a does n die1 9 all probability ,b w2 & if nei!r ,a nor ,b die1 ,c mu/40 ,y w be indignant1 b y\r philosophy w h ! pleasure ( its indignation1 if ,i po9t$ out to y\r notice ,busybody's table ( mortality4 ,:5 la/ he knock$ at y\r door1 & book$ y\r age1 did 8 eyebr[s ar* ) surprise8 ,eusebius1 t look meant to tell y t y _h no "r :atev] at t mom5t to be alive4 ,he long$ to fil* y\r "n out ( 8 pigeon-hole ( life4 ,y are a hale man1 & w1 ,i hope1 do+ s mu* good z y d1 outlive a c\ple ( c5suses yet4 ,h y\r eye ^u ,busybody :5 he next appe>s2 n l ,dea?1 ) "o ( 8 w>n+s1 b ready to receive a c]tificate ( burial4 ,!re is a table %[+ h[ v few :o 7 alive 9 #ahja are n[ liv+1 & s on1 at e succe$+ c5sus4 8,by ! ,engli% ,life ,table x is %[n t ! half ( a g5]ation ( m5 ( all ages passes away 9 ?irty ye>s1 & t m ?an ?ree 9 e f\r ( _! numb] die 9 half a c5tury40 ,b ,i pass by ?is unwelcome subject--nor w ,i be ! "o to say to y or to any man1 8,proximus ardet1 ,ucalegon40 ,let ,ucalegon's h\se escape if x c4 ,x is m agreeable to contemplate bir?s ?an dea?s4 ,!re is some?+ v curi\s 9 t hidd5 law :i* evid5tly regulates ! proportion ( ! sexes to ea* o!r4 ,x has be5 commonly ?\ght t ! males h exce$$ ! females1 9 ord] to make all[ance = ! great] wa/e ( life to :i* ! males are subject by w>s & ! elem5ts4 ,b ! facts %[ ! contr>y4 8,! numb] ( ! male population ( ,great ,brita9 0 #aj1chf1jdh1 ( ! female population #aj1gce1iai2 ! females exce$$ ! males by #cdi1hga2 & ! males at home 7 #aj1bbc1eeh2 consequ5tly ! females exce$$ by #eab1cfa ! males 9 ,great ,brita94 ,to e #ajj1jjj females ! males 7 #if1gda1 includ+ #aech males abroad1 ! exclusion ( :om leaves #ie1bjc males at home4 ,! excess ( females ov] males 0 ne>ly ! same proportionally 9 #ahja & #ahea4 ,?us1 9 #ahja1 to e #ajj1jjj males !re 7 #ajc1cec females2 9 #ahea1 ! females 7 #ajc1cfi to ! same numb] ( males4 ,! proportion 9 bo? p]iods 0 ne>ly #cj males to #ca females40 ,x may be inf]r$ f ?is t !re is r a great] wa/e ( female life ?an ( male4 ,x w\ld be wor? :ile to asc]ta9 h[ long ?is excess has be5 f\nd to h tak5 place2 ,i am incl9$ to suspect t ! unheal?y employm5ts ( "y wom51 to s l>ge an ext5t1 may h be5 ! cause2 = x seems to be ! law ( nature to make a supply = ! great] wa/e4 ,humanity requires a /rict scrut9y into ! heal?y or delet]i\s employm5ts ( "y wom51 especially 9 our manufactur+ di/ricts1 to acc\nt = ?is excessive supply1 t z f> z is possible "s rem$ial measures may be adopt$4 ,t all is regulat$ by a law ( ,provid5ce1 !re c be no d\bt 9 any m9d4 ,my pres5t k ( ! ,c5sus is entirely conf9$ to ! ,report ,no4 #a ( #ahea4 ,i %all look to ! second ,"p = an elucidation ( ?is problem4 ,x is surpris+1 h[ev]1 on ! :ole1 to see h[ ev5ly ! sexes are balanc$2 x w\ld be a speculation n un9t]e/+ to see :at causes may h induc$ occasional v>iations4 ,?us speaks ! ,report3 8,! sexes h app>5tly increas$ at diff]5t rates 9 c]ta9 dec5n>ies1 b ! av]age annual rates ( increase ?r\gh ! :ole p]iod h be5 s ne>ly ! same 7males #a4cbh1 females #a4cbi p] c5t7 z to cause a slight diff]5ce only 9 ! ?ird decimal place1 & h diff]$ little f #a annually4 ,! dec5nial rates ( increase 71 males #ad4ajh1 females #ad4aaa40 ,! 8law ( population10 z x relates to proportion ( sexes1 is a my/]y4 ,no human polity c provide = t4 ,x is pla9 to see1 h[ev]1 t !re is a wise1 b5evol5t1 sup]9t5d+ p[] :i* makes & ma9ta9s ! law 9 a j equilibrium4 ,:e!r p %all m>ry or no may dep5d on human laws & civil in/itutions2 :e!r due enc\ragem5t be giv51 or ! rev]se4 ,we le>n f ,h]odotus t among ! ,sauromat1 a p 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe & ,asia1 ! wom5 dress$ 9 ! habits ( m51 &1 l !m1 engag$ 9 battle2 t none 7 all[$ to m>ry till %e %all fir/ h kill$ h] man4 ,h5ce x happ5$1 we are fur!r told1 t _m di$ old maids1 nev] hav+ be5 able to fulfil ! conditions4 ,h[ any population c\ld be kept up "u ! exi/5ce ( su* a law1 no "o n[ c "q ! hi/orian4 ,i suppose1 f ! necessity ( ! case1 t a re=m 0 dem&$1 & m peaceful m>riages 7 ! fir/-fruits ( a free trade4 ,x mu/ h be5 an adv5tur\s ?+ = a man to m>ry a woman :o _h once kill$ h] man to obta9 "o husb&2 he might h liv$ 9 cont9ual fe> t %e might kill a second man to h ano!r husb&4 ,x appe>s t m>riage1 ?\gh x is nom9ally free1 is "u re/riction2 7 x o!rwise1 ! increase ( population w\ld be f> great]4 8,9 ord9>y times a l>ge proportion ( ! m>riageable wom5 ( e c\ntry are unm>ri$40 ,! writ] might h sp>$ 8 ink2 b he adds3 8,& ! mo/ direct action on ! population is produc$ by _! ent]+ ! m>riage /ate40 ,z "o example may s]ve a g5]al purpose1 ! ,c5sus gives t ( ! s\?-ea/]n division1 compris+ ,surrey1 ,k5t1 ,sussex1 ,hants1 & ,b]ks1 9 :i* 8! numb] ( wom5 ( ! age ( #bj1 & "u #de1 am\nt$ at ! la/ ,c5sus to #bij1bji1 ( :om #afi1hjf 7 wives1 & #abj1djc 7 sp9/]s or wid[s4 #di1iig bir?s 7 regi/]$ 9 ! same c\nties dur+ ! ye> #ahej1 or #aj *ildr5 7 born 9 #ahej to e #eh wom5 liv+ 9 #ahea40 ,x is to be presum$ t among matrimonial *ances e lot is a prize4 ,! difficulty ( a *oice1 :]e multitudes assemble1 ma9ta9s a law ( hesitation--( indecision--by :i* x happ5s t celibacy becomes wise1 & is fond ( repeat+ ! philosoph]'s advice z to ! "t to m>ry3 if "y1 n yet2 if middle-ag$1 wait2 if old1 nev]4 ,let u see h[ ! rev]se op]ates :]e ! *oice is v limit$4 ,/ ,kilda1 9 ! p>i% ( ,h>ris1 is #gj miles away f ! ma9l& 9 ! ,we/]n ,hebrides2 ! population is #aaj--dh males1 #fb females2 #cb families 9 #cb h\ses4 8,!re are #ai m>ri$ c\ples on ! isl&1 #b wid[]s1 #h wid[s4 ,five unm>ri$ m51 #e unm>ri$ wom5 ( ! age ( #bj1 & "u #df40 ,"o w\ld imag9e ^! _h only to meet & to m>ry4 ,five is no great *oice2 ! great] ha/e1 y w\ld suppose1 to take a p>tn]4 ,is ! solution to be f\nd 9 ?is extraord9>y fact1 t !re is no cl]gyman to unite ! c\ples resid5t on ! isl&8 ,! five c\ples mu/ wait2 & z ! cl]gyman on ! ma9l& may hesitate to g #adj miles to m>ry "o c\ple1 he is probably wait+ = all five to come to a decision4 ,x mu/ h be5 "s su* un=tunate place z ,/ ,kilda :i* suppli$ ! wit to ! epigrammati/ ^u ! "q ( m>riages ceas+ else:]e1 ! prie/ ass]t+ t wom5 are n to be f\nd !re2 ! reply be+-- 8,wom5 !re are1 b ,i'm afraid ,!y _c f9d a prie/40 8,on ,/ ,kilda10 says ! ,c5sus1 8!re is a manse & a *ur*1 b no m$ical man--no cl]gyman resid5t on ! isl&40 ,w ! _w be bett]1 ,eusebius1 = all ^! /ati/ics2 w civilisation be "o jot advanc$1 by regi/]+ our tailors z well z _! paletots8--by kn[+ h[ _m t9k]s !re are 9 ! _w to m5d our kettles8 ,!y w1 be sure ( x1 trudge ab\t j ! same1 & d _! "w z badly or z well z be=e4 ,all trades w be gov]n$ by _! own in/9cts1 )\t ! lea/ diff]5ce2 unless1 inde$1 /ati/ics take a m useful turn1 & fix _! /igma ^u ! adult]ators ( goods4 ,we may h reason to say some?+ 9 fav\r ( ! ,scrutinizer,general1 :5 he c tell u :]e ! w9es call$ port are manufactur$ t nev] came f ,portugal1 & :o make !m2 :o adult]ates our drugs1 s t p are dy+ = lack ( ! g5u9e2 :o1 9 fact1 poison all we eat & dr9k1 & put devils'-du/ on our backs = wooll5 clo?4 ,x is v little to ! purpose to h ! numb] ( ?ieves & rascals t infe/ ! _w1 if ! ,augean /able ( crime is left uncleans$4 ,if di%one/y %\ld ev] be driv5 out ( common trades1 :i* x has s notori\sly infect$1 a great ?+ w\ld be done2 & we might be> ) a grateful quietude m numb]+ & regi/]+ ( u & all our conc]ns ?an we q l2 al?\gh x surely is n necess>y = ?is to c>ry on su* espionage z ?is ,c5sus conta9s4 ,p]haps ev5 its absurdity is dang]\s1 = x induces p to fix _! m9ds ^u t1 n ^u its ult]ior purposes4 ,:ile m5 are laugh+ at ?+s1 wilily ridicul\s 9 !mselves1 !y "k n :at mis*ief is secretly brew+4 ,i ma9ta9 t x is a great (f5ce 9 any way to t\* ! sanctity ( ! he>?--t :at economi/s & /ati/ic inv5tors may please to call public lib]ty1 %\ld be all[$ to de/roy home lib]ty4 ,x is some?+ mon/r\s t e "o %\ld be oblig$ to give an acc\nt ( e inmate 9 8 h\se1 _! ages1 conditions1 & _! relation%ip4 ,x is bett] to let "s ( ! peccadilloes ( life escape notice1 ?an regi/] !m & ! h\se4 ,if ,miss or ,mrs ,debora ,wilk9s %all receive "u h] hospitality a big nephew1 x is v h>d ^u h] to be oblig$ to c]tify ! exact relation%ip1 or induce h] into ! great error ( writ+ d[n a falsehood4 ,m5 may be a little m c>eless 9 su* matt]s1 b fem99e nicety is t\*$ to ! quick4 ,i rememb] once an ,iri%man walk+ into a draw+-room1 & introduc+ to ! lady ( ! h\se a tall y\?1 z1 8,give me leave to introduce my nephew20 !n putt+ 8 h& aside ( 8 m\?1 he add$1 9 a :isp] :i* may be truly t]m$ ,iri%1 = x 0 q z l\d z ! fir/ introduction1 8he's my son40 ,c\ld y1 hav+ any b[els ( compassion1 extort a l confession f su* an unprotect$ female z ,miss ,debora8 ,a regi/ration commission might1 if enc\rag$1 h]eaft] ransack h] un=tunate boxes to f9d baby-l954 ,is !re to be no?+ b "o rigid rule--no *>ity %[n to sex & age--b ! unsp>+ discov]y ( bo? on t fatal #cj? ( ,m>*8 ,mu/ no female1 !n1 escape to h] lov]'s arms 9 male attire--no 8lubb]ly boy0 pass = a sweet ,anne ,page1 t sweet ,anne ,page fall n to ! lot ( a fool8 ,mu/ foibles1 frailties1 & follies be all regi/]$ 9 damnatory s*$ules8 ,surely !re might be a little dec5t connivance1 su* z w\ld sp>e ! two village ladies1 :o1 be+ born 9 ! same anno ,dom9i1 annually visit$ ea* o!r to det]m9e :at %\ld be _! ages = ! ensu+ ye>4 ,_! only com=t w be 9 brib]y & corruption1 :i* !y w be ?ankful is n yet put d[n1 & a fee w sp>e :at un*>itable c5sus w\ld expose4 ,!re may be some?+ 9 attack+ crimes & discov]+ frauds :i* t\* ! :ole community4 ,^! are n mu* h>b\r$ 9 homes1 b 9 public-h\ses1 & 9 %ops1 :i* are n homes1 b z hav+ a public "*1 & giv+ public invitation to all to ent] !m1 ought to come "u "s k9d ( surveillance2 b :5 ! citiz5 %uts 8 /reet-door1 let none =ce an entrance4 ,let no ,asmodeus take (f 8 ro(1 & publi% ! )9 little hi/ories1 nor make gimlet-holes 9 walls & ceil+s4 ,su* do+s are b1 z at pres5t1 a slight exagg]ation or c>icature ( a c5sus4 ,let !re be a police1 & a good "o2 ev5 ) mu* secret scrut9y all[$ !m1--x is = ! public safety2 b !re let x end 9 its admitt$ au?ority4 ,make n a police ( a c5sus commission1 nor let ! "o int]f]e ) or usurp ! (fice ( ! o!r4 ,let a c5sus be cont5t to numb] ! p--a police take crime "u its cognisance4 ,! undy+1 ev]-see+1 & act+ arrangem5t ( a police is "o ( ! mo/ curi\s ph5om5a ( society4 ,= revolutions t appe> to ov]turn ev]y?+1 sc>cely t\* a well-ord]$ police2 ! excell5ce ( :i* is1 t x lives & moves unse51 unfelt1 by ! good--t x is a protector4 ,i rememb] ye>s ago read+ an anecdote %[+ ! p]fection ( ! old ,p>isian police4 ,a g5tleman _h soj\rn$ 9 ,p>is a week or two1 :5 "o day he 0 reque/$ to att5d at ! police-(fice4 ,he 0 surpris$ :5 told h[ he _h occupi$ himself s9ce he _h be5 9 ,p>is--:at h\ses he _h frequ5t$1 :at fri5ds visit$1 :at bus9ess he _h transact$4 ,he 0 f9ally ask$ ! home-"q1 8,are y a man ( c\rage--c y rely ^u y\rself80 ,he ?\ght he might4 ,!n he 0 told t !re 0 a plot to murd] him 9 8 b$ t night--t 8 own s]vant 0 9 conspiracy ) o!rs = t purpose4 ,he 0 desir$ to g to b$ z usual1 &1 if he did n sleep1 to appe> to sleep1 & to fe> no?+4 ,9 ! night he he>d 8 room-door op51 a p]son or p]sons ent]--he knew /eps 7 s(tly approa*+ 8 b$--he fanci$ ! arm uplift$ to murd] him4 ,8 reliance & 8 c\rage fail$ him n4 ,"u 8 b$1 & else:]e 9 8 room1 soldi]s _h be5 secret$4 ,to make ! /ory %ort1 8 s]vant & ! accomplices 7 tak54 ,! c5sus :i* a police quietly makes has an object ( g5]al safety4 ,x has its "o pursuit4 ,x has its p>ticul> game1 & we may well give x its lic5se4 ,by x we sleep safely 9 our b$s4 ,x does its complicat$ b def9$ "w sil5tly2 :]eas ! o!r c5sus is p]petually knock+ at e man's door1 to ask imp]t95t que/ions4 ,x is a p]petual w>n+ to 8bew>e ! ,ides ( ,m>*20 = !n x w come & toss ! clo!s (f y\r b$ at e>lie/ dawn1 le/ y %\ld rise & escape2 & y mu/ give an acc\nt ( all ! b$s1 & all :o slept 9 !m4 ,& :at is all ?is di/urbance =8 ,= no e>?ly good t any ( ! p]secut$ c yet see1 b all mi/ru/ ! end4 ,mu/ e "o ( u h a ticket & numb] on 8 back8 ,x is ! same ?+1 if he & 8 conc]ns1 & all ! relations ( 8 life1 are d[n 9 ,busybody's book4 ,!re he sits 9 8 ,c5tralisation ,(fice1 ) 8 millions ( electric wires pass+ und]gr\nd1 & com+ up unse5 9 e man's h\se4 ,he means to h 8 hook 9 e man's nose1 nay1 e man's1 woman's1 & *ild's1 & to draw !m 9 :5 he wills1 z a big spid] does 8 flies1 & p]haps to leave !m suck$ z dry1 susp5d$ 9 8 million-?read$ web4 ,& has he n z _m eyes z t ugly creature1 & z _m ways ( spread+ out 8 ubiquit\s legs--backw>d1 =w>d1 or circul>8 ,oh1 ?is ,busybody6--he means to h a l9e 9 e "o's m\?1 & to draw all aft] him z ,gulliv] did ! dim9utive fleet4 ,b ,i say1 ,eusebius1 t1 ,liliputians z we are 9 8 eyes1 x is h>d if we _c comb9e1 get our multitud9\s toils r\nd 8 legs1 & ) a long pull1 & a /rong pull1 & a pull altoge!r1 ?r[ him on 8 back1 tie him d[n h&s & feet1 se>* 8 pockets = 8 hooks1 & !n %oot our %>pe/ arr[s into ! body ( ?is ,qu9tus ,fle/r94 ,we w n be any m gull$ by ?is huge ,gulliv]4 ,he is ! ,great ,humbug & ,deceiv]1 cajol+ silly ones into a belief 9 ! m>vel ( 8 ari?metic2 t all ! commone/ ?+s ( life mu/ be done by 8 my/ical numb]s1 or w be done ill2 t !y mu/ c\nt & ?9k ( h[ _m jo9ts1 bones1 muscles1 & s9ews !y h 9 _! toes1 be=e v5tur+ _! feet a s+le /ep4 ,:at is become ( civilisation all ?is :ile1 ,eusebius8 ,?is ,c5sus1 :i* 0 to tell s mu*1 has n ?r[n light ^u ! "q4 ,yet1 p]haps1 aft] all1 x is a m simple "o ?an y or ,i ?\ght x to be4 ,i g back to ! placidity ( ! ,*9ese lady 9 ! picture4 ,i am n[ gaz+ on h] expressive tru/fulness--^u a complexion t1 if !re be _m su*1 ju/ifies ! title ( 8,cele/ial ,empire40 ,%e1 ! fem99e repres5tative ( a nation1 ! priz$ pe>l ( ! ,romance ( ! ,porcela9 ,empire1 ! v 8,g5tilezza10 ! embodi$ purity ( a p's be/ ?\ghts1 ! end[$ gr[? ( a p]fection above nature1 = s mu* wor%ip z humanity may1 = its improvem5t 9 civilisation1 be all[$ to set up 9 ! g>d5 ( imag9>y virtues1 ! v ,go%5 :]e gr[ plants & fl[]s1 & sweet wat]s glide unkn[n to work+ nature1 & all c\rt+ ! en*ant+ & en*ant$ beauty4 8,l'acqua la t]ra 9 suo favor s'in*9a40 ,n to be t$i\s ) y 9 ?is fanci$ passion1 ,eusebius1 ,i come to ! po9t ,i aim at4 ,%e is ! emblem ( civilisation1 & t is fem99e influ5ce4 ,its ideal has beautifi$ t porcela9 _w1 z x w ev] beautify e o!r :]e x is felt & ma9ta9$4 ,yes1 ,eusebius1 civilisation1 l common s5se1 aptly call$ "m-wit1 comes f ! "m4 ,he :o1 z *ild & boy1 lov$ & rev]5c$ = all h] purity1 tru?1 & goodness1 a "m1 :5 he becomes man w ev] d 8 "p 9 civilis+ ! _w4 ,f ! fir/ romance ( "m's love gr[e? e o!r romance2 = romance is a noble & delicate s5tim5t4 ,to propagate ?is is to propagate civilisation4 ,b if any lack ?is rev]5ce1 f :atev] cause1 & w\ld palm ^u society1 z bett] ?an its romance1 an idle k1 a l[ _s ( calculation1 an accumulation ( m]e facts & figures1 tru/ him n ) ! secrets ( y\r brea/2 all 8 do+s t5d to selfi%ness & reb>b>ism4 ,a "m to him is b z poor old ,mrs ,b\nd]by ignor$4 ,= my own "p1 ,eusebius1 :5 ,i see su* glib /ati/ical calculators boa/+ ( _! practical k1 ,i be?9k me ( ! le>n$ dog 9 ! %[1 :o ) p]sev]ance has acquir$ ! trick ( putt+ 8 paw ^u lett]s & numb]s1 & ( ari?metis+ requir$ ages4 ,take he$ to y\r pocket on su* occasions2 = ?\gh y h paid y\r admission-ticket1 !re rema9s ! la/ acquirem5t1 ! la/ ma9 trick to be exhibit$1 ! go+ r\nd ! company ) ! hat 9 8 m\?4 ,a ,,russian ,,rem9isc5ce4 ,^u "o ( ! colde/ days ( ,febru>y #ahec1 ,i left ,p>is by ! ,orleans ,railway4 ,! wea!r 0 extremely sev]e1 ! froz5 sn[ lay ?ick 9 ! /reets1 ! asphalt ( ! b\lev>ds 0 slipp]y z glass1 sl$ges sc\r$ ! ,*amps ,elyses & ,bois de ,b\logne4 ,an icy w9d :i/l$ r\nd ! tra9 z we quitt$ ! %elt] ( ! /ation1 & ,i regrett$1 z ,i button$ myself to ! *91 & %rank into my corn]1 t ! c>riage 0 n full1 in/ead ( hav+ b "o occupant besides myself4 ,opposite to me sat a hale man ( ab\t sixty-five1 ) a quick bright eye1 an intellig5t1 good-hum\r$ c\nt5ance--some:at wea!r-beat5--& ! r$ rosette ( ! ,legion ( ,hon\r 9 8 button-hole4 ,dur+ ! fir/ half-h\r he por$ ov] a lett]1 ^: cont5ts1 judg+ f ! animat$ expression ( 8 physiognomy1 int]e/$ him /rongly4 ,he seem$ sc>cely aw>e ( my pres5ce4 ,at la/ he put up ! lett]1 & !n = ! fir/ "t look$ me 9 ! face4 ,i _h be5 b a few days out ( a sick-b$1 & 0 s5sitive to ! cold1 & d\btless my appe>ance 0 *illy & woebegone en\gh1 = ,i detect$ a slight approa* to a smile at ! corn]s ( ! /rang]'s m\?4 ,to "o or two commonplace rem>ks he repli$ c\rte\sly b laconically1 l a man :o is nei!r unsociable nor av]se to conv]sation1 b :o pref]s 8 own ?\ghts to t bald talk ) :i* travell]s sometimes we>y ea* o!r r ?an sit sil5t4 ,s our dialogue soon dropp$4 ,! cold increas$1 my feet 7 b5umb$1 & ,i /amp$ !m on ! floor ( ! c>riage to revive ! circulation4 ,my companion obs]v$ my proce$+s ) a comical look1 z if he ?\ght me a v t5d] travell]4 8,?is c>riage mu/ be badly clos$10 ,i rem>k$4 8,x is bitt] cold to ! feet40 8,= t discom=t ,i h little pity10 repli$ ! ,fr5*man4 8,a ride on ! railway is soon ov]1 & a good fire or a brisk walk is a quick & easy rem$y4 ,m9e is a diff]5t case4 ,= =ty ye>s ,i h nev] kn[n w>m feet40 8,= =ty ye>s80 ,i repeat$1 ?9k+ ,i _h misund]/ood him4 8,yes1 sir1 =ty ye>s2 s9ce ! w9t] ( #ahab--! w9t] ( ! ,russian campaign40 8,y 7 9 t t]rible campaign80 ,i inquir$1 9 a tone ( int]e/ & curiosity4 ,my companion1 previ\sly taciturn1 sudd5ly became communicative4 8,all ?r\gh x1 sir10 he repli$2 8f ! ,niem5 to ! ,kreml91 & back aga94 ,x 0 my fir/ campaign1 & 0 ne> be+ my la/4 ,i 0 9 o!rs aft]w>ds2 9 ,g]many 9 #ahac1 :5 ! comb9$ ,g]mans & ,russians drove u be=e !m1 = want ( ! brave fell[s we _h left 9 ,muscovy's sn[s2 9 ,france 9 #ahad1 :5 ! ,emp]or made 8 gallant /ruggle aga9/ ov]:elm+ =ces2 & at ! clos+ sc5e 9 ,fl&]s3 b n all ^? ?ree campaigns put toge!r1 nor1 z ,i believe1 all t ?is c5tury has witness$1 c mat* ! horrors ( t dreadful w9t] 9 ,russia40 ,he paus$1 &1 lean+ back 9 8 corn]1 seem$ to revolve 9 8 m9d ev5ts ( p[]ful int]e/ long gone by4 ,i wait$ a :ile1 9 hopes he w\ld resume ! subject4 ,z he did n d s1 ,i ask$ him to :at arm he belong$ :5 9 ,russia4 8,i 0 assi/ant-surgeon 9 a regim5t ( huss>s10 he answ]$1 8& 9 my m$ical capacity ,i _h abundant opportunity to make acqua9tance ) ! horrors ( w>4 ,on ! #g? ( ,septemb]1 = in/ance1 at ! ,moskwa--,heav5s6 :at a %ambles t 06 ,ah1 x 0 f9e to see su* val\r on bo? sides--= ! ,russians f\ght well--gallantly1 sir1 or :]e w\ld h be5 ! glory ( beat+ !m8 ,b ,ney6 ,ney6 ,oh6 he 0 spl5did t day6 ,8 :ole c\nt5ance gleam$1 z he aga9 & aga9 l$ ! bloody *>ge1 expos+ himself z freely z any corporal 9 ! ranks4 ,& ,eug5e1 ! ,vic]oy1 ) :at vig\r he hurl$ 8 masses aga9/ t t]rible r$\bt6 ,:5 at la/ x 0 81 :at a sight 0 !re6 ,! gr\nd 0 n /rewn ) dead2 x 0 heap$1 pil$ ) !m4 ,!y _h be5 %ot d[n by :ole ranks1 & !re !y lay1 pro/rate1 9 l9e z !y _h /ood40 ,! surgeon paus$4 ,i ?\ght ( ,byron's beautiful l9es1 beg9n+1 8,ev5 z !y fell1 9 files !y lay20 b ,i said no?+1 = ,i saw t my companion 0 n[ fairly />t$1 & ne$$ no spurr+4 8,monsieur10 he pres5tly resum$1 8all ^? ?+s h be5 br\ght /rongly to my m9d by ! lett] y saw me j n[ read+4 ,x is f an old fri5d1 a capta9 9 #ahab1 a g5]al n[1 :o w5t ?r\gh ! campaign1 & :om ,i 0 s =tunate z to save f a grave 9 ^? inf]nal pla9s :]e mo/ ( our poor comrades p]i%$4 ,i w tell y h[ x happ5$4 ,we 7 talk+ ( ! battle ( ,borod9o4 ,sev5ty ?\s& m51 x is said1 7 kill$ & w\nd$ 9 t murd]\s fight4 ,we surgeons1 z y may well ?9k1 _h our h&s full1 & /ill c\ld n suffice = a ti! ( ! suff]]s4 ,x 0 a r\gh break+-9 = a "y h&1 z ,i !n 04 ,su* frightful w\nds z 7 !re1 ( e k9d & description--f %ot1 %ell1 & bullet1 pike & sabre4 ,well1 sir1 all ! mis]y & suff]+ ,i !n saw1 all t va/ am\nt ( human agony & blood%$1 ^: /eam1 asc5d+ to ,heav51 might well h br\ght d[n ,god's mal$iction on ,8 creatures1 :o c\ld ?us de/roy & deface ea* o!r1 0 no?+ comp>$ ) ! horrible mis]y we witness$ on our retreat4 ,i h read ev]y?+ t has appe>$ 9 ,france conc]n+ t campaign--,sgur1 ,labaume1 & o!r writ]s4 ,_! n>ratives are %ock+ en\gh1 b no?+ to ! reality4 ,!y w\ld h sick5$ _! read]s _h !y told all !y saw4 ,if anybody1 :o w5t ?r\gh ! campaign1 c\ld rememb] & set d[n all he witness$1 he w\ld make ! mo/ he>t-r5d+ book t ev] yet 0 pr9t$1 & w\ld be accus$ ( gross exagg]ation4 ,exagg]ation1 inde$6 !re 0 no ne$ to height5 ! horrors ( ! w9t] ( #ahab4 ,all t fro/ & fam9e1 lead & /eel1 c\ld inflict1 0 !n endur$2 all ! crimes t reckless despair & ru?less cruelty c\ld prompt 7 !n p]petrat$40 8,& h[10 ,i ask$1 8did y escape1 :5 s _m1 d\btless z /rong & c\rage\s1 & m inur$ to h>d%ip1 mis]ably p]i%$80 8,"u ,provid5ce1 ,i ow$ my pres]vation to ! tru/ie/ & mo/ fai?ful s]vant ev] ma/] _h4 ,paul _h be5 sev]al ye>s 9 ! huss>s--0 an old soldi]1 9 fact1 al?\gh /ill a "y man2 & at a "t :5 all discipl9e & subord9ation 7 at an end1 :5 soldi]s he$$ n _! (fic]s1 (fic]s avoid$ _! g5]als1 & s]vants & ma/]s 7 all alike & ^u a level1 ,paul prov$ true z /eel4 ,z if cold & ! ,cossacks 7 n en\gh1 hung] 0 add$ to our suff]+s3 !re 0 no long] a commiss>iat or di/ribution ( rations2--rations1 =soo?6--dead horse 0 a luxury ,i h se5 m5 fight = till dea?1 lean meat ?\gh x 01 = ! poor brutes 7 z />v$ z _! rid]s4 ,:at little !re 0 to eat 9 ! villages we pass$ ?r\gh fell to ! %>e ( ! fir/ com]s4 ,empty l>d]s--(t5 smok+ ru9s--7 all t rema9$ = ^? :o came beh9d4 ,well1 sir1 :5 ?+s 7 at ! wor/1 & prov5d] at ! sc>ce/1 ,paul always _h some?+ = me 9 8 hav]sack4 ,"o day x w\ld be a bit ( bread1 on ! morr[ a h&ful ( gra9 or "s edible roots1 n[ & !n a slice ( horse-beef--& h[ delici\s t seem$1 grill$ ov] our smoky scanty fires6 ,!re 0 nev] en\gh to satisfy my hung]1 b !re 0 always a some?+--en\gh to keep body & s\l toge!r4 ,paul1 z ,i aft]w>ds discov]$1 husb&$ 8 /ores1 = he well knew t if he gave me all at once ,i %\ld leave no?+1 & !n ,i mu/ h fa/$ = days1 & p]haps h fall5 f my horse = weakness4 ,b ?9k ( ! c\rage & affection ( ! poor fell[1 himself half-/>v$1 to c>ry food ab\t him day aft] day1 & refra9 f dev\r+ ! %>e secretly set aside = me6 ,!re 7 n _m m5 9 ! army1 ev5 ( g5]al's rank1 capable ( su* devotion to ! de>e/ fri5d !y _h1 = extreme mis]y _h induc$ a f]oci\s selfi%ness1 :i* made u m l hy5as ?an ,*ri/ians40 8,i %\ld ?9k ! cold mu/ h be5 ev5 worse to endure ?an hung]10 said ,i1 screw+ up my *illy extremities1 :i* ! int]e/ ( ! doctor's conv]sation _h almo/ made me =get4 8,x 01 sir1 h>d] & m fatal--at lea/ a great] numb] di$ ( x2 al?\gh1 to say ! tru?1 fro/ & fam9e !re work$ h& 9 h&1 & ) su* unity ( action1 t x 0 (t5 h>d to say :i* 0 ! cause ( dea?4 ,b x 0 a %ock+ sight1 ( a morn+1 to see ! poor fell[s ly+ dead r\nd ! biv\ac fires4 ,unable to resi/ fatigue & ! dr[sy influ5ce ( ! cold1 !y yield$ to slumb]1 & pass$ f sleep into dea?4 ,=1 !re1 sleep 0 dea?40 8,b h[ !n10 ,i ask$1 8did any ev] escape f ,russia1 = all mu/ h slept at times80 8,i d n believe t any :o escap$ did sleep1 at lea/ n ( a night1 at ! biv\ac4 ,we us$ to r\se ea* o!r cont9ually1 to prev5t our giv+ way1 & !n get up & walk z briskly z we c\ld1 to quick5 ! sluggi% circulation4 ,we slept ^u ! m>*1 9 our saddles1 &1 /range z x may seem to y1 ev5 ^? on foot slept :5 m>*+4 ,!y m>*$ 9 gr\ps or clu/]s1 & ^? 9 ! c5tre slept1 propp$ & support$ by _! companions1 & mov+ _! legs me*anically4 ,i d n say t x 0 a s\nd1 deep sleep1 b r a sort ( fev]i% doz+4 ,su* z x 01 h[ev]1 x 0 bett] ?an no?+1 & assur$ly sav$ "s :o w\ld o!rwise h sunk4 ,o!rs1 :o w\ld h giv5 way to we>9ess ^u ! long monoton\s m>*1 7 kept f utt] despair & self-ab&onm5t only by ! repeat$ h>ass+ attacks ( ! ,cossacks4 ,! excitem5t ( ! skirmi% w>m$ _! blood1 & gave !m1 z x seem$1 fre% hold ^u life4 ,9 "o ( ^? skirmi%es1 or r 9 a %>p combat1 a de> fri5d ( m9e1 a capta9 9 ! same regim5t1 _h 8 left arm c>ri$ (f by a cannon-%ot4 ,aft] ! affair 0 ov]1 ,i came sudd5ly ^u him1 :]e he lay moan+ by ! roadside1 8 face a%y pale1 8 arm /ill hang+ by ! s9ews4 ,8 horse _h ei!r gallop$ away1 or be5 tak5 by ! fugitives4 8#8,ah1 mon ami6' he cri$1 :5 he saw me1 #8all is ov]--,i c g no fur!r4 ,i %all nev] see ,france aga96' 8,i saw t1 l ! majority ( ^? :o receiv$ sev]e w\nds 9 t retreat1 8 moral c\rage 0 subdu$1 & _h giv5 way to despair4 ,i 0 t]ribly %ock$1 = ,i felt h[ slight 0 8 *ance ( escape4 ,i ne$ h>dly tell y !re 0 v little dress+ ( w\nds dur+ t latt] "p ( ! retreat2 mo/ ( ! surgeons 7 dead1 ! hospital-waggons ) m$ic9e & in/rum5ts _h be5 left on ! road2 transport = ! sick 0 out ( ! "q4 ,i assum$ z *e]ful a c\nt5ance z ,i c\ld4 8#8,:y1 ,prville1' ,i cri$1 #8?is w n d2 we mu/ get y along someh[4 ,come6 c\rage1 my fri5d6 ,y %all see ,france aga91 9 spite ( all4' 8#8,ah6 doctor1' repli$ he1 9 pite\s tones1 #8x is no use4 ,"h ,i %all die4 ,all y c d = me is to bl[ my bra9s out1 & save me f ! ,cossack lances4' 8,by ?is "t ,i _h dism\nt$ & 0 at 8 side4 ,! int5se cold _h /opp$ ! ble$+ ( 8 w\nd4 ,i saw t !re 0 no lack ( vitality 9 him1 & t1 b = ?is mi%ap1 few w\ld h got out ( ! campaign 9 bett] plight4 ,ev5 n[1 8 despond5cy 0 p]haps 8 greate/ dang]4 ,i rem9d$ him ( 8 wife & *ild 7he _h be5 m>ri$ little m ?an a ye>1 & news ( ! bir? ( a daught] _h rea*$ him on our =w>d m>*71 ( 8 happy home1 8 old "m--( all ! ties1 9 %ort1 t b\nd him to life4 ,:il/ speak+1 ,i sev]$ ! s9ews t /ill reta9$ 8 %att]$ arm1 & b\nd x up z be/ ,i might4 ,he /ill despair$ & moan$1 b suff]$ me to d z ,i w\ld4 ,he 0 l an infant 9 my h&s--t man :o1 9 ! h\r ( battle1 0 a v lion = c\rage4 ,b long suff]+ & ! sudd5 %ock--occurr+1 too1 :5 we seem$ on ! v]ge ( safety--_h ov]come 8 =titude4 ,) ,paul's help ,i got him ^u my horse4 ,! poor brute 0 9 no case to c>ry d\ble1 s ,i walk$ & l$ x1 al?\gh at t "t ,i c\ld h>dly hobble4 8#8,x is all useless1 my de> doctor1' ,prville said2 #8?is is my la/ day2 ,i feel t4 ,f> bett] %oot me1 or leave me by ! roadside1 ?an risk y\r life = my sake4' 8,i took no he$1 b tri$ to *e] him4 ,^? unclean bea/s1 ! ,cossacks1 7 hov]+ ar\nd u z usual1 & at times ! bullets fell pretty ?ick4 ,n a qu>t] ( an h\r _h elaps$ s9ce ,i set ,prville on my horse1 :5 a %ot /ruck 8 "r eye--n ent]+ ! head1 b glanc+ across ! globe1 & completely de/roy+ ! sight4 ,well1 sir1 !n !re occurr$ a physiological ph5om5on :i* ,i h nev] be5 able satisfactorily to acc\nt =4 ,?is man1 :om ! loss ( an arm _h r$uc$ to despair1 seem$ to d]ive fre% c\rage f ! loss ( an eye4 ,at any rate1 f t mom5t he compla9$ no m ( 8 fate1 resum$ 8 usual manly tone1 & bore up l a h]o4 ,paul 0 lucky en\gh to cat* a rid]less horse1 :i* ,i m\nt$4 ,! wor/ 0 ov]1 & we soon got a respite4 ,)\t tr\bl+ y ) details1 & incr$ible ?\gh x may seem to y1 my poor fri5d escap$ ) life1 al?\gh ) a limb & an eye ! less40 8,!re mu/ h be5 _m extraord9>y escapes f t campaign10 ,i rem>k$4 8,innum]able4 ,!re 0 a s]geant ( dragoons1 a =m] comrade ( my s]vant's1 :o1 = _m days1 m>*$ beside me & ,paul4 ,he receiv$ a sev]e w\nd4 ,!re 7 "s vehicles /ill ) u at t "t1 & we got him a place 9 "o ( !m1 & made him z com=table z we c\ld4 ,! foll[+ night we /opp$ at a t[n4 ,9 ! morn+1 z we 7 ab\t to m>*1 ! ,cossacks came d[n4 ,!re 0 great confusion2 sev]al baggage-c>ts 7 captur$ 9 ! /reet1 & "s ( ! w\nd$ 7 ab&on$ 9 ! h\ses :]e !y _h pass$ ! night4 ,among/ ^! 0 ,s]geant ,fritz4 ,n _m h\ses 9 ! t[n 7 /ill 9 good condition--mo/ ( !m _h be5 burn$ & knock$ to pieces by ! soldi]s4 ,! h\se 9 :i* ,fritz lay _h /ill its doors & w9d[s1 & 0 "o ( ! mo/ com=table 9 ! place1 on :i* acc\nt x _h be5 conv]t$ into a tempor>y hospital4 ,well1 ! ,russians came 91 br\ght _! w\nd$1 & turn$ out our poor fell[s to make room = !m4 ,"s1 :o c\ld n move quickly en\gh1 7 brutally pit*$ ?r\gh a l[ w9d[ into a g>d5 beh9d ! h\se1 !re to p]i% mis]ably4 ,fritz 0 "o ( ^!4 ,only j able to crawl1 he made 8 way r\nd ! g>d51 seek+ egress4 ,he rea*$ a gate communicat+ ) ano!r g>d54 ,x 0 lock$1 & pa9 & weakness =bade 8 climb+ ov]4 ,he sat close to ! gate1 propp$ aga9/ x1 & look+ wi/fully ?r\gh ! b>s at ! w9d[s ( a h\se1 & at ! *e]ful gl[ ( a fire1 :5 he 0 p]ceiv$ by a "y girl4 ,%e came out & op5$ ! gate1 & help$ him into ! h\se4 ,h] fa!r 0 a ,g]man clockmak]1 long settl$ 9 ,russia1 & ,fritz1 a ,swiss1 spoke ,g]man well4 ,! k9d p put him to b$1 hid 8 uni=m1 & t5d$ him l a son4 ,:51 9 ! foll[+ spr+1 8 heal? 0 re/or$1 & he w\ld h left !m1 ! ,g]man propos$ to him to rema9 & assi/ him 9 8 trade4 ,he accept$ ! (f]1 m>ri$ ! ,g]man's daught]1 & rema9$ 9 ,russia until 8 fa!r-9-law's dea?1 :5 he 0 tak5 ) a long+ to revisit 8 native m\nta9s1 & return$ to ,switz]l& ) 8 wife & family4 ,i met him s9ce at ,p>is1 & he told me 8 /ory4 ,b al?\gh 8 escape 0 n>r[1 & romantic en\gh1 !re mu/ h be5 o!rs mu* m rem>kable4 ,mo/ ( ! prison]s made by ! ,russians1 & :o surviv$ sev]e cold & h>% treatm5t1 7 s5t to ,mosc[1 to lab\r at rebuild+ ! city4 ,:5 ! f9e season came1 "s ( !m manag$ to escape1 & to make _! way1 9 v>i\s disguises1 & ?r\gh c\ntless adv5tures1 back to _! own c\ntry40 ,i h set d[n b ! mo/ /rik+ portions ( our conv]sation--or r1 ( ! doctor's n>rative1 s9ce ,i did little b li/52 & occasionally1 by a "q or rem>k1 direct 8 communicativ5ess into ! *annel ,i wi%$ x to take4 ,we 7 n[ ne> ,orleans4 8,! lett] ,i 0 read+ :5 we />t$10 said my companion1 8& :i* has br\ght back to my memory all t ,i h told y--at risk1 p]haps1 ( we>y+ y10 he add$ ) a slight b[ & smile1 8& a ho/ ( o!r circum/ances1 to me ( ?rill+ & ev]la/+ int]e/1 is f ,g5]al ,prville1 :o lives 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 b has come unexpect$ly to ,orleans to pass a mon? ) me4 ,t is 8 way4 ,he lives happily ) a m>ri$ daught]2 b n[ & !n ! desire to see an old comrade1 & to fight old battles ov] aga91 comes s /rongly ^u him1 t he has 8 valise pack$ at an h\r's notice1 & takes me by surprise4 ,he kn[s well t #8,! ,g5]al's ,room' & an affectionate reception always await him4 ,i receiv$ 8 lett]--full ( ref]5ces to old times--ye/]day ev5+1 & am n[ hurry+ back to ,orleans to see him4 ,he may v likely be wait+ = me at ! /ation2 & y w see t1 = a man :o gave himself up = dead =ty ye>s ago 9 ! sn[s ( ,russia1 & begg$1 z a fav\r1 a bullet ?r\gh 8 bra91 he looks tol]ably he>ty & satisfi$ to live40 8,!re is "o ?+1 ,monsieur le ,docteur10 ,i said1 8:i* y h n yet expla9$ to me1 & :i* ,i d n und]/&4 ,did y mean lit]ally :at y said1 t s9ce ! ,russian campaign y h nev] _h y\r feet w>m80 8,lit]ally & truly1 sir4 ,:5 we got to ,or*a1 :]e ,jom9i 0 9 comm&1 & :]e ! h]oic ,ney1 :o _h be5 sep>at$ f ! army1 rejo9$ u ) ! skeleton ( 8 corps--hav+ cut 8 way1 by %e] val\r & soldi]%ip1 ?r\gh cl\ds ( ,plat(f's ,cossacks--we took a day's re/4 ,x 0 ! #bj? ( ,novemb]1 ! la/ day ( any?+ approa*+ to com=t :i* we 7 to enjoy be=e cross+ ! ,russian fronti]4 ,true1 we made "o m halt1 at ,molodets*9o1 :5ce ,napoleon dat$ 8 bullet9 ( our t]rible disa/]s1 b !n only a portion ( u c\ld f9d lodg+2 we 7 sick1 half-froz51 & numb]s di$ 9 ! /reets4 ,at ,or*a we f\nd %elt] & tranquillity2 ! gov]nor _h provid$ provisions aga9/ our passage1 ! enemy left u quiet1 & we enjoy$ a day ( complete repose4 ,my baggage _h long s9ce be5 lo/1 & my only pair ( boots 7 torn to %r$s4 ,i _h be5 rid+ ) fragm5ts ( a soldi]'s jacket ti$ r\nd my feet1 :i* ,i usually kept out ( ! /irrups1 ! contact ( ! iron increas+ ! cold4 ,at ,or*a1 ! invaluable ,paul br\ght me a ,jew 7! ,jews 7 our *ief purveyors on t retreat7 ) boots = sale4 ,i select$ a pair & ?rew away my old ones1 :i* = _m days ,i _h n tak5 (f4 ,my feet 7 already 9 a bad /ate1 sore & livid4 ,i ba!d !m1 put on fre% /ock+s & my new boots1 & contriv$ ) a pair ( old tr\s]s1 a sort ( legg+s or ov]alls1 clos$ at ! bottom1 & to be worn ov] ! boots4 ,f t day till we got beyond ! ,niem51 a di/ance ( "o hundr$ & t5 leagues1 :i* we took ?ree weeks to p]=m1 ,i nev] took (f any "p ( my dress4 ,dur+ t "t ,i suff]$ greatly f my feet2 !y swell$ till my boots 7 too tight = me1 & at times ,i 0 9 agony4 ,:5 we at la/ 7 comp>atively 9 safety1 & ,i f\nd myself1 = ! fir/ "t s9ce ,i left ,or*a1 9 a w>m room1 ) a b$ to lie ^u & wat] to wa%1 ,i call$ ,paul to pull (f my boots4 ,sir1 ) !m came (f my /ock+s1 & ! entire sk9 ( bo? feet4 ,a flay]'s knife c\ld h>dly h done ! ?+ m completely4 ,= a mom5t ,i gave myself up z lo/4 ,i _h se5 en\gh ( ?is k9d ( ?+ to "k t my feet 7 on ! v]ge ( mortification4 ,!re 0 sc>cely "t to amputate1 _h any be5 at h& to d x1 & _h ,i be5 will+ to pres]ve life at su* a price4 ,only "o ?+ c\ld save me1 & ,i resolv$ to try x4 ,i ord]$ ,paul to br+ a bottle ( br&y2 ,i put a piece ( silv] betwe5 my tee?1 & bade him p\r ! spirits ov] my feet4 ,i c give y no idea ( ! excruciat+ torture ,i !n endur$4 ,:il/ x la/$1 assur$ly no m>tyr's suff]+s ev] exce$$ m9e4 ,x 0 agony--b x 0 safety4 ,i bit ! flor9 ne>ly 9 two1 & broke ?is too?40 7,"h ! doctor drew up 8 lip & exhibit$ a defective too?1 9 company ) "s v :ite & p[]ful gr9d]s47 8,! m>tyrdom sav$ me2 ,i recov]$1 b ! new integum5ts1 :i* 9 "t cov]$ my sc>r$ feet1 seem *ill$ by ! recollection ( _! pr$ecessors' suff]+s1 & f t day to ?is ,i h nev] _h my feet o!rwise ?an cold4 ,b "h we are at ,orleans1 sir1 & yond] z ,i expect$ /&s my old ,prville40 ,! tra9 /opp$ z he conclud$1 & a f9e-look+ vet]an1 ) :ite hair1 an empty sleeve1 & a silk5 pat* ov] "o eye1 pe]$ inquisitively into ! c>riages4 ,l mo/ ,engli%m51 ,i h a p>ticul> av]sion to ! ,cont95tal fa%ion ( m5 kiss+ & hugg+ ea* o!r1 b ,i confess ,i beheld ) int]e/ & sympa?y ! cordial embrace ( ^! two old comrades1 :o !n quickly sep>at$1 &1 ) h&s grasp$1 look$ joy\sly & affectionately into ea* o!r's faces1 :il/ a ?\s& recollections ( old k9dness & long comrade%ip 7 evid5tly swell+ at _! he>ts4 ,9 8 joy1 my travell+ companion did n =get ! att5tive li/5]1 ^: j\rney he _h s agreeably %ort5$4 ,turn+ to me1 he pres5t$ me to ! g5]al1 z an ,engli%man & a new acqua9tance1 & !n cordially invit$ me to pass ! re/ ( ! day at 8 h\se4 ,b ! bus9ess t took me to ,orleans 0 urg5t1 & my return to ,p>is mu/ be spe$y4 ,& _h x be5 o!rwise1 ,i ?9k ,i /ill %\ld h scrupl$ to re/ra91 by a /rang]'s pres5ce1 ! fir/ fl[ ( intimate communion to :i* ! two fri5ds evid5tly look$ =w>d ) su* w>m & pleasurable feel+s4 ,s ,i gratefully decl9$1 b pl$g$ myself to take advantage ( ! doctor's hospitality ^u my next visit to ,orleans4 ,:5 t occurs1 ,i %all hope to glean ano!r ,russian ,rem9isc5ce4 ,,records ,,( ,,! ,,pa/4--,,n9eveh ,,& ,,babylon4 ,hi/ory mu/ ev] possess an undy+ fasc9ation = ! m9ds ( m51 = its subject is ! /ory ( _! race1 & its int]e/ is ev] human to ! core4 ,its burd5 is n[ a song ( rejoic+ at ! triumphs1 or a wail ( lam5tation ov] ! errors & suff]+s1 ( mank9d4 ,h[ hi/ory1 9 gift$ h&s1 exults z x rea*es ^? bloom+ po9ts 9 a nation's c>e]--^? eras ( ,p]icles1 ( ,augu/us1 ( ,h>\n-,alras*id1 or ( our own ,elizabe?1--or1 pi]c+ back ?r\gh ! veil ( "t1 disc]ns ) joy ! brilliant era ( a ,vicramaditya 9 ! old _w ( ! ,h9doos1--! gr&eur ( a ,rameses1 or /ill remot] mon>*s 9 ,egypt--or a rule ( !n unequall$ ju/ice & b5efic5ce ext5d+ back = c\ntless ages 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( seclud$ ,*9a4 ,& h[ x sadd5s to see ^! old empires pass away1--to behold ,rome1 & ,greece1 & ,n9eveh1 & ,egypt1 ,susa & ,p]sepolis1 & ! gr& old cities ( ,india1 )]$1 roll$ up l a scroll1 & vani%+ f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,yet ) :at quiet hopefulness1 ) :at assur$ resignation1 does x contemplate all ^? *anges4 8,pass+ away10 x kn[s1 is writt5 f ! fir/ ^u ! br[ ( empires z well z ( m52 & ev5 :5 ! mighty fabrics ( human p[] are se5 crumbl+ into du/ b5ea? int]nal decay or ext]nal assault1--:5 ! /ores ( k1 ! monum5ts ( art--9 fact1 a :ole civilisation--seems ru%+ into oblivion be=e an onslaught ( b>b>ism1 ! philosophic hi/orian1 ) an assur$ness ( fai? /rong] ?an o!r m5's1 kn[s t ! human race is b on ! eve ( "s new & high] developm5t--t all is ord]$ by ,"o )\t :om n a sp>r[ falls to ! gr\nd1 & t f out ( ! pres5t *aos w em]ge new k+doms & communities ( m51 purg$ f ! dross ( ! old1 yet inh]it+ ! l>g] portion ( _! wisdom4 8,all *anges1 naught is lo/4 ,! =ms are *ang$1 ,& t :i* has be51 is n :at x 01-- ,yet t :i* has be51 is40 ,hi/ory has a gr& "w yet be=e x1--"o :i* mank9d is j beg9n+ to long =1 & :i* w yet "o day be accompli%$4 ,hi/ory mu/ gr[ wid] 9 its scope & nobl] 9 its aims z ! c>e] ( our race advances4 ,x mu/ rise above ! col\r+s ( national bias1 & ! prejudices ( p>ticul> eras4 ,x mu/ cease--& "s day x w cease--to reflect b "o phase at a "t ( t _m-sid$ ?+ ,tru?1 & w seize & set =? = ! in/ruction ( mank9d ! priceless gem "u :atev] =m x appe>1 h[ev] attir$ 9 ! /range co/ume ( di/ant times or =eign c\ntries4 ,x mu/ tell to man a cont9u\s /ory ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,x mu/ recognise ! tru? t 9 all ^? v>i\s nations t h fl\ri%$ & pass$ away1 !re has be5 en%r9$ ! self-same human s\l1 :i* ! great ,creator made 9 ,8 own image1 & :i*1 h[ev] manifold 9 its ab]rations1 w /ill be f\nd1 on ! :ole1 to reflect m ( tru? ?an ( error4 ,no?+ is m elevat+ ?an ! /udy ( ! human race ?r\gh its successive phases ( exi/5ce4 ,!re9 is to be discov]$ ! s*eme ( ,god's ,provid5ce among ! nations1 sl[ly rais+ ! race f "o /age ( progress to ano!r & high]4 ,! _w advances sl[ly1--b /ill 8x moves60 ,sev]$ into di/9ct nations1 & div9ely plac$ or l$ into climes cong5ial to ! peculi> developm5t ( ea*1--seclud$ beh9d m\nta9 *a9s1 des]ts1 or seas1 ea* section ( mank9d has be5 left to develop a civilisation ( its own--=ms ( gov]nm5t1 religion1 art1 sci5ce1 philosophy1 m or less peculi> to itself4 ,?r\gh long ages ?is bir? ( nations has be5 go+ on1 ea* le>n+ = itself ! lessons ( life4 ,& ea* ( ^? nations1 :e!r anci5t or mod]n1 has atta*$ itself 9 a peculi> mann] to "s "o ( ! _m =ms ( tru?1 c>ry+ x to great] p]fection ?an ! o!r sections ( ! race4 ,e "o kn[s t su* 0 ! case among ! ,greeks1 ! ,romans1 ! ,egyptians1 ! ,hebrews1--b d n let x be suppos$ t ! wisdom ( ! anci5t _w ends "h4 ,d n suppose t no?+ is to be le>n$ f ! old hi/ory & writ+s ( ,*9a--t l& :]e social e?ics & utilit>ian sci5ce 7 fir/ c>ri$ to comp>ative p]fection2 or f ! anci5t ,h9doos1 :o fir/ pre-em95tly devot$ !mselves to ! /udy ( ! spiritual nature ( man1 & 9 ^: l(ty speculations may be f\nd ! g]m ( almo/ e sy/em ( philosophy1 :e!r true or false1 to :i* ! ,european _w has giv5 bir?4 ,hegel & ,sp9osa are b ,h9doos reviv+ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,augu/e ,comte1 ) 8 boa/$ new sci5ce ( ,positivism1 is b a sy/ematis] ( ! doctr9es ( ,confucius & ! old philosoph]s ( ,*9a1--& :at are magnetism1 clairvoyance1 & su*like rese>*es at pres5t mak+ into ! spiritual p[]s ( man1 b unconsci\s repetitions ( :at has be5 kn[n or imag9$ 9 ,india = ?ree ?\s& ye>s8 ,_h ! human race =m$ f ! fir/ b "o nation--sway$ by b "o great impulse1 & enlight5$ b by its own s+le exp]i5ce1 h[ comp>atively /ation>y w\ld h be5 ! condition ( ! species6 ,b sev]$ into sep>ate communities1 ea* seek+ tru? = itself1 &1 z int]communication became wid]1 comp>+ its exp]i5ces ) ^? ( its neighb\rs1 ! m>* ( mank9d has be5 greatly accel]at$4 ,!re h be5 a hundr$ se>*]s aft] tru? in/ead ( "o4 ,x is only n[1 h[ev]1 9 ^! latt] days1 t mank9d are beg9n+ to p]ceive & reap ! b5efit ( ! b5efic5t s*eme ( ,provid5ce :i* has s long kept !m seclud$ 9 location & antagoni/ic 9 feel+4 ,x is 9 ^? days ( runn+ to & fro ^u ! e>?--:5 comm]ce1 & railways1 & /eam-navigation are unit+ ! mo/ di/ant regions--t ! v>i$ /ores ( k :i* h be5 accumulat+ 9 private ho>ds ?r\gh long c5turies are n[ be+ ?r[n into g5]al circulation4 ,! m advanc$ nations are tea*+ ! less enlight5$4 ,b ! ga9 is n all on "o side2 & ! =m] w be unwor?y ( _! high position1 if !y fail to p]ceive 9 h[ v _m ?+s !y may receive in/ruction f ^? :om !y reg>d z _! inf]iors4 ,! :ole t5d5cy ( ! rapidly-increas+ communication betwe5 ! v>i\s nations & c\ntries ( ! e>? is to %ake m5 loose f local prejudices1 &1 by exp&+ ! m9d1 to fit x = ! reception ( t pure & entire tru?1 t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( :i* ! human m9d is j\rney+1 & to :i* ! mat*less plans ( ,div9e ,provid5ce are sl[ly b surely conduct+ ! human race4 ,to ! eye ( ! philosoph]1 ! _w is a prism ?r\gh :i* ,tru? is %9+--& ! nations are ! v>i\s col\rs & hues ( ! spectrum into :i* t light is brok54 ,hi!rto mank9d1 split into sections1 has only exhibit$ ^? scatt]$ & disunit$1 b brilliant1 rays1--tru? refract$ & col\r$ by ! national m9d ?r\gh :i* x pass$2 b n[1 9 ! fulness ( "t1 ! process is be+ rev]s$4 ,! long tra9+ ( isolat$ nations is draw+ to a close2 ! b>ri]s ( space or feel+ :i* %ut !m 9 are be+ ?r[n d[n2 an int]*ange ( intellectual z well z mat]ial b5efits is comm5c+2 & ! dissev]$ rays ( p>tial k are beg9n+ to be reunit$ into ! pure & p]fect light ( tru?4 ,let1 !n1 "s ,newton or ,humboldt ( hi/ory--"s "o :o grudges n a lifetime ( g5ius to ! task1 & to :om ,provid5ce may give l5g? ( days1--let su* an "o take up ! !me ( ^? old nations4 ,by ! might ( 8 graphic p5 let him evoke !m & _! crumbl$ empires f ! du/1 & place !m 9 _! pri/9e glory be=e ! eye ( ! read]4 ,let him pa9t ! p1 ! l& 9 :i* !y dwelt1 ! temples 9 :i* !y wor%ipp$2--let him glance ) graphic t\* ov] ! lead+ po9ts ( _! hi/ory1 ! ma/]-spirits :o influ5c$1 & ! poets :o adorn$ x2--let him depict ! arts ( life & ! arts ( beauty :i* *>act]is$ !m2 &1 h>de/ task ( all1 let him dive into ! dep?s ( _! religion & philosophy--n ! fanta/ic cru/ ( sup]/ition1 b ! m spiritual dogmas :i* lie bel[2 &1 wa/+ b little "t ^u :at 0 false1 set himself to elim9ate ! true1 & place x once m be=e ! _w4 ,9 ?is way let him pa9t ! ,*9ese1 /\t1 squ>e-set1 & supple1--ev] lab\r+ cont5t$ly 9 _! rice-fields1 & delight+ 9 social int]c\rse2 b also1 ) a free & m>tial _s1 ( :i* ! _w is n[ incr$ul\s1 repell+ ) slaught] ! nomade hordes ( ,c5tral ,asia :i* subsequ5tly ov]?rew ! mighty empires ( ! ,we/4 ,let him depict ! c\ntry cov]$ ) di/rict-s*ools1 & ! p tra9$ 9 social morals by a ,gov]nm5t sy/em ( education1 c5turies be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,let him set =? ! practical good s5se & k9dl9ess ( _s :i* *>act]is$ ! inhabitants ( t va/ empire1 z well z _! em95ce 9 ! social & indu/rial arts ( life2 yet glance ) brief b w>n+ words at ! mat]iali/ic t5d5cies1 alike 9 cre$ & practice1 by :i* ^! good qualities 7 9 "s degree c\nt]balanc$4 ,or turn to ! ,h9doo1 ) 8 slim & graceful figure1 symbolis+ ! f9e & susceptible _s )94 ,see him among ! fl[]y woods1 luxuriant vegetation1 & c\ntless sp>kl+ wat]s ( ! ,indian l&1--s spiritual & alive to ! impressions ( ! ext]nal _w1 t he feels b\nd 9 lively sympa?y ) e liv+ ?+ ar\nd him1 :e!r x be bea/ or bird1 tree or fl[]1--& 9 ! fai? ( ! mo/ imag9ative pan!ism t ! _w ev] saw1 reg>d+ himself & all creat$ =ms z inc>nations ( ! ,deity1 animat$ directly by ! _s ( ! great ,creator2 &1 a firm believ] 9 ! transmigration ( s\ls1 reg>d+ e object ar\nd him ) pla9tive t5d]ness1 z possibly ! dwell+ ( ! s\l ( "s lo/ fri5d or relative4 ,see him "u 8 ma/]-s5tim5t ( love4 ,t passion1 almo/ univ]sally 9 ! anci5t _w1 0 a m]e ?ir/ ( ! s5ses2 & ! few in/ances 9 :i* x figures 9 ! lit]ature ( ,greece & ,rome1 x is made to /rike its victims l a fr5zy4 ,b among ! ,h9doos we p]ceive x (t5 sweet5$ & ref9$ by s5tim5t1--a spiritual z well z a s5su\s ye>n+1--pur]1 z ard5t1 m p]vad+ ?an ! love-passion ( contemporane\s nations4 ,& ! same spirituality ( nature :i* made ! ,h9doo ?us1 fitt$ him also = ! subtle/ & l(tie/ flights ( speculation1--sav\r+ little ( ! utilit>ian1 inde$1 b t5d+ to gratify ! s\l 9 _m ( its highe/ & pure/ aspirations4 ,ca/e1 unkn[n 9 ,*9a1 0 9 ,india all-preval5t2 & !re1 also1 we meet 9 its /]ne/ =m t _s ( devot$ asceticism by :i* ! my/ics ( ! ,ea/1 & subord9ately ev5 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 h /riv5 to exalt !mselves above ! level ( humanity by ext+ui%+ all e>?ly passion1 & s draw+ into ne>] communion ) ! ,deity4 ,or pass to ,egypt1 & behold ! n[ desolate valley-l& ( ! ,nile re9ve/$ ) its old spl5d\r & f]tility4 ,let a ?\s& irrigat+ canals spread aga9 ov] ! surface1 re-clo?+ ! l& ) v]dure2 :ile up f ! s&s spr+ miles ( temples1 pyramids1 & endless av5ues ( sph9xes1 obelisks1 & gigantic /atues4 ,& ,!bes ) its 8hundr$ gates10 its libr>ies1 & /ately palaces1--& ,memphis ) its imm5se population1 ^: bones are /ill se5 :it5+ ! des]t s&s :]eon ! city once bloom$ amid/ v]dure1--reappe> ) cr[ds ( artisans & pr(essional m51 c>ry+ ! division ( lab\r almo/ z f> z x is done 9 mod]n times2 :ile all ar\nd a rural population is t5d+ h]ds or till+ ! ?rice-f]tile soil2 &1 we>ily & worn1 innum]able b&s ( captives--,nubians f ! s\?1 ,negroes f ! des]t1 ,arabs f across ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ,syrians & ,assyrians f ,euphrates to ! foot ( ,m\nt ,taurus--are toil+ 9 digg+ canals1 9 mak+ bricks1 or 9 qu>ry+1 transport+1 or rais+ to _! place1 ^? huge blocks ( granite :i* fill ) a/oni%m5t ! eng9e]s ev5 ( our own times4 ,turn f all ?is pomp & bu/le & busy hum ( life1 along t sil5t mile-long av5ue ( d\ble sph9xes2 &1 pass+ b5ea? ! /up5d\s ornam5t$ portals ( ,k>nac or ,luxor1 or "s o!r temple ( ! l&1 ent] ! va/ halls & c\ntless ap>tm5ts devot$ to sac]dotal seclusion1--:]e ! :ite-rob$ prie/s ( ! ,nile1 ba?+ ?ree times a day to ma9ta9 m5tal purity & calm1 engag$ 9 ! ab/ract sci5ces1 or se>*$ deep into ! secrets ( nature = t magical p[] by :i* !y fasc9at$ & subjugat$ ! m9ds ( ! p1 & :i* enabl$ !m to cont5d on almo/ equal t]ms ) ! div9ely-commission$ *ampion ( ! ,hebrews4 ,or turn ! eye nor?w>d1 & see ! ,p]sian prep>+ to desc5d f 8 m\nta9s & conqu] ! _w4 ,v]dant valleys amid/ /]ile hills & s&y pla9s are 8 home1 blaz$ ov] by a sun to ^: bright orb he kneels 9 adoration z an emblem ( ! ,deity4 ,h>dy1 h&some1 *ivalr\s1 luxuri\s1 despotic1 & ambiti\s1--yet animat$ by a _s ( ju/ice1 & by a religi\s belief s pure z at once to sympa?ise ) t ( ! ,hebrews1 & to w9 = ! ,p]sian mon>* ! title ( ! 8,s]vant ( ,god20 !y are ! fir/ 9 hi/ory to exhibit a nation1 few 9 numb]s1 b /rong 9 arms & wisdom1 lord+ x ov] an imm5se tract ( c\ntry1 & ov] subjugat$ tribes--,syrians1 ,assyrians1 ,asiatic ,greeks1 & ,egyptians--( div]s orig9 & cu/oms f !mselves4 ,! iron phalanx ( ,alex&] at l5g? caus$ ?is empire ( satrapies to crumble into ! du/2 b "u a new dyna/y x reviv$ aga91 s z to wage w> successfully ev5 ) ! all-conqu]+ legions ( ,rome4 ,away1 ar\nd ! %ores ( ! lovely gean--on ! sunny slopes ( ,asia ,m9or1 among ! sp>kl+ v9e-clad islets ( ! ,cyclades1 & on ! rocky1 picturesque1 bay-ind5t$ p59sula ( ,greece1 ! gay & m>tial ,hell5ic race disport$ !mselves4 ,z a race1 "y1 imag9ative1 sup]/iti\s1 & enam\r$ ( ! beautiful1 !y ascrib$ e ph5om5on 9 nature to ! action ( a god--peopl$ ! woods1 ! hills1 ! wat]s1 ) graceful imag9>y be+s sympa?is+ ) & (t5 visible to man1 & fill+ ev5 ! highe/ heav5 ) div9ities :o 7 gods b 9 p[]1 & :olly m5 9 passion4 ,ke5ly alive to pleasure1 & he>+ little ( ! deep] voices ( ! s\l1 _! ?\ghts clung :olly to ! beautiful _w ar\nd !m2 &1 :ile ackn[l$g+ ! s\l's immortality1 !y ev] look$ ^u ,elysium1 _! _w beyond ! grave1 z a %ad[y l& :]e joy becomes s dilut$ z h>dly to be wor? ! hav+4 ,! greate/ poets ! _w ev] saw1 !y embodi$ _! conceptions1 alike 9 lit]ature1 9 ar*itecture1 & ! pla/ic arts1 9 =ms ( su* div9e beauty1 t aft]-ages h ab&on$ 9 despair ev5 ! hope ( rivall+ !m4 ,! /ory ( ,greece is n easily told2 x excell$ 9 s _m dep>tm5ts ( human ef=t--produc+ almo/ simultane\sly an ,alex&]1 a ,socrates1 a ,plato1 a ,demo/h5es1 an ,ari/otle--n to speak ( a ,democritus1 a ,?ales1 an ,anaxagoras1 & o!rs1 9 ^: d>+ b vaguely-fram$ sy/ems ( ! univ]se are to be f\nd n a few brilliant anticipations ( _w-wide tru?1 :i* mod]n sci5ce is n[ recov]+1 & plac+ on ! firm & only def9ite basis ( exp]im5t4 ,add to ! /ory ( ^! nations t ( ! ,roman--! great conqu]ors & legislators1--! /ory ( a city t came to ?r[ its *a9s ov] ! _w1--& !nce pass ov] ! dy+ a%es ( ,paganism into ! new _w ( ,*ri/ianity1 & to ! cong]ies ( k+doms :i* arose "u its b5efic5t sway 9 m$ival ,europe1 at fir/ small1 & nev] pres5t+ ^? great contra/s s obs]vable 9 ! old empires ( ,paganism1 b ea* tell+ its lesson to ^? :o /udy x1 & "s ( !m already influ5c+ ! =tunes ( ! human race to an ext5t nev] possible or dreamt ( 9 prior times4 ,! 8meteor-flag0 ( ,engl& is ! great object :i*1 9 ^! latt] days1 arre/s ! eye ( ! philosophic obs]v]1--bridg+ ov] ! seas1 peopl+ cont95ts & isl&s ) civilis$ man1--& c>ry+ ! sci5ce1 ! religion1 & ! b5efic5t sway ( ,great ,brita9 ov] an empire ^u :i* ! sun nev] sets1 & to climes 8:]e ,cs>'s eagles nev] flew40 ,p>adoxical z x may seem1 ! fur!r we rec$e f ! era ( ^? old nations1 ! bett] able are we becom+ to write _! hi/ory & und]/& _! civilisation4 ,n only are mank9d becom+ tol]ant ( tru? 9 :atev] attire x pres5t itself1 & ?us le>n+ to sympa?ise )1 & s compreh5d1 ^? old =ms ( civilisation1 b ! rec5t /udy ( ! languages ( ,india & ,*9a h op5$ up to u ! lit]ature & life ( ^? old c\ntries4 ,! discov]y ( a clue to ! hi]oglyphics ( ,egypt1 to ! rock-inscriptions ( ,p]sia1 & to ! arr[-head$ *ronicles ( ,assyria1 con/itutes a s]ies ( unexpect$ triumphs1 :i* promises to r5d ! veil ( oblivion f ! face ( ^? long-p]i%$ empires4 ,la/ly1 ! e>? h]self has be5 giv+ u back _! skeletons4 ,two old ,roman cities1 ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 accid5tally discov]$1 h be5 cle>$ ( _! sup]9cumb5t mass ( lava & a%es1 & giv5 back to ! light precisely z !y /ood on ! day :5 ! eruption ( ,vesuvius ov]:elm$ !m eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,into ^? long-buri$ /reets we h desc5d$1 & se5 ! dome/ic civilisation ( imp]ial ,rome mirror$ 9 ^? ha/ily-ab&on$ b\doirs & d9+-rooms1 ba?s1 temples1 & public build+s4 ,9 ! wa/es ( ,p]sia1 ,*>d9 /umbl$ ^u ! ru9s ( imp]ial ,p]sepolis1 ^: v site _h = ages dropt out ( ! _w's memory4 ,! ?\s& monum5ts ( ,egypt h be5 /udi$1 _! hi/oric sculptures & mural pa9t+s magnific5tly copi$1 & a portrait-gall]y publi%$ ( its anci5t dyna/ies4 ,f9ally1 ,lay>d & ,botta h c>ri$ ! ?ir/ ( discov]y to ! banks ( ! ,tigris & ,euphrates1 & h exhum$ f ! m\nds ( long-lo/ ,n9eveh /rik+ & in/ructive ve/iges ( ! fir/ ( ! s-call$ 8univ]sal0 empires4 ,! opportun5ess ( ^! revelations ( ! pa/ _c b /rike "o z rem>kable4 ,k reveal$ too e>ly is lo/4 ,/eam1 ! compass1 gunp[d]1 ! pr9ciple ( ! electric telegraph1 & a hundr$ o!r discov]ies made ( old might be m5tion$1 :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( mank9d n be+ ready = !m1 :olly dropt out ( m9d aga91 or langui%$ on z m]e toys or curiosities4 ,& _h ^? old cities be5 unb>$ at "s e>li] p]iod1 w\ld !y n mo/ lam5tably h %>$ ! fate ( ! monum5ts :i* rema9$ above gr\nd--be5 wantonly de/roy$ by a b>b>\s population1 or be5 us$ z qu>ries1 f :5ce ! deg5]ate successors ( ! eld] race might indol5tly draw _! build+ mat]ials8 ,b ! e>? took !m into h] own safe keep+1 & cov]$ !m up until ! _w _h gr[n old] & wis]1 & knew h[ to prize su* monum5ts ( memorable b long-=gott5 times4 ,( all ! great empires :i* h endur+ly impress$ !mselves ^u ! _w's memory1 no "o has p]i%$ leav+ s few visible m>ks ( its exi/5ce z t :i* fir/ rose into greatness 9 ! l& ( ,assyria4 ,x 0 ?is memorable region :i* gave bir? to ! fir/ ( ! old 8univ]sal empires40 ,on ! pla9s ( ,%9>1 on ! banks ( ! ,l[] ,euphrates1 a community ( civilis$ m5 0 assembl$ m ?an f\r ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,!re1 9 c\rse ( "t1 arose ,babylon1 ) its impregnable walls1 beh9d :i* ! city might eat & dr9k & be m]ry1 ?\gh ! mightie/ ( anci5t ho/s 7 encamp$ outside4 ,!re 7 ! fabl$ hang+-g>d5s1 ! wond] ( ! _w1 erect$ by "o ( its mon>*s to please 8 "y ,m$ian bride1 ^: he>t ye>n$ = ! hills & groves ( h] native l&4 ,t[]+ above all 0 ! va/ temple ( ,belus1 unequall$ = magnific5ce 9 ! anci5t _w1--cr[n$ ) its gigantic gold5 /atue ( ! sun-god1 ris+ s high1 & fla%+ s brightly 9 ! upp] air1 t to ! cr[ds bel[ x seem$ inve/$ ) ! spl5d\rs ( ! deity :om x symbolis$4 ,b m ?an two ?\s& ye>s h elaps$ s9ce all ?is gr&eur came to a sudd5 end2 & s ?or\ghly has ! city m\ld]$ into ! du/1 & s completely has x buri$ itself 9 its own ru9s1 t dur+ ! rec5t excavations execut$ on its site1 sc>cely a deta*$ figure 9 /one1 or a solit>y tablet1 says ,mr ,lay>d1 0 dug out ( ! va/ heaps ( rubbi%4 8,babylon is fall51 is fall56 & all ! grav5 images ( h] gods ,he ha? brok5 unto ! gr\nd40 ,to ! nor?1 ne> ! head ( ! great ,mesopotamian valley1 on ! banks ( ! ,tigris1 /ood ! si/] or rival city ( ,n9eveh--,babylon & x =m+1 z x 71 ! foci ( ! ,assyrian realm1 :i* spread out l an ellipse ar\nd !m4 ,n9eveh1 8t great city10 aga9/ :i* ,jonah ( old utt]$ 8 prophetic w>n+s--f ^: gates ,s5na*]ib1 ,s>gon1 & ,hol(]nes successively set =?1 ) _! spe>m51 & horses1 & *>iots aga9/ ,damascus & ,israel1 & ! coa/s ( ,tyre & ,sidon1--& ar\nd ^: walls ! comb9$ armies ( ,p]sia & ,babylonia encamp$ = ?ree ye>s 9 va91 fell at la/ by a doom z sudd5 & ov]:elm+ z t :i* ov]took ,babylon--p]i%+ s utt]ly1 t :5 ,x5ophon & ! ,t5 ,?\s& pass$ t way1 ev5 its "n 0 =gott51 & he notices its m\nds ( ru9s simply z hav+ be5 ^? ( 8an anci5t city10 :i* he calls ,l>issa4 ,z ,x5ophon left ^? ru9s ,lay>d f\nd !m4 ,rid+1 9 company ) a fri5d z d>+ & en?usia/ic z himself1 d[n ! "r bank ( ! ,tigris1 9 ,april #ahdj1 he re/$ = ! night at a small ,arab village1 ar\nd :i* are /ill ! ve/iges ( an anci5t t[n2 & "h he got 8 fir/ look ( ! buri$ city ^: discov]y 0 to immortalise 8 "n4 8,f ! summit ( an artificial em95ce10 he says1 8,i look$ d[n ^u a broad pla91 sep>at$ f u by ! riv]4 ,a l9e ( l(ty m\nds b\nd$ x on ! ea/1 & "o ( a pyramidal =m rose high above ! re/4 ,beyond x c\ld be fa9tly trac$ ! wat]s ( ! ,zab4 ,its position r5d]$ its id5tification easy4 ,?is 0 ! pyramid :i* ,x5ophon _h describ$1 & ne> :i* ! ,t5 ,?\s& _h encamp$2 ! ru9s ar\nd x 7 ^? :i* ! ,greek g5]al saw tw5ty-two c5turies be=e1 & :i* 7 ev5 !n ! rema9s ( an anci5t city40 ,x mu/ n be suppos$1 because ,n9eveh & ,babylon are ! only cities made mu* m5tion ( 9 ,assyrian hi/ory1 t none o!rs ( importance exi/$ 9 ! c\ntry ar\nd4 ,on ! contr>y1 aga9 & aga91 9 ! c\rse ( 8 j\rneys1 does ,mr ,lay>d speak ( m\nds ( ru9s1 m>k+ ! site ( :at mu/ once h be5 8l>ge cities40 ,9 tru?1 ! valley-l& ( ,mesopotamia1 ) its ri* alluvial pla9s1 int]sect$ by ! ,tigris & ,euphrates & _! num]\s tribut>ies1 pres5t$ a va/ surface1 :i* at any mom5t ! indu/ry ( man might conv]t into a g>d54 ,9 remote/ times1 if 9 imag9ation we c recur to ! p]iod :5 fir/ mank9d began to settle on its pla9s1 x mu/ h pres5t$ a spectacle v mu* l t :i* n[ meets ! eye--wide pla9s ( f]tile soil spr++ into v]dure :]ev] x is t\*$ by wat]1 b des]t almo/ ev]y:]e = a great portion ( ! ye>4 ,! lat5t f]tility ( ! region 0 =?) develop$ by ! race :o !re took up _! abode4 ,! wat]s ( ! riv]s 7 l$ ov] ! flat pla9s 9 long canals1 diffus+ 9 all directions _! irrigat+ /reams1 & caus+ ! teem+ soil1 "u ! rays ( a gl[+ & nev]-fail+ sun1 to produce food 9 abundance = bo? man & bea/4 8,a sy/em ( navigable canals1 t may excite ! admiration ( ev5 ! mod]n eng9e]1 connect$ toge!r ! ,euphrates & ,tigris4 ,) a skill %[+ no common k ( ! art ( survey+1 & ( ! pr9ciples ( hydraulics1 ! ,babylonians took advantage ( ! diff]5t levels 9 ! pla9s1 & ( ! p]iodical rises 9 ! riv]s1 to complete ! wat]-communication betwe5 all p>ts ( ! prov9ce1 & to f]tilise1 by artificial irrigation1 an o!rwise b>r5 & unproductive soil40#adf ,?is sy/em ( irrigation1 x is true1 0 n c>ri$ to p]fection until a late p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,assyrian empire2 b x mu/1 at ! same "t1 be recollect$1 t z f> back z ! light ( hi/ory p5etrates1 x is always civilis$ man t is disc]n$ 9 ! valley ( ! ,euphrates4 ,! vague :isp]+s ( tradition1 ev51 _c speak ( a "t :5 savage tribes w&]$ ov] its pla9s4 ,if we inve/igate :o 7 ! settl$ inhabitants ( ! l& :5 fir/ ! light ( hi/ory breaks ^u x--! p among :om ! old ,assyrian empire arose--we w come to ! conclusion t ! great mass ( ! population belong$ to t purely ,syrian race ^: settlem5ts h 9 all ages ext5d$ f ! banks ( ! ,euphrates to ! %ores ( ! ,levant4 ,b mix$ ) ?is race1 v mu* 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,babylon1 & m fa9tly z we proce$ nor?w>ds1 7 (f%oots ( ! ,cu%ite race1--a p hav+ its pr9cipal seats 9 s\!rn ,arabia1 along ! coa/s ( ! ,indian & ,r$ ,seas1 imp]fectly repres5t$ by ! ,himy>ite ,arabs ( ! pres5t day1 & =m+ a connect+ l9k betwe5 ! old races ( ,syria & ,egypt4 ,into ! population ?us con/itut$ desc5d$ ! ,*aldeans1--a tribe f ! highl&s :i* bord] ! ,mesopotamian valley on ! nor?-ea/1 & :o1 ?\gh ,syrians 9 ! ma91 probably approximat$ some:at 9 "* to ! ,p]sian race4 ,?is tribe obta9$ ! asc5dant among ! population at ,n9eveh & 9 ! upp] portion ( ! ,mesopotamian valley1--imp>t+ to t population1 app>5tly1 a /]n] "* ?an prevail$ 9 ! l[] "p ( ! valley & ar\nd ,babylon4 ,frequ5t w>s occurr$ betwe5 ^! half-rival half-si/] cities2 ! g5]al result ( :i* 01 t ! p ( ,n9eveh held ! ,babylonians 9 a m or less p]fect /ate ( dep5d5ce4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 too1 ! ,cu%ite elem5t 9 ! ,babylonian population 7& :i* probably gave to x its turn = comm]ce & m>itime ent]prise7 became ext9ct2 :ile ! ,*aldean elem5t1 :i* diff]$ b little f ! g5]al mass ( ! population1 seems to h greatly increas$4 ,x 0 f ,ur ( ! ,*aldees1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,n9eveh1 t ,abraham1 9 ob$i5ce to ! ,div9e voice1 w5t =?1 j\rney+ s\?-we/w>ds1 ?r\gh ! des]t ly+ betwe5 ! ,euphrates & ,syria1 &1 rea*+ ,pale/9e1 became ! fa!r ( ! ,hebrew nation4 ,f 8 lo9s also proce$$ ! ,idumeans1 :o prov$ _! sup]iority to ! re/ ( ! ,arabian tribes by f\nd+ ! k+dom ( ,edom1 & excavat+ ! wondr\s rock-city ( ,petra4 ,su*1 !n1 appe>s to h be5 ! old population ( ,assyria4 ,9 ,g5esis we are in=m$ t ,a%ur w5t =? out ( ! l& ( ,%9>1 & f\nd$ new habitations 9 ! nor?1--8,n9eveh & ! city ,rehebo?1 & ,calah1 & ,res51 :i* is a great city20 b accord+ to ! ,*aldean hi/orians1 ! build]s ( ! cities ( ,assyria came d[n f ! m\nta9s ( ,arm5ia4 ,^! /atem5ts1 s f> f be+ inconsi/5t1 t5d to corroborate ! conjecture :i*1 f o!r consid]ations1 we _h arriv$ at1--namely1 t ! ,*aldeans 7 n ! fir/ com]s into ! pla9s ar\nd ,n9eveh1 b f\nd !re a l[l& population 9 an advanc$ /ate ( society1 & closely alli$ 9 blood & language to !mselves4 ,moses ( ,*or5e expressly records t su* 0 ! case2 b ! real /r5g? ( ! supposition we re/ ^u g5]al gr\nds1 :i* x is ne$less "h to ent] ^u4 ,?is ,*aldean tribe1 !n1 :i* ultimately became ! pr$om9ant "o 9 ! valley ( ! ,upp] ,tigris1 7 n ! actual f\nd]s ( ! ,assyrian cities2 b "u _! asc5dancy ^! cities 7 /r5g!n$1 ext5d$1 & embelli%$ s mu*1 z to become z x 7 ! creations ( _! h&s4 ,! ar*itecture ( a nation is ev] dep5d5t to a great ext5t ^u ! build+ mat]ials at its comm&4 ,! alluvial pla9s ( ,assyria1 unbrok5 by a s+le em95ce1 7 s+ul>ly de/itute ( /one ( any k9d1 especially 9 ! l[] portion ( ! valley2 s t ! inhabitants _h to betake !mselves to bricks1 :i* !y c\ld manufacture 9 endless abundance by mix+ a little /raw ) ! alluvial soil4 ,9 ,babylonia1 :]e n a slab ( /one c\ld be got )9 hundr$s ( miles1 ^! bricks 7 c>efully made1--be+ kiln-dri$1 & (t5 col\r$1 &1 :ile ! col\rs 7 /ill moi/1 glaz$ 9 ! fire4 ,ar\nd ,n9eveh !y 71 = ! mo/ "p1 m]ely dri$ = a day or two 9 ! hot sun1--& ) bricks ( ?is description ! h\ses ( ,mesopotamia are built to ?is day4 ,b ,n9eveh1 be+ ne>] ! m\nta9s1 _h a great advantage ov] ,babylon4 ,! pla9s ar\nd x1 & ! l[l&s ly+ betwe5 ! ,tigris & ! hill-c\ntry1 ab\nd 9 a k9d ( co>se alaba/] or gypsum1 l>ge masses ( :i* protrude 9 l[ ridges f ! alluvial soil1 or are expos$ 9 ! gullies =m$ by w9t] torr5ts4 ,ornam5tal f its col\r & transp>5cy1 & (f]+ few difficulties to ! sculptor1 ?is alaba/] 0 us$ by ! p ( ,n9eveh 9 _! public build+s4 ,cut into l>ge slabs1 x 0 us$ z panels to cov] ! inn] surface ( ! brick walls1--ea* slab be>+ on its back an inscription record+ ! "n1 title1 & desc5t ( ! k+ und]tak+ ! "w1 & be+ kept 9 its place by cramps & plugs ( metal or wood4 ,aft] be+ ?us fix$ aga9/ ! wall1 ! face ( ! slabs 0 cov]$ ) sculptures & inscriptions1--9 "s edifices1 z at ,k\yunjik1 ea* *amb] be+ res]v$ = "s p>ticul> hi/orical incid5t1 & ea* palace1 x w\ld appe>1 only record+ 9 its sculptures ! exploits ( ! k+ :o built x4 ,no pill>s are to be f\nd 9 ,assyrian ar*itecture2 & ! difficulty exp]i5c$ by ! build]s 9 ! con/ruction ( expansive ro(s is %[n by ! great n>r[ness ( ! rooms comp>$ ) _! l5g?2 ! mo/ elaborately ornam5t$ hall at ,nimr\d1 al?\gh above #afj feet 9 l5g?1 be+ only #ce feet broad4 ,=ty-five feet appe>s to h be5 ! greate/ wid? spann$ ov] by a ro(2 = ! great c5tral hall 9 ! nor?-we/ palace at ,nimr\d 7#aaj feet by #ij7 may h be5 entirely op5 to ! sky1--&1 z x did n conta9 sculptures1 x probably 0 s4 ,! rooms rang$ f #af to #bj feet 9 height2 ! side-walls be+ cov]$ to twice ! height ( a man by ! sculptur$ slabs1 & _! upp] portion be+ built ( bak$ bricks ri*ly col\r$1 or ( sun-dri$ bricks cov]$ by a ?9 coat ( pla/]1 on :i* v>i\s ornam5ts 7 pa9t$4 ,( ! mode ( ro(+ ^! palaces we "k no?+4 ,probably ! ro( 0 =m$ ( beams re/+ solely on ! side-walls2 b z ?is me?od w\ld n h suffic$ = ! l>g] rooms1 f #ce to #de feet 9 wid?1 we may conjecture t ! beams 9 "s in/ances 7 made to meet & re/ aga9/ ea* o!r at a slight angle 9 ! c5tre ( ! ceil+1 or 7m improbably7 t wood5 pill>s or po/s 7 employ$ :i* h s9ce entirely m\ld]$ away4 ,no traces ( w9d[s are to be f\nd1 ev5 9 ! *amb]s next ! out] walls2 s t1 z 9 ! temples ( ,egypt1 !re mu/ h be5 squ>e op5+s or skylights 9 ! ceil+s1 :i* may h be5 clos$ dur+ ! w9t]-ra9s by canvass or "s su* mat]ial4 ,! pavem5t ( ! *amb]s 0 =m$ ei!r ( alaba/] slabs1 or ( kiln-burnt bricks1 cov]$ ) inscriptions relat+ to ! k+2--& b5ea? ?is pavem5t1 dra9s l$ f almo/ e room1 %[+ t wat] might occasionally h ent]$ ! rooms f above1 by su* ap]tures 9 ! ceil+ z h be5 conjectur$4 ,! int]ior ( ^! ,assyrian palaces mu/ h be5 z magnific5t z impos+4 ,mr ,lay>d ?us graphically describes ! spectacle :i*1 9 days ( old1 met ! eye ( ^? :o ent]$ ! abode ( ! ,assyrian k+s3-- 8,he 0 u%]$ 9 ?r\gh ! portal gu>d$ by ! colossal lions or bulls ( :ite alaba/]4 ,9 ! fir/ hall he f\nd himself surr\nd$ by ! sculptur$ records ( ! empire4 ,battles1 sieges1 triumphs1 ! exploits ( ! *ase1 ! c]emonies ( religion1 7 portray$ on ! walls--sculptur$ 9 alaba/]1 & pa9t$ 9 gorge\s col\rs4 ,"u ea* picture 7 engrav$1 9 *>act]s fill$ up ) bright copp]1 inscriptions describ+ ! sc5es repres5t$4 ,above ! sculptures 7 pa9t$ o!r ev5ts--! k+1 att5d$ by 8 eunu*s & w>riors1 receiv+ 8 prison]s1 ent]+ into alliances ) o!r mon>*s1 or p]=m+ "s sacr$ duty4 ,^! repres5tations 7 enclos$ 9 col\r$ bord]s ( elaborate & elegant design4 ,! emblematic tree1 w+$ bulls1 & mon/r\s animals 7 conspicu\s among/ ! ornam5ts4 ,at ! upp] end ( ! hall 0 ! colossal figure ( ! k+ 9 adoration be=e ! supreme deity1 or receiv+ f 8 eunu* ! holy cup4 ,he 0 att5d$ by w>riors be>+ 8 arms1 & by ! prie/s or presid+ div9ities4 ,8 robes1 & ^? ( 8 foll[]s1 7 adorn$ ) gr\ps ( figures1 animals1 & fl[]s1 all pa9t$ ) brilliant col\rs4 8,! /rang] trod ^u alaba/] slabs1 ea* be>+ an inscription1 record+ ! titles1 g5ealogy1 & a*ievem5ts ( ! great k+4 ,sev]al doorways1 =m$ by gigantic w+$ lions or bulls1 or by ! figures ( gu>dian deities1 l$ into o!r ap>tm5ts :i* aga9 op5$ into m di/ant halls4 ,9 ea* 7 new sculptures4 ,on ! walls ( "s 7 processions ( colossal figures--arm$ m5 & eunu*s foll[+ ! k+1 w>riors lad5 ) spoil1 lead+ prison]s1 or be>+ pres5ts & (f]+s to ! gods4 ,on ! walls ( o!rs 7 portray$ ! w+$ prie/s1 or presid+ div9ities1 /&+ be=e ! sacr$ trees4 8,! ceil+s above him 7 divid$ into squ>e comp>tm5ts1 pa9t$ ) fl[]s1 or ) ! figures ( animals4 ,"s 7 inlaid ) ivory1 ea* comp>tm5t be+ surr\nd$ by elegant bord]s & m\ld+s4 ,! beams1 z well z ! sides ( ! *amb]s1 may h be5 gild$1 or ev5 plat$ ) gold & silv]2 & ! r>e/ woods1 9 :i* ! c$> 0 conspicu\s1 7 us$ = ! wood-"w4 ,squ>e op5+s 9 ! ceil+s ( ! *amb]s admitt$ ! light ( day4 ,a pleas+ %ad[ 0 ?r[n ov] ! sculptur$ walls1 & gave a maje/ic expression to ! human features ( ! colossal =ms :i* gu>d$ ! entrances4 ,?r\gh ^! ap]tures 0 se5 ! bright blue ( an ea/]n sky1 enclos$ 9 a frame on :i* 7 pa9t$1 9 vivid col\rs1 ! w+$ circle1 9 ! mid/ ( elegant ornam5ts1 & ! graceful =ms ( ideal animals4 8,^! edifices1 z x has be5 %[n1 7 great national monum5ts1 ^u ! walls ( :i* 7 repres5t$ 9 sculpture1 or inscrib$ 9 alphabetic *>act]s1 ! *ronicles ( ! empire4 ,he :o ent]$ !m might ?us read ! hi/ory1 & le>n ! glory & triumphs ( ! nations4 ,!y s]v$1 at ! same "t1 to br+ cont9ually to ! remembrance ( ^? :o assembl$ )9 !m on fe/ive occasions1 or = ! celebration ( religi\s c]emonies1 ! de$s ( _! ance/ors1 & ! p[] & maje/y ( _! gods40 ,?is royal magnific5ce 0 well gu>d$4 ,! ext]nal walls ( ! ,assyrian cities1 z we le>n f ! unit$ te/imony ( anci5t au?ors1 7 ( extraord9>y size & height4 ,accord+ to ,diodorus ,siculus1 ! walls ( ,n9eveh 7 "o hundr$ feet high1--s broad t ?ree *>iots might be driv5 abrea/ along _! summit1--& =tifi$ ) fifte5 hundr$ t[]s1 ea* ( :i* 0 two hundr$ feet 9 height4 ,accord+ to ! same au?ority1 ! circumf]5ce ( ! city 0 sixty miles1--a /atem5t :i* exactly tallies ) ! dim5sions giv5 9 ! ,book ( ,jonah1 :]e ,n9eveh is said to h be5 ?ree days' j\rney r\nd ab\t4 ,?is is an imm5se circuit1--b x mu/ be recollect$ t ! dim5sions ( an ,ea/]n city d n be> ! same proportion to its population z ^? ( an ,european city4 ,! cu/om1 preval5t to "s degree 9 ,s\!rn ,asia1 ev5 9 ! e>lie/ times1 ( seclud+ ! wom5 9 ap>tm5ts remov$ f ^? ( ! m51 z well z ! heat ( ! climate1 r5d]s a sep>ate h\se = ea* family almo/ indisp5sable1 & is p]fectly incompatible ) t economy ( space1 & close aggregation ( dwell+s1 :i* we witness 9 ! cities ( ! ,we/4 ,moreov]1 )9 ! circuit ( ^? old cities !re us$ to be a 8p>adise0 or hunt+-gr\nd = ! k+1 & or*>ds1 g>d5s1 & an ext5sive tract ( arable l&2 s t ! inhabitants1 beh9d _! impregnable walls1 c\ld bid defiance alike to =ce & to fam9e4 ,f ! expression ( ,jonah1 t !re 0 mu* cattle )9 ! walls ( ,n9eveh1 x may be inf]r$ t !re 0 also pa/ure = !m4 ,_m cities ( ! ,ea/--z1 = in/ance1 ,damascus & ,ispahan--are /ill built 9 ?is mann]2 ! am\nt ( _! population be+ greatly disproportionate1 accord+ to our ,we/]n notions1 to ! site :i* !y occupy4 ,if we take ! f\r great m\nds ( ,nimr\d1 ,k\yunjik1 ,khorsabad1 & ,k>amles1 z ! corn]s ( an elongat$ quadrangle 7eighte5 miles by twelve71 x w be f\nd t ! =m z well z ! circumf]5ce ( ! city correspond pretty accurately ) ! /atem5ts ( anci5t writ]s4 ,ea* qu>t] ( ?is va/ city1 says ,mr ,lay>d1 may h _h its peculi> "n2 h5ce ! palace ( ,evorita1 :]e ,s>acus de/roy$ himself--& ! ,mespila & ,l>issa ( ,x5ophon1 :i* names ! ,greek g5]al applies respectively to ! m\nd-ru9s at ,k\yunjik & ,nimr\d4 ,x is c]ta9 t l>ge =tifi$ enclosures exi/$ )9 ! out] walls1 surr\nd+ ! pr9cipal build+s or palaces1 & capable ( def5ce aft] ! re/ ( ! city 0 /orm$4 ,^! f\r great m\nds1 ! sc5e ( ,mr ,lay>d's excavations1 m>k ! site ( ! pr9cipal public build+s ( ,n9eveh1--app>5tly at once temples & palaces1--built ^u elevat$ plat=ms ( masonry1 l ! temples ( ! anci5t ,mexicans1 &1 f _! great /r5g?1 always plac$ s z to =m "p ( ! ext]nal def5ces ( ! city4 ,b ^! 7 n ! only great build+s 9 ,n9eveh2 = )9 ! quadrangle describ$ by ^! ru9s1 _m o!r l>ge m\nds are to be se51 & ! face ( ! c\ntry is /rew$ ) ! rema9s ( pott]y1 bricks1 & o!r fragm5ts4 ,! space betwe5 ! great public build+s 0 d\btless occupi$ by private h\ses1 /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( g>d5s1 & built at di/ances f ea* o!r2 or =m+ /reets :i* enclos$ g>d5s ( consid]able ext5t1 & ev5 arable l&4 ,! abs5ce ( ! rema9s ( ^! h\ses1 says ,mr ,lay>d1 is easily acc\nt$ =4 8,!y 7 con/ruct$ almo/ entirely ( sun-dri$ bricks1 &1 l ! h\ses n[ built 9 ! c\ntry1 soon disappe>$ altoge!r :5 once ab&on$1 & all[$ to fall into decay4 ,! l>ge/ palaces w\ld probably h rema9$ undiscov]$1 _h n slabs ( alaba/] m>k$ ! walls4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 suffici5t to indicate t build+s 7 once spread ov] ! space above describ$2 =1 besides ! va/ numb] ( small m\nds ev]y:]e visible1 sc>cely a husb&man drives 8 pl\gh ov] ! soil )\t expos+ ! ve/iges ( =m] habitations40 ,f ! num]\s l>ge m\nd-ru9s visible on ! ,mesopotamian pla9s1 x is evid5t t ! "w ( excavation is only comm5c$4 ,! long-seal$ book ( ,assyrian hi/ory & antiquities has only begun to be unroll$2 & 9 ! c\rse ( ano!r g5]ation ! lab\rs ( ,lay>d w probably be z f> exce$$ z ^? ( ,belzoni 9 ,egypt h be5 by ! rec5t inve/igations ( ,lepsius & ,*ampollion-le-,jeune4 ,x is ne$less1 !n1 at pres5t to wa/e "t 9 ! discussion ( moot po9ts 9 ,assyrian hi/ory1 :i* 9 a few ye>s fre% discov]ies may at once set def9itively at re/4 ,z yet1 ,assyrian *ronology has be5 b little advanc$ by ! rec5t rese>*es1--& ?is pr9cipally ow+ to ! circum/ance1 already m5tion$1 t ! sculptures & inscriptions ( ea* palace relate only to ! c>e] ( ! p>ticul> k+ :o erect$ or embelli%$ x4 ,all we "k is1 t ! palaces at ,nimr\d 7if we except ! unf9i%$ "o7 mu/ h be5 built at lea/ n9e c5turies ,b4,c42 b t ! e>lie/ ( !m may h be5 re>$ by ! great ,n9us himself#adg 7#bjjj ,b4,c471--a mo/ unsatisfactory /ate ( k2 & t ! palaces at ! o!r angles ( ! city--namely1 ,k\yunjik1 ,k>amles1 & ,khorsabad--7 erect$1 to all appe>ance1 betwe5 ! n9? & six? c5turies ,b4,c4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 ) all c]ta9ty1 t a great crisis & convulsion 9 ! =tunes ( ! ,/ate occurr$ betwe5 ! erection ( ! e>li] & lat] s]ies ( palaces4 ,?is convulsion 0 probably occasion$ by ! successful revolt ( ! ,m$es "u ,arbaces1 & ! capture ( ,n9eveh1 ab\t #iej ,b4,c41 :i* br\ght to an end ! anci5t dyna/y ( ,n9us & ,semiramis1 aft] ?irte5 c5turies ( p[]1 & e/abli%$ a new family on ! ?rone4 ,n9us--^: "* z a great hunt] ( ! lion & pan!r tallies ) ! scriptural acc\nts ( ,nimrod--is said1 by ! g5]al cons5t ( _m anci5t writ]s1 to h f\nd$ ! ,assyrian mon>*y m ?an two ?\s& ye>s be=e ,*ri/1--do+ s 9 ! mid/ ( a p f> advanc$ 9 civilisation1 ^: works1 says ,moses ( ,*or5e1 ! new-com]s endeav\r$ to de/roy1 & ^: k ( ! arts 0 tak5 advantage ( by ! conqu]ors 9 ! erection & embelli%m5t ( _! palaces4 ,9 corroboration ( ?is x may be /at$1 t ( all ! specim5s ( ,assyrian art :i* h be5 discov]$1 ! mo/ anci5t are inv>iably ! be/1--a curi\s fact1 agree+ )1 b n e/abli%+1 ! hypo!sis t ! build]s ( ! mo/ anci5t edifices at ,n9eveh 7 assi/$ by a p ( skill sup]ior to _! own4 ,! b\nd>ies ( ! ,assyrian mon>*y1 l t ( e o!r long-e/abli%$ empire1 fluctuat$ f age to age4 ,at ! epo* ( its greate/ p[]1 x appe>s to h ma9ta9$ an asc5dancy ov] ,p]sia & ,m$ia1 & f !nce we/w>ds to ! %ores ( ! ,levant2 :ile x is indisputable t its rule 0 = long dom9ant 9 ,asia ,m9or1 :]e t[ns 7 built & colonies f\nd$ by ! ,assyrian mon>*s1--,troy itself1 accord+ to ,plato1 hav+ be5 "o ( _! dep5d5cies4 ,! pr[ess ( ! ,assyrian armies 9 lat] times made itself felt ev5 9 ,egypt2 b 9 ! w>s betwe5 ^! two great antagoni/s1 !re is reason to believe t ! balance ( success lay *iefly ) ! ,egyptians4 ,x w\ld appe> t = a consid]able p]iod1 betwe5 ! #ad? & #i? c5turies ,b4,c41 a close connection1 ei!r by conque/ or fri5dly int]c\rse1 exi/$ betwe5 ^! two empires1--:i* connection produc$ consid]able *anges 9 ! arts & cu/oms ( ,assyria1 z may be witness$ 9 ! introduction ( ! sitt+ sph9xes ( ,nimr\d1 & ! lotus-%ap$ ornam5ts ( ,khorsabad & ,k\yunjik4 ,on ! e>lie/ monum5ts ( ,n9eveh we read ( exp$itions und]tak5 aga9/ ,babylon1 :i* city 0 at fir/ unque/ionably indep5d5t ( ! ,assyrian pr9ces1 b :i* ere long became subject to !m--we>+ _! *a9s1 h[ev]1 unwill+ly1 & occasionally 9 "n r ?an 9 fact4 ,:5 ! ,m$es revolt$ "u ,arbaces1 ! gov]nor ( ,babylon took "p ) ! rebels1 & 9 alliance ) !m succe$$ 9 captur+ ,n9eveh1 & de/roy+ its public build+s--if n depopulat+ x4 ,"u ! new or lat] dyna/y1 h[ev]--:i* c\nts 9 its brief roll ! great names ( ,s>gon & ,s5na*]ib--,n9eveh rose 9 r5ew$ spl5d\r & p[]3 ! palaces ( ,k\yunjik1 ,k>amles1 & ,khorsabad 7 built1 ! la/ ( :i* excell$ all its pr$ecessors 9 magnific5ce2 & ! city atta9$ ^? va/ dim5sions describ$ by ,diodorus & ! prophet ,jonah4 ,b ! days ( ?is great city & anci5t empire 7 fa/ draw+ to a close4 ,head$ by ,cyax>es & ,nabopolass>1 ! comb9$ armies ( ! ,p]sians & ,babylonians aga9 approa*$ its walls2 & aft] a protract$ siege ( ne>ly ?ree ye>s1 !y at l5g? 7#fjf ,b4,c47 captur$ ! city at a "t :5 ! riv] _h ov]fl[$ its b$ & c>ri$ away a portion ( ! wall4 ,! city 0 !n utt]ly de/roy$--! tor* 0 put to its noble palaces1 & its inhabitants 7 compulsorily di/ribut$ among ! adjo9+ t[ns & villages4 ,n9eveh 0 no m4 ,twelve c5turies aft]w>ds 7,a4,d4 #fbg71 ! great battle betwe5 ,h]aclius & ,rhazates 0 f\ght )9 ! space once compass$ by its walls4 8,! city1 & ev5 ! ru9s ( ! city10 says ,gibbon1 8_h long ago disappe>$3 ! vacant space af=d$ a spaci\s field = ! op]ations ( ! two armies40 ,! primitive religion ( ! ,assyrians appe>s to h be5 a =m ( ,sabanism4 ,x appe>s to h consi/$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ! sun--n z ! ,deity1 b z an emblem ( ! ,deity--z ! greate/1 mo/ glori\s1 & mo/ b5efic5t ( ,8 works 9 ! eye ( man1 & ! my/]y ( ^: unbeholdable spl5d\rs n unaptly symbolis$ ! pres5ce ( ,him 8:o dwelle? 9 light t is inaccessible & full ( glory40 ,b ! peculi> "p ( ! ,*aldean fai? or philosophy 0 ! influ5ce :i* x ascrib$ to ! planets ov] ! life & =tunes ( m54 ,! belief 9 a/rology is "o ( ! olde/1 if n absolutely ! v olde/1 :i* "o meets ) 9 ! hi/ory ( po/diluvian mank9d4 ,x 0 n conf9$ to any "o nation1 or any "o era ( ! _w4 ,x has liv$ f ! e>lie/ times1 d[n ?r\gh sev]al ?\s& ye>s1 to ! middle ages ( ,europe1 & /ill l+]s ev5 at ! pres5t day4 ,to take ! la/ spots 9 ! _w :]e "o is likely to f9d old-_w notions l+]+--8,raphaels0 & 8,zadkiels0 are to be f\nd ev5 9 ! capitals ( ,engl& & ,france1 :]e a/rological almanacs are at ?is mom5t ye>ly publi%$1 conta9+ pr$ictions ( ! future--"o ( :i* mod]n ,magi boa/s t he correctly pr$ict$ ! dea? ( ! 8h]o ( ,wat]loo10 & bo? ( :om1 we believe1 prophesi$ two ye>s ago t #ahed is to be ! dea?-ye> ( ,l\is ,napoleon6 ,b ! ,ea/ is ! native l& ( a/rology2 & !re1 to ?is day1 x is believ$ 9 z firmly z if x belong$ to ! doma9 ( ! positive sci5ces4 ,x is curi\s to "k t "o ( ! causes ( ! disa/r\s issue ( ! la/ battle 7,augu/ #e7 betwe5 ! ,turks & ,russians 9 ,asia1 0 ! ob/9ate adhesion ( ! ,turki% g5]al to an a/rological crot*et4 ,! ,russians _h deta*$ a division ( _! army to ,bayazid1 :]e !y surpris$ & defeat$ a ,turki% corps2 b no soon] did ,g5]al ,guyon le>n ( ?is movem5t1 ?an he c\nsell$ ! ,turki% comm&]1 ,z>if ,pa%a1 imm$iately to advance & attack ! ma9 body ( ! ,russians :ile ?us weak5$4 ,! ,pa%a1 h[ev]1 :ile ass5t+ to ! plan1 w\ld n move at ! "t requir$1 alleg+ t nei!r t day nor ! morr[ w\ld d = ! attack1 8because ! />s 7 unpropiti\s40 ,eight-&-=ty h\rs 7 ?us lo/1 big ) ! =tunes ( ! campaign2 & ! consequ5ce 01 t :5 ! ,turks did at la/ advance1 !y f\nd n only t ! ,russian deta*m5t _h rejo9$ ! ma9 body1 b t ! ,russian g5]al _h be5 fully appris$ by 8 spies ( ! m$itat$ night-m>* ( 8 enemies4 ,we h n space "h to und]take an inve/igation ( ! old ,*aldean fai?1 nor to po9t out ! pr9ciples 9 human nature by a ra% reason+ ^u :i* a/rology seems to h aris54 ,we w\ld rem>k1 h[ev]1 t ! convulsion :i* int]v5$ betwe5 ! fall ( ! fir/ ,assyrian dyna/y & ! rise ( ! second1 occasion$1 or 0 at lea/ accompani$ by1 a *ange 9 ! ,/ate-religion ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ! palaces at ,khorsabad & ,k\yunjik1 built by ! second dyna/y1 we f9d no traces ( ! religi\s emblems s frequ5t 9 ! sculptures ( ! e>lie/ palaces at ,nimr\d4 ,! emblem ( ! great ,div9ity--! w+$ figure )9 ! circle--has nev] be5 f\nd 9 ! lat]-built palaces2 & f ! frequ5t repres5tations ( ! fire-alt> 9 ! bas-reliefs f ^? ru9s1 & on cyl9d]s1 evid5tly ( ! same p]iod1 !re is reason to believe t a fire-wor%ip1 l t introduc$ by ,zoroa/] among ! ,p]sians1 _h succe$$ to ! pur] =ms ( ,sabanism4 ,al?\gh eagle-head$ figures1 & o!r my?ic =ms1 exi/ 9 ! e>lie/ sculptures at ,n9eveh1 9 no case d !y appe> to h be5 objects ( wor%ip4 ,! k+ is only se5 9 adoration be=e "o symbol ( ! ,deity--! figure ( :i* we h already spok51 ) ! w+s & tail ( a bird enclos$ 9 a circle1 resembl+ ! ,ormuzd ( ! ,p]sian monum5ts4 ,he is g5]ally /&+ or kneel+ b5ea? ?is circl$ figure ) 8 h& rais$ 9 sign ( pray] or adoration4 ,?is symbol ( ! ,deity is nev] repres5t$ above any p]son ( inf]ior rank1 b appe>s to wat* specially ov] ! k+--:o among ! ,assyrians1 z among all ! old nations1 0 reg>d$ z ! type & repres5tative ( ! nation4 ,x is se5 above him on all occasions1 9 ! sculptures1 sympa?is+ ) & assi/+ him1 l a good ,provid5ce4 ,if x presides ov] a triumph1 its action resembles t ( ! k+2 & :5 repres5t$ ov] ! k+ 9 w>1 x is se51 l a god ( battles1 %oot+ its arr[s aga9/ ! enemies ( ! ,assyrians4 ,! mo/ sup]ficial exam9ation ( ! sculptures suffices to prove ! sacr$ "* ( ! k+4 ,n only is ! symbol ( ! great ,deity above him1 z well z ! sun1 moon1 & planets2 b ! prie/s1 or less] div9ities 7:i*ev] ! w+$ human figures s frequ5tly f\nd on ! ,assyrian monum5ts may be71 are repres5t$ z wait+ ^u or m9i/]+ to him4 ,?is is j a developm5t ( ! old patri>*al pr9ciple1 by :i* a fa!r us$ to wor%ip on behalf ( 8 family4 ,at ?is day ! pr9ciple is c>ri$ out to ! fulle/ ext5t 9 ,*9a1 :]e ! 8high] sacrifices0 c only be (f]$ by ! ,emp]or 9 p]son1 :o actually reg>ds himself z ! fa!r ( ! nation1 & :o1 on occasion ( national calamities1 fa/s & makes public confession ( 8 s9s & %ortcom+s1 look+ ^u !m z ! reason :y ! ,div9e wra? is p\r$ out ^u 8 p4 ,a m>k$ diff]5ce is likewise obs]vable 9 ! /yle ( ornam5tal art "u ! e>li] & lat] dyna/ies4 ,:at pr9cipally di/+ui%es ,assyrian f ,egyptian sculpture is1 t ! =m] is entirely free f ! angul> mode ( treatm5t s conspicu\s 9 ! latt]4 ,x is m florid1 & altoge!r m advanc$2 b at ! same "t x mu/ be said1 t 9 reg>d to accuracy we incl9e to place great] e/imation ^u ! portrait-sculpture ( ,egypt ?an ^u t ( ,assyria4 ,9 ! lat] monum5ts ( ,n9eveh we f9d direct1 al?\gh n v ext5sive1 traces ( ,egyptian influ5ce2 b ! pr9cipal di/9ction betwe5 ! e>li] & lat] sculptures is1 ! great] k ( design & composition display$ 9 ! =m]4 ,! bas-relief repres5t+ ! ,lion-hunt1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 is a good illu/ration ( ! e>lie/ s*ool ( ,assyrian art yet discov]$4 ,x f> exce$s ! lat] sculptures 9 ! vig\r ( treatm5t1 ! elegance ( ! =ms1 & 9 :at ! ,fr5* aptly t]m m\vem5t1--z well z by ! evid5t attempt at composition1 ! arti/ical arrangem5t ( ! gr\ps4 ,! sculptors :o work$ at ,khorsabad & ,k\yunjik p]haps possess$ m skill 9 h&l+ _! tools1 & _! "w is frequ5tly sup]ior to t ( ! e>li] arti/s 9 delicacy ( execution--z1 = in/ance1 9 ! details ( ! features--& 9 boldness ( relief2 b !y are decid$ly inf]ior to _! ance/ors 9 ! high] bran*es ( art--9 ! treatm5t ( a subject1 & 9 beauty & v>iety ( =m4 ,! dome/ic furniture1 arms1 ut5sils1 & p]sonal ornam5ts ( ! ,assyrians %[ a v ref9$ & cultivat$ ta/e4 ,9 _! arms !y rivall$ ev5 ! ,greeks 9 elegance ( design4 ,_! dr9k+-cups & vessels us$ on fe/ive occasions 7 app>5tly ( gold1 l ^? ( ,solomon1 or ( silv]2 & !y 7 frequ5tly wr\ght into ! %ape ( ! head & neck ( an animal--su* z a lion or bull--& resembl$ ^? aft]w>ds 9 use among ! ,greeks1 & f\nd 9 ! tombs ( ,etruria4 ,_! ?rones1 tables1 & c\*es 7 made bo? ( metal & wood2 & ! tables & *airs 7 frequ5tly %ap$ l our camp-/ools1 & may h be5 made to close4 ,on ! e>lie/ monum5ts1 ! *air is repres5t$ ri*ly cu%ion$1 ) ! seat & legs ta/efully c>v$1 b )\t a back1--9 ! lat] monum5ts ! back is add$1 b ! *airs exhibit less elegance4 ,inde$1 9 dome/ic & p]sonal ornam5t1 z 9 ! high] bran*es ( art1 ! mo/ anci5t ,assyrian monum5ts greatly exce$ ! lat]4 8,_m =ms _h be5 pres]v$10 says ,mr ,lay>d1 8z 9 ! swords1 bracelets1 & armlets2 b !y _h evid5tly deg5]at$1 & are m co>sely design$ 9 ! sculptures4 ,?is is also evid5t 9 ! embroid]ies ( ! robes1 & 9 ! details ( ! *>iots4 ,we see ! same love ( elaborate & pr(use decoration1 b n t elegance & v>iety s conspicu\s 9 ! ornam5ts ( ! fir/ p]iod4 ,! kneel+ bull or wild-goat1 ! graceful fl[]1 & ! gr\ps ( m5 & animals skilfully comb9$1 are succe$$ by a pr(usion ( rosettes1 circles1 & squ>es1 cov]+ ! :ole surface ( ! dress1 or ! sides ( ! *>iots4 ,al?\gh !re is a c]ta9 ri*ness ( appe>ance1 yet ! classic =ms1 if ! t]m may be us$1 ( ! e>li] arti/s1 are want+40 ,! mat]ials at our comm& are z yet too scanty to enable u to arrive at def9ite conclusions z to ! mann]s & private life ( ! ,assyrians2 b we d n d\bt t future discov]ies w yet supply ! desid]atum4 ,mr ,lay>d says3-- 8,f casual notices 9 ! ,bible & 9 anci5t hi/ory1 we le>n t ! ,assyrians1 z well z ^? :o succe$$ !m 9 ! empire ( ,asia1 7 fond ( public ent]ta9m5ts & fe/ivities1 & t !y display$ on su* occasions ! greate/ luxury & magnific5ce4 ,! ,assyrian k+1 call$ ,nabu*odonosor 9 ! book ( ,judi?1 on return+ f 8 victori\s exp$ition aga9/ ,arphaxad1 fea/$ ) 8 :ole army = "o hundr$ & tw5ty days4 ,! same is relat$ by ! ,greek au?ors ( ,s>danapalus1 aft] 8 great victory ov] ! comb9$ armies ( ! ,m$es4 ,! ,book ( ,e/h] describes ! spl5d\r ( ! fe/ivals giv5 by ! ,babylonian k+4 ,! pr9ces & nobles ( 8 va/ dom9ions 7 fea/$ = "o hundr$ & eighty days2 & = "o week all ! p ( ,susa assembl$ 9 ! g>d5s ( 8 palace1 & 7 s]v$ 9 vessels ( gold4 ,! ri*e/ tape/ries adorn$ ! halls & t5ts1 & ! mo/ co/ly c\*es 7 prep>$ = ! gue/s4 ,w9e 0 s]v$ 9 abundance1 & wom51 includ+ ev5 ! wives & concub9es ( ! mon>*1 7 frequ5tly pres5t to add to ! magnific5ce ( ! sc5e4 ,accord+ to ,qu9tus ,curtius1 n only did hir$ female p]=m]s exhibit on ^! occasions1 b ! wives & daught]s ( ! nobles1 =gett+ _! mode/y1 danc$ be=e ! gue/s1 dive/+ !mselves ev5 ( _! g>m5ts4 ,w9e 0 drunk immod]ately4 ,:5 ,babylon 0 tak5 by ! ,p]sians1 ! inhabitants 7 celebrat+ "o ( _! great fe/ivals1 & ev5 ! gu>ds 7 intoxicat$4 ,! ,babylonian k+1 ignorant ( ! approa*+ fate ( 8 capital1 & surr\nd$ by "o ?\s& ( 8 pr9ces & nobles1 & by 8 wives & concub9es1 drank out ( ! gold5 vessels t _h be5 c>ri$ away f ! ,jewi% temple4 ,on ! walls ( ! palace at ,khorsabad 0 a bas-relief repres5t+ a public fea/1 probably 9 celebration ( a victory4 ,m5 7 se5 seat$ on high *airs ) dr9k+-cups 9 _! h&s2 :il/ att5dants 7 br++ 9 b[ls1 goblets1 & v>i\s fruits & vi&s1 = ! banquet4 ,at ,nimr\d "p ( a simil> bas-relief 0 discov]$4 ,music 0 n want+ on ^! occasions40 ,! arts & civilisation ( ,n9eveh repres5t ^? ( ,babylon also4 ,babylon1 ?\gh x 0 long ( atta9+ to ! political greatness ( h] rival1 0 evid5tly an old] city4 ,x c h>dly be d\bt$ t x arose f ! fir/ ga!r+ ( mank9d ^u ! pla9s ( ,%9>4 ,f notices ( x on ,egyptian monum5ts ( ! "t ( ,?o?mes ,,iii41 x is evid5t t x 0 a place ( consid]able note at lea/ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury be=e ,*ri/4 ,al?\gh = long politically ov]%ad[$ by h] neighb\r ,n9eveh1 ,babylon at an e>ly p]iod became fam\s = ! ext5t & importance ( h] comm]ce4 ,no position c\ld !n h be5 m fav\rable ?an h]s = c>ry+ on a trade ) all ! regions ( ! kn[n _w4 ,%e /ood ^u a navigable /ream t br\ght to h] quays ! produce ( ! temp]ate highl&s ( ,arm5ia--runn+ we/w>d 9 "o "p ( its c\rse to )9 a hundr$ miles ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 & empty+ its wat]s into a gulf ( ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,p>allel to ?is great riv]1 & sc>cely inf]ior to x 9 size1 0 ! ,tigris1 fl[+ ?r\gh ! f]tile pla9s ( ,assyria1 & c>ry+ _! produce to ! ,babylonian cities4 ,! inhabitants turn$ ^! natural advantages to ! be/ acc\nt2 & _! indu/ry & ent]prise1 coop]at+ ) t ( civilis$ p 9 ! adjo9+ c\ntries1 greatly increas$ ! means ( locomotion4 ,highroads & causeways across ! ,des]t connect$ ,babylonia ) ,syria & ,pale/9e4 ,=tifi$ /ations protect$ ! m]*ant f ! w&]+ tribes ( ,arabia1--wall$ cities s]v$ z re/+-places & /oreh\ses1--& wells at regul> int]vals gave an abundant supply ( wat] dur+ ! hotte/ season ( ! ye>4 ,"o ( ^? highways 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ,mesopotamia1 &1 cross+ ! ,euphrates ne> ! t[n ( ,an!musia1 l$ into ,c5tral ,asia2--a second appe>s to h left ,babylon by ! we/]n qu>t] ( ! city1 & ent]$ ,idumea1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry ( ! ,naba?ans2--:ile o!rs bran*$ (f to ,tadmor1 & to o!r cities built 9 ! ,des]t almo/ solely = purposes ( trade4 ,to ! ea/ ( ,babylon 0 ! celebrat$ milit>y & comm]cial road describ$ by ,h]odotus1 lead+ f ,s>dis to ,susa 9 n9ety days' j\rney1 & furni%$ at int]vals ( ab\t fifte5 miles ) /ations & public ho/elries1 probably resembl+ ! mod]n c>avans]ais ( ,p]sia4 ,a v consid]able trade 0 likewise c>ri$ on ) ,india1 ?r\gh ,m$ia1 ,hyrcania1 & ! c5tre ( ,asia1--by :i* r\te x 01 probably1 t ! great] "p ( ! preci\s /ones & gold 7 suppli$ to ,babylon4 ,a coa/+ trade exi/$ along ! %ores ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf ea/w>ds4 ,! prophet ,isaiah alludes to ! %ips ( ! ,*aldeans2 & we le>n f ! ,k\yunjik inscriptions t ! inhabitants ( ! c\ntry at ! m\? ( ! ,euphrates possess$ vessels 9 :i*1 :5 defeat$ by ! ,assyrians1 !y took refuge on ! sea4 ,x is difficult to det]m9e to h[ f> ! ,babylonians may h navigat$ ! ,indian ,ocean2 b ( ! m]*&ise 9 :i* !y trad$1 ! pe>ls1 cotton1 spices1 preci\s /ones1 ivory1 ebony1 silks1 & dyes1 a l>ge portion1 if n ! :ole1 mu/ h be5 obta9$ f ! s\!rn coa/s ( ,arabia1 & f ! ,indian p59sula4 ,_! exports consi/$ bo? ( manufactures & ( ! natural produce ( ! c\ntry4 ,corn 0 cultivat$ to a great ext5t1 & s5t to di/ant prov9ces2 & ! ,babylonian c>pets1 silks1 & wooll5 fabrics1 wov5 or embroid]$ ) figures ( my?ic animals1 & ) exquisite designs1 7 n less fam\s = ! beauty ( _! texture & workman%ip1 ?an = ! ri*ness & v>iety ( _! col\rs4 ,babylon rea*$ h] z5i? ( p[] & magnific5ce imm$iately aft] ! f9al de/ruction ( ,n9eveh4 ,"u ,nebu*adnezz> %e succe$$ to ! pr\d position s long held by h] rival4 ,! b\nds ( ! city 7 ext5d$2 build+s ( extraord9>y size & magnific5ce 7 erect$1 & h] victori\s armies conqu]$ ,syria & ,pale/9e1 & p5etrat$ into ,egypt4 ,b h] greatness z an indep5d5t ,/ate 0 %ort-liv$4 ,! ,m$ians & ,p]sians1 :o _h be5 ! pr9cipal ag5ts 9 ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,assyrian empire1 n[ unit$ "u "o k+1 turn$ _! w>like /r5g? aga9/ _! =m] ally ,babylon2 & sc>cely half a c5tury _h elaps$ f ! fall ( ,n9eveh1 :5 8,bel%azz>1 ! k+ ( ! ,*aldeans1 0 sla91 & ,d>ius ! ,m$ian took ! k+dom40 ,f t "t ,babylonia sank into a prov9ce ( ,p]sia--/ill reta9+1 h[ev]1 mu* ( its =m] p[] & trade2 &1 z we le>n f ! rock-inscriptions ( ,bisutun1 z well z f anci5t au?ors1 /ruggl+ m ?an once to rega9 its indep5d5ce4 ,:5 ,alex&] ! ,great ov]?rew ! ,p]sian empire1 ,babylon op5$ its gates to him1 & he deem$ ! city wor?y to become ! capital ( 8 mighty empire4 ,! e>ly dea? ( ! conqu]or1 h[ev]1 )\t leav+ a successor1 prev5t$ 8 spl5did projects be+ c>ri$ into execution2 & ! la/ bl[ to ! prosp]ity ( ,babylon 0 giv5 by ,seleucus1 :5 he laid ! f\ndations ( 8 new capital 7,seleucia7 on ! banks ( ! ,tigris 7,b4,c4 #cbb74 ,nev]!less1 a consid]able population seems to h l+]$ 9 ! fa/-decay+ city2 =1 five c5turies aft]w>ds1 we f9d ! ,p>?ian k+ ,evem]us s5d+ num]\s families f ,babylon into ,m$ia1 to be sold z slaves1 & burn+ _m great & beautiful edifices :i* /ill rema9$ /&+4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,arab invasion1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? c5tury1 ! anci5t cities ( ,babylon 7 8a desolation1 a dry l&1 & a wild]ness40 ,amid/ ! heaps t m>k$ ! site ( ,babylon h]self1 !re rose ! small t[n ( ,hillah1 :i*1 ) its fall+ gateway1 mean baza>1 & a few half-ru9$ mosques1 /ill exi/s1 z if 9 mock]y ( ! p[] & spl5d\r :i* 9 long-dep>t$ ages _h !re its abode4 ,moral corruption 0 ! ru9 ( ,babylon1 z ( all ! great empires ( ! old _w4 ,h] va/ trade1 :i* r5d]$ ,babylon ! ga!r+-place ( m5 f all p>ts ( ! kn[n _w1 :i* p\r$ weal? into h] c(f]s1 & furni%$ h] ) luxuries ( all k9ds1 _h ! effect ( produc+ an effem9acy & g5]al pr(ligacy1 :i* ma9ly contribut$ to h] fall4 ,!re is no necess>y connection betwe5 prosp]ity & corruption2 nev]!less1 9 nations z 9 individuals1 x is g5]ally f\nd t a long lease ( prosp]ity--especially if conjo9$ ) mu* weal?1 :i* at once all[s ( indol5ce & invites to self-indulg5ce--dw>fs ! g5]\s & l(ty feel+s ( our nature1 & r5d]s bo? m5 & nations selfi% 9 feel+1 & absorb$ 9 ! mat]ial com=ts & pleasures ( life4 ,9 ,babylon ?is t5d5cy 0 aggravat$1 at lea/ 9 lat] times1 by ! corruptions ( its religion1 promot$ by a hi]>*y :i*1 9 c\rse ( "t1 became at once too ri* & too p[]ful = its own purity1 & too pr(ligate n to insure ! corruption ( ! p4 ,! description giv5 by ,h]odotus ( ! mann]s ( ! p1 :5 "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,p]sian k+s1 is suffici5t to expla9 ! cause ( ,babylon's spe$y fall & ultimate ru92 & 8 acc\nt tallies p]fectly ) ! d5unciations ( ! city's wick$ness by ! prophets ( ,israel4 ,h] inhabitants1 z g5]ally happ5s1 along ) _! moral integrity lo/ _! w>like "*4 ,:5 ! ,p]sians broke into ! city1 !y 7 revell+ 9 debau*]y & lu/2 & :5 ! ,mac$onian conqu]or appe>$ at _! gates1 !y receiv$ ) indiff]5ce ! yoke ( a new ma/]4 8,x is n difficult10 says ,mr ,lay>d1 8to acc\nt = ! rapid decay ( ! c\ntry ar\nd ,babylon4 ,z ! inhabitants des]t$ ! city10 & a =eign yoke press$ heavily ^u !m1 8! canals 7 neglect$2 & :5 once ^? great s\rces ( f]tility 7 *ok$ up1 ! pla9s became a wild]ness4 ,^u ! wat]s convey$ by _! *annels to ! inn]mo/ p>ts ( ,mesopotamia1 dep5d$ n only ! h>ve/s1 ! g>d5s1 & ! palm-groves1 b ! v exi/5ce ( ! num]\s t[ns & villages f> remov$ f ! riv]-banks40 ,built ( unbak$ bricks1 8!y soon turn$ to m]e heaps ( e>? & rubbi%4 ,vegetation ceas$2 & ! pla9s1 p>*$ by ! burn+ heat ( ! sun1 7 ere long once m a va/ arid wa/e40 ,s fl\ri%$ & s fell ,n9eveh & ,babylon4 ,= f\rte5 c5turies ! ,assyrian empire1 ( :i* !y =m$ ! pill>s1 0 ! lead+ ,p[] 9 ,we/]n ,asia1--ov]lapp+ to ! s\? ) t ( ,egypt1 ) :i* x 0 sometimes at peace1 sometimes at w>1 at fir/ a dep5d5t & latt]ly victori\s4 ,we ?9k ! "* ( ^! two old empires may be symbolis$ by _! diff]5t /yles ( ar*itecture1--,egypt built ) granite1 & ,assyria ) alaba/] & pa9t$ brick4 ,x 0 n to geographical position t ! diff]5ce 0 ow+4 ,! valley ( ! ,nile & t ( ! ,euphrates are mu* alike4 ,bo? are alluvial 9 _! "*1 & possess b little /one2 & ) bo? nations1 accord+ly1 brick 0 ! ord9>y mat]ial employ$ 9 build+4 ,9 bo? c\ntries qu>ries ( granite & o!r /one exi/$ 9 ! m\nta9s :i* bord]$ ! valley-l&1 ) riv]s ^u :i* ! /one might be float$ d[n on rafts4 ,b ! "o nation us$ ?is mat]ial1 & ! o!r did n4 ,! ,egyptians1 indomitable 9 sci5ce1 & animat$ by gr&] views ?an _! ,asiatic rivals1 s5t sev]al hundr$ miles = intractable b ev]la/+ granite1 :]eon to design _! sculptures & inscriptions1 & ) :i* to re> ^? va/ & c\ntless edifices :i* seem de/9$ to p]petuate ! fame & hi/ory ( _! f\nd]s to ! end ( "t4 ,! ,assyrians1 fond] ( luxury ?an ( fame1 m desir\s ( display ?an ( endur+ /r5g?1 cont5t$ !mselves ) mat]ials :i* !y c\ld get )\t tr\ble1 b ornam5t+ ! brick ) col\rs1 or coat+ x ) slabs ( s(t alaba/]1 :i* !y f\nd protrud+ f ! gr\nd b5ea? _! feet4 ,! ar*itecture ( ,egypt 0 gr& & /rong--t ( ,assyria 0 va/ & %[y4 ,egyptian sculpture 0 angul>1 & /rove to be correct1--t ( ,assyria 0 r\nd & florid4 ,al?\gh we "k z yet b little ( ! arts & cu/oms ( life among ! ,assyrians1 we may confid5tly conjecture t !y 7 left comp>atively un%ackl$ by rule1 & at ! sway ( individual impulse2 :]eas 9 ,egypt rule & sy/em p]vad$ ev]y?+1 alike 9 art & 9 society4 ,( all ! empires ( ! fir/ p]iod ( ! _w1 ! ,assyrian is ! "o ^: hi/ory & civilisation mo/ closely connect !mselves ) ! subsequ5t de/9ies ( mank9d4 ,india & ,*9a 7 isolat$ empires1 ea* develop+ a civilisation = itself1 indep5d5t ( & :olly un9flu5c+ ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,egypt 0 less s2 b x also1 seclud$ 9 position & unproselytis+ 9 _s1 /&s ap>t f ! community ( nations1 & may be /udi$ l an isolat$ /atue plac$ 9 a ni*e4 ,) ,assyria1 h[ev]1 ! case is f> o!rwise4 ,its influ5ce1 ext5d+ = c5turies ov] ,we/]n & ,s\!rn ,asia--f ! fronti]s ( ,affghani/an to ! ,levant1 f ! ,p]sian ,gulf to ! %ores ( ! gean ,sea--0 pot5t 9 modify+ a va/ population1 de/9$ to give bir? to _m civilis$ ,/ates4 ,f its lo9s proce$$ ! empire ( ,p]sia1--:i* 01 9 fact1 9 all respects only a modification ( ! empire :i* x supplant$2 :ile ^! two1 by _! great influ5ce ov] all we/]n ,asia1 includ+ ! ,greek settlem5ts ( ,ionia1 mu/ h affect$ 9 no slight degree ! ,hell5ic m9d--especially f ! p]iod :5 ,alex&] by 8 conque/s drew ,greece bodily into ,asia4 ,z yet1 z we h said1 ! book ( ,assyrian hi/ory & civilisation is only beg9n+ to be unroll$2 b !re are already 9 ! possession ( ! lit]ati ( ,europe writt5 cyl9d]s & inscriptions :i*1 :5 deciph]$1 w ca/ important light ^u matt]s z yet 9 ! d>k4 ,d\btless _m m w be f\nd ev5 9 ! ru9s already op5$1--only "o ( :i*1 let x be not$1 has be5 ?or\ghly se>*$4 ,above all1 ru9s ^u ru9s are to be se5 scatt]$ ov] ! pla9s ( ,mesopotamia1 :i* ,mr ,lay>d himself describes z ! evid5t rema9s ( anci5t cities1 & :i* (f] ample scope = ! lab\rs ( m ?an "o g5]ation ( inve/igators4 ,we %all get at ! tru? at la/4 ,ye>s may roll by1 & /ill see b little progress made 9 ! se>*2--b !re1 und]nea?1 lie ! records ( ! pa/ = :i* we seek1 & e>? w keep !m safe until we are ready to dig = !m 9 e>ne/4 ,,! ,,op5+ ,,( ,,! ,,ganges ,,canal4 #h? ,april #ahed4 ,f di/ant-ly+ l&s1 ,lone 9 grey surges ( ! mi/y nor?1 ,! little b& came =?1 ,:o meet _! ,god to-day ) ?ankful pray]3 ,! myriads clap _! h&s1 ,sons ( ! soil n[ desolate & b>e1 ,& _! glad voices rise ^u ! morn+ air4 ,x comes1 long-wi%$-=1 comes1 ,! tam$ & fri5dly flood1 ,:ile blatant arms & rattl+ drums ,sway to ! peaceful conque/ _! unwont$ mood4 ,& y1 ,o anci5t peaks1 ,cold-glanc+ 9 ! e>ly sun6 ,?is cr[d1 9 e murmur1 speaks ,y\r glory2--n[ is done ,y\r lonely age2 y\r true life is begun3 ,/ill ?r\gh ! night1 f l$ge to l$ge ,! avalan*es fall1 ,/ill re>s its crag & brea?less edge ,y\r prmemorial wall2 ,yet may y swell our hymn to-day1 ,y\r old reproa* is tak5 away1-- ,b>r5 no m6 ,l h] :o bore ,9 h] :ite age ! lo/ hope ( h] prime1 ,yet he>d ! ,heav5ly pl$ge ) glad surprise1 ,ye1 hav+ won y\r h]itage f "t1 ,lift y\r ho> heads ) laught] to ! skies4 ,& ye>s to come %all he> y\r praise1 ,f> o!r ?an ! fame ( demon-gods1 ,hold+ _! grim abodes ,on ,m]u's top ?r\gh fabl$ scul> days2 ,ye>s h5ce1 "s ag$ man may say-- ,( ^? :o /& to-day ,by ! glad baptism ( y\r y\nge/ born2-- ,:]e1 f 8 fruit-grove1 f> ar\nd ,he eyes ! gre5 & afflu5t gr\nd3-- 8,i /ood among !m on t %9+ morn1 ,i saw ! rul] ( ! l& ,let loose ! wat]s ) an easy h&2 ,! riv]1 va9ly idolis$ ( yore1 ,n[ fir/ h] s]vants bless$2 ,! :ite-topp$ m\nta9s nev] bore ,u b5efit be=e1 ,till taught by ^? wise /rang]s ( ! ,we/4 ,"o %ade alone hung o'er u1 ,to cl\d ! sc5e be=e u1 ,& temp] ) humility our joy-- ,"o mild b e>ne/ voice1 ?\gh /ill1 ,told u ( m+l$ good & ill1 ,& ! old moral ( ! _w's alloy60 ,ah6--may our names1 l 81#adh be kn[n1 ,:5 we are pass$ & gr[n ,b ,memories1 z ,greek & ,moghul are1 ,by de$s l ^! alone1 ,true triumphs1 t atone1 ,& v9dicate ! viol5ce ( w>4 ,h4,g4,k4 ,,! ,,uses ,,( ,,beauty4 ,he>t-?robs ( ,poesy2 ,old /ori$ walls2 ,t9t-beams ( brilliancy ,:5 daylight falls2 ,floods ( wild melody ,?r\gh palace-halls2 ,twilight mi/s on ! deep2 ,ke5 />s above2 ,woman's sweet fell[%ip1 ,holy home--,love2-- ,all t ,e>? prea*es ,by ,beauty1 is giv5 ,to tra9 & to tea* u1 ,& m\ld u = ,heav54 ,h4,g4,k4 ,,spani% ,,politics ,,& ,,cuban ,,p]ils4 ,madrid1 #ad? ,septemb] #ahed4 ,de> ,ebony1--,! political *ronicle1 s9ce la/ ,i wrote to y1 is f> f (f]+ su* /irr+ incid5ts z 7 record$ 9 my ,july & ,augu/ despat*es4 ,!re has be5 no fight+1 al?\gh we 7 once on ! br9k ( x1 & ?+s h gone pretty quietly1 &1 ^u ! :ole1 satisfactorily4 ,aft] ! fray comes ! fea/2 & j z my la/ lett] w5t (f1 a banquet 0 giv5 at ! ,!atre-,royal1 by ! press ( ,madrid1 to ! m9i/]s & a l>ge numb] ( notable p]sons4 ,! press took an important "p 9 ! rec5t movem5ts "h1 & has n be5 unrew>d$1 sev]al ( its memb]s hav+ be5 appo9t$ to high po/s "u gov]nm5t4 ,aft] ! d9n]1 at :i* spee*es & patriotism 7 pl5tiful1 ! next incid5t ( note 0 ! return to ,madrid ( ! small division t fir/1 "u ,o',donnell & ,dulce1 rais$ ! bann] ( revolt aga9/ ! ,s>torius tyranny1 & f\ght ! brief b sangu9>y fight ( ,viclv>o4 ,b ! pr9cipal ev5t ( ! la/ ?irty days1 ! only "o :i* 7) its consequ5ces7 is wor? dwell+ ^u1 is ! dep>ture--,i might almo/ say ! escape--( ,que5 ,*ri/9a f ,madrid & f ,spa94 ,9 =m] lett]s ,i h giv5 y an idea ( ! dete/ation ) :i* ,f]d9&'s wid[1 once s belov$1 has long be5 reg>d$4 ,to ^? :o rememb] ! affection & en?usiasm te/ifi$ = h] dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( h] resid5ce 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! contra/ ) ! /orm ( hatr$ & execration amid/ :i* %e has quitt$ x1 is v /rik+4 ,!n %e 0 ! hope ( ,spa91 ! idol ( ! ,lib]al p>ty2 h] appe>ance abroad 0 ! signal = *e]s z vehem5t & he>tfelt z any t h s9ce be5 rais$ = ,esp>t]o4 ,h] "n 0 ! soldi]'s battle-cry1 :5 combat+1 amid/ ! rugg$ hills ( nor!rn & ea/]n ,spa91 ! p>tisans ( ,*>les ,v42 x 0 ! bur!n ( ! songs ) :i* he enliv5$ 8 brief int]vals ( repose1 & beguil$ ! we>9ess ( ! m>*4 ,z ,i write1 !re recurs to my memory ! bur!n ( "o ( ^? *e]ful ditties1 9 :i* ,spani>ds are call$ ^u joyfully to exclaim 8,viva la ,re9a1 ,m>ia ,cri/9a1 %e :o broke ! *a9s t b\nd & oppress$ u0--& m to t effect4 ,little m ?an a mon? ago1 z ,i walk$ ?r\gh ! ,pu]ta del ,sol--! he>t ( ,madrid1 :i* is ! c5tre ( ,spa9--bl9d m5 & ill-fav\r$ wom5 %\t$ at e corn] ! titles & cont5ts ( scurril\s pamphlets t rec\nt$ ! misde$s ( 8,"m ,*ri/9a40 ,x may truly be said t1 ( ! f\rte5 millions t p ,spa91 n "o p]son 7save h] own creatures7 c\ld be f\nd to raise 8 voice 9 h] fav\r4 ,! *>ges br\ght aga9/ h] are num]\s1 & b too well f\nd$4 ,%e is accus$ ( gross & wilful neglect ( h] daught]'s education--neglect :i* has be5 ! ma9 orig9 ( ! sc&al ,isabella has caus$1 & ( ! humbl$ & p]il\s position 9 :i* %e n[ f9ds h]self2 h] cr[n tott]+ on h] head1 & h] only *ance ( n los+ x consi/+ 9 implicit ob$i5ce to h] m9i/]'s directions4 ,%e is accus$ ( hav+ betray$ ! lib]ties ( ,spa91 :i* 7 intru/$ to h] keep+2 ( hav+ trampl$ on ! laws %e _h sworn to ma9ta92 ( hav+ built up a colossal =tune at ! exp5se ( ! nation2 ( hav+1 by h] unscrupul\s gre$ & %ameful political intrigues1 by h] own conduct1 & by h] patronage (1 & complicity )1 "s ( ! wor/ m5 9 ,spa91 de/roy$ all public morality1 & augm5t$ to an inconceivable ext5t adm9i/rative corruption4 ,on all ^! *>ges1 an imm5se jury1 compos$ ( ! :ole ,spani% nation1 has unanim\sly f\nd h] guilty4 ,&1 s9ce h] dep>ture1 ! g5]al hope & pray] are t %e may nev] aga9 set foot 9 ! c\ntry %e has s deeply injur$4 8,may ! accurs$ ,italian10 said a newspap] ! o!r day1 8nev] return hi!r to make a traffic ( all t is mo/ sacr$ & holy ^u e>?40 ,b1 be=e %e _h left1 ! feel+ conc]n+ h] 0 9 "o respect diff]5t4 ,x 0 ! op9ion ( _m t x 0 nei!r safe nor j to all[ h] to leave ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 rememb]$ h[1 dur+ h] ?ree ye>s' exile 9 ,france1 %e _h intrigu$ & manuvr$1 & lavi%$ treasure1 until1 aid$ by ! divisions 9 ! ,lib]al camp & by ! incapacity ( ! ,lib]al gov]nm5t1 %e rode into ,madrid 9 ! triumphal c> ( ,reaction4 ,!n1 x is true1 %e _h a /aun* & int]e/$ ally 9 ! wily & unscrupul\s *ief ( ! h\se ( ,orleans4 ,depriv$ ( 8 p[]ful aid & coop]ation1 %e is manife/ly mu* less to be dread$4 ,b a portion ( ! ,spani% nation1 & especially ( ! inhabitants ( ! capital1 well acqua9t$ ) h] great cunn+ & skill 9 intrigue1 & ov]rat+1 p]haps1 ! elem5ts & res\rces %e c comm& 9 a =eign c\ntry = ! purpose ( aga9 di/urb+ ,spa9's tranquillity1 insi/$ t %e %\ld be cag$ & n expell$1 & moreov] t %e %\ld be br\ght to acc\nt be=e ! ,cortes = ! peculations & robb]ies attribut$ to h] by ! voice ( ! entire nation4 ,y w rememb] ! sc5es t occurr$ at ! palace soon aft] ,esp>t]o's arrival "h1 & ! va9 attempts !n made to get h] (f 9 safety1 :il/ arm$ & m5ac+ cr[ds 7 vigilant to prev5t h] passage1 & c\ld be induc$ to ab&on _! wat* ov] _! sov]eign's palace1 & _! /ations ^u ! roads f ,madrid1 only by a promise f ! gov]nm5t t ! object ( ! popul> wra? %\ld n be all[$ cl&e/9ely to dep>t4 ,b x soon 0 f\nd t if !re 0 a probability ( h] be+ dang]\s abroad1 !re 0 a c]ta9ty ( h] be+ s at home4 ,h] daught]'s resid5ce aga9 became a focus ( intrigue4 ,?is got s well kn[n1 ! reaction>y p>ty1 enc\rag$ by hav+ _! old protectress to lean ^u1 7 s active1 & symptoms 7 obs]v$ s dang]\s to public tranquillity1 t ! *iefs ( ! national gu>d s5t a deputation to ! gov]nm5t1 urg+ /rongly ! removal ( ,*ri/9a f ! palace4 ,z ! national gu>d ( ,madrid n[ consi/s ( upw>ds ( tw5ty ?\s& m51 & z !y elect _! own *iefs1 :o mu/ !re=e be consid]$ to repres5t ! op9ions & enjoy ! confid5ce ( ! majority1 ! pray] ( su* a deputation naturally _h weight2 & at cab9et c\ncils held on t & ! foll[+ day1 ! pr9cipal "q discuss$ 0--,:at is to be done ) ! ,que5-"m8 ,! impossibility ( prev5t+ h] intrigues1 %\ld %e rema9 9 ,spa91 except by conf9em5t too rigor\s to be legal1 det]m9$ ! c\ncil to expel h] f ! c\ntry2 atta*+ h] prop]ty until ! ,cortes %\ld h inve/igat$ h] conduct1 & decid$ conc]n+ ! *>ges br\ght aga9/ h]4 ,?is plan resolv$ ^u1 x 0 imm$iately put into execution4 ,! det]m9ation 0 come to on ! ev5+ ( ! #bg? ,augu/4 ,on ! #bh?1 at sev5 9 ! morn+1 ! m9i/]s 7 at ! palace1 to witness ! ,que5-"m's dep>ture4 ,! adieus 7 brief4 ,*ri/9a betray$ no emotion at p>t+ f h] daught]1 :o1 on h] "p1 dropp$ a few decor\s te>s1 b 0 n v greatly afflict$4 ,!re has nev] be5 mu* affection betwe5 ! two que5s1 al?\gh ! eld] ( !m1 by h] a/ut5ess & sup]ior /r5g? ( "*1 has ex]cis$ great influ5ce ov] ! y\ng]4 ,! ,que5-"m !n took leave ( ! m9i/]s1 :om %e mu/ he>tily dete/2 recomm5d$ h] daught] to ! c>e & wat*ful gu>dian%ip ( ,esp>t]o1 & ent]$ a l>ge travell+-vehicle1 accompani$ by h] husb&1 :o look$ griev\sly deject$1 & att5d$ by an ecclesia/ic ( high rank1 & by sev]al p]sons ( h] h\sehold4 ,h] *ildr5's dep>ture _h prec$$ h]s4 ,"s 7 9 ,portugal1 o!rs 9 ,france4 ,escort$ by two squadrons ( cavalry1 "u ! comm& ( ! well-kn[n ,g5]al ,g>rig1 %e rea*$1 by %ort /ages1 & )\t mole/ation1 ! fronti] ( ! =m] c\ntry4 ,few p]sons 7 pres5t at ,*ri/9a's dep>ture1 al?\gh x 0 /at$ 9 ! ,fr5* pap]s1 ^: blund]s conc]n+ ,spani% affairs are incessant & amus+1 t ! w9d[s ( ! palace 7 fill$ ) ladies wav+ h&k]*iefs1 & t its ro( 0 cr[d$ ) national gu>ds4 ,! tru? is1 t h>dly anybody 9 ,madrid knew ( ! ,que5-"m's go+1 until %e _h actually gone4 ,z ! news spread1 a c]ta9 excitem5t 0 manife/$1 & t[>ds elev5 o'clock a cr[d ( m51 _m ( !m arm$1 ?rong$ ! small squ>e 9 front ( ,esp>t]o's resid5ce1 ) m5ac+ %\ts ( ,d[n ) ! ,m9i/ry6 & l\d dem&s = ! return ( ,*ri/9a4 ,an aide-de-camp pres5t+ himself at a w9d[ to address !m1 fire>ms 7 levell$ at him1 & he 0 compell$ to retire4 ,! f]m5tation ea* mom5t increas$4 ,deputations f v>i\s public bodies wait$ ^u ! premi] to express _! disapproval ( ! /ep tak54 ,! g5]al impression abroad 01 t a trick _h be5 play$ on ! p1 t fai? _h be5 brok5 ) !m1 & t ! gov]nm5t 0 pl$g$ n to suff] ! dep>ture ( ,*ri/9a until ! ,cortes _h decid$ conc]n+ h]4 ,! v]bal pl$ge giv5 by ,esp>t]o to a deputation1 at a "t :5 x 0 a great object to get rid ( ! bodies ( arm$ m5 :o beset ! palace1 & infe/$ ! environs ( ,madrid1 mak+ x _! bus9ess to gu>d aga9/ ! escape ( ! ,que5-"m1 01 t %e %\ld n dep>t furtively1 ei!r by day or by night4 ,h] dep>ture1 !re=e1 at eight 9 ! morn+1 :5 ! gazette conta9+ its ann\ncem5t _h be5 b an h\r publi%$1 0 held to be a violation ( ?is promise1 z f> z reg>d$ ! p4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! national gu>d _h insi/$1 ?r\gh its *iefs1 t ,*ri/9a %\ld n rema9 at ! palace2 !re 0 dang] to ! tranquillity ( ,madrid if %e cont9u$ !re2 h] prop]ty 9 ,spa91 & h] p5sion ( ?irty ?\s& p\nds a ye>1 :i* 0 susp5d$1 (f]$ consid]able security = ! f9ancial improprieties ( :i* %e might be f\nd to h be5 guilty4 ,to let h] leave ! c\ntry 0 manife/ly ! wise/ c\rse1 & x 0 adopt$4 ,x has be5 urg$ t x w\ld h be5 m /raight=w>d ( ! gov]nm5t1 & w\ld h prev5t$ ev5 ! imputation ( a brea* ( fai?1 to h summon$ commissions ( ! national gu>ds1 ! corporation1 & o!r bodies1 & f !m to h obta9$1 be=eh&1 t approval ( ! measure :i* 0 almo/ unanim\sly accord$ to !m a few h\rs aft] x _h be5 tak54 ,b 9 cases ( ?is k9d !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 be=e & aft]4 ,! same m5 :o1 :5 ! ?+ 0 done1 support$ ! cause ( ord] & ! gov]nm5t1 ( ^: good int5tions !y 7 sure1 & ( ! wisdom ( ^: conduct !y pres5tly became p]suad$1 might h assum$ a diff]5t attitude _h !y be5 consult$ 9 advance4 ,moreov]1 by act+ 9 t way1 by def]r+ on e occasion to ! popul> voice1 :e!r x spoke words ( wisdom or words ( folly1 ! m9i/]s c\ld nev] hope to ga9 /r5g?1 :i* 0 :at !y mo/ ne$$4 ,9 %ort1 x might h be5 a v difficult & dang]\s bus9ess to get ,*ri/9a out ( ,madrid1 _h ! int5tion be5 publi%$ ! day be=e2 & d\btless ! gov]nm5t pref]r$ risk+ ! unf\nd$ imputation ( a deception1 to incurr+ ! responsibility ( fre% collisions4 ,9 my op9ion1 z an eyewitness ( all t pass$1 x w\ld h be5 haz>d\s to h act$ o!rwise ?an ! m9i/]s did4 ,z x 01 n a %ot 0 fir$1 n a w\nd receiv$2 & ?ree days aft] ! affair1 ev]ybody seem$ conv9c$ t ! be/ _h be5 done4 ,i %all n dwell ^u ! incid5ts ( ! aft]noon & night ( ! #bh? ,augu/1 ( :i* y w h already se5 acc\nts4 ,= a %ort "t ?+s look$ m5ac+1 & _m expect$ a fight4 ,! c\ncil ( m9i/]s1 assembl$ 9 ! l>ge build+ on ! ,pu]ta del ,sol :i* is at once ! ,spani% 8,home ,(fice0 & ! ma9 gu>d-h\se1 receiv$ num]\s delegates f ! corporation1 ! prov9cial deputation1 & f o!r public bodies2 exp\nd$ to !m _! views & reasons1 & receiv$ promises ( support4 ,mean:ile ! national gu>d--a portion ( x some:at sulky & dissatisfi$--took up arms & prep>$ to ma9ta9 ord]4 ,a consid]able numb] ( b>ricades _h be5 ?r[n up4 ,! pres5ce & exhortations ( ,g5]al ,san ,miguel suffic$ = "s ( ^! to be remov$ by _! mak]s4 ,b 9 a small section ( ! t[n !y 7 ma9ta9$2 & a few hundr$ malcont5ts busi$ !mselves 9 /r5g!n+ !m1 & decl>$ _! int5tion ( def5d+ !m4 ,ov] _! unev5 summits 7 to be se5 ! b>rels ( muskets & f[l+-pieces1 & a few famili> faces :i* _h (t5 cross$ my sight dur+ ! revolution ( ,july4 ,x 0 n c]ta9 :at ! b>ricad]s want$2 9 fact1 !re 0 a /range comb9ation ( elem5ts2 b ! *ief dem& !y put =w>d 01 ! dismissal ( ! m9i/ry1 :om !y decl>$ to h betray$ ! p4 ,z f> z ,i c\ld obs]ve1 ,esp>t]o 0 except$ f ?is v]dict2 b only by ^? ( ! insurg5ts :o1 h[ev] mi/ak5 9 ! c\rse !y pursu$1 act$ 9 good fai?1 & 9 support ( _! own political views4 ,!re 7 _m o!rs :o 7 actuat$ by widely diff]5t motives4 ,! reaction>y & absoluti/ p>ty _h its repres5tatives at ! b>ricades2 =eign influ5ce 0 also at "w2 & x has be5 suppos$ by "s t ,*ri/9a _h suppli$ funds--n1 p]haps1 9 anticipation ( ! outbreak 7al?\gh ev5 t %e may h =ese571 b to be 9 read9ess = any occasion ( mis*ief t might pres5t itself4 ,x 0 cle>ly = h] int]e/1 ! revolution hav+ gone s f>1 to see x c>ri$ f>!r4 ,if ! ultra-democratic p>ty1 aid$ by ! rabble ( ! l[ di/ricts ( ,madrid1 c\ld ga9 ! asc5dant1 ! c]ta9 result 0 an>*y4 ,!n w\ld come reaction1 & ,*ri/9a & h] fri5ds might hope to resume _! places & recomm5ce _! spoliations4 ,accord+ly1 !re c be no d\bt--inde$1 x 7 easily prov$--t ag5ts ( ! expell$ p>ty--! ,palacos1 z !y are call$--/imulat$ & assi/$ 9 ! di/urbances ( ! #bh? ,augu/4 ,_! ef=ts 7 ( no avail aga9/ ! /eady attitude ( ! national gu>ds1 :o rema9$ = eighte5 h\rs "u arms 9 ! /reets1 ob$i5t to _! (fic]s1 & turn+ a deaf e> to ! p]fidi\s ins9uations ( ag5ts :o s\ght to set !m aga9/ ! gov]nm5t1 & to divide !m among/ !mselves4 ,! insurg5ts1 see+ t _! cause 0 hopeless1 & hav+ ! promise1 f ,esp>t]o's own lips1 ( a brisk cannonade at daybreak1 ab&on$ _! b>ricades 9 ! c\rse ( ! night4 ,_m ( !m left _! arms beh9d !m2 a consid]able numb] 7 tak5 prison]s2 m escap$ by conceal+ !mselves 9 h\ses until su* "t z ! national gu>ds1 all dang] be+ ov]1 retir$ to _! homes4 ,on ! #bi?1 ,madrid 0 z quiet z if no?+ _h occurr$4 ,a =eign]1 lately resid5t 9 ?is capital1 & :o1 )9 little m ?an a ye>1 has acquir$ a r un5viable celebrity1 is "h g5]ally believ$ to h _h a h& 9 ! outbreak ( ! #bh? ultimo4 ,i ref] to ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates at ,madrid4 ,a ,fr5*man by bir?1 b compell$ to ab&on 8 c\ntry previ\s to ! revolution ( #ahcj1 9 consequ5ce ( c]ta9 political writ+s1 ,m4 ,pi]re ,s\l settl$ on ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic1 & became he>t & s\l an ,am]ican4 ,a man ( great en]gy1 vigor\s intellect1 & consid]able a/ut5ess1 he atta9$ to high practice at ! b>1 to a seat 9 ,congress1 & to ! lead]%ip ( ! p>ty :i* seeks1 )\t mu* reg>d to ! means employ$1 to annex ,cuba to ! ,/ates4 ,) t unscrupul\s p>ty1 8 op5 pr(ession ( ! mo/ di/ort$ views on que/ions ( int]national "r made him highly popul>4 ,f 8 seat 9 ! ,s5ate1 e>ly 9 #aheb1 he bitt]ly attack$ ! gov]nm5t ( ,mr ,fillmore = n tak+ up ! cause ( ! adv5tur]s "u ,lopez2 "s ( :om _h be5 execut$1 & o!rs s5t to prison1 = _! piratical attempt on ! isl& ( ,cuba4 ,9 #ahec1 %ortly be=e 8 appo9tm5t z m9i/] at ,madrid1 he made a long & eloqu5t spee*1 9 :i* he laud$ ,lopez & 8 companions z h]oes1 indulg$ 9 /++ s>casms on ,spa9 & ,spani>ds1 &1 speak+ ( ,cuba1 urg$ ! gov]nm5t1 9 metaphorical phrase1 n to delay too long to pluck ! fruit f ! tree1 le/ x %\ld rot ^u ! /em4 ,?is is ! man :om ,mr ,frankl9 ,pi]ce ?\ght prop] to s5d z envoy to ,spa94 ,y w rememb] t1 on 8 arrival at ,new ,york to emb>k = ,europe1 a meet+ 0 held 9 t city1 compos$ ( memb]s ( ! ,lone ,/> ,society1 ( fugitives f ,cuba1 & ( o!r p>tisans ( annexation1 :o proce$$ to s]5ade him1 be>+ bann]s on :i* 7 inscriptions c\pl+ ,mr ,s\l's "n ) ! rescue ( ,cuba f ! ,spani% yoke4 ,a memb] ( ! procession made a high-fl[n spee*1 9 :i* he express$ a hope t1 :5 ! hon\rable envoy return$ to 8 own c\ntry ) fre% claims ^u ! e/eem ( 8 fell[-citiz5s1 a new /> w\ld %9e 9 ! cele/ial vault ( ,"y ,am]ica4 ,m4 ,s\l repli$ to ?is address1 ref]r+ to ,cuba z a suff]+ p2 & decl>+ t1 z an ,am]ican m9i/]1 he did n cease to be an ,am]ican citiz52 & t1 z an ,am]ican citiz51 he _h a "r to att5d to ! sobs ( angui% ( ! oppress$4 ,tak5 9 connection ) 8 h>angues 9 ! ,s5ate1 & ) ! address to :i* x repli$1 8 spee* 0 c]ta9ly mo/ significant1 indiscreet1 & (f5sive to ,spa94 ,x caus$ great sc&al1 n only 9 ,europe1 b among/ ! "r-?9k+ portion ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mr ,pi]ce 0 l\dly c5sur$ = ! appo9tm5t1 & ,am]ican newspap]s decl>$ t x 0 8 duty1 z soon z he knew :at _h pass$ 9 ,new ,york1 to s5d a /eam] aft] ,mr ,s\l to br+ him back1 s9ce he _h prov$ himself completely unfit to fill ! (fice ( ,am]ican m9i/] 9 ,spa94 ,i believe x to be a fact t ! ,unit$ ,/ates did n expect _! envoy to be receiv$ z su* at ,madrid4 ,b !y und]rat$ ! meanness & pusillanimity ( ! ,spani% m9i/ry !n 9 p[]4 ,aft] "s delay at ,p>is1 employ$1 x 0 said1 9 asc]ta9+ :at sort ( reception await$ him 9 ! ,spani% capital1 ,mr ,s\l proce$$ to 8 de/9ation4 ,he _h be5 b a %ort "t !re1 :5 an un=tunate affair br\ght him into bad od\r4 ,at a ball at ! ,fr5* ambassador's1 ! ,duke ( ,alba1 ref]r+ to ,mrs ,s\l's dress1 :i* /ruck him z peculi>1 comp>$ h] to ,m>y ( ,burgundy4 ,probably ! comp>ison 0 n v apt2 possibly ! gr&ee :o made x 0 n p>ticul>ly conv]sant ) ! co/umes ( ! middle ages3 !re c]ta9ly does n appe> to h be5 any (f5sive int5tion ( comp>+ p]sons1 b m]ely ( criticis+ a co/ume4 ,mr ,s\l's son1 h[ev]1 a v "y man1 ov]he>d ! rem>k1 took x 9 bad "p1 & provok$ ! ,duke ( ,alba4 ,! result 0 a bloodless duel1 f\ght ) v long swords1 la/+ a v long "t1 & foll[$ up by a v long lett] to ! pap]s1 :i* ,mr ,s\l1 jun41 _h1 = 8 own sake1 mu* bett] h left unwritt54 ,out ( ?is affair grew a second duel1 m s]i\s 9 its "* & results1 betwe5 ,mr ,s\l & ! ,fr5* m9i/] at ,madrid4 ,!y f\ght ) pi/ols1 & ! ,m>quis de ,turgot receiv$ an un=tunate w\nd 9 ! leg1 :i*1 to ?is day1 compels him to use crut*es4 ,! :ole details ( ^! unpleasant circum/ances 7 at ! "t plac$ be=e ! public by ! ,engli% & ,fr5* press1 & ! g5]al op9ion c]ta9ly seem$ to be t ! ,s\ls _h unnecess>ily comm5c$1 & aft]w>ds wilfully aggravat$ a fooli% qu>rel1 :i*1 z new-com]s to ! c\ntry & consid]+ ! diplomatic "* ( ! s5ior1 & ! imputations ( ho/ility to ,spa9 "u :i* he lab\r$1 !y ought to h done _! utmo/ to avoid4 ,be ?is z x may1 & )\t ent]+ into ! political animosities t are said to h m+l$ 9 ! affair1 ! ,spani>ds naturally took ! "p ( _! c\ntryman & ( ,m4 ,turgot--! case ( ! latt] excit+ p>ticul> sympa?y1 s9ce he _h be5 dragg$ into & maim$ 9 a qu>rel ) :i* he _h n ! lea/ conc]n4 ,!nce=w>d ! society ( ,madrid avoid$ t ( ! ,s\l family4 ,^! unpleasant incid5ts _h sc>cely ceas$ to arre/ ! public att5tion1 :5 ! affair ( ! ,black ,w>rior aga9 br\ght ,mr ,s\l's "n prom95tly be=e ! _w4 ,?is affair has be5 s mu* discuss$ t its ma9 facts mu/ be g5]ally & well kn[n1 & ,i w use ! utmo/ brevity 9 "h recapitulat+ !m1 :i* ,i d = ! sake ( add+ a few comm5ts1 & ( relat+ "o or two circum/ances 9 ! dispute to :i* !y gave rise t ,i believe are n widely kn[n4 ,on ! #bh? ,febru>y la/1 ! ,black ,w>rior /eam-%ip1 a regul> trad] betwe5 ,mobile & ,new ,york1 arriv$ f ! =m] place 9 ! port ( ,havanah4 ,%e 0 ent]$ at ! cu/om-h\se z 9 balla/1 & ! manife/ pres5t$ 0 con=mable ) t decl>ation1 %ip's provisions be+ ! only c>go set d[n4 ,h] cle>ance 0 !n appli$ =2 b on ! se>*] f ! cu/om-h\se visit+ ! vessel1 %e 0 f\nd to be cotton-lad52 :]eupon h] dep>ture 0 /opp$1 & judicial proce$+s 7 comm5c$1 ! delay hav+ expir$ t is all[$ by law = ! rectification ( ! manife/4 ,article #afb ( ! ,cu/oms ,regulations ( ! ,havanah /ates1 t 8aft] ! twelve h\rs all[$ by ,article #ae = ! rectification (1 or addition to1 ! manife/1 %all h expir$1 all goods t may h be5 omitt$ 9 x %all be seiz$2 &1 moreov]1 ! capta9 %all be f9$ to ! am\nt ( _! value1 provid$ always ! am\nt ( duty :i* w\ld h to be paid on ! cont5ts ( ! package or packages d n exce$ f\r hundr$ doll>s2 because if x exce$ t sum1 & if ! goods belong1 or are consign$ to1 ! own]1 capta91 or sup]c>go1 ! f9e %all n be impos$1 b1 in/ead ( x1 ! vessel1 toge!r ) its freights & ev]y?+ else available1 %all be seiz$40 ,?is is explicit en\gh2 & x is to be not$ t a copy ( ! cu/om-h\se regulations1 pr9t$ 9 ,engli%1 0 h&$ to ,capta9 ,bullock1 comm&+ ! ,black ,w>rior1 z soon z he ent]$ ! port4 ,by ord] ( ! au?orities ! c>go 0 l&$1 & f\nd to consi/ ( #ieg bales ( cotton4 ,! am\nt ( seizure & ( f9es incurr$ 0 v l>ge1 & ! ,m>quis ( ,pezuela1 capta9-g5]al ( ! ,havanah1 desir$ ! sup]ior bo>d ( adm9i/ration to consid] ! matt]1 ) a view to its r$uction4 ,t bo>d fully confirm$ ! legality ( ! /eps tak5 & f9es impos$1 b left x at ! discretion ( ! capta9-g5]al to r$uce ! latt] if he ?\ght prop]4 ,he consult$ ! attorney-g5]al ( ! isl&1 :o recomm5d$ _! r$uction to t5 ?\s& doll>s1 exclusive ( all exp5ses incurr$ 9 dis*>g+ ! c>go2 b g5]al ,pezuela f9ally decid$ to r$uce ! p5alty to six ?\s& doll>s1 includ+ all co/s & *>ges4 ,9 ! mean "t ! consignees _h made v>i\s applications to ! capta9-g5]al1 admitt+ _! fault1 decl>+ ! capta9's omission to h aris5 f ignorance1 plead+ ignorance on _! own "p also1 begg+ t ! vessel might be all[$ to dep>t ^u paym5t ( ! transit duties1 correspond+ to a %ip lad5 z %e 02 &1 f9ally1 :5 ! f9e ( six ?\s& doll>s 0 def9itely fix$ ^u1 entreat+ its fur!r r$uction4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ! capta9-g5]al1 :o _h (ficially ann\nc$ 8 decision1 refus$ to grant2 b he =w>d$ a petition f ! consignees to ! ,que5 ( ,spa91 9 :i* x 0 set =? t !re c\ld h be5 no fraudul5t int5tion--cotton n be+ an article ( consumption 9 ! isl& ( ,cuba--9 :i* ! heavy loss aris+ f ! det5tion1 dis*>ge1 & reload+ ( ! vessel 0 urg$1 & ! remission ( ! f9e crav$4 ,?is pray] 0 subsequ5tly grant$2 b be=e t 0 done ! dispute betwe5 ,spa9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h assum$ m5ac+ proportions4 ,?is /atem5t ( well-asc]ta9$ facts %[s ! ,cuban au?orities to h act$ /rictly )9 ! law ?r\gh\t ! :ole bus9ess1 & ) great clem5cy to ! p]sons :o _h transgress$ x4 ,if x suit$ ,am]ican vessels1 trad+ betwe5 ,mobile & ,new ,york1 to call at ! ,havanah to take 9 coals1 or = o!r objects1 !y 7 b\nd to comply 9 e respect ) ! laws & regulations ( ! colony1 & c\ld n expect to get (f scot-free if !y transgress$ !m4 ,b !re is a circum/ance to be tak5 into consid]ation :i* some:at modifies ?is view ( matt]s 9 ! case ( ! ,black ,w>rior4 ,x appe>s t1 ow+ to ! remissness1 indulg5ce1 or--x has be5 sugge/$1 b ,i h n se5 x prov$--! corruptness ( ! ,cuban au?orities1 ! ,black ,w>rior _h be5 9 ! habit ( ent]+ ! port ) a c>go1 exhibit+ a manife/ t /at$ h] to be 9 balla/1 & be+ ent]$ & cle>$ accord+ly1 & t %e _h actually made m ?an ?irty voyages 9 t mann] )\t let or imp$im5t4 ,x is sc>cely possible t ?is %\ld n h be5 kn[n to ! ,cuban cu/om-h\se1 & if s1 x mu/ be admitt$ t ! c\rse pursu$ on ! occasion ( ! voyage made 9 ,febru>y #ahed 01 al?\gh d\btless /rictly legal1 h>% & injudici\s4 ,! neglect to en=ce ! law on m ?an ?irty previ\s voyages might n suffice to abrogate x2 b x %\ld h induc$ ! ,cuban au?orities--?\gh x _h be5 b f consid]ations ( prud5ce--to re-en=ce x less sudd5ly4 ,x is easy to und]/& t ! new capta9-g5]al1 & "o or two o!r newly-appo9t$ & high function>ies1 :o _h gone out ) him to ! ,havanah only a few weeks be=e ! occurr5ce ( ! difficulty1 7 fir$ ) zeal = re=m2 & x is /at$ t1 dur+ ! fir/ few mon?s ( _! adm9i/ration1 ! rev5ue ( ! isl& increas$4 ,b !y %\ld h gone to "w m coolly & gradually4 ,9 consid]ation ( ! long impunity ! irregul>ities ( ! ,black ,w>rior _h enjoy$1 x w\ld surely h suffic$1 on ! #bh? ,febru>y1 to h w>n$ ! capta9 & consignees t su* c\ld be no long] p]mitt$1 & t1 on h] next voyage1 ! law w\ld be rigidly en=c$1 %\ld occasion be giv54 ,t[>ds a c\ntry ( equal or inf]ior p[]1 ?is w\ld h be5 ! faire/ & mo/ prop] c\rse to pursue2 b t[>ds s pot5t & aggressive a neighb\r z ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x 0 mo/ unwise to adopt any o!r4 ,b al?\gh num]\s misrepres5tations h be5 circulat$ on ! subject1 ?is fault ( judgm5t is ! only "o 9 ! affair ( ! ,black ,w>rior t c fairly be imput$ to ,g5]al ,pezuela & 8 subord9ates4 ,( c\rse1 ! bus9ess 0 a gods5d to ,presid5t ,pi]ce & ! annexation p>ty 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! =m] =?) s5t a /rong--,i might almo/ say a viol5t--message to ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 decl>+ ! seizure ( ! ,black ,w>rior to pres5t 8a cle> case ( wrong10 attribut+ habitual misconduct to ! au?orities ( ,cuba1 & /at+ t he _h already giv5 in/ructions = ! dem& ( an imm$iate indemnity2 9 ! ev5t ( ! refusal ( :i*1 he decl>$1 9 m5ac+ t]ms1 t he w\ld 8v9dicate ! hon\r ( ! ,am]ican flag40 ,n[ ,mr ,s\l appe>s aga9 ^u ! sc5e4 ,! dem&s address$ by him to ! ,spani% gov]nm5t 7 an indemnity ( #fj1jjj /]l+1 ! dismissal ( all ^? ,cuban au?orities t _h be5 conc]n$ 9 ! proce$+s aga9/ ! ,black ,w>rior 7?is w\ld ( c\rse include ,g5]al ,pezuela1 al?\gh 8 "n appe>s n to h be5 m5tion$ 9 ! note71 & f9ally t1 9 future1 ! gov]nor ( ,cuba %\ld h p[] to settle disputes ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates )\t ref]5ce to ! home gov]nm5t--an arrangem5t directly oppos$ to ! colonial policy ( ,spa94 ,z may be suppos$1 ! ,spani% m9i/ry demurr$ to su* exorbitant & unreasonable dem&s4 ,cald]on de la ,b>ca1 ! feeble & timid =eign m9i/] ( ! ,s>torius cab9et1 0 no mat* = ,mr ,s\l4 ,he ev5 suff]$ himself to be bulli$ by ! ,am]ican secret>y ( legation1 :o1 on convey+ to him a communication1 took out 8 wat* & /at$ ! exact "t he w\ld all[ him to answ] x4 ,& al?\gh ,s>torius came to ! aid ( 8 ag$ & incapable colleague1 he quickly disgu/$ ,mr ,s\l by 8 d\ble-deal+1 evasions1 & procra/9ation4 ,none ( ! communications t h pass$ dur+ ! discussion ( ! ,black ,w>rior affair h z yet be5 publi%$ 9 ,spa91 or1 t ,i am aw>e (1 9 ,am]ica4 ,all ! correspond5ce t pass$ 9 ,cuba is be=e u1 s t we are enabl$ to =m an op9ion on ! m]its ( ! case2 b !re our docum5t>y in=mation /ops4 ,:at is positively kn[n f o!r s\rces is1 t !re seem$ s little *ance ( ! affair be+ settl$ ) ,mr ,s\l1 t ! ,spani% gov]nm5t direct$ ,seor ,cueto to try to arrange x at ,wa%+ton1 & s5t aft] him1 soon aft] 8 dep>ture1 by ,seor ,galiano1 notes & in/ructions to aid him 9 ! task4 ,= a consid]able "t aft] t1 sc>cely any?+ 0 he>d ( ! matt]2 & !re is /rong reason to believe t ,mr ,s\l 0 himself left )\t communications f 8 gov]nm5t = a l5g? ( "t t annoy$ & p]haps surpris$ him4 ,?is naturally awak5s a d\bt :e!r 8 proce$+s h be5 altoge!r approv$ at headqu>t]s4 ,8 fri5ds "h ma9ta9 t !y h4 ,x is presumable t !y d]ive _! in=mation f himself4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,augu/ la/1 9 compliance ) ! desire ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 ,presid5t ,pi]ce s5t to x a message ) respect to ! /ate ( ,am]ican relations ) ,spa9 s9ce 8 =m] m5ac+ message ( ! #af? ,m>*4 ,all t he said t directly ref]r$ to ! ,black ,w>rior affair1 0 t ,spa91 in/ead ( grant+ prompt rep>ation1 _h ju/ifi$ ! conduct ( ! ,cuban au?orities1 & !reby assum$ ! responsibility ( _! acts4 ,! tone ( ! :ole message 0 ?reat5+ to ,spa91 & ! probability ( w> at no di/ant p]iod 0 pla9ly indicat$4 ,x nev]!less excit$ little appreh5sion "h1 :]e x 0 g5]ally consid]$ to be m]ely an unpr9cipl$ attempt1 on ! "p ( ,mr ,pi]ce1 to rega91 by an appeal to ! passions ( ! p1 ! popul>ity he _h lo/1 & at ! same "t to keep up al>m 9 ,cuba1 & to we> out ! en]gies ( ,spa91 9 hopes t at la/1 di%e>t5$ & intimidat$1 a ,spani% gov]nm5t w\ld be f\nd will+ to sell ! isl&4 ,x is d\btful1 h[ev]1 :e!r any ,spani% m9i/] w\ld d>e to ent]ta9 proposals = its pur*ase4 ,mr ,s\l has decl>$ himself1 9 8 place 9 ,congress1 decid$ly oppos$ to t mode ( acquir+ ,cuba1 on ! gr\nd t x mu/1 at no di/ant date1 fall into ! lap ( ! ,union )\t co/+ a doll>4 ,?is decl>ation is ne>ly tantam\nt to say+ t x is less exp5sive to take a ?+ by =ce ?an to buy x ) money1 & conveys pretty mu* ! s5tim5t = ! practical c>ry+ out ( :i* on a small scale1 m5 us$ to be hung1 & are n[ transport$4 ,mr ,s\l is unque/ionably a man ( tal5t--eloqu5t1 w>y1 skilful 9 adapt+ himself to ! p]sons ) :om he comes 9 contact--b he is defici5t 9 good ta/e1 z he has m ?an once %[n s9ce he came to ,madrid1 & 8 patriotism & philan?ropy1 ) respect to ! isl& ( ,cuba1 smack too /rongly ( piracy to obta9 mu* respect 9 ,europe1 h[ev] acceptable !y may prove1 & h[ev] l\dly !y may be applaud$1 9 a lodge ( ! 8,lone ,/>10 or at a ,new ,orleans public meet+4 ,b al?\gh 8,cuba )\t co/0 may be ! device inscrib$ on 8 bann]--a black "o1 x is to be presum$--:5 he came to ,spa9 z ! repres5tative ( 8 gov]nm5t1 he 0 b\nd to obey 8 in/ructions1 & ^!1 !re c sc>cely be a d\bt1 7 to (f] a l>ge sum ( money = ! mu*-covet$ isl&4 ,kn[+ :at we "k ( ! ,s>torius m9i/ry1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 believ+ t !y w\ld h _h no objection to effect a sale :i* !y assur$ly w\ld h made ! means ( fill+ _! own pockets4 ,b h[ev] incl9$ !y may h felt1 !y d>$ n d x4 ,= "s weeks ! ,black ,w>rior "q _h be5 comp>atively little spok5 ( 9 ,madrid1 & ! g5]al op9ion seem$ to be t x _h be5 amicably adju/$ at ,wa%+ton1 or 0 9 a fair way to be s1 :5 ! ,o',donnell insurrection & ! ,july revolution conc5trat$ ! public ?\ght on home politics4 ,?+s _h sc>cely begun to settle d[n1 :51 on ! #ba/ ,augu/1 ! arrival ( ! ,presid5t's message ( ! #a/ once m drew att5tion to ,cuba1 & to ! /ate ( affairs betwe5 ,spa9 & ,am]ica4 ,j a week lat]1 on ! #bh?1 occurr$ ! outbreak ,i h describ$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is lett]4 ,on t same day1 be=e ! revolt 0 suppress$1 x 0 said 9 ,madrid t ! ,am]ican m9i/] 0 conc]n$ 9 ! insurrection4 ,! next day1 :5 ?+s 7 quiet1 ! "p he 0 alleg$ to h play$ 0 matt] ( common conv]sation1 & !n ! newspap]s took up ! matt]4 ,! ,di>io ,espaol1 usually "o ( ! be/ writt5 & be/ in=m$ ( ! ,madrid j\rnals1 :i* supports ! pres5t gov]nm5t1 & is believ$ to be ! special organ ( ,g5]al ,o',donnell1 publi%$ on ! #cj? ,augu/ a v /rong article on ! subject4 ,x _h be5 /at$ ! day be=e ) tru? t ,mr ,s\l 0 ab\t to leave ,madrid = ,france1 & ! supposition _h be5 add$ t he did s 9 ord] to avoid be+ 9 ! ,spani% capital :5 news %\ld arrive ( a piratical invasion ( ,cuba by citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,tak+ ?is = a text1 ! ,di>io ,espaol indignantly ask$ if ,mr ,s\l fe>$ = 8 p]sonal safety1 & mi/ru/$ ! hon\r ( ,spani>ds4 ,he w\ld h no cause = su* appreh5sion1 ! pap] cont9u$1 8ev5 if he _h be5 want+ 9 ! respect due to ! nation1 & _h s\ght by e means to fav\r projects t5d+ to deprive ,spa9 ( h] mo/ preci\s colony3 ev5 if x 7 c]ta9 t he _h s\ght to pr(it by ! days ( degradation ( ! ,spani% gov]nm5t 7"u ,s>torius71 & to take advantage ( ! insatiable voracity ( high & l[ influ5ces3 ev5 if x 7 c]ta9 t he _h endeav\r$ to pr(ane ! sanctity ( ! revolution1 & to s[ discord among/ ! p1 s$uc+ ! unw>y1 engag+ 9 a vile intrigue1 giv+ money & promis+ arms to de/roy ! p[] ( ! hon\rable & patriotic m5 :o n[ direct ! de/9ies ( ,spa93 ev5 if he _h succe$$ 9 ga9+ ov] a few delud$ p]sons :o _h fail$ to disc]n1 ?r\gh ! cl\d ( 8 honey$ & flatt]+ words1 ! lat5t idea ( keep+ up agitation & disord] 9 ! ,p59sula1 & s ( depriv+ ,cuba ( ! succ\rs ! "m-c\ntry might o!rwise s5d ?i!r3 ev5 ?\gh ! p knew t he _h attempt$ to take advantage ( a mom5t ( eff]vesc5ce traitor\sly to excite its indignation1 & to hurry x to revolt40 ,?is 0 pretty pla9 speak+4 ,on ! same day t ! article appe>$1 ,mr ,s\l address$ an angry lett] to ! ,di>io ,espaol1 :i* did n publi% x4 ,! lett] aft]w>ds appe>$ 9 a ,fr5* fronti] newspap]4 ,! foll[+ is a translation ( its cont5ts1 z giv5 9 ! ,bayonne ,messag] ( ! #i? ,augu/3-- 8,,madrid1 #cj? ,augu/4 8,a ,monsieur le ,directeur du ,di>io ,espaol4 8,sir1--,! tone & "* ( ! article conc]n+ me publi%$ 9 y\r %eet ( ?is day1 too pla9ly prove ! influ5ces t h inspir$ x = me n to hon\r x by a ^w ( reply4 8,i leave ,madrid because x pleases me to leave x1 & because ,i h no acc\nt to r5d] to anybody1 ei!r ( my proce$+s or ( ! motives t det]m9e !m4 8,i w nev] abs5t myself f any place ?r\gh fe> ( be+ insult$ or put 9 p]il by ^? :om my pres5ce may displease4 8,i d n fe> imp]t95ce1 nor ev5 assass9s4 8,& especially1 ,sir1 ,i d n fe> ! p4 8,! p respects :at des]ves to be respect$2--x br&s only ! mis]able m5 :o flatt] & deceive x4444 ,x fights--b x does n assass9ate4 8,z to ! p]fidi\s ins9uations ( :i* y\r article is full1 !y are b5ea? my contempt4 8,i leave to y ! m]it ( ! v>ni% ) :i* y h cov]$ !m1 &1 to ^? :o dictat$ !m1 ! infamy ( _! inv5tion4 8,i am1 ,sir1 y\r ,s]vant1 8,,pi]re ,,s\l40 ,! *>ges br\ght by ! ,di>io ,espaol1 & to :i* ! above *>act]i/ic epi/le 0 ! reply1 7 endors$ to a great] or less ext5t by public op9ion 9 ,madrid4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,augu/1 ,mr ,s\l1 unable to att5d ! banquet giv5 by ! ,press1 _h address$ to ! committee ( managem5t a lett]1 9 :i* occurr$ ! foll[+ passage3 8,! he>t ( ,"y ,am]ica1 d\bt x n1 w palpitate ) joy & delight at ! brea? ( ! p]fum$ breeze t %all waft to x across ! ocean ! acclamations ( lib]at$ ,spa94 ,may ,i be p]mitt$ to say1 t m9e is intoxicat$ ) felicity by ! hope t ,europe1 apa!tic ?\gh x seem1 w n suff] ^? g]ms ( reg5]ation1 :i* ! sublime sacrifice ( "s ( h] sons has j s miracul\sly caus$ to spr\t1 to become debilitat$1 & to die40 ,x is *>itably suppos$1 by ^? :o cr$it ! ,am]ican m9i/]'s p>ticipation 9 ! ev5ts ( ! #bh? ,augu/1 t ! intoxication ref]r$ to 9 ?is fl[]y & figurative p>agraph _h n entirely pass$ away at t date1 & t ! writ] ( ! lett] to ! d9+ committee ?\ght x 8 duty1 z ! repres5tative ( ,"y ,am]ica1 to contribute 8 aid to t g]m9ation ( reg5]ation :i* apa!tic ,spa9 %[$ h]self t>dy 9 promot+4 ,at ! same "t1 !re c]ta9ly are n want+ evil-dispos$ p]sons1 :o affirm t ,mr ,s\l has s conc5trat$ 8 vision on 8 adopt$ c\ntry1 t he c sc>cely disc]n any o!r2 t he looks ) contempt ^u ! h]d ( slaves :o range ab\t ,europe1 & t to him x w\ld be matt] ( indiff]5ce to see ! ,old ,_w p]i%1 s t ! ,new ,_w prosp]$--&1 ) x1 8 ambition4 ,x has fur!r be5 said t1 nei!r prud5t nor scrupul\s 9 ! means he employ$1 he condesc5d$ assidu\sly to c\rt t ,d[ag] ,que5 ^: :ole life has be5 a contradiction to ! pr9ciples he pr(esses1 & to admit ! society ( a yet m illegitimate influ5ce at ! ,spani% c\rt4 ,x has be5 decl>$1 & believ$ by _m1 t ,mr ,s\l1 kn[+ t ! gov]nm5t ( ,esp>t]o & ,o',donnell 0 n "o t he c\ld ei!r intimidate or buy1 & behold+ 9 its "* an insurm\ntable ob/acle to ! atta9m5t ( ! great object ( 8 desires1 resolv$ to "w = its d[nfall by e means 9 8 p[]1 & t1 not)/&+ 8 f]v5t sympa?y ) ! welf>e & lib]ties ( ,spa91 he w\ld h pref]r$ ei!r an>*y or despotism to ! triumph ( a sy/em :i*1 :il/ ma9ta9+ ^? lib]ties1 r5d]$ m & m remote ! prospect ( realisation ( t *]i%$ project1 ^: accompli%m5t w\ld introduce a new /> 8into ! cele/ial vault ( ,"y ,am]ica10 & at ! same "t va/ly add to ! importance & popul>ity 9 ! ,/ates ( ! ,am]ican m9i/] at ,madrid4 ,all ^! ?+s h be5 said1 & h f\nd wide cr$5ce 9 ?is capital & else:]e4 ,en\gh1 h[ev]1 on ?is bran* ( ! subject4 ,! sum ( t5 million doll>s1 dem&$ by ,mr ,pi]ce to make head aga9/ ! possible cont+5cy ( a w> ) ,spa91 hav+ be5 refus$ him by ! ,am]ican ,s5ate1 ! probabilities ( su* a w> occurr+ are greatly dim9i%$1 & ! ,spani% gov]nm5t ent]ta9s little appreh5sion on t score4 ,^u ! o!r h&1 not)/&+ ,mr ,pi]ce's decl>ation 9 8 ,message ( ! #a/ ,augu/ t ! :ole ( ! means :i* ! con/itution all[s to ! executive p[] %\ld be employ$ to prev5t ! violation ( law1 treaties1 & int]national "r1 contemplat$ by c]ta9 citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :o1 z ! gov]nm5t 0 (ficially & positively in=m$1 7 fitt+ out an exp$ition = ! invasion ( ,cuba--not)/&+ ?is assurance1 ,i say1 !re appe> gr\nds = fe>+ t1 ow+ p]haps to ! weakness ( ! executive arm 9 ! ,/ates1 ! exp$ition 9 "q w yet sail = ! covet$ %ores ( ! ,pe>l ( ! ,antilles4 ,:e!r1 if attempt$1 x w meet ! fate ( t "u ,lopez1 or :e!r x w succe$1 n only 9 l&+1 b 9 hold+ its gr\nd until x c receive ^? re9=cem5ts :i* w\ld probably flock to x f ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 z soon z x became kn[n !re t x _h occupi$1 & 0 ma9ta9+1 a position1 is a matt] ( anxi\s unc]ta9ty4 ,! isl& is /rongly g>rison$1 b ,am]ican riflem5 are =midable oppon5ts4 ,! ,spani% gov]nm5t feels confid5t ( ! result1 & fully reckons on ! fidelity & val\r ( ! two or ?ree & tw5ty ?\s& good troops n[ 9 ,cuba4 ,:]e ! ,am]icans w be mo/ defici5t w d\btless be 9 cavalry & artill]y4 ,! ,spani>ds h a ?\s& dragoons1 sev]al batt]ies ( field-artill]y1 & num]\s l>ge ,paixhans guns g>ni%+ ! =ts & batt]ies ( ! isl&4 ,& al?\gh ,spani% cavalry1 judg+ f :at we see "h1 is g5]ally b indiff]5tly m\nt$1 x is abundantly able to cope ) irregul> infantry1 & inde$ w\ld prove mo/ =midable to ! invad]s1 if !y v5tur$ =? f ! %elt] ( =e/s & h$ges1 or f ! brok5 gr\nd fav\rable to %>p-%oot]s4 ,z to ! c\rage ( ! m51 :5 well l$1 !re is no d\bt ( t4 ,good lead+1 :i* !y h r>ely _h1 is all t ,spani>ds want to be z valiant troops z any 9 ,europe4 ,only ! o!r day1 at ,viclv>o1 ) ,g5]al ,g>rig & o!r brave & det]m9$ (fic]s at _! head1 regim5ts ( dragoons repeat$ly gallop$ up to ! v m\?s ( batt]ies1 :i* receiv$ !m1 at a few y>ds' di/ance1 ) volleys ( grape4 ,m5 :o w\ld d ?is1 w\ld h>dly fl9* f *>g+ irregul> riflem51 h[ev] accurate & deadly _! fire4 ,! ,spani% artill]y is consid]$ ! be/ arm 9 ! s]vice2 x is c]ta9ly ! "o ) :i* ! mo/ pa9s are tak51 & :i* possesses ! be/-in/ruct$ (fic]s4 ,! infantry n[ 9 ,cuba is ab\t tw5ty ?\s& /rong1 well discipl9$1 9 good condition1 & accu/om$ to ! climate4 ,7 ^! =ces1 infantry1 cavalry1 & artill]y1 conc5trat$ 9 ! field aga9/ ! ,am]ican pirates1 x is difficult to believe t ! latt] c\ld succe$ 9 gett+ toge!r1 or at lea/ 9 l&+1 a =ce capable ( resi/+ _! attack4 ,to speak positively on ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 x w\ld be necess>y to be some:at 9 ! confid5ce ( ! filibu/]os1 or at lea/ to "k m ?an is positively kn[n ( _! res\rces1 plans1 & places ( r5dezv\s4 ,b ev5 suppos+ t !y mu/] m ?an we1 9 our imp]fect in=mation1 ?9k probable1 x is to be borne 9 m9d t ! v be/ irregul> troops1 h[ev] =midable _! val\r & skill ) _! weapons may r5d] !m 9 small numb]s1 are f> less to be fe>$ :5 !y act 9 l>ge masses4 ,!n ! defici5cy 9 discipl9e & drill tells heavily aga9/ !m4 ,i am f> f und]rat+ ! indomitable pluck ( ! ,am]icans1 or _! coolness or /ead9ess :5 9 p]il1 & only desire to see ^? valuable qualities display$ 9 a bett] cause ?an ! "o to :i* we are assur$ !y are %ortly to be devot$4 ,b 9 an op5 pla91 or 9 ! attack ( a =tress1 & :5 oppos$ to regul> troops ( av]age brav]y1 some?+ m ?an pluck & coolness is requir$4 ,^u ! o!r h&1 x mu/ n be =gott51 :5 we seek to /rike ! balance ( *ances1 t ! g>rison ( ,cuba c\ld n be br\ght entire into ! field4 ,c]ta9 =ts1 & t[ns1 & positions mu/ be held1 & al?\gh x is probable t _m ( ^! w\ld be left to ! keep+ ( ! num]\s volunte]s t w\ld take up arms ! mom5t an invasion occurr$1 /ill portions ( ! g>rison mu/ be deta*$ f ! ma9 body4 ,an intellig5t ,spani>d1 :o has sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 ,cuba1 & b rec5tly return$ !nce1 gave x me z 8 op9ion t f t5 to twelve ?\s& m5 c\ld be employ$ z ! army ( op]ation4 ,he e/imat$ ! pres5t g>rison at r "u tw5ty ?\s& m5 effective = ! field1 :i* is some:at less ?an ! gov]nm5t e/imate4 ,! ,european ,spani>ds 9 ! isl& he believ$ to be ab\t fifty ?\s&1 a l>ge proportion ,basques & ,catalans1 & :o w\ld readily enrol !mselves z volunte]s 9 case ( p]il1 w\ld prove =midable antagoni/s1 & fight desp]ately = _! homes & prop]ty4 ,z to ! native ,cubans1 _m ( !m w\ld be likely to jo9 ! ,am]icans1 if ^! 7 /rong1 & ga9$ advantages at fir/ />t+2 b if ! invad]s 7 wor/$1 ! ,cubans w\ld fly to arms & vaunt _! fidelity to ,spa94 ,! negroes1 :o h no wi% to ex*ange ,spani% = ,am]ican ma/]s1 & :o are aw>e ( ! _m disadvantages "u :i* ev5 a free man ( col\r lab\rs 9 ! ,/ates1 w\ld all be ready to fight1 if arms 7 giv5 to !m4 ,! negro mode ( fight+1 z describ$ to me by p]sons :o are well acqua9t$ ) x1 is peculi> & dang]\s4 ,!y fire a volley1 receive ! enemy's fire1 ?r[ away _! muskets1 & ru% 9 ) cutlass or poni>d4 ,! long n>r[ %ape ( ! isl& ( ,cuba1 :i* be>s a /rong resemblance to a liz>d ) ! head look+ ea/w>d1 is fav\rable to its def5d]s1 s9ce x facilitates ! cutt+ (f ( ! invad+ =ce4 ,x w be a great advantage if ,g5]al ,con*a's arrival takes place previ\sly to any attack4 ,he is ! v man to comm& "u su* circum/ances4 ,quick ( eye & ready ( res\rce1 he w inspire ! troops ) confid5ce1 & raise ! c\rage ( ! ,cubans4 ,among/ ^! he has1 :at no capta9-g5]al ( ,cuba 9 our "t has _h1 a /rong p>ty--p]sons :o are atta*$ to him1 l 8 mode ( adm9i/ration1 pref] him to any o!r capta9-g5]al1 & w /& by him to ! utmo/ ) all ! influ5ce & p[] !y may possess4 ,?is is a pr9cipal reason :y he readily & gladly accept$ ! de/9ation t[>ds :i* he is n[ /eam+1--if inde$ he has n arriv$ !re1 s9ce 8 dep>ture f ,corunna took place upw>ds ( a =tnight ago4 ,! ,spani% gov]nm5t--& inde$ ,spani>ds g5]ally1 z f> z my means ( obs]vation ext5d--ent]ta9 a sangu9e belief t1 ) ! troops at 8 comm&1 & ) ! moral & physical support ( ! majority ( ! dwell]s on ! isl&1 ,con*a w s h&le ! intrud+ annexioni/s z to make !m he>tily rep5t _! unprovok$ & unju/ifiable aggression4 ,!re are o!r po9ts to be tak5 into consid]ation :5 we discuss ! probable issue ( ! anticipat$ conflict4 ,"o ( ^!1 on :i* su* conflict+ te/imony has be5 giv5 t x is sc>cely possible to =m a decid$ op9ion ) respect to x1 is ! am\nt ( support ! ,am]icans w\ld f9d 9 ! isl& itself4 ,! ,spani>ds1 z ,i h above intimat$1 ?9k x w\ld be unimportant4 ,ask a ,yankee annexioni/1 & he w tell y t ! :ole isl&1 ) ! exception ( ! ,european ,spani>ds resid5t 9 x1 p9es = release f ! intol]able yoke ( ,spa91 longs to hoi/ ! ,/ripes & ,/>s1 & to cl+ to ! pr\d neck ( ! ,am]ican eagle4 ,i h be5 told by ,am]icans ( ! numb]s ( lett]s receiv$ f inhabitants ( ,cuba1 expressive ( ^! s5tim5ts1 & implor+ sympa?y & assi/ance4 ,b x mu/ be obs]v$ t a few malcont5ts1 or ,am]ican settl]s 9 ! isl&1 w\ld suffice to circulate an imm5se numb] ( su* compla9ts & pray]s4 ,"o may imag9e1 = in/ance1 ! consignees ( ! ,black ,w>rior1 aft] indit+ _! submissive & p5it5t lett]s to ! gov]nor-g5]al1 & _! petition to ! ,que5 ( ,spa9 = ! remission ( ! f9e1 dipp+ _! %>pe/ iron p5 into ! ink-bottle1 & reliev+ _! afflict$ s\ls by ?r[+ (f scream+ despat*es to _! fri5ds 9 ,new ,york & ,new ,orleans1 inveigh+ aga9/ ! tyranny ( ,spani% rule1 & long+ = ! day :5 ,cuba %\ld jo9 ! ,union4 ,by ^? to :om su* lett]s 7 welcome1 !y w\ld naturally be made ! mo/ (2 !y w\ld be h&$ ab\t1 talk$ (1 & _! cont5ts v]bally repeat$1 until x w\ld seem z if a hundr$ lett]s _h arriv$ in/ead ( "o4 ,! ,spani>ds !mselves admit t a "p ( ! ,creole population w\ld be glad to see ! isl& deta*$ f ,spa94 ,to ^! ,i suppose we may safely add1 z p>tisans ( ,cuba's becom+ a ,/ate ( ! ,union1 all ! ,anglo-,am]icans resid5t 9 ! isl&4 ,beyond ?is1 ,i am 9 possession ( no tru/wor?y evid5ce2 & :5 ,i say t only a small portion ( ! ,creoles or native :ites are disaffect$ to ! ,spani% gov]nm5t1 ,i /ate x1 z y w obs]ve1 on ,spani% au?ority1 b1 at ! same "t1 on ! au?ority ( ,spani>ds long resid5t 9 ! isl&1 p>ticul>ly capable1 by _! position & intellig5ce1 ( =m+ a correct judgm5t1 & ! sole drawback to ! value ( ^: op9ion is ! admissible supposition t x may be biass$ by _! natural wi%es on ! subject4 ,suppos+ t1 9 ! autumn ( #ahed1 an ,am]ican exp$ition1 />t+ f ,florida1 or f "o ( ! small isl&s 9 ! ,bahama *annel1 made a desc5t ^u ,cuba1 7 entirely wor/$1 & cut (f or compell$ to re-emb>k4 ,h[ long a "t w\ld elapse be=e a ?ird exp$ition 7 got ready8 ,w\ld n ! int]val probably be %ort] ?an ! "o betwe5 ! ,lopez exp$ition & ! pres5t date8 ,! dogg$ t5acity ( a c]ta9 class ( ,am]icans1 :5 b5t ^u acquisition1 is well kn[n4 ,& is x n probable t ea* exp$ition w\ld exce$ ! prec$+ "o 9 /r5g?1 until "o w5t =? /rong en\gh to triumph8 ,! passage ( ! isl& f ! feeble h&s ( bankrupt decrepid ,spa9 into ! /rong ones ( ! "y & vigor\s ,union1 is a m]e "q ( "t1 unless o!r nations int]f]e4 ,are any prep>$ to d s8 ,engl& & ,france are ( c\rse ! only p[]s to :i* ,spa9 might look = aid to prev5t h] be+ robb$ ( h] la/ valuable colony4 ,& w\ld %e n look to !m 9 va91 at lea/ "u pres5t circum/ances8 ,i d n believe t ! ,spani>ds reckon on su* assi/ance4 ,! reflect+ portion ( ! nation--^? :o ?9k ^u ! subject at all--seem conv9c$ t ! isl& mu/ soon] or lat] pass f !m4 ,"s w\ld be dispos$ to sell x1 :il/ x /ill has value1 be=e ! ,am]icans feel s c]ta9 ( gett+ x by o!r means t !y w no long] feel dispos$ to disburse4 ,o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 are = hold+ x to ! la/1 burn+ ! la/ c>tridge be=e giv+ 91 &1 z a la/ desp]ate res\rce1 emancipat+ ! slaves4 ,! mo/ rational & pr(itable ( ! two c\rses w\ld d\btless be ! sale4 ,& yet1 ow+ to ! ignorance & national conceit ( a l>ge numb] ( ,spani>ds--:o believe t ! val\r ( ,spani% troops mu/ always suffice to gu>d ,cuba1 & :o h n suffici5t k ( ! pa/ & pres5t hi/ory ( ! _w to see t 9 ! c\rse ( nature !y mu/ lose x--x w\ld be difficult = any m9i/ry to brave ! /orm ( indignation t w\ld "h be rais$ by ! sale ( ! isl&4 ,x c\ld1 ( c\rse1 "u ! pres5t regime1 be done only ) ! sanction ( ! ,cortes2 & p]haps ! wise/ ?+ ! ,esp>t]o m9i/ry c\ld d w\ld be to br+ =w>d ! subject :5 t body meets 9 ,novemb]4 ,to give advice to ,spa9 is1 ,i am aw>e1 a delicate ?+ = =eign gov]nm5ts to d1 b ! m5 at pres5t at ! head ( affairs "h are n likely to mi/ake ! motive1 or to take (f5ce at a well-int5d$ c\nsel4 ,if ,engl& & ,france be q decid$ to take no /eps t[>ds ! pres]vation ( ,cuba to ,spa91 & if ! gov]nm5t ( ?is c\ntry be n already p]fectly aw>e ( t decision1 x w\ld be b "r to give x ! in=mation1 s t x might fairly & fully appreciate its position & *ances1 & n delude itself ) va9 hopes1 nev] to be realis$1 ( ultimate succ\r f p[]ful allies4 ,assur$ly no ,spani% gov]nm5t 0 ev] m 9 want ?an is ! pres5t "o ( ! pecuni>y supplies :i* ! sale ( ,cuba w\ld place at its disposal4 ,! /ate ( ! f9ances ( ! c\ntry is lam5table1 & m9i/]s are ! m to be piti$1 s9ce _! emb>rass$ position is ! consequ5ce ( no fault ( !irs1 b ( ! sc&al\s misrule & malv]sation ( sev]al prec$+ gov]nm5ts1 & especially ( t ( ,s>torius4 ,! ,spani% & ,engli% newspap]s h already suppli$ _m details on ?is head4 ,i w cont5t myself ) ?r[+ toge!r a few ( ! pr9cipal & mo/ /rik+ facts4 ,:5 ! pres5t gov]nm5t assum$ (fice1 x f\nd an empty treasury1 &1 ev5 worse ?an t1 ! res\rces on :i* x might h reckon$ = advances 7 already anticipat$4 ,!re 0 no money any:]e4 ,! ,s>torius-,dom5e*-,collantes m9i/ry _h made a clean sweep ( ev]y?+4 ,! =c$ loan decre$ on ! #ai? ,may1 & :i* 0 to be paid dur+ ! mon?s ( ,june & ,july1 _h n fl[$ 9 ) t gratify+ rapidity ann\nc$ by ! organs ( ! ,polaco cab9et2 b nev]!less ab\t f\r hundr$ & sev5ty ?\s& p\nds /]l+ _h be5 collect$1 out ( ne>ly two millions1 :i* x 0 e/imat$ t x %\ld yield4 ,( ! #dgj1jjj1 ab\t #adj1 or ?irte5 ?\s& reals1 rema9$ 9 ! treasury4 ,! confusion 9 ! public acc\nts r5d]$ necess>y ! appo9tm5t ( commission]s to inve/igate !m1 & to report ! real /ate ( ! f9ances4 ,! lab\rs ( ^! commission]s br\ght to light a :ole sy/em ( iniquity & ( d[nright robb]y4 ,! mo/ %ameful jobs _h be5 p]petrat$2 funds set ap>t = p>ticul> purposes1 & :i* c\ld n legally be o!rwise employ$1 _h be5 misappropriat$2 enorm\s am\nts _h be5 exp5d$ 9 secret-s]vice money1 ( :i* no acc\nt 0 to be f\nd2 ev]y?+ ! gov]nm5t _h to pay 0 9 arre>s1 & all !y _h to receive 0 9 advance4 ,! result ( ! exam9ation 0 to exhibit a balance aga9/ ! treasury am\nt+ to sev5 millions /]l+1 ( two & a half millions ( :i* ! paym5t 0 urg5t4 ,to meet ?is heavy defici5cy1 equal to half a ye>'s rev5ue1 ! new m9i/ry _h lit]ally no?+ b _! good int5tions & recognis$ hone/y--excell5t ?+s1 b n always conv]tible into specie4 ,! consequ5ces ( ! revolution add$ to _! emb>rassm5ts4 ,no?+ 0 to be obta9$ f ! prov9cial treasuries1 :i* 7 f\nd to be ne>ly all empty1 "s ( !m hav+ be5 dra9$ to ! la/ real by ! dep>t$ m9i/]s2 :il/ 9 o!r cases !re is reason to conclude t ! local juntas1 =m$ dur+ ! revolution1 _h sp5t ! money4 ,dur+ ! latt] half ( ,july1 e place _h its junta1 legislat+ z x ?\ght fit1 tak+ (f taxes1 admitt+ =eign goods free ( duty1 sapp+ ! f\ndations ( ! rev5ue4 ,! effects ( ?is on ! rev5ue = ! mon? ( ,july 0 a dim9ution ( a qu>t] ( a million /]l+1 or fully "o-fif?4 ,al?\gh1 e>ly 9 ,augu/1 ! juntas 7 prohibit$ f pass+ laws & alt]+ ! e/abli%$ sy/em ( ! c\ntry1 :il/ s9ce !n _m ( !m h altoge!r dissolv$ !mselves1 fe>s are ent]ta9$ t = "s mon?s ! rev5ue w cont9ue bel[ :at x is 9 ord9>y times4 ,! p]iod ( revolution 0 a jubilee = ! smuggl]4 ,at "s po9ts ( ! fronti] he 0 sudd5ly conv]t$ into a fair trad] by ! abolition1 decre$ by juntas1 ( all import duties4 ,b1 amid/ ! confusion consequ5t on ! revolution1 he n[h]e _h any difficulty 9 c>ry+ on 8 comm]ce4 ,f ,gibralt>1 f ,portugal1 f ,france1 =eign goods p\r$ 91 to ! exhau/ion ( ! smuggl+ depts 9 ^? ?ree c\ntries4 ,^? l>ge illicit importations mu/ = "s "t to come h a s]i\s effect on ! cu/om-h\se rev5ue4 ,x is pr$ict$ t ! fall+-(f 9 ! :ole rev5ue = ,augu/ w be ev5 great] ?an 9 t = ,july4 ,?is appe>s to me d\btful1 al?\gh ne>ly c]ta9 9 ! item ( cu/om duties2 & on ! o!r h&1 we may hope ! exp5diture w be less "u an hone/ & economical gov]nm5t--^: economy1 h[ev]1 has n1 9 e in/ance1 be5 z rigor\s z itself1 ,i fully believe1 e>ne/ly desir$4 ,! difficulties environ+ a gov]nm5t t is borne into p[] 9 ,spa9 on ! bill[s ( a revolution l t ( #ahed1 are n to be imag9$ by any :o h n witness$ !m4 ,to =m "s fa9t idea ( !m1 "o mu/ be acqua9t$ ) ! ramifications & ext5t ( ! empleomania--mania = place--:i* is ! great curse ( ,spa91 & :i*1 :5 "o beholds ! ext5t to :i* x is c>ri$1 makes him almo/ despair ( ! improvem5t ( ! nation4 ,x 7 reasonable to suppose t :5 ,esp>t]o & 8 colleagues took (fice1 "u z difficult circum/ances1 c]ta9ly1 z any set ( m5 t ev] accept$ x1 ev5 "h1 !y w\ld be all[$ to give _! :ole "t & undivid$ att5tion to ! necessities ( ! c\ntry1 to ! gett+ rid ( abuses1 to ! introduction ( prop] economics1 to ! adoption ( measures calculat$ to improve ! wret*$ f9ancial situation4 ,n s3 ! idea ( _! support]s evid5tly 0 t _! fir/ duty 0 ! portion+ out ( places1 n only to old fri5ds1 b to _m new ones--libraux du l5dema94 ,f ! day !y took (fice d[n to ! pres5t date1 m9i/]s h be5 besieg$1 pe/]$1 ov]:elm$1 by a /ream ( applicants eag] to live ^u ! budget4 ,esp>t]o1 f 8 popul>ity & influ5ce1 0 ! *ief victim ( ^! cormorants4 ,= a v long "t 8 ant]ooms 7 ?rong$ f e>ly morn+ till late at night1 by p]sons :o c\ld n g away1 :o w\ld see ! g5]al1 al?\gh p]haps ! reque/ !y _h to make _h no possible connection ) 8 dep>tm5t1 & %\ld h be5 address$ to "s o!r m9i/]1 to ! int5dant ( ! palace1 ! capta9-g5]al ( ! prov9ce1 or ! civil gov]nor ( ,madrid4 ,sometimes1 :5 !re 7 ?irty or =ty p]sons wait+ at ! door ( 8 cab9et1 all deaf to ! remon/rances ( we>y aides-de-camp1 he w\ld come out himself1 z if 9 despair at ev] obta9+ repose1 despat* !m all1 "o aft] ! o!r1 z quickly z might be1 & !n retreat ) 8 secret>y into 8 private room1 giv+ ord]s t nobody %\ld be admitt$1 to try to get two or ?ree h\rs' un9t]rupt$ "w be=e ! usual h\r = ! sitt+ ( ! c\ncil arriv$4 ,& !n ! ho/ ( lett]s--ne>ly all pray]s & petitions1 sett+ =? ! s]vices & suff]+s ( ! writ]s1 & _! /rong claims to place or patronage6 ,! supplicants 7 ( all k9ds & classes2 f ! colonel :o ?\ght 8 m]its w\ld n be ov]-rew>d$ by a brigadi]'s embroid]ies1 f ! aspirant to "s fat b]? ( _m ?\s& reals a ye>1 d[n to ! suitor = a port]'s place or a s]geant's /ripes1 & ev5 to individuals desir\s ( be+ appo9t$ quitaman*as1 grease-spot extractors 7fact7 to ! palace1 & :o c\ld ?9k ( no m fitt+ p]son to apply to ?an ! prime-m9i/]4 ,ah ?is gre$y mob pe/]$1 & /ill pe/]1 ! presid5t ( ! c\ncil1 & 9 a less degree ! o!r m9i/]s1 ) _! daily applications4 ,! crav+ aft] place is disgu/+ to behold1 & ext5ds1 ) a few hon\rable exceptions1 ?r\gh all classes4 ,z to patriotism 9 ,spa91 ,i h ! utmo/ difficulty1 aft] witness+ :at has foll[$ ^u ?is revolution1 9 cr$it+ its exi/5ce1 except 9 ! brea/s ( a small m9ority ( ! population4 ,patriotism "h appe>s to consi/ 9 turn+ out "o p>ty 9 ord] t ano!r may /ep into ! enjoym5t ( ! good ?+s x possess$4 ,x is truly sick5+ to he> ! selfi% cuckoo-song ( ! seek]s aft] places1 to he> !m vaunt _! pa/ s]vices1 & tell ( _! suff]+s = ! lib]al cause dur+ ! elev5 long ye>s t succe$$ #ahdc--suff]+s consi/+1 = ! mo/ "p1 :5 !y come to be inquir$ into1 simply 9 exclusion f ^? loaves & fi%es = a %>e ( :i* !y n[ hungrily plead4 ,) a c]ta9 & too-num]\s class ( ,spani>ds1 a man is a patriot & a m>tyr by ! m]e fact ( 8 draw+ no?+ f ! treasury4 ,!re 7 _m p]sons :o really _h done great s]vice to ! triumphant cause2 m5 :o _h risk$ _! lives1 lab\r$ h>d1 & be5 =w>d & mo/ useful 9 ! h\r ( dang]4 ,^! m51 on acc\nt bo? ( _! m]its & ( _! abilities1 _h n to solicit1 b 7 at once plac$ 9 high & responsible situations4 ,= ea* "o appo9t$1 h[ _m malcont5ts 7 made6 ,( ^! malcont5ts "s mu/ be conciliat$2 o!rs _h claims :i* des]v$ att5tion1 & :i* !y _h n suffici5t self-d5ial & love = _! c\ntry altoge!r to )draw4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 h[ 0 x possible = ! gov]nm5t to economise z x %\ld & might h done8 ,! pressure br\ght to be> ^u x1 ! influ5ces ex]t$1 7 m ?an x c\ld resi/1 & _m a place 0 giv5 t ought to h be5 suppress$ 9 ! int]e/ ( ,spa9's exhau/$ treasury4 ,x gives small hope = ! future ( a c\ntry :5 "o sees ev5 ! be/ ( h] sons do+ no?+ )\t hope ( rew>d1 no?+ = ! pure & dis9t]e/$ love ( _! native l&4 ,& to ?is rule1 9 ,spa91 ,i fe> !re are b few exceptions4 ,a c>eful inve/igation & calm review ( ! pres5t /ate ( ! f9ances ( ,spa91 leave ^u ! m9d a /rong d\bt z to :e!r a national bankruptcy c possibly be avoid$4 ,i h expos$ ! mis]y ( ! treasury1 z left by ! m9i/ry ( ,s>torius--sev5 millions /]l+ defici5cy1 & n z _m p5ce 9 ! c(f]s ( ! ,/ate = ! press+ necessities ( ! new gov]nm5t4 ,) "s difficulty1 & by ! aid ( ! signature ( ! ,san ,f]n&o ,bank1 ! f9ance m9i/] has obta9$ ab\t fifty ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 secur$ on colonial rev5ues4 ,( c\rse1 a v %ort "t w see ! la/ ( t small sum2 & :at is !n to be done1 9 pres5ce ( a rev5ue :i* x is expect$1 ) good %[ ( reason1 w1 = "s "t to come1 be bel[ an av]age8 ,economise1 x may be said2 b economy is n to be effect$1 on an important scale1 at a few days' notice4 ,x is probably 9 ! army t re=m & r$uction1 if made1 w\ld mo/ rapidly be felt4 ,x is said to be ! int5tion ( ! m9i/] ( w> greatly to r$uce x2 & no opportunity c be bett] ?an ! pres5t1 = :5 all ! m5 :o1 9 virtue ( ! boon ( two ye>s' remission ( s]vice lately grant$ to ! :ole army1 h complet$ _! "t1 %all h receiv$ _! dis*>ge1 ! milit>y =ces ( ,spa9 w probably be small] ?an !y ev] h be5 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! ,c>li/ w>4 ,! exp5se ( ! ,spani% army is ab\t ?ree millions /]l+--an enorm\s bur!n on ! scanty rev5ue4 ,!re are o!r bur!ns m difficult to dim9i%4 ,! sy/em pursu$ 9 ?is c\ntry ( turn+ out numb]s ( public (fic]s & employs :5 a new gov]nm5t comes 91 to make room = its fri5ds & support]s1 has load$ ,spa9 ) p5sions1 half-pay1 & retir$ all[ances4 ,^! am\nt to a million & a half /]l+4 ,h[ is ?is load to be light5$8 ,b v gradually1 x is evid5t2--by fill+ up vacant places ) p5sion$ m51 ^: p5sions !reupon cease4 ,to aboli% all ^? p5sions n due to long s]vice or ill-heal? w\ld be to condemn ?\s&s ( families to />vation1 & to raise a /orm t no gov]nm5t c\ld )/&4 ,su* a sweep+ measure w\ld n be j1 nor is x practicable4 ,a re=m ( ! t>iff is an obvi\s & mo/ effectual means ( improv+ ! f9ancial position4 ,let ! gov]nm5t r$uce ! duties on =eign manufactur$ cottons to tw5ty p] c5t ad valorem4 ,! importations 7*iefly contrab&7 ( t class ( m]*&ise at pres5t am\nts1 z ,i am in=m$1 to ab\t ?ree millions /]l+4 ,a tw5ty-p]-c5t duty w\ld demoli% ! smuggl]1 & yield ! rev5ue six hundr$ ?\s& p\nds a ye>4 ,w\ld x n !n be possible = ,spa9 to get a small loan on reasonable t]ms1 ! c\pons be+ accept$1 z soon z due1 9 paym5t ( cu/om-h\se duties1 & an arrangem5t1 or ! promise ( an e>ly "o1 be+ at ! same "t made ) respect to ! am\nt ( c\pons :i* ,bravo ,murillo laid ^u ! %elf8 ,x is1 h[ev]1 unnecess>y to answ] ?is "q until we h r$uc$ ! duty4 ,"h1 aga91 great difficulties pres5t !mselves1 & jeal\s int]e/s b> ! way4 ,catalonia & ! smuggl]s w\ld be 9 arms ! v mom5t su* a measure 0 promulgat$4 ,catalonia1 :i* produces 7,i speak f exp]i5ce ( its goods7 wret*$ w>es at exorbitant prices1 has long be5 ! great imp$im5t to ,spa9's prosp]ity1 or at lea/ improvem5t4 ,t "o prov9ce pret5ds to make ! :ole c\ntry buy its inf]ior m]*&ise 9 pref]5ce to t ( ,engl& & ,france2 & ?is pret5sion x en=ces1 to ! great pr(it & cont5tm5t ( ! contrab& trad]4 ,"t & a /rong gov]nm5t are ne$$ to br+ ab\t t r$uction ( duties on =eign manufactures :i* w\ld prove s great a b5efit to ,spa91 & to its rev5ue4 ,& at pres5t1 "t is want+4 ,some?+ mu/ be done quickly4 ,z ?+s n[ /&1 x is h>d to tell :5ce is to come ! money = ! next divid5d on ! home & =eign debt4 ,at ?is date b a small portion ( ! la/ divid5d due on ! home debt has be5 paid4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t mu* w dep5d on ! composition ( ! con/itu5t ,cortes4 ,if ! c\ntry elects repres5tatives :o w support ! pres5t gov]nm5t1 & s give confid5ce 9 its duration & /r5g?1 x is ?\ght t capitali/s w p]haps be f\nd to come to its aid4 ,b if ! good s5se ( ,spani% electors prove unequal to ! em]g5cy--if !y return a ,*amb] compos$ ( a mixture ( demagogues & ( p>tisans ( reaction1 & n conta9+ a good work+ majority 9 fav\r ( ! policy ( mod]ate progress1 :i* is t ( ! ,esp>t]o-,o',donnell cab9et--!re is no?+ b fre% tr\ble 9 /ore = ,spa91 & ! "q ( f9ance w !n appe> almo/ hopeless4 ,:il/ contemplat+ ! gloomy1 or at lea/ unc]ta91 prospects ( ! ,spani% treasury1 ,i am =cibly rem9d$ ( ,cuba & ( ,am]ican proposals = its pur*ase4 ,i h n he>d a /atem5t ( ! exact am\nt ! ,/ates are dispos$ to give2 b ,i h be5 assur$1 on no mean au?ority1 t x w\ld suffice to pay (f ! :ole ( ! debt1 home & =eign1 & t a h&some surplus w\ld /ill rema9 = roads & railways4 ,besides ^! advantages1 ,cuba1 once sold1 ,spa9 might safely r$uce h] fleet & army1 = %e w\ld !n h no reason to appreh5d w> ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z %e at pres5t has none to anticipate aggression or int]f]5ce on ! "p ( any ,european p[]4 ,reliev$ ( h] heavie/ bur!ns1 & bless$ ) an hone/ gov]nm5t 7if inde$ x be possible t su* endure 9 a c\ntry ^u :i* ! curse ( misgov]nm5t seems to re/71 ,spa9 might soon & easily =get ! loss ( t *]i%$ colony1 ^: ret5tion1 "u pres5t circum/ances1 is m a "q ( pride ?an ( pr(it1 & to ^: loss )\t comp5sation1 %e mu/1 ,i fe>1 by ! =ce ( ev5ts1 be prep>$ soon] or lat] to submit4 ,,v$ette4 ,pr9t$ by ,william ,blackwood ,sons1 ,ed9burgh4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,( ! ,plurality ( ,worlds2 an ,essay4 ,also a ,dialogue on ! same subject4 ,second ,edition4 ,p>k] & ,son1 #ahed4 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 ! ,cre$ ( ! ,philosoph]1 & ! ,hope ( ! ,*ri/ian1 ,by ,sir ,,david ,,brew/]1 ,k4,h41 ,d4,c4,l4 ,murray1 #ahed4 ,! ,planets3 ,are !y ,inhabit$ ,worlds8 ,museum ( ,sci5ce & ,art4 ,by ,,dionysius ,,l>dn]1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,*apt]s i41 ii41 iii41 iv4 ,walton & ,mab]ly1 #ahed4 ,footnote #b3 ,works1 vol4 xi4 p4 #aih 7,bi%op ,heb]'s edition74 ,! foll[+ is ! entire s5t5ce ( :i* ! above is ! comm5c+ section3 8,:atev] we talk1 ?+s are z !y are--n z we grant1 dispute1 or hope2 dep5d+ on nei!r our affirmative nor negative1 b ^u ! rate & value :i* ,god sets ^u ?+s40 ,footnote #c3 ,dialogue1 p4 #cg4 ,footnote #d3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #ei4 ,footnote #e3 ,dialogue1 pp4 #e1 #f4 ,footnote #f3 ,daily ,news4 ,footnote #g3 ,essay1 p4 #abj4 ,footnote #h3 ,ante1 p4 #cjj1 ,no4 cccclxvii4 ,footnote #i3 ,essay1 p4 #bjb4 ,footnote #aj3 ,ibid41 pp4 #acd-acf4 ,footnote #aa3 ,ibid41 p4 #acg4 ,footnote #ab3 ,"o or two ( ^! 8,disc\rses10 all ( :i* 7 deliv]$ 9 ! ,tron ,*ur*1 ,glasg[1 at noon on ! week day1 7 he>d by ! writ] ( ?is pap]1 !n a boy4 ,he _h to wait ne>ly f\r h\rs be=e he c\ld ga9 admission z "o ( a cr[d1 9 :i* he 0 ne>ly cru%$ to dea?4 ,x 0 ) no little ef=t t ! great prea*] c\ld f9d 8 way to 8 pulpit4 ,z soon z 8 f]vid eloqu5ce began to /ream f x1 ! int5se en?usiasm ( ! auditory became almo/ irre/ra9able2 & 9 t en?usiasm ! writ]1 "y z he 01 fully p>ticipat$4 ,he has nev] s9ce witness$ any?+ equal to ! sc5e4 ,footnote #ac3 ,essay1 pp4 #aic1 #aid4 ,footnote #ad3 ,9 ! 8,dialogue10 ,dr ,:ewell /ates t x 0 n till aft] ! publication ( 8 8,essay0 t he became acqua9t$ ) ! fact ( ! co9cid5ce ( 8 views1 on ! subject ( ,geology1 ) ^? ( ,mr ,hugh ,mill]1 9 8 8,fir/ ,impressions ( ,engl&10 ) ref]5ce to a/ronomical objections to ,revelation4 ,footnote #ae3 ,ibid41 *ap4 vii41 #a1 p4 #bjf4 ,footnote #af3 ,ibid41 *ap4 vi41 #bg1 p4 #aij4 ,footnote #ag3 ,essay1 pp4 #aia1 #aib4 ,footnote #ah3 ,ibid41 p4 #adh4 ,footnote #ai3 ,ibid41 pp4 #aea1 #aeb4 ,footnote #bj3 ,ibid41 p4 #aed4 ,footnote #ba3 ,ibid41 p4 #aff4 ,footnote #bb3 ,ibid41 p4 #aee4 ,footnote #bc3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #eb4 ,footnote #bd3 ,essay1 p4 #ahh4 ,footnote #be3 ,essay1 pp4 #aih-aii4 ,footnote #bf3 ,ibid41 p4 #bjc4 ,footnote #bg3 ,ante1 p4 #bhi4 ,footnote #bh3 ,essay1 p4 #aid4 ,footnote #bi3 ,essay1 p4 #aie4 ,footnote #cj3 ,ibid41 p4 #aif4 ,footnote #ca3 ,ev5 ( monkeys1 !re h be5 f\nd fossil rema9s4 ,footnote #cb3 ,essay1 p4 #aig4 ,footnote #cc3 ,essay1 p4 #aih4 ,footnote #cd3 ,ibid41 pp4 #aii1 #bjj4 ,footnote #ce3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #bcg1 7we quote f ! fir/ edition74 ,footnote #cf3 ,ibid41 p4 #bcj4 ,footnote #cg3 ,ibid41 p4 #bdj4 ,footnote #ch3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #bjb4 ,footnote #ci3 ,ibid41 p4 #aii4 ,footnote #dj3 ,9 fact1 9 a note to page #bdg1 ,sir ,david ?us slily alludes to ^? 8conjectures0 ( ,dr ,:ewell 9 8 ,bridgewat] ,treatise1 to :i* we h ref]r$ 7ante1 pp4 #bij1 #bia73--8;,a v diff]5t op9ion is /at$ by ,dr ,:ewell1 9 8 ,bridgewat] ,treatise20 add+1 aft] cit+ ! passages1 8! re/ ( ! *apt]1 #8,on ! va/ness ( ! ,univ]se1' is well wor?y ( ! p]usal ( ! read]1 & =ms a /rik+ contra/ ) ! op9ions ( ! ,essayi/40--,?is is p]fectly fair4 ,footnote #da3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #ih4 ,footnote #db3 ,ibid41 p4 #ajh4 ,footnote #dc3 ,ibid41 p4 #aff4 ,footnote #dd3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 pp4 #ahj1 #ahc4 ,footnote #de3 ,ibid41 p4 #ahe4 ,footnote #df3 ,essay1 *4 vii4 sec4 #ag1 p4 #bba4 ,footnote #dg3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #bdh4 ,footnote #dh3 ,essay1 *ap4 x4 sec4 #aj1 pp4 #cjh1 #cji2 *ap4 xii4 sec4 #a1 p4 #cei4 ,footnote #di3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 pp4 #agh1 #agi4 ,footnote #ej3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #ah4 ,footnote #ea3 ,dialogue1 pp4 #fb-fd4 ,footnote #eb3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #aca4 ,footnote #ec3 ,ibid4 ,footnote #ed3 ,ibid41 p4 #ach4 ,footnote #ee3 ,ibid41 p4 #aci4 ,footnote #ef3 ,ibid41 p4 #adj4 ,footnote #eg3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 pp4 #ada-adb4 ,footnote #eh3 ,ibid41 p4 #aea4 ,footnote #ei3 ,ibid41 p4 #aeb4 ,footnote #fj3 ,ibid41 p4 #aec4 ,footnote #fa3 ,ibid41 pp4 #dd-dg4 ,footnote #fb3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #dg4 ,footnote #fc3 ,azoic signifies ^? prim>y rocks :i* conta9 no traces ( organic life1 no rema9s ( plants or animals4 ,footnote #fd3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #eb4 ,footnote #fe3 ,ibid41 p4 #bjf4 ,footnote #ff3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 pp4 #bjf1 #bjg4 ,footnote #fg3 ,a ?irtie? planetoid 0 discov]$ by ,mr ,h9d s9ce ! publication ( ! second edition ( ! ,essay4 ,footnote #fh3 ,,l>dn]1 ,museum ( ,sci5ce & ,art1 vol4 i4 p4 #aef4 ,footnote #fi3 ,dial41 p4 #fj4 ,footnote #gj3 ,ibid41 p4 #bh4 ,footnote #ga3 ,museum1 c41 vol4 i4 p4 #fd4 ,footnote #gb3 ,p4 #bga4 ,h] di/ance f u is #bdj1jjj miles2 & our ,essayi/1 by ! way1 tells u 7*ap4 x4 #g7 t 8a railroad-c>riage1 at its ord9>y rate ( travell+1 w\ld rea* h] 9 a mon?40 ,we %\ld n l to travel by ! ,lun> ,express1 b %\ld pref] ! p>liam5t>y tra91 & hope1 />t+ f ! ,hanwell /ation1 to get to ! t]m9us 9 a c\ple ( ye>s or s4 ,good ,bi%op ,wilk9s int5d$ to be tak5 up by birds ( flight tra9$ = ! purpose4 ,:5 ! ,du*ess ( ,newca/le ask$ him :]e he int5d$ to bait by ! way1 he answ]$1 8,y\r ,grace is ! la/ p]son to ask me ! "q1 hav+ built s _m ca/les 9 ! air60 ,footnote #gc3 ,essay1 p4 #bgb4 ,footnote #gd3 ,pp4 #hj1 #ha4 ,footnote #ge3 ,museum1 c41 vol4 iii4 p4 #dh4 ,footnote #gf3 ,p4 #ajh4 ,footnote #gg3 ,p4 #bd4 ,footnote #gh3 ,museum1 c41 vol4 iii4 p4 #aji4 ,footnote #gi3 ,p4 #aab4 ,footnote #hj3 ,ibid41 vol4 i4 p4 #fc4 ,footnote #ha3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 pp4 #ig1 #aja4 ,footnote #hb3 ,pp4 #ii1 #ajj4 ,footnote #hc3 ,essay1 p4 #bgh4 ,footnote #hd3 ,essay1 p4 #bha1 #bhi4 ,footnote #he3 ,brew/]1 p4 #fj4 ,footnote #hf3 ,to desc5d1 = a mom5t1 to details4 ,sir ,david ,brew/] w n all[ himself to be driv5 to elect betwe5 ! icy or wat]y con/itu5cy ( ,jupit]4 ,he decl>es direct exp]im5t to h prov$ t x is nei!r2 t if ,jupit] 7 a sph]e ( wat]1 ! light reflect$ f 8 surface1 :5 9 8 quadratures1 mu/ conta91 z x does n1 a l>ge portion ( pol>is$ light2 & if 8 cru/ consi/ ( m\nta9s1 precipices1 & rocks ( ice1 "s ( ^: faces mu/ occasionally reflect ! incid5t light at ne>ly ! pol>is+ angle1 ! pol>isation ( _! light w\ld be di/9ctly indicat$4 ,! ,essayi/1 9 8 ,dialogue1 8d\bts :e!r ! rem>k is applicable2 = ,jupit]'s wat]y or icy mass mu/ be clo!d 9 a ?ick /ratum ( air1 & aque\s vap\r1 & cl\ds4 ,b ev5 7 ! planet free f cl\ds1 ! p>ts ( ! planet's surface f :i* pol>is$ light w\ld be reflect$1 w\ld be only z po9ts comp>$ ) ! :ole surface2 & ! common light reflect$ f ! :ole surface w\ld q ov]:elm & oblit]ate ! pol>is$ light40--,dial4 p4 #fd4 ,we cite ?is z a sample ( ! +5uity ( bo? disputants1 9 a po9t ( sci5tific contact4 ,:e!r ,sir ,david's conjectural pol>is$ light be or be n ?us oblit]at$1 9 our view ! item 9 dispute is q lo/ 9 ! g5]al "q1 & ! great pr9ciples on :i* its solution dep5ds4 ,if driv5 to elect betwe5 ice & wat]1 asks ,sir ,david playfully1 8may we n1 ^u good gr\nds1 pref] ! probable ice to ! possible wat]1 & accommodate ! inhabitants ( ,jupit] ) v com=table qu>t]s1 9 huts ( sn[ & h\ses ( cry/al1 w>m$ by subt]ranean heat1 & light$ ) ! hydrog5 ( its wat]s1 & its c9d]s n :olly depriv$ ( _! bitum580--,pp4 #bcf1 #bcg4 ,! answ] ( 8 oppon5t w\ld be obvi\s4 ,footnote #hg3 ,brew/]1 p4 #fa4 ,footnote #hh3 ,ibid41 p4 #fb4 ,footnote #hi3 ,ibid41 pp4 #fe1 #ff4 ,footnote #ij3 ,ibid41 pp4 #fh1 #fi4 ,footnote #ia3 ,dial41 p4 #f4 ,footnote #ib3 ,ibid41 p4 #bc4 ,footnote #ic3 ,dial41 p4 #gf4 ,footnote #id3 ,museum1 c41 vol4 i4 p4 #ce4 ,footnote #ie3 ,dial41 p4 #bc4 ,footnote #if3 ,"l ,byron--,hebrew ,melodies4 8,! philosoph] w scan10 says ,sir ,david1 at ! close ( 8 eloqu5t ,treatise1 8) a new s5se1 ! l(ty sph]es 9 :i* he is to /udy40--,p4 #bei4 ,footnote #ig3 ,pp4 #afd1 #afe4 ,footnote #ih3 ,isaiah1 xlv4 #i4 ,footnote #ii3 ,isaiah1 lv4 #h1 #i4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,essay1 p4 #bdd4 ,footnote #aja3 ,pp4 vii4-viii4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,essay1 pp4 #bdc1 #bdd4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,see !m specifi$1 p4 #bea4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,cosmos1 iii4 #cgc4 ,footnote #aje3 ,*4 viii41 passim4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,dial41 pp4 #bj-bc4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 ,*4 vi41 passim4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 ,*4 viii41 passim4 ,footnote #aji3 ,ibid41 p4 #afd4 ,footnote #aaj3 ,ibid41 p4 #aai4 ,footnote #aaa3 ,essay1 p4 #beg4 ,footnote #aab3 ,lect4 on ,a/ron41 #b;d edit4 7#ahdi47 ,footnote #aac3 ,pp4 ix4 x4 ,footnote #aad3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #agf4 ,footnote #aae3 ,essay1 p4 #baa4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,essay1 pp4 #bce-bcf4 ,footnote #aag3 ,dial41 p4 #ah4 ,footnote #aah3 ,essay1 p4 #bad4 ,footnote #aai3 ,ibid41 p4 #baf4 ,footnote #abj3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #bae4 ,footnote #aba3 ,essay1 p4 #bih4 ,footnote #abb3 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 p4 #cae1 & note4 ,footnote #abc3 ,ibid41 p4 #cae4 ,footnote #abd3 ,romans1 i4 #bb4 ,footnote #abe3 ,mat!w1 vii4 #bf4 ,footnote #abf3 ,dialogue1 p4 #gd4 ,footnote #abg3 ,isaiah1 lxiv4 #d2 #a ,cor41 ii4 #i4 ,footnote #abh3 ,john1 xiv4 #b1 #bc4 ,footnote #abi3 ,dialogue1 p4 #db4 ,footnote #acj3 ,wisdom ( ,god 9 ! ,worlds ( ,creation1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bfe4 ,footnote #aca3 ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 ,a4,d4 #agih--;art4 8,walpoliana40 ,footnote #acb3 ,mat!w1 vii4 #bd4 ,footnote #acc3 ,?is mu/ evid5tly mean ,l\fti ,pa%a1 :o 0 gr& vizi] f ,a4,d4 #aeci to #aeda4 ,footnote #acd3 ,?is passage may be admitt$ z a pro( t ! tribute ( *ildr5 0 n regul>ly exact$ f ! population ( ! capital4 ,! difficulty ,mohamm$ ! ,second f\nd 9 repeopl+ ,con/ant9ople expla9s ! exemption4 ,footnote #ace3 ,glasg[ ,records1 ii4 #cda4 ,footnote #acf3 ,ibid41 p4 #cdc4 ,footnote #acg3 ,ibid41 p4 #dbb4 ,footnote #ach3 8,gladios1 pugiones sicas ma*ras rhomphz ac9aces fu/es1 prs]tim si prf]rati vel plumbati s9t1 v]uta missilia tela sclopos torm5ta bomb>das bali/as ac arma ulla bellica nemo discipulus ge/ato40--,fa/i ,ab]doni5ses1 #bdb4 ,! ,glasg[ li/ is less =midable3 8,nemo gladium pugionem torm5ta bellica aut aliud quodvis armorum et telorum g5us ge/et2 s$ apud prfectum omnia deponat40--,in/ituta1 #di4 ,footnote #aci3 ,in/ituta ,univ4 ,glasg41 p4 #eai1 #ebj4 ,footnote #adj3 ,fa/i ,univ4 ,glasg41 p4 #edh4 ,footnote #ada3 ,hi/4 ,univ4 ,p>is1 iv4 #bff4 ,footnote #adb3 ,fa/i1 p4 #djj4 ,footnote #adc3 ,ibid41 p4 #djj4 ,footnote #add3 ,!re 0 an attempt to en=ce returns ^u religi\s & educational /ati/ics1 b1 9 ! words ( ! ,report1 8,x 01 h[ev]1 consid]$ d\btful :e!r1 ^u a rigid con/ruction1 ! ,c5sus ,act r5d]$ x compulsory ^u p>ties to af=d in=mation ^u ^! p>ticul>s2 & ! inquiry 01 !re=e1 pursu$ z a purely volunt>y inve/igation40--,report1 ,no4 #a4 ,footnote #ade3 8,! weight ( ! s*$ules1 blank enum]ation-books1 & o!r =ms despat*$ f ! ,c5tral ,(fice1 exce$$ fifty-two tons40--,report1 ,no4 #a4 ,footnote #adf3 ,,lay>d4 ,alex&] ! ,great1 aft] he _h transf]r$ 8 seat ( empire to ! ,ea/1 s fully appreciat$ ! importance ( ^? great works t he ord]$ !m to be cleans$ & repair$1 & sup]9t5d$ ! "w 9 p]son1 /e]+ 8 boat ) 8 own h& ?r\gh ! *annels4 ,simil> op]ations und]tak5 n[ w\ld aga9 re/ore to ,mesopotamia its old f]tility1 & fit ,babylon1 n only = rega9+ h] place z ! emporium ( ! ,ea/]n _w1 b = becom+ ! great entrepot ( comm]ce betwe5 ! ,we/ & ,ea/1 :i* w ere long1 9 consequ5ce ( ! introduction ( railways1 aga9 fl[ into its old ov]l& r\te by ,palmyra1 ?r\gh ! des]ts1 f ! ,levant to ! head ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,footnote #adg3 ,ctesias & o!r writ]s speak ( ! ,bactrian & ,indian exp$ition ( ,n9us & ,semiramis2 & 9 connection ) ?is x is important to notice1 t ^u ! obelisk discov]$ at ,nimr\d--:i* belongs to ! p]iod ( ! e>lie/ palace1 hav+ be5 erect$ by ! son ( ! f\nd] ( t build+--are repres5t$ ! ,bactrian camel1 ! elephant1 & ! rh9oc]os--7all animals f ,india & ,c5tral ,asia7--br\ght z tribute by a conqu]$ p to ! ,assyrian k+4 ,footnote #adh3 ,! ,hon4 ,james ,?omason1 late ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor ( ! ,nor?-,we/ ,prov9ces1 :o l+]$ too long 9 ,india1 *iefly 9 ! hope to h be5 pres5t on ! occasion above commemorat$4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,typos fix$2 non-/&>d spell+ & dialect reta9$4 ,us$ numb]s = footnotes1 plac+ !m all at ! end ( ! la/ *apt]4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4 ,! c>et 77 s]ves z a sup]script indicator1 applicable to individual *>act]s 7l #b;d7 & ev5 entire phrases 7l #a/74