,illustration3 ,,the ,,right ,,rev4 ,,john ,,horden1 ,,bishop ,,of ,,moosonee ,,forty-,,two ,,years ,,amongst ,,the ,,indians ,,and ,,eskimo ,,pictures ,,from ,,the ,,life ,,of ,,the ,,right ,,reverend ,,john ,,horden ,,first ,,bishop ,,of ,,moosonee ,,by ,,beatrice ,,batty ,,london ,,the ,,religious ,,tract ,,society #ef ,,paternoster ,,row ,,and #fe ,,st ,,paul',s ,,churchyard #ahic ,,printed ,,by ,,spottiswoode ,,and ,,co41 ,,new-,,street ,,square ,,london ,,preface ,the contents of the present volume are in a large measure the outcome of a long-continued personal correspondence with the late ,bishop of ,moosonee4 ,as ,editor of the ,coral ,magazine ,i received from him many appeals for aid in the various departments of his work4 ,i asked for graphic descriptions of the surroundings2 and ,i did not ask in vain4 ,questions concerning the daily life of himself and those about him1 the food and habits of the people1 modes of travel1 dress1 climate1 products1 seasons1 and special incidents were duly answered and fully entered into4 ,the bishop had the pen of a ready writer1 and all that he wrote was graphic in the extreme4 ,he was1 however1 modestly unaware of his talent in this respect1 until his eyes were opened to the fact by the well-deserved appreciation of the letters and papers which came more frequently and more regularly increasing in interest as time wore on4 ,the bulk of this book is made up of extracts from this correspondence1 with just enough information supplied to give the reader a clear idea of the bishop's life and work4 ,the journal of his first voyage to the distant sphere of his future labours he sent to me in quite recent years1 with the expressed hope that it might be published4 ,the various papers and letters afford not only a vivid picture of life amongst the ,indians and ,eskimo1 but a valuable example of what may be accomplished1 even under the most untoward circumstances1 by indomitable perseverance1 unwavering fortitude1 and cheerful self-denial1 accompanied always by prayer and a firm reliance upon ,god4 #8,i can do all things through ,christ who strengtheneth me' was the bishop's watchword4 ,his motto--#8,the happiest man is he who is most diligently employed about his ,master's business4' ,should the pictures of life and work offered in the accompanying volume lead others to follow in ,bishop ,horden's footsteps1 their purpose will have been indeed fulfilled4 ,,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,i4 ,,the ,,voyage ,,out #ac ,,ii4 ,,acquiring ,,the ,,language #ah ,,iii4 ,,early ,,life #bc ,,iv4 ,,winter ,,at ,,moose ,,fort #bh ,v4 ,a ,,visit ,,to ,,the ,,eskimo ,,at ,,whale ,,river #db ,,vi4 ,,school ,,work #ej ,,vii4 ,,first ,,return ,,to ,,england #ef ,,viii4 ,,again ,,at ,,work #fj ,,ix4 ,,days ,,of ,,labour #gj ,x4 ,,the ,,bishopric ,,of ,,moosonee #gf ,,xi4 ,a ,,picnic ,,and ,,an ,,indian ,,dance #hc ,,xii4 ,,organisation ,,and ,,travel #ib ,,xiii4 ,,york ,,factory #aje ,,xiv4 ,,the ,,return ,,to ,,moose #aaf ,,xv4 ,,trying ,,times #acb ,,xvi4 ,,christmas ,,and ,,new ,,year',s ,,day ,,at ,,albany #aej ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,packet ,,month #afj ,,xviii4 ,,churchill ,,and ,,matawakumma #agb ,,xix4 ,a ,,day ,,at ,,bishop',s ,,court #ahc ,,xx4 ,,closing ,,labours #aic ,,xxi4 ,,last ,,days #bai ,illustration3 ,a ,,log ,,hut ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,,page ,,the ,,right ,,reverend ,,john ,,horden1 ,,bishop ,,of ,,moosonee ,frontispiece ,a ,,log ,,hut #i ,,map ,,of ,,moosonee #ab ,a ,,trader',s ,,store #cf ,a ,,group ,,of ,,eskimo #df ,,shooting ,a ,,rapid #ii ,,canadian ,,timber #aai ,,moose ,,factory #abd ,a ,,page ,,of ,,the ,,cree #8,,pilgrim',s ,,progress' #ade ,a ,,dog ,,sledge #aea ,,albany1 ,,hudson',s ,,bay #aef ,,an ,,indian ,,travelling ,,on ,,snow-,,shoes #afa ,,the ,,church ,,at ,,fort ,,george #afi ,,churchill ,,in ,,summer #agc ,,on ,,the ,,churchill ,,river #agg ,a ,,large ,,canoe ,,shooting ,a ,,rapid #ahi ,illustration3 ,,map ,,of ,,moosonee 7,,scale1 #djj ,,miles ,,to ,,the ,,inch74 ,stanford's ,geog4 ,estab4 ,london ,,forty-,,two ,,years ,,amongst ,,the ,,indians ,,and ,,eskimo ,,chapter ,i ,,the ,,voyage ,,out ,in the year #afgj1 a few ,english gentlemen1 #8the ,governor and ,company of ,adventurers of ,england trading to ,hudson's ,bay1' obtained a charter from ,king ,charles ,,ii4 ,the company consisted of but nine or ten merchants4 ,they made large profits by bartering ,english goods with the ,indians of those wild1 and almost unknown1 regions for furs of the fox1 otter1 beaver1 bear1 lynx1 musk1 minx1 and ermine4 ,the company established forts1 and garrisoned them with ,highlanders and ,norwegians4 ,the climate was too cold and the food too coarse to attract ,englishmen to the service4 ,the forts1 or posts1 were about a hundred and fifty or two hundred miles apart1 and to them the ,indians resorted in the spring of the year with the furs obtained by hunting1 snaring1 and other modes of capture4 ,in return for these they obtained guns1 powder and shot1 traps1 kettles1 axes1 cloth1 and blankets4 ,the standard of value for everything was a beaver skin4 ,two white foxes were worth one beaver skin1 two silver foxes were worth eight beaver skins1 one pocket-handkerchief was worth one beaver skin1 one yard of blue cloth was worth one-and-a-half beaver skins1 a frying-pan was worth two beaver skins4 ,as time went on1 and the value of furs in the market rose or fell1 the prices of certain things altered4 ,but this is a sample of what they were when the hero of our tale first went out to ,hudson's ,bay in #ahea4 ,let us accompany the young missionary on his voyage to ,moose ,fort1 the chief of the company's trading posts4 #8,we1 that is1 my dear wife and myself1' he writes1 #8went on board ship at ,gravesend on ,june #f1 #ahea4 ,our ship was strongly built1 double throughout2 it was armed with thick blocks of timber1 called ice chocks1 at the bows1 to enable it to do battle with the ice it would have to encounter4 ,at ,stromness we remained a fortnight1 taking in a portion of our cargo and a number of men who were going to ,hudson's ,bay in the service of the company4 ,it was a solitary voyage4 ,all the way we saw but one vessel4 ,on a ,saturday afternoon we entered the ,straits4 #8,the weather had been very foggy2 but the fog rose1 the sun shone out1 and a most beautiful spectacle presented itself4 ,the water was as smooth as a fish-pond1 and in it were lying blocks of ice of all sizes and shapes1 some of them resembling churches1 others castles1 and others hulls of ships1 while at a considerable distance1 on either side1 rose the wild and dreary land--a land of desolation and death1 without a tree or a blade of grass1 but high and mountainous1 with masses of snow lying in all the hollows4 ,the captain and mates became very anxious4 ,the dangers of the voyage had commenced4 ,an ice-stage1 raised eight or nine feet above the deck1 was erected1 and on this continually walked up and down one or two of the ship's officers4 ,a man1 too1 was constantly at the bow on the look out1 and yet the blows we received were very heavy1 setting the bells a-ringing1 and causing a sensation of fear4 #8,when we had got about half-way through the ,straits1 we saw some of the inhabitants of this dreary land4 8,the ,eskimo are coming10 said a sailor4 #8,by-and-by1 ,i heard the word ,chimo frequently repeated1 which means 8,welcome10 and presently we saw a number of beautiful little canoes coming towards us1 each containing a man4 ,these were soon followed by a large boat containing several women and children4 ,they all came alongside1 bringing with them seal-skins1 blubber1 fox-skins1 whalebone1 and ivory4 ,these they freely parted with in exchange for pieces of iron1 needles1 nails1 saws1 c41 they setting a very great value on anything made of iron4 ,now these people1 who were very1 very dirty1 were not dressed like ,english people1 but both men and women wore coats made of seal-skins1 breeches of dog-skins1 and boots of well-dressed seal-skins1 the only difference between a man's and a woman's dress being that the woman had a long tail to her coat1 reaching almost to the ground1 and an immense hood1 in which she carried her little naked baby1 which was perched on her shoulders4 #8,again hoisting our sails1 in two or three days we cleared the ,straits and entered ,hudson's ,bay4 ,danger was not over4 ,our difficulties had scarcely commenced4 ,ahead1 stretching as far as the eye could reach1 is ice--ice2 now we are in it4 ,more and more difficult becomes the navigation4 ,we are at a standstill4 ,we go to the mast-head--ice6 rugged ice in every direction6 ,one day passes by--two1 three1 four4 ,the cold is intense4 ,our hopes sink lower and lower2 a week passes4 ,the sailors are allowed to get out and have a game at football2 the days pass on2 for nearly three weeks we are imprisoned4 ,then there is a movement in the ice4 ,it is opening4 ,the ship is clear6 ,every man is on deck4 ,up with the sails in all speed6 ,crack1 crack1 go the blows from the ice through which we are passing2 but we shall now soon be free1 and in the open sea4 ,ah6 no prisoner ever left his prison with greater joy than we left ours4 #8,a few days afterwards1 as evening was closing in1 there was a great commotion on board3 heavy chains were got on deck2 we were nearing the place of our destination2 in the midnight darkness the roar of our guns announced the joyful intelligence that we were anchored at the ,second ,buoy1 only twenty-five miles from ,moose ,fort4' ,looking at the map of ,north ,america1 a little inland from the coast of ,labrador1 you will find ,hudson's ,bay1 and in the south-west corner1 at the mouth of the ,moose ,river1 ,moose ,fort4 ,here is the residence of the deputy governor and his subordinate officers2 a number of people are anxiously looking out2 they are expecting the one ship that comes to them in the course of the year4 ,a small vessel lying a little way out to sea has raised the long-looked-for signal1 and rejoicing is the order of the day4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,acquiring ,,the ,,language ,our travellers were delighted with the appearance of ,moose ,fort and its immediate surroundings4 ,the little church1 the line of neat cottages with their gardens in front1 and the new factory buildings1 lying irregularly along the banks of the river1 gave the place almost the air of an ,english village4 ,towering picturesquely above all1 was the old fort1 strongly built and loopholed1 now serving the purpose of a salesroom1 but once needed as a place of defence from attacks of the ,indians4 ,poplars1 pines1 and juniper formed a green background1 and the place bore a smiling and pleasant aspect1 altogether surprising to those who had expected to arrive on a barren and desolate shore4 ,mr4 ,horden was received with unmistakable joy by the people1 who had long been left without a teacher1 his predecessor in the office having quitted ,moose ,fort the year before4 ,he was at once at home amongst the ,indians1 and immediately set about learning their difficult language4 ,greek and ,latin he declared to be tame affairs #8in comparison with ,sakehao and ,ketemakalemo1 with their animate and inanimate forms1 their direct and inverse1 their reciprocal and reflective1 their absolute and relative1 their want of an infinitive mood1 and their two first persons plural4 ,this ,i found very troublesome for a long time2 to use kelananow for we1 when ,i meant ,i and you2 and nelanan1 when ,i wished to express ,i and he4 ,if merely the extra pronoun had required to be learnt1 ,i should not have minded1 but ,i did mind very much when ,i found in the verb the pronoun inseparably mixed up with the verb1 and that in portions of it the whole of the personal pronouns were expressed by different inflections of the verb4 ,but ,i had the very strongest of motives to urge me forward3 the desire to speak to the ,indian in his own language the life-giving words of the ,gospel4 #8,i had been at my new home but a few days before ,i set to work in earnest4 ,the plan ,i adopted was this3 every week1 with the assistance of an interpreter1 ,i translated a small portion of the service of the ,english ,church4 ,this ,i read over and over again1 until ,i had nearly committed it to memory1 and was able to read it on ,sunday4 ,the ,lord's ,prayer and a few hymns ,i found already translated1 and ,i soon added a few hymns more4 ,chapters of the ,bible and sermons were rendered by the interpreter sentence by sentence4 ,rather tedious1 but we improved fast1 and ,i shall not soon forget the expression of surprise and joy on the countenances of my congregation1 when1 after a few months1 ,i made my first address to them without an interpreter--but ,i am anticipating4 #8,my plan was threefold4 ,i provided myself with two books and a living instructor2 the latter a young ,indian with a smattering of ,english4 ,the first of the two books was a small one to carry in my pocket2 in it ,i wrote a few questions with the aid of the interpreter4 ,having learnt them1 ,i went into an ,indian tent1 sat down among its inmates1 drew out book and pencil1 and put one of my questions4 ,one of those present would at once give me an answer1 entering generally into a long explanation1 of which ,i did not understand a word4 ,however1 they1 knowing my aim1 talked on1 and ,i listened1 wondering what it was all about4 ,getting gradually bewildered1 ,i returned home4 ,i repeated the process again and again1 and after a few days light began to shine out of darkness1 the jumble divided itself into words1 the book and pencil no longer lay idle1 every word that ,i could separate from the others was at once jotted down1 all were copied out1 translated as far as possible1 and committed to memory2 and presently ,i got not only to catch up the words1 but likewise to understand a good deal of what was said4 #8,the second book was a much larger one1 and ruled4 ,having this and pen and ink by my side1 ,i would call an ,indian1 and he would take his seat opposite2 ,i then made him understand that ,i wished him to talk about something1 and that ,i wished to write down what he said4 ,he would begin to speak1 but too fast2 ,i shook my head1 and said1 ,pkack1 pkack--8slowly1 slowly10 and at a more reasonable rate he would recommence4 ,as he spoke1 so ,i wrote1 writing on every other line4 ,we sat thus until ,i could bear no more4 ,then1 with the interpreter's assistance1 ,i wrote the translation of each word directly under it1 thus making an interline4 ,the work was a little trying1 but by it ,i gained words1 ,i gained words in combination1 ,i gained the inflections of words1 ,i gained the idiom of the language1 ,i gained a knowledge of the mind of the ,indian1 the channel in which his ideas ran1 ,i gained a knowledge of his mode of life1 the trials and privations to which he was subjected4 #8,now as to the ,indian lad4 ,i began by drilling him in the powers of an ,english verb1 and after a few days we said a lesson to each other1 he saying--,first person singular1 ,i love2 second person singular1 thou lovest1 c4 ,then ,i going on with mine1 thus3 ,ne sakehou ,i love him4 ,ke sakehou ,thou lovest him4 ,sakehao ,he loves him4 ,ne sakehanam ,we love him4 ,ke sakehanou ,we love him4 ,ke sakehawou ,you love him4 ,sakehawuh ,they love him4 ,then the inverse form3 ,ne sakehik ,me loves he4 ,ke sakehik ,thee loves he4 ,sakehiko ,he is loved by him4 ,ne sakihikonau ,us loves he4 ,ke sakehikonau ,us loves he4 ,ke sakehikowou ,you loves he4 ,sakehikowuk ,they are loved by him4 ,and so on and on4 ,the subjunctive mood1 with its iks and uks and aks and chucks1 was terribly formidable1 still the march was onward1 every week the drudgery became less and the pleasure greater1 and every week ,i was able to enter more and more into conversation with those who formed my spiritual charge4 #8,in my talk ,i made mistakes enough4 ,once ,i had a class of young men sitting around me1 and was telling them of the creation of ,adam and ,eve4 ,all went well until ,i came to speak of ,eve's creation2 ,i got as far as 8,god created ,eve out of one of ,adam's ----10 when something more than a smile broke forth from my companions4 ,instead of saying1 8out of one of ,adam's ribs10 ,i had said1 8out of one of ,adam's pipes40 ,ospikakun is 8his rib10 and ospwakun1 8his pipe40 #8,after eight months ,i never used an interpreter in my public ministrations1 and ,i had been in the country but a few days more than a twelvemonth1 when1 standing by the side of good ,bishop ,anderson1 ,i interpreted his sermon to a congregation of ,albany ,indians4 ,i say this with deep thankfulness to ,god for assisting me in my formidable undertaking4' ,,chapter ,,iii ,,early ,,life ,mr4 ,horden had not only a wonderful power of acquiring languages1 but a wonderful power of adapting himself to all things1 people1 and circumstances4 ,this stood him in good stead throughout his career4 ,born in ,exeter1 ,january #bj1 #ahbh1 in humble circumstances1 simply educated1 apprenticed to a trade in early boyhood1 he lived to attain a high position4 ,all difficulties were overcome by his dauntless energy of purpose and unwavering perseverance4 ,he wished to study1 but his father put him to a smithy4 ,he desired to become a missionary1 but his relatives discouraged the idea4 ,he did not rebel1 he did not kick against authority1 but he neglected no opportunity to further his purpose4 ,he read and thought1 he attended evening ,bible readings1 he taught in the ,sunday school1 and when his indentures were out he left the anvil for the desk4 ,he obtained the post of usher in a boys' school4 ,and now being independent1 he offered himself to the ,church ,missionary ,society1 with a view to going to ,india as a lay agent1 and he was accepted with the understanding that he would await a suitable opening1 which might perhaps not occur for two or three years4 ,he was willing to wait1 but his patience was not to be tried4 ,the society learnt that the ,wesleyans had withdrawn from ,hudson's ,bay1 and that there was great need of a teacher at ,moose ,fort4 ,here was an opening for a young man such as ,john ,horden appeared to be4 ,hastily he was telegraphed for--,hudson's ,bay was not ,india6 ,but he was willing to go4 ,it were better he should take a wife with him4 ,the lady was ready1 like-minded with himself4 ,they must start in three weeks4 ,they agreed to do it4 ,he went home1 got married1 and returned to ,london4 ,the needful outfit was hastily prepared1 and they started1 as we have seen4 ,such in short is the story of our hero's earlier life4 ,large and varied were to be his experiences in his later years4 ,the society at home hearing of his success with the ,indians1 his great progress in learning the language1 and his ready adaptability to all the requirements of the post1 had determined to send him to the ,bishop of ,rupert's ,land for ordination4 #8,but1' said the bishop1 #8this plan was formed in ignorance of the distance and difficulties of travelling in this part of the country1 and ,i did not wish to expose ,mr4 ,horden with wife and baby to it4' ,bishop ,anderson chose rather to traverse his huge diocese and ordain the young missionary at ,moose4 ,on the morning of ,june #bh1 in the year #aheb1 the start was made from ,st4 ,andrews1 ,red ,river1 in a canoe decorated by one of the bishop's scholars with a mitre and the ,union flag at the stern1 and at the bow a rose and duck4 ,for the latter #8,i might have substituted the dove with the olive branch1 had ,i known of it in time1' says the bishop1 #8but it was done to surprise me1 and the more familiar object was naturally enough selected4' ,the provisions consisted largely of flour and pemmican1 the clothing1 of the bishop's robes and a few necessaries1 the bedding1 of a pillow with a buffalo robe and blankets4 ,the journey lasted six weeks4 ,throughout it the bishop confirmed1 married1 and baptized as he passed from post to post1 and on arriving at ,moose ,fort the work was repeated4 ,he found the ,indians full of love and regard for their teacher4 #8,he has their hearts and affections1' he wrote1 #8and their eyes turn to him at once4 ,this is his best testimonial for holy orders4' ,careful examination of the candidate still further convinced the bishop of his suitability1 and when the annual ship arrived bringing an ,english clergyman1 the ,rev4 ,e4 ,a4 ,watkins1 destined for ,fort ,george1 he no longer delayed1 but ordained ,mr4 ,horden both deacon and priest1 ,mr4 ,watkins presenting4 ,the bishop and ,mr4 ,watkins had then to hasten on their several ways1 lest early winter might overtake them ere they reached their destinations4 ,and so the ardent1 earnest young catechist was left at ,moose1 pastor as well as teacher of his flock1 known to and esteemed by every man1 woman and child of the ,indian families who resorted thither during the summer season1 and supremely happy in his work and position4 ,the home in which he and his wife dwelt was of the simplest1 its walls were of plain pine wood2 but within it was enlivened by the baby prattle of their first-born child1 baptized by the bishop1 ,elizabeth ,anderson4 ,without1 it was surrounded by a garden1 in which some hardy flowers grew side by side with potatoes1 turnips1 peas1 and barley4 ,moose is not by any means bare of wild flowers1 and in mosses it is very rich1 whilst goodly clumps of trees waved their branches in the breeze on an island only five minutes' walk from the house4 ,during the winter the missionary and his family1 together with the three or four gentlemen of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company1 with their servants1 and a few sick and aged ,indians and children1 were the sole inhabitants of the settlement4 ,then ,mr4 ,horden gave himself up to his little school1 to his translation work1 and to such building operations as in course of time became necessary--a school-house1 a church1 a new dwelling-house4 ,after dinner he was occupied with hammer1 chisel1 saw and plane until dark4 ,in the evening he gave instruction to a few young men4 ,one such1 whom he employed for a time as a school assistant in later years1 he had the pleasure of sending in due course for ordination by the ,bishop of ,rupert's ,land1 who appointed him to the charge of ,albany station1 one hundred miles north of ,moose1 an important outpost1 at which eighty families of ,indians congregated during the summer4 ,hannah ,bay1 another post1 fifty miles east of ,moose1 was resorted to by fifty families2 ,rupert's ,house1 one hundred miles east1 was frequented by sixty families2 and ,kevoogoonisse1 #dcj miles south1 by thirty families4 ,all these places were to be visited by ,mr4 ,horden1 as well as ,martin's ,falls1 three hundred miles from ,albany1 and ,osnaburg1 two hundred miles further on2 also ,flying ,post1 one hundred from ,kevoogoonisse1 and ,new ,brunswick1 one hundred from ,flying ,post4 ,this was sufficient to appal the mind and daunt the courage of one still young and inexperienced4 ,it did not daunt ,john ,horden4 ,he longed only to teach all who were thus placed under his ministerial charge4 ,the journeys must be made at particular seasons1 as throughout the greater part of the year no ,indians were at the trading-posts4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,winter ,,at ,,moose ,,fort ,the four seasons are called in the ,indian tongue1 ,sekwun1 ,nepin1 ,tukwaukin1 and ,pepooa4 ,spring begins about the middle or end of ,may1 when the ice in the river breaks up4 ,vegetation proceeds rapidly4 ,in a few days the bushes look green1 and within a fortnight the grass and trees appear in summer garb4 ,sometimes the #8breaking-up' is attended with danger1 often with inconvenience4 ,in the spring of #ahfj the little settlement was visited with a disastrous flood4 ,the ground all around is low1 not a hill within seventy miles4 ,mr4 ,horden was occupied in building his new church--the frame already rested on the foundations4 ,one ,sunday morning it floated off and took an excursion of nearly a quarter of a mile1 and with the aid of ropes1 poles1 and other implements it had to be dragged back to its former position and strongly secured4 #8,the ice1' said ,mr4 ,horden1 #8made much more havoc than it did in '#eg4 ,a few days after the water had subsided ,i found my garden thickly planted with ice blocks of a considerable size2 but our gardening operations were not impeded1 we were able to raise a large quantity of potatoes of very good quality4 ,the effects of a flood are not always evident at once2 it is after the lapse of months that they become apparent1 when the poor ,indian on arriving at his winter hunting-grounds finds that the water has been there1 and destroyed nearly the whole of the rabbits4 ,he is reduced to great straits1 and the energies of the whole family are required to keep them from starvation4' ,rabbits are the staple food of the ,indians in the season4 ,the skins1 being of little value for barter1 are used by them as blankets1 the women sewing them very neatly together4 ,in #ahfa ,mr4 ,horden writes3 #8,in ,may we were again threatened with a flood4 ,on returning from church one ,sunday evening the river presented an awful appearance4 ,the strength of the current had broken up the ice1 and formed it into a conical shape1 which rose as high as the tops of the trees on the high bank of the river4 ,we abandoned our house1 having first taken every precaution to guard against the fury of the waters1 but1 although the threat was so formidable1 we experienced no flood1 and after spending a few pleasant days at the establishment of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company we returned1 and at once began our gardening4 ,the children look upon a flood as a rare treat4 ,to them it is something of a pleasant1 exciting nature1 after the dull monotony of a seven or eight months' winter4 ,it drives us from our house1 but we take shelter in one equally good1 where we ourselves enjoy pleasant company1 and where the children have a large number of playmates4 ,what we look upon as our greatest trial are the privations and sufferings to which the ,indians are subjected4' ,nepin is very changeable1 sometimes excessively warm1 with plenty of mosquitoes and sand-flies1 which are very troublesome2 sometimes quite cold1 and the transition is very rapid4 ,it may be hot in the morning1 and in the evening so cold that an overcoat may be worn with comfort4 #8,this is the busy season1' writes ,mr4 ,horden1 #8when ,i take my journeys4 ,brigades of canoes from the various posts arrive1 bringing the furs collected during the preceding winter2 in fact1 every person appears to have plenty to do4' ,just as summer is ending1 the ship arrives1 and it is very anxiously looked for1 for on it almost everything depends--flour1 tea1 clothing1 books1 everything4 #8,tukwaukin is generally very boisterous1 with occasional hail and snow storms4 ,then the ,indians hunt geese1 which are salted and put into barrels for our use1 although they are not quite so good as a corned round of beef4 ,before the arrival of ,pepooa1 all of the ,indians are gone off to their winter grounds1 from which most of them do not return until the arrival of spring4' ,each point of ,mr4 ,horden's vast parish had to be reached by an arduous journey4 ,arduous is indeed but a mild expression for the troubles1 trials1 privations1 and tremendous difficulties attendant on travel through the immense1 trackless wastes lying between many of the posts--wastes intersected with rivers and rapids1 varied only by tracts of pathless forest1 swept by severe storms4 #8,last autumn1' he writes1 #8,i took a journey to ,kevoogoonisse2 it is #dcj miles distant1 and during the whole way ,i saw no tent or house1 not even a human being1 until ,i arrived within a short distance of the post4 ,i appeared to be passing through a forgotten land2 ,i saw trees by tens of thousands1 living1 decaying1 and dead2 ,i saw majestic waterfalls1 and passed through fearful rapids2 ,i walked over long and difficult places1 and day after day struck my little tent1 and felt grieved at seeing no new faces1 none to whom ,i might impart some spiritual blessing4 ,in the whole space of country over which ,i travelled1 perhaps a dozen ,indian families hunt during the winter4 ,sometimes even this tract is insufficient to supply their wants2 animals become scarce1 the lands are burnt by the forest fires1 and they are reduced to the greatest distress4 ,i have seen terrible cases of this kind4 ,i have seen a man with an emaciated countenance1 who in one winter lost six children1 all he had2 and1 horrible to relate1 nearly every one of them was killed for the purpose of satisfying the cravings of hunger4 ,at the post to which he was attached1 ,kevoogoonisse1 out of about #abj ,indians1 twenty died through starvation in one winter4' ,the country may be said to be one vast forest1 with very extensive plains1 watered by large rivers and numerous lakes1 inhabited by a few roving ,indians1 who are engaged in hunting wild animals to procure furs for the use of civilized man4 ,sometimes sad things took place during the absence of the missionary on his journeyings to visit outlying stations4 ,during the short summer of #aheh1 he set out with his wife and their little children to visit ,whale ,river1 in the country of the ,eskimo4 ,it was not his first journey to that post4 #8,you will have need of all your courage1' said he to his wife4 ,tempestuous seas1 shelterless nights1 and stormy days were vivid to his own memory1 but wife and children were glad to see anything new1 after the monotonous days and nights of the long ,moose winter4 ,the family had not long been gone1 when whooping-cough broke out at ,moose4 ,young1 old1 and middle-aged were attacked alike1 and numbers died4 ,so terrible was the sickness that at one time there was but one man able to work1 and his work was to make two coffins4 ,the missionary returned to a sorrowing people4 ,out of five ,european families four had lost each a child1 and #8the sight of the grave-yard and the mothers weeping there is one ,i never shall forget4 ,in ordinary years the average mortality was two4 ,this year it was thirty-two4' ,amongst the children taken was dear little ,susan1 the orphan child of a heathen ,indian1 whom they had cared for from infancy1 and whose little fingers had just before her illness traced upon a sampler the text3 #8,remember now thy ,creator in the days of thy youth1 while the evil days'----,here the words had ceased--she was taken from all evil1 and the evil days would not draw nigh her1 the needle remained in the sampler at that spot4 ,amongst the aged taken were blind ,koote1 old blind ,adam1 and old blind ,hannah1 all of whom are specially mentioned in ,mr4 ,horden's account of the previous ,christmas ,day services4 #8,yesterday1' he writes1 speaking of ,christmas #aheg1 #8was a deeply interesting one to me4 ,as usual1 ,i met the ,indians at seven1 the ,english-speaking congregation at eleven1 and ,indians again at three4 ,among the communicants present were no less than three blind persons4 ,old ,adam1 over whose head have1 ,i should think1 passed a hundred winters4 ,old ,koote1 always at church1 led with a string by a little boy1 and poor old lame ,hannah1 whose seat is seldom empty1 be the weather what it may4 ,the day previous to our communion we had a meeting of the communicants4 ,old blind ,koote said1 8,i thank ,god for having preserved me to this day4 ,god is good6 ,i pray to ,him every night and morning4 ,that does good to my soul4 ,i think a great deal about heaven1 ,i ask ,jesus to wash away all my sins1 and to take me there40' ,any of the ,indians who can come in to celebrate the ,christmas and ,new ,year's festivals eagerly seize the opportunity4 ,but this is not possible for the greater number1 whose hunting-grounds lie at considerable distances from the fort4 ,in their far-away tents they have no means of ,christian communion or instruction1 except by intercourse with one another1 and by the study of the portions of ,scripture1 prayers1 and hymns which they gladly and thankfully carry away with them to their lonely homes in the wilderness4 ,the society had sent out a printing-press to ,moose ,fort1 to facilitate the supply of books to the ,indians4 ,mr4 ,horden had hoped to receive by the ship copies of his translations ready printed1 instead of which1 to his dismay1 blank sheets arrived with the press4 ,he was no printer1 although his father had been1 and now his energy1 courage1 and power to overcome difficulties pre-eminently showed themselves4 ,he shut himself up in his room for several days1 resolved to master the putting together of the press2 a very complicated business4 ,but he accomplished it1 and great was his joy and triumph when he found that the machinery would work4 ,from this press issued1 in one winter1 no less than sixteen hundred books in three ,indian dialects4 ,the winter over and gone1 the snow nearly disappeared1 day after day the geese and wavies are seen flying overhead4 ,the mighty river1 which has been for many months locked up1 with a giant's strength has burst its bonds asunder1 and rushes impetuously towards the sea2 a few birds appear in the trees1 the frogs have commenced their croaking1 fish find their way to the well-laid nets2 and the busy mosquito has begun its unwelcome buzz4 ,the ,indians collect their furs1 tie them in bundles1 and place them in the canoes1 and with their dogs and household stuff they make their way down stream to the trader's residence4 ,they run a few rapids1 carry their canoe and baggage over many portages1 sail the frail bark over one or two lakes1 and are at the end of their journey4 ,down come the trader's servants to help to carry the packs to the store4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,trader',s ,,store ,let us look around4 ,the store contains everything that an ,indian needs1 whether for business or comfort4 ,here a rack full of guns1 there a pile of thick blankets1 a bale of blanket coats1 and an almost unlimited supply of blue and red cloth2 axes and knives1 matches and kettles1 beads and braid1 deer-skin and moose-skin1 powder and shot1 twine for nets and snares1 tea and sugar1 flour and oatmeal1 pork and pease2 and some good books too1 which tell the ,indian of ,god and heaven1 and which he can read4 ,the trader approaches1 his face beaming with delight as he eyes the packs1 for they are large and valuable4 ,he soon begins work4 ,the first bale contains nothing but beaver skins4 ,eighty-five examined are said to be worth a hundred and twenty beaver according to the standard value4 ,the next contains forty marten1 ten otter1 a hundred and fifty rat4 ,these are adjudged worth a hundred beaver2 the third bale is composed of five hundred rabbit skins1 worth twenty-five beaver4 ,consider a beaver equal to two shillings and sixpence1 and you will see the value of the hunt in sterling money4 ,we have now--bale one value one hundred and twenty beaver2 bale two value one hundred beaver2 and bale three value twenty-five beaver2 altogether two-hundred-and-forty-five beaver4 ,last summer yonder ,indian took out a debt in goods of one hundred and fifty beaver1 this he pays1 and then he has ninety-five beaver with which to trade4 ,ninety-five quills are given to him1 and his trading begins4 ,the trader1 like an ,english shopman1 stands behind a counter1 and the ,indian outside4 ,native-like1 he consults long before the purchase of each article4 ,having decided1 he calls out1 #8,a gun2' a gun is delivered1 and he pays over ten of his quills2 then three yards of cloth1 for which he pays two quills2 two books1 and for them he pays one quill2 and so on he goes1 the heap of goods increasing and the supply of quills decreasing gradually4 ,as he approaches the end1 the consultation becomes very anxious2 he is making quite sure that he is laying out his money to the best advantage4 ,but the end comes at last1 and1 satisfied with his bargains1 he gathers all up into one of the purchased blankets1 and retires to his tent1 where he examines and admires1 and admires again1 article after article4 ,shall we take a peep into an ,indian's tent when encamped in the forest on a trapping expedition8 ,a fire burns in the centre1 but through the large opening overhead we see the snow lying thick on the branches of the trees4 ,the day has just broken1 but the ,christian ,indian has already engaged in worship and taken his morning meal4 ,then on with his snow-shoes1 for there is no moving without them4 ,the blanket which forms the tent door is raised1 and he steps outside4 ,how cold6 and how drear the scene6 how still and death-like6 no birds1 no sound1 save the wind whistling through the forest4 ,now he is at a marten trap1 a very simple contrivance1 composed of a framework of sticks1 in the middle of which a bait is placed1 which being meddled with1 causes the descent of a log1 which crushes the intruder4 ,here is a beautiful dark marten1 quite a prize4 ,he takes it out and fastens it to a sledge1 re-baits the trap1 and on he goes to another4 ,ah6 he sees tracks1 but the marten has not entered the trap2 on to another4 ,what is this8 ,he looks dismayed2 a wolverine has been here1 and has robbed the trap4 ,he resets it and goes on to the next2 the wolverine has been there too2 to another and another1 with the same result4 ,he is disheartened1 but it cannot be helped4 ,so he trudges on over a round of thirty traps1 taking altogether six fine martens2 not a bad day's hunt1 all things considered4 ,evening is drawing on4 ,he returns to the tent1 and there awaits him a glorious repast1 perhaps of beaver meat4 ,he feels quite refreshed1 and recounts all the vicissitudes of the day1 the gains and disappointments4 ,on the morrow he takes the martens and skins them2 and what is he to do with the bodies8 ,our ,indian friends are not fastidious4 ,he eats them4 ,the skins he turns inside out1 and stitches them up4 ,in the spring he brings them to the fur-trading post1 and there exchanges them1 as we have seen1 for all the requisites of ,indian life4 ,an ,indian cannot afford to cast away anything2 all he kills is to him #8beef1' sometimes good1 sometimes not a little bad4 #8,in my own experience1' ,mr4 ,horden says1 #8,i have eaten white bear1 black bear1 wild cat1 while for a week or ten days together ,i have had nothing but beaver1 and glad indeed ,i have been to get it4' ,when the ,indians have come into the post the work of instruction at once commences4 ,amid school-work1 services1 visiting and talking with individuals1 the missionary found his time fully occupied4 ,little leisure remained for his dearly-loved translation work--yet this progressed4 ,in #ahei ,mr4 ,horden had already the prayer and hymn book and the four ,gospels printed in the syllabic character4 ,the prayer and hymn book were printed in ,england4 ,the ,gospels he had himself printed at ,moose4 #8,the performance of this labour1' he writes1 #8was almost too much for me1 as1 since last winter1 although not incapacitated for work1 ,i have felt that even a very strong constitution has limits1 which it may not pass with impunity2 ,i have occasionally suffered from weakness of the chest4 ,i need not say with what delight the ,indians received the books prepared for them4 ,i did not think it right to provide them all gratis1 ,i therefore charged two shillings each1 a little less than one beaver skin1 and with the money thus raised ,i am able to purchase a year's consumption of paper4 ,our services are now conducted in a manner very similar to what they are at home4 ,our meetings for prayer are extremely refreshing1 and my spirit is often revived by joining with my brethren around the throne of grace4' ,it must be remembered that ,mr4 ,horden had not only the ,indians under his ministry1 but the ,europeans of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company2 thus he had ,english as well as ,indian services to hold1 and as there were some ,norwegians amongst the company's servants who did not readily follow either the ,english or the ,indian1 he set himself to learn for their sake sufficient ,norwegian to read the service and to preach to them in their own tongue4 ,to these languages he added ,eskimo and ,ojibbeway--the latter being the speech of the people of the ,kevoogoonisse district1 the former that of the natives of ,whale ,river4 ,how could all this be crowded into the busy day of this father of his flock8 ,how but by rising in the small hours of the morning1 when by the light of a lamp in his little study he read1 and wrote1 and translated1 and in addition to all else taught himself ,hebrew4 ,,chapter ,v ,a ,,visit ,,to ,,the ,,eskimo ,,at ,,whale ,,river ,in ,february #ahfa1 ,mr4 ,horden writes1 #8,my hands are quite full2 ,i find it impossible to do all that ,i should wish to do4 ,on ,sundays ,i hold three full services1 and attend school twice1 and every morning except ,saturday ,i conduct school4 ,on ,tuesday afternoon and ,wednesday evening ,i hold a service4 ,these matters1 with my house and sick visiting1 leave me very little leisure4 ,but as myself and my family enjoy good health1 ,i can say that happiness is to be found as well among the primeval forests of ,moosonee as in the more sunny land of our birth4' ,for his ,eskimo children the bishop always had a very special affection4 ,very early in his missionary career he managed1 as we have seen1 to pay them a visit4 ,he then could not converse with them1 nor could he do so without the aid of an interpreter when he paid a summer visit to ,whale ,river about the year #ahfb4 ,we give his own graphic account of this4 #8,let our thoughts for a while be transferred to a land more bleak and desolate than ,moose1 to the land where snow never entirely disappears1 to the land of barren rock and howling storm1 to the country of the white bear and the hardy ,eskimo1 where ,i spent some time last summer4 ,i remained with the ,eskimo only eight days1 yet those eight days were indeed blessed ones1 and will not soon be forgotten by me1 for they were amongst the most successful missionary days ,i have had since ,i have been in the country4 #8,the ,eskimo appeared to me to be kind1 cheerful1 docile1 persevering1 and honest4 ,nothing could exceed the desire they professed for instruction1 nothing the exertions they made to learn to read1 nothing the attention with which they listened to the ,word of ,god4 ,i was most fortunate 7but should ,i not use another word87 in obtaining the services of a young ,eskimo as my interpreter1 who had received instruction from missionaries 7,moravians7 while living on the coast of ,labrador4 ,he spoke ,english but imperfectly2 but knew some hymns and texts exceedingly well1 and showed himself most willing to assist me to the fullest extent of his power4 ,i could not have done half the work ,i did1 had ,i not had him as my assistant4 ,accompany me for a day1 commencing with the early morning4 #8,soon after six we had a service with the ,eskimo2 about twenty-five were present4 ,some of the men were dressed very much like working men in ,england4 ,they purchase their clothing from the store of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company4 ,others were dressed in the comfortable native style1 composed of a loose seal-skin jacket coming to the waist1 seal-skin breeches1 and seal-skin boots4 ,one of the women had on an ,english gown1 of which she seemed not a little proud2 the others were attired in a dress somewhat similar to the men1 with the addition of an immense hood to their jackets1 in which they deposit their little babies4 #8,the service was commenced by singing a hymn2 reading followed1 then prayer1 the ,lord's ,prayer being repeated aloud by all2 singing again2 then a long lesson on the 8,syllabariam10 i4e4 the system of reading by syllables1 without the labour of spelling4 ,they were then instructed in ,watt's ,first ,catechism1 and another hymn completed the service4 ,after having taken my breakfast1 ,i assembled the ,indians1 who were nearly twice the number of the ,eskimo1 but not half as painstaking4 ,my service with them was somewhat less simple than that with the ,eskimo1 as they had received more instruction1 and a few could use their prayer books intelligently2 but ,i noticed an apathy among them which rather disheartened me4 #8,i then took a lesson from my ,eskimo interpreter1 writing questions and obtaining his assistance in translating a portion of the baptismal and marriage services2 ,i then went to the ,eskimo tents until dinner-time4 ,they are made of seal-skins in the shape of a common marquee4 ,some of them are spacious and not very dirty4 ,in the centre is a fire1 over which is suspended a large kettle full of cray-fish4 ,an old woman was sewing very industriously at a pair of seal-skin short boots1 which she presented to me4 ,her husband was equally industrious1 making models of ,eskimo implements4 ,i instantly transferred to paper the few words of conversation they had with me4 ,my next visit was to a tent where younger people were assembled4 ,i asked a few questions1 which they readily answered4 ,i was pleased at this1 as showing that they could understand me4 ,i then dined1 and took a short stroll along the river towards the sea1 to see what prospect there was for the whale fishermen4 ,the fishers were there1 waiting patiently1 but with the look of disappointment on their countenances4 ,they could see hundreds of whales outside the bar of the river1 but while they remained there not one could be caught1 and there seemed no chance of any coming inside the bar4 ,leaving them1 ,i went to hold a second service with my ,eskimo1 then another with my ,indians4 ,it was then tea-time4 ,i spent an hour with my ,eskimo interpreter1 after which ,i held an ,english service with the master and mistress1 the only ,english-speaking woman for hundreds of miles1 and the ,european servants of the company4 ,half an hour's social chat at length closed the day1 and with feelings of thankfulness at having been placed as a labourer in the vineyard of the ,lord1 ,i retired to rest4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,group ,,of ,,eskimo #8,i was so deeply impressed with the conduct of the ,eskimo1 their anxiety to learn1 and their love for the truths of ,christianity1 that ,i could not forbid water that some of them should be baptized4 ,three of them could read well2 these received the rite of baptism at an evening service1 all the ,europeans being present1 for all appeared to take a deep interest in the proceedings4 ,all three were young1 neat1 tidy1 and dressed in ,european costume4 ,they answered my inquiries very intelligently1 receiving severally the names of ,john ,horden1 ,thomas ,henry1 and ,elizabeth ,oke4 ,john and ,elizabeth were afterwards married4 ,malikto1 the father of the bridegroom1 stood up at the conclusion of the service1 and said that he hoped they would not forget the instruction they had received1 after ,i left them4 ,it was a delightful but solemn service4' ,the ,eskimo formed a large part of ,mr4 ,horden's charge1 and he was much attracted by their gentle contentment amidst their dreary surroundings1 and by their teachableness4 #8,what should we have been1 had we1 like them1' he said1 #8had no ,bible to direct us to ,god8' ,thus speaks the ,eskimo1 the man who considers himself pre-eminently the #8man1' and who has not been taught that ,god made him1 the sun1 and the moon1 and the stars also3 #8,long1 long ago1 not long after the creation of the world1 there lived a mighty ,eskimo1 who was a great conjurer2 nothing was impossible to him2 no other of his profession could stand before him4 ,he found the world too small and insignificant for his powers1 so1 taking with him his sister and a small fire1 he raised himself up into the heavens4 ,heaping immense quantities of fuel on the fire1 he formed the sun1 which has continued burning ever since4 ,for a while he and his sister lived together in perfect harmony1 but after a time he began to ill-treat her1 and his conduct towards her became worse and worse until one day he scorched her face1 which was exquisitely beautiful4 ,this was not to be borne1 she therefore fled from him1 and formed the moon4 ,her brother is still in chase of her1 but although he sometimes gets near her1 he will never overtake her4 ,when it is new moon the burnt side of her face is towards us2 when full moon the reverse is the case4 ,the stars are the spirits of the dead ,eskimo that have fixed themselves in the heavens1 and meteors and the aurora are these spirits moving from one place to another whilst visiting their friends4' ,,chapter ,,vi ,,school ,,work ,in school work and teaching ,mr4 ,horden took from first to last the keenest interest4 ,after he became bishop he still visited the ,moose ,school daily1 whenever he was in residence4 ,in earlier years he had for a time the able assistance of a native master1 ,mr4 ,vincent4 ,a small boarding-school had been commenced in #ahee with two children1 who were supported through the ,coral ,missionary ,fund4#a ,the following year1 two more children were taken1 and in #aheg the number on the list amounted to eight2 to these others were yearly added1 supported by friends of the ,coral ,fund4 ,little ,susan was one of these4 ,her unfinished sampler with the needle in it was sent to ,england4 ,the children's histories were many of them very sad and pathetic4 ,some were orphans4 ,the parents of others were disabled1 or too sick and suffering to work4 ,one little girl was described as having so wild a look that a portrait of her scarcely resembled that of a human being4 ,another1 after remaining for a time in the school1 fell ill with the strange ,indian sickness called #8long thinking1' a gypsy-like yearning for the wild life of the forest1 and she had to be sent back to her widowed father4 ,one boy died early of decline1 a complaint to which the ,indian is very subject4 ,another was the child of a father who lay sick and bed-ridden in a most deplorable condition--parts of his body actually rotten4 #8,he might' have been the ,lazarus of the parable1' wrote ,mr4 ,horden4 #8,he gets little rest night or day1 but1 like ,lazarus1 his mind is stayed on ,god4' ,a few children having thus been gathered together with the certainty of support1 ,mr4 ,horden commenced building a school-house4 ,he had from the first assembled the children for daily instruction1 but to board and clothe them was impossible without some friendly help1 all necessaries at ,moose being nearly double the price of the same articles at home4 ,at one time it was quite double4 ,from this we may gather with what delight was hailed1 as the season came round1 the arrival of the annual ship1 bringing to the missionary and his family the stores needed for themselves and their charges for the year to come4 ,in #ahfd very especially1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,horden awaited in eager expectation the ship's appearance1 for not only did they long to know that the wants of the school children and the poor who depended upon them would be supplied1 but they were hoping themselves to return in her with their little family for a well-earned rest and change in ,england1 from which country they had then been absent thirteen long years4 ,the three elder children were of an age to need an ,english education4 ,the little son1 a boy of nine or ten1 whose principal amusement was to go to the woods with an axe over his shoulder to cut firewood1 must1 ere it was too late1 be weaned from the free life in the forest1 and begin to measure his powers of mind and body with other lads of his age and class at home4 ,the wife and mother yearned to see the relatives parted from long ago2 the hard-worked man hoped for stimulus and help in the society and sympathy of his brethren and fellow-labourers4 ,these hopes and yearnings were doomed to disappointment4 #8,you know1' wrote ,mr4 ,horden on ,january #be1 #ahfe1 #8that it was my intention to be at home this year1 and ,i had expected to have reached ,england in ,october or the beginning of ,november4 ,but ,august passed and the ship did not arrive1 and anxiety increased daily4 ,the #bcrd came1 the latest day on which the ship had ever been known to appear1 and then we began to despond and to say1 8,no ship this year60 ,the schooner still remained outside1 hoping against hope1 until ,october #g4 ,that same night1 in the midst of a most fearful storm1 we heard the report of large guns at sea2 our excitement was extreme1 our hopes revived1 and from mouth to mouth passed the joyful exclamation1 8,the ship's come6 the ship's come60 ,we lay down to rest1 lightened of a great weight of anxiety1 dreaming of absent friends1 with a strange pleasant confusion of boxes1 storms1 ice1 guns1 and the many other etceteras of the sailing1 arrival1 and unloading of our ship4 #8,morning dawned1 the storm had subsided1 a boat was despatched for letters1 the schooner was again ordered to sea1 all hearts beat high1 and by ten o'clock our illusions were dispelled4 ,the guns had been fired by the ,york schooner1 which had been despatched to ,moose to acquaint us with our misfortune1 and to bring the little that had been saved from the wreck4 ,it was very little1 yet sufficient to remove anxiety as to our living for this winter1 as we thus became possessed of flour and tea1 which we can only obtain by the ship1 for in our wintry land no fields of wheat wave their golden heads1 and no sound of the reapers ever falls upon the ear4 ,of the many packages sent me1 the ,coral ,fund box was the only one which came to hand1 all the rest are at the bottom of the sea3 and of the contents of your box1 everything was much damaged1 except the service book1 now lying on the communion table at ,moose4 ,the packet-box was saved1 which accounts for my receiving your letter4 #8,the ,moose ship left ,england in company with the ,hudson's ,bay ,company's ship1 bound for ,york ,factory1 which is a post about seven hundred miles north of ,moose1 and came across the ,atlantic and nearly through ,hudson's ,straits without any mishaps4 ,on ,august #ac the two ships were together1 a few miles to the east of ,mansfield ,island2 the captains visited and congratulated each other upon having passed the most dangerous portion of the voyage1 and expected that within a week the one would be at ,york and the other at ,moose4 ,but how blind is man6 ,within a few hours both of them were ashore on ,mansfield ,island1 about twelve miles distant from each other4 ,the ,york ship had a very large number of men on board1 and by almost incredible exertions she was got off1 but not until she had sustained such damages as necessitated the constant use of the pumps4 ,the ,moose ship could not be got off1 and still lies with nearly all her valuable cargo on the rocks4 ,the ,york ship came to her and took all the crew on board1 together with what had been saved1 and proceeded to ,york ,factory4 ,there she was examined1 and then it appeared how near all had been to death2 the wonder was how she could possibly have kept afloat4 ,to return to ,england in her would have been madness1 so she still lies at ,york4 ,happily a second vessel had gone to ,york1 which took home nearly the whole of the crews of the two disabled ships4 #8,when ,i last wrote ,i asked for the service book for my new church2 that edifice has now1 ,i am happy to say1 been opened2 the interesting ceremony took place on ,whit-,sunday1 ,may #ae1 #ahfd4 ,the ice had entirely disappeared from the river2 the sun shone forth brilliantly1 all ,nature smiled4 ,a large congregation assembled at our usual hour for service1 and all seemed impressed with the solemnity of the occasion4 ,the subject of the sermon was the dedication of ,solomon's temple4 ,at its close the collection amounted to upwards of #dl41 and after that a number of ,europeans1 natives1 and ,indians1 assembled round the table of the ,lord4 ,it was the first time ,i ever administered a general communion1 many of the ,indians not understanding ,english2 but on this occasion ,i wished them to see that1 in spite of diversity of language1 ,god is alike the ,god of the white man and the red4 ,altogether it was a most interesting and happy day4 ,it is literally a church in the wilderness4 ,i hope it will not be long before others rise in this part of the country4 #8,i have lately heard of my poor ,eskimo brethren in the far-off desert2 that infant church has been much tried4 ,just one half of its members have been carried off by death2 there were but four1 two of whom are gone1 and both somewhat suddenly4 ,one of them was the young ,eskimo interpreter1 who when ,i was last with them was of such very great service to me4 ,late in the fall he went off in his kayak to set a fox trap4 ,he did so1 but as he was getting into the canoe to return home it upset with him1 and the coldness of the water prevented him from swimming4 ,his body was not discovered until the evening of the following day4 ,the other was the only baptized woman1 her name was ,elizabeth ,horden4 ,these trials must be necessary1 or they would not be sent4' ,,chapter ,,vii ,,first ,,return ,,to ,,england ,in #ahfe ,mr4 ,horden and his family came home2 the journey was a long and very anxious one4 #8,among the many dangerous voyages which our bold sailors undertake1' he writes1 #8there is none more dangerous1 or attended with more anxiety1 than the one to or from ,moose ,factory4 ,hudson's ,straits are dangerous1 ,hudson's ,bay fearfully so1 ,james's ,bay worst of all4 ,it is full of sunken rocks and shoals2 it is noted for its fogs4 #8,when the ship came1 it was in a somewhat disabled condition1 so severely had she been handled by the ice4 ,however1 we repaired her at ,moose1 and although it was very late in the season we determined1 putting ourselves in ,god's hands1 to trust ourselves in her4 ,we left ,moose with a fair wind1 which took us in safety over our long1 crooked1 and dangerous bar2 but we had not proceeded above half a day's sail before a heavy storm came upon us4 ,dangers were around us1 the dread of all coming to ,moose ,factory1 the ,gasket ,shoal1 was ahead2 the charts were frequently consulted2 the captain was anxious1 sleep departed from his eyes4 ,we are at the commencement of the straits2 we see land1 high1 rugged1 barren hills2 snow is lying in the valleys1 stern winter is already come2 it seems a home scarcely fit for the white bear and the walrus4 ,what are these solitary giants1 raising their heads so high1 and appearing so formidable8 ,they are immense icebergs which have come from regions still farther north1 and are now being carried by the current through ,hudson's ,straits into the ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,the glass speaks of coming bad weather1 the top-sails are reefed1 reefs are put to the main-sail2 and now it is on us1 the wind roars through the rigging1 the ship plunges and creaks4 ,night comes over the scene1 there is no cessation of the tempest2 it howls and roars1 it is a fearful night6 ,one of the boats is nearly swept away1 and is saved with difficulty2 we have lost some of our rigging2 one man is washed overboard1 and washed back again4 ,the sea breaks over the vessel1 and dashes into the cabin2 but ,one mightier has said1 8,hitherto shalt thou come1 and no farther40 ,by the morning1 the morning of the ,sabbath1 the wind had abated4' ,dreary weeks followed2 the time for arrival in ,england had long since passed1 and our travellers were still beating about in the ,atlantic4 ,luxuries had vanished1 comforts had departed1 necessaries were becoming very scarce1 and they began to ask each other1 #8,is ,england ever to be reached8' ,then the children saw a steamer for the first time in their lives1 and their surprise was great2 and now they pass vessel after vessel4 ,they are running up the ,english ,channel1 a pilot comes on board1 and on they go1 till they are safely moored in the ,west ,india ,docks4 ,now to a railway station and into a railway carriage1 out of that and into a cab through the busiest part of ,london2 the shops are brilliantly lighted up2 the children are at the windows1 their exclamations of surprise are incessant1 a new world is opened to their view--a world of bustle1 a world of life4 ,mr4 ,horden spent a busy year in ,england1 travelling1 as he expressed it1 #8from ,dan to ,beersheba1' speaking on behalf of #8his beloved people' and his work2 everywhere eliciting sympathy and interest4 ,in his absence from the station ,mr4 ,vincent of ,albany had gone to ,moose1 to provide for the spiritual wants of the flock and to keep the school going4 ,the children were examined before the ,christmas holidays in ,scripture and ,catechism and arithmetic1 after which they were rewarded with little presents sent in the bales from ,england4 ,he reported the mission as presenting a cheering aspect4 #8,from every quarter1' he writes1 #8the heathen are being gradually brought under the influence of the ,gospel2 we have much cause for encouragement1 but we also meet with opposition4 ,i visited an outpost in the ,rupert's ,river district last summer1 about five hundred and fifty miles distant from this station1 called ,mistasinnee4 ,both there and on the way ,i had frequent opportunities of preaching the ,gospel to anxious inquirers1 and before leaving that post ,i had forty-eight baptisms1 half the number being adults2 the trip occupied about two months4 ,we are having a very mild winter1 but not a favourable one for living1 as rabbits and partridges are very scarce4 ,sometimes we have a difficulty in making up something for dinner4 ,i hope1 however1 as the season advances1 we shall do better1 for partridges then will be returning to the northward1 and we may get a few in passing4' ,,chapter ,,viii ,,again ,,at ,,work ,at the end of the year ,mr4 ,horden returned to ,moose with his wife and two youngest children1 and that same year the homeward-bound ship was once more in imminent peril4 ,and now our hero began a series of long journeys1 the longest he had made--one occupying three months and covering nearly two thousand miles--amongst people of various languages4 ,he thus vividly describes it3 #8,i left ,moose ,factory for ,brunswick ,house in the afternoon of ,may #bj1 #ahfh4 ,the weather was very cold1 and on the following morning we left our encampment amidst a fall of snow4 ,all along the river banks the ice lay piled up in heaps1 occasionally forming a wall twenty feet high4 ,this ice was very detrimental to our progress2 it prevented the ,indians from tracking the canoe1 so that they were forced to use the paddle or pole1 which is harder work and does not permit of such rapid progress4 ,we got on pretty well until we came to where the river rushes with awful rapidity between high and almost perpendicular rocks3 it certainly appeared like travelling to destruction4 ,we had to cross the river several times1 so as to get where the current was weakest4 ,we had crossed twice1 and bad enough it was each time2 we were to cross the third time2 our guide demurred4 ,it could not be done with safety2 we should be driven down a foaming rapid and destroyed4 #8,but it was now just as dangerous to go backward as forward1 so1 after a little persuading1 the old man was induced to try4 ,i took a paddle1 and we got out into the middle of the stream1 paddling for our lives2 we were carried a considerable way down1 but the other side was reached in safety4 ,then we poled1 or tracked1 on1 as we best could1 very slowly1 until we had to cross again1 and so on until the first portage was reached4 ,over this we plod1 and again our canoe floats into the river2 then pole1 paddle1 or track until a majestic fall or a roaring rapid warned us to make another portage2 and so on1 again and again1 day after day4 #8,as we went towards the south we actually saw some trees beginning to bud4 ,on the very last day of ,may1 in the afternoon1 ,i reached ,brunswick ,house4 ,it is situated on a beautiful lake1 the whole establishment consisting of about five or six houses2 it is a fur-trading post4 ,the ,indians speak the ,saulteaux language2 there are about a hundred and fifty of them here2 they are quiet and teachable1 but given to pilfering and very superstitious4 ,to comfort they seem to be strangers1 lying about anywhere at night1 their principal resort being the platforms near the trading-house4 ,i believe that ,god's blessing rested on my labours among these ,indians4 ,this was their first introduction to the ,christian religion1 and ,i trust that ere long many will be numbered among ,christ's disciples4 #8,after remaining with them nine days1 ,i was obliged to hurry northward4 ,our progress was rapid1 the water was in good order4 ,a few days at ,moose1 and ,i went to the sea-coast to ,rupert's ,house4 ,i found between three and four hundred ,indians assembled there1 under the guidance of their teacher1 ,matamashkum4 ,our joy was great and mutual2 they have been heathens1 many of them have committed horrible crimes1 but those days have passed away1 and now they rejoice in the merits of a ,crucified ,saviour4 ,twice every day we had service1 almost out of doors1 for there was no available room at the place capable of containing all4 ,during the day ,i had examinations1 and baptisms1 and weddings1 and consultations2 and one afternoon we had a grand feast1 for the ,indians had made a good hunt1 and the fur-traders1 delighted with what they had done1 provided the feast for them4 ,there was nothing of dissipation4 ,eating and drinking was quite a serious matter with them1 and it was astonishing to see the quantities of pea-soup1 pork1 geese1 bread1 biscuit1 tobacco1 tea and sugar1 they consumed2 the providing a body of ,indians with a good feast is no light matter4 #8,having spent two ,sundays at ,rupert's ,house1 ,i took canoe and went to ,fort ,george1 northwards along the sea-coast4 ,for a portion of the way ,i had company1 as many ,indians were also going north4 ,this was the most pleasant of all the journeys2 the weather fine1 the scenery often grand1 the wind fair4 ,two hundred miles were made in four days and a half4 ,at ,fort ,george ,i met a good body of ,christian ,indians with their teacher1 ,william ,keshkumash4 #8,a few days here1 and ,i embarked on board a schooner1 to go yet further north1 to ,great ,whale ,river4 ,soon after getting out to sea we were among the ice2 however1 on we go4 ,it is the sea1 but there is no water6 ,we are in an ,arctic scene2 we cannot go through1 so we turn our head for ,fort ,george again1 and wait there for nearly another week1 and then try once more4 ,we get half way1 then1 as the vessel cannot move forward1 ,i leave it1 and accompanied by two native sailors proceed in a small boat4 ,two days bring us to an encampment of ,indians4 ,i now leave my boat and enter a canoe1 having with me ,keshkumash1 his wife1 and their young son2 two other canoes1 each containing a man and his wife1 keep us company4 ,we have to work in earnest4 ,sometimes we got along fast1 then we were in the midst of ice and could not move at all1 again we were chopping a passage for the canoe with our axes2 and then1 when we could do nothing else1 we carried it over the rocks and set it down where the ice was not so closely packed4 #8,after two days and a half of this we came to a standstill1 and ,i determined to go on foot4 ,i took one ,indian with me1 and we set off4 ,our walk was over high bare hills2 rivers ran through several of the valleys1 these we waded4 ,about ten o'clock that night ,i sat down once more in a house1 very1 very tired1 and very1 very thankful4 ,i spent several days with the ,indians of this place2 they are a large tribe of ,crees1 but speak somewhat differently from those of ,moose4 ,most of them believed the words that were spoken1 but some cared for none of those things1 being filled with their own superstitions4 #8,by-and-by the schooner ,fox made her appearance1 and ,i embarked once more1 to endeavour to get to the last inhabited spot1 ,little ,whale ,river4 ,we went half way1 and then the ice sent a hole through the ,fox's side2 this we covered with a sheet of lead4 ,i now again deserted the ,fox1 and took to the canoe1 in which1 in somewhat less than two days1 ,i got at last to my journey's end4 ,and that journey's end is a dreary1 dreary place1 with scarcely any summer4 ,it was ,august1 and the ice was lying thick at the mouth of the river4 ,but my work was not dreary4 ,i here met ,eskimo1 the most teachable of people4 ,they were very ready for school or service1 and although their attainments were not high1 so much was ,i impressed with their sincerity and perseverance1 that ,i admitted four families into the ,christian ,church4 ,this rewarded me for all my toil4 ,i can address them now as brothers and sisters2 and ,i am sure that all my friends will rejoice with me for the blessing with which ,god crowned my labour4 #8,i had my difficulties in getting back again2 ice still disputed our progress1 but on ,august #cj1 late in the evening1 the trusty ,fox1 battered and bruised1 came to anchor at ,moose ,factory1 and ,i had the happiness of once more meeting my family1 and of finding that all had been quite well during the whole of my absence4' ,about this time ,mr4 ,horden began to plead for help to train up one of the most promising of his school-boys as a catechist4 ,friends of the ,coral ,fund took up the lad1 and the money expended upon his education was not in vain1 for that boy is now a native pastor in charge of ,rupert's ,house4 ,of him and of his ordination we shall have more to relate by-and-by4 ,the school children in whom ,mr4 ,horden had first taken an interest were growing up4 ,some were already earning their living1 some were married2 one girl had gone with her husband to the ,red ,river settlement1 and was1 wrote ,mr4 ,horden1 in #ahfi1 in as respectable a sphere of life as any ,christian farmer's wife in ,england could be4 ,another had married a fine young ,moose ,fort hunter1 an excellent voyager4 ,after an absence of several months1 they with their little child came back to the place1 stayed a few days1 and again departed4 ,in ,may1 at the breaking-up of the river1 the ,indians came in4 ,one canoe ,mr4 ,horden felt sure was that of ,amelia and her husband1 and he at once went to see them4 #8,i saw1' he says1 #8first a fair little boy1 plump and hearty1 showing that great care had been taken of him4 ,i then cast my eye on a woman sitting near1 whom ,i took to be a stranger2 but another look showed me that the poor emaciated creature was indeed none other than ,amelia1 who had been brought to the brink of the grave by starvation4 ,she had lost her husband1 but in all her privations she had taken care that her baby son should not want4 ,the tale of her suffering was very distressing4 ,after leaving ,moose in the end of ,march1 they by themselves had gone to their hunting-grounds1 hoping to get a few furs to pay off the debt they had contracted with the fur-trader2 for in the early part of the winter they had been very unfortunate1 a wolverine having destroyed nearly all the martens they had trapped4 ,amelia's husband was soon attacked by sickness1 which entirely laid him by2 food was very scarce1 and the little the forest might yield he could not seek4 ,he gradually became worse and worse1 his sufferings aggravated by want1 his only source of consolation was his religion2 both expected to lay their bones1 as well as those of the child1 where they were4 ,he wrote a letter1 and got ,amelia to go and hang it up where some ,indians might pass in the summer1 stating their joint deaths and the cause1 and requesting burial4 ,the end came1 the once strong young man lay a corpse2 but ,amelia had something to live for--for her little son she would struggle on4 ,unable to dig a grave1 for she had no strength and the ground was frozen as hard as a stone1 she covered the body with moss1 and set off to the ,main ,moose ,river1 hoping there to fall in with ,indians4 ,she was not disappointed4 ,after a while she fell in with ,isaac ,mekawatch1 a ,moose ,indian1 who took care of her and her child1 and brought them in safety to the fort4 ,such incidents as this are amongst the sad experiences of life in ,moosonee4' ,in #ahgj ,mr4 ,horden wrote3 #8,i have this summer travelled about thirteen hundred miles1 and during a part of this time ,i experienced a considerable degree of hardship1 which brought me down greatly4 ,i am now1 however1 well as ever ,i have been in my life4 ,it was a very long journey1 and occupied many weeks1 yet ,i did not travel out of my parish all the time4 ,when ,i was at ,matawakumma1 five hundred miles south of ,moose1 ,i was upwards of eleven hundred miles from ,little ,whale ,river4 #8,i left ,moose on ,june #ac1 and overtook a boat going to the ,long ,portage1 with goods for the supply of ,new ,brunswick1 and ,i went forward in it4 ,travelling by boat is very monotonous work indeed4 ,at breakfast-time1 dinner-time1 and when the day's work was done1 we endeavoured to catch a few fish1 our rod a long rough stick cut from the woods1 a piece of strong cord for a line1 to which we attached a large hook baited with salt pork2 with this we would occasionally draw out a perch1 a trout1 a pike from six to twelve pounds in weight4 ,at the ,long ,portage ,i changed my mode of travelling1 my companions now using the canoe4 ,with my new friends ,i got on extremely well1 taking advantage of every opportunity to instruct them in divine things4 ,most of them received the instruction gladly1 but a few held back2 they love their old superstitions1 their conjurations1 dreams1 spirits1 and all the other things which so sadly debase the ,indian mind4 ,in due time ,new ,brunswick was reached1 and ,i at once began my work4 #8,the ,indians here1 before they had ever seen a missionary1 used to meet for prayer and exhortation1 having learnt a little from an ,indian who had seen one4 ,desirous of knowing how they conducted their service1 about which ,i had heard a great deal1 ,i arranged one evening to be present as a spectator4 ,they showed no shyness1 but consented at once4 #8,at the time appointed1 all being assembled1 one gave out the verse of a hymn1 which was sung by all2 another then repeated a text of ,scripture1 then a second verse of the hymn was sung1 followed by a second text2 all then knelt down1 ,i by the side of the old chief1 and about six began to pray aloud at the same time1 each in his own words4 ,ojibway's prayer was very simple1 of course1 but it was a cry to ,jesus for mercy2 and can we doubt that his prayer was heard8 ,kneeling by his side was one sent by ,god to show him the way of salvation4 #8,one of those who opposed the ,gospel said3 8,i would not give up my children to you for baptism on any account4 ,my eldest child has been twice so ill that ,i thought she would die1 but an ,indian1 by his charms1 saved her2 and recently a spirit appeared to me1 telling me to take heed and never give up my children1 for if ,i did1 he would no longer take care of them1 and they would die40 #8,i remained at ,brunswick until the ,indians departed to ,michipicoton for supplies of flour4 ,i went with them a little way1 and then on to ,flying ,post by a road untrodden by any save the ,indian on his hunting expeditions4 ,i found it a terrible route--the worst ,i have ever travelled--but having no one to think of but myself1 ,i did not mind it--,i was about my ,master's business4 ,in due time we reached ,flying ,post4 ,our last portage was eight miles of truly horrible walking2 it cost us many weary hours4 #8,the ,indians of ,flying ,post evinced a great desire for instruction4 ,this was my first visit2 ,i baptized seventeen persons4 ,from ,flying ,post ,i went on to ,matawakumma4 ,at ,matawakumma the ,indians are decreasing1 as at ,flying ,post4 ,the decay of a people brings sad reflections1 and the ,indians seem doomed to extinction4 ,i found a church partly built under the guidance of their trader1 ,mr4 ,richards1 who takes a deep interest in his ,indians' welfare4 ,a bell and a set of communion plate ,i hope to get out next ship time2 the little church in the wilderness will then be tolerably well furnished4 #8,i here made the largest comparative collection ,i have ever made in my life1 no less than #hl4 #bs4 #h;d4 ,the poor people were truly liberal in their poverty1 and some of these poor sheep for the first time approached the table of the ,lord4 ,some of them are very intelligent1 can read well1 and thoroughly understand their ,christian responsibilities and appreciate their privileges4 ,and now1 my work done1 ,i turn my canoe-head ,mooseward1 and pass over grand lakes1 down a large river1 run the rapids1 admire the falls1 carry over the portages1 hurrying towards the sea1 and after an absence of between eight and nine weeks ,i found myself once more in the bosom of my family4' ,,chapter ,,ix ,,days ,,of ,,labour ,nothing perhaps could give a better idea of ,mr4 ,horden's gigantic labours than an account of a day's work at different times4 ,a ,sunday in the winter of #ahga is thus spent by him4 #8,while it was yet dark1' he says1 #8at half-past six o'clock the church bells summoned us to the house of prayer2 the cold was severe1 but ,i found a tolerable congregation awaiting me1 and the service was very enjoyable4 ,the congregation dismissed1 ,i returned home to breakfast1 and soon afterwards went to the church again for our ,english service4 ,this is conducted precisely as in a church at home2 the full service is read1 and we use one prayer which you do not1 for the ,governor-,general of ,canada and the ,lieutenant-,governor of the ,hudson's ,bay ,territories4 ,the congregation is composed of the deputy-governor1 his family and his staff of clerks1 and the doctor--not one of whom is ever absent1 and all but one are communicants--my own family1 and the servants ,european and native of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company4 ,after the sermon a general offertory was made1 and then the communicants met around the ,lord's table1 there to renew their vows1 and to partake of that spiritual food which was ordained to strengthen them in their heavenly course4 #8,at a quarter to two the bell was rung for school1 and a few minutes after ,i was with the scholars1 on my knees seeking a blessing on our meeting together4 ,school over1 our second ,indian service commenced with a larger congregation than in the early morning1 for young children can be brought out now4 ,there is again a departure from the church1 yet some remain1 and those1 as their ,english-speaking brethren had done in the morning1 commemorate their dying ,saviour's love4 ,in all thirty have communicated4 ,the shades of evening are falling as ,i leave the church1 after a fatiguing1 but blessed day's work4' ,the necessity was laid upon ,mr4 ,horden of being like ,st4 ,paul1 #8in journeyings oft1' and the day's work we have now to speak of was one of journeying4 #8,last summer1' he says1 #8,i was on my way to ,rupert's ,house4 ,a large boat just built was going there1 and ,i took a passage in it4 ,it was loaded with a miscellaneous cargo of bricks1 potatoes1 a stove1 bags of flour1 and bales of goods4 ,the crew was composed of ,rupert's ,house ,indians1 fine manly fellows1 and all ,christians4 ,leaving ,moose somewhat late in the day1 we went but a short distance and encamped on an island1 eight miles off1 called ,ship-sands4 ,here we set up our tent and cooked our supper2 then we gathered together1 and joined our voices in a hymn of praise4 ,i read a portion of ,scripture1 and we all knelt in prayer to the ,god of heaven and earth1 and not long after lay down to rest4 ,at midnight there was an arrival1 and ,i was aroused from sleep by my guide1 with the cry of 8,musenahekun6 ,musenahekun60 ,a packet6 a packet6 ,these are magic words4 ,i started to my feet in an instant1 for not since ,february had ,i seen a letter from home1 and it was now ,june #ag4 ,it was1 however1 but a poor affair1 containing no private letters from ,england1 and but little public news4 ,the real packet ,i welcomed at ,rupert's ,house nearly a month later4 #8,in the early morn we spread our sails to the wind and went joyously forward4 ,the east point of ,hannah ,bay is reached1 and it now seems that further progress is impossible2 there is ice1 ice2 block after block is pushed aside2 hoisting sail1 back we go1 to round a projecting point4 ,we are in a narrow1 crooked lane of water1 through which we move very carefully1 with poles in hand1 ready to do battle with any piece of ice which lies in our way1 and so hour after hour slips by1 and all hopes of reaching ,rupert's ,house are at an end2 but towards evening our labours are crowned with success1 and the clear sea stretches before us4 ,there is no place to land4 ,we set our best man at the helm1 and taking reefs in our sails1 trust to the protection of the ,almighty4 ,i think it was the most uncomfortable night ,i have ever spent4 #8,in the early morning the wind abated4 ,we once more set sail1 and traversed beautiful ,rupert's ,bay1 with its varied scenery of hill and valley1 wooded headlands and bare rocks1 ,gheiles ,mount1 the highest eminence in this part of the country1 rising majestically above all4 ,by and by1 the ,north ,point is reached1 and we enter ,rupert's ,river4 ,we have been seen at ,rupert's ,house1 the flag is waving in the breeze2 the few houses form a pretty picture in the morning light2 and just before seven o'clock ,i am heartily welcomed by a crowd of ,europeans and natives1 who come down to the river's bank to meet me1 as ,i get out of the boat4' ,rupert's ,house is an important post of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company1 and the centre of their fur trade in a very extensive district4 ,the business is managed by a trader high in the ,hudson's ,bay service1 assisted by a clerk1 a storekeeper1 and a staff of tradesmen and servants2 the buildings consist of the master's residence1 houses for the servants1 large and substantially built stores1 and last1 though not least1 a capacious church4 #8,that church1' says ,mr4 ,horden1 #8how long ,i had sighed for it2 how hard ,i had laboured one summer getting logs brought to the place from distant woods1 and sawn into boards for the commencement of the building6 ,and now ,i see a stream of worshippers flowing from tents and marquees1 gradually filling it1 until there is scarcely room for another human being4 ,what joy and gratitude did ,i feel6 ,this is the fifth church in my district since ,moose became my home2 my next must be four hundred miles from ,rupert's ,house1 for the ,saulteaux ,indians of ,new ,brunswick4 #8,there goes the bell6 it is just six o'clock4 ,i had service every morning at ,rupert's ,house1 but this morning there is an innovation1 ,i am one of the assembly1 not the leader2 ,i have deputed an ,indian to conduct the service1 and right well he performs his duty4 ,the ,litany is very impressively rendered1 and a chapter of ,st4 ,matthew well read4 ,the numerous voices mingle in their translation of 8,he dies1 the friend of sinners dies0--,nepeu1 umra ka sakehat--to ,luther's hymn2 then ,i take the ,testament and once more read the chapter and explain it1 enforcing its lessons on my hearers2 the hymn1 8,lord1 dismiss us with ,thy blessing10 is sung1 and the congregation separates4 #8,it is time for breakfast4 ,i take mine with my kind host1 the trader1 who is not only an ,english gentleman1 but a ,churchman and communicant4 ,at nine o'clock ,i am in my vestry1 and around me are the servants' children4 ,i am in a small ,english school1 reading the ,english ,testament1 teaching ,english hymns1 till eleven1 when my ,indians come to me family by family4 #8,here is ,jacob ,matamashkum4 #88,well1 ,jacob1 how did you get on last winter80 #88,part of it very badly1 part tolerably well4 ,it was a poor season for furs1 martens entirely failed1 and none of the other animals made up for the deficiency2 many of the ,indians will be quite unable to pay their debts to the trader4 ,we had our prayers every day1 and we kept the ,sabbath1 but once now and then we were obliged to look for some food on ,sunday when we had nothing4 ,we love our religion more and more1 and are very glad indeed we have the church to assemble in40 #8,then ,i gave my instructions1 assured that1 as far as possible1 they would be attended to4 ,and so the hours passed by4 ,at four o'clock ,i had a very solemn service2 two gentlemen1 one more than seventy years of age1 and the other in middle life1 both from far in the interior of the country1 knelt together for the first time in their lives at the ,lord's table2 the elder had not seen a clergyman for upwards of a quarter of a century4 ,at six o'clock it is ding-dong1 ding-dong1 again1 and again the voice of praise is raised1 prayer offered1 the ,bible read and explained1 and the congregation then separated to their fragile and temporary dwellings4 ,yet once more the bell calls to prayer2 the master1 the gentlemen from the interior1 the servants1 their wives and children obey the summons1 and ,i hold an ,english service1 enjoyable and enjoyed4 ,at its termination ,i take a short walk1 reflecting on the day's events1 offering up a silent prayer that ,god would vouchsafe ,his blessing thereon abundantly4' ,,chapter ,x ,,the ,,bishopric ,,of ,,moosonee ,the summer of #ahgb passed4 ,on ,september #ac of that year ,mr4 ,horden wrote to the present writer3 #8,your much prized letter reached me a day or two before ,i set out on one of my longest and most trying journeys1 from which ,i have but just returned4 ,i took your letter with me1 and indulged myself with an occasional perusal of it2 it has been to many of the posts of the country1 has journeyed over some of our terrible portages1 and has sailed over many a lake through the 8forgotten land10 as it may well be called1 for it is waiting1 and will long wait1 to be taken possession of4 ,the ,indians cannot be said to hold possession1 they are so few in number1 and the country is so vast1 that one unacquainted with it can have no conception of its extent4 ,fancy travelling a whole fortnight1 and during that time not seeing one hundred persons4 ,a feeling of great sadness sometimes crept over me as my solitary canoe glided over the bosom of some beautiful sea-like lake2 myself and canoe-men were alone in the wilderness4 ,i shall 7,d4,v47 write you again in ,february1 when ,i hope to send you as usual a 8little budget40' ,little did the hero of our history imagine when he wrote those last lines that a new era was even then about to open in his eventful life4 ,our readers1 who have thus far followed his steps with interest1 will learn1 we feel assured1 with heartfelt sympathy1 that the well-tried and devoted missionary1 the faithful friend and pastor of his flock during so many years1 was now to become the missionary bishop of the newly-formed diocese of ,moosonee1 formerly a portion of the enormous diocese of ,rupertsland4 ,at short notice he started for ,england1 leaving wife and children at ,moose1 for he was not to be long absent4 ,he was consecrated at ,westminster ,abbey on ,december #ae1 #ahgb4 ,in the few short months which he spent at home the new bishop pleaded hard1 and not without response1 for assistance to carry out his plans for advancing and consolidating his former work in what was henceforth to be his diocese1 stretching #a1ejj miles from east to west and north to south1 inhabited by ,crees1 ,ojibbeways and ,eskimo1 together with some ,europeans and half-castes4 ,as a missionary he had the joy of witnessing the conversion of the greater part of those children of the wilderness1 and now1 as a missionary bishop1 his heart was set on the raising up of a native ministry1 supported as far as possible by native resources4 ,in this some progress had already been made4 ,his plan was to divide the diocese into five districts1 each of them superintended by a fully qualified pastor1 who would be assisted by two or three other ,indian clergymen1 whose training would be confined to a thorough knowledge of their ,bibles and ,prayer-books in their own language4 ,these men would accompany the members of their own tribes to their hunting-grounds1 and as they would be able in a great measure to support themselves1 they would require but a comparatively small allowance for their maintenance4 ,this was his purpose1 and what he purposed he had with the ,divine assistance1 which he ever sought1 never yet failed to carry out4 ,all praise to ,thee1 my ,father and my ,god4 ,thus far ,thy love has brought me on life's road2 ,day after day ,thy mercy was renewed1 ,night after night my safety been secured4 444 ,more like to ,jesus ,i would daily grow1 ,through whom redemption1 love1 and mercy flow2 ,more loving1 holy1 generous1 resigned1 ,thoughtless of self1 the friend of all mankind4 ,thus was the newly consecrated bishop moved to sing4 ,at home in ,moose again1 with his dear wife and children1 ,bishop ,horden hastened to buckle to his beloved work2 but he found time to write a graphic account of his homeward journey1 in which he had as his companion his second daughter1 who had just left school2 the eldest was already at ,moose4 ,they travelled vi ,new ,york to ,michipicoton1 and thence the remainder of the long1 long journey by canoe1 #8encamping1' wrote the bishop1 #8in woods under a canvas marquee1 waited on by ,indians1 travelling through perfect solitudes for days without seeing any human being other than our crew4 ,it was on the morning of ,tuesday1 ,july #h1 that we stepped into our canoe1 having four ,indian companions4 ,we went up the river slowly against the stream4 ,then came a long portage1 where we carried everything1 and this detained us many hours2 then on and on till night4 ,then we put ashore1 lit our fire1 erected our tent1 fried our pancakes1 boiled our kettles1 made our beds1 and having partaken of a good supper1 we assembled our men around us1 and they knelt in prayer to the ,father in heaven2 then1 shutting the tent's frail door1 we lay down to rest4 #8,the feeling was strange3 so many months had elapsed since the ground had been my bed4 ,sleep did not come at once1 and thoughts were busy on the past and the future4 ,presently ,i slept soundly until the early morn1 when we were awakened to pursue our way4 ,we were off by five o'clock1 and during the day travelled mostly among large lakes4 ,there were no birds1 no creatures of any kind visible1 except when we were crossing the portages1 and here we saw quite enough of the dreaded mosquito4 ,on the third day we came upon two men engaged in erecting a house1 which was to be a trading post in opposition to the great traders of the country1 the ,hudson's ,bay ,company4 ,on our fifth night1 when we were not very far from ,new ,brunswick1 we were so troubled by mosquitoes that we could get no sleep1 and we were not at all sorry when the light of the early morn allowed us to pursue our way over a bare and swampy portage4 #8,this ended1 we once more got into our canoe1 and in a few hours found ourselves at the little post of ,new ,brunswick4 ,here were some ,indians1 but not very many1 and with them ,i spent the day1 praying with and teaching them4 ,they are as yet mere infants in the faith1 knowing but little2 but ,i would fain hope that much good has been already effected by the preaching of the ,gospel4 ,they were very low1 but some among them have already been baptized1 and are walking consistently4 ,the new trader they have among them is an old friend1 who takes deep interest in the spiritual welfare of those who come to him for the purposes of trade4 #8,work done1 we once more entered our canoe1 passed through ,brunswick ,lake out into the broad ,brunswick branch of the ,moose ,river1 and here our real troubles began4 ,it rained heavily for several days4 ,it was bad enough in the canoe1 but it was much worse on the portages4 ,fancy a narrow rough path through the woods1 with thick bushes on either side1 and the path deep in mud and water4 ,i was much afraid my dear daughter ,chrissie would suffer from such exposure1 but she bore up cheerfully1 and proved herself an expert traveller4 #8,when the portages were passed we had #aej miles further to go2 but the wind became fair1 and we almost flew over the water4 ,on ,tuesday morning1 ,july #bb1 we rounded the head of ,moose ,island1 and our home stood before us4 ,there was a great running and calling1 and a hoisting of flags4 ,the guns gave their loud welcome1 and the dear ones who had been left behind came out to greet us2 and there was joy--deep1 oh1 how deep and grateful6 for ,god had indeed dealt very graciously with us4 ,our first evening passed4 ,it has left the impression of a pleasant dream4 ,i cannot record our sayings and doings--our exclamations1 our tones of joy and sorrow as we spoke of this friend's success1 or that one's distress3 of this one being born1 and that one dying2 it was an evening unique in our history4 ,we had no 8pemmican10 for we are not in the land of the buffalo2 it is an article of food unknown here4 ,neither had we 8salt goose10 a viand which takes the place of the pemmican2 we had something better for that evening6 #8,i at once set to work2 life is too short and precious to waste much of it2 and since then every day has been crowded4 ,i sometimes scarcely know what to do first1 and yet ,i find time to sit down and write a line or two to a friend4 ,the way ,i manage it is this4 ,i get my work of translation forward by devoting to it a few extra hours daily1 knowing that a packet time will come1 and that it is necessary that every hour of packet week must be given up to writing2 the bonds of ,christian friendship must not be lightly broken4 ,the translation work is very heavy and trying4 ,this is what ,i have accomplished since ,i returned in ,july3 ,i have revised our ,indian hymn-book1 adding to it a large number of new hymns4 ,i have translated all the first lessons between the tenth ,sunday after ,trinity and the first ,sunday in ,lent1 as well as some for many of the holy days4 ,what ,i wish to accomplish is the ,psalter1 the first lessons1 and the ,new ,testament1 to be bound up in one volume4 ,if ,i go on as ,i have done1 ,i may get the whole ready in twelve months from this time4 ,i shall give myself no rest until my people have the whole of the ,word of ,god in their hands4' ,thus the good bishop worked on1 happy in the conviction that if things were not hurrying onward to perfection1 they were at least moving slowly in the right direction--his exertions being helped by his ,heavenly ,father1 to whom he attributed all progress4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,a ,,picnic ,,and ,,an ,,indian ,,dance ,the year #ahgd was an eventful one at ,moose2 the breaking-up of the ice brought with it a flood1 and the bishop and his family had to be fetched in a canoe to the house of the deputy-governor for safety4 ,the moving ice masses tore up the river bank1 broke down the fences1 snapped trees as if they had been reeds2 whilst an incessant roar was kept up as the mile-wide river rushed madly on towards the sea4 ,crops were backward and sparse that season4 ,in ,july the bishop started on his summer visitation tour to ,rupert's ,house1 ,east ,main1 and ,fort ,george4 ,everywhere he was received with open arms2 everywhere the services were well attended2 at each of the posts visited many were baptized and confirmed4 ,by ,september the bishop was back again1 busy amongst his ,indians and with the ,european sailors who had spent perforce a whole year in the vicinity1 the ship of #ahgc having been ice-bound off ,charlton ,island2 there was no place nearer at hand at which she could winter in safety4 ,but the captain1 mate1 and some of the men had visited ,moose during the summer1 and every opportunity of communication had been taken advantage of4 ,now they were occupied in cleaning the ship and making ready for a fresh start homewards4 ,late one night1 just before she set sail1 the bishop and his wife accompanied their newly-married daughter on board1 their eldest--the child whom ,bishop ,anderson had baptized4 ,all hands were invited aft2 a last solemn and affecting farewell service was held4 ,the annual ship came and went1 and the good folks at ,moose began to feel at once that winter was at the door4 ,the weather1 though still warm1 could not be long depended upon4 #8,we begin1' wrote the bishop1 #8to take up our potatoes2 that done1 we look well to our buildings1 to prevent as far as possible the entrance of frost2 then we endeavour to lay in a stock of fish for the winter1 some of which are salted while others are frozen--in which state they keep good almost all the winter2 after that1 pigs and cattle are killed1 and cut up1 and allowed to freeze4 ,then the great labour of the season begins--the cutting and hauling of firewood1 for we have no coals here4 ,we send men armed with large axes into the thick woods1 and there they chop down tree after tree1 strip off the branches1 cut them into billets about three feet long1 split them and pile them into a 8cord40 ,a cord is a pile of billets eight feet long and four feet high1 one and a half of such being considered a fair day's work for a man4 ,then other men come with horses and oxen1 harnessed to sledges1 and haul the wood to our respective houses1 near which it is replied4 ,then the men are sent further off to get logs for building purposes1 which are rafted down the river on the breaking-up of the ice4 #8,my young son ,bertie delights in chopping1 and in winter both ,bertie and ,beatrice delight in tobogganing1 which gives them capital exercise4 ,a piece of wood about six feet long1 ten inches broad1 and a quarter of an inch thick1 is turned up a little in front1 and is then called a sled2 this is brought to the edge of the river's bank1 which is in some places very steep4 ,bertie sits down in front1 armed with a short stick to guide the sled2 his sister sits down behind him1 and down they rush with amazing speed1 the impetus carrying them far out on the frozen river2 then they trudge up the bank1 bringing the sled with them1 and the process is repeated again and again4 ,as this sort of exercise is a little too violent for a person of middle age1 ,i don't engage in it now4 ,then there is the fishing4 ,walking out two or three miles in snow-shoes1 a gipsy tent is made in the woods2 holes are cut in the thick ice1 a pile of pine brush is brought from the woods2 and then comes the sitting and shivering at the hole1 bobbing a baited hook up and down1 perhaps the pleasure of catching a fish1 then the pleasure of cooking it1 and then the pleasure of eating it4' ,during the cold of this year's winter the bishop allowed himself a rare holiday--the only one1 indeed1 with the exception of those connected with ,christmas-tree doings1 ever recorded by him in his many letters to us4 ,availing himself of an unusually fine warm day in ,february1 he held a grand picnic with his family and friends1 driving out four or five miles in dog and horse sleighs1 taking dinner in a large comfortable tent1 with a fine fire in the centre1 and then going down to the river and fishing through holes cut in the ice4 #8,bobbing our hooks1 baited with either a piece of fat pork or rabbit1 until a hungry trout made a dart at it1 we generally succeeded1' he says1 #8in drawing it through the thick ice on to the snow1 where in a short time he became frozen hard2 for when ,i say that we had a warm day1 ,i mean the thermometer stood but a little below zero4' ,yes1 there sat the bishop and his children and friends on pine brush on the ice1 quite enjoying themselves6 #8,we got home very nicely in the evening1 but the cold was then becoming severe1 and as the wind was high we should have been very uncomfortable indeed had we been out much later4 ,with all the drawbacks1 ,i am very happy here at ,moose4 ,i have no time for kushkaletumowin1 or 8thinking long40 ,were the day thirty hours instead of twenty-four1 ,i should still find it too short4 ,each year finds me busier than its predecessor1 and so ,i suppose it will continue to the end4 ,the happiest man is he who is most diligently employed about his ,master's business4 ,i have before me for next summer a most extensive journey2 ,i go to ,red ,river to attend the first meeting of our provincial synod1 and then to ,york ,factory1 travelling over four thousand miles4' ,the school1 under the bishop's own immediate superintendence1 was going on well1 the scholars making good progress4 ,one boy1 out of school hours1 was employed in chopping wood for the school fire4 ,another had accompanied the bishop in all his last summer journeyings1 behaving in an exemplary manner4 ,a third1 ,edward ,richards1 was already very useful1 assisting as a master in the school4 ,the ,indians are very fond of their children1 and perhaps a little over-indulgent4 ,the spoilt children are sometimes disobedient4 ,the bishop gives an amusing description of parental admonition on one occasion at a distant camp4 #8,i had been1' he says1 #8away from home for some time1 and hoped before night to arrive at ,east ,main4 ,i had reached a part of the coast opposite the large island ,wepechenite1 8the ,walrus10 when ,i observed a body of ,indians standing on a rock1 watching us4 ,here was an opportunity not to be missed2 those ,indians might not hear the ,gospel again for years4 ,i at once directed my men to look out for a good landing-place1 and ,i got ashore4 ,my men also came ashore1 and began collecting wood for the purpose of cooking breakfast4 ,in the meantime the ,indians1 seeing our movements1 got their canoes into the water2 they did not come empty-handed1 but brought a large number of fine white fish1 called by them ,atikamakwuk--8deer of the sea10 some dried1 others fresh1 just taken from the nets4 ,i collected all our visitors to a service1 at which many children were to be baptized4 ,the deepest attention was paid4 ,the morning hymn was heartily sung1 for these ,indians are all ,christians4 ,the discourse is being delivered when there is a great stir among the congregation2 faces look excited1 voices are raised1 apparently in anger4 ,for a moment ,i was at a loss to account for this2 then ,i saw that it was my address that was taking effect1 although not quite in the way ,i had intended4 ,i was speaking to the young people1 telling them their duty to their parents4 ,the mothers thought this an opportunity not to be passed over1 so1 raising their voices1 they cried out to their daughters1 8,do you hear8 ,isn't this what we are always telling you80 ,then1 rushing at them1 they brought them to the front1 saying1 8,come here1 that he may see you2 let him see how ashamed you look1 you disobedient children60 ,turning to me they said1 8,yes1 they are disobedient1 they will not listen2 perhaps now they have heard you they will behave better40 ,the young people promised better conduct for the future4 ,the service over1 we once more took to our canoe1 and paddled on under the hottest sun1 ,i think1 ,i have ever experienced4' ,it was during this summer trip that the bishop witnessed an ,indian dance4 #8,i had travelled far1' he says4 #8,i had visited the stations on the ,east ,main coast1 and had been some time at ,little ,whale ,river4 ,it is a dreary place1 and the mighty1 frowning1 rocky portals of the river seem fitted for the entrance to other regions1 to another world4 ,i had spent much time preaching the ,gospel to ,europeans1 half-castes1 ,indians1 and ,eskimo1 and ,i was intending almost immediately to turn the bow of my canoe southwards1 and speed back as fast as possible to my home at ,moose ,factory4 #8,walking out one evening with the gentleman in charge of the post1 we were somewhat startled by a great noise proceeding from an encampment of ,indians a quarter of a mile distant1 on the top of a high hill4 8,a conjuring1 a conjuring extraordinary60 said we4 ,we ascended the hill quietly1 and quite unobserved4 ,having attained the summit1 we walked rapidly towards a large tent from which the noise was proceeding1 and looked in1 but at first could make out nothing distinctly4 ,we entered1 and found six or seven men standing as closely together as possible around a very small fire1 dancing1 or rather shuffling up and down1 without in the least changing their position2 the women and children were sitting around1 admiring and applauding spectators of the doings of their lords and masters4 ,there was music1 too1 both vocal and instrumental4 ,the player was likewise the vocalist2 he was an old man1 who sat among the women and children2 his instrument an old kettle1 over which a piece of deer-skin had been tightly drawn1 and this he beat with a stick1 accompanying with his cracked voice1 raised to its highest pitch4 ,the dancing and music continued for some hours1 but about every five minutes there was a momentary cessation1 when all in the tent joined in a prolonged howl4 ,all seemed to thoroughly enjoy the sport1 and ,i was myself glad to see it1 for it was no conjuring after all1 only a little simple amusement1 and it was the first sign of animation ,i had witnessed among those ,indians1 who are not of a very high type of humanity4 ,they are now all ,christians1 but the standard of ,christianity is low--how can it be otherwise8 ,i am the nearest clergyman to them1 and ,i am six hundred miles distant4 ,the difficulty of reaching them is very great1 for the sea in their vicinity is open but for a short time in the whole year4 ,this summer ,i had hoped to see a labourer stationed among them and the teachable ,eskimo1 but for the present ,i have been disappointed4' ,the bishop's thoughts were much occupied with the need for more churches and schools1 more pastors and teachers1 in his extensive diocese4 ,in #ahge he writes3 #8,at present there are three clergymen in the diocese besides myself1 and the work we have to do is very great and onerous4 ,i have given1 ,god's grace enabling me to do so1 more than twenty years of my life to the cause which is so close to my heart1 and ,i long to see the whole of the country under my charge not only free from superstition1 but likewise entirely under the sway of ,christ1 that there shall not be a tribe1 either among the ,crees1 ,ojibbeways1 or ,eskimo1 which has not its well-instructed and fully-accredited teacher4 ,many of the tribes do not see a minister's face for years4' ,bishop ,horden had now been actively engaged in the mission field nearly a quarter of a century4 ,on ,january #f1 #ahgf1 he writes3 #8,during the whole of that time ,i have not been laid up with any serious illness whatever1 and ,i am thankful to add that ,i still feel as strong in body and as capable of work as when ,i first landed here2 truly ,god has surrounded me with loving-kindness and tender mercy2 but in the course of last year ,he taught me1 in a manner not to be misunderstood1 that the threads of my life are held in ,his hand1 for ,he plucked me from the very jaws of death4 #8,with a large number of fellow-passengers ,i was on board the steamship ,manitoba1 on ,lake ,superior1 on my way to ,michipicoton1 when late in the evening we came into collision with the ,american steamship the ,comet1 a vessel more than twice the size of our own1 laden with a heavy cargo of silver ore and pig-iron4 ,that we escaped without material injury seemed quite miraculous1 for the ,comet sank immediately1 and with her1 ,i am grieved to add1 eleven of her crew of twenty-one men4 ,i trust that this nearness to death1 showing me how uncertain is life1 is causing me to value it more highly1 and to labour more earnestly in the vineyard before the night cometh in which no man can work4' ,,chapter ,,xii ,,organisation ,,and ,,travel ,the marked feature of the year #ahge was the organisation of the four dioceses1 into which the old diocese of ,rupertsland was divided1 into an ecclesiastical province1 the first synod of which was held in the beginning of ,august4 ,this necessitated the bishop's going to ,winnipeg1 ,red ,river1 a journey of fifteen hundred miles4 #8,in going ,i visited the stations of ,new ,brunswick1 ,misenabe1 and ,michipicoton4 ,at ,new ,brunswick much progress is being made2 most of the ,indians are now baptized1 and as the present agent of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company there is a great friend of missions1 and one who will do all in his power for the spiritual benefit of those attached to his trading post1 ,i hope it will not be long before heathenism will have taken its entire departure1 and ,christianity be the professed religion of that important portion of my charge4 ,from all the stations ,i receive good reports1 but before that advance can be made for which we so deeply long1 we must have more labourers4 ,we are so few1 and the field is so large4 ,in the autumn the mission was strengthened by the arrival of the ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,keen from ,england1 and a valuable gift he is proving himself to be4 ,i trust another man equally good will be sent next autumn4 #8,in ,may ,i hope to set apart ,mr4 ,saunders1 a native of the country1 for the work of the ministry among his countrymen 7the ,ojibbeways74 ,thus ,i shall be enabled to occupy three most important posts1 so that1 should ,i further carry out my plans1 ,i shall consider that ,i have the diocese tolerably well in hand4 ,the places ,i hope to occupy are ,rupert's ,house1 to which an immense extent of country looks as its head2 ,matawakumma1 which will guard the frontier from ,roman ,catholic encroachment2 and ,whale ,river1 opening up communication with the interesting but much neglected ,eskimo of the north-eastern coast of ,hudson's ,bay4 ,another place1 ,flying ,post1 ,i had likewise hoped to supply with a permanent competent teacher1 but the man intended for it1 a pure ,indian1 will not be ready this year4' ,the ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,keen had been assisting the bishop at ,moose1 but the people at ,rupert's ,house were still without a missionary1 so at ,christmas he was given up to them1 and the bishop took the work at ,moose ,fort alone4 ,the ,christmas ,day services began ere the stars had disappeared from the firmament1 and continued till late in the afternoon4 #8,after this1' he writes1 #8,i felt considerably fatigued1 but a cup of tea revived me1 and ,i spent a quietly happy evening with my wife and youngest children4' ,in the following summer the bishop joined ,mr4 ,keen at ,rupert's ,house4 #8,among those who came down to meet me1' he says1 #8were our old friends ,matamashkum1 ,wapunaweshkum1 ,snuffers1 and many others4 ,our joy was mutual4 #8,soon arrived the brigades from ,mistasinnee1 ,waswanepe1 and ,nitchekwun1 hundreds of miles up the ,rupert's ,river4 ,we were busy morning1 noon1 and night4 ,every moment was employed1 for these children of ours would have but a few days' intercourse with their father1 and then would again return to their distant homes4 ,we had marriages to perform1 many children to baptize1 candidates for confirmation to prepare1 communicants to instruct1 the disobedient to rebuke4 ,there was not much of this1 however1 and the days ran rapidly and happily on4 ,the ,psalter1 beautifully printed from my translation1 had come to us the previous ship time1 and the ,indians were delighted4 ,after a little while it was most cheering to hear how well they read together their appointed portions4 ,they gave me a very good collection1 a good number of beaver2 that is to say1 they did not give me a large pile of beaver skins1 but our native teacher1 ,jacob ,matamashkum1 had made a list of all the ,indians1 and after each name he had written down the man's contribution in beaver4 ,when the list was completed it was given to the resident trader1 who credited me with three shillings for each beaver4 ,altogether it amounted to a considerable sum4' ,some time after this the bishop made a voyage in the ,mink to ,big ,river and ,great ,whale ,river1 both on the eastern coast of ,hudson's ,bay4 ,at ,great ,whale ,river the work was of a varied character1 amongst ,indians1 ,eskimo1 and ,english4 ,the ,eskimo were assembled in some numbers for the whale fishery4 ,but it was not a success that season4 ,the whales1 or rather porpoises1 remained outside the river1 and would not come in4 #8,a whale fishery when the whales are numerous is a very exciting sight4 ,i myself1' says the bishop1 #8have engaged in a fishery in which a thousand were killed1 but that was many years ago4 ,the ,eskimo gave much cause for encouragement2 no matter what they were about1 when summoned to school or service the work was dropped instantly1 their little books were taken up1 and off they trotted1 singing1 listening1 praying2 they showed that they were thoroughly in earnest4' #8,how grieved was my heart that ,i had no one to leave behind who might take the ,eskimo as his special charge6' says the bishop4 ,but the man desired was even then approaching ,moose ,fort in the annual ship4 ,it was ,mr4 ,peck1 a layman1 who had spent some of the earlier years of his life as a sailor4 #8,it was by searching the ,scriptures in my mess on board one of ,h4,m4's vessels that the light shone into my darkened soul2 it was then ,i knew its truth1' he says4 ,the bishop was much pleased with the earnestness and evident fitness for the work of the young missionary4 ,after remaining at ,moose only a week1 the latter set out in a boat with three or four ,indians for his distant and lonely home4 ,after a few months he returned to ,moose to be ordained4 #8,the two events of the winter1' writes the bishop1 ,february #ahgh1 #8have been the children's school-treat and the ordination of ,mr4 ,peck4 ,the treat was a great success4 ,fifty-six partook of our hospitality4 ,we divided them into two parties on two successive evenings2 ,i never saw children enjoy themselves more4 ,we had many games to amuse them1 finishing each evening with a religious service4 ,edward ,richards1 one of the ,coral ,fund protgs1 is with us1 assisting generally in the mission4 ,he has done good work this winter in giving instruction to ,mr4 ,peck in the ,indian language4 ,my son is spending the winter with us1 cheering us much1 and assisting in the work4 ,in the summer he takes his mother1 ,beatrice1 and ,bertie to ,england1 the two latter to go to school4 ,i am afraid ,i shall find a bachelor's life here rather hard4' ,on ,may #aj1 #ahgh1 the bishop1 with heartfelt thanksgiving1 ordained ,mr4 ,peck deacon and priest4 #8,he left us1' writes ,mr4 ,horden on ,june #ah1 #8with our deepest sympathy and our most earnest prayers4 ,he left us well prepared for his work1 and with a good insight into the two difficult native languages he will be in constant contact with1 the ,cree and the ,eskimo4 ,he is full of zeal--zeal tempered with prudence1 and ,i think that1 should his life be spared1 a noble career is before him4 ,the surroundings of his home are very desolate1 and he needs all the help and sympathy we can give him4' ,this summer was spent as usual in almost constant travel by the bishop1 who still had not been from end to end of his vast diocese4 ,the station next in importance to ,moose at that time was ,york ,factory1 but he had never yet seen it1 owing to the great distance4 ,this summer he visited ,albany4 ,although it was the end of ,june1 ice was still lying on the coast when he set out in a large canoe1 accompanied by six ,indians4 ,the way lay along the western shore of ,james' ,bay4 ,the scenery is very dreary1 the coast low and flat1 not a hill to be seen4 ,at the end of three days he found himself #8at a very small village1 consisting of the residence of the fur trader1 a nice church1 a good parsonage1 a few well-built houses1 and a number of ,indian tents4' #8,i was most heartily welcomed1' he writes4 #8,it was late in the evening when ,i got out of the canoe1 and the next morning early ,i entered the church for service4 ,the ,rev4 ,thomas ,vincent1 who has built both his house and church1 principally with his own hands1 is most indefatigable4 ,i saw no heathen ,indians here1 ,i heard no ,indian drums1 ,i beheld no superstitious rites1 but ,i heard hymns of praise rising to heaven4 ,a large number had been prepared for confirmation1 and many knelt at the ,lord's table4' ,after a stay of a fortnight's duration the bishop returned to ,moose1 and started for ,matawakumma1 #ejj miles distant1 where the ,rev4 ,john ,saunders1 a native1 like ,mr4 ,vincent1 of ,albany1 was now located4 ,matawakumma means1 #8the lake of the meeting of the waters4' ,it is a large lake1 irregular in outline1 surrounded by woods4 ,the first thing which strikes the visitor on approaching the station is the neat little church perched on a rising ground1 like a beacon set on a hill1 the rallying point for the little band of ,ojibbeway ,indians of the neighbourhood4 ,then the residence of the fur-trader comes in sight1 the store and other buildings1 and the modest parsonage-house1 with its garden and accessories4 ,the whole way from ,moose the bishop saw not more than a dozen people4 ,the journey took rather more than a fortnight4 ,the road was a broad river1 impeded in its course by many rapids and shoals1 and by numerous waterfalls1 some of which are very beautiful4 #8,various portages had been made1 and we were going on1 as we thought1 safely1' writes the bishop1 #8when suddenly there is a heavy crash1 and the water comes rushing into the canoe4 ,we had come with force upon a rock1 which had made a great hole in the bark4 ,we paddle to the shore as fast as possible1 take everything out of the canoe and begin repairing it4 ,one goes to a birch tree and cuts off a large piece of bark1 another digs up some roots and splits them1 a third prepares some pitch1 and in the course of an hour or two the bark is sewn into the bottom of the canoe1 the seams are covered with pitch1 and we are once more loading our little vessel4 #8,at the end of our second week we come to an encampment of ,indians4 ,it is ,sunday1 and we stay and spend the day with them4 ,they are old friends1 ,henry ,martyn and his wife and others4 ,indians who are ,christians1 baptized and communicants4 ,indians who can give a reason for the hope which is in them4 ,indians who can read their books and write their letters1 and who may be depended upon quite as much as any ,europeans4 ,illustration3 ,,shooting ,a ,,rapid #8,early on ,monday morning we are once more in our canoe1 and soon get into ,matawakumma ,lake1 in which we paddle for five hours in very heavy rain4 ,soaked quite through1 we feel not a little glad to step ashore on the friendly beach1 and find ourselves once more with civilised man4' ,and ere long the time came for the bishop's sore trial of parting with wife and children4 ,the two youngest must go to an ,english school4 ,but #8who was to take them8' he writes4 #8,there was no one but their dear mother1 and although it was hard to part with her in this dreary and solitary land1 it was absolutely necessary2 and they were to be accompanied by my eldest son1 ,dr4 ,horden1 who had spent the winter with us4 ,our annual ship came early1 and the party was to start in her on her return voyage4 ,i spent one night on board4 ,next morning1 at an early hour1 the ship's guns told us that the voyage had commenced4 ,i remained until after breakfast1 and then1 after a sorrowful farewell1 ,i left in a boat1 and in a few minutes found myself on the deck of the schooner bound for ,fort ,george4 #8,now the way to ,fort ,george is1 in part1 the way to ,england1 and so the two vessels started in company4 ,the day was beautiful1 the wind was fair1 and we made good progress2 but the great ship1 spreading more canvas1 gradually got ahead--late in the evening she was about twelve miles distant1 and ,i thought we had seen the last of her4 ,that night and the next day the weather was very wild and disagreeable1 but the day1 after all1 was once more prosperous1 and soon after breakfast we espied our huge companion a few miles to the west of us4 ,she drew towards us1 and when we saw the last of her1 as night came on1 she was about ten miles ahead4 #8,the following day we should easily have reached our destination had the weather been clear2 as it was1 we could not venture near the dangerous coast4 ,on ,sunday the weather cleared up1 the high land of ,wastekan ,island came in sight1 and by-and-by the low and dangerous lead islands4 ,then the wild and uninviting land all around showed we were at the mouth of ,big ,river1 the tortuous channel of which we carefully threaded1 and at four o'clock we dropped anchor in front of the little village1 consisting only of six or eight houses4 #8,i was agreeably surprised to find a large number of my red friends assembled on the beach to greet me4 ,i at once collected them together1 and we had a most interesting service4 ,later in the evening we had the ,english-speaking people and the crew of our vessel1 making altogether quite a respectable congregation4 ,on ,friday morning we had to say good-bye1 and once more go on board4 ,the next day was dark and dismal1 the wind blowing a hurricane1 while the sea ran mountains high4 ,at noon we caught a momentary sight of land1 but we were obliged to stand out1 as we could not see our way through the tortuous course to ,moose4 ,no one on board slept a moment that night4 ,the storm abated in the morning1 and at daybreak we were once more sailing in the right direction2 in the afternoon the wind was very light1 and a little after six o'clock we landed at ,moose4 ,i made my way to my own house2 the loved ones1 who were accustomed to greet me with such joy on my return1 were far away1 battling with the great ,atlantic waves4444 ,they were gone1 and it ill became me to sit down and mope2 so ,i set to work to drive melancholy away4 ,more work came upon me than ,i had calculated upon4 #8,this was the only winter that ,mr4 ,saunders1 the ,ojibbeway clergyman1 could be at ,moose for a long time1 and ,i could not translate into the ,ojibbeway tongue without his assistance4 ,we first attacked the ,moosonee hymn-book4 ,this finished1 we commenced the ,prayer-book1 and having finished the morning prayers we put it aside to get one of the ,gospels done4 ,the great diversity of languages in the diocese vastly increases our labour--,cree1 ,ojibbeway1 ,chipwyan1 and ,eskimo--and there must be separate translations for each4 ,the ,english school1 too1 ,i manage myself1 with over thirty scholars4 ,they are a happy lot1 very well behaved1 with a great love for their school--as a proof of which ,i need only say that there has been scarcely an absentee for the winter4 ,all this1 with sermons1 visiting my people1 correspondence1 which grows instead of diminishing1 keeps me thoroughly employed every day from morning to night4 ,the winter hitherto has been a very mild one4 ,when it stands at or a little above zero1 we consider it decidedly warm4 #8,of all ,i received last ship time nothing gladdened my eyes more than the sight of a box of ,eskimo books in the syllabic character1 printed from manuscript sent home the previous year4 ,i can fancy with what delight ,mr4 ,peck pounced on them1 and with what gratification the ,eskimo beheld the raising of the lid which exposed to view so much spiritual food4 ,our native library is becoming extensive1 new books being added every year4 ,there is no language without literature4 ,it is blessed work supplying the aborigines of any country with the ,word of ,life2 that ,word which reveals to them ,jesus1 and raises them in spiritual things to a level with the most polished and civilised nations on earth4' ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,york ,,factory ,leaving the station in charge of the ,rev4 ,j4 ,keen1 the bishop started1 in ,june #ahgi1 on the long contemplated visit to ,york ,factory1 in the northern part of his diocese4 #8,i left ,moose1' he says1 #8on ,june #cj1 having made every necessary arrangement for the management of the mission during my absence4 ,at ,michipicoton1 close to the mighty ,lake ,superior1 kind friends were my hosts for four days1 days full of work1 and then a steamer carried me to ,sault ,st4 ,marie1 a long way out of my course1 where ,i was obliged to remain a week1 during which ,i was the guest of another missionary bishop1 the ,bishop of ,algoma1 whose diocese is rapidly filling up from ,england and the well-peopled parts of ,canada4 #8,i went through ,lake ,superior4 ,four-and-twenty hours of railroad followed1 and fourteen hours more of steamer1 and the second stage was completed4 ,a month was spent with my kind friend the ,bishop of ,rupertsland4 ,i was in the centre of the civilisation of the country1 in the neighbourhood of ,winnipeg1 only a few years ago a waste1 now a populous town1 with splendid schools1 churches1 banks1 colleges1 town hall1 c4 ,i was constantly at work1 preaching in the various churches1 sometimes in ,cree1 sometimes in ,english1 added to which to my lot fell the duty of preaching the sermon at the opening of the synod1 at which the clergy were collected from various parts of the country4 ,i need not say how thoroughly this month was enjoyed2 it gave me the largest amount of ,christian intercourse ,i have had for several years4 #8,when the steamer which was to convey me through ,lake ,winnipeg was ready to start ,i went on board1 and in her had a journey of three hundred miles to ,old ,fort1 from which ,i was conveyed to ,norfolk ,house by boat4 ,i was far enough away from civilisation now1 and had before me five hundred miles of dreary and desolate country4 ,there were some immense lakes to cross1 and some rough rapids to descend2 but we saw no bold falls1 such as ,i have been accustomed to find in other parts of the country4 #8,on ,september #ai ,i found myself at my journey's end1 at ,york ,factory1 a spot ,i had longed to visit for many1 many years1 a spot at which several devoted missionaries have laboured1 where ,christ has been faithfully preached1 and where many precious souls have been gathered into ,his garner4' ,the ,rev4 ,j4 ,winter had arrived at the station to take the place of ,archdeacon ,kirkby1 who had quitted ,york by the annual ship just a week before4 ,mr4 ,winter had heard the archdeacon's farewell sermon4 ,the latter had faithfully toiled there for twenty-seven years1 and there was scarcely a dry eye4 ,the interpreter was the first to break down1 then followed the archdeacon himself1 together with the congregation4 ,for a few moments there was a pause2 it was with difficulty that he finished his discourse4 #8,i had wished1' wrote the bishop1 #8to express to him personally my sense of the praiseworthy manner in which he had1 single-handed1 managed this large district4 ,it needs more labourers--one at ,churchill1 and another at ,trout ,lake4 ,one great difficulty is the number of languages spoken4 ,at ,york and ,severn1 ,cree2 at ,trout ,lake1 a mixture of ,cree and ,saulteaux2 and at ,churchill1 ,chipwyan and ,eskimo1 which have no resemblance either to each other or to the ,cree or ,saulteaux4 ,i have been busy ever since coming here1 for besides the ,indian there is a somewhat large ,english congregation1 ,york having ever been a place of great importance in the country1 although it is now much less so than formerly4 ,i conduct an ,english school daily1 give lessons in ,cree to ,mr4 ,winter1 and twice a week ,i give lessons to the ,european and native servants of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company4 ,altogether ,i am as fully employed as ,i have ever been at ,moose2 but ,i cannot but know that with me the sun has passed the meridian1 and that it behoves one to work while it is called to-day4 #8,in ,january ,i go northward two hundred miles to ,churchill1 the most northerly inhabited spot in the diocese of ,moosonee4 ,it is a very dreary place4 ,the wife of the gentleman in charge there1 the sister of one of our missionaries1 is often years without seeing the face of a civilised woman1 while the intensity of the cold there is as great almost as in any spot on the earth's surface4 ,you may conceive with what joy a visitor is received4 ,what a welcome ,i may expect on my arrival6 ,the ,indians there will be quite strange to me2 with their language ,i am not at all acquainted4 ,i had never seen one until ,i came here1 and here only one--a poor girl1 now a happy1 comfortable1 ,christian lassie1 with an ,english tongue1 but who was cast out as an encumbrance by her unnatural relatives4 ,in ,june ,i go on a tour to ,trout ,lake and ,severn2 this will occupy me nearly two months1 and in ,august ,i once more set off for ,england4' ,the voyage from ,york ,factory in the autumn of #ahhj was the most tedious and stormy on record1 occupying ten weeks instead of five4 ,it was the middle of ,november ere ,bishop ,horden reached ,england1 when once more he had the joy of greeting his wife and children4 ,and now followed a continual round of preaching1 speaking1 and travelling1 with very heavy daily correspondence4 ,at many a meeting the bishop held his audience in rapt attention with the story of the rise and progress of the ,moose mission1 with graphic descriptions of parts of the ,moose diocese1 with accounts of the work in the six several districts into which it was now divided1 each under the care of an ordained clergyman4 ,charters had been granted to two companies for the construction of railways from the corn-growing provinces of ,manitoba and ,saskatchewan to the shores of ,hudson's ,bay1 one or both of which would run for the greater part through the ,moosonee diocese4 ,the bishop pleaded for help1 therefore1 for a church extension fund4 ,he would often close his address with an ,indian's account of the condition of his people when in a state of heathenism1 giving it in the native ,cree1 with a literal translation4 ,naspich ne ke muchepimatisin wskuch numa kkwan ,very ,i was bad formerly not anything ne kiskletn piko ,muchemuneto ishpish ka primatiseyan2 ,i know it only the devil as long as ,i lived misew ililewuk ne ke wapumowuk moshuk muchepima4 all the ,indians ,i saw them always they being tisitchik1 notenittochik1 keshkwpchik1 wicked when they fight with each other when they get drunk mukoshchik1 mitwitchik1 kosapatutik1 when they feast when they conjure when they pretend to prophesy kelaskitchik2 muskum wewa1 nutopowuk1 when they lie he takes from him by force his wife they ask for liquor naspich1 saketowuk1 utawwuk1 kimotaskwuk much they like it they buy it they rob 7other7 people's lands kisewaha weche ililewa1 naspich tapw he angers them his fellow ,indians1 very truly ke muhepimatisewuk4 they were wicked4 ,these sentences will illustrate the peculiar structure of the ,indian tongue1 which1 with its #8sesquipedalian compounds1' as ,professor ,max ,mller calls them1 might deter almost any student from the attempt to master it4 ,bishop ,horden1 with great patience1 perseverance1 and thoroughness1 compiled a grammar of the ,cree language1 which appeared about this time1 and in which we are1 step by step1 introduced to a system complete in the mechanism of all its parts4 ,words that seem all confusion gradually assume their proper forms4 ,around the verb1 which is the most important factor in the formation of those polysyllabic words1 cluster all the other ideas4 ,they are glued on to it1 so to speak4 ,that which with us would be a whole sentence is accumulated in the ,cree into a long compound word2 agent1 action1 object1 with adverbial expletives1 are all combined4 ,the bishop1 in the midst of all his hard work when in ,england1 now speaking for the ,church ,missionary ,society1 now pleading for his own diocese1 in the midst of engagements and travel1 in the midst even of his very journeyings to and fro1 found time to write some of his graphic descriptive papers4 ,we give the following true story of one of the former ,coral ,school children1 written by him in the waiting-room of a railway station1 whilst expecting a train4 #8,amelia ,davey was originally named ,amelia ,ward1 and was one of the children of the ,coral ,fund4 ,she got on with her learning very well1 could read and write ,english creditably1 and spoke ,english as well as if she had been an ,english girl1 instead of a ,cree4 ,at the age of about nineteen she married a young ,indian named ,james ,okune ,shesh2 and1 after about three years of married life1 lost him through disease and starvation1 she herself narrowly escaping death4 #8,some time afterwards she married another ,indian1 named ,solomon ,davey1 a good steady man1 who was to her an excellent husband4 ,last autumn they left ,moose ,factory with their children1 accompanied by ,davey's old father and mother1 for their winter hunting-grounds4 ,for a time all went well1 fish and rabbits supplying the daily needs of the family2 the food gradually1 however1 failed1 until scarcely any was obtainable4 ,day after day ,solomon went off to seek supplies2 evening after evening he returned bringing little or nothing4 ,the party now determined to make their way to ,moose2 there they knew their wants would be relieved1 but ,solomon's strength entirely broke down1 and they were obliged to place him on a sledge1 which was hauled by his mother2 thus they moved painfully forward4 ,the poor fellow was covered up as well as possible4 ,he seemed very quiet2 his mother went to him to assure herself that all was right2 but the spirit had fled4 ,the brave good ,indian1 who had done his best to supply the wants of those dependent on him1 had perished in the attempt4 ,fresh trouble came2 ,amelia's time had come for the arrival of another baby2 camp was made1 and a little unsuspecting mortal was ushered into the world4 #8,how they lived ,i know not2 but two days after the child's birth1 ,amelia1 tying up her little one1 and placing it on her back1 and putting her snow-shoes on her feet1 essayed to walk to ,moose1 still eighteen miles distant4 ,bravely she stepped out2 her own life as well as the lives of those she left behind depended on her reaching it4 ,she slept once2 the bitter cold seemed anxious to make her its victim1 but the morning still beheld the thin spare form alive1 and1 asking ,god to give her the strength she so sorely needed1 she struggled on again4 #8,presently the houses of ,moose make their appearance1 but they are far1 far off4 ,can they be reached8 ,it seems scarcely possible1 but the effort is made1 the necessary strength is supplied1 and she finds herself in a house1 with ,christian hands and ,christian hearts to minister to her necessities4 #8,but can this poor wrinkled old woman1 apparently sixty years of age1 be the bright1 well-favoured1 cheerful ,amelia of thirty8 ,the very same4 ,what you see has been produced by the cold and want2 and how about the babe8 ,well1 the dear little baby was well and strong2 the ,christian mother had preserved it with the greatest imaginable care1 and it was to her1 doubtless1 all the more dear from the terrible circumstances under which it was born4 #8,parties were at once sent off to those left behind1 with food and other necessaries1 and all were brought to ,moose1 where they were kindly and abundantly cared for4 ,the last thing ,solomon did last autumn was to go to the ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,keen1 and purchase for himself a ,cree ,new ,testament to take with him to his hunting-grounds4' ,other stories the bishop told or wrote1 too many for the size of the present volume4 ,there was ,david ,anderson1 one of the many lambs of the ,bishop of ,rupertsland's flock1 whose arm was shattered by an accidental gunshot1 and for whom a false arm was sent out from ,england4 ,this arm for a time he would not use1 because he thought it wrong thus to supplement a limb of which #8,god had seen fit to deprive him6' ,there was the devoted wife of the dying hunter 7,jacob ,matamashkum71 who saved him in the last pangs of starvation by applying his lips to her own breast4 ,there was the aged grandmother 7good old ,widow ,charlotte71 who took the dead daughter's babe and nourished it at her bosom thirty years after her own last child had been born4 ,there was ,richard1 son of the ,widow ,charlotte1 who was #8a famous fisherwoman' even after she had become a great grandmother4 ,the son was a delicate young man1 who had largely depended on her for subsistence4 ,he married and fell ill4 ,the poor wife on the morning before he died ruptured a blood-vessel in driving in a tent-peg1 and was carried to the grave just a month after him4 ,there were the starving parents1 who1 having lost their two youngest children from hunger1 set off with the remaining two for the nearest station1 a hundred miles away1 to get food4 ,the wife drew the sledge on which the children lay1 while the husband walked in front to break a road in the snow for her1 till at last his strength failed1 and he could go no further4 ,she1 however1 set up a little tent for him1 and hastened on4 ,she might yet get help in time to save him4 ,she reached ,albany1 and sank unconscious4 ,but friends were at hand--the children1 scarcely alive1 were taken from the sledge4 ,the mother recovered to say where her husband lay4 ,a party went in search of him2 he was dead1 and the body was hard frozen4 ,many of the school-children wrote to the bishop whilst he was in ,england letters1 that might favourably compare with those of children possessing far greater advantages than they4 ,all spoke of deepest attachment to him1 all longed for his return amongst them4 #8,we shall be so happy to see you again1' was the refrain of every letter4 ,the elder sister of one of the girls had become the wife of the ,rev4 ,j4 ,saunders1 native pastor of ,matawakumma4 ,her letter addressed to ,mrs4 ,horden is full of interest4 ,it is dated ,august #ac1 #ahha4 ,she says3 #8,we are pretty dull up here1 but we enjoy good health1 and we must feel thankful to ,him who gives us health and life4 ,of course you know that we spent the first winter you were away at ,moose1 and ,i must say your absence was very much felt1 and when1 the bishop went away the following summer1 ,moose was quite deserted4 #8,i think the people at ,moose will be very glad to see you back again4 ,sometimes ,i wish to see ,moose and my friends living there1 but1 knowing the difficulty and expense of travelling1 ,i put the subject out of my mind1 and try to feel contented4 ,if this place was not such a poor one for living ,i should certainly feel more settled4 ,in the winter we do very well in the way of food1 but my husband is obliged to occupy a good deal of his time in hunting2 but in the summer we depend altogether on our nets1 and if fish fails1 then there is nothing at all2 but ,i am glad to say that it is only sometimes that we get only enough for breakfast4 ,i feel happy to say that our ,heavenly ,father never allows us to be without food altogether1 and we bless the ,bounteous ,hand which can give us food even in this bleak and lonely wilderness4 ,many times while ,i was at ,moose ,i thought it would be impossible to exist on fish alone1 but experience teaches me that we can exist on fish1 and fish alone4 ,many times ,i think how nice and helpful it would be if we had a cow4 #8,i feel rather surprised that my husband did not arrange with the bishop before this to have a cow2 to my mind that should have been considered before now4 ,the other missionaries have cattle1 and ,i think we could keep a cow very nicely here4 ,i am afraid ,i shall be tiring you1 so ,i must conclude my letter1 wishing you and yours every blessing4 #8,i remain yours very gratefully1 #8,,frances ,,saunders4' ,the bishop did not return to ,moose in the summer of #ahha4 ,he found much to do in ,england1 and so the annual ship by which he was expected arrived without him4 ,the ,rev4 ,thomas ,vincent visited ,moose1 taking the place of the ,rev4 ,j4 ,keen1 in the course of the winter1 which was a mild one4 ,the summer had been dry1 and there had been many forest fires--hundreds of young rabbits and partridges must have been roasted alive4 ,a sad loss for the ,indians1 who largely depend on these for food4 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,the ,,return ,,to ,,moose ,in the spring of #ahhb1 the good folk at ,moose became more and more pressing for their beloved bishop's return4 ,they were looking eagerly forward to his presence amongst them again2 and he went1 but he went alone1 ,mrs4 ,horden remaining in ,england with their children4 ,a fortnight after his arrival in ,moose he wrote3 #8,my canoe journey occupied eighteen days1 and was rather arduous4 ,the heat1 against which there could never be the slightest protection1 was terrible1 sometimes rising as high as #aaj in the shade1 which was aggravated by the rocky and difficult character of many of our portages4 ,these things were nothing to me some years ago1 but it is different now4 ,i cannot bear fatigue as ,i could when ,i came by the same route fifteen years ago2 then it was physically a pleasure1 now it is a labour4' ,the bishop had travelled vi ,new ,york1 ,montreal and ,matawa4 #8,we alighted at the station1' he writes1 #8and a mile ride on a very rough road brought us to the thriving young town4 ,fifteen years ago1 with wife and two young children1 ,i had found the reaching ,matawa a difficult journey by canoe1 and when ,i had reached it1 it consisted of three houses2 now its population is about five hundred1 while the number of people passing through is very large4 ,it has fine shops1 many hotels1 a broad street1 and an ,english church and parsonage are being built for a very energetic resident clergyman4 ,it is the seat of the lumber trade in the ,upper ,ottawa2 hence its importance4 ,but where are the ,indians1 who not long since were numerous here8 ,this place knows them no more6 ,i saw scarcely any2 as a race they have passed away2 many have died1 for they cannot stand the diseases ,europeans bring with them--measles1 whooping-cough1 diphtheria1 make short work of them4 ,many1 too1 have gone to work on the railways1 while the women have married ,french ,canadians1 and so the ,indian becomes swallowed up by the advancing whites4 #8,i travelled on by rail as far as the railroad went--forty miles from ,matawa4 ,the country is rocky and uninteresting1 with a good spot for farming here and there4 ,this railroad forms part of the ,great ,canadian ,pacific1 which is being carried forward with extraordinary rapidity1 and will be accomplished years before it was expected to be1 the part causing most difficulty being that north of ,lake ,superior4 ,at ,matawa ,i remained four days1 the guest of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,bliss1 spending a ,sunday there1 which ,i much enjoyed4 ,i preached both morning and evening1 and in the afternoon gave an address to the children4 ,i never spend an idle ,sunday4 ,i should hope no one ever does2 but a ,sunday never passes without my saying something for the ,master in a public manner4 ,i feel that ,i must work2 the truth comes home to me more and more forcibly every day that 8the time is short10 that it behoves us to work while it is called to-day4 #8,on ,tuesday1 ,august #a1 ,i had done with railways and telegrams1 almost with letters1 and was once more in my birch-bark canoe up the ,ottawa4 ,there lies the bedding1 tied up in an oil-cloth to prevent its getting wet2 there the provisions1 and the kettles and frying-pan1 and tent and paddles2 and here are my companions--four ,temiscamingue ,indians1 fine strong fellows1 who with alacrity place the canoe in the water1 and then everything in it in a very orderly manner2 then one of them with a respectful touch of his cap says1 8,ashi nen he posetonau kekinow0 78,already we have embarked everything074 ,i step into the canoe2 a nice seat has been prepared for me1 and we are off4 ,the sound of the paddles is familiar2 ,i could almost forget that ,i had not heard it for two years4 ,through the whole course of our journey ,i did not see a dozen farms4 ,but what is this ,i see8 ,logs1 logs1 logs2 tens1 hundreds1 thousands1 all formed into a raft1 on their way to build houses1 churches1 palaces1 cottages1 in the civilised world4 ,and here we are at the foot of a great rapid2 we are obliged to get out of our canoe1 which1 with all the baggage1 has to be carried over a long portage4 ,but there comes a curious-looking structure1 square in shape1 and on it a couple of small houses and four men4 ,it is composed of a large number of squared logs formed into a small raft called a 8crib02 the men look resolute and determined1 and handle immense oars called sweeps4 ,they come on towards the rapid1 slowly at first1 then the speed increases1 and down they go1 covered with water1 down1 down1 down1 until quieter waters are reached4 ,a few more strokes of the oar send it out into mid-stream1 where it will wait until all the other cribs have descended1 when they will be again joined together1 and so go on until the next rapid is reached4 ,as we sit1 crib after crib descends without accident2 but it is dangerous work1 and the ,ottawa frequently secures its victims4 ,illustration3 ,,canadian ,,timber #8,we have a good deal of portaging1 and very hot it is4 ,on this portage there is an abundance of blueberries2 we gather and eat them1 and capitally they quench our thirst1 almost making us forget the fiery sun above us4 ,at the head of the ,long ,sault our difficulties are over1 we are on the placid waters of the great ,lake ,temiscamingue4 ,some time after it has become quite dark1 one of my companions exclaims1 8,ma60 78,listen07 8kagat iskota chemau0 78truly the fire-boat0--the steamer72 and in the distance ,i hear the puffing of the giant1 who has now invaded these hitherto quiet waters4 ,at midnight we put up our tent and seek repose2 we set off again early1 and about four ,p4,m4 reach ,temiscamingue4 #8,five days beyond ,temiscamingue we found ourselves on the broad waters of the ,abbitibbe ,lake1 a grand expanse1 dotted with islands1 which make it in places very picturesque4 ,and there stands the ,hudson's ,bay ,company establishment1 where ,i am sure of a welcome4' ,a few days later the bishop landed at ,long ,portage ,house1 a small and lonely establishment4 ,all are friends here1 and preparations are at once made for a service1 which all greatly enjoy4 #8,and there is a beautiful little baby to baptize1' continues the child-loving bishop1 and there are several who are anxious to receive the sacrament of the ,lord's ,supper4 #8,i wished to get to ,moose before the ship1 so before six o'clock we are in our canoe and hurrying forwards2 down we plunge over our last great rapid1 and are in the ,moose ,river4 ,we are soon nearing ,moose1 and already come upon some of its people4 ,here is ,widow ,charlotte in her canoe1 fishing2 her face brightens as she grasps my hand and tells me how thankful she is to see me once more2 she looks well1 but the last three years have told greatly upon her4 ,a little further on we meet stirring ,widow ,harriet1 engaged in the same occupation4 ,at breakfast-time we meet a large canoe on its way to ,abbitibbe1 containing a family returning to ,canada2 we breakfast and have prayers together1 and ,i learn that the ship arrived safely from ,england two days ago1 and that all were well4 ,we paddle on1 pass the ,bill of ,portland1 and the ,mill1 and the winter fishing-place at the mouth of ,maidman's ,creek1 and we cross the broad river1 and sweep round the head of ,charles ,island4 ,here is ,sawpit ,island1 and there1 directly in front of us1 is ,moose ,island1 but showing no signs of being inhabited4 ,we travel along it1 we round its head1 and a new world lies before us--for it seems indeed nothing less1 coming as one does on the large thriving establishment after days of travel in the wilderness4' ,illustration3 ,,moose ,,factory1 ,,capital ,,of ,,the ,,diocese ,,of ,,moosonee #a1 ,bishop's ,court2 #b1 school-house2 #c1 cottage 7residence of a good helper72 #d1 cottage 7residence of catechist72 #e1 stores2 #f1 church2 #g1 residence of chief factor2 #h1 residence of officers2 #i1 large store and sale shop2 #aj1 cattle byres2 #aa1 ,pontypool1 a mile below the church ,moose at this time and at this season presented an even still more pleasant aspect than when1 some thirty years before1 the ,bishop of ,rupertsland had described it as the prettiest spot in the country4 ,since then it has somewhat increased in importance1 and the condition of the buildings and their surroundings give it a charming appearance4 ,the grazing cattle first attract attention1 then the neat residence of the bishop and the other mission buildings1 the adjoining cottages with their well-kept gardens1 and a number of ,indian tents and marquees in the foreground1 the church with its metal covered spire glistening in the sun's rays a little distance off4 ,near the landing-place are the ,hudson's ,bay ,company buildings1 the substantial residence of the company's representative and that of his subordinate officers4 ,the large handsome store1 and a good garden1 with the steward's house adjoining1 with a group of workshops--carpenter's1 joiner's1 cooper's1 and the blacksmith's forge behind1 cow-houses and stables for cattle1 horses1 pigs1 and sheep4 ,in the foreground is the grave-yard neatly fenced round2 then a field of waving barley1 another of potatoes1 and a large hay-meadow1 with again a group of cottages1 gardens1 and tents4 ,the ship had come in1 and people were hurrying about everywhere4 ,the ,mink was receiving cargo1 the ,marten too1 as well as a barge with sails set4 ,these transferred their contents to large flat-bottomed boats1 which conveyed them to a store by the riverside4 ,along the banks were moored many smaller craft1 full of grass1 brought from the salt marshes1 to be turned into hay for the cattle during the long winter4 ,in the midst of all the bustle the advent of the bishop in his canoe is observed4 ,the white mission flag is hastily run up4 ,the red flag of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company is hoisted4 ,the mission party1 which includes ,archdeacon ,vincent from ,albany and ,mr4 ,peck from ,fort ,george1 as well as two young missionaries1 the ,rev4 ,h4 ,nevitt and ,rev4 ,j4 ,lofthouse1 who had come by the ship1 and ,mrs4 ,saunders from ,matawakumma1 hasten to the landing-stage4 ,the bishop's daughter ,chrissie1 with her husband1 ,mr4 ,broughton1 and their three boys1 ,kelk1 ,fred and ,arthur1 are there already1 and the first greetings are not given before the chief members of the station are all collected about the bishop4 ,all are anxious to welcome him and to give him the news he longs to hear1 of the welfare of themselves and the various members of his flock in the different parts of his diocese4 ,then the bell from the church tower sends forth its summons1 and the ,indians hurry to respond to it1 and soon the church is filled from end to end by an eager and interested congregation4 ,he to whom they all look as a father has come back1 and having given their greeting and received his blessing1 they depart again to their several occupations4 ,the bishop was speedily immersed in work4 ,only a few days after his return he confirmed forty-five young ,indians1 men and women who had been carefully prepared by ,mr4 ,vincent4 ,later on he confirmed all the ,english-speaking young people1 both half-caste and ,indian4 ,his heart was cheered by the progress made in the mission during his absence4 ,the church was not large enough to contain the congregation4 ,the winter came and passed4 ,the spring-tide of #ahhc was not a cheerful one1 and the bishop felt the contrast between the scene in his out-of-the-world home and the surroundings in which he had passed the preceding year4 #8,mispoor1 mispoor1 mispoor'--#8,snow1 snow1 snow1' he wrote on ,may #b1 #8everything white1 the ground all covered1 the river all dead and still--the ice-covering four feet thick4444 ,i turned to my table and found comfort from reading a portion of the ,book of books1 ,god's great gift to mankind1 until ,i was called to prayers4 ,family prayers they were1 and yet no member of my family knelt with me2 the nearest is a hundred miles distant1 the rest thousands4' ,not until ,may #ba did the ice begin to break4 #8,on ,trinity ,sunday ,i looked out at three o'clock--all was still1 and ,i lay down again4 ,at five ,i once more looked out--the operation of breaking-up had commenced4 ,in the evening the river1 which for so many months had shown no signs of life1 was rolling on in a vast flood4' ,in the summer of this year whooping-cough once more broke out at ,moose and ,albany4 ,at the latter place forty-four died of it2 amongst the number the bishop's infant grandson4 ,at ,moose1 the illness raged almost as fiercely4 ,day after day funerals are recorded by the bishop1 who was much depressed by the mourning and sadness around him4 #8,could ,i1' he says1 #8when the service is over1 come back to a cheerful home1 it would be different1 but ,i come back to the once joyous1 but now solitary house1 to hear my own footsteps1 and to feed upon my own thoughts4' ,on ,august #bb a terrible storm broke over ,moose4 ,the morning dawned brightly1 and everything betokened a beautiful summer day4 ,the sun shone out1 the air was warm1 and the wind blew from the south-east4 ,after breakfast the wind grew stronger and yet stronger1 until it became a perfect hurricane4 ,forest trees bent like wands1 some were torn up by the roots1 others snapped in two4 ,the river was like a tempest-tossed sea4 ,the great flagstaff of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company came down with a mighty crash4 ,the mission flagstaff swayed to and fro1 threatening every instant to fall4 ,the houses suffered little1 being built of solid logs1 strongly bolted together with iron bolts4 ,that ,wednesday night was a fearful one1 the next day not quite so bad4 ,the weather continued dull and raining4 ,the ship was expected1 and a load of anxiety would be removed by its arrival4 ,but ,september dawned1 and there was no ship6 #8,it is now ,september #e1 and one of the gloomiest days ,i have known for a very long time4 ,the haycocks are lying in the fields1 thoroughly drenched1 and turning black from their long exposure to the daily downpour4 ,the potatoes are cut down by the heavy frost of last ,saturday1 and the barley lies prostrate4 ,all this we could bear1 but this year there is a fear that we may have to depend more on what our fields may give than is generally the case1 for as yet there is no ship4 ,we have had a vessel lying at the river's mouth for nearly a month waiting for her1 and every face begins to look serious4 ,there is good cause1 for there are not sufficient supplies here for another year4 ,of wine there is none4 ,of medicine1 scarcely any4 ,a restriction has been put on the sale of food and clothing2 the supply is scanty1 and the look-out is really very dark indeed4 ,what adds so much to our gloom is the saddening fact that death is still amongst us1 carrying off our little ones amid great suffering4' ,the #gth of ,september passed1 but the joyful cry of #8,the ship is come6' had not been raised4 ,the hearts of the watchers began to grow sick with hope deferred1 and all sorts of conjectures were formed as to the cause of the delay4 ,on ,september #aj the bishop wrote1 #8,our gloom deepens as day succeeds day1 and we get no tidings of our ship4 ,there are parties here from distant stations all waiting1 but in a couple of days all must leave1 so as to burden us no longer for the provisions they require4 ,september #ae4 ,our ship has not come1 and ,i am afraid now it will not come4 ,you can have no idea of our state of anxiety4 ,she may come yet1 and ,i trust she may2 but it is now so late that we are beginning to give up hope4 ,and here we are1 with no medicine or wine for the sick1 scarcely any candles1 a very limited supply of tea and sugar1 a very scanty supply of clothing1 only half a crop of potatoes1 and no hope of improvement for nearly twelve months4 ,i feel that we must not run these risks in future4 ,it is absolutely necessary that we should have at ,moose a full year's supply for all our missions in this quarter4 ,it must be done1#b and ,i shall require #ejjl41 which will be expended in the purchase of flour1 tea1 sugar1 salt pork1 bacon1 preserved ,australian beef1 c4 ,we shall then always have a year's stock of necessaries on hand1 and so be independent for one year of the ship's arrival4' ,at last1 when all hope had fled from the breasts of those who so long had watched1 and watched in vain1 on the morning of ,september #ba the cry was raised1 #8,the ship's come6' #8,magic words1' the bishop wrote1 #8which entirely changed the current of our thoughts4' ,the flag was hoisted to announce the event1 and everyone was full of grateful joy1 everyone busy with a helping hand1 for the weather was already winterly1 with snow falling every day1 and the ship must start quickly on her return voyage4 ,the danger was that she might not reach home again in safety so late in the season4 ,she had been delayed for weeks in the ice in coming out1 and the return voyage was indeed a terrible one4 ,the water in the ship's tanks froze some inches thick1 and heavy gales and blinding snow-storms accompanied her until she reached ,england late in ,november4 ,moosonee has two ports1 ,moose ,factory and ,york ,factory1 and the ,york ship that year could not return to ,england at all4 ,she had arrived at ,york when the people were almost in despair1 and had then set out for ,churchill1 where she was weather-bound4 ,this place is so small and out of the world1 that as soon as possible the crew was transferred to ,york ,factory1 where there was better accommodation for them1 the men having to walk thither two hundred miles on snow-shoes4 ,,chapter ,,xv ,,trying ,,times ,the summer of #ahhd was again a sickly one2 a severe influenza cold attacked almost everyone4 ,the bishop had accomplished two visitation tours1 when a cry of distress came from ,albany4 ,the sickness was there2 many in the prime of life were dying4 ,archdeacon ,vincent was himself ill4 ,the bishop went4 ,morning1 noon and night he was by the bedside of the sufferers1 or making up medicines for them1 till at length a change took place2 and after a stay of four or five weeks he was able to return to ,moose1 taking with him ,mr4 ,vincent and his eldest daughter4 ,it was ,september1 and he was at once plunged in a whirl of business1 for the battered old ship had come again1 and it had brought so many fine packages of eatables and necessaries that every spare foot of the mission premises was filled with them4 ,the ship was again nearly a month behind her time4 ,for a thousand miles she had contended with ice1 and had been very severely handled4 ,after she had sailed on her return voyage the various autumn works were rapidly proceeded with3 garden produce was taken up2 the cattle and byres were made snug and taut2 and for house and school #abj cords of wood were cut4 ,then the ,indians1 who had spent three or four months at the station1 began to disperse1 to shoot the geese and ducks so plentiful at that season1 and to hunt the fur-bearing animals1 which had by this time donned their valuable winter coats4 ,all are anxious to get to their winter quarters whilst the river is available for the canoes4 ,they assemble for a last ,sunday service at the station2 family after family come to receive the bishop's parting words of counsel and advice2 then the farewell is spoken4 #8,farewell1' they say2 #8we will not forget4' ,the last shake of the hand is given1 and they go to their homes in the wilderness1 not to return until the spring1 unless some adverse or untoward circumstance compels them to come in4 ,winter came4 ,it set in severely1 and much earlier than usual1 preventing the fall fishery1 much depended upon for the supply of winter food4 ,all the more thankful was the bishop for the founding of the ,moose store4 ,in ,january he wrote3 #8,it is a very great relief to know that the food is here4 ,as to the store being put up1 that must bide its time4 ,every person has as much as he can do1 myself included4 ,just now wood and fire take precedence of everything else4 ,day after day chopping and hauling are going on1 while the disappearance of our immense piles of wood tells pretty plainly of the difficulty we have in keeping up the necessary warmth in our houses4' ,the past year had been a very chequered one1 outwardly full of trouble1 bad seasons1 unprecedented storms1 fatal epidemics1 cases of starvation1 much to discourage and depress4 ,yet the bishop could write thankfully that he had been enabled to labour so continuously in this inclement and isolated land1 he and his faithful band of assistants having visited nearly the whole of the great diocese in the course of the year4 ,everywhere the ,gospel was received with readiness4 #8,we have now no active opposition1' he says2 #8indeed1 there are very few persons in the diocese1 except those in the far north1 who have not been baptized1 by far the greater part into our own beloved ,church4 ,for those on the north-western part of the bay a man admirably adapted for the work has been appointed in the person of the ,rev4 ,j4 ,lofthouse1 who longs1 with ,god's blessing1 to gather into ,christ's fold the ,eskimo of that region1 as the ,rev4 ,e4 ,j4 ,peck has done on the eastern side of the bay4 #8,for the present winter ,mr4 ,lofthouse is at ,york ,factory1 in the place of ,mr4 ,winter1 who is in ,england on account of his wife's health2 but ,i expect them back in the summer1 when ,mr4 ,lofthouse will go to his more northern home4' ,the ,rev4 ,e4 ,j4 ,peck visited ,fort ,george and ,great ,whale ,river1 and started from ,little ,whale ,river for the distant station of ,ungava1 at the entrance of the ,hudson's ,straits1 to see the ,indians and ,eskimo of that quarter4 ,he was then to embark on board the ,hudson's ,bay ,company's steamer for ,quebec1 whence he was to proceed to ,england4 #8,the ,rev4 ,h4 ,nevitt remained at ,moose all the summer1 conducting services and school1 and attending to the numerous needs of our large summer population4 #8,as soon as the river broke up1 ,i set off for ,long ,portage ,house1 a station one hundred and twenty miles distant1 on the way to ,canada4 ,the ,indians there are ,ojibbeways1 and as yet have not made much progress in the religious life2 but they received my message with attention1 and ,i trust will yet become emancipated from the superstitions which oppress them4 ,returning from ,long ,portage ,house1 ,i remained a short time at ,moose1 and1 making all necessary arrangements1 went in my mission boat to ,rupert's ,house1 which ,i formerly visited yearly1 and where ,i have long wished to see a missionary permanently settled1 and for which ,i had too fondly hoped to see one arrive from ,england last autumn4 #8,sad troubles have come upon my much loved people there during the last few years1 numbers of them having died of starvation from the failure of deer1 which were formerly very numerous in their hunting-grounds4 ,i trust that such stories of misery and death as ,i was constrained to listen to will never fall on my ears again4 ,my mission was very successful1 for ,i was enabled not only to minister to all the ,rupert's ,house ,indians and residents1 but likewise to the ,indians of the far interior1 who came in the different trading brigades from ,mistasinnee1 ,waswanepe1 ,machiskun1 and ,nitchekwun4 ,these are all ,christians1 many of them communicants1 and the greater part of them read and write the syllabic characters very well4 ,rupert's ,house is a great centre of trade1 hence the vital necessity of the establishment of a strong mission there4' ,in returning from ,rupert's ,house on a former occasion1 somewhat late in the cold season1 the bishop very nearly lost his life4 ,he set off in a cariole1 with a train of dogs1 accompanied by two young ,indians1 travelling by night1 to escape the danger of snow blindness from the glare of the sun on the snow4 ,they crossed ,rupert's ,bay1 and at ,cabbages ,willows took breakfast with an ,indian woman whose husband was goose-hunting4 ,after resting some hours they went on to the east point of ,hannah ,bay1 intending to cross that night1 but the air had become warm1 and rain indicated a possible breaking up of the ice1 so they reluctantly turned into the woods and encamped4 ,in the morning the weather was again cold with a strong wind1 so on they went4 ,when they had reached the middle of the bay1 about ten miles from the nearest land1 the guide suddenly exclaimed3 #8,what is this6 the tide is coming in1 and the ice is breaking up4' ,they looked seaward1 and saw mass after mass rise up on end and fall again4 ,the guide had a small stick in his hand2 he struck the ice on which they were standing1 and it went through2 clearly there was but a step between them and death4 #8,get into the cariole at once6' cried he1 #8and let us hurry back4 ,we may be saved yet6' ,the bishop did so1 and almost instantly the hinder part of the cariole went through the ice into the sea4 ,faces blanched a little1 but happily the dogs seemed aware of the danger and made no halt1 but hurried onward as fast as they could go2 there was no stoppage for a moment4 ,running by the side of the cariole1 one of his companions said to the bishop3 #8,perhaps ,god is not pleased at your leaving the ,indians so soon4 ,should we get back safely1 the ,indians will be very glad to see you again1 for they are not tired of the teaching you gave them4' ,in the afternoon they came to the ,indian hut before alluded to4 ,it was full now2 several hunters were there1 and geese were abundant4 ,they were made very welcome1 and sitting round the fire1 all listened with wrapt attention to the guide as he narrated the incidents of the day4 ,when he had finished they expressed their wonder and joy at the escape4 #8,not long afterwards1' says the bishop1 #8,i went out to have a look at our surroundings4 ,i soon came upon a curious sight3 a high cross-like erection with lines attached to it covered with bones of animals and birds1 and pieces of red and blue cloth and other things4 ,i had never seen anything of the kind before1 and had no idea what it was intended for4 ,i called ,wiskechan1 the proprietor of the tent1 and said1 8,what is this80 #88,oh10 said he1 8this is my mistikokan 7conjuring pole71 which ,i shake in this way when ,i do my conjuring40 #8,looking solemnly at him1 ,i replied1 8,i have come to tell you of better things1 of ,god's willingness to give you all things through ,jesus ,christ1 ,his ,son4 ,if you wish to accept the message ,i have brought1 you must give up this40 #8,without a moment's hesitation he called for his axe1 and instantly chopped the pole down4 ,what a glorious end to a day of danger6 ,my thanksgivings that night were very hearty4 ,i slept in peace1 surrounded by my red-skin brethren1 and a little after the next noontide was again at ,rupert's ,house4' ,rupert's ,house1 which is called after ,prince ,rupert1 cousin of ,king ,charles ,,ii41 to whom and a band of associates the king granted a charter1 giving them exclusive rights to trade with the inhabitants of ,hudson's ,bay1 is situated near the mouth of ,rupert's ,river1 which empties itself into the beautiful ,hudson's ,bay1 studded with picturesque islands4 ,it lies one hundred miles east of ,moose1 from which it is reached by a sea voyage in summer along the southern shore of ,hudson's ,bay1 and by a snow-shoe or cariole journey in winter4 ,as a fur-trading post it is of considerable importance1 being the head-quarters of a large district4 ,the posts dependent on it are ,east ,main1 ,mistasinnee1 ,waswanepe1 ,nitchekwun1 and ,machiskun2 and every summer large canoes come from each of those places1 bringing all the furs collected during the previous twelve months1 and taking back with them full loads of bags of flour1 chests of tea1 casks of sugar1 bales of cloth1 kegs of gunpowder1 shot1 cases of guns1 and all the other etceteras which comprise an ,indian's wants4 ,the furs are examined1 counted and sorted1 made up into large bales1 shipped on board the ,moose schooner1 and taken to ,moose1 where they remain until they are put on board the yearly ship1 to be transported to ,england4 ,at ,rupert's ,house the number of residents in the service of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company was about fifty2 these were all half-castes1 but speaking ,english as well as if born in ,england4 ,they were very well conducted1 several of them were communicants2 #8and although there is not yet1 ,i am sorry to say1' wrote the bishop at that time1 #8a resident clergyman among them1 all are punctual in their attendance at an ,english service held for them by their trader every ,sunday4 #8,the ,indians did number somewhat over three hundred1 but for the last few years they have suffered greatly from a failure of food4 ,and many of them have been starved to death4 ,all are now ,christians1 but when ,i first went to them they were in a sad state of heathenism2 their minds were very dark1 and their deeds corresponded thereto4 ,they were devoted to conjuring1 having the most superstitious dread of the conjurer's power4 ,their sick they never burdened themselves with for any length of time2 there was the unfailing remedy of relief1 the bowstring2 for death required no attention save the burying of the body4 ,parents1 as soon as they became dependent on their children1 were subjected to the same operation4 ,murder for gain was rife2 indeed1 ,i could hardly point to any place better adapted to illustrate the text1 8,the dark places of the earth are full of the habitations of cruelty10 than ,rupert's ,house4 ,but of many of the ,indians it might now be said1 8,but ye are washed1 but ye are sanctified40 ,all are baptized4 #8,in consequence of the immensity of my charge1 ,i am not able to visit ,rupert's ,house as ,i did formerly every summer4 ,when my canoe was seen approaching1 every man1 woman1 and child would leave their tents1 and come and stand on the river's bank to see their 8father10 as they called me1 and1 if possible1 to get a shake of his hand4 ,for some years we had no church1 but assembled in a large upper room kindly placed at our disposal4 ,within a short time of my arrival1 it was always packed as full as it could hold1 and so it would be two or three times every day of my stay4 ,and then every family came to me privately1 and we talked over the events of the previous winter3 how they had been off for food2 whether furs had been plentiful or not2 who had been sick1 and who had died2 how they had followed their religious duties2 what instruction they had given their children4 ,the whole family history of the year was gone through1 and reproof1 commendation1 or encouragement given1 as the case required4 #8,how full of work was every day1 and every minute of every day6 ,from six o'clock in the morning until nearly nine at night1 except at meal times1 it was work1 work1 work2 but what blessed work6 ,how the people responded to every call6 ,it was work which made me bless ,god for calling me to enjoy so high a privilege4 ,and many see things now with a much clearer eye than when they were ministered to by ,his servant4 ,he directed them to the ,master1 and into the ,master's presence they have entered4' ,the bishop was more and more desirous to be able to place a missionary permanently at ,rupert's ,house4 ,the ,rev4 ,h4 ,nevitt1 who had already made acquaintance with the station1 would have liked to be located there1 but he could not be spared from ,moose until someone came to take his place4 ,the #8someone' expected had not come out in the last year's ship1 and was still anxiously looked for4 ,in ,july the bishop visited ,martin's ,falls1 a canoe voyage of three hundred miles from ,albany4 ,the ,indians here he found not very satisfactory1 being steeped much more deeply in heathenism than any others in the diocese1 not very accessible1 remaining at the station no longer than was necessary for their trading purposes4 ,he determined to place a resident catechist there4 ,he then went on two hundred and fifty miles further1 by a most difficult route1 to ,osnaburgh1 situated on a large and beautiful lake4 ,here1 morning1 noon1 and night1 the teaching went on4 ,the bishop's heart was gladdened to see that ,god was blessing the work1 and he made up his mind to appoint one of his divinity students as pastor at the post2 in the meantime he left a trusty native agent1 himself an ,osnaburgh ,indian1 in charge4 ,in #ahhf this man writes as follows3 #8,i wish to tell you ,i am doing the work you wanted me to do4 ,only some of the ,osnaburgh ,indians listen to me4 ,i am always going about4 ,last fall ,i went very far to see the ,cranes2 they are good people1 and say prayers morning and evening4 ,i wish you would let ,queen ,victoria know that ,i am teaching her people to serve and fear ,god and to love ,jesus4 #8,,james ,,umbasi4' ,in ,july the ,rev4 ,j4 ,peck returned from his visit to ,england1 bringing with him a wife4 ,they remained for the time with the bishop4 ,the ,moose ,church1 or ,cathedral1 had been enlarged by means of a new chancel2 the hundred seats thereby gained were a great comfort to the congregation4 #8,it is a long time1' says the bishop1 #8since ,i felt happier than on the dedication day4' ,ship time was again approaching1 not quite so anxious a time1 now that a year's provision in advance was safely stored on the mission premises4 ,the poor would not want1 and the missionary would be fed4 ,but how little did any think how greatly those stores would be needed this year6 ,the ship1 the ,princess ,royal1 came2 she discharged her precious cargo1 consisting of all the necessaries for all the inhabitants of ,south ,moosonee2 and then she reloaded with bales of furs1 huge bags of feathers1 and hogsheads of oil4 ,she left her anchorage1 and got out over the long and crooked bar at the mouth of the river4 ,she was then assailed by a terrible storm of three days' duration1 which drove her back over the bar again1 and ashore on an extensive sand-bank4 ,here she was fiercely buffeted by the sea1 and threatened to part asunder4 ,the life-boat was lowered1 and into it got the pilot1 the second mate1 and ten of the crew1 who succeeded in reaching the schooner ,martin1 which lay at anchor in the river4 ,the captain and remainder of the crew were to follow in the pinnace1 but the risk for the pinnace was greater than that for the life-boat1 therefore they decided on remaining by the ship4 ,the vessel was half full of water1 and after a night of anxious watching they were taken ashore by the ,martin4 ,the vessel lay a total wreck about fourteen miles from ,moose4 ,all was done that could be done for the shipwrecked mariners4 ,the men were taken into the employ of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company1 one of the carpenter's shops being fitted up for their accommodation4 ,their own cook prepared their meals4 ,mr4 ,peck was appointed chaplain to them1 his sailor experiences especially fitting him for the service4 ,the bishop and his divinity students held night-school for them twice a week1 teaching navigation1 reading1 writing1 and arithmetic1 closing always with singing and study of the ,scriptures and prayer4 ,all behaved well2 the captain set his men an excellent example2 never being absent from his place in church as long as he remained at the station4 ,in the midst of all this1 the bishop was still occupied in his important translation work4 ,he had in the summer examined and revised an edition of the ,pilgrim's ,progress into ,cree1 by the ,rev4 ,j4 ,vincent4 ,he hoped to be able to send the work home by the next ship1 to be printed4 ,the names of some of the characters in this work are remarkable for their length in the ,cree dress4 ,christian is the same as in ,english1 but ,hopeful is ,opuhosalems2 ,faithful is ,atapwawinewen2 ,little ,faith1 ,tapwayaletumowineshish2 ,evangelist is ,miloachemowililew2 ,save-all is ,misewamunachetow2 ,money-love is ,sakeskooleanas2 ,worldly ,wisdom is ,uskewekutatawaletumowilileu6 #8,i think1' says the bishop1 commenting on the translation1 #8that the ,indians of ,moosonee will be as well able to appreciate and enjoy this wondrous book as the generality of their ,english brethren4' ,the work was printed with the help and through the agency of the ,religious ,tract ,society 7the friend and helper of all evangelical workers72 and we give a specimen of it1 that our readers may see what the printed page is like4 ,in ,march #ahhe1 the bishop had at last been able to commence the erection of a new and large building in which to place the winter stores4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,page ,,of ,,the ,,cree #8,,pilgrim',s ,,progress' #8,we have been logging1' he wrote2 #8,i have two men and a boy cutting logs1 and sawing them with large pit saws4 ,they are working at ,maidman ,island1 three miles distant4 ,we shall not be able to get our boards home until open water1 but when the sawing is completed we shall get on with the frame4' ,april brought with it a second epidemic of influenza2 the packeters returning from ,abbitibbe with the letters conveyed it to ,moose4 ,everyone1 except a few ,europeans1 was attacked1 and work was at a standstill4 ,many deaths resulted1 and the bishop's heart was sad4 ,the poor folks at ,moose had been disappointed too by the failure of grey geese and wavies1 as well as the beautiful snow-buntings1 which generally come in clouds1 just before the geese4 ,the bishop greatly feared that when the ,indians came in from their hunting-grounds they would all take the dreaded influenza1 and that their tents would become the scene of disease and misery4 ,on ,may #h the great guns1 the break-up signal1 were fired4 ,the ,indians follow the ice down1 and so as soon as the passage was practicable canoe after canoe appeared opposite ,bishop's ,court1 and the bank was alive with men1 women1 children1 and dogs4 #8,there they were1' says the bishop1 #8just as well as when they went in the autumn4 ,we soon entered the house of prayer to thank our ,heavenly ,father for the loving care ,he had exercised towards those who for so many months had had their home amongst the gloomy forests of ,moosonee4 ,each family was then seen apart1 and ,i was made acquainted with the whole history of the winter4 #8,in ,june a dispersion took place1 when most of the men manned the boats which take the supplies to the stations in the interior1 and most of their wives and families going off to the fishing-stations1 only to come in on ,saturday to take part in the ,sunday services4 ,the morning of departure presented a busy scene--from the store issued the men1 carrying bags of flour1 kegs of pork and gunpowder1 bales of cloth1 calico1 and leather1 cases of guns1 chests of tea1 and all the things mentioned in a trader's inventory4 ,all is snugly packed in the boats1 the signal given1 and they push off from the launch4 ,it is a pretty sight1 the men are all standing up1 and their long ironclad poles for a time rise together as they force their respective boats forward1 bending to the work1 and putting forth their strength4 #8,two of the boats were under the guidance of ,jacob ,mekwatch1 8our prince of hunters40 ,the other three boats were under the charge of ,james ,gideon1 another excellent ,indian and good hunter1 who had several men among his crews who could conduct a service and deliver a very good address--for all of the most intelligent ,indians are trained to do this1 so that when there is no clergyman at the place one of them may be able to lead his fellow ,indians in worship4 ,all looked well1 no one complained4 ,but many days had not elapsed before influenza attacked the boats' crews2 one after the other of the poor men succumbed1 and was brought back to be under medical care4 ,james ,gideon became so ill that it was feared he would die1 and many of his crew were but little better4 ,it was a sad time1 for many were taken ill so far up the river that it was judged best for them to remain with the boats4 ,happily1 though there was so much sickness1 there were no deaths4 ,it was a sad1 sad time4' ,but brighter days dawned at last4 ,entrusting the station to ,mr4 ,nevitt's care1 the bishop started on a long visitation tour1 from which he did not return till late in the autumn4 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,christmas ,,and ,,new ,,year',s ,,day ,,at ,,albany ,the bishop was very busy during the early part of the winter of #ahhe1 fulfilling the duties of the doctor 7who was absent at ,albany7 in addition to his own4 ,but he felt well and strong1 and happy in the progress of all his work4 ,he was revising and correcting his translation1 with a view to a new edition being printed1 of the ,book of ,common ,prayer1 and the hymn-book1 which he had compiled many years before4 ,the first editions of both he had himself printed at ,moose1 and bound too4 ,in earlier days the ,indians had carried their few pages of neatly written-out texts1 and hymns1 and ,gospel portions between strips of bark fastened together with thongs of deer-skin4 ,the first bound books were a strange novelty to them4 ,december found him once more setting out for ,albany4 ,the archdeacon having gone to ,england to see his ,pilgrim's ,progress through the press1 the bishop had arranged to spend ,christmas at that station4 ,on ,december #ah he walked down to the starting-point4 ,the sledge was already on the ice1 and presently the dogs1 each held by its own trace1 were brought down and fastened to it--it being strongly moored the while1 lest they should run off with it1 so eager were they to go4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,dog ,,sledge #8,all being ready1 ,i got into my sledge and looked at my team4 ,it was composed of twelve splendid creatures1 perfectly clean1 and in the best of order1 with ears erect and their fine tails gracefully turned up over their backs2 they were jumping and howling1 endeavouring to move the sledge4 ,i said good-bye to the numerous friends around me2 ,i waved adieu to many others standing on the river's bank2 the binding rope was cast off1 and then not a sound was heard1 save the soft movement of the sledge over the snow1 and the tinkling of the musical bells attached to the dogs' necks4 ,we sped down the river at a great rate2 the houses were soon left behind1 and we were in the wilderness4 ,at the river's mouth the ice became quite smooth1 with the smallest sprinkling of snow on its surface--its best possible condition4 ,there was no cold in the air1 ,i needed no wrapping up2 it was the perfection of travelling4 ,at about fourteen miles from ,moose we saw the ill-fated ,princess ,royal1 standing with her masts erect2 a few miles further on1 at the ,north ,bluff ,beacon1 we remained for half an hour to give the dogs a rest1 and to take a little refreshment4 ,then on and on2 the dogs1 requiring no whip to urge them1 either galloped or went at a fast trot the whole way to ,piskwamisk1 8,the place of the stone heaps10 where we encamped4 ,we had gone nearly forty miles in six hours4 ,we soon made ourselves comfortable2 a fire was lit in the tent1 the robes spread1 and in a little while a good cup of coffee was ready1 which1 with a biscuit1 was enough until the evening's substantial meal4 #8,the good dogs were then attended to1 the harness taken off1 a collar with a chain attached was placed around each dog's neck1 and1 to prevent their indulging in the much-desired fight1 each was fastened to a separate tree stump1 close to which was strewn some fine brush for a bed4 ,all were then served with a good supper of fish1 and after looking round to see that no more was forthcoming1 they coiled themselves up1 with their tails over their heads1 and nothing was heard of them until next morning4 ,the whole of the next day we were obliged to remain in camp1 the weather being very rough1 and the atmosphere so thick that we could scarcely see fifty yards out to sea4 ,it was still somewhat thick on the morning of the third day1 but as meat for the dogs failed we were obliged to proceed4 ,it cleared soon after starting1 and four hours brought us to our next encampment1 ,cock ,point4 ,we were now forty miles from ,albany1 and this we accomplished in little more than six hours on the day following4 #8,i found all well3 young ,kelk and his brothers quite as ready for a romp as ever1 and as ready as ever to run a snow-shoe race1 or join in the glorious game of 8tobogganing40 ,but work was to occupy most of my attention4 ,i visited all the people1 by whom ,i was most warmly received1 and ,i invited them to our ,christmas services--not that services had been neglected1 for ,sunday after ,sunday1 ,mr4 ,broughton1 ,chrissie's husband1 had conducted an ,english service2 while young ,mr4 ,vincent1 the archdeacon's son1 conducted an ,indian one4 ,illustration3 ,,albany1 ,,hudson',s ,,bay #8,christmas ,day dawned bright and clear4 ,before it was light the church was nearly filled with ,indians1 many having come in from their distant hunting-grounds to join in the festival4 ,the singing was hearty1 and the attention throughout very deep4 ,as ,i read and spoke of the love of ,christ1 the manger of ,bethlehem1 the joy of the angels1 the adoration of the shepherds1 and the blessings ,christ is willing to dispense to all who believe on ,him1 we all1 ,i think1 felt that ,christ was with us of a truth4 ,at four o'clock another congregation assembled4 ,there were only two or three persons present who had ever seen ,england1 yet the ,english language is well spoken by nearly everyone1 and this service was as enjoyable as its predecessor had been4 ,in the afternoon we had our third service1 in ,indian1 and after the sermon twenty-eight of us knelt around the ,lord's table4 #8,on ,new ,year's ,day1 at five o'clock1 ,i was serenaded by the 8,albany ,band40 ,it consists of a drum1 a violin1 and a triangle1 and on these three instruments our ,new ,year's morning music was discoursed4 ,two hours and a half later there was a good congregation in the church1 in which we met to return thanks for the mercies of the past year1 and to ask a continuance of them during that so lately begun4 ,i preached on ,psalm xc4 #ab1 8,so teach us to number our days1 that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom40 ,directly after breakfast we began to prepare for visitors1 the entire population of ,albany4 ,for their consumption a large quantity of currant wine1 cakes1 and tea was provided1 together with an abundance of sweets1 intended mostly for the little ones4 ,about ten o'clock all the men-servants of the establishment came in1 dressed in their best1 and1 after wishing us a 8,happy ,new ,year10 all sat around the room1 and a lively conversation began4 ,but what a difference now from the old days6 ,then1 nearly all were ,europeans1 for very few natives were fit for the service in any capacity2 now1 all are natives4 ,shop-master1 blacksmith1 cooper1 carpenters1 storekeeper--not one of them has ever seen more than five hundred people at one time1 and now all would be able to take their places in the workshops of ,england1 speaking and reading ,english as if born in ,england4 ,the oldest present ,i married four-and-thirty years ago1 and he and his wife have now a goodly number of grandchildren4 ,all are very well conducted1 nearly all are communicants4 ,what would the state of things have been had there been no mission in the country6 #8,the men and lads having departed1 after an interval the wives1 daughters1 and young children came in1 and a goodly number they were1 healthy and strong2 while in colour they were of all shades1 from pure white to dark brown4 ,all spoke ,english well--quite as good1 nay1 very much better ,english than is spoken by many of the working-classes in ,england2 while all above the age of seven years can read fairly4 ,this was a very enjoyable party1 the enjoyment culminating in a grand scramble for sweets4 #8,after our dinner the ,indians all came in again4 ,there was a little speech-making1 and a great deal of cake-eating and tea-drinking2 after which grandfather1 and daughter1 and son-in-law1 and the four young grandsons1 had the evening to themselves1 and a very pleasant one they had4 #8,new ,year's ,day was over4 ,a few days more passed1 and then on the morning of ,january #e the sledge and dogs--now thirteen--were once more on the ice4 ,we started4 ,the cold was terrible1 thirty-five degrees below zero1 and a strong wind blowing4 ,six hours afterwards we were in our tent1 making a fire1 over which a kettle of good coffee was soon boiling4 ,the next day1 and still the next day1 the wind was equally strong1 the temperature nearly as low1 and the atmosphere filled with fine particles of snow4 ,the third day was our last out1 and at three o'clock in the afternoon ,i was once more in my old quarters4 ,i found all well1 and at once fell into the old routine of work4' ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,the ,,packet ,,month #8,february is the most interesting month of the year to us2 it is the 8,packet ,month10 the month in which we have our one communication with the outer world during the dreary months of our long winter4 ,on the third day of the month1 #ahhf1 we had two arrivals--,mr4 ,broughton and ,mr4 ,vincent1 the agents from ,rupert's ,house and ,albany--each bringing the 8packet0 of his respective district4 ,the news was generally good1 but from the smallest post of all--,english ,river--came the saddest possible4 ,three children of the only resident there1 the whole of whom were in robust health in the autumn1 were cut off by diphtheria in the course of eleven days1 in the beginning of winter4 ,illustration3 ,,an ,,indian ,,travelling ,,on ,,snow-,,shoes #8,on the #eth1 a little after breakfast1 the 8packeters0 were espied crossing the river1 in snow-shoes4 ,directly they arrived their precious load was transferred to the ,hudson's ,bay ,company offices2 there hammers and chisels1 seized by willing hands1 soon knocked the covers from the boxes1 and the work of distribution commenced4 ,all my letters are thrown upon the table2 the eye travels along them somewhat nervously1 brightening as this and that well-known hand is seen1 looking with sad inquiry at such as are black-edged1 and disappointedly anxious if those expected most are not forthcoming4 ,the receiving of letters is good2 the answering of them1 when they are many in number1 is great drudgery4 ,telephones have not come our way yet1 and the nearest telegraph office is about four hundred miles distant4 #8,on the #gth the break-up of our party commenced4 ,mr4 ,broughton started for ,albany4 ,in the evening the packet was closed1 and the next morning the 8packeters0 once more turned their faces southwards1 and set out on their three hundred miles' tramp to ,abbitibbe2 thence the packet will be forwarded to ,temiscamingue and ,matawa1 and twelve days more will take it to ,england4' ,in ,march ,mr4 ,nevitt left ,moose ,fort for ,rupert's ,house1 with the purpose of at length establishing a permanent mission at that station4 #8,for many years ,i had longed1 with a most earnest longing1 to see a missionary established there1 until the heart was beginning to grow sick1 and at last ,i determined to give up all help here at ,moose1 rather than allow my dear hungering people to remain longer without a shepherd to watch over them4 ,i therefore told ,mr4 ,nevitt to prepare for departure4 ,this was neither unexpected nor disagreeable to him4 ,a train of dogs and a sledge arrived from ,rupert's ,house1 which1 after a few days' stay here1 were to return thither with supplies of various kinds4 ,here was an opportunity not to be neglected4 ,a few necessaries were collected and placed in the sledge1 and1 after having been commended to ,god's providential care1 he set out for his new home1 accompanied by two members of his future flock4 ,one of them1 ,richard ,swanson1 was educated at our mission school at ,moose2 the other1 ,samuel ,wesley1 at the school at ,albany4' ,this spring there was a flood of a somewhat serious character at ,moose4 ,at three o'clock one morning in ,april1 a heavy crash awoke all the inhabitants of the fort4 ,an immense field of ice was borne in on the land1 the water rose several feet at once1 and everyone was on the alert4 ,nothing serious happened during the day1 and ,mrs4 ,peck1 who was staying at ,moose on account of her health1 and the servant retired to bed about half-past nine4 ,at eleven the alarm bell was rung2 almost everyone fled to the factory2 the bishop took ,mrs4 ,peck to one of the mission buildings further from the river1 he himself remaining up to watch4 ,early the next morning they went to the company's establishment1 where the bishop spent the day in bed1 for he had passed the greater part of two nights without removing his clothes4 ,had the water risen only a little higher1 the results would have been very disastrous4 ,as it was1 the scene all around was desolate in the extreme4 ,however1 ,easter ,sunday dawned bright and fair1 the ice yielded to the current1 and the water found again its proper channel4 ,when ,may came that year the snow had disappeared1 the grass was becoming green1 the air was mild and genial1 and the birds were singing in the woods1 despite the huge ice blocks which still were lying there4 ,june1 #ahhf1 was the finest month the bishop had ever known in ,hudson's ,bay4 ,generally at that time winter has scarcely departed1 and the trees show no appearance of life2 but now the poplars were bursting into leaf1 the willows were already clothed with the first fresh flush of green1 birds hopped among the branches1 the cattle bells told that the cows were grazing near at hand1 and the meadows formed one superb carpet4 ,the hearts of all in that sterile land rejoiced1 but ,moose was comparatively empty1 for the season being so advanced the ,indian brigades had left early4 #8,before starting they came to me1 mostly one by one1 each to give me his little confidence4 ,one said3 8,i have not yet given my subscription to the church1 and will give it now1 but ,i am not able to do as much as ,i did last year2 then ,i made a good fur hunt1 this year but a very poor one2 but ,i know we must not appear before ,god empty1 so ,i will do what ,i can40 ,another said3 8,pray for me while ,i am away4 ,i know ,i have given you a great deal of trouble1 and ,i am very sad at heart at thinking how wickedly and foolishly ,i have acted1 but ,i hope ,i shall be very different in future40 ,another3 8,my wife has been taken ill2 ,i shall be glad if you will go to her1 and read and pray by her40 ,another and another and yet another required a book1 some two1 a ,prayer and hymn-book2 then all descend to their boats1 which speedily make from the shore1 and1 impelled by heavy oars1 they commence their journey4' ,on ,july #a1 #ahhf1 the bishop wrote3 #8,it is hot2 we are being literally baked1 and from the heat there is scarcely any shelter1 for the houses1 all made of wood1 retain the heat in such a manner that they are like ovens4 ,but we are getting exactly the weather we need1 with a prospect of very fair crops of potatoes and turnips1 and1 what is better1 of being free from the terrible epidemics which have caused so much sorrow during the last few years4 ,the packet1 or rather the first instalment of it1 reached us late in the evening of ,sunday1 ,june #bj--the first news from the outer world since the beginning of ,february2 and then for a day or two we were deep in letters and newspapers4 ,but the #bcrd was the great day of arrivals1 for we had no less than three4 ,in the early morning1 soon after getting up1 we saw a large boat coming up the river2 the boat from ,rupert's ,house1 coming for supplies for the mission4 ,presently we saw a large canoe1 and from the shape of it we knew it must be from ,fort ,george1 and that our dear friend and earnest worker1 ,mr4 ,peck1 must be in it2 and very soon ,i had the pleasure of grasping by the hand a sunburnt1 weather-beaten son of toil1 who1 after more than four months of hard and continuous work--of travel by snow-shoe1 dog-sledge1 and canoe--returned to his wife1 to find her as well as she had ever been in her life1 and hoping to see a steam-launch1 which had been sent out for his use1 ready for sea1 that he might at once leave again for his northern home4 ,but in this he was disappointed1 for the job of putting the various parts together was more difficult than we had anticipated4 ,during the whole month the hammers were giving forth their noise from four o'clock in the morning until night4 ,all the mission staff1 setting aside their work1 spent day after day in steaming planks1 nailing them on1 in sawing wood1 in caulking1 and painting1 and puttying4 ,on the same day came the remainder of the packet4 #8,throughout the first days of ,july all were still occupied with ,mr4 ,peck's boat4 ,the hammering went on2 nail after nail was driven1 and the caulking went on incessantly2 the air was filled with the odour of burning tar4 ,on the #ith the craft was ready to be launched4 ,in the evening almost everyone in the place was at the mission1 either as a spectator or a helper4 ,we had a long way to drag the boat1 and this occupied nearly two hours4 ,then we had the pleasure of seeing it descend quietly into the water1 in which1 ,i trust1 it will make many voyages for the extension of the kingdom of our ,lord among the ,indians and ,eskimo of the wide district of ,east ,main4 #8,all now were busy in preparation for departure1 for the sooner our friends arrived at their place of destination the better4 ,saturday was so employed1 and so was ,monday2 while on ,sunday we held three delightful services1 at two of which ,mr4 ,peck preached4 #8,on ,tuesday the boat was loaded with casks of flour1 cans of beef and salt pork1 chests of tea1 and all the other etceteras needful to housekeeping1 for at ,fort ,george the nearest shop is three hundred miles away4 ,about two o'clock in the afternoon it went down the river4 ,an hour afterwards1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,peck and our kind doctor entered a canoe and1 amid the blessing and prayers of a large number of people assembled on the bank of the river1 they set off4 ,canoe and boat went on to ,ship's ,sands1 an island eight miles down the river4 ,here they passed the night4 ,the next day ,mr4 ,peck went on board his boat1 while ,mrs4 ,peck continued her voyage in the canoe4 ,in a few days ,east ,main was reached2 here ,mrs4 ,peck rested for a night4 ,east ,main was formerly the principal ,hudson's ,bay ,company's station in ,james' ,bay1 but the river silting up and preventing the annual ship from getting near enough for protection from the open sea1 ,moose became the head-quarters of the fur trade4 ,a hundred and fifty miles had yet to be travelled1 which would occupy five or six days4 ,at last ,fort ,george1 a few miles up the ,fort ,george ,river1 was reached1 the home of the faithful missionary and his brave and faithful wife4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,church ,,at ,,fort ,,george #8,when the ,pecks had left1 an influenza cold attacked almost everyone at ,moose1 persistently clinging to the sufferers2 but is it any wonder that we have colds here1 when sometimes there is a difference of over fifty degrees between the temperature of the morning and evening8 ,in the morning we may be almost roasting3 before evening the wind may have suddenly chopped round to the north1 and1 sweeping over the frozen bay1 may render fires and warm coats desirable1 if not necessary4' ,,chapter ,,xviii ,,churchill ,,and ,,matawakumma ,in #ahhf the bishop wrote with much thankfulness of the location of the ,rev4 ,j4 ,lofthouse at ,churchill--#8the last house in the world1' as he called it1 for there is no other between it and the ,north ,pole4 ,churchill boasts1 however1 of quite a little colony of ,english and half-caste ,chipwyans1 ,eskimo1 and ,crees4 ,the ,chipwyans are difficult to trade with1 and apt to avoid a station for years if their demands are not complied with4 ,they are cruel to their wives and their dogs1 and are terrible thieves1 but they stand in great fear of the ,eskimo4 ,the ,eskimo of ,churchill are not so bloodthirsty as their brethren in the west1 who come in with their faces marked with red ochre1 to indicate that they have committed a murder during the winter1 a mark in which they glory1 for in their opinion there is more honour in killing a human being than in killing a walrus or white bear4 ,illustration3 ,,churchill ,,in ,,summer ,out of the world as it seems1 ,churchill is a busy place with the coming and going of ,crees1 ,eskimo1 and ,chipwyans4 ,the annual ship goes thither from ,york ,factory1 and boats have to be built for the loading and unloading of the cargo1 as well as or carrying on the trade further north with ,mable ,island4 ,food is very dear1 and is obtained with toil and difficulty4 ,in summer1 porpoises are hunted2 in winter1 bears1 wolves1 and foxes are shot4 ,the cold is intense1 and quantities of wood must be hewn1 and hauled home on sledges drawn by the ,eskimo dog4 ,the short summer will scarcely allow any garden produce to come to perfection4 ,a few very poor and puny potatoes are grown1 which are highly prized by the ,europeans1 and carefully eked out4 ,a very little hay is made for the winter fodder of the cows2 which1 however1 gladly eat the nourishing white moss1 which is the food of the reindeer4 #8,i must tell you1' says the bishop1 with a spice of humour1' about the ,churchill cows1 for they are--or were--a curious lot4 ,there were three of them4 ,about one there was nothing very particular1 except that it was somewhat of a dwarf4 ,the second went about harnessed1 for1 ,churchill pasture not making her particularly fat1 she was so supple that she required no milkmaid to milk her2 she did it herself1 and seemed to enjoy the exercise4 ,the harness supported a bag1 which enclosed the udder1 and which prevented her from indulging in a draught of new milk4 ,the third had an artificial tail4 ,the poor brute had been off at a little distance from the place1 when she was set upon by some wolves2 she bellowed1 and at once made for home1 where she arrived almost frightened to death1 and without a tail4 ,what was to be done now8 ,the flies were in myriads1 and1 if she had no protection against them1 they would put her to a much more cruel death than that threatened by the wolves4 ,a happy thought struck one of the colony of fifty4 ,they had a dead cow's tail lying in the store6 ,why not use that8 ,the suggestion was at once acted upon2 the tail was attached to the stump by means of some twine1 and over it was tied some canvas1 well saturated with ,stockholm tar4 ,it was a great success1 and the creature was again able to do battle with her diminutive but persevering foes4' ,in undertaking the distant station of ,churchill1 in the midst of a dreary waste1 ,mr4 ,lofthouse had a life of self-denial before him1 as well as very serious work1 not the least of which was the necessity for learning three languages1 neither of them bearing any resemblance to the other4 ,for example1 the phrase #8,it is good' is in ,chipwyan nazo1 in ,cree milwashiu1 and in ,eskimo peyokumme4 ,far away from ,moose1 five hundred miles distant1 very difficult to reach--the journey to it occupying about twenty days--is the station of ,matawakumma4 ,long and dangerous rapids have to be ascended1 long and disagreeable portages to be crossed1 one of which is four miles in length4 ,one long lake--,kinokummisse1 meaning #8long lake'--must be traversed1 and another--,matawakumma1 #8,the meeting of the waters'--must be gone over4 ,illustration3 ,,on ,,the ,,churchill ,,river ,the station is very prettily situated on a long point of land which runs almost across the lake4 ,there are a few houses representing the fur-trading establishment4 ,at a short distance is the modest parsonage-house and neat church1 both of which have been almost entirely erected by the ,rev4 ,j4 ,saunders' own hands4 ,it was the most isolated station in ,moosonee1 but it is so no longer1 as at only two days' journey distant runs the great ,canadian ,pacific railroad1 by which all supplies are now introduced into that part of the country4 ,there is at present no danger of starvation here1 but formerly1 when all supplies were got up from ,moose1 and were consequently limited1 great privation was frequently experienced4 ,if the rabbits failed1 famine stared the inhabitants in the face4 ,the worst year ever known was the one the bishop first spent in the country1 when a fourth of the entire population died1 some from actual starvation1 the rest being killed and eaten by their friends6 ,the tales of that terrible winter are heartrending in the extreme4 ,the most painful case was that of a man and his wife who lost their whole family of six children4 ,among the ,indians of ,matawakumma was one named ,arthur ,martin4 #8,i forget his ,indian name1' says the bishop4 #8,i give the name he received at his baptism4 ,at the time referred to he was a young man1 and was not subjected to as great privations as some of his countrymen4 ,i received him into the ,church in #aheb1 and in #ahed ,i received his wife1 on my first visit to ,matawakumma1 where ,i married them4 ,many of the ,indians there clung very closely to their old superstitions1 and the drum and the conjuring tents were in constant requisition4 ,some of them still hold back1 not having yet taken the ,saviour to their hearts4 #8,but this was not the case with ,arthur and his wife2 when once they had put their hand to the plough1 they looked not back again4 ,their ,saviour was their all in all4 ,they both learnt to read1 and made themselves well acquainted with the books as they came out in the ,ojibbeway language1 the only one they knew1 and they did their best to train their children in the ways of the ,lord4 ,their eldest son1 ,louis1 one of the most intelligent ,indians ,i have ever known1 followed in his father's steps1 and eventually became a valuable catechist in the mission4 ,his letters were excellent1 while to ,mr4 ,saunders he was invaluable1 assisting him in everything2 for he handled hammer1 axe1 and paddle with equal facility1 and he was his constant companion in his journeys through the country4 ,i had hopes that eventually ,i might ordain him1 and thus increase both his influence and usefulness among his countrymen2 but this was not to be4 ,he went with ,mr4 ,saunders to their railway station1 ,biscotasing2 in getting into a carriage while in motion1 he fell and injured his leg4 ,it required amputation2 the operation was performed1 and it was hoped that all would go well2 but a few days after mortification set in1 and the end soon came4 ,he seemed necessary for our work2 it never occurred to us that we might be obliged to do without him4 ,truly ,god moves in a mysterious way4 #8,the death of this son was a heavy blow to his father1 now growing old2 but he was soon resigned to the will of ,god1 and went on his ,christian course4 ,like ,job of old1 he was tried by personal suffering2 in that1 too1 his faith remained firm and steadfast4 ,a mist and darkness came over him--blindness took possession of both his eyes4 ,it was thought that his sight might be restored by an operation1 and he was sent down to ,moose for that purpose4 ,he was quite alone1 having no relative with him1 but he was taken good care of by a ,christian woman1 who tended him with sisterly devotion4 #8,for awhile he kept well1 was never absent from the house of ,god2 then weakness attacked him in the legs1 and he could no longer attend the services1 yet not a word of complaint fell from him4 ,he longed for news from home1 and this he received2 his wife was very unwell1 but hoped soon to see him back with her again4 ,inflammation of the lungs set in1 and in three or four days he had passed away4 ,god was with him in his trial1 and supported him4 ,he made all his bed in his sickness4 ,i saw him on the day of his death1 ,september #ab1 between the morning and afternoon services4 ,blind and speechless1 he lay in his tent surrounded by a few ,christian friends1 who said that he was quite insensible4 ,he regained consciousness as ,i spoke to him of ,jesus and ,his love4 ,when ,i asked him whether he felt ,jesus near1 a joyous1 assuring smile came over his countenance1 more expressive than the most eloquent of speeches4 #8,he was waiting in peace the ,master's call1 and it was not long in coming4 ,i commended him to ,god in prayer1 and1 shaking him warmly by the hand1 hurried off to church to conduct service4 ,soon afterwards the messenger arrived to summon him to the ,master's presence4 ,with the ,lord he went through the dark valley2 with ,him he crossed the dividing river1 and then entered the joy of his ,lord4' ,,chapter ,,xix ,a ,,day ,,at ,,bishop',s ,,court ,the bishop was now contemplating a visit to ,england4 ,he had not seen his wife or children for six years1 and looked forward to meeting them in the fatherland once more4 ,he hoped to leave ,moose in ,june #ahhh1 to be in time for the ,lambeth ,conference in ,july4 ,he intended the summer following to visit ,york and ,churchill1 in ,north ,moosonee1 which could be more conveniently done in starting from ,england4 #8,to visit them from ,moose1' he said1 #8would involve a very1 very long and expensive journey1 and a winter's stay1 which is now quite unnecessary1 seeing that both stations are well occupied1 and ,i can do much more for the missions in ,england than ,i could there4' ,in ,february #8the packet' came1 and friends from all the surrounding stations gathered together to bring and receive letters1 and to wish him ,god speed on his proposed journey4 ,may-day came1 and a depth of snow lay upon the ground4 ,the river was still ice-bound4 ,all ,nature was hushed1 not even the #8goose call' was heard1 for the weather was so severe that the geese kept close4 ,one of the mission party went off early1 and sat for many hours in his goose-stand with his decoy geese professionally arranged1 but he returned unsuccessful4 ,the bishop too was up early4 #8,i always am1' he wrote1 #8wishing to have an hour of perfect quiet before the duties of the day begin4 ,i generally read a chapter of the ,hebrew ,bible every morning4 ,i was never taught to read it4 ,i never heard a word of it read1 except what is contained in the ,english ,bible2 yet ,i have read the ,hebrew ,bible right through1 carefully and grammatically4 ,hebrew is a very difficult language1 but it is not insurmountable1 and the word impossible must never find its way into the vocabulary of one who intends to devote himself to mission work4 ,a man who is daunted by difficulties1 who thinks there is a possibility of his not acquiring the language of the people to whom he may be sent1 had far better never put his foot on ship-board for foreign work4 ,he will in the end prove a bitter disappointment1 both to himself and those who are associated with him4 8,i can do all things through ,christ1 who strengtheneth me10 must be the watchword of every one who enters the diocese of ,moosonee4 ,and now look at the #hdth ,psalm in the ,revised ,version2 observe the beauty of the sixth verse4 ,it is superlatively sweet and consolatory3 8,passing through the valley of weeping1 they make it a place of springs2 yea1 the early rain covereth it with blessings40 ,then ,i read the third chapter of ,st4 ,paul's ,epistle to the ,ephesians1 in ,greek2 what beauty1 too1 there is in this chapter1 especially in verses fourteen to nineteen4 #8,before ,i had completed the second chapter my three young grandsons1 ,fred1 ,arthur1 and ,sydney ,broughton1 had come into my sitting-room to wish me good-morning1 when the two elder ones remained to receive a lesson from me1 which they do every day4 ,family prayers were held at eight o'clock punctually1 for ,i am a very punctual man1 never keeping anyone waiting1 and we then discussed our frugal breakfast4 ,there was myself and my daughter ,chrissie--her husband having some time before gone to the ,hudson's ,bay ,company's establishment to preside at breakfast there2 my two grandsons1 and the ,rev4 ,e4 ,richards1 my much beloved native helper2 ,arthur and his beautiful little mischievous sister1 ,gertrude1 taking their breakfast with their nurse in another room4 ,we had one rabbit1 the last1 ,i am afraid1 for the season1 a little imported bacon1 and some good bread to eat1 while to drink we had excellent coffee4 #8,a little after ten o'clock ,i should have had the first class of our school in my room1 but thinking the shooting of a goose or duck as necessary an accomplishment in ,moosonee as writing a letter1 ,i had given the bigger boys a week's holiday to go goose-hunting1 and had moreover promised a prize to the most successful hunter4 ,then our doctor came in1 and we discussed the various cases under his care4 ,i take a deep interest in his work1 and always assist him when he requires help4 ,i am extremely sorry to find that the condition of a good young man1 married1 with one child1 is very critical4 ,consumption will1 ,i fear1 at no distant day make him its victim4 ,for dinner we had a little cold beef1 a part of the store laid by last autumn1 when the whole beef of the year was killed2 it was still quite fresh and good2 some mashed potatoes1 and afterwards a nice raspberry tart4 ,we drink spruce beer at dinner1 a most wholesome non-intoxicating drink1 refreshing and an excellent digestive4 ,after dinner much of my time was spent with two of my sick folk1 who delight in hearing the ,word of ,god read to them4' ,the rest of the bishop's day was filled up with study with his divinity students1 the ever continuing work of translation1 and lessons to an evening class of young men of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company4 ,he never permitted himself an idle moment4 #8,he had1' he said1 #8no desire to rust out4' ,and there seemed little danger of it4 ,on ,may #ca1 #ahhh1 the bishop left ,moose ,fort for ,england4 ,it was his fourth visit in the course of thirty-seven years of missionary life in the ,great ,lone ,land4 #8,what a day1' he writes1 #8was my last ,sunday at ,moose6 ,how fully were all the services attended6 ,what a large number of communicants1 and how solemn was our ordination service1 when the ,rev4 ,e4 ,richards was made priest6 ,how painful were the partings of the succeeding week1 for every one at ,moose is to me as a son or a daughter4 ,as the hour of departure approached a crowd assembled at the head of the island1 where ,i was to embark4 ,at four o'clock ,i stepped into my canoe1 and standing up1 the people being on the high bank1 ,i gave them my fatherly blessing4 ,i had two companions to go with me to ,canada--a young grandson1 eight years of age1 and a most loved young friend1 who was to stay with her uncle in ,montreal4 ,my daughter and her children accompanied me1 to remain for the night1 and the evening was one of cheerful sadness4 ,our encampment seemed like a small canvas village1 so many had come off in their canoes4 ,after the tents were all erected1 we soon had a good fire roaring in the forest1 by which we cooked our meal2 then we had a very solemn service1 and by half-past nine the fires were out1 the tents were closed1 and all was quiet4 #8,we were astir in the early morning1 when we again bent the knee together in prayer1 after which the last farewells were uttered1 the last kiss given--my last to my sweet little granddaughter1 ,gertrude1 who was too young to understand the nature of 8,good-bye10 and who would for many a day wonder why grandpapa did not come and have a romp with her1 and take his accustomed place at table4 ,then we descended to our respective canoes2 they to return to ,moose1 we to pursue our solitary way up the mighty river1 until we came to the great sign of modern civilisation1 the iron road of the steam-engine at ,missenabie1 a station of the ,canadian ,pacific ,railway4 ,i had five ,indians with me1 all good fellows1 ,christians1 in whom ,i had the fullest confidence1 and who1 ,i knew1 would do their very best to bring us in safety to the place of our destination4 ,they divided themselves into two bodies1 and took turn and turn about at the tracking4 ,a long line was attached to the canoe2 to this one party harnessed itself1 for in going against the stream the paddle is but little used1 the principal work being done by the tracking line and pole--the latter a powerful instrument of propulsion about nine feet long1 and shod with iron1 wonderfully useful among the rapids4 #8,at breakfast time we all went ashore2 a fire was kindled1 the kettle boiled1 a little meat cooked1 and1 sitting on boxes or stones1 the meal was consumed2 after which we continued our way until dinner-time1 when there was another halt4 ,then we went on again until eight o'clock1 when we put up for the night4 ,this was quite a business1 for we could not encamp everywhere4 ,we went up into the woods2 axes were brought into requisition1 and a large space was cleared2 the marquees were put up1 and everything was made as comfortable as possible1 so that presently we were quite at home2 supper1 conversation1 and service finished the day1 when we lay down1 grateful for continued mercies4 #8,in the morning1 during the breakfast hour1 all met near the fire2 we first had a hymn1 after which ,i read a portion of ,scripture1 and prayers from the ,prayer ,book4 ,prayer-time was to us a season of great refreshment4 ,we had sometimes heavy rains2 this caused us much trouble1 greatly increasing the difficulty and danger of the rapids4 ,frequently we were all obliged to get ashore1 and make our way as best we could through the pathless woods1 where the fallen trees were lying about in every direction4 ,this was intensely hard work4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,large ,,canoe ,,shooting ,a ,,rapid #8,on one occasion we had ascended a terrible and long rapid1 and had got by the easiest side of the stream just opposite the foot of our longest portage1 but between us and it ran the swollen and fiercely flowing river4 ,we all grasped a paddle firmly1 and bending with our full strength dashed out into the stream2 we could get no further1 and were swept down like lightning into the boiling rapid4 ,the sight was the most dangerous ,i had ever witnessed1 but the men were equal to the emergency4 ,turning round in the canoe1 the bow became the stern1 and we were kept clear of the rocks which threatened our destruction4 #8,then on we went again to face fresh dangers1 to meet with new difficulties2 still ever onwards1 till on ,saturday morning we came into the smooth waters of the ,missenabie ,lake4 ,missenabie was a small and inconsiderable post which up to this time had been buried deep in the wilderness1 but which by the carrying of the ,canadian ,pacific ,railway through the country1 had been brought to the very confines of the civilised world1 being only fifty miles from a railway station4' ,after spending ,sunday at ,missenabie1 a day's journey brought the travellers to ,missenabie station4 ,the ,indians heard for the first time the voice of the #8steam giant4' ,paddling with some difficulty under the wooden bridge which is the path of the #8fire-sledge1' the station was presently reached4 ,it was a dreary spot--a tent or two1 a couple of tumbledown stores1 a house or two for the railway officials1 and multitudes of mosquitoes4 ,a railway truck was the bishop's parlour2 in the booking-office he held services in three languages1 ,cree1 ,ojibbeway1 and ,english4 ,very early in the morning the train came in from the ,west1 and carried the party away4 ,to the little grandson1 aged eight1 all things were new and strange4 ,a lad passed through the cars with oranges and apples for sale2 the child had never seen either an apple or an orange in his life1 and when one of each was handed to him1 he asked1 #8,grandpapa1 which is which8' ,at ,ottawa1 ,montreal1 and the grand old town of ,quebec1 our travellers had some few days' rest4 ,at the latter place1 ,master ,fred saw a ,punch and ,judy show for the first time1 and enjoyed it2 and the bishop enjoyed it #8almost as much as he4' ,grandfather and grandson visited the site of the battle which gave ,quebec to ,england1 and the monuments erected to the memory of the brave ,generals ,montcalm and ,wolfe4 ,twelve days later they were in ,england4 #8,but1' says the bishop1 #8the heart was still far away across the water1 amid the secluded forests of ,moosonee4' ,,chapter ,,xx ,,closing ,,labours ,bishop ,horden did not spend a very great many months in ,england4 ,he left again on ,may #bb1 #ahhi1 the parting from wife and family being softened by the hope of shortly returning to them4 ,taking steamer direct for ,quebec1 he went on from thence to ,montreal--#8one of the most beautifully situated cities in the world1 containing fine shops1 a noble quay1 many grand houses1 and a large number of very fine churches4' ,the following evening he took his place in the train going west1 to spend three days and two nights in it4 ,the car was crowded1 and each day he--indefatigable man that he was--gave a much appreciated lecture to the occupants packed closely together around him4 ,after passing through hundreds of miles of wilderness he at last landed at ,winnipeg1 the capital of the ,west4 ,two or three hours later he was sitting in the ,parliament ,house1 witnessing the conferring of university degrees by the ,metropolitan1 amongst the students being ,miss ,holmes1 the first lady who had taken a degree in ,manitoba4 ,on ,sunday there was an ordination and confirmation1 and in the evening ,bishop ,horden preached in the cathedral1 although he was suffering from a severe cold contracted during his long railway journey4 ,the following day he started by rail and steamer for ,norway ,house1 which he reached on ,june #ad4 ,there used to be stirring times at ,norway ,house4 ,here the great council was held4 ,here in olden time the ,governor of the ,hudson's ,bay ,company1 who possessed more real power than the most arbitrary of sovereigns1 held his court annually1 and to it flocked the principal officers of the company4 ,the affairs of the country were discussed1 and everything was arranged for another year4 ,during the whole summer the greatest activity prevailed4 ,boats were continually arriving and departing2 now an immense brigade from ,york ,factory1 then another from the ,saskatchewan or the ,mackenzie ,river district4 ,the dwelling-houses were crowded1 and the great stores were constantly receiving or giving out supplies4 ,but the railway and steamers have changed all this1 and among other results have brought about the downfall of ,norway ,house4 ,goods for the interior are no longer sent to ,york ,factory1 and thence by boat to the various stations4 ,they are forwarded to the ,saskatchewan by rail and steamer1 and thence onward to the interior4 ,now ,norway ,house supplies only two or three trading posts in its immediate district4 ,very few officers and few men are required for the business4 ,the stores lie empty1 and the great square is almost deserted4 ,bishop ,horden spent two ,sundays here1 waiting for the boats to ,oxford ,house1 whence he journeyed on to ,york ,factory4 ,then he set off for ,churchill1 another journey of two hundred miles4 ,a peaceful voyage of nine days in a schooner1 the first that for twenty years had visited ,york ,factory1 brought the bishop to ,moose ,fort4 ,it was quite dark when he landed1 but a great crowd had gathered on the beach to welcome him1 chief amongst them his daughter1 ,mrs4 ,broughton1 and her husband1 and their three youngest children1 and ,archdeacon ,vincent1 who had been in charge at ,bishop's ,court4 #8,i was really at home1 and felt so overjoyed and so thankful2 ,i was happy1 and so seemed all around me4 ,monday was devoted to the affairs of the mission1 and it gratified me to find that things had gone on so well during my absence4 ,i visited all the people in their houses1 for they are very dear to me1 and found all well4' ,but his own house was lonely1 and would be lonelier still in the winter1 for the ,broughtons were to be now stationed at ,rupert's ,house4 ,he had not been expected to return so soon to ,moose2 the archdeacon had the work there well in hand1 whilst at ,albany ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,nevitt were fully installed4 ,he himself needed some little quiet and rest4 ,he decided1 therefore1 to go with his daughter and grandchildren to ,rupert's ,house for the next months4 ,the ,moose ship1 ,lady ,head1 had already arrived4 ,the season was advanced1 a parting service was held1 and once more the bishop went on board the ,mink1 and sailed with his dear ones for ,rupert's ,house4 ,here he came in contact with ,indians from various stations1 bringing in furs for barter at the factory4 ,the ,rev4 ,e4 ,richards assisted him in all his ministrations4 ,a cheerful ,christmas was followed by quiet work1 and then a busy and a happy ,eastertide1 notwithstanding the #8snow which lay several feet deep on the ground1 biting winds1 and the death-like appearance of all ,nature4' ,the spring was very dreary4 ,there was nothing for the geese to feed upon1 and the hunters came home evening after evening having shot nothing4 ,when the ,indians from the surrounding districts came in1 there was amongst them one very sad and reduced party4 ,where were the rest8 ,all1 to the number of eighteen1 had perished from starvation4 ,as the summer approached1 the bishop went northward to ,east ,main ,river--now a small outpost1 but once the most important place in the bay4 ,about one hundred ,indians had met together there1 and every moment was made the most of1 for they seldom saw a clergyman4 ,the bishop thence went in a boat to ,fort ,george4 ,this is almost the most interesting bit of travel in the country4 ,high and rocky islands1 some of them well wooded1 others majestically rugged1 rise in constant succession4 ,a week was spent at the ,fort1 and then1 with ,mr4 ,peck as his companion1 the bishop pushed on to the dreary storm-beaten land of ,great ,whale ,river--a hard and difficult journey along an inhospitable and dangerous coast4 ,sometimes they met a few ,indians on the way1 and the desert was made to rejoice with #8some of the songs of ,zion4' ,one morning they put ashore among a body of ,eskimo1 who had their books with them4 ,the bishop heard them all read2 for one woman1 who could not read as well as the rest1 they made the apology that she had but just recently joined them from the north1 and could not be expected to do very well yet2 but she was getting on1 for they taught her every day4 ,the next day1 and half of the following1 was spent here1 then the travellers proceeded1 the canoe flying before a threatened storm4 ,just before midnight they reached the mouth of the river1 and two or three hours afterwards the storm broke with terrible violence1 lasting without intermission for a couple of days4 #8,three days of intense work 7,i wish it could have been three weeks71 and the schooner was ready for sea2 so1 leaving ,mr4 ,peck to continue his labours1 ,i took a passage kindly granted me1 and bidding farewell to all1 ,i set off on my way south4' ,the bishop was much gratified with the progress made by the ,eskimo1 their earnestness was so evident1 their attention so fixed2 his heart was lifted in gratitude to ,god4 ,after another week spent at ,fort ,george1 his mission completed1 his face was once more turned homewards1 and he reached ,moose just about ship time4 #8,in all this journey ,god's hand has been on me for good4' ,soon after the bishop had returned to ,moose1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,nevitt went to take charge of ,rupert's ,house1 the ,rev4 ,e4 ,richards and his wife coming to assist the bishop at ,moose4 ,great preparations were made for the ,christmas of #ahij4 ,the old mission ox brought home several loads of pine and cedar-brush from the woods for the church decorations4 ,on ,christmas ,eve a high tea was provided at ,bishop's ,court for the joyous band of workers1 a dish of splendid trout gracing the hospitable board4 ,christmas morning dawned not too cold for enjoyment1 and hearty1 cheery services followed throughout the day4 ,a feast had been planned for the school-children4 ,cakes were made by #8the ,rev4 ,e4 ,richards and his wife2' a large heap of biscuits were provided from the bishop's own store2 huge kettles were suspended in the school-yard2 tea1 sugar1 and milk were there in abundance1 and one afternoon in the ,christmas week the scholars all assembled and enjoyed a substantial meal4 ,a ,christmas-tree followed1 which ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,richards had decorated with artificial flowers and ornaments1 lights and gifts4 ,the children's parents were there1 and the ,european residents and all stood round the tree1 and sang #8,god save the ,queen4' ,muncto pinache ,kicheake-maskwas1 ,o ,pimache2 ,melche puskilakat1 ,kitche mihwaletuk ,kinwaish ,pimatesit1 ,o ,pimache4 ,other gatherings there were that joyous ,christmastide spent by the bishop amongst his own especial flock2 and doubtless1 as he said1 for many days to come the pleasures and wonders of those happy evenings were subjects of comment in every house4 ,the bishop had brought with him from ,york ,factory a very promising youth1 ,isaiah ,squirrel by name1 whom he hoped to train under his own eye for the ,christian ministry4 ,he was now at ,moose1 #8learning all sorts of things1 and showing himself very teachable4' ,at the beginning of the year #ahia the bishop announced with thankful joy1 #8,i have now ready for the press the ,pentateuch1 ,isaiah1 ,jeremiah1 the ,lamentations1 ,ezekiel1 and ,daniel2 the ,psalms and ,new ,testament have been in print some years4 ,the whole ,bible will1 ,i trust1 form the crown of my missionary life4 ,i take the deepest delight in this translation work1 which has always engaged very much of my time and attention4' ,may was cold and damp this year2 snow and ice abounded1 and the ground was still almost bare of pasture4 ,flocks of snowbirds were about1 which were pursued by the boys with bows and arrows1 and a few ,american robins sang among the leafless trees2 but the geese1 like everything else1 failed4 ,day after day the ,indian went forth to his goose-stand in the marsh1 arranged his decoys1 loaded his guns1 and sat and called1 hoping that a flight of geese would be enticed by the friendly voice to come and visit his flock of dummies4 ,but no geese came1 and the hunter returned each evening disconsolate and supperless to his tent4 ,when the kettle on the fire is well filled with mechim 7food71 there is joy in the camp1 and the ,indian does not heed the weather--storm rain1 and snow are to him of no account2 but with wife and children hungering around him things are sad indeed2 and thus they were in the month of ,may4 ,the summer proved a sickly one in all the district4 ,in ,june the bishop went to ,rupert's ,house1 and whilst working there from morning till night amongst the great body of ,indians congregated for the season1 the influenza broke out1 and he became at once doctor and nurse1 until he was himself attacked4 ,he was for some time very unwell1 and his voice went4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,nevitt had left to go home by the annual ship1 ,mr4 ,nevitt's health having failed1 and ,mr4 ,richards was at ,moose1 so he could not1 and would not1 give in1 except for a day or two4 ,happily1 he was in the house of his dear daughter ,chrissie1 where every possible attention was given him4 #8,the voice returned1 but strength was slow in coming4' ,then his much loved little granddaughter was attacked very severely1 and it was a sore trial to have to leave her1 still hovering between life and death1 when he was obliged to return to ,moose4 ,a long time elapsed before he could hear from ,rupert's ,house4 ,then at last came a little letter from the child herself to tell of her recovery4 ,in ,august1 #ahia1 an event happened which was destined to be of very great importance to the diocese of ,moosonee4 ,this was the arrival at ,fort ,moose of the ,rev4 ,j4 ,a4 ,newnham4 ,the bishop had met and conversed with ,mr4 ,newnham on his visit to ,montreal in the previous year1 and finding how his heart was yearning for the mission cause in ,moosonee1 he had invited him to join him there4 #8,i was charmed1' wrote ,mr4 ,newnham1 #8with my first acquaintance with ,moose4 ,my room in the bishop's house looks over a small encampment of about forty tents and sixty dogs4 ,just now is the busy season2 the hay is being carried1 and the ship unloaded1 but quite a congregation gathers every evening at #fcj for a short service4 ,i attended it my first evening on shore1 and was much struck with the hearty responses1 and the clear and true singing of our well-known hymn tunes4' ,after the service ,mr4 ,newnham was introduced to the ,indians1 who greeted him with #8,what cheer8' their form of #8,how do you do8' ,as he sat in his study later1 he could see them constantly coming to the house4 ,the bishop never locked his door2 even in the night it was left unfastened1 and anyone might come to him at any hour for assistance or advice4 ,the bishop spent nearly the whole of this year at ,moose1 devoting all his leisure to the translation of the ,cree ,bible4 ,he hoped to have the whole of the ,old ,testament ready for the press by midsummer #ahib4 ,the revision of the ,new ,testament1 which had been printed many years before1 would occupy him1 he said1 during the following winter4 ,again he wrote1 #8and this will be the crowning work of my life1 which will give spiritual food to my people for generations after my decease4' ,in less than a year after these words were penned1 the earnest worker and writer lay in his grave1 his work on earth done4 ,towards the close of the year #ahia1 ,archdeacon ,vincent lost his wife1 who had long been in a declining state4 ,he brought her to ,moose for burial4 ,on ,december #bj the bishop preached the funeral sermon from the words1 #8,it is well4' ,these had been almost her last words before her death4 ,returning with the archdeacon to ,albany1 ,bishop ,horden there spent ,christmas and ,new ,year's ,day4 ,it was his last winter trip to ,albany4 #8,the last1' he wrote1 #8that ,i shall in all probability ever undertake4 ,my first winter trip to ,albany took place long1 long ago1 forty years ago this very month6 ,i was then young and active1 and thought nothing a hardship2 ,i could sleep in the open1 bivouac with the cold bright sky overhead1 with the thermometer #dj below zero4 ,i had no back1 nor legs1 nor shoulders2 at least ,i had them as well as now1 and much better2 ,i merely did not know of their existence from any pain or inconvenience they caused me4 ,but forty years make a difference4 ,i know now that ,i have several members of my body1 and these tell me in the most unmistakable manner that there must be no more getting over the rough snow and ice1 and that the discomforts of a cold smoky tent must be no longer endured1 unless there be absolute necessity4 ,they tell me that1 for the future1 winter travelling must not be indulged in4 ,and we must bow to the inevitable2 we cannot be always young2 the halting step and the grey head will come1 and why should we dread their approach1 when we know that 8if the earthly house of our tabernacle be dissolved1 we have a building from ,god1 a house not made with hands1 eternal in the heavens08 #8,i am not1 however1 writing a sermon4 ,i was about to speak of my last winter journey to ,albany4 ,i wished to go there1 because there was very little hope of my going next summer4 ,at seven o'clock on the morning of ,december #ba1 ,i was sitting in my sledge1 and ten beautiful dogs in excellent condition were being harnessed thereto1 each having its own single trace1 by which it was attached to the sledge4 ,the archdeacon occupied a second sledge4 ,when all were harnessed1 there was a great howling1 and jumping1 and tugging1 for the dogs were anxious to be off1 but the sledge was too firmly moored for their united strength until all was ready2 then the binding rope was cast off1 howling ceased in a moment1 each dog hauled with all his might1 and we were away at the rate of ten miles an hour4 ,the fine tails of the dogs were curled up over their backs1 they were overjoyed to be once more on the road4 ,the great pace was not long kept up1 but settled into between five and six miles an hour1 and so it continued throughout the day4 ,to the music of our dog-bells we rushed down the river1 soon losing sight of ,moose1 on past ,middleborough ,island1 through ,hay ,creek1 and then over a rough uncomfortable sort of plain at ,north ,bluff1 where stands the great beacon erected to attract the attention of our annual ship1 and to tell her that she is nearing the place of her destination4 #8,near the beacon we brought up for awhile1 to give the dogs a rest4 ,we had accomplished half of our day's work1 and had come about eighteen miles4 ,we are soon off again2 the air is very comfortable1 and all our sensations are pleasurable as we run across ,north ,bay1 past ,jarvis ,bluff and ,little ,piskwamisk on to ,piskwamisk1 where our first 8hotel0 is situated--a small circular erection1 gradually getting smaller towards the top1 where a number of poles meet together2 the whole is covered with snow1 the doorway is blocked up with snow--as comfortless looking a place as can well be imagined4 ,this is our hotel1 and we at once set about making it as habitable as we can4 ,the snow is dug away from the entrance with our snow-shoes1 as well as from the sides1 that there may be no dripping from its melting as the evening advances4 ,wood is carried in and a fire lit1 and when a good beef-steak has been fried and a strong cup of tea made and partaken of1 we almost fall in love with our smoky hotel1 and at any rate think it far preferable to the open bivouac in the heaven-covered forest4 #8,on the second day the weather was very warm1 and much rain fell in the early part1 but we continued on our way1 having but twenty-five miles to travel1 which brought us to our second hotel at ,keshepinakok4 #8,on the third day we had forty miles of travel4 ,the weather was colder and our dogs trotted on without much fatigue4 ,about four o'clock in the afternoon we saw the settlement in the distance1 and then the dogs1 knowing that they were nearly home1 put on extra speed1 and we were soon in front of the factory4 ,a steep bank had to be ascended1 but there was no difficulty1 for a number of men and boys ran down and gave their ready help1 and ,i was soon in the middle of a large yard1 receiving the warm welcome of all who had congregated there4 ,one day at ,albany1 and then came ,christmas ,day1 when ,i preached two sermons1 one in ,english1 the other in ,indian2 afterwards ,i had the examination of the candidates for confirmation belonging to the two congregations1 ,indian and ,english1 with whom ,i was very well pleased2 and the examination of the scholars in the school1 who quite satisfied me1 and ,i visited all the families in their respective houses4 ,i also gave a feast to the ,indians and another to the school children1 and inspected some beautiful fox-skins4 ,quite a number of the silver fox came in during my visit4 ,they are black1 but the tips are white4 ,they are too heavy for ,english wear1 but are exported mostly to ,china4 ,the late ,king ,george the ,fourth had new coronation robes made for him1 which were lined with the choicest parts of the silver fox skins1 and for each skin forty guineas were paid2 rather expensive robes1 ,i should think4 #8,i found time to correct the proofs of two of my ,indian books1 which are printing in ,england4 ,the days were well filled up and fled swiftly1 and it seemed but a short time before ,i was compelled to say good-bye to ,albany1 and on the third day after we once more ran up ,moose ,river1 and received the congratulations of all my people1 who had lined the banks to see me as ,i passed4' ,the end of ,february1 #ahib1 came before the #8packet' of that year arrived4 ,all hope of its coming had died away1 and many who had travelled hundreds of miles to meet it had been forced to travel back again without getting a letter to tell of those far away1 or even a paper4 #8,cruel1 cruel6' said the sympathising bishop1 and yet he was sometimes inclined to feel grateful for the very absence of news himself4 #8,our outer door is opened1' he wrote1 #8but twice or three times a year1 and then we have a deluge of papers and a great number of letters1 and we find the deluge almost as bad as the previous dearth4' ,moose was enjoying a mild winter1 and food was plentiful1 rabbits never more abundant1 of pheasants there was no scarcity1 and there was no sickness2 the ,moose doctor was enjoying quite a sinecure4 ,far otherwise was it with ,rupert's ,house4 ,the weather there also had been very mild1 but rain had fallen in torrents1 and the swamps around were giving forth miasma1 which brought disease and death to the little settlement4 ,influenza and dysentery attacked almost every individual4 ,when the ,rupert's ,house dogs brought the budget for the #8packet1' the bishop's share of news was a sad and gloomy one4 ,mr4 ,broughton wrote that the ,indians were dying out from disease1 and his own little daughter had again been attacked with influenza4 ,saddest tidings of all1 four children had been frozen to death1 almost close to the station4 ,the father of those children was ,weyawastum2 he had died1 as did also his wife1 some years ago4 ,the grandmother and her husband took the children under their care1 she being a kind old body1 and speaking very good ,english4 ,they were spending the winter at ,pontax ,creek1 about seven miles distant from the station1 coming in occasionally for provisions1 which were never denied them4 ,at ,new ,year the husband1 named ,huskey1 came in to spend a few days at the place1 and was there attacked by the prevailing disease1 so severely as to be unable to return home4 ,his wife and the children remained at ,pontax ,creek1 no one feeling the least anxiety about them4 ,they had a good tent and a sufficiency of provisions1 and should those be consumed more would be given them4 ,but one morning1 someone walking down the river during a terribly cold spell of weather came upon a child lying dead1 and hard frozen1 only a mile from the establishment4 ,and still farther on lay another1 and yet another1 and still another was found in the same condition4 ,the tent was entered1 but it was cold and silent1 and there lay the dead body of kind old ,betsy1 the faithful grandmother4 ,all were taken to ,rupert's ,house1 and buried in one grave4 ,it must have been a terribly solemn event in that little settlement--five coffins entering the church in procession1 four young lives passing away in such a manner4 ,the full particulars will never be known1 but it is supposed that while the grandmother was with the children in the tent she was suddenly taken ill1 or being ill had become delirious1 and the children being afraid1 or wishing to obtain help for the old woman1 had set off to get to the settlement1 but the cold was too severe for them1 and so all had perished4 ,if the winter at ,moose had been late in coming1 and mild when it came1 it lasted long into the year #ahib4 ,on ,may #f the bishop wrote3-- #8,day succeeds day1 and there is the same cold biting air1 the same dark leaden sky and heavy snowflakes1 which have lately again and again thrown us back into apparent midwinter4 ,i should be glad to write more cheerfully1 but ,i must write what ,i see and know1 and not give a picture from the imagination2 what ,i write must be truth1 and not romance4 ,you can't conceive how anxiously we are longing for spring2 to see our noble river rushing by1 carrying on its bosom the laden boat1 the beautiful canoe1 the majestic vessel4 ,but it is still blocked up1 heavily fettered with its icy chains4 ,the surface is still white1 and an oppressive silence hangs over it2 the fluttering haze has not yet appeared into which the mighty magician of long ago changed himself1 appearing yearly in the spring1 just before the breaking-up of the river1 that he may meet his beautiful sister1 the lovely ,american robin4 ,she has already come1 and it was with joy which can be felt1 but not described1 that ,i heard her singing her sweet song this morning1 as if she would thus hasten the steps of her loitering brother1 and bring him to cheer both her own heart and the hearts of all others who are anxiously awaiting his arrival4 ,whilst you enjoy sweet ,may weather1 feel deeply thankful for it1 and think of those in this wild lone land who are fighting the great ,christian battle as your substitutes2 pray for them1 that their spirits droop not on account of the hardness of their surroundings1 and show your sympathy practically by making greater and yet greater exertions in supporting the missionary cause4 #8,now1 looking out of my window1 what can ,i see8 ,besides the cathedral and adjacent houses1 ,i see the frozen surface of the river1 dotted here and there with goose-stands1 for this is the time for geese1 and each goose-stand should be supplied with one or two smart hunters1 whose decoy geese and their perfect imitation of the goose's call generally succeed in alluring the silly birds to their destruction4 ,but the stands are unoccupied1 the decoy geese are lying in heaps1 the weather is so unpropitious that no birds are flying4 ,they are delaying their journey to the sea coast1 and are feeding in the plains in the interior2 and when they come they will make but a short stay1 and hurry forward to where they lay their eggs and bring up their families4 #8,but something exquisitely beautiful seems to enjoy the dreary waste--flocks of the snow bunting are constantly flitting by1 alighting on the garden1 the plain1 and the dust heaps4 ,when they first came they were white1 but now they have begun to assume their summer garb1 and clothe themselves in russet brown4 ,they are not allowed to feed in peace4 ,the fierce hawk hovers about1 and occasionally swoops down and makes a capture2 big boys and men are out with their guns1 small boys are out with their bows and arrows1 girls are out with their bird nets--all intent on business1 for food is scarce1 and those pretty birds are plump and fat1 and said to be very good eating4 ,and this is really all ,i can see from my window1 except the dark distant pines1 which fill up but do not enliven the landscape4 #8,you must not think that because ,i have such surroundings ,i am therefore dull and melancholy2 such is by no means the case4 ,god has blessed me with a sanguine temperament1 and a great capacity for love of work1 and this being the case1 hope for better days and their speedy appearance causes me to look1 in dark days1 more to the future than the present2 it gives no time for repining1 or1 as the people here say1 thinking long4 #8,well1 thank ,god6 ,i have written the last word of my ,cree translation of the ,bible4 ,i had hoped to get it done by the time the river broke up1 that ,i might then put my work aside for another winter1 and devote myself to the ,indians who will be coming in from the far interior2 that ,i might take my long journeys to those distant centres of the mission whence the ,indians cannot come2 that ,cree and ,ojibbeway and ,eskimo might again hear from my lips of the wondrous love of ,god in the gift to the world of ,his well-beloved ,son2 and my hope has been realised4 ,the last word of the ,new ,testament was written many years ago1 but all will probably be re-written2 all will at any rate be revised1 if ,god permit1 next winter1 so as to bring it into accord with the ,revised ,version4 ,it is1 ,i think1 a very good translation of the ,authorised ,version1 and ,i could make but little improvement in it4 ,my first work next winter will be to go through very carefully1 with my most valued assistant from ,rupert's ,house1 all ,i have written this winter4 ,every word will be examined1 and wherever an improvement can be made it will be made2 and then the ,new ,testament will come under review1 and then ,i trust one of the principal works of my life will be accomplished1 my most cherished hope realised--my people will have the ,word of ,god in a form they can thoroughly understand4' ,in ,june1 #ahib1 the bishop visited ,rupert's ,house1 and1 still full of energy and indefatigable in his work1 had scarcely returned when he prepared to start off on a much longer trip to ,whale ,river and ,fort ,george4 ,on the eve of setting off he wrote1 alluding to the arrival of a #8packet' with letters and papers3 #8,just think of seven months of reviews and missionary publications1 as well as other periodicals1 coming at one time1 and that the busiest time of the year1 when every minute must be utilised for work4 ,the consequence is that many papers are never opened at all4 ,it is sometimes a question with me as to whether this is a gain or a loss2 it certainly keeps my mind fixed on my work1 of which there is always a great deal more to be done than can be well got through4 ,you good people at home cannot at all realise our position2 we are in another world1 and you have the same difficulty in endeavouring to realise it as you would have in realising the condition of life in the planet ,mars4 #8,on ,saturday last ,i returned from ,rupert's ,house1 having with me my daughter1 ,mrs4 ,broughton1 her husband1 and family4 ,they will now live at ,moose1 ,mr4 ,broughton having been appointed to the charge of the whole southern department4 ,at present they are staying with me1 but next week they go to the ,factory1 five minutes' walk from my house1 which will then be vacated by its present occupants1 who are returning to ,canada4 ,to-morrow ,i set off for ,fort ,george and ,whale ,river1 ,mr4 ,peck's district4 ,i shall be absent about a month1 and trust that in that time ,i may be able to do much for the ,master4 ,we are passing through the hottest summer known here for many years2 the heat is sometimes almost unbearable1 while the mosquitoes are most venomous and annoying4 ,our gardens look well so far1 and we hope to have good crops by-and-by4' ,in ,august the bishop was back at ,moose ,fort4 #8,i am once more in the old house1' he writes1 #8home from my long summer journeyings1 and ,i don't think ,i shall leave it again this year1 but employ myself in my usual educational and translation duties4 ,i first went to ,whale ,river1 which receives its name from the large number of porpoises found there3 there was formerly a great trade in the oil produced from them as well as in their skins4 ,i started from ,moose in the ,mink schooner on ,july #ae4 ,we had foul winds1 and the cold became severe1 and many icebergs were about1 which occasionally gave our vessel some heavy blows4 ,then we passed the ,twins1 two large islands of equal size1 on which grows neither tree nor shrub2 then we caught sight of ,cape ,jones1 which divides ,james' ,bay from ,hudson's ,bay1 and ,bear ,island1 a large1 high rock of most forbidding aspect2 and then we ran along ,long ,island1 which has a very bad repute as the centre of the abode of storms1 and as we pass it the great tors on the mainland rise one after the other in their majesty of desolation2 and there is more ice1 and more islands1 and an abundance of fog1 hiding everything from view4 ,and here1 at last1 is the south point of the river1 and presently we come to anchor1 for the wind will not allow us to proceed up to the ,hudson's ,bay ,company's establishment2 but a canoe is soon alongside1 and in that ,i am taken ashore1 and am presently among those who have been eagerly looking for me1 and who receive me with a warm welcome4 ,there is much work to do1 and ,i am alone4 #8,our first service on ,sunday commences at half-past six in the morning3 all the ,indians at the place are present1 and all seem to enjoy it2 some among the congregation ,i have not seen for years4 ,they had wandered off to ,ungava1 many hundreds of miles distant1 and had long remained there2 they now say that they intend to make ,whale ,river their permanent trading post4 ,we take breakfast1 and then for our ,eskimo service4 ,you see before you a goodly number of clean1 intelligent-looking people1 short and stout2 you see that they have books in their hands1 and notice that they readily find out the places required2 they sing very nicely1 having greatly improved since my last visit to them4 ,thank ,god for the blessing ,he has vouchsafed to the missionaries' labour4 ,and now we attend the ,english service4 ,one young person is confirmed1 and three partake of the ,lord's ,supper4 ,after this we have dinner2 this finished1 it will soon be time for our second ,indian service1 so let us walk quietly to the house we use as a church4 ,it is already crowded with young and old2 all sing the sweet ,indian hymns1 and use the ,church prayers in their ,indian dress4 ,i baptize twelve children and perform four marriages4 ,the ,indians retire1 and soon the interesting ,eskimo flock in and take their places2 two people are confirmed1 and four partake of the sacrament4 ,we are all a little tired now1 the more so from the atmosphere being very close in the church2 so we go up to the top of the extensive plain on which are pitched the ,indian and ,eskimo tents1 and take a brisk walk among the heather1 which gives us an appetite for tea4 ,on the table is tea1 preserved milk1 sugar1 bread1 and marrow fat4 ,our last service is afterwards held2 the old familiar ,english one4 ,we have had a busy day1 and yet not quite so busy as it would have been at ,churchill1 on the western side of the bay1 where1 in addition to the three languages spoken here1 we should have had the ,chipwyan4 ,we have a little conversation and then go to bed1 for we must be early astir tomorrow morning4 #8,yes1 in the morning there was a great stir3 all hands were up at four o'clock1 loading the schooner1 which had taken everything in by six o'clock1 when ,i held my last service1 the last in all probability ,i shall ever hold at ,whale ,river4 ,i then had breakfast1 after which1 having said good-bye to and shaken hands with every one--,english1 half-caste1 ,indian and ,eskimo--,i hastened on board4 ,the anchor was at once raised1 and we began to descend the river amidst volley after volley of musketry1 the ,indians wishing to testify their appreciation of what had been attempted for their good4 #8,after we had left the river we bent our way southward1 and went as fast as the baffling winds would allow us4 ,we had the high rocky coast on our left1 on which side lay ,long ,island2 then we passed ,bear ,island and ,cape ,jones1 and ,lucker ,creek and ,wastekan ,island1 the highest land between ,cape ,jones and ,fort ,george1 and ,governor's ,island1 and ,horse ,island1 and others1 and so came to the mouth of ,fort ,george ,river4 ,we were seen at the fort1 when instantly the flag was run up4 ,on and on we went until we arrived opposite the landing-place1 when the anchor was dropped and a boat took me ashore4 ,i was directly in the midst of old and warm friends1 who gave me the heartiest of welcomes4 #8,i was eight days at ,fort ,george1 and they were all busy ones4 ,i kept school twice a day1 devoting the mornings to the ,indian children and the afternoons to those speaking ,english4 ,i held likewise two services each day1 one in each language1 and for the few days that some ,eskimo were at the place1 one for them as well4 ,the principal ,eskimo here is called ,nero1 and he is really a fine fellow1 about the size of a big ,english boy1 although ,i think the ,english boy would have but little chance with him in a wrestling match4 ,i got him to assist me in one of the services1 and what he did he did well4 #8,the ,indians are all busy haymaking4 ,they go up the river some distance1 and there find abundance of grass1 and bring it down in boats1 spreading it on a large field1 where they make it into hay4 ,there are stables for the cattle1 but there are no horses4 ,there are four or five houses for the workpeople1 and on a large plain are some ,indian tents--and the gardens are looking well--the potatoes and turnips look as if good crops would be secured1 a matter for congratulation1 as this is by no means always the case4 ,day follows day1 and the last arrived1 when ,i gave a treat to all the children4 #8,our farewell service is held1 and it is a very solemn one1 for every one at ,fort ,george is very dear to me4 ,i wish all and everyone good-bye1 for ,i start early on the morrow2 but early as it is1 everyone is on the river's bank to see me as ,i step into a large canoe1 which is to take me seven miles to the ,mink1 lying in ,stromness harbour4 ,several farewell volleys are fired1 and ,i am speedily out of sight of my hospitable friends and on my way to the old house at ,moose4' ,to the bishop's great joy and thankfulness a young missionary1 ,mr4 ,walton1 arrived by the ship in the autumn of #ahib4 ,he was destined for the distant post of ,ungava4 ,the bishop was much pleased with him1 and1 after due examination1 ordained him1 and sent him on to ,fort ,george to fill meanwhile the place of ,mr4 ,peck1 who was by doctor's advice to take his wife and children to ,england by the ship homeward bound4 ,mr4 ,peck would1 the bishop hoped1 return in the following ,may1 to proceed to ,ungava with the ,rev4 ,w4 ,walton4 ,the journey to ,ungava is toilsome and very difficult4 ,mr4 ,peck had visited the post in #ahhe1 having been driven back three times before he succeeded in crossing the ,labrador peninsula1 eight hundred miles4 ,he was repaid at length by meeting with many ,eskimo anxious for the message of salvation4 ,the thought of the pressing need for a missionary to this far-off spot had ever since lain #8heavy on the heart of the bishop4' ,he said1 #8,if we go to the ,north ,pole1 we shall be still in the diocese of ,moosonee4' ,the ice-bound regions visited by ,sir ,john ,franklin1 ,admiral ,mc,clintock1 ,captain ,parry1 and other ,arctic explorers1 are nearly all in this diocese4 ,the bishop worked on1 assisted by the ,rev4 ,j4 ,a4 ,newnham1 who had returned from a visit to ,montreal1 bringing with him a wife1 who took the deepest interest in the women and girls1 and proved a great addition to the mission party4 ,the native pastor1 the ,rev4 ,e4 ,richards1 was also staying at ,moose at this time1 especially to help in the revision of the ,bible translations4 ,,chapter ,,xxi ,,last ,,days ,towards the end of ,november the bishop was taken suddenly ill4 ,we have the account of his attack in his own words1 written on ,january #b1 #ahic1 by his daughter ,chrissie from his dictation4 #8,three-and-fifty years ago ,christmas was spent by me in bed2 my life was almost given up4 ,i was suffering from typhus fever1 and my doctor said that1 had ,i not had a constitution of lead1 ,i must have succumbed to the virulence of the disease4 ,god raised me up again1 and eventually sent me to the land of snow1 and ,i am now spending my forty-second ,christmas in connection with it4 ,and how very joyous every ,christmas has been up to the present one6 ,how wonderfully good my health has always been1 how ,i could always join the frolic and fun of the youngsters6 ,i felt as one of them2 the difference in our age was as nothing4 ,we were all children4 ,this year1 too1 the church has been beautifully decorated2 the splendid trees have been laden with their precious fruits1 faces have brightened with joy as of yore3 but ,i have seen nothing of them2 the mingled voices of childhood have been unheard4 #8,it has been ,god's will that ,i should spend this ,christmas in a sick room1 and amid much and severe suffering4 ,he has brought down my strength in my journey2 but amidst it all ,he has kept me in perfect peace4 ,on ,november #bj ,i was very well4 ,i preached at both ,english and ,indian services1 and took my class in the ,indian school1 spending the evening with my dear daughter and her family4 ,i was in bed by ten1 and arose on ,monday1 ,november #ba1 before it was daylight1 according to custom1 for ,i had a great work on hand1 and about a quarter after seven1 when the light had become sufficiently strong1 ,i went on with my revision of the ,new ,testament in the ,cree language4 ,i commenced the twelfth chapter of ,st4 ,luke1 and worked on steadily for a quarter of an hour1 when ,i suddenly felt as if ,i had received a very heavy blow in the lower portion of my back4 ,i knew it was a stroke of rheumatism1 but rheumatism was a companion of many years' standing--not a pleasant one by any means1 but it had never materially interfered with my work4 ,so1 thinking that this was merely a twinge of a rather more severe character than usual1 ,i continued my labour2 but soon stroke after stroke succeeded of a more and more violent nature4 ,i sat up until after prayers and breakfast1 and then was conducted to bed1 which ,i reached with great difficulty2 severe torturing pains1 the nature of which ,i had hitherto no conception of1 came on with every movement4 #8,for a week ,i could do nothing1 although my general health had not much suffered4 ,i then1 however1 resumed the revision of my last winter's work on the ,cree ,old ,testament1 devoting some hours to it every day1 assisted by my most valuable helper1 the ,rev4 ,e4 ,richards4 ,in a few days more ,i trust that the whole of the ,old ,testament will be fit for the printer's hands2 ,i shall then go on with the ,new ,testament1 and1 ,god helping me1 ,i hope to see it completed in the summer4 ,picture me in my work4 ,i am lying on my back in my bed2 ,mr4 ,richards is sitting at a table by my side2 ,i have my ,english ,bible1 the ,revised ,version1 in my hand2 ,mr4 ,richards has my translation before him1 which he is reading to me slowly and distinctly4 ,every sentence is very carefully weighed1 and all errors are corrected4 ,this is a glorious occupation1 and ,i cannot feel too thankful that ,i am able to follow it in these days of my weakness4 #8,i am much better than ,i was1 and ,i trust it will not be long before ,i shall be able to be about as usual4 ,but it was almost worth while to be visited with this affliction1 to experience the loving and anxious care of every one by whom ,i am surrounded4 ,everyone does his and her best to alleviate my sufferings4 ,our medical man has done his very utmost2 a kind and loving daughter1 and her equally kind husband and children1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,newnham1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,richards1 and all my ,indian and native friends1 have vied with each other in administering to my comfort4' ,the end of ,february1 the date at which the bishop expected his budget of news from the outer world1 brought to his friends in ,england the sad tidings that he had died suddenly on ,january #ab4 ,the telegram had been carried four hundred miles to ,matawa1 the nearest post-office4 ,in due course letters followed4 ,the end had come very unexpectedly to those about him4 ,the ,rev4 ,j4 ,a4 ,newnham wrote3 #8,our dear bishop has entered into rest--a more perfect rest than that which he expected to enjoy later in the year4 ,it seems to have been failure of the heart which caused his death4444 ,the people of ,moosonee1 and of ,moose ,factory especially1 have lost a father1 a loving friend1 and are plunged in grief4444 ,the remains1 clad in episcopal robes1 and laid in the coffin1 were placed in the church awaiting the funeral1 and the people1 young and old1 all came to take a last farewell of the face so dear to them1 and of one who had been in and out of their houses1 cottages1 and wigwams for over forty years1 as a missionary1 pastor1 friend1 and bishop4444 ,archdeacon ,vincent arrived on the evening of the #bjth4 ,on the #bast1 ,saturday1 the coffin was closed in the presence of four clergymen--the ,rev4 ,w4 ,g4 ,walton having arrived with the dogs from ,fort ,george--and of the gentlemen of the ,honourable ,hudson's ,bay ,company from ,fort ,george1 ,rupert's ,house1 and ,albany1 as well as ,moose ,fort4 #8,at three ,p4,m4 the burial service was read1 and the body of the first ,bishop of ,moosonee was reverently committed to the grave4 ,it was a beautiful afternoon1 almost spring-like1 and the whole adult population was present in the church and at the grave4 ,thus our bishop1 amid the tears of his bereaved people1 was laid to rest1 as he had said he would have wished1 in the midst of his flock4' ,at the time of his death ,bishop ,horden had just attained the age of sixty-five4 ,he had been forty-two years in the field4 ,he had laboured in the apostolic spirit with a large measure of apostolic success4 ,he had laid well and deeply1 building upon the ,rock which is ,christ1 the foundation of the work in that vast district4 ,this is being continued by men trained under his influence1 and fired by his example4 ,denied the brief season of earthly rest to which he had looked forward1 he has entered the sooner into the perfect rest above4 ,he has ceased from his labours1 and for us it is to strive and pray that the flock which he so long and faithfully shepherded in ,moosonee shall at length be brought to join him in the heavenly fold above4 ,,footnotes #a ,at the instance of the then editors of the ,coral ,missionary ,magazine4 #b ,it was done by the ,coral ,fund4 ,,printed ,,by ,,spottiswoode ,,and ,,co41 ,,new-,,street ,,square ,,london