,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,spani%4 ,,pr(itable ,,p\ltry2 ,,_! ,,managem5t ,,9 ,,heal? ,,& ,,disease4 ,,by ,w4 ,b4 ,,tegetmei]1 ,,au?or ,,( ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,pap]s ,,on ,,! ,,diseases ,,( ,,p\ltry1 ,,9 8,,! ,,cottage ,,g>d5]10 8,,! ,,p\ltry ,,book10 c41 c4 ,,) ,,illu/rations ,,by ,,h>rison ,,weir4 ,,new ,,edition ,,greatly ,,enl>g$4 ,,london3 ,,d>ton ,,& ,,co41 ,,holborn ,,hill4 #ahed4 ,,preface4 ,9 issu+ ?is edition ! ,au?or begs leave to t5d] 8 s9c]e ?anks1 fir/ly1 to ! public ^: rapid pur*ase ( an unusually l>ge impression has enabl$ him to issue ! pres5t greatly enl>g$1 &1 he hopes he may add1 improv$ edition2 secondly1 to 8 bro!r amateurs to :om he is indebt$ = s _m sugge/ions & s mu* valuable assi/ance2 ?irdly1 to 8 review]s1 all ( :om h spok5 s fav\rably ( 8 ef=ts to imp>t s\nd practical common s5se1 9 place ( ! gross absurdities1 :i*1 x is n too mu* to say1 previ\sly disfigur$ all ! l[-pric$ p\ltry works2 to ! di/+ui%$ naturali/ :o did him ! hon\r to give a l5g!n$ review ( ! "w 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e 7,dec4 #ahec71 he gladly takes ?is opportunity ( express+ 8 ?anks1 z he is p]sonally unkn[n4 ,! pres5t is di/+ui%$ f ! la/ edition by ! ext5sion ( su* p>ts z 7 previ\sly meagre2 a table ( ! con/itu5ts ( food has be5 add$1 :i* x is hop$ may prove useful2 a long] acc\nt ( sev]al v>ieties has be5 giv51 & ! *apt] on diseases has be5 consid]ably enl>g$1 & sev]al new rem$ies indicat$4 ,willesd51 ,midsumm]1 #ahed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,! object ( ?is little "w is purely practical2 its aim is to place 9 ! h&s ( p]sons :o may n h _h mu* exp]i5ce1 a book :i* %\ld conta9 all t is mo/ ess5tial to be kn[n respect+ ! h\s+1 fe$+1 bre$+1 & treatm5t ( f[ls2 & to ?is has be5 add$ su* in=mation z ! exp]i5ce ( ! au?or has enabl$ him to give respect+ ! mo/ pr(itable v>ieties view$ z agricultural /ock4 ,augu/1 #ahec4 ,,pr(itable ,,p\ltry1 c4 c4 ,,! ,,f[l ,,h\se4 ,! s+ul> fact t our common dome/ic f[ls are de/itute ( any p>ticul> ,engli% "n1 po9ts at once to _! =eign orig92 &1 al?\gh 9 ! c\rse ( _m g5]ations1 !y h become greatly inur$ to ! rigors ( our climate1 !y /ill reta9 s f> _! orig9al con/itution z to require ! protection ( habitation dur+1 at lea/1 a great "p ( ! ye>4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important requisites 9 a f[l h\se is absolute dryness1 no?+ be+ m fatal to p\ltry ?an damp2 on clayey soil1 or 9 moi/ situations1 dryness mu/ be secur$1 ei!r by dra9age or by rais+ ! floor sev]al in*es above ! surface ( ! gr\nd2 9 cold situations especially1 ! aspect ( ! h\se is also ( "s importance2 if practicable1 ! w9d[s & o!r op5+s %\ld face ! s\?1 z ?is secures a great] degree ( w>m? dur+ ! w9t]1 an advantage :i* is also obta9$ by hav+ ! ro( ceil$4 ,! p]*es on :i* ! f[ls roo/ %\ld be l[1 especially = ! l>g] v>ieties1 z o!rwise ! viol5ce ) :i* !y desc5d causes lam5ess1 & n unfrequ5tly fracture ( ! brea/ bone2 9 ord] to prev5t ! brea/ bones becom+ crook$ 7a circum/ance :i* greatly injures _! appe>ance1 & consequ5tly _! value z table birds71 ! p]*es %\ld be mu* l>g] ?an ord9>y2 a split fir pole1 ?ree in*es across on ! flat side1 :i* %\ld be turn$ d[nw>ds1 w be f\nd advantage\s1 & a height ( n m ?an ?ree or f\r feet is desirable1 z x enables ! f[ls to be readily caught aft] !y h gone to roo/1 & prev5ts lam5ess2 = ,co*9s x is ev5 necess>y t ! p]*es %\ld be mu* l[]2 _! height %\ld c]ta9ly n exce$ "o foot f ! gr\nd1 o!rwise1 f ! imp]fect p[]s ( flight possess$ by ^! birds1 ! evils allud$ to are v apt to occur4 ,heavy birds ( ?is v>iety are sometimes subject to inflammatory t5d]ness ( ! feet2 to prev5t z mu* z possible ! t5d5cy to ?is disease1 x is advantage\s 9 ^! cases to lay "s /raight /raw l5g?way along ! top ( ! p]*es1 b9d+ x 9 its place ) /r+4 ,! gr\nd bel[ ! p]*es %\ld be /rew$ ) s&1 gravel1 or a%es1 to a consid]able dep?1 s t ! dung may be remov$ )\t soil+ ! floor4 ,?is %\ld be done e morn+ e>ly1 & ! h\se ?r[n op5 dur+ ! day1 s z to be ?or\ghly purifi$4 ,x seldom happ5s t f[l h\ses are s built1 z to require any di/9ct contrivance = v5tilation2 9 cases1 h[ev]1 :]e ! door & w9d[ are air-tight1 means %\ld be af=d$ = a prop] supply ( fre% air2 !re %\ld be an op5+ at or ne> ! bottom1 & ano!r at ! top1 ^! %\ld be cov]$ ) pieces ( p]=at$ z9c1 to prev5t any direct draught ( cold air1 :i* is v injuri\s4 ,cleanl9ess is also a consid]ation ( ! highe/ importance 9 a f[l h\se2 if a%es or s& are us$1 z recomm5d$1 & ! dung remov$ daily1 ?is is readily secur$2 & 9 ord] to prev5t z f> z possible ! annoyance ( v]m91 ! h\se %\ld be lime-wa%$ once or twice a ye>1 & ! birds also be provid$ ) a box full ( dry du/ or a%es to ba! 94 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! heal? ( f[ls ?us cleanly & w>mly h\s$1 & t ( ^? compell$ to roo/ 9 a d>k1 damp1 dirty habitation is v great2 ^! latt] nev] becom+ 9 good condition4 ,s injuri\s is damp & cold1 t ,i h kn[n in/ances 9 :i* all ! inhabitants ( a p\ltry h\se h be5 attack$ ) viol5t cat>rh t]m9at+ 9 r\p1 f an ea/ w9d[ hav+ be5 left op5 on a cold wet night2 & x has be5 f\nd by exp]im5t1 t scr(ula may always be produc$ 9 *ick5s by conf9+ !m 9 damp1 cold1 & d>k habitations4 ,i h f\nd t exce$+ly economical & effici5t p\ltry-h\ses may be built aga9/ any wall t is conv5i5tly situat$1 ! sides & front be+ bo>d$1 & ! ro( =m$ ( in* deal bo>ds1 laid closely edge to edge1 up & d[n ! slope1 & project+ ov] ! sides & front s z to ?r[ (f ! ra92 ! top %\ld be cov]$ ) ?9 *eap calico tightly /ra9$1 &1 by bru%+ ?is ov] ) a good coat+ ( coal-t>1 x is cem5t$ to ! ro(1 :i* is ?us r5d]$ wat]-tight4 ,! pat5t ,asphalte felt =ms a *eap & w>m ro(+1 b x also requires to be t>r$ ov]1 9 ord] to resi/ ! wea!r4 ,if ! p\ltry-h\se is til$1 ! d[nw>d curr5t ( cold air 9 w9t]1 may be prev5t$ by l9+ ! ro( ) /raw support$ by la?s nail$ to ! raft]s2 & 9 o!r cases ,i h f\nd t /\t br[n pap]1 oil$ or pa9t$1 & tack$ smoo?ly to ! "u side ( ! raft]s1 has be5 v effici5t 9 increas+ ! w>m? ( ! h\se1 & consequ5tly ! production ( eggs 9 w9t]4 ,,fe$+4 ,!re is1 p]haps1 no subject on :i* a great] div]sity ( op9ion exi/s among p\ltry keep]s1 ?an respect+ ! relative value ( ! diff]5t sub/ances us$ z food4 ,?is diff]5ce ( op9ion arises f ! g5]al ignorance t prevails ) reg>d to ! true pr9ciples ( fe$+4 ,x _c be too /rongly impress$ on all fe$]s ( /ock t ! food eat5 has to s]ve sev]al di/9ct purposes :5 tak5 into ! body4 ,"o portion is consum$ 9 support+ ! natural w>m? ( ! animal2 ano!r set ( sub/ances supplies ! n\ri%m5t requir$ = ! gr[? ( ! body1 & replaces ! daily wa/+ t occurs2 a ?ird yields ! mat]ials f :i* ! bones are =m$2 & a f\r? supplies ! fat :i* is /or$ up 9 ! bodies ( animals2 we may1 !re=e1 speak ( ! foll[+ classes ( foods3-- #a/4 ,w>m?-giv+ ,food4--,z />*1 :i* =ms almo/ ! entire bulk ( rice1 & ! solid portion ( potatoes2 gum1 sug>1 c4 #bnd4 ,fle%-=m+ ,food4--,z glut51 c41 :i* exi/s 9 l>ge proportion 9 :eat1 oatmeal1 peas1 beans1 middl+s & %>ps1 & 9 some:at small] quantity 9 b>ley1 ,indian corn1 c4 #crd4 ,bone-mak+ ,food4--,:i* is f\nd 9 l>g] proportion 9 ! bran1 or out] "p ( ! gra91 ?an 9 ! inn] p>ts4 #d?4 ,fat-=m+ ,food4--,consi/+ ( fatty or oily sub/ances2 ^! occur1 to a consid]able ext5t1 9 ,indian corn 7! yell[ v>iety71 oatmeal1 middl+s1 bran1 c4 ,all exp]im5ts t h be5 made t5d to prove t ea* ( ^! k9ds ( food is unable to s]ve ! purposes ( ! o!rs2 ?us1 to give an example1 nei!r w>m?-giv+ nor fat-=m+ sub/ances are capable ( add+ to ! fle% ( a gr[+ animal1 nor c fle%-=m+ food increase ! quantity ( fat4 ,9 a m]e elem5t>y "w1 l ! pres5t1 x is impossible to g into ?is subject at any great l5g?4 ,^? :o desire ! facts on :i* ^! /atem5ts are gr\nd$ are ref]r$ to ! works ( ,john/on1 ,liebig1 & o!r em95t agriculturi/s & agricultural *emi/s4 ,we mu/ take ! pr9ciples z grant$1 & apply !m to an exam9ation ( ! diff]5t sub/ances usually employ$ 9 p\ltry fe$+4 ,,gra9 =ms ! /aple food ( p\ltry1 ! v>ieties us$ be+ g5]ally ei!r b>ley1 oats1 :eat1 ,indian corn1 or rice4 ,b>ley is p]haps m frequ5tly us$ ?an any o!r gra92 x is bett] reli%$ by f[ls ?an oats1 & its fir/ co/ is consid]ably bel[ t ( :eat4 ,x conta9s f t5 to elev5 p\nds ( fle%-=m+1 sixty ( />*y sub/ances1 & two to ?ree ( oil or fat 9 e hundr$4 ,oats are n tak5 s freely z b>ley1 :i* is app>5tly ow+ to ! l>ge proportion ( husk !y conta91 :i* less5s _! value z p\ltry food2 b :5 us$ 9 ! =m ( grits or oatmeal !y are eat5 ) great avidity1 & 9 ?is /ate furni% "o ( ! mo/ :olesome & nutriti\s v>ieties ( food1 conta9+ eighte5 ( fle%-=m+1 sixty-?ree ( />*y sub/ances1 & six p\nds ( fatty mat]ials 9 e hundr$4 ,no gra9 conta9s a l>g] proportion ( fle%-=m+ sub/ances ?an oatmeal--x is1 !re=e1 ! "o be/ adapt$ to gr[+ animals1 & ,i h f\nd t *ick5 make mu* m rapid progress :5 x =ms ! *ief portion ( _! food ?an :5 f$ on any o!r sub/ances4 ,co*91 & ,spani% *ick5 especially1 %[ its good effects by ! rapidity ) :i* !y fea!r :5 f$ ) x4 ,:eat1 contr>y to ! popul> op9ion1 is n m nutriti\s ?an oatmeal2 x conta9s ab\t twelve p\nds ( fle%-=m+ nutrim5t1 sev5ty ( />*y1 & two to f\r ( oil1 9 e hundr$4 ,its co/ op]ates consid]ably aga9/ its employm5t1 al?\gh x is ext5sively us$ by "s bre$]s ( *oice p\ltry1 ) :om exp5se ( fe$+ is a second>y consid]ation4 ,indian ,corn is rem>kable = ! l>ge proportion ( oil conta9$ 9 ! yell[ v>ieties1 :i* av]ages eight p\nds 9 e hundr$2 its capability ( putt+ on fle% is n great] ?an t ( b>ley1 z x conta9s only elev5 p] c5t4 ( fle%-giv+ food1 & sixty-six ( />*y matt]s4 ,co*9s seem rem>kably fond ( x1 b ,i h f\nd t x is refus$ by ,dork+s & ,spani%1 :5 !y are able to obta9 o!r gra94 ,rice is ! lea/ nutriti\s ( all gra9s1 & !re=e ! wor/ t c be giv5 to gr[+ animals4 ,9 ! husk$ /ate 9 :i* x is usually f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry1 x conta9s sc>cely any fat1 or bone-mak+ mat]ials1 & only sev5 p] c5t4 ( fle%-=m+ food1 7less ?an half ! quantity conta9$ 9 oatmeal17 be+ almo/ entirely compos$ ( />*4 ,boil$ rice is a useful v>iation 9 ! food ( f[ls1 & is mu* reli%$1 b z ! ma9 support ( gr[+ *ick5 x is v objectionable4 ,buck:eat ,fl\r is ab\t equal 9 nutritive prop]ties to t ( :eat1 b ! l>ge proportion ( husk t ! ungr\nd se$s conta91 mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 e/imat+ its money value2 x is commonly suppos$ to cause a greatly increas$ production ( eggs1 b its *emical composition does n %ew any sup]iority ov] _m o!r v>ieties ( food4 ,dhoora1 or ,indian millet1 a small gra9 l>gely cultivat$ 9 ! ea/1 is employ$ by "s p\ltry keep]s2 x is mu* reli%$ by f[ls2 ! nutriti\s prop]ties ( ! fl\r are v simil> to ^? ( :eat1 & z x conta9s v little husk1 x may be reg>d$ z a valuable addition to ! p\ltry diet>y4 ,malt ,du/1 ,malt ,culm1 & ,cumm9s1 are names giv5 to ! small spr\ts ( ! b>ley :i* are brok5 (f 9 ! process ( malt+1 & =m a co>se fibr\s p[d]4 ,malt du/ conta9s f two to ?ree times z l>ge a proportion ( fle%-=m+ food z :eat1 & 9 ?is respect f> surpasses any ( ! sub/ances ord9>ily us$ z p\ltry food2 its value n be+ g5]ally kn[n1 x is frequ5tly us$ z manure2 mix$ ) s(t food1 x is mu* reli%$ by f[ls1 & z x may be obta9$ at a rem>kably *eap rate1 its employm5t is v advantage\s4 ,bran1 ,poll>d or ,r&an1 & ,middl+s or ,%>ps1 p>ticul>ly ! latt]1 ,i reg>d z mo/ valuable additions to ! food ( p\ltry4 ,9 ! fir/ place !y are economical--& !y conta9 a v high proportion 7eighte5 p] c5t47 ( fle%-=m+ sub/ances1 & a v consid]able quantity ( oil 7six p] c5t47 ,ano!r circum/ance :i* adapts !m to ! use ( *ick5 is ! l>ge proportion ( bone-mak+ mat]ials !y conta94 ,_m p\ltry fe$]s are 9 ! habit ( prep>+ ! gra9 be=e use2 "s simply soak ! b>ley or o!r corn1 by plac+ x 9 wat] ! previ\s ev5+1 ?is less5s ! "t x has to rema9 9 ! crop1 be=e pass+ on into ! gizz>d2 o!rs boil _! corn1 a proce$+ :i* has ! advantage ( r5d]+ x m dige/ible1 z x effects an important *ange 9 ! />*y "p ( ! gra94 ,rice1 especially1 %\ld always be boil$ be=e use1 & x %\ld be cook$ 9 su* a mode z to all[ ! gra9s to rema9 sep>ate1 :i* may be easily manag$ by boil+ x 9 a l>ge quantity ( wat]1 to :i* a small piece ( fat1 z l>d or dripp+1 has previ\sly be5 add$4 ,! exp]i5ce ( all exp]im5tal agriculturi/s is 9 fav\r ( cook$ food = live /ock ( all descriptions3 f ! *ange effect$ 9 ! />* x is m nutriti\s1 & is m rapidly dige/$2 h5ce1 !re is less "w = ! /oma* & dige/ive organs to p]=m1 & !re=e !y are less liable to become diseas$4 ,f consid]able exp]i5ce 9 its employm5t1 ,i c /rongly recomm5d ! foll[+ cook$ food1 z be+ exce$+ly well adapt$ to supply all ! sub/ances requisite to support a heal?y & vigor\s exi/5ce4 ,a quantity ( middl+s1 ) or )\t half its bulk ( b>ley-meal1 or a correspond+ proportion ( malt-du/1 is plac$ 9 a co>se r$ w>e pan1 & bak$ = ab\t an h\r 9 a side ov51 or until ! mixture is ?or\ghly heat$ ?r\gh\t2 wat] is !n p\r$ 91 & ! :ole /irr$ toge!r until x becomes a crumbly mass2 if too mu* wat] is add$1 ! mixture becomes cloggy1 a defect :i* is easily rem$i$ by /irr+ 9 a little dry meal4 ,! advantage ( ?is me?od is t ! food is prep>$ ) sc>cely any tr\ble1 & !re is no fe> ( its be+ burnt z 9 boil+4 ,sometimes ! b>ley meal is omitt$1 & ! bak$ middl+s mix$ ) rice :i* has be5 previ\sly boil$4 ,?is mixture =ms ! /ock food ( my old f[ls1 a lib]al supply ( gra9 be+ giv5 dur+ ! day4 ,i h f\nd t s9ce its adoption !y co/ less 9 food1 & t !y are 9 equally good or ev5 9 bett] condition ?an :5 f$ on an unlimit$ supply ( gra9 alone4 ,%\ld ! conv5i5ce = bak+ n exi/1 x w be f\nd m desirable to scald ! middl+s & meal ) boil+ wat] ?an to mix !m ) cold4 ,if gra9 ( any k9d is brok5 or cru%$1 x %\ld only be done %ortly be=e use1 unless x is ?or\ghly kiln dri$2 = :5 ?is is n done1 ! gra91 f ! moi/ure x conta9s1 soon becomes mu/y1 s\r1 & un:olesome4 ,inf]ior samples ( gra9 conta9 s l>ge a proportion ( husk t !y are n desirable1 & if reg>d$ ) ref]5ce to _! nutriti\s prop]ties ! be/ w be f\nd ! *eape/4 ,potatoes1 :5 pl5tiful & free f disease1 may be advantage\sly sub/itut$ = rice1 :i* !y closely resemble1 9 conta9+ a l>ge am\nt ( />*2 !re is less wa/e 9 _! use1 if /eam$1 ?an :5 boil$4 ,peas1 ,beans1 & ,l5tils1 ei!r :ole or gr\nd1 are mu* us$ by _m fe$]s2 !y conta9 a l>g] am\nt ( fle%-=m+ food ?an gra9--on ! av]age ab\t tw5ty-f\r p] c5t41 :il/ ! quantity ( fat is v small1 n usually m ?an two 9 e hundr$2 b !y are n easily dige/$1 & are too /imulat+ to be reg>d$ z a :olesome diet4 ,i h trac$ _m cases ( disease1 su* z :ite comb 9 ,co*9s1 inflammation ( ! /oma* & egg passage1 c41 c41 to _! employm5t4 ,hemp ,se$ is frequ5tly giv5 to cause ! increas$ production ( eggs1 an effect :i* x c only produce at ! sacrifice ( ! heal? ( ! f[ls4 ,hemp is us$ 9 ,india z a mo/ p[]ful m$ic9e2 ! evil effects ( ! se$s on cag$ birds are kn[n to all bird keep]s4 ,i reg>d x z "o ( ! mo/ injuri\s sub/ances giv5 to f[ls4 ,fre% ,gre5 ,vegetables =m an indisp5sable addition to ! food ( p\ltry4 ,^? hav+ a free range 9 ! c\ntry supply !mselves ) ?is k9d ( food2 :5 !y are kept 9 o!r situations !y %\ld be suppli$ daily ) turf1 cabbage1 lettuce1 or turnip leaves1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( ^! sub/ances1 z on %ipbo>d1 a little moi/5$ corn1 all[$ to spr\t1 w be f\nd v advantage\s4 ,cook$ ,vegetables1 su* z p>snips1 c>rots1 turnips1 c41 are mu* reli%$1 p>ticul>ly ! =m]2 !y =m an useful & :olesome v>iation 9 ! diet4 ,animal ,food4--,! mo/ advantage\s animal food = f[ls1 & on :i* !y make ! mo/ rapid & heal?y progress1 consi/s 9 ! worms1 snails & insects t !y obta9 naturally :5 unconf9$2 ,i d n ?9k t !re is any o!r k9d ( food :i* conduces s mu* to _! heal?y condition2 :]e x _c be obta9$1 a small quantity ( fre% meat 7ei!r raw or cook$7 may be *opp$ small & giv5 to !m2 x is1 h[ev]1 b a poor sub/itute = ! natural insect food4 ,! maggots ( ! fle% fly1 obta9$ by hang+ up "s meat to putrefy1 are (t5 employ$1 b ,i d\bt v mu*1 :e!r1 9 :olesom5ess1 !y are at all equal to worms1 & ! plan is objectionable f ! (f5sive od\r ( ! putrefy+ meat2 if x is ?\ght desirable to employ maggots ! be/ mode is to all[ ! animal sub/ance to rema9 expos$ to ! air until ?or\ghly fly-bl[n1 if x is !n buri$ eighte5 in*es deep1 ! maggots rema9 "u gr\nd until !y atta9 _! full size1 :5 !y "w _! way t[>ds ! surface1 be=e *ang+ into ! p]fect insects2 ! f[ls soon discov] _! approa*1 & by scrat*+ obta9 a pl5tiful supply2 ! maggots by work+ _! way ?r\gh ! soil are cleans$ f any adh]+ putridity1 & ! se>* = ! gradual supply af=ds amusem5t = ! f[ls2 ev5 employ$ 9 ?is way1 h[ev]1 ,i d n ?9k fle% maggots s desirable z worms4 ,tall[ ,*&l]'s ,greaves1 :i* are left on melt+ ! fat f ! /ale scraps ( ! but*]s1 & ! putrid accumulation ( ! m>9e /ore %op1 are /rongly recomm5d$ by "s p]sons z caus+ an increas$ quantity ( eggs4 ,animal sub/ances :i* h once be5 9 a /ate ( putrefaction _c by any subsequ5t process be =m$ into heal?y food1 & ,i c /ate f exp]i5ce t greaves are exce$+ly injuri\s to lay+ h5s4 ,ev5 dogs1 :5 f$ ^u greaves1 become (f5sive1 mangy1 & out ( condition2 _! effect ^u f[ls _c be less injuri\s4 ,x w n1 ,i tru/1 be ?\ght t ! subject ( food has be5 treat$ at an undue l5g?1 = ,i am confid5t t by f> ! great] numb] ( diseases t occur 9 f[ls arise f improp] fe$+4 ,i h1 !re=e1 arrang$ ! foll[+ ,table1 9 ord] to r5d] ! comp>ison ( ! relative value ( ! diff]5t sub/ances m easily made4 ,,table ,%[+ ! numb] ( p\nds ( diff]5t sub/ances conta9$ 9 e #ajjlbs4 ( gra91 c41 c4 ,:5 a 7--7 is us$ x signifies t ! quantity has n be5 exactly asc]ta9$4 ,column ,key ,b - ,wat]4 ,c - ,fle%-=m+ ,food 7,glut51 c47 ,d - ,fat or ,oil4 ,e - ,w>m?-giv+ ,food 7,/>*1 c47 ,f - ,husk & ,fibre4 ,g - ,bonemak+ ,sub/ances4 c41 c4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,e #ajj lbs4 ( ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ---------------------------------------- --------------------- lb4 lb4 lb4 lb4 lb4 lb4 ,:eat conta9s #ab #ab #c #gj #a #b ,bran1 ,middl+s1 c4 0 #ad #ah #f #ec -- #e ,oats1 ) husk 0 #i #ae #f #dg #bj #b ,oatmeal 0 #i #ah #f #fc #b #b ,b>ley 0 #aa #aa #b #fj #ad #b ,malt ,du/ 0 #f #cj -- -- -- #h ,indian ,corn 0 #aj #aa #h #ff #e #a ,rice1 husk$ 0 -- #g -- #hj -- a trace ,dhoors 0 #ab #aa -- #gj #d #b ,buck:eat 0 -- #aa -- -- -- -- ,peas1 c4 ,beans 0 #ae #be #b #dh #h #b ,t>es ,l5tils ,potato 0 #ge #b a trace #ai #c ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,my position 9 connection ) ! ,cottage ,g>d5]1 has giv5 me ! opportunity ( exam9+ m dead & diseas$ f[ls ?an p]haps ev] fell to ! lot ( "o individual2 &1 z ! mo/ c]ta9 result ( my exp]i5ce1 ,i c /ate t m ?an "o half ! cases t come "u my c>e1 or t are exam9$ by me aft] dea?1 are caus$ by errors 9 fe$+4 ,inflammation ( ! dige/ive /oma* 7:i* is situat$ betwe5 ! crop & ! gizz>d71 caus$ by ! use ( peas1 beans1 hemp se$1 or by ! endeav\r to =ce f[ls =w>d = exhibition1 or to make !m up = ! sale room1 is a mo/ frequ5t result4 ,apoplexy f ov]-fe$+1 especially 9 lay+ h5s1 & p>alysis f ! same cause1 are frequ5t4 ,inflammation ( ! egg passage is a common1 & unless timely treat$1 ano!r fatal compla9t1 g5]ally tak+ its rise 9 ov]-/imulat+ food2 & leg weakness1 f ! weight increas+ fa/] ?an ! /r5g?1 is common 9 ,co*9s4 ,illu/ration ,wat]4--,a daily supply ( fre% clean wat] is indisp5sable to ! heal? ( f[ls4 ,_m diseases are caus$ by _! dr9k+ f /agnant dit*es & ! impure & fil?y dra9+s ( manure heaps1 c4 ,a *eap f\nta91 ! be/ t ,i h ev] se51 inasmu* z x is capable ( be+ cleans$ int]nally1 may be made out ( any wide-m\? e>!nw>e j> & common glaz$ fl[]-pot sauc]2 by bor+ a small hole 9 ! j>1 an in* or an in* & a half f ! edge1 !n fill+ x ) wat]1 putt+ ! sauc] on ! top1 bottom upw>ds1 & quickly turn+ !m bo? toge!r upside d[n1 :5 ! wat] w be f\nd to fl[ into ! sauc] to ! height ( ! hole 9 ! j>4 ,,bre$+4 ,mu* v>iety ( op9ion prevails respect+ ! be/ mode ( con/ruct+ ! ne/s = lay+ & sitt+ h5s4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 all o!r cases1 ! ne>] we c imitate nature ! bett]2 ,i object to ! r[s ( pigeon-holes s frequ5tly employ$1 z ! close cr[d+ ( ! f[ls h>b\rs v]m91 & r5d]s x difficult to ?or\ghly clean ! ne/s aft] ! eggs are hat*$1 & believe x w be f\nd m conducive to heal? & com=t if ! ne/s are q di/9ct f ea* o!r1 & are s =m$ t !y c be entirely remov$ aft] ! *ick5 are hat*$4 ,! plan t ,i h f\nd to answ] be/ is to use %all[ baskets or boxes1 :i* c be p>tially fill$ ) sift$ coal a%es1 road drift1 s&1 or any simil> mat]ial2 on ?is a little %ort /raw is plac$1 & ! h5 holl[s out a slight concavity1 :i* prev5ts ! eggs roll+ f "u h]1 & 9 ?is way a v good imitation ( a natural ne/ is obta9$4 ,! a%es d n h>b\r v]m91 & ,i h f\nd t eggs hat* mu* bett] ?an 9 ^? ne/s made solely ( /raw4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 s ne>ly to fill ! basket or box t ! h5 c leave )\t hav+ to spr+ up f ! eggs1 & c return )\t jump+ d[n ^u !m1 o!rwise !re is great risk ( _! be+ brok54 ,%\ld ! h5 be p>ticul>ly fe>ful1 a bo>d plac$ 9 a slant+ position ov] ! basket ) ! upp] end lean+ aga9/ ! wall1 w af=d all ! privacy requir$4 ,x is desirable t h5s %\ld be all[$ to sit :]e !y h be5 previ\sly lay+1 z !re is usually mu* tr\ble1 except 9 ! case ( ,co*9s1 9 induc+ a h5 to sit /eadily 9 a new ne/4 ,h5s ev9ce a /rong desire to lay :]e !re are o!r eggs1 h5ce ne/ eggs are usually employ$2 !y are frequ5tly made ( *alk1 b f ! h>dness ( ! mat]ial !y are apt to break ! new laid egg2 s(t :ite wood1 turn$ into ! requir$ %ape1 makes ! be/ t ,i h se51 z x does n break ! eggs or lose its %ape1 & is capable ( be+ easily wa%$1 if soil$4 ,natural eggs are n desirable = ne/ eggs1 z !y are v apt to break :5 !y become /ale1 & s r5d] ! ne/ exce$+ly f\l4 ,:5 a h5 becomes broody1 :i* is %ewn by h] rema9+ on ! ne/ a long] "t ?an usual1 & by ! peculi> cluck+ noise %e makes1 x is desirable to give h] ?ree or f\r ne/ eggs to sit on1 to te/ h] /ead9ess = a day or two1 & if %e is f\nd to sit well ! eggs = hat*+ may be plac$ 9 ! ne/1 ei!r :5 %e leaves x to fe$1 or by lift+ h] (f 9 ! ev5+2 if a broody h5 is remov$ f ! ne/ dur+ ! day %e usually flies back1 at ! great risk ( break+ ! eggs1 :]eas1 if lift$ (f aft] d>k1 %e g5]ally rema9s quietly on ! gr\nd & all[s ! requisite numb] ( eggs to be put into ! ne/1 :5 %e may be lift$ back aga94 ,! fre%] ! eggs t are us$ = hat*+ ! bett]4 ,if practicable1 x is desirable t !y %\ld n h be5 laid m ?an a =tnight2 al?\gh !y w hat* aft] a mu* long] "t1 if c>efully protect$ f ! dry+ influ5ce ( ! air & light1 & f too high or too l[ a temp]ature1 9 bran or "s simil> mat]ial4 ,eggs int5d$ = hat*+1 %\ld be kept ) ! l>ge end upw>ds1 o!rwise !y %\ld be mov$ occasionally to prev5t ! yolk adh]+ to ! upp] side2 ! lid ( ! box conta9+ !m %\ld be clos$1 9 ord] to protect !m f ! light1 & f ! rapid *anges ( temp]ature1 & ! :ole %\ld1 especially 9 summ]1 be kept 9 a cool place4 ,:5 sitt+s ( eggs are =w>d$ by railway or o!r public conveyance1 x is cu/om>y to pack !m tightly 9 bran1 ) consid]able spaces betwe5 !m1 o!rs recomm5d oats to be us$2 my own exp]i5ce is mo/ decid$ly 9 fav\r ( hay1 or s(t /raw1 :i*1 by its ela/icity prev5ts all %ak+1 & enables ! eggs to be =w>d$ any di/ance )\t injury4 ,?is season1 ,i =w>d$ two sitt+s ( eggs to ! f> nor? ( ,engl&1 "o pack$ mo/ c>efully 9 bran1 ! o!r 9 hay2 ( ! fir/ n "o egg hat*$1 :il/ e "o ( ! second produc$ a *ick2 & a sitt+ t ,i receiv$ ?is season1 :i* 0 simil>ly pack$1 e egg 0 f]tile1 al?\gh ! basket _h travell$ f ! nor? by coa*1 rail1 & c>ri]4 ,! numb] ( eggs plac$ "u a h5 usually v>ies f t5 to fifte52 no fix$ rule c be giv5--s mu* dep5ds on ! season ( ! ye>1 ! size ( ! eggs1 & t ( ! h54 ,if ! eggs are cool$ dur+ ! sitt+1 :i* necess>ily happ5s if !y are s num]\s t ! out] ones are cov]$ m]ely by ! fea!rs1 & n by ! body ( ! h51 ! *ick5 w be weakly or de=m$2 & z ! h5 con/antly %ifts _! position by pull+ ^? outside into ! c5tre1 & s =c+ out ! o!rs1 all become *ill$ 9 _! turn1 & a weakly brood is ! result4 ,a h5 :5 sitt+1 sep>ates ! fea!rs to s great an ext5t1 t ! eggs1 if !y are n 9 too great numb]1 are 9 contact ) ! nak$ sk9 ( ! brea/1 & su* a quantity %\ld only be giv51 z c be cov]$ 9 t mann]4 ,i am q confid5t t a l>g] numb] ( *ick5 c be ensur$ by sitt+ a mod]ate ?an a l>ge numb] ( eggs1 & z to _! heal? & vig\r !re is no comp>ison4 ,9 ^? v>ieties :i* lay l>ge eggs1 su* z ,dork+s1 ,i nev] give a h5 m ?an ?irte5 eggs1 & usually a small] numb]2 9 w9t]1 ,i w\ld n exce$ eight or n9e4 ,9 ! case ( ,co*9s1 :]e ! eggs are small & ! h5s l>ge1 a great] numb] may be giv54 ,) reg>d to ! age ( ! p>5ts1 ,i believe t x is n s desirable to bre$ f h5s 9 _! fir/ z 9 ! second or ?ird ye>s2 ! *ick5 ( fir/ ye> f[ls1 are m leggy1 small]1 & less h>dy & vigor\s ?an ^? t are produc$ by m mature p>5ts4 ,:5 "y birds are employ$1 x is desirable to mate pullets ) cocks two or ?ree ye>s old1 & cock]els ) old h5s4 ,"s p]sons ev5 c>ry _! objection s f>1 z n to all[ "y birds to hat* ! eggs ( old] birds1 be+ "u ! impression !y d n sit ) suffici5t /ead9ess4 ,?is is c]ta9ly n true z reg>ds ,dork+s & ,co*9s1 = ,i h f\nd pullets ( eight mon?s age1 exempl>y sitt]s & nurses2 & at ! "t ( writ+ ?is 9 ,july1 ,i h two ,dork+s ( f\rte5 mon?s age1 :i* are runn+ ab\t ) _! ?ird broods1 hav+ hat*$ 9 ,janu>y1 ,may1 & ,july4 ,to ensure heal?y & l>ge-siz$ *ick5 x is absolutely necess>y t !re %\ld n be any relation%ip betwe5 ! p>5ts2 bre$+ 89 & 910 z x is t]m$1 is well kn[n by all re>]s ( /ock to produce diseas$ & weakly (fspr+1 h5ce x is indisp5sable t !re %\ld be an introduction ( fre% male birds e two or ?ree ye>s4 ,9 f>m-y>ds :]e !re are l>ge numb]s ( p\ltry1 x w be f\nd by f> ! mo/ desirable plan to keep sep>ately a cock ) f f\r to six ( ! be/ h5s1 & to hat* _! eggs alone4 ,by ?is means ! *ick5 are all c]ta9 ( com+ f ! be/ birds1 & a mu* small] numb] ( cocks may be kept ) ! ma9 /ock ( h5s ?an w\ld o!rwise be desirable4 ,! practice ( all[+ ! h5s to run ) sev]al cocks is calculat$ to det]iorate ! bre$ mat]ially1 %\ld !re=e a l>g] numb] ( eggs be requir$ = hat*+1 ?an furni%$ by a cock & f\r or six h5s1 ano!r set %\ld be sep>at$4 ,9 all cases1 ov] cr[d+ mu/ be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/1 especially :]e p\ltry are kept 9 a conf9$ situation1 = if ! gr\nd becomes ta9t$1 ! inevitable result is t disease breaks out1 & t ! *ick51 be+ less able to )/& its influ5ce ?an old] birds1 die (f rapidly1 9 spite ( good food1 w>m h\s+1 & e att5tion t c possibly be paid to !m4 ,_m p]sons are 9 ! habit ( lift+ (f ! sitt+ h5s 9 ord] to fe$ !m1 ,i believe t all su* int]f]5ce is uncall$ = & injuri\s2 ! less a h5 is di/urb$ :il/ hat*+ ! bett]--:5 hungry & ?ir/y %e w leave ! ne/1 & %\ld be !n f$ mo/ lib]ally4 ,:ole corn ,i ?9k ! be/ = hat*+ h5s1 z x rema9s long] 9 ! crop & s satisfies hung] = a great] l5g? ( "t4 ,9 addition to food & wat] ! h5s %\ld always be provid$ ) a heap ( dry a%es1 to roll 91 to enable !m to free !mselves f v]m94 ,on ! tw5tie? day "s ( ! *ick5 usually beg9 to *ip ! %ell1 &1 g5]ally speak+1 !y are all hat*$ on ! tw5ty-fir/1 t is on ! same day ?ree weeks t ! eggs are plac$ "u ! h54 ,! practice ( remov+ ! fir/ hat*$ & plac+ !m 9 flannel by ! fire side1 is foll[$ by _m1 b ,i d n see any possible advantage t c arise f s do+2 x is impossible to give ! exact temp]ature ( ! "m1 & a degree ( heat high] or l[] mu/ necess>ily be disadvantage\s2 ! only int]f]5ce t ,i ?9k desirable1 is to remove1 if x c be readily accompli%$1 ! empty %ells1 o!rwise ! unhat*$ eggs are apt to slip into !m1 & ! *ick51 al?\gh furni%$ ) p[] to break ?r\gh "o %ell are unable to =ce _! way ?r\gh two4 ,! addl$ eggs 7:i* are readily di/+ui%$ by giv+ !m ! slighte/ possible %ake1 :5 ! mov+ ( ! liquid cont5ts is felt7 may also be remov$ s z to give m room to ! live birds4 ,i am aw>e t ^! recomm5dations to leave natural op]ations to nature are contr>y to :at are frequ5tly f\nd 9 books1 b ,i am m]ely writ+ ! results ( my own exp]i5ce1 & ,i h always f\nd ! m ! hat*+ h5s are m$dl$ )1 ! worse ! result4 ,x is a notori\s fact t :5 a h5 /eals a ne/ 9 "s copse or place :]e %e c rema9 unmole/$1 %e almo/ inv>iably br+s =? a m num]\s & /rong] brood ?an :5 %e sits 9 ! h5-h\se4 ,! *ick5 require nei!r food nor dr9k on ! day on :i* !y are hat*$2 9 fact1 bo? are injuri\s1 z !y int]f]e ) ! natural dige/ion ( ! yolk1 :i* is absorb$ into ! b[els at ! p]iod ( hat*+1 & con/itutes ! fir/ food4 ,if grits1 oatmeal1 c41 are spread be=e ! h5 on ! tw5ty-fir/ day1 %e is induc$ to leave ! ne/1 & ! la/ hat*$ *ick51 :i* are n p]haps yet dri$1 are unable to foll[1 & be+ weakly1 p]i%2 or unhat*$ eggs may be left4 ,if undi/urb$1 ! h5 seldom leaves ! ne/ on ! tw5ty-fir/ day1 & on ! tw5ty-second ! *ick5 w be f\nd /rong en\gh to foll[ h]1 & any unhat*$ eggs may be de/roy$1 = ^? *ick5 t are n !n able to foll[ h] w seldom be f\nd to repay ! tr\ble t may be tak5 ) !m4 ,! plan ( cramm+ pepp]corns & o!r spices d[n ! ?roats ( *ick5 is cruel 9 ! extreme1 & moreov]1 exce$+ly injuri\s4 ,i h f\nd ! be/ food to be two-?irds sweet co>se oatmeal & "o-?ird b>ley meal1 mix$ into a crumbly pa/e ) wat]2 ?is is v mu* reli%$1 & ! *ick5 make surpris+ progress ^u x1 !y are also v fond ( a little cold oatmeal porridge1 &1 by way ( v>iety1 ,i sometimes give !m a few scald$ grits du/$ ov] ) a little b>ley meal to cause !m to sep>ate4 ,milk is frequ5tly us$ to mix ! b>ley or oatmeal1 b f ! ext5t to :i* x is !n expos$ to ! air x soon becomes s\r 9 summ]1 & is decid$ly injuri\s if employ$ 9 t /ate2 no m food1 !re=e1 %\ld be mix$ ) milk ?an c be eat5 9 a c\ple ( h\rs4 ,sopp$ bread is by no means desirable1 ! *ick5 become weakly & affect$ ) di>rha f its use1 9 fact x has n t degree ( solidity :i* is requisite to af=d an opportunity = ! ex]cise ( ! natural gr9d+ action ( ! gizz>d4 ,a little *opp$ onion1 or1 /ill bett]1 "s f9ely %r$ gre5 onion tops mix$ ) ! food is highly advantage\s1 &1 9 ! op9ion ( _m p]sons1 less5s v mu* ! susceptibility to r\p4 ,) reg>d to animal food !re is none equal to ! natural supply ( worms & insects obta9$ by ! h52 small worms1 or a b>r[ full ( m\ld1 conta9+ an ant's ne/1 may be giv5 if ! *ick5 are 9 a conf9$ situation1 & w be f\nd f> sup]ior to boil$ egg1 *opp$ meat1 or any m artificial sub/itute4 ,curds are frequ5tly us$1 &1 ,i believe1 furni% ! be/ sub/itute = ! natural insect food1 b ,i h _h no exp]i5ce 9 _! use1 z ,i h nev] kept1 nor ev5 ?9k x desirable to keep f[ls1 or at all ev5ts to re> *ick51 9 situations :]e _! natural food is unatta9able4 ,x is requisite t *ick5 %\ld ei!r h a con/ant supply ( food or be f$ at v %ort int]vals--ev5 e h\r is n too (t51 if practicable4 ,coop+1 :i* is s frequ5tly employ$ to re/ra9 ! w&]+ ( h5s ) *ick51 ,i reg>d z exce$+ly objectionable4 ,9 _m cases ,i admit x to be a necess>y evil1 b n ! less an evil2 a h5 :5 coop$ has no p[] ( scrat*+ = insects & worms 7! be/ ( all possible food71 ! *ick5 are !re=e conf9$ /rictly to ! artificial diet ) :i* !y are suppli$4 ,:atev] also may be ! diff]5ce 9 ! temp]ature ( ! day or *ange ( wea!r1 %e _c alt] h] position1 or seek %elt] f cold1 w9d1 or wet2 ! gr\nd "u ! coop becomes f\l unless ! latt] is mov$ frequ5tly1 & ! h5 does n s soon recov] ! effects ( h] conf9em5t 9 sitt+ z :5 %e is all[$ h] lib]ty & obta9s gre5 food to peck at4 ,x is frequ5tly said t :5 h5s are n coop$ !y roam s f> t ! *ick5 become fagg$1 & t (t5times !y are left beh9d by ! h54 ,i believe t if ! h5 & *ick5 are well f$1 & at %ort int]vals1 ?is w n occur2 b %\ld giv+ !m _! entire lib]ty be objectionable1 ! plan ( enclos+ a small run ) la?s1 wire-"w1 or nett+1 may be _h rec\rse to4 ,^! contrivances may be ei!r moveable or fix$2 9 ! latt] case ! gr\nd 9 ! run may be turn$ up ) ! spade or =k occasionally1 s z to give ! h5s fre% soil to scrat* 94 ,_m p]sons say !y _c conf9e _! f[ls 9 ?is mann]1 z !y fly ov]2 a little att5tion to ! habits ( ! birds w\ld enable !m to prev5t ?is inconv5i5ce4 ,f[ls nev] fly ov] any b\nd>y1 b always on to x1 prep>atory to desc5d+ on ! o!r side1 & if ! top is con/ruct$ 9 su* a mann] t !y _c re/ ^u x1 !y ev9ce a great dis9cl9ation to attempt ! passage4 ,! plan ,i adopt is to h five or six feet la?s ( a great] or less degree ( /\tness z requir$1 nail$ ?ree in*es ap>t to two horizontal rails1 ! l[] ne> ! gr\nd1 ! upp] be+ eight in*es bel[ ! tops ( ! la?s1 :i* are po9t$4 ,i h f\nd t ?is f5ce is suffici5t to conf9e ,dork+1 ,spani%1 & ev5 ,hamburghs1 b !n ! f[ls h always an unlimit$ supply ( e v>iety ( food2 & :5 ,i receive a bird ,i usually light5 "o w+ by runn+ ! scissors d[n ea* side ( ! t5 prim>y quill fea!rs1 :i* is a mu* bett] plan ?an cutt+ ! %afts across1 z 9 ! latt] case ! bird is mu* disfigur$4 ,9 accordance ) my sugge/ion1 ,messrs4 ,gre5+1 ( ,*ur* ,gates1 ,man*e/]1 h manufactur$ "s ( _! pat5t f5c+ on ! same plan1 namely1 spik$ at ! top & *ick5 pro( bel[1 z %ewn 9 ! cut2 f exp]i5ce ,i c recomm5d x z mo/ effici5t1 & f its great /r5g? & durability x is mu* m economical ?an ! ord9>y hexagonal patt]n 9 common use4 ,illu/ration ,dur+ summ] x is n requisite to remove ! h5 & *ick5 f ^! runs at night1 b a little h\se made ( a few bo>ds nail$ toge!r1 s z to resemble a dog-k5nel1 made wat]-tight1 is necess>y = %elt]4 ,"s ( ! mo/ successful bre$]s ( ,co*9s h _! gr\nds ?us p>tition$ out & furni%$ ) rude huts1 bo>d$ at ! sides & cov]$ on ! top ) "s ( ! pat5t asphalte felt n[ s mu* us$ = ro(+4 ,?is1 if prop]ly t>r$1 is p]fectly wat]pro(1 & be+ a bad conductor ( heat1 is w>m 9 w9t] & cool 9 summ]4 ,! common op5 circul> wick] coop ,i reg>d z an exce$+ly useful article 9 a p\ltry-y>d1 b n = ! purpose to :i* x is g5]ally appli$1 ( keep+ ! h5s 91 b1 on ! contr>y1 = keep+ !m out4 ,i h f\nd x v conv5i5t = fe$+ *ick5 "u2 ! oatmeal1 grits1 & o!r exp5sive food us$ = ! "y birds is apt to be dev\r$ by ^? ( advanc$ gr[?1 an evil :i* is readily prev5t$ by plac+ x "u a l>ge coop :i* admits ! y\ng] *ick51 & enables !m to fe$ undi/urb$ by ! o!rs4 ,! rem>k is (t5 made1 t *ick5 re>$ 9 ! c\ntry by cottag]s are m vigor\s & heal?y ?an ^? br$ 9 ! mo/ exp5sive p\ltry h\ses2 ?is ,i believe to be entirely ow+ to ! m natural circum/ances "u :i* !y are br\ght up4 ,fre% air1 fre% grass1 & fre% gr\nd = ! h5s to scrat* 91 f> m ?an c\nt]balance ! advantage ( exp5sive diet & sup]ior lodg+1 if ^! latt] are unaccompani$ ) ! m necess>y circum/ances j describ$4 ,! plans "h recomm5d$ ,i f\nd to be m ?an ord9>ily successful dur+ ! mo/ unfav\rable *ick5 seasons1 ev5 on ! cold clay soil 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london1 & ,i h !re sev]ely te/$ _! p]fect effici5cy ) reg>d to ,co*9s1 ,dork+s1 ,spani%1 & ,hamburghs4 ,9 cases :]e f[ls are br$ 9 & 9 to pres]ve peculi> m>k+s1 or :]e1 s to speak1 a v artificial v>iety has be5 produc$1 great delicacy necess>ily results2 ?is1 = example1 is ! case 9 ! ,sebright ,bantam1 & h>d9ess _c be expect$ 9 su* bre$s2 z well might ! bre$] ( ,k+ ,*>les' spaniels or ,italian greyh\nds expect simil> success to t ( ! re>] ( ! ,scot* t]ri] or %eep dog4 ,:5 *ick5 are hat*$ 9 ! w9t]1 or e>ly spr+ mon?s1 ei!r = competition 9 ! *ick5 classes at ! summ] p\ltry %[s1 or = table use1 "s slight modification ( ^! proce$+s is requisite4 ,i h tri$ enclos$ rooms1 bo? heat$ by /oves & fire-places & )\t1 b h nev] f\nd !m answ]1 & am confid5t t ev5 9 w9t] *ick5 d bett] 9 an op5 %$ ?an 9 any o!r situation2 ! %$1 h[ev]1 mu/ face ! s\?1 & be w>mly & closely %elt]$ f ! nor? & ea/4 ,! h5s mu/ be plac$ 9 coops1 :]e all ! sun c rea* !m2 & !re %\ld be a little run ( a few feet1 enclos$ by la?s1 wire-"w or nett+1 = ! h5 & *ick5 to ex]cise 94 ,! common triangul> wood5 coop is a v useful "o = e>ly *ick52 b x %\ld h a false bottom1 to keep !m (f ! cold gr\nd1 & ?is %\ld be made to slide 9 & out1 s z to be readily remov$ & clean$4 ,! coops1 at night1 %\ld be w>mly cov]$ up ) sack+ or matt+1 & pl5ty ( %ort hay or s(t /raw plac$ 9 ! int]ior4 ,! mo/ successful bre$] ( e>ly ,co*9s 9 ! ye> #ahec1 re>$ all 8 birds 9 a %$ ?us arrang$2 b1 in/ead ( coops1 he employ$ snugly built brick boxes1 ) abundance ( %ort /raw = ! h5 & *ick5 to sleep 92 & 9 front ( ea* box 0 a little alley or run1 enclos$ by la?s1 = an ex]cise gr\nd1--! run n ext5d+ 9 front ( ! %$1 s t x 0 n subject to be damp$ by ! ra9 or dew4 ,ano!r precaution necess>y to be tak5 ) e>ly *ick51 ev5 aft] !y h atta9$ "s size1 is to avoid lett+ !m run 9 ! grass :il/ x is wet ) dew1 o!rwise !y are v apt to get *ill$1 & die ) cramp4 ,:5 h5s are coop$ c>e mu/ be tak5 to supply !m ) gravel & a little mort> rubbi%1 or brok5 oy/] %ells1--! fir/ be+ requir$ = ! dige/ion ( ! food1 ! second to furni% ! mat]ials ( ! bones ( ! gr[+ *ick54 ,z ,i h else:]e /at$1 ! re>+ ( e>ly *ick5 is always att5d$ ) risk & tr\ble1 & extraord9>y success mu/ n be expect$2 x %\ld only !re=e be attempt$ "u fav\rable circum/ances2 & unless *ick5 are br$ = ! summ] p\ltry %[s1 or = e>ly table use1 = :i* purpose !y fet* a high price 9 ! m>ket1 x is n a desirable proce$+2 = ! be/ & f9e/ birds1 t alone %\ld be kept = /ock1 are ^? hat*$ 9 ,april & ,may1 z !y atta9 _! full size )\t hav+ _! gr[? once *eck$ by cold4 ,*ick51 on ! contr>y1 :i* are hat*$ at a late p]iod ( ! ye>1 h _! gr[? *eck$ by ! colds ( w9t]1 & consequ5tly nev] make l>ge birds2 h5ce ! practice ( hat*+ ,bantams 9 autumn to prev5t _! atta9+ a l>ge size1 an object :i* is only accompli%$ by a sacrifice ( con/itutional /r5g? & h>dihood4 ,,pr(itable ,,v>ieties4 ,9 a "w ( ?is ext5t x is impossible to d m ?an allude to sev]al ( ! lea/ important v>ieties ( ! dome/ic f[l1 & ?is is ( less mom5t z ! g5]al directions giv5 ) reg>d to fe$+1 bre$+1 c41 apply1 ) v slight v>iations1 to all ! diff]5t bre$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,co*9 ,,*9a ,,h54 ,,co*9s ,,or ,,%anghaes4--,co*9s are p]haps ! mo/ popul> f[l at ! pres5t "t1 &1 9 ! op9ion ( _m1 des]v$ly take ! fir/ place on acc\nt ( _! good qualities z pr(itable /ock1 no less ?an f ! e/imation 9 :i* !y are held z fancy f[ls4 ,s ext5sively h !y be5 diffus$ ov] ! entire l5g? & bread? ( ! l&1 t a l5g!n$ description ( _! peculi>ities is sc>cely requisite4 ,_! l>ge size1 peculi> cr[1 small w+s1 rudim5t>y tail1 & ! extraord9>y developm5t ( ! fluffy fea!rs ( ! ?ighs & "u p>ts ( ! body are famili> to all2 ^! rem>kable *>act]i/ics are c>ri$ to an extreme degree 9 ! bird %[n 9 ! engrav+1 :i* is a repres5tation ( an import$ h51 =m]ly ! prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,&rews4 ,9 pur*as+ ,co*9s = /ock1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to obta9 birds ( good quality1 z bre$+ f second & ?ird-rate f[ls w be f\nd exce$+ly undesirable4 ,z reg>ds size1 ! cocks %\ld weigh at lea/ #ajlbs41 ! h5s #hlbs41 :5 full gr[n2 !y %\ld be %ort on ! legs1 :i* %\ld be yell[ & well fea!r$ d[n to ! tips ( ! out] toes1 :i* %\ld only be f\r 9 numb] on ea* foot4 ,! tail fea!rs %\ld1 9 bo? sexes1 be v small1 & almo/ hidd5 by ! d5se mass ( saddle fea!rs cov]+ ! back1 & ! fluff %\ld be well develop$4 ,) reg>d to col\r1 at pres5t ! fa%ion is entirely 9 fav\r ( ! light buff birds1 :i*1 to comm& ! highe/ prices1 mu/ ev5 be de/itute ( d>k m>k+s on ! neck hackle2 or any slaty t+e 9 ! d[ny "u portions ( ! fluff1 or ( ! body fea!rs4 ,! rage = light buff birds ,i reg>d z an undue prejudice1 & believe ! d>k] bre$s w be f\nd q z valuable = f>m+ /ock2 9 fact1 ! extreme prices :i* are comm&$ by ! lighte/ birds are simply ow+ to ! difficulty ( bre$+ !m p]fectly free f d>k col\r2 & am confid5t t x has _h a v injuri\s effect ^u ! bre$2 = size & =m h be5 sacrific$ 9 ! endeav\r to re> birds ( ! desir$ col\r1 & 9 too _m in/ances a set ( small leggy almond %ap$ h5s h tak5 ! place ( heavy squ>e-built %ort-legg$ birds ( a d>k] col\r4 ,! :ite birds1 ?\gh exce$+ly ornam5tal1 are sc>cely equal 9 "* to ! col\r$ v>ieties1 & ! black h hi!rto be5 only produc$ by cross+ a buff ) a :ite1 &1 z might be expect$ f su* an orig91 _! prog5y are v unc]ta9 9 _! col\r4 ,putt+ aside ! value ( ,co*9s z fancy f[ls1 _! *ief importance z pr(itable p\ltry dep5ds on ! imm5se supply ( w9t] eggs yield$ by ! pullets ( ! ye>4 ,?is1 ,i am confid5t1 w ev5tually be f\nd _! /ronge/ recomm5dation2 = table birds1 _! l5g? ( leg1 small brea/1 & game-l flav\r1 are objectionable1 & ! col\r ( _! sk9 r5d]s !m v unfit = be+ us$ z boil$ f[ls4 ,! attempt to bre$ pure ,co*9s ) a full] brea/ ,i believe to be p]fectly futile1 _! w+s are s small 9 size t !y nev] fly1 & ! muscles :i* move ! w+s & =m ! entire mass ( fle% on ! brea/1 are consequ5tly ( small size also2 x w\ld be z reasonable to expect ! muscles ( a blacksmi? 9 ! arms ( a drap]1 z ! plumpness ( a ,dork+ on ! brea/ ( a ,co*94 ,! h5s are extremely good sitt]s1 _! l>ge size enabl+ !m to cov] a great numb] ( eggs1 & _! docility1 & ! read9ess ) :i* !y sit 9 any situation 9 :i* !y may be plac$ :5 broody1 be+ also great recomm5dations4 ,i h f\nd t ! eggs hat* rem>kably well1 & t ! *ick5 are equally1 if n m h>dy ?an ^? ( o!r f[l4 ,9 speak+ ( _! good qualities1 _! cont5t$ness 9 a comp>atively small space1 _! atta*m5t to home1 & ! ease ) :i* !y are conf9$ by a ?ree feet f5ce1 mu/ n be omitt$4 ,_! *ocolate col\r$ eggs1 ?\gh small1 are ( good flav\r1 b !y h n yet be5 suffici5tly introduc$ into ! m>kets to /ate h[ !y are appreciat$ by ! public at l>ge4 ,) reg>d to _! lay+ twice 9 "o day1 su* an ev5t happ5s by f> too r>ely to be tak5 into consid]ation :5 speak+ ( _! economical value1 & :5 x does occur no egg is laid on ! foll[+ day4 ,! great drawback to ,co*9s1 z f>m]s' f[ls1 is ! l>ge quantity ( food !y require1 :i*1 not)/&+ all t has be5 said to ! contr>y by _! exclusive admir]s1 is consid]ably great] ?an t consum$ by o!r v>ieties1 & _! disposition leads !m to rema9 at home in/ead ( seek+ = worms & o!r food 9 ! fields2 9 fact1 ! old birds seem n to c>e = ! l>ge e>? worms1 :i* are s gre$ily dev\r$ by all o!r f[ls4 ,,brahma ,,pootras4--,9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is book ,i ins]t$ ! description1 f actual obs]vation1 ( a pair ( ^! birds t _h be5 s5t to ?is c\ntry f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ,dr4 ,b5nett1 :o claim$ to be ! orig9al hold] ( ! v>iety1 & ,i left ! "q z to _! be+ a di/9ct bre$ an op5 "o2 s9ce t article 0 publi%$ a m ext5d$ exp]i5ce & ! opportunity ( mak+ anatomical exam9ations ( v _m specim5s1 h l$ me to =m a decid$ op9ion respect+ _! orig9 & true "*4 ,all ! ,brahmas t h come "u my notice1 & ,i h made a po9t ( see+ z _m z possible1 h be5 ( ei!r "o or ! o!r ( ! ?ree foll[+ v>ieties1 namely3-- #a4 ,grey ,co*9s4 #b4 ,cross-br$ ,co*9 & ,dork+4 #c4 ,cross-br$ ,co*9 & ,malay1 or ,*ittagong4 ,t ! be/ ( ^! birds are no?+ m ?an grey ,co*9s1 is prov$ by ! fact t !y h be5 frequ5tly import$ f ,%anghae ) ! buff birds1 ev] s9ce ! latt] h be5 introduc$1 & ,i "k p]sonally t ! desc5dants ( ,grey ,co*9s1 :i* 7 ?us introduc$ into ?is c\ntry be=e ! "n ( ,brahma 0 ev] he>d (1 h tak5 prizes z ,brahma ,pootras2 ! circum/ance t ^? pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,avi>y 7 s5t ov] f ,am]ica z ,grey ,%anghaes w\ld alone be suffici5t to settle ! "q4 ,z to ! "n :i* has be5 giv5 to ^! birds1 !re is n "o tittle ( evid5ce to prove t !y ev] came f ! region ( ! ,brahma ,pootra riv]1 :i*1 9 ! l[] "p ( its c\rse1 is )9 "o hundr$ & fifty miles ( ,calcutta1 runn+ ?r\gh t]ritory :i* has long be5 9 ! possession ( ! ,briti%2 fur!r f its m\? x fl[s ?r\gh ! c\ntry ( ,assam1 to :i* "s ye>s s9ce ! ,ea/ ,india ,company s5t two mo/ obs]vant naturali/s to report on ! natural hi/ory ( ! region1 & _h any su* rem>kable f[ls exi/$ x is sc>cely cr$ible t !y c\ld h escap$ obs]vation4 ,a fur!r & ev5 m conclusive pro(1 if "o 7 ne$$1 may be f\nd 9 _! anatomical peculi>ities2 x is a fact1 univ]sally recogniz$ by comp>ative anatomi/s1 t ! di/+ui%+ *>act]s ( ne>ly alli$ animals are m /rongly m>k$ 9 ! bones ( ! skull ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! body2 if ! skull ( a ,co*9 be exam9$ !re w be f\nd 9 ! frontal bone1 exactly "u ! base ( ! comb1 a deep n>r[ groove runn+ f be=e backw>ds1 ?is rem>kable /ructure is peculi> to ^! birds1 be+ f\nd 9 no o!r v>iety :atev]1 & is z /rongly m>k$ 9 ! fir/ nam$ v>iety ( s call$ ,brahmas z 9 ! ,buff ,co*9s4 ,:5 x 0 f\nd t grey birds 7 realis+ l>ge sums1 e mode ( rais+ !m 0 put 9 practice2 s+le grey ,co*9s 7 mat$ ) buff1 & ! prog5y1 :5 ( ! desir$ col\r1 7 sold z ,brahmas2 9 o!r cases ,buff ,co*9s 7 pair$ ) light ,dork+ h5s1 & _m ( ! select$ *ick5 f\nd _! way to ! sale room4 ,"u my own eye la/ season _m ( ^! birds 7 s manufactur$2 dur+ ! autumn1 aft] ! bre$+ = /ock purposes 0 ov]1 a ,buff ,co*9 cock 0 all[$ to run ) "s ,dork+ h5s1 ! eggs ( ! lighte/ h5 7 hat*$1 & ! ,*ick5 7 all greys1 "s 7 cle>-legg$1 "s :ite-legg$1 o!rs five-to$2 b sev]al _h well-fea!r$ yell[ legs ) f\r toes1 & ^! 7 undi/+ui%able f a l>ge numb] ( ! birds sold z ,brahmas4 ,on exam9ation ,i f\nd ! frontal groove /rongly m>k$1 al?\gh1 z might be expect$1 9 a r less degree ?an 9 a pure br$ ,co*94 ,! birds orig9at+ 9 ! ,malay or ,*ittagong cross h be5 *iefly import$ f ,am]ica1 ,i _c !re=e give ! p>ticul>s ( _! manufacture1 b ! long snaky neck1 ! upright gait1 & ! peculi> c>riage ( ! head1 r5d] o!r evid5ce unnecess>y1 ,^! birds also h ! *>act]i/ic frontal groove4 ,aft] :at has be5 /at$1 x w sc>cely be expect$ t any l5g!n$ description ( ^! birds %\ld be giv54 ,! be/ are simply ,co*9s1 & z silv] p5cill$ ,%anghaes or ,brahma ,pootras1 !y 7 orig9ally av[$ly exhibit$ at ! ,london %[s4 ,! ,mongrels h e v>iety ( =m & almo/ ( col\r2 f ! mo/ celebrat$ y>ds are %ewn cle> legs & fea!r$ legs2 yell[ legs1 & :ite legs2 pea combs & s+le combs2 :ite birds1 grey birds1 & ev5 black birds1 all pure ,brahmas66 ,"o p]son writes t !y roam ov] acres1 ano!r au?ority /ates t !y are m dome/icat$ ?an ,co*9s2 on ! "o h&1 y he> ( _! lay+ eggs z l>ge z ^? ( turkeys1 & on ! o!r ( _! be+ ( ! av]age ,co*9 size2 "o day !y are said to cr[ l _! buff relations1 & ! next we he> t _! voices are mu* m melliflu\s4 ,my op9ion ( _! m]its & dem]its may be /at$ 9 a few words2 ( ! half bre$s ,i w only say t !y are wor?less = /ock purposes1 z !y d n bre$ true to any p>ticul> "*2 ( ! true grey ,co*9 ,i may /ate1 z f> z my exp]i5ce goes1 t !y are g5]ally leggy comp>$ ) ! be/ br$ buffs1 & t 9 _m ( !m !re is a rem>kable t5d5cy 7especially 9 ! h5s7 to accumulate int]nal abdom9al fat1 or 9 o!r words to 8g d[n beh9d0 a /ate ( ?+s g5]ally t]m9at+ 9 irregul>ity ( ! egg organs1 :i* runn+ on into inflammation is frequ5tly fatal2 at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ,i h no d\bt b t by c>eful bre$+ = a season or two !y may be produc$ 9 e respect equal to ! buff birds2 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,gwynne1 :o has re>$ !m long] ?an any o!r amateur 9 ?is c\ntry1 /ates 8 conviction t ! g5u9e /ra9 are a v good v>iety ( grey ,co*91 )\t ! slighte/ cross3 ?is v]dict respect+ !m1 com+ z x does f "o ( ! greate/ admir]s & mo/ successful re>]s ( ,brahmas1 w1 ,i h n ! slighte/ d\bt1 be ev5tually univ]sally acquiesc$ 92 ) reg>d to _! h>dihood z *ick51 ,i may /ate t ! mo/ successful re>] ( ,co*9s 9 ! ye> #ahec1 to ^: plans ,i h already allud$1 & :o sp>$ no exp5se 9 gett+ fir/ rate /ock1 in=ms me t he has re>$ ,brahmas & ,co*9s 9 ! same brood1 & t he has n f\nd ! =m] by any means ! h>di] v>iety4 ,,dork+s4--,to ^? :o re> *ick5s = ! table !re are no f[ls s well adapt$ z ! col\r$ ,dork+s2 ?\gh n rem>kable z lay]s1 z sitt]s & nurses !y _c be surpass$2 :il/ _! l>ge size1 plump brea/s1 %ort legs1 & delicate :ite fle%1 r5d] !m ! mo/ desirable table birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,speckl$ ,,dork+s4 ,latt]ly mu* att5tion has be5 paid to ?is v>iety1 & ! result has be5 t great improvem5ts 9 _! size & good qualities h be5 effect$4 ,! engrav+ repres5ts "o ( ! old birds1 ( :om x has be5 truly said1 8,_! qualities surpass _! *>ms40 ,9 ! improv$ k9ds ! head is small]1 ! "u "p ( ! brea/ full]1 & ! c>riage ( ! bird m elegant1 ! body be+ m compact2 ! fea!rs are also firm]1 & ,i h f\nd along ) ?is latt] "* t ! birds are h>di] & less subject to diseases ( ! egg organs4 ,dork+s v>y v mu* 9 col\r1 & !re is "s difficulty 9 bre$+ !m true to any m>k+4 ,my own op9ion is decid$ly 9 fav\r ( ! d>k birds1 bo? z to appe>ance & h>d9ess1 & ,i ?9k !re are no m noble f[ls ?an a heavy1 broad-*e/$1 d>k ,dork+ cock & a compact %ort-legg$ h54 ,dork+s are br$ ) bo? s+le & d\ble1 or rose combs1 b ! =m] are g5]ally pref]r$1 on ! score ( appe>ance4 ,9 pur*as+ ,dork+s = /ock1 broad compact bodies & %ort :ite legs1 ) five toes on ea* foot1 %\ld be reg>d$ z indisp5sable2 ! weight ( ^! birds v>ies v consid]ably2 9 ! p5s :i* h tak5 prizes at ! rec5t p\ltry %[s ! cocks h usually weigh$ ab\t t51 & ! h5s eight p\nds1 b ^! weights are beyond ! av]age1 & su* birds are n g5]ally to be obta9$4 ,! :ite ,dork+s1 al?\gh exce$+ly ornam5tal1 are n ( equal value 9 an economical po9t ( view1 be+ mu* small] 9 size1 & n>r[] & long] 9 ! body2 !y are almo/ inv>iably br$ ) a rose or d\ble comb1 & are obvi\sly a di/9ct v>iety f ! col\r$ ,dork+1 ! latt] hav+ evid5tly d]iv$ its size1 aptitude to fatt51 & o!r pr(itable *>act]i/ics f ! l>ge ,surrey f[l1 :i* diff]s only f :at is n[ kn[n z ! color$ ,dork+1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! fif? toe4 ,! great drawback to ! value ( ?is mo/ useful bre$ is 9 ! delicacy ( ! *ick52 9 spite ( e c>e !y too (t5 exhibit ! evil effects ( a con/itutional delicacy :5 ab\t ?ree weeks old1 :5 _! w+s droop1 & !y die )\t any evid5t cause1 :il/ o!r birds hat*$ at ! same "t1 & "u ! same treatm5t1 are runn+ ab\t full ( heal? & vig\r4 ,!re is a v errone\s op9ion1 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 t ,dork+s c only be successfully re>$ 9 ,k5t or ,surrey2 ! absurdity ( ?is /atem5t is evid5t f ! fact t ! be/ ,dork+s1 ^? t h c>ri$ (f ! fir/ prizes at ! v>i\s p\ltry %[s1 h n1 ) few exceptions1 be5 natives ( ,surrey4 ,! op9ion has evid5tly aris5 f _! delicacy :5 *ick51 & ! fact t p]sons at a di/ance h (t5 obta9$ a /ock ( ,dork+s1 & !n )\t any introduction ( fre% blood1 !y h cont9u$ bre$+ 89 & 90 until ! bre$ has deg5]at$1 n only 9 size1 b 9 con/itutional vig\r2 !re is h[ev] no d\bt b t on ! dry *alky soil ( ,k5t & ,surrey !y are m likely to d well ?an 9 any situation :]e ! gr\nd is wet or clayey4 ,dork+s d n be> conf9em5t well1 requir+ a good range2 to atta9 a l>ge size1 & make good table birds1 !y mu/ be lib]ally f$ at e p]iod ( _! lives1 h5ce1 & f ! fact t !y d n =age = !mselves z well z ! small] v>ieties1 !y are n ! be/ f[ls = ! cottag]1 especially z _! egg produc+ p[]s are n rem>kable4 ,i h f\nd t pullets hat*$ 9 ,april & ,may usually1 if well f$1 beg9 to lay ab\t ,*ri/mas1 & !re is no difficulty 9 hat*+ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,febru>y1 al?\gh !re is always "s unc]ta9ty ab\t re>+ ! *ick5 9 cold wea!r2 b ,i h f\nd t by coop+ ! h5s 9 a %$ op5 to ! s\? !y h done mu* bett] ?an 9 an enclos$ room4 ,to produce ! fat f[ls1 t are se5 9 great] p]fection 9 ! ,london m>kets ?an else:]e1 & :i* are g5]ally t]m$ 7al?\gh !y are n7 capons1 ,dork+s are coop$ = fatt+ at ! age ( ?ree to f\r mon?s 9 summ] & five to six 9 w9t]1 be+ f$ ) oatmeal1 mix$ ) wat] or milk2 ?is mu/ be giv5 fre% ?ree times a day1 ! fir/ meal be+ e>ly 9 ! morn+2 &1 9 addition1 ! birds %\ld be suppli$ ) :ole corn 7ei!r dry or boil$71 gravel1 clean wat]1 & a turf or gre5 meat2 ! mo/ scrupul\s cleanl9ess z to tr\ghs1 coops1 c41 be+ obs]v$4 ,by ^! means a f[l1 if previ\sly well f$1 w be fat en\gh = any useful purpose 9 a =tnight to ?ree weeks2 %\ld !y be requir$ v fat1 "s mutton suet2 or1 :at is equally good1 ! p>+s ( ! lo9s ( mutton1 may be *opp$ up ) ! food4 ,! unnatural process ( cramm+ is frequ5tly recomm5d$1 b ,i h nev] f\nd x necess>y4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t a f[l _c be kept 9 ! greate/ degree ( fatness = any l5g? ( "t1 z ! ov] repletion soon causes int]nal disease4 ,! h\ses mu/ be dry1 quiet1 d>k1 & w>m1 & ! fatt+ coops c>efully kept f draught1 & w>mly cov]$ at night dur+ cold wea!r4 ,,spani%4--,! true ,spani% f[ls1 kn[n by _! uni=m black col\r1 burni%$ ) respl5dant t9ts ( gre51 ! great developm5t ( comb & wattle1 & ! peculi> :ite face1 :i* %\ld be free f any o!r col\r1 are magnific5t birds4 ,reg>d$ z pr(itable p\ltry1 _! /rong recomm5dation consi/s 9 ! numb] & v l>ge size ( ! eggs laid by !m4 ,! h5s seldom attempt to hat*1 & are bad sitt]s & nurses2 _! eggs %\ld consequ5tly be hat*$ by o!r v>ieties4 ,! *ick5 are sl[ 9 fea!r+1 b ,i h n f\nd !m s delicate z is sometimes /at$1 x is n h[ev] desirable to hat* !m v e>ly 9 ! season1 z !y run ab\t = a long "t ) nak$ necks & w+s2 & !re is a rem>kable diff]5ce 9 ! f[ls ( ! same brood1 "s be+ f> sup]ior 9 size & qualities to ! rema9d]4 ,9 pur*as+ ,spani%1 blue legs1 ! entire abs5ce ( :ite or color$ fea!rs 9 ! plumage1 & a l>ge :ite face1 ) a v l>ge high comb1 :i* %\ld be erect 9 ! cock1 ?\gh p5dant 9 ! h5s1 %\ld be insi/$ ^u4 ,al?\gh ! fle% is ( good quality1 yet1 f ! want ( size1 ! l5g? & d>kness ( ! legs1 ! ,spani% is n equal to ! ,dork+ = ! table1 & f ! long p]iod ( _! m\lt+1 ! lay+ 9 w9t] is consid]ably int]f]$ )2 nev]!less1 ! l>ge size & numb] ( _! eggs r5d]s !m mo/ pr(itable1 & _! h&some c>riage & /rik+ contra/ ( col\r 9 ! comb1 face1 & plumage recomm5d !m to all2 !y are p]haps bett] adapt$ = a t[n f[l ?an any o!r v>iety1 z :5 full gr[n !y seem to suff] less f conf9em5t to a small run2 n unfrequ5tly exce$+ly good specim5s may be se5 9 ! /able y>ds ( ,london4 ,! price ( v good :ite fac$ ,spani% always ranges high1 not)/&+ t !y h be5 l>gely br$ 9 ?is c\ntry = _m ye>s2 ?is arises f ! extreme unc]ta9ty 9 ! "* ( ! *ick51 = ev5 :5 produc$ f eggs laid by fir/ rate /ock r$ fac$ birds con/antly make _! appe>ance1 & ^!1 ?\gh equally useful z lay]s1 are ( no value z /ock birds2 x may be rem>k$1 t ^? cock]els & pullets are mo/ promis+ t exhibit a long blui% sk9ny face1 z ?is g5]ally *anges into pure :ite4 ,9 ! ,we/ ( ,engl&1 a v>iety ( ! ,spani% kn[n z ,m9orcas are mu* e/eem$ z pr(itable lay]s4 ,!y diff] f _! m ari/ocratic relatives 9 possess+ a :ite e> lobe m]ely1 ! face be+ r$1 & 9 a some:at m compact & less leggy =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,brea/$ ,,r$ ,,game4 ,,game ,,f[l4--,?is v>iety1 =m]ly s ext5sively re>$ = ! cock-pit1 is /ill br$ by _m on acc\nt ( its beauty & utility4 ,! game cock is di/+ui%$ by a long head ) a /rong massive beak1 & a s+le upright comb2 ! *e/ is prom95t & fle%y1 ! :ole body muscul>1 ! c>riage bold & erect1 & ! fea!rs p>ticul>ly close & firm2 ! h5s are rem>kable = _! neat appe>ance1 & are *>act]iz$ by a l>ge erect fan-%ap$ tail4 ,9 col\r ?is bre$ v>ies greatly1 among/ ! mo/ e/eem$ /ra9s are ^? kn[n z ! black brea/$ r$s1 ! br[n brea/$ r$s or g+]s1 ! v>i\s piles1 a t]m appli$ to su* z h a proportion ( :ite 9 ! plumage1 duckw+s1 blues or grays1 & :ite & black4 ,game f[l fly well1 & a good grass run is absolutely ess5tial to _! well be+2 ! h5s usually lay ab\t five & tw5ty buff color$ eggs be=e want+ to sit1 & are unsurpass$ z mo!rs & nurses2 bo? sexes are good =ag]s1 supply+ !mselves ) a great portion ( _! food4 ,z table f[ls !y are small1 ?\gh plump1 ! quality ( ! fle% be+ v sup]ior4 ,! pugnaci\s disposition ( ! cock]els is mu* aga9/ !m 9 a pr(itable po9t ( view1 & x is desirable to cut (f _! combs & wattles at ! age ( five or six mon?s1 o!rwise1 f fight+1 mu* suff]+ & loss ( blood ensues1 ?is op]ation is usually p]=m$ ) a pair ( %>p scissors1 & ! application ( a little gre5 vitriol dissolv$ 9 wat] w be f\nd imm$iately to *eck ! effusion ( blood4 ,,hamburgh ,,f[ls4--,!re are two v di/9ct v>ieties ( ^! birds1 ! spangl$ & ! p5cill$2 :]e f[ls are kept ma9ly = ! production ( eggs1 no bre$s are s advantage\s2 & z !y are comp>atively unkn[n 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ,i h ent]$ r fully into _! description4 ,i am indebt$ to an amateur1 an ext5sive bre$] ( ! spangl$ v>iety1 = ! foll[+ acc\nt ( _! m]its4 8,gold & ,silv] ,spangl$ ,hamburghs4--,^! v beautiful v>ieties h n hi!rto attract$ ! att5tion :i* _! intr9sic m]its s ju/ly des]ve4 ,inde$1 except 9 ! nor!rn c\nties1 !y h be5 until lately almo/ unkn[n4 8,i w endeav\r1 z briefly z possible1 to put be=e my read]s1 fir/ly1 ! orig91 habits1 & economical m]its1 &1 la/ly1 ! desir$ po9ts ( beauty ( ^! d&ies 7p> excell5ce7 ( ! p\ltry y>d4 8,fir/ly z to _! hi/ory & orig9--,unlike ! p5cill$ ,hamburghs1 :i* are import$ :olesale f ,holl&1 ! spangl$ birds are nev] s obta9$1 & al?\gh simil> 9 "s ( _! habits1 !y are inf9itely m h>dy ?an _! p5cill$ rivals1 suff] less f cold1 lay bett] 9 w9t]1 & are f> less subject to r\p2 !y also atta9 to a consid]ably great] weight & size4 ,i am myself r incl9$ to consid] !m1 z !y h = ye>s und\bt$ly be51 natives ( our nor!rn c\nties1 m especially ,york%ire & ,lanca%ire1 al?\gh !y are said to be common 9 ,russia & ! nor!rn c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,! ,spangl$ ,hamburghs1 or ,pheasant ,f[ls1 z ! nor? c\ntry bre$]s call !m1 are1 9 my judgm5t1 ! be/ & mo/ regul> lay]s ,i c recomm5d2 b 9 ?is respect ! gold & silv] v>ieties some:at diff]4 ,i h g5]ally f\nd t ! pullets ( ! =m] v>iety comm5ce lay+ at ab\t six mon?s old1 &1 if ! season is mod]ately w>m1 !y cont9ue to lay ab\t n9e eggs a =tnight1 until _! m\lt+ "t ! foll[+ ye>--,i %\ld say t on an av]age !y lay ab\t #bjj eggs p] annum4 ,!y are ev]la/+ lay]s1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! ^w1 nev] sitt+1 & recomm5c+ _! lab\rs ( production ab\t two mon?s f ! comm5cem5t ( _! m\lt4 ,_! eggs are ( a fair size1 ( a v light p9ky br[n col\r1 & excell5t flav\r4 ,inde$1 9 ! latt] quality ! eggs ( ! ,hamburgh f[ls g5]ally are n to be surpass$4 8,x is ! birds ( silv] v>iety1 h[ev]1 :i* ,i reg>d & recomm5d z p]fect miracles ( egg-produc+ con/ancy4 ,!y comm5ce lay+1 if 9 good heal? & ) a good run 7an ess5tial to ! well-do+ ( bo? ! v>ieties71 at five mon?s old1 & g5]ally lay at lea/ six days out ( ! sev51 until ! m\lt+ season arrives--9 all probably "s #bej eggs4 ,!y v quickly get _! new plumage--& 9 six weeks recomm5ce _! lab\rs ) ! same praisewor?y dilig5ce1 until ano!r season pass$ w>ns !m t m\lt+ "t is aga9 at h&4 ,aft] ! second ye> ,i d n consid] x advisable to keep !m = lay+ purposes1 al?\gh ,i ?9k ! be/ *ick5 are br$ f !m aft] t p]iod ) a "y ye>l+ cock4 8,l _! gold5 relations !y nev] sit1 & r>ely ev9ce ! slighte/ desire to und]take ! task ( incubation4 ,i feel q confid5t t no f[l produces s mu* egg /uff ) s small an am\nt ( food4 ,give !m a good run1 a clean1 dry1 w>m h\se at night1 & "o qu>t] ( ! food y be/[ ^u ,co*9s1 & y w h no fur!r tr\ble ) !m4 ,!y fea!r e>ly & quickly1 & may safely be hat*$ e>ly 9 ,april4 8,i mu/ n1 h[ev]1 omit to /ate "o drawback :i* !re is to ! keep+ my spangl$ pets--!y fly l pheasants1 & "k n b\nds4 ,!y are great enemies to fl[]s1 fruit1 vegetables1 inde$1 any?+ !y c lay hold (2 & al?\gh capable ( be+ made z tame z any o!r f[ls1 9 _! in/9cts !y seem almo/ m l game ?an dome/icat$ p\ltry4 ,h[ev]1 z a balance to ?is1 !re is no f[l s capable ( tak+ c>e ( itself1 ( f9d+ its own food1 ( avoid+ dang]1 & ( repay+ its own] h&somely = ! slight c>e x dem&s at 8 or h] h&s4 ,inde$1 ,i _c recomm5d to a beg9n] 9 p\ltry-keep+ a m beautiful & int]e/+1 or a m pr(itable selection4 8,!re is mu* diff]5ce ( op9ion ab\t ! desir$ po9ts ( beauty 9 ^! birds4 ,= ! exact requirem5ts 9 ! nor? c\ntry %[s ,i mu/ ref] my read]s to ! ,rules ( ! ,york%ire ,societies1 & ,i w !re=e conf9e myself to a brief & g5]al description ( :at ,i consid] requisite = p]fection 9 ^! birds1 & fir/ly z to ! gold5 v>iety2 al?\gh1 ) ! exception ( a few obs]vations :i* ,i %all make ab\t ! cocks1 ! same po9ts are almo/ requisite 9 bo? v>ieties4 8,9 ! cocks1 ! comb %\ld be flat1 rose1 /ret*+ f> back on ! head1 & end+ 9 a pike--at lea/ an in* & a qu>t] 9 wid?1 & z squ>e 9 %ape z possible2 ! e> lobe :ite2 ! neck hackle 9 ! gold5 v>iety1 ( :i* ,i am n[ speak+1 black fr+$ ) gold2 ! back1 brea/1 & legs1 regul>ly spangl$1 & ! l>g] & bright] gre5 black ! spangles ! bett]2 ! saddle fea!rs small & spangl$2 ! tail long1 full1 & ( a brilliant gre5 black2 ! legs light grey blue2 toe nails :ite4 ,! same description applies to ! h5s1 :o %\ld h a flat rose comb1 n lopp+1 b upright2 ! gr\nd col\r ( ! plumage %\ld be a ri* r$ gold or burnt si5na col\r4 ,"o great po9t ( beauty also1 bo? 9 ! cocks & h5s1 is t ! w+ %\ld be regul>ly lac$1 z 9 ! spangl$ ,pol&s4 ,! great difficulty 9 bre$+ ! cocks is ! t5d5cy !y h to come ) black brea/s & r$ backs--& = %[ su* birds are valueless1 al?\gh x is said m likely to ?r[ good pullets ?an ! spangl$ brea/$ birds :i* are sometimes t]m$ h5-fea!r$4 ,! silv] spangl$ cock %\ld n be h5-fea!r$1 ! hackle1 & saddle fea!rs %\ld be :ite1 ! latt] v long1 ! tail spangl$ black & :ite1 ! brea/ regul>ly spangl$ up to ! ?roat1 & 9 col\r ! cle>e/ :ite = ! gr\nd1 & ! brighte/ gre5 black = ! spangles is requisite4 ,! lac+ ( ! w+ 9 ?is v>iety is q a s9e qu non1 bo? 9 ! cocks & h5s2 & 9 ! latt] ! tail %\ld be cle> :ite1 ) ?ree or f\r l>ge circul> spangles ^u x1 b no o!r d>k m>k+s :atev]4 ,! neck1 back1 brea/1 rump1 & legs1 %\ld be regul>ly spangl$1 & !re %\ld be a total abs5ce ( pat*9ess 9 ! m>k+s4 ,9 bo? v>ieties great di/9ctness ( col\r is requisite1 & f ! delicacy ( ! plumage ! slighte/ approa* to bre$+ 9 & 9 is sure to make ! produce utt]ly valueless4 ,9 conclusion1 ! c>riage ( ! cocks %\ld be l(ty & upright ) ! brea/ ?r[n =w>d l ! ,pol&s2 ! weight ( ! male birds f #elb4 to #flb41 ( ! h5s f #dlb4 to #elb41 or a little m40 ,!re is1 9 addition to ! gold & silv] spangl$1 a ?ird v>iety ( ^! f[ls1 9 :i* ! :ole plumage is ( a glossy gre5 black1 ! o!r *>act]s be+ simil> to ^? above describ$2 ^! are t]m$ ,black ,pheasant ,f[ls 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&4 ,! t]m pheasant f[l1 z appli$ to ! spangl$ ,hamburgh1 takes its orig9 f ! cresc5tic moon %ap$ m>k+s1 :i* resemble ^? ( t bird2 & ! t]m ,moonies is also sometimes appli$ to !m f ! same cause4 ,p5cill$ ,hamburghs4--,?is v>iety is also ( two col\rs1 gold5 & silv]1 ! h5s 9 bo? %\ld h ! fea!rs ( ! body di/9ctly p5cill$ or m>k$ across ) sev]al sep>ate b>s ( black1 ! hackle 9 bo? sexes %\ld be p]fectly free f d>k m>ks1 ! comb a pik$ rose1 ! e> lobe :ite1 & ! legs blue z 9 ! spangl$ ,hamburghs1 ! tail %\ld be v l>ge & black or bronz$4 ,! cocks d n %[ ^! p5cill+s1 b are :ite or br[n 9 ! silv] or gold5 birds respectively4 ,! birds are ( a compact =m1 & v graceful sprightly c>riage4 ,!y d n sit1 b lay exce$+ly well1 h5ce "o ( _! common names1 t ( ,dut* e day lay]s1 !y are also kn[n 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry z ,*itteprats1 ,creoles1 or ,corals2 ,bolton bays & grays2 & 9 "s p>ts ( ,york%ire by ! errone\s "n ( ,corsican f[ls4 ,l>ge numb]s are import$ f ,holl&1 b ! birds br$ 9 ?is c\ntry are mu* sup]ior 9 size1 reta9+1 h[ev]1 _! pr(itable *>act]i/ics4 ,,pol& ,,f[ls4--,pol& f[ls are *>act]iz$ by ! pres5ce ( a l>ge top-knot1 :i*1 9 ! cocks1 is compos$ ( fea!rs resembl+ ^? ( ! hackle1 & 9 ! h5s =ms a d5se globul> tuft2 a v small cresc5t %ap$ comb is usually pres5t1 ris+ l two small horns f ! ar*$ & dilat$ no/rils4 ,sev]al v>ieties ( col\r exi/2 9 ! black birds !re %\ld be an entire abs5ce ( :ite except 9 ! top-knot1 9 :i* ! less black ! bett]1 ! *e/ %\ld be v prom95t an fle%y1 ! legs d>k1 ! wattles l>ge & p5dul\s4 ,! spangl$ ,pol&s1 bo? gold & silv]1 are r l>g] & less compact2 & 9 addition to ! cre/1 _m possess a l>ge tuft$ be>d4 ,o!r v>ieties1 z buff1 :ite1 c41 also exi/1 b !y are less frequ5t4 ,pol&s are v good lay]s1 b d n sit2 z table birds !y are n surpass$ by any v>iety 9 quality & plumpness1 al?\gh _! small size is aga9/ !m z a m>ket f[l1 & _! delicacy z *ick5 is also a consid]able drawback2 f ! latt] circum/ance1 !y w sc>cely be f\nd entitl$ to rank z pr(itable p\ltry1 except on dry1 s&y1 or *alky soil1 & 9 w>m1 %elt]$ situations4 ,,malay ,,f[ls4--,malays are l>ge leggy f[ls1 ) a v upright c>riage1 small tail & cle> legs1 _! heads & necks are long & snaky1 & di/+ui%$ by a small w>ty comb2 ! h5s are fair lay]s & rem>kably good sitt]s & nurses4 ,malays are ( almo/ e v>iety ( col\r1 black1 :ite1 grey1 c41 ?\gh ! mo/ common t9t is a c9namon br[n4 ,!y are n z l>gely br$ z =m]ly1 = z egg produc]s !y are n v pr(itable1 & _! l>ge limbs are aga9/ _! use z table f[ls4 ,:at is t]m$ ! ,pheasant ,malay orig9ates 9 a bad cross betwe5 ! ,malay & spangl$ ,hamburgh1 9 :i* ! good qualities ( bo? bre$s are sacrific$4 ,,bantams1 ,,silk ,,f[ls1 ,,frizzl$ ,,& ,,rumpless ,,f[ls1 c41 c41 c h>dly be reg>d$ z pr(itable p\ltry1 b come "u ! description ( fancy f[ls4 ,z pay+ /ock1 my op9ion is 9 fav\r ( "o or o!r ( ! foll[+ v>ieties3-- ,= m>ket f[ls = table use1 ! col\r$ ,dork+ is unequall$4 ,= ! production ( eggs1 ,hamburghs :]e !re is a free range2 ,co*9s & ,spani% :]e !re is less space2 ! fir/ be+ ! be/ w9t] lay]s1 ! latt] yield+ ! l>ge/ eggs4 ,_m p]sons recomm5d cross bre$+ f[ls = ! purpose ( improv+ ^u c]ta9 v>ieties2 x is difficult to see by :at cross ! qualities ( ,dork+s1 z table f[ls1 c be improv$2 or ! sup]ior lay+ prop]ties ( ,hamburghs1 ,spani%1 & ,co*9s1 increas$4 ,to improve ! h>dihood ( ,dork+s "s v exp]i5c$ p]sons h recomm5d$ cross+ a ,malay cock ) ,dork+ h5s2 9 ?is case c>e mu/ be tak5 to kill all ! cross-br$ *ick51 z1 if br$ f aga91 a set ( v>iable1 wor?less mongrels are ! result4 ,i h myself1 h[ev]1 nev] se5 any cross-br$ f[ls equal = ! table to ! pure ,dork+4 ,= home consumption1 yield+ num]\s eggs1 & l>ge size *ick51 ,co*9s are v valuable2 _! h>dihood1 docility1 & matronly habits1 enable a great] numb] to be re>$ f ! same numb] ( h5s1 ?an c be obta9$ f any o!r v>iety2 b z p\ltry = ! m>ket !y are ( little value4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i w\ld /rongly recomm5d p]sons :o are at pres5t bre$+ f common f[ls1 n to attempt to improve !m by ! introduction ( "o or two good male birds into ! y>d1 b to obta9 a good /ock ei!r by ! pur*ase ( birds or eggs1 & to bre$ f !m alone1 avoid+ ( c\rse all int]m>riage betwe5 blood relations4 ,,diseases4 ,! diseases ( p\ltry may p]haps be m conv5i5tly arrang$ "u ! heads ( ! diff]5t p>ts t are affect$ ?an 9 any m /rictly sci5tific ord]4 ,we may !re=e describe !m z affect+ ! ,sk91 ,lungs & ,air ,passages1 ,dige/ive ,sy/em1 ,egg ,organs1 ,bra91 & ! ,organs ( ,motion4 ,,sk9 ,,diseases4--,:5 f[ls are kept on unnatural food1 & 9 closely conf9$1 dirty situations1 !y are v liable to lose ! fea!rs ( ! head & neck f a *ronic disease ( ! sk94 ,?is compla9t may be con/antly se5 9 ! f[ls 9 ! mews & /abley>ds 9 ,london1 :]e x arises f ! dirty1 d>k roo/+ places1 & abs5ce ( fre% vegetable & insect food4 ,( c\rse a radical cure is out ( ! "q1 unless ! unnatural circum/ances produc+ ! disease are remov$2 if ?is is done1 & a five-gra9 ,plumm]'s pill giv5 on two or ?ree occasions1 at int]vals ( ?ree days1 ! disease is spe$ily remov$1 b ! fea!rs w n be replac$ until ! next m\lt+ season4 ,9 ,co*9s :i* h be5 highly f$1 p>ticul>ly if peas & greaves h =m$ "p ( _! food1 a some:at simil> disease is (t5 se52 &1 z x comm5ces ) :it5ess ( ! comb1 x is frequ5tly t]m$ 8:ite comb40 ,! treatm5t 9 sev]e cases is simil> to t previ\sly describ$2 b mild attacks are said to yield to ! application ( turm]ic mix$ ) cocoa-nut oil 9 ! proportion ( "o "p ( ! =m] to eight ( ! latt]4 ,m\lt+1 be+ a natural action1 _c be reg>d$ z a disease1 b x frequ5tly is mu* delay$1 & ! birds evid5tly suff] 9 su* cases2 x is !re=e desirable1 :5 f[ls are n m\lt+ fav\rably1 to treat !m z invalids1 giv+ !m food :i* is m n\ri%+ ?an usual1 su* z a little *opp$ meat1 ei!r raw or cook$1 keep+ !m 9 a w>m & %elt]$ habitation1 c4 ,lice (t5 infe/ f[ls to an extreme degree1 & cause a great am\nt ( irritation2 ?is inconv5i5ce may be prev5t$ by giv+ !m dry a%es to scuffle 91 & keep+ ! h\ses clean & well lime-wa%$4 ,:5 !y are v abundant1 fl\r ( brim/one du/$ "u ! fea!rs w be f\nd a c]ta9 rem$y2 x is conv5i5tly us$ if ti$ up 9 a piece ( co>se musl91 or p[d]$ f a fl\r dr$g]1 or if m conv5i5t1 a p\nd or two may be add$ to ! du/ ba?4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,! ,,lungs ,,& ,,air ,,passages4--,r\p is ! mo/ s]i\s disease occurr+ 9 ! p\ltry y>d1 n only on acc\nt ( its affect+ l>ge numb]s at "o "t1 b also f ! fact t x is n easily subdu$ by m$ical treatm5t2 great confusion & diff]5ce ( op9ion h occurr$ f sev]al di/9ct diseases hav+ be5 conf\nd$ "u ?is "n4 ,true r\p comm5ces ) a /icky dis*>ge f ! no/rils1 at fir/ cle>1 b aft]w>ds ?ick & ( a v peculi> & (f5sive smell1 ! no/rils become p>tially or entirely clos$1 & !re is consequ5tly "s slight difficulty ( brea?+1 & a di/5tion ( ! loose sk9 ( ! "u jaw may be notic$2 fro? frequ5tly appe>s at ! inn] corn] ( ! eye1 ! lids swell1 & 9 sev]e cases ! sides ( ! face swell greatly1 ! f[l becom+ bl9d2 f ! dis*>ge be+ wip$ on ! fea!rs ( ! side & "u ! w+1 !y become matt$ toge!r2 & 9 addition to ^! symptoms !re is extreme ?ir/4 ,r\p is ess5tially a disease ( ! membrane l9+ ! nose1 simil> 9 ?is respect to gl&]s 9 horses2 ,i believe x to be highly contagi\s1 & unless a r\py f[l is v valuable w\ld recomm5d its be+ at once kill$4 ,i ?9k ! disease is (t5 communicat$ by ! dis*>ge f ! no/rils runn+ into ! wat] out ( :i* ! f[ls dr9k4 ,z to treatm5t1 a r\py f[l %\ld at once be remov$ f ! y>d1 plac$ 9 a w>m dry room1 ! no/rils & eyes spong$ ) w>m wat]1 & a solution ( t5 gra9s ( blue vitriol to an ounce ( wat] dropp$ into ! no/rils1 ei!r f ! front or ?r\gh ! slit 9 ! ro( ( ! m\?1 w>m /imulat+ food1 z meal or bread & ale1 & a little pepp] %\ld be giv54 ,rem$ies giv5 int]nally seem to h b v little effect on ! disease1 b ,i ?9k ,i h se5 m b5efit f half a gra9 ( blue vitriol giv5 once a day 9 meal ?an f any o!r m$ic9e4 ,cr\p1 f ! simil>ity ( its "n is (t5 conf\nd$ ) ,r\p1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 x is p]fectly di/9ct1 be+ inflammation ( ! w9d-pipe1 ! symptoms are a difficulty ( brea?+ & a rattl+ or peculi> noise 9 ! ?roat1 ?is1 9 "s cases1 is ev5 musical2 sometimes ?ick glairy mucus is c\gh$ up1 b !re is nev] any swell+ ( ! face or dis*>ge f ! no/rils1 ! disease is mo/ frequ5t 9 damp wea!r1 & yields readily to w>m dry h\s+1 & "o-twelf? ( a gra9 ( t>t> emetic4 ,inflammation ( ! lungs is kn[n by a difficulty ( brea?+1 b )\t ! noise ( cr\p1 ! same treatm5t ) t>t> emetic is advisable4 ,consumption1 aris+ f ! pres5ce ( scr(ul\s matt] 9 ! lungs1 is produc$ by cold1 damp1 bad food1 & is also inh]it$ f p>5ts2 ?is disease be+ h]$it>y1 x is worse ?an useless to attempt to cure f[ls t are affect$1 z ! *ick5 are c]ta9 to be ta9t$ ) ! disease4 ,pip is ! "n giv5 to a dry horny scale :i* appe>s on ! tongue1 9 all ^? diseases 9 :i* ! f[l becomes fev]i%2 x is only a symptom ( int]nal fev] & n a disease itself1 ! rem$y is to remove ! real disease caus+ x4 ,gapes 9 *ick5 is caus$ by peculi> p>asitic worms adh]+ to ! inside ( ! w9dpipe2 !y are readily remov$ by /ripp+ a small quill ( its side fea!r1 except an in* ( ! end1 dipp+ x 9 spirits ( turp5t9e1 & ins]t+ x 9 ! w9d-pipe2 b z ?is rem$y (t5 excites fatal inflammation1 ,i h sugge/$ fumigation ) ! vap\r ( turp5t9e1 by %utt+ ! *ick5 up 9 a box1 ) "s %av+s moi/5$ ) ! _s1 z long z !y c )/& ! action ( ! vap\r1 & ! rem$y has be5 f\nd v successful4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,! ,,dige/ive ,,organs are simple 9 _! treatm5t4 ,a f[l sometimes becomes crop-b\nd f ov]di/5d+ t organ2 w>m wat] p\r$ d[n ! ?roat frequ5tly loos5s ! mass2 b1 if necess>y1 a p]p5dicul> incision may be made at ! upp] "p ( ! swell+ suffici5tly l>ge to extract ! swoll5 food1 & x w be f\nd to close aga9 )\t ! slighte/ difficulty2 ! f[l %\ld1 h[ev]1 be kept on s(t food = sev]al days aft]w>ds4 ,inflammation ( ! /oma*1 :i* is situat$ betwe5 ! crop & ! gizz>d1 is a v frequ5t cause ( dea? 9 highly f$ f[ls--!y mope1 refuse to eat1 p9e away1 & die2 !re is no cure = ! disease1 b x is readily prev5t$ by ! use ( natural food--peas1 greaves1 hemp se$1 be+ rigor\sly exclud$4 ,9 ,di>rha1 five gra9s ( *alk1 two gra9s ( cay5ne1 & five gra9s ( p[d]$ rhub>b may be giv51 & if ! dis*>ge is n spe$ily *eck$1 a gra9 ( opium & ! same quantity ( ipecacuanha may be adm9i/]$ e f\r or six h\rs4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,! ,,egg ,,organs4--,! mo/ important disease ( ^! organs is inflammation ( ! egg passage1 %ewn by ! lay+ ( s(t or imp]fect eggs2 ?is compla9t is readily rem$i$ by giv+ "o gra9 ( calomel & "o-twelf? ( a gra9 ( t>t> emetic1 made into a pill ) meal2 sometimes s(t eggs arise f a defici5cy ( lime1 9 :i* case1 a little old mort> rubbi% rem$ies ! defect4 ,! calomel & t>t> emetic1 :i* ,i fir/ recomm5d$ = ?is disease 9 ! ,cottage ,g>d5]1 has be5 frequ5tly giv5 9 o!r diseases1 su* z inflammation ( ! /oma*1 c41 & ,i ne$ sc>cely say ) ! effect ( aggravat+ ! evil v mat]ially2 !re is no univ]sal p\ltry m$ic9e4 ,disease ( ! ov>y1 or organ 9 :i* ! yolks are =m$1 is n unfrequ5t1 :5 ! comb & wattles become l ^? ( ! cock1 & ! h5 cr[s frequ5tly2 su* birds are g5]ally b errone\sly t]m$ h5-cocks1 !y mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! h5-fea!r$ cocks spok5 ( 9 ! article on ,hamburghs4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,! ,,limbs4--,cramp 9 "y *ick5 f exposure to cold & damp is v fatal to e>ly hat*es1 x c be prev5t$ only by w>m? & dryness4 ,leg weakness1 :i* is mo/ frequ5t 9 rapidly gr[+ *ick5 & "y birds1 p>ticul>ly ,co*9s1 arises f a disproportion betwe5 ! weight & /r5g? ( ! animal1 ! bird 9 consequ5ce1 s9ks d[n ^u its hocks2 ,i h f\nd f\r or five gra9s ( citrate ( iron giv5 daily 9 meal successful 9 e case 9 :i* ,i h employ$ x4 ,inflammation ( ! feet1 closely resembl+ g\t1 ,i h se5 9 _m cases1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,co*9s2 ! feet become v hot & swell4 ,"o gra9 ( calomel at night & ?ree drops ( col*icum w9e twice a day1 ,i h f\nd af=d consid]able relief4 ,! bumble foot ( ,dork+s1 is a swell+ occurr+ 9 ! ball ( ! foot1 n att5d$ ) heat1 b foll[$ by ulc]ation & a diseas$ gr[?4 ,i h f\nd t x may1 to a great degree1 be prev5t$ by hav+ ! p]*es broad & l[1 n above f\r feet 9 height1 z ! disease is evid5tly set up 9 _m cases1 & increas$ 9 all1 by ! viol5ce ) :i* ! heavy birds desc5d to ! gr\nd2 f ! l[ vitality ( ! p>ts affect$1 ,i h f\nd t no treatm5t is att5d$ ) any b5eficial results4 ,brok5 w+s are be/ treat$ by ty+ ! po9ts ( ! quill fea!rs toge!r 9 a natural position & keep+ ! bird 9 an empty place1 :]e !re is no p]* to tempt x to fly4 ,brok5 legs may be b&ag$ r\nd by /rips ( /\t br[n pap] soak$ 9 :ite ( egg well beat5 up ) a =k1 ! leg %\ld be kept /eady by two spl9ts ( wood until ! pap] has become dry1 :5 x w be f\nd suffici5tly firm to rema9 secure if w\nd r\nd ) a turn or two ( ?read4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,! ,,bra9 are n unfrequ5t 9 ov]f$ f[ls1 apoplexy be+ ! mo/ frequ5t4 ,! birds affect$ fall sudd5ly f _! p]*es & are f\nd dead4 ,little c be done 9 ! way ( cure2 mu* 9 ! way ( prev5tion1 by ab/a9+ f unnatural food2 9 an actual attack1 if ! bird is se5 be=e dea?1 x may be bl$ by op5+ ! ve9 on ! "u side ( ! w+1 b ! *ances ( recov]y are b small4 ,p>alysis also arises f ! same cause4 ,9 v]tigo1 :i* dep5ds on an undue det]m9ation ( blood to ! bra91 ! f[ls run r\nd & r\nd or /agg] ab\t2 lett+ a /ream ( cold wat] on ! head imm$iately relieves1 ?is %\ld be foll[$ by a gra9 ( calomel or t5 ( jalap1 9 sev]e cases x may be necess>y to op5 a ve94 ,9 mo/ ( ! old] p\ltry books c]ta9 no/rums1 z rue & butt]1 are con/antly recomm5d$2 rue is a viol5t irritat+ /imulant1 & ,i am n aw>e ( any disease affect+ f[ls 9 :i* its use is at all likely to be productive ( good effects4 ,k+1 ,pr9t]1 #fc1 ,que5 ,/reet1 ,*eapside4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,words & phrases 9 italics are surr\nd$ by und]scores1 l ?is4 ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation 0 n *ang$4 ,two misspell$ words 7 correct$4 ,"o excess comma 0 remov$4 ,"o f9al /op miss+ at ! end ( an abbreviation 0 add$4 ,a column key 0 add$ to ! table beg9n+ on l9e #daa4