,,fir/ ,,lessons ,,9 ,,batik            
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,batik ,,wall ,,hang+4
 ,,by ,,anna ,,tyrell4 ,,art ,,in/itute 
,,(  ,,*icago    ,by ! ,c\rtesy ( ,mrs4 
,c>ol9e ,kohl                           
,,fir/                                  
,,lessons ,,9 ,,batik                   
,a ,,h&book ,,9 ,,batik1 ,,tie-,,dye+   
,,& ,,all ,,patt]n ,,dye+               
,by                            ,,g]trude
 ,,clayton ,,lewis                      
,in/ructor 9 ,art1 ,l9dblom ,high       
,s*ool1 ,*icago                         
,illu/ration3 ,a ,javanese ,motif       
,,! ,,prang ,,company                   
#aibb ,calumet ,av5ue1 ,*icago          
#cj ,irv+ ,place1 ,new ,york            
,copyright1 #aiba                       
,by ,,! ,,prang ,,company          ,,!  
,,preface      ,! gr[+ int]e/ 9 8,batik0
 leads ! au?or to believe t ?is         
,h&book1 describ+ ! v>i\s processes &   
illu/rat+ a numb] (  def9ite problems1 w
 meet ! ne$ ( _m arti/s1 tea*]s1 &      
craft work]s :o wi% to try _! h& at ?is 

new & fasc9at+  ori5tal art4    ,! book 
does n attempt to pres5t a hi/orical or 
critical /udy  ( 8,batik10 b to give    
detail$ directions = do+ ! "w "u        
,am]ican conditions4 8,batik0 pres5ts _m
 new & int]e/+ problems  = art work]s :o
 h we>i$ ( *9a pa9t+1 metal "w1         
embroid]y1 etc4 ,x n only p]mits ! work]
 to produce exquisite  g[ns1 sc>fs1     
table cov]s1 bags1 curta9s1 & _m o!r    
articles t  w express h] own            
individuality1 & be exactly suit$ to !  
color  s*eme & design ( _! surr\nd+s1 b 
x also w enable !  work] to produce     
articles ( comm]cial value :i* are      
readily salable4  ,z ! beauty & value ( 
8,batik0 dep5ds almo/ :olly ^u !        
p]sonal t\* & arti/ic ta/e ( ! work] :o 
produces x1 !re is  little likelihood ( 
its be+ comm]cializ$ or produc$ by      
me*anical  processes4 ,?is promises to  
keep x an individual craft4    ,:ile    
8,batik0 (f]s l>ge opportunities = home 
work]s1 x also  pres5ts an int]e/+ field
 = indu/rial art problems = /ud5ts 9    

art s*ools1 high s*ools1 normal s*ools1 
& colleges4 ,_m progressive  art tea*]s 
are (f]+ c\rses 9 8,dyes & ,dye+0 9     
connection )  _! sci5tific /udy (       
8,color10 & relat+ !m also to ! "w 9    
8,co/ume ,design10 8,int]ior            
,decoration10 & 8,dome/ic ,art40        
8,bateeko ,p[d] ,dyes0 are recomm5d$ =  
,batik "w4 ,^! dyes c be  prep>$ & kept 
9 bottles 9 /rong solution1 ready =     
imm$iate  use4 ,x is n necess>y to boil 
! goods 9 ! dyes1 z !y "w  successfully 
9 tepid wat] & )\t con/ant /irr+4 ,^!   
dyes are  recomm5d$ z unusually         
beautiful & brilliant1 yet s(t 9 tone4  
,mr4 ,alb]t ,buell ,lewis1 ,assi/ant    
,curator ( ! ,dep>tm5t (  ,an?ropology 9
 ! ,field ,museum1 ,*icago1 has furni%$ 
int]e/+  hi/orical data & suppli$ a     
numb] ( illu/rations f 8 private        
collection ( 8,batiks40    ,photographs 
h be5 k9dly loan$ by ! foll[+3 ,! ,art  
,in/itute  ( ,*icago2 ,pr(essor ,alb]t  
,w4 ,heckman ( ,tea*]s ,college1        
,columbia  ,univ]sity2 ! 8,k]amic       

,/udio20 ! 8,indu/rial ,arts ,magaz9e20 
,mrs4  ,hel5 ,re$ ( ,new ,york ,city2   
,mrs4 ,c>ol9e ,kohl2 ,miss ,amy ,swi%] (
  ,miami ,univ]sity1 ,ox=d1 ,ohio2      
,lieut5ant ,jean ,paul ,sluss] ( ! ,u4  
,s4  ,g5]al ,hospital1 ,=t ,mc,henry1   
,ind42 ,miss ,rose ,buhlig ( ! ,l9dblom 
,high ,s*ool1 ,*icago2 ,miss ,anna      
,tyrell4    ,! publi%]s are "u special  
obligation to ,miss ,m>y ,c4 ,scovel1   
,head  ( ! ,normal ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,art   
,in/itute ( ,*icago1 :o prep>$  ! outl9e
 & fir/ draft ( ?is book1 & gave _m     
practical  sugge/ions4    ,!y w\ld be   
glad to receive sugge/ions or int]e/+   
photographs (  8,batik0 suitable = use 9
 connection ) future editions ( ?is     
book4          ,! ,table ( ,cont5ts     
,,page        ,! ,preface               
#e        ,*apt] ,i4    ,! ,hi/ory (    
,batik             #g        ,*apt]     
,,ii4   ,! ,me?od 9 ,java               
#aj        ,*apt] ,,iii4  ,!            
,possibilities ( ,batik      #bj        
,*apt] ,,iv4   ,processes ( ,batik ,dye+

       #cf        ,*apt] ,v4    ,crackle
 9 ,batik                #dd            
,*apt] ,,vi4   ,color & ,h[ to ,use ,x  
#ej        ,*apt] ,,vii4  8,ti$ & ,dy$0 
,"w            #fj        ,*apt] ,,viii4
 ,dye+ ,sugge/ions              #gd     
,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,ca/le10 ,a ,,batik 
,,wall ,,hang+4 ,,by ,,w9old ,,reiss    
,by c\rtesy ( ! ,academy ,art ,%op1 ,new
 ,york    ,copyright1 #aibj1 by !       
8,k]amic ,/udio10 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4    
,,fir/ ,,lessons ,,9 ,,batik            
,,*apt] ,i    ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,batik  
,! ^w 8,batik0 is ,javanese1 & means to 
pa9t or draw or design )  wax on        
textiles s t :5 plac$ 9 ! dye ! wax     
prev5ts ! "p  cov]$ f tak+ ! color4 ,!  
wax is !n remov$ by hot wat] or         
gasol9e1 leav+ ! p>ts ?us cov]$ ( !     
orig9al color4    ,f e>ly times & 9 _m  
places designs h be5 made 9 ?is  mann]  
on v>i\s k9ds ( objects1 b ! process    
rea*$ its highe/  developm5t 9 its      
application to wov5 fabrics4 ,wax seems 
to h be5  us$ 9 ?is mann] 9 s\!rn ,india

 & probably 9 "s o!r p>ts (  s\!a/]n    
,asia = c5turies4 ,e>ly ,buddhi/ic books
 ( ! n9? or  t5? c5tury ref] to a wax   
pa9t+ process1 & !re are pres]v$ 9      
,japan anci5t ,indian clo?s :i* h be5   
color$ 9 ?is mann]4    ,?is process (   
wax pa9t+1 h[ev]1 rea*$ its highe/      
developm5t  9 ,java1 :]e x 0 probably   
introduc$ ab\t ! twelf? c5tury4  ,!     
e>lie/ writt5 record we h /ates t 9     
#aeah1 !re 0 a  fl\ri%+ indu/ry ( ?is   
sort at ,*]ibon1 ,java1 :i* %[$ c]ta9   
rem>kable resemblances to ! processes   
employ$ on ! ,corom&el coa/  ( s\!rn    
,india4 ,! "w 0 done by m51 & plant &   
animal motives  7 l>gely us$ 9 !        
designs4 ,at t "t1 t portion ( !  isl&  
_h n yet be5 ,mohamm$aniz$1 z we see by 
! designs us$4    ,aft] ,mohamm$anism   
spread ov] ! isl&1 ! indu/ry develop$   
rapidly1 & _m new & orig9al patt]ns 7   
add$ to ^? =m]ly  us$4 ,! highe/        
developm5t 0 9 c5tral ,java1 :]e        
8,batik0  fl\ri%$ especially dur+ !     
sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies4  ,"h ! "w 

0 c>ri$ on by wom51 especially by ^? ( !
 leisure  class1 :o c\ld give ! "t & c>e
 necess>y to ! production  ( ! f9e/ "w4 
,"s designs 7 s elaborate & difficult t 
only ! nobility c\ld af=d !m & a few    
designs 7 res]v$  = ! use ( royalty4 ,9 
^! designs1 indigoes or br[ns are !     
pr$om9at+ colors4    ,! fir/ detail$    
acc\nt ( ,batik mak+ 0 by ,raffles 9    
#ahag4 ,at  t "t ! 8tjant+10 an in/rum5t
 :i* w be expla9$ lat]1  0 9 univ]sal   
use4 ,h[ long x _h be5 us$ & :5 x       
sup]s$$  ! bru%1 :i* 0 d\btless us$     
e>li]1 z x 0 9 ,india1 is n  kn[n4 ,ab\t
 #ahfj1 a new process 0 introduc$ by    
means ( :i* ! wax  0 transf]r$ to ! clo?
 by a metal /amp dipp$ 9 ! melt$ wax  & 
!n press$ on ! clo?4 ,?is /amp+ process 
is kn[n z 8tjap0  & is done by m51 :ile 
9 ,batik "w ! design+ & pa9t+ are       
always done by wom54 ,x is d\btless an  
adaptation ( ! color pr9t+  process (   
,india to ! wax process4 ,9 "s cases    
aft] /amp+1 !  opposite side is ,batik$1
 b ?is is n common4 ,^! tjap clo?s are1 

( c\rse1 mu* *eap] ?an true ,batiks4    
,! designs us$ 9 ,javanese ,batik "w %[ 
mu* v>iation 9 diff]5t  p>ts ( ! isl&1 &
 c]ta9 designs are *>act]i/ic ( p>ticul>
  regions4 ,! motives are ( v>i\s       
orig9s4 ,"s are old weav+  patt]ns1 or  
adapt$ f basket or plait$ designs4 ,"s  
are evid5tly  ( ,indian orig91 simil> to
 ^? on ! cotton pr9ts ( s\!rn  ,india4  
,x is int]e/+ to f9d ! same designs on  
"s ( ! old  ,buddhi/ic sculptures t are 
f\nd on c]ta9 ,batik pieces4 ,o!r       
designs are ( ,*9ese orig91 & rec5tly   
mod]n ,european designs are  be+ adopt$4
 ,mo/ ( ! designs1 h[ev]1 are ei!r      
modifications (  ! old ,indian plant &  
fl[] motives or geometric figures       
develop$ by  ! ,javanese !mselves4    ,!
 ,javanese wom5 employ ! 8,batik0       
process l>gely = ! decorations  (       
textiles us$ 9 _! p]sonal co/ume4 ,?is  
co/ume is simple1  consi/+ ( an oblong  
piece ( clo? ab\t ?ree to f\r & "o-half 
y>ds long by =ty-two in*es wide1 g5]ally
 call$ a 8s>ong40 ,x is  worn wrapp$    

ar\nd ! wai/ & tuck$ 9 ! belt4 ,?is     
co/ume is  worn by bo? m5 & wom54    ,a 
cotton sc>f1 g5]ally ab\t ?ree y>ds long
 by eighte5 in*es1  is also worn1 & is  
us$ by ! wom5 z a 8c>ry-all40 ,silk is  
occasionally us$ by ! nobility = sc>fs4 
,! turban is made ( a squ>e piece ( clo?
 twi/$ ar\nd ! head 9  a diff]5t fa%ion 
9 ea* di/rict4    ,ea* di/rict has its  
own *>act]i/ic color s*emes4 ,djokjak>ta
 &  ,surak>ta1 :i* are semi-indep5d5t   
pr9cipalities 9 ! int]ior1 d  ! f9e/ "w 
& use l>gely indigo & soga-br[n dyes1   
:i* give a  range ( color f cream ?r\gh 
! yell[ br[ns & blues to a v  d>k color1
 practically black1 made by dye+ /rong  
blue ov] a /rong  br[n4    ,9 c]ta9     
places on ! nor? coa/ ( ,java1 notably  
,pekalongan &  ,sam>ang1 mu* gay]       
colors1 su* z r$1 blue1 gre51 etc41 are 
us$1  & floral designs are common4      
,prices 9 ,java v>y f "o to twelve      
doll>s1 & ev5 z mu* z  tw5ty-five doll>s
 may be paid = a v f9e piece4 ,two to   
f\r  doll>s w buy an excell5t turban    

squ>e4    ,illu/ration3 ,motifs f       
,javanese ,batik 9 ! ,field ,museum (   
,natural  ,hi/ory    ,illu/ration3      
,designs f 8tjap0 /amps us$ 9 ,java =   
repeat+  units4 ,! ,field ,museum (     
,natural ,hi/ory1 ( ,*icago1 has a      
collection  ( ^!          ,,*apt] ,,ii  
,,! ,,me?od ,,9 ,,java      ,! "w (     
,batik mak+ is def9itely divid$1 9      
,java1 betwe5 ! m5  & ! wom54 ,! wom5 d 
! design+ & wax+1 :ile ! m5 d  ! dye+4  
,9 ,java1 9 ! e>li] days1 ,batik 0      
l>gely a home indu/ry1 b l  all su* x is
 be+ tak5 out ( ! home & transf]r$ to   
primitive  factories1 :]e ! work]s come 
toge!r to "w1 b cont9ue ! old  me?ods & 
te*nique4 ,ev5 9 t f>-(f l&1 ma*9e      
imitations (  ,batik are flood+ !       
c\ntry1 & x is difficult today to be    
sure  t a giv5 piece is a g5u9e example 
( ! h& process1 unless !  individual    
hi/ory ( ! piece is kn[n1 s9ce ! old    
designs are /ill  us$1 & ! native "w is 
imitat$ 9 ! pr9t$ clo?s ev5 to !        
crackle & irregul>ity ( ! designs4    ,9

 =m] times !y wove _! own clo?1 b n[ !  
clo? us$ is  l>gely musl9 wov5 9 ,engl& 
or ,japan4 ,sev]al qualities are us$ =  
diff]5t grades ( "w4 ,practically all   
,batik "w is done on musl91  ?\gh       
occasionally a silk sc>f may be color$ 9
 ?is way4 ,! clo? is  prep>$ be=e us+1  
fir/1 by ?or\gh wa%+ to remove all />*  
& fill+2 second1 by soak+ x 9 cocoanut  
oil1 & ?ird1 remov+  ! oil ) a%es4 ,?is 
removes ! dead-:ite look & gives !      
creamy color ) :i* we are famili> 9     
,batik pieces4 ,next1 ! clo?  is />*$ ) 
a rice />* made by boil+ rice 9 wat]    
until x  is a ?9 pa/e4 ,! clo? is !n    
dri$ & roll$ up4 ,9 a primitive  fa%ion1
 x is !n s(t5$ or iron$ by p\nd+ ) a    
wood5 pe/le  until x is smoo?4 ,! clo?  
is n[ ready4 ,! wax us$ is a mixture (  
ros91 animal fat & beeswax4 ,!          
proportion ( ea* has be5 work$ out  by  
long exp]i5ce4 ,a little iron pan or    
/one j> holds ! melt$ wax4  ,! tjant+1  
:i* is ! *>act]i/ic tool ( ,batik "w1 is
 us$ to  apply ! wax4 ,?is is a little  

oval cup made ( v ?9 copp] ) a  sl5d]   
curv$ sp\t project+ f ! base ( ! cup4 ,=
 a h&le1  a %ort piece ( re$ ) a s(t pi?
 is us$4 ,tjant+s v>y 9 !  size & numb] 
( sp\ts4 ,a tjant+ ) a f9e sl5d] sp\t is
 us$  = v n>r[ l9es & small dots4 ,!n   
comes a s]ies ( o!rs1 ea*  ) a little   
l>g] sp\t = ! purpose ( cov]+ m surface4
 ,"o  k9d is made ) two sp\ts & is us$  
to draw p>allel l9es4 ,o!rs  h f ?ree to
 six sp\ts to give ! little gr\ps ( dots
 :i* are  q an ess5tial "p ( "s designs4
 7,see page #ac47    ,! rema9d] ( !     
equipm5t consi/s ( a wad ( cotton ti$ to
 a  /ick1 a cocoanut-%ell spoon1 a copp]
 bas9 = boil+ out ! wax1  a light       
upright frame = hold+ ! clo? :ile x is  
be+ work$1 a  /raight$ge ( wood1 &      
assort$ bas9s & vats = dyes & dye+4  ,^!
 are ( copp]1 pott]y or wood4    ,aft]  
dye+1 ! color is set1 wax is boil$ out &
 sav$ to be us$  aga94 ,x is n[ wax$ a  
second "t = ! next color1 dy$ & wa%$4   
,?is process is repeat$ = ea* color     
desir$4    ,illu/ration3 ,m tjap /amps  

giv+ ,javanese ,batik designs1 f !      
,field ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1      
,*icago    ,! use ( ! tjant+ is ! ideal 
me?od ( mak+ long ev5 l9es &  = outl9+  
l>ge spaces4 ,up to ! pres5t x has be5  
difficult to  secure tjant+s 9 ,am]ica1 
b !y w und\bt$ly soon be available1     
s9ce ,batik has firmly e/abli%$ itself z
 a beautiful & practical  art-craft =   
,am]ican work]s4    ,illu/ration3 ,!    
design = ?is ,batik ,tray 0 done 9 wax &
 !  silk !n dipp$ 9 an all-ov] dye      
,illu/ration3 ,%[+ design = a ,batik    
,bag ) crackle    ,illu/ration3 ,detail 
draw+s ( units tak5 f ,batiks 9 !       
possession ( ,a4 ,b4 ,lewis             
,illu/ration3 ,! native ,javanese       
,tjant+s1 %[+ two sizes (  s+le sp\ts & 
"o ) d\ble sp\ts    ,illu/ration3 ,mod]n
 ,tjant+s1 made by ,r4 ,h4 ,e>l1 ,new   
,york ,city    ,illu/ration3 ,%[+ ! use 
( ! ,tjant+4 ,c\rtesy ( ,r4 ,h4 ,e>l1   
,new ,york ,city    ,illu/ration3 ,a    
detail ( a r>e ,javanese ,batik 9 !     
,am]ican ,museum  ( ,natural ,hi/ory1   

,new ,york    ,illu/ration3 ,detail ( a 
,javanese ,s>ong4 ,prop]ty ( ,a4 ,b4    
,lewis    ,"s means ( keep+ ! wax hot   
mu/ be produc$4 ,any?+ t w  hold ! wax  
at an ev5 temp]ature w d1 an electric   
/ove1 gas  burn]1 or alcohol burn]4 ,a  
b[l ( wax may be set 9 ! top ( a        
tea-kettle ( boil+ wat] & w rema9 hot   
en\gh to use = half  an h\r )\t reheat+ 
! wat]4 ,all dang] ( burn+ ! wax is     
elim9at$ by keep+ ! wax 9 a b[l set 9 a 
pan ( wat]4 ,if !  wat] is kept j bel[ !
 boil+ po9t1 t w give suffici5t  heat4  
,9 cov]+ a l>ge space1 x is sometimes   
bett] to beg9 wax+ 9 !  c5t] & work+    
outw>d t[>d ! edge4    ,:5 ! woman is   
ready to />t h] "w1 %e sket*es 9 ! ma9  
outl9es & m complicat$ p>ts ( ! design )
 *>coal2 !n %e  hangs ! clo? ov] !      
little upright frame & sits d[n on a    
little  mat be=e h] "w4 ,%e fills h]    
tjant+ ) hot wax by means ( !           
cocoanut-%ell spoon1 &1 hold+ ! clo? 9  
h] left h&1 draws !  design 9 ) ! tjant+
 by re/+ ! tjant+ lightly on ! clo?  or 

mov+ x g5tly ar\nd ! outl9e4 ,! small   
p>ts ( ! design are  g5]ally done )\t   
fir/ draw+ ! design 9 *>coal4 ,! cotton 
swab is us$ z a bru% to wax ! l>g]      
places4    ,! m we /udy ! designs ( !   
,javanese ! m we realize !  influ5ce (  
_! tools4 ,! dots on leaves & fl[]s1 !  
use ( !  light outl9e1 ! k9d ( l9e1 !   
beautiful l9e designs us$--all h  be5   
work$ out ) ?is *>act]i/ic tool & 9     
c]ta9 ways are  sugge/$ by x4    ,aft]  
"o side ( ! clo? is wax$1 a good piece w
 be turn$ ov]  & ! design v c>efully    
foll[$ on ! back4 ,9 do+ ?is !re  are   
g5]ally small diff]5ces 9 design betwe5 
! back & front1  :i* give "o a means (  
det]m9+ :e!r a piece is real ,batik or a
  pr9t4 ,aft] wax+ all p>ts ( ! design n
 to be dy$ ) ! fir/  color1 ! piece (   
goods is ready to be dy$4 ,?is "w is    
done by m54  ,! dye is1 ( c\rse1 us$    
cold1 & to r5d] x p]man5t ! clo?  mu/ be
 left 9 ! dye = sev]al days2 9 ! case ( 
indigo (t5  z long z two weeks4 ,:5     
remov$ f ! dye ! clo? is fir/ hung  out 

9 ! air until ! color is oxidiz$ or     
8fix$40 ,! wax is !n  remov$ by /eep+ 9 
hot wat] & is sav$ = use aga94          
,illu/ration3 ,a ,batik ,mural          
,decoration by ,fall    ,illu/ration3 ,a
 decorative ,wall ,hang+ ( mod]n ,batik 
,illu/ration3 ,a ,javanese ,batik       
,turban4 ,prop]ty ( ,a4 ,b4 ,lewis      
,illu/ration3 ,a corn] ( a ,javanese    
,batik ,turban4 ,prop]ty ( ,a4 ,b4      
,lewis          ,,*apt] ,,iii    ,,!    
,,possibilities ,,( ,,batik      ,at ?is
 "t ( indu/rial & arti/ic developm5t    
,batik dye+ comes to  (f] a new field = 
! ,arts & ,crafts work]4    ,today !    
woman ( leisure1 z well z ! arti/1 wi%es
 h]  individuality to be %[n 9 bo? !    
furni%+s ( h] home & 9 h]  own p]sonal  
belong+s4 ,batik "w helps to supply bo? 
^! ne$s4 ,9  ! fir/ wave ( en?usiasm ov]
 ?is "w1 x seem$ z ?\gh ! ne$  (        
beautiful =m z well z beautiful color 0 
lo/ sight (4 ,beautiful  color c h>dly  
be avoid$ ) good dyes4 ,! fasc9ation ( !
 color  & ! dye is su* t ! ne$ (        

beautiful %apes 0 some:at  =gott5 at    
fir/1 & !re 0 a t5d5cy to spla% on a    
design  )\t mu* reg>d to beauty ( %ape  
or ( l9e & to dep5d ^u !  color to make 
x attractive4    ,! wond]ful            
possibilities inh]5t 9 ! process 7 !    
only ?+s  t sav$ x 9 ?is /age f ! fate (
 /5cil+1 etc4 ,batik  w rank ) ! art    
processes t are always beautiful & 9 use
  if ! requirem5ts m5tion$ above are    
adh]$ to4 ,"o ( ! *ief  requirem5ts =   
success 9 ?is craft is a will+ness to   
take "t =  c>eful & exact "w4 ,a        
successful piece ( ,batik mu/ be        
c>efully  execut$ to be ( any p]man5t   
value4 ,good craftsman%ip is z ess5tial 
9 ?is z x is 9 mak+ a good piece (      
embroid]y or pa9t+4    ,! pres5t        
,am]ican me?od ( ,batik dye+ has v>i$   
some:at f !  old ,javanese4 ,x has      
become simpl] & m direct4 ,"t is ( v    
little value 9 ,java2 !re=e1 ! native   
arti/s work$ )\t reg>d  = ! "t sp5t4    
,specim5s ( ,batik "w 7 c>ri$ to ,holl& 
dur+ ! sev5te5?  c5tury by ! ,dut* ,ea/ 

,india ,company z "o ( ! int]e/+        
products ( ,java4 ,! "w 0 nei!r und]/ood
 nor appreciat$ at t  "t1 & ! lack (    
appreciation disc\rag$ any fur!r        
importation4  ,some:at lat] ! ,dut*     
arti/s1 ,*ris ,lebeau1 ,ea*et &         
,dysselh(1  appreciat+ ! beauties ( ?is 
craft1 /udi$ x !mselves4 ,by _!         
exquisite "w !y ar\s$ an int]e/ among   
arti/s4 ,f ,holl& !  craft spread to    
,france1 & to ! al]t arti/s ( ^!        
c\ntries we  owe ! increas$             
appreciation4 ,! "w done 9 ,europe has  
be5 appli$  to int]ior decorations r ?an
 to co/umes4 ,?is side has be5 left  to 
! ,am]ican design] & arti/4 ,! co/umes  
illu/rat$ 9 ?is  volume are beautiful   
examples ( co/ume design+ 9 its broade/ 
s5se4    ,bo? 9 ,europe & 9 ,am]ica     
consid]able exp]im5t+ has be5 done  )   
diff]5t k9ds ( tools4 ,v>i\s ,european  
modifications ( !  tjant+ h be5 tri$1 b 
none h be5 receiv$ ) mu* favor4  ,!y    
are1 z a rule1 heavy & awkw>d to use 9  
comp>ison ) !  ,javanese in/rum5t4 ,"s (

 ! lead+ work]s ( ,am]ica & ,holl&      
consid] ! ,javanese tjant+ ! mo/        
desirable means ( outl9+1  dott+1 etc4  
,illu/ration3 ,a ,dress ( velvet ,batik 
by ,e!l ,wallace    ,illu/ration3 ,a    
,batik ,silk ,sc>f1 design$ & execut$ by
 ,hel5 ,r4  ,re$1 ,van ,dyck ,/udios1   
,new ,york    ,illu/ration3 ,an int]e/+ 
,batik ,bl\se1 design$ by ,anna ,tyrell1
 ,art  ,dep>tm5t1 ,art ,in/itute (      
,*icago    ,illu/ration3 ,a simple1 b   
beautiful ,batik ,bl\se 9 two tones1 by 
,noank ,/udio1 ,new ,york               
,illu/ration3 ,two ,batik ,bl\ses1 by   
,flor5ce ,e4 ,s*ell1 ,lima1 ,ohio       
,illu/ration3 ,batik ,g>m5t %[+ int]e/+ 
treatm5t ( tjant+  & bru% comb9$1 by    
,hel5 ,r4 ,re$1 ,van ,dyck ,/udios1 ,new
 ,york    ,illu/ration3 8,an ,am]ican   
,batik10 by ,m>y ,tannahill1 %[n at !   
exhibition ( ,am]ican textiles &        
co/umes1 held at ! ,am]ican ,museum  (  
,natural ,hi/ory 9 ,new ,york4 8,!      
decoration on ?is graceful g[n is  9 !  
_s ( ,s\? ,sea ,isl& ,art40             

,illu/ration3 ,a ,batik ,robe1 by !     
,noank ,/udio1 ,new ,york               
,illu/ration3 ,"o end ( a ,javanese     
,s>ong4 ,prop]ty ( ,a4 ,b4 ,lewis    ,! 
bru% is 9 mu* m g5]al use ?an ! tjant+ &
 is pref]r$  by _m :o h exp]im5t$ ) bo?4
 ,a small r$ sable1 ,no4 #d1 is  good = 
outl9+4 ,if x seems to c>ry too mu* wax 
or does n po9t  well1 let ! wax h>d5 &  
trim (f ! project+ hairs4 ,a ,no4 #f to 
a  ,no4 #ab bru% w fill 9 flat surfaces 
rapidly4 ,) practice1 beautiful  l9e "w 
c be done ) a small bru%4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 x
 is safe  to wipe (f a little ( ! wax on
 ! side ( ! cup in/ead ( try+  to c>ry  
to ! clo? all ! wax ! bru% w hold4 ,x is
 s easy to  drop a bit ( wax f an       
ov]load$ bru% & s tr\blesome to get x   
(f t consid]able caution pays4 ,if a    
bru% ov]load$ ) hot wax  is set on !    
clo?1 ! wax w spread 9 a drop or blur at
 ! po9t  :]e ! bru% t\*es ! clo?1 :i* w 
make ! l9e irregul>4  ,( c\rse1 to h an 
ev5 fl[ ( wax f ! bru%1 ! temp]ature  ( 
! wax mu/ be kept ! same4 ,if ! work]   

dips fir/ into wax t  is hot & :i* s9ks 
into ! clo? easily & !n into wax t is  s
 cool t x /ays on top ( ! clo? & refuses
 to p5etrate !  fib]1 ! f9i%$ "w w be   
ragg$ & unev5 ab\t ! edges4    ,:ile    
apply+ ! wax ! clo? may be held up1 free
 f ! table1  ) ! left h&4 ,) small      
articles ?is is q easy4 ,a l>g]  piece c
 be manag$ 9 ! same way1 b ?is is n     
recomm5d$ z  ! v be/ way4 ,in/ead1 a    
wood5 frame1 adju/able 9 size at !      
corn]s & fac$ ) clo?1 to :i* ! mat]ial c
 be ei!r ba/$  or p9n$1 is advis$4 ,) a 
,batik frame su* z describ$ ! clo?  is  
held smoo?ly & firmly 9 place1 mak+ x   
easy to get good edges  & long smoo?    
l9es ) ei!r a tjant+ or bru%4 ,if no    
frame is  us$ great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$  
to avoid lett+ ! wax p5etrate !  clo? & 
t\* any?+ beh9d1 z x w /ick4 ,9 lift+ x 
away  ! wax cov]+ w be torn f ! back ( !
 ?reads4 ,if ?is is  n notic$ be=e dye+ 
! dye w h a *ance to p5etrate ^!  fib]s 
& s spoil ! cle>ness ( ! patt]n4    ,if1
 9 apply+1 ! wax spreads too f> ov] !   

patt]n1 x is probably  too hot4 ,to     
remove ! ov]fl[1 x w probably be        
necess>y to take  (f a l>g] space ?an is
 exactly ne$$4 ,?is w leave ragg$ edges1
  :i* w ne$ re-wax+4 ,if a drop is      
spill$ 9 ! wrong place :ile  c>ry+ !    
bru% or tjant+1 x mu/ be completely     
remov$ or !  f9i%$ product w be m>r$4   
,?is _c be ov]-emphasiz$1 z x  is       
usually incompletely done4 ,to remove ! 
wax f a spot or "p ( a  design1 lay !   
spot ov] an absorb5t pad ( "s k9d1 su* z
 a s(t  t[el fold$4 ,wet ! spot )       
gasol9e1 b5z9e or c>bona4 ,cont9ue      
wett+ & v light rubb+ until ! wax is    
completely dissolv$ &  is ei!r absorb$  
by ! clo? ) :i* y h be5 patt+1 or !  pad
 bel[4    ,illu/ration3 ,design ( a     
,javanese ,s>ong4 ,prop]ty ( ,fay ,coop]
  ,cole    ,d n pile on m wax 9 ?is     
case1 z "o may h a lump ( wax on  top & 
! clo? /ill n be protect$4 ,also ! lumps
 (t5 *ip  (f 9 dye+1 expos+ ! fib]4     
,take a knife or any edge & remove  !   
loose wax g5tly & re-wax4 ,wax t is too 

cool w n give a  smoo? edge to ! design4
 ,x is easy to tell by look+ at ! back (
  ! clo? :e!r ! wax has p5etrat$4 ,a ?9 
silk w all[ x to  p5etrate s easily t ! 
design w be j z cle> & di/9ct on  ! back
 z ! front4 ,heavy clo? w ne$ "s ret\*+ 
on ! back1  probably :]e bru% /rokes d n
 q meet4 ,sometimes a drop ( wax  w seem
 to p5etrate 9 ! middle b w be loose at 
! edges4 ,?is  means t ! wax is too     
cool4 ,a little practice w make ! "r    
temp]ature easy to e/imate4    ,"s      
work]s lay ! clo? on a glass slab to :i*
 ! wax w n  /ick4 ,?is cools x be=e x   
really p5etrates ! clo?4 ,sometimes x   
is desirable to foll[ ! outl9e ( !      
patt]n ) wax be=e fill+  9 ! solid p>ts4
 ,to d ?is1 hold ! bru% v]tically z 9   
draw+  any pa9t$ bru% l9e4 ,a ,no4 #a   
bru% is good = v f9e l9es4 ,9  cov]+ a  
l>ge space1 x is sometimes bett] to beg9
 wax+ 9 !  c5t] & "w outw>d t[>d ! edge4
    ,illu/ration3 ,examples ( ,batik1   
done by ! /ud5ts ( ! ,design  ,dep>tm5t1
 ,art ,in/itute ( ,*icago    ,"s means (

 keep+ ! wax hot mu/ be provid$4 ,x is q
 desirable  also to be able to regulate 
! heat1 s gas or alcohol1 ) suitable    
burn]s1 are really be/4 ,a b[l ( wax may
 be set 9 ! top ( a tea  kettle ( boil+ 
wat] & w hold a good temp]ature = half  
an  h\r )\t reheat+ ! wat]4 ,wax w smoke
 ov] a direct heat &  w1 ( c\rse1 burn4 
,! bri/les ( a bru% w also burn if left 
9  contact ) ! bottom ( ! pan ov] a     
direct fire4 ,all bo!r ( ?is  k9d is    
ov]come by hav+ ! wax 9 a b[l set 9 a   
pan ( hot wat]4  ,once "s small girls :o
 7 />t+ ?is "w all[$ ! wat] to  spla%   
into ! inn] b[l4 ,?is 0 aft]w>ds set ov]
 ! direct  flame4 ,!re 0 a gr& explosion
 & spatt]+ ( hot wax4    ,illu/ration3  
,c5t] panel ( a ,javanese ,s>ong4       
,prop]ty ( ,a4 ,b4  ,lewis    ,v>i\s wax
 mixtures h be5 us$ successfully4 ,a    
suitable wax mu/  n scale (f1 mu/ n get 
s h>d z to crack too freely1 & mu/ n  be
 affect$ by :atev] *emicals are f\nd 9 !
 dyes or are us$ z  mordants4 ,a beeswax
 & res9 mixture1 wax ) ma/ic1 p>aff9 )  

l>d1 p>aff9 & beeswax 9 v>y+ proportions
 h all be5 us$  successfully4 ,p>aff9   
alone is r brittle & produces too mu*   
8crackle0 9 cold wea!r4 ,beeswax alone  
is r too s(t to use 9  w>m wea!r & n    
brittle en\gh if any crackle is desir$4 
,!re=e1  mixtures ( ^! v>i\s sub/ances  
sugge/$ give a wax t w  crackle some:at 
b n too mu*4 ,= ! beg9n] x is safe to   
buy  "o ( ! prep>$ mixtures on ! m>ket &
 exp]im5t lat] )  ! v>i\s possible      
comb9ations sugge/$1 aft] becom+        
?or\ghly  famili> ) ! result want$4     
,! design mu/1 9 "s way1 be got on !    
clo?4 ,?is is a place :]e  c>eless "w   
may spoil a beautiful design4 ,! l9es on
 ! clo? mu/  be s c>efully & cle>ly made
 t ! bru% c foll[ !m )\t  ! slighte/    
hesitation4 ,all corrections %\ld be    
made be=e !  trac+ is consid]$ f9i%$ & !
 wax+ />t$4 ,if a mi/ake  is made ) !   
p5cil l9es1 8,c>bona0 or gasol9e w      
remove !  wrong m>ks4 ,a ,conte p5cil1  
,no4 #b1 trimm$ to a %>p po9t1 is v     
satisfactory1 especially if ! piece is  

to be dy$ sev]al times1 z !  m>ks w n   
bru% (f z *>coal or *alk l9es w4 ,= a   
simple  "o-process piece1 *>coal %>p5$  
c>efully w s]ve satisfactorily4    ,if !
 mat]ial to be us$ is ?91 :i* is        
desirable = fir/ pieces1  ! clo? c be   
p9n$ c>efully on top ( ! draw+ & trac$ z
  j expla9$4 ,if ! clo? is too heavy = !
 l9es ( ! draw+  to be se5 cle>ly1 !    
back ( ! design c be rubb$ ) *>coal1  ! 
design laid c>efully 9 place1 *>coal    
side d[n4 ,!n ) a %>p  h>d p5cil ! l9es 
( ! draw+ may be trac$ on ! "r side4    
,:5 ! pap] is remov$1 ! design w be on !
 clo? 9 *>coal  l9es4 ,if x is to be dy$
 9 sev]al colors lat] x w be bett]  to g
 ov] ! patt]n n[ ) ! ,conte ,no4 #b v   
c>efully1 z !  *>coal du/s (f easily4   
,use ! p5cil lightly b cle>ly ) ev5     
l9es4 ,! clo? mu/ be p9n$ or ?umb-tack$ 
s firmly t x does  n slide ov] ! design4
 ,x is a little h>d] to fa/5 exce$+ly   
?9 mat]ial l georgette or voile firmly  
en\gh to get a good  trac+1 s ab\t !    
weight ( m$ium *9a silk or ?9 crepe is !

  easie/ mat]ial to beg9 )4             
,illu/ration3 8,! ,%eep & ! ,goats40 ,a 
mod]n ,batik ,wall ,hang+1  by ,hel5 ,r4
 ,re$1 ! ,van ,dyck ,/udios1 ,new ,york 
,if a design is to be repeat$ sev]al    
times1 z w\ld be ne$$ = !  bord] ( a    
curta91 ! *>coal rubb+ may be ! mo/     
conv5i5t4  ,! design c be prick$ ) a p9 
& p[d]$ *>coal du/$ on !  smoo? upp]    
side ( ! patt]n4 ,! dang] 9 ?is is t too
 small  a numb] ( po9ts w be prick$ to  
give ! design cle>ly4 ,a bett]  means ( 
do+ ?is is to foll[ ! patt]n ) a sew+   
ma*9e aft]  remov+ ! ?read & press] foot
 s t ! pap] c be turn$  freely4    ,"s  
,batik work]s make _! design on ?9 pap] 
:i* is p9n$ to !  back ( ! clo? & !     
latt] plac$ on a frame set aga9/ a w9d[ 
at ab\t an angle ( #de degrees4 ,?is is 
some:at on ! pr9ciple ( !  photograph]s'
 ret\*+ frame4    ,illu/ration3 ,! end (
 a ,table ,cov] done 9 "o color ,batik1 
!  :ite design be+ done 9 wax1 & !      
entire piece !n dipp$    ,illu/ration3  
8,! ,sorc]ess40 ,a ,batik ,wall ,hang+1 

by ,ar?ur ,crisp  & ,pet] ,mij]         
,illu/ration3 ,detail ( a r>e ,javanese 
,batik 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum (  ,natural 
,hi/ory1 ,new ,york          ,,*apt]    
,,iv    ,,processes ,,( ,,batik ,,dye+  
,! intricacy ( ! design is ! det]m9+    
factor 9 ! numb] (  processes necess>y =
 any giv5 piece ( ,batik4 ,! m colors   
desir$1 ! m (t5 w ! fabric h to be      
imm]s$ 9 ! dye  ba?4 ,! simple/ & !re=e 
fir/ process = ! beg9n] is t  ( dye+ !  
mat]ial "o color ) ! patt]n left 9 !    
orig9al  color ( ! clo?4 ,= conv5i5ce1  
?is w be ref]r$ to z !  fir/ or elem5t>y
 process4    ,! bl\se %[n on page #bc 0 
made on silk4 ,! design 0 drawn out     
c>efully on pap] & !n trac$ on ! silk4  
,! design 0 !n  wax$ & dy$ 9 a bas9     
conta9+ ab\t two qu>ts ( wat]1 "o-half  
teaspoon ( #cf acetic acid & a teaspoon 
( imp]ial blue dye solution4  ,x 0 kept 
g5tly mov+ 9 ! dye = fifte5 m9utes1 r9s$
  ?or\ghly1 dri$ & press$ betwe5 clean  
old newspap]s or blott+  pap] & iron$   
dry4 ,! iron+ melts ! wax out4 ,if      

traces ( !  wax or p5cil m>ks /ill      
adh]e1 ! goods c be wa%$ 9 gasol9e or   
b5z9e4 ,:5 ! wax 0 remov$1 ! result 0 a 
piece ( two-tone  ,batik "w ( deep blue 
) a :ite design4 ,= mo/ ,batik "w1 light
  color$ fabrics are us$1 z designs c be
 successfully d>k5$1 b  _c be made      
light] on d>k goods4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 a   
delicate color  is bett] z a f\ndation  
?an :ite1 because ! :ite w (t5 be a     
little out ( h>mony ) ! colors4    ,!   
designs = ! two *>m+ sa%es on page #cg  
illu/rate additional  /eps 9 m elaborate
 designs4 ,! "r-h& sc>f 0 dy$ fir/ s  t 
! gr\nd 0 n :ite4 ,= su* a sa% "o-half  
teaspoon ( dye  solution 9 f\r qu>ts (  
wat]1 ) "o teaspoon ( #cf acetic acid1  
w\ld be us$ = ! backgr\nd1 ) p]haps a   
t5-m9ute imm]sion4  ,aft] x 0 dy$ x %\ld
 be r9s$ ?or\ghly 9 cool wat] to remove 
all excess acid & any loose color4 ,r9se
 until ! wat] is practically  cle>4     
,hang x up s t x w dry smoo?ly4 ,:5 dry1
 wax !  fl[]s1 ! connect+ l9es1 & !     
broad light b&s4 ,prep>e !  second dye4 

,an agreeable color s*eme is p9k = !    
lighte/1 made by  us+ sc>let dye 9 a    
weak solution1 a deep] p9k = ! second   
color1  & lav5d] = ! la/4 ,if ! color   
s*eme sugge/$ 7 to be us$1  ! same dye  
w\ld be us$ = ! deep] p9k & ! mat]ial   
imm]s$  a second "t ) ! addition ( ano!r
 teaspoon ( ! sc>let dye  solution to ! 
bas94 ,aft] ! second dye+1 all !        
sup]flu\s color  0 r9s$ out1 x 0 dri$1 &
 ! p>ts to rema9 ! deep p9k 7  wax$4 ,t 
left ! heavy b&s alone expos$ to ?is la/
 dye ba?4 ,=  ?is a gre5 solution 0 us$ 
:i* on ! p9k gives a beautiful grey     
lav5d]4    ,a color s*eme (1 fir/1      
orange dye2 second1 br[n dye1 & ?ird1   
navy  blue dye1 is attractive4 ,"s silks
 w ravel s z to make a good  fr+e2 9 t  
case a patt]n = ! fr+e w\ld be dy$ 9    
be=e  ravel+4 ,) a pur*as$ fr+e ! ti$ & 
dy$ me?od w give  *>m+ b&s4             
,illu/ration3 ,two sa%es done 9 ,batik  
by ! /ud5ts ( ! ,art  ,in/itute (       
,*icago    ,! int]e/+ sa% %[n on ! left 
( ! previ\s page is also a  ?ree-process

 piece 9 :i* great] contra/ has be5 kept
 betwe5 !  colors4    ,su* a place z !  
w+ & cr[n ( ! bird figur$ on ! velvet   
bag  %[n on page #cj c\ld well be pa9t$ 
9 ) a bru%4 ,a bl5d+ ( !  colors f\nd 9 
"s ( ! tropical birds--yell[1 orange &  
blue1 =  in/ance--w\ld be gorge\s4    ,!
 process ( clean+ & f9i%+ velvet is long
 & requires skill  to d x successfully4 
,! craft work] is advis$ to s5d a piece 
(  velvet ,batik to a pr(essional if    
possible1 r ?an risk spoil+ x  h]self4  
,an abbreviat$ outl9e ( ! process is z  
foll[s3 ,fir/1 remove all  wax+ ) b5z9e1
 us+ sev]al ba?s2 second1 raise ! nap ) 
dry /eam1 t is1 /eam c>ry+ z little wat]
 z possible4 ,avoid  t\*+ ! nap :ile    
/eam+ & d n crease or fold :ile damp4   
,aft] ! nap is rais$ by ! /eam1 bru% x  
g5tly 9 ! direction (  ! nap ) a bri/le 
clo!s bru%4    ,= m elaborate "w1 :]e a 
comb9ation ( colors is desir$ 9 !       
design1 ! pa9t+ process may be us$4 ,z 9
 ! previ\s cases1 !  mat]ial is /ret*$  
on ! ,batik frame & ! design outl9$ & !n

  wax$ 94 ,if a comb9ation ( colors is  
to be us$1 x is be/ to h  ! design 9    
colors on pap] z a guide4 ,x is v easy  
to become  confus$ z to colors to be us$
 on ! v>i\s sections ( ! patt]n1  &     
mi/akes 9 pa9t+ ) dyes are s]i\s1 z !   
color c only be  remov$ ) a solution (  
ammonia or wa%+ soda4    ,) ! color$    
design be=e "o1 ! dyes are mix$ & tri$  
on a  scrap ( ! mat]ial4    ,?is me?od (
 apply+ color ) a bru% is desirable only
 = small  spots or surfaces4 ,x is n    
possible to cov] l>ge surfaces ev5ly  ) 
a bru%1 z ! color w be /rong] 9 ! spot  
fir/ t\*$  by ! bru%4 ,9 dye+ "o color  
ov] ano!r ! result is a modifi$  color  
:i* seldom h>monizes ) spots ( color t  
are pa9t$ 94 ,9  addition1 ! color is n 
z fa/ :5 appli$ 9 ?is way1 z x does  n h
 ! *ance to p5etrate ! fib] ( ! clo? z 9
 dye+4    ,?is use ( ! bru% is a        
conv5i5t me?od ( ins]t+ small spots  ( a
 contra/+ color t w\ld o!rwise require a
 re-wax+ ( !  :ole piece ( goods1 b is n
 recomm5d$ z a sub/itute = dipp+        

process4    ,illu/ration3 ,! c5t] panel 
( a ,javanese ,batik    ,illu/ration3 ,a
 ,table ,runn]1 by ,g]trude ,d&ilik51   
,design  ,dep>tm5t1 ,art ,in/itute (    
,*icago    ,illu/ration3 ,a design motif
 f a ,javanese ,s>ong4 ,c\rtesy (       
,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1    
,new ,york    ,illu/ration3 ,a gr\p (   
,batik articles1 done by ! /ud5ts 9 !   
,w9netka1 ,ill41 ,high ,s*ool           
,illu/ration3 ,a mod]n ,batik ,hang+    
,,*apt] ,v    ,,crackle ,,9 ,,batik     
,z ! work] 9 ,batik dyes 8 mat]ial1 he  
f9ds t ! wax on  ! clo? w crack z x is  
h&l$4 ,! dye w !n p5etrate  ^! cracks 9 
f9e l9es4 ,! ,javanese work] consid]s ^!
 l9es  undesirable & h&les 8 goods ) !  
greate/ c>e to avoid  produc+ !m4 ,he   
_c1 h[ev]1 avoid !m entirely ev5 ) !    
greate/ c>e4 ,he desires cle> ev5 edges 
no matt] h[ f9e &  complicat$ ! patt]n4 
,by look+ closely at ! v f9e/ specim5s1 
^! f9e cracks w always be f\nd me&]+    
?r\gh ! patt]n4 ,to  ! ,european ?is is 
"p ( ! *>m ( ,batik4    ,z ! craft      

work]s ( ?is c\ntry began exp]im5t+ )   
,batik "w1  !y discov]$ ! moss-l patt]n 
produc$ by ?is crackl+ ( !  wax4 ,?is   
gave a quick easy me?od ( mak+ an       
all-ov] patt]n & 0  imm$iately seiz$ ^u4
 ,at ! pres5t "t1 x is us$ to produce   
quick  patt]n effects1 or to s(t5 !     
effect1 by putt+ a f9e 8crackle0 (  "s  
h>moniz+ color ov] ! :ole patt]n4    ,= 
in/ance1 fl[]s h be5 left :ite1 !       
backgr\nd blue1 &  leaves gre54 ,! fl[]s
 seem too :ite & /& out too /rongly4    
,cru% ! wax ov] ! fl[] to produce f9e   
l9es ( crackle 9 ! wax  & dye 9 ! blue (
 ! backgr\nd aga94 ,?is br+s ! :ite into
  h>mony ) ! colors4 ,l _m o!r processes
 x c be ov]done  v easily4    ,to make a
 crackle piece1 /ret* ! mat]ial on a    
frame tightly4 ,take a  broad bri/le    
bru%1 ,no4 #c or #d1 & cov] all !       
surface to be crackl$  ev5ly ) wax4     
,hang ! clo? on a wax$ l9e to h>d5 &    
also to  all[ any sup]flu\s wax to drip 
(f4 ,aft] ! wax has /iff5$1 !  next /ep 
dep5ds ^u ! wea!r4 ,:5 x is s w>m t !   

wax w  n become brittle 9 ! air1 x may  
be put 9 ! refrig]ator1 or x  may be    
laid 9 cold wat] to *ill4 ,9 "s way !   
wax mu/ be cool$  until x w crack :5    
cru%$ 9 ! h&s4 ,if a f9e all ov] patt]n 
( crackle is want$1 crumple 9 ! h&s 9   
su* a way z to crack  ! wax ?or\ghly 9 e
 direction 9 f9e l9es4 ,if a heavy      
crackle  is want$1 wax & *ill z be=e1 !n
 twi/ or wr+ ! mat]ial 9  su* a way z to
 give deep]1 heavi] cracks4 ,a little   
practice w  make ^! sugge/ions cle>4 ,x 
w sometimes be desirable to crackle     
c]ta9 p>ts or spots 9 a design 9 bo? (  
^! ways4 ,aft] crackl+  ! wax1 dye z 9  
any ,batik piece4 ,/ir con/antly to dye 
ev5ly 9  e small crack4 ,r9se v ?or\ghly
 to remove all extra dye f !  cracks4   
,?is process may be repeat$ ) ano!r     
color1 s t ! two sets  ( crackle l9es   
int]m+le4 ,?is adapts itself well to    
bord]s ( any  k9d1 bl\ses1 table sc>fs1 
& if pati5ce all[s1 to all-ov] patt]ns  
= bags1 pill[ tops1 etc4    ,! play (   
color t c be secur$ ) ^! crackle patt]ns

 is  *>m+1 & has be5 us$ ext5sively z a 
"p ( ! design4    ,illu/ration3 ,a mod]n
 ,batik ,wall ,hang+1 by ,pet] ,mij] &  
,jean ,paul  ,sluss]    ,9 ! decorative 
panel by ,jean ,p4 ,sluss] on page #de !
 figures h  be5 treat$ ) a r light      
crackle & ! backgr\nd betwe5 !  tree    
trunks ) a mu* heavi] crackle4 ,9 !     
memorial panel on page  #dh !           
semi-circul> fram+ b& & ! gr\nd bel[ !  
figure h  be5 crackl$ c>efully4 ,bo? (  
^! uses ( crackle sugge/$ are  sugge/ive
 ( desirable possibilities ( ! crackle  
=ms4 ,a simil> use  ( crackle to add    
v>iety to special pla9 surfaces is      
illu/rat$ 9 !  fram+ panel ( ! drap]y on
 page #dc4    ,illu/ration              
,illu/ration3 ,two ,javanese ,batiks    
,c\rtesy ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new
 ,york4    ,illu/ration3 ,a ,javanese   
,batik design f ! ,metropolitan ,museum1
 ,new  ,york    ,illu/ration3 ,a ,batik 
,memorial ,hang+1 by ,jean ,paul ,sluss]
    ,illu/ration3 ,an unusual piece (   
,sam>ang ,batik 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum  ( 

,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york            
,,*apt] ,,vi    ,,color ,,& ,,h[ ,,to   
,,use ,,x      ,= ^? :o h n _h an       
opportunity ( /udy+ color1 !  foll[+    
explanation ( ! !ory ( mix+ colors may n
 be amiss4    ,yell[1 r$1 & blue are    
call$ ! /&>d or prim>y colors4 ,f  ^! we
 make ! ?ree b9>y or second>y colors1   
orange1 gre51 &  violet4    ,orange is  
produc$ by mix+ r$ & yell[4    ,gre5 is 
produc$ by mix+ blue & yell[4    ,violet
 is produc$ by mix+ r$ & blue4    ,^!   
prim>y & b9>y colors are ?\ght ( z ?\gh 
!y 7  arrang$ 9 a circle4    ,divide !  
circumf]5ce ( a circle 9 six equal p>ts4
 ,draw ?ree  diamet]s ?r\gh ! po9ts     
f\nd4 ,beg9 at ! top ) yell[4  ,"o-six? 
( ! di/ance to ! left1 we place orange1 
at ! next  diamet]'s end place r$4 ,at !
 bottom ( ! circle opposite yell[  is   
violet4 ,pass+ upw>d t[>d ! "r blue is  
opposite orange1 &  cont9u+ upw>d1 gre5 
is opposite r$4 ,! colors at opposite   
ends (  ! ?ree diamet]s are call$       
complem5ts4    ,yell[ is ! complem5t (  

violet & violet ( yell[4    ,orange is !
 complem5t ( blue & blue ( orange4      
,r$ is ! complem5t ( gre5 & gre5 ( r$4  
,! outside ( ! circle 9 ! cut repres5ts 
! full /r5g? (  ! pure color4 ,!        
addition ( diff]5t am\nts ( :ite & black
  is indicat$ by ! inn] circles1 ! c5t] 
/&+ = pure :ite  or pure black4 ,!      
circle may be subdivid$ to sugge/ _m    
gradations  f ! full color ?r\gh ! t9ts 
to :ite & by ! addition (  black ?r\gh !
 %ades to black4 ,?is sy/em ( gradation 
is a help  9 det]m9+ ! contra/ ( t9ts1 b
 is m useful 9 help+ to  det]m9e relat$ 
h>monies up & d[n ! scale f black to !  
pure  color & !n ?r\gh ! t9ts to :ite4  
,r$1 ) "o "p ( :ite add$1 w\ld be       
indicat$ by ! second  circle4 ,its      
complem5t w\ld be ! gre5 f\nd on !      
second circle1  :i* has an equal am\nt (
 :ite mix$ ) x1 produc+ a t9t4 ,!  same 
arrangem5t holds true ) reg>d to black4 
,ea* circle repres5ts  also "o portion (
 black add$ to ! /&>d color1 produc+ a  
%ade4 ,!re is an almo/ indef9ite numb] (

 ^! t9ts & %ades1  dep5d+ ^u _! location
 )9 ! color circle4    ,x is f\nd t     
equal p>ts ( ! prim>y colors r$1 yell[1 
& blue  make neutral grey4 ,any b9>y    
color plus a prim>y color makes grey4 ,=
  in/ance1 a b9>y gre51 :i* is made ( ! 
two prim>ies yell[ &  blue1 add$ to a   
prim>y r$ produces grey4    ,9 ! same   
way1 a b9>y orange1 :i* is a comb9ation 
( prim>y r$  & yell[1 add$ to blue makes
 grey4    ,illu/ration3 ,,color ,,circle
    ,= explanation ( ?is 8,color        
,circle0 see page #ej    ,a b9>y violet1
 :i* is prim>y r$ & blue1 add$ to yell[ 
makes  grey4    ,colors may be s(t5$ or 
grey$ by add+ a little black or br[n dye
  or by add+ ! complem5t>y color4 ,a    
bright gre51 = in/ance1 is  s(t5$ ei!r  
by add+ a little black or br[n or !     
complem5t (  gre51 :i* is r$4    ,dyes  
are mix$ 9 mu* ! same mann] z pa9ts & x 
is necess>y to  "k ! action ( "o color  
^u ano!r4 ,especially mu/ "o "k h[  grey
 is produc$ s z n to produce ?is effect 
:5 su* a result is  undesirable & yet   

avoid too vivid comb9ations4 ,9 mix+    
dyes bo?  br[n & black are valuable to  
tone d[n ! cle> colors4 ,!re ne$ be  no 
fe> ( produc+ a muddy color by add+     
black or br[n dye to !  colors1 z is    
produc$ by add+ black pa9t1 because !   
black dye is  made up ( p>ticles ( o!r  
colors4    ,valuable help 9 reproduc+   
color comb9ations is f\nd 9 keep+ a     
record ( ! am\nts & colors us$1 ! weight
 or size ( mat]ial  dy$1 & ! l5g? ( "t !
 goods is 9 ! dye ba?4    ,if comm]cial 
dyes are us$1 foll[ ! directions giv5   
exactly z on  ! package4    8,top dye+0 
means to dye ov] ano!r color4    ,!     
mat]ial may be a light blue4 ,ov] ?is or
 on top ( ?is1 a gre5 is  dy$1 giv+ a   
blue gre5 result4    ,9 dye+ "o color   
ov] ano!r ! result naturally dep5ds ^u !
  /r5g? ( ! fir/ z well z ^u t ( !      
succe$+ dyes4 ,z  yell[ is ne>e/ :ite 9 
value1 x is wise to dye yell[ fir/ if   
o!r  colors are to be add$4 ,if ! yell[ 
is weak ! o!r dyes w be v  little       
affect$ by x z !y are mu* /rong]4 ,if a 

/rong yell[ has  be5 us$ fir/1 ! foll[+ 
modifications may be expect$3           
,,color ,,table ,,= ,,top ,,dye+        
,orange ov] yell[ w give orange yell[4  
,r$ ov] yell[ w give r$ orange4         
,blue ov] yell[ w give gre54      ,gre5 
ov] yell[ w give yell[ gre54            
,violet or mag5ta ov] yell[ w give grey4
      ,br[n ov] yell[ w give yell[ br[n4
      ,black ov] yell[ w give grey4     
,if a blue dye is to be us$ fir/1 !     
foll[+ sugge/ions may help4  ,accord+ly 
z ! blue us$ is /rong or weak1 x w appe>
 9 !  result+ comb9ation /rongly or     
weakly4 ,! top dye us$ ov] x w  equally 
( c\rse c\nt 9 ! result+ comb9ation     
accord+ z x is  /rong or weak4 ,hav+ ^! 
two po9ts 9 m9d we c say3        ,r$ ov]
 blue w give purple4      ,violet ov]   
blue w give blue violet4      ,gre5 ov] 
blue w give blue gre54      ,yell[ ov]  
blue w give gre54      ,br[n ov] blue w 
give d>k br[n4      ,black ov] blue w   
give blue black4    ,illu/ration3       
8,spr+40 ,a ,batik ,wall ,hang+1 by ,c4 

,b]tram ,h>tman &  ,pet] ,mij]    ,) r$ 
z ! basic color1 & ) ! /r5g? ( color 9  
m9d z  sugge/$ be=e1 we f9d t           
,orange ov] r$ w give orange r$4        
,yell[ ov] r$ w give orange4      ,gre5 
ov] r$ w give d>k grey1 gre5 or r$4     
,blue ov] r$ w give violet4      ,violet
 ov] r$ w give r$ violet4      ,br[n ov]
 r$ w give r$ br[n4      ,black ov] r$ w
 give grey r$4    ,! foll[+ mixtures (  
dyes are valuable3        ,yell[1 orange
 & blue ) yell[ pr$om9at+ make gold4    
,orange & gre5 ) orange pr$om9at+ give  
russet %ades4      ,orange1 gre5 & r$   
give orange br[n4      ,orange1 blue &  
mag5ta give bronze4    ,9 /udy+ out !   
color s*eme ( any piece x is desirable  
to ref] to  ! ,color ,*>t = contra/s1   
relat$ colors & comb9ations t are  n    
famili>4    ,if a p]fect balance (      
contra/ ( any t9t ( a color is desir$1  
! contra/+ t9t mu/ %[ ! same proportion 
( :ite 9 its  make-up2 b ! contra/ may  
be made m decid$ by *oos+ a light]      
contra/+ t9t4    ,yell[ has ! t5d5cy to 

come ne>] ! obs]v] & x adds w>m?  &     
brilliancy to all its comb9ations ) o!r 
colors4 ,r$ is less  brilliant ?an      
yell[1 b x is ! mo/ int5se & positive ( 
all  ! colors4 ,blue is ! retreat+ cold 
color4 ,x %[s its quality be/  by       
daylight4 ,blue & :ite are ! /ronge/    
color contra/s except+  black & :ite4   
,gre51 compos$ ( ! prim>ies yell[ &     
blue1 is capable ( great  v>iation f    
cool to w>m accord+ to ! am\nt ( ei!r   
blue or  yell[ ent]+ into x4 ,its       
contra/ is r$4    ,orange is ! mo/      
brilliant ( ! second>y colors4 ,x is mo/
 useful  :5 ton$ d[n to old gold &      
russet4    ,violet is ! d>ke/ ( !       
second>y colors4 ,z x conta9s mu* blue  
x has a t5d5cy to fade into a neutral   
br[ni% color by artificial  light4    ,!
 t]ti>y colors russet1 olive1 & citr9e  
are mo/ valuable4    ,russet is made up 
( orange & violet1 :i* aga9 are compos$ 
(  yell[1 blue1 & r$4 ,r$ be+ 9 bo? ( ^!
 colors1 russet  evid5tly belongs to !  
r$ gr\p ( colors1 & conta9s a small]    

proportion ( bo? yell[ & blue4 ,!       
contra/ to russet is f deep  gre5 to    
blue grey = a v orange %ade4    ,olive  
is dom9antly a blue color z x is made f 
gre5 & violet1  bo? ( :i* conta9 blue4  
,! contra/ ( olive is deep orange4      
,illu/ration3 ,a ,sc>f ti$ 9 b&s across 
! ends4 ,design$ by ,hel5  ,r4 ,re$     
,illu/ration3 ,a ,sc>f1 %[+ a comb9ation
 ( ti$ squ>es1 circles  & /ripes4       
,design$ by ,hel5 ,r4 ,re$    ,citr9e is
 a comb9ation ( orange & gre51 & !re=e  
is made up (  ! prim>ies1 two p>ts      
yell[1 "o r$1 & "o blue4 ,yell[ is 9 !  
l>ge/ am\nts1 r$ next1 & blue lea/4     
,^! ?ree colors are exce$+ly valuable to
 ! decorator z ea* "o  has an enorm\s   
range ( t9ts & %ades & ! :ole gr\p is v 
pleas+ to ! eye4 ,!re are a few o!r     
colors t are s g5]ally  us$ t !y des]ve 
special note4    ,fir/1 br[n1           
!oretically produc$ by a mixture (      
citr9e & olive or  r$1 blue & yell[4    
,practically sev]al %ades require !     
addition (  black dye to produce br[n4  

,a blui% or purpli% color accord+ to its
  %ade is its contra/4    ,m>oon is a r$
 & br[n ^: contra/ is %ades ( gre54     
,t9ts & %ades ( any full color also give
 h>moni\s comb9ations4  ,! ne>] ! %ade  
approa*es black & ! t9t approa*es :ite1 
!  great] ! contra/4 ,! m closely relat$
 ! two are ! less !  contra/4    ,9     
consid]+ color comb9ations we also h !  
relat$ or analog\s  gr\p1 f :i* to *oose
 our color s*emes4 ,^! are 9 e way  m   
easily h&l$ 9 dye+ "w & are ( great] use
 especially to  ! beg9n]4    ,a t9t is  
secur$ 9 dye+ by r$uc+ ) wat] ! full    
/r5g? (  ! dye & also %ort5+ ! "t (     
imm]sion4    ,a %ade is secur$ by add+  
black4 ,betwe5 ! full /r5g? ( ! dye  &  
:ite1 h[ev]1 lies ! range ( t9ts mo/    
easily us$4 ,ref] to  ! ,color ,*>t = ! 
complem5ts ( ! t9ts & %ades4 ,^! v>y  9 
! case ( crimson1 = in/ance1 f deep     
crimson ?r\gh rose  to ! pale/ p9k t9ts4
 ,ea* decid$ color /ep 9 ?is scale gives
  relat$ t9ts t may safely be comb9$4   
,if !y are n f> remov$  f ea* o!r 9     

int5sity1 !y give v little contra/1 b   
may be  at ! same "t a v pleas+         
comb9ation4 ,consid]able contra/ may  be
 secur$ by us+ t9ts t are consid]ably   
remov$ f ea* o!r  9 ! color scale4      
,/ill ano!r gr\p ( color h>monies mu/ be
 consid]$4 ,?is is !  h>mony ( relat$   
colors4 ,by ?is is meant ! h>mony ( all 
colors (  :i* blue1 = example1 =ms a "p4
 ,?is gr\p runs all ! way f  ! purpli%  
blues =m$ by add+ r$ ?r\gh all ! diff]5t
 blues  to blue gre5s made by add+      
yell[4    ,?is gr\p+ is especially      
useful 9 dye+1 z we c dye 9 "o su*  gr\p
 v effectively1 />t+ ) ! yell[ f\nd 9 ! 
blue gre5  & work+ t[>d ! r$ f\nd 9 !   
violet blues4    ,= dye+ purposes we c  
really make j two color gr\ps--! blue  j
 giv5 & ! r$4 ,! r$ gr\p />ts ) ! r$    
violets1 :i*  conta91 ( c\rse1 r$ &     
blue1 & goes ?r\gh ! r$ gr\p into !     
orange1 :i* is r$ & yell[4              
,illu/ration3 ,a c5t] panel ( a         
,javanese ,batik      ,,pleas+ ,,color  
,,comb9ations    ,! foll[+ table (      

h>moniz+ colors is ins]t$ z a guide =   
^? :o d n h a sci5tific k ( ,color & its
 _m  h>monies3        ,black h>monizes )
 crimson1 lemon1 yell[4      ,black     
h>monizes ) sc>let1 blue1 gre54         
,black h>monizes ) citr9e4      ,black  
h>monizes ) olive4      ,black h>monizes
 ) salmon4      ,black h>monizes )      
primrose4      ,black h>monizes ) corn  
color4      ,black h>monizes ) orange4  
,black h>monizes ) gold4      ,black    
h>monizes ) :ite4      ,:ite h>monizes )
 c]ise4      ,:ite h>monizes ) sc>let4  
,:ite h>monizes ) orange4      ,violet  
h>monizes ) sc>let1 blue1 orange4       
,violet h>monizes ) sc>let1 gold4       
,violet h>monizes ) corn color4         
,violet h>monizes ) gold4      ,violet  
h>monizes ) citr9es4      ,violet       
h>monizes ) yell[4      ,orange         
h>monizes ) violet4      ,orange        
h>monizes ) blue1 sc>let1 gre54         
,orange h>monizes ) purple1 sc>let4     
,orange h>monizes ) crimson1 blue4      
,orange h>monizes ) br[n4      ,orange  

h>monizes ) violet4      ,orange        
h>monizes ) blue4      ,d>k ,gre5       
h>monizes ) crimson1 blue1 gold4        
,d>k ,gre5 h>monizes ) gold4      ,blue 
,gre5 h>monizes ) orange4      ,gre5    
h>monizes ) russet4      ,gre5 h>monizes
 ) sc>let4      ,gre5 h>monizes ) r$4   
,yell[ h>monizes ) violet1 sc>let1 blue4
      ,yell[ h>monizes ) br[n4          
,yell[ h>monizes ) deep crimson4        
,yell[ h>monizes ) blue4      ,yell[    
h>monizes ) violet4      ,crimson       
h>monizes ) black4      ,crimson        
h>monizes ) violet4      ,crimson       
h>monizes ) corn color4      ,crimson   
h>monizes ) orange4      ,crimson       
h>monizes ) gold4      ,crimson         
h>monizes ) yell[1 gre54      ,sc>let   
h>monizes ) blue1 grey4      ,sc>let    
h>monizes ) violet4      ,sc>let        
h>monizes ) blue4      ,sc>let h>monizes
 ) blue1 gre54      ,r$ h>monizes )     
:ite4      ,r$ h>monizes ) grey4        
,r$ h>monizes ) blue4      ,r$ h>monizes
 ) gold4      ,r$ h>monizes ) gre54     

,blue h>monizes ) br[n1 crimson1 gold4  
,blue h>monizes ) orange1 gre54         
,blue h>monizes ) orange1 black4        
,blue h>monizes ) black4      ,blue     
h>monizes ) :ite4      ,blue h>monizes )
 *ocolate br[n4      ,blue h>monizes )  
neutral grey4      ,blue h>monizes )    
salmon4      ,blue h>monizes ) /raw4    
,blue h>monizes ) corn color4      ,blue
 h>monizes ) gold4      ,blue h>monizes 
) orange4    ,illu/ration3 8,!          
,madonna40 ,a ,batik ,wall ,hang+1 by   
,hel5 ,r4 ,re$1  ,van ,dyck ,/udios1    
,new ,york          ,,*apt] ,,vii       
8,,ti$ ,,& ,,dy$0 ,,"w      ,ano!r      
new-old process t has be5 reviv$ rec5tly
 is 8,tie-,dye+40  ,its arti/ic         
possibilities are z yet h>dly realiz$ 9 
?is c\ntry4  ,?is is p>tly due to !     
difficulty t has be5 exp]i5c$ 9 dye+  ) 
a cold process & at ! same "t secur+ a  
/rong fa/ color4  ,?is difficulty has n[
 be5 met4 ,! new 8,bateeko ,dyes0 prep>$
 =  ,batik "w c be us$ on wool & silk 9 
cold or tepid wat]4 ,! dyes  w wa% s t  

p]man5t effects c n[ be secur$4 ,if !   
ty+ is  firmly done1 ! goods c be dy$ by
 boil+1 s t ord9>y dyes1  t require     
boil+ to set !m1 c be also us$          
successfully4    ,?is ,ti$ & ,dy$ "w is 
f\nd among _m primitive conditions &    
peoples4 ,9 old colonial days our       
gr&mo!rs made _! %ad$ wool by  ?is      
me?od4 ,!y wrapp$ _! ske9s ( wool5 ?read
 ) corn husks  & w\nd ^! ar\nd tightly )
 cord to give ! necess>y pressure4  ,!  
portions cov]$ ) ! husks reta9$ !       
orig9al color ( !  wool1 :ile ^? expos$ 
became ! color ( ! dye ba? into :i*  !y 
7 dipp$4 ,leg5d says t ! anci5t ,greeks 
ti$ ! bord]s (  _! robes to produce wav+
 l9es4    ,two ma9 v>iations 9 me?od (  
,tie-,dye+ are3 ,fir/1 ! patt]n is      
develop$ by ty+ ! ?reads ( w>p or wo( or
 bo? be=e weav+4    ,second1 p>ts ( !   
goods are ti$ be=e dye+ 9 su* a way z to
  protect spots ( ! clo? f ! action ( ! 
dyes4    ,! fir/ me?od is f\nd 9 anci5t 
,p]uvian "w1 9 c5tral ,india1 &  9 p>ts 
( ! ,philipp9es4 ,x is a complicat$     

process & requires a  high degree (     
skill on ! "p ( ! weav]4    ,! second   
me?od 0 us$ to a l>ge ext5t 9 c5tral    
,india1 & a few  examples are also kn[n 
f ,p]u4 ,sir ,george ,watt1 9 8 8,indian
 ,art (  ,delhi10 gives su* a cle>      
description ( ,indian ,tie-,dye+1       
,knot-,dye+1  or ,b&ana "w t x is wor?  
quot+3    8,! once fam\s ,b&ana         
h&k]*iefs may be giv5 z ! be/ kn[n      
example ( ,tie-,dye+4 ,! process is     
simple1 b s labori\s t x  c\ld only h   
be5 inv5t$ or practic$ 9 a c\ntry :]e   
food 0  *eap & consequ5tly human labor  
valu$ at an abnormally l[ figure4       
,tie-,dye+ may be describ$ briefly z    
foll[s3 ,! fabric is fold$  sev]al times
 into half until r$uc$ to a squ>e or    
rectangul> piece  p]haps n m ?an "o foot
 by a foot & a half 9 l5g? & two  or    
?ree folds 9 ?ickness4 ,x is !n damp5$ &
 press$ ov] a  block :i* consi/s ( a    
piece ( wood ) a mass ( nails or p9s    
fa/5$ all ov] x 9 elaboration ( "s      
design4 ,x is !n tak5 (f  ! block & giv5

 to a girl 7! ,b&hani7 :o purposely     
all[s h]  ?umb & =ef+] nails to gr[ long
 ) a view to _! becom+  an indisp5sable 
pair ( p9c]s1 by means ( :i* m9ute      
p>ticles (  ! clo? may be laid hold (   
readily4 ,! rais$ up portions indicat$  
by ! block are seiz$ & deftly ti$ by a  
/r+ t may or may n  h be5 coat$ ) a     
resi/ pa/e4 ,great skill is ne$$ n only 
to  securely grasp all ! lay]s ( clo? at
 once1 b to s seize ea*  portion t x may
 cr9kle 9 a p>ticul> mann] :ile be+     
securely  w\nd ar\nd & ti$4 ,moreov]1 ! 
?read is n cut into sep>ate  pieces at  
ea* ti$ po9t4 ,x is c>ri$ f ! "o to !   
o!r & is  m]ely held 9 position by !    
turn ^u itself t is giv5 j be=e  be+    
c>ri$ to ! next po9t4 ,9 consequ5ce1 :5 
! op]ation (  dye+ has be5 complet$1 !  
?read may be readily unw\nd & us$  aga9 
& aga94    ,illu/ration3 ,an example (  
,japanese ti$ & dy$ "w    ,illu/ration3 
,a ti$ & dy$ ,jacket    8,! ,b&hani hav+
 f9i%$ h] task1 ! fabric is giv5 to !   
dy]1 :o beg9s by imm]s+ ! fold$ up &    

compactly ti$ clo?  9 ! lighte/ %ade t x
 is int5d$ to be giv51 say yell[4  ,:5  
f9i%$1 x is h&$ to ! ,b&hani1 :o n[     
impresses x ^u  a second patt]n block1 &
 proce$s to tie a /ill fur!r s]ies (    
rais$ up po9ts4 ,x is aga9 dy$ ! next   
%ade1 say r$1 & if !  patt]n & s*eme (  
color desir$ be ?us complet$1 ! ?reads  
are  unw\nd & ! fabric op5$ out1 :5 x w 
be f\nd to h a r$  field ) a patt]n 9   
:ite & yell[ po9ts1 repeat$ sev]al times
  all ov] x4    8,in/ead ( /opp+ ) a r$1
 a ?ird s]ies ( po9ts may be ti$1  & !  
fabric dy$ black1 :5 ! patt]n w appe> 9 
po9ts (  :ite1 yell[ & r$ on a black 7or
 black br[n7 field4 ,b %\ld a  /ill m   
elaborate design be contemplat$1 ! ty+ &
 dye+ may be  repeat$ indef9itely4 ,=   
example1 ! fir/ po9ts ti$ may h be5  v  
l>ge & ! clo? s fold$ t :5 !y are op5$  
out !y  =m p]fectly circul> :ite spots1 
squ>es1 or />-%ap$ pat*es  ^u ! fir/    
gr\nd color4 ,^! may n[ be dealt )      
sep>ately &  be ti$ & reti$ until !     
circles1 ! squ>es1 or ! />s become      

v>iegat$ by conc5tric b&s ( color1 or a 
f9al special spot may be  giv5 9 ! c5t] 
( ea* by uncov]+ ! tips s z to all[ ^!  
portions ( ! ti$ up spaces to receive ! 
desir$ t9t2 9 fact1 su*  expos$ portions
 may be specially color$ by means ( a   
bru%4 ,b s9ce  ! ty+ ( po9ts c nev] be  
absolutely complete1 ! v c5t] (  ea*    
be>s ! t9ie/ speck ( ! f9al field color4
    8,in/ead ( us+ a block to raise up !
 clo? at ! desir$ po9ts1  ! ,b&hani may 
simply proce$ to tie up portions accord+
 to a patt]n  t %e has practic$ until x 
has become second nature4 ,9 ?is way %e 
w "w rapidly & outl9e a bird1 a horseman
 or a fl[]1 & pass  ov] c]ta9 po9ts 9 ! 
design t require to be ti$ at subsequ5t 
/ages1 :ile c>ry+ on a heat$ controv]sy 
) h] neighbor or  att5d+ to h] infant   
*ild4 ,& %e w return aga9 & aga9 to !   
fur!r elaborations ( "o piece aft] ano!r
 ) ! c]ta9ty (  action t speaks (       
intuition r ?an tra9+4    8,b in/ead (  
circul>1 squ>e or />-%ap$ spots1 x may  
be desir$  to produce transv]se b&s or  

zigzag l9es ( "o color or ano!r4 ,?is   
is accompli%$ by fold+ ! clo? l5g?wise  
into1 say1 f\r folds1  !n ty+ at        
int]vals by a s]ies ( pat*es ( ! desir$ 
bread?4 ,if  !n dy$ & subsequ5tly op5$  
out1 x w be f\nd to h a gr\nd  color )  
zigzag transv]se b&s ( :ite4 ,hav+      
obta9$ ?is result1  ! ord9>y po9t ty+   
may next be resort$ to1 ) ! result (    
produc+ a limitless s]ies ( effects40   
,illu/ration3 ,a ,cupbo>d ,curta9 9     
,batik4 ,design$ by soldi]s 9  ,u4 ,s4  
,g5]al ,hospital ,no4 #b1 "u direction (
 ,lieut5ant ,jean ,paul  ,sluss]        
,illu/ration3 ,filip9o ti$ & dy$ "w4    
,c\rtesy ( ,am]ican ,museum  ( ,natural 
,hi/ory    ,?is old process1 al?\gh     
impossible z a manufactur+ me?od "u     
mod]n indu/rial condition1 is full (    
sugge/ions = ! art work]4  ,! simplicity
 ( ! process is "p ( its *>m4 ,!re is no
 long  process ( trac+ ar\nd edges or   
smoo?+ curves4 ,! :ole ?\ght  goes to   
plann+ ! %apes1 spac+1 & arrangem5t ( ! 
spots  produc$ by ! ty+4    ,9 work+ ) a

 piece ( clo?1 all sorts ( int]e/+      
design  possibilities w develop4    ,9  
/>t+ to exp]im5t ) ?is "w1 x is a good  
plan to take  "s s(t cord1 dip x fir/ 9 
any conv5i5t wax1 su* z p>aff91  & cool 
x1 !n take a few old pieces ( s(t cotton
 clo? & try  arrang+ ! fold+ & wrapp+ to
 f9d by actual exp]i5ce h[ to  make     
diff]5t %apes4 ,to produce a 8ti$0 squ>e
 fold a piece ( clo?  on :at is int5d$  
to be ! two diagonals ( ! squ>e4 ,fold  
on !  fir/ diagonal & !n on ! second1 & 
!n hold+ "o end ( !  cord ) ! ?umb ( !  
left h& beg9 at ! tip & wrap backw>d  to
 ! desir$ dep?4    ,to make a circle1   
pick up a po9t ( clo? & crease away f ! 
po9t  z ev5ly z possible4 ,a %ot or     
m>ble ti$ 9 ! c5t] w give a  color$ c5t]
 ) a light r+ or bord]--squ>e or r\nd1 z
 desir$4  ,if ! cord is wax$1 a s+le    
twi/ at ! bottom ( ! ti$ spot w  hold x 
firmly4 ,"o lay] ( wax$ cord wrapp+     
smoo?ly done w  protect ! clo? bel[     
p]fectly4    ,9 work+ ) semi-transp>5t  
mat]ial ! design c be fir/ block$  9 )  

*>coal on pap]4 ,di/ances f edges1      
c5t]s1 etc41 %\ld be  c>efully measur$ )
 a rul]1 tape l9e1 or y>d /ick4 ,! size 
(  ! spots to be protect$ %\ld be plann$
 c>efully1 !n1 lay+ !  clo? ov] ! plan1 
) ei!r blue tailor's *alk or *>coal1 m>k
  ! c5t]s ( squ>es & circles & l9es =   
oblongs4 ,) heavi]  mat]ial1 aft] !     
piece has be5 plann$ on pap]1 draw !    
f\ndation  l9es t give ! spac+ directly 
on ! clo? z be=e expla9$4    ,! necess>y
 equipm5t includes j>s = ! dye1 enamel  
pans1  pref]ably1 z acid corrodes metal 
pans 9 "t1 pl5ty ( /r+1 a cake  ( p>aff9
 wax1 & m>bles1 %ot1 etc4    ,! li/ (   
articles = :i* ,tie-,dye+ is a suitable 
decoration is  long3 ,pill[ tops1 sc>fs1
 bags1 table & bureau cov]s1 curta9s1   
b$-spreads1 bl\ses1 lamp %ades1 middy   
ties1 coll>s1 aprons1 etc4    ,a *>m+   
lamp %ade c be made ( a squ>e piece (   
cotton crepe dy$  gold fir/ )\t ty+1 !n 
ti$ to give a suitable gr\p ( orange    
br[n spots & bord]s4    ,illu/ration3   
,ti$ & dy$ "w 9 diagonal /ripes         

,illu/ration3 ,figure #h %[s h[ to tie a
 small squ>e or circle2  ,figure #i1 =  
l>g] circles1 & ,figure #aj1 = conc5tric
 circles    ,illu/ration3 ,%[+ a me?od (
 tie-dye+ us$ 9 ,p]u4 ,c\rtesy (  !     
,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1    
,new ,york    ,illu/ration3 ,an example 
( mod]n tie-dye+1 by ,amy ,swi%]1 ,a!ns1
  ,ohio    ,illu/ration3 ,an example (  
tie-dye+ f an old ,p]uvian tomb4        
,c\rtesy ( ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural  
,hi/ory1 ,new ,york    ,illu/ration3 ,a 
,javanese ,batik design4 ,c\rtesy ( !   
,metropolitan  ,museum1 ,new ,york      
,illu/ration3 ,%[+ clo? ti$ 9 itself1   
ready = dye+    ,illu/ration3 ,! end ( a
 ,sc>f ti$ ) /r+ ready = dye+           
,illu/ration3 ,%[+ intricate tjant+ "w  
on a ,javanese ,batik    ,c\rtesy (     
,metropolitan ,museum1 ,n4 ,y4          
,illu/ration3 ,a bord] f a ,javanese    
,batik    ,c\rtesy ( ,metropolitan      
,museum1 ,n4 ,y4    ,illu/ration3       
,javanese ,batiks4 ,metropolitan ,museum
    ,illu/ration3 ,javanese ,batiks4    

,metropolitan ,museum    ,illu/ration3  
8,! ,que540 ,a ,batik hang+ by ,ilonka  
,k>asz4 ,c\rtesy  ( ,academy ,art ,%op &
 8,k]amic ,/udio0    ,illu/ration3 8,!  
,k+40 ,a ,batik hang+ by ,ilonka ,k>asz4
 ,c\rtesy (  ,academy ,art ,%op &       
8,k]amic ,/udio0          ,,*apt] ,,viii
    ,,dye+ ,,sugge/ions      ,9 ! pa/1 9
 dye+ "u our ,am]ican conditions1 v     
little  att5tion has be5 paid to !      
durability ( ! dyes4 ,unless ! dye is   
specially prep>$ to be us$ ) ! cold     
process :i* is necess>y  to keep ! wax f
 melt+1 ! colors w n be fa/ & ! "w      
!re=e only transi5t4 ,?is lack (        
durability has (t5 disc\rag$  c>eful "w4
 ,= ?is reason1 great c>e %\ld be us$ 9 
! *oice (  dyes4    ,! requirem5ts =    
good ,batik dyes are--        #a4 ,!y   
mu/ be easily appli$4        #b4 ,!y mu/
 be us$ cold1 z ! wax melts at #abh     
,fahr5heit      or #fj ,c5tigrade4      
#c4 ,! colors mu/ be suffici5tly fa/ to 
all[ ! wax to be      remov$ )\t injury 
to ! color4        #d4 ,! colors mu/ n  

fade 9 light or 9 sun4    ,_m comm]cial 
dyes t are prep>$ to be us$ hot c be us$
  some:at successfully cold4 ,!re w be m
 or less loss ( brilliancy  & fa/ness ( 
color1 h[ev]4 ,^! dyes %\ld be us$ 9 a  
mu*  /rong] solution ?an indicat$ by !  
directions on ! packages4    ,! mo/     
satisfactory results1 h[ev]1 are obta9$ 
by us+ colors  prep>$ especially = !    
cold process1 su* z ! 8,bateeko ,dyes40 
,!y are exce$+ly /rong & = t reason     
exact directions =  mix+ f ! p[d]$ =m   
are impossible1 z a t9y speck ( !  p[d] 
w modify ! color mix$4 ,= exact         
measurem5ts x is  recomm5d$ t ea*       
package ( ! ,prang ,bateeko ,dyes be    
dissolv$ 9  #a cups ( wat]2 t is1 ab\t  
#bj tablespoonfuls1 & t ! am\nt  ( ea*  
color us$ 9 mix+ be tak5 ) measur+      
spoons f ?is  solution4 ,a p9t fruit j> 
is good to hold ! mixture4    ,!        
ext5sive use ( dye+ z a means ( pr9t+   
textiles dates f  ! #ai? c5tury1 :5 !   
mod]n *emical dyes 7 discov]$4 ,!re  is 
/ill a prejudice among "s p aga9/ ! use 

( *emical dyes  = art "w4 ,?is seems to 
be bas$ ^u ! undisput$ fact t 9  ! e>ly 
days ( ! dye indu/ry "s ( ! colors 7 s  
crude &  h>% t p fell into ! delusion t 
all h>% colors 7  due to *emical dyes4  
,! *emi/s 9 ! meantime h be5 improv+  ^!
 products until n[ "o c dep5d ^u !      
manufactur$ dyes =  z beautiful colors z
 7 ev] obta9$ by ! old] me?ods4 ,!y are 
s mu* m easily appli$ t x is l>gely =   
exp]im5tal purposes  & z a means ( keep+
 alive a craft ( our ance/ors t ! old   
processes are ev] us$4    ,"s br&s (    
dyes are completely dissolv$ by /irr+ 9 
hot wat]4  ,"s ne$ to be boil$ & /ra9$  
to be p]fectly cle> f specks4  ,!y mu/  
be ?or\ghly dissolv$4 ,mo/ dyes are us$ 
) ei!r salt1  v9eg> or acid4 ,use :i*ev]
 is recomm5d$ by ! mak]s ( ! dyes  us$4 
,= ,batik ! acid is g5]ally add$ to !   
wat] 9 :i* !  clo? is to be dipp$4 ,dyes
 w all "w a trifle bett] 9 lukew>m  ?an 
9 cold wat]4 ,sev]al dipp+s 9 a weak dye
 w give a m  p]man5t color ?an "o dye+ 9
 a /rong color4    ,illu/ration3 ,a     

decorative ,batik ,hang+ by ,jean ,paul 
,sluss]1 us+  ! ,javanese 8,tree (      
,life0 motif    ,illu/ration3 ,a        
,javanese ,batik1 %[+ ! ,tree ( ,life & 
,bird (  ,p>adise4 ,c\rtesy ( ,am]ican  
,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york  
,dyes v>y 9 _! t5d5cy to dye ev5ly or 9 
spots1 & if ! work]  f9ds h]self us+ a  
color hav+ a t5d5cy to /reak1 ?is c be  
ov]come by especial c>e 9 keep+ ! piece 
cont9ually mov+ :ile  9 t color4    ,to 
secure an ev5 color x is necess>y to    
keep a g5tle motion s z  to prev5t ! dye
 f settl+ 9 any "p & to keep all ! clo? 
equally wet1 s t x is necess>y to h a   
vessel l>ge en\gh to  keep ! clo?       
entirely "u ! wat] & mov+ freely4    ,9 
us+ any metal pan "o %\ld n let dye     
conta9+ acids /& 9  x1 z ! metal w      
corrode4 ,an enamel pan ) a flaw w all[ 
!  acid to eat a hole 9 x 9 two weeks'  
"t 7z ! writ] f\nd74 ,dye  ne$ nev] be  
?r[n away4 ,if x dries to a p[d] or     
cry/al on !  bottom ( ! pan1 set ! pan  
away1 & :5 ! color is want$ aga9  add   

w>m wat] z at fir/ & dissolve aga94     
,sometimes z ! dye  /&s 9 a pan day aft]
 day1 if x is 9 con/ant use1 "s color   
may  settle on ! sides or a film may    
ga!r on top ( ! pan :i* w  /reak or spot
 ! clo? if n notic$4 ,simply /ra9 ! dye 
into a  clean vessel & cont9ue to use x 
z long z any color rema9s4    ,:5 !     
work] c produce a piece ( ,batik or     
ti$-&-dy$ ) a dye  t w la/1 !re is no   
excuse = c>eless "w4 ,& a piece (  ! "w 
%\ld receive ! "t & c>e 9 mak+ t its    
beautiful  possibilities des]ve4        
,batik dye _c be us$ hot z ! wax w\ld   
melt4 ,if us$ v cold !  wax t5ds to     
crack & ! color w creep "u ! wax4 ,if   
too hot1  t is1 ov] #abh degrees        
,fahr5heit1 ! wax melts & ! design is   
blurr$ or lo/4 ,! be/ temp]ature = ! dye
 ba? is betwe5 #ij &  #aaj degrees      
,fahr5heit4 ,z #ih degrees is blood     
heat1 if no !rmomet]  is conv5i5t1 wat] 
t feels ! temp]ature ( ! wri/ w be all  
"r4 ,use pl5ty ( wat] to float ! clo?4  
,all[ x to move freely  )\t cr[d+ 9 !   

bas94 ,put only en\gh dye 9 ! wat] to   
color  ! wat] di/9ctly4 ,! clo? w absorb
 ! dye color f ! wat]  & leave ! wat]   
cle>1 if only en\gh dye has be5 us$4 ,if
 mu* dye  rema9s 9 ! wat] aft] ! "w is  
f9i%$ x %[s t m dye  0 us$ ?an 0        
necess>y4 ,if m dye is to be add$1      
remove ! clo?  f ! wat] & add 9 small   
quantities4 ,mairet's 8,vegetable ,dyes0
  w give all ! =mulas necess>y =        
exp]im5t+ 9 t l9e if  any read]s are    
int]e/$4    ,x is n only wa/e ( dye to  
use a /rong solution1 b a m durable  fa/
 color is secur$ by all[+ ! goods to    
rema9 9 ! dye ba?  until !re is a ?or\gh
 union betwe5 ! dye & ! fib] ( !  clo?4 
,?is union _c be obta9$ 9 a few m9utes  
suffici5tly to  /& mu* r\gh usage4      
8,make ha/e sl[ly0 mu/ be ! motto ( !   
dy] :o wi%es a p]man5t color4 ,rememb] !
 "t requir$ 9 ! old  indigo & turkey r$ 
processes4    ,illu/ration3 ,batik by   
,ilonka ,k>asz4 ,c\rtesy ,academy ,art  
,%op1 ,new  ,york    ,illu/ration3      
,batik by ,w9old ,reiss4 ,c\rtesy       

,academy ,art ,%op1 ,new  ,york         
,!re=e1 x is bett] to all[ at ! v lea/  
tw5ty m9utes = !  dye+4 ,an h\r is bett]
 = a sl[ color l black4 ,"s colors1 su* 
z black1 br[n & yell[1 unite ) ! fib] ( 
! clo? m sl[ly  ?an o!rs1 s t m "t mu/  
be all[$ = ^!4 ,blue dyes v  quickly &  
easily1 b mu/ be giv5 "t to set 9 ! fib]
 to become  ?or\ghly p]man5t4 ,^! "t    
sugge/ions are = ! 8,bateeko ,dyes0  9  
p[d] =m4    ,!re is also a great        
diff]5ce 9 mat]ials us$1 z to ! rapidity
  ) :i* !y w absorb ! dye4 ,wool & silk 
absorb ! dye easily  & quickly1 cotton1 
l95 & hemp mu* m sl[ly4 ,!re=e1 ! "t    
all[$ = dye+ mu/ be increas$ to get deep
 colors 9 cotton1 l95  & hemp4    ,!    
clos5ess ( ! weave & ! h>dness ( ! twill
 mu/ also be  consid]$4 ,a v loose por\s
 silk or cotton crepe w dye 9 a few     
m9utes1 :ile a firm musl9 w require     
p]haps half an h\r to an h\r  to produce
 a /rong fa/ color4    ,! mat]ial %\ld  
be free f />* or siz+ ( any k9d be=e x  
is put into ! dye4    ,aft] ! goods has 

be5 /irr$ 9 ! ba? = five to t5 m9utes1  
m dye c be add$ if necess>y4 ,be sure to
 remove ! mat]ial f  ! dye ba? be=e add+
 m dye4 ,z color always seems d>k] :5  x
 is wet1 x is difficult to tell exactly 
:5 y h z deep a color  z y desire1 b    
hold+ ! mat]ial up to ! light gives a   
fairly  good idea ( ! way ! color w look
 :5 dry4 ,to get a deep %ade (  a       
special color x is always bett] to "w up
 to ! color desir$ by  /eps1 t is1 to   
dye a light tone ( ! color desir$1      
exam9e ?is  & if x is ! desir$ %ade     
cont9ue until ! desir$ dep? ( color  is 
rea*$4    ,aft] dye+1 r9se ?or\ghly 9   
cold wat]1 dra9 ! wat] out on an  old   
t[el or %eet & hang x on a wax$ l9e or  
cord to dry4 ,x is be/  to wax ! l9e s t
 ! l9e does n te> (f ! wax on ! clo?    
:]e x is p9n$ up4    ,! rema9+ problem (
 dye+ is ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all1 viz43 !   
effect ( "o dye on ano!r1 & ( dye+ "o   
color ov] or on top (  ! prec$+ color4  
,9 ?is 8top dye+10 we mu/ rememb] t !   
f9al color w be !  comb9ation ( ! color 

already on ! mat]ial & ! dye color :i*  
is be+ add$4 ,if we h a brilliant yell[ 
sc>f1 we _c dye x a  blue unless 9 "s   
way we c remove ! yell[1 b we c dye x   
any  color ( :i* yell[ =ms a "p1 su* z  
orange1 orange r$1 mahogany1  gre5 ( all
 k9ds1 br[ns1 greys1 & black4 ,all ^!   
colors conta9  yell[ & c be dy$ ov]     
yell[ by add+ ! o!r colors :i* make  !  
desir$ comb9ation4 ,a pale yell[ c be   
neutraliz$ by dye+ )  weak mag5ta & !n  
dye+ blue4    ,illu/ration3 ,a ,w9d[    
,curta9 decorat$ 9 ,batik4 ,design$ &   
execut$ by soldi]s 9 ! ,comm]cial ,art  
,class at ,u4 ,s4 ,g5]al  ,hospital ,no4
 #b1 "u ! direction ( ,lieut5ant ,jean  
,paul ,sluss]    ,illu/ration3 ,javanese
 ,batiks4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,metropolitan    
,museum1 ,new  ,york    ,= in/ance1 to  
make a m$ium grey gre5 ov] a yell[1 bo? 
blue &  r$ mu/ be add$1 ! blue mak+ gre5
 :5 dy$ ov] yell[ & a  little r$ mak+ ! 
color grey4 ,9 dye+ a /rong color ov] a 
weak  & greyi% color ! orig9al color w  
seem to h v little effect4    ,! am\nt (

 ea* color us$ dep5ds ^u ! result       
desir$4 ,!re=e1  analyze ! color y wi%  
to produce4 ,decide :at proportion (    
ea* color !re seems to be 9 ! %ade      
desir$1 & mix ! dyes  accord+ly4 ,dye ! 
light colors fir/1 & ! d>ke/ la/4       
,rememb]  a color may be d>k5$ or       
modifi$1 b _c be light5$1 except by     
remov+ ! dye ) ammonia or wa%+ soda4    
,9 dye+ = ,batik1 ! safe ?+ is1 ( c\rse1
 to dep5d ^u sev]al  weak dye ba?s ( r  
cle> colors1 z !re is dang] ( produc+   
too grey & muddy a color if /rong ba?s  
are us$ be=e !re is a  good und]/&+ ( ! 
result ( ! color comb9ations4 ,if at all
  unc]ta9 ( ! result ( a color          
comb9ation1 dye a piece z a trial  fir/4
    ,9 dye+1 to secure a r$ & gre5 9 !  
same piece1 ! colors (  ! 8blue gr\p0   
discuss$ 9 ! previ\s *apt] %\ld be dy$  
fir/  entirely4 ,!n ) wa%+ soda or      
ammonia ! color on ! spots :]e  ! r$    
gr\p ( colors is desir$ c be remov$4    
,?is blea*+ process  _h bett] be res]v$ 
= advanc$ "w1 & 9 ! beg9n+ /ages  color 

comb9ations n requir+ x %\ld be us$4 ,! 
soda & ammonia  bo? affect ! wax & aft] 
us+ !m ! wax+ %\ld be look$ ov]         
c>efully & ragg$ edges re-wax$4    ,:5 a
 small spot ( a contra/+ color is want$ 
on su* a place z !  w+s ( ! bird on !   
velvet bag on page #db1 ! me?od ( remov+
  ! color by ammonia is ! "o to use4    
,) ?9 silk ! wax c be s entirely remov$ 
) a hot iron &  pap]s t a piece c be    
re-wax$ = contra/+ colors4 ,) heavy     
clo? or velvet1 ! wax c\ld n be s       
completely remov$ by ?is  me?od t ! next
 dye+ w\ld be satisfactory4 ,gasol9e is 
! be/  me?od ( remov+ ! wax 9 su* a     
case4 ,e p>ticle mu/ be remov$  9 ord]  
to h ! next dye ba? satisfactory4    ,= 
t reason x is be/ to remove all ! wax   
possible 9 ! fir/  gasol9e ba? & r9se 9 
clean gasol9e be=e dye+ aga94    ,9 dye+
 textiles 9 l>ge quantities ) !         
8,bateeko0 ,p[d] ,dyes z  is requir$ =  
co/umes1 drap]ies1 etc41 ! directions z 
to size (  receptacle1 "t ( dye+1 /irr+1
 etc41 are ! same z = small]  "w4       

,:ile ^! dyes are v rapid 9 _! action :5
 us$ 9 only tepid  wat]1 !y are         
naturally /ill m rapid :5 us$ hot4 ,!   
us]1  !re=e1 has ! *oice ( ! hot or cold
 process1 accord+ to  h] conv5i5ce4 ,if 
! dye is us$ hot ! mat]ial mu/ be /irr$ 
con/antly4 ,if us$ 9 tepid wat] x mu/ be
 kept 9 motion only  suffici5tly to keep
 ! color f settl+ 9 ! folds & mak+ d>k  
spots or /reaks4    ,always r9se out all
 ! loose color ?or\ghly 9 cold wat] be=e
  hang+ up to dry4 ,hang ! pieces s !y d
 n t\* any?+4    ,illu/ration3 ,a       
section f a ,javanese ,batik f          
,metropolitan ,museum1  ,new ,york      
,illu/ration3 ,an all-ov] design 9      
,batik t 0 practically  improvis$ z ! "w
 0 done4 ,by ,jean ,paul ,sluss]    ,if 
work+ con/antly ) dyes1 rubb] gloves are
 a conv5i5ce4  ,h[ev]1 ev5 ) gloves "o  
sometimes /a9s ! h&s4 ,ammonia or  wa%+ 
soda w help remove ! /a94               
,practically any conta9] t is l>ge en\gh
 c be us$4 ,! be/ is  p]haps a copp]    
tub2 enamel w>e is excell5t4 ,wood5 tubs

 are us$ by  pr(essional dy]s some:at4  
,galvaniz$ iron is all "r1 unless ! dye 
conta9+ acid /ays 9 x s long t ! acid   
affects ! iron4    ,illu/ration3 ,ti$ & 
dy$ patt]n done 9 /ripes                
,illu/ration3 ,a ,sc>f %[+ application (
 conc5tric circles4  ,design$ by ,hel5  
,r4 ,re$    ,illu/ration3 ,a patt]n f a 
,javanese ,batik4 ,c\rtesy (            
,metropolitan  ,museum1 ,n4 ,y4         
,illu/ration3 ,an ,indian ,s>ee4        
,c\rtesy ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,n4 
,y4    ,illu/ration3 ,a patt]n f a      
,javanese ,batik4 ,c\rtesy ( !          
,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york       
,illu/ration3 ,a patt]n f a ,javanese   
,batik4 ,c\rtesy ( ,metropolitan        
,museum1 ,n4 ,y4    ,illu/ration3 ,batik
 ,sc>f4 ,design$ & execut$ by ,miss     
,robic*eck4  ,c\rtesy ( ,academy ,art   
,%op    ,illu/ration3 ,batik ,sc>f4     
,design$ & execut$ by ,conrad ,kram]4   
,c\rtesy ( ,academy ,art ,%op           
,illu/ration3 ,a ,javanese ,batik       
patt]n4 ,c\rtesy ( ,adelaide ,a4        

,rob9eau    ,illu/ration3 ,a mod]n      
,batik wall hang+          ,,prang      
8,,qu>to ,,art ,,books0      8,,! ,,!ory
 ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,color0    ,by     
,,bonnie ,e4 ,,sn[ & ,,hugo ,b4         
,,froehli*    ,! mo/ au?oritative "w on 
8,color0 issu$ 9 ?is c\ntry4  ,illu/rat$
 ) h&-pa9t$ 8,color ,*>ts0 ( great      
value4 ,l>ge  qu>to1 price1 #d4jj2 by   
mail1 #d4be4      8,,art ,,simplifi$0   
7,revis$ ,edition7    ,by ,,p$ro ,j4    
,,lemos & ,,john ,t4 ,,lemos    ,a book 
( practical in/ruction 9 ,art =         
adv]tis]s1 comm]cial  arti/s1 tea*]s &  
/ud5ts4 ,tw5ty-two full-page plates1    
#age pages4  ,price1 #d4jj2 by mail1    
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