,,! ,,/one ,,age ,,9 ,,nor? ,,am]ica ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbc4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,two groov$ effigies & two celts1 f ! ,bahama ,isl&s1 ,we/ ,indies4 ,reproduc$ 9 natural colors4 ,b4 ,w4 ,arnold's collection1 ,albany1 ,new ,york4 ,,! ,,/one ,,age ,,9 ,,nor? ,,am]ica ,,an ,,ar*,,ological ,,encyclop$ia ,,( ,,! ,,implem5ts1 ,,ornam5ts1 ,,weapons1 ,,ut5sils1 ,,etc41 ,,( ,,! ,,prehi/oric ,,tribes ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica1 ,,) ,,m ,,?an ,,?ree ,,hundr$ ,,full-,,page ,,plates ,,& ,,f\r ,,hundr$ ,,figures ,,illu/rat+ ,,ov] ,,f\r ,,?\s& ,,diff]5t ,,objects ,,by ,,w>r5 ,k4 ,,moorehead1 ,a4,m4 ,,curator ,,( ,,! ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,am]ican ,,ar*,,ology1 ,,phillips ,,academy1 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,bo>d ,,( ,,indian ,,commission]s1 ,,etc4 ,,9 ,,two ,,volumes ,,vol4 ,,ii ,illu/ration3 ,logo ,,bo/on ,,& ,,new ,,york ,,h\ghton ,,miffl9 ,,company ,! ,riv]side ,press ,cambridge #aiaj ,,copyright1 #aiaj1 ,,by ,,w>r5 ,k4 ,,moorehead ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$ ,publi%$ ,decemb] #aiaj ,,cont5ts ,,xxv4 ,,gr\nd ,,/one #a ,effigies 9 /one & wood--bird-/ones #a ,animal & human effigies #bj ,,xxvi4 ,,gr\nd ,,/one #bi ,/one pipes #bi ,! classification ( pipes #cb ,,xxvii4 ,,gr\nd ,,/one #ie ,mort>s & pe/les #ie ,,xxviii4 ,,objects ,,( ,,%ell #aag ,,xxix4 ,,objects ,,( ,,bone #acd ,m&an bone implem5ts #adi ,,xxx4 ,,objects ,,( ,,copp] #afa ,! native copp] implem5ts ( ,wiscons9 #afa ,fabrication #agb ,di/ribution #agd ,classes & functions #agh ,axes #ahj ,*isels #ahd ,spuds #ahf ,g\ges #ahh ,adzes #ahi ,spatulas #aib ,knives #aif ,arr[- & spe>-po9ts #aih ,h>poon-po9ts #bad ,pikes & pun*es #baf ,awls & drills #bai ,spikes #bbj ,ne$les #bba ,fi%-hooks--peculi> implem5ts #bbb ,bann]-/ones--beads #bbd ,bangles #bbe ,f+]-r+s--e>-r+s #bbf ,e>-spools or e>-plugs--gorgets & p5dants #bbg ,cresc5ts #bbh ,o!r ornam5ts #bcj ,,xxxi4 ,,textile ,,fabrics #bce ,,xxxii4 ,,pott]y ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates #bdg ,,xxxiii4 ,,hematite ,,objects #bie ,,xxxiv4 ,,miscellane\s ,,objects #cjh ,,xxxv4 ,,! ,,/one ,,age ,,9 ,,ea/]n ,,canada1 ,,utah1 ,,& ,,dakota #ccj ,ea/]n ,canada #ccj ,! ,pla9s ( we/]n & c5tral ,canada #ccc ,! /one age 9 ,utah #ccf ,objects made ( wood #ccf ,textiles2 fea!r objects2 bone objects #ccg ,objects made f tee?2 %ell objects2 /one objects2 pott]y objects #cch ,! /one age 9 ,dakota #cci ,hide & b>k #cci ,objects made f de] antl]s2 bone objects2 %ell objects #cdj ,/one objects #cda ,objects ( copp]2 ( pott]y2 ( unbak$ clay #cdb ,,xxxvi4 ,,conclusions #cdd ,! population 9 prehi/oric times #cdd ,! /one age 9 hi/oric times #cdh ,! antiquity ( man 9 ,am]ica #cej ,adaptation to conditions #ced ,art 9 anci5t times & mod]n art #cee ,,xxxvii4 ,,conclusions #ceg ,! anci5t culture-gr\ps #ceg ,! /one-age po9t ( view #cfc ,field /udy ne$$ #cfe ,,bibliography #cfi ,,index #daa ,,! ,,/one ,,age ,,9 ,,nor? ,,am]ica ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,gr\nd ,,/one ,,effigies ,,9 ,,/one ,,& ,,wood--,,bird-,,/ones ,aborig9al man trac$ all sorts ( figures on ! rocks & occasionally on ! surfaces ( flat ornam5ts & c]emonials4 ,n only did he make pictures on %ell gorgets & on bir* b>k1 b he also c>v$ complete figures4 ,i h n made a special *apt] = pictographs & picture writ+s1 b h dismiss$ !m f ?is "w1 save ) "h & !re a ref]5ce4 ,h[ev]1 !y repres5t /one-age pictorial art4 ,dr4 ,fewkes1 ,mr4 ,cu%+1 ,dr4 ,g>rick ,mallory & o!rs h giv5 u num]\s pap]s on picture writ+s1 pictographs1 pa9t$ & sculptur$ symbols4 ,g>rick ,mallory's report on ! sign language among ! ,am]ican ,indians 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,elev5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology & cov]s f\r hundr$ pages4 ,?is treats ext5sively ( picture writ+s & pictographs4 ,he portray$ ! attempts ( /one-age man at express+ 8 ?\ghts4 ,he _h n arriv$ at a writt5 language save 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica he 0 9 ! advanc$ /one age4 ,b he 0 v skillful 9 8 pictographs & 9 8 c>v+s ( human1 animal1 bird1 reptile1 & fi% figures4 ,x has occurr$ to me t he fir/ made rude scrat*es on flat surfaces1 on wigwam sides1 on trees1 on rocks ne> trails4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cii4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,unf9i%$ bird-/ones4 ,localities3 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,mi*igan4 ,phillips ,academy collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djj4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,unf9i%$ bird-/one4 ,collection ( ,emily ,flet*]1 ,we/=d1 ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dja4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,unf9i%$ bird-/one4 ,phillips ,academy collection4 ,x is significant t ! ,pla9s tribes & all ! natives :o did n con/ruct m\nds or e>?works1 natives t _h n rea*$ ! /age ( b>b>ism b 7 /ill savages1 made no effigies ( consequ5ce4 ,! effigies c>v$ 9 catl9ite1 & obs]v$ among tribes we/ ( ! ,mississippi dur+ ! hi/oric p]iod1 seem to h be5 inspir$ by a k ( ! sup]ior arts ( ! :ite p4 ,we f9d t :ile ! rov+ tribes ( ! ,pla9s pa9t$ v>i\s battle & hunt+ sc5es on _! t5ts & %ields1 yet !y 7 inf]ior 9 art z comp>$ ) ! ,pueblo1 ! ,cliff-,dwell]1 or ! ,m\nd-,build+ peoples4 ,x is also significant1 & ,i %all speak ( x at great] l5g? 9 my ,conclusions1 t ! native ,am]ican 0 s little influ5c$ 9 8 art by "s life-=ms4 ,i h nev] se5 an effigy ( a m\nta91 a tree1 a plant1 or a fl[]4 ,! mod]n ,ojibwa ,indians design fl[]s 9 _! bead-"w4 ,! anci5t ,ojibwa did n4 ,! native ,am]ican did n seem to h be5 impress$ by plant-life or inanimate objects4 ,occasionally1 he scrat*$ a trail or a tipi on an ornam5t1 & "s ( ! pictographs 9 v>i\s portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %[ wigwams1 trails1 etc4 ,b :ile !re are num]\s examples ( c>v+s 9 /one1 %ell1 & bone ( animals1 birds1 fi%1 & reptile life1 we se>* 9 va9 = c>v+s ( ! o!r ?+s ,i h m5tion$4 ,! highe/ art is f\nd :]e ! l>ge/ villages1 or ! mo/ num]\s m\nds or cliff-h\ses1 7 locat$4 ,9 small m\nd gr\ps1 or areas :]e ! population 0 n s$5t>y1 ! art is v crude4 ,?r\gh\t ! areas :]e ! culture is highe/1 notably ,alabama1 ,georgia1 ,wiscons91 ,t5nessee1 ,arkansas1 ,miss\ri1 ,ohio1 & ,ill9ois1 we f9d ^! l>ge m\nd gr\ps ref]r$ to1 all ( :i* proves t ! p liv$ long en\gh 9 "o place to develop an art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djb4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,c5tral ,ont>io1 ,canada4 ,prov9cial ,museum collection4 ,?is art we see 9 ! c>v$ effigies4 ,to /udy !m 9 detail requires m space ?an is available 9 ?is volume4 ,! ,nom5clature ,committee plac$ all effigies "u "o head--8,resemblances to kn[n =ms40 ,"u t g5]al head ,i h plac$3 ,i4 ,! bird-/one 9 its v>i\s =ms4 7,a7 ,pla9 bird-/ones4 7,b7 ,) e>s or eyes1 or ) exp&+ w+s4 ,,ii4 ,effigies 9 /one o!r ?an pipes4 ,,iii4 ,human effigies 9 /one & wood1 includ+ idols4 ,! classification made is r5d]$ difficult because !re are effigies 9 bone1 %ell1 clay1 & /one1 n to omit copp]4 ,su* effigies z 7 drill$ & us$ z pipes are describ$ "u ! *apt] devot$ to pipes4 ,! bone effigies are includ$ 9 ! *apt] devot$ to %ell & bone1 :ile copp] is sep>ately treat$4 ,yet !re rema9s1 aft] treat+ m or less completely ( ^! v>i\s divisions1 a l>ge class ( /one objects :i* are n pipes1 or tools1 or di%es1 & :i* ,i h ?\ght be/ to include by !mselves4 ,! l>ge/ division 9 effigies is ! s-call$ bird- or saddle-/one :i* is f\nd betwe5 ! foll[+ l9es3 ,dav5port1 ,i[a1 to c5tral ,m9nesota1 ea/ to ,new ,brunswick1 s\? to ! ,atlantic ,coa/1 & !nce s\? d[n ! coa/ to ,wa%+ton1 !nce we/ to ,dav5port4 ,few bird-/ones occur s\? ( ,k5tucky1 we/ ( ,dav5port1 or nor? ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,! o!r effigies are ( multitud9\s k9ds & are widely scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djc4 7,s4 #a-a & #a-b47 ,^! ?ree problematical =ms are f ! ,prov9cial ,museum collection1 ,ont>io1 ,canada4 ,! upp] "o is f c5tral ,ont>io4 ,! base view ( ! l[] specim5 is also %[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djd4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,&ov] collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dje4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,w4 ,a4 ,holmes's collection1 ,*icago4 ,figs4 #cii1 #djj1 #dja1 & ! c5tral object 9 ,fig4 #bfi are all unf9i%$ bird-/ones4 ,x 0 difficult = me to procure ^!1 b aft] "s ye>s ( correspond5ce !y 7 obta9$4 ,! specim5s cle>ly %[ ! "w ( ! h&-hamm]4 ,fig4 #dja & ! upp] "r-h& specim5 9 ,fig4 #cii h be5 peck$ into %ape & ! gr9d+-poli%+ process 0 well "u way :5 ! specim5 0 set aside1 or lo/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djf4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,collection ( ,leslie ,w4 ,hills1 ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 ,9 collect+ numb]s ( ^! unf9i%$ bird-/ones1 my object 0 to prove t ^! sl5d]1 delicate objects did n indicate ,european k or influ5ce1 b 7 wr\ght aft] mu* labor f ord9>y /one by prehi/oric man4 ,none ( !m %[ ! m>ks ( /eel cutt+-tools4 ,fig4 #djj is ! r\ghe/ "o & yet ! e>s or eyes /& out 9 relief4 ,fig4 #cii is int]e/+ 9 t x %[s ?ree on :i* ! result ( peck+ & batt]+ is 9 evid5ce4 ,! "o to ! left1 l[] r[1 has be5 peck$1 & gr\nd1 & 0 9 process ( be+ poli%$ :5 ! "w ceas$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djg4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,collection ( ,leslie ,w4 ,hills1 ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 ,fig4 #dja1 ,&ov] collection1 f\nd 9 ,ohio1 is a l>ge bird-/one ab\t five in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! m>ks ( ! fl9t cutt+-tool or ( ! h>d gra9$ rubb+-/one1 :i* cut ! s(t] surface ( ! slate1 are /ill app>5t4 ,fig4 #djd pres5ts v>i\s bird-/ones1 bo? r>e & common =ms1 ) & )\t e>s4 ,^! are f\nd long & sl5d]1 %ort & ?ick1 almo/ z l[ z ! b>-amulet1 & also s high t !y m]ge into o!r effigies4 ,six bird-/ones f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,leslie ,w4 ,hills ( ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana1 are %[n 9 ,fig4 #djg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djh4 7,s4 #c-e47 8,?is specim5 is f we/]n ,new ,york4 ,x is made 9 ! =m ( a bird :i* f ! numb] ( simil> specim5s h giv5 ! "n to ?is class4 ,! eyes are repres5t$ by great protub]ances1 :i* mu/ h greatly increas$ ! difficulty ( manufacture4 ,x is made f a b\ld] or l>ge piece1 & :ile ! mat]ial is h>d1 x is n r\gh b r fragile4 ,x c\ld n be *ipp$ l fl9t nor :ittl$ l soap/one1 b mu/ h be5 hamm]$ or peck$ into %ape & aft]w>ds gr\nd to its pres5t =m1 !n poli%$ until x is z smoo? z glass4 ,a consid]ation ( ! conditions demon/rates ! difficulty ( mak+ ?is object & ! dext]ity & ! exp]i5c$ work+ requir$40#a ,mat]ial3 diorite ) feldsp> cry/als4 ,smi?sonian collection4 ,otis ,m4 ,bigel['s collection1 ,baldw9sville4 ,! bird-/ones ) projection on ei!r side1 :i* by "s are call$ e>s1 & by o!rs eyes1 are q frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,canada4 ,an unusual "o is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #djb1 ?is hav+ "o button-%ap$ knob on ! top ( ! head4 ,figs4 #djf & #dji f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,hills illu/rate bird-/ones ab\t "o ?ird size1 f v>i\s portions ( ,indiana1 ,ohio1 & ,canada2 an unf9i%$ "o 9 ,fig4 #dji 7numb] on its side #efa7 is int]e/+ 9 t ! bill or nose is unusually long1 ! head high1 & ! body q %ort4 ,"o beautiful specim5 own$ by ,mr4 ,george ,little ( ,x5ia1 ,ohio1 is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #daj1 & ! specim5 is turn$ 9 ,fig4 #daa s t ! p]=ations are visible4 ,! neck ( ?is is unusually long4 ,x w be obs]v$ t all ( ^! bird-/ones h flat bases2 none ( ! bases are r\nd4 ,9 ,figs4 #djd to #daa are pres5t$ bird-/ones1 ,class ,i1 divisions ,a & ,b4 ,naturally1 !re are m ( pla9 bird-/ones 7,a7 ?an ^? ) l>ge project+ e>s1 or elaborate heads4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! wid? ( ! tail v>ies1 be+ long & n>r[ 9 "s1 %ort & slightly fl>+ 9 o!rs1 & 9 /ill o!rs broad1 or fan-%ap$4 ,sometimes ! eye is v small1 z 9 ! l[] left-h& specim51 ,fig4 #dje4 ,or x may be sunk51 sev]al ( :i* are %[n 9 ,fig4 #dji4 ,b usually x is work$ 9 high relief4 ,!re are pres5t$1 all told1 9 ?is *apt]1 sixty bird-/ones4 ,x w\ld be possible = me to pres5t t5 times ?is numb]4 ,!re are includ$ 9 ! s]ies numb]s ( effigy-l objects t might n be class$ by o!r obs]v]s z bird-/ones4 ,= in/ance1 ! c5tral specim51 top r[1 ( ,fig4 #dje4 ,! bird-/ones are v int]e/+ & unique objects & ! range 9 !m is consid]able4 ,sometimes !y are almo/ squ>e1 z is se5 9 ! c5tral specim51 l[] r[1 ,fig4 #dje4 ,aga91 ! head is a prom95t feature1 z is obs]v$ 9 ! l[] "o 9 ,fig4 #dji1 & ! body is ( second>y consid]ation4 ,a gr\p ( ^! /ones f ! ,&ov] collection is %[n 9 ,fig4 #djd4 ,! v small bird-/one 9 ! upp] r[ to ! left is half size ( ! orig9al1 z are ! o!rs4 ,?is is ! smalle/ bird-/one1 ! g5u95ess ( :i* is beyond "q1 br\ght to my att5tion4 ,j bel[ x is a peculi>ly /raight effigy f ,t5nessee1 :i* is almo/ b>-amulet 9 %ape1 & m>ks ! m]g+ ( ! bird-/one into ! b>-amulet4 ,fig4 #djh is an exp&$-w+ type ( unusual beauty4 ,fig4 #dje1 f ! collection ( ,w4 ,a4 ,holmes1 ,*icago1 %[s typical bird-/ones1 ) an unusual "o1 almo/ l a frog1 & %[n 9 ! c5tre at ! top4 ,next to x to ! left is a %ort /one1 h>dly bird-l 9 "*1 ( :i* a few h be5 f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,fig4 #djc1 f ! collection 9 ! ,prov9cial ,museum1 ,toronto1 ,ont>io1 ,canada1 pres5ts at ! top a /one z mu* b>-amulet z bird 9 "*1 & also a /one at ! bottom 9 ! c5tre ( :i* is work$ a projection or knob4 ,fig4 #dab1 f ! ,rev]5d ,william ,beau*amp's collection1 is some:at diff]5t f ord9>y bird-/ones1 al?\gh x is includ$ "u t class4 ,9 #ahii ,i issu$ a bullet91 8,! ,bird-,/one ,c]emonial10 :i* is n[ out ( pr9t4 ,x illu/rat$ fifty-?ree bird-/ones4 ,s9ce t "t ,mr4 ,*>les ,e4 ,br[n has publi%$ a /udy ( bird-/ones4#b ,?is is an excell5t review4 ,dr4 ,?omas ,wilson once made a /atem5t#c conc]n+ bird-/ones1 & ,i quote "o ( 8 p>agraphs3 8,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum possesses _m ( ^! specim5s4 ,:ile !y be> a great] resemblance to birds ?an any?+ else1 yet sc>cely any two ( !m are alike & !y *ange 9 =m ?r\gh ! :ole gamut until x is difficult to det]m9e :e!r x is a bird1 a liz>d1 or a turtle1 & f9ally ! s]ies ends 9 a /raight b> )\t pret5se ( pres5t+ any animal40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dji4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,leslie ,w4 ,hills1 ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 ,! range ( mat]ial is f ,huronian slate or %ale to r$ s&/one1 granite1 & porphyry4 ,usually ! /one f :i* !y are made is b&$ or conta9s spots ( color4 ,!y are ei!r r$1 gray1 or br[n1 ) v>iations4 ,sometimes feldspa?ic granite1 diorite1 & porphyritic-feldsp> are made use (4 ,dr4 ,william ,beau*amp gives a v good description ( "s fifte5 bird-/ones4#d ,i h reproduc$ none ( ! illu/rations he gives1 b z 8 text is timely1 ,i quote at l5g? f 8 pap]3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #daj4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,collection ( ,george ,little1 ,x5ia1 ,ohio4 8,! !ories ab\t _! use seem fanciful1 z "s c]ta9ly are4 ,two writ]s ass]t t !y 7 worn by m>ri$ or pregnant wom5 only1 & _m h accept$ ?is /atem5t4 ,o!rs ?9k !y 7 worn by conjurors1 or fix$ on ! pr[s ( canoes4 ,x is en\gh to say t "s ( ! p]=ations are n adapt$ to any ( ^! uses4 ,x seems bett] to class !m ) ! w> & prey or hunt+ gods ( ! ,zuis1 "s ( :i* !y resemble4 ,9 t case ! holes1 ( :atev] k9d1 w\ld h giv5 a firm hold on ! ?ongs :i* b\nd ! arr[s to ! amulet1 a matt] ( importance 9 an irregul> figure4 8,^! p]=ations =m ! mo/ important feature4 ,! amulet may be b a simple b>1 b to ea* end ( ! base is a slop+ hole1 bor$ f ! end & base & meet+4 ,to ?is necess>y feature may be add$ a simple head or tail1 & !re may also be project+ e>s4 ,none ( ^! are ess5tial4 ,!y are b appropriate or ta/eful accessories4 8,two notable collections conta9 a l>ge numb] ( amulets4 ,9 ! ,canadian collection at ,toronto !re are ab\t fifty bird-amulets40 ,dr4 ,beau*amp m5tions ,mr4 ,d\glass's sev5ty specim5s 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory collection1 & also ref]s to ! r>ity ( b>-amulets 9 ,we/]n ,new ,york3-- 8,!y 7 v>iable 9 mat]ial z well z =m1 al?\gh mo/ commonly made ( /rip$ slate4 ,p]haps full half h project+ e>s1 :5 ( ! bird-=m4 ,9 ! wid] =ms1 usually ( h>d] mat]ials1 !re are (t5 cross-b>s on ! "u side1 9 :i* ! p]=ations are made4 ,occasionally ^! are n entirely enclos$1 yet are )\t signs ( breakage4 ,?is seems to prove t ^! 7 n int5d$ z means ( atta*+ !m to any l>g] object1 on :i* !y w\ld re/1 b r = fa/5+ articles ^u !m1 z 9 ! ,zui amulets already m5tion$1 & :i* 7 illu/rat$ by ,mr4 ,frank ,h4 ,cu%+1 9 ! ,second ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology4 ,on comp>ison a g5]al resemblance to ^! w be se51 & 9 a few cases x is q /rik+4 ,t !y 7 us$ 9 ?is way1 r ?an 9 ^? sugge/$ by o!rs1 is a reasonable conclusion :i* ga9s /r5g? ) full] /udy4 ,z a class !y belong to ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce bas940 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #daa4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,side view ( ,fig4 #daj4 ,mr4 ,g]>d ,f[ke & ,pr(essor ,david ,boyle %\ld be quot$ ^u ?is subject4 ,mr4 ,f[ke says3#e ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dab4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,rev4 ,william ,beau*amp's collection4 ,f ,mi*igan4 8,/one relics ( bird-=m are q common nor? ( ! ,ohio ,riv]1 b are exce$+ly r>e s\? ( t /ream4 ,he illu/rates ! same specim5 figur$ by ,dr4 ,wilson4 8,accord+ to ,gilman1#f ! bird-%ape /ones 7 worn on ! head by ! ,indian wom51 b only aft] m>riage4 ,abbott quotes ,colonel ,:ittlesey to ! effect t !y 7 worn by ,indian wom5 to d5ote pregnancy1 & f ,william ,p5n t :5 ! squaws 7 ready to m>ry !y wore some?+ on _! heads to indicate ! fact4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dac4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,peabody ,museum1 ,cambridge4 8,jones#g quotes f ,de ,bry t ! conjurors among ! ,virg9ia ,indians wore a small black bird above "o ( _! e>s z a badge ( (fice40 ,pr(essor ,boyle#h says3 8,al?\gh = conv5i5ce kn[n z bird-amulets--mo/ ( !m be+ app>5tly highly conv5tionaliz$ bird-=ms--n[ & aga9 "o sees specim5s t are n sugge/ive ( birds1 :atev] else !y may h be5 int5d$ to symbolize4 ,9 "s in/ances !re has n be5 any attempt to imitate eyes ev5 by means ( a depression1 b 9 ! majority ( cases ! eyes are enorm\sly exagg]at$1 & /& out l buttons on a %ort /alk1 fully half an in* beyond ! side ( ! head4 ,9 e f9i%$ specim5 ! hole is bor$ diagonally ?r\gh ! middle ( ea* end ( ! base1 upw>ds & d[nw>ds4 ,if m]ely = susp5sion :5 be+ c>ri$1 "o hole w\ld be suffici5t1 b ! probability is t ^! 7 int5d$ = fa/5+ ! #8amulets' to "s o!r object1 b :at1 or = :at purpose1 is n kn[n4 8,x has be5 sugge/$ t ^! articles 444 7 employ$ 9 play+ a game2 t !y are totems ( tribes or clans2 & t !y 7 talismans 9 "s way connect$ ) ! hunt = wat]f[l4 ,!y are1 at all ev5ts1 among ! mo/ curi\s & highly f9i%$ specim5s ( ,indian h&icraft 9 /one f\nd 9 ?is "p ( ,am]ica1 & ! collection ( !m 9 ! ,prov9cial ,ar*ological ,museum is said to be ! be/ t has be5 made40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dad4 7,s4 #c-h47 ,effigy ( a :ale4 ,&ov] collection4 ,?is /one 0 f\nd ne> ,fall ,riv]1 ,massa*usetts4 ,x appe>s to be an effigy ( a :ale4 ,numb]s ( rude effigies1 m or less :ale-l 9 "*1 are f\nd along ! ,atlantic seabo>d 9 ,connecticut & ,massa*usetts4 ,d\btless ! :ale w\ld excite wond] 9 ! m9ds ( aborig9es--h5ce ! effigies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dae4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,be> effigy4 ,f\nd ne> ! corn] ( ,essex & ,bo/on ,/reets1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #ahcj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #daf4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,gr\p ( v>i\s objects f ru9s ne> ,phnix1 ,arizona4 ,phillips ,academy collection4 ,pr(essor ,boyle speaks ( ! b>-amulet aft] treat+ ( bird-/ones1 b he does n class !m z ! same k9d ( c]emonials4 ,frank ,hamilton ,cu%+ illu/rat$ bird-/ones & flat tablets1 & he ?\ght ! bird-/ones 7 ti$ on flat tablets & ^! worn on ! head4 ,i incl9$ to t op9ion :5 ,i publi%$ 8,! ,bird-,/one ,c]emonial10 b n[ ,i d n believe ?is1 = ! reason t mo/ bird-/ones c\ld n be conv5i5tly ti$ to flat tablets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dag4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,phillips ,academy collection4 ,t !y are f\nd 9 regions :]e !re are _m m\nds us$ to be /at$1 b ?is is h>dly correct4 ,!y h nev] be5 f\nd 9 a m\nd1 & ,i d n "k ( an in/ance :]e !y h be5 f\nd 9 graves4 ,!y occur m 9 nor!rn ,ohio1 ,canada1 & ,new ,york ,/ate ?an else:]e except ,mi*igan & ,wiscons94 ,i firmly believe t !y 7 n made & us$ by m\nd-build+ tribes b ant$ate ! m\nd-build+ p]iod4 ,z to ! exact purpose ( ^! ?+s ,i leave o!rs to judge4 ,,animal ,,& ,,human ,,effigies ,!re are _m crude effigies1 _m grotesque sculptures f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!re are also /ones t are 9 ! bord]-l&s betwe5 highly develop$ problematical =ms & effigies4 ,fig4 #dac pres5ts a gr\p ( ^! f ! ,peabody ,museum at ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! upp] r[ appe>s to be :ale effigies4 ,9 ! l[] r[ are small /one b[ls or pa9t-cups4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dah4 7,s4 #a-b47 %[s f\r peculi> /ones f ! ,salt ,riv] ,valley1 ,arizona4 ,! "o 9 ! l[] left-h& corn] illu/rates an armadillo2 9 ! upp] "r-h& corn]1 an owl4 ,! o!rs are unkn[n effigies4 ,^! ,arizona specim5s are all ( volcanic tufa1 & are typical ( ! region4 ,l>ge numb]s 7 f\nd by ,mr4 ,cu%+ dur+ 8 explorations ( ! ru9s ( ! ,salt ,riv] ,valley1 & some?+ l a hundr$ 7 dug up by me = ,mr4 ,peabody :5 ,i visit$ ! region4 ,! purpose ( ^! is unkn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dai4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,front view ( ! 8,owl ,ornam5t10 f\nd 9 a grave at ,=t ,anci5t1 ,ohio1 #ahhb4 ,collection ( ! ,ohio ,/ate ,univ]sity4 ,"o ( ! fir/ specim5s collect$ by ,w4 ,k4 ,moorehead at ,=t ,anci5t4 ,mat]ial1 graphite slate4 ,few f9] problematical =ms h be5 f\nd4 ,!re are two grooves on ! face & back ( ?is object4 ,"o runs f ! top d[n ab\t an in* & "o half1 int]sect+ ! o!r4 ,9 ! angles =m$ by ^! two grooves are two p]=ations ext5d+ ?r\gh ! /one & drill$ f ea* side4 ,at ! bottom is an oval-%ap$ hole on ! face ext5d+ ?r\gh4 ,?is latt] p]=ation does n exhibit an oval %ape f ! re>1 b pres5ts a r\nd appe>ance4 ,ar\nd ?is oval-%ap$ depression are f\rte5 holes1 ea* drill$ ab\t "o eigh? ( an in* deep4 ,!y pres5t ! =m ( an arr[-head1 or a he>t4 ,on ! rev]se side are two holes above ! oval p]=ations :i* are n drill$ ?r\gh ! /one1 & :i* lie j "u ! horizontal groove4 ,! rem>kable "p ( ?is /one is t ! symbol1 ?ree1 occurs on x 9 ?ree places--on ! face twice & on ! rev]se once4 ,q a numb] ( ^! :ale & o!r effigies h be5 f\nd 9 ,new ,engl&2 b effigy-"w 9 /one1 ! mak+ ( art-=ms f life1 0 m g5]al 9 ! ,s\? & ,s\?we/ ?an 9 ,new ,engl&1 :]e1 inde$1 effigy animals are exce$+ly r>e4 ,fig4 #dae illu/rates an effigy ( a be>4 ,?is 0 f\nd 9 ,salem dur+ excavations = a cell> & is 9 ! ,peabody ,museum ( t city4 ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,dem+1 ,ft4 ,wayne1 ,indiana1 owns a peculi> effigy 9 /one ab\t six in*es 9 height4 ,j :at x repres5ts ,i am unable to /ate1 z ! anci5t workman's sculpture is crude4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbj4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,! 8,owl ,ornam5t10 re> view4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dba4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,salem collection4 ,?is %[s a groov$ b>-l object at ! bottom1 & a curi\s effigy p5dant above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbb4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,w4 ,e4 ,bryan's collection1 ,elmira1 ,new ,york4 ,fig4 #daf %[s a numb] ( sp9dle-:orls to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made else:]e4 ,^! are made ( clay1 h>d bak$4 ,9 ! l[] c5tre is a /one idol f\nd 9 a l>ge ru9 at ,mesa1 ,arizona4 ,x is made ( h>d r$/one4 ,!re is a little depression 9 ! top ( ! head half an in* 9 dep?4 ,ne> ! top is a curi\s animal effigy ) eight legs4 ,?is is made ( f9e-gra9$ lava & has a depression 9 ! c5tre ab\t "o & "o half in*es 9 diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbc4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,f a m\nd ne> ,s\? ,c>rollton1 ,k5tucky4 ,pres5t$ to ! ,phillips ,academy ,museum1 by ,f4 ,g4 ,hilman1 ,new ,b$=d1 ,massa*usetts4 ,fig4 #dag illu/rates two effigies1 full size1 ( black onyx1 ea* typify+ a bird4 ,^! are v f9ely c>v$ & 7 f\nd 9 s\!rn ,arizona 9 a ru91 by ! exp$ition s5t !re by ,mr4 ,r4 ,s4 ,peabody1 #ahig-ih4 ,! human =m 0 frequ5tly indicat$ 9 /one by ! ,indians4 ,^! sculptures range f v crude del9eations1 :i* ,i h n %[n1 to ! fir/ /eps 9 m ambiti\s "w1 su* z is exhibit$ 9 ,fig4 #dbb4 ,?is /one head 0 f\nd ne> ,elmira1 ,new ,york1 by ,mr4 ,w>d ,e4 ,bryan4 ,! orig9al 0 sev5 or eight in*es 9 l5g?4 ,x is cut out ( f9e-gra9$ s&/one4 ,on ! back are curi\s l9es & dots z %[n 9 ! figure4 ,! face %[n is mu* crud] ?an t 9 ,fig4 #dbc4 ,t face is ( ! peculi> type kn[n z 8,m\nd-,build]40 ,i h ref]r$ to ?is resemblance else:]e4 ,inspection ( ,fig4 #dii 9 ! pipe s]ies1 f\nd by ,pr(essor ,mills at ,ad5a1 9 ! ,scioto ,valley1 ,ohio1 & ( ! idol1 ,fig4 #dbf1 & "s ( ! effigy pott]y1 w acqua9t read]s ) ?is curi\s1 /rongly m>k$1 ,m\nd-,build] type ( feature4 ,o!r examples are to be se5 9 books treat+ ( ,am]ican ar*ology4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbd4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,an idol & ?ree flutes4 ,b4 ,h4 ,"y's collection4 ,! long flute at ! top is made ( slate4 ,! head is an imitation ( a s]p5t's head4 ,x has five holes regul>ly spac$4 ,x is evid5t t a small block ( wood 0 plac$ 9 ! m\? to less5 ! w9d space4 ,! c5tral "o is ( /one1 op5 at bo? ends1 ) f\r holes4 ,! smalle/ "o1 ( bone1 is op5 at bo? ends4 ,on ea* ( ^! in/rum5ts f sev5 to n9e diff]5t s\nds c be made4 ,! idol 0 f\nd 9 ,t5nessee1 ne> ! ,k5tucky l9e4 ,x is made ( d>k /eatite1 & is unique 9 repres5t+ ! full human =m4 ,! idol pres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #dbf is a rem>kable effigy4 ,n a few ( ^! h be5 f\nd ne> ! ,et[ah ,gr\p ( m\nds 9 ,georgia4 ,all su* idols h ei!r be5 f\nd 9 graves or on ! sites ( ,s\!rn villages1 :]e population 0 consid]able4 ,i nev] knew ( !m be+ f\nd 9 a m\nd1 al?\gh !re may h be5 su* discov]ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbe4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,b4 ,h4 ,"y's collection4 ,wood5 image f\nd _m ye>s ago 9 ,bell ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 ne> ,middlesboro1 9 a cave by a turkey-hunt]4 ,x is made ( yell[ p9e1 & is ( =m simil> to ! /one effigies f\nd 9 ,k5tucky4 ,! e>s are pi]c$ = e>-r+s1 & ! wri/s groov$ = bracelets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbf4 7,s4 ab\t #a-f47 ,f\nd 9 #ahhf ne> ! ,et[ah ,gr\p ( m\nds1 ,c>t]sville1 ,georgia4 ,mat]ial1 /eatite4 ,height1 #ba in*es4 ,weight1 #ef p\nds4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,gr\nd ,,/one ,,/one ,,pipes ,previ\s to ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 t /range cu/om ( smok+ 0 conf9$ to ! ,new ,_w natives4 ,!re h be5 "s vague ref]5ces to inhal+ ( smoke by o!r anci5t peoples else:]e 9 ! _w4 ,b ^! are /ill 9 ! realm ( d\bt4 ,c]ta9 x is t ! burn+ ( tobacco1 dri$ leaves1 b>k1 etc41 9 /one1 bone1 clay1 or copp] receptacles 0 n kn[n to any consid]able numb] ( m5 be=e ,columbus set out ^u 8 unc]ta9 voyage1 on an unkn[n sea4 ,!re is an ext5sive lit]ature deal+ ) pipes & smok+ cu/oms ( ,am]ica1 & x is un=tunate t ,i am unable to produce m ?an a portion ( :at has be5 said by ! e>ly travel]s1 & lat] s*ol>s & o!rs1 reg>d+ ?is peculi> cu/om4 ,h[ev]1 !re are two important publications accessible to all read]s4 ,! fir/ 0 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,joseph ,d4 ,mc,guire4#i ,mr4 ,mc,guire illu/rates 8 pap] ) two hundr$ & ?irty-"o figures & five plates4 ,! o!r pap] 0 writt5 by ,mr4 ,george ,a4 ,we/ & conta9s sev5te5 plates & two hundr$ & ?ree figures4#aj ,mr4 ,mc,guire made a /udy ( pipes & smok+ cu/oms ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,mr4 ,we/1 ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce bas9 & p>ticul>ly ,wiscons91 ,mi*igan1 ,m9nesota1 & ,canada4 ,^! two publications w give read]s abundant mat]ial = consid]ation1 & because ( _! excell5ce1 ,i h made ?is some:at l5g?y ref]5ce to !m4 ,9 addition to ! monographs cit$1 !re are num]\s %ort] articles scatt]$ ?r\gh\t v>i\s publications & reports4 ,^! w be f\nd if read]s ref] to ! ,bibliography4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages1 ,i foll[ ! classifications made by ,messrs4 ,mc,guire & ,we/ ) v few *anges4 ,^! mu/ bo? /& z ! be/ t h appe>$ on ! subject up to ! pres5t "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbg4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,/one pipe-b[l made ( catl9ite4 ,collection ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,toronto1 ,ont>io4 ,f\nd by ,h5ry ,montgom]y 9 a m\nd 9 we/]n ,manitoba4 ,s9ce ,mr4 ,mc,guire's pap] 0 publi%$ !re h be5 l>ge additions to pipe collections 9 ! museums & private collections4 ,z to ! numb] ( pipes 9 ! ,smi?sonian1 ,am]ican ,museum1 ,peabody ,museum1 & o!rs1 ,i d n "k1 b "o might v5ture ! op9ion t ea* ( ^! ?ree in/itutions h at ! lea/ fifte5 hundr$ or two ?\s& pipes scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! collections2 & ! small] museums 9 proportion4 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,c4 ,mills in=ms me t !re are two hundr$ & =ty pipes 9 ! exhibit "u 8 *>ge at ,columbus1 compris+ collections own$ by ! ,ohio ,/ate ,univ]sity & ! ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,society4 ,!y are divid$ z foll[s3 ,monitor1 tw5ty-eight2 effigy1 =ty2 tubul>1 tw5ty-f\r2 miscellane\s1 "o hundr$ & =ty-eight4 ,9 ! ,&ov] collection !re are ab\t "o hundr$ & sev5ty pipes4 ,!re are two l>ge private collections ( pipes 9 ,am]ica4 ,mr4 ,john ,a4 ,beck ( ,pittsburg owns ab\t eighte5 hundr$ pipes ( v>i\s k9ds f ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,mr4 ,george ,a4 ,we/ reports t !re are six hundr$ 9 8 possession4 ,pipes1 f _! v nature1 7 probably m highly priz$ among our aborig9es ?an any o!r articles4 ,! pipe 0 sacr$1 & x 0 n until ,europeans1 ) _! sup]ior civilization1 took up ! smok+ cu/om1 t x became a habit & totally lo/ its orig9al significance4 ,x is q likely t pipes 7 m g5]ally ex*ang$ among tribes ?an o!r artifacts4 ,possibly1 "o %\ld except copp]1 b ,i am n ev5 sure ( t4 ,we f9d ,nor!rn =ms ,s\?1 ,ea/]n types ,we/1 & a g5]al indication t aborig9al b>t] or trade 9 pipes 0 ext5sive4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbh4 7,s4 ab\t #a-b47 ,pipes f ,nor? ,dakota m\nds4 ,explorations ( ,h5ry ,montgom]y4 7a7 ,pipe-b[l ( catl9ite4 7b7 ,piece ( catl9ite pipe-b[l :i* _h be5 cut (f be=e burial4 7c7 ,catl9ite pipe1 #b in*es 9 l5g?4 7d7 ,l>ge b[l ( catl9ite pipe1 #aj in*es long2 f ,ramsey ,c\nty4 7e7 ,catl9ite pipe-b[l f\nd ) ! piece ( pipe %[n 9 7b74 7f7 ,pipe-b[l made f de] antl]2 l5g?1 ab\t #d in*es4 7g7 ,clay pipe1 b5t2 l5g?1 #e in*es2 f\nd 9 burial-pit 9 ,b5son ,c\nty4 7h7 ,catl9ite pipe-b[l1 #a in*es long4 7i7 ,/raight b[l ( clay pipe2 l5g?1 #b in*es2 f\nd 9 burial-pit 9 ,ramsey ,c\nty4 7,see ,fig4 #dbi47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbi4 7,s4 ab\t #a-b47 ,pipes f ,nor? ,dakota m\nds4 ,describ$ "u ,fig4 #dbh4 7,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 no4 #d1 plate #cc47 ,! ,classification ( ,pipes ,no "o save ,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,mc,guire has attempt$ to gr\p ^! objects4 ,9 8 classification1 ,mr4 ,mc,guire pres5t$ f\r plates 9 :i* he %[$ ! di/ribution ( fifte5 types ( pipes4 ,i h foll[$ 8 numb]s1 b in/ead ( pres5t+ a map1 h nam$ /ates or localities1 f :i* ^! 7 tak54 #a4 ,curv$-base m\nd pipe4 ,mississippi ,valley1 nor? ( ! ,ohio & we/ ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,also ! ,great ,lakes bas94 #b4 ,heavy bird or animal pipe4 ,s\? ( ! ,ohio & ea/ ( ! ,mississippi4 #c4 ,tubul> pipe4 ,ea/ ( ! ,mississippi1 & f c5tral ,ohio ea/4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & ! ,pacific ,coa/4 #d4 ,iroquoian clay pipe4 ,new ,engl& to ,new ,york2 ,ohio1 ,mi*igan1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia4 #e4 ,iroquoian grotesque bird-pipe4 ,! same region4 ,also ea/]n ,canada4 #f4 ,iroquoian rectangul> pipe4 ,ea/]n ,canada & ,new ,york4 #g4 ,disc or jew%>p pipe4 ,mississippi ,valley1 c5tral portion4 #h4 ,biconical pipe4 ,s\!rn ,mississippi ,valley1 ea/ ( ! ,mississippi & s\? ( ! ,ohio4 ,also ,ohio & ,mi*igan4 #i4 ,micmac1 keel-base pipes4 ,! ,/4 ,lawr5ce bas94 #aj4 ,si\an & catl9ite type4 ,! ,great ,pla9s4 #aa4 ,s\!rn m\nd type4 ,! ,s\?1 ea/ ( ! ,mississippi1 & nor? ( ,florida4 #ab4 ,pueblo pipes4 ,s\?we/4 #ac4 ,rectangul> pipes1 birds1 & animals on b[ls4 ,p5nsylvania & ,ohio4 #ad4 ,monitor pipe4 ,ohio & ,mississippi ,valley1 nor? ( ! m\? ( ! ,ohio1 & ,wiscons94 #ae4 ,b[l & vase-%ap$ pipes4 ,kansas & entire ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor? ( ,alabama & ,georgia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcj4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,e>!nw>e pipe4 ,f\nd ne> ,lake ,*ampla94 ,collection ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,v]mont4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dca4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,conoidal tube pipe4 ,collection ( ,g4 ,a4 ,we/1 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons94 ,%eboygan ,c\nty1 r$ catl9ite4 ,?is table w s]ve z a beg9n+1 b x is incomplete4 ,_m pipes ( ! types m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,mc,guire are f\nd 9 o!r sections ?an ^? nam$ by him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcb4 7,s4 a little ov] #a-c47 ,f\nd 9 a m\nd on ,long ,isl&1 ,t5nessee ,riv]1 ,jackson ,c\nty1 ,alabama4 ,collection ( ,j4 ,t4 ,re$]1 ,mi*igan4 ,! names ( "s pipes may n be famili> to all ( my read]s4 ,i !re=e repeat ,mr4 ,mc,guire's li/ ( fifte5 pipe-types1 & /ate opposite ea*1 ! numb]s ( figures illu/rat+ t p>ticul> type4 ,! fifte5 types ( pipes describ$ by ,mr4 ,mc,guire are illu/rat$ 9 ?is *apt] "u ! foll[+ figure numb]s3-- #a4 ,curv$-base m\nd pipe4 ,fig4 #deb4 #b4 ,heavy bird or animal pipe4 ,figs4 #dgg & #dha4 #c4 ,tubul> pipe4 ,figs4 #dbh & #ddf4 #d4 ,iroquoian clay pipe4 ,upp] specim51 ,fig4 #dfe4 #e4 ,iroquoian grotesque bird-pipe4 ,fig4 #dgj4 #f4 ,iroquoian rectangul> pipe4 ,c5tral specim51 ,fig4 #dfe4 #g4 ,disc or jew%>p pipe4 ,fig4 #ddg4 #h4 ,biconical pipe4 ,"r specim51 ,fig4 #dhi4 #i4 ,micmacs1 keel-base pipes4 ,"o 9 ,fig4 #dec2 left specim5 9 ,fig4 #dfd4 #aj4 ,si\an & catl9ite type4 ,fig4 #dcg4 #aa4 ,s\!rn m\nd type4 ,specim5 ,k 9 ,fig4 #dfc4 #ab4 ,pueblo pipes4 7,no figures pres5t$1 b !y resemble ^? 9 ,figs4 #dbh1 #ddf47 #ac4 ,rectangul> pipes1 birds & animals on b[ls4 ,fig4 #dif1 specim5 9 ! l[] left-h& corn]4 #ad4 ,monitor pipe4 ,figs4 #dea1 #ddi4 #ae4 ,b[l & vase-%ap$ pipes4 ,fig4 #deh1 c5tral specim51 ,fig4 #dfd4 ,c]ta9 areas are *>act]iz$ by p>ticul> =ms ( pipes1 & 9 regions :]e ! population 0 m d5se1 sev]al types ( pipes are usually f\nd1 ?us indicat+ t !y 7 tak5 f "o region to ano!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcc4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,collection ( ,s4 ,van ,r5ssela]1 ,new>k1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcd4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,pott]y pipes f ,simcoe & ,durham c\nties1 ,ont>io1 ,canada4 ,toronto ,univ]sity collection4 ,*>act]i/ic ( nor!rn c5tral ,ont>io4 ,"o fact /&s out prom95tly ) ref]5ce to ^! pipes1 & x is t any "o :o is famili> ) conditions "u :i* pipes are f\nd c di/+ui% ! prehi/oric f ! mod]n 9 mo/ in/ances4 ,( c\rse !re are exceptions4 ,_m mod]n pipes %[ ! m>ks ( /eel tools1 :]eas ! anci5t =ms d n4 ,c]ta9 specim5s appe> to ^? :o h done a great deal ( field "w z anci5t1 :]eas o!rs d n4 ,?is is n m]ely a matt] ( op9ion4 ,i h f\nd x v difficult1 dur+ my lifetime1 to make ^? obs]v]s :o h no intimate k ( field conditions realize ! importance ( ?is /atem5t4 ,!re is no conv5i5t =mula :]eby "o may expla9 to a skeptic1 h[ "o specim5 appe>s old & ano!r does n4 ,i %all consid] ?is subject at great] l5g? 9 ! ,conclusions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dce4 ,peculi> tube pipes4 ,collection ( ,g4 ,a4 ,we/1 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons94 ,tubul> & trumpet-l pipes are %[n 9 ,figs4 #dbg-bh1 & #dcj4 ,^! are consid]$ to be e>lie/ =ms4 ,m complicat$ tubes are obs]v$ 9 ,fig4 #dce4 ,mr4 ,we/ describ$ ^! 9 8 pap]1 previ\sly cit$4 ,v>i\s rem>ks (f]$ "h & !re on ! pages ( ?is *apt] may be tak5 to repres5t my conclusions z to pipes4 ,i h n (f]$ a summ>y at ! end ( ! *apt]1 pref]r+ to /ate p]t95t obs]vations1 sugge/$ by ! figures illu/rat+ pipes1 z !y occur4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcf4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,onyx pipe-b[l ) wood5 /em4 ,f cave-h\se ru9s 9 ,san ,juan ,c\nty1 ,utah1 ,febru>y1 #ahid4 ,! pipe lies aga9/ a fragm5t>y sk9 cov]+ or robe4 ,h5ry ,montgom]y1 ,toronto1 ,ont>io4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcg4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,dim9utive ,si\an pipes4 ,collection ( ,g4 ,a4 ,we/1 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons94 ,( ! fifte5 types nam$ by ,mr4 ,mc,guire1 ! tubul>1 rectangul>1 & slightly curv$ pipe 7( ! =ms %[n 9 ,fig4 #dcc71 are mo/ common & widespread 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z "s ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ,mr4 ,mc,guire's pap] 0 writt51 monitor pipes 9 numb]s h be5 report$ f ,wiscons91 ,ill9ois1 & ,indiana4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dch4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,peculi> /one pipe4 ,collection ( ,h4 ,m4 ,:elpley1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dci4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,vase-%ap$ pipe4 ,john ,web]'s collection4 8,f\nd by ,mr4 ,john ,web]1 9 ,kill>e1 ,juneau ,c\nty1 ,wiscons91 9 #ahie1 is ( a p9ki%-color$ /one1 & exhibits on its two opposite faces et*$ figures ( "s animal1 possibly a liz>d4 ,! figure is aft] a sket* furni%$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,elkey40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddj4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,d\ble conoidal pipe4 ,j4 ,p4 ,s*uma*]'s collection4 8,a v attractive example1 f ,br[n ,c\nty1 ,wiscons91 is ( d>k s&/one1 ne>ly #d in*es long1 #b in*es high1 #c in*es wide1 & oval 9 %ape ) a flat base4 ,its /em & b[l cavities are ea* fully an in* 9 diamet] at ! surface1 & are plac$ at "r angles to ea* o!r4 ,?is pipe 0 evid5tly peck$ into %ape1 bo? b[l & /em holes be+ made by ! same process40 ,! mod]n ,si\x1 ,ojibwa1 & ,w9nebago & o!r pipes betwe5 ! ye>s #agjj & #ahej are int]e/+ by way ( comp>ison4 ,mr4 ,we/#aa wrote a few p>agraphs conc]n+ !m1 :i* ,i quote4 8,no pipe 0 ev] reg>d$ by ! ,am]ican aborig9e ) great] rev]5ce & respect ?an ! calumet4 ,x 0 us$ 9 ! ratification ( treaties & alliances2 9 ! fri5dly reception ( /rang]s2 z a symbol 9 decl>+ w> or peace1 & af=d$ its be>] safe transport among savage tribes4 ,its acceptance sacr$ly seal$ ! t]ms ( peace1 & its refusal 0 reg>d$ z a rejection ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dda4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,black pott]y pipe4 ,collection ( ,g4 ,a4 ,we/1 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons94 8,?is is a type ( ,s\!rn m\nd pipe tak5 f a m\nd 9 ,pep9 ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,x is well temp]$ ) %ell1 conta9s eight knobs or c(fee-bean protub]ances ab\t ! b[l1 & ! /em is ornam5t$ on "o side by a zigzag l9e1 probably int5d$ to repres5t ! emblem ( lightn+4 ,?is pipe is #c in*es long1 & ! only "o ( its k9d s f> f\nd 9 ?is /ate40 8,calumets made ( /eatite1 lime/one1 s&/one1 & granite1 are (t5 f\nd1 b a l>ge majority ( !m are made ( catl9ite1 a compact clay slate1 nam$ aft] ,mr4 ,george ,catl91 :o liv$ = _m ye>s among ! ,indians1 & to :om great cr$it is due = 8 _m portraits & o!r pa9t+s true to aborig9al life4 ,! color ( catl9ite is usually *]ry r$1 (t5 mottl$ & %ad+ into a%1 grey1 or black4 ,?is mat]ial 0 qu>ri$ by ! ,indians 9 sev]al places 9 ,m9nesota1 ,i[a1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,miss\ri1 & 9 ,b>ron ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,specim5s ( #8pipe/one' are sometimes secur$ f ! glacial drift4 ,pipes ( catl9ite are n necess>ily ( mod]n make4 ,examples h be5 f\nd1 ov] a wide area1 9 ,indian m\nds & graves4 ,9 #ahhj a brok5 pipe ( ?is mat]ial 0 f\nd by ,ole ,rasmuss51 9 ! t[n ( ,f>m+ton1 ,waupaca ,c\nty1 :ile digg+ a well1 eighte5 or tw5ty feet bel[ ! surface4 ,! mat]ial has be5 kn[n1 "u diff]5t names1 ev] s9ce ! ,discov]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddb4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,a pipe ( b&$ slate f ! collection ( ,alb]t ,l4 ,addis1 ,albion1 ,indiana4 ,pipes ( slate are n want+1 & !y are usually ei!r r\nd$ or angul>4 ,x is seldom t ! b&$ slate is work$ into pipe effigies4 8,catl91 :o 9 #ahce visit$ ! pipe/one qu>ries ( ,m9nesota1 _h previ\sly f\nd catl9ite #89 ! h&s ( ! savages ( e tribe1 & ne>ly e individual 9 ! tribe has 8 pipe made ( x4' ,aft] a visit to ! fam\s qu>ries1 ,catl9 concludes z foll[s3 #8,f ! v num]\s m>ks ( anci5t & mod]n digg+s or excavations1 x w\ld appe> t ?is place has be5 = _m c5turies resort$ to = ! r$/one2 & f ! great numb] ( graves & rema9s ( anci5t =tifications 9 its vic9ity1 x w\ld seem1 z well z f _! actual traditions1 t ! ,indians h long held ?is place 9 high sup]/iti\s e/imation2 also x has be5 ! resort ( diff]5t tribes :o h made _! regul> pilgrimages "h to r5ew _! pipes4'0#ab ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddc4 7,s4 #d-e47 ,h&l$ disc pipe4 ,collection ( ,g4 ,a4 ,we/1 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons94 ,a r>e old specim5 f\nd 9 a m\nd ne> ,delavan1 ,walwor? ,c\nty1 ,wiscons91 ( gre5i%-color$ lime/one1 ! color probably due to copp] /a9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddd4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,type ( monitor pipe4 ,collection ( ,g4 ,a4 ,we/1 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons94 8,f\nd ne> ,buffalo ,creek1 ,nelson ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia2 ( d>k s*i/1 is #e in*es long4 ,x has an alate /em1 runn+ ! l5g? ( ! c5tre ( :i* is a pron\nc$ ridge4 ,! l>ge/ specim5 ( ?is type s f> enc\nt]$ is probably a #8,great ,pipe1' hav+ a b[l #h in*es long1 be+ upw>d ( #ag in*es 9 total l5g?1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 a m\nd 9 ,m>ion ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dde4 7,s4 #d-e47 ,%ort-base monitor pipe4 ,collection ( ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell4 ,?is specim5 0 8f\nd 9 ! t[n ( ,aurora1 ,m>quette ,c\nty1 ,wiscons91 is ( drab slate1 #b in*es long1 ! end brok5 away1 base r\nd$1 & is ornam5t$ ne> ! /em end on ea* side by ?ree deep grooves4 ,a second example ( ! same %ape 9 ,g4 ,a4 ,we/'s collection1 f\nd by ,mr4 ,augu/ ,b>tle1 9 ! t[n ( ,scott1 ,%eboygan ,c\nty1 ,wiscons91 9 #aija1 is ( drab /eatite4 ,! top ( its b[l is ornam5t$ by f\r sets ( cross-l9es1 ( ?ree l9es ea*4 ,! b[l cavities 9 ea* pipe are irregul>ly conical 9 %ape40 ,9 ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee1 z well z s\!rn ,ohio1 :]e ! population 0 d5se1 !re are examples ( ne>ly all ! pipes except ! ,iroquois & ! catl9ite4 ,! few ( ^! f\nd 9 t region mu/ be set d[n z /rays4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddf4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,five tubul> pipes1 f ! collection ( ,james ,a4 ,b>r1 ,/ockton1 ,cali=nia4 ,! /udy ( sev]al specim5s illu/rat$ by bo? ,mc,guire & ,we/ & ! comp>ison ( ! fifte5 figures pres5t$ 9 8,! ,/one ,age0 w acqua9t read]s ) ! di/ribution ( =ms & types4 ,! /rik+ ?+ 9 all ?is1 & x may be v]ifi$ by inspection ( any l>ge m\nd collection1 is t ! types %[n 9 ,figs4 #dce1 #dcg1 #dci1 & #dfe are usually surface f9ds & may be di/+ui%$ f specim5s f\nd 9 m\nds & f v>i\s village-sites4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddg4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,h&l$ disc pipe4 ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton's collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddh4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,collection ( ,leslie ,w4 ,hills1 ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 ,f ,kosciusko ,c\nty1 ,indiana4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddi4 7,s4 #b-e47 ,/raight-base monitor pipe1 ,logan collection1 ,beloit ,college4 8,x 0 pl\gh$ up 9 an e>ly day by ,mr4 ,l4 ,craigs1 on ,section #cj1 ,eagle ,t[n%ip1 ,ri*l& ,c\nty1 is ( drab /eatite & f9ely poli%$4 ,x is #i in*es long1 #b in*es wide at ! base1 #c in*es across ! flange ( ! b[l1 ) ! b[l cavity in* 9 its greate/ diamet]1 & made ) a tubul> drill4 ,?is is c]ta9ly "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( ! /raight-base monitor pipe z yet f\nd 9 ,wiscons940 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dej4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,?is figure %[s ! top view ( pipe %[n 9 ,fig4 #dea1 & is f ! collection ( ,alb]t ,l4 ,addis1 ,albion1 ,indiana4 ,f\nd 9 nor!rn ,indiana4 ,mr4 ,we/ has k9dly p]mitt$ me to reproduce portions ( 8 valuable pap] on pipes1 & ,i am sorry t space is insuffici5t to quote 8 descriptions ( ! num]\s figures he has loan$ me4 ,ref]r+ aga9 to ! ,si\an pipes 7,fig4 #dcg71 x requires no skill to di/+ui% ^! mod]n =ms f ! m anci5t4 ,_m ( ! pipes %[n 9 t figure w apply to o!r liv+ tribes z well z ! ,si\x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dea4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,collection ( ,a4 ,l4 ,addis1 ,albion1 ,indiana4 ,"o may suppose t ! tubul> pipe soon develop$ into o!r =ms4 ,t is1 ( c\rse1 tak+ x = grant$ t ! tubul> pipe is ! fir/ =m4 ,modifications ( ! tube t5d+ t[>d ! rectangul> are (t5 met )1 :i* seems to be> out ?is !ory4 ,be t z x may1 we h 9 ,fig4 #dch a pipe f ,dr4 ,:elpley's collection1 oval 9 outl9e1 curi\sly ornam5t$ ) circul> depressions1 & :i* is h>dly ( ! tubul> class1 b seems to be a modification ( ! same4 ,in/ead ( be+ p]=at$ ?r\gh its long diamet]1 ! b[l is ab\t an in* f ! broad end4 ,su* a pipe z ?is is ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,x w be se5 f an inspection ( ei!r ,mr4 ,we/'s or ,mr4 ,mc,guire's pap]s1 z well z ?r\gh a /udy ( any museum collection1 or ( ! v>i\s figures pres5t$ 9 ?is section1 t pipes on :i* !re are c>v+s or decorations1 or pipes made 9 imitation ( life-figures1 are q z frequ5tly f\nd z pla9 & unornam5t$ pipes4 ,:y s mu* skill %\ld be employ$ on ^! pipes1 :]eas ! flat surfaces ( slate gorgets & ornam5ts c\ld h be5 m easily decorat$1 is a problem4 ,?is may1 h[ev]1 be acc\nt$ = by ! sacr$ significance accord$ to ! pipe by ! savage1 = x 0 us$ 9 all c]emonial p]=mances1 9 ! decl>ation ( w> & peace1 & 0 among 8 mo/ treasur$ possessions4 ,x is v seldom t we f9d m>k+s or trac+s on any ( ^! /one gorgets or c]emonial =ms1 yet on ! pipes1 z rem>k$ above1 ornam5tation is ! rule4 ,all ( ?is is significant to me1 & ,i ?9k t subsequ5tly we %all be able to draw "s valuable lessons f ?is peculi>ity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #deb4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,l>ge1 plat=m pipe f a burial4 ,l5g?1 #e in*es4 ,w4 ,c4 ,mills's explorations4 ,! ,nor!rn pipes1 ! pipes f ! c\ntry we/ ( ! ,mississippi1 except+ ( c\rse ! calumets1 appe> to be small] z a rule ?an ! ,s\!rn pipes1 or ! m\nd pipes4 ,"o might say t _m ( ^! 7 individual & sometimes emblematic pipes r ?an c\ncil pipes4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 n be =gott5 t ) ! ,indians ( ! ,great ,lakes region especially1 all significance 0 atta*$ to ! /em & its ornam5tation r ?an to ! b[l4 ,fig4 #dcg %[s ! well-kn[n ,si\an types ( pipes ( t p f ! "t ( _! migration to :at is n[ kn[n z ,wiscons94 ,x is !re=e possible t "s ( ! pipes ( ?is place are sev]al c5turies old1 :ile o!rs are di/9ctly ( mod]n make4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dec4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,collection ( ,leslie ,w4 ,hills1 ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ded4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,?is is a /raight-base monitor pipe f ! collection ( ,george ,a4 ,we/4 ,x is made ( gre5i% /eatite & 0 f\nd 9 ,milwaukee ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,x is a beautiful specim54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dee4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,collection ( ,george ,little1 ,x5ia1 ,ohio4 ,!re has be5 "s discussion z to ! "p play$ by catl9ite 9 aborig9al trade or ex*ange4 ,catl9ite does n appe> to be z old z o!r /ones4 ,x has be5 my !ory t ! catl9ite qu>ry 0 ( rec5t discov]y4 ,by rec5t1 ,i mean )9 two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s or less4 ,catl9ite pipes are frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! m\nds & graves ( ,wiscons91 b n 9 ^? ( ! ,s\? 9 any consid]able numb]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #def4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,collection ( ,h4 ,e4 ,t[ns1 ,fond du ,lac1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #deg4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,?is pipe 0 pl\gh$ up five miles ea/ ( ,delaw>e1 ,ohio4 ,collection ( ,frank ,l4 ,grove1 ,delaw>e1 ,ohio4 ,9 fact _! occurr5ce !re is v r>e1 yet !y are f\nd 9 great numb]s 9 mod]n graves1 9 village-sites :]e tribes h liv$ 9 ! hi/oric p]iod4 ,?is 9 itself is significant4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #deh4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,f\nd ab\t f\r miles nor? ( ,pi]ceton1 ,indiana4 ,collection ( ,w4 ,f4 ,mat*ett1 ,pi]ceton1 ,indiana4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dei4 7,s4 #a-e47 ,univ]sity ( ,v]mont collection4 ,fig4 #ddf %[s five tubul> pipes f ,cali=nia1 collection ( ,pr(essor ,james ,a4 ,b>r4 ,^! are all specializ$ =ms1 & some:at diff]5t 9 ! me?od ( treatm5t1 be+ highly poli%$ & ornam5t$ by r+s c>v$ 9 relief4 ,! disc pipe is plac$ 9 a class by itself by ,mr4 ,mc,guire4 ,we h six ( ^! at ,&ov]1 all f graves at ! m\? ( ! ,waba%1 s\!rn ,indiana4 ,"o ( ^! is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ddg4 ,mr4 ,we/ rem>ks z foll[s reg>d+ ?is type ( pipe3-- 8,! disc pipe1 9 ! writ]'s op9ion1 is an old type1 & 0 9 use by ! aborig9es ( ?is c\ntry long be=e ! com+ ( ! :ites4 ,au?orities1 h[ev]1 diff] z to ?is conclusion4 ,g5]al ,gates ,p4 ,?ru/on sugge/s t ! /em holes ( ! disc pipe be+ funnel-%ap$1 x may safely be reg>d$ z an old type4 8,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,mc,guire writes3 #8,! %ape is s sugge/ive ( ! jew%>p1 an in/rum5t us$ ext5sively 9 trade ) ! ,indians1 z to indicate t ! pipe itself is model$ aft] ! =m ( ?is primitive musical in/rum5t1 ev5 ?\gh ! file m>ks1 s common on _m ( ! pipes1 are abs5t f ^? com+ "u ! writ]'s obs]vation4' ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfj4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,collection ( ,l4 ,w4 ,hills1 ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 8,a c>eful /udy ( ! sev]al =ms ( ?is type conv9ces ! au?or t x 0 n model$ aft] ! jew%>p4 ,( ! tw5ty-eight examples 9 ! au?or's collection1 :5 exam9$ ) a p[]ful glass1 all exhibit$ innum]able m>ks & scrat*es1 t c\ld h be5 made by ! use ( a piece ( s&/one or flake ( fl9t4 ,9 no case 7 file m>ks f\nd4 8,mr4 ,mc,guire /ates3 #8,f9d+ !m ( catl9ite s f> f ! qu>ries w\ld indicate t !y are ( no great age4' ,if ,mr4 ,mc,guire's conclusion is correct1 aborig9al b>t] & trade c\ld n h be5 c>ri$ on betwe5 di/ant tribes until )9 a comp>atively rec5t date1 an abundance ( evid5ce to ! contr>y not)/&+40#ac ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfa4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,turtle pipe f\nd at ,pi]ceton1 ,indiana4 ,front view4 ,collection ( ,w4 ,d4 ,mat*ett1 ,peirceton1 ,indiana4 8,fig4 #ddg1 f\nd at ,baldw9's ,mills1 ,waupaca ,c\nty1 ! l>ge/ h&l$ disc pipe s f> f\nd 9 ,wiscons91 is ( beautiful d>k r$ catl9ite ) p9k flecks4 ,its b[l is five in*es long1 t]m9at+ 9 a h&le %ap$ l ! blade ( a hat*et1 ) :at w\ld be ! cutt+ edge ornam5t$ ) ?ree not*es4 ,! disc is #c in*es wide & s ?9 t ! di/ance ?r\gh f ! face ( ! disk to ! out] side ( ! b[l is b ?ree f\r?s ( an in*4 ,! /em hole has ! *>act]i/ic curve & its int]ior is nicely poli%$4 ,bo? /em & b[l holes appe> to h be5 />t$ ) a /one drill & enl>g$ ) a wood5 drill us$ 9 conjunction ) s&4 ,"u a glass ?is specim5 %[s innum]able scrat*es1 b none ( ^! appe> to h be5 made by ! use ( metal tools4 ,! same c be said ( elev5 h&l$ disc pipes 9 ! au?or's collection40 ,mr4 ,we/ has a record ( "o hundr$ & f\r disc pipes f\nd 9 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfb4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,re> view ( ,fig4 #dfa4 ,! fact t ^! disc pipes are frequ5tly made ( catl9ite leads me to believe t !y are n z old z o!r =ms2 yet !re seems to be no evid5ce ( _! use aft] ! adv5t ( :ite man4 ,! pipe ) ! curv$ base & monitor pipes are closely relat$4 ,^! are f\nd ?r\gh\t ! entire ,mississippi ,valley1 & are especially num]\s 9 ,ill9ois1 to ,we/ ,virg9ia & f s\!rn ,wiscons9 to s\!rn ,t5nessee4 ,_m beautiful specim5s h be5 tak5 f m\nds & graves1 p>ticul>ly f ! m\nds4 ,9 ,figs4 #ddi-ec1 ,i %[ five ( ^!4 ,p]haps ! mo/ beautiful ones h be5 f\nd 9 ! m\nds ( ! ,scioto ,valley1 ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfc4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,gr\p ( pipes f v>i\s localities 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley4 7a7 ,scioto ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 7b7 ,ross ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 7c7 ,pipe made f a :ale's too?1 ,alaska4 7d7 ,scioto ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 7e7 ,miami ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 7f7 ,scioto ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 7g7 ,scioto ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 7h7 ,waba% ,cemet]y1 ,indiana4 7i7 ,hancock ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 7j7 ,silv] ,creek1 ,morgant[n1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 7k7 ,grovet[n1 ,georgia4 ,j h[ ?is peculi> =m orig9at$1 no man may "k4 ,x 0 ! favorite among ! prehi/oric peoples4 ,a few examples f\nd 9 use among hi/oric tribes are v poor imitations ( ! old =ms1 & _c comp>e 9 workman%ip & beauty ( f9i% ) su* z are remov$ f ! m\nds ( ! ,middle ,we/ & ! ,s\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfd4 ,?ree pipe-b[ls4 ,collection ( ,h5ry ,montgom]y1 ,toronto1 ,ont>io4 ,left4 ,pipe-b[l made ( s&/one4 ,f ne> ,toronto1 ,ont>io1 ,canada4 ,l5g?1 #b in*es4 ,c5tre4 ,pipe-b[l made ( lime/one4 ,f ,m>kham1 ,ont>io4 ,l5g?1 #c in*es4 ,"r4 ,pipe-b[l made ( :ite qu>tzite4 ,f\nd by ,h5ry ,montgom]y 9 ,simcoe ,c\nty1 ,ont>io4 ,ab\t "o ?ird actual size4 ,beg9n+ ) ,fig4 #ddi & cont9u+ to ,fig4 #dec1 & f ,fig4 #dga ?r\gh ,fig4 #ejj1 ,i pres5t a s]ies ( pipes1 all ( :i* are decorat$ ei!r by incis$ l9es or by lik5esses ( animals1 birds1 or human be+s1 c>v$ 9 relief4 ,^! may be tak5 z typical ( any l>ge s]ies ( pipes 9 a public museum1 & repres5t ! height ( pipe-mak+ art4 ,z previ\sly rem>k$1 ! decoration seems to be ! ess5tial ?+ 9 pipes4 ,! idea ( ! mak] 0 to portray some?+ on ! pipe or to h ! pipe /& = m ?an a m]e receptacle 9 :i* tobacco 0 smok$4 ,no o!r conclusion is possible :5 we consid] ! high p]c5tage ( decorat$ & ornam5t$ pipes1 & ! surpris+ numb] ( pipes work$ into effigies4 ,fig4 #dfi is a v clumsy pipe at be/1 & ! decorations on x may n indicate age4 ,examples su* z ?is are n want+1 & !re are a great _m 9 collections4 ,contra/$ ) ?is r\gh specim5 is ,fig4 #dee1 :i* is also decorat$ b is work$ less crudely4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfe4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,collection ( ! ,buffalo ,society ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 ,buffalo1 ,new ,york4 ,typical ,iroquois pipes4 ,^! are f9e examples ( ,iroquois art & 7 f\nd 9 we/]n ,new ,york1 :]e ! ,iroquois culture 0 high4 ,f graves at ,gr& ,isl&1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dff4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,f a /one grave1 ,w(=d ,f>m1 ,hurricane ,mills1 ,humphrey ,c\nty1 ,t5nessee4 ,mat]ial3 r$ & br[n clay4 ,collection ( ,j4 ,t4 ,re$]1 ,h\ghton1 ,mi*igan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfg4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,gre5/one pipe f\nd 9 ,t5nessee4 ,app>5tly an ,iroquois type ( pipe4 ,?is is a r>e =m4 ,f ! collection ( ,w4 ,b4 ,rhodes1 ,danville1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfh4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum collection1 ,albany1 ,new ,york4 ,human effigy & human bird-pipes f ,iroquois sites 9 nor?we/]n ,new ,york4 ,bo? ( ^! sculptures are unusually f9e examples ( art 9 pipe-work+1 = ! great] "p ( ,iroquois pipes are pla9]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfi4 ,pott]y pipe ) human face2 ! /em "p brok5 (f4 ,simcoe ,c\nty1 ,ont>io1 ,canada4 ,toronto ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,! human sculpture ( ! prie/ on ! alt> at ,pal5que1 s frequ5tly illu/rat$1 illu/rates an individual ei!r bl[+ or draw+ smoke ?r\gh a tube4 ,! tube is ornam5t$ ) b&s1 & appe>s to be l>g] at "o end4 ,x is a /raight & n a curv$ pipe4 ,i h always ?\ght t ?is int]e/+ figure f anci5t ,pal5que typifi$ :at ! pipe meant to ! m cultur$ ,am]ican tribes4 ,!re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! use ( ! pipe z portray$ 9 t sculpture1 & ! deg5]ation ( ! smok+ c]emony z x appe>s to-day among mod]n tribes4 ,we h 9 ?is figure ! anci5t %aman 9 full regalia2 ! elaboration ) :i* ! slab is wr\ght1 & ! fact t x 0 "p ( ! sacr$ alt> at ,pal5que1 are significant4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgj4 ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum collection1 ,albany1 ,new ,york4 ,! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum conta9s _m f9e specim5s ( e>ly ,iroquois make4 ,! upp] figure to ! "r1 ) long /em1 is gracefully curv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dga4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,collection ( ,leslie ,w4 ,hills1 ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 ,?is is ! =m ( bird effigy mo/ frequ5tly f\nd4 ,t is1 x is n common1 b m ( ?is type are f\nd 9 ! ,m\nd-,build] c\ntry ?an o!r bird-=ms4 ,we h no su* sculptures 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley1 b we h alt> m\nds 9 :i* effigy & monitor pipes 7 buri$4 ,i h nev] f\nd a crude pipe 9 an alt> m\nd & ,i d n ?9k t ei!r ,squi] & ,davis or ,pr(essor ,mills ev] f\nd an example ( crude art 9 an alt> m\nd4 ,?is ref]s to orig9al int]m5ts1 on ! base-l9e--n to intrusive burials4 ,ev]y?+ indicates t ! pipes 9 use 9 pre-,columbian times 7 ( two k9ds1 ! small1 individual pipes1 & ! l>ge c\ncil pipes1 or ^? made use ( at important functions ei!r religi\s or tribal1 be+ *>act]i/ic4 ,i h nev] obs]v$ ! m>k ( any /eel or iron tool on a m\nd pipe 9 ! ,ohio ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgb4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,?is =m ( pipe is r>e 9 ,wiscons94 ,b a few m\?-pipes ) curv$ bases h be5 f\nd 9 ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce region4 ,x may h be5 obta9$ by trade 9 ! ,s\?4 ,collection ( ,j4 ,g4 ,pickett4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgc4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,collection ( ,a4 ,j4 ,p[]s1 ,mt4 ,v]non1 ,i[a4 ,eagle pipe1 ,georgia4 ,?is rem>kable pipe has be5 describ$ sev]al times 9 v>i\s publications4 ,x is a beautiful specim54 ,:e!r smok+ 0 discov]$ ?r\gh accid5t1 or develop$ f ! use ( ! /raight tube 9 ! h&s ( ! prie/s1 is some?+ we may nev] be able to det]m9e ) accuracy4 ,:ile ! effigy pipes requir$ p>ticul> skill 9 _! manufacture1 yet "s ( ! tubul>1 rectangul>1 & disc pipes1 al?\gh unornam5t$1 are wr\ght skillfully & br\ght to a high f9i%1 & ! surfaces poli%$ until almo/ z smoo? z glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgd4 ,collection ( ,leslie ,w4 ,hills1 ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 ,a gr\p ( beautiful m\nd pipes f ,indiana1 ,k5tucky1 & ,t5nessee4 ,none ( ^! c be consid]$ mod]n4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght t a c>eful catalogue ( all pipes 9 our l>ge museums1 ) a detail$ /atem5t z to :]e ea* 0 f\nd1 w\ld be ( great value1 & enable u to prep>e accurate tables z to ^! & _! significance & age4 ,9 ?is connection x is to be regrett$ t great] c>e has n be5 at all times ex]cis$ 9 secur+ complete data relative to aborig9al pipes & o!r artifacts deposit$ 9 museums & private collections1 = )\t ?is a specim5 h[ev] int]e/+ is ( little value 9 solv+ ar*ological problems4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgd ,a4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,front & re> view ( pipe f ,trigg ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky4 ,h>d1 compact1 d>k r$di% /one4 ,b4 ,h4 ,"y's collection4 ,! bird seems to h be5 ! favorite sculpture1 yet !re are frequ5t portrayals ( ! frog4 ,i pres5t ?ree ( !m1 all ( s&/one1 9 ,figs4 #dhe & #dhf1 & a beautiful "o1 full size1 9 a photogravure plate1 ,fig4 #ejj1 f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,p4 ,graves1 ,doe ,run1 ,miss\ri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dge4 7,s4 ab\t #a-a47 ,slate pipe1 bird effigy4 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,nellie ,g[?rop1 ,camd51 ,mi*igan4 ,among ! ,ojibwa ,indians1 dur+ ! summ] ( #aiji1 ,i obs]v$ a numb] ( /one pipes 9 use4 ,an excell5t opportunity 0 af=d$ to /udy su* among ^! ,indians1 z ,i 0 on ,:ite ,e>? ,res]vation1 ,m9nesota1 = sev5te5 weeks1 & came 9 contact ) all ! full blood ,indians & _m ( ! mix$ bloods4 ,be+ frequ5tly 9 c\ncil ) ^! ,indians1 ,i obs]v$ _! pipes ) "s c>e4 ,except rectangul> pipes ( ,si\an types1 :i* 7 inlaid ) lead or silv]1 mo/ ( ! pipes 7 exce$+ly crude & f> inf]ior 9 e way to ! anci5t =ms4 ,few ,indians own$ inlaid pipes4 ,! major "p ( all ! pipes ,i obs]v$ 7 common egg-%ap$ b[ls )\t /em :i* 7 fitt$ ) ! common cane or wood5 /em1 su* z are sold 9 /ores at a p5ny ea*4 ,o!rs 7 rectangul> & unornam5t$4 ,two 9 use by old m$ic9e-m51 "o smok$ by a ,cree woman1 & sev]al o!rs 7 pur*as$ by me & plac$ 9 ! ,&ov] collection4 ,z ^! ,ojibwa are all 9 possession ( /eel tools1 "o w\ld suppose t _! pipes w\ld be well made4 ,b on ! contr>y1 ! art ( mak+ pipes has deg5]at$ among !m4 ,:ile !re are tubul> pipes 9 ,cali=nia1 !y d n occur 9 great numb]s1 &1 z has be5 rem>k$1 o!r types ( pipes are ei!r v sc>ce or entirely abs5t4 ,x seems to me t among our ,am]ican aborig9es ! f9e/ art exi/$ previ\s to contact ) ,european civilization4 ,! f9e/ sculptures on exhibition 9 our museums come f sites :i* appe> to be prehi/oric4 ,to him :o is skeptical & does n believe ^! /atem5ts1 ,i sugge/ t he inspect mod]n ,iroquoian1 ,si\an1 ,ojibwa1 & ,*]okee pipes1 & comp>e !m ) ! anci5t =ms su* z h be5 tak5 f m\nds & graves 9 s\!rn ,ohio1 ,k5tucky1 & ,t5nessee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgf4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,collection ( ,j4 ,t4 ,re$]1 ,h\ghton1 ,mi*igan4 ,locality1 ,t5nessee4 ,mat]ials3 soap/one1 slate1 & qu>tz4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgf ,a4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,collection ( ,j4 ,t4 ,re$]1 ,h\ghton1 ,mi*igan4 ,locality1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,mat]ial1 soap/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgf ,b4 7,s4 #c-d47 ,/eatite1 ,b>b\r ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky4 ,f a m\nd on ,/on]'s ,creek4 ,b4 ,h4 ,"y's collection1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgf ,c4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,?is beautiful little pipe is ( a type occasionally f\nd 9 ,p5nsylvania & ! ,c>ol9as4 ,x may n be prehi/oric4 ,at any rate1 x is an int]e/+ specim54 ,collection ( ,dudley ,a4 ,m>t91 ,duboi/[n1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,mo/ ( ^! tubul> pipes are mu* l>g] at "o end ?an ! o!r1 correspond+ to ! b[l1 :i* is m highly develop$ 9 lat] =ms4 ,!re is "o 9 ! ,&ov] collection t 0 obta9$ f ! ,hupa ,indians ( ,cali=nia ab\t fifty ye>s ago by an e>ly settl]4 ,! /em is r\nd1 made ( r$wood1 & a /one r+ surr\nds ! b[l4 ,! tobacco w\ld ( necessity h to be pack$ tightly :5 "o smok$ su* a pipe1 unless1 z has be5 report$1 ! smok] lay ^u 8 back4 ,fig4 #deg is a r\ghly outl9$ & unf9i%$ effigy pipe1 :i* :5 complete 0 int5d$ to repres5t ! head ( "s animal4 ,9 ?is we h evid5ce ( ! me?od ( "w on ! "p ( ! mak]4 ,in/ead ( ! h&-hamm] x w\ld appe> t a cutt+-tool _h be5 us$4 ,he _h begun to rim out ! b[l on ! top ( ! head1 b ! /em hole is n yet 9 evid5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgg4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,eagle pipe4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore4 ,a sup]b pipe ( lime/one repres5t+ an eagle4 8,?is pipe1 #d4f in*es 9 l5g?1 c>v$ ) great _s1 is a wor?y exempl> ( ! prehi/oric art ( ,m\ndville4 ,! bird is repres5t$ on its back1 ! head swung ar\nd to "o side ) ! beak op5 & tongue ext5d$4 ,incid5tally1 x may be said t ! #8hump' %[n on ! tongue by ! native arti/1 ?\gh some:at exagg]at$1 is n imag9>y1 z may be prov$ ^u exam9ation ( an eagle4 ,x may be t ?is pipe1 %[+ z x does ! eagle ly+ on its back1 its legs & claws on ! belly1 repres5ts ! dead bird4 ,by pull+ out ! tongue ( a dead eagle "o w\ld be c]ta9 to notice ! #8hump'2 h5ce ! exam9ation ( a dead bird w\ld h suffic$ s f> z correct r5d]+ on ! pipe 0 conc]n$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! #8hump' on ! tongue is pla9ly %[n on pott]y f ,m\ndville1 :]e ! eagle's head is erect & ! bird is evid5tly repres5t$ z alive40 ,x is 9 ! effigy pipes !mselves z a class t we see ! greate/ skill & c>e manife/$ 9 ! manufacture ( ^! /range objects4 ,?is does n1 h[ev]1 mean t all effigy pipes are models ( ! c>v]'s art1 z _m ( !m %[ poor workman%ip4 ,9 o!r words1 ! art 9 pipes is no exception to ! rule ( art else:]e4 ,!re 7 ^? :o und]/ood _! bus9ess & produc$ ma/]pieces1 & !re 7 ^? :o produc$ j ! opposite4 ,!re may be a totally diff]5t me?od ( treatm5t 9 repres5t+ ! same creature1 z = in/ance ,figs4 #dfh & #dgj %[+ ! ,iroquois treatm5t ( human & bird =ms 9 life2 & ! ,s\!rn ,m\nd-,build]1 ,figs4 #dgc1 #dgd ,a1 #dii1 illu/rat+ birds & m54 ,! ,iroquois & ! ,pla9s tribes made pipes m ne>ly l our mod]n pipes ( to-day4 ,! b[l 0 r\nd or angul>1 & ! /em long & tap]+1 or angul>4 ,excell5t examples f ! ,buffalo collection are %[n 9 ,fig4 #dfe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgg ,a4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,eagle pipe4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore4 8,sev]al exp]ts :o h *>ge ( eagles 9 captivity in=m u t "u c]ta9 circum/ances ! #8hump' on ! tongue is visible on ! liv+ bird4 ,possibly ! aborig9al arti/ at ,m\ndville 0 famili> ) ! *>act]i/ics on eagles ?r\gh ! possession !re ( captive birds--a cu/om obs]v$ among ! ,zui ( ,new ,mexico at ! pres5t "t4 8,ow+ to slight dis9tegration ( ! /one at t "p ( ! pipe :]e ! head is1 ! details ( ! c>v+ are some:at indi/9ct1 b by hold+ ! pipe 9 a suitable light all ! details ( ! head are /ill di/+ui%able4 ,a w+ is repres5t$ on ea* side4 ,! legs1 beg9n+ at ! tail1 :i* ext5ds outw>d1 rise upw>d & =w>d1 ! feet & talons re/+ on ! belly & embrac+ ! orifice ( ! b[l4 ,! op5+ = ! /em is imm$iately above ! tail40#ad ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgh4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,h&l$ pipe4 ,?is figure 8repres5ts "o ( ! olde/ h&l$ pipes t has come "u ! writ]'s obs]vation4 ,?is int]e/+ specim5 0 tak5 f a burial-m\nd1 on ! ,ni*olai f>m1 ,big ,b5d1 ,wauke%a ,c\nty1 ,wiscons91 9 ,july1 #aijb1 by ,mr4 ,la ,fayette ,ell]son4 ,) x 0 f\nd a curv$-base m\nd pipe40 ,f ! collection ( ,g4 ,a4 ,we/1 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgh ,a4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,h&l$ pipe4 8,f\nd by ,mr4 ,o4 ,s4 ,lud+ton1 ne> ,prairie du ,*i51 ( r$ s&/one1 =m$1 ma9ly by ! peck+ process1 into ! %ape ( a fi%1 & is #e in*es long1 #b in*es wide1 & #a in* ?ick4 ,its b[l cavity is ?ree f\r?s ( an in* across1 ! /em hole ne>ly z l>ge1 & bo? are cone-%ap$1 hav+ be5 made ) a /one drill4 ,?is specim5 is n work$ d[n smoo?1 nor does x exhibit file m>ks40 ,f ! collection ( ,g4 ,a4 ,we/1 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgi4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,six int]e/+ effigy pipes f ! collection ( ,b5nett ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgi ,a4 ,turtle pipe4 ,milwaukee ,museum collection4 ,?is figure 8is ( grayi%-br[n /eatite1 #c in*es long1 #b in*es 9 its greate/ wid?1 & ) a f9ely c>v$ upp] surface repres5t+ a turtle4 ,! b[l is 9 ! c5tre ( ! turtle's back1 ! /em hole is small1 & 0 d\btless us$ )\t ! addition ( a deta*able m\?piece4 ,! l[] "p ( ! body is flat1 ) no attempt to =m ei!r legs or tail40 ,?is specim5 0 discov]$ )9 ! s\!rn limits ( ! city ( ,milwaukee1 & is believ$ to be "o ( two c]emonial pipes ( turtle-=m1 s f> f\nd 9 ,wiscons94 8,! turtle 0 an emblem ( ! ,si\x1 & f ! frequ5t occurr5ce ( its %ell 9 graves mu/ h be5 held 9 high e/eem by ! ,indians2 yet repres5tations ( x 9 /one are exce$+ly r>e40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhj4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,effigy pipe1 ,hopewell ,gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dha4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,turtle pipe f\nd ne> ,burnett1 ,dodge ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dha ,a4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,ano!r view ( ,fig4 #dha4 ,! ,iroquois pipes & pipes *>act]i/ic ( ! ,pla9s1 pipes classifi$ by ,mr4 ,mc,guire & ,mr4 ,we/ z ,micmacs1 & o!r mod]n pipes1 are scatt]$ q g5]ally ?r\gh\t nor?1 c5tral1 & ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is good t ,mr4 ,mc,guire has giv5 u s c>eful a di/ribution ( pipes z is set =? 9 8 fifte5 divisions4 ,! /ud5t ( ar*ology mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! pipes f ! old burial-places & ^? t are app>5tly mod]n4 ,! prehi/oric cultures & ! mod]n cultures ( our ,am]ican aborig9es "h 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates may be comp>$ ) ^? ( ,europe2 :]e on "o site we might f9d ,roman weapons or implem5ts1 ^? ( e>ly ,g]manic tribes associat$ ) ! ,roman1 & b5ea? all ( ^!1 ^? ( ! /one-age type4 ,b if ! soil _h be5 di/urb$1 ?r\gh digg+ on ! "p ( p subsequ5t to ^! epo*s1 /one-age objects1 toge!r ) ^? ( ,roman & ,g]manic occupations1 might be f\nd associat$ toge!r4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t "h 9 ,am]ica1 :5 we f9d mod]n catl9ite pipes & rectangul> /one pipes on a village-site or b5ea? ! surface1 ^! may repres5t diff]5t epo*s or cultures4 ,^! cultures may or may n be sep>at$ by hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,!re are _m complications to be tak5 into consid]ation1 9 our /udy ( ! di/ribution ( pipes4 ,z has be5 po9t$ out1 rude pipes are q z likely to h be5 made by mod]n ,indians z by prehi/oric p4 ,x does n foll[1 because ! type ( pipes recogniz$ z ,iroquoian 9 "* is widespread nor? ( ! ,ohio ,valley & ,canada1 t all pipes 9 t region 7 made by ! tribes ( ?is /ock4 ,! ,iroquois ov]ran ! entire t]ritory nor? ( ! ,ohio & ea/ ( ! ,scioto4 ,we "k t !y ov]:elm$ ! ,eries1 ,hurons1 & o!rs1 ^: art 0 q diff]5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhb4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,oolitic lime/one pipe1 ,h>t ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky4 ,highly poli%$1 a beautiful specim54 ,collection ( ,b5nett ,h4 ,"y4 ,^! long effigy pipes ( ?is type are to be f\nd 9 ! ,smi?sonian & ,am]ican ,museum collections4 ,an example 9 ! ,g4 ,a4 ,we/ collection1 f\nd 9 ,ohio1 is #ad in*es long4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhc4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,f ossu>y 9 ! ,t[n%ip ( ,manv]s1 ,c\nty ( ,durham1 ,ont>io1 ,canada4 ,collection ( ,j4 ,g4 ,ogle ,d',oli]1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhd4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,f ossu>y 9 ! ,t[n%ip ( ,manv]s1 ,c\nty ( ,durham1 ,ont>io1 ,canada4 ,collection ( ,j4 ,g4 ,ogle ,d',oli]1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhe4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,beautiful effigy pipe ( a frog f\nd 9 a grave at ,waynesville1 ,ohio1 ov]look+ ! ,miami ,riv]4 ,secur$ by ,w4 ,k4 ,moorehead1 #ahhi4 ,n[ 9 ! ,ohio ,/ate ,univ]sity ,museum1 ,columbus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhf4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,frog pipe4 ,f village-site at ! m\? ( ,bu% ,creek1 ,adams ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,z ,i h rem>k$1 ^! ,iroquoian pipes are easily di/+ui%$ f o!r =ms2 !y are n f\nd 9 ! anci5t burial-places ( ! ,mississippi ,valley4 ,! beautiful m\nd & grave pipes f ! ,ohio ,valley1 ! middle ,s\?1 & ! f> ,s\?1 %[n 9 ,figs4 #dgd1 #dgg ,a1 #dhe to #dia1 #did1 #dif1 & #dii1 are n only ( anci5t l9eage1 b %[ no m>k ( /eel tools1 & d n appe> to h be5 inspir$ by ,european civilization4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m ( ! pipes ref]r$ to d appe> to h be5 sugge/$ by a k ( ,european art4 ,"s ( ! be/ effigy pipes1 ! monitor or plat=m pipes1 7 n made ( /one1 b ( a f9e grade ( fire-clay4 ,!re are also effigies 9 pipes ( t]ra-cotta4 ,9 answ]+ a lett] reque/+ in=mation1 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,c4 ,mills1 "u date ( ,april #bg1 #aiaj1 said conc]n+ ! pipes 9 8 collection3 8,( ! plat=m pipes1 t5 are fire-clay1 ( ! effigy pipes1 fifte5 are fire-clay1 & ( ! tubul> pipes1 tw5ty are fire-clay4 ,! fire-clay pipes 7 nev] burn$1 b 7 cut f orig9al pieces ( clay4 ,tw5ty ( ! miscellane\s pipes are made ( pott]'s clay40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhg4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,an int]e/+ human effigy f\nd 9 nor!rn ,ohio1 n[ 9 ! collection ( ! ,ohio ,/ate ,univ]sity1 ,columbus4 ,! bird is mu* 9 evid5ce z a prehi/oric sculpture4 ,9 fact1 !re are m bird-pipes ?an any o!r life-=m4 ,?is at once sugge/s ! fam\s 8,?und] ,bird10 s fam\s 9 ,indian my?ology 9 ,am]ica4 ,yet if x is true t ^! effigies are n totemic1 z relat+ to tribes1 b /& = 8,?und] ,birds10 x is curi\s t s _m diff]5t k9ds ( birds %\ld h be5 repres5t$4 ,!re are ! hawk1 eagle1 cr[1 woodcock1 duck1 woodpeck]1 p>oquet1 & o!rs4 ,exam9e ,fig4 #dgd ,a4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ sculptures pres5t$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,comp>e ?is beautiful c>v+ ) ! foll[+ bird-pipes1 ,figs4 #dgj1 #dga1 #dgc1 #dgf1 #dgg1 #dhj1 :]e possible read]s are advis$ to visit "s public museum or consult a libr>y & /udy ! illu/rations ( bird-pipes4 ,! range is consid]able4 ,ev5 9 s brief space z is af=d$ 9 ?is *apt]1 x w be obs]v$ t x 0 ! int5tion ( ! anci5t p to repres5t n "o k9d ( bird b _m4 ,! /atem5t frequ5tly made1 t x is impossible 9 "s in/ances to det]m9e j :at species ( bird 0 int5d$1 is true4 ,b we h no difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! duck1 ! eagle1 ! owl1 or ! cr[1 al?\gh ! diff]5t k9ds ( ducks1 or ( hawks1 might n be diff]5tiat$ accurately4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhh4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,effigy pipe ( lime/one4 ,a rem>kable effigy pipe f\nd by ,mr4 ,moore 9 "o ( ! m\nds at ,m\ndville1 ,alabama4 ,?is gr\p ( m\nds has furni%$ "s rem>kable specim5s 9 /one & clay4 ,mr4 ,we/ says ( ! s-call$ h&l$ pipes3-- 8,9 ?is class ! au?or has plac$ a small numb] ( v int]e/+ pipes :i* are provid$ ) an elongat$ base or h&le1 by :i* !y 7 held or support$2 & 9 mo/ examples ) a %ort m\?piece also4 ,"s are )\t ! latt] feature1 & 7 probably furni%$ ) a %ort /em ( wood or bone4 ,!y diff] consid]ably z to g5]al %ape & mann] ( ornam5tation4 ,a few h ! b[ls arti/ically c>v$ to repres5t ! head ( a human be+1 a fi%1 or an animal4 8,a small numb] ( simil> pipes h be5 describ$ f o!r sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,tw5ty-two examples h be5 f\nd 9 ,wiscons91 no two ( :i* are ( exactly ! same patt]n4 ,no !ory ( _! au?or%ip among ! ,wiscons9 or o!r ,indians has z yet be5 advanc$4 ,ev5 ?\gh orig9ally limit$ to "o tribe1 s conv5i5t a =m ( pipe is sure to h be5 copi$ by individuals belong+ to o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhi4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,^! pipes 7 f\nd toge!r 9 a small m\nd1 a %ort di/ance s\? ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri4 ,collection ( ,h4 ,m4 ,braun1 ,ea/ ,/4 ,l\is1 ,ill9ois4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dij4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,human effigy pipe1 f a grave 9 ! ,willis ,cemet]y1 ,hopk9sville1 ,k5tucky4 ,phillips ,academy collection4 8,au?orities :o h writt5 on ! subject1 seem to reg>d ?is type ( pipe z mod]n4 ,"s ( ! ,wiscons9 f9ds conta9 no m>ks ( metal tools1 are unpoli%$1 & h all indications ( be+ prehi/oric1 :ile o!rs are new 9 appe>ance1 f9ely poli%$ & %[ evid5ce ( ! use ( metal tools 9 _! manufacture40#ae ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dia4 7,s4 #c-e47 ,! discs & ! effigy pipes 7 f\nd 9 #aijd by ,w4 ,w4 ,almond :ile pl\gh+ on a f>m ne> ,m5>d's ,m\nd1 ab\t eight miles f ,arkansas ,po/4 ,x w\ld appe> t ^! 7 buri$ toge!r 9 a ca*e1 & cov]$ ) a lay] ( pott]y4 ,^! w be describ$ m fully "u ,conclusions1 *apt]s ,,xxxvi1 ,,xxxvii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dib4 7,s4 #d-e47 ,collection ( ,w4 ,c4 ,h]riman1 ,toronto1 ,ont>io1 ,canada4 ,figs4 #dib & #dic pres5t two views ( a pipe ( ! ord9>y clay mat]ial4 ,! b[l is beh9d ! head1 pass+ d[n ! region ( ! back4 ,! unique feature ( ?is pipe is t :5 %ak5 x gives evid5ce ( a holl[ s\nd 9 ! head ) sev]al small1 h>d p>ticles :i* di/9ctly rattle4 ,^! h nev] be5 inve/igat$ & _! nature is n kn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dic4 7,s4 #d-e47 ,side view ( ,fig4 #dib4 ,fig4 #dhj is a rem>kable c>v+ 9 graphite slate4 ,?is 0 f\nd by me on ! alt> ( ! effigy m\nd1 ,hopewell ,gr\p1 ,ross ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 dur+ ! c\rse ( explorations1 ,augu/ #aija-,m>* #aijb4 ,! pipe repres5ts a woodcock re/+ on ! back ( a grotesque fi%4 ,! bird is true to life1 ! fi% is n4 ,no pipe f\nd by ,squi] & ,davis 9 ! fam\s ,m\nd ,city ,gr\p exce$$ ?is 9 its beautiful arti/ic l9es & skill ev9c$ 9 manufacture4 ,) ?is pipe 7 ?\s&s ( pe>l beads1 copp] e> ornam5ts1 obsidian blades1 & o!r rem>kable objects1 all ( :i* are =eign to ,ohio4 ,! pipe1 toge!r ) ! o!r objects1 is exhibit$ 9 ! ,field ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,*icago4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #did4 7,s4 ab\t #b-g47 ,collection ( ,h4 ,m4 ,:elpley1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4 ,f\nd ne> ,muskogee1 ,ind4 ,t]4 ,color1 t]ra-cotta2 size1 eight & "o half in*es high by five & "o half in*es ant]io-po/]ior1 by f\r & "o eigh? in*es wide2 weight1 five p\nds4 ,! discoidal 9 ! "r h& measures "o & ?ree f\r?s by five eigh?s in*es4 ,ea* ( ! two /icks 9 ! left h& are f\r & "o eigh? in*es long4 ,e>r+s1 "o by ?ree eigh?s in*2 bead "u *91 ?ree f\r?s by ?ree eigh?s in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #die4 7,s4 #a-f47 ,collection ( ,w4 ,a4 ,holmes1 ,*icago1 ,ill9ois4 ,9 ,figs4 #dha & #dha ,a1 ,i pres5t front & re> views ( an effigy pipe f ,wiscons91 n[ 9 ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum4 ,?is is "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( m\nd pipe f\nd 9 ! ,nor?4 ,an inspection ( ! two figures w acqua9t read]s ) ! fact t ! top & bottom ( ! pipe repres5t two k9ds ( reptilia4 ,pr(4 ,s4 ,a4 ,b>rett1 :o k9dly furni%$ ?is & "s o!r photographs = me1 expla9s ?is peculi>ity z foll[s3 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dif4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,collection ( ,leslie ,w4 ,hills1 ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 ,! effigy to ! left is a rem>kable & int]e/+ pipe1 ( h>d black /one1 & 0 f\nd 9 ,ohio4 8,9 s5d+ y ! in=mation conc]n+ specim5s1 !re is "o po9t t ,i ov]look$1 & t is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! c>apace & ! pla/ron ( ! turtle pipe4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t ! c>apace ( ?is specim5 is t ( a t]rap91 :ile ! pla/ron is c>v$ aft] ! fa%ion ( ! snapp+ turtle40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dig4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,portrait pipe4 ,collection ( ,g4 ,a4 ,we/1 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons94 ,?is figure 0 dug f a grave at ,ea/ ,jacksonport1 ,door ,c\nty1 ,wiscons91 ov] :i* 0 an old p9e /ump #cj in*es 9 diamet]1 by ,mr4 ,l4 ,k4 ,erksk91 f :om x 0 secur$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,elkey1 = ,mr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,we/4 ,?is pipe is ( compact fl9ty lime/one & mo/ skillfully c>v$ into a resemblance ( ! head & face ( a fr[n+ ,indian4 ,bo? b[l & /em excavations are conical 9 %ape1 & 7 evid5tly made ) /one drills4 ,i h ref]r$ 9 a numb] ( places to smok+ z a c]emony4 ,9 addition to be+ a rite1 x 0 always practic$ = m$ic9al purposes4 ,n only did ! ,indians 9 anci5t times inhale fumes 9 ord] to alleviate di/ress1 b ! :ite p did likewise4 ,mr4 ,mc,guire1 9 8 "w :i* ,i h previ\sly quot$1 makes ?is p]fectly cle> & cites num]\s in/ances z to ! suppos$ curative prop]ty ( tobacco4 ,i quote "o ( 8 p>agraphs#af conc]n+ ! truly rem>kable mat]ial ga!r$ by ,mr4 ,bragg3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dih4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,portrait pipe4 ,describ$ by ,g4 ,a4 ,we/1 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons94 ,?is figure 8is ( d>k s&/one1 #aj in*es long1 ) a portion ( its b[l brok5 away4 ,?is rem>kable pipe 0 f\nd _m ye>s ago ne> ,=t ,atk9son1 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,wiscons91 & is n[ 9 a private collection 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,x is a calumet b n ( ! ,si\an type4 ,! writ] is in=m$ t ?is specim5 is unpoli%$1 b has ! appe>ance ( great age1 conta9s no metal tool-m>ks1 & %[s mu* use40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dii4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,collection ( ,pr(essor ,w4 ,c4 ,mills1 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 8,bragg's collection ( pipes1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 made f all p>ts ( ! _w1 & 8 books relat+ to tobacco1 ! =m] consi/+ ( #ac1jjj specim5s & ! latt] ( #ejj volumes1 0 z ri* z x 0 curi\s1 & has probably nev] be5 equal$4 ,! m$ic9al & imag9>y prop]ties atta*+ to tobacco h be5 m>k$ among ! ,am]ican ,indians to no great] ext5t ?an 9 ,europe4 ,remb]t ,dodo5s 9 #aegh said #8! p]fume ( dry$ leaves1 he sayd he layde ^u quick coles tak5 9 ! m\? ?r\gh ! pipe ( a funnel or tunnel1 helpe? su* z are tr\bl$ ) %ortness ( w9de & fet* _! brea? ?icke & (t54'0#ag ,9 #aija ,pr(essor ,w4 ,c4 ,mills explor$ ! ,ad5a ,m\nd ne> ,*illico! = ! ,ohio ,/ate ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,society4 ,"o ( ! skeletons1 aside f hav+ arr[-heads1 knives1 pe>l & bone beads & o!r relics1 _h ne> ! left h& ! beautiful effigy pipe %[n 9 ,fig4 #dii4 ,i pres5t front & side views ( ?is pipe1 & quote f ,pr(essor ,mills's ,report z foll[s3-- 8,?is pipe is eight in*es 9 l5g?1 & is compos$ ( clay1 resembl+ ! fire-clay f\nd 9 ,scioto ,c\nty1 :i* is fur!r s\? b 9 ! same valley4 ,! pipe is tubul> 9 =m1 ! hole ext5d+ ! entire l5g? ( ! body2 ! l>ge op5+ is betwe5 ! feet1 hav+ a hole five eigh?s in* 9 diamet]4 ,)9 an in* ( ! top ( ! head x beg9s to n>r[ d[n to a v small ap]ture "o eigh? in* 9 diamet]4 ,! m\?piece =m$ a "p ( ! head-dress ( ! image4 ,! front "p ( ! pipe is ( a light gray 9 color :ile ! back "p is ( a brick r$4 ,! specim5 is cov]$ ) a deposit ( iron ore2 ?is appe>s 9 small blot*es ov] ! entire surface ( ! specim51 ! "o side ( ! face & body be+ m d5sely cov]$ ) x ?an ! o!r p>ts ( ! pipe4 8,! effigy repres5ts ! human =m 9 ! nude /ate ) ! exception ( ! cov]+ ar\nd ! lo9s2 ?is cov]+ ext5ds r\nd ! body & is ti$ 9 ! back2 ! ends ( ! cov]+ hang d[n & s]ve z ornam5ts4 ,on ! front ( ?is cov]+ is a s]p5t9e or scroll-l ornam5tation4 ,f ! lobe ( ea* e> is hung an e> ornam5t :i* is q l>ge 9 proportion to ! e>1 & resembles v mu* ! button-%ap$ copp] ornam5ts :i* are s frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! m\nds ( ! ,scioto ,valley40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejj4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,frog pipe1 f ,t5nessee1 & rectangul> pipe1 f ,georgia4 ,bo? ( f9e s&/one4 ,f ! collection ( ,f4 ,p4 ,graves1 ,doe ,run1 ,sa9t ,francois ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,gr\nd ,,/one ,,mort>s ,,& ,,pe/les ,classification ( mort>s & pe/les4 ,mort>s4 7a7 ,oval or circul>4 7,figs4 #eja-jb47 7b7 ,angul> or squ>$ 7metates74 7,figs4 #dae-af47 7c7 ,po9t$4 7,fig4 #eaa1 top r[47 ,pe/les4 7a7 ,elongat$1 pla94 7,fig4 #eag47 7b7 ,elongat$1 ridg$ or ornam5t$4 7,figs4 #eac-ad47 7c7 ,bell-%ap$4 7,fig4 #ejc47 7d7 ,) flat surfaces 7mano-/ones74 7,fig4 #eae47 ,!re grew 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 at ! "t ( its discov]y by ,columbus1 a pr(usion ( se$s1 nuts1 & roots ( v>i\s k9ds1 develop+ accord+ to climate f nor!rn ,canada to s\!rn ,arizona4 ,man f\nd ^! a valuable addition to 8 food-supply1 & he made use ( _m ( !m t we ( to-day %\ld consid] unpalatable4 ,he procur$ %ell-fi% ( v>i\s k9ds bo? salt & fre% wat]2 he knew ! prop]ties ( _m roots1 bulbs1 b>ks1 & o!r plants4 ,) ! exception ( su* molluscs z he ate1 & 8 fre% meat1 ! great] bulk ( 8 food-supply 0 9 ! =m ( k]nels1 or gra9s1 or bulbs1 or nuts1 :i* mu/ ne$s be r$uc$ to meal1 or /ripp$ ( husks1 or crack$ & brok54 ,to conv]t ! raw food into palatable fl\r1 he us$ bo? wood5 & /one pe/les 9 flat1 oval1 or r\nd mort>s1 ! =m v>y+ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 #ahie1 ! ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society publi%$ 8,! ,food ( ,c]ta9 ,am]ican ,indians & ,_! ,me?od ( ,prep>+ ,x10 by ,pr(essor ,luci5 ,c>r4 ,mr4 ,c>r 0 long ,assi/ant ,curator ( ! ,peabody ,museum at ,cambridge1 & 8 rese>* into hi/oric ,indian affairs is well kn[n4 ,i quote a few p>agraphs f ,mr4 ,c>r3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eja4 7,s4 #a-h47 ,f ! collection ( ,solon ,mc,coy1 ,m\nta9 ,home1 ,idaho4 8,speak+ 9 a g5]al way1 ! old *ronicl] 0 n f> wrong :5 he told u t ! ,indian #8liv$ on :at he got by hunt+1 fi%+1 & cultivat+ ! soil4' ,unque/ionably1 he d]iv$ ! bulk ( 8 food f ^! s\rces1 ?\gh !re 7 times1 & un=tunately !y 7 some:at frequ5t1 :5 he 0 glad to fill out 8 bill ( f>e ) ! fruits1 nuts1 & edible roots & grasses ) :i* a b\ntiful ,nature suppli$ him4 ,divid+ all ^! diff]5t articles accord+ to _! nature & orig91 & beg9n+ ) ^? ! production ( :i* is believ$ to indicate racial progress1 we f9d t corn1 beans1 & pumpk9s 7 cultivat$ :]ev]1 )9 ! limits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !y c\ld be gr[n to advantage4 ,( ^! corn 0 by f> ! mo/ important2 & z x seems to h be5 ! ma9 dep5d5ce ( all ! tribes t liv$ s\? ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & ea/ ( ! ti] ( /ates t l9e ! we/ bank ( ! ,mississippi1 & z ! mann] ( cultivat+ x & ! diff]5t ways ( cook+ x 7 practically ! same ev]y:]e & at all times1 we %all conf9e our rem>ks to x & to ! ,indians liv+ )9 ^! limits1 m]ely premis+ t mu* ( :at is said ab\t x w apply to #8its si/]s1' z beans & squa%es 7 lov+ly t]m$ by ! ,iroquois4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejb4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,ord9>y mort>4 ,collection ( ,frank ,l4 ,grove1 ,delaw>e1 ,ohio4 8,& "h1 at ! outset ( our inve/igation1 we are met by ! fact t mod]n rese>* has fail$ to ?r[ a positive light ^u ! "q ( its orig94 ,t x 0 indig5\s to ,am]ica is g5]ally believ$1 & s1 also1 ! /atem5t t x 0 fir/ cultivat$ at "s po9t betwe5 ! tropics is accept$4 ,beyond ?is we h n be5 able to g2 & )\t ent]+ into a discussion ( ! subject1 x is probably safe to assume t ?is is z ne> ! tru? z we c hope to get4 ,h[ev]1 be ?is z x may1 !re seems to be no d\bt t its dome/ication took place ages ago1 = 9 no o!r way is x ?\ght possible to acc\nt = ! va/ ext5t ( c\ntry ov] :i* its use _h spread1 & = ! numb] ( v>ieties to :i* x _h giv5 rise4 ,take our own c\ntry1 = example1 & :5 ! :ites fir/ l&$ "h1 !re 7 f\nd gr[+1 )9 c]ta9 limit$ areas1 a numb] ( diff]5t k9ds1 di/+ui%$ "o f ano!r1 by ! l5g? ( "t !y took to rip51 by ! size ( ! e>1 by ! %ape & h>dness ( ! gra91 & by ! color1 ?\gh ?is is said to be accid5tal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejc4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,pe/les1 ,class 8,c40 ,collection ( ,j4 ,a4 ,rayn]1 ,piqua1 ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejd4 7,s4 #a-e47 ,collection ( ,w4 ,a4 ,holmes1 ,*icago1 ,ill9ois4 8,9 addition to ^!1 :i* 7 kn[n to ! :ites z hom9y corn1 bread corn1 & six-weeks corn1 !re 0 /ill ano!r sort1 call$ by ! ,fr5* bl fleuri1 & by ourselves popcorn1 ( :i* ! ,indians 7 v fond1 & :i* !y s]v$ up to ^? ( _! gue/s :om !y wi%$ to honor4 ,) s _m k9ds1 & plant+ !m at diff]5t times dur+ ! spr+ & e>ly summ]1 !y n only _h successive crops1 :i* !y ate gre5 z long z ! season la/$1 b !y also rais$ en\gh = w9t] use1 &1 n unfrequ5tly1 _h "s to sp>e to _! ne$y neighbors1 :ite z well z r$4 ,inde$1 _! p$l]s made long trips = ! purpose ( ex*ang+ _! surplus corn = sk9s & any?+ else t !y ne$$2 & b = ! supplies :i* ! ,pilgrim fa!rs1 & we may add ! settl]s at ,jame/[n & ,new ,orleans1 #8obta9$ f ! ,indians will+ly or ?r\gh =ce1' x is probable1 z a rec5t writ] sugge/s1't !re w\ld h be5 b few if any ( _! desc5dants left to write _! hi/ories & s+ _! praises4'0 ,! cultivation ( corn 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 widespread4 ,de ,soto1 ,coronado1 & o!r e>ly explor]s 9 _! w&]+s1 z well z our milit>y exp$itions ( ! ,fr5* & ,indian ,w>1 ! w>s ( ! ,revolution & ( #ahab1 f\nd l>ge corn-fields :]ev] ! ,indian population 0 ?icke/4 ,9 addition to corn1 :i* is plac$ fir/1 ! ,indians ga!r$ wild rice 9 ! ,nor? & koonti & tuckahoe 9 ! ,s\?4 ,( ^! roots1 x is /at$3 8,x grew l a flagge1 9 ! m>%es1 & :5 made into bread _h ! #8ta/e ( potatoes4'0 ,!re 7 also great /ores ( dri$ meat & fi% put up 9 e village1 quantities ( maple sug>1 squa%es1 beans1 pumpk9s1 & an endless v>iety ( roots & nuts4 ,we n[ "k t !re are sev5te5 sep>ate foods = :i* civilization is indebt$ to ! ,indian4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejd ,a4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,f ! collection ( ,b4 ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,r>e =ms ( pe/les f ! ,cumb]l& & ,t5nessee valleys4 ,:at we %\ld consid] ! simple/ =m ( mort> is a "q4 ,( c\rse1 ! mort>1 r ?an ! pe/le1 is ! ess5tial ?+4 ,man mu/ h some?+ 9 :i* to gr9d or cru% 8 food1 & x did n matt] to him :e!r ! receptacle 0 wood1 /one1 or lea!r s long z x s]v$ ! purpose1 & x 0 ( no consequ5ce to him :e!r 8 pe/le 0 a r\nd /one1 an oval1 an elongat$ pe/le or bell-%ap$1 or a flat mano /one4 ,:at he wi%$ to accompli%1 ! r$uction ( gra9s or nuts or *unks ( dri$ beef to fl\r1 0 ( prim>y importance1 & ! ag5cies employ$ to obta9 ?is result 7 second>y4 ,( c\rse1 he may h us$ elaborately ornam5t$ & arti/ically work$ pe/les & mort>s 9 ! prep>ation ( sacr$ meal2 z to t ,i d n "k4 ,:at ,i am talk+ ab\t n[ is ! common =m ( mort> & pe/le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eje4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,ca/ ( a /eatite b[l4 ,f\nd ne> ,lynn4 ,collection ( ,salem ,museum4 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,wood5 mort>s1 z well z wood5 b[ls1 exi/$ 9 _m portions ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re are abundant hi/orical ref]5ces to ^!1 & read]s are ref]r$ to ! ,bibliography 9 ?is in/ance z 9 o!rs4 ,! natives smoo!d ! surface ( a fall5 tree-trunk1 or ! top ( a /ump1 &1 by con/ant friction ( ei!r /one or wood5 pe/le1 soon wore out a mort> cavity4 ,!y also select$ glacial b\ld]s1 conv5i5t po9ts ( bluffs1 l$ges1 etc41 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & work$ out /ation>y mort>s4 ,^! h be5 f\nd 9 at lea/ a hundr$ places 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,aside f ! /ation>y mort>s1 !re 7 _m small flat /ones1 & "s l>ge /ones ( conv5i5t size on :i* gr9d+ is evid5t = a consid]able l5g? ( "t1 & z a result a depression v>y+ f a few in*es to a foot or m 9 dep? occurs4 ,pa9t /ones are simply small mort>s4 ,sometimes !y are highly poli%$ & well work$ out1 b usually !y are rude & may be class$ z small mort>s1 z !y are receptacles = gr9d+4 ,fig4 #eja1 f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,solon ,mc,coy ( ,m\nta9 ,home1 ,idaho1 illu/rates sev5 %ort pe/les & sev5 small mort>s1 size "o eigh?1 su* z are common 9 ! ,s\?we/ & n infrequ5t 9 mo/ portions ( ! ,ea/4 ,?is illu/ration may /& z typical = all su* =ms 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! pe/les us$ 9 !m 7 m prop]ly rubb+-/ones2 ! end is slightly flatt5$1 m (t5 !y are r\nd at ei!r end4 ,great numb]s ( %ort oval pe/les occur 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 & ! ,s\?4 ,fig4 #ejd1 f ,mr4 ,holmes's collection1 illu/rates ?ree /one pe/les2 ! "o to ! left may h come f any "o ( a doz5 /ates1 z ! =m is ! same ev]y:]e2 to ! "r1 ! typical bell-%ap$ pe/les ( ! ,ohio ,valley4 ,9 ! c5tre1 ! pe/le is bell-%ap$1 %ort1 & has be5 highly poli%$1 & !re is a prom95t depression 9 ! c5tre4 ,fig4 #ejc1 f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,rayn]1 pictures fifte5 pe/les2 all save f\r ( ! bell-%ap$ v>iety4 ,! "o at ! top1 ! c5tre1 is an ord9>y cone1 to ! "r ( t1 a pe/le ) two gr9d+ surfaces1 "o at ei!r end1 :i* is r>e4 ,9 ! c5tre are two long1 slightly curv$ objects :i* may be pe/les or roll]s us$ 9 prep>+ clay = ! mak+ ( pott]y4 ,! v>iation 9 ! bell pe/le is f an ord9>y pla9 =m to t hav+ a n>r[ top & an unusually broad1 flat base4 ,! pe/les %[n at ! "r 9 ,fig4 #ead are highly specializ$ =ms f ! ,nor?we/4 ,!re are simil> types 9 ! ,ohio ,valley1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ejd ,a1 ,colonel ,"y's collection4 ,b z a rule ! natives ( ! ,mississippi ,valley paid little att5tion to arti/ic developm5t ( dome/ic tools1 su* z pe/les & mort>s4 ,fig4 #ejb is ! ord9>y l>ge /one mort> common 9 ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x ranges f a small pa9t-cup 9 :i* a mull] no l>g] ?an "o's ?umb 0 work$1 to /ation>y mort>s 9 glacial b\ld]s1 s l>ge t !y _c be mov$4 ,fig4 #ejg pres5ts ?ree mort>s ( lava1 & "s flat mort>s ( trap rock4 ,^! are f ,mr4 ,g4 ,b4 ,abbott's collection1 ,corn+1 ,cali=nia4 ,! /ones us$ on ^! are flat1 or oval wat]-worn /ones & n f9i%$1 l mano /ones common to ! ,cliff-,dwell] c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejf4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,soap/one di%4 ,f ! ,peabody ,museum collection1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejg4 7,s4 #a-i47 ,f ! collection ( ,g4 ,b4 ,abbott1 ,corn+1 ,cali=nia4 ,9 ! ,ea/ & ! ,s\? we h /eatite or soap/one mort>s1 cook+-pots1 di%es1 b[ls1 & sometimes dipp]s4 ,mo/ ( ! l>g] museums h examples ( ^! & p>ticul>ly 9 highly f9i%$ /one di%es4 ,fig4 #eje is a l>ge1 ?9 /one di% f ! ,peabody ,museum1 ,salem1 :i* 0 f\nd ne> ,lynn4 ,fig4 #ejh pres5ts f\r soap/one di%es1 two ( !m dipp]-l 9 =m4 ,! ?ree upp] ones are f9i%$ & poli%$1 :ile ! l[] specim5 has be5 peck$ into %ape b n poli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejh4 7,s4 ab\t #a-e47 ,soap/one b[ls4 ,collection ( ,peabody ,museum1 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! qu>ries f :i* ^! di%es are obta9$ are f\nd 9 ,new ,engl&1 9 ! ,potomac region1 & 9 ! ,s\?4 ,pr(essor ,holmes made !m ! subject ( /udy4 ,x seems t ! natives work$ ar\nd ! mass !y wi%$ to remove & %ap$ x 9 situ1 cutt+ a deep tr5* entirely ar\nd x1 & :5 ! di% _h be5 br\ght into high relief1 !y cut away ! n>r[ base & remov$ x4 ,numb]s ( unf9i%$ di%es 9 position 9 ! orig9al l$ge h be5 report$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eji4 7,s4 #a-f47 ,a portion ( ! collection ( ,j4 ,g4 ,craw=d1 ,albany1 ,oregon4 ,! peculi> objects above ! c5tral mort> are int]e/+4 ,simil> ones h be5 f\nd 9 ! f> ,nor?we/4 ,! purpose ( su* is at pres5t a my/]y4 ,^! 7 f\nd 9 v>i\s portions ( ,oregon1 n f> above ! m\? ( ! ,columbia ,riv]4 ,widespread z 0 ! use ( /eatite 9 ! ,ea/ = mort>s & di%es & ( h>d] mat]ials = mort>s 9 :i* heavy gr9d+ 0 to be done1 x is 9 ! ,s\?we/1 ,cali=nia1 & ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s :]e m mill/ones are f\nd ?an else:]e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,s\?we/]n metate 7see ,fig4 #eae7 is well kn[n to /ud5ts ( ar*ology4 ,all ! museums h on exhibition hundr$s ( ^!1 & we h 9 our museum at ,&ov]1 a hundr$ or m ( !m4 ,!y v>y f small slabs1 pres5t+ a flat surface1 to deeply worn rectangul> & squ>e specim5s1 "s ( :i* are two feet 9 bread? & w weigh a hundr$ p\nds4 ,^! 7 9 common use ab\t ! pueblos & cliff-h\ses4 ,9 our museum & else:]e !re are metates t h se5 s]vice = s _m ye>s t !y are worn entirely ?r\gh4 ,on ^! metates a flat /one1 kn[n z a mano /one1 0 us$1 tak+ ! place ( ! ,ea/]n roll] or bell-pe/le4 ,x 0 pu%$ back & =? ) ! h&4 ,9 ! ,s\?we/1 ,cali=nia1 & ,mexico "s ( ! metates are highly ornam5t$1 & h legs1 :i* rais$ ! body ( ! /one sev]al in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,:5 ,i visit$ ! ,*aco ,gr\p1 9 #ahig1 ,i saw sev]al hundr$ metates scatt]$ ab\t on ! surface ne> ! ru9s4 ,9 explorations ne> ,phnix1 ,arizona1 9 ,novemb]1 #ahig1 to ,june1 #ahih1 ,i collect$ m ?an n9ety good metates4 ,9 ,kelley ,cav]n1 ! ,oz>k ,m\nta9s1 :i* 0 explor$ by ,dr4 ,*>les ,peabody & myself 9 ,may1 #aijh1 we f\nd ?irty-sev5 /one mills 9 "o cave alone1 & t cav]n 0 no m ?an two hundr$ feet across ! front & ab\t a hundr$ feet deep4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,lewis ( ,petaluma1 ,cali=nia1 n[ deceas$1 s5t me ! photograph ( a rem>kable collection ( ,cali=nia mort>s4 ,aft] %ipp+ g5]\s quantities to v>i\s sci5tific in/itutions 9 ! ,ea/1 ,mr4 ,lewis /ill _h sev]al hundr$ 9 8 possession4 ,he con/ruct$ an outdoor cab9et ( plank & plac$ !reon a portion ( 8 collection4 ,fig4 #eaa illu/rates a numb] ( 8 specim5s4 ,x w be obs]v$1 by comp>ison ) ! figure ( ,mr4 ,lewis :o is /&+ at ! "r ( 8 cab9et1 t ! l>ge/ mort>s at ! bottom are n upright b are plac$ at an angle4 ,^! mort>s range f two feet 9 diamet] to ^? ab\t a foot high4 ,_m ( ^! weigh z mu* z sev5ty-five or a hundr$ p\nds ea*4 ,! small] mort>s are on ! upp] r[s4 ,mr4 ,lewis1 dur+ ! la/ two ye>s ( 8 life1 wrote me _m int]e/+ lett]s reg>d+ ! "* ( ! v>i\s /one objects f\nd 9 8 region4 ,he 0 a ke5 obs]v]1 & dur+ 8 fifty ye>s ( resid5ce at ,petaluma he became ?or\ghly famili> ) ! v>i\s prehi/oric sites 9 t "p ( ,cali=nia4 ,:ile ,i make sub/antial quotations f ^! lett]s1 ,i *ange 8 language slightly3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eaj4 7,s4 v>y+47 ,/one b[ls f a ca*e ne> ,san ,f]n&o1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eaa4 ,collection ( ,j4 ,b4 ,lewis1 ,petaluma1 ,cali=nia4 ,mr4 ,lewis1 :o /&s at ! "r1 0 fifty ye>s 9 mak+ ?is collection4 8,on ,sonoma ,m\nta91 sev5 miles f ,petaluma1 is a depression 9 ! hills 9 :i* ! w9t] ra9s are collect$1 =m+ a l>ge lake or lagoon ( two hundr$ acres1 call$ by ! ,indians ,lagoon ,la ,j>a1 =m]ly cov]$ ) a tall gr[? ( tules1 ! home ( geese & ducks & blackbirds 9 _! season4 ,"s =ty ye>s s9ce1 x 0 dra9$ & br\ght "u cultivation4 ,on pl\gh+1 /ones 7 br\ght to light call$ #8c]emonial s9k]s1' plumbs1 etc4 ,z "t passes few] are f\nd1 until n[ only ?ree or f\r a ye>40 ,mr4 ,lewis1 :o liv$ )9 two miles ( ! lake1 procur$ half ( ! objects ?us discov]$4 ,_m ( !m are %[n 9 ,fig4 #chc4 ,ano!r collector has secur$ f\r hundr$4 ,9 ! summ] ! lagoon 0 dry or ne>ly s4 ,!re 0 nei!r inlet nor outlet & no fi% liv$ 9 its wat]s4 ,!re=e ! /ones 7 n made use ( z s9k]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eab4 7,s4 #a-aj47 ,f ! collection ( ,h4 ,k4 ,dei%]1 ,kutzt[n1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eac4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,long effigy pe/le4 ,butl] f>m1 nor?we/ "p ( ,turkey ,hill1 ,ipswi*4 ,f ! collection ( ,peabody ,museum1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 8,:5 ,i came "h 9 ! e>ly fifties1 !re us$ l>ge numb]s ( ,indians g by my ran* 9 ! fall1 d[n to ! creek to cat* /urgeon & dry !m1 & !y always w5t back by ! way ( ! lagoon & /ay$ a day or two & _h "s k9d ( a p[-w[4 ,aft] ! lagoon 0 dra9$1 !y nev] came back40 ,mr4 ,lewis1 on arrival 9 ,cali=nia1 he>d t a num]\s tribe liv+ ne> ,petaluma 0 practically ext]m9at$ by "s contagi\s disease4 ,he believ$ t ! ,indians return+ annually to hold c]emonies at ! lagoon belong$ to ?is tribe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ead4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,f ! collection ( ,beloit ,college1 ,beloit1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eae4 7,s4 #a-f47 ,f ! collection ( ,w4 ,a4 ,holmes1 ,*icago1 ,ill9ois4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t dur+ ! ye>s ( ,mr4 ,lewis's obs]vations he f\nd t ! mort>s ) /raight sides & flat bottoms occurr$ ne> ,sonoma ,m\nta91 :]e b\ld]s ( basalt are common4 ,b 9 ! s&y hills we/ ( ,petaluma po9t$ or urn-%ap$ mort>s1 su* z are %[n on ! top %elf ( ,fig4 #eaa1 are f\nd 9 "s numb]s4 ,x is cle>1 he /ates1 t ! v>i\s types ( mort>s 7 conf9$ to c]ta9 regions4 ,he knew ( only two mort>s f\nd 9 ,indian graves4 ,9 "o in/ance1 :]e a mort> 0 buri$ ) an ,indian1 ! skull 0 pi]c$ by a fl9t po9t4 ,ne> ,santa ,rosa1 tw5ty miles f 8 home1 a l>ge spr+ 0 clean$ out1 & 9 x 7 f\nd num]\s objects ( /one4 ,mr4 ,lewis /ates t he nev] f\nd a mort> & pe/le plac$ toge!r4 ,!y 7 usually f\nd sep>ate4 ,:ile ! plummets & s-call$ s9k]s are f\nd scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ?is region1 yet n9e t5?s ( 8 collection came f ! lagoon previ\sly m5tion$4 ,n only has he f\nd mort>s ^u ! surface1 b specim5s h be5 dug up f a dep? ( twelve feet 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! cavities may be l>ge or small1 indep5d5t ( size ( mort>4 ,( 8 entire collection ( two hundr$ & fifty mort>s he /ates t sev5ty-five _h holes 9 ! bottom1 sev5ty-five 7 m or less brok51 fifty 7 consid]$ fair specim5s1 & ab\t fifty 7 p]fect4 ,! late ,mr4 ,horatio ,n4 ,ru/1 an obs]v] ( mu* exp]i5ce 9 ,cali=nia ar*ology1 describ$ an int]e/+ ca*e ( /one b[ls "s ye>s ago4#ah ,i quote 8 article3-- 8,mr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,hunt1 ( ,san ,f]n&o1 ,cali=nia1 has be5 till+ = sev]al ye>s ! site ( an old ,indian village1 & 9 do+ s has une>!d fragm5ts ( n few] ?an ?irty ,indian b[ls1 b no :ole specim54 ,a %ort "t ago1 :ile pl\gh+1 he enc\nt]$ a /one1 & 9 digg+ x out discov]$ a ca*e ( tw5ty-"o s&/one b[ls 7see ,fig4 #eaj7 c>efully pack$ toge!r 9 a space n exce$+ f\r or five feet4 ,on ,mr4 ,hunt's invitation ,i p]sonally exam9$ ! cont5ts ( ?is int]e/+ ca*e1 f9d+ ! b[ls q symmetrical & all except "o 9 p]fect condition4 8,^! ut5sils measure ab\t t5 in*es 9 greate/ diamet]1 & f sev5 to t5 in*es across ! bottom2 !y are ab\t "o & "o f\r? in*es 9 ?ickness at ! rim4 ,a %all[ groove is cut 9 ! edge ( ! rim ( ea* vessel1 9 :i* %ell beads are set 9 asphaltum4 ,ab\t midway 9 ! inside ( "o ( ! b[ls a s]ies ( holes1 ab\t "o f\r? ( an in* 9 dep? & diamet]1 is cut1 & 9 ea* ( ^! holes a %ell bead is set 9 asphaltum4 ,^! inset beads repres5t ! only attempt at ornam5tation4 8,aft] c>efully exam9+ ! field 9 :i* ^! vessels 7 f\nd ,i rea*$ ! conclusion t ! ?irty brok5 b[ls indicat$ ! =m] occupancy ( ! site by a village ( consid]able size1 & t !y _h be5 brok5 by an enemy r ?an ?r\gh use4 ,i 0 l$ also to ! belief t ! villag]s _h be5 kill$ & _m ( _! vessels de/roy$1 b t ! pr$atory enemy _h fail$ to f9d ! ca*e ( b[ls1 :i* _h be5 secret$ by _! own]s 9 fe> ( su* an attack4 8,?is conclusion 0 rea*$ 9 view ( ! exp]i5ce ga9$ f ! exam9ation ( _m village-sites 9 ,cali=nia4 ,on "o occasion1 at a site s\? ( ,san ,jac9to ,m\nta91 ,i discov]$ tw5ty-five /one mort>s1 )9 ! radius ( a mile1 all ( :i* _h be5 brok5 by viol5ce1 evid5tly by an enemy = ! purpose ( depriv+ ! villag]s ( an important means ( prep>+ food4 ,beside ^! mort>s1 ,i f\nd a slab ( gre5 talc1 ab\t eight by fifte5 in*es1 & ?ree slabs ( s&/one ( ab\t ! same wid? & l5g? & "o & "o f\r? in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,fragm5ts ( simil> s&/one slabs h be5 f\nd ne> ! same site1 b no pe/les or o!r artifacts t _h n be5 brok51 a circum/ance t w\ld seem to indicate t ev]y?+ _h be5 ei!r /ol5 or delib]ately de/roy$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eaf4 7,s4 #a-e47 ,f ! collection ( ,james ,a4 ,b>r1 ,/ockton1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eag4 7,s4 ab\t #a-f47 ,f\nd at ,riv]side1 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,mat]ial3 gre5i% black slate4 ,collection ( ,s4 ,r4 ,turn]1 ,riv]side1 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,on ! top %elf ( ,mr4 ,lewis's exhibit 9 ,fig4 #eaa are po9t$ mort>s su* z ,i h plac$ "u classification 8,c40 ,usually ^! are ( volcanic rock1 work$ d[n light & r ?94 ,!y 7 po9t$ 9 ord] t !y might be ?ru/ into s(t e>?1 or swampy places :]e c]ta9 re$s & roots ab\nd$1 !y be+ held 9 position by ! nature ( ! soil1 :ile ! wom5 gr\nd gra94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eah4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,/one b[l f ! collection ( ,h4 ,s4 ,hurlbutt1 ,lib]tyville1 ,ill9ois4 ,fig4 #eag is a long1 beautifully poli%$1 roll] pe/le1 ab\t tw5ty-six in*es 9 l5g? & own$ by ,mr4 ,s4 ,r4 ,turn]1 ,riv]side1 ,rhode ,isl&1 & ,fig4 #eac is a roll] pe/le ) an effigy head c>v$ at "o end4 ,x is impossible to det]m9e :at ?is effigy repres5ts4 ,?is is f ! ,salem collection1 0 f\nd ne> ,ipswi*1 & is ab\t ?irty in*es 9 l5g?4 ,d\btless !re are n a few objects class$ z mort>s :i* 7 food receptacles4 ,i h includ$ sev]al 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! conditions "u :i* "s ( ^! m highly f9i%$ b[ls are f\nd leads u to admit ignorance ( _! true mean+4 ,fig4 #eah is a delicate /one b[l f ,ill9ois2 ,fig4 #eai is a lime/one b[l1 %[n "o ?ird size4 ,?is 0 f\nd 9 ! oblong m\nd ( ! ,hopewell ,gr\p 9 #aija1 by our survey4 ,nei!r ( ^! specim5s is to be class$ z a mort>4 ,bo? are highly f9i%$1 & ! lime/one b[l is an unusual specim51 no?+ j l x hav+ be5 f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,we _c imag9e t ^! 7 made use ( to conta9 ord9>y food4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eai4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,/one b[l ( twelve or ?irte5 p\nds weight4 ,cut f solid lime/one4 ,x is some:at l ! type ( b[ls f\nd on ! ,pacific ,coa/1 & no?+ comp>able to x has be5 discov]$ 9 our ,ohio ,valley m\nds4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,br[n writes ( 8 region3-- 8,a small numb] ( /one pe/les h be5 f\nd 9 ,wiscons91 & a few holl[$-out /ones :i* appe> to h be5 employ$ z mort>s4 ,! ,wiscons9 savages employ$ wood5 mort>s = cru%+ _! corn & wild rice4 ,^! 7 holl[s cut into ! side ( logs or made ( sections ( logs holl[$ out4 ,wood5 pe/les 7 employ$ ) ^!4 ,at ,lake ,w9nebago & else:]e 9 ! ,fox ,riv] ,valley are l>ge b\ld]s ^u ! tops ( :i* are %all[ depressions 9 :i* ! ,indians ( rec5t times are kn[n to h gr\nd corn40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eai ,a4 7,s4 #a-g47 ,two are ( /eatite1 & "o ( lime/one4 ,!y 7 f\nd 9 ea/]n ,k5tucky4 ,f ! collection ( ,b4 ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,!re are no special conclusions to be rea*$ ) ref]5ce to mort>s & pe/les4 ,an inspection1 9 any public museum1 ( collections f ! ,nor?we/ ,coa/1 ,pacific ,coa/1 & ,new ,engl& w acqua9t ! read]s ) ! fact t bo? ! mort> & ! pe/le 7 sometimes highly ornam5t$ & work$ into fanciful =ms4 ,fig4 #eaf1 a rem>kable metate f ,pr(essor ,b>r's collection1 is an illu/ration ( ! po9t ,i h 9 m9d4 ,metates ( ?is "* are common 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,^? :o h /udi$ symbolism see evid5ces ( phallic wor%ip 9 _m ( ! pe/les f ,cali=nia & ! ,nor?we/4 ,! range 9 all tools & receptacles ne$$ 9 ! ,indian's dome/ic sci5ce1 is consid]able1 & cov]s ! entire field f ! r\gh pebble to ! effigy pe/le1 or ! metate1 almo/ table-l 9 "*4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,objects ,,( ,,%ell ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebj4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,%ell hoe f ! village-site at ,=t ,anci5t1 ,ohio4 ,aborig9al man us$ %ell & bone = a v>iety ( purposes4 ,he frequ5tly made ( ^! sub/ances ! same =ms t he did 9 fl9t or /one1 & if "o 7 classify+ "u use1 "o w\ld include1 "u arr[-po9ts1 n only ^? ( fl9t1 b ( bone & %ell z well4 ,! same is true ( ! beads & ( flat ornam5ts1 :i* may be ( %ell1 or bone1 q z (t5 z ( /one4 ,b s9ce we h begun to classify ^! objects accord+ to mat]ial1 x is necess>y to place "u ! above head _m artifacts t w\ld naturally fall into ano!r subdivision1 7 we to ignore mat]ials4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eba4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,collection ( ,b4 ,beasley1 ,montgom]y1 ,alabama4 ,g5]ally ?r\gh\t ,nor? ,am]ica %ells 7 made use ( = ornam5tation4 ,%ell beads are z widely di/ribut$ z *ipp$ implem5ts & m g5]ally f\nd ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an pott]y4 ,9 fact1 9 mo/ cemet]ies1 m\nds1 & cliff-h\ses :]e human burials occur1 are /r+s ( beads ( v>i\s k9ds & sizes4 ,i might enum]ate all ! %ells f\nd 9 bo? fre% wat] & salt1 & made use ( by ! natives 9 ,am]ica1 b ?is is h>dly requir$4 ,h[ev]1 7 ,i writ+ m ext5d$ly ^u %ell objects1 x w\ld be necess>y to give all ! names4 ,^! are purposely omitt$4 ,! classification ( %ell objects is z foll[s3-- #a4 ,= dome/ic s]vice4 #b4 ,= ornam5tation4 ,"u ,no4 #a !re are ! foll[+ subdivisions3-- a4 ,%ells us$ z hoes4 7,fig4 #ebj47 b4 ,z club-heads4 7,none %[n47 c4 ,z cups & b[ls4 7,fig4 #ebb47 ,"u ,no4 #b3 a4 ,z small beads1 r\nd or cyl9drical4 7,figs4 #eba1 #eba ,a47 b4 ,e> & nose ornam5ts1 circul> or oval4 7,fig4 #ebc47 c4 ,hairp9s4 7,fig4 #ebe47 d4 ,bracelets & f+]-r+s4 7,none %[n47 e4 ,engrav$ %ell gorgets4 7,figs4 #ecj to #ece47 f4 ,p5dants & unkn[n =ms4 7,figs4 #ebd1 #ebi47 g4 ,effigies4 7,fig4 #ecg47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eba ,a4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,beads f ,trigg ,c\nty1 at m\? ( ,little ,riv]1 :]e x ent]s ! ,cumb]l& ,riv]1 ,k5tucky4 ,b5nett ,h4 ,"y's collection4 ,! l>g] %ells ( ! ,atlantic ,coa/ betwe5 ! m\? ( ! ,potomac & ! ,mississippi 7 employ$ by ! ,florida1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,l\isiana ,indians z digg+-tools1 heads to clubs1 etc4 ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore1 dur+ ! c\rse ( 8 ext5sive explorations 9 ,florida & ,alabama1 f\nd great quantities ( l>ge %ells :i* _h be5 us$ z dome/ic tools4 ,x is well kn[n t ! %ell m\nds ( ,florida equal 9 size _m m\nds ( e>? or /one1 f>!r nor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebb4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,l>ge %ells1 ,hopewell ,m\nds1 ,ohio4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 ! fre%-wat] unio %ells 7 made g5]al use ( z hoes1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ebj1 :i* 0 f\nd at ,=t ,anci5t1 ,ohio1 on ! village-site along ! banks ( ! ,miami ,riv]4 ,x 0 mu* easi] to p]=ate ^! %ells & use !m z hoes ?an to "w out fl9t or wood5 hoes4 ,p]sons :o explore anci5t sites f9d !m 9 ! a%-pits4 ,! edges are always batt]$1 or worn smoo?1 prov+ t !y 7 ( importance z agricultural implem5ts4 ,%ort1 heavy %ells 7 p]=at$ & fa/5$ to clubs = weapons & digg+-tools4 ,moore describes & illu/rates _m ( ^!4#ai ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebc4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,! typical %ell nose & e> ornam5ts are %[n 9 ?is illu/ration4 ,^! six 7 f\nd by ,w4 ,c4 ,mills on ! ,baum ,village-,site1 ,ross ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,bits ( %ell may h be5 set 9 h&les1 = use z 8swords10 aft] ! mann] ( ,s\? ,sea natives4 ,h[ev]1 :ile %ells 7 useful = o!r purposes1 yet x 0 = ornam5tation t mo/ ( !m 7 us$4 ,fig4 #eba1 f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,b4 ,beasley1 ,montgom]y1 ,alabama1 is an illu/ration ( small disc beads 9 ! c5tre1 l>g] beads ab\t ! m>g9 & ! /r+ ( rude & irregul> %ell beads enclos+ ! rectangul> exhibit ref]r$ to4 ,?is is ab\t "o f\r? size4 ,%ell beads range 9 size f m9ute ones z small z ^? on ! black backgr\nd 9 ! c5tre ( ! picture1 to o!rs ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore f\nd %ell beads z l>ge z walnuts 9 8 ,florida & ,alabama explorations4 ,fig4 #eba ,a %[s a numb] ( v>i\s %ell beads1 toge!r ) a few /one beads f m\nds & graves at ! m\? ( ,little ,riv]1 ,k5tucky4 ,l>ge numb]s ( pe>l beads1 h be5 f\nd 9 ! alt> m\nds ( ! ,scioto ,valley1 ,ohio1 & 9 ! ,s\?4 ,de ,soto's n>rative /ates t ! ,indians1 9 #aedj-db1 possess$ _m bu%els ( ^! pe>ls4 ,"s 7 ( beautiful =m & high lu/re4 ,all ( ^! w\ld h be5 v valuable1 b = ! fact t ! natives drill$ a hole ?r\gh ea* "o1 ?us1 f our po9t ( view1 ru9+ !m4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t ! pe>l beads f\nd 9 ! alt>s ( ! ,hopewell ,gr\p1 :5 new & undrill$1 7 wor? upw>ds ( a million doll>s4 ,practically all %ell ornam5ts 7 made f ! l>g] unio %ells & also f ! busycon & pyrula %ells ( ,florida & ! ,c>ol9as4 ,fig4 #ebb pres5ts "o ( ^! %ells z yet uncut :i* 0 f\nd 9 a m\nd at ! ,hopewell ,gr\p & ano!r :i* has be5 cut d[n into ! =m ( a l>ge dipp] or dr9k+-vessel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebd4 7,s4 v>y+47 ,%ell ornam5ts f ,cali=nia4 ,peabody ,museum collection1 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebe4 7,s4 #c-g47 ,?is figure illu/rates "s ( ! %ell hairp9s1 r r>e 9 ,ohio1 b frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! ,s\?4 ,^! are f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,t4 ,re$]1 ,h\ghton1 ,mi*igan1 & 7 f\nd 9 ,alabama & ,t5nessee4 ,x w\ld be impossible to drill ) ^!1 & by common cons5t !y are call$ hairp9s4 ,! ornam5tation on l>ge %ell gorgets is complicat$ & *>act]i/ic4 ,i am n suffici5tly famili> ) ,cali=nia %ell gorgets to /ate :e!r !y are ev] engrav$4 ,fig4 #ebi1 f ,pr(essor ,b>r's collection1 pres5ts z highly develop$ gorgets z ,i h se5 f ! ,pacific ,coa/4 ,x is 9 ! m\nds & /one graves ( ! ,cumb]l& & ,t5nessee valleys t ! art 9 engrav+ or decorat+ gorgets seems to h rea*$ its height4 ,9 ,figs4 #ecj1 #eca1 #ecb1 #ecc4 #ecd1 & #ece are pres5t$ beautiful specim5s f ! collections ( ,mr4 ,john ,t4 ,re$]1 ,colonel ,"y1 & ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebf4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,an engrav$ %ell gorget f\nd 9 ! glacial kame burials 9 nor!rn ,ohio4 ,?is is %[n half size & is a rem>kable specim54 ,! mat]ial is f a l>ge fre%-wat] unio4 ,pr(essor ,william ,h4 ,holmes ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution has /udi$ %ell objects m ?an any "o else 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i quote f 8 description ( ,fig4 #ecd3bj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebg4 7#a-b47 ,two small %ell ornam5ts f ! collection ( ,john ,t4 ,re$]1 ,h\ghton1 ,mi*igan4 ,^! 7 f\nd 9 a m\nd on ,long ,isl&1 ,t5nessee4 ,! "o to ! "r is especially int]e/+ 9 t ! body ( ! %ell is cut out1 =m+ ! b>s ( ! cross4 ,su* gorgets are exce$+ly r>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebh4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,f\r flat p5dants f\nd 9 ,pilot ,m\nd1 ,manitoba1 by ,h5ry ,montgom]y4 ,two copp] beads & "o %ell bead1 ,pilot ,m\nd1 ,manitoba4 ,two bone :i/les1 respectively n9e & t5 in*es long1 f m\nd ne> ,s\ris=d1 ,manitoba4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebi4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,james ,a4 ,b>r collection1 ,/ockton1 ,cali=nia4 8,among ! _m int]e/+ relics obta9$ f m\nds & burial-places 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley are ! engrav$ %ell gorgets1 a numb] ( :i* are n[ pres]v$ 9 our museums4 ,! mo/ rec5t addition to ?is class ( objects 0 obta9$ by ! ,national ,museum f ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,nelson ( ,eddyville1 ,lyon ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 & comes f a burial-place enc\nt]$ 9 op5+ a /one-qu>ry ne> ,eddyville4 ,x is a symmetric sauc]-%ap$ gorget1 ,fig4 #ecd1 five in*es 9 diamet] & made app>5tly f ! exp&$ lip ( a con* %ell 7,busycon p]v]sum74 ,x is unusually well pres]v$1 bo? faces reta9+ some?+ ( ! orig9al high poli% ( ! ornam5t4 ,two p]=ations plac$ ne> ! m>g9 s]v$ z a means ( susp5sion4 ,! back or convex side is q pla91 :ile ! face is occupi$ by ! engrav+ ( a human figure :i* ext5ds entirely across ! disc4 ,x w be se5 by ref]5ce to ! illu/ration t ?is figure is practically id5tical 9 _m respects ) o!rs already publi%$4#ba ,x is execut$ 9 firmly incis$ l9es & is p>tially inclos$ by a bord] ( n9e conc5tric l9es4 ,! position ( ! figure is t ( a discus-?r[]4 ,! "r h& holds a discoidal object1 ! arm be+ ?r[n back z if 9 ! act ( ca/+ ! disc4 ,! left h& ext5ds outw>d to ! m>g9 ( ! %ell & firmly grasps a w&-l object hav+ plumes atta*$ at ! upp] end1 ! l[] end be+ peculi>ly m>k$1 & b5t inw>d across ! bord] l9es4 ,! face is turn$ to ! left2 ! "r knee is b5t & re/s on ! gr\nd1 :ile ! left foot is set =w>d z x w\ld be 9 ! act ( ca/+ ! disc4 ,! features are boldly outl9$2 ! eye is diamond-%ap$1 z is usual 9 ! del9eations ( ?is "* 9 ! m\nd region4 ,a cre/ or cr[n repres5t+ ! hair surm\nts ! head2 ! l[] lobe ( ! e> conta9s a disc f :i* falls a long p5dant ornam5t1 & ?ree l9es repres5t+ pa9t or tattoo m>ks ext5d across ! *eek f ! e> to ! m\?4 ,a bead necklace hangs d[n ov] ! *e/ & ! legs & arms h encircl+ ornam5ts4 ,! l[] "p ( ! body is cov]$ ) an apron-l g>m5t atta*$ to ! wai/b&1 & ov] ?is hangs :at appe>s to be a p\* ) p5dant ornam5ts4 ,! moccas9s are ( ! usual ,indian type & are well del9eat$4 ,a /udy ( ?is figure /rongly sugge/s ! idea t x mu/ repres5t a disc-?r[] engag$1 possibly1 9 play+ ! well-kn[n game ( *unky40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ecj4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,collection ( ,j4 ,t4 ,re$]1 ,h\ghton1 ,mi*igan4 ,reg>d+ ,fig4 #ece ( ,colonel ,"y's collection1 ,pr(essor ,holmes writes me1 "u date ( ,m>* #bh1 #aiaj1 z foll[s3-- 8,! %ell gorget f ,l9coln ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 is exceptionally l>ge1 be+ six in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! design is engrav$ on ! concave surface & repres5ts a d\ble-head$ eagle treat$ 9 a v conv5tional mann]4 ,! heads are well drawn1 b ! bodies are simplifi$ s t two legs only ) *>act]i/ic talons are %[n4 ,! tail is s+le4 ,! "w corresponds 9 /yle to simil> del9eations on clay & o!r mat]ials ?r\gh\t a l>ge "p ( ! ,gulf ,/ates1 z %[n fully 9 ! works ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore4 ,x is n possible to say :e!r or n ! duplication ( ! heads _h any significance1 or :e!r x is ! result simply ( ! common practice 9 primitive art ( employ+ modifi$ natural =ms to accommodate ! spaces to be embelli%$4 ,t ! eagle1 h[ev]1 _h "s special significance ) ! peoples conc]n$1 may be tak5 = grant$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eca4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,collection ( ,j4 ,t4 ,re$]1 ,h\ghton1 ,mi*igan4 ,! upp] figure is f a m\nd on ,long ,isl&1 ,t5nessee ,riv]1 ,jackson ,c\nty1 ,alabama4 ,! l[] figure is f a m\nd at ! m\? ( ,*ickamauga ,creek1 ,hamilton ,c\nty1 ,t5nessee4 ,,fig4 #ecb4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,collection ( ,j4 ,t4 ,re$]1 ,h\ghton1 ,mi*igan4 ,! upp] figure is f a m\nd at ,citico ,furnace1 ,*attanooga1 ,t5nessee4 ,! l[] figure is f a m\nd at ,long ,isl&1 ne> ,bridgeport1 ,jackson ,c\nty1 ,alabama4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ecc4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,%ell gorgets f ,k5tucky4 ,b5nett ,h4 ,"y's collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ecd4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,%ell gorget f ,lyon ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum collection4 ,fig4 #ecc pres5ts six beautiful engrav$ gorgets f ,colonel ,"y's collection1 :o has 9 8 exhibit z _m engrav$ %ells z any o!r collector 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,= _m ye>s he has int]e/$ himself 9 ! ar*ology ( ,k5tucky & has pres]v$ ?\s&s ( specim5s4 ,no4 #c 9 ?is plate is %[n 9 a l>g] =m 9 ,fig4 #ece4 ,no4 #d is "o ( ! r>e gorgets ) ! design ( ! cross work$ out by cutt+ entirely ?r\gh ! %ell4 ,no4 #f is practically ! same z ! "r-h& specim5 9 ,fig4 #ecj1 only t x is work$ 9 high] relief4 ,! exact mean+ ( ^! c>v+s is unkn[n at ! pres5t "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ece4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,collection ( ,b5nett ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ecf4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,%ell frog1 two %ell effigies1 onyx bead1 & effigy fi% 7jade874 ,f ! l>ge ru9 ne> ,mesa1 ,arizona4 ,! natives liv+ 9 ! great pueblos ( ! ,salado ,valley1 s\!rn ,arizona1 & 9 fact ?r\gh\t t entire region1 made use ( a great _m %ells f\nd along ! %ores ( ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia4 ,n only did !y make ord9>y beads1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,nor!rn ,indians1 b !y also made f+]-r+s & bracelets4 ,^! h be5 s frequ5tly illu/rat$1 ,i h purposely left !m out4 ,!y work$ all mann] ( effigies out ( %ell1 z is %[n 9 ,figs4 #ecf-cg1 f ! collection at ,&ov]4 ,^! specim5s 7 obta9$ by me :ile explor+ 9 #ahig & #ahih = ,mr4 ,r4 ,s4 ,peabody1 f\nd] ( ! ,dep>tm5t at ,&ov]4 ,!re are also %ell frogs inlaid ) turquoise--real mosaic "w4 ,dr4 ,fewkes has illu/rat$ "s effigies ( ?is nature1 9 8 reports1 & ,dr4 ,pepp] f\nd numb]s ( !m at ! great ,*aco ,gr\p ( ru9s1 nor!rn ,new ,mexico4 ,:5 ! fir/ %ell frogs 7 discov]$ by ! late ,frank ,hamilton ,cu%+1 "s ( ! ar*ologi/s w5t s f> z to say t ,cu%+ _h made ^!1 b n[ s _m ( !m h be5 f\nd t ,cu%+'s orig9al cont5tions are v]ifi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ecg4 7,s4 #a-b to #a-c47 ,%ell objects f ,arizona4 ,x is surpris+1 ! skill ( prehi/oric man 9 c>v+4 ,:5 ,squi] & ,davis made _! exploration ( ! m\nds ( ! ,mississippi ,valley1 !y f\nd _m highly c>v$ & ornam5t$ pipes4 ,ye>s aft]w>ds1 obs]v]s :o 7 unju/ly skeptical endeavor$ to prove t ^! 7 made ) rat-tail files or 7 ! "w ( :ite trad]s4 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,squi] & ,davis1 ev5 m rem>kable c>v+s1 "w 9 copp]1 intricate designs on %ell1 & v>i\s tablets h be5 une>!d1 9 numb]s1 & by m5 aga9/ :om no *>ge c\ld be made4 ,x w be se5 by an inspection ( ! few %ell objects t ,i h illu/rat$ t1 not)/&+ ! lack ( iron tools1 aborig9al man 9 ,am]ica 0 no mean arti/4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,objects ,,( ,,bone ,bone objects s]v$ practical purposes m ?an !y did ornam5tal uses4 ,( c\rse "s bones 7 work$ into ornam5ts1 b m ( !m 7 9 use z utility tools ?an o!rwise4 ,! classification ( bone tools is a subject to :i* "o mu/ give no little ?\ght1 = ! mat]ial ranges f ord9>y beads to highly decorat$ & groov$ cyl9d]s1 or tubes4 ,!re=e1 ,i am n fully satisfi$ ) ! classification ,i h]e) pres5t1 & hope at a future date to improve ^u x4 #a4 ,utility & dome/ic purposes4 7a7 ,bone awls4 7,figs4 #ech-ci47 7b7 ,h>poons4 7,figs4 #eda-db47 7c7 ,ladles1 spoons1 etc4 7,figs4 #edd-de47 7d7 ,bone fi%-hooks4 7,figs4 #edf-dh47 7e7 ,tool-h&les4 7,figs4 #edi-ej47 7f7 ,bone scrap]s & celts4 7,fig4 #eea47 7g7 ,arr[-%aft r$uc]s4 7,fig4 #eed47 7h7 ,bone *ipp+-tools4 7,fig4 #da47 #b4 ,bone objects = decorative purposes4 7a7 ,bone beads4 7,fig4 #edf47 7b7 ,bone p5dants4 7,fig4 #eef47 7c7 ,bones us$ 9 head-dresses4 7,figs4 #eeb-ec47 7d7 ,trac+s on bone4 7,figs4 #efd-fe47 7e7 ,bone effigies4 7,figs4 #eeg1 #efg47 ,bone objects 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 9 widespread use1 & !y s]v$ _m purposes4 ,9 ! ,mississippi ,valley m ( !m 7 work$ into beads & awls ?an into any?+ else1 b on ! ,great ,pla9s !y 7 made use ( = _m purposes4 ,! tips ( antl]s 7 %>p5$ & fa/5$ on arr[s4 ,9 ! ,m&an c\ntry1 ,nor? ,dakota1 & else:]e 9 ! ,we/ :]e /one 0 sc>ce1 ! bones ( ! buffalo s]v$ z clubs1 ! %\ld] blades z digg+-tools1 & ! ribs 7 poli%$ & gr\nd to an edge & us$ z knives & scrap+-tools4 ,! tee? ( c>nivor\s animals 7 m\nt$ z ornam5ts1 & long sl5d] bones ( ! small] animals 7 cut into beads4 ,bone & horn spoons 7 d\btless common 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ech4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,typical bone awls f ! collection ( ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell1 ,ripon1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eci4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,blunt-po9t$ awls f\nd ) burials4 ,baum ,village-,site1 ,ohio4 ,william ,c4 ,mills's collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edj4 7,s4 ab\t #c-d47 ,to ! left1 bone awls made f ! t>sometat>sus ( ! wild turkey4 ,to ! "r1 bone ne$les4 ,all f ! ,h>ness ,m\nd1 ,scioto ,valley1 ,ohio4 ,a l>g] p]c5tage ( bone awls h be5 recov]$ f village-sites ?an ( o!r objects 9 bone1 except+ beads4 ,! a%-pits ( village-sites pres]v$ practically ev]y?+ encompass$ by !m because ( ! pres]vative quality ( a%es4 ,!re=e1 ,i h always believ$ t ! proportion ( bone awls to o!r ?+s is no crit]ion z to ! use ( bone among ! aborig9es4 ,9 ! caves ( ! ,oz>ks1 dur+ ?ree seasons ( exploration1 we recov]$ upw>ds ( a hundr$ bone awls4 ,m ?an fifty 7 tak5 f ! a%es ( ,kelley ,cav]n alone4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ^! caves1 z is also true ( ! village-sites ( c5tral ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,s\?1 m>k ! resid5ce place ( natives :]e1 p]haps1 wom5 pr$om9at$4 ,assum+ t because ( w>s !re 7 usually m wom5 ?an m51--& ,i ?9k t ! e>ly ,am]ican hi/ory w be> out ?is /atem5t1--! dome/ic arts 7 9 excess ( ! o!r arts2 & ev5 if ! p]sons engag$ 9 dome/ic sci5ce 7 9 ! m9ority !re w\ld naturally be m cook+1 g>m5t-mak+1 weav+1 & g5]al dome/ic sci5ce 9 vogue 9 a village or a cave or a cliff-dwell+ ?an else:]e4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t awls & hamm]-/ones1 pe/les & mort>s1 r\gh axes & hoes %\ld pr$om9ate 9 su* places4 ,an unkn[n numb] ( bone effigies & bone tools t mu/ h be5 made & us$ by ! anci5t p h disappe>$1 because z 9 ! case ( textile fabrics !y 7 n pres]v$ unless buri$ 9 a%es4 ,aborig9al man 0 v sav+4 ,:5 he kill$ a de] or a be> he n only made use ( ! meat & ! hide1 b also ( ! bones & s9ews4 ,! pro( ( su* economy lies 9 any l>ge village-site1 :]e "o f9ds 9 ! a%es bones ( practically e bird1 animal1 & fi% =m]ly 9 ! neighborhood4 ,& ^! bones h be5 brok51 or cut1 or saw$4 ,"s ( !m indicate ! beg9n+ ( workman%ip1 _m ( !m are brok5 to extract ! m>r[1 & o!rs are p]fect4 ,! exhibit is j su* z "o w\ld expect f ! camp-site ( savages4 ,aft] ! fea/ 0 ov] & ! bones ca/ out1 9 ! ensu+ days1 :5 ^! bones _h become m or less dry1 ! man1 ! woman1 or p]haps ! boy1 ga!r$ !m up & work$ !m into ! =ms pres5t$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! use ( bones = h>poons 0 widespread4 ,9 fact no sub/ance is m conv5i5t4 ,! skeletal rema9s ( num]\s animals1 birds1 & fi% furni%$ ! ,indians ) bones ( v>i\s sizes & %apes1 & x is q likely t su* bones z c\ld be made use ( 7 /or$ away1 & t ! aborig9es select$ ! bone suit$ to _! purpose & w5t to "w on x to manufacture ! h>poon1 or ! awl1 or ! ornam5t4 ,h>poons seem to h be5 m 9 use 9 ! ,nor? ?an 9 ! ,s\?1 & m are f\nd 9 ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce bas91 ,canada1 & nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 & ,new ,york ,/ate1 ?an else:]e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! same is true ( ! ,eskimo c\ntry1 :]e bone h>poon-po9ts are v common4 ,illu/rations #ech1 #eda1 #edb1 pres5t f\r diff]5t bone h>poons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eda4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,bone h>poon4 ,p4 ,d4 ,w9%ip's collection1 ,p>k ,rapids1 ,m9nesota4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edb4 7,s4 #a-b47 7,see ,fig4 #edc = description47 ,illu/ration3 ,description ( ,figs4 #edb & #edc4 ,objects ( antl]1 bone1 %ell1 & copp] f ,nor? ,dakota m\nds3 a4 ,de] antl] t9es1 %[+ p]=ations & not*es4 b4 ,bone anklet1 some:at brok51 b %[+ entire l5g? 9 front4 c4 ,c>v$ t9e ( a de]'s antl]4 d4 ,bead made f ! columella ( a m>9e %ell4 e4 ,pe>ly %ell buttons or ornam5ts1 p]=at$ or not*$2 f\nd ) ! anklet %[n 9 b4 f4 ,flat piece ( copp] coil$ into a bead4 g4 ,small m>9e %ells p]=at$ by gr9d+4 h4 ,pe>ly %ell r+s1 probably a portion ( a necklace4 i4 ,bone fi%+-spe>4 ,f ,h5ry ,montgom]y's collection1 ,toronto1 ,canada4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edc4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edd4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,elk-horn spoons1 f ,humboldt ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia4 ,h4 ,k4 ,dei%]'s collection4 ,x is n difficult to expla9 ! prepond]ance ( h>poons 9 ! ,nor? & ! sc>city ( !m 9 ! ,s\?4 ,!y are ess5tially a cold-climate implem5t4 ,9 ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce region1 :]e !y ab\nd1 nets & traps _c be us$ save dur+ summ] & fall4 ,! w9t] sets 9 e>ly1 & ! spr+ is late4 ,:ile fi% 7 h>poon$ :5 on ! spawn+-b$s1 yet mo/ ( ! h>poon+ 0 done 9 ! w9t]4 ,ev5 to ?is late date ! ,ojibwa ,indians spe> great quantities ( fi% 9 ! w9t] season4 ,pick]el1 pike1 muscalonge are attract$ by a mov+ bait4 ,! ,indian cuts a hole ?r\gh ! ice1 & erects a small /ructure to %ield himself f ! w9d4 ,an effigy ( a fi% made ( wood or bone1 or 9 ^! mod]n times ( t91 is dangl$ ab\t f\r or five feet b5ea? ! ice4 ,l>ge fi% approa* ?is decoy1 & z !y are m sluggi% 9 _! movem5ts 9 ! w9t]1 ! ,indian has no difficulty 9 driv+ ! spe> into su* "o z he wi%es1 be=e x is able to draw out ( range4 ,i suppose t ! me?od did n v>y 9 anci5t times4 ,naturally1 :]e possible1 ! ,indians pref]r$ to set nets or build fi%-weirs4 ,b practically all ! nets & weirs ( anci5t times h long s9ce disappe>$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ede4 7,s4 #c-d47 ,?is is a long spoon1 badly decay$1 b suffici5tly pres]v$ = u to det]m9e its "*4 ,x is ab\t six in*es 9 l5g?4 ,x 0 f\nd "u an old build+ 9 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 & is 9 ! ,peabody ,museum4 ,v few bone or horn spoons1 ladles1 & di%es ( ! ,indians rema91 & yet we "k t a great _m 7 made & us$ by primitive man 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,fig4 #eda illu/rates a l>ge1 /rong h>poon ( bone4 ,?is spe> has sev]al prom95t b>bs4 ,! muscalonge & /urgeon ( ! f> ,nor? 7 l>ge1 /rong fi% & requir$ a heavy spe> to hold !m4 ,:e!r ! ,indians ( ! ,lake ,sup]ior region 9 anci5t times made use ( ! spe> ) a deta*able po9t1 to :i* 0 atta*$ a cord & float1 ,i am unable to /ate4 ,possibly !y made use ( devices ( t sort4 ,9 ! ,ea/ & ! ,nor? ! h>d] & heavi] bones1 su* z ! horns ( elk1 de]1 & moose1 7 made use ( z g\ges1 celts1 & scrap]s4 ,numb]s ( ^! h be5 f\nd at ,madisonville cemet]y1 9 ! ,little ,miami ,valley1 t5 miles nor? ( ,c9c9nati1 & also 9 ! ,iroquois sites along ! ,mohawk ,riv] 9 we/]n ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,david ,boyle1 ,curator ( ! ,prov9cial ,museum1 ,toronto1 pres5ts descriptions ( a numb] ( horn implem5ts 9 8 publications4#bb ,bones 7 made use ( z spoons1 & ladles4 ,num]\s examples ( ^! are n want+ 9 ! museums4 ,! long]1 sl5d] bones 7 gr\nd & poli%$ & po9t$1 & may h s]v$ z hairp9s & cloak-fa/5]s4 ,a spl5did example ( :at we h consid]$ bone hairp9s 0 tak5 f ! a%es 9 ,kelley ,cav]n1 ,arkansas4 ,?is bone 0 f\nd at a dep? ( five feet1 & is n9e in*es long4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edf4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,beads1 arr[-po9ts1 & bone fi%-hooks1 f ! ,m&an ,village-,site1 ,nor? ,dakota4 ,! sl5d] bones ( turkeys & geese 7 (t5 made into :i/les1 ! m$ic9e-m5 us$ !m1 & bone tubes 7 frequ5tly employ$ by %amans 9 draw+ ! evil _s f ! bodies ( ! sick4 ,small digits 7 work$ into necklaces4 ,special bones ( c]ta9 animals1 x is suppos$1 7 ! prop]ty ( ! m$ic9e-m5 & 7 us$ 9 _! incantations4 ,! skull ( ! buffalo play$ an important "p 9 ! my?ology except among ,pla9s tribes4 ,i %all n treat ( t phase ( ! subject 9 ?is volume1 b ref] read]s to ! li/ ( titles 9 ! ,bibliography1 "u ,buffalo2 :i* w be f\nd to conta9 full descriptions ( ! c]emonies connect$ ) ! buffalo4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ?is "w 7,volume ,i1 pages #bjh-ji7 ,i ref] to ! importance ( ! buffalo to ,indians ?r\gh an ext5t ( t]ritory fifte5 hundr$ by "o ?\s& miles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edg4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,/ages ( fi%-hook manufacture4 ,g>tn] ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edh4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,typical fi%-hooks f\nd 9 ! ,baum ,village-,site1 ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edi4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,&ov] collection4 ,! long bones ( l>ge animals 7 cut or saw$ into prop] l5g?s1 ! op5+s 9 ! ends enl>g$ & fl9t knives ins]t$4 ,?is figure pres5ts eight su* tool-h&les4 ,! two at ! top 7 f\nd 9 a gravel-pit 9 c5tral ,ohio1 toge!r ) human skeletons4 ,fl9t knives lay at ! end ( ea* ( ^! two bones4 ,! decay$ bone %[n 9 ! l[] "p ( ! picture 0 also f\nd 9 a gravel burial & a sl5d] fl9t knife re/$ aga9/ x4 ,! position ( ! knives & ! bones leaves me to conclude t ^! bones 7 knife-h&les4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eej4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,bone tool-h&les f ! villages along ! ,upp] ,miss\ri ,riv]4 ,&ov] collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eea4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,a s]ies ( bone celts f ! ,m&an ,site1 ,nor? ,dakota4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eeb4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,bone objects f ,m&an ,sites4 ,portions ( head-dresses4 7,see page #aed47 ,fig4 #edf is int]e/+ 9 t x %[s n only bone beads to ! left1 b also ?ree bone arr[-po9ts 7top r[ 9 ! c5tre7 & fi%-hooks 9 process ( manufacture4 ,pr(essor ,william ,c4 ,mills publi%$ a valuable pap] on ! manufacture ( fi%-hooks4#bc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eeb ,a4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,h[ ! ,m&ans made bracelets & head-dresses4 7,see pages #aed1 #aee47 ,pr(essor ,mills f\nd 9 ! a%-b$s ( ! ,baum ,village-,site bones :i* _h be5 cut d[n until a n>r[ rim on bo? sides rema9$4 ,i %[ ,pr(essor ,mills's f9ds 9 ,figs4 #edg-dh4 ,pr(essor ,mills's f9ds ( unf9i%$ z well z complet$ fi%-hooks enabl$ 8 museum to secure ! be/ s]ies ( su* objects 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,hav+ split ! bones & gr\nd !m d[n until !y 7 ?91 ! ,indians w\ld cut ?r\gh ! objects ne> ei!r end1 ?us produc+ f a split bone two fi%-hooks4 ,or1 ! entire bone yield$ f\r fi%-hooks4 ,"o side is cut long1 ! o!r %ort1 ?us =m+ ! %ank & b>4 ,9 ,fig4 #edf ! entire process is %[n4 ,! split bone1 to ! "r1 ! brok5 bone above ! p]fect fi%-hook4 ,to complete fi%-hooks x 0 necess>y to r\nd ! base1 %>p5 ! po9t1 cut out a little m space betwe5 ! %ank & ! po9t1 & not* ! %ank 9 ord] t ! l9e might be atta*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eec4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,m&an bone ornam5ts4 ,m&an ,bone ,implem5ts ,some?+ ov] tw5ty ye>s ago1 :5 ,i 0 liv+ 9 ,ohio1 ,i receiv$ a communication f ,mr4 ,e4 ,r4 ,/e9brueck ( ,m&an1 ,nor? ,dakota4 ,he wi%$ to beg9 ! /udy ( ,am]ican ar*ology1 to devote special att5tion to ! anci5t village-site ( ! ,m&an ,indians1 made fam\s by ,george ,catl9's pa9t+s & descriptions4 ,i wrote to ,mr4 ,/e9brueck a numb] ( lett]s advis+ him4 ,dur+ ! ensu+ ye>s1 ,mr4 ,/e9brueck sp5t _m seasons 9 ! exploration ( ! ,m&an & o!r sites4 ,8 collection ( bone & /one implem5ts1 am\nt$ to ab\t #hjjj specim5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eed4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,m&an bone objects4 ,?is figure repres5ts "s p]=at$ bones f ,m&an sites4 ,_m simil> to ^! h be5 f\nd at ,madisonville4 ,! holes are poli%$ on ! edges1 & aside f ! !ory t !y 7 us$ to /raight5 arr[-%afts1 no "o seems to "k ! exact purpose ( !m4 ,a few are %[n 9 ,fig4 #eee4 ,peabody ,museum collection1 f ,madisonville1 ,ohio4 ,mr4 ,/e9brueck wi%$ to h 8 collection pres]v$ 9 a firepro( build+1 & z x 0 ?r\gh me he began collect+1 he wi%$ ,phillips ,academy to pur*ase 8 exhibit4 ,?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,pr(essor ,edw>d ,h4 ,williams1 ,jr41 ( ,wood/ock1 ,v]mont1 ?is disposition ( ! collection 0 br\ght ab\t1 & ! collection is to-day on exhibition 9 our museum4 ,i call p>ticul> att5tion to ?is ,m&an exhibit1 = ! reason t x is1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 ! be/ & l>ge/ collection ( bone implem5ts exhum$ f "o site1 9 ,am]ica4 ,suitable /one seems to h be5 sc>ce 9 ! ,m&an c\ntry1 & ! natives made use ( ! %\ld] blades1 ribs1 & o!r heavy bones ( buffalo1 elk1 & de] = v>i\s purposes1 & ^! /rong bones s]v$ !m q z well z w\ld /one4 ,an inspection ( ! illu/rations ( v>i\s ,m&an objects w acqua9t read]s ) ! weal? ( mat]ial secur$ by ,mr4 ,/e9brueck4 ,i call p>ticul> att5tion to ,figs4 #eej to #eee4 ,9 ,fig4 #eej are %[n heavy bone h&les 9 :i* 7 ins]t$ small /one celts employ$ z scrap+- & cutt+-tools4 ,?is type 0 common on ! ,pla9s & has be5 describ$ by ,pr(essor ,mason & o!rs4 ,! h&le is s /rong t x w\ld la/ almo/ a lifetime1 & ! ,indian wom5 ne$$ b to %>p5 ! ins]t$ celt1 r ?an to make a new h&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eee4 7,s4 #a-e47 ,?is pres5ts a bone hairp91 a fi%-hook1 a flute & h>poon1 two bone celts1 a p]=at$ antl] ( an elk1 & a long bone p>tially cut into bits1 all ( :i* 7 f\nd 9 ! graves at ,madisonville1 ,ohio4 ,peabody ,museum collection1 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! figure ( ! bone celts 7#eea7 %[s t ne>ly all ( !m 7 holl[$ aft] ! mann] ( ,ea/]n /one g\ges4 ,! second specim5 f ! top is highly poli%$ on ! edge & !re are eight places :]e not*es h be5 worn into ! bone4 ,simil> we>+ is notic$ on ! l[] specim5s4 ,! ,m&ans rais$ mu* corn1 beans1 & squa%es1 & ! l>ge %\ld] blades ( ! buffalo & elk 7 made use ( by ^! ,indians z spades & hoes4 ,!re are m ?an "o hundr$ ( !m 9 our collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eef4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,m&an bone ornam5ts4 ,mr4 ,/e9brueck1 at my reque/1 wrote me at consid]able l5g? & s5t me sev]al books ( field-notes4 ,p>ticul>ly int]e/+ are 8 descriptions ( objects %[n 9 ,figs4 #eeb1 #eeb ,a1 & #eec4 ,i quote f 8 lett]3-- 8,aft] a numb] ( ye>s ( cont9u\s rese>*es 9 ! anci5t ,indian village-sites on or ab\t ! ,he>t ,riv] & along ! ,miss\ri ,riv]1 ,i h gradually le>n$ to read ! purpose1 ! use1 & also1 9 "s in/ances1 ! manufacture ( c]ta9 horn & bone implem5ts & ornam5ts ( ! ,m&an ,indians40 ,x w\ld appe> t ! late ,j4 ,v4 ,br[] & ,rev4 ,g4 ,l4 ,wilson & ,mr4 ,/e9brueck made explorations 9 common dur+ sev]al seasons4 8444 ,on our sociable excursions1 we us$ to f9d ?ree-corn]$ pieces ( elk-horn 7,fig4 #eeb7 :i* %[$ consid]able "w4 ,!y 7 long & po9t$1 _h a r\nd base1 %[$ ! incision ( a %>p in/rum5t along ! edges1 7 scrap$ at bo? sides2 9 %ort1 seem$ to be %ap$ = "s purpose1 :i* we c\ld n guess4 ,probably !y 7 int5d$ = "s k9d ( an awl1 or "s o!r object ( use or ornam5t4 ,x 0 /range1 ?\gh1 t we f\nd su* quantities ( !m & all 9 ! same /ate ( m or less f9i%1 & /ill we nev] f\nd an implem5t ( a %ape simil> to ^! peculi> triangul> pieces ( horn4 ,we call$ !m #8unf9i%$ implem5ts ( horn1 purpose unkn[n4'0 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eeg4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,bone ornam5ts & effigies4 ,?ree ( ^! may repres5t goose heads4 ,! bone to ! "r is ridg$1 & on ! elevation are not*es4 ,aft] ,mr4 ,br[] return$ ,ea/1 & ,rev4 ,mr4 ,wilson mov$ away f ,m&an1 ,mr4 ,/e9brueck cont9u$ inve/igations1 & aft] sev]al ye>s _h pass$1 came to ! conclusion t ! triangul> pieces 7 disc>d$ objects1 obta9$ dur+ ! process ( manufacture ( o!r =ms4 ,mr4 ,/e9brueck has drawn a s]ies ( outl9es convey+ 8 ideas z to ! manufacture ( ^! objects1 :i* ,i reproduce 9 ,fig4 #eeb ,a4 ,ref]5ce to ! lett]s 9 ,fig4 #eeb ,a w make cle> ,mr4 ,/e9brueck's cont5tions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eeh4 7,s4 #c-d47 ,tee? ( ! opossum & raccoon4 ,h>ness ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eei4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,to ! left 9 ,fig4 #eei is an arr[po9t made ( de]-horn1 ) a p]=ation = atta*m5t to ! %aft4 ,! o!r two are p5dants made ( ocean %ell4 ,^! are f ! ,baum ,village-,site1 ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #efj4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,%ell cresc5t4 ,g>tn] ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 ,^! ?ree figures are f ! collection ( ,w4 ,c4 ,mills4 8,! "p ( ! elk-horn = ! bracelets 0 *os5 j above ! fir/ prong 7a74 ,! horn 0 scrap$ all ar\nd to a smoo? surface4 ,next1 incisions 7 made ) a fl9t knife1 p>allel to ea* o!r1 up & d[n ! horn1 to ! s(t inside ( ! horn4 ,?us long n>r[ /rips 7b7 7 =m$1 :i* 7 easily 7c7 loos5$ f ! /em4 ,next1 ! inside 0 smoo!d d[n & ! edges r\nd$ (f4 ,!n1 on ! inside g5]ally1 n always1 a groove 0 cut = ! easi] b5d+ 7a74 ,! measure ( ! arm or wri/ 0 tak5 & a hole bor$ at ea* end accord+ to size ( arm or wri/1 & above ! holes ! bracelet 0 cut 7e74 ,we f\nd an abundance ( ^? %ort pieces 7f74 ,!n f9ally1 !re rema9$ no?+ to be done b soak ! /raight bracelet piece1 maybe 9 hot be>-grease1 & b5d x4 ,mo/ ( ! bracelets 7g7 are made 9 t %ape & mann]4 ,!re are also ?9n]1 n>r[] ones1 )\t a groove & ornam5t$ at ! ends or incis$ 7i-i71 maybe = ! purpose ( ty+ toge!r4 ,"o ( ! necklaces ,i f\nd1 & :i* is among ! specim5s at ,phillips ,academy1 repres5ts a snake1 "o end %[+ ! head1 ! o!r end ! tail4 ,p]fect horn bracelets are v sc>ce1 ow+ to _! fragility4 ,! fir/ ,i f\nd 0 brok5 9 _m pieces4 ,i gave x to ,mr4 ,br[]1 :o 0 mu* exalt$ ov] x1 say+ t t 0 ! fir/ complete bracelet he ev] saw2 & al?\gh brok51 x is n[ re/or$4 ,x is errone\s & 0 a mi/ake to /ate t bracelets 7 made f ribs ( small animals4 ,a te/ w prove ! tru? ( my /atem5t1 t !y all are made f horn & p>ticul>ly f ! elk-horn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #efa4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,be>-tusks 9 :i* pe>l beads 7 ins]t$ z ornam5ts4 ,^! are cut & poli%$1 ! bases be+ cut squ>ely (f or diagonally1 = :at purpose is unkn[n4 ,^! specim5s 7 f\nd 9 v>i\s m\nds1 ,ross ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 z 7 sev]al o!r objects illu/rat$ 9 ?is *apt]4 8,! manufacture ( headge> f ! buffalo1 or ! elk-horn1 0 br\ght ab\t 9 ! same mann]4 ,! buffalo-horn or ! elk-horn 0 incis$1 aft] %av+ smoo?1 f top to bottom1 or vice v]sa1 "o incision opposite ! o!r1 ?us =m+ two exact c\nt]p>ts4 ,!n !y 7 cut or ornam5t$ to fit ! head & ! ta/e ( ! we>]4 ,! pieces 7 scrap$ ?9 & smoo? f bo? sides1 & !n poli%$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #efb4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,dug up by ,w4 ,c4 ,mills f ,ohio m\nds1 z 7 ! specim5s %[n 9 ,figs4 #eeh to #efe4 ,i %all conclude ! *apt] on bone objects ) "s rem>ks f ,mr4 ,*>les ,e4 ,br[n1 conc]n+ ! di/ribution ( bone implem5ts 9 ! ,wiscons9-,mi*igan region3-- 8,! l>ge/ local collection ( bone implem5ts is t ( ,mr4 ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell ( ,gre5 ,lake4 ,x includes h>poon-heads1 awls1 tubes1 & o!r articles obta9$ f a s-call$ #8sacr$ spr+' into :i* x is ?\ght t ^! & o!r objects 7 ca/ by e>ly savages1 probably = ! purpose ( propitiat+ "s evil _s suppos$ to dwell !re94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #efc4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,cut be>-tusks1 & tusks 9 :i* pe>l beads are ins]t$4 ,f ,ohio m\nds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #efd4 7,s4 #c-d47 ,engrav$ bone1 ,h>ness ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #efe4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,engrav$ bone1 ,hopewell ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eff4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,engrav$ bone1 ,hopewell ,m\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #efg4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,bone effigy1 ,hopewell ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 8,bone implem5ts & ornam5ts ( ^! & o!r classes h also be5 recov]$ f v>i\s village-sites1 refuse-heaps1 & m\nds4 ,bone awls are ! mo/ num]\s4 ,among ^! are a few bone beads1 scrap]s1 & ne$les4 ,two ribbons1 probably ^? ( ! moose1 7 obta9$ f a m\nd at ,eagle ,corn]s4 ,bo? are transv]sely not*$ by cuts along "o edge4 ,"o be>s ?irty-f\r cuts1 ! o!r ?irty-?ree4 ,! mo/ casual exam9ation 444 reveals ! evid5ce ( rubb+ ov] ! projections betwe5 ! not*es4 ,dr4 ,fr$]ick ,/>r1 :o has describ$ ^! specim5s1 ref]s to !m z #8rattles1' & /ates t #8!y n only might h be5 us$ = dance-tim+1 b 7 c]ta9ly s us$4'#bd ,x is probable t "s ( our native copp] p]=ators 7 once m\nt$ 9 bone or antl] h&les4 ,! ,w9nebago ,indians /ill occasionally m\nt wire nails 9 h&les ( bone = use z p]=ators 9 sew+ bucksk94 ,bone awls are also occasionally f\nd 9 use among ^! ,indians & ! local ,*ippewa4 ,m$ic9e-tubes made ( sections ( bone or horn 7 =m]ly employ$4 ,p5dants made ( ! p]=at$ can9e tee? ( ! be> are occasionally f\nd 9 graves & on camp-sites4 ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,h]rmann ( ,dubuque has report$ ! f9d+ ( two comb9ation bone knives & spoons1 sev]al awls & arr[-po9ts1 two eagle claw ornam5ts1 a bone ne$le ) "p ( ! eye intact1 & a musical in/rum5t f a m\nd ne> ,g>n]1 9 ,grant ,c\nty40 ,dr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,h(fmann m5tions ! =m] use ( bone fi%-hooks & not*$ bone arr[-%aft smoo!rs among ! ,wiscons9 ,m5om9i4 ,= ev5+ /r&s ( basswood fibre 9 cord-mak+1 ^! ,indians use ! p]=at$ %\ld] blade ( a de] or o!r animal4#be 8,radisson f\nd t ! e>ly ,buf ,si\x ( ! upp] ,mississippi ,valley tipp$ _! arr[s ) antl] po9ts4 ,a few antl] arr[-po9ts h be5 f\nd 9 ,wiscons94 ,^! are simil> to ^? recov]$ 9 ,ohio dur+ ! rec5t explorations ( ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,mills4 ,9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collection is a portion ( an antl] :i* is ornam5t$ ) incis$ designs4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! city ( ,manit[oc4 ,9 ! same collection is a small human effigy c>v$ f a piece ( antl]4 ,o!r antl] objects f\nd 9 ,wiscons9 include awls1 a p5dant1 a tube1 & sev]al articles ! exact function ( :i* is /ill undet]m9$4 ,cut sections ( antl] are occasionally f\nd on local village-sites4 ,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,s*uma*]1 at ,gre5 ,bay1 is a pipe made ( ! tip ( a buffalo-horn4 ,on its surface are sev]al incis$ figures4 ,pieces ( ! tusk ( a mammo? 7 obta9$ ) o!r articles 9 a ,grant ,c\nty m\nd4 ,d\btless a mu* l>g] numb] ( bo? bone & antl] implem5ts w yet be f\nd 9 ,wiscons94 ,local ar*ologi/s h b rec5tly turn$ _! att5tion to ^!40 ,,*apt] ,,xxx ,,objects ,,( ,,copp] ,mr4 ,*>les ,e4 ,br[n1 ,dean ( ! ,museum ( ! ,wiscons9 ,hi/orical ,society1 ,madison1 has prep>$ = me ?is *apt] on copp] objects4 ,mr4 ,br[n's long association ) ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum1 & 8 k ( copp] collections ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h made him an au?ority on ?is subject4 ,i h add$ a few conclud+ p>agraphs to ,mr4 ,br[n's able pap]4 ,! ,native ,copp] ,implem5ts ( ,wiscons9 ,! numb] ( native copp] articles already recov]$ f ,wiscons9 fields1 village-sites1 m\nds1 & graves is v l>ge1 possibly exce$+ t already obta9$ f ! balance ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a c>eful e/imate places ! total numb] ( su* articles collect$ 9 ! /ate up to ! pres5t "t at n less ?an tw5ty ?\s&4 ,al?\gh ! collect+ ( ^! implem5ts 9 ,wiscons9 has already cont9u$ = ne>ly =ty ye>s ! supply has n yet become exhau/$4 ,! op5+ to cultivation ( new l&s 9 ! c5tral & nor!rn portions ( ! /ate1 ! increase 9 ! numb] ( collectors1 & ! m c>eful exam9ation ( old sites1 cause ea* pass+ ye> to add its l>ge numb] to ! total already 9 collections4 ,9 an address deliv]$ 9 #ahgf be=e ! ,wiscons9 ,hi/orical ,society1 ,pr(essor ,james ,d4 ,butl] made ! /atem5t t ! ,society 0 !n ! pr\d possessor ( #aji native copp] implem5ts4 ,! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution !n own$ #cj specim5s2 ! ,wiscons9 ,natural ,hi/ory ,society ( ,milwaukee1 #ad2 ,dr4 ,increase ,a4 ,lapham1 #aa2 ,milton ,college1 #d2 & ,beloit ,college1 #a4 ,at ! pres5t day !re are 9 ! comb9$ collections ( ! ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum1 ,logan ,museum at ,beloit1 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum1 & ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton & ( ,mr4 ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell ne>ly f\r ?\s& specim5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #efh4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,a gr\p ( copp] nuggets & implem5ts own$ by ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell1 ,ripon1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #efi4 7,s4 #e-h47 ,copp] beads & small cyl9d]s4 ,collection ( ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell1 ,ripon1 ,wiscons94 ,a v l>ge numb] ( o!r specim5s are 9 o!r public & private collections 9 ,wiscons9 & o!r /ates4 ,to ! activity ( ! ,wiscons9 ,ar*ological ,society & ( its memb]s is due ! v great increase 9 rec5t ye>s ( ! numb] ( copp] implem5ts 9 local educational in/itutions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #egj4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,copp] gorget1 ,w4 ,h4 ,ellswor?'s collection4 ,copp] beads1 ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton's collection4 ,! gorget came f ! banks ( ,silv] ,lake1 ,k5o%a ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,!re is evid5ce to %[ t 9 pione] days a v consid]able numb] ( su* implem5ts1 _! value be+ unappreciat$1 f\nd _! way into ! h&s ( rov+ p$l]s & junk deal]s & aft]w>ds into ! f\nd]'s crucible4 ,9 sev]al in/itutions are implem5ts :i* h be5 rescu$ f su* a fate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ega4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,copp] & /one p5dants f ! cemet]y at ! m\? ( ! ,waba%4 ,&ov] collection4 ,o!rs h be5 f\nd useful by _! orig9al f9d]s & :olly or p>tially de/roy$4 ,i cont9ue3 ,! conclusion n[ univ]sally accept$ among ar*ologi/s is t !re is no reason = attribut+ ! work+ ( ! copp] deposits or fabrication ( ! implem5ts to any o!r p ?an ! ,indians4 ,! e>ly explor]s f\nd bo? ! nor!rn & s\!rn tribes 9 ?is c\ntry us+ implem5ts & ornam5ts ( native copp] (t5 9 common ) ^? ( /one4 ,f ,s\? ,am]ica almo/ to ,canada v>i\s travell]s ref] to ?is metal be+ 9 ! possession ( or employ$ by ! natives4 ,_m ( ^! acc\nts h be5 s (t5 quot$ by writ]s on ,nor? ,am]ican ar*ology t !y are entirely famili> to ! /ud5t1 & !re is !re=e no necessity ( repeat+ !m "h4 ,!re is no d\bt t "s ( ^! acc\nts ref] to ,european metal obta9$ f e>li] visitors or trad]s1 or possibly f %ipwrecks along ! coa/4 ,?us ! natives soon became q pr(ici5t 9 fa%ion+ x into articles adapt$ or bett] adapt$ to _! ne$s ?an ! rud] articles :i* !y !n employ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #egb4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,copp] ornam5t & discs f ! ,hopewell ,gr\p1 ,ohio4 ,x is equally c]ta9 t o!r acc\nts ref] to ! native metal or to objects fa%ion$ !refrom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #egc4 7,s4 #g-h47 ,copp] axe1 ,h>ness ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 ,pr(essor ,mills /ates3 8,?is axe 0 tak5 f a m\nd belong+ to a gr\p eight miles s\? ( ,*illico!4 ,bo? sides ( ! object are greatly corrod$ & cov]$ ) a f9ely wov5 fabric4 ,b5ea? ! fabric !re seems to h be5 ! sk9 ( "s %ort-hair$ animal4 ,! axe 0 f\nd ne> ! left knee ( an uncremat$ skeleton40 ,:e!r ! work+ ( ! copp] deposits or ! fabrication ( copp] implem5ts 9 ?is section ( ! c\ntry1 ?\ght to h be5 begun at lea/ sev]al c5turies be=e1 0 discont9u$ be=e ! com+ ( ! :ite man1 or :e!r ! indu/ry 0 cont9u$ or at lea/ to "s ext5t resum$ by ! desc5dants ( ! pre-,columbian m9]s & artific]s dur+ & aft] 8 intrusion1 is /ill 9 dispute4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ?is matt] w ev] be satisfactorily settl$4 ,! acc\nts ( ! ,jesuits1 z giv5 9 ! 8,relations10 give ! impression t :ile ! ,wiscons9 ,indians ( t p]iod 7 evid5tly famili> ) ! s\rces ( ! metal1 !y reg>d$ x ) sup]/ition & employ$ x only 9 a rev]5tial way4 ,radisson1 h[ev]1 f\nd native copp] ornam5ts 9 use among ! ,buf 7or ,buffalo7 b& ( ,dakota1 9 ,m9nesota 9 #affa-fb4 ,alex&] ,h5ry1 z a result ( 8 visit to ,lake ,sup]ior 9 a lat] day1 /at$ t ! ,indians !re obta9$ copp] = ! manufacture ( implem5ts & ornam5ts4 ,9 rec5t times1 ,indian ag5ts te/ifi$ to ! use ( copp] implem5ts among ! ,wiscons9 ,w9nebago & ,*ippewa4 ,native copp] implem5ts h also occasionally be5 recov]$ f local m\nds1 :]e !y 7 f\nd 9 association ) metal kettles1 glass beads1 & o!r articles ( ,european manufacture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #egd4 7,s4 ab\t #a-a47 ,f a m\nd on ! banks ( ,black ,snake ,riv]1 ,utah4 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 ,! evid5ce ( ! m\nds & ( ! e>li] village-sites is to ! effect t be=e ! com+ ( :ite man ! use ( copp] _h become q g5]al among ! ,indian tribes ( ! upp] ,mississippi ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ege4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,copp] spuds or axes4 ,collection ( ,logan ,museum1 ,beloit1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #egf4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,collection ( ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell1 ,ripon1 ,wiscons94 ,x is v probable t ! native metal fir/ became kn[n to !m ?r\gh ! accid5tal discov]y ( small nuggets among ! debris ( ! glaci]s1 & z x quickly came into dem&1 0 trac$ to its s\rce 9 ! ,lake ,sup]ior region4 ,^! deposits !y m9$1 cutt+ x into %apes conv5i5t = transportation to _! villages1 :]e x 0 fa%ion$ into articles = _! own use1 or = ! purpose ( trade ) di/ant tribes4 ,n[h]e 9 ?is entire valley d copp] implem5ts1 h[ev]1 appe> to h entirely replac$ ^? ( /one1 ! use ( :i* 0 cont9u$ until q rec5t times4 ,! manufacture ( copp] implem5ts d\btless ext5d$ ?r\gh sev]al c5turies4 ,! ,si\an ,w9nebago & ,dakota ( ,wiscons91 be+ ne>e/ ! s\rce ( supply1 possess$ ( c\rse ! greate/ quantity4 ,ev5 among !m ! use ( copp] artifacts did n 9 prehi/oric times equal ! use ( o!rs4 ,among ! outly+ tribes 9 o!r /ates copp] implem5ts 7 yet probably some:at ( a luxury1 :5 ! intrusion ( ! ,algonquian tribes into ,wiscons9 made m & m difficult1 & f9ally altoge!r %ut out access to ! ,lake ,sup]ior m9es4 ,x appe>s c]ta9 t ! ,*ippewa aft] _! occupation ( ! copp] region1 did d at lea/ a small am\nt ( digg+ = ! metal :i* = purposes ( trade1 or = o!r uses1 !y f\nd ( value4 ,?is cont9u$ until ! arrival ( ! trad]s lad5 ) desirable articles caus$ a susp5sion ( m9+ op]ations1 & div]t$ ! att5tion ( ! ,indian f m9+ to o!r pursuits4444 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #egg4 7,s4 #e-aa47 ,copp] awls & *isels4 ,collection ( ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell1 ,ripon1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #egh4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,copp] axes4 ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton's collection1 ,two ,riv]s1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #egi4 7,s4 ab\t #a-b47 ,copp] *isels2 ! left & c5tral ones 7 f\nd ne> ,cl9tonville1 ,waupaca ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,! "r-h& "o1 ne> ,*ilton1 ,calumet ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 ,fabrication ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ehj4 7,s4 ab\t #a-d47 ,?ree copp] pun*es & sev5 *isels4 ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton's collection1 ,two ,riv]s1 ,wiscons94 ,our native copp] implem5ts 7 fa%ion$ by be+ hamm]$ into %ape :ile ! metal 0 9 a cold or heat$ /ate ) su* rude implem5ts z 7 at ! comm& ( ! natives1 ! f9i%+ t\*es be+ giv5 by cutt+ & trimm+ ! unev5 edges ) %>p fl9ts & smoo?+ ! surfaces by rubb+ or gr9d+ ) /ones4 ,successful exp]im5ts 9 reproduc+ ! v>i\s =ms ( implem5ts f ! native or nodul> copp] by ^! primitive processes h be5 made by ! late ,frank ,h4 ,cu%+1 & by o!r ar*ologi/s4 ,mr4 ,g]>d ,f[ke is au?ority = ! foll[+ /atem5t3-- 8,s f> z its work+ qualities are conc]n$1 copp] at ord9>y temp]ature is mu* m malleable ?an pure s(t iron2 & x is mu* m easily work$ into %ape :5 at a r$ heat ?an :5 cold4 ,if hamm]$ cold x mu/ be anneal$ occasionally1 o!rwise x becomes brittle4 ,x is some:at h>d5$ by p\nd+1 :i* w acc\nt = ! h>d] edge ( celts & o!r aborig9al specim5s beat5 out ?940#bf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eha4 7,s4 #a-e47 ,collection ( ,j4 ,t4 ,re$]1 ,h\ghton1 ,mi*igan4 #ac copp] spuds1 #d pick-po9t$ knives1 #d knives4 ,all except "o f ,mi*igan4 ,! !ory t any ( ^! implem5ts may h be5 ca/ is n[ disc>d$ by ar*ologi/s4 ,!re is no evid5ce to %[ t our local aborig9es possess$ any k ( ! work+ ( ?is metal 9 ! broad s5se4 8,ev5 if copp] c\ld be melt$ 9 an op5 fire1 :i* is v d\btful1 x mu/ n be ov]look$ t ,indians _h no mat]ials ( :i* to make crucibles or m\lds capable ( )/&+ su* heat4 ,admitt+ !y _h clay receptacles :i* w\ld h answ]$ ^! purposes1 !re is no way ( h&l+ ! molt5 metal ) safety40#bg ,:ile x is probable t _m copp] implem5ts 7 fabricat$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! work+s1 x is n[ p]fectly cle> t fragm5ts ( ! native ore 7 also c>ri$ away to be cut up & fa%ion$ into implem5ts else:]e4 ,! possession ( su* masses by ! aborig9es 0 not$ by ! e>ly explor]s & mission>ies4 ,on ! ext5sive village-sites at ,two ,riv]s1 ,%eboygan1 ,gre5 ,lake1 & else:]e h be5 obta9$ num]\s small *ips1 scales1 & fragm5ts ( copp]1 pla9ly indicat+ t ! manufacture ( implem5ts 0 c>ri$ on !re4 ,else:]e 9 ! /ate h be5 f\nd lumps ( ! metal exhibit+ tool-m>ks1 & o!r indications ( work+4 ,di/ribution ,to fully discuss ?is phase ( ! subject w\ld require _m pages4 ,! /ud5t mu/ !re=e cont5t himself ) su* in=mation z c be cond5s$ into a comp>atively limit$ space4 ,implem5ts & ornam5ts ( native copp] are di/ribut$ commonly or sp>+ly ?r\gh\t a l>ge portion ( ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 "s /ates we/ ( ! ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,outside ( our own /ate1 numb]s ( !m h be5 recov]$ 9 ,m9nesota1 ,i[a1 ,ill9ois1 ,ohio1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia1 & also f ! m\nds & /one graves & village-sites 9 ! /ates ( ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia4 ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore1 ^: explorations h be5 v ext5sive1 has report$ _! exi/5ce 9 ! m\nds ( ,florida & else:]e 9 ! extreme ,s\?4 ,f five m\nds on ! ,/4 ,john's ,riv] 9 ,florida he obta9$ ornam5ts ( %eet-copp] ) rep\ss designs1 beads ( %eet-copp]1 beads ( wood1 %ell1 & lime/one copp] coat$1 copp] effigies ( ! turtle & ! s]p5t1 & pi]c+ implem5ts ( copp]4 ,dr4 ,c4 ,c4 ,abbott long ago record$ ! exi/5ce ( copp] implem5ts 9 ! ,delaw>e ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ehb4 7,s4 #c-d47 ,copp] g\ges4 ,! "o to ! left 0 f\nd ne> ,we/=d1 ,dodge ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,! "o to ! "r 0 f\nd ne> ,*ilton1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ehc4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,copp] spud f ,m]c]1 ,iron ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,loan$ to ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum by ,mr4 ,r4 ,l4 ,ball4 ,z a result ( 8 rese>*es1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,m4 ,beau*amp rec5tly issu$ "u ! auspices ( ! ,univ]sity ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 at ,albany1 two f9ely illu/rat$ bullet9s1 "o descriptive ( ! metallic implem5ts & ! o!r ( ! metallic ornam5ts ( ! ,new ,york ,indians4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ehd4 7,s4 #e-f47 ,copp] axe4 ,f\nd 9 a m\nd on ,gre5 ,bay ,road1 "o mile nor? ( ,milwaukee4 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 ,pr(essor ,g4 ,h4 ,p]k9s /ates t objects ( ?is metal are f> m num]\s 9 ,new ,engl& ?an ^? ( bone or %ell4 ,!y are f\nd n only on ! surface1 b 9 ! graves z well4 ,!y are simil> 9 =m to ,wiscons9 artifacts1 & he believes x probable t all are made ( metal obta9$ f ! ,lake ,sup]ior di/rict4 ,dr4 ,david ,boyle & o!rs h call$ our att5tion to ! pres5ce ( native copp] implem5ts 9 bo? ea/]n & we/]n ,canada4 ,!re is no long] any d\bt t mu* ( ?is metal 0 ?us di/ribut$1 ei!r 9 ! unwork$ /ate or z f9i%$ artifacts1 9 ! c\rse ( ! trades or regul> ex*anges kn[n to h be5 c>ri$ on betwe5 ! aborig9es hold+ possession ( ! copp] di/rict & ^? ( o!r regions4 ,a description ( ! ,wiscons9 di/ricts f :i* ! greate/ numb] ( su* artifacts h be5 recov]$ up to ! pres5t "t may be giv5 z ext5d+ f ab\t ! middle ( ,milwaukee ,c\nty1 nor?w>d along ! we/ %ore ( ,lake ,mi*igan to ,door ,c\nty1 !nce we/w>d to ! ,wiscons9 ,riv] or slightly beyond1 !nce s\?w>d along ?is /ream to ,dane ,c\nty & ea/w>d to ,milwaukee ,c\nty1 ! />t+-po9t4 ,embrac$ )9 ?is t]ritory are ! ext5sive lake %ore village-sites1 f :i* ?\s&s ( articles h already be5 recov]$1 & c]ta9 well-kn[n sites 9 ,gre5 ,lake & adjo9+ c\nties1 ! ,ru% ,lake1 ,lake ,*etek1 & simil>ly productive regions4 ,! am\nt ( copp] implem5ts obta9$ f ! m\nds & graves ( ,wiscons9 is v small :5 comp>$ ) ! quantity obta9$ f ! village-sites & fields4 ,classes & ,functions ,! native copp] artifacts ( ,wiscons9 admit ( sep>ation into two pr9cipal classes1 designat$ z implem5ts & ornam5ts4 ,( ^! ! =m] class is by f> ! m num]\s4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,p4 ,hamilton e/imates t articles ( utility con/itute fully #ie p] c5t ( ! copp] artifacts f\nd 9 ,wiscons94 ,x is b natural t on acc\nt ( its proximity to ! s\rce ( supply we %\ld f9d 9 our own /ate n only a m b\ntiful supply ( implem5ts1 b a great] range ( classes1 types1 & v>ieties z well4 ,! correctness ( ?is conclusion is prov5 beyond d\bt4 ,9 ! matt] ( ! numb] & arti/ic excell5ce ( its copp] ornam5ts & objects ( a c]emonial nature1 ,wiscons91 :ile possess+ "s types app>5tly peculi> to itself1 _c prop]ly be said to lead4 ,! arti/ically cut or emboss$ %eet-copp] discs1 gorgets1 & plates1 ! spool-%ap$ objects & copp]-%ea!d /one & wood5 ornam5ts ( ,ohio1 ,ill9ois1 & ! ,s\?1 are "h conspicu\s by _! almo/ total abs5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ehe4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,copp] spud ) incis$ zigzag decoration4 ,fond du ,lac1 ,wiscons94 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 ,no "o ,wiscons9 collection conta9s all ( ! classes & types ( ! implem5ts describ$ 9 ?is bullet94 ,an exam9ation ( almo/ any local copp] cab9et1 h[ev] small1 is almo/ c]ta9 to reveal ! pres5ce ( "s object t is orig9al or peculi>2 or "s v>iation ( a well-kn[n type n else:]e to be se54 ,! difficulties att5d+ ! mak+ ( a prop] classification are !re=e app>5t4 ,especially among ! objects class$ z arr[- & spe>-po9ts ! numb] ( well-e/abli%$ types1 ( v>ieties & infrequ5t =ms1 is p>ticul>ly num]\s4 ,9 a some:at less] degree ?is is also true ( o!r classes ( implem5ts4 ,among spe>- & arr[-po9ts especially1 !re appe>s to be a gradual developm5t f ! primitive leaf-%ap$1 ?r\gh ! /emm$1 to ! num]\s & well-execut$ socket$ =ms4 ,9 ?is case ! important elem5t 9 ! transition f "o =m to ano!r is 9 ! mann] ( haft+4 ,a gradual transition 9 "s in/ances f well-m>k$ types ( "o class into ^? ( ano!r may also be not$4 ,! uses ( _m ( ^! implem5ts1 because ( _! close resemblance to mod]n articles1 are readily und]/ood4 ,! precise function ( o!rs is n s readily asc]ta9$4 ,an exam9ation ( a l>ge s]ies ( any ( ^! %\ld conv9ce u t ea* _h its special function1 al?\gh probably also employ$ = su* o!r exig5cies z might arise4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages ! v>i\s classes ( local copp] implem5ts & ornam5ts are describ$ & su* in=mation & sugge/ions conc]n+ _! workman%ip1 purposes1 frequ5cy1 & di/ribution giv5 z is n[ obta9able4 ,axes ,l>ge numb]s ( ^! implem5ts h be5 recov]$ f ,wiscons9 soil & are to-day repres5t$ by "o or sev]al examples 9 ne>ly e local copp] collection4 ,!y v>y 9 weight f half a p\nd to ?ree p\nds1 r>ely m1 & 9 size f ?ree to t5 in*es4 ,s f> z is kn[n no haft$ copp] axe has yet be5 recov]$4 ,probably ! usual & mo/ satisfactory me?od ( haft+ "o ( ^! implem5ts 0 to ins]t x betwe5 ! p>ts ( a cleft /ick1 to :i* x 0 aft]w>ds secur$ by w9d+ ! /ick above & bel[ x ) /rips ( hide1 a numb] ( turns be+ also tak5 ar\nd or across x4 ,!re are at lea/ ?ree well-e/abli%$ types ( ^! implem5ts1 :i* may be briefly describ$ z foll[s3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ehf4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,copp] axe1 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,copp] *isel1 ne> ,*>le/on1 ,calumet ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 #a4 ,^? :i* are oblong or ne>ly oblong 9 outl9e1 hav+ ! edges p>allel or ne>ly s1 & ^: bread? is su* z to exclude !m f ! class ( implem5ts kn[n z *isels4 ,specim5s range f less ?an f\r up to sev5 or m in*es 9 l5g?4 ,!y are g5]ally ( ne>ly uni=m ?ickness ?r\gh\t4 7,see ,figs4 #egf1 #egh47 ,a v>iety ( ! above type has ! m>g9 at ! edges slightly elevat$1 ?us giv+ a depress$ or concave surface 9 ! c5tre1 & f end to end1 on "o or bo? broad faces ( ! axe4 ,9 "s examples ?is m>g9 is fully "o half in* 9 wid? at or ne> ! middle ( ! axe4 ,a curi\s feature ( "s examples ( ?is uncommon =m is ! concave cutt+ edge4 ,su* implem5ts are to be se5 9 a numb] ( ! l>g] public & private collections 9 ,wiscons94 ,s f> z c be asc]ta9$ no examples ( ^! curi\s axes h be5 obta9$ 9 surr\nd+ /ates1 :]e ! normal =m also occurs4 #b4 ,axes ) /raight1 tap]+ edges4 ,!y are wide/ at ! cutt+ edge & become gradually n>r[] t[>ds ! head1 :i* is ei!r squ>e1 r\nd$1 or po9t$4 ,! cutt+ edge is /raight or convex4 ,?is appe>s to be ! mo/ common type ( copp] axe4 ,! l>ge/ example kn[n is f\rte5 in*es 9 l5g? & ! smalle/ only two in*es4 ,! l>ge specim5 comes f ,neillsville1 ,cl>k ,c\nty1 & is 9 ! ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum4 7,see ,fig4 #egh47 #c4 ,a ?ird & less frequ5t type has ! edges curv+ equally f ! cutt+ edge to ! head4 ,mo/ examples are q ?91 broad & flat4 ,! head is squ>e & sometimes ne>ly z broad z ! cutt+ edge4 ,by reason ( _! broad1 exp&+ cutt+ edges1 "s ( ^! axes may be appropriately describ$ z bell-%ap$4 ,f9e specim5s ( ?is type are to be se5 9 ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum1 & 9 o!r collections4 ,^! axes approa* ! mod]n axes 9 =m4 ,9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collection is a not*$ copp] axe :i* comes f ! vic9ity ( ,horicon4 ,x is r rude & is irregul>ly oval 9 outl9e4 ,mr4 ,m4 ,c4 ,long has 9 8 ,kansas ,city collection ! only groov$ copp] axe kn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ehg4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,copp] spud1 ,isl& ,lake1 ne> ,gagan1 ,oneida ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 ,copp] axes 7 well adapt$ alike = peaceful & w>like pursuits4 ,9 ! h&s ( ! ,wiscons9 aborig9es !y 7 und\bt$ly useful implem5ts1 sup]s$+ at be/ ! clumsy /one axe or hat*et1 & possibly be+ 9 _! turn laid aside = ! m s]viceable iron axe ( ! fur-trad]4 ,employ$ 9 w>f>e or ! *ase !y w\ld be t]rible weapons4 ,z tools !y 7 probably especially useful 9 ! fell+ ( trees1 ! %ap+ ( log canoes1 ! erection ( dwell+s1 b>ricades1 & /ockades4 ,!y may h be5 employ$ 9 connection ) or )\t fire4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t "s ( ! small] implem5ts may h s]v$ z w$ges4 ,*isels4 7,see ,figs4 #egg1 #egi1 #ehj47 ,! aborig9al copp] implem5ts kn[n z *isels are ( ne>ly z frequ5t occurr5ce 9 local cab9ets z ! implem5ts ( ! =ego+ class4 ,9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collection !re is to be se5 an especially f9e s]ies ( at lea/ a doz5 or m examples1 rang+ 9 size f five to fifte5 in*es & 9 weight f five ounces to five & ?ree f\r?s p\nds4 ,an equally f9e s]ies is 9 ! ,field ,museum4 ,! (fice ( ^! f9e implem5ts probably includ$ ! excavat+ ( wood5 canoes1 mort>s1 & o!r vessels4 ,_! employm5t 9 connection ) ! m9+ op]ations ( ! ,indians has be5 m5tion$4 ,"s specim5s exhibit ^u _! heads ! flatt5+ :i* w\ld result f _! be+ us$ 9 conjunction ) a wood5 mallet1 club1 /one1 or o!r weighty object4 ,o!rs %[ no su* m>ks & 7 probably employ$ )\t su* ag5cies4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,m4 ,beau*amp /ates t a l>ge proportion ( ! copp] articles f\nd 9 ,new ,york are ( ! celt 7axe7 or *isel =m4 ,pr(essor ,g4 ,h4 ,p]k9s has describ$ simil> implem5ts f ,new ,engl&4 ,at lea/ ?ree di/9ct types ( ^! implem5ts are kn[n to occur 9 ,wiscons93-- #a4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is broade/ at ! cutt+ edge4 ,! edges tap] gradually upw>d f ! cutt+ edge to a po9t$1 r\nd$1 or squ>$ head4 ,!y are usually ?icke/ at or bel[ ! middle1 ! flat or convex surface slop+ t[>d ! n>r[ extremity4 ,"s ( ^! h ! upp] surface convex & ! l[] surface flat4 ,! broad or n>r[ sides may be ei!r convex or flat4 ,f9e implem5ts ( ?is =m are to be se5 9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton1 ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum1 & o!r local collections4 ,a few approa* f\rte5 in*es 9 l5g?4 7,see ,fig4 #egi47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ehh4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,back view ( ,fig4 #ehg4 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 #b4 ,a second type is ( ne>ly uni=m wid? ?r\gh\t1 ) /raight1 p>allel edges4 ,a specim5 9 ! ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell collection has a cutt+ edge at ei!r extremity4 ,implem5ts ( ?is type are to be se5 9 v>i\s ,wiscons9 cab9ets4 ,!y range f ab\t five to t5 or m in*es 9 l5g?1 & f "o & "o half to two in*es 9 wid?4 7,see ,fig4 #ehj47 #c4 ,a ?ird & less frequ5t type is *>act]iz$ by a m or less prom95t m$ian ridge1 :i* trav]ses its upp] surface f )9 an in* or m ( ! cutt+ edge to ! opposite extremity4 ,f ?is ridge ! surface bevels (f ev5ly on ei!r side t[>d ! edge4 ,! l[] surface is usually flat1 ?us giv+ a triangul> section4 ,! edges are g5]ally p>allel = at lea/ ?ree qu>t]s ( ! di/ance back f ! cutt+ edge1 :5ce !y tap] or curve gradually to ! r\nd$ head4 ,a few are ( ne>ly uni=m wid? ?r\gh\t1 ) an angul> or squ>$ head4 ,sev]al ( ^! implem5ts h ! upp] extremity abruptly n>r[$ & prolong$ into a %ort tang1 z if int5d$ to be set into a wood5 h&le4 ,a few are curv$ or b[$ f extremity to extremity4 ,"s specim5s h an exp&$1 curv$ cutt+ edge4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ ( ^! ridg$ *isels is f\rte5 & ?ree f\r?s in*es 9 l5g?4 ,x is 9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collection & comes f ! t[n ( ,o%ko%1 ,w9nebago ,c\nty4 7,see specim5 to ! left1 ,fig4 #egi47 ,spuds4 7,see ,figs4 #eha1 #ehc47 ,9 nor?we/]n ,wiscons9 h be5 obta9$ a limit$ numb] ( copp] implem5ts be>+ a close resemblance 9 =m to "s ( ! s-call$ /one spuds or spade-%ap$ implem5ts1 aft] :i* !y 7 probably patt]n$4 ,!y are r broad1 flat implem5ts1 ( ne>ly uni=m ?ickness ?r\gh\t1 & f six to eight or m in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! broad1 n>r[ blades are semicircul> or cresc5tic 9 outl9e4 ,f !m ! h&le tap]s backw>d to a squ>$ or slightly r\nd$ extremity4 ,! n>r[ sides are flatt5$4 ,! au?or is indebt$ to ,pr(essor ,t4 ,h4 ,lewis = sket*es & in=mation 9 reg>d to "s ( ^!1 :i* 7 obta9$ by him at ,lake ,*etek1 ,b>ron ,c\nty1 ,wiscons92 at ,/4 ,paul1 ,m9nesota1 & at ,ontonagon1 ,mi*igan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ehi4 7,s4 #f-g47 ,copp] spud f ne> ,pewaukee ,lake1 ,wauke%a ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eij4 7,s4 #c-e47 ,copp] spe>4 ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell's collection1 ,ripon1 ,wiscons94 ,! conclusion1 probably correct1 9 reg>d to ^! implem5ts is t !y 7 employ$1 l ! /one & mod]n iron implem5ts :i* !y resemble1 9 /ripp+ b>k f trees & = simil> purposes4 ,g\ges4 7,see ,figs4 #ehb1 #ehe47 ,^! implem5ts are closely alli$ to ! *isels1 f :i* !y are di/+ui%$ by ! pres5ce on _! l[] surface ( a concavity sometimes rea*+ q to ! middle4 ,!y are well adapt$ = work+ out r\nd$ or oval holes or holl[s1 & 9 ,wiscons9 are g5]ally consid]$ to h be5 wood-work+ tools4 ,else:]e !y 7 probably also employ$ l ! m common /one g\ges 9 qu>ry+ & work+ /eatite1 catl9ite1 & simil> deposits useful to ! aborig9es4 ,su* implem5ts are to be se5 9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton1 ,field ,museum1 & "o or two o!r collections4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eia4 7,s4 ab\t #a-a47 ,copp] spe>s4 ,f\nd on ,bluff ,po9t1 ne> ,p5n ,yan1 ,new ,york4 ,collection ( ,l4 ,g4 ,ogd51 ,p5n ,yan1 ,new ,york4 ,sev]al specim5s kn[n to ! au?or approa* sev5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,pr(essor ,p]k9s m5tions copp] g\ges z be+ r>e 9 ,new ,engl&1 :]e /one g\ges are a common & *>act]i/ic implem5t4 ,nei!r /one nor metal g\ges are ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ,wiscons94 ,adzes ,^! implem5ts h also be5 call$ spuds1 w+$ *isels1 & hoes4 ,( ^! ! t]m 8spud10 ?\gh unsatisfactory1 appe>s to be t 9 mo/ g5]al use at ! pres5t "t4 ,?is "n1 z has already be5 %[n1 is likewise appli$ to a r num]\s class ( /one implem5ts ( q diff]5t patt]n & use4 ,sev]al !ories z to ! possible function ( ^! implem5ts h be5 advanc$4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t !y 7 ice-cutt+ tools1 or agricultural implem5ts4 ,an exam9ation ( a l>ge s]ies ( !m sugge/s ! correctness ( ! n[ prevail+ op9ion t !y 7 employ$ 9 %ap+ wood5 canoes & execut+ tasks ( a l nature4 ,prop]ly haft$1 _! g5]al adaptability to su* s]vice is pla94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eib4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,v>i\s copp] implem5ts4 ,univ]sity ( ,v]mont collection4 ,a some:at simil> tool is also employ$ by mod]n woodwork]s4 #a4 ,!re are at lea/ two well-m>k$ types ( ^! implem5ts4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is g5]ally ne>ly squ>e1 less frequ5tly oblong 9 outl9e4 ,! flanges ( ! implem5t are turn$ inw>d to =m a socket1 at ! base ( :i* is a hip or %\ld]1 aga9/ :i* ! tip ( ! wood5 h&le abuts4 ,! blade is elevat$ above ! socket & is provid$ ) a /raight or slightly curv$ cutt+ edge4 ,! back ( ! implem5t1 opposite ! socket1 is flat or transv]sely convex1 & slopes or curves d[nw>d to ! cutt+ edge4 ,?is is c]ta9ly ! mo/ common type1 & has be5 obta9$ 9 _m p>ts ( ,wiscons91 ,mi*igan1 & ,m9nesota4 ,examples h also be5 collect$ 9 ,ohio1 ,ill9ois1 & ,i[a4 ,! av]age specim5 appe>s to be ab\t ?ree in*es 9 l5g? by two & a half in*es 9 wid?4 ,! smalle/ kn[n is only "o & a f\r? in*es & ! l>ge/ six & a f\r? in*es 9 l5g?4 ,f9e s]ies ( ^! implem5ts are to be se5 9 ! ,logan ,museum1 ,field ,museum1 ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum1 ,milwaukee ,museum1 ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton1 & o!r collections4 ,9 weight adzes ( ?is type v>y f a few ounces to "o & a half or m p\nds4 7,fig4 #eha47 #b4 ,a second type diff]s f ! prec$+ ma9ly 9 ! fact t ! extremity ( ! socket is angul> 9 outl9e & t ! flanges are b5t /raight upw>d or inw>d1 in/ead ( curv$4 ,! hip at ! base ( ! socket is also (t5 abs5t4 ,! back is g5]ally flat or transv]sely r\nd$1 & 9 "s specim5s trav]s$ f ! top to ! cutt+ edge by a pron\nc$ m$ian ridge4 ,a specim5 9 ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum has ! middle ( its back ornam5t$ ) a d\ble r[ ( zigzag incisions4 ,its blade is also ornam5t$4 7,fig4 #ehc47 ,^! implem5ts are z a class l>g] ?an ! =ego+4 ,( a doz5 or m examples :i* ! writ] has exam9$ 9 ! ,hamilton & o!r local cab9ets1 none are bel[ five in*es 9 l5g? & two & a f\r? in*es 9 bread?1 ! l>ge/ kn[n be+ six in*es 9 l5g? & ?ree in*es 9 bread?4 ,! weight ( ^! specim5s ranges f twelve ounces to ne>ly two p\nds4 ,!re are also a small numb] ( peculi> =ms1 ea* repres5t$ by a s+le example4 ,^! v>y 9 ! l5g? & bread? ( ! flanges & ! %ape ( ! blade4 ,:5 a suffici5t numb] ( ^! %all h be5 recov]$1 x may be advisable to exp& ! pres5t classification to include !m4 ,_m ( ! implem5ts includ$ 9 ! adze class are admirable = _! symmetry & p]fection4 ,a specim5 secur$ 9 ! ,lake ,sup]ior region has a portion ( ! wood5 h&le /ill fitt$ 9 ! socket4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eic4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,copp] *isel & awls4 ,logan ,museum collection1 ,beloit1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eid4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,copp] spe>s4 ,collection ( ! ,logan ,museum1 ,beloit1 ,wiscons94 ,spatulas ,( ! copp] implem5ts kn[n z spatulas only a small numb] ( examples h z yet be5 recov]$ 9 ,wiscons94 ,! blade ( ^! artifacts is usually broad & ?9 & irregul>ly r\nd$ or some:at triangul> 9 outl9e4 ,! h&le is %ort1 seldom m ?an ?ree eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 & ne>ly squ>e or some:at rectangul> 9 section4 ,specim5s are to be se5 9 ! ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum1 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum1 & o!r local collections4 ,!y range f f\r to ne>ly six in*es 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eie4 7,s4 ab\t #c-d47 ,copp] ridg$ spe>-po9t1 socket tang4 ,f ,coloma1 ,wauke%a ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eif4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,copp] spe>s4 ,collection ( ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton1 ,two ,riv]s1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eig4 7,s4 ab\t #c-e47 ,copp] knives4 ,left to "r3 ,h>t=d1 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,wiscons92 ,m]ton1 ,wauke%a ,c\nty1 ,wiscons92 ,wayne1 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,! ,rev]5d ,w4 ,h4 ,beau*amp has describ$ & figur$ bo? an iron & a copp] implem5t ( ?is class f ,new ,york4 ,! possible employm5t ( ^! implem5ts 9 ! %ap+ ( aborig9al e>!nw>e1 ! remov+ ( ! fle% f sk9s & bones1 & ( ! scales f fi%1 has be5 sugge/$4 ,!y are b poorly adapt$ = use z spoons4 ,! small numb] ( specim5s on h& at pres5t makes x undesirable to v5ture an op9ion ( _! utility4 ,knives4 7,figs4 #eig1 #eih47 ,9 po9t ( numb]s ^! easily rank second to ! num]\s class ( socket$ spe>-po9ts4 ,!y h be5 recov]$ 9 consid]able numb]s 9 _m p>ts ( ! /ate4 ,at lea/ f\r di/9ct types & "s int]m$iate & peculi> =ms are recogniz$4 ,! close resemblance ( "s ( ^! to ! :ite man's knife has frequ5tly be5 rem>k$ ^u4 #a4 ,! mo/ frequ5t =m has a usually /raight back & oblique curv$ or /raight cutt+ edge4 ,x is provid$ ) a g5]ally %ort1 tap]+1 po9t$ tang1 suitable = ins]tion into a wood51 bone1 or horn h&le4 ,su* knives1 rang+ 9 size f dim9utive specim5s "o in* 9 l5g? up to twelve in*es1 are n uncommon 9 local collections4 7,left specim51 ,fig4 #eig47 ,an exceptionally l>ge & f9e example 9 ! ,o%ko% ,libr>y collection measures sev5te5 & a half in*es 9 l5g? & weighs elev5 ounces4 ,! blade is "o & a half in*es 9 bread? at its base1 & ! tang is six in*es 9 l5g?4 ,a few h ! cutt+ edge ( ! blade bevel$4 ,9 ! ,r4 ,kuehne collection is a small hamm]$ native silv] knife ( ?is type :i* 0 obta9$ f ! vic9ity ( ,%eboygan4 ,a small numb] ( ^! knives h _! blades ornam5t$ ) incisions & ind5tations4 ,specim5s ( ^! are to be se5 9 ! ,h4 ,george ,s*uette1 ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton1 & o!r collections4 #b4 ,a second type is di/+ui%$ f ! prec$+ by ! great] bread? ( its broad curv$ blade1 :i* t]m9ates 9 a broadly r\nd$ po9t4 ,9 ?is /yle ( knife ! blade on "o or bo? sides is frequ5tly trav]s$ f po9t to tang by a pron\nc$ m$ian ridge4 ,! broad1 flat tang also t]m9ates 9 a blunt po9t4 ,su* implem5ts are to be se5 9 ! ,field ,museum1 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum1 ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum1 ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton1 & o!r collections4 ,^! v>y 9 size f six to twelve & ?ree f\r?s in*es 9 l5g? & f "o & a f\r? to two & an eigh? in*es 9 ! extreme bread? ( ! blade4 7,"o 9 ,fig4 #efh47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eih4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,copp] spe>s1 knives1 & arr[-po9ts4 ,collection ( ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell1 ,ripon1 ,wiscons94 #c4 ,a ?ird type1 locally kn[n z ! 8h&l$ copp] knife10 diff]s f ! prec$+ /yles ma9ly 9 hav+ ! tang s uni=mly broad z to obviate ! necessity ( a wood5 or o!r h&le4 ,only a small numb] ( ^! are 9 collections4 ,a f9e specim5 is sev5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! h&le is two & a half in*es 9 l5g?1 & ( a ne>ly uni=m bread? ( ?ree f\r?s ( an in*4 ,x comes f ,p>deeville1 ,columbia ,c\nty1 & is 9 ! ,logan ,museum at ,beloit4 ,a knife 9 ! ,j4 ,t4 ,re$] collection1 at ,h\ghton1 ,mi*igan1 has a broad copp] f]ule /ill encircl+ its tang4 ,! tip ( ! tang is b5t ov]1 meet+ ! f]ule4 7,fig4 #eha1 left specim51 ne> c5tre47 #d4 ,socket$ knives4 ,^! resemble ! knives ( ! type fir/ describ$ 9 ! %ape ( _! blades4 ,!y are provid$ ) a socket simil> to ^? ( ! socket$ spe>s4 ,a small numb] ( ^! h be5 f\nd & are to be se5 9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton1 ,h4 ,george ,s*uette1 & o!r ,wiscons9 collections4 ,!y range f two to n9e in*es 9 size4 ,9 ^! knives ! cutt+ edge is usually along ! "r1 r>ely along ! left side ( ! blade4 ,a specim5 9 a ,milwaukee collection has its blade ornam5t$ ) ind5tations4 ,a small numb] ( knives ( peculi> =ms are also to be se5 9 local cab9ets4 7,see ,fig4 #eig47 ,arr[- & ,spe>-,po9ts #a4 ,leaf-%ap$ po9ts4 7,fig4 #eih1 upp] "r-h& specim547 ,^! v>y consid]ably 9 =m & size1 measur+ f two to six or m in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! av]age size appe>s to be ab\t f\r in*es4 ,"s are oval 9 outl9e1 o!rs elliptical1 lanceolate1 or almond-%ap$1 ! elliptical =ms appe>+ to pr$om9ate4 ,! po9ts are n num]\s4 ,"o or m specim5s are to be se5 9 all ( ! l>g] ,wiscons9 collections4 ,a small numb] ( lanceolate =ms 9 ! ,hamilton collection h ! add$ feature ( a m$ian ridge :i* trav]ses ei!r side ( ! blade f end to end4 ,^! range f two & ?ree f\r?s to n9e in*es 9 l5g?4 #b4 ,/emm$1 flat po9ts4 7,fig4 #fjc--to ! "r4 ,fig4 #eih--l[] c5tral specim547 ,^! are ( q common occurr5ce 9 ,wiscons9 collections4 ,^! po9ts are g5]ally q flat & ( ne>ly uni=m ?ickness ?r\gh\t4 ,! /em is ( uni=m bread? or tap]s slightly t[>d its extremity4 ,9 ! =m] =m x sometimes exp&s at ! base4 ,! base is sometimes ind5t$4 ,9 ! ,field ,museum !re is a f9e specim5 ( ?is v>iety f ,montello1 ,m>quette ,c\nty4 ,x is ne>ly sev5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eii4 7,s4 #d-e47 ,copp] spe>-po9ts4 ,left to "r3 ,m]ton1 ,wauke%a ,c\nty1 ,wiscons92 ,colgate1 ,wauke%a ,c\nty1 ,wiscons92 ,wayne1 ,b>ton ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 ,! blade v>ies consid]ably 9 %ape & size4 ,! smalle/ example kn[n is "o & ?ree f\r?s & ! l>ge/ ab\t eight in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! av]age size appe>s to be ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,a v small numb] h ! face ( ! blade ornam5t$ ) ind5tations1 usually arrang$ 9 two p>allel r[s4 #b a4 ,ridg$ po9ts4 7,fig4 #eie47 ,^! & sev]al ( ! succe$+ =ms are1 /rictly speak+1 only well-e/abli%$ v>ieties ( ! prec$+ type4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance !y are di/+ui%$ by ! pres5ce ( a m$ian ridge :i* trav]ses bo? faces ( ! po9t1 usually f tip to tip4 ,?is is n a frequ5t =m4 ,! l>ge/ specim5 n[ kn[n measures six in*es 9 l5g?4 ,x is 9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton cab9et & 0 f\nd at ,two ,riv]s4 ,pr(essor ,t4 ,h4 ,lewis obta9$ a specim5 f a m\nd 9 ,pep9 ,c\nty4 ,o!r specim5s are 9 ! ,field ,museum & ,milwaukee ,public ,museum & sev]al private collections4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fjj4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,copp] spe>-heads4 ,rat-tail type4 ,logan ,museum collection1 ,beloit1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fja4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,copp] spe>s & knives4 ,collection ( ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell1 ,ripon1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fjb4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,copp] pun*1 hook$ end1 to "r2 f ,b>ton1 ,wiscons94 ,copp] pun* to left2 f ,wauke%a ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,copp] pun* 9 ! c5tre1 ,wiscons94 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 #b b4 ,bevel$ po9ts4 ,( ^! only a small numb] ( examples h be5 recov]$4 ,!y are di/+ui%$ f ! mo/ frequ5t flat1 /emm$ =m by a di/9ct bevel ( g5]ally uni=m wid? :i* ext5ds along ! edges on bo? faces ( ! blade4 ,sometimes ?is bevel is ne>ly "o half in* 9 bread?4 ,! %ape ( ! blade v>ies consid]ably4 ,! kn[n specim5s range f two & a half to five in*es 9 size4 ,examples are to be se5 9 ! ,field ,museum1 ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton1 & o!r collections4 #b c4 ,ey$ po9ts4 ,! base ( ! /em 9 ?is r>e =m is provid$ ) an eye1 op5+ outw>d & probably int5d$ = ! reception ( a rivet4 ,o!rwise ^! po9ts d n diff] f ! flat1 /emm$ types4 ,only a v small numb] ( specim5s h be5 f\nd4 #b d4 ,not*$ po9ts4 ,^! be> a close resemblance to a num]\s class ( fl9t arr[- & spe>-po9ts1 aft] :i* !y are probably patt]n$4 ,no two ( !m are exactly alike4 ,!y diff] f ea* o!r 9 ! %ape ( ! blade & %ape & position ( ! not*4 ,a few are trav]s$ by a m$ian ridge4 ,"s h ind5t$ bases4 ,!y v>y 9 size f less ?an two & up to six in*es 9 l5g?4 ,su* po9ts are ( infrequ5t occurr5ce4 ,specim5s are 9 exi/5ce 9 ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum1 ,field ,museum1 ,logan ,museum1 & o!r collections4 #b e4 ,too!d po9ts4 ,^! are r rem>kable & int]e/+ implem5ts1 & are di/+ui%$ f all o!rs by ! peculi> angul> too?+ or s]ration ( ! edges ( ! /em1 ! purpose ( :i* is evid5tly to facilitate ! fa/5+ ( ! po9t to ! wood5 %aft or h&le1 into :i* x 0 ins]t$1 by means ( s9ews or /rips ( hide4 ,a great] solidity ( atta*m5t 0 ?us secur$4 ,! numb] ( opposite not*es on ! /em v>ies 9 diff]5t examples1 f two to z _m z six or sev54 ,! usual numb] appe>s to be two or ?ree4 ,mo/ examples ( ?is type are long & n>r[4 ,a few1 h[ev]1 are %ort & broad1 & elliptical 9 outl9e4 ,! l>ge/ kn[n example ( ?is =m is ab\t n9e & a half in*es & ! smalle/ ab\t two in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! av]age size appe>s to be ab\t ?ree & a half in*es4 ,9 _m specim5s a c5tral ridge or elevation ext5ds along ei!r side f extremity to extremity1 or only f ! base ( ! /em to ! po9t ( ! blade4 7,fig4 #eii47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fjc4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,copp] knives1 awls1 fi%-hooks1 & o!r objects4 ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell's collection1 ,ripon1 ,wiscons94 ,9 bo? ! ,f4 ,m4 ,b5$ict & ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collections are l>ge & f9e s]ies ( ^! po9ts4 ,^u a specim5 9 ! latt] collection indications ( clo? wrapp+s are to be se54 ,o!r collections also possess "o or a numb] ( examples4 ,! great] "p ( ! kn[n specim5s are f ! ,fox & ,wolf riv] valleys 9 nor!a/]n ,wiscons94 ,n[ & !n fl9t spe>-po9ts ( some:at simil> patt]n h be5 f\nd 9 & ab\t ! same di/rict4 ,mi*igan has furni%$ a few specim5s ( ! copp] po9ts4 ,slate po9ts ( v simil> =m occur 9 ,new ,engl&1 :]e !y are reg>d$ z knives4 ,a small numb] ( copp] po9ts ( ?is patt]n are also report$ to h be5 f\nd !re4 #c4 ,spatula-%ap$ po9ts4 7,fig4 #eif1 c5tral ones1 & ,fig4 #fjj47 ,^! peculi> po9ts h obta9$ _! "n f ! resemblance :i* ! typical =m be>s to a *emi/'s spatula4 ,!y are also locally kn[n z 8rat-tail$ po9ts40 ,9 ! mo/ frequ5t =m ! blade is r flat & some:at elliptical 9 outl9e4 ,x does n g5]ally exce$ ?ree in*es 9 l5g?1 be+ usually less ?an "o half ! total l5g? ( ! implem5t4 ,a small numb] h an elliptical1 lanceolate or v r>ely elongat$ loz5ge-%ap$ blade4 ,! usually long1 tap]+ /em is g5]ally circul> or ne>ly circul> 9 section1 & is well adapt$ = ins]tion into a p]=ation or socket 9 a wood5 %aft or h&le4 ,sev]al specim5s h ne> ! tips ( _! po9t$ /ems a succession ( rudely cut opposite not*es1 probably int5d$ to prev5t ! easy )drawal ( ! po9t f ! %aft4 ,a v small numb] h ! blade trav]s$ by a m$ian ridge4 ,! smalle/ specim5 ( ?is type ( copp] po9t n[ kn[n is f\r in*es & ! l>ge/ n9e & a half in*es 9 l5g?4 ,a l>ge numb] atta9 ! size ( eight in*es4 ,f9e specim5s are to be se5 9 ! ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum1 ,logan ,museum1 ,field ,museum1 ,hamilton1 & o!r collections4 ,! ,rev]5d ,mr4 ,beau*amp has not$ ! occurr5ce ( a limit$ numb] ( specim5s 9 ,new ,york4 ,a small numb] ( iron trade po9ts ( simil> %ape h be5 f\nd4 #d4 ,%ort-/emm$ po9ts4 ,! blade is g5]ally long & triangul> 9 %ape1 ! /em %ort1 cyl9drical1 & po9t$ at ! end4 ,! av]age size ( ^! po9ts appe>s to be ab\t six in*es4 7,fig4 #eif47 ,! l>ge/ example n[ kn[n is twelve in*es 9 l5g?1 ! /em measur+ only ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,?is is n a frequ5t =m ( copp] po9t4 ,f9e specim5s are to be se5 9 ! ,field ,museum1 ,hamilton1 & o!r collections4 ,a ca*e ( f\r ( ^! s+ul> po9ts f\nd at ,*ilton1 ,calumet ,c\nty1 is to be se5 9 ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum4 ,! ,rev]5d ,w4 ,m4 ,beau*amp has describ$ simil> spe>-po9ts f ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fjd4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,copp] h>poons4 ,logan ,museum collection1 ,beloit1 ,wiscons94 #d a4 ,b>b$ or prong$ po9ts4 ,?is type ( copp] po9t is ( r infrequ5t occurr5ce4 ,! blade is usually ( an oval or some:at triangul> %ape4 ,a few specim5s h long n>r[ blades4 ,situat$ j bel[ ! base ( ! blade on ei!r side is a s+le b>b or prong4 ,^! prongs are %>ply or obtusely po9t$ & z a g5]al ?+ d n ext5d out to a po9t 9 l9e ) ! out] edge ( ! base ( ! blade4 ,! /em is %ort1 flat1 or cyl9drical1 & usually tap]s to a %>p po9t4 7,upp] left-h& specim51 ,fig4 #eib47 ,9 "s examples ! blade is trav]s$ on "o or bo? faces by a well-def9$ m$ian ridge4 ,! prongs probably s]v$ ! d\ble purpose ( b>bs & ( projections1 by means ( :i* ! po9t c\ld be m firmly secur$ to ! wood5 %aft into :i* x 0 ins]t$4 ,su* po9ts are to be se5 9 ! ,hamilton1 ,field ,museum1 & o!r collections4 ,! smalle/ specim5 kn[n is ?ree in*es & ! l>ge/ ab\t sev5 & "o half in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! av]age size appe>s to be ab\t f\r in*es4 ,?is int]e/+ =m ( spe>-po9t also occurs sp>+ly 9 surr\nd+ /ates1 & has be5 record$ f z f> ea/ z ,new ,york & ,new ,engl&1 :]e a few specim5s h be5 f\nd4 ,l>ge iron spe>-po9ts ( some:at simil> =m1 b ) ! projections squ>$ at ! ends1 h be5 f\nd 9 ,wiscons94 ,"s ( ^! h he>ts & o!r devices cut or pun*$ ?r\gh ! face ( _! blades4 ,^! 7 probably introduc$ among ! ,indians by ! e>ly fur-trad]s4 #e4 ,conical po9ts4 ,a v l>ge numb] ( ^! h be5 collect$ f ! ext5sive ,lake ,mi*igan %ore village-sites 9 ,wiscons91 ( :i* locations !y appe> to be m or less *>act]i/ic1 replac+ to a l>ge ext5t all o!r types ( copp] po9ts4 ,"s f9e examples h also be5 obta9$ f o!r sites 9 c\nties f>!r inl&2 f ! ,lake ,sup]ior %ore1 & f ! ,lake ( ! ,woods region 9 ,m9nesota4 ,f9e s]ies ( ^! po9ts are to be se5 9 ! ,a4 ,g]5d1 ,hamilton1 ,kuehne1 & o!r collections4 7,fig4 #eih1 ?ree l[] figures47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fje4 7,s4 ab\t #c-d47 ,copp] h>poons4 ,left to "r3 ,h>t=d1 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,wiscons92 ,wiscons92 ,wauwatosa1 ,milwaukee ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fjf4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,copp] h>poon4 ,collection ( ,s4 ,g4 ,crump1 ,pitts=d1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fjg4 7,s4 #a-h47 ,front & rev]se ( a copp] w>-club4 ,dug out ( a prehi/oric grave at ,spuzzum1 ,briti% ,columbia4 ,obta9$ by ,mr4 ,james ,teit4 ,^! po9ts v>y 9 l5g? f less ?an "o in* up to six in*es or m4 ,! majority1 h[ev]1 are ( small size & d n exce$ two in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! mo/ preval5t =m is fa%ion$ 9 ! %ape ( an att5uat$ holl[ cone ( small diamet]4 ,o!r specim5s h ! po9t solid = an in* or m back f ! tip4 ,less frequ5tly !y are furni%$ ) an op5 angul> socket & hip l t ( ! ord9>y socket$ copp] spe>4 ,9 a few examples ! flanges ( ! socket are pi]c$ ) a squ>e or r\nd hole1 z if = ! reception ( a rivet1 or possibly = ! atta*m5t ( a light l9e4 ,a few h a rivet-hole also at ! base ( ! socket4 ,x has be5 /at$ t ^! po9ts h occasionally be5 f\nd ) fragm5ts ( ! wood5 %aft fill+ or ext5d+ beyond ! socket4 ,_! pres5ce 9 numb]s ^u ! s&y lake %ore sites :]e ! aborig9al resid5ts appe> to h dep5d$ l>gely ^u ! fi%+ indu/ry = subsi/5ce1 appe>s to indicate _! employm5t 9 su* a connection4 ,possibly 9 ! %oot+ or spe>+ ( fi%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fjh4 ,! base ( ! ,effigy ,m\nd1 ,hopewell ,gr\p4 ,explor$ 9 #ahia-ib4 ,copp] axes & plates 9 ! =egr\nd1 ly+ z f\nd4 ,teams1 ?irty to =ty feet di/ant1 & two feet high] ?an ! deposit4 #f4 ,ridg$ socket$ po9ts4 ,if we except f consid]ation ! v num]\s small awls & fi%-hooks1 we may tru?fully /ate t ?is is by f> ! mo/ common type ( copp] implem5t occurr+ 9 ,wiscons94 ,?\s&s ( ^! po9ts h be5 collect$ 9 ,wiscons91 & probably z _m or an ev5 great] numb] are yet to be recov]$ f ! soil4 ,!y are repres5t$ 9 great] or less numb]s 9 e ,wiscons9 & 9 _m o!r collections4 ,?is type & its v>ieties are too well & widely kn[n to require mu* ( a description4 ,!y are frequ5tly symmetrically & beautifully wr\ght1 indicat+ a degree ( skill on ! "p ( _! aborig9al mak]s t is unsurpass$4 ,! blade v>ies consid]ably 9 l5g? & bread?4 ,! /em is provid$ ) flanges :i* are b5t /raight upw>d or inw>d1 ?us =m+ an angul> socket = ! reception ( ! wood5 %aft4 ,"s po9ts hav+ fragm5ts ( ?is %aft /ill 9 place h be5 f\nd4 ,?is =m is r>ely if ev] provid$ ) a rivet-hole4 ,9 mo/ examples !re is a dip or %\ld] 9 ! socket at ! connection ( ! /em & blade1 aga9/ :i* ! head ( ! wood5 %aft abutt$4 ,a di/9ctive feature ( ^! po9ts is ! pron\nc$ c5tral ridge :i* trav]ses ! back ( ! implem5t f end to end4 ,x is ?is feature :i* has ga9$ = ?is /yle ( po9t ! local "n ( 8bayonet-back$ spe>-po9t40 ,! tip ( ! /em is also usually angul>ly po9t$4 ,a small numb] ( ^! po9ts h ! upp] surface ( _! blades ornam5t$ ) ind5tations v>i\sly arrang$ 9 d\ble r[s or l9es4 ,?is type ( copp] po9t has be5 f\nd z f> to ! s\? z ! ,gulf1 z f> ea/ z ,new ,engl&1 we/w>d to ! ,miss\ri1 & nor?w>d into ,canada4 ,! l>ge/ example kn[n to h be5 f\nd 9 ,wiscons9 measures ?irte5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,x is 9 ! ,e4 ,c4 ,p]k9s collection4 ,! av]age size is betwe5 ?ree & five in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fji4 7,s4 #c-e47 ,l>ge copp] plate cov]$ ) %ell beads1 ,seip ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 ,w4 ,c4 ,mills's collection4 #f a4 ,roll$ socket$ po9ts4 7,fig4 #fja47 ,?is =m is almo/ if n q z common z ! prec$+1 f :i* x is di/+ui%$ ma9ly by ! fact t ! back ( ! blade & /em are n usually ^u ! same plane4 ,! c5tral ridge also is abs5t4 ,_m examples are provid$ ) a rivet-hole 7v r>ely ) two1 "o above ! o!r7 )9 ! socket ne> ! base ( ! /em4 ,specim5s ) a small copp] rivet or nail /ill 9 place 9 ! socket are ( n infrequ5t occurr5ce 9 ,wiscons9 collections4 ,at lea/ two well-def9$ v>ieties ( ^! po9ts may be recogniz$3-- #a4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is provid$ ) a %ort1 broad1 oval1 or almond-%ap$ blade4 ,! /em & socket 9 ?is =m is usually broade/ at ! base1 tap]+ or n>r[+ t[>d ! blade4 ,! av]age l5g? ( ^! specim5s is ab\t f\r in*es4 ,a l>ge specim5 f\nd at ,ripon1 ,fond du ,lac ,c\nty1 measures sev5 in*es 9 l5g?1 & two in*es 9 bread? ne> ! base ( ! blade4 ,specim5s ( ?is type may be se5 9 ! ,hamilton1 ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum1 ,logan ,museum1 & o!r collections4 #b4 ,! second =m is furni%$ ) a long1 n>r[1 lanceolate blade1 (t5 twice or m ?an twice z long z ! /em4 ,! socket & /em r>ely tap] upw>d & are ( m ne>ly equal wid? ?r\gh\t4 ,9 bo? ?is & ! prec$+ =m ! flanges ( ! socket are roll$ inw>d1 9 "s in/ances ne>ly meet+4 ,! av]age l5g? ( ^! po9ts appe>s to be ab\t five in*es4 ,! l>ge/ specim5 kn[n measures elev5 & "o half in*es 9 l5g?4 ,su* specim5s are to be se5 9 ne>ly e ,wiscons9 cab9et4 ,9 ! v limit$ numb] ( ! small] specim5s ! face ( ! blade1 r>ely ! back1 is ornam5t$ ) ind5tations4 ,! edges ( ! blade are also sometimes bevel$4 ,among ! small] specim5s is obs]v$ a v>iety 9 :i* ! l5g? ( ! /em equals or exce$s t ( ! blade4 ,9 "s specim5s ! socket has ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 =m$ by excavat+ ! /em1 ! n>r[ flanges be+ cont9u\s ) ! blade in/ead ( cut & turn$ inw>d z 9 ! ord9>y =m4 ,a small numb] ( iron socket$ spe>-po9ts1 n diff]+ greatly f ! ord9>y socket$ copp] po9t1 h be5 f\nd4 ,peculi> po9ts4 ,9 sev]al ,wiscons9 collections are sev]al spe>-po9ts ( curi\s =m n includ$ "u any ( ! =ego+ descriptions or repres5t$1 s f> z c be le>n$1 9 o!r ,wiscons9 cab9ets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #faj4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,ornam5t$ copp] plate1 ,seip ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 ,w4 ,c4 ,mills's collection4 ,"o ( ^! 9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collection has a long sl5d] blade & a v %ort socket4 ,x is sev5 & "o qu>t] in*es 9 l5g? & comes f ,two ,riv]s1 ,manit[oc ,c\nty4 ,its blade is ornam5t$ ) a r[ ( n9e ind5tations4 ,9 ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum is a s]ies ( ?ree peculi> socket$ spe>-po9ts ( an av]age l5g? ( ab\t eight & "o half in*es4 ,! blade ( ea* ( ^! is v long & n>r[1 ) /raight edges1 & t]m9ates 9 a %>p po9t4 ,! /em is v %ort & n>r[ 9 comp>ison ) ! blade & broad5s into a %ort socket at its base4 ,"o specim5 has ! middle ( its blade1 f ne> ! base t[>d ! middle1 ornam5t$ ) a cont9u\s zigzag ind5tation4 ,ano!r has ^u its blade a s]ies ( dots arrang$ 9 a triangul> =m4 ,two ( ^! po9ts come f ,fond du ,lac ,c\nty1 & ! o!r f ,%eboygan ,c\nty4 ,h>poon-,po9ts ,! purpose ( ^! implem5ts is too pla9 to make any explanation necess>y4 ,f\r di/9ct types ( h>poon-po9ts1 none ( :i* are z yet kn[n to be ( o!r ?an v infrequ5t occurr5ce1 h be5 obta9$ 9 ,wiscons94 ,:at special application any ( ^! sev]al patt]ns may h _h is n yet cle>4 ,! foll[+ is a brief description ( !m3-- #a4 ,! fir/ are %ort1 flatti% po9ts seldom exce$+ two & a half in*es 9 l5g?4 7,fig4 #fje1 to ! left47 ,"o edge ( ^! implem5ts is ei!r /raight or pres5ts a cont9u\s curve f extremity to extremity4 ,! o!r edge is curv$ or /raight f ! po9t d[nw>d to ab\t opposite ! middle ( ! implem5t1 :]e x t]m9ates 9 a b>b4 ,f !nce x n>r[s to ! o!r extremity1 ?us =m+ a /em4 ,occasionally ?is is not*$ on ei!r side ne> its base4 ,small numb]s ( ^! po9ts h be5 recov]$ f ! village-sites along ! ,lake ,mi*igan %ore4 #b4 ,a second & less frequ5t =m is cyl9drical 9 section & tap]s to a %>p po9t at ea* extremity4 7,fig4 #fjd1 second f "r47 ,remov$ f "o extremity by sev]al in*es1 m or less1 is a /\t & v pron\nc$ b>b4 ,all are ( l>ge size4 ,a p>ticul>ly l>ge specim5 measures t5 & ?ree f\r?s in*es 9 l5g? & ab\t "o half in* 9 diamet] at ! middle4 ,o!rs are to be se5 9 ! ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum & ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collections4 ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore has figur$ & describ$ a l>ge example obta9$ by him 9 ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #faa4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,copp] cresc5ts4 ,collection ( ,logan ,museum1 ,beloit1 ,wiscons94 ,iron h>poons ( simil> =m1 b frequ5tly possess+ f two to ?ree b>bs1 sometimes alt]nat+ on opposite sides ( ! implem5t are /ill 9 use by ,wiscons9 ,indians = spe>+ l>ge fi%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fab4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,e> ornam5ts f ! ,hopewell ,gr\p1 ,ohio4 #c4 ,ano!r =m ( h>poon is repres5t$ by a specim5 9 ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum4 ,?is implem5t is some:at triangul> 9 section1 ab\t eight & a half in*es 9 l5g? & ab\t ?ree f\r?s ( an in* 9 bread? at ! middle4 ,! ends tap] to a blunt$ po9t4 ,! ?9n] edge ( ! implem5t is furni%$ ) f\r /\t1 broad b>bs1 sep>at$ f ea* o!r by a di/ance ( ab\t "o & a half in*es4 ,bone h>poon-po9ts ( ?is patt]n occur 9 ,new ,york & ,ont>io4 7,l ,fig4 #fjf47 #d4 ,a f\r? type1 ! s-call$ 8socket$ h>poon-po9t0 7,fig4 #fjd71 has "o edge ( its blade prolong$ into a b>b at ! base4 ,?is b>b may be on ei!r ! "r or left side4 ,o!rwise ?is type does n diff] 9 %ape f "s ( ! flat-back$1 socket$ spe>-po9ts4 ,only a small numb] ( ^! po9ts h be5 f\nd4 ,all ^! are provid$ ) a rivet-hole 9 ! socket4 ,an example 9 ! ,logan ,museum is ab\t f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 & comes f ,mequon1 ,ozaukee ,c\nty4 ,pikes & ,pun*es4 7,see ,fig4 #fjb47 ,9 ?is class ( objects1 :i* are z yet allud$ to by /ud5ts & collectors by ei!r ( ! above or o!r names1 are includ$ ! l>ge/ copp] implem5ts f\nd 9 ,wiscons94 ,!y are rod-l 9 =m1 usually circul> or squ>e1 less frequ5tly rectangul> 9 section1 & tap] to a po9t at "o or bo? ends4 ,l>ge specim5s ( ea* ( ^! sev]al patt]ns h be5 f\nd4 ,! l>ge/ is 9 ! ,field ,museum4 ,x is ab\t =ty in*es 9 l5g?1 "o in* 9 diamet] at ! middle1 & tap]s to a po9t at ei!r extremity4 ,x weighs five & a qu>t] p\nds & 0 obta9$ f a burial-m\nd on ! ,abraham place1 at ,pe%tigo1 ,m>9ette ,c\nty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fac4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,copp] cresc5t-%ap$ object obta9$ ne> ,*attanooga1 ,t5nessee4 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fad4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,copp] cresc5ts4 ,collection ( ,wiscons9 ,ar*ological ,society4 ,a specim5 9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collection is tw5ty-n9e in*es 9 l5g?1 sev5 eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & weighs two & ?ree f\r?s p\nds4 ,ab\t "o in* f ! po9t$ extremity !re is a brok5 projection :i* ,mr4 ,hamilton believes to h be5 a b>b4 ,! o!r end t]m9ates 9 a small claw or brok5 out eye4 ,x comes f ,maple ,creek1 ,outagamie ,c\nty4 ,9 ! ,t4 ,w4 ,hamilton collection !re is ano!r f9e specim5 :i* is eighte5 & a half in*es 9 l5g? & weighs "o & a half p\nds4 ,a specim5 f\nd at ,new ,hav51 ,adams ,c\nty1 is f\rte5 & a half in*es 9 l5g? & weighs "o & ?ree eigh?s p\nds4 ,o!r l>ge specim5s are to be se5 9 ! ,logan ,museum1 ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum1 & ,milwaukee ,museum collections4 ,"s ( ^! are r flat1 rectangul> 9 section & "o in* 9 wid? & less ?an ?ree eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,!y are po9t$ at "o extremity & r\nd$ or blunt$ at ! o!r4 ,"s o!r l>ge specim5s are kn[n to h be5 cut 9 two & o!rwise maltreat$ by ! p]sons :o f\nd !m4 ,9 ! ,field ,museum collections implem5ts ( ?is patt]n rang+ f eight in*es or less up to ! l>ge/ size are class$ z 8pikes40 ,t !y 7 employ$ z weapons is extremely d\btful4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t !y may h be5 heat$ & employ$ 9 ! burn+-out ( wood5 canoes or wood5 vessels4 ,!re is reason to believe t "s ( ! light] =ms 7 m\nt$ 9 wood5 h&les1 at lea/ "o example ) an accompany+ copp] f]ule hav+ be5 f\nd at ,milwaukee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fae4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,copp] sauc]-%ap$ object4 ,hopewell ,gr\p1 ,ohio4 ,awls & ,drills4 7,see ,figs4 #eic & #fjc47 ,^! h be5 obta9$ n[h]e 9 great] numb]s ?an 9 ! ,lake ,mi*igan coa/al region 9 ,wiscons94 ,!y v>y 9 size f ab\t "o to six in*es or m1 & 9 ?ickness f "o sixte5? to "o half an in*4 ,! great] numb] are ( v small size4 ,! simple/ & mo/ frequ5t =m is a sl5d] cyl9drical piece ( metal po9t$ at "o or bo? extremities4 ,a second & usually /\t] =m is ei!r r\nd or squ>e 9 section & tap]s f a well-m>k$ %\ld] at or ne> ! middle to bo? extremities4 ,sometimes "o end only is po9t$4 ,occasionally also ! upp] half ( ! implem5t is /raight & ! l[] half tap]s to a po9t4 ,_m ( ^! small implem5ts 7 probably m\nt$ 9 h&les ( wood1 bone1 or antl]1 ! object ( ! %\ld] be+ to prev5t _! pass+ too f> into ! h&le4 ,sev]al specim5s m\nt$ 9 antl] h&les h be5 f\nd4 ,simil> implem5ts ( bone & /one h be5 f\nd 9 ,wiscons94 ,mo/ ( !m 7 probably employ$ 9 drill+ holes 9 wood1 bone1 or /one1 9 pi]c+ sk9s1 & = simil> purposes4 ,! ,eskimo are said to employ some:at simil> implem5ts ( bone = cat*+ wat]f[l4 ,!y are us$ by atta*+ a l9e to ! c5tre1 ! bone sp9dle be+ bait$ ) a small fi% into :i* ! implem5t is ins]t$ l5g?wise4 ,l>ge fi% are captur$ by !m 9 ! same mann]4 ,we h no record ( ! employm5t ( su* me?ods by ,wiscons9 ,indians4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #faf4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,possibly ?is 0 ! cr[n ( a head-mask4 ,x seems to indicate gr[+ antl]s1 or ^? ( a "y buck4 ,:5 f\nd ! horns or projections 7 d[nw>d & ! rais$ surface upp]mo/4 ,hopewell ,gr\p1 ,ohio4 ,spikes4 7,see ,fig4 #ehj1 l[] left-h& specim547 ,9 a numb] ( ,wiscons9 cab9ets are to be se5 copp] implem5ts locally kn[n z 8spikes10 tak+ _! names f ! close resemblance :i* !y be> to ! mod]n articles4 ,^! v>y some:at 9 %ape & size4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fag4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,p5dant ( %eet-copp]4 ,c4 ,b4 ,moore's explorations4 ,"o specim5 is f\r & a half in*es 9 l5g?1 "o f\r? ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 ) "o extremity po9t$ & ! o!r enl>g$ & blunt$ to =m a head4 ,ano!r is sev5 in*es 9 l5g? & tap]s gradually d[nw>d f ! head1 :]e x is ?ree f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 to ! po9t4 ,a few specim5s are decid$ly squ>e 9 section4 ,an exam9ation ( ! heads indicates t !y are n ! result ( p\nd+ :ile 9 use1 b con/itute an int5tional feature ( ^! implem5ts4 ,no sugge/ion has be5 (f]$ z to _! function4 ,!y may be simply p]=ators or drills4 ,"s ( ! /\t] implem5ts1 ) broad1 flatti% po9ts1 may h be5 employ$ z *isels4 ,ne$les ,^! are obta9$ f ! same sites z ! =ego+ & are frequ5tly associat$ ) !m1 ?\gh n ne>ly z num]\s4 ,all are provid$ ) eyes1 & except 9 _! some:at rud] fa%ion+ d n diff] f ! ne$les 9 ord9>y dome/ic use at ! pres5t day4 ,_! purpose requires no explanation4 ,^! implem5ts range 9 size f less ?an two to z mu* z eight & an eigh? in*es4 ,! av]age size appe>s to be betwe5 two & ?ree in*es4 ,su* implem5ts are to be se5 9 _m ( ! ea/]n ,wiscons9 collections4 ,9 ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum is a small s]ies ( copp] ne$les f ,mexico4 ,fi%-,hooks4 7,see ,fig4 #fjc47 ,hundr$s ( ^! & fragm5ts ( _m o!rs h be5 collect$ f ! aborig9al village- & camp-sites on ! we/ %ore ( ,lake ,mi*igan 9 ,wiscons94 ,!y h also be5 obta9$ 9 numb]s f ! village-sites at ,gre5 ,lake & at v>i\s o!r localities along ! upp] ,wiscons91 ,fox1 ,wolf1 & ,little ,wolf riv]s1 & else:]e 9 ?is "p ( ! /ate :]e good fi%+ 0 to be _h4 ,"s h also be5 f\nd f> to ! nor? along ! ,lake ,sup]ior %ore4 ,mo/ specim5s are ( small size1 f less ?an an in* up to two in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! l>ge/ kn[n example is f\r in*es 9 l5g?4 ,!y are g5]ally circul>1 ?\gh sometimes decid$ly squ>e 9 section4 ,! po9ts curve & slant outw>d & inw>d at all angles & degrees ( curvature4 ,none possess any indication ( a b>b4 ,! %ank at ! po9t ( atta*m5t to ! l9e is mo/ frequ5tly /raight4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 x is not*$1 flatt5$1 b5t ov] & flatt5$1 or b5t ov] to =m an eye4 ,a few specim5s h be5 collect$ :i* h bits ( s9ew or twi/$ fibre /ill atta*$ to ! %ank4 ,f9e s]ies ( ^! useful articles are to be se5 9 _m local collections4 ,9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collection !re is a s]ies ( t5 fi%-hooks obta9$ f ! bank ( ! ,little ,wolf ,riv]1 9 ! t[n%ip ( ,muckwa1 9 ,waupaca ,c\nty4 ,^! are f two & a half to two & ?ree f\r?s in*es 9 l5g?1 ! /rongly & broadly curv$ hook rea*+ up to ab\t opposite ! middle ( ! %ank4 ,"s are circul> & o!rs squ>e 9 section1 & all are ( a ne>ly uni=m ?ickness ( "o f\r? ( an in*4 ,sev]al h ! tips ( ! %ank flatt5$1 & all are heavily incru/$ ) soil & v]digris1 pla9ly indicat+ ! mann] 9 :i* !y _h la9 ^u & across ea* o!r4 ,peculi> ,implem5ts ,9 a few ( ! l>ge ,wiscons9 cab9ets are to be se5 a v small numb] ( implem5ts ^: exact functions are unkn[n & :i* _c be plac$ 9 any ( ! v>i\s classes "h describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fah4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,rem>kable effigy 9 copp]4 ,collection ( ,j4 ,m4 ,wolf+1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri4 ,"o ( ^!1 9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collection1 is eight & "o qu>t] in*es 9 l5g?4 ,x is circul> 9 section & tap]s to a po9t at ei!r extremity4 ,x is sev5 eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet] ne> ! ?ick] extremity & is knotty all ov] ! surface4 ,mr4 ,hamilton sugge/s t x may h be5 employ$ z a club or bludgeon4 ,x weighs eight & "o half ounces & comes f ,little ,*ute1 ,outagamie ,c\nty4 ,9 ! same collection !re is also to be se5 a long1 curv$1 flatti% implem5t :i*1 x has be5 sugge/$1 may h s]v$ z a sword4 ,x is ab\t tw5ty in*es 9 l5g? & ab\t "o in* 9 wid? ne> ! middle4 ,x 0 obta9$ ) a ca*e ( six o!r copp] implem5ts at ,oconto1 ,oconto ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,bann]-,/ones ,! only specim5s 9 native copp] ( ?is int]e/+ & widely di/ribut$ class ( c]emonial objects are 9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collection4 ,"o is ( ! ord9>y butt]fly patt]n ) exp&+ w+s4 ,bo? specim5s 7 f\nd at ,oconto1 ,oconto ,c\nty1 & 7 includ$ 9 a rem>kable ca*e ( copp] implem5ts & ornam5ts1 consi/+ ( a cresc5t1 sword1 *isel1 leaf-%ap$ blade1 & two arr[-po9ts4 ,?is specim51 weigh+ five ounces1 is ?ree & "o half in*es 9 l5g?1 & "o & "o f\r? in*es 9 wid? across ! elevat$ "p at ! middle4 ,! broad w+s are "o & "o f\r? in*es 9 l5g? & "o & "o half in*es 9 wid? across _! out] edges4 ,! p]=ation at ! middle is ( "o in* 9 l5g? & has a %ort diamet] ( half an in*4 ,a second specim5 9 ! same cab9et is ( ! s-call$ 8pick0 %ape4 ,x weighs two & "o f\r? ounces4 ,x is five in*es 9 l5g? & only "o in* 9 wid? across ! wide/ "p1 ne> ! middle4 ,! n>r[ w+s are two & "o f\r? in*es 9 l5g? & tap] to a r\nd$ po9t1 ! p]=ation at ! middle be+ half an in* 9 diamet]4 ,beads4 7,see ,figs4 #efi1 #egj47 ,! mo/ common local =m ( copp] bead is some:at sph]ical 9 %ape & 0 fa%ion$ by roll+ toge!r a small1 n>r[ /rip or welt ( native metal1 v>y+ 9 ?ickness f less ?an "o eigh? to "o f\r? ( an in* or m1 only "o or two turns ( :i* 7 necess>y to make a rude bead ( q l>ge size4 ,beads ( ?is k9d h be5 obta9$ 9 l>ge numb]s f ,wiscons9 village-sites1 graves1 &1 sometimes1 f ! m\nds4 ,quantities ( !m1 z _m z "o hundr$ or m1 h occasionally be5 tak5 f a s+le grave4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fai4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,unkn[n symbols 9 %eet-copp]1 ,hopewell ,gr\p4 ,9 sev]al ,wiscons9 collections f9e /r+s or necklaces ( su* beads may be se54 ,beads ( ?is =m h also be5 obta9$ 9 ,ohio1 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 ,mi*igan1 & ,m9nesota4 ,! ,rev]5d ,w4 ,m4 ,beau*amp has m5tion$ _! occurr5ce 9 ,new ,york4 ,a second & q common =m ( copp] bead is made ( a ?9 %eet ( metal roll$ into ! =m ( a cyl9d]4 ,!y v>y 9 diamet] f "o eigh? to "o qu>t] ( an in* or m1 sometimes exce$ two in*es 9 l5g?4 ,!y are ( q common occurr5ce on ! ,lake ,mi*igan %ore & on "s inl& village-sites4 ,f aborig9al village-sites at ,two ,riv]s & on ! %ores ( ,gre5 ,bay small cyl9d]s =m$ by twi/+ ?9 %eets ( native copp] betwe5 ! f+]s 9 a spiral %ape are f\nd4 ,bangles4 7,see ,fig4 #efi47 ,^! are also made ( ?9 %eets ( native copp]4 ,!y are ( small size1 conical or some:at conical 9 %ape1 & op5 at bo? extremities4 ,x is believ$ t ^! s]v$ z bangles1 probably tak+ ! place1 9 ! pa/1 ( ! small metal discs1 brass or t9 cones1 brass ?imbles or bells ) :i* x 0 ! cu/om1 among ! lat] ,indians1 to ornam5t dress fr+es or o!r articles ( we>+ app>el4 ,!y occur on aborig9al village-sites 9 ! ,fox ,riv] ,valley & 9 ! ,lake ,mi*igan %ore region4 ,f+]-,r+s ,^! consi/ ( small1 n>r[ rods or /rips ( metal b5t into ! =m ( a simple circlet1 ! ends abutt+ or ne>ly meet+4 ,occasionally ! rods are ?icke/ at ! middle & tap] to a po9t at ! extremities4 ,"s may h s]v$ equally well z e>-r+s4 ,specim5s are occasionally f\nd 9 ! ,lake ,mi*igan %ore region1 z well z else:]e 9 ! /ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fbj4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,copp] fi%4 ,hopewell ,gr\p4 ,field ,museum collection1 ,*icago4 ,e>-,r+s ,! fondness ( ! lat] ,indians = su* ornam5ts is well kn[n1 & x is q probable t !y 7 also 9 r g5]al use among ! e>li] aborig9es4 ,9 ! ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell collection is a small cresc5t-%ap$ copp] ornam5t :i* may h s]v$ z an e>-r+ or nose-r+1 be+ well adapt$ = su* use4 ,x measures "o & ?ree eigh?s in*es 9 extreme wid?1 & 0 obta9$ f an ,indian village-site 9 ,gre5 ,lake ,c\nty4 ,simil> specim5s are 9 sev]al o!r local collections4 ,! ,rev]5d ,w4 ,m4 ,beau*amp /ates t ! e>lie/ metallic e>-r+s 9 use among ,new ,york aborig9es 7 probably ^? ( copp] wire coil$ & flatt5$1 & believes x possible t p]=at$ discs & co9s may h s]v$ ! same purpose 9 e>ly hi/oric times1 b t !y 7 m likely to h be5 employ$ 9 "s o!r way4 ,glass & %ell beads1 & probably _m o!r ?+s1 7 s utiliz$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fba4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,copp] eagle4 ,hopewell ,gr\p4 ,field ,museum collection1 ,*icago4 ,e>-,spools or ,e>-,plugs4 7,see ,fig4 #fab47 ,pr(essor ,t4 ,h4 ,lewis has obta9$ ornam5ts ( ?is class dur+ m\nd explorations conduct$ by him at ,prairie du ,*i51 ,craw=d ,c\nty1 & ,wyalus+1 ,grant ,c\nty1 9 ,wiscons94 ,e>-spools h be5 obta9$ f v>i\s localities 9 ,ohio1 ,ill9ois1 & ! ,s\?4 ,"s ( ^! are r elaborately ornam5t$ ) emboss$ figures4 ,9 ! ,field ,museum collections are specim5s :i* 7 tak5 f ! m\nds ( ! celebrat$ ,hopewell ,gr\p 9 ,ohio4 ,a specim5 9 ! ,ohio ,/ate ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,society's collections has /ill atta*$ to x a fragm5t ( ! /r+ or cord by means ( :i* x 0 probably atta*$ to ! e> ( its aborig9al own]4 ,simil> objects ( /one ov]laid ) %eet-copp] h be5 describ$ by v>i\s au?ors4 ,gorgets & ,p5dants4 7,see ,figs4 #egj & #fag47 ,c>eful inquiry has %[n ! exi/5ce ( only a small numb] ( ^! 9 ,wiscons9 collections4 ,x is q possible1 h[ev]1 t su* ornam5ts 7 9 m common use among ,wiscons9 aborig9es ?an ! pres5t limit$ numb] w\ld indicate4 ,be+ fa%ion$ ( %eet-copp]1 !y w\ld ev5 "u ord9>y conditions be m likely to suff] de/ruction1 ?r\gh decomposition1 ?an _m o!r less fragile artifacts1 :i* %[ v pla9ly ! effects ( *emical action dur+ _! int]m5t4 ,"o =m ( p5dant is triangul> 9 %ape & is provid$ at ! broad upp] extremity ) two p]=ations1 by :i* means x c\ld be atta*$1 by a cord1 to ! p]son ( its aborig9al own]4 ,su* p5dants h be5 f\nd 9 ,w9nebago1 ,jeff]son1 ,craw=d1 & ,b>ron c\nties4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ measures ?ree & "o eigh? in*es 9 l5g?1 & "o & "o f\r? in*es 9 wid? at ! upp] edge4 ,%eet-copp] p5dants ( circul> %ape h also be5 obta9$4 ,^! h p]=ations ne> ! edge or at ! middle4 ,! l>ge/ specim5 kn[n is ab\t ?ree & "o qu>t] in*es 9 diamet]4 ,p5dants ( ?is =m h be5 obta9$ 9 ,k5o%a1 ,jeff]son1 ,dane1 ,columbia1 ,grant1 ,craw=d1 ,b>ron1 ,burnett1 ,w9nebago1 & ,br[n c\nties4 ,a few specim5s ( o!r =ms h also be5 recov]$4 ,cresc5ts4 7,see ,figs4 #faa1 #fac1 #fad47 ,9 ?is class ( copp] ornam5ts are at pres5t includ$ a numb] ( ?91 flatti% objects1 ! basis ( all ( :i* appe>s to be ! cresc5t1 ei!r pla9 or v>i\sly modifi$ by ! addition ( prongs or o!r prolongations aris+ f ! inn] or upp] edge1 ne> ! middle or extremities4 ,!re is probably little d\bt t ! great] numb] ( ! objects includ$ 9 ?is class 7 worn by our primitive ,indians z brea/ ornam5ts1 be+ fa/5$ to ! neck by means ( cords4 ,9 ?is way sev]al ( !m may h be5 worn1 "o bel[ ! o!r4 ,! adaptability ( c]ta9 ( ! prong$ =ms = use z hair ornam5ts is noticeable4 ,l>ge numb]s h be5 collect$ 9 ,wiscons91 & o!rs w probably be f\nd z old sites are m ?or\ghly explor$1 & new l&s op5$ to cultivation4 ,! exi/+ examples appe> to h be5 obta9$1 = ! mo/ "p1 f ! village-sites & graves1 :]e !y sometimes occur 9 association ) copp] beads & o!r articles ( p]sonal adornm5t4 ,b v few h be5 recov]$ f ! burial-m\nds ( ! /ate4 ,a few h also be5 f\nd 9 ,m9nesota1 nor!rn ,mi*igan1 & ,ill9ois4 ,! f9e/ s]ies ( ^! copp] cresc5ts1 repres5t+ ne>ly all ( ! kn[n types1 is 9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collection4 ,! foll[+ is a brief description ( ! ,wiscons9 types ( copp] cresc5ts3-- #a4 ,"o ( ! simple/1 al?\gh uncommon =ms1 has ! upp] edge q /raight & ! l[] ones broadly curv$4 ,specim5s h be5 f\nd 9 ,manit[oc ,c\nty1 & 9 ,h\ghton ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fbb4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,mica ornam5t4 ,hopewell ,gr\p4 #b4 ,a closely alli$ type has bo? edges curv$1 approa*+ m ne>ly ! true cresc5t =m4 ,! degree ( curvature v>ies consid]ably 9 ! small numb] ( specim5s kn[n4 ,specim5s h be5 f\nd 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,%eboygan1 ,m>quette1 ,craw=d1 & ,b>ron c\nties4 ,m9nesota has produc$ sev]al specim5s3 "o f ,monroe ,c\nty1 hav+ bo? extremities not*$ to all[ = susp5sion4 7,fig4 #faa47 #c4 ,a ?ird type1 ! s-call$ 8canoe-%ap$0 cresc5t1 usually has its l[] & upp] edges curv+ equally & =m$ at ! extremities into a %ort po9t or embryo prong1 direct$ inw>d4 ,?is is ! mo/ frequ5t ,wiscons9 type1 & examples ( x are to be se5 9 _m collections4 ,! l>ge/ & f9e/ example n[ kn[n 7#aj #b in*es1 weight #bj ounces7 is 9 ! ,hamilton collection1 & 0 f\nd 9 ! city ( ,oconto1 ,oconto ,c\nty4 ,mi*igan & ,m9nesota h also yield$ a numb] ( specim5s4 7,see ,fig4 #faa47 #d4 ,a f\r? type has ! prongs or po9ts at ! extremities ( great] l5g? & direct$ upw>d or inw>d4 ,specim5s h be5 f\nd 9 ,calumet1 ,door1 ,%eboygan1 & ,m>quette c\nties4 ,!y v>y 9 l5g? f five to sev5 & "o half in*es4 7,"o 9 ,fig4 #efh47 #e4 ,9 a fif? type ! prolongations1 aris+ f ! extremities ( ! upp] edge ( ! curv$ base1 approa* ea* o!r & unite to =m a c5tral spike1 :i* is usually circul> 9 section & =m$ by ! prolongations be+ twi/$ ab\t ea* o!r4 ,specim5s h be5 obta9$ 9 ,price1 ,manit[oc1 ,gre5 ,lake1 ,wauke%a1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,columbia c\nties4 ,"o has be5 f\nd 9 ,m9nesota4 7,fig4 #fad1 specim5 ,d47 #f4 ,ano!r peculi> type is furni%$ ) a pair ( spikes or prongs1 usually r long1 & ei!r flat or cyl9drical 9 section1 :i* arise on ei!r side ( ! middle ( ! curv$ top 7or base74 7,fig4 #fac47 ,specim5s h be5 obta9$ 9 ,columbia1 ,pi]ce1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,v]non c\nties4 ,"o has be5 f\nd 9 ,ott]tail ,c\nty1 ,m9nesota4 ,^! specim5s range f f\r to eight in*es 9 l5g?1 ! prongs be+ f ?ree to f\r in*es long4 ,a modification ( ?is type has ! prongs unit$ at _! po9ts by a %ort cross-b>4 7,specim5 ,g 9 ,fig4 #fad47 ,o!r ,ornam5ts ,9 ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum are two broad1 flat /rips ( native copp] :i* may h be5 worn z headb&s4 ,bo? ( ^! fragm5ts1 orig9ally curv$1 h ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 /raight5$1 by ! f9d]s1 & may h =m$ a "p ( ! same b&4 ,! l>g] 7six in*es by "o in*7 & ! small] 7?ree & five eigh?s in*es by "o in*71 & less ?an "o f\r? ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 are ornam5t$ along ei!r edge & d[n ! middle ) a r[ ( deep ind5tations4 ,! locality is ,%eboygan ,c\nty4 ,on ! skulls ( two skeletons 9 a m\nd 9 ,craw=d ,c\nty 7 f\nd ?ick copp] plates4 ,! l>g] ( ^! 0 ornam5t$ along two edges ) a d\ble r[ ( ind5tations1 & measur$ eight in*es long by f\r in*es wide4 ,! o!r plate 0 ab\t f\r & "o half in*es squ>e4 ,mr4 ,br[n has call$ att5tion to ! di/ribution ( copp] & has describ$ ^! objects s ?or\ghly t no rem>ks on my "p are necess>y4 ,h[ev]1 ,i wi% to (f]1 briefly1 "o or two sugge/ions4 ,copp] seems to h play$ an important "p 9 aborig9al life 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,z ! natives possess$ nei!r gold nor silv] & because silv] ornam5ts are extremely r>e1 "o may say t silv] 0 n 9 use2 copp] appeal$ to !m z be+ some?+ beyond ! ord9>y1 if n possess+ sup]natural p[]s4 ,!re 0 no o!r sub/ance :i* !y c\ld hamm] into %ape1 or slightly anneal & "w m easily4 ,no o!r malleable mat]ial possess$ t bright1 beautiful color & 0 capable ( su* poli%4 ,!re=e1 copp] appeal$ to ! aborig9es1 & !y made g5]al use ( x m z an ornam5t1 or a totem1 ?an = ord9>y utility2 t is1 save 9 ! 8copp] belt10 :]e x 0 s common t tools 7 made ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fbc4 7,s4 #c-d47 ,mica ornam5ts4 ,ohio m\nds4 ,collection ( ,w4 ,c4 ,mills1 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,:at ! ,nor!rn ,indians receiv$ 9 ex*ange = ! copp] has always be5 a my/]y to me4 ,9 ,wiscons9 & ,mi*igan :]e drift copp] occurr$ 9 l>ge quantities1 & :]e x /ill may be f\nd1 x is likely t ! natives c>ri$ on an ext5sive trade 9 copp] & t ! peoples ( ,ohio pass$ x on1 "o may suppose1 to ! ,s\?4 ,?is trade 0 ext5sive because n only 9 our museums are !re ?\s&s ( copp] objects1 b !re are _m m 9 ! h&s ( private collectors1 & 9 ! m\nds ( ! ,mississippi ,valley :]e !re has be5 mu* digg+1 great quantities ( hat*ets1 plates1 nose-r+s1 & spools are dug up f "t to "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fbd4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,mica ornam5ts f m\nds ( ! ,hopewell ,gr\p4 ,field ,museum collection1 ,*icago4 ,"o may "q :e!r ! pres5ce ( copp] 9 ! ,ohio ,valley really means ext5sive aborig9al comm]ce or trade4 ,i say ,ohio ,valley because m m\nd copp] is f\nd !re ?an else:]e1 al?\gh ! ,s\? %\ld by no means be exclud$4 ,copp] & o!r =eign mat]ials ab\nd 9 ! middle & l[] ,mississippi ,valley4 ,yet ^u ! %ores ( ,lake ,sup]ior1 ab\t ! copp] range1 on ! /reams & lakes ( ,wiscons9 & ,mi*igan :]e liv$ ! ,indians :o possess$ s mu* copp] t !y made ( x hat*ets1 fi%-hooks1 knives1 spe>-po9ts1 etc41 usually are to be f\nd no ,s\!rn types save a few pipes & problematical =ms 9 slate4 ,:at did ^! ,nor!rn natives receive 9 return = ! quantities ( copp] :i* !y mu/ h b>t]$8 ,did !y receive bird-/ones1 gorgets1 pipes1 etc48 ,_! bird-/ones are v l ^? ( ,indiana & ,ohio1 yet !y h a broad bird effigy usually ) e>s on bo? sides ( ! head :i* is n f\nd save occasionally 9 s\!rn ,ohio & ,indiana1 & seldom 9 ! ,s\? :]e m\nd copp] is common4 ,_! gorgets & pipes appe> to be local4 ,x has occurr$ to me t ! peoples ( ,indiana & ,ohio1 & possibly ! ,s\?1 made raids 9 ! copp] c\ntry1 or f\nd copp] nuggets 9 ! drift1 or m9$ _! own copp]1 or robb$ ! ,nor!rn peoples ( su* copp] z !y want$4 ,if !re _h be5 any ext5sive aborig9al trade1 we %\ld surely f9d m evid5ce ( x4 ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore#bh has conclusively prov$ t ! copp] tak5 f ! ,s\!rn m\nds & ,ohio m\nds is prehi/oric & n ( ,european orig94 ,"s ( ! g5tlem5 connect$ ) ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution & affiliat$ museums cont5d t ! f9e rep\ss "w1 on %eet-copp]1 c\ld n h be5 made by aborig9es work+ ) /one tools4 ,a few words reg>d+ ! illu/rations4 ,an inspection ( all ! figures 9 ?is *apt]1 m>k$ f ! ,hopewell ,gr\p1 give "s idea ( ! rem>kable copp] effigies1 ornam5ts1 cut designs1 etc41 compris+ ! ,hopewell collection4 ,?is is n[ on exhibition 9 ! ,field ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,*icago1 & c be se5 by any p]son :o w take ! pa9s to visit t in/itution4 ,x is ju/ly consid]$ ! greate/ prehi/oric copp] collection 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ! ,hopewell ,gr\p alt>s hundr$s & hundr$s ( copp] e> ornam5ts 7 f\nd1 all m or less affect$ by heat4 ,pr(essor ,mills has dug up _m ornam5ts ( ^! same k9ds & says ( !m3-- 8,copp] e> ornam5ts 7 frequ5tly met ) 9 ! graves1 & tw5ty specim5s 7 secur$4 ,!y 7 inv>iably f\nd 9 pairs4 ,! manufacture ( ^! ornam5ts requir$ skill1 z well z a high degree ( advancem5t 9 ornam5tal art4 ,! mode ( manufacture ( ! e> ornam5ts1 al?\gh two diff]5t types 7 f\nd1 0 simil>4 ,"o type 0 made ( two concavo-convex plates1 & 7 connect$ by a cyl9drical column2 b only a few pairs ( ?is type 7 f\nd4 ,! o!r type1 :i* 0 mo/ common1 0 made ( f\r plates ( copp]1 two ( :i* are circul>1 & two concavo-convex4 ,! concavo-convex plates are atta*$ to ! circul> pieces1 :i* =m ! inside ( ! ornam5t4 ,! discs are connect$ ) a small cyl9d] ( copp]4 ,?is figure is a good illu/ration %[+ two views ( ! second type ( e> ornam5ts4 ,o!r copp] ornam5ts 7 f\nd sp>+ly 9 ! burial ci/s4 ,f "o grave a l>ge copp] cresc5t 0 remov$1 & f ano!r1 six l>ge copp] balls40 ,sometimes ! copp] plates 7 highly ornam5t$ & cut or trimm$4 ,fig4 #faj is ?us describ$ by ,pr(essor ,mills3-- 8,! plate %[n 9 ?is figure is p]haps ! heavie/ & smoo!/ ( all ! plates tak5 f ,seip ,m\nd4 ,! scroll patt]n cut ^u "o side ( ! plate repres5ts ! fir/ specim5 ( ! k9d tak5 f ! m\nds ( ,ohio1 z f> z kn[n4 ,! plate 0 wrapp$ 9 lea!r :5 x 0 plac$ 9 ! grave1 & portions /ill adh]e to ! plate1 z %[n 9 ! cut40 ,( ! int]e/+ p5dants 9 %eet-copp]1 ,fig4 #fag1 exhum$ f a m\nd 9 ,m\ndville1 ,alabama1 ,mr4 ,moore has to say3-- 8,! upp] "p ( ! p5dant has p>ts excis$ to =m a six-po9t$ /> )9 a circle4 ,on ! body ( ! />1 rep\ss1 is a symbol to :i* we %all rev]t lat]4 ,bel[ is an excis$ triangle2 b5ea? :i* is "p ( an arm encircl$ by a /r+ ( beads & an ext5d$ h& be>+ on x ! op5 eye1 all rep\ss40 ,! decay$ clo?1 ! fragm5ts ( sk9s & ! curi\s1 f9e silt1 usually ab\t a h&ful1 ly+ ar\nd copp] objects1 indicate t !y 7 at "o "t c>efully wrapp$ up4 ,if we _h pres]v$ to u "s ( ^! wrapp+s1 n a little light might be %$ on ! use ( ! m highly develop$ copp] problematical =ms 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i am indebt$ to ! directors ( ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum = mak+ illu/rations ( ! f9e/ copp] objects 9 _! collections3 ,figs4 #egd1 #egi1 #ehb-hi1 #eie1 #eig1 #eii1 #fjb1 #fje1 #fac4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi ,,textile ,,fabrics ,x w\ld be comp>atively easy = "o to write a l5g?y *apt] ^u textile fabrics4 ,b because ( ! limit$ space n[ at my disposal & = ! fur!r reason t 8,! ,/one ,age0 is purposely re/rict$ *iefly to descriptions ( art 9 /one r ?an 9 fabrics1 ?is *apt] mu/ necess>ily be brief4 ,x is un=tunate t almo/ none ( ! fabrics ( prehi/oric times1 made use ( by ! natives ( t p]iod1 are 9 exi/5ce to-day1 & aside f pieces ( mats & "h & !re a bit ( clo? f ! dry caves ( ,k5tucky & ! ,oz>k ,m\nta9s1 !re is no?+ 9 our museums to give a clue z to ! nature & mat]ial ( ! g>m5ts1 robes1 blankets1 etc4 ,we are dep5d5t *iefly on hi/ory = our k ( ! use ( textile fabrics4 ,b 9 ! ,s\?we/ ! aridity ( ! climate1 toge!r ) ! fact t ! walls ( ! cliff-h\ses kept out ! occasional ra9s1 & t ! s&s ( ! des]t drift+ ov] ! ru9$ pueblos1 work$ 9 h>mony to pres]ve a goodly numb] ( fragm5ts ( textile fabrics4 ,"s ( ^! are 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum1 ,new ,york ,city1 o!rs 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d5v]1 & ,philadelphia museums4 ,all are ( great int]e/ & 7 made use ( by /one-age man4 ,! copp] plates f\nd 9 ! m\nds ( ! ,mississippi ,valley sometimes conta9 impressions ( clo? & o!r fabrics4 ,!re are occasionally bits ( *>r$ clo?1 f\nd 9 alt>s or a%-pits or betwe5 copp] plates4 ,pr(essors ,holmes1 ,mills1 ,putnam1 & o!rs h describ$ ^! 9 v>i\s reports4 ,an inspection ( ! mat]ial illu/rat$ 9 ?is *apt] w acqua9t read]s ) ! fact t ! natives ( ,k5tucky made use ( v>i\s plants1 ! favorite ( :i* is ! ord9>y flag1 = ! manufacture ( baskets1 s&als1 etc4 ,9 ! ,s\?we/1 des]t plants1 su* z ! yucca1 possess+ ela/icity & /r5g?1 7 employ$ = a multitude ( purposes4 ,c\ld we h pres]v$ = our inspection ! textile fabrics made use ( 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley1 we d\btless %\ld obs]ve t primitive man 9 ?is great region employ$ ut5sils1 g>m5ts1 weapons1 tools1 & o!r ?+s made ( p]i%able mat]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fbe4 7,s4 #a-d to #a-e47 ,s&als f ,salts ,cave1 made ( b>k & wild hemp4 ,collection ( ,b5nett ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fbf4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,&ov] collection4 ,?ree s&als & an unf9i%$ object f ,pueblo ,bonito1 ,*aco ,gr\p1 ,new ,mexico4 ,f\nd by ,w4 ,k4 ,moorehead4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fbg4 7,s4 #b-e47 ,moccas9 worn ?r\gh at toe & heel1 f ,salts ,cave4 ,mat]ial1 leaves ( cat-tail4 ,collection ( ,b5nett ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,salts ,cave1 ne> ,mammo? ,cave 9 ,k5tucky1 has be5 rec5tly explor$ by ,colonel ,"y1 & ,i am indebt$ to him = pro(-%eets ( 8 "w1 8,discov]ies 9 ,k5tucky ,caves40 ,colonel ,"y /ates t ! cave has be5 kn[n = a hundr$ ye>s & is an extremely int]e/+ place4 ,^u exam9ation he asc]ta9$ t _m holes _h be5 dug 9 ! cave floor 7= x is cov]$ ) debris & cave e>?71 app>5tly by ! anci5t p :o _h at "s "t liv$ !re4 ,contr>y to ! cav]ns 9 ! ,oz>ks1 ?is cave has be5 visit$ & explor$ 9 prehi/oric times1 & ! rema9s ( man are n conf9$ to ! op5+s1 :]e x is light1 b ext5d = sev]al miles ?r\gh ! v>i\s labyr9?s4 ,colonel ,"y writes3-- 8,along ! ma9 cav]n = sev]al miles are num]\s fireplaces & a%-heaps2 small piles ( /one1 evid5tly plac$ to hold fagots us$ 9 light+2 innum]able p>tly burn$ tor*es ( cane-re$1 & ev5 ! footpr9ts ( ! m5 :o1 hundr$s ( ye>s ago1 walk$ along ^! maje/ic av5ues4 ,! cave conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( saltpet]1 & has a mean temp]ature ( fifty-f\r degrees4 ,! atmosph]e ( ! int]ior is dry & pure1 & ?is1 toge!r ) ! nitr\s matt] 9 ! e>?1 has produc$ conditions favorable to ! pres]vation ( all k9ds ( mat]ials4 ,ab\t ! he>?s & fireplaces 7 f\nd hundr$s ( fragm5ts ( g\rds1 & also "s %ells ( ! aborig9al squa%1 bo? ( :i* 7 9 an excell5t /ate ( pres]vation4 ,tor*es ( re$1 to be c\nt$ by ! ?\s&s1 :i* _h be5 fill$ ) grease or soak$ 9 oil1 traces ( :i* may /ill be se5 on "s specim5s1 appe>$ z if !y _h be5 ca/ aside b ye/]day4 ,along ! ma9 av5ues & ! second or l[] lay] ( caves1 z well z 9 _m side av5ues1 ^! tor*es 7 f\nd4 ,^? :o h sp5t mu* "t 9 ?is cav]n say t !y h discov]$ no places :]e ^! & o!r traces ( aborig9al man are abs5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fbh4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,collection ( ,b5nett ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,moccas9s & pieces ( clo? f ,salts ,cave4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fbi4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,flags1 wild hemp1 & o!r mat]ials us$ 9 mak+ clo?4 ,f ,salts ,cave4 ,collection ( ,b5nett ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fcj4 7,s4 v>y+47 ,collection ( ,b5nett ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,bag ( wov5 clo? f ,salts ,cave--n9e by sev5 in*es2 plait$ rope2 fragm5ts ( clo?4 8,among ! mo/ int]e/+ discov]ies 7 a numb] ( neatly braid$ slipp]s or s&als1 & fragm5ts ( textile art4 ,sev]al mat]ials seem to h be5 us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ^!4 ,"s 7 made ( ! fibre ( ! cat-tail1 or ,typha1 a plant :i* gr[s abundantly 9 ! ponds 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! /ate4 ,o!rs 7 wov5 ( ! inn] b>k ( trees1 probably ! pawpaw & l9n4 ,/ill o!rs 7 made ( :at appe>s to be ! fibre ( wild hemp1 & yet o!rs f a species ( grass :i* grew 9 great abundance on ! ,b>r5s ( ,k5tucky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fca4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,pair ( legg+s1 ) ! bone ne$les us$ 9 mak+ !m4 ,f cave-h\se ru9s 9 ea/]n ,utah1 #ahie4 ,collection ( ,h5ry ,montgom]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fcb4 7,s4 #a-e47 ,wood5 pail or tub f cave-h\se ru9s1 ,san ,juan ,c\nty1 ,utah1 #ahid4 ,h4 ,montgom]y's collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fcc4 7,s4 r$uc$ #b-c47 ,vase1 turkey =m4 ,fea!rs are indicat$ by m>ks made ) black pa9t4 ,collection ( ,b4 ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fcd4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,bir* b>k f a burial-pit 9 ,nor? ,dakota4 ,h5ry ,montgom]y's collection1 ,toronto4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fce4 7,s4 #a-g47 ,old wick] & tw9$ baskets f ! ,pueblo ( ,zui1 ,new ,mexico4 ,?is figure %[s "s old s-call$ ,zui-w>e1 collect$ = ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology by ,james ,/ev5son1 9 ,new ,mexico1 long ago4 8,! s&als %[ sev]al di/9ct =ms ( braid+2 ! mat]ial ( ! m delicate & graceful appe>s to be ! wild hemp1 & ! plait on ! out] side exhibits a beautiful triangul> figure4 ,!y h rais$ sides f ! heel to ! toe1 ! braids be+ work$ =w>d1 unit+ 9 a seam 9 ! middle l9e above ! toes4 ,ov] ! in/ep _m 7 lac$ ) cords1 ! lac+ /ill be+ pres]v$ 9 "s ( ! specim5s4 ,frequ5tly long ornam5tal tassels 7 plac$ above ! in/ep4 ,^! slipp]s are f\nd 9 ! crevices ( ! rock & on ! l$ges 9 out-(-!-way places :]e !y evid5tly _h be5 ca/ aside by ^! p4 ,all %[ signs ( we> at toe & heel4 ,sev]al display a m or less skillful attempt on ! "p ( ! own] at m5d+ or d>n+4 ,?is 0 done sometimes ) cord1 b frequ5tly ) b>k4 ,9 size !y v>y f small ones1 made = *ildr51 to specim5s correspond+ to a numb] sev5 %oe40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fcf4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,coil$ b[l-tray ( ! anci5t basket-mak]s1 cliffs ( s\!a/]n ,utah4 ,ornam5t$ by two s9u\s r+s 9 black4 ,collection ( ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york4 ,:ile we h "s numb]s ( textiles pres]v$ = our inspection1 yet our /udy ( ! subject is some:at n>r[$4 ,z has be5 previ\sly /at$1 ! bulk ( prehi/oric artifacts are compos$ ( m la/+ mat]ials4 ,x is un=tunate t we h s few ( ! g>m5ts1 robes1 head-dresses1 baskets1 wood5 & o!r ?+s once 9 use 9 ,am]ica4 ,?or\gh exploration ( ! caves & cav]ns1 ! cliff-h\ses & ru9$ pueblos may br+ to light quantities ( ?is textile & wood5 mat]ial1 & ,i w\ld urge t su* inve/igations be c>ri$ on4 ,_m ( ! cav]ns are ransack$ by curiosity-seek]s1 & soon all ! objects buri$ !re9 w h disappe>$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii ,,pott]y ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,9 ,volume #a1 ( ?is "w1 on page #bf1 is pres5t$ ! classification ( ! ,nom5clature ,committee ) ref]5ce to pott]y1 :i* cov]s1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 all ! specim5s illu/rat$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fcg4 7,s4 v>y+47 ,outl9es %[+ range ( =m ( vases4 ,middle ,mississippi ,valley ,gr\p4 ,:ile x is true t a great deal ( pott]y has be5 tak5 f m\nds1 graves1 cliff-h\ses & ru9$ pueblos by exp$itions "u my direction1 yet ,i h nev] made a detail$ /udy ( c]amic art 9 ,am]ica1 al?\gh 9 a c]ta9 s5se famili> ) ! =ms f\nd ?r\gh\t ?is c\ntry4 ,x w\ld be presumptu\s = "o to write ( a c]ta9 phase ( ar*ology t has be5 m ably & exhau/ively treat$ by "s "o :o is a recogniz$ au?ority4 ,& 9 pott]y we h two s*ol>s1 ^: explorations & /udies place !m fir/1 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,h4 ,holmes & ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore4 ,pr(essor ,holmes's 8,aborig9al ,pott]y ( ! ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates0#bi w be tak5 z ! la/ ^w on ! subject4 ,& ,mr4 ,moore's eighte5 reports ( explorations 9 ,florida1 ,georgia1 ,alabama1 & ,mississippi illu/rate all ! =ms 9 clay f\nd 9 t ext5sive region4 ,!re is 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates no collection ( ,s\!rn m\nd pott]y equal 9 ext5t to t obta9$ by ,mr4 ,moore4 ,8 explorations h be5 ( great b5efit to sci5ce1 & x is no exagg]ation to /ate t 8 works %$ v great light on prehi/oric art z well 9 pott]y z 9 o!r mat]ials4 ,!re=e1 ,i h quot$ by p]mission f bo? ,pr(essor ,holmes & ,mr4 ,moore1 & made use ( num]\s illu/rations f _! reports1 includ+ ! outl9es ( types prep>$ by ! =m]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fch4 ,outl9es %[+ range ( =m ( vases4 ,middle ,mississippi ,valley ,gr\p4 ,pott]y may be said to be ! b>omet] indicat+ ! culture /age ( any p4 ,9 ! f> ,nor? !re is no pott]y4 ,9 ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce bas9 pott]y is insignificant4 ,9 ,new ,engl& ! few arti/ic specim5s ( decorative pott]y h be5 made mu* ( by obs]v]s1 b ^! r>e examples ( ! c]amic art indicate progress on ! "p ( a few individuals4 ,!re 0 no real pott]s' art nor? ( ! ,ohio ,riv] or ea/ ( ! ,waba%4 ,true1 !re are "s good examples ( f9e pott]y f ! ,ohio m\nds1 b ! anci5t ,nor!rn peoples made b little progress 9 c]amic art save on ! "p ( a few individuals liv+ 9 ! ,scioto ,valley1 s\!rn ,ohio4 ,9 ! ,iroquois c\ntry x appe>s t ! natives 7 on ! v]ge ( develop+ art 9 pott]y1 & _h !y rema9$ 9 _! b>b>ic spl5dor two c5turies long]1 x is q likely t !y w\ld h made rem>kable advance 9 ! pott]s' art4 ,mu* ( _! pott]y is decorat$1 b x is crudely s4 ,_! pipes ( pott]y 7 highly develop$1 ornate1 & int]e/+4 ,b ^! h be5 consid]$ "u ! *apt] devot$ to pipes & smok+ cu/oms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fci4 ,vases ( comp\nd =m4 ,middle ,mississippi ,valley ,gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fdj4 ,vases ( comp\nd =m4 ,middle ,mississippi ,valley ,gr\p4 ,s f> z ,i am aw>e1 ! ,waba% ,riv] 9 ,indiana m>ks ! f>!/ nor?1 ( ,s\!rn types ( pott]y4 ,!re may be a few /rays n[ & !n1 b ! cemet]y explor$ by ,mr4 ,&]son = ,mr4 ,peabody1 at t place1 br\ght to light m ?an "o hundr$ j>s1 b[ls1 & effigies1 all ( di/9ct types4 7,a few are %[n 9 ,fig4 #fha47 ,else:]e nor? ( ! ,ohio & ea/ ( ! ,waba%1 ,i h n kn[n ( effigy pott]y be+ f\nd4#cj ,?r\gh\t ! ,ohio ,valley !re are "s f9e specim5s ( c]amic art f\nd 9 ! m\nds4 ,b ! pott]y1 z a rule1 betwe5 ! ,waba% & ! ,allegh5ies is ( ! ,=t ,anci5t culture4 ,"s ( x is %[n 9 ,figs4 #fdh1 #fdi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fda4 7,s4 ,,ab\t #a-aj47 ,collection ( pott]y1 f m\nds & graves 9 s\!a/]n ,miss\ri4 ,f ,f4 ,p4 ,graves's collection1 ,doe ,run1 ,miss\ri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fdb4 ,outl9es %[+ v>i\s features ( vase elaboration4 ,middle ,mississippi ,valley ,gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fdc4 ,outl9es %[+ v>i\s features ( vase elaboration4 ,middle ,mississippi ,valley ,gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fdd4 ,vases f a m\nd on ,p]dido ,bay4 ,gulf ,coa/ ,gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fde4 ,vases f a m\nd on ,p]dido ,bay4 ,gulf ,coa/ ,gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fdf4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,wiscons9 b[ls4 ,s4 ,d4 ,mit*ell's collection1 ,ripon1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fdg4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,urn ( pott]y4 ,f m\nd 9 we/]n ,ont>io4 ,collection ( ,h5ry ,montgom]y4 ,at ! great cemet]y at ,madisonville1 ,ohio1 ! pott]y does n exhibit skill 9 model+ or high f9i%4 ,all ! pott]y ( ?is great region appe>s to be crudely made1 ( inf]ior mat]ials1 temp]$ ) pulv]iz$ unio %ells or s&4 ,9 ,indiana & ,ill9ois !re are occasional effigies f\nd 9 ! m\nds1 b "o mu/ pass to ! ,cumb]l& & ,t5nessee valleys1 & to ! ,/4 ,francis bas9 ( ,arkansas1 to s\!a/]n ,miss\ri1 & to ! region ab\t ,memphis & ,na%ville = ! highe/ c]amic art ( ! ,s\!rn ,m\nd-,build]s4 ,^! p 7 peculi>ly skill$ 9 ! pott]'s art1 & all ! museums ( ! c\ntry are fill$ ) _! h&iwork4 ,pr(essor ,holmes has comm5t$ on x at great l5g? 9 ! publication cit$4 ,! pott]s' art 0 highly develop$ 9 regions explor$ by ,mr4 ,moore1 z is atte/$ by ! specim5s pres5t$ 9 ,figs4 #fgh1 #fgj-fgc4 ,b effigy pott]y 9 ,florida1 ,georgia1 & ,alabama is r>] ?an 9 ,arkansas & ,miss\ri4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is m decorative pott]y 7) incis$ l9es1 trac+s ( snakes & birds7 9 ! region explor$ by ,mr4 ,moore ?an 9 ! middle ,mississippi ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fdh4 7,s4 ab\t #a-f47 ,! two c5tral ones 9 ! upp] r[ & ! left-h& specim5 9 ! l[] r[ are corrugat$2 f nor!a/]n ,k5tucky4 ,! o!rs are f s\!rn ,k5tucky4 ,collection ( ,b5nett ,h4 ,"y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,?r\gh ! ,great ,pla9s !re is a de>? ( pott]y4 ,! buffalo hunt]s _h little ne$ ( x4 ,! cemet]ies & m\nds ( ! ,indian ,t]ritory & ,oklahoma1 & ( t long /ret* ( c\ntry flank+ ! ,arkansas ,riv]1 produce good pott]y1 b n comp>able ) t ( ! /one graves & m\nds ( ! c5tral ,s\?4 ,nor?we/]n ,cali=nia1 ! entire ,rocky ,m\nta9s pres5t an anomaly 9 ar*ology 9 t no pott]y--save "h & !re a /ray--is f\nd4 ,! ,cliff-,dwell] c\ntry1 by :i* ,i mean ! ,colorado ,riv] ,valley1 includ+ its tribut>ies1 ab\nds 9 pott]y ( ! highe/ type f\nd on ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,b :ile admitt+ t ! ,cliff-,dwell] pott]y 0 sup]ior 9 f9i%1 mat]ial1 & =m ( b[ls1 bottles1 & di%es1 yet ! effigies ( ! ,s\? & ! middle ,mississippi ,valley are sup]ior to effigies f\nd 9 ! ,cliff-,dwell] c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fdi4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,p]fect pott]y f\nd ) a skeleton1 ,g>tn] ,m\nd1 ,ohio4 ,w4 ,c4 ,mills's collection1 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,! uses ( pott]y are prim>ily dome/ic4 ,:e!r b[ls1 j>s1 & o!r =ms 7 us$ z receptacles 9 :i* to boil or /ew or bake matt]s n4 ,man inv5t$ pott]y because x 0 m conv5i5t = him to make a receptacle out ( clay & bake ! clay ?an to holl[ a b[l out ( /one4 ,he mov$ 9 ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance1 & x 0 easi] to make a b[l or a di% f clay ?an to c>ve su* a ut5sil f /one4 ,:ile ,indians roa/$ mu* ( _! meat on ! end ( /icks1 or bak$ ! food 9 ! a%es1 yet !y pref]r$ to boil & /ew _! foods4 ,?is is especially true ( ! e/abli%$ villages :]e a pr(usion ( pott]y fragm5ts ab\nds4 ,x is natural to suppose t z ! c]amic art develop$1 to ! v>iety ( =ms 9 clay1 man add$ ! di%1 ! wat]bottle1 ! effigy1 & m or less complicat$ =ms ( ! j> or ! b[l4 ,& because no?+ b true cook+-pots are f\nd 9 ! ,lake ,sup]ior region1 ,new ,engl&1 ! ,delaw>e & ,susquehanna valleys1 ,i claim t ! pott]y art 0 n develop$ 9 ^? regions beyond ! manufacture ( r\gh ut5sils to be us$ ab\t ! fire4 ,& al?\gh !re is "s m\nd pott]y 9 ,ohio ( su* f9i% & "* z to designate x z above1 & pott]y 0 made use ( 9 ! cul9>y arts1 yet ^! examples are r>e & d5ote r a high culture 9 a c]ta9 locality ?an pr(ici5cy 9 c]amic art4 ,x is only 9 ! c5tral & s\!rn portions ( ! ,mississippi ,valley & 9 ! ,cliff-,dwell] c\ntry t pott]y-mak+ became an art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fej4 7,s4 ab\t #a-aj47 ,v>i\s j>s1 bottles1 & b[ls1 f graves & m\nds 9 s\!a/]n ,miss\ri4 ,collection ( ,f4 ,p4 ,graves1 ,doe ,run1 ,miss\ri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fea4 7,s4 ab\t #a-e47 ,! small vessel is j ! size ( a teacup4 ,! re/or$ vessel has a diamet] ( elev5 in*es at ! top4 ,f\nd at ,two ,riv]s1 ,wiscons94 ,collection ( ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton1 ,two ,riv]s1 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #feb4 7,s4 ab\t #a-e47 ,?is pott]y has be5 c>efully re/or$4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ,w>eh\se ,po9t1 ,connecticut1 & is ?irty-eight & "o half in*es 9 circumf]5ce & fifte5 in*es high4 ,collection ( ,a4 ,e4 ,kilb\rne1 ,ea/ ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut4 ,inde$ 9 ! ,t5nessee /one graves1 & at ! village at ! m\? ( ! ,waba% ,riv] 9 ,indiana1 !re h be5 f\nd num]\s clay rattles & clay toys4 ,! latt] take ! =m ( small b[ls & di%es4 ,) !m are frequ5tly small clay pebbles4 ,^! little clay toys are buri$ ) skeletons ( *ildr5 rang+ f two to six ye>s ( age4 ,x is rem>kable t ^! p1 :om we h consid]$ z 9 ! middle /age ( b>b>ism1 %\ld h inv5t$ ! toy4 ,x is q probable t ! wom5 :o made ^! clay di%es 7 n influ5c$ by k ( simil> ?+s 9 use among ,europeans1 = ! ,t5nessee graves & ! ,waba% cemet]y appe> to be prehi/oric4 ,su* discov]ies z ! pres5ce ( ^! di%es alongside ( little *ildr5 sugge/ t we %\ld g sl[ly 9 our /atem5ts t mo/ ( ! "t ( ! aborig9es 0 giv5 up to w>f>e & b>b>ic c]emonies4 ,we "k n ! :ole /ory ( _! daily life1 b e ye> !re are additions to ! sum ( human k1 & su* f9ds z ,i h enum]at$ emphasize ! human side ( ^! p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fec4 ,univ]sity ( ,v]mont collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fed4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,univ]sity ( ,v]mont collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fee4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,univ]sity ( ,v]mont collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fef4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,brok5 pott]y f ,ohio & ,p5nsylvania sites4 ,&ov] collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #feg4 7,s4 #a-e47 ,b[ls f ,k5tucky graves & m\nds4 ,b4 ,h4 ,"y's collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #feh4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,florida pott]y4 ,&ov] collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fei4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,vessel1 f ,arkansas4 ,dav5port ,academy collection4 ,middle ,mississippi ,valley ,gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ffj4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,vase ) incis$ design4 ,f ,l\isiana4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ffa4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,florida pott]y4 ,phillips ,academy collection4 ,! c]amic arts among ! aborig9es embrace n only clay =ms us$ 9 cook+ & ollas = cool+1 r common 9 hot c\ntries2 b also effigies 7 made ( clay1 !re 7 clay sp9dle-:orls1 also clay r+s1 discs1 & objects we "k n ! use (4 ,clay beads h be5 f\nd 9 a numb] ( places4 ,illu/rations1 ) brief descriptions1 are pres5t$ ( all ^! clay ?+s4 ,x is q likely t on ! l>ge village-sites 9 ! ,t5nessee & ,cumb]l& valleys1 ext5d+ f c5tral ,k5tucky to c5tral ,t5nessee & nor!rn ,alabama1 _m sun-dri$ clay objects1 or objects imp]fectly burn$1 h disappe>$ ?r\gh climatic ag5cies4 ,i h rem>k$ on ! importance ( comp>+ hi/oric sites ) prehi/oric sites & h insi/$ t ?is %\ld be done4 ,i %all %[1 9 ! *apt] cit$ above1 t ! prehi/oric z well z ! mod]n ,indians select$ ! mo/ favorable localities = villages2 !re=e mod]n villages 7 (t5 built on ! site occupi$ by a prehi/oric build+4 ,! pres5ce ( /one1 clay1 bone1 & %ell objects on ^! sites indicates t ! population 0 great] 9 prehi/oric times ?an 9 mod]n4 ,! fabrics & ! wood5 objects ( anci5t times h long s9ce disappe>$1 z h mo/ su* ?+s ( ev5 two c5turies ago4 ,x is obs]v$ on _m sites t !re are no %ell objects ev5 9 ! a%-pits1 & few bone objects4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ffb4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,vase f ,madisonville1 ,ohio4 ,ohio ,valley ,gr\p4 ,i take ?is to mean t su* sites are ! olde/ ( all4 ,! ?+s t are pres]v$ are only ^? ( su* sub/ances z resi/ atmosph]ic ag5cies4 ,if "o w /udy a village-site1 walk+ back & =? across ! pl\gh$ field = h\rs1--z ,i h done1--"o w obs]ve t !re are pieces ( pott]y ( firm texture4 ,!re are o!r pieces ( pott]y ready to dis9tegrate4 ,! same is true ( %ells4 ,:ile "o's conclusions z to pott]y are bas$ ^u ! specim5s he f9ds1 yet ,i d n consid] x at all vision>y to assume t =ms 9 clay1 o!r ?an pott]y1 7 9 use among ! ,indians4 ,i1 myself1 h pick$ up fragm5ts ( pott]y 9 su* dis9tegrat$ condition t !y c\ld be crumbl$ up betwe5 ! ?umb & index f+]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ffc4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,vase f a m\nd at ,madisonville1 ,ohio4 ,ohio ,valley ,gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ffd4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,vase f a m\nd at ,madisonville1 ,ohio ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ffe4 7,s4 a little ov] #a-c47 ,vessel1 f ,arkansas4 ,middle ,mississippi ,valley ,gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ffg4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,vessel1 f ,arkansas4 ,dav5port ,academy collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fff4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,vase ) incis$ design4 ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ffh4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,f a m\nd ne> ,we/ ,bay ,p4 ,o4 8,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,rema9s ( ! ,nor?we/ ,florida ,coa/10 p4 #aca1 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ffi4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,clay vessels f ,iroquoian sites1 ,new ,york4 ,collection ( ! ,buffalo ,society ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 ,buffalo1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fgj4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,peculi> j> f\nd dur+ ,c4 ,b4 ,moore's explorations4 ,a vase1 probably unique1 ( comp\nd =m1 repres5t+ a %ort-neck$ bottle impos$ ^u a vessel ( ecc5tric %ape1 hav+ a s]ies ( f\r project+ lobes1 above & bel[4 ,! w>e is mo/ inf]ior4 ,! decoration1 fa9tly & rudely execut$1 consi/s p>tly ( ! scroll & p>tly ( p>allel l9es & punctate m>k+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fga4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,m\nd place4 ,a bottle ( gray w>e1 hav+ a flat base & a mo/ unusual %ape ( body--possibly a comp\nd =m4 ,! decoration consi/s ( s]ies ( curv$ trail$ l9es above ! spaces 9 ! l[] "p ( ! body4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fgb4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,m\nd bel[ ,h>e's ,l&+4 8,m\nds2 ,m\ndville ,revisit$2 ,m\nds ( ,*attahoo*ee & ,fl9t ,riv]40 ,moore1 p4 #dca1 ,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fgc4 7,s4 #c-d47 ,?is j> 0 badly cru%$1 & lay ap>t f human rema9s4 ,put toge!r1 x prov$ to be a beautiful j> ( highly poli%$ w>e4 ,! decoration is made ( scrolls1 depressions1 & incis$ encircl+ l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fgd4 7,s4 #b-i47 ,?ree f9e decorat$ j>s f graves 9 s\?we/]n ,k5tucky4 ,b4 ,h4 ,"y's collection1 ,l\isville4 ,! range ( pott]y 9 ,am]ica bo? nor? & s\? is f ! rude/1 ?ick1 clumsy b[l1 su* z has be5 f\nd 9 ,kansas or ,nebraska or 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,new ,engl&1 to ! highe/ art ( ! anci5t ,cliff-,dwell]s4 ,i d n say highe/ art ( ! ,pueblo p1 = ! mod]n ,pueblo art does n equal t ( ! anci5t ,pueblos or ,cliff-,dwell]s4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 :5 /udy+ ,am]ican pott]y1 t al?\gh a b[l f ,arkansas1 a bottle f ,mississippi1 a di% f ,t5nessee1 or a pit*] f ,new ,mexico may be ( simil> =m & l pott]y f\nd 9 ,greece1 ,egypt1 or ,europe1 yet ?is ,am]ican pott]y has su* an individuality ( its own t ! museum curator c at once di/+ui% ! "o f ! o!r4 ,truly ,am]ican pott]y is diff]5t f t f\nd else:]e 9 ! _w4 ,x may seem a p>adox & yet x is true t :ile ! b[l f ,miss\ri & ! b[l f anci5t ,rome may be ( ! same =m & size1 !re is a peculi>ity obs]v$ 9 ! ,am]ican specim5 t enables "o to set x aside z di/9ct & peculi> to ! ,am]ican aborig9es4 ,"o c\ld assemble & m+le 9 a museum a ?\s& vessels1 j>s1 & b[ls f all ov] ! _w1 remove all ! labels1 & yet ! /ud5ts ( ,am]ican c]amics w\ld at once pick out ^? t repres5t ,am]ican art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fge4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,vase ) incis$ design4 ,f ,mississippi4 ,dav5port ,academy collection4 ,pr(essor ,holmes1 9 8 publication previ\sly cit$1 divides ! pott]y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates into sev5 gr\ps3-- ,middle ,mississippi ,valley ,gr\p4 ,upp] ,mississippi ,valley1 or ,nor?we/ ,gr\p4 ,ohio ,valley ,gr\p4 ,iroquoian ,gr\p4 ,atlantic ,algonqu9 ,gr\p4 ,s\? ,appala*ian ,gr\p4 ,gulf ,coa/ ,gr\p4 ,ab\t ! pott]y ( ,new ,engl& he /ates3-- 8,! vessels 7 m]e pots1 & ! pipes1 al?\gh sometimes ornam5t$ ) incis$ l9es & ind5tations1 are ma9ly ! simple b5t trumpet ( ! m s\!rn areas4 ,! clay is temp]$ usually ) a l>ge p]c5tage ( co>se s&1 ! f9i% is comp>atively rude1 & ! ornam5t1 ?\gh v>i$1 is always elem5t>y4 ,! surfaces h1 9 _m cases1 be5 textur$ ) cord-cov]$ paddles1 & ov] ^!1 or on spaces smoo!d d[n = ! purpose1 are v>i\s crude patt]ns made ) cords1 bits ( fabric1 r\lettes1 & po9t$ tools ( _m v>ieties4 ,! use ( ! r\lette w\ld seem to l9k ! art ( ?is ,abnaki region v closely ) t ( ! middle ,atlantic ,/ates & portions ( ! upp] ,mississippi region40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fgf4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,vessel imitat+ animal =m2 f ,arkansas4 ,middle ,mississippi ,valley ,gr\p4 ,dav5port ,academy collection4 ,9 ,new ,j]sey1 9 ! ,*esapeake region1 ! pott]y-w>e is to a l>ge ext5t ( ,algonqu9 type1 al?\gh "s ,iroquoian w>es are f\nd4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,new ,engl&1 ! =ms are simple1 ! pott]y crudely made4 ,b ( c\rse !re are f\nd fragm5ts exhibit+ consid]able skill 9 manufacture4 ,^! may be exotic types1 & _! pres5ce due to k ( ! art ( m advanc$ tribes1 or to b>t] or ex*ange4 ,! l[] ,mississippi m\nds furni% "s v sup]ior pott]y1 ?\gh _m ( ! b[ls1 di%es1 & j>s tak5 f ! m\nds ( t region are no m skillfully made ?an ^? ( ! ,/4 ,francis & ,cumb]l& valleys4 ,!re are "s examples ( black pott]y1 v highly f9i%$1 f\nd along ! ,r$ ,riv]4 ,pr(essor ,holmes says ( ^!3-- 8,! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ics ( ! bett] examples ( ?is w>e are ! black color & ! me*anical p]fection ( con/ruction1 surface f9i%1 & decoration4 ,! =ms are v>i$ & symmetric4 ,! black surface is highly poli%$ & is usually decorat$ ) incis$ patt]ns4 ,! scroll 0 ! favorite decorative design1 & x w be difficult to f9d 9 any "p ( ! _w a m *a/e & elaborate treatm5t ( ?is motive40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fgg4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,vessel imitat+ animal =m2 f ,arkansas4 ,pr(essor ,holmes devotes special att5tion to ! s\!rn ,appala*ian /amp$ w>e4 ,mo/ ( ! specim5s 9 ! ,smi?sonian came f ! ,savannah ,riv] ,valley4 ,mr4 ,moore has dug up a great deal ( ?is pott]y along ! ,atlantic seabo>d4 ,! designs are /amp$ by means ( a paddle4 ,pr(essor ,holmes gives u ! foll[+ description3-- 8,al?\gh "s ( ! peculi> designs ) :i* ! paddle /amps 7 embelli%$ may h come1 z has be5 sugge/$1 f neighbor+ ,antillean peoples1 x is probable t ! implem5t is ( ,cont95tal orig94 ,x is easy to see h[ ! use ( figur$ model+-tools c\ld arise ) any p out ( ! simple primitive processes ( vessel-model+4 ,z ! walls 7 built up by means ( flatti% /rips ( clay1 add$ "o ^u ano!r1 ! f+]s & h& 7 us$ to weld ! p>ts toge!r & to smoo? d[n ! unev5 surfaces4 ,9 "t v>i\s improvis$ implem5ts w\ld come into use--%ells = scrap+1 smoo? /ones = rubb+1 & paddle-l tools = malleat+4 ,"s ( ! latt]1 hav+ textur$ surfaces1 w\ld leave figur$ impr9ts on ! pla/ic surface1 & ^!1 produc+ a pleas+ effect on ! primitive m9d1 w\ld lead to ext5sion ( use1 &1 f9ally1 to ! inv5tion ( special tools & ! add+ ( elaborate designs4 ,b ! use ( figur$ surfaces seems to h _h o!r ?an purely decorative functions1 &1 inde$1 9 mo/ cases1 ! decorative idea may h be5 second>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fgh4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,effigy bottle4 ,collection ( ,e4 ,e4 ,baird1 ,popl> ,bluff1 ,miss\ri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fgi4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,effigy pott]y f s\?we/]n ,k5tucky4 ,b4 ,h4 ,"y's collection1 ,l\isville4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fhj4 7,s4 ab\t #a-h47 ,decorat$ & pa9t$ b[ls & j>s typical ( ! be/ pott]y1 f ! ,middle ,mississippi ,valley4 ,tak5 f m\nds & graves ( ,arkansas & ,miss\ri4 ,f ! collection ( ,f4 ,p4 ,graves1 ,doe ,run1 ,miss\ri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fha4 7,s4 #a-e47 ,?ree effigy b[ls4 ,f ! ,waba% ,cemet]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fhb4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,rem>kable effigy b[l 9 clay4 ,suppos$ to be a life-mask4 ,f\nd ne> ,bly!sville1 ,mississippi ,c\nty1 ,arkansas4 ,f burial-site :i* 0 be+ wa%$ away by riv]4 ,side view4 ,collection ( ,h4 ,m4 ,braun1 ,ea/ ,/4 ,l\is1 ,ill9ois4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fhc4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,front view ( ,fig4 #fhb4 8,x w be obs]v$ by "o :o attempts ! manipulation ( clay t /rik+ or paddl+ ) a smoo? surface has (t5 ! t5d5cy to ext5d flaws & to />t new ones1 ?us weak5+ ! wall ( ! vessel1 b a ribb$ or deeply figur$ surface prop]ly appli$ has ! effect ( weld+ ! clay toge!r1 ( knead+ ! pla/ic surface1 produc+ numb]less m9ute dovetail+s ( ! clay :i* connect across weak l9es & incipi5t cracks1 add+ greatly to ! /r5g? ( ! vessel4 8,t ! figur$ /amp _h a dual function1 a te*nic & an e/hetic "o1 is fully app>5t4 ,:5 x 0 appli$ to ! surface x remov$ unev5ness & weld$ ! pla/ic clay into a firm1 t5aci\s mass4 ,sc>ify+ ) a rude comb-l tool 0 employ$ 9 "s sections = ! same purpose1 & 0 s us$ m g5]ally on ! inn] surface1 :]e a paddle or /amp c\ld n be employ$4 ,t ?is 0 recogniz$ z "o ( ! functions ( ! /amp is %[n by ! fact t 9 _m neatly f9i%$ vessels1 :]e c]ta9 portions receiv$ a smoo? f9i%1 ! paddle _h fir/ be5 us$ ov] ! entire vessel1 ! patt]n be+ aft]w>d work$ d[n ) a poli%+-/one4 ,h[ev]1 ! beauty ( ! designs employ$ & ! c>e & ta/e ) :i* !y 7 appli$ to ! vases be> ample te/imony to ! fact t ! function ( ! /amp z us$ 9 ?is prov9ce 0 l>gely e/hetic40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fhd4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,?ree typical b[ls f ! ,*aco ,gr\p ( ru9s1 ,new ,mexico4 ,dug up f debris 9 a l[] room1 ,pueblo ,bonito1 9 #ahig1 by ,w4 ,k4 ,moorehead4 ,( ! life elem5t 9 decoration on pott]y1 ,pr(essor ,holmes writes at "s l5g?4 ,he assembl$ a numb] ( vessels on :i* 7 v>i\s decorations repres5t+ man1 quadrup$s1 birds1 reptiles1 batra*ians1 & fi%es4 8,! conclusion rea*$ is t !re is at lea/ a l>ge degree ( consi/5cy1 & t p>ticul> =ms ( creatures may be recogniz$ f> d[n ! scale t[>d ! geometric4 ,exceptions 7 not$1 h[ev]4 ,! symbols are occasionally int]m+l$1 z if ! significance ( ! p>ticul> =ms _h be5 lo/ sight (1 ! pott] us+ !m z symbols ( ! life idea 9 g5]al1 or z m]e decorations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fhe4 7,s4 ab\t #a-d47 ,f\r typical ,*aco pit*]s4 ,&ov] collection4 8,z a rule1 ! incis$ designs are m highly conv5tional ?an ! pla/ic1 ! eagle & ! s]p5t be+ ! only incis$ =ms1 s f> z has be5 obs]v$1 reali/ically treat$2 b x 0 possible to recognize o!rs ?r\gh _! association ) ! model$ =ms4 ,9 vessels furni%$ ) ! head ( a bird 9 relief1 = example1 ! same k9d ( incis$ figures 7 g5]ally f\nd ar\nd ! vessel1 & ^! are recogniz$ z be+ m or less fully conv5tionaliz$ repres5tations ( w+s4 ,! same is true ( ! fi% & its gills1 f9s1 & tail2 ( ! s]p5t & its spots & rattles1 & ( ! frog & its legs4 ,! reliev$ figures1 reali/ically treat$1 become ?us a key to ! =mal incis$ designs1 enabl+ u to id5tify !m :5 sep>ately us$4 ,x w be se51 h[ev]1 t s9ce all =ms %ade (f into ! purely geometric1 !re comes a /age :5 all mu/ be practically alike2 & 9 indep5d5t positions1 s9ce we h no key1 we fail to di/+ui% !m1 & c only say t :atev] !y repres5t$ to ! pott] !y _c be to u m ?an m]e sugge/ions ( ! life idea4 ,to ! native pott] ! life concept 0 probably an ess5tial association ) e vessel40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fhf4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,d\ble j> f ! ,*aco ,gr\p4 ,f\nd 9 a l[] room 9 ,pueblo ,bonito4 ,all writ]s on pott]y obs]ve a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! w>e ( ! ,nor? & t ( ! ,s\?4 ,pr(essor ,holmes po9ts to ?is 9 m ?an "o place 9 8 writ+s1 & he asks ?is "q3 8,is x due to diff]5ces 9 race8 ,7 ! ,s\!rn tribes z a body m highly end[$ ?an ! ,nor!rn1 or did ! curr5ts ( migration1 repres5t+ di/9ct c5tres ( culture1 come f opposite qu>t]s to meet along ?is l9e4 ,or does ! diff]5ce result f ! unlike environm5ts ( ! two sections1 ! "o f]tile & salubri\s1 enc\rag+ progress 9 art1 & ! o!r rigor\s & exact+1 *eck+ t5d5cies 9 t direction8 ,or does ! weak5+ art impulse indicate increas+ di/ance f ! great art c5tres 9 ! f> ,s\?1 9 ,mexico1 & ,yucatan80 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fhg4 7,s4 #a-h47 ,a beautiful collection ( c]amics f cliff-h\ses 9 ,utah & ,new ,mexico4 ,m4 ,c4 ,long's collection1 ,kansas ,city1 ,miss\ri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fhh4 7,s4 indicat$47 ,a j> ( 8coil$ w>e10 f a cliff-h\se 9 ,new ,mexico4 ,collection ( ,m4 ,c4 ,long1 ,kansas ,city1 ,miss\ri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fhi4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,/ones us$ 9 smoo?+ pott]y1 knead+ clay1 etc4 ,! antiquity ( pott]y 9 ?is c\ntry is a "q ( absorb+ int]e/4 ,p]haps ! %ell m\nds ( ,florida %$ m light on ?is "q ?an d o!r rema9s4 ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore1 :o has explor$ = sev]al seasons1 & ?or\ghly op5$ numb]s ( %ell m\nds1 /ates t sometimes !re 0 no pott]y 9 ! l[] lay]s ( "s ( ^! m\nds4 ,?is w\ld indicate t "s ( ! %ell m\nds are v old1 & _h be5 9 use be=e ! discov]y & utilization ( pott]y by our aborig9es4 ,i regret t ,i h n space to quote ,mr4 ,moore's rem>ks at l5g?1 b mu/ ref] read]s to 8 reports1 :i* take up ?is important "q 9 detail4 ,mr4 ,br[n reports on ! pott]y ( 8 region z foll[s3-- 8,ab\t ?irty-five specim5s ( ! e>!nw>e vessels ( ! ,wiscons9 ,indians are n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,mo/ ( ^! h be5 describ$ & figur$ 9 ! ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! vessels 9 ! ,j4 ,p4 ,s*uma*] collection at ,gre5 ,bay is tw5ty in*es 9 height & tw5ty-two in*es 9 diamet] at ! wide/ "p4 ,x has ! great capacity ( two & "o f\r? bu%els4 ,! smalle/ specim5 is 9 ! ,h4 ,p4 ,hamilton collection & is ( ab\t ! size ( an ord9>y cup4 8,o!r pott]y objects f\nd 9 ,wiscons9 include pipes1 a few beads1 & p]=at$ discs made ( pot%]ds40 ,i am indebt$ to ,pr(essor ,holmes = ,figures #fcg to #fdf1 #fei1 #ffj1 #ffb to #ffg1 #fge1 #fgg1 & to ,mr4 ,moore = ,figures #ffh to #fgd4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii ,,hematite ,,objects ,! hematite b$s 9 v>i\s portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates furni%$ ! ,indians ) pa9t & ) implem5ts4 ,hematite1 l copp]1 be+ diff]5t f o!r mat]ials ) :i* he 0 famili> appeal$ to ! aborig9e4 ,its bright r$ color attract$ him1 & al?\gh he f\nd mo/ ( x v h>d1 yet he made use ( x to a rem>kable ext5t :5 "o consid]s h[ refractory x 0 = him to "w4 ,hematite is f\nd on ! surface 9 l>ge quantities 9 portions ( ,miss\ri & ,arkansas1 9 we/]n ,virg9ia1 ,ohio1 & else:]e4 ,mo/ ( ! hematite seems to come f ,miss\ri4 ,x 0 common !re1 & !re=e ! native made ( x groov$ hematite axes1 :i* he did n d else:]e 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,"o supposes t hematite 0 ex*ang$ & b>t]$ ) remote tribes4 ,j z 9 ! case ( copp]1 ! natives ( ,l\isiana1 ,mississippi1 ,indiana1 & ,mi*igan priz$ _! hematite highly & made ( x _! mo/ p]fect plummet-%ap$ ornam5ts1 hematite celts1 & su* o!r objects z x 0 possible = !m to manufacture4 ,! s(t] k9ds ( hematite 7 gr\nd into pa9t1 & !re are frequ5tly f\nd on ! village-sites along ! ,ohio ,riv] small blocks ( hematite worn to flat surfaces4 ,!re is 9 ! ,arkansas region a v h>d blue-r$ or blue-gray hematite4 ,h[ ! ,indians cut ?is into symmetrical oval plummets has always be5 a my/]y to me4 ,if ! r\gh nugget 0 gr\nd by means ( o!r /ones or s&1 "o is sc>cely able to conceive h[ ! f9i%$ article 0 produc$4 ,! process mu/ h be5 long & labori\s1 mu* m s ?an ! manufacture ( an effigy pipe1 or ! mak+ ( a problematical =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fij4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,eight hematite objects f ! ,&ov] collection4 ,9 ! upp] "r-h& corn] is a hematite pebble1 poli%$ on two ( its angles & r\gh on ! o!r side4 ,?is illu/rates h[ hematite 0 cut & gr\nd until r$uc$ to ! desir$ %ape4 ,fl9t scrat*+s are /ill pla9 on ! surface4 ,j b5ea? x is a triangul> bit ( hematite4 ,?is is ( s(t hematite4 ,! flat surface may be due to gr9d+ 9 ord] to obta9 pa9t4 ,b5ea? are two hematite cones4 ,! f\r specim5s to ! left repres5t hematite objects 9 v>i\s /ages ( manufacture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fia4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,^! are f ! collection ( ,george ,y4 ,hull1 ,/4 ,joseph1 ,miss\ri4 #a4 ,celt f m\nd1 ,&rew ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri4 ,smoo? & well made b n poli%$4 #b4 ,plumb mu* pitt$ by age1 surface f9d1 ,callaway ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri4 #c4 ,a f9e truncat$ cone us$ z a pa9t-gr9d]4 ,top ( cone is worn & depress$ f use4 ,surface f9d1 ,callaway ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri4 #d4 ,f9ely poli%$ celt1 surface f9d1 ,doniphan ,c\nty1 ,kansas4 #e4 ,f an old grave ne> ! village-site at ,wa!na1 ,kansas4 #f4 ,axe ) flat top & flat side1--a surface f9d1 ,callaway ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri4 #g4 ,f an old village-site at ,k+ ,hill1 ,/4 ,joseph1 ,bu*anan ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! celts is self-evid5t1 numb]s #a & #d be+ squ>e1 & #e & #g oval4 ,! h>d gray hematite ref]r$ to resi/s ! knife & w we> an ord9>y file 9 a %ort "t1 yet 9 ! alt> m\nds ( ! ,ohio ,valley1 & 9 ! old] graves 7n graves ( ! hi/oric p]iod7 are f\nd numb]s ( ^! sl5d] hematite plummets 7see ,fig4 #gjj7 work$ f ! h>de/ & mo/ refractory iron ore4 ,x is un=tunate t ! e>lie/ tribes kn[n to ! voyag]s & explor]s 9 ?is c\ntry _h no hematite objects 9 use among !m4 ,if s1 ,i fail to f9d ref]5ces to su* objects4 ,?is is un=tunate because hematite c]ta9ly 0 consid]$ z m ?an ( pass+ importance4 ,x is q likely t because x 0 s difficult to d$uce x to ! desir$ %ape ! s-call$ plummets 7 made use (1 z ,dr4 ,yates sugge/s1 z /ones us$ 9 c]ta9 c]emonies1 or by %amans1 or z *>m-/ones4 ,i h se5 unf9i%$ hematite plummets1 b _c "w out a satisfactory !ory z to _! manufacture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fib4 7,s4 #a-e47 ,?is figure illu/rates ?ree groov$ axes 9 ! l[] r[2 an unf9i%$ hematite implem5t ( unkn[n purpose & a hematite nodule above4 ,hematite axes are frequ5tly f\nd 9 ,miss\ri1 b seem r>e else:]e 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! groove may entirely encircle !m1 or be fa9tly indicat$ on ! back4 ,b usually !y are groov$ entirely ar\nd4 ,! "o 9 ! l[] left-h& corn] has a broad1 %>p1 cutt+ edge4 ,naturally1 because ( its h>dness1 hematite made excell5t axes4 ,!y reta9$ _! edges long] & m ne>ly approa*$ ! mod]n iron axe ?an any o!r aborig9al tool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fic4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,hematite objects f ! collection ( ,dr4 ,h5ry ,m4 ,:elpley1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri4 ,hematite plummet to ! left1 groov$ axe 9 ! c5tre1 a hematite cone to ! "r1 a celt 9 ! l[] "r-h& corn]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fid4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,gr\p ( n9e groov$ hematite axes1 f ea/]n & c5tral ,miss\ri4 ,collection ( ,f4 ,p4 ,graves1 ,doe ,run1 ,miss\ri4 ,i h pres5t$ a s]ies ( figures cov]+ all ! kn[n =ms ( hematites4 ,no classification 0 attempt$ by ! ,nom5clature ,committee1 & ! foll[+ is ( my own make3-- ,elongat$ or oval ,plummet-%ap$4 7,fig4 #gjj47 hematites4 ,egg-%ap$4 7,fig4 #fii47 ,egg-%ap$1 flatt5$4 7,fig4 #fig1 l[] r[47 ,cone-%ap$4 7,fig4 #fig1 upp] "p47 ,edg$ hematites4 ,celt =m1 oval4 7,fig4 #fia1 specim5s #e & #g47 ,celt =m1 bevel$ edge4 7,fig4 #fic1 l[] "r47 ,axe =m4 7,figs4 #fid1 #fie47 ,irregul> =ms4 7,fig4 #gja47 ,pa9t-/one hematite4 7,fig4 #fij1 second f ! top47 ,hematite be+ valuable1 may h s]v$ sev]al purposes & d\btless did4 ,! small celts might h be5 set 9 ! heads ( w>-clubs & securely gumm$ 9 place4 ,i h no p>ticul> evid5ce z to ?is1 b h always believ$ t "s ( !m 7 s us$4 ,occasionally1 "o f9ds hematite ornam5ts & hematite bicaves4 ,! in=mation "o is able to imp>t ) ref]5ce to hematite implem5ts & _! use is an illu/ration ( ! disadvantages "u :i* we labor 9 deal+ ) "s ( our ar*ological problems4 ,!re are c]ta9 phases ( prehi/oric life ) ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fie4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,two ( ! be/ groov$ axes ,i h ev] se5 are %[n 9 ?is figure1 f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,braun1 ,ea/ ,/4 ,l\is1 ,ill9ois4 ,!re is "o 9 ! ,national ,museum1 & "o 9 ! ,new ,york ,museum1 ea* ( :i* weighs ov] t5 p\nds1 & !y are ne>ly z symmetrical z ,mr4 ,braun's l>ge/ axe4 :i* we are famili>4 ,o!rs we "k no?+ ( save z we le>n by cont9u\s /udy1 by glean+ a fact "h & !re f ! specim5s !mselves1 & f exploration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fif4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,a beautiful hematite axe f ! collection ( ,h5ry ,m4 ,:elpley1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri4 ,?is 0 f\nd 9 c5tral ,miss\ri4 ,9 ! collection at ,&ov] !re are ab\t f\r hundr$ hematite objects4 ,! collections 9 ! ,smi?sonian & ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory are mu* l>g]4 ,d\btless we %\ld be q surpris$ if we 7 able to recon/ruct ! pa/ & see to :at use ^! /range iron ore specim5s 7 put by ! natives :o work$ s long & labori\sly to br+ !m into a /ate ( p]fection4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,br[n1 report+ on ! hematites ( 8 region1 /ates3 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fig4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,hematite cones4 ,collection ( ,h4 ,m4 ,:elpley1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri4 ,localities3 ,miss\ri1 ,ill9ois1 & ,arkansas4 8,a small numb] ( implem5ts made ( ?is mat]ial h be5 obta9$ 9 ,wiscons94 ,^! include a groov$ axe1 a numb] ( celts1 sev]al cones & plummets1 a gorget1 & a pipe4 ,! total numb] ( specim5s ( all classes at pres5t kn[n to exi/ 9 local collections does n exce$ ?irty specim5s4 ,ne>ly all come f s\!rn ,wiscons9 c\nties4 ,sev]al specim5s h be5 obta9$ z f> nor? 9 ! /ate z ,w9nebago ,c\nty4 ,x is likely t "s ( ^! hematite implem5ts 7 introduc$ into ! /ate ?r\gh e>ly trades ) middle ,mississippi ,valley tribes40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fih4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,hematite cones4 ,collection ( ,h5ry ,m4 ,:elpley1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri4 ,f ,ill9ois1 ,miss\ri1 ,arkansas4 ,hematite objects d n seem to h s]v$ z tools--save p]haps z celts & axes--b on ! contr>y !y are ( ! problematical class4 ,! bright color ( ! /one & its peculi> prop]ties d\btless appeal$ to /one-age man4 ,! fact t hematite celts are f\nd 9 graves & m\nds & also hematite plummets1 :]eas ord9>y /one axes are seldom1 if ev]1 f\nd 9 m\nds or graves1 w\ld /r5g!n ! hypo!sis t objects made ( ?is peculi> /one 7 consid]$ ap>t f ! ord9>y run ( artifacts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fii4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,hematite plummets1 groov$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,collection ( ,h5ry ,m4 ,:elpley1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gjj4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,^! objects are also f ! ,&ov] collection & %[ ! v>i\s types ( plummets4 ,9 ! c5tre is a f9e plummet ( /eel gray hematite1 v h>d4 ,b5ea? x1 a hematite a trifle s(t] 9 :i* !re are "s flaws4 ,at ! top1 an unf9i%$ hematite peck$ & gr\nd into %ape1 b n poli%$ or groov$4 ,on ei!r side ( ! c5tre1 rud] hematite plummets1 & at ! top1 to ! left1 a groov$ hematite object1 ! groove ext5d+ ar\nd ! longe/ p]iph]y ( ! object4 ,to ! "r is a small plummet1 groov$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gja4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,?is ornam5t is made ( hematite4 ,x is rem>kable 9 t bo? ends are decorat$ by not*es4 ,on ! upp] end !re are elev5 not*es or incis$ l9es2 on ! l[] or broad end !re are f\rte5 l9es4 ,?is specim5 is n a type b an anomaly4 ,x is ( heavy1 pure hematite & n ( /one discolor$ by iron oxide z are _m ( ! ornam5ts4 ,x 0 extremely difficult to "w because ( ! d5sity & h>dness ( ! mat]ial4 ,aside f ^! facts ?is =m is peculi>4 ,! edges are slightly bevel$4 ,! specim5 %[s unmi/akable evid5ce ( antiquity because ( ! pat9a1 & ! cutt+s 7/ri7 are irregul> & h be5 made ) fl9t & n ) /eel4 ,ross ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,&ov] collection4 ,! r$uction ( ! h>d] hematites to symmetrical plummets & cones mu/ h be5 a sev]e task = workm5 possess$ ( no metallic tools4 ,truly ! anci5t artisan :o _h ! pati5ce to cut & gr9d gray hematite 7! h>de/ ( all7 8work$ at 8 task ) a resolute w40 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t !re are n a few b hundr$s ( ^! hematite problematical =ms work$ f mo/ refractory iron ore4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv ,,miscellane\s ,,objects ,aft] "o has attempt$ to describe & illu/rate mo/ ( ! types ( anci5t artifacts occurr+ 9 ,am]ica1 "o discov]s t !re are num]\s objects :i* sc>cely fall "u any ( ! classifications4 ,^! ,i h plac$ "u ?is *apt] devot$ to miscellane\s objects4 ,at "s future "t ,i hope to consid] ^! at great] l5g?1 = x w be q possible to devote an entire *apt] to ! club & paddle-l implem5ts ( ! ,pacific ,coa/1 ano!r to ! slate knives ( ,new ,engl&1 & additional ones to ! arr[-%aft /raight5]s1 or ! cup-/ones--all ( :i* are illu/rat$ 9 ! ensu+ pages4 ,9 ,figs4 #gjb1 #gjc1 & #gjc ,a are %[n "s ( ! curi\s /one club & paddle-l implem5ts ( ! ,pacific ,coa/4 ,rev]5d ,h4 ,c4 ,m]$i?1 a collector ( "s exp]i5ce 9 ,cali=nia1 call$ ^! 8/one c]emonial swords10 & describ$ ^? %[n 9 ,fig4 #gjb z foll[s3-- 8,?is figure %[s two r>e c]emonial knives4 ,no4 #b is ( f9e s&/one1 ab\t sixte5 in*es long1 ) a broad blade t is r$uc$ to a %>p edge4 ,x 0 f\nd on a village-site ne> ,vacaville1 & w\ld make a =midable weapon4 8,no4 #c is a d\ble-edg$ & beautiful specim54 ,! mat]ial is mottl$ gre5 & :ite s]p5t9e4 ,x is f9ely poli%$1 & n mu* less ?an eighte5 in*es long4 ,x is 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,b4 ,c>r1 ,etna ,mills4 ,two specim5s simil> to ?is "o1 b n ne>ly s f9e1 are 9 ! ,jewett collection4 ,all ?ree specim5s are f ,siskiy\4 ,l ! *ipp$ c]emonials1 ^! knives are ( extreme age1 if n prehi/oric4 ,"w ( ?is class is n done by ! ,indians ( to-day40 ,:e!r ! paddle-%ap$ implem5ts 9 ! two foll[+ figures are to be consid]$ z 8c]emonial swords10 ,i am n suffici5tly famili> ) ,cali=nia ar*ology to /ate4 ,fig4 #gjc pres5ts ?ree rem>kable specim5s f ,oregon & ,colorado2 collection ( ,e4 ,d4 ,zimm]man1 ,kutzt[n1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! purpose ( ^! /range objects is unkn[n to me4 ,!y are wr\ght ) consid]able skill & evid5tly p]=m$ "s function 9 anci5t times4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gjb4 7,s4 #b-g47 ,/one c]emonial knives4 ,cali=nia4 ,collection ( ,a4 ,b4 ,c>r & ,h4 ,c4 ,m]$i?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gjc4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,/one clubs1 f ,oregon & ,wa%+ton4 ,collection ( ,e4 ,d4 ,zimm]man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gjc ,a4 7,s4 ab\t #a-e47 ,/one club f ne> ,flor5ce1 ,lane ,c\nty1 ,oregon2 f\nd on a village-site ab\t ?ree miles f ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,a duplicate club 0 f\nd at ! same place lat]4 ,collection ( ,a4 ,f4 ,b>rott1 ,owego1 ,new ,york4 ,fig4 #gjd ,a illu/rates f\r ( ! curi\s club-heads1 or p]=at$ /ones1 common 9 ,cali=nia & ,arizona4 ,v>i\s !ories h be5 advanc$ z to ^!2 ! mo/ s5sible ( :i* appe>s to me to be ! /atem5t t !y 7 made use ( z weights1 to facilitate ! use ( digg+-tools or /icks4 ,!re is "s reason = ! acceptance ( ?is !ory1 z ! discs are f\nd 9 regions :]e ! rais+ ( crops by means ( irrigation 0 kn[n to ! natives4 ,fig4 #gje is an illu/ration ( a s+ul> tool-h&le1 some:at common ne> ! ,columbia ,riv] & f>!r nor? along ! ,pacific ,coa/4 ,a f9e "o is 9 ! possession ( ,dr4 ,john ,f>go ( ,los ,angeles1 ,cali=nia1 & x is id5tical ) ?is "o4 ,slate 0 made use ( by ! ,new ,engl& ,indians n only = arr[- & spe>-po9ts b knives z well4 ,fig4 #gjg1 reproduc$ f ,dr4 ,william ,beau*amp's article1#ca %[s n9e slate knives f sites along ! ,s5eca & ,oneida riv]s & ,oneida ,lake1 we/]n ,new ,york4 ,9 ,fig4 #gaj are figur$ two beautiful slate knives f ! ,peabody ,museum collection1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,i 0 v =tunate 9 procur+ = exam9ation ! rem>kable specim5 %[n 9 ,fig4 #gaa4 ,x pres5ts a woman's knife ( black slate 9 ! orig9al h&le4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,b4 ,w4 ,arnold ( ,albany w5t nor? to ,alaska "s ye>s ago1 he f\nd ?is knife 9 ! h&s ( a woman :o 0 us+ x 9 cutt+ op5 fi%4 ,he pur*as$ x f h] & plac$ x 9 8 collection4 ,x illu/rates ! me?od ( m\nt+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gjd4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,?ree rem>kable specim5s f ,oregon & ,colorado4 ,e4 ,d4 ,zimm]man's collection4 ,! h&le is crudely cut out ( wood1 & ! only ?+s mod]n ab\t x are ! /r+s :i* hold x 9 place1 !y be+ ord9>y tw9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gjd ,a4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,f\r curi\s club-heads or p]=at$ /ones1 common 9 ,cali=nia4 ,beloit ,college collection4 ,b p]haps z int]e/+ z any o!r ( ! objects are ! oval & flat /ones ) creases or depressions across !m1 :i* are suppos$ to be ! result ( /raight5+ or r$uc+ arr[-%afts1 lance-h&les1 & o!r long1 sl5d] objects4 ,all ( ^? %[n 9 ,figs4 #gjf1 #gjh1 & #gji exhibit diff]5ces4 ,^? 9 ,fig4 #gjf1 collect$ by ,pr(essor ,montgom]y1 are neatly made & ornam5t-l 9 %ape4 ,mr4 ,b>dwell's specim51 ,fig4 #gjh1 is an ord9>y bit ( s&/one on :i* !re are two deep grooves at "r angles4 ,we h a numb] ( !m 9 our ,&ov] collection1 & ,i h %[n five 9 ,fig4 #gji4 ,mo/ ar*ologi/s agree t ! /ones 7 us$ = ! purpose nam$4 ,ne> cav]ns1 rock-%elt]s1 & along bluffs we f9d t ! surface ( gritty /ones or l$ges exhibit su* grooves4 ,fig4 #gab is a s9ew /one1 or an oval /one mu* creas$ & worn1 n by friction caus$ by arr[-%afts1 b because s9ews or cords h be5 drawn back & =? aga9/ ! edge ( x4 ,!re is ano!r s+ul> groov$ /one 9 ! ,/ate ,museum ( ,i[a4 ,! curator calls x a /one 8corn-%ell]10 & if "o w draw an e> ( corn back & =? ov] ! surface ( ?is /one1 "o is surpris$ at ! ease ) :i* ! k]nels are remov$4 ,fig4 #gae illu/rates ?ree unkn[n objects f\nd 9 ,pueblo ,bonito4 ,fig4 #gaf is int]e/+ 9 t x may or may n be a natural =mation4 ,x 0 f\nd on ! site ( an old encampm5t & may h be5 consid]$ by ! ,indians a m$ic9e-/one4 ,figs4 #gag1 to & includ+ #gba1 ,i %all ref] to 9 ! ,conclusions ( 8,! ,/one ,age40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gje4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,/one tool-h&le4 ,collection ( ,frank ,o4 ,putnam1 ,campbell1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gjf4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,groov$ s&/one arr[- & ne$le-%>p5]s f\nd ne> ! surface ( a m\nd1 ,nor? ,dakota4 ,collection ( ,h5ry ,montgom]y4 ,i wi% to speak at "s l5g? on ,fig4 #gac4 ,?is specim5 is "o ( ! cup-/ones ab\t :i* !re has be5 s mu* discussion4 ,x is some?+ ov] t5 by sev5 & a half in*es 9 diamet]1 & on ! upp] surface are fifte5 di/9ct cup-%ap$ depressions4 ,x is ( s&/one & ab\t two in*es ?ick4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gjg4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,slate knives4 ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gjh4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,groov$ /one f\nd on ! isl& ( ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d by ,ralph ,d4 ,b>dwell4 ,collection ( ,rob]t ,d4 ,b>dwell1 ,pittsfield1 ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gji4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,groov$ /ones f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,phillips ,academy collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gaj4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,slate knives4 ,peabody ,museum collection1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,a great deal has be5 writt5 ab\t cup-/ones1 z ref]5ce to ! ,bibliography w atte/4 ,! pitt$ hamm]-/one1 ! cup-/one1 & ! crude discoidal are m or less relat$4 ,cup-/ones !mselves h nev] be5 satisfactorily expla9$1 & x is my op9ion t su* ones z are %[n 9 ,fig4 #gac mean m ?an t !y 7 ord9>y depressions 9 :i* nuts 7 crack$4 ,h[ev]1 "o mu/ d ju/ice to ^? :o believe t !y 7 us$ = t purpose4 ,!re is a sugge/ion along ! l9es ( t !ory :i* ,i w\ld wi% to make4 ,! ,indians us$ l>ge quantities ( hickory-nuts1 walnuts1 & butt]nuts4 ,! e>ly hi/orians tell u t !y ?rew ^! into kettles ( hot wat]2 ! oil ris+ to ! top1 !y skimm$ x (f = future use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gaa4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,slate knife 9 h&le4 ,b4 ,w4 ,arnold's collection1 ,albany1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gab4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,s9ew /one f\nd ne> ,new ,b]l91 ,new ,york1 on ! surface4 ,collection ( ,h5ry ,w4 ,bagg1 ,new ,b]l91 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gac4 7,s4 #a-c47 ,cup-/one f ! ,mohawk ,valley1 we/]n ,new ,york4 ,phillips ,academy collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gad4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,/one corn-%ell]7872 made ( gray qu>tzite4 ,! plane surface is eight by fifte5 in*es4 ,%[s fractures on ne>ly all sides1 z ?\gh x _h be5 mu* l>g]4 ,! corrugations h a %>p1 cutt+-l edge4 ,f\nd 9 a creek 9 ,kansas4 ,collection ( ! ,hi/orical ,dep>tm5t ( ,i[a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gae4 7,s4 #a-f47 ,a /one1 ) squ>e hole 7= unkn[n purpose71 a s&al la/1 & a /one sword f ! ,*aco ,gr\p4 ,phillips ,academy collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gaf4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,cup-/one4 ,collection ( ,logan ,museum1 ,beloit1 ,wiscons94 ,on su* a /one z is illu/rat$ fifte5 nuts c\ld be plac$ at "o "t & cru%$ by a s+le bl[ ( a heavy1 flat slab4 ,if !y us$ cup-/ones = ?is purpose1 !y w\ld naturally employ /ones 9 :i* !re 7 _m cups r ?an ! av]age /ones conta9+ "o or two cups4 ,if s us$1 ! "w proce$$ rapidly2 "o p]son cru%+ & two o!rs plac+ ! nuts 9 position4 ,z ! /one weighs no m ?an six or sev5 p\nds1 x c\ld be quickly rais$ & ! cont5ts dump$ into a receptacle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gag4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,skull f a ,florida %ell heap4 7,see page #cea47 ,peabody ,museum collection1 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gah4 7,s4 #a-a47 ,groov$ /one axe f ,all+ton1 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,collection ( ! ,milwaukee ,public ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gai4 7,s4 #a-e47 ,a gr\p ( bird-/ones1 boat-%ap$ objects & o!r problematical =ms4 ,j4 ,t4 ,re$]'s collection1 ,h\ghton1 ,mi*igan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gbj4 7,s4 #b-c47 ,problematical =ms f ne> ,burl+ton1 ,v]mont4 ,collection ( ,g4 ,h4 ,p]k9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gbj ,a4 7,s4 #a-d47 ,a gr\p ( m\nd pipes4 ,l4 ,w4 ,hills collection1 ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 ,b :ile ?is may be true1 x has always seem$ to me t ! pitt$ /ones may be made use ( 9 "s way z controll+ or regulat+ ! app>atus us$ 9 drill+4 ,:ile all ! details ( su* an explanation 7 nev] cle>1 yet x seem$ m plausible ?an ! /atem5t t ! /one 0 us$ z a common nut-crack]4 ,!re is ano!r obs]vation to be made :i*1 x seems to me2 militates aga9/ ! !ory t x 0 necess>y to "w out circul> depressions 9 ord] to make a nut-crack]4 ,if "o w select a flat1 smoo? slab & place a doz5 walnuts ^u x1 & /rike ) ano!r flat slab ev5ly ^u ^! nuts1 "o f9ds t !y are cru%$ q z completely z if plac$ 9 ! cup-/ones prop]4 ,! ,indians wi%$ ! oil r ?an ! k]nels2 & pref]r$ ! nuts completely cru%$4 ,& = all practical purposes 9 nut-crack+1 two flat surfaces are fully z good z a surface :i* has be5 cupp$4 ,aga91 /ones hav+ deep pits on _! surfaces prev5t ! cru%+ ( m ?an half ( ea* nut4 ,if "o /udies ! cup-/ones c>efully1 "o w obs]ve t "s ( ! pitt$ /ones are v smoo?1 o!rs may be r\gh4 ,9 ! exact c5tre ( ! pits is a small depression4 ,9 "s in/ances ?is depression appe>s z if x 0 ! result ( a revolv+ object2 9 o!r words1 a drill4 ,i _c believe t ! crack+ ( nuts 9 ^! depressions w\ld produce ! effect j describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gba4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,front & side view ( an effigy 9 /one4 ,collection ( ,edw>d ,beatty1 ,santa ,rosa1 ,cali=nia4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv ,,! ,,/one ,,age ,,9 ,,ea/]n ,,canada1 ,,utah1 ,,& ,,dakota 7,writt5 = 8,! ,/one ,age0 by ,h5ry ,montgom]y1 ,ph4,d41 ,univ]sity ( ,toronto7 ,,ea/]n ,,canada ,= ! mo/ "p ?r\gh\t ,ont>io1 ,quebec1 & ! m ea/]n prov9ces ( ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada1 ! anci5t /one & bone & o!r objects ( h&iwork ( ! aborig9es are simil> or ne>ly simil> to ^? f\nd 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates ( ! ,union4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s exceptions m or less m>k$4 ,! hi/ory ( ! sev5te5? c5tury tells "s int]e/+ ?+s ab\t ! aborig9al peoples ( ?is "p ( ,canada4 ,to "s ext5t ! location & movem5ts ( ! ,algonqu9s1 ,hurons1 & ,iroquois 78,five ,nations07 h become kn[n4 ,b ! k ( ^! & ( _! pr$ecessors 9 t region is f> too limit$4 ,mu* rema9s to be le>n$ ab\t ! occupation ( ! c\ntry dur+ ! prec$+ c5turies4 ,ar*ological "w appe>s to h reveal$ sev]al occupations1 & ! implem5ts1 ut5sils1 & ornam5ts ( diff]5t tribes h probably be5 mix$4 ,h5ce1 x is (t5 difficult to di/+ui% !m ) c]ta9ty4 ,"s ( ^! objects ( manufacture h be5 f\nd uncov]$ ^u ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 or p>tially cov]$ by ! soil2 o!rs h be5 dug or pl\gh$ out by ! f>m] & road-mak] 9 _! op]ations2 & o!r artifacts z well z human skeletons h be5 tak5 f pits or excavations six to eight feet 9 dep?4 ,9 only a few localities ( ea/]n ,canada h m\nds be5 discov]$ conta9+ specim5s ( ! "w ( anci5t or prehi/oric man4 ,!re h be5 f\nd1 h[ev]1 num]\s aborig9al village-sites ) _m bits ( pott]y1 ca*es ( *>r$ corn1 & v>i\s sorts ( kit*5 refuse & primitive dome/ic tools & ornam5ts4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal k9ds ( anci5t artifacts f\nd 9 ?is "p ( ! ,dom9ion3-- ,bone articles1 su* z ne$les1 awls1 knives1 scrap]s1 & h>poons4 ,%ell objects1 mo/ly made f m>9e %ells :i* _h be5 obta9$ 9 tropical or sub-tropical seas4 ,rude *]t1 qu>tzite1 & fl9t objects1 "s ( :i* are ovate-leaf-%ap$1 mu* l ! =m ( c]ta9 paloli?s ( ,dordogne1 ,france4 ,drills or bor]s made ( *]t & qu>tzite4 ,arr[-heads ( *]t1 qu>tzite1 & fl9t1 b>b$ & unb>b$1 & ( v>i\s =ms4 ,spe>s ( slate1 (t5 hav+ ! tang lat]ally s]rat$4 ,/one knives & scrap]s1 rude or well-f9i%$2 g5]ally made ( lime/one or ( *]t4 ,! *]t us$ 9 ! manufacture ( scrap]s1 drills1 & arr[-heads 0 d\btless procur$ f ! ,devonian rocks 9 s\?we/]n ,ont>io1 :]e x occurs 9 abundance ne> ,lakes ,erie & ,huron4 ,/one axes & adzes1 (t5 call$ 8celts40 ,^! are usually made ( amphibole & hornbl5de1 relat$ m9]als1 "o a light-gre5 & ! latt] d>k-gre5 9 color1 & bo? be+ h>d1 t5aci\s1 & durable4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 celts ( gneissoid mat]ial are f\nd4 ,9 ne>ly all cases ^! w$ge-%ap$ axes or celts h good =m & are highly poli%$4 ,no d\bt !y 7 sometimes us$ z spades or digg+-tools4 ,well-made g\ges1 ( ! same m9]als z ^? 9 ! 8celts10 also occur 9 _m localities4 ,pipes ( s&/one1 lime/one1 & qu>tzite4 ,usually ^! exhibit good workman%ip4 ,examples f ,ont>io are n want+ 9 :i* ! b[l alone consi/s ( /one1 ea* hav+ a horizontal op5+ = ! ins]tion ( a bone or wood5 /em4 ,"s h a p]=ation at ! bottom bor$ diagonally1 probably = ! susp5sion ( an ornam5t4 ,occasionally "o is f\nd hav+ /em & b[l 9 "o piece1 & ^! are *iefly made f a comp>atively h>d v>iety ( /eatite or soap/one4 ,su* are m frequ5tly f\nd nor?w>ds t[>d ,hudson ,bay1 & !y may p]haps be ref]r$ to ! ,eskimo1 z /eatite is us$ by ?is p 9 ! manufacture ( pipes z well z ( cul9>y ut5sils4 ,a pipe made f ,mexican or ,utah onyx1 & hav+ a human face-mask c>v$ ^u x1 has be5 f\nd 9 s\?we/]n ,ont>io4 ,gorgets4 ,^! are ( _m k9ds z to _! =m & also ! /one f :i* !y are made4 ,circul>1 oval1 cyl9drical1 tubul>1 & elongate flatt5$ =ms occur4 ,! la/-nam$ are (t5 ne>ly rectangul>1 flat1 poli%$ pieces ( /one1 p]=at$ by "o1 two1 or ?ree holes4 ,^! are sometimes kn[n z bann]-/ones4 ,! small] ones may h be5 us$ z ornam5ts 9 ! head-dress1 a cord ( ! hair ( ! head be+ fa/5$ ?r\gh "o ( ! p]=ations1 & fea!rs ins]t$ 9 ! o!rs4 ,! bann]-/one ) a s+le c5tral p]=ation is some:at r>e1 ^? ) two or ?ree p]=ations be+ m num]\s4 ,bann]-/ones ( r$di% hematitic slate h rec5tly be5 f\nd "h2 b /rip$ ,huronian slate f ! rocks ( nor!rn ,ont>io is ! usual mat]ial f :i* !y h be5 fa%ion$4 ,amulets1 *>ms1 or c]emonial /ones4 ,^! are bird-l or animal-l 9 %ape1 or r !y h ! =m ( "s imag9>y animal p>tly avian & p>tly mammalian4 ,!re are holes bor$ diagonally ?r\gh portions ( ! l[] side1 app>5tly = susp5sion ( ^! /ones by /r+s4 ,amulets are usually ?ree or f\r in*es long4 ,mo/ ( !m are regul>ly =m$ & beautifully poli%$4 ,! mat]ial is ,huronian slate4 ,b "o rec5tly obta9$ by ! writ] is ( lime/one1 & has a l5g? ( n9ete5 in*es1 a height ( six in*es1 & a ?ickness ( five in*es4 ,! holes are l>ge & ext5d f side to side 9 ! upp] "p ( :at repres5ts ! neck & back ( ! bird4 ,copp] artifacts are n uncommon 9 ,ont>io & "s o!r ea/]n localities1 al?\gh !y are n at all pl5tiful4 ,! mat]ial is native copp] f ,mi*igan 9 ! vic9ity ( ,lake ,sup]ior4 ,occasionally native silv] occurs 9 spots ?r\gh\t ! article4 ,well-=m$ celts or axes1 & spe>s are f\nd4 ,knives & beads also occur4 ,! copp] celt (t5 has a flat side & a slop+ rais$ side1 ! latt] consi/+ ( two flat faces slop+ lat]ally f a c5tral longitud9al elevation4 ,bo? sides ( ! spe> slope t[>d ! edge 9 a simil> mann]2 !re is a tang = ins]tion into a wood5 or o!r h&le1 & !re are usually two lat]al projections at ! base ( ! blade4 ,! beads are ( two k9ds1 namely1 small1 circul> beads rudely fa%ion$1 yet 9 %ape some:at l ! ord9>y mod]n beads ( :ite p2 & ! long1 ?9 leaf ( copp] loosely roll$1 to con/itute a small tube ?r\gh :i* ! /r+ _h to pass4 ,pott]y or e>!nw>e objects4 ,! pott]y ( ?is region is greatly brok54 ,x consi/s pr9cipally ( %]ds or fragm5ts ( vessels ( diff]5t sizes & designs4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a few p]fect vessels ( pott]y1 & !re are _m unbrok5 pott]y tobacco-pipes "h4 ,! =ms ( ! pipes & _! decorative designs are num]\s4 ,"s ( ^! are %[n 9 ,fig4 #dcd1 ,toronto ,univ]sity collection4 ,) reg>d to ! date ( ! a=esaid objects ( man's h&iwork1 x may "h be /at$ t none ( !m are v rec5t1 & t only ! simpl] =ms1 su* z "s ( ! arr[-heads1 scrap]s1 & skew]s1 7 made )9 ! la/ f\r or five hundr$ ye>s4 ,!re c be little d\bt t mo/ ( !m 7 made _m c5turies ago2 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 _m ( !m may h be5 us$ 9 m rec5t times by ! aborig9al successors ( _! manufactur]s4 ,,! ,,pla9s ,,( ,,we/]n ,,& ,,c5tral ,,canada ,9 ! region ( ! great pla9s betwe5 ,lake ,sup]ior & ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s ! prehi/oric artifacts diff] greatly f ^? ( ea/]n ,canada4 ,"h are _m e>?works ( ! anci5t m\nd-build]s1 "s ( :i* h yield$ *>act]i/ic m\nd products1 diff]+ consid]ably f ! /one-age relics ( ! ,ea/2 & 9 ?is region also are f\nd l>ge numb]s ( groov$ hamm]s & mauls r>ely f\nd 9 ,ont>io & ,quebec4 ,9 ,ont>io ! /one 8celt0 or w$ge is v common2 b 9 ,manitoba1 ) ! exception ( ! extreme ea/]n "p ( ! prov9ce1 ! celt is practically abs5t4 ,) its decl9e & disappe>ance f>!r we/1 & especially t[>ds ! bord]s ( ,saskat*ewan1 ! groov$ hamm]s appe> 9 great numb]s1 & 9 a great v>iety ( =ms & sizes4 ,/one discs & groov$ axes likewise occur on ! pla9s4 ,ano!r /one tool abs5t f ,manitoba is ! amphibole g\ge1 ( :i* well-=m$1 beautiful specim5s occur 9 ,ont>io & f>!r ea/4 ,/one hamm]s & mauls4 ,! hamm]s & mauls are long & %ort1 broad or ?ick1 & n>r[1 ne>ly uni=m 9 ?ickness1 or else tap]+ m or less t[>d "o end4 ,mo/ ( !m are betwe5 f\r & six in*es 9 l5g?1 b "s h be5 f\nd almo/ a foot 9 l5g? & six in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,^! latt] are1 ( c\rse1 v heavy1 & mu/ h be5 us$ 9 p\nd+ or splitt+ h>d or t\gh1 heavy sub/ances4 ,! correct "n = su* is beetle1 maul1 or mallet4 ,"o specim5 ( a groov$ hamm] f\nd 9 ! region is made f a true hematite nodule & is only ?ree f\r?s ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,"s mauls & hamm]s h a complete cont9u\s groove ne> ! middle ( ! /one2 b 9 mo/ cases !re is half an in* or m ungroov$1 ! furr[ ceas+ at ! po9t f :i* ! h&le ( ! implem5t is direct$4 ,! usual rocks employ$ 9 _! manufacture are gneiss & granite2 b lime/one & amphibole sometimes occur4 ,ungroov$ mauls & hamm]s h be5 f\nd1 & occasionally "o almo/ sph]ical 9 %ape4 ,no flut$ specim5s h be5 report$4 ,/one discs4 ,circul> /one plates or discs are n ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ?is region2 yet q a numb] h be5 f\nd4 ,l ! beetles & hamm]s1 !y are g5]ally turn$ up by ! f>m]'s pl\gh 9 ! cultivation ( 8 f>m4 ,^! discs are made ( f9e-gra9$ s&/one & gneissoid rocks1 & a few h be5 f\nd be>+ c>v+s ^u !m4 ,9 a measure ^! ,manitoba discs rem9d "o ( ! int]e/+ /one discs & plates ( ,alabama describ$ by ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore1 b !y are usually ( a simpl] type ?an ^? ( ! ,s\?4 ,/one spade or %ovel4 ,9 a m\nd 9 #aijg ! writ] f\nd a /one implem5t :i* /rongly resembles ! mod]n %ovel 9 =m & size4 ,/one axes4 ,only a few axes are kn[n "h1 & !y h prom95t ridges b\nd+ ! c5tral encircl+ groove4 ,arr[-heads ( qu>tzite & fl9t are tol]ably num]\s4 ,v few examples h be5 tak5 f ! e>?works1 ne>ly all hav+ be5 discov]$ by digg+ or pl\gh+ ! soil4 ,mo/ ( ! latt] are rudely f9i%$1 :ile ^? discov]$ 9 ! old] m\nds usually exhibit sup]ior workman%ip4 ,"o specim5 ( blade or unb>b$ arr[-head 9 ! possession ( ! writ] has a well-m>k$ pat9a ov] its entire surface4 ,x is ab\t ?ree in*es 9 l5g?1 & an in* & ?ree qu>t]s wide at its base4 ,its mat]ial is transluc5t fl9t or agate4 ,! pat9ation ( ?is fl9t artifact mu/ h requir$ a long p]iod ( "t1 p]haps "o ?\s& ye>s or m4 ,x 0 pl\gh$ out ( ! prairie at a dep? ( five or six in*es4 ,a few fl9t scrap]s h be5 collect$4 ,pipes ( /one4 ,^! are /raight tubul> b[ls made ( catl9ite or r$ 8pipe/one0 f ,m9nesota1 beautifully =m$ & poli%$4 ,!y h be5 f\nd only 9 ! burial-m\nds1 & !y d n at all resemble ! mod]n ,indian pipes4 ,objects made f bone4 ,^! are n num]\s 9 ?is di/rict4 ,!y consi/ *iefly ( bone skew]s & awls1 :i/les made f ! ulna ( ! w+ ( ! eagle or o!r l>ge bird ( flight 7see ,fig4 #ebh71 bone armlets & beads4 ,! armlets h holes by :i* !y 7 evid5tly lac$ or fa/5$ ^u ! arms1 & !y are usually decorat$ by grooves & not*es4 ,!y are made f broad1 flat bones1 g5]ally ! scapul ( ! l>g] animals4 ,a bone blade or knife is sometimes f\nd4 ,a comb-l hide-dress+ bone tool1 an arr[-nock1 & primitive bone beads h be5 rec5tly tak5 f m\nds by ! writ]4 ,only a v few simple ornam5ts ( de] antl] h be5 f\nd4 ,%ell objects4 ,!re is a v>iety ( articles "h made f sea-%ells & riv]-%ells4 ,a l>ge spoon is made f "o ( ! valves ( ! %ell ( ! fre%-wat] mollusc ,unio4 ,b ! majority are ornam5ts1 & are made out ( univalve %ells f ! ocean4 ,oblong1 flat p5dants1 l>ge circul> r+s1 oval1 circul>1 & tubul> beads ( %ell occur4 ,objects ( copp] consi/ *iefly ( ?9 %eets ( native copp] roll$ 9 su* a way z to =m tubul> beads4 ,sometimes l>g] pieces ( rude %eets ( copp] h be5 f\nd4 ,?is copp] mu/ h be5 br\ght f "s locality ne> ,lake ,sup]ior1 :]e copp]-m9+ 0 c>ri$ on 9 prehi/oric times4 ,pott]y or e>!nw>e objects4 ,num]\s fragm5ts ( pott]y b[ls1 di%es1 cups1 & o!r vessels occur 9 "s localities1 usually 9 fields :]e ! sod has be5 pl\gh$ = ! fir/ "t1 & :]e ! location is conv5i5t to a /ream or lake4 ,occasionally pott]y %]ds h be5 f\nd at great] dep?s1 ev5 to two or ?ree feet4 ,9 su* cases !y 7 evid5tly cov]$ by olay & s&s deposit$ f ! ov]fl[ ( ! wat]s 9 "s =m] p]iod ( "t1 no d\bt _m c5turies ago4 ,9 "s ( ! mo/ anci5t burial-m\nds a few p]fect vessels ( pott]y h be5 discov]$4 ,^! are small urns ) fl>+ rims & m or less decoration1 ! pr9cipal "p ( :i* consi/s 9 mo/ in/ances ( a cont9u\s1 deep groove runn+ spirally ar\nd ! entire body ( ! vessel4 ,only "o example ( a pipe made ( pott]y has yet be5 report$ f ?is region4 ,?is is a l>ge pipe1 hav+ b[l & /em 9 "o piece1 f\nd by ! writ] 9 a burial-m\nd 9 #aijh4 ,bo? ! /em & b[l are decorat$ ) grooves4 ,! urns "h ref]r$ to & ! /raight tubul> /one pipes previ\sly m5tion$ are precisely simil> to mo/ ( ^? f\nd by ! writ] 9 num]\s m\nds 9 ,dakota "s ye>s ago4 ,! %ell articles1 p5dants1 r+s1 & beads also af=d /rong evid5ce 9 support ( ! view t !y :o re>$ mo/1 if n all1 ( ! m\nds ( ,manitoba & ,nor? ,dakota 7 "o & ! same p4 ,,! ,,/one ,,age ,,9 ,,utah ,! rema9s ( prehi/oric & anci5t p hi!rto discov]$ 9 ,utah consi/ pr9cipally ( ! ru9s ( v>i\s h\ses 9 ! cliffs & valleys1 & ! cont5ts !re(4 ,besides ^! !re are anci5t irrigation dit*es ( "s size & importance 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,utah4 ,!re are also petroglyphs or rock c>v+s ( v>i\s k9ds ^u ! v]tical faces ( _m ( ! rock cliffs2 & :at appe> to be tracks or pr9ts ( ! human foot 9 volcanic rock h be5 f\nd 9 "o or two places4 ,:ile ! h\ses ^: ru9s occur 9 ! broad valleys ( ,utah v>y 9 size & 9 ! numb] ( rooms1 & also 9 ! /ructure ( _! floors & ! int]ior f9i% ( _! walls1 !y may all be reg>d$ z belong+ to ! same class ( mud or adobe /ructures4 ,! cliff-h\ses1 h[ev]1 diff] 9 s f> z "s are /one build+s1 o!rs mo/ly adobe1 & o!rs small caves j l>ge en\gh = occupation z dwell+s or = use z /orage-b9s4 ,! m important artifacts obta9$ f ! ru9s ( ,utah are "h enum]at$ & describ$3-- ,objects made ( ,wood ,wood5 pail or bucket1 f a cave 7see ,fig4 #fcb74 ,?is is =m$ by digg+ out a piece ( ! trunk ( a tree4 ,flails ( sev]al %apes are f\nd4 ,^! are f ?ree to f\r feet long1 & h "o end wide & flat = a l5g? ( fifte5 to eighte5 in*es4 ,!y 7 us$ = beat+ ! yucca plant & c$> b>k 9 mak+ y>n or ?read4 ,d\btless "s ( ^! wood5 articles may h be5 us$ also = digg+ 9 ! e>?4 ,two atlatls f ?is region h be5 describ$1 "o by ,pr(essor ,otis ,t4 ,mason 9 #ahib1 & ! second by ! pres5t writ] 9 #ahid4 7,see ,! ,ar*ologi/ = ,novemb]1 #ahid1 8,prehi/oric ,man 9 ,utah10 by ,h5ry ,montgom]y47 ,! latt] atlatl or ?r[+-/ick _h two loops ( ra:ide & a %all[ groove ^u x4 ,!re _h be5 a piece brok5 (f ! upp] "p4 ,wood5 pipes 7 discov]$ 9 #ahid1 along ) mummies & relics1 9 cave-h\se ru9s 9 ea/]n ,utah4 ,^! are ne>ly ovoid 9 %ape2 ! passage is n curv$ or b5t2 & !y h %ort bone /ems cem5t$ 9 position = use4 ,textiles ,knitt$ & plait$ articles occur4 ,corn-sacks made ( ! fibre ( ! b>k ( ! c$> tree h be5 obta9$ by me 9 ! caves ( "s ( ! canyon ,cliff-,dwell]s4 ,baskets1 mats1 & s&als1 *iefly ( yucca fibre1 h be5 f\nd ) ! bodies ( half a doz5 mummies & else:]e 9 caves 9 ea/]n ,utah4 ,^! %[ arti/ic skill 9 _! manufacture4 ,9 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 & ,m>*1 #ahid1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,b4 ,lang made an important collection 9 ?ree caves ( ,san ,juan ,c\nty1 ,utah1 :i* he ask$ ! writ] to exam9e at t "t & to make report !reon to ! sci5tific & o!r j\rnals4 ,) t end 9 view ,i made an exam9ation & _h a numb] ( photographs ( ! collection made4 ,only a few ( ^! 7 us$ 9 publication4 ,"s ( ! rema9+ unpubli%$ photographs are h]e9 reproduc$ = ! edification ( our read]s4 7,see ,fig4 #fca1 pair ( legg+s1 & ,fig4 #fcd1 bir* b>k47 ,mr4 ,george ,h4 ,pepp] describ$ a numb] ( simil> articles f o!r localities 9 ,utah1 & ref]r$ !m to a di/9ct race or tribe to :i* he gave ! "n 8basket-mak]s40 ,z sacks & mats ( mu* ! same "* h be5 f\nd by ! writ] 9 o!r caves along ) ! ord9>y ,cliff-,dwell]'s artifacts & skeletons1 ! propriety ( sep>at+ ^! p f ! ,cliff-,dwell]s prop] seems1 = ! pres5t at lea/1 some:at d\btful4 ,fea!r ,objects ,robes & mantles or %awls made ( ! fea!rs ( wild turkeys 7 also tak5 f cave-h\se ru9s 9 ea/]n ,utah4 ,sev]al mummies 7 f\nd clo!d ) su* fea!r robes1 & "s we>+ s&als ( yucca fibre1 & o!rs hav+ de]sk9 cov]+s ^u _! feet4 ,bone ,objects ,pipe-/ems1 pieces ( holl[ bone ( suitable l5g?1 cut f ! holl[ w+-bones ( birds4 ,skew]s & awls ( bone are num]\s4 ,circul> & oblong pieces ( bone4 ,no d\bt "s ( ^! 7 us$ 9 play+ games4 ,beads ( bone ( v>i\s sizes4 ,objects made f ,tee? ,beads made out ( tee?1 probably ( ! m\nta9 lion1 an animal :i* is pres5t 9 consid]able numb]s 9 ! ,wahsat* & ,u9tah ,m\nta9s4 ,%ell ,objects ,beads made out ( %ells f ! ocean4 ,/one ,objects ,metates & rubb+-/ones1 = gr9d+ maize4 ,^! corn-gr9d+ mills are (t5 q l>ge1 & sometimes weigh z mu* z a hundr$ p\nds4 ,9 ! ye> #ahib ! writ] f\nd a heavy metate 9 a cliff-h\se 9 a place "o ?\s& feet above ! /ream 9 ! bottom ( ! canyon1 & 9 a spot v difficult ( access4 ,arr[-heads ( obsidian1 *alc$ony1 & qu>tz4 ,!y are mo/ly small1 b>b$1 & well-=m$4 ,_m ( !m are transluc5t1 & "s are transp>5t4 ,bo? obsidian & *alc$ony occur 9 nature 9 s\!rn ,utah4 ,"o /raight pipe-b[l ( catl9ite 0 f\nd 9 a cave-h\se 9 ,san ,juan ,c\nty4 ,?is may p]haps indicate int]c\rse ) ! tribes ( ,dakota or ,m9nesota4 ,a ne>ly pe>-%ap$ pipe-b[l ( beautifully poli%$ onyx 0 f\nd ) mummifi$ human bodies & wood5 flails & fibre mats 9 a cave 9 ea/]n ,utah 7see ,fig4 #dcf74 ,x _h a /em ( bone 9 position1 fa/5$ 9 place by "s sort ( black cem5t or firepro( sub/ance1 :i* also l9$ ! inside ( ! pipe-b[l4 ,/one mauls & hamm]s are to be m5tion$ z occurr+ 9 ,utah4 ,!y are g5]ally provid$ ) a groove 9 :i* ! pliant1 t\gh1 wood5 h&le is fa/5$4 ,groov$ /one axes likewise occur4 ,oblong & o!r-%ap$ p5dants & ornam5ts ( turquoise & gre5 v>iscite h be5 f\nd 9 ! valley h\ses4 ,pott]y ,objects ,pipe-b[ls ( sev]al k9ds1 /raight & curv$4 ,"s well-=m$ pott]y pipes 7 f\nd by ! writ] 9 #ahij 9 valley-h\se ru9s4 ,balls an in* or two 9 diamet] made ( p>tially bak$ clay4 ,probably us$ = games ( "s sort4 ,vessels 9 ! =m ( b[ls & jugs4 ,! b[ls are ( regul> =m1 well glaz$ & ta/efully decorat$ ) pa9t$ designs1 mo/ly on ! inside4 ,! j>s h "o or two h&les1 & are ( _m sizes1 "s be+ v l>ge4 ,occasionally ! j>s are highly embelli%$ ext]nally by pa9t$ designs ( v>i\s & int]e/+ k9ds4 ,simil> b[ls1 j>s1 & pipes ( pott]y are f\nd 9 bo? ! valley- & ! cliff-h\se ru9s4 ,t ! p :o built & inhabit$ ! cave- & cliff-h\ses & ! valley h\ses 7 "o & ! same race ( p c h>dly be d\bt$4 ,?is 0 po9t$ out by ! writ] 9 #ahid4 ,! /one corn-mills1 ! pipes1 ! arr[-po9ts1 ! b[ls & j>s ( pott]y1 are simil>4 ,! h\se /ructures 71 ( c\rse1 slightly diff]5t1 ow+ to ! diff]5ce 9 _! environm5t4 ,b bo? peoples 7 agriculturi/s1 bo? built small rooms or h\ses = /or+ corn1 g\rds1 wat]1 & implem5ts1 bo? _h arr[s = def5se & ! *ase1 & bo? manufactur$ sup]ior pott]y simil> 9 ! quality ( ! mat]ial & also 9 decoration4 ,,! ,,/one ,,age ,,9 ,,dakota ,! =m] ,t]ritory ( ,dakota includ$ t portion ( ! c\ntry n[ =m+ ! ,/ates ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,dakota4 ,! anci5t specim5s ( h&iwork 9 ! ,dakota ,t]ritory ( ! e>ly 8eighties0 compris$ surface 8f9ds10 :i* 7 mo/ly /one mauls1 hamm]s1 & axes1 rude bone & pott]y articles ( old village-sites1 & also v>i\s k9ds ( m\nd products4 ,! pr9cipal artifacts are "h enum]at$3-- ,hide & ,b>k ,lea!r or tann$ hide1 f\nd occasionally 9 m\nd burial-pits4 ,al?\gh evid5tly v old1 x appe>s to h be5 c>efully tann$1 & to h be5 "p ( ! hide ( a buffalo4 ,baskets made f ! b>k ( ! bir* tree4 ,^! are small & are ne>ly all ( simil> patt]n4 ,usually ! basket consi/s ( b "o piece ( b>k cut 9 su* a mann] t x c\ld be b5t & fa%ion$ into a neat basket & /it*$ toge!r :]e ! p>ts ov]lapp$4 ,sometimes two & ev5 ?ree r[s ( holes are pres5t1 %[+ great regul>ity1 & t a small ne$le & ?read mu/ h be5 us$ 9 ! "w4 ,objects made f ,de] ,antl]s ,pe>-%ap$ de] antl] pipe-b[ls1 ?ree & "o half in*es long1 & two & "o f\r? in*es wide at ! top1 h be5 f\nd by ! writ]4 7,see ,fig4 #dbh1 ,f47 ,de] antl]1 p]=at$ ne> "o end4 ,de] antl] tyne1 p]=at$ & not*$4 ,p]haps ?is s]v$ z a message /ick4 ,de] antl] tyne1 peculi>ly cut & furr[$4 ,probably a tool4 7,see ,fig4 #edb47 ,bone ,objects ,bone h>poons = spe>+ or cat*+ l>ge fi%es su* z ! ,great ,lake pike ( ,devils ,lake4 ,bone anklet1 ) ornam5tal c>v+1 & hav+ holes ne> two oppos+ m>g9s = lace-/r+s1 & o!r holes p]haps = ! atta*m5t ( ornam5ts4 ,bone tubes or pipe-/ems1 cut f ! holl[ bones ( birds' w+s4 ,bone awls1 ne$les1 & knife-blades4 ,%ell ,objects ,^! comprise objects made f fre%-wat] %ells z well z ^? made f ocean %ells4 ,among ^! are ! foll[+3-- ,circul> pe>ly ornam5ts l buttons1 ) a c5tral ap]ture & f\r m>g9al not*es at regul> int]vals4 ,l>ge pe>ly %ell r+s ?ick] & wid] on "o side4 7,see ,fig4 #edc1 ,e47 ,usually m ?an tw5ty ( ^! r+s h be5 f\nd toge!r ne> a human skull & 9 su* a position t !re seems no d\bt !y _h =m$ ! pr9cipal "p ( a necklace4 ,oblong pe>ly p5dants1 not*$ ne> "o end = ! cord ( atta*m5t1 & decorat$ ) f\r or five not*es on ! o!r extremity4 7,see ,fig4 #ebh47 ,long beads made f ! columella ( %ells ( ! ocean ga/]opod1 ,fulgur p]v]sa1 ( frequ5t occurr5ce also 9 ! m\nds ( ! ,mississippi ,valley4 7,see ,fig4 #edc1 ,d47 ,small %ell beads made by gr9d+ ! ocean %ells ,n]ita1 ,natica1 & ,m>g9ella on ! %\ld] ( ! spire4 7,see ,fig4 #edc1 ,g47 ,scoop or spoon1 made f a valve ( ! bivalve mollusc ,unio1 ! common fre%-wat] mussel4 ,?is has a v %ort h&le cut on x1 & x is ornam5t$ ) a few not*es on ! m>g94 ,/one ,objects ,%>p5+-/ones4 ,ovoid objects made ( co>se s&/one & hav+ a groove 9 ! c5tre ( "o side4 ,^! 7 = %>p5+ bone awls & ne$les & probably = gr9d+ %ells & o!r articles into ! desir$ %apes4 ,! /one mauls & hamm]s 7 pl5tiful 9 ! s\!rn portions ( ,dakota2 b 7 abs5t f a l>ge "p ( ! ,t]ritory ne> ! =ty-n9? p>allel4 ,mo/ 7 groov$ ne> ! middle1 & !y v>i$ consid]ably 9 size & %ape4 ,!re 7 also "s groov$ /one axes1 "s ( :i* possess a prom95t ridge beside ! furr[ & ^u ! side betwe5 ! furr[ & ! edge end ( ! axe4 ,b>b$ fl9t & agate spe>s4 ,"s are v l>ge4 ,all are transluc5t & exhibit workman%ip ( a high ord]4 ,!y are f\nd 9 ! burial-m\nds1 & are v r>e4 7,see ,fig4 #bad ,a47 ,fl9t & agate arr[-heads4 ,only a v few ( ^! occur4 ,!y are also well made4 ,effigy /ones4 ,two sl5d] /one s]p5ts h be5 report$ f ,s\? ,dakota4 ,"o ( ^! is said to h six curves or convolutions4 ,/one pipes4 7,see ,fig4 #dbh47 ,^! are made ( catl9ite or r$ pipe/one1 & are regul>ly =m$ & beautifully poli%$4 ,!y are all /raight tubes con/itut+ b[ls1 & v>y 9 l5g? f two to t5 in*es4 ,"o tak5 out ( a m\nd by ! writ] 0 t5 & "o qu>t] in*es long 7tw5ty-six cm474 ,! /em 0 at lea/ 9 "s cases made f ! holl[ uln> bone ( ! w+ ( a l>ge bird2 = bone /ems ( ?is "* 7 f\nd ) sev]al ( ! pipes4 ,holl[ pieces ( wood may p]haps also h be5 us$ z pipe-/ems4 ,?is /raight tubul> pipe is v *>act]i/ic ( ! m\nds ( ,nor? ,dakota1 ,manitoba1 & ,saskat*ewan1 v few ( o!r k9ds hav+ z yet be5 report$ f ?is prairie region4 ,/one tablets4 ,flat pieces ( /one are sometimes f\nd2 b !y are v r>e4 ,"o ( ^! f\nd by ,montgom]y 9 #ahhi is made f pipe/one or catl9ite & has ! figure ( an animal c>v$ ^u ea* side4 7,see ,fig4 #caj47 ,"o ( ! c>v+s is probably meant to repres5t a beav]1 & ! figure ^u ! o!r side ( ! tablet is a repres5tation ( a buffalo c[ ) op5 m\?1 & ! figure ( a /one spe>-head ) %aft atta*$1 po9t+ to ! he>t4 ,x w\ld seem to indicate t ! buffalo _h be5 %ot 9 ! he>t by ! spe> or l>ge arr[1 & 9 consequ5ce ! m\? is repres5t$ z be+ wide op54 ,"s1 h[ev]1 int]pret ! position ( ! spe> & %aft to mean ! 8l9e ( life10 :i* may possibly be ! correct int]pretation4 ,ano!r tablet f\nd by ,montgom]y 9 a burial-m\nd has ! figure ( a beav] c>v$ ^u ea* side1 "o repres5t+ ! upp] surface ( ! animal1 & ! o!r be+ a side view4 ,objects ( ,copp] ,! articles made ( copp] are few 9 k9d & numb]4 ,!y are *iefly simple cyl9drical tubul> beads & rudely =m$ spe>-heads ( native copp]4 ,objects ( ,pott]y ,! writ] has f\nd a numb] ( vessels ( pott]y 9 ! burial-m\nds ( nor!rn ,dakota4 ,all ( !m are small urn-%ap$ vessels ( coil$ w>e1 & almo/ all ( !m 7 f\nd 9 a p]fect condition4 ,9 mo/ cases _! decoration is a cont9u\s spiral groove ar\nd ! body ( ! urn1 t]m9at+ ne> ! c5tre ( ! bottom ( ! vessel4 ,9 a few in/ances ! decorative design is diff]5t2 & "s are provid$ ) f\r holes 9 ! rim = susp5sion by cords4 ,on ! ,m&an village-sites & 9 ! m s\!rn p>ts ( ,dakota _m fragm5ts ( pott]y j>s & vessels are f\nd4 ,^! h v>i\s incis$ decorative designs1 & 9 "s cases e>s or small h&les are pres5t4 ,mu* ( ?is pott]y closely resembles ! pott]y ( ! ea/]n "p ( ! cont95t4 ,objects ( ,unbak$ ,clay ,!re h be5 tobacco-pipes ( unbak$ clay f\nd by ! writ] 9 ! burial-m\nds ( ?is region4 ,"o =m ( ^! consi/s simply ( a b[l ) a /raight tubul> passage4 7,see ,fig4 #dbi47 ,x is ne>ly ( ! same design z t ( ! catl9ite pipe4 ,a second k9d 7see ,fig4 #dbi7 has /em & b[l 9 "o piece & is b5t or curv$ s t ! /em is at "r angles ) ! b[l z 9 mod]n pipes4 ,^! pipes1 l "s ( ! catl9ite pipes tak5 f ! anci5t m\nds1 %[$ evid5ce ( mu* usage1 !re be+ a consid]able incru/ation or deposit )9 ! b[l f ! burn+ ( k9ni-k9nic ( "s k9d4 ,:ile "s ( ! artifacts h]e9 enum]at$ & describ$ 7 und\bt$ly made by ,si\x & ,m&an ,indians1 x appe>s q c]ta9 t ! products ( ! m\nd burial-pits1 t is1 ! spirally groov$ urns1 ! tubul> pipes1 antl] tynes1 & sea-%ell ornam5ts1 belong$ to "s o!r anci5t tribe1 possibly to ! anci5t ,arik>as1 or to a yet e>li] tribe4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi ,,conclusions ,naturally1 ! ,conclusions to 8,! ,/one ,age0 are some:at long1 & :ile ,i h embodi$ !m all "u two *apt]s1 yet !y h be5 gr\p$ "u subdivisions1 z w be obs]v$ by read]s4 ,,! ,,population ,,9 ,,prehi/oric ,,times ,we %\ld fir/ consid] a subject :i* has be5 giv51 x w\ld seem1 scant att5tion4 ,i ref] to ! fact t g5]ally ?r\gh\t ! ,am]ican cont95t are unmi/akable evid5ces ( a consid]able population 9 anci5t times4 ,at pres5t !re are ab\t ?ree hundr$ & sixty ?\s& ,indians 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,p]haps m ?an half ( ^! %[ ! effects ( m>riage ) :ites or negroes4 ,! population ( to-day is no crit]ion ( t 9 anci5t times4 ,9 /udy+ field evid5ce ( population1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! ,indian ( bo? p]iods made use ( p]i%able mat]ials4 ,?is is an ess5tial fact to be not$ dur+ ! c\rse ( our /udies4 ,mu* t bo? ! hi/oric & prehi/oric ,indian made use ( 0 compos$ ( clo?1 iron1 wood1 brass1 lea!r1 etc4 ,x is q true t ! wood1 lea!r1 clo?1 etc41 ( prehi/oric times w\ld disappe>1 b ! /one1 bone1 %ell1 clay1 & copp] objects rema9$4 ,iron ru/s quickly1 & ! use ( iron 0 widespread f ! "t ( ! settlem5t on ! ,new ,engl& coa/ 7#afbj7 d[n to ! pres5t4 ,a great deal ( iron 0 introduc$ by ,de ,soto 9 ,florida1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 ,alabama1 ,arkansas2 & by ,coronado 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,bo? ( ^! exp$itions 7 9 ! ye>s #aedj-aedc1 & on !m hundr$s ( ,spani>ds p5etrat$ into ! int]ior c>ry+ ?\s&s ( objects1 *iefly ( iron4 ,all ( ?is mu/ h _h an effect on ! natives ?r\gh\t a consid]able portion ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,i h else:]e ref]r$ to ! diff]5ce betwe5 hi/oric & mod]n sites1 b ! subject is important & has be51 x seems to me1 pass$ ov] or n appreciat$ by o!rs1 & x is necess>y to emphasize ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! anci5t & ! mod]n aga94 ,! significant fact is t all ( ?is iron has disappe>$ leav+ "h & !re a /reak ( ru/1 & t ^u ! mod]n sites 7 left quantities ( glass beads & o!r objects t are n p]i%able4 ,^! 7 9 use among ! natives1 yet few ( ^! ?+s rema92 ! only exception be+ not$ 9 ! sites ( ! ,iroquois ( we/]n ,new ,york1 :]e ! mod]n artifacts pr$om9ate4 ,9 previ\s articles ,i h call$ att5tion to ! fact t on ! f\r or five ,%awano sites 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ohio1 !re 7 l>ge bodies ( ,indians assembl$ dur+ ! p]iod embrac$ betwe5 7r\ghly7 #agjj & #ahab4 ,^! ,indians help$ to make ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,!y 7 fairly num]\s1 ( unque/ion$ ability1 & produc$ su* m5 z ,tecumseh & 8 bro!r ! ,prophet4 ,_! lead]s1 ,tecumseh & ,corn/alk1 7 engag$ 9 tw5ty-two actions ) our troops2 num]\s trad]s 7 among !m1 & !y s5t _m exp$itions aga9/ ! fronti]s4 ,yet1 if "o walks ov] ^! popul\s sites ( hi/oric times1 "o f9ds practically no?+ save "h & !re a glass bead or a brok5 tomahawk4 ,9 any "o ( p]haps two or ?ree hundr$ places :]e prehi/oric villages occurr$1 an obs]v] may f9d great quantities ( *ips1 spawls1 brok5 implem5ts1 brok5 pott]y1 etc4 ,! ne$s ( anci5t man 7 few1 8 implem5ts simple & conf9$ to ! types illu/rat$ 9 ?is "w4 ,!re=e1 ! pres5ce ( ! unnumb]$ evid5ces ( human resid5ce indicates ei!r a great l5g? ( occupation1 or l>ge numb]s ( ,indians = a %ort p]iod ( "t4 ,i nev] believ$ t ! population 9 ,am]ica exce$$ "o million 7nor? ( ,mexico7 at any "t1 assum+ t ! field evid5ce is aga9/ ! /atem5t s (t5 made t !re are z _m ,indians 9 ,am]ica to-day z at ! "t ( ! discov]y4 ,if ! ,ohio ,valley _h be5 occupi$ by m\nd-build+ p :5 ,la ,salle & ,h5nep9 made _! voyages ( discov]y1 ^! wor?y & zeal\s explor]s w\ld h made ref]5ce to x 9 _! reports4 ,b ,la ,salle & ,h5nep9 he>d ( ! great ,ill9ois t[ns on ! riv] ( ! same "n 9 t /ate & j\rney$ f ,quebec to visit ^? t[ns4 ,!re 7 ?\s&s ( ,indians liv+ 9 ! ,ill9ois c\ntry1 b ,ohio appe>s to h _h little population--t is ( ,indians1 & none :atsoev] ( m\nd-build+ p4 ,betwe5 ,aurora & ,lawr5ceburg1 ,indiana1 if ! ,ohio ,riv] has n dur+ a rec5t flood cov]$ ! bottoms ) silt1 !re may be se5 a village-site ne>ly ?ree miles 9 ext5t4 ,i visit$ x 9 #ahih & collect$ upw>ds ( ?ree ?\s& specim5s f ! surface 9 a week's "t4 ,! ,indian population 0 mo/ num]\s on t great art]y1 ! ,mississippi ,riv] & its tribut>ies4 ,p]haps we h n fully recogniz$ ! importance play$ by ?is 8,fa!r ( ,wat]s0 9 prehi/oric times4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,mississippi ,valley are sev]al climates v>y+ f extreme cold 9 nor!rn ,m9nesota to ! semi-tropical ( ,l\isiana2 f ! aridity ( ! foo?ills ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ! salubri\s climate ( ,t5nessee2 f ! cold ( ! extreme ,nor?we/ to t ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! ,mississippi ,valley comprises altitude & sea level1 m\nta9s & pla9s1 e k9d ( soil & e specim5 ( plant & animal life f\nd 9 ,nor? ,am]ica above ! ,city ( ,mexico4 ,x w\ld appe> t man _h p5etrat$ to ! heads ( e /ream tribut>y to ! ,mississippi4 ,?r\gh ! ,colorado bas91 ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( all ! ,s\!rn riv]s2 to ! riv]s ( ,new ,engl&1 ! great ,/4 ,lawr5ce bas91 & ! ,r$ ,riv] ( ! ,nor?1 & ev5 f> ,yukon 9 ,alaska1--^! primitive /one-age p c>ri$ _! simple arts & e/abli%$ _! villages4 ,9 ! ,cumb]l& & ,t5nessee valleys su* multitudes ( !m liv$ t ev5 aft] a hundr$ ye>s ( ru?less de/ruction ( ! /one grave cemet]ies1 !re /ill rema9 ?\s&s ( unop5$ sepul*res4 ,apropos ( ^! /one graves1 ,g5]al ,gates ,p4 ,?ru/on1 ( ,na%ville1 :o has /udi$ anci5t man 9 ,t5nessee m ?an =ty ye>s1 reports by lett] to me z foll[s3 8,i ?9k t !re mu/ h be5 =ty ?\s& graves )9 tw5ty-five miles ( ,na%ville4 ,i %\ld ?9k !re 7 probably at "o "t z _m z "o hundr$ ?\s& prehi/oric inhabitants 9 ! two valleys4 ,! village-sites & cemet]ies _c be numb]$40 ,! (ficials at ,wa%+ton h und]e/imat$1 x seems to me1 ! numb] ( ,indians 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 because !y h record$ ! ,indian ( ! hi/oric p]iod r ?an ! ,indian ( ! pa/4 ,de ,soto & ,coronado bo? report$ cont9u\s population ?r\gh\t ! regions trav]s$ by !m4 ,yet %ortly aft] ! ye> #agjj small-pox1 measles1 *ol]a1 & o!r diseases de/roy$ entire tribes4 ,untold ?\s&s ( our ,indians p]i%$ dur+ ^! epidemics4 ,! case ( ! ,m&ans is well kn[n4 ,! e>ly coloni/s made frequ5t ref]5ce to ! spread ( ^! plagues ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gbb4 7,s4 #a-b47 ,views ( an unkn[n object ( /one1 f\nd 9 #ahhe on a ran* on ! ,columbia ,riv]1 ,oregon4 ,w4 ,f4 ,p>k]'s collection1 ,omaha4 ,f\rte5 ye>s ago ,i compil$ an ar*ologic map = ! ,/ate ( ,ohio2 ! la/ entry be+ made 9 #ahig4 ,at t "t !re 7 #cbib v>i\s monum5ts & village-sites record$4 ,s9ce !n ,pr(essor ,mills has cont9u$ ! "w & add$ to ! total4 ,con/ant travel ov] ! ,/ate ( ,ohio 9 ! pa/ ye>s leads me to believe t !re 7 9 anci5t times at lea/ tw5ty ?\s& monum5ts great & small 9 t /ate4 ,all consid]$1 ! population 9 ,nor? ,am]ica 9 pre-,columbian times mu/ h be5 consid]able dur+ two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 if n = a long] p]iod4 ,,! ,,/one ,,age ,,9 ,,hi/oric ,,times ,x is un=tunate t ,coronado1 ,de ,soto1 ,capta9 ,smi?1 ,h5nep91 ,m>quette1 & ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs did n give u m detail ab\t /one-age times4 ,:5 ^! explor]s1 or adv5tur]s1 or coloni/s came "h1 _m ( ! ,indians 7 /ill 9 ! /one age4 ,"o ( ! be/ ref]5ces t ,i h se5 is t by ,coronado's hi/orian1 :o /ates t 9 ! m\nta9 region along ! ,colorado ,riv] !re liv$ _m wild tribes :o 7 b>b>\s2 8eat human fle%1 wor%ip pa9t$ & sculptur$ /ones1 & are mu* giv5 to wit*craft & sorc]y40 ,^! m5 repres5t$ savage & n b>b>ic /one-age times4 ,!y appe> to h be5 exce$+ly fleet ( foot1 great hunt]s1 v c\rage\s1 & q diff]5t f lat] ,indians4 ,! hi/orian1 speak+ ( "o ( ^! tribes1 says3 8,! ?ird language is t ( ! ,acaxes1 :o are 9 possession ( a l>ge "p ( ! hilly c\ntry & all ( ! m\nta9s4 ,!y g hunt+ = m5 j z !y hunt animals4 ,!y all eat human fle%1 & he :o has ! mo/ human bones & skulls hung up ar\nd 8 h\se is mo/ fe>$ & respect$4 ,!y live 9 settlem5ts & 9 v r\gh c\ntry1 avoid+ ! pla9s4 ,9 pass+ f "o settlem5t to ano!r1 !re is always a rav9e 9 ! way :i* !y _c cross1 al?\gh !y c talk toge!r across x4 ,at ! slighte/ call five hundr$ m5 collect1 & on any pretext kill & eat "o ano!r4 ,?us x has be5 v h>d to subdue ^! p1 on acc\nt ( ! r\ghness ( ! c\ntry1 :i* is v great40 ,x has be5 kn[n = _m ye>s t ! ,s]i ,indians liv+ on an isl& 9 ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia are /ill 9 ! /one age4 ,pr(essor ,w ,j ,mc,gee1 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 visit$ ^! ,indians & wrote a long report conc]n+ !m4#cb ,?is book %\ld be read by /ud5ts1 z x gives an insight into :at prehi/oric times mu/ h be54 ,mc,gee /ates a numb] ( int]e/+ facts :i* ,i repeat1 ) "s *anges1 9 cond5s$ =m4 ,! ,s]is are bitt]ly oppos$ to =eign]s1 & he consid]s 8_! race s5se is p]haps ! /ronge/ ev] kn[n40 ,?is is due to _! liv+ alone & ap>t on ?is small isl& away f o!r tribes4 ,!y _h bitt] exp]i5ces ) ! cruel ,spani>ds ne>ly ?ree c5turies ago1 :i* 0 a contribut+ factor 9 br++ ab\t ?is condition4 ,!y use %ells1 ) :i* ! sea-front ab\nds1 = knives1 cups1 di%es1 dipp]s1 & o!r ut5sils4 ,! natural1 wat]-worn pebbles ne$ no *ipp+ or fa%ion+ to make ( !m hamm]s & cru%]s4 ,occasionally "s ( ^! implem5ts exhibit a little "w to br+ !m into bett] %ape4 ,! seacoa/ ab\nd$ 9 ?\s&s ( wat]-worn /one objects1 ( su* =ms z made !m conv5i5t = use by ! ,s]i ,indians4 ,practically no *ipp$ implem5ts occurr$4 ,mc,gee se>*$ pati5tly b f\nd only two1 bo? ( :i* 7 arr[-po9ts4 ,! wat]-worn /ones 7 us$ 9 ! h& & n haft$1 ! aim s]v+ z ! h&le4 8,! ,s]i are wond]fully quick 9 us+ ^! /ones0--! motions be+ fa/] ?an if "o held ! end ( ! h&le 9 :i* ! /one 0 fa%ion$4 ,! social organization ( ^! p is v peculi>4 ,! olde/ wom5 are matrons :o seem to dom9ate ea* community4 ,9 ! case ( ! be/-look+ "y woman ( ! tribe1 :o w\ld n be photograph$1 ! matron comm&$ t %e p]mit a picture to be tak51 & %e1 :o _h /r5u\sly object$1 at once cons5t$4 ,:5 any ( ^! p m>ry ) ali5s1 !y are outlaw$ or driv5 away f ! o!r ,s]i4 ,! graves ( ! ,s]i are simple pits 9 :i* ! body is plac$ ) accompanim5t ( objects belong+ to ! deceas$ 9 life4 ,if su* burials--ne> ! surface--7 made 9 v anci5t times 9 m moi/ or humid climates1 x is c]ta9 t all bone & o!r p]i%able objects w\ld h disappe>$ & only ! /one ?+s rema9$4 ,we w\ld !n be unable to det]m9e t a grave once !re exi/$1 & x is possible--,i d n say probable--t su* graves may h be5 made 9 times ( extreme antiquity 9 ! ,nor? or ,s\?1 & t all ( ! s(t] sub/ances & bones h disappe>$4 ,9 t ev5t1 ^! graves ( an e>ly culture w\ld n appe> to u z graves1 b z a small ca*e ( rude implem5ts4 ,aside f ^! two ref]5ces ,i h f\nd a few o!rs1 b because ( limit$ space1 ,i am unable to pres5t !m "h4 ,dr4 ,*>les ,peabody k9dly furni%$ me ) an int]e/+ /atem5t reg>d+ ! use ( ! bicaves or discoidals1 :i* is h]e) submitt$3-- 8,at ! ,village ( ! ,h\mas4 ,!re are eighty cab9s1 & 9 ! middle ( ! village a f9e level squ>e1 :]e f morn+ to night !re are "y m5 :o ex]cise !mselves 9 runn+ aft] a flat /one :i* !y ?r[ 9 ! air f "o end ( ! squ>e to ! o!r1 & :i* !y try to h fall on two cyl9d]s t !y roll :]e !y ?9k t ! /one w fall40#cc ,,! ,,antiquity ,,( ,,man ,,9 ,,am]ica ,we %\ld consid] q briefly ?is subject4 ,z 0 rem>k$ on pages #cb-d1 man may h occupi$ ,am]ica 9 times ( great antiquity4 ,p]sonally1 ,i _c und]/& h[ all ! diff]5t ,indian dialects develop$ 9 comp>atively rec5t times4 ,x w\ld seem t sev]al ?\s& ye>s at lea/ 7 requir$ = s _m & div]sifi$ tongues to h develop$ among our aborig9es4 ,n be+ a geologi/1 x w\ld be presumptu\s = me to pass op9ion on que/ions 9 :i* geology play$ prom95t "p4 ,:at little is (f]$1 !re=e1 is bas$ ^u /udy ( man's h&iwork & di/ribution ( 8 implem5ts r ?an ^u geologic evid5ce4 ,!re has be5 n a little said conc]n+ ! obs]vations ( ,mr4 ,erne/ ,volk & ,dr4 ,*>les ,c4 ,abbott 9 ,new ,j]sey1 z bo? ( ^! m5 h labor$ = _m ye>s ne> ,tr5ton1 ^u fields & 9 ! s&s & gravels4 ,rec5tly ,dr4 ,abbott publi%$ ?ree pamphlets4#cd ,!re are "s p]sonalities 9 ^! pamphlets :i* might h be5 omitt$1 & "o or two /atem5ts to :i* "s p]sons might object4 ,b on ! :ole ^! ?ree pamphlets sum up all ( ,dr4 ,abbott's obs]vations dur+ ! pa/ ?irty ye>s1 ) ref]5ce to ,new ,j]sey ar*ology & ! antiquity ( man 9 ! ,delaw>e ,valley4 ,waiv+ ^! m9or consid]ations1 :i* no broad-m9d$ man w\ld treasure up aga9/ ,dr4 ,abbott1 we may safely assume t bo? he & ,mr4 ,volk are real ar*ologi/s4 ,t is1 !y und]/& conditions z !y exi/$ 9 anci5t times1 & t is some?+ t few m5 ( to-day grasp4 ,x _c be le>n$ f read+ ! reports1 f /udy+ 9 museums1 or ?r\gh obta9+ a degree f "o ( our univ]sities4 ,bo? ,volk & ,abbott h work$ h>d4 ,!re 0 no fuss made ab\t x4 ,x 0 a cont9u\s gr9d day aft] day1 week 9 & week out1 ye> ^u ye>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gbc4 7,s4 ab\t #a-c47 ,a rem>kably well-pres]v$ g\rd wat]-jug4 ,f\nd 9 ! a%es ( ,salts ,cave1 ,k5tucky4 ,b4 ,h4 ,"y's collection1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,no man c dig a pit 9 ! gr\nd & fill x up s t x con=ms to ! surr\nd+ natural /rata4 ,su* a place always %[s di/urb$ soil or clay4 ,walk along ! riv]bank1 :]e ! wat] has wa%$ out a l9e ( f5ce & left ! m>ks ( ! po/-holes1 & obs]ve2 note gravel-banks any:]e 9 ?is c\ntry :]e aborig9es buri$ 9 graves1 & z :ite m5 haul away ! gravel & expose ! bank1 "o is able to see cle>ly def9$ ! outl9es ( ! graves4 ,! same is true ( ! holes ( burr[+ animals & ( tree-roots1 etc4 ,! b$s ( /reams m5tion$ by ,dr4 ,abbott 9 8 "w play an important "p 9 ar*ology4 ,:5 ! implem5ts f\nd 9 !m 7 lo/1 ! /reams 7 active4 ,s9ce !n !y h fill$ up4 ,! "* ( "o deposit 9 ! ,delaw>e ,valley inve/igat$ by ,abbott & ,volk diff]s f t ( ano!r1 & ! diff]5ces are s /rik+1 ! deposits be+ 9 ! "o place s&1 & 9 ano!r place glacial clay1 9 ano!r place riv] gravel1 t "o _c b believe t a consid]able p]iod ( "t elaps$ betwe5 ^! v>i\s cultures4 ,9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry are f\nd n only *ipp$ implem5ts1 b o!r implem5ts heavily coat$ ) pat9a1 :i* is an incru/ation accru+ by "t alone4 ,!re are o!r worn specim5s :i* appe> v old4 ,select "s ( ^! & comp>e !m ) objects f ! ,m&an or ,iroquois sites1 or ev5 f ! m\nds 9 ! ,ohio ,valley1 & "o w obs]ve ! app>5t diff]5ce 9 ! age ( ^! specim5s4 ,! ,m&an pott]y & "s ( ! ,iroquois pott]y are ev5 at ?is late date coat$ ) soot4 ,!re is no soot on ! m\nd pott]y4 ,along ! ,atlantic ,coa/1 & 9 ! ,s\?1 fl9t implem5ts are sometimes coat$ ) pat9a4 ,9 ,florida %ell heaps are occasionally f\nd skeletons at great dep?4 ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,b4 ,moore consid]$ ! l[] /rata ( ! l>g] %ell heaps to be v old4 ,!re 0 a skull f\nd by ,dr4 ,wyman dur+ ! c\rse ( 8 exploration _m ye>s ago 9 ! base ( a %ell m\nd 9 ,florida4#ce ,i pres5t a picture ( x 9 ,fig4 #gag4 ,! cranium is heavily incru/$ by cem5t$ %ells4 ,su* a burial mu/ be ( great age4 ,^! %ell heaps accumulate v sl[ly dur+ ! occupancy ( ! sites by _m g5]ations ( ,indians4 ,?is skull1 & ! skull f\nd at ,lans+1 ,kansas1 at a dep? ( tw5ty-five or ?irty feet1 & o!r f9ds1 are evid5ces ( consid]able antiquity4 ,dr4 ,hrdlika has said t ! ,lans+ man 0 ( ! same type z ! mod]n ,indian4 ,?is does n mean t x is mod]n1 = ,assyrian & ,egyptian crania five or m ?\s& ye>s old h be5 tak5 f ! tombs1 & x w\ld require exp]ts to di/+ui% !m f crania ( liv+ p4 ,pr(4 ,edw>d ,h4 ,williams1 ,jr41 ( ,wood/ock1 ,vt41 sugge/$ to me t an exp]t analysis be made ( ! surface ( c]ta9 problematic =ms & ornam5ts f9i%$ & unf9i%$4 ,!re=e1 ,i gave to ,pr(4 ,williams "s =ty objects f our ,&ov] collection1 & he made a c>eful exam9ation1 z did 8 fri5d ,pr(4 ,john ,d4 ,irv+ ( ,lehigh ,univ]sity1 :o is secret>y ( ! ,geological ,society ( ,am]ica1 & an exp]t 9 su* matt]s4 ,"s ( ^! specim5s are f\nd to be old1 a few v old1 & o!rs m or less rec5t4 ,i %all quote a few ( 8 obs]vations4 ,! numb]s ref] to catalogue numb]s 9 our books3-- 8#bbeag--;,f ,georgia4 ,?is is a f9e-gra9$ diabase4 ,pr(4 ,irv+ reports t ! ophitic /ructure is v well m>k$4 ,?is object has be5 buri$ = "s "t1 & ! surface is wea!r$1 & has be5 pitt$ s9ce x 0 work$4 8#bcddi--,sy5itic ,gneiss4 ,! feldsp> _h begun to kaol9ize be=e ! pebble 0 work$4 ,s9ce work+ ! surface has be5 consid]ably et*$1 & ! hornbl5de is left ris+ above ! surface4 ,?is black m9]al has also be5 decompos$ s9ce work+1 & ! iron compon5t has ru/$ & /a9$ ! horn4 8#cdggb--;,extremely f9e-gra9$ muscovite s*i/ ) gra9s ( magnetite4 ,?is 0 wea!r$ be=e work+1 & ! magnetite has almo/ :olly rott$ to s(t d>k spots4 ,!re 0 "s et*+ ( ! surface s9ce work+4 8#dacg--;,foliat$ gre5i% talc4 ,! light] pits & scrat*es are rec5t4 ,! surface is d>k] ?an ! fre% fracture1 & %[s age & h&l+4 8#ahdad--,?is is a mu* decompos$ rock ( ! trap v>iety1 :i* has become s wea!r$ & s(t5$ t x has become almo/ entirely *lorite4 ,x looks v mu* l an argillite4 ,x belongs to "o ( ! #8gre5/one' rocks40 ,z to ! exact numb] ( ye>s requir$ = ?is wea!r+1 x is impossible to /ate1 b s9ce ^! specim5s 7 consid]$ f a geological & m9]alogical po9t ( view1 & critically analyz$ by two entirely compet5t m51 x is safe to assume t a few hundr$ ye>s w\ld n acc\nt = ! dis9tegration4 ,i d n "k :e!r ^! ?+s are a few hundr$ or sev]al ?\s& ye>s old1 b ! analysis %[s t ! /one wea!r$ to "s consid]able ext5t1 & ?is w\ld be indication ( age4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to analyze "s ( ! ,iroquois objects & to comp>e4 ,! diff]5t cultures 9 ,am]ica w\ld appe> to be evid5ce ( ! antiquity ( man4 ,"o _c imag9e t ! ,cliff-,dwell]s & m\nd-build+ tribes1 t ! /one-grave p1 or ! cave p 9 ! ,oz>ks1 or ! %ell-heap p ( ,florida1 or ! ,pla9s tribes1 & f9ally1 ! woods & m\nta9 ,indians1 :o nev] made any monum5ts ( any description--t all ^! cultures develop$ 9 a few hundr$ ye>s4 ,!y are s totally diff]5t1 & are s influ5c$ & modifi$ by climate & local conditions1 t x w\ld appe> plausible t sev]al ?\s& ye>s mu/ h elaps$ be=e ^! %>p l9es ( di/9ction develop$4 ,aga91 :ile all ,indians h sk9s m or less r$1 ! v>iation 9 physical appe>ance among our aborig9es is surpris+4 ,no "o c\ld fail to di/+ui% an ,ojibwa f an ,iroquois1 or a ,si\x f an ,apa*e1 or an ,osage f a ,sem9ole1 ev5 if "o _h no k ( ,indian language or cu/oms4 ,environm5t & habitat mu/ h influ5c$ ^! tribes & affect$ _! /ature & physical conditions4 ,,adaptation ,,to ,,conditions ,among our ,am]ican aborig9es "o trait /&s out prom95tly1 & t is ! art ( adapt+ !mselves to exi/+ & local conditions & environm5ts4 ,p]haps no race s readily appreciat$ t x mu/ dep5d entirely ^u its own res\rces4 ,we f9d1 !re=e1 t x is immat]ial :e!r ! native ,am]icans live 9 ,ma9e or 9 ,florida1 9 ,nor? ,dakota1 or ,texas2 !y select$ ! mo/ available mat]ials4 ,if ! /one 0 easily *ipp$ or ( su* consi/5cy t x c\ld be made use (1 !y adopt$ t /one = c]ta9 implem5ts4 ,if ! /one 0 refractory & n easily *ipp$ or work$1 !y did ! be/ t !y c\ld ) x4 ,!re=e x is n always a crit]ion ( poor workman%ip nor does x indicate l[ degree ( culture if ! implem5ts are crude & r\ghly & imp]fectly made4 ,x ev5 means t !re is no good mat]ial at h& & t ! ,indians select$ ! be/ !y 7 able to secure & work$ x out z well z !y 7 able4 ,aga91 9 c]ta9 sections implem5ts made ( good mat]ial are to be f\nd1 also ( poor1 co>se1 local mat]ials4 ,frequ5tly ! good mat]ial 0 transport$ f a di/ance4 ,x may h come ?r\gh trade or by means ( conque/4 ,t is immat]ial4 ,! po9t is t ! natives naturally pref]r$ mat]ials m easily work$1 b t !y 7 n always able to obta9 !m4 ,x is q likely t few ( ! tribes 7 fri5dly 9 prehi/oric times4 ,! natives ( a giv5 riv] valley may h desir$ ! bett] mat]ial to be f\nd two or ?ree hundr$ miles di/ant f _! habitat1 b because ( ! ho/ility ( ! nation liv+ 9 t section :]e bett] mat]ial c\ld be obta9$1 !y 7 unable by ei!r trade or conque/ to obta9 x1 & _h to be cont5t ) su* unsatisfactory *]t or o!r /one z occurr$ 9 _! imm$iate locality4 ,i ?9k t ?is factor ent]$ l>gely into prehi/oric life4 ,b if no suitable /one c\ld be obta9$1 ! ,indians made use ( bone or o!r sub/ances4 ,9 sev]al ref]5ces to ! ,m&an village-sites 9 ?is "w1 ! po9t 0 made t ! ,m&ans us$ ! l>ge bones ( ! buffalo = a multitude ( purposes4 ,?is 0 because suitable /one 0 sc>ce1 & = ! fur!r reason t ! bones 7 m easily work$ & %ap$ ?an /one4 ,9 c]ta9 sections ( ! ,mississippi ,valley :]e mat]ials ( all k9ds 7 9 abundance _m v>ieties ( /one1 %ell1 etc41 7 employ$4 ,! read9ess ) :i* ! native adapt$ himself to conditions is %[n 9 ! h\se /ructure ( ! ,indians4 ,^? ( cold climates liv$ 9 v diff]5t /ructures f ^? ( ! ,s\?4 ,& ! ,pla9s ,indians employ$ sk9 cov]+s1 :]eas ! woods ,indians made use ( b>k or ( logs1 & ! ,pacific ,coa/ ,indians us$ quantities ( hewn bo>ds4 ,?is is an int]e/+ subject1 & c\ld be foll[$ at consid]able l5g? did space p]mit4 ,,art ,,9 ,,anci5t ,,times ,,& ,,mod]n ,,art ,too mu* has be5 made ( ! pres5ce ( /one & bone tools among mod]n tribes4 ,:ile !re h be5 num]\s in/ances ( su* cl++ to old =ms1 yet /ud5ts ( mod]n ,indian life1 by _! con/ant ref]5ce to ^! recurr5ces1 h giv5 a wrong impression to ! _w4 ,x is g5]ally kn[n & accept$ t art passes ?r\gh p]iods ( transition4 ,z an example "o might cite ! ,r5aissance4 ,no /ud5t ( art w\ld confuse ! ,r5aissance ) an e>li] or lat] p]iod4 ,examples ( e>li] art /ill p]si/+ dur+ ! e>ly ,r5aissance are 9 evid5ce4 ,b z ! influ5ce ( ! ,r5aissance broad5$1 all art ( t p]iod 0 affect$1 or leav5$ by x1 & pres5tly practically all art 0 ,r5aissance4 ,?is is precisely true ( ,indian art4 ,we se>* dilig5tly to f9d an old1 really old ,navajo blanket to-day1 & we pay a fabul\s price = x4 ,likewise we se>*--b 9 va9--= old wood5 b[ls1 pa9t$ buffalo robes1 & fea!r mantles4 ,! utmo/ corn]s ( remote ,s\? ,am]ica are visit$ by explor]s f ,h>v>d1 ! ,am]ican ,museum1 & ,b]l9 & ,london museums4 ,:y8 ,to discov] primitive man unt\*$ by civilization 9 ord] to record 8 arts & folk-lore1 religion1 & daily life1 undefil$ by contact ) our civilization4 ,is x f\nd8 ,sc>cely an example rema9s--all is t+$ & influ5c$ ev5 z ! ,r5aissance *ang$ ! pre,renaissance4 ,if "o w reflect a mom5t1 "o w agree t ?is is all true4 ,examples ( sculptures 9 /one1 c>v+ ( %ell1 effigies 9 copp]1 c]amic art 9 ! ,cliff-,dwell] c\ntry are 9 our lead+ museums4 ,i w\ld recomm5d read]s to g to ^! museums & comp>e t real art ) ! wret*$ examples 9 vogue among ! ,indians at ! pres5t "t4 ,i h said s mu* reg>d+ anci5t arts 9 v>i\s places 9 ?is book t n[ ,i wi% to speak m p>ticul>ly reg>d+ c]ta9 tribes ( ,indians1 among :om ,i sp5t ! spr+ & summ] ( ! ye> #aiji1 & contra/ _! art ) /one-age art4 ,9 ,m>*1 #aiji1 ,i 0 s5t by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior to inve/igate ! condition ( ! ,ojibwa ,indians4 ,i return$ sev]al weeks lat] & 0 aga9 s5t out ! fir/ ( ,july & rema9$ on ! ,:ite ,e>? ,res]vation until 9 ,octob]4 ,because our "w 0 to e/abli% :o 7 ! full bloods1 we came 9 contact ) all ! ,indians ( ! ,ojibwa tribe :o claim to h no :ite or negro blood 9 _! ve9s4 ,among our eighte5 or tw5ty witnesses1 :o 7 *iefs & p]sons rang+ f sev5ty to eighty-five ye>s ( age1 & :o 7 famili> ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,ojibwa1 ) ! p>5ts & gr&p>5ts ( ^? :om we e/abli%$ to be full bloods1 7 sev]al memb]s ( ! gr& m$ic9e society1 ! ,midiwew94 ,^! p]sons 7 frequ5tly exam9$ by me ?r\gh our int]pret]s--all ( :om 7 ! mo/ compet5t we 7 able to procure & ! be/ on ! res]vation--z to ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! ,ojibwa tribe4 ,! old record-keep]1 commonly call$ ,daydodge1 b ^: real "n is ,bay-bah-dwung-gay-au%1 ag$ eighty-two1 _h a rem>kable memory4 ,to him _h be5 relat$ all ! ,hiawa?a traditions by ! ,indians1 & he 0 able to c>ry back hi/ory ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s4 ,?is man told me t !re 7 few1 if any1 /one implem5ts 9 use among 8 p :5 he 0 a boy1 & he did n ?9k t /one objects 7 9 use to any ext5t :5 8 gr&p>5ts 7 *ildr54 ,he said t occasionally a woman haft$ a /one celt & us$ x 9 scrap+ or cutt+1 t "s /one mallets 7 to be f\nd :5 8 gr&p>5ts 7 "y1 b he ?\ght t ! ,fr5* & ,engli% trad]s' goods _h displac$ all /one articles 9 use among ! ,ojibwa4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii ,,conclusions ,,! ,,anci5t ,,culture-,,gr\ps ,z ,major ,p[ell f\nd _m l+ui/ic /ocks 9 ,nor? ,am]ica 9 rec5t times1 s we f9d q z _m cultures 9 anci5t times4 ,b ! language ( ^! p be+ unkn[n to u1 we mu/ /udy !m ?r\gh _! implem5ts4 ,"s ( ^! are widespread1 :ile o!rs are local4 ,consid]1 = in/ance1 ! saddle-%ap$ or bird-%ap$ /ones1 ( :i* numb]s are illu/rat$ 9 *apt] ,,xxv4 ,^!1 aft] great /udy1 "o mu/ conclude orig9at$ 9 a c]ta9 tribe long ago4 ,x is n prop] to call !m ,iroquois1 or ,delaw>e2 if !y exi/$ 9 hi/oric times "o might be m correct 9 /at+ t ! ,eries1 or ! ,snake ,p1 ref]r$ to by ! ,delaw>es 9 _! ,l5ni-,l5ape tradition1 made & us$ !m4 ,c]ta9ly !y are n ,iroquoian 9 "*4 ,_! v di/ribution w\ld indicate t !y are a product ( ,nor!rn p ( /one-age culture4 ,z aga9/ ?is ! bicave & discoidal /one is ( c5tral ,s\? culture & n ( ,new ,engl&1 ! ,nor?1 or ,we/4 ,"u o!r *apt]s ,i h pres5t$ "s conclusions1 & ^! w n be repeat$ "h4 ,axes1 fl9t implem5ts1 copp] 7by ,mr4 ,br[n71 & sev]al o!r divisions ( artifacts h be5 already sep>at$ into _! culture-gr\ps4 ,at ! pres5t writ+ !re are s _m new types on exhibition 9 public & private collections :i* =m]ly 7 consid]$ products ( individual fancy1 t x is q difficult = "o to det]m9e ! numb] & ext5t ( ! prehi/oric cultures 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,h[ev]1 "o mu/ make a beg9n+4 ,9 pres5t+ :at appe>s to me to e/abli% v>i\s local cultures1 ,i am q aw>e t future obs]v]s--:5 ! k ( ?is intricate subject is m widespread--may add or detract f my obs]vations4 ,! cultures m5tion$1 !re=e1 mu/ be consid]$ 9 ! nature ( pione] obs]vations1 subject to developm5t or *ange z ar*ologic k exp&s & becomes m p]fect4 ,9 ,new ,brunswick & ,ma9e & ab\t ! m\? ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce !re are ! ev]-pres5t fl9t implem5ts & *ipp$ objects1 & also numb]s ( slate po9ts1 :i* may be ei!r problematical =ms or w+$ spe>-po9ts & arr[-heads4 ,_m ( ! slate po9ts f\nd by ,mr4 ,c4 ,c4 ,will\ghby 9 graves at ,oldt[n1 ,ma9e1 appe> to me to be too long & sl5d] to h made effective weapons4 ,yet !y may h s]v$ z su*4 ,! adze & g\ge & ! adze-blade celt are num]\s 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,i h comm5t$ on ! types ( *ipp$ objects & h[ !y diff] 9 v>i\s sections ( ! c\ntry1 s t x is n necess>y to re-ent] ^u a l5g?y diss]tation on ?is "q4 ,9 ,new ,engl& prop]1 ! region ea/ ( ! ,hudson ,riv]1 ! slate po9ts are n common1 & gradually disappe> we/ ( ! ,connecticut ,valley4 ,b ! adze & ! g\ge & ! long roll] pe/le ab\nd 9 numb]s4 ,!re are also /range effigies ( :ale1 & rude effigies s r\gh t "o does n "k :at ! mak] int5d$ to repres5t4 ,plummet-%ap$ /ones are also common4 ,b ! slate gorget & ornam5t1 & ! bell-%ap$ pe/le1 ! discoidal & bicave1 & _m o!r =ms1 are almo/ want+4 ,! pipes are n common & f> inf]ior to ^? ( ! ,ohio ,valley & ,middle ,s\? & ! ,s\?4 ,new ,engl&1 !n1 may be divid$ into two culture-gr\ps1 t ea/ ( ! ,m]rimack ,riv] & t ly+ betwe5 ! ,m]rimack & ! ,hudson4 ,^! are relat$ to ea* o!r1 b diff]5ces may be obs]v$4 ,! next culture-gr\p is t ( ea/]n ,canada1 nor? ( ,lake ,erie & ,lake ,ont>io4 ,all ( ?is region is m>k$ by ,iroquois influ5ce1 & ! tribes prec$+ ! ,iroquois left exce$+ly crude & rude h&iwork 9 /one4 ,! =ms :i* may be consid]$ to be pre-,iroquoian are v l ^? ( ! ,lake ,*ampla9 di/rict4 ,a spl5did collection ( !m is on exhibition 9 ! ,prov9cial ,museum1 ,toronto1 :]e ,mr4 ,david ,boyle labor$ = _m ye>s to br+ ab\t ! pres]vation ( ,canadian antiquities4 ,betwe5 ! ,hudson & ! l9e drawn betwe5 ,buffalo1 ,new ,york1 & ,baltimore1 !re are at lea/ two cultures & indications ( "o or two m4 ,9 nor!rn ,new ,york is ! fam\s ,iroquoian culture ( :i* s mu* has be5 writt5--& by m compet5t obs]v]s--t ,i w\ld n d>e describe x "h4 ,suffice x to say t an inspection ( ! pipes1 pott]y1 bone implem5ts1 etc41 f ,iroquoian graves & village-sites w acqua9t "o ev5 sup]ficially int]e/$ 9 ar*ology ) ! fact t ! ,iroquoian culture is pla9ly diff]5t f any?+ else on ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,:e!r ! ,iroquois1 previ\s to _! fam\s ,hiawa?a1 7 organiz$ & _h develop$ ?is peculi> art is a "q = o!rs to decide4 ,b ! fre%ness ( ! ,iroquoian pipes & pott]y & ! g5]al tone ( ! objects--& by tone ,i mean t appe>ance :i* mo/ ( !m possess--indicate t !y %[ ,european influ5ce--lead ! ar*ologi/ to conclude t z to antiquity !y are n 9 ! class ) ! o!r objects f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,x has always be5 my op9ion t five or six c5turies ( "t are suffici5t to acc\nt = _! production4 ,none ( !m look old 9 ! s5se t objects f o!r sites appe> old4 ,9 s\!rn ,new ,york & ?r\gh\t ,new ,j]sey & ,delaw>e we h *ipp$ & poli%$ implem5ts :i* are suppos$ to /& = ! prehi/oric ,delaw>es1 & ^! types appe>1 9 ! ma91 v old4 ,!y are m ?an wea!r-beat51 _m ( !m 7 on ! v]ge ( dis9tegration4 ,"t alone c acc\nt = su* condition4 ,! ,delaw>e ,valley & ! ,susquehanna mu/ h be5 ideal places = prehi/oric man4 ,9 bo? ! climate 0 n sev]e2 game1 nuts1 h]bs1 fi%1 & o!r necessities ( life ab\nd$4 ,a c>eful inspection ( ! "w done by ,dr4 ,*>les ,c4 ,abbott & ,mr4 ,erne/ ,volk leads me to believe t ^! m5 h1 beyond "q1 e/abli%$ t man liv$ 9 ! ,delaw>e ,valley ?ree or f\r ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,rude axes & peculi> ornam5ts also ab\nd4 ,! g\ge is r>e4 ,! adze is sc>cely ev] f\nd1 :ile ! problematical =ms are totally diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,middle ,we/ & ! ,middle ,s\?4 ,! roll] pe/le occurs1 b x may n be consid]$ a local type4 ,copp] is f\nd 9 limit$ quantities1 hematite is almo/ entirely want+1 & effigy pipes are v r>e4 ,! ,weaves1 n[ & !n discov]$1 may be consid]$ z /rays br\ght 9 by means ( b>t] or ex*ange4 ,! projectile po9ts are z a rule sl5d]1 & are easily di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ,new ,engl&1 ,new ,york ,/ate1 or ,canada4 ,jasp]1 argillite1 qu>tzite1 & rhyolite pr$om9ate4 ,! next culture-gr\p is t ( c5tral & we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 :]e9 _m ,new ,j]sey & ,new ,york ,/ate types occur4 ,! problematical =ms1 ! black *]t1 arr[-po9ts1 ! jasp] knives1 & ! not*$ hoes or axes may be said to enable "o to di/+ui% ?is region f o!r culture-gr\ps ( ! ,ea/1 ev5 if !y are m or less relat$4 ,we/ ,virg9ia may be said to lie on ! bord]-l9e betwe5 ,p5nsylvania1 ,k5tucky1 & ,ohio4 ,hematite appe>s 9 ! valleys ( ! ,kana:a & o!r /reams 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,! monitor pipes also appe>1 toge!r ) c]ta9 =ms ( axes1 spe>-heads1 & knives :i* are f\nd 9 great] numb]s 9 ,k5tucky & ,ohio4 ,ohio & ,k5tucky /& z two sep>ate cultures sep>at$ by ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,yet ! ,ohio ,riv] 0 made use ( by prehi/oric man f above ,pittsburg to its m\? at ,cairo4 ,along ! /ream itself "o may disc]n1 on bo? nor? & s\? bank sites1 all k9ds ( cultures1 ?us prov+ t ! ,ohio ,riv] 0 n only a ?or\ghf>e b ! ?or\ghf>e 9 prehi/oric times4 ,x is only :5 "o proce$s up ! /reams f ! ,ohio back fifty or a hundr$ miles 9 ,ill9ois1 ,k5tucky1 ,indiana1 & ,ohio t "o obs]ves h[ ! local cultures h develop$4 ,! culture ( ! ,musk+um & ,scioto 9 ,ohio are practically ! same2 ! ,miami is diff]5t4 ,! ,waba% 9 ,indiana is yet ano!r culture & ! ,ill9ois yet a ?ird4 ,9 ,k5tucky ! ,cumb]l& & ,t5nessee are 9 a class by !mselves1 sep>ate f ! o!rs m5tion$4 ,^! two latt] riv]s are s long1 & z ea* is navigable f> into ! ,/ate ( ,t5nessee1 ,i feel c]ta9 t five or six cultures may be cle>ly diff]5tiat$ )9 _! valleys4 ,i h ref]r$ to ! /one-grave culture ( ?is region else:]e4 ,x m]its fur!r detail$ /udy on ! "p ( ar*ologi/s4 ,9 ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois are long yell[ *]t spe>-heads & lance-heads & knives1 "s ( :i* h slightly turn$ po9ts4 ,_m ( ^! are n unlike ! ,sc&9avian dagg]s4 ,9 ,mi*igan & ,wiscons9 !re is a weal? ( copp]1 _m ( ! sug> qu>tz spe>s & knives1 l>ge numb]s ( peculi> w+$ problematical =ms :i* h be5 q fully illu/rat$ 9 ?is "w4 ,! ,ill9ois & ,wiscons9 cultures are sep>ate & di/9ct4 ,nor!rn ,ill9ois conta9s types ( ,wiscons9 & ,mi*igan z well z numb]s ( c5tral ,ill9ois =ms4 ,at ,s&wi* 9 ,de,kalb ,c\nty !re is a l>ge collection own$ by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,w4 ,franck1 :o s5t me num]\s photographs ( 8 exhibit4 ,?is collection illu/rates ! m+l+ ( types ( ?ree cultures & is ( great ar*ological importance4 ,pass+ we/ to ! ,mississippi 9 ,miss\ri we h ! s-call$ hematite belt4 ,along ! ,miss\ri ,riv] occur great quantities ( iron ore1 & ! natives work$ ?is into hematite axes1 celts1 plummets1 etc4 ,?is region ( c5tral ,miss\ri appe>s to be diff]5t f s\?we/]n ,miss\ri4 ,c5tral & we/]n ,miss\ri 7outside ( ! ,oz>ks7 are also diff]5t f ! cultures bord]+ along ! ,mississippi ,riv]1 or ea/]n ,miss\ri4 ,9 ,kansas & ,i[a we h ! l>ge not*$ hat*ets :i* are peculi> to t section ( ! c\ntry1 ! :ite fl9t ( ,i[a1 ! d>k *]t ( ,kansas1 & ! m9ute arr[-heads1 ! small almo/ squ>e h&-axes1 ! pr(usion ( yell[ *]t & poor jasp] hide-scrap]s4 ,^! are always typical ( ! buffalo c\ntry4 ,b ! /range/ culture1 x seems to me1 9 ,am]ica is t ( ! cave region ( ! ,oz>k ,m\nta9s1 :]e ,dr4 ,peabody & myself made sev]al inve/igations4 ,9 s\?we/]n ,miss\ri1 nor?we/]n ,arkansas1 & ,indian ,t]ritory1 9 bo? lime/one & s&/one =mation1 are "s ?irty-five or m natural cav]ns :i* _h be5 inhabit$ by man4 ,9 ^! are great quantities ( a%es & debris4 ,our inspection ( f\r or five ( ^! caves1 ! /udy ( local collections1 & an exam9ation ( village-sites 9 ! region reveal$ ! fact t *ipp$ implem5ts ( ! village-sites are ( diff]5t /one f ^? f ! a%es 9 ! cav]ns4 ,t man 9 ! ,oz>k region _h no pipes1 no slate articles1 no problematical =ms1 no roll] or bell-%ap$ pe/les1 no %ell ornam5ts1 no copp]1 no hematite1 no celts1 no groov$ axes1 etc4 ,i say none1 al?\gh 9 ! entire region "o slate article1 "o pipe1 & two axes h be5 f\nd4 ,^! may be consid]$ z br\ght 9 by lat] ,indians4 ,! *ipp$ implem5ts are r\gh--save "h & !re a long1 sl5d]1 well-*ipp$ object2 !y are seldom well made4 ,!re is a pr(usion ( s&/one mano-/ones & mort>s4 ,!re is e indication t ! culture is extremely old & v primitive1 z /alagmites h =m$ 7notably 9 ,jacob's ,cav]n7 ov] "s ( ! human rema9s4 ,?is ,oz>k culture1 z /at$ above1 0 c>efully work$ out by ,peabody & myself1 & 0 f\nd to be an anomaly 9 ,am]ican ar*ology4 ,i am p]suad$ t !re are o!r & equally peculi> local cultures to be f\nd if "o se>*es dilig5tly4 ,! ,s\!rn culture %[s local developm5ts4 ,x is *iefly di/+ui%$ by its pott]y1 :i* is diff]5t 9 ,florida f t ( ,miss\ri & f ,l\isiana4 ,! fl9t implem5ts also diff]1 z d _m ( ! types 9 /one4 ,9 ,florida /one celts occur1 b axes are extremely r>e4 ,9 ,texas !re is peculi> culture1 *iefly ( *ipp$ implem5ts ( a r\gh sort & small m9ute arr[-po9ts well made1 ) little or no pott]y1 ) almo/ an entire abs5ce ( problematical =ms1 & ( copp]1 little hematite1 etc4 ,?r\gh\t ! entire ,rocky ,m\nta9 *a91 f nor!rn ,briti% ,columbia to ! ,colorado's headwat]s1 is a peculi> 8m\nta9 culture40 ,f ?is is except$ ! ,columbia ,valley prop]1 :]e l>ge pe/les occur1 also poli%$ paddle-%ap$ /ones1 m9ute *ipp$ objects1 & v>i\s problematical =ms4 ,! m\nta9 *a9 prop] 7back f ! ,coa/7 is diff]5t z to culture1 & l>ge *ipp$ discs ab\nd1 also %ort1 r\nd pe/les1 rubb+-/ones1 h&-hamm]s1 l>ge groov$ hamm]s4 ,ea/]n types are entirely want+1 & _m ( ! *ipp$ objects may be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! ,coa/ or ! ,columbia ,valley4 ,/one objects 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s are n v num]\s4 ,?is is expla9$ on ! gr\nd t be=e ! com+ ( ! :ites x 0 n necess>y = ! ,indians to live 9 ! m\nta9s to any appreciable ext5t4 ,naturally1 !y pref]r$ ! valleys 9 ! foo?ills :]e !re 0 m game4 ,! tribes 7 driv5 to ! m\nta9s by _! enemies4 ,! olde/ ,si\x h told me 7at ,p9e ,ridge7 t !y nev] lik$ to g into ! ma9 range ( ! ,black ,hills because evil spirits dwelt !re4 ,! cultures 9 ! ,colorado bas9 might be divid$ into sev]al gr\ps--! ,cliff-,dwell]s1 ! ,pueblo culture1 ! ,cave-,dwell]s1 & ! b\ld] ru9 p4 ,^! might be classifi$ by ,dr4 ,fewkes z all belong+ to ! same class4 ,i d n "k ) ref]5ce to t1 b ! implem5ts1 ! surface indications1 & ! "* ( ! burials lead me to suppose t ! cave p ( s\!rn ,utah & ! b\ld] ru9 p ( ,san ,juan ,valley 7 to be consid]$ z di/9ct f ^? ( ! great cliff-h\ses & ( ! mod]n pueblo t[ns4 ,!re is a weal? ( mat]ial 9 ?is region 9 ! way ( f9e pott]y1 turquoise beads1 delicate *ipp$ implem5ts1 %ell ornam5ts & bracelets1 etc4 ,we le>n mu* ( prehi/oric times by exploration 9 ! cliff-h\ses1 = ! reason t ! climate is exce$+ly arid & t ! objects are plac$ back 9 ! rooms :]e no moi/ure c p5etrate to !m1 ev5 :5 x occasionally ra9s4 ,!re=e1 axes are f\nd 9 _! orig9al h&les2 wood5 tools1 ?r[+-/icks1 & baskets1 s&als1 knives 9 wood5 h&les1 mats1 ropes1 & o!r ?+s t w\ld p]i% 9 ! ,nor? or ! ,s\?1 are pres]v$4 ,?us we h spl5did opportunity to /udy h[ ! anci5t man m\nt$ & us$ ^! v>i\s tools1 etc4 ,dr4 ,yates & ! late ,rev]5d ,mr4 ,m]$i? h %[n 9 _! articles#cf t two sep>ate cultures exi/$ on ! ,pacific ,coa/1 "o 9 nor!rn1 & ! o!r 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,9 addition to ^! !re is ! fam\s culture ( ! ,columbia ,valley1 :i* is some:at diff]5t f o!rs4 ,num]\s figures & ! delicate arr[-po9ts 9 t region h be5 pres5t$ 9 ! =ego+ pages4 ,along ! ,nor?we/ ,coa/ !re is yet ano!r culture4 ,! ,canadian & ,utah & ,dakota cultures h be5 describ$ by ,pr(essor ,montgom]y 9 ,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,i h run ov] ^! v>i\s cultures v rapidly4 ,mu* m c\ld be said reg>d+ ea* "o4 ,! f9d+ ( diff]5t k9ds ( implem5ts on a giv5 site may indicate diff]5t cultures1 = x is probable t a favorable site 0 select$ by subsequ5t tribes aft] x _h be5 ab&on$ by ! fir/ occupants4 ,?is %\ld be borne 9 m9d by /ud5ts4 ,,! ,,/one-,,age ,,po9t ,,( ,,view ,dur+ ! ,bo/on meet+ ( ! ,an?ropological ,association1 ,decemb] #bg1 #aiji1 at ! conclusion ( a pap] on 8,my?s ( ! ,cayapa ,indians ( ,s\? ,am]ica10 by ,dr4 ,s4 ,a4 ,b>rett1 rem>ks 7 (f]$ by sev]al g5tlem51 includ+ ,dr4 ,franz ,boas4 ,he took occasion to emphasize h[ important 0 ,dr4 ,b>rett's "w among a p z yet unt\*$ by civilization1 & z ! po9t ( view ( ^! ,cayapa ,indians 0 s diff]5t f ours1 x 0 difficult = u to und]/& _! motives & conceptions4 ,all truly primitive p live 9 a _w s ap>t & remov$ f our own t "o %\ld be able by long /udy to place himself m5tally 9 t _w4 ,because _m obs]v]s 7 n 9 sympa?y ) ! ?\ghts ( ^! primitive peoples1 & c\ld n =get t !y 7! obs]v]s7 7 ! product ( a high] culture1 !re=e1 mu* mis9=mation has be5 dissem9at$ reg>d+ primitive beliefs & cu/oms4 ,o!r e?nologi/s spoke along simil> l9es4 ,! above is a truism t e /ud5t ( prehi/oric times %\ld realize1 & at ! risk ( we>y+ my read]s ,i repeat--& ,i tru/ ^! are n va9 repetitions--t we mu/ realize :at ! t]m /one age conveys4 ,no?+ t we h 9 use to-day 0 kn[n to /one-age man--ev5 s common a ?+ z fire is conf9$ & *ang$ to suit our w4 ,v>i\s effigies1 poli%$ problematical =ms1 bright copp]1 %ell or mica1 pott]y1 textile fabrics1 & =ms 9 wood--^! 7 ! ext5t ( 8 art4 ,he knew no horizon beyond ! /one effigy1 ! ornam5t$ gorget1 etc4 ,a color$ /one1 piece ( copp]1 or any?+ 9 /one unusual attract$ 8 eye4 ,i believe t ^! appe>$ to him diff]5t f ord9>y /ones4 ,= ! same reason he mu/ h consid]$ hematite z m or less ( a my/]y4 ,x is v h>d to "w1 & because ( its heav9ess & ! difficulty ( r$uction to desir$ %ape1 "o may surmise x appeal$ to him z a 8my/]y /one40 ,x is cle>1 f ! am\nt ( hematite & copp] 9 public & private collections1 t bo? 7 highly priz$4 ,t hematite 0 f> h>d] to "w ?an common /one did n det] ! anci5t man f digg+1 gr9d+1 cutt+1 & poli%+ ! /eel gray hematites 7z h>d z any /one7 to ! desir$ size4 ,truly he work$ 8at 8 task ) a resolute w1 ov] & ov] aga940 ,i %\ld l to propose to any p]son :o has lightly wav$ aside ! skill or pati5ce ( ! anci5t work]1 t t p]son select a *unk ( ! h>d gray iron ore 7n ! s(t k9d7 & set to "w ) a /one hamm] & "s fl9t flakes & a block ( s&/one to make a hematite plummet4 ,a week's labor on ! specim5 w increase ! respect ( ! sceptic = ! /one-age arti/4 ,we are j beg9n+ to appreciate ! po9t ( view ( ! /one-age man4 ,at pres5t our k is imp]fect4 ,p>ticul>ly1 d ,i feel ?is p]sonally & realize ! responsibility re/+ on "o's %\ld]s :5 "o attempts to describe & classify1 9 a l>ge s5se1 ! /one implem5ts1 etc41 ( anci5t times4 ,ev5 if "o does "o's be/1 su* a "w mu/1 = ! pres5t at lea/1 rema9 a pione] und]tak+1 & ^? :o come aft]w>ds w make ( ! fa9tly m>k$ pione] trail a broad & sub/antial highway along :i* o!rs may travel & f9d1 ,i tru/1 guide-po/s unnecess>y4 ,:5 we realize ! po9t ( view1 ! m9d1 & ! concept ( ! /one-age man fully1 we %all1 q likely1 und]/& ! true import ( ! /range problematical poli%$ /ones s common 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley4 ,^! /& = m ?an m]e ornam5ts4 ,! v "n 8c]emonial10 :i* 0 aft]w>ds *ang$ by t able ar*ologi/ ,pr(essor ,holmes to problematical1 is a confession ( ignorance4 ,^! problematical =ms are f\nd 9 ,wiscons91 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,new ,engl&1 ,l\isiana1 ,ohio1 & ,arkansas1 & al?\gh v>y+ ?r\gh a multitude ( %apes1 yet app>5tly convey sub/antially ! same idea4 ,to ! p :o liv$ entirely 9 ! /one-age times1 ^! mu/ h repres5t$ c]ta9 8sacr$ my/]ies10 to :ite m5 & lat] ,indians entirely unkn[n4 ,! same is true ( ! abnormally l>ge axes 9 copp] or 9 /one1 ( ! l>ge *ipp$ implem5ts 9 ,t5nessee & on ! ,pacific ,coa/4 ,none ( ^! ?+s c\ld h s]v$ a real purpose4 ,"o _c /rike or cut ) ! 8c]emonial swords0 %[n 9 ,fig4 #afa1 nei!r c ! axe illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #bfc ,a be made use ( = cutt+4 ,su* ?+s z ^! illu/rate ! height or p]fection ( /one-age art1 & we mu/ seek _! explanation & purposes along o!r l9es ?an ^? sugge/$ by common e-day usage1 to :i* ! small] & m easily made objects 7 put4 ,,field ,,/udy ,,ne$$ ,be=e conclud+ my rem>ks on ! /one age 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,i w\ld call att5tion to ! necessity ( m & c>eful field "w1 & an und]/&+ ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 v>i\s sites r ?an cont9u$ museum "w1 or ! read+ ( reports & publications4 ,t man :o consid]s arts & crafts ( tribes to h be5 pretty mu* ! same 9 ,am]ica is v ignorant conc]n+ real ar*ology4 ,x has be5 ! purpose ( ?is volume to emphasize diff]5ces 9 ! arts & crafts among prehi/oric tribes4 ,ar*ology is l any o!r compreh5sive subject2 x requires /udy1 discrim9at+ c>e1 & en?usiasm4 ,"o %\ld fur!r add1 x requires inspiration4 ,a man :o does n love to hunt specim5s = ! sake ( hunt+ !m has n 8 he>t 9 ! "w4 ,we h _h _m m\nds exam9$1 plans h be5 drawn1 ! skeletons c>efully set d[n z s _m feet f ea* o!r4 ,a report is publi%$ 9 reg>d to t m\nd1 & in/ead ( intellig5t obs]vations on ! mean+ ( ! evid5ce asc]ta9$1 !re is usually no?+ b a dry & /ati/ical /atem5t ( ! di/ances ( ! skeletons f a giv5 po9t4 ,( c\rse x is necess>y to make a survey ( m\nds & o!r rema9s4 ,& x is equally important to h reports1 b ,i d n ?9k t x is necess>y to publi% field notes--:i* are no m ?an survey notes--& call !m a report4 ,_m ( ! reports publi%$ 9 rec5t ye>s h miss$ ! ess5tial ?+ 9 ,am]ican ar*ology4 ,!y h emphasiz$ ! ma!matical features ( our explorations4 ,!y are z if "o publi%$ tabulat$ c5sus reports1 b (f]$ no explanations z to :at ! numb] & assembl+ ( ! p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates meant4 ,if no conclusions ( value are to be drawn f ! exploration ( a giv5 site1 !n x seems to me t weal?y p :o s5d out exp$itions are wa/+ _! money1 & ! sci5ti/s _! "t4 ,we are tra9+ "y m5 9 our univ]sities & museums to measure m\nds & village-sites v c>efully4 ,all ?is is em95t & prop]1 b we are los+ sight ( ! mean+ ( ^? same village-sites & m\nds & _! relation to o!rs & to prehi/oric culture 9 g5]al4 ,! explor] ,/anley made a /atem5t 9 8 "w 8,d>ke/ ,africa10 :i* ,i h nev] =gott54 ,! sci5ti/ ,em9 ,bey 0 mu* int]e/$ 9 exam9+ a human skull & measur+ x v c>efully & sett+ d[n ! measurem5ts4 ,/anley 0 n int]e/$ 9 ! skull4 ,he wi%$ to "k some?+ reg>d+ ! life ( ! man to :om x once belong$4 ,if "s ( our /ud5ts w\ld1 = a few ye>s1 lay aside cam]as1 gr\nd-plans1 tape-l9es1 & get d[n to real field "w1 mu* m progress w\ld ensue4 ,! /udy ( sites1 collections1 types1 & local conditions %\ld be plac$ fir/1 x seems to me4 ,9 ,sci5ce1 ,april #ae1 #aiaj1 !re appe>$ an op5 lett] writt5 by ,pr(essor ,b4 ,c4 ,gru5b]g ( ,de ,witt ,cl9ton ,s*ool1 ,new ,york1 along ! v l9es ,i h indicat$4 ,i quote a p>agraph3-- 8,we all "k t !re c be no true sci5ce t does n re/ solidly ^u facts4 ,b ! ?\ght mu/ (t5 occur to _m ( u t !re is "s dang]1 especially among ! y\ng] sci5ti/s1 t we may become obsess$ ) an exagg]at$ s5se ( ! value ( facts z su*4 ,is !re n too mu* emphasis laid by _m pr(essors 9 *>ge ( rese>* /ud5ts on ! m]e accumulation ( obs]vational1 /ati/ical1 or exp]im5tal facts1 ) too little att5tion to t side ( sci5ce :i* conc]ns itself ) ^? analytical & syn!tic processes t conv]t facts into valuable ideas8 ,x seems to me t ?is latt] k9d ( "w ne$s at ! pres5t "t at lea/ z mu* enc\ragem5t z ! o!r4 ,( c\rse1 !re is ! possibility = #8?9k+' to deg5]ate into pr(itless speculation2 b we are c]ta9ly z mu* 9 ne$ ( ! results ( ?9k+ ab\t ! facts already accumulat$ z we are ( m facts40 ,su* /udies z ^? ( ,pr(essor ,holmes on pott]y & qu>ries2 su* explorations z ,mr4 ,c4 ,b4 ,moore's 9 ! ,s\?2 ! "w done by ,volk & ,abbott 9 ,new ,j]sey1 :]e !y v c>efully set aside ! argillite & ! qu>tzite & *ipp$ implem5ts z f\nd 9 diff]5t places "u diff]5t conditions2 su* "w z ,pr(essor ,mills has done 9 ,ohio 9 diff]5tiat+ ! ,hopewell & ! ,=t ,anci5t culture1 are ?+s t w c\nt1 & works t w /&4 ,a surveyor %\ld measure m\nds1 numb] skeletons1 & draw plans4 ,! libr>ian %\ld read reports & compile /ati/ics1 b x requires a real ar*ologi/ to d ! "w t ,i h ref]r$ to above4 ,squi] & ,davis1 ^: 8,anci5t ,monum5ts ( ! ,mississippi ,valley0 may be ju/ly consid]$ our /&>d "w ^u ! m\nds1 n only explor$1 b !y drew conclusions :i*1 ) "h & !re an exception1 or a slight *ange1 w /& at ! pres5t "t4 ,= _m ye>s ,dr4 ,cyrus ,?omas us$ all ! trem5d\s en]gies ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology to dispute ! /atem5ts ( ^? h>d-work+1 pa9/ak+1 philosophical pione]s ,squi] & ,davis4 ,to-day we "k t ! culture !y describ$ is diff]5t f ! ,%awano1 ,*]okee1 or o!r cultures :i* ,?omas wi%$ to e/abli% 9 ! ,ohio ,valley4 ,! "w ( t di/+ui%$ citiz5 ( ,ill9ois1 ,george ,sell>s1 w be> comp>ison ) ! "w ( any o!r man s9ce 8 day 9 ! /udy ( *ipp$ fl9t objects1 & if any "o d\bts ! /atem5t let him read & pond] ^u ,sell>s's complete n>rative 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,report = #ahhe1 & !n read :at has be5 said s9ce by o!rs4 ,aside f ! te*nical /udy ( ,am]ican ar*ology1 !re is a c]ta9 *>m & fasc9ation 9 inve/igation ( ^! anci5t rema9s4 ,al?\gh x has be5 ?irty ye>s s9ce ,i f\nd my fir/ arr[-head1 ,i nev] cease to feel a ?rill ( pleasure :51 walk+ ab\t ! %ores ( lakes or /reams1 ,i happ5 to f9d "o ( ^! evid5ces ( ! real & ! simple life4 ,"o's m9d1 if he is incl9$ to dwell ^u prehi/oric times 9 ,am]ica1 naturally rev]ts to ! pa/ "u su* circum/ances1 & ,i close ?is "w ) a quotation f ,dr4 ,abbott's rec5t publication1 8,:5 z _m a day has drawn to its close1 :ile yet ,i l+]$ 9 ! field & e sign ( :ite man's indu/ry fad$ f view1 ! scatt]$ trees became aga9 a =e/1 ! cry ( ! c\g> & bleat ( ! fawn 7 he>d1 ! b>k ( ! fox & h[l+ ( ! wolf fill$ ! air1 a lurid light ( a camp-fire lit ! sky2 ! days ( ! ,indian _h return$1 nor did ! illusion pass away until homew>d b\nd1 my h& 0 on ! lat*40 ,,bibliography ,= obvi\s reasons ?is bibliography is n complete2 to make an exhau/ive catalogue ( ! titles deal+ ) ! /one age 9 ,am]ica w\ld require ! inclusion ( _m articles 9 out-(-!-way p]iodicals & newspap]s t are n[ lo/ or out ( pr9t2 9 ! next place1 if made complete1 ev5 )9 ! limits ( possibility1 su* a li/ w\ld require a sep>ate volume out ( all proportion to ! dim5sions ( ! pres5t "w4 ,9 view ( ^! facts1 !re=e1 ! attempt has be5 made1 fir/1 to give ! publications to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made 9 ! text2 second1 to pres5t a li/ ( g5]al works ( /&>d reputation1 mo/ ( :i* are provid$ ei!r ) indexes or tables ( cont5ts raisonns2 ?ird1 to give "s ( ! m important s]ies ( publications ( individual au?ors deal+ especially ) excavations ^: results are g]mane to ! matt] ( ! volumes2 & f\r?1 to set =? a classifi$ li/ ( ref]5ces by ! use ( :i* a /ud5t c at lea/ le>n some?+ ab\t ! desir$ subject & at ! same "t may receive sugge/ions z to ! me?ods & ! lit]ature necess>y to fur!r rese>*4 ,9 view ( ! *ange 9 ar*ological processes & op9ions t has (t5 occurr$ 9 a comp>atively %ort space ( "t1 ! arrangem5t ( ! titles is made z a :ole 9 *ronological ord]4 ,,g5]al ,,works ,catl91 ,g4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians4 ,new ,york4 #ahda4 ,squi]1 ,e4 ,g41 & ,davis1 ,e4 ,h4 ,anci5t ,monum5ts ( ! ,mississippi ,valley4 ,smi?sonian ,contributions to ,k1 ,i4 #ahdg4 ,squi]1 ,e4 ,g4 ,! ,s]p5t ,symbol4 ,new ,york4 #ahea4 ,baldw91 ,j4 ,d4 ,anci5t ,am]ica4 ,new ,york4 7#ahga47 ,fo/]1 ,j4 ,w4 ,prehi/oric ,races ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,*icago4 #ahgc4 ,jones1 ,c4 ,c4 ,antiquities ( ! ,s\!rn ,indians4 ,new ,york4 #ahgc4 ,abbott1 ,c4 ,c4 ,! ,/one ,age 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ahge1 pp4 #bdf-chj4 #ahge4 ,wyman1 ,j4 ,fre%-,wat] ,%ell ,m\nds ( ! ,/4 ,john's ,riv]1 ,florida4 ,peabody ,academy ( ,sci5ce1 ,f\r? ,memoir4 ,salem4 #ahge4 ,abbott1 ,c4 ,c4 ,paloli?ic ,implem5ts 9 ! ,valley ( ! ,delaw>e ,riv]4 ,peabody ,museum ,report1 #aj1 pp4 #cj ff4 #ahgg4 ,peabody ,museum ,report1 ,,ii1 pp4 #bbe ff4 #ahgh4 ,conant1 ,a4 ,j4 ,footpr9ts ( ,vani%$ ,races4 ,/4 ,l\is4 #ahgi4 ,mac,lean1 ,j4 ,p4 ,! ,m\nd ,build]s4 ,c9c9nati4 #ahgi4 ,ev]s1 ,e4 ,anci5t ,pott]y ( ,s\? ,ea/]n ,miss\ri4 ,/4 ,l\is ,academy ( ,sci5ce4 #ahhj4 ,%ort1 ,j4 ,t4 ,! ,nor? ,am]icans ( ,antiquity4 ,new ,york4 #ahhj4 ,:itney1 ,j4 ,d4 ,! ,aurif]\s ,gravels ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada ( ,cali=nia4 ,contributions to ,am]ican ,geology1 vol4 ,,ii4 ,cambridge4 #ahhj4 de ,nadaillec1 ,m>quis4 ,pre-,hi/oric ,am]ica4 ,translat$ by ,n4 ,d',anv]s4 ,new ,york4 #ahhd4 ,m]c]1 ,h4 ,c4 ,! ,l5ape ,/one4 ,new ,york4 #ahhe4 ,mc,adams4 ,records ( ,anci5t ,races4 ,/4 ,l\is4 #ahhg4 ,%eph]d1 ,h4 ,a4 ,antiquities ( ! ,/ate ( ,ohio4 ,c9c9nati4 #ahhg4 ,read1 ,m4 ,c4 ,ar*ology ( ,ohio4 ,clevel&4 ,wilson1 ,t4 ,paloli?ic ,p]iod ( ! ,/one ,age4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahhh1 pp4 #fgg ff4 #ahhh4 ,?ru/on1 ,g4 ,p4 ,antiquities ( ,t5nessee4 ,c9c9nati4 #ahij4 ,f[ke1 ,g4 ,/one ,art4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ac1 pp4 #eg ff4 #ahia-ib4 ,wilson1 ,t4 ,primitive ,indu/ry4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ahib1 pp4 #eba ff4 #ahib4 ,b]l91 ,a4 ,f4 ,lehigh ,isl& & its ,relics4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 #a1 ,jan41 #ahic1 pp4 #ac ff4 #ahic4 ,nord5skild1 ,g4 ,! ,cliff-,dwell]s ( ! ,mesa ,v]de4 ,/ockholm4 #ahic4 ,s*midt1 ,e4 ,vorges*i*te ,nordam]ikas4 ,brauns*weig4 #ahid4 ,wilson1 ,t4 ,! ,swa/ika4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahid1 pp4 #gfc ff4 #ahid4 ,prehi/oric ,art4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahif1 pp4 #cbe ff4 #ahif4 ,arr[-,po9ts1 ,spe>-,po9ts1 & ,knives4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahig1 ,i1 pp4 #haa ff4 #ahig4 ,?omas1 ,c4 ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,ar*ology4 ,c9c9nati4 #ahih4 ,dell5baugh1 ,f4 ,s4 ,! ,nor? ,am]icans ( ,ye/]day4 ,new ,york4 #aija4 ,f[ke1 ,g4 ,ar*ological ,hi/ory ( ,ohio4 ,columbus4 #aijb4 ,lewis1 ,a4 ,b4 ,tribes ( ! ,columbia ,valley & ! ,coa/ ( ,wa%+ton & ,oregon4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #adg ff4 ,index & ,bibliography4 #aije-aijg4 ,abbott1 ,c4 ,c4 ,ar*ologia ,nova ,cs>ea4 ,?ree ,pamphlets4 ,tr5ton4 #aijg-h4 ,mills1 ,w4 ,c4 ,c]ta9 ,m\nds & ,village ,sites 9 ,ohio4 ,vol4 ,i1 #aijg4 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,"p #a1 #aiji4 ,b>rett1 ,s4 ,a4 ,! ,e?no-,geography ( ! ,pomo & ,neighbor+ ,indians4 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia ,publications 9 ,am]ican ,ar*ology & ,e?nology1 vol4 #f1 no4 #a4 ,bibliography & ,map4 #aijh4 ,r&all1 ,e4 ,o4 ,! ,ma/]pieces ( ! ,ohio ,m\nd ,build]s4 ,columbus4 ,boas ,anniv]s>y ,volume4 ,new ,york4 #aijf4 ,putnam ,anniv]s>y ,volume4 ,new ,york4 #aiji4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,see la/ pages ( ,bibliography = titles4 ,,works ,,m ,,purely ,,( ,,g5]al ,,ref]5ce de ,mortillet1 ,g4 & ,a4 ,muse ,prhi/orique4 ,p>is4 #ahha4 ,evans1 ,sir ,john4 ,anci5t ,/one ,implem5ts ( ,great ,brita94 ,london4 #ahig4 ,hodge1 ,f4 ,w4 ,h&book ( ,am]ican ,indians ,nor? ( ,mexico4 ,"p ,i4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 no4 #cj1 "p ,i4 #aijg4 ,=r]1 ,r4 ,reallexikon d] ,prhi/oris*51 ,klassis*5 und ,frh*ri/li*5 ,alt]tm]4 ,b]l9 & ,/uttg>t4 #aijg4 ,s*lemm1 ,j4 ,wrt]bu* zur ,vorges*i*te4 ,b]l94 #aijh4 ,d*elette1 ,j4 ,manuel d',ar*ologie1 ,i4 ,p>is4 #aijh4 ,,s]ial ,,ref]5ces ,,to ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,individuals ,boyle1 ,d4 ,comp>e ! ,ar*ological ,reports ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,ont>io1 be+ p>ts ( ! ,app5dices ( ! ,reports ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,education ( ,ont>io4 ,toronto1 f #ahhg4 ,beau*amp1 ,w4 ,m4 ,aborig9al ,*ipp$ ,/one ,implem5ts ( ,new ,york4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 vol4 #d1 no4 #af4 #ahig4 ,poli%$ ,/one ,articles us$ by ! ,new ,york ,aborig9es4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 vol4 #d1 no4 #ah4 #ahig4 ,e>!nw>e ( ! ,new ,york ,aborig9es4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 vol4 #e1 no4 #bb4 #ahih4 ,aborig9al ,occupation ( ,new ,york4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 vol4 #g1 no4 #cb4 #aijj4 ,wampum & ,%ell ,articles us$ by ! ,new ,york ,indians4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 vol4 #h1 no4 #da4 #aija4 ,horn & ,bone ,implem5ts ( ! ,new ,york ,indians4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 no4 #ej4 #aijb4 ,metallic ,implem5ts ( ! ,new ,york ,indians4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 no4 #ee4 #aijb4 ,metallic ,ornam5ts ( ! ,new ,york ,indians4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 no4 #gc1 ,ar*ology #h4 #aijc4 ,p]* ,lake ,m\nds4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 no4 #hg1 ,ar*ology #aj4 #aije4 ,aborig9al ,use ( ,wood 9 ,new ,york4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 no4 #hi1 ,ar*ology #aa4 #aije4 ,aborig9al ,place ,names ( ,new ,york4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 no4 #ajh1 ,ar*ology #ab4 #aijg4 ,civil1 ,religi\s1 & ,m\rn+ ,c\ncils1 & ! ,c]emonies ( ,adoption ( ! ,new ,york ,indians4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 no4 #aac1 ,ar*ology #ac4 #aijg4 ,erie ,village & ,burial ,sites4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 no4 #aag1 ,ar*ology #ad4 #aijg4 ,mills1 ,w4 ,c4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ ref]5ces to ! ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly3 ,vol4 ,,viii1 pp4 #cji ff4 ,field-,"w4 ,vol4 ,,xiii1 pp4 #abi ff4 ,g>tn] ,m\nd & ,site4 ,vol4 ,,xv1 pp4 #de ff4 ,baum ,site4 ,vol4 ,,xvi1 pp4 #aac ff4 ,h>ness ,m\nd4 ,vol4 ,,xviii1 pp4 #bfi ff4 ,seip ,m\nd4 ,moore1 ,c4 ,b4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ ref]5ces to ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 ,philadelphia3 ,c]ta9 ,s& ,m\nds ( ! ,/4 ,john's ,riv]1 ,fla4 ,"p ,i4 #ahid4 ,c]ta9 ,s& ,m\nds ( ! ,/4 ,john's ,riv]1 ,florida4 ,"p ,,ii4 #ahid4 ,c]ta9 ,riv] ,m\nds ( ,duval ,c\nty1 ,fla4 ,two ,s& ,m\nds on ,murphy ,isl&1 ,fla4 ,c]ta9 ,s& ,m\nds ( ! ,ocklawaha ,riv]1 ,fla4 #ahie4 ,c]ta9 ,s& ,m\nds ( ! ,georgia ,coa/4 #ahig4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,m\nds ( ! ,coa/ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,m\nds ( ! ,savannah ,riv]4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,m\nds ( ! ,altamaha ,riv]4 ,rec5t ,acquisitions4 ,a ,ca*e ( ,p5dant ,ornam5ts4 #ahih4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,rema9s ( ! ,alabama ,riv]4 #ahii4 ,c]ta9 ,antiquities ( ! ,florida ,we/ ,coa/4 #aijj4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,rema9s ( ! ,nor? ,we/ ,florida ,coa/4 ,"p ,i4 #aija4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,rema9s ( ! ,nor? ,we/ ,florida ,coa/4 ,"p ,,ii4 #aijb4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,rema9s ( ! ,tombigbee ,riv]4 #aija4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,m\nds ( ,florida ,c5tral ,we/ ,coa/4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,m\nds ( ! ,apala*icola ,riv]4 #aijc4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,rema9s ( ! ,black ,w>rior ,riv]4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,rema9s ( ! ,l[] ,tombigbee ,riv]4 ,c]ta9 ,aborig9al ,rema9s ( ,mobile ,bay & ,mississippi ,s\nd4 ,miscellane\s ,inve/igations 9 ,florida4 #aije4 ,m\ndville ,revisit$4 ,cry/al ,riv] ,revisit$4 ,m\nds ( ! ,l[] ,*attahoo*ee & ,l[] ,fl9t ,riv]s4 ,notes ( ! ,t5 ,?\s& ,isl&s1 ,florida4 #aijg4 ,c]ta9 ,m\nds ( ,arkansas & ,mississippi4 #aijh4 ,antiquities ( ! ,oua*ita ,valley4 #aiji4 ,,bibliography ,,by ,,subjects ,,adobe4 ,hodge1 ,f4 ,w4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #bfe4 #ahie4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #cjb4 #ahig4 7,adobe balls47 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 n4 s41 p4 #bje4 #aije4 ,,adzes4 ,crosby1 ,h4 ,a4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*ologi/1 ,july1 #aijc1 pp4 #ia ff4 8,! ,triangul> ,/one ,adze40 #aijc4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 pp4 #bih ff4 #aijf4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 pp4 #bif ff4 8,new ,engl&40 #aijg4 ,,agricultural ,,implem5ts4 ,rau1 ,c4 ,ar*4 fr ,an?ropologie1 vol4 #ad1 pp4 #a-i4 ,a g5]al pap]4 #ahgj4 ,williams1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 ,july1 #ahih1 pp4 #agg-h4 #ahih4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 pp4 #abi-acj4 8,new ,engl&40 #aijf4 ,,alt>s4 ,putnam1 ,f4 ,w4 ,kansas ,city ,review1 vol4 ,,vii1 no4 #a1 pp4 #cb ff4 ,ohio4 #ahhc4 ,gordon1 ,g4 ,b4 ,memoirs ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 ,i1 #a1 p4 #ae4 ,copan1 ,honduras4 #ahif4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #abi4 ,tusayan1 #ahig4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 n4 s41 p4 #bae4 #aija4 ,mal]1 ,t4 ,memoirs ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 ,,iv1 nos4 #a & #b4 ,guatemala4 #aijh4 ,,amulets4 ,b\rke1 ,j4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #fa4 #ahij4 ,wilson1 ,t4 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,folk-,lore1 #ahia1 pp4 #add-f4 #ahia4 ,bellucci ,collection4 ,f>r+ton1 ,o4 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,folk-,lore1 #aijj1 pp4 #aii ff4 #aijj4 ,h\gh1 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #aija1 p4 #cdd4 ,arizona4 #aija4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 n4 s41 p4 #fgi4 ,we/ ,indies4 #aijc4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 vol4 #be1 p4 #ach4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijc-d4 ,hamy1 ,e4 ,t4 ,j\rnal de la ,socit des ,amricani/es de ,p>is1 n4 s4 #b1 pp4 #cbc ff4 #aije4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,see ,sci5ce1 ,oct4 #bi1 #aiji1 pp4 #fac1 ff4 ,ont>io4 #aiji4 ,see ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 n4 s41 p4 #dgj4 #aiji4 ,,an*or ,,/ones4 ,rau1 ,c4 ,prehi/oric ,fi%+1 pp4 #id & #aib4 #ahhd4 ,,anklets4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,primitive ,man 9 ,ohio1 p4 #aaj4 #ahib4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 pl4 ,,xxxiv4 ,nor? ,dakota4 #aijf4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 p4 #cg4 ,manitoba4 #aijh4 ,,argillite4 ,abbott1 ,c4 ,c4 ,ar*ologia ,nova ,cs>ea1 etc4 7,(t547 ,,arr[s4 ,van ,epps1 ,p4 ,m4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 #ahhj1 p4 #eg4 ,new ,york4 #ahhj4 ,rau1 ,c4 ,prehi/oric ,fi%+1 pp4 #ef1 #hc1 & #bic4 #ahhd4 ,nissley1 ,j4 ,r4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 #ahhf1 p4 #cja4 ,ohio & ,ill9ois4 #ahhf4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 #ahhi1 pp4 #bdi ff4 ,mi*igan4 #ahhi4 ,murdo*4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #fd4 ,glass ,arr[s4 #ahij4 ,b\rke1 ,j4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #ef4 ,apa*e4 #ahij4 ,mason1 ,holmes1 ,h(fman1 ,h\gh1 ,wilson1 ,fl9t1 ,b\rke4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 pp4 #de ff4 ,a symposium4 #ahia4 ,dorsey1 ,j4 ,o4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ac1 p4 #bhf4 ,omaha4 #ahia-b4 ,h(fman4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ad1 pp4 #bge ff4 ,m5om9ee4 #ahib-ic4 ,h(fman4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #ci4 ,poison$ ,arr[s4 #ahic4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ae1 plates ,,xxxii-,,xlvii4 #ahic-id4 ,waddell1 ,l4 ,a4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 p4 #id4 #ahie4 ,cu%+1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 pp4 #cjg ff4 ,b[s & ,arr[s4 #ahie4 ,wilson1 ,t4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahif1 pp4 #cbe ff4 8,prehi/oric ,art40 #ahif4 ,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ah1 p4 #afa4 ,eskimo4 #ahif-ig4 ,snyd]1 ,j4 ,f4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #bca4 #ahig4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ai1 p4 #bf4 ,di/ribution4 #ahig4 ,wilson1 ,t4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahig1 ,i1 pp4 #haa ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahig4 ,poole1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 p4 #de4 #ahih4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 n4 s41 p4 #dca4 ,antl]-po9t$ ,arr[s4 #aija4 ,wilson1 ,t4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 n4 s41 pp4 #eac ff4 #aija4 ,l',an?ropologie1 #ab1 pp4 #efh ff4 ,a classification4 #aija4 ,willi/on4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,am]icani/s1 p4 #cce4 ,kansas4 #aijb4 ,moore1 ,c4 ,b4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,am]icani/s1 p4 #dj4 ,florida4 #aijb4 ,dorsey1 ,g4 ,a4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 n4 s41 p4 #fdd4 #aijc4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #adb4 ,briti% ,columbia4 #aijc4 ,dorsey1 ,g4 ,a4 ,publications1 #ii4 ,field ,columbian ,museum1 pp4 #a ff4 ,*ey5ne4 #aije4 ,note4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #bi1 p4 #aad4 #aijg4 ,h]rmann1 ,r4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 pp4 #gi ff4 ,upp] ,mississippi ,valley4 #aijg4 ,w9*ell1 ,n4 ,h4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 p4 #aej4 #aijg4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 ,,ix1 n4 s41 p4 #abe4 #aijg4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 #aijg1 pp4 #fe ff4 #aijg4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #cj1 pp4 #bei ff4 #aijh4 ,sp9d51 ,h4 ,j4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 vol4 ,,ii1 pt4 #c1 p4 #bbg4 ,nez ,p]c4 #aijh4 ,/raley1 ,w4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijh1 p4 #bfc4 ,nebraska4 #aijh4 ,,arr[-,,%aft ,,/raight5]s4 ,ehr5rei*1 ,p4 ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 #aijj1 ,i1 pp4 #ae & #bd4 ,ohio & ,cali=nia4 #aijj4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ag1 #c4 p4 #acd4 ,cali=nia4 #aije4 ,,art4 ,:ittlesey1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #c1 p4 #ac4 ,e?nography4 #ahhj4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #b1 pp4 #agi ff4 ,art 9 ,%ell4 #ahhj-ha4 ,report ( ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #d1 pp4 #dcg ff4 ,c]amics4 #ahhb-hc4 ,transactions ( ! ,an?ropological ,society1 ,wa%+ton1 vol4 #b1 pp4 #id ff4 ,%ell4 #ahhc4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #f1 pp4 #aie ff4 ,textile ,art4 #ahhd-he4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #f1 pp4 #ac ff4 ,*iriqui4 #ahhd-he4 ,putnam1 ,f4 ,w4 ,bullet9s ( ! ,essex ,in/itute1 vol4 ,,xviii1 pp4 #aee ff4 ,conv5tionalization4 #ahhg4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ac1 pp4 #i ff4 ,textile ,art4 #ahia-ib4 ,f[ke1 ,g4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ac1 pp4 #di ff4 ,/one ,art4 #ahia-ib4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 #ahic1 p4 #cjg4 ,/one ,art4 #ahic4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 #ahic1 pp4 #bia ff4 ,! ,processes4 #ahic4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ae1 pp4 #a ff4 ,! ,potomac ,region4 #ahic-id4 ,putnam & ,will\ghby4 ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 ,,xliv1 pp4 #cjb ff4 #ahif4 ,wilson1 ,t4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahif1 pp4 #cbe ff4 #ahif4 ,boas1 ,f4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,,ix1 pp4 #abc ff4 ,nor? ,pacific ,indians4 #ahig4 ,wilson1 ,t4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 pp4 #bha ff4 #ahih4 ,wissl]1 ,c4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,am]icani/s1 p4 #cdj4 #aijb4 ,boas1 ,f4 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 vol4 ,,lxiii1 p4 #dha ff4 #aijc4 ,wissl]1 ,c4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 #aijd1 pp4 #bca ff4 ,si\x4 #aijd4 ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #b1 #c1 p4 #aei4 ,cali=nia4 #aijd-jg4 ,gordon1 ,g4 ,b4 ,transactions ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 vol4 #a1 #c1 pp4 #acb ff4 ,s]p5t ,motive4 #aije4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,boas ,anniv]s>y ,volume1 pp4 #agi ff4 #aijf4 ,sp9d51 ,h4 ,j4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 vol4 #b1 #c1 p4 #bcc4 ,nez ,p]c4 #aijh4 ,,atlatls4 ,bahnson1 ,k4 ,ar*iv fr ,e?nographie1 vol4 #b1 pp4 #bag ff4 ,s\? ,am]ica4 #ahhi4 ,sel]1 ,e4 ,ar*iv fr ,e?nographie1 vol4 #c1 pp4 #acg ff4 ,mexico4 #ahij4 ,r9k1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 p4 #bgd4 ,alaska4 #ahia4 ,nuttall1 ,z4 ,ar*ological & ,e?nological ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #a1 no4 #c1 pp4 #afi ff4 #ahia4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 p4 #ff4 ,cali=nia4 #ahib4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 pp4 #bcj ff4 ,utah4 #ahid4 ,peabody1 ,c4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #c1 no4 #b1 p4 #ej4 ,mississippi4 #aijd4 ,bu%nell1 ,d4 ,i4 ,jr4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 n4 s41 p4 #bah4 #aije4 ,,axes4 ,/ev5son1 ,j4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #b1 pp4 #cge ff4 ,walpi4 #ahhj-ha4 ,d\glass1 ,a4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 #ahhj-ha1 pp4 #ajj ff4 ,florida4 #ahhj-ha4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 pp4 #aff ff4 #ahib4 ,fi%]1 ,a4 ,w4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #ge4 #ahie4 ,laidlaw1 ,g4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ai1 pp4 #fh ff4 ,ont>io4 #ahig4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ba1 p4 #ajj4 ,cliff-,dwell]4 #ahii4 ,pet]son1 ,c4 ,a4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijc1 p4 #bg4 ,miss\ri4 #aijc4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijc1 p4 #cea4 ,i[a4 #aijc4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #bh1 p4 #bbg4 #aijf4 ,w9*ell1 ,n4 ,h4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 p4 #ade4 #aijg4 ,gesn]1 ,a4 ,t4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijh1 p4 #bdc4 ,m9nesota4 #aijh4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 p4 #fcc4 #aijh4 ,,bann]-,,/ones4 ,f\nta91 ,g4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #ahf4 #ahih4 ,williams1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 pp4 #bja ff4 #ahih4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ai1 p4 #bf4 ,di/ribution4 #ahig4 ,rob9son1 ,c4 ,h4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 #aijh1 p4 #acd4 #aijh4 ,,basalt4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 p4 #afi4 #ahib4 ,,basketry4 ,swan1 ,j4 ,g4 ,smi?sonian ,contributions1 ,,xvi1 p4 #de4 ,cape ,flatt]y4 #ahgj4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 #ahhi1 p4 #cdc4 ,nor? ,dakota4 #ahhi4 ,mat!ws1 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 p4 #bjb4 ,navajo4 #ahid4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #b1 n4 s41 pp4 #bff ff4 #aijj4 ,f>r&1 ,l4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 pp4 #cia ff4 ,sali%an4 #aijj4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,an?ropological ,/udies 9 ,cali=nia1 pp4 #aee ff4 #aijj4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bb1 pt4 #a1 p4 #ih4 ,pueblo4 #aijj-ja4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 n4 s41 pp4 #aji ff4 #aija4 ,/ev5son1 ,m4 ,c4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bc1 p4 #cgc4 ,zui4 #aija-jb4 ,pepp]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 ,,ii1 no4 #d1 ,suppl4 p4 #bb4 ,utah4 #aijb4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #aijb1 pp4 #aga-edh4 ,a g5]al pap]4 #aijb4 ,emmons1 ,g4 ,t4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 ,,iii1 ,an?ropology ,,ii1 pp4 #bbi4 #aijc4 ,godd>d1 ,p4 ,l4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #a1 no4 #a1 p4 #ch4 ,hupa4 #aijc-jd4 ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #b1 no4 #d1 pp4 #ajf ff4 #aijd-jg4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ag1 ,pt4 #c1 pp4 #ade ff4 #aije4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 pp4 #fdd ff4 ,dakota4 #aijf4 ,note4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #bi1 pp4 #afh ff4 #aijg4 ,speck1 ,f4 ,d4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #b1 p4 #aji4 ,creek4 #aijg4 ,transactions ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #b1 p4 #afj4 ,osage4 ,h\gh1 ,w4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ce1 p4 #bd4 ,s\?-,we/]n ,culture4 #aijg4 ,note4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #cj1 p4 #cec4 #aijh4 ,h>r+ton1 ,m4 ,r4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #daj4 ,l5ape4 #aijh4 ,b>rett1 ,s4 ,a4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #g1 no4 #c1 pp4 #acf ff4 ,pomo4 #aijh4 ,kissell1 ,m4 ,l4 ,sci5ce1 ,dec4 #bd1 #aiji1 p4 #icc4 ,classification4 #aiji4 ,speck1 ,f4 ,g4 ,an?ropological ,publications1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 vol4 #a1 no4 #a1 p4 #ca4 ,yu*i4 #aiji4 ,,beads4 ,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #ajd4 #ahij4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ad1 p4 #fa4 #ahib4 ,h(fman1 ,w4 ,j4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ad1 p4 #bfg4 #ahib-ic4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #eb4 ,mi*igan4 #ahic4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #be1 p4 #ajh4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijc-jd4 ,ri*mond1 ,j4 ,f4 ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly1 #aijg1 p4 #ddh4 ,florida4 #aijg4 ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 ,,viii1 #b1 p4 #fc4 ,cahuilla ,indians4 #aijh4 ,,bird-,,/ones4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,! ,bird/one ,c]emonial4 ,a g5]al discussion4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #h1 i1 pp4 #e ff4 ,wiscons94 #aiji4 ,,blankets4 ,pepp]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,! ,mak+ ( a ,navajo ,blanket4 ,new ,york4 #aijb4 ,,bobb9s4 ,b]l91 ,a4 ,f4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #agb4 #ahig4 ,,bodk9s4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,g4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahid1 pp4 #fbc ff4 ,primitive ,drill+4 #ahid4 ,,bone ,,& ,,bone ,,implem5ts4 ,rau1 ,c4 ,prehi/oric ,fi%+1 pp4 #g1 #ac1 #df1 #abj1 etc4 #ahhd4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,=t ,anci5t1 p4 #dc4 #ahij4 ,h[e1 ,g4 ,l4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bed4 ,cali=nia4 #ahid4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology4 ,*icago1 p4 #gc1 #ahid4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,,ii1 ,an?ropology1 ,i1 no4 ,,iii1 p4 #acd4 #ahii4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bb1 ,i1 p4 #ic4 ,pueblo4 #aijj-ja4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 n4 s41 p4 #aba4 ,p]=ators4 #aija4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 n4 s41 p4 #abj4 ,indian ,t]ritory4 #aijb4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #d1 p4 #aga4 7,an?ropology1 ,,iii1 ,,iv47 ,briti% ,columbia4 #aijc4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #be1 p4 #aib4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijc-jd4 ,peabody1 ,c41 & ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,bullet9 ( ,phillips ,academy1 ,i1 p4 #ah4 ,jacobs ,cav]n1 ,miss\ri4 #aijd4 ,peabody1 ,c4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #c1 #b1 p4 #ej4 ,mississippi4 #aijd4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 #aijd1 p4 #aig4 ,wa%+ton1 ,/ate4 #aijd4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ag1 pt4 #c1 p4 #adj4 ,cali=nia4 #aije4 ,s9clair1 ,w1 ,j4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #b1 ,i1 p4 #ab4 ,pott] ,creek ,cave4 #aijd-jg4 ,w9temb]g1 ,w4 ,j4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aije1 p4 #bga4 ,attiw&>ons4 #aije4 ,gesn]1 ,a4 ,t4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aije1 p4 #cff4 ,m&ans4 #aije4 ,w1 ,g4 ,f41 & ,sp9d51 ,h4 ,j4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #c1 pt4 #d1 p4 #agb4 ,m&ans4 #aijf4 ,gordon1 ,g4 ,b4 ,transactions ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 vol4 #b1 ,i1 p4 #ajc4 ,ohio4 #aijf4 ,m]riam1 ,j4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 pp4 #bbd4 ,caves ( ,cali=nia4 #aijf4 ,putnam1 ,f4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 pp4 #bbi ff4 ,caves ( ,cali=nia4 #aijf4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 p4 #fdh4 ,dakota4 #aijf4 ,boas1 ,f4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ae1 pt4 #b1 pp4 #chc ff41 & frequ5tly4 #aijg4 ,b>b\r1 ,e4 ,h4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 pp4 #dd ff4 #aijg4 ,w9*ell1 ,n4 ,h4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 p4 #aef4 ,nebraska ,loess4 #aijg4 ,h\gh1 ,w4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ce1 p4 #bc4 ,s\? ,we/4 #aijg4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 #aijg1 p4 #fh4 ,wiscons9 ,ca*es4 #aijg4 ,sp9d51 ,h4 ,j4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #c1 p4 #ahi4 ,nez ,p]c4 #aijh4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,phillips ,academy1 ,&ov]1 #d1 p4 #ih4 ,=t ,anci5t4 #aijh4 ,l[ie1 ,r4 ,h4 ,an?ropological ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #b1 p4 #agc4 ,nor!rn ,%o%one4 #aiji4 ,,b[ls4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #d1 pp4 #beg ff4 ,pueblo4 #ahhb-hc4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #d1 pp4 #cfj ff4 ,mississippi ,valley4 #ahhb-hc4 ,smy?1 ,s4 ,g4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aije1 p4 #cdj4 ,p5nsylvania4 #aije4 ,w1 ,g4 ,f41 & ,sp9d51 ,h4 ,j4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #c1 #d1 p4 #aaf4 ,m&ans4 #aijf4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,phillips ,academy1 ,&ov]1 no4 #c1 pp4 #dg ff4 ,*aco4 #aijf4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 pp4 #dbc ff4 ,wood5 ,b[ls ( ! ,algonqu9s4 #aijh4 ,,b[s ,,& ,,arr[s4 7,see also "u ,,arr[s47 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ahic1 pp4 #fca ff4 ,g5]al ,nor? ,am]ican discussion4 #ahic4 ,frisb91 ,j4 ,s4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #gj4 #ahic4 ,knight1 ,e4 ,h4 ,a ,/udy ( ,savage ,weapons1 p4 #gd4 ,godd>d1 ,p4 ,e4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #a1 #a1 p4 #cb4 ,hupa4 #aijc-jd4 ,mylius1 ,e4 ,ar*iv fr ,an?ropologie1 ,n4 ,f4 ,,iii1 pp4 #bai ff4 ,! ,!ory4 #aije4 ,gordon1 ,g4 ,b4 ,transactions ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 vol4 #b1 pt4 ,i1 p4 #gi4 ,eskimo4 #aijf4 ,wissl]1 ,c4 ,an?ropological ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 ,i1 pt4 #b1 p4 #ej4 ,! ,m$ic9e ,b[4 #aijg4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 p4 #ha4 ,virg9ia4 #aijg4 ,sapir1 ,e4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 p4 #bgb4 ,oregon4 #aijg4 ,h>r+ton1 ,m4 ,r4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #dad4 #aijh4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #bac4 ,cali=nia4 #aijh4 ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,an?ropological ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 ,i1 pt4 #d1 p4 #aej4 #aijh4 ,sp>kman1 ,p4 ,s4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #h1 #d1 p4 #bje4 ,luiseo4 #aijh4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #cj1 p4 #bfa4 #aijh4 ,l[ie1 ,r4 ,h4 ,an?ropological ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #b1 p4 #aib4 ,%o%one4 #aiji4 ,,bracelets4 ,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ah1 p4 #eh4 ,eskimo4 #ahif-ig4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 p4 #fdf4 ,dakota4 #aijf4 ,,buffalo4 ,all51 9 ,memoirs ( ! ,geological ,survey ( ,k5tucky1 ,i1 pt4 ,,ii4 #ahgf4 ,*itt5d54 ,fur ,trade4 #aijb4 ,hornaday1 9 ,report ( ! ,national ,museum1 #ahhg1 #ahhi4 ,alv> ,nunez ,cabea de ,vaca1 ,relation (4 ,b4 ,smi?1 translator4 #ahga4 ,w9%ip4 ,coronado ,exp$ition1 #ad? ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology4 #ahif4 ,,buffalo ,,hair4 ,bu%nell1 ,d4 ,i41 ,jr4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 n4 s41 p4 #dja4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #aiji4 ,,burials4 ,y>r[1 ,h4 ,c4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 ,i1 pp4 #hi ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahgi-hj4 ,bahnson1 ,k4 ,a>b4 f4 ,nord4 ,old4 og ,hi/4 #ahhb4 ,discussion on ,am]ica1 pp4 #abe ff4 #ahhb4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 #ahhi1 p4 #cdc4 #ahhi4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 pp4 #fdj1 #fda1 #fdb4 #aijf4 ,toronto ,globe1 ,augu/ #c1 #ahgh4 ,moore1 ,c4 ,b4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,am]icani/s1 p4 #bh4 #aijb4 ,peabody1 ,c4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #c1 #b1 p4 #bd4 ,mississippi4 #aijd4 ,moore1 ,c4 ,b4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #f1 n4 s41 p4 #ffj4 ,urn-burial4 #aijd4 ,mills1 ,w4 ,c4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijf1 p4 #cdh4 ,ohio4 #aijf4 ,pepp]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,anci5t ,basket ,mak]s ( ,s\? ,we/]n ,utah1 pp4 #e-g4 ,g>dn]1 ,w4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ca1 p4 #gh4 ,nebraska4 #aiji4 ,,ca*es4 7,also1 see ,,discs47 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ae1 p4 #gi4 ,potomac-,*esapeake ,prov9ce4 #ahic-id4 ,volk1 ,e4 ,memoirs ( ! ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology1 ,*icago1 pp4 #adj ff4 ,new ,j]sey4 #ahid4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aije1 pp4 #hb1 ff4 ,wiscons94 #aije4 8,! ,implem5t ,ca*es ( ! ,wiscons9 ,indians40 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #f1 no4 #b1 pp4 #dg ff4 #aijg4 ,,cal5d> ,,/one4 ,blake1 ,w4 ,w4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijc1 p4 #af4 #aijc4 ,,c>ry+ ,,indu/ry4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 #ahhi1 pp4 #ba ff4 #ahhi4 ,,c>v+s4 ,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #b1 pp4 #abc ff4 #ahhj-ha4 ,,catl9ite4 ,br[]4 8,kansas ,explorations10 pp4 #cc & #fd4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 pp4 #afh & #agc4 #ahib4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 p4 #fde4 ,dakota4 #aijf4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 pp4 #cf & #ci4 ,manitoba & ,saskat*ewan4 #aijh4 ,,celts4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #f1 p4 #cj4 ,*iriqui4 #ahhd-he4 ,pr\dfit1 ,s4 ,v4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #ccg4 ,potomac ,region4 #ahhh4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #a1 no4 #f1 p4 #dc4 ,ma9e4 #ahih4 ,williams1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 pp4 #adg-dh4 #ahih4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,miscellane\s ,collections ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 vol4 #de1 p4 #ajf4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijc4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #f1 n4 s41 p4 #eie4 ,cuba4 #aijd4 ,squi]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 #aije1 p4 #cc4 ,wiscons94 #aije4 ,ri*mond1 ,j4 ,f4 ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly1 vol4 #af1 p4 #ddh4 ,florida4 #aijg4 ,,c]emonials4 ,wel*1 ,l4 ,b41 & ,ri*>dson1 ,j4 ,m4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #d1 pp4 #dc ff4 ,ohio4 #ahha4 ,williams1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #ahb4 #ahih4 ,w>d1 ,h4 ,l4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,wiscons9 ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,oct41 #aijf1 p4 #afj4 ,mi*igan4 #aijf4 ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,an?ropological ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #a1 pt4 #d1 p4 #bfh4 ,gros ,v5tre4 #aijh4 ,nom5clature ,report4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 n4 s41 pp4 #aad ff4 #aiji4 ,,*>m-,,/ones4 ,yates1 ,l4 ,c4 ,report ( ,smi?sonian ,in/itution #ahhf1 pt4 #a1 pp4 #bif ff4 #ahhf4 ,,*isels4 ,c>r1 ,l41 & ,%al]1 ,n4 ,s4 ,prehi/oric ,rema9s ( ,k5tucky1 p4 #ah4 #ahgf4 ,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ah1 p4 #hf4 ,eskimo4 #ahif-ig4 ,laidlaw1 ,g4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ai1 pp4 #fh ff4 ,ont>io4 #ahig4 ,,*isels4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #d1 p4 #afb4 ,briti% ,columbia4 #aijc4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 p4 #gg4 ,virg9ia4 #aijg4 ,,*ipp$ ,,artifacts4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 p4 #cei4 ,briti% ,columbia4 #aiji4 ,,clay4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 p4 #fdf4 ,dakota4 #aijf4 ,,clubs4 ,knight1 ,e4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ahgi1 p4 #bad4 #ahgi4 ,,combs4 ,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ah1 p4 #eg4 ,eskimo4 #ahif-ig4 ,laidlaw1 ,g4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahii1 p4 #af4 #ahii4 ,?albitz]1 ,w4 ,m$delels] on ,grnl&1 vol4 ,,xxviii pp4 #dfg ff4 ,ea/ ,gre5l&4 #aiji4 ,,cones4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 #aiji1 pp4 #aci ff4 ,wiscons94 #aiji4 ,,copp]4 ,atwat]1 ,c4 ,ar*ologia ,am]icana1 pp4 #afb1 etc4 #ahbj4 ,putnam1 ,f4 ,w4 ,ar*ological ,explorations 9 ,t5nessee1 p4 #cjg4 #ahgh4 ,s*midt1 ,e4 ,ar*iv fr ,an?ropologie1 vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #fe ff4 ,nor? ,am]ica4 #ahgi4 ,butl]1 ,j4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #c1 p4 #cc4 #ahhj4 ,lewis1 ,t4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #aa1 p4 #bic4 #ahhi4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 #ahhi1 p4 #cdd4 #ahhi4 ,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #ajc4 #ahij4 ,pack>d1 ,r4 ,l4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ae1 pp4 #fg & #aeb4 #ahic4 ,?omas1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,ar*ology1 p4 #aji4 #ahih4 ,hamilton4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #aeh4 #ahih4 ,laidlaw1 ,g4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ba1 p4 #hc4 ,ont>io4 #ahii4 ,la?rop1 ,j4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #bc1 p4 #bdh4 #aija4 ,hamilton1 ,h4 ,p4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 ,i1 #c1 pp4 #g ff4 #aija4 ,moore1 ,c4 ,b4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology1 ,*icago1 pp4 #bg ff4 #aijb4 ,mac,lean1 ,j4 ,p4 ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly1 vol4 #ab1 p4 #eg4 #aijc4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly1 vol4 #ab1 p4 #cag4 #aijc4 ,mc,guire1 ,moore1 ,putnam1 ,will\ghby1 ,moorehead1 etc4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 no4 #a1 n4 s4 ,a symposium4 #aijc4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #c1 pp4 #di ff4 ,implem5ts4 #aijd4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #c1 pp4 #aja ff4 ,ornam5ts4 #aijd4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 p4 #fdd4 #aijf4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #cf4 #aijh4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #bh1 pp4 #bac ff4 #aijf4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #f1 pp4 #bj ff4 #aijf-jg4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 pp4 #gc ff4 #aijg4 ,mead1 ,c4 ,w4 ,p]uvian ,mummies1 p4 #ae4 #aijg4 ,,copp] ,,tablets4 ,?omas1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 p4 #bde4 #ahia4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 p4 #age4 #ahib4 ,?ru/on1 ,g4 ,p4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ad1 p4 #if4 #ahib4 ,,cradles4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahhg1 pp4 #afa ff4 #ahhg4 ,,cup-,,/ones4 ,rau1 ,c4 ,9 ,contributions to ,nor? ,am]ican ,e?nology1 vol4 #e1 #ahhb4 7,u4 ,s4 ,geog4 & ,geol4 ,survey ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,region47 ,f\nta91 ,g4 ,h4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #bgb4 #ahig4 ,lauba*1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #ahe4 #ahih4 ,ivey1 ,h4 ,j4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #df4 #ahih4 ,/ilwell1 ,l4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih p4 #ea4 #ahih4 ,,discs4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #b1 pp4 #bfg ff4 #ahhj-ha4 ,snyd]1 ,j4 ,f4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 #ahic1 p4 #aha4 #ahic4 ,moorehead4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #ci4 #ahih4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,miscellane\s ,collections ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #de1 p4 #abe4 ,we/ ,indies4 #aijd4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 n4 s41 p4 #baj4 #aije4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 p4 #cje4 ,l[] ,columbia ,valley4 #aijf4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 #aijg1 pp4 #ec ff4 #aijg4 ,h>tman1 ,c4 ,v4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 p4 #ddg4 ,t5nessee4 #aijg4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #h1 no4 #d4 #aiji4 ,,e>!nw>e4 ,lawson1 ,p4 ,v4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #a1 pp4 #if ff4 #aijb4 ,g]5d1 ,a4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #d1 pp4 #d ff4 #aijd4 ,g]5d1 ,a41 & ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #d1 pp4 #ai ff4 #aijd4 ,,effigies4 ,editorial ,article4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #chd4 #ahhh4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ab1 p4 #baa4 #ahij4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #bji4 #ahih4 ,w>dle1 ,h4 ,n4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,am]icani/s1 p4 #bac4 ,mexico4 #aijb4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 pp4 #bdf ,s4 ,s\?we/4 #aijb4 ,pepp]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,human ,effigy ,vases4 ,*aco4 #aijf4 ,a%mead1 ,a4 ,s4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 p4 #gch4 ,p]u4 #aijg4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 pp4 #fia ff4 #aijg4 ,,eoli?ic ,,problem4 ,mac,curdy1 ,g4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 pp4 #dbe ff4 #aije4 ,,fire ,,& ,,fire-,,places4 ,catl94 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 p4 #hb4 #ahda4 ,rob9son1 ,c4 ,h4 8,! ,fir/ ,fire-,place40 ,ri*ey1 ,w4 ,e4 ,e>ly ,spani% ,explorations & ,indian ,implem5ts1 p4 #i4 ,h\gh1 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 #ahij1 pp4 #cei ff4 #ahij4 ,mills1 ,w4 ,c4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijc1 p4 #cea4 #aijc4 ,%eldon1 ,a4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 n4 s41 p4 #df4 ,s\? ,dakota4 #aije4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 p4 #cij4 ,s\?we/]n ,kivas4 #aijh4 ,,fi%-,,hooks4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 #aijd1 p4 #hc4 #aijd4 ,,fl9t ,,& ,,*]t4 ,m]c]1 ,h4 ,c4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology1 p4 #fc4 #ahid4 ,wright1 ,g4 ,f4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce4 ,spr+field1 p4 #bif4 #ahie4 ,seev]1 ,w4 ,j4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #ada4 ,t5nessee4 #ahig4 ,snyd]1 ,j4 ,f4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #afj4 #ahig4 ,b>rett1 ,a4 ,f4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #beb4 ,new ,york4 #ahig4 ,brooks1 ,j4 ,m4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #ci4 ,miss\ri4 #ahih4 ,hamilton1 ,h4 ,p4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #aeh4 #ahih4 ,b>n>d1 ,w4 ,c4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aije1 p4 #cjg4 ,miss\ri4 #aije4 ,gesn]1 ,a4 ,t4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aije1 p4 #cfd4 ,m&an4 #aije4 ,f[ke1 ,g4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,phillips ,academy1 ,&ov]1 no4 #c1 ,app5dix4 ,fl9t ,ridge1 ,ohio4 #aijf4 ,b>n>d1 ,w4 ,c4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijf1 p4 #hi4 ,miss\ri4 #aijf4 ,blackman1 ,e4 ,e4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 p4 #ajc4 ,nebraska4 #aijg4 ,,food4 ,c>r1 ,l4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society1 ,april1 #ahie4 #ahie4 ,,frauds4 ,j5ks1 ,a4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 #aijj1 pp4 #bib ff4 #aijj4 ,kelsey1 ,f4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 pp4 #dh ff4 ,mi*igan4 #aijh4 ,,furnaces4 ,fl[]1 ,f4 ,a4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 p4 #ahd4 ,ill9ois & ,wiscons94 #aijg4 ,,games4 ,cul91 ,s4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bd4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #aijb-jc4 ,,gorgets4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #b1 pp4 #agi ff4 ,art 9 ,%ell4 #ahhj-ha4 ,?omas1 ,c4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 no4 #d1 p4 #cd4 #ahhi4 ,my]1 ,w4 ,e4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #f4 ,t5nessee4 #ahid4 ,/>r1 ,f4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #eg4 ,mexico4 #ahig4 ,?ru/on1 ,g4 ,p4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ai1 p4 #if4 ,s\!rn ,/ates4 #ahig4 ,williams1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #ahb4 #ahih4 ,peabody1 ,c41 & ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,bullet9 #b1 ,phillips ,academy1 ,&ov]4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #aijf4 ,,g\ges4 ,p]k9s1 ,g4 ,h4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology1 p4 #hi4 ,*ampla9 ,valley4 #ahid4 ,laidlaw1 ,g4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #ai1 p4 #fh4 ,ont>io4 #ahig4 ,williams1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #ahj4 #ahih4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #a1 no4 #af1 p4 #bc4 ,ma9e4 #ahih4 ,,graves4 ,?omas1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 pp4 #aji ff4 ,%awnees4 #ahia4 ,deans1 ,j4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ad1 pp4 #da ff4 ,briti% ,columbia4 #ahib4 ,?ru/on1 ,g4 ,p4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 #ahic1 p4 #adf4 ,t5nessee4 #ahic4 ,cleavel&4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 #ahic1 p4 #ahi4 ,ohio ,riv]4 #ahic4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijd1 pp4 #bdc ff4 ,briti% ,columbia4 #aijd4 ,nick]son1 ,w4 ,b4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijh1 p4 #eb4 ,ill9ois4 #aijh4 ,,gr9d+-,,/ones4 ,h\gh1 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #aia4 ,arizona4 #ahig4 ,,groov$ ,,axes4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #ac4 #aija4 ,collie1 ,g4 ,l4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #g1 p4 #abe4 #aijh4 ,,gypsum4 ,b&eli]1 ,a4 ,f4 ,report ( ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute ( ,am]ica1 #e1 p4 #gd4 #ahhd4 ,,hamm]-,,/ones4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 pp4 #cja ff4 #ahia4 ,j5ney1 ,w4 ,p4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 p4 #cag4 #ahia4 ,smi?1 ,w4 ,g4 8,man ! ,primeval ,savage10 p4 #aba4 #ahid4 ,m]c]1 ,h4 ,c4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #bgf4 #ahid4 ,beau*amp1 ,w4 ,m4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cah4 #ahid4 ,snyd]1 ,j4 ,f4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cgh4 #ahid4 ,remsburg1 ,g4 ,j4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #age4 #ahie4 ,williams1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #hg4 #ahih4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 p4 #chb4 ,alaska & ,hawaii4 #ahih4 ,phillips1 ,w4 ,a4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #cfb4 ,columbus4 #ahii4 ,dorsey1 ,g4 ,a4 ,publications1 #ea1 ,field ,museum4 #aijj4 ,mac,curdy1 ,g4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 n4 s41 pp4 #ded ff4 ,paloli?ic & ,eoli?ic4 #aije4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 p4 #bii4 ,columbia ,valley4 #aijf4 ,notes4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #bi1 p4 #cdd4 #aijg4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 p4 #abe4 #aijg4 ,bran*1 ,c4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 p4 #cah4 ,we/ ,indies4 #aijg4 ,boas1 ,f4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 #ae1 #b1 p4 #cgi4 ,eskimo4 #aijg4 ,,h>poons4 ,hayes1 ,s4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,c9c9nati ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,jan41 #ahie4 ,ohio4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #aijj1 pp4 #ahi ff4 ,di/ribution4 #aijj4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #bi1 pp4 #aae ff4 #aijg4 ,boas1 ,f4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 #ae1 #b1 p4 #cig4 ,eskimo4 #aijg4 ,,h$dle-,,frame4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahii1 p4 #dhh4 #ahii4 ,,hematite4 ,f[ke1 ,g4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cde4 #ahid4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly1 vol4 #e1 p4 #bcf4 #ahig4 ,bu%nell1 ,d4 ,i41 ,jr4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijc1 p4 #aed4 ,miss\ri4 #aijc4 ,,hoes4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 ,oct41 #aijb1 pp4 #ae ff4 #aijb4 ,moore1 ,c4 ,b4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 n4 s41 p4 #dih4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #aijc4 ,,idols4 ,atwat]1 ,c4 ,ar*ologia ,am]icana1 p4 #baj4 #ahbj4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ad1 pp4 #aig ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahib4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,smi?sonian ,miscellane\s ,collections1 vol4 #de1 p4 #abj4 ,we/ ,indies4 #aijc4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #f1 n4 s41 p4 #ehi4 ,cuba4 #aijd4 ,,implem5ts4 ,pr\dfit1 ,s4 ,v4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #c1 p4 #bgg4 ,miss\ri ,riv]4 #ahhj4 ,wilson1 ,c4 ,b4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #e1 p4 #aha4 ,mexico4 #ahhc4 ,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ah1 p4 #hj4 ,eskimo4 #ahif-ig4 ,hrdlika1 ,a4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #f1 p4 #ff4 ,yaqui4 #aijd4 ,bu%nell1 ,d4 ,i41 ,jr4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #f1 n4 s41 p4 #bie4 ,oz>k ,region4 #aijd4 ,mac,curdy1 ,g4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 pp4 #dcd ff4 ,eoli?ic4 #aije4 ,gild]1 ,r4 ,f4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 p4 #gjf4 ,nebraska4 #aijg4 ,,indu/ries4 ,p[ell1 ,j4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 #ahii1 p4 #cai4 ,te*nology4 #ahii4 ,,iron4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 n4 s41 p4 #ejc4 ,miss\ri4 #aijc4 ,,iron ,,age4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,june1 #ahif1 p4 #aia4 ,its ,introduction into ,am]ica4 #ahif4 ,,jade4 ,mey]1 ,a4 ,b4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #bca4 #ahhh4 ,gordon1 etc4 ,memoirs ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #a1 no4 #a1 p4 #bd4 ,copan4 #ahif4 ,laidlaw1 ,g4 ,e4 ,ar*ological ,report1 ,ont>io1 p4 #he4 #ahif-ig4 ,br[n1 ,a4 ,p4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,april1 #ahih1 p4 #adj4 #ahih4 ,hill-,t\t1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 p4 #ce4 #ahih4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #gb4 #ahih4 ,hill-,t\t1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #aeb4 #ahih4 ,br[n1 ,a4 ,p4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #bij4 #ahih4 ,,jasp]4 ,m]c]1 ,h4 ,c4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #a4 #ahic4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 p4 #hj4 #ahid4 ,van ,epps1 ,p4 ,m4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #bi4 #ahid4 ,lauba*1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 pp4 #add1 & #bfe4 #ahih4 ,,jet4 ,pepp]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 n4 s41 pp4 #aia ff4 #aije4 ,,knives4 ,nissly1 ,j4 ,r4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #fg4 #ahic4 ,smi?1 ,w4 ,g4 8,man1 ! ,primeval ,savage10 p4 #bdg4 #ahid4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 #ahih1 p4 #dd4 ,ma9e4 #ahih4 ,am]ican ,naturali/1 ,jan41 #aijb4 #aijb4 ,dorsey1 ,g4 ,a4 ,publications1 #ge1 ,field ,museum1 p4 #ei4 ,arapaho4 #aijc4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ag1 no4 #c1 p4 #acb4 ,maidu4 #aije4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 p4 #gg4 ,virg9ia4 #aijg4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 #aijg1 pp4 #fa ff4 #aijg4 ,,labrets4 ,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ah1 p4 #dd4 ,eskimo4 #ahif-ig4 ,,lance-,,heads4 ,breton1 ,a4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,am]icani/s1 ,new ,york1 p4 #fe4 #aijb4 ,,lans+ ,,skeleton4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 n4 s41 p4 #gdc4 #aijb4 ,willi/on1 ,s4 ,w4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,am]icani/s1 ,new ,york1 p4 #he4 #aijb4 ,upham1 ,w4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijb1 p4 #bgc4 #aijb4 ,wright1 ,g4 ,f4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijc1 p4 #aai4 #aijc4 ,w9*ell1 ,n4 ,h4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 p4 #aea4 #aijg4 ,,leaf-,,%ap$ ,,implem5ts4 ,read1 ,m4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #a1 p4 #ih4 #ahgh4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #eb4 ,mi*igan4 #ahic4 ,,mano ,,/ones4 ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 ,,viii1 no4 #b1 p4 #ea4 ,cahuilla4 #aijh4 ,,manual ,,concepts4 ,cu%+1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 #ahib1 pp4 #bhi ff4 #ahib4 ,,masks4 ,dall1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 p4 #gc4 #ahha-hb4 ,,metates4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #aijj1 p4 #agi4 ,cali=nia4 #aijj4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ag1 pt4 #c1 p4 #ach4 ,maidu4 #aije4 ,du ,bois1 ,c4 ,g4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #h1 no4 #c1 p4 #ahe4 ,luiseo4 #aijh4 ,,mica4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ae1 p4 #aje4 #ahic-id4 ,,m9]als4 ,rau1 ,c4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ahgb-gc4 8,aborig9al ,trade40 ,copp]1 ,gal5a1 ,obsidian1 ,mica1 ,slate1 ,fl9t1 ,pipe/one1 ,%ells1 & ,pe>ls4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #f1 p4 #ce4 ,*iriqui4 #ahhd-he4 ,blake1 ,w4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 #ahhg1 pp4 #afd ff4 ,aztecs4 #ahhg4 ,tass91 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahig1 #a1 pp4 #fdi-fhh & #gdi-haj4 #ahig4 ,lead1 ,iron1 ,copp]1 ,silv]1 ,cry/als1 etc4 ,agate1 ,cassit]ite1 ,calcite1 ,*alc$ony1 ,em]y1 ,fl9t1 ,fluorite1 ,hornbl5de1 ,jadeite1 ,jasp]1 ,nephrite1 ,pyrite1 ,qu>tz1 ,t91 ,turquoise4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 #aijg1 pp4 #ff ff4 #aijg4 ,,mort>s4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 #ahii1 p4 #aae4 #ahii4 ,b\rke1 ,j4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #fa4 ,s\? ,we/4 #ahij4 ,brunn]1 ,h4 ,l4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 p4 #che4 ,texas4 #ahia4 ,p]k9s1 ,c4 ,h4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology1 p4 #ij4 ,*ampla9 ,valley4 #ahid4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #be1 p4 #ajf4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijc-jd4 ,kemp1 ,j4 ,f4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijf1 p4 #aia4 ,oregon4 #aijf4 ,mills1 ,w4 ,c4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijf1 p4 #cdf4 ,ohio4 #aijf4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #fcj4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijh4 ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #h1 #b1 p4 #ea4 ,cahuilla4 #aijh4 ,,mortu>y ,,/ones4 ,du ,bois1 ,c4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 p4 #dhd4 ,cali=nia4 #aijg4 ,,musical ,,in/rum5ts4 ,h(fman1 ,w4 ,j4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ad1 p4 #gg4 ,m5om9ee4 #ahib-ic4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bj1 p4 #cd4 ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 #ahih-ii4 ,dorsey1 ,g4 ,a4 ,publications1 #ge1 ,field ,museum1 p4 #db4 ,arapaho4 #aijc4 ,mead1 ,c4 ,w4 8,musical ,in/rum5ts ( ! ,incas40 ,p]u4 #aijc4 ,russell1 ,f4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bf1 p4 #aff4 ,pima4 #aijd-je4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ag1 pt4 #c1 p4 #bba4 ,maidu4 #aije4 ,bu%nell1 ,g4 ,i41 ,jr4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 p4 #fgf4 ,virg9ia4 #aijf4 ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ah1 #d4 ,arapaho4 #aijg4 ,sp9d51 ,h4 ,j4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #c1 p4 #bcj4 ,nez ,p]c4 #aijh4 ,l[ie1 ,r4 ,h4 ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #b1 p4 #bai4 ,%o%one4 #aiji4 ,,necklaces4 ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ah1 no4 #d1 p4 #ddj4 ,arapaho4 #aijg4 ,,neoli?ic ,,implem5ts4 ,note4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #b1 p4 #agg4 #ahhj4 ,cresson1 ,h4 ,t4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #afc4 #ahid4 ,,net-,,s9k]s4 ,we/1 ,g4 ,a4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #g1 pp4 #aca ff4 #aijh4 ,,obsidian4 ,mc,gee1 ,w4 ,j4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cja4 ,nevada4 #ahhi4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 p4 #afi4 ,manufacture4 #ahib4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ag1 #b1 p4 #gcb4 #ahie-if4 ,br[]1 ,j4 ,v4 8,miss\ri ,riv]10 p4 #bc4 #ahif4 ,m]$i?4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #cbj4 #ahih4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #b1 n4 s41 p4 #dje4 ,mexico4 #aijj4 ,mac,curdy1 ,g4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #b1 n4 s41 p4 #dag4 ,aztec4 #aijj4 ,lawson1 ,p4 ,v4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #b1 pp4 #ie ff4 #aijc4 ,ru/1 ,h4 ,n41 & ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 n4 s41 pp4 #fhh ff4 #aije4 ,,ornam5ts4 ,putnam1 ,f4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #caj4 #ahgh4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #a1 p4 #chj4 #ahhg4 ,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #ajc4 #ahij4 ,?ompson1 ,e4 ,h4 ,memoirs ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #ah4 ,yucatan4 #ahig4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bb1 p4 #hg4 ,pueblo4 #aijj-ja4 ,sel]1 ,e4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bh1 p4 #ei4 ,mexican ,fea!r ,"w4 #aijd4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 n4 s41 p4 #ejf4 ,new ,engl&4 #aije4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 pp4 #gj ff4 #aijg4 ,,pe>ls4 ,c>r1 ,l4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society1 #ahig1 p4 #fe4 #ahig4 ,,p5dants4 ,?ompson1 ,e4 ,h4 ,memoirs ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #a1 #b1 p4 #ai4 ,yucatan4 #ahig4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #a1 #f1 p4 #bd4 ,ma9e4 #ahih4 ,,p]=at$ ,,/ones4 ,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #b1 pp4 #e ff4 ,cali=nia4 #ahhg4 ,fison1 ,l4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #agg4 ,new ,brita94 #ahhi4 ,,p]=ators4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahid1 pp4 #fbc ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahid4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology1 p4 #gc4 #ahid4 ,%]man1 ,g4 ,m4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #de4 #ahih4 ,bu%nell1 ,d4 ,i41 ,jr4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 p4 #edj4 ,virg9ia4 #aijh4 ,we/1 ,g4 ,a4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #h1 #b1 pp4 #cg ff4 #aiji4 ,,pe/les4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #a1 n4 s41 p4 #cfc4 #ahii4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 p4 #abd4 ,middle ,atlantic ,%ell-,heaps4 #aijg4 ,bu%nell1 ,d4 ,i41 ,jr4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 p4 #edd4 #aijh4 ,s9clair1 ,w4 ,j4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #g1 #b1 p4 #aac4 #aijh4 ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #h1 #b1 p4 #ea4 ,cahuilla4 #aijh4 ,,pictographs4 ,br[n1 ,e4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #b1 p4 #beg4 #ahhj4 ,note4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #f1 p4 #aai4 #ahhd4 ,b>b]1 ,e4 ,a4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #f1 p4 #chf4 #ahhd4 ,h(fman1 ,e4 ,a4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #bji4 ,ojibwa4 #ahhh4 ,mall]y1 ,g4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #aj1 pp4 #ca ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahhh-hi4 ,em]son1 ,e4 ,r4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #aa1 p4 #cha4 #ahhi4 ,rawson1 ,a4 ,l4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ad1 p4 #bba4 #ahib4 ,gunckel1 ,l4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ae1 p4 #bbc4 ,s\?we/4 #ahic4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cce4 ,utah4 #ahid4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ag1 #b1 p4 #ede4 ,arizona4 #ahie-if4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 n4 s41 p4 #dda4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijc-jd4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ae1 pp4 #adh ff4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijc-jd4 ,smi?sonian ,miscellane\s ,collections1 vol4 #de1 p4 #acb4 ,we/ ,indies4 #aijd4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aije1 p4 #abe4 ,colorado ,valley4 #aije4 ,bi]b[]1 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aije1 p4 #bca4 ,new ,mexico4 #aije4 ,pitti] de ,fabriga1 ,h4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 vol4 #a1 #e1 p4 #cjg4 ,colombia4 #aije-jg4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,bullet9 #c1 ,phillips ,academy1 ,&ov]1 p4 #aei4 ,a ,pictograph on ,bir* ,b>k4 ,hewett1 ,e4 ,l4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #cb1 p4 #aa4 ,s\?we/4 #aijf4 ,%]wood1 ,c4 ,c4 ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly1 vol4 #ag1 p4 #cjg4 #aijh4 ,emmons1 ,g4 ,v4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 p4 #bba4 ,alaska1 #aijh4 ,,pitt$ ,,/ones4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 p4 #abd4 #aijg4 ,,pipes4 ,beau*amp1 ,w4 ,m4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #d1 p4 #cbf4 #ahhb4 ,d\glass1 ,a4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #aa1 p4 #cdh4 #ahhi4 ,?omas1 ,c4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #d1 p4 #ci4 #ahhi4 ,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #ajc4 ,georgia4 #ahij4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ac1 p4 #bfg4 #ahia4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 p4 #agj4 #ahib4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ad1 p4 #fi4 #ahib4 ,mc,whorter1 ,l4 ,v4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 #ahic1 p4 #ef4 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 #ahic4 ,cl>k1 ,c4 ,w4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #hd4 ,mississippi4 #ahid4 ,b]l91 ,a4 ,f4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #bgh4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahid4 ,beau*amp1 ,w4 ,m4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cdi4 #ahid4 ,p]k9s1 ,c4 ,h4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropologi/s1 p4 #hh4 ,*ampla9 ,valley4 #ahid4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w41 ,/eph51 ,a4 ,m41 & ,ow51 ,j4 ,g4 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,e?nology & ,ar*ology1 vol4 #d1 p4 #ca4 ,s\?we/4 #ahid4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ag1 #b1 p4 #gcc4 ,s\?we/4 #ahie-if4 ,laidlaw1 ,g4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ai1 p4 #ach4 ,ont>io4 #ahig4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahig1 #a1 pp4 #cea ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahig4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bj1 pp4 #de & #agc4 ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 #ahih-ii4 ,laidlaw1 ,g4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahii1 p4 #af4 #ahii4 ,cadle1 ,c4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijb1 p4 #bah4 #aijb4 ,dorsey1 ,g4 ,a4 ,publications1 #ge1 ,field ,museum1 p4 #dc4 ,arapaho4 #aijc4 ,godd>d1 ,p4 ,e4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #a1 #a1 p4 #cg4 ,hupa4 #aijc-jd4 ,we/1 ,g4 ,a4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #d1 nos4 #c & #d4 ,wiscons94 #aije4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ag1 pt4 #c1 p4 #ach4 #aije4 ,dorsey1 ,g4 ,a4 ,publications1 #ajc1 ,field ,museum1 p4 #gf4 ,*ey5ne4 #aije4 ,b]l91 ,a4 ,f4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,wyom+ ,hi/orical & ,geological ,societies1 p4 #ajh4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #aije4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 p4 #fdf4 ,dakota4 #aijf4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 pp4 #bbh to #bcb4 #ahid4 ,w>d1 ,h4 ,l4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,wiscons9 ,natural ,hi/ory ,society1 ,april1 #aijf1 p4 #i4 ,wiscons94 #aijf4 ,h]rmann1 ,r4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijf1 p4 #bcg4 #aijf4 ,sp9d51 ,h4 ,j4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 vol4 #b1 #c1 p4 #ahh4 ,nez ,p]c4 #aijh4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #cdf4 ,k5tucky4 #aijh4 ,,plummets4 ,snyd]1 ,j4 ,f41 & ,muhlig1 ,f4 ,m4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #aja4 #ahig4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 #ahih1 p4 #bi4 ,ma9e4 #ahih4 ,williams1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #aha4 ,peabody1 ,c4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,may1 #aija1 pp4 #abe ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #aija4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 #aiji1 pp4 #aci ff4 #aiji4 ,,pott]y4 ,putnam1 ,f4 ,w4 ,ar*ological ,explorations 9 ,t5nessee1 p4 #cah4 #ahgh4 ,b>b\r1 ,e4 ,a4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #a1 p4 #fa4 #ahgh4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #d1 pp4 #beg ff4 ,pueblo4 #ahhb-hc4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #d1 pp4 #cfa ff4 ,mississippi ,valley4 #ahhb-hc4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #d1 pp4 #dcg ff4 ,=m & ,ornam5t4 #ahhb-hc4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #f1 pp4 #ec ff4 ,*iriqui4 #ahhd-he4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #b1 pp4 #bdf ff4 #ahhi4 ,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 pp4 #ajb ff4 ,georgia4 #ahij4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 pp4 #cbd ff4 #ahij4 ,%rew1 ,j4 ,p4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ac1 p4 #aed4 #ahia4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 pp4 #fg & #adi ff4 #ahib4 ,hales1 ,h4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #bai4 ,coil$ ,w>e4 #ahic4 ,mooney1 ,j4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #f1 pp4 #bhc ff4 ,arizona4 #ahic4 ,poll>d1 ,j4 ,g4 ,! ,pamunkey ,indians1 p4 #ah4 ,virg9ia4 #ahid4 ,p]k9s1 ,g4 ,h4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology1 p4 #hg4 ,*ampla9 ,valley4 #ahid4 ,cu%+1 ,f4 ,h4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology1 p4 #bag4 #ahid4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ag1 #b1 pp4 #efi ff4 ,arizona4 #ahie-if4 ,gordon1 ,g4 ,b41 etc4 ,memoirs ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #a1 no4 #a1 p4 #bf4 ,copan4 #ahif4 ,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ah1 p4 #bja4 ,eskimo4 #ahif-ig4 ,?ompson1 ,e4 ,h4 ,memoirs ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #a1 #b1 p4 #ac4 ,loltun4 #ahig4 ,memoirs ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #a1 #c1 p4 #aa4 ,labna4 #ahig4 ,laidlaw1 ,g4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ai1 p4 #ach4 ,ont>io4 #ahig4 ,/>r1 ,f4 ,bullet9 #b ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,an?ropology1 pp4 #d ff4 ,mexico4 #ahig4 ,m]c]1 ,h4 ,c4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 vol4 #f1 p4 #aaa4 ,ma9e4 #ahig4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c4 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,folk-,lore1 #ahig1 pp4 #i ff4 ,decoration4 #ahig4 ,gell5baugh1 ,f4 ,s4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #dh4 ,dea? ,masks4 #ahig4 ,cu%+1 ,f4 ,h4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #h4 ,florida4 #ahig4 ,gordon1 ,g4 ,b4 ,memoirs ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #a1 nos4 #d-e4 ,uloa ,valley4 #ahih4 ,williams1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #eg4 #ahih4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #gb4 #ahih4 ,poole1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 p4 #db4 #ahih4 ,mc,gee1 ,w4 ,j4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 p4 #hh4 #ahih4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 p4 #afe4 ,arizona4 #ahih4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bj1 pp4 #a ff4 ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 #ahih-ii4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bb1 pp4 #ef ff4 ,little ,colorado ,valley4 #aijj-ja4 ,/ev5son1 ,m4 ,c4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bc1 p4 #cgc4 ,zui4 #aija-jb4 ,pepp]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,museum ,guide ,leaflet1 #f1 p4 #i4 ,utah4 #aijb4 ,moore1 ,c4 ,b4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,am]icani/s1 p4 #ca4 8,kill$ ,pott]y40 #aijb4 ,lawson1 ,p4 ,v4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 #aijb1 pp4 #aeg ff4 ,wiscons94 #aijb4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #be1 pp4 #agi ff4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijc-jd4 ,?ompson1 ,e4 ,h4 ,memoirs ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #c1 #a1 p4 #f4 ,yucatan4 #aijd4 ,reid1 ,w4 ,m4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijd1 p4 #ahd4 ,mohawk ,valley4 #aijd4 ,peabody1 ,c4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #c1 #b1 pls4 ,,xii ff4 ,mississippi4 #aijd4 ,hodge1 ,f4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #f1 n4 s41 p4 #eha4 ,hopi4 #aijd4 ,note4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijd1 p4 #fb4 #aijd4 ,g]5d1 ,a4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 ,octob]1 #aijd1 p4 #c4 #aijd4 ,russell1 ,f4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bf1 pp4 #abf ff4 ,pima4 #aijd-je4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 n4 s41 p4 #baa4 ,s\?we/4 #aije4 ,hrdlika1 ,a4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 p4 #dhg4 ,apa*e4 #aije4 ,wr51 ,c4 ,proce$+s & ,collections ( ! ,wyom+ ,hi/orical & ,geological ,society1 pp4 #acg ff4 ,wyom+ ,valley4 #aije4 ,gordon1 ,g4 ,b4 ,transactions ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #a1 p4 #hc4 ,eskimo4 #aijf4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 p4 #fdb4 ,dakota4 #aijf4 ,w1 ,d4 ,f41 & ,sp9d51 ,h4 ,j4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 #c1 #d1 p4 #age4 ,m&an4 #aijf4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #bh1 p4 #bgg4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #aijf4 ,fl[]1 ,f4 ,a4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijf1 p4 #ajb4 ,lake ,sup]ior4 #aijf4 ,h]rmann1 ,r4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijf1 p4 #bcg4 ,mississippi ,valley4 #aijf4 ,mills1 ,w4 ,c4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijf1 p4 #cdf4 ,ohio4 #aijf4 ,h]rmann1 ,r4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijf1 p4 #cff4 ,pueblo4 #aijf4 ,mac,curdy1 ,g4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 p4 #agd4 ,/at5 ,isl&4 #aijg4 ,speck1 ,f4 ,g4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 #b1 #b1 p4 #aji4 ,creek4 #aijg4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 p4 #abf4 #aijg4 ,h>tman1 ,c4 ,v4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 p4 #cjg4 ,co/a ,rica4 #aijg4 ,bran*1 ,c4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 p4 #cbe4 ,we/ ,indies4 #aijg4 ,gild]1 ,r4 ,f4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 p4 #gaj4 ,nebraska4 #aijg4 ,mac,curdy1 ,g4 ,g4 ,yale ,alumni ,weekly1 ,june #ai1 p4 #e4 #aijg4 ,note4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #cj1 p4 #di4 ,wyom+4 #aijh4 ,sp>kman1 ,p4 ,s4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #h1 #d1 p4 #bja4 ,luiseo4 #aijh4 ,h>r+ton1 ,m4 ,r4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 pp4 #cii ff4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 #aijh4 ,gesn]1 ,a4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijh1 p4 #bdc4 ,m9nesota4 #aijh4 ,/raley1 ,m4 ,w4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijh1 p4 #bfc4 ,nebraska4 #aijh4 ,kroeb]1 ,a4 ,l4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #h1 #b1 p4 #ed4 ,cahuilla4 #aijh4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 p4 #cd4 #aijh4 ,l[ie1 ,r4 ,h4 ,an?ropological ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #b1 p4 #agg4 ,%o%one4 #aiji4 ,gild]1 ,r4 ,f4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 n4 s41 p4 #ga4 #aiji4 ,speck1 ,f4 ,g4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 vol4 #a1 no4 #a1 pl4 ,,iii4 ,yu*i4 #aiji4 ,,primitive ,,cultures4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,putnam ,anniv]s>y vol41 pp4 #acg ff4 ,ohio4 #aiji4 ,,primitive ,,man4 ,dall4 ,contributions to ,nor? ,am]ican ,e?nology1 #a4 #ahgg4 ,%al]4 ,report ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 ii1 no4 #a4 #ahgg4 ,fo/]4 ,prehi/oric ,races4 #ahgh4 ,putnam4 ,reports ( ! ,peabody ,museum4 #ahgf ff4 ,:itney4 ,aurif]\s ,gravels4 #ahgi4 ,putnam4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,bo/on ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,,xxi4 #ahha-hc4 ,bancr(t4 ,native ,races1 ,,iv4 #ahhb4 ,morse4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,,xxxiii4 #ahhd4 ,nadaillac4 ,prehi/oric ,am]ica4 #ahhd4 ,putnam4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,bo/on ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,,xxiii4 #ahhe-hh4 ,sk]t*ley4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 ,,xvii4 #ahhh4 ,wilson4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahhh4 #ahhh4 ,wright1 ,g4 ,f4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,bo/on ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,,xxiii4 #ahhh4 ,abbott4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,bo/on ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,,xxiii4 #ahhh4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,,xxxvii4 #ahhh4 ,mc,gee4 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 ,nov41 #ahhh4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #b4 #ahhi4 ,gilb]t4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #b4 #ahhi4 ,haynes4 ,9 ,w9sor1 ,n>rative & ,critical ,hi/ory ( ,am]ica1 vol4 #a4 #ahhi4 ,wright1 ,g4 ,f4 ,ice ,age 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 #ahhi4 ,p[ell4 ,! ,=um4 #ahij4 ,?omas4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ab4 #ahij-ia4 ,beck]4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,geological ,society ( ,am]ica1 ,,ii4 #ahia4 ,mc,gee4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ac4 #ahia4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e4 #ahib4 ,holmes4 ,sci5ce1 ,novemb] #be1 #ahib4 ,wright1 ,g4 ,f4 ,man & ! ,glacial ,p]iod4 #ahib4 ,claypole4 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly = ,april1 #ahic4 ,wright1 ,g4 ,f4 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly = ,may1 #ahic4 ,holmes4 ,j\rnal ( ,geology1 #a1 nos4 #a & #b4 #ahic4 ,sci5ce1 ,janu>y #be1 #ahic4 ,mc,gee4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #f4 #ahic4 ,m]c]4 ,am]ican ,naturali/1 ,,xxvii4 #ahic4 ,claypole4 ,am]ican ,geologi/1 ,,xviii4 #ahif4 ,kmmel4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,,xlvi4 #ahig4 ,m]c]4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,,xlvi4 #ahig4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,,vi4 #ahig4 ,putnam4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,,vi4 #ahig4 ,salisbury4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,,vi4 #ahig4 ,sci5ce1 ,decemb] #ca1 #ahig4 ,wilson4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahig1 #a4 ,aur+]4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/ = ,febru>y1 #ahih4 ,?omas4 ,am]ican ,ar*ology4 #ahih4 ,blake4 ,j\rnal ( ,geology1 ,,vii1 #g4 #ahii4 ,dall4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 ,philadelphia4 #ahii4 ,holmes4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ahii4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/4 #ahii4 ,putnam4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ahii4 ,report ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 #aijj4 ,holmes4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #aija4 ,br[]4 ,memoirs1 ,v4 #aijb4 ,*amb]l9 & ,br[]4 ,j\rnal ( ,geology1 vol4 ,x4 #aijb4 ,f[ke4 ,ar*ological ,hi/ory ( ,ohio4 #aijb4 ,holmes4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #aijb4 ,hrdlika4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,,xvi4 #aijb4 ,upham4 ,sci5ce = ,augu/ #bi1 #aijb4 ,willi/on4 ,sci5ce = ,augu/ #a1 #aijb4 ,w9*ell4 ,am]ican ,geologi/ = ,septemb]1 #aijb4 ,holmes4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #aijc4 ,hrdlika4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 n4 s4 #aijc4 ,pet]son4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 vol4 #b4 #aijc4 ,w9*ell4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,geological ,society ( ,am]ica1 ,,xiv4 #aijc4 ,s9clair4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 #aa1 #a4 #aijd4 ,munro4 ,ar*ological & ,false ,antiquities4 #aije4 ,wright1 ,d4 ,f4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 vol4 #d4 #aije4 ,abbott4 ,ar*ologia ,nova ,cs>ea4 #aijg1 etc4 ,hrdlika4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #cc4 #aijg4 ,w9*ell4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 vol4 #f4 #aijg4 ,ow54 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 vol4 #h4 #aiji4 ,volk4 ,peabody ,museum ,pap]s1 vol4 #e4 #aiaj4 ,,qu>ries4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ae1 p4 #cc4 ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 #ahic-id4 ,dorsey1 ,g4 ,a4 ,publications ( ! ,field ,columbian ,museum4 ,an?ropological s]4 #ea4 ,wyom+4 #aijj4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,bullet9 #c ( ! ,phillips ,academy ( ,&ov]1 p4 #abf4 ,t5nessee4 #aijf4 ,f[ke1 ,g4 ,bullet9 #c ( ! ,phillips ,academy ( ,&ov]1 ,app5dix4 ,ohio4 #aijf4 ,,qu>tz4 ,babbitt1 ,f4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #c1 pp4 #ah ff4 ,m9nesota4 #ahhj4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #ccc4 ,little ,falls4 #ahij4 ,bu%nell1 ,d4 ,i41 ,jr4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 p4 #edg4 ,virg9ia4 #aijh4 ,,qu>tzite4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,transactions ( ! ,wiscons9 ,academy ( ,arts1 ,sci5ce1 & ,lett]s1 vol4 ,,xv1 "p #aa4 ,,rattles4 ,/>r1 ,f4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,dav5port ,academy ( ,sci5ce1 #i1 p4 #aha4 #aija-jc4 ,du ,bois1 ,c4 ,g4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #h1 #c1 p4 #ahe4 ,luiseo4 #aijh4 ,sp>kman1 ,p4 ,g4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #h1 #d1 p4 #baj4 ,luiseo4 #aijh4 ,wr51 ,c4 ,proce$+s & ,collections ( ! ,wyom+ ,hi/orical & ,geological ,society1 vol4 #aj1 pp4 #aie ff4 ,p5nsylvania1 #aijh4 ,,rope4 ,mc,gee1 ,w ,j ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #aad4 ,mexico4 #ahig4 ,,s&als4 ,snyd]1 ,j4 ,f4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahii1 pp4 #e ff4 #ahii4 ,pepp]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 #aijb1 p4 #aa4 ,utah4 7,guide ,leaflet1 #f47 #aijb4 ,,scrap]s4 ,turn]1 ,l4 ,m4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #ahf4 ,naskopie4 #ahhh4 ,p]k9s1 ,g4 ,h4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 #a1 p4 #ei4 #ahic4 ,dilg1 ,k4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #abg4 #ahig4 ,williams1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 p4 #ij4 #ahih4 ,pepp]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 pp4 #ahg ff4 7n4 s47 ,pueblo ,bonito4 #aije4 ,gild]1 ,r4 ,f4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aiji1 p4 #f4 ,wyom+4 #aiji4 ,,%ell4 ,putnam1 ,f4 ,w4 ,explorations 9 ,t5nessee1 p4 #cce4 #ahgh4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #b1 pp4 #agi1 ff4 ,art 9 ,%ell4 #ahhj-ha4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 #ahhi1 p4 #cdc4 ,dakota4 #ahhi4 ,reynolds1 ,e4 ,r4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #beb4 ,potomac ,region4 #ahhi4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ac1 p4 #bfd4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahia4 ,?omas1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 p4 #bcg4 ,%awnee4 #ahia4 ,snodgrass1 ,j4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #aae4 ,ohio4 #ahid4 ,*idsey1 ,c4 ,e4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #ada4 ,pascag\la4 #ahid4 ,h[e1 ,g4 ,l4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #bed4 ,cali=nia4 #ahid4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 p4 #cei4 ,pacific4 #ahif4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ah1 p4 #cj4 ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl&4 #ahif4 ,c>r1 ,l4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society1 #ahig1 p4 #ga4 8,dress & ,ornam5t40 #ahig4 ,snyd]1 ,j4 ,f4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #be4 ,wa%+ton 7,/ate74 #ahig4 ,f\nta91 ,g4 ,h4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #dh4 ,new ,j]sey4 #ahig4 ,calv]1 ,w4 ,l4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #hg4 ,new ,york ,city4 #ahig4 ,laidlaw1 ,g4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ai1 p4 #fh4 ,ont>io4 #ahig4 ,w9temb]g1 ,w4 ,j4 ,ar*ological ,report ( ,ont>io1 #aijj1 p4 #ci4 #aijj4 ,lawson1 ,p4 ,v4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 ,octob]1 #aijb1 p4 #f4 #aijb4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #be1 p4 #aib4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijc-jd4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijd1 pp4 #gi ff4 ,briti% ,columbia4 #aijd4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijd1 p4 #bbj4 ,dakota4 #aijd4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ag1 #c1 p4 #ada4 ,cali=nia4 #aije4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 pp4 #fdc ff4 #aijf4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 n4 s41 pp4 #aac ff4 ,atlantic ,tide-,wat] ,prov9ce4 #aijg4 ,bran*1 ,c4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 p4 #cbb4 7n4 s47 ,we/ ,indies4 #aijg4 ,h\gh1 ,w4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ce1 p4 #bc4 ,s\?we/4 #aijg4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s4 p4 #ch4 ,manitoba4 #aijh4 ,l[ie1 ,r4 ,h4 ,an?ropological ,pap]s1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #b1 #b1 p4 #agc4 ,%o%one4 #aiji4 ,gild]1 ,r4 ,f4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 n4 s41 p4 #gj4 ,nebraska4 #aiji4 ,,%ields4 ,knight1 ,e4 ,h4 ,a ,/udy ( ,savage ,weapons1 p4 #ff4 ,russell1 ,f4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bf1 p4 #abj4 ,pima4 #aijd-je4 ,,silv]4 ,kunz1 ,g4 ,f4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #i1 p4 #bai4 ,florida4 #ahhg4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly1 vol4 #g1 p4 #abj4 ,ohio4 #ahih4 ,h>r+ton1 ,m4 ,r4 ,an?ropological ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #a1 #f1 pp4 #cea ff4 ,iroquois4 #aijh4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #dac1 n4 s4 #aijh4 ,,skeletal ,,rema9s4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #bca4 ,utah4 #ahid4 ,bak]1 ,f4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 pp4 #ceg ff4 #ahih4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #a1 n4 s41 p4 #fbc4 ,calav]as4 #ahii4 ,*amb]l91 ,t4 ,c4 ,j\rnal ( ,geology1 vol4 #aj1 #g1 pp4 #gde ff4 ,lans+4 #aijb4 ,hrdlika1 ,a4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 n4 s41 p4 #cbc4 ,lans+4 #aijc4 ,mac,curdy1 ,g4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #f1 n4 s41 pp4 #ccf ff4 #aijd4 ,wild]1 ,h4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 p4 #bih1 n4 s4 ,massa*usetts4 #aije4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,bullet9 #c ( ,phillips ,academy ( ,&ov]1 p4 #abj4 ,k5tucky4 #aijf4 ,gates1 ,h4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #a1 #aijf1 pp4 #bga ff4 ,m9nesota4 #aijf4 ,gild]1 ,r4 ,f4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 p4 #cg4 ,nebraska4 #aijg4 ,b>b\r1 ,e4 ,h4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 p4 #dj4 ,nebraska4 #aijg4 ,mead1 ,c4 ,w4 ,p]uvian ,mummies1 p4 #bj4 #aijg4 ,hrdlika4 ,a4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #cc1 pp4 #i ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #aijg4 ,s9clair1 ,w4 ,j4 ,publications ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 vol4 #g1 #b1 p4 #aji4 ,cali=nia4 #aijh4 ,wright1 ,f4 ,b4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijh1 p4 #afg4 #aijh4 ,,spades4 ,rau1 ,c4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ahfc1 p4 #cgi4 8,agricultural ,implem5ts40 #ahfc4 ,f[ke1 ,g4 #ac? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 8,/one ,art10 p4 #acc4 #ahia-ib4 ,?ru/on1 ,g5]al ,gates ,p4 8,antiquities ( ,t5nessee10 p4 #bbb4 #ahig4 ,,spe>s4 ,b\rke1 ,j4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #ef4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahij4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,j4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 p4 #adc4 ,%awnees4 #ahia4 ,craw=d1 ,j4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #bbj1 ,nic>agua4 #ahie4 ,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ah1 #a1 p4 #adg4 ,eskimo4 #ahif-ig4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 #aijb1 p4 #aah4 ,indian ,t]ritory4 #aijb4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ag1 #c1 p4 #acb4 ,cali=nia4 #aije4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 p4 #fdd4 ,dakota4 #aijf4 ,blackman1 ,e4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 p4 #gh4 ,nebraska4 #aijg4 ,sp9d51 ,h4 ,j4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #c1 p4 #ahe4 ,nez ,p]c4 #aijh4 ,,sp9dle-,,:orls4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #f1 p4 #adi4 ,*iriqui4 #ahhd-he4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bj1 p4 #cc4 ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 #ahih-ii4 ,fabriga1 ,h4 ,pitti] de4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 vol4 #a1 no4 #e1 p4 #cjg4 ,colombia4 ,,spoons4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 p4 #fde4 ,dakota4 #aijf4 ,speck1 ,f4 ,g4 ,transactions ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #b1 p4 #afj4 ,osage4 #aijg4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 p4 #ce4 ,manitoba4 #aijh4 ,,spuds4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 #b1 #a1 pp4 #ae ff4 #aijb4 ,,/eatite4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ae1 pp4 #ajf ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahic-id4 ,mac,curdy1 ,g4 ,g4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 n4 s41 p4 #fh4 #aijc4 ,bu%nell1 ,g4 ,i41 ,jr4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 #aijh1 p4 #edf4 ,virg9ia4 #aijh4 ,sk9n]1 ,a4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 p4 #gjb4 #aijh4 ,l[ie1 ,r4 ,h4 ,an?ropological ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #b1 p4 #agd4 ,%o%one4 #aiji4 ,,/one ,,& ,,/one ,,implem5ts4 ,sylve/]1 ,j4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #a1 p4 #gc4 ,ohio4 #ahgh4 ,read1 ,m4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #a1 p4 #aci4 ,grave ,creek4 #ahgh4 ,/ev5son1 ,j4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #b1 p4 #cbj4 ,zui4 #ahhj-ha4 ,buck+ham1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #c1 p4 #ace4 ,oregon4 #ahha4 ,rau1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,naturali/1 ,july1 #ahha1 pp4 #ecf ff4 #ahha4 ,butl]1 ,j4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #d1 p4 #bbi4 #ahhb4 ,b&eli]1 ,a4 ,f4 ,report ( ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute ( ,am]ica1 #e1 p4 #gd4 #ahhd4 ,gratacap1 ,l4 ,p4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #f1 p4 #bdd4 ,sacrificial ,/one ( ,mexico4 #ahhd4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #i1 p4 #bhj4 #ahhg4 ,?omas1 ,c4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #h1 p4 #i4 #ahhg4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #d1 p4 #bb4 ,ohio4 #ahhi4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 pp4 #afe ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahib4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #f1 pp4 #a ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahic4 ,f[ke1 ,g4 ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly1 vol4 #b1 p4 #ead4 #ahic4 ,m]c]1 ,h4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,naturali/1 #ahic1 pp4 #ifb ff4 #ahic4 ,b]l91 ,a4 ,f4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #ec4 ,indiana4 #ahic4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ae1 pp4 #c ff4 ,potomac-,*esapeake ,prov9ce4 #ahic-id4 ,newton1 ,w4 ,s4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #aib4 #ahid4 ,f[ke1 ,g4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cbh4 #ahid4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology1 pp4 #abj ff4 #ahid4 ,f[ke1 ,g4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #aig4 #ahie4 ,craw=d4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #bbj4 ,nic>agua4 #ahie4 ,wilson1 ,t4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #agi4 #ahie4 ,f[ke1 ,g4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #c1 p4 #cjj4 #ahie4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ag1 #b1 p4 #gbi4 ,arizona4 #ahie-if4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 p4 #bbg4 #ahif4 ,?omas1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #i1 p4 #dje4 #ahif4 ,?omas1 ,c4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #fc4 7,cf4 prec$+ article47 ,leep]1 ,d4 ,r4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #aig4 #ahig4 ,lauba*1 ,c4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #abf4 ,delaw>e ,riv]4 #ahig4 ,seev]1 ,w4 ,j4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #ada4 ,t5nessee4 #ahig4 ,coov]1 ,a4 ,b4 ,! ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #cjd4 ,ohio4 #ahig4 ,/>r1 ,f4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #de4 ,mexico4 #ahig4 ,?omas1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #cgf4 ,wa%+ton 7,/ate74 #ahig4 ,p[]s1 ,a4 ,j4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #ab4 ,georgia4 #ahih4 ,?ru/on1 ,g4 ,p4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #bbe4 #ahih4 ,?ack]1 ,w4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #ahi4 ,san ,juan ,ar*ipelago4 #ahih4 ,ivey1 ,h4 ,j4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #bhi4 #ahih4 ,lauba*1 ,c4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #bif4 #ahih4 ,williams1 ,f4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #ajb4 #ahih4 ,eis51 ,d4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahih1 p4 #acf4 #ahih4 ,phillips1 ,w4 ,a4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #b1 n4 s41 p4 #cg4 ,ill9ois4 #aijj4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #aijj1 p4 #agg4 ,cali=nia4 #aijj4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #c1 n4 s41 pp4 #bhi1 #eja1 #gbf4 ,mi*igan4 #aija4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #d1 p4 #dhg1 n4 s4 ,hopi4 #aijb4 ,wr51 ,c4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,wyom+ ,hi/orical & ,geological ,society1 #aijb-jc1 pp4 #ic ff4 p4 #ag1 ,p5nsylvania4 #aijb-jc4 ,cul91 ,s4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 n4 s41 p4 #fb4 #aijc4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #be1 pp4 #aaj & #afg4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijb-jc4 ,peabody1 ,c4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #c1 no4 #b1 p4 #dj4 ,mississippi4 #aijd4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #f1 p4 #eic1 n4 s4 ,cuba4 #aijd4 ,w1 ,g4 ,f41 & ,sp9d51 ,h4 ,j4 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 vol4 #c1 no4 #d1 p4 #afc4 ,! ,m&ans4 #aijf4 ,smi?1 ,h4 ,i4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 p4 #cje4 ,l[] ,columbia ,valley4 #aijf4 ,ru/1 ,h4 ,n4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 n4 s41 p4 #fhf4 #aijf4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #beg4 ,new ,mexico4 #aijh4 ,coov]1 ,a4 ,b4 ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly1 vol4 ,,xvii1 p4 #ch4 ,ohio4 #aijh4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aj1 n4 s41 p4 #fbe4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijh4 ,l[ie1 ,r4 ,h4 ,an?ropological ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #b1 pt4 #b1 p4 #agc4 ,%o%one4 #aiji4 ,,/one ,,graves4 ,peet1 ,s4 ,d4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ab1 p4 #cbi4 #ahij4 ,?ru/on1 ,g4 ,p4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 #ahic1 p4 #adf4 ,t5nessee4 #ahic4 ,?ompson1 ,a4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #bc1 p4 #daa4 ,t5nessee4 #aija4 ,,/one ,,monum5ts4 ,simms1 ,s4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #e1 n4 s41 pp4 #ajg & #cgd4 #aijc4 ,,swa/ika4 ,wilson1 ,t4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 pp4 #geg ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahid4 ,br[]1 ,c4 de ,w4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aijg1 pp4 #bcf ff4 #aijg4 ,,tablets4 ,rau1 ,c4 ,smi?sonian ,contributions to ,k1 vol4 ,,xxii1 p4 #cca4 ,pal5que4 #ahgi4 ,campbell1 ,j4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #d1 p4 #ade4 ,dav5port4 #ahhb4 ,br9ton1 ,d4 ,g4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 #ahic1 p4 #bja4 ,long ,isl&4 #ahic4 ,montgom]y1 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #h1 p4 #fde4 ,dakota4 #aijf4 ,moorehead1 ,w4 ,k4 ,bullet9 #d ( ! ,phillips ,academy1 ,&ov]1 p4 #ace4 8,gue/40 #aijh4 ,,tattoo+4 ,s9clair1 ,a4 ,t4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #aa1 n4 s41 p4 #cfb4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #aiji4 ,,textiles4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #c1 pp4 #cic ff4 #ahha-hb4 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,b4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 #ag1 #c1 p4 #adi4 ,cali=nia4 #aije4 ,,?r[+-,,/ick4 ,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ah1 p4 #aeb4 ,eskimo4 #ahif-ig4 ,note4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #bi1 p4 #aai4 #aijg4 ,pepp]1 ,g4 ,h4 8,! ,?r[+-,/ick ( a ,prehi/oric ,p40 7,s\?we/47 ,,traps4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 #aijj1 pp4 #feg ff4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #aijj4 ,,tubes4 ,read1 ,m4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #b1 p4 #ec4 #ahgi4 ,,turquoise4 ,pepp]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 #g1 n4 s41 pp4 #aid ff4 ,pueblo ,bonito4 #aije4 ,,wampum4 ,p>kman1 ,f4 ,! ,jesuits 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 p4 xxxi4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #b1 pp4 #bce ff4 #ahhj-ha4 ,adams1 ,w4 ,w4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #a1 p4 #hc4 #ahic4 ,beau*amp1 ,w4 ,m4 ,! ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 #b1 p4 #id4 #ahid4 ,calv]1 ,w4 ,l4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #hi4 ,new ,york4 #ahig4 ,beau*amp1 ,w4 ,m4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #bj1 p4 #a4 #ahih4 ,,w>-,,clubs4 ,wick]%am1 ,j4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vol4 #ag1 p4 #gb4 ,a g5]al discussion4 #ahie4 ,,w$ges4 ,gild]1 ,r4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 #aiji1 p4 #f4 #aiji4 ,,wood4 ,h\gh1 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahhh1 pp4 #eca ff4 #ahhh4 ,hale1 ,j4 ,p4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 #ahig1 p4 #abb4 ,we/ ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky4 #ahig4 ,fewkes1 ,j4 ,w4 ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #be1 p4 #aid4 ,porto ,rico4 #aijc-jd4 ,russell1 ,f4 ,report ( ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #bf1 p4 #ig4 ,pima4 #aijd-je4 ,,zo,,te*ny4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 #ahii1 p4 #de4 #ahii4 ,,bibliography ,,( ,,! ,,writ+s ,,( ,,w>r5 ,k4 ,,moorehead ,z ne>ly all ( my own articles1 reports1 & books deal ) ar*ological subjects1 ,i h ?\ght be/ to include a bibliography ( ^!1 plac$ sep>ately1 al?\gh a few are ref]r$ to 9 v>i\s places 9 ! prec$+ pages ( ! ,bibliography4 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 ,!1 #ahhg-aija4 ,num]\s articles4 ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/1 #ahig-ahii4 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,num]\s articles4 ,ar*ologi/1 ,!1 #ahic-ahie4 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,num]\s articles4 ,are ! ,hopewell ,copp] ,objects ,prehi/oric8 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,janu>y-,m>*1 #aijc4 ,bird ,/one ,c]emonial1 ,!4 #ca pp4 #db figures4 ,l>ge pamphlet4 ,s>anac ,lake1 ,n4 ,y4 #ahii4 ,bird ,/one ,c]emonial & ,sugge/ion ( ,ar*ologic ,nom5clature4 ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce ,report4 #aijj4 ,c9c9nati ,society1 ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,v>i\s pap]s 9 ,reports1 #ahhh-aijj4 ,comm]cial vs4 ,sci5tific ,collect+4 ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly1 ,janu>y1 #aijd4 ,exhibit f ,m4 ,c4 ,hopewell's ,f>m1 ,description ( !4 ,ross ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 #bj pp4 #i full-page plates4 ,*icago1 #ahic4 ,exp$ition to ! ,s\?we/4 ,a score ( illu/rat$ articles 9 ! ,illu/rat$ ,am]ican1 #ahib4 ,new ,york4 ,exploration ( ,jacobs ,cav]n1 ,!4 ,bullet9 #a1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,ar*ology1 ,phillips ,academy4 #bi pp4 #aa full-page plates2 l>ge fold+map4 ,norwood1 ,mass41 ,janu>y1 #aijd4 ,co-au?or ) ,dr4 ,c4 ,peabody4 ,field ,di>y ( an ,ar*ological ,collector1 ,!4 #ga l>ge pp41 #db figures4 ,am]ican ,inv5tor1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,m>*1 #aijc-;,april1 #aijd4 ,field ,"w1 ,report (4 #ajh pp4 #de figs4 ,vol4 ,v 7#ahig7 ( ! ,ohio ,/ate ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,society ,report4 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,field ,"w1 ,report (4 #if pp4 #bb figures4 ,vol4 ,,vii 7#ahih7 ( ! ,ohio ,/ate ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,society ,report4 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,fir/ ,report ( ! ,curator ( ! ,ar*ological ,museum ( ! ,ohio ,/ate ,univ]sity4 ,also ,prelim9>y ,exploration ( ,ohio ,caves4 #ag pp42 a table4 ,columbus1 #ahie4 ,=t ,anci5t4 #abi pp4 #cg full-page plates2 l>ge fold+ map4 ,c9c9nati1 #ahhi4 ,rob]t ,cl>ke ,co4 ,=t ,anci5t1 ,description (4 #af pp4 #ab figures & l>ge map4 ,vol4 ,,iv 7#ahif7 ( ! ,ohio ,/ate ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,society ,report4 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,=t ,anci5t1 ! ,great ,prehi/oric ,e>? ,"w ( ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 #aff pp4 ,pt4 ,,ii1 ,bullet9 ,,iv1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,ar*ology1 ,phillips ,academy1 ,&ov]1 ,mass4 #aijh4 ,gho/ ,dance1 ,!4 #f illu/rat$ articles appe>+ 9 ! ,illu/rat$ ,am]ican4 ,new ,york1 ,janu>y-,m>*1 #ahia4 ,gravel ,kame ,burials 9 ,ohio4 ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce ,report4 #aijb4 ,hopewell ,gr\p1 ,!4 ,ab\t #fj pages4 #gj figures4 ,cont9u$ f ,may1 #ahig1 to ,febru>y1 #ahih1 9 ! ,am]ican ,ar*ologi/4 ,columbus1 ,o4 ,indian ,tribes ( ,ohio1 ,!4 #aji pp4 ,vol4 ,,vii 7#ahih7 ( ! ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,society ,report4 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,metzg] ,m\nd1 ,!4 #aj pp4 #d figures4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces ( ,philadelphia4 #ahid4 ,mod]n & ,prehi/oric ,village ,sites 9 ,ohio1 comp>$4 ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce ,report4 #ahid4 ,n>rative ( ,explorations 9 ,arizona1 ,new ,mexico1 etc4 ,bullet9 ,,iii1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,ar*ology1 ,phillips ,academy1 ,&ov]1 ,mass4 #bjj pp4 #hb figures4 #aijf4 ,new ,sci5ce1 ,a1 at ! ,_w's ,columbian ,exposition4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 #aijc4 ,ohio ,/ate ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,reports1 ,!4 ,num]\s articles4 #ahid-ahie4 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,news4 #ahie-aijj4 ,new ,york4 ,num]\s articles4 ,prehi/oric ,implem5ts4 #fba figures4 #dca pp4 ,s>anac ,lake1 ,new ,york4 ,june1 #aijj4 ,prehi/oric ,relics4 #agf pp4 #ahj figures4 ,&ov]1 ,mass4 #aijd4 ,primitive ,man 9 ,ohio4 #bdf pp4 #ed figures4 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons4 ,new ,york1 #ahib4 ,primitive ,cultures 9 ,ohio1 ,a ,/udy (4 ,putnam ,anniv]s>y ,volume1 p4 #acg4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #aiji4 ,rec5t ,ar*ological ,discov]ies 9 ,ohio4 ,sci5tific ,am]ican ,supplem5t1 ,augu/1 #ahib4 ,r$ ,cl\d1 ,a ,sket* ( ,8 ,life4 ,bo/on ,transcript1 ,decemb] #bb1 #aiji4 ,rem>ks ^u ! ,%eet ,copp] ,designs ( ! ,hopewell ,gr\p1 ,ohio4 ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce ,report4 #ahic4 ,report ( ! ,committee on ,ar*ological ,nom5clature4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,m>*1 #aiji4 ,ru9s at ,aztec on ! ,rio ,la ,plata1 ,new ,mexico4 ,explor$ #ahib4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,june1 #aijh4 ,ru9s ( ,s\!rn ,utah1 ,!4 ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce ,report4 #ahib4 ,sci5ce4 #ahij-aijc4 ,num]\s articles4 ,s+ul> ,copp] ,implem5ts & ,ornam5ts f ! ,hopewell ,gr\p1 ,ross ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce ,report4 #ahib4 ,s-call$ 8,gorgets10 ,!4 ,bullet9 ,,ii1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,ar*ology1 ,phillips ,academy4 #ajj pp4 #ah plates4 ,&ov]1 ,mass41 #aijf4 ,co-au?or ) ,dr4 ,c4 ,peabody4 ,unkn[n ,=ms ( ,/one ,objects4 ,"s #f pp4 #i figures4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 ,septemb]1 #aijd4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,wilson1 ,! ,late ,dr4 ,?omas4 ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce4 ,meet+ at ,pittsburg1 ,pa41 #aijb4 ,,index ,abbott1 ,c4 ,c41 ,i1 #cd2 ,,ii1 #cej4 ,abbott1 ,g4 ,b41 ,corn+1 ,cali=nia1 ,,ii1 #ajc4 ,acaxes1 ,,ii1 #cdh4 ,adaptation1 ,,ii1 #ced ff4 ,adzes1 ,i1 #bed1 #bgc ff42 conclusions1 ,i1 #cbb ff42 copp]1 ,,ii1 #ahi4 ,adze1 triangul>1 ,i1 #bgd4 ,afton1 ,indian ,t]ritory 7,oklahoma71 ,i1 #bae4 ,agricultural implem5ts1 *apt] ,,ix1 #age ff4 ,agua ,cali5te1 axes1 ,i1 #caf4 ,alaska1 woman's knife1 ,,ii1 #caa4 ,algonquian pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bgh4 ,algonqu9s1 ,,ii1 #ccj4 ,all5t[n1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,i1 #ce2 knives1 ,i1 #hf4 ,alt> m\nds1 conta9+ f9] specim5s1 ,,ii1 #fc2 hematites1 ,,ii1 #bie4 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york1 ,i1 #dbg2 ,,ii1 #cjb4 ,amulets 9 ,ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #ccb4 ,analyses ( specim5s1 ,,ii1 #cec4 ,anci5t vs4 mod]n art1 ,,ii1 #cee4 ,&]son1 ,clif=d1 ,,ii1 #bej4 ,animal effigies1 ,,ii1 #bj4 ,antiquity ( pott]y-mak+1 ,,ii1 #bid4 ,antl] 9 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cdj4 ,antl]-tips1 z arr[-po9ts1 ,,ii1 #acd4 ,apa*es1 ,,ii1 #ced4 ,appala*ian pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bgh4 8,ar*ologia ,nova ,cs>ea10 ,,ii1 #cej4 ,ar*ological map ( ,ohio1 ,,ii1 #cdh4 ,arizona1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bdd2 r+s1 ,i1 #ddb4 ,arkansas1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bch2 engrav$ disc1 ,i1 #deb4 ,armlets1 ,,ii1 #cce4 ,army & ,m$ical ,museum1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,i1 #aba4 ,arnold1 ,b4 ,w41 ,albany1 ,new ,york1 ,,ii1 #caa4 ,arr[-heads 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cca2 ,canadian ,pla9s1 ,,ii1 #ccd2 ,utah1 ,,ii1 #cch2 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cda4 ,arr[-po9t1 analyz$1 ,i1 #ajj4 ,arr[-po9ts emb$d$ 9 bone1 ,i1 #ajh4 ,arr[-po9ts1 manufacture1 ,i1 #eh4 ,arr[-po9ts1 8rot>y10 ,i1 #fh4 ,arr[-%aft r$uc]s1 ,,ii1 #acd4 ,arr[-w\nds1 ,i1 #aab4 ,art at its be/ be=e ,european contact1 ,,ii1 #fg4 ,art 9 fl9t-*ipp+1 ,i1 #ace4 ,artifacts1 numb] available = /udy1 ,i1 #aj4 ,a%-pits z pres]vatives1 ,,ii1 #acf4 ,atlantic ,coa/1 %ells1 ,,ii1 #aah1 #abj4 ,atlatls1 ,utah1 ,,ii1 #ccf4 ,awls ( bone1 ,,ii1 #acd2 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #ccj4 ,axes1 ,i1 #ahf ff42 ca*$1 ,i1 #bba2 manufacture1 ,i1 #bbf ff42 conclusions1 ,i1 #cbb ff42 copp]1 ,,ii1 #ahj4 ,ba9bridge1 ,ohio1 l>ge blade1 ,i1 #bcc4 ,b&$ slate1 mat]ial = problematical =ms1 ,i1 #cdc4 ,bangles ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bbe4 8,bann]0 /ones1 ,i1 #cdf2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bbd2 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #ccb4 ,b>-amulets1 ,i1 #djb4 ,b>b$ axes1 ,i1 #cab4 ,b>k1 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cci4 ,b>n>d1 ,w4 ,c41 ,i1 #dc4 ,b>r1 ,james ,a41 ,i1 #aed4 ,b>rett1 ,pr(essor ,s4 ,a41 pipes1 ,,ii1 #hh2 ,cayapa ,indians1 ,,ii1 #cfc4 ,basalt1 ,,ii1 #aaa4 ,baskets1 ,,ii1 #bce4 ,batra*ians1 repres5t$ 9 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhg4 ,bay-bah-dwung-gay-au% 78,daydodge071 ,,ii1 #cef4 8,bayonet-back$ spe>-po9ts10 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #baj4 ,beads1 ,i1 #cee1 #dec2 ( %ell1 ,,ii1 #aah2 ( bone1 ,,ii1 #acd2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bbd2 ( glass1 ,,ii1 #bbg4 ,beasley1 ,b41 ,montgom]y1 ,alabama1 ,,ii1 #aba4 ,beau*amp1 ,dr4 ,wm41 ,i1 #bfj1 #chj2 ,,ii1 #ad4 ,bell-%ap$ pe/les1 ,,ii1 #ajb4 ,b5$ict1 ,f4 ,m41 ,,ii1 #bjb4 ,bevel$ po9ts1 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bjb4 ,bicaves1 ,i1 #ddc ff42 ,,ii1 #cej4 ,bird1 mu* 9 evid5ce 9 prehi/oric sculpture1 ,,ii1 #hj2 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhg4 ,bird-/ones 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #ccb4 ,bird-/ones1 ,,ii1 #d ff42 unf9i%$1 ,,ii1 #h4 ,black ,hills1 ,,ii1 #cfb4 ,bludgeon1 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bbd4 ,bluffs1 work$ into mort>s1 ,,ii1 #ajb4 ,boas1 ,pr(essor ,franz1 ,,ii1 #cfc4 ,boat-%ap$ objects1 ,i1 #cda1 #djb4 ,bone1 9 g5]al1 ,,ii1 #acd ff42 z mat]ial = ornam5ts1 ,i1 #ceh4 ,bor]s1 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cca4 ,b\ld]s1 z mort>s1 ,,ii1 #ajb4 ,b\ld] ru9 culture1 ,,ii1 #cfb4 ,b[s1 classifi$1 ,i1 #aje4 ,b[s & arr[s1 ,i1 #ajj ff4 ,b[ls f tree-knots1 ,i1 #bhh4 ,boyle1 ,pr(essor ,david1 ,,ii1 #ag4 ,bracelets1 ,i1 #cef2 ( %ell1 ,,ii1 #acb2 ( horn1 ,,ii1 #aed4 ,bragg's collection ( pipes1 ,,ii1 #hi4 ,braid+1 me?ods1 ,,ii1 #bdb4 ,brew]ton1 ,new ,york1 ,i1 #bgj4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,,ii1 #hi4 ,brok5 w+$ =ms1 ,i1 #cgi4 ,br[]1 ,j4 ,v41 ,,ii1 #aec4 ,br[n1 ,c4 ,e41 ,wiscons91 etc41 ,i1 #aa1 #ahj1 #bci1 #cjf1 #cgd1 #chf1 #dah2 ,,ii1 #aae1 #aef1 #afa1 #bid1 #cjd4 ,buffalo1 classification ( uses1 ,i1 #bjg2 ext]m9ation1 ,i1 #bjh-bji2 bones1 ,,ii1 #aej4 ,buffalo hides1 prep>ation1 ,i1 #bjh4 ,bull-ro>]s1 ,i1 #daf4 ,burial ( problematical =ms1 ,i1 #cdg4 ,busycon %ells1 ,,ii1 #abb4 8,butt]fly0 /ones1 ,i1 #cda4 ,cabeza de ,vaca1 ,i1 #ib4 ,ca*es1 flakes1 etc41 ,i1 #eg1 #aff2 leaf-%ap$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #ach2 fl9t objects1 ,i1 #baf2 b[ls1 ,,ii1 #aab4 ,cali=nia1 qu>ries1 ,i1 #ce2 obsidian blades1 ,i1 #bcb2 r+s1 ,i1 #ddb2 pe/les1 ,,ii1 #ajc4 ,calumet pipe1 ,,ii1 #da4 ,canada1 nor!a/]n1 celts1 adzes1 & g\ges1 ,i1 #bgc2 h>poons1 ,,ii1 #acg4 ,canadian culture areas1 ,,ii1 #cfc4 ,cannel-coal1 gorget1 ,i1 #cgc4 ,cannibals1 ,,ii1 #cdh4 ,canoes1 manufacture1 ,i1 #bhj4 ,c>ol9a1 e>-bobs1 ,i1 #cef2 %ells1 ,,ii1 #abb4 ,c>r1 ,a4 ,b41 ,etna ,mills1 ,,ii1 #cjh4 ,c>r1 ,luci51 ,i1 #cej4 ,c>v+s on pipes1 ,,ii1 #dh4 ,catl91 collection ( ,indian portraits1 ,i1 #eb4 ,catl9ite1 ,,ii1 #da2 a comp>atively rec5t m9]al1 ,,ii1 #ea4 ,catl9ite qu>ries1 ,,ii1 #db4 ,caves1 ( ,k5tucky & ! ,oz>ks1 ,,ii1 #bce4 ,cave-,dwell] culture1 ,,ii1 #cfb4 ,cayapa ,indians1 ,,ii1 #cfc4 ,celts1 ,i1 #ahf ff42 7gr\nd71 ,i1 #beb ff42 conclusions1 ,i1 #cbb ff42 ( bone1 ,,ii1 #acd4 ,celts 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cca4 ,cemet]ies1 ,t5nessee1 ,i1 #afd4 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 metates1 ,,ii1 #aaf4 ,c5tral & we/]n ,p5nsylvania culture-gr\p1 ,,ii1 #cei4 8,c]emonials10 ,i1 #cdf4 ,c]emonial pipes1 ,,ii1 #eg4 8,c]emonial swords10 ,i1 #afb4 ,*aco ,gr\p1 ,,ii1 #acc4 ,*amb]l91 ,t4 ,c41 ,i1 #cd4 ,*ampla91 ,lake1 ,i1 #bcf4 ,*&l]1 ,g4 ,p41 ,knoxville1 ,t5nessee1 ,i1 #dee4 ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c41 ,museum1 ,i1 #aj4 8,*>ms10 ,i1 #cdf4 ,*attanooga1 ,t5nessee1 discoidals1 ,i1 #dea4 ,*esapeake region1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bcf4 ,*ipp$ implem5ts1 ,sell>s's rem>ks1 ,i1 #dh ff42 types3 knives1 *apt] ,v1 p4 #hj ff42 projectile po9ts1 *apt] ,,vi1 p4 #ii ff42 *apt] ,,vii1 p4 #abg ff42 unusual =ms1 *apt] ,,viii1 p4 #aed ff42 conclusions1 ,i1 #bcb ff4 ,*ippewa ,indians1 ,,ii1 #aei1 #afg4 ,*ipp+-tools ( bone1 ,,ii1 #acd4 ,*isels1 copp]1 ,,ii1 #ahd4 ,*oice ( mat]ials1 ,i1 #bid ff4 ,*unky /ones1 ,i1 #ddd4 ,c9c9nati 7,ohio71 ,art ,museum1 ,i1 #ccd4 ,classification1 by ,committee on ,nom5clature1 ,i1 #bc ff4 ,classification1 ne$ (1 ,i1 #i2 pres5t$1 #ca ff42 ( pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bgh2 ( hematites1 ,,ii1 #cja4 ,classification1 plans =1 ,i1 #aj ff4 ,claws1 z ornam5ts1 ,i1 #cef4 ,cliff-,dwell]s1 axes1 ,i1 #cab1 #caf2 mano-/ones1 ,,ii1 #ajc4 ,cliff-,dwell] c\ntry1 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #beg4 ,cliff-,dwell] culture1 ,,ii1 #cfb4 ,cliff ru9s 9 ,utah1 ,,ii1 #ccf4 ,clo?1 z wrapp+ = copp] objects1 ,,ii1 #bcd4 ,c(f9-%ap$ gorgets1 ,i1 #cda4 ,collie1 ,pr(essor ,g4 ,l41 ,i1 #bhi4 ,columbia ,valley1 ,i1 #bcc4 ,columbia ,valley culture area1 ,,ii1 #cfc4 ,conclusions ( 8,/one ,age10 ,,ii1 #cdd ff4 ,conical projectile po9ts ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bjf4 ,conv5tional design1 ,,ii1 #bhh4 ,conv5tionalization1 ,,ii1 #bhh4 ,copp]1 discov]y (1 ,,ii1 #afh2 di/ribution (1 ,,ii1 #agd2 fabrication (1 ,,ii1 #agb ff42 9 g5]al1 ,,ii1 #afa ff42 manufacture (1 aborig9al1 ,,ii1 #afe2 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #ccb2 9 ,pla9s ( ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cce2 9 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cdb4 ,copp]-ca/+1 n aborig9al1 ,,ii1 #agc1 #agd4 ,cord = atta*+ e>-r+s1 ,,ii1 #bbg4 ,cores 7,fl9t ,ridge1 ,o471 ,fig4 #bg1 ,i1 p4 #cc4 ,corn 7maize71 ,,ii1 #if4 8,corn-%ell]s10 ,,ii1 #cad4 ,corn/alk1 ,,ii1 #cde4 ,coronado's hi/orian1 ,,ii1 #cdh4 ,co%octon1 ,ohio1 ,i1 #ce4 ,cresc5ts1 ,i1 #cda1 #djb2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bbh4 ,crosby1 ,h4 ,a41 ,i1 #bgd4 ,crosses1 z decoration1 ,i1 #djd2 on %ell1 ,,ii1 #aca4 ,cr[ ,indians1 necklaces1 ,i1 #baf4 ,culture-gr\ps1 ,,ii1 #ceg ff4 ,cumb]l& ,valley 7,t5nessee & ,k5tucky71 ,,ii1 #abc2 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bef4 ,cup-/ones1 ,,ii1 #cad ff4 ,cu%+1 ,f4 ,h41 ,i1 ,,ii2 8gorgets z bases10 ,i1 #dab2 ,p9ey ,bran*1 ,i1 #ci2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agc4 ,cyl9d]s ( copp] 7beads71 ,,ii1 #bbe4 ,dakota1 culture area1 ,,ii1 #cfc4 ,dakota ,indians1 ,,ii1 #aff1 #afg4 ,de]1 ,,ii1 #aej4 ,deg5]ation1 ( =ms1 ,i1 #cb2 ( c]emonial1 ,,ii1 #fa4 ,delaw>e ,riv]1 ,i1 #ce2 axes1 ,i1 #cbc2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agd4 ,delaw>e ,valley & region 7culture-gr\p71 ,,ii1 #cei4 ,d5v] ,museum1 ,colorado1 ,,ii1 #bce4 ,digg+-tools 7see also ,agricultural implem5ts71 ( %ell1 ,,ii1 #abj4 ,discs1 ,i1 #ih2 ca*$1 ,i1 #baf2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #ahj2 ( clay1 ,,ii1 #bfd4 ,discoidal /ones1 ,i1 #ddc ff4 ,discus-?r[]1 figure 9 resemblance on %ell gorget1 ,,ii1 #abe4 ,disease among aborig9es1 ,,ii1 #cdf4 ,div]sity ( cultures z an argum5t = antiquity1 ,,ii1 #cec4 ,division ( labor1 ,i1 #ed4 ,dome/ic sci5ce1 ,,ii1 #acg4 ,dom9ion ,museum1 ,toronto1 ,ont>io1 ,i1 #ccd4 ,dorsey1 ,g4 ,a41 ,i1 #f4 8,d\ble-bitt$0 axes1 ,i1 #cjg4 ,d\glas1 ,a4 ,e41 ,i1 #djb4 ,dress ( ,am]ican ,indians1 ,i1 #cej4 ,drift-copp]1 9 ,wiscons9 & ,mi*igan1 ,,ii1 #bca4 ,drills1 z w>-po9ts1 ,i1 #abb4 ,ea/]n ,canada1 9 /one age1 ,h4 ,montgom]y1 ,,ii1 #ccj4 ,ea/man1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,a41 ,i1 #bdi4 ,eddyville1 ,k5tucky1 %ell gorget1 ,,ii1 #abe4 ,et[ah ,gr\p1 ,georgia1 ,,ii1 #bf4 ,evolution ( ornam5ts1 ,i1 #ccb4 ,extreme ,nor?1 abs5ce ( pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bdh4 ,folk-lore1 value (1 ,i1 #f4 ,eagle1 reali/ically treat$1 ,,ii1 #bhh4 ,e>-pi]c+1 ,i1 #cec-ced4 ,e>-plugs1 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bbg4 ,e>r+s1 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bbf4 ,ea/]n ,canada culture-gr\p1 ,,ii1 #ceh4 ,effigies1 ,,ii1 #a ff42 ( %ell1 ,,ii1 #acb2 ( bone1 ,,ii1 #acd2 ( clay1 ,,ii1 #bfd4 ,effigy pe/les1 ,,ii1 #aad2 pipes1 ,,ii1 #eg4 ,egyptian pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bgh4 ,elk1 ,,ii1 #aej4 ,ellswor?1 ,w4 ,h41 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons91 ,i1 #bdj4 ,eskimo h>poons1 ,,ii1 #acg4 ,ey$ projectile po9ts ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bjb4 ,fea!r objects 9 ,utah1 ,,ii1 #ccg4 ,fewkes1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,w41 %ell effigies1 ,,ii1 #acc4 ,field ,museum1 ,*icago1 ,ill9ois1 ,i1 #bcb1 #ccd4 ,field /udy1 ,,ii1 #cfe ff4 ,figur$ /amp1 ,,ii1 #bhf4 ,f+]-r+s1 ,i1 #ddb2 ( %ell1 ,,ii1 #acb2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bbf4 ,f9i%+-%ops1 ,i1 #cg-ch4 ,fi%es repres5t$ 9 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhg4 ,fi%-bladd]s z ornam5ts1 ,i1 #cef4 ,fi%-hooks1 ,,ii1 #acd2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bbb4 ,fi%+ by h>poons1 ,,ii1 #adj4 ,fi%-nets1 ,,ii1 #ada4 ,five ,nations1 ,,ii1 #ccj4 ,fl9t celts1 classifi$1 ,i1 #aia2 r>e at ,fl9t ,ridge1 ,ohio1 ,i1 #aif4 ,fl9t ,ridge1 ,ohio1 ,i1 #ce4 ,florida1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bci2 %ells1 ,,ii1 #abb2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agd4 ,flut$ celts1 ,i1 #bgb4 ,flut$ /one axes1 ,i1 #caf ff4 ,=t ,anci5t1 ,ohio1 ,i1 #cgc4 ,=t ,anci5t culture1 ,,ii1 #bej4 ,f[ke1 ,g41 ,i1 #aj2 on qu>ry+1 ,i1 #cf2 on discoidal /ones1 ,i1 #ddg2 on copp]1 ,,ii1 #agc4 ,franck1 ,h4 ,w41 ,,ii1 #cfj4 ,frank=t1 ,ohio1 gorget1 ,i1 #cgc4 ,game-bones1 z 8good m$ic9e10 ,i1 #dci4 ,georgia1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bch2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agd4 ,g]5d1 ,a41 ,,ii1 #bjf4 ,glacial man1 ,i1 #cd4 ,gorgets1 ,i1 #cda & passim2 9 g5]al1 ,i1 #cfb ff42 remade1 ,i1 #cfb1 #cgd2 re-p]=at$1 ,i1 #cfg2 on skeletons1 ,i1 #cgb2 ( %ell1 ,,ii1 #abb ff42 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #ahj1 #bbg2 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cca4 ,g\ges1 ,i1 #bed2 conclusions1 ,i1 #cbb ff42 copp]1 ,,ii1 #ahh2 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cca4 ,g\rds1 ,,ii1 #bch4 ,graves1 occurr5ce ( copp] 91 ,,ii1 #bcc4 ,great ,pla9s1 l>ge proportion ( scrap]s on1 ,i1 #bje4 ,greece1 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bgh4 ,gre5/one1 ,i1 #cjj4 ,grooves1 v>iety1 ,i1 #cbf4 ,groov$ /one axes1 ,i1 #bhg ff42 classifi$1 ,i1 #cjf-cjg1 #cab4 ,gr\nd /one1 ,i1 #bea ff4 ,gru5b]g1 ,pr(essor ,b4 ,c41 ,,ii1 #cfg4 ,gulf ( ,cali=nia1 %ells1 ,,ii1 #acb4 ,gulf ,/ates1 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bdg4 ,gums = fa/5+ ! haft+1 ,i1 #bhf4 ,haft+1 scrap]s1 ,i1 #bje2 celts1 ,i1 #bhd2 8spuds10 ,i1 #dcj2 bone1 ,,ii1 #aea4 ,hair-dress+1 ,i1 #cef4 ,hairp9s1 ,i1 #baj4 ,hamilton1 ,h4 ,p41 ,i1 #bdb2 ,,ii1 #afa4 ,hamm]s1 ,canadian ,pla9s1 ,,ii1 #ccc2 ,utah1 ,,ii1 #cch2 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cda4 ,hamm]-/ones1 ,i1 #cf1 #bbd ff42 types1 ,i1 #bcj4 8,h&book ( ,am]ican ,indians10 comp>$ ) 8,! ,/one ,age10 ,i1 #a2 problematical =ms1 ,i1 #cdc4 ,h&-hat*et1 ,i1 #aig1 #bgj4 ,h&les1 fa/5$ ) s9ews & gum1 ,i1 #bhf2 ( bone1 ,,ii1 #acd4 ,h>poons1 ,,ii1 #acd2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bad2 ( bone 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #ccj4 ,hat*ets1 ,i1 #beb4 ,head-dresses1 ,,ii1 #acd4 ,hematite1 :]e f\nd1 ,,ii1 #bie2 plummets1 ,,ii1 #bie4 ,hematite objects1 ca*$1 ,i1 #bba2 9 g5]al1 ,,ii1 #bie ff4 ,h]rmann1 ,r41 ,dubuque1 ,i[a1 ,,ii1 #aei4 ,hiawa?a traditions1 ,,ii1 #cef4 ,hodge1 ,f4 ,w41 ,i1 #aa4 ,hoes1 ( %ell1 ,,ii1 #abj4 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,h41 ,i1 #aj1 #cd1 #bhi2 ,potomac-,*esapeake ,prov9ce1 ,i1 #ch2 ,afton1 ,indian ,t]ritory 7,oklahoma71 ,i1 #bae2 problematical =ms1 ,i1 #cdf2 qu>ries1 ,,ii1 #ajd2 %ell objects1 ,,ii1 #abd2 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bdg4 ,hopewell ,gr\p1 ca*e ( discs1 ,i1 #bah2 value ( beads1 ,,ii1 #abb4 ,horses1 unkn[n to aborig9es1 ,,ii1 #cff4 ,ho/ility ( ,indians to :ites1 ,,ii1 #cff4 ,h\mas1 ,,ii1 #cej4 ,hrdlika1 ,dr4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #ceb4 ,human effigies1 ,,ii1 #be4 ,human features 9 fl9t1 ,i1 #afb2 on pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhg4 ,hupa ,indians1 ,,ii1 #fi4 ,hurons1 ,,ii1 #ccj4 ,ice1 celts us$ = *opp+1 ,i1 #bgj4 ,ill9ois1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bdb2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agd2 culture1 ,,ii1 #cfj4 ,impressions ( fabrics1 ,,ii1 #bce4 ,incis$ vs4 pla/ic designs1 ,,ii1 #bhh4 ,indians1 comp>$ ) ,au/ralians & ,africans1 ,i1 #cca4 ,indian ,t]ritory 7,oklahoma71 ,i1 #hf2 qu>ries1 #ace4 ,ins]tion1 inlay+1 ,,ii1 #aee4 ,inv5tion ( specializ$ tools1 ,,ii1 #bhf4 ,i[a1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bdb2 bird-/ones1 ,,ii1 #e2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agd2 ,/ate ,museum1 ,,ii1 #cad4 ,iron1 use (1 ,,ii1 #cdd2 arr[-po9ts (1 us$ = trade1 ,i1 #eb4 ,iroquoian culture-gr\p1 ,,ii1 #ceh-cei4 ,iroquois pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bdh4 ,irv+1 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,d41 ,,ii1 #ceb4 8,jesuit ,relations10 ,i1 #d2 ,,ii1 #aff4 ,jesup ,nor? ,pacific ,exp$ition1 ,i1 #cjb4 ,jew%>p pipe1 ,,ii1 #cb2 orig91 ,,ii1 #eb1 #ec4 ,jones1 ,dr4 ,j41 ,i1 #dbb4 ,kansas pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bgj4 ,kansas-,i[a buffalo culture1 ,,ii1 #cfa4 ,kelley ,cav]n1 ,arkansas1 ,,ii1 #ajf1 #acf4 ,k5tucky1 types ( *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bch2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agd2 culture1 ,,ii1 #cfj4 ,k]n1 ,d4 ,n41 ,i1 #ch4 ,knives1 ( bone1 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #ccj2 *ipp$1 passim2 see also1 ,po9ts2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #aif2 ( /one 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cca4 ,kroeb]1 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,l41 ,i1 #bdf4 ,kuehne1 ,r41 ,,ii1 #aif4 ,l-%ap$ /ones1 ,i1 #djb4 ,labrador1 mat]ial & its di/ribution1 ,i1 #bdi4 ,labrets1 ,i1 #ceb4 ,lac+ ( s&als1 ,,ii1 #bde4 ,ladles1 ( bone1 ,,ii1 #acd4 ,lagoon ,la ,j>a1 ,cali=nia1 ,,ii1 #ajh4 ,lam91 ,i1 #ccf4 ,lans+ man1 ,,ii1 #ceb4 ,lapid>y1 aborig9al1 ,i1 #ade4 ,lawson1 ,p4 ,v41 ,i1 #bdj4 ,lea!r1 9 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cci4 ,lehigh ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 knives1 ,i1 #hf4 ,l5ni-,l5ape1 ,,ii1 #ceg4 ,lewis1 ,j4 ,b41 ,cali=nia1 ,i1 #dcf2 ,,ii1 #ajf4 ,lewis1 ,pr(essor ,t4 ,h41 ,,ii1 #ahf4 ,l+ui/ic /ocks1 ,,ii1 #ceg4 ,little ,riv]1 ,t5nessee1 ,i1 #ce2 fl9t1 ,i1 #bah4 ,liv+ =ms1 influ5ce on ,am]ican art1 ,,ii1 #c2 9 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhg4 ,logan ,museum1 ,beloit1 ,wiscons91 ,i1 #bda1 #cjh2 ,,ii1 #afa4 ,long1 ,major ,s4 ,h41 ,i1 #ej4 8,long-bitt$0 axes1 ,i1 #cjf4 ,l\isiana1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bch4 ,maces1 ,i1 #dbb4 ,madisonville1 ,ohio1 bone h&les1 ,i1 #bje2 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bej4 ,mah-e5-gonce1 ,ojibwa1 ,i1 #baf4 ,malleat+ pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhj4 ,mall]y1 ,g41 ,,ii1 #a4 ,mammo?1 ,,ii1 #afj4 ,m&ans1 scrap]s1 ,i1 #aih2 necklaces1 ,i1 #baf2 bone implem5ts1 ,,ii1 #aej4 ,manitoba1 ,,ii1 #cda4 ,mano-/ones1 ,,ii1 #ajc4 ,m>riage tok5s 7bird-/ones71 ,,ii1 #af4 ,m>t9's ,creek1 ,p5nsylvania1 problematical =ms1 ,i1 #cgf4 ,mason1 ,o4 ,t41 indu/ries1 ,i1 #af ff4 ,mats1 ,,ii1 #bce4 ,mauls1 ,i1 #bfj2 on ,canadian ,pla9s1 ,,ii1 #ccc4 ,mc,coy1 ,solon1 ,m\nta9 ,home1 ,idaho1 ,,ii1 #ajb4 ,mc,gee1 ,w ,j1 ,i1 #ccj2 ,s]is1 ,,ii1 #cdh4 ,mc,guire1 ,j4 ,d4 7pipes71 ,i1 #aa2 ,,ii1 #bi2 nephrite axe1 ,i1 #bbf ff4 ,m$ic9e-man1 8,bad?+10 ,i1 #id4 ,m]$i?1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,c41 ,i1 #aed1 #dcg2 ,,ii1 #cjh4 ,metates1 ,,ii1 #ie ff4 ,see also ,mort>s4 ,mexico1 metates1 ,,ii1 #aae4 ,mi*igan1 ,,ii1 #ahf1 & passim4 ,see also "u ,wiscons94 ,mi*igan1 b>b$ axes1 ,i1 #cab4 ,midiwew9 ,society1 ,,ii1 #cef4 ,migration1 ,i1 #bdi4 ,mills1 ,w4 ,c41 ,,ii1 #gi1 #adh4 ,mill-/ones1 ,,ii1 #ajf4 ,milton ,college1 ,,ii1 #afa4 ,milwaukee ,public ,museum1 ,i1 #bda1 #cjh4 ,m9nesota1 bird-/ones1 ,,ii1 #e2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agd4 ,mississippi1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bch2 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bgj4 ,mississippi ,valley1 axes1 ,i1 #cbc2 importance (1 ,,ii1 #cdf4 ,miss\ri1 qu>ries1 ,i1 #ce2 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bdb2 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bef2 hematite1 ,,ii1 #bie2 culture area1 hematite belt1 ,,ii1 #cfj4 ,miss\ri ,hi/orical ,society1 ,i1 #bcb4 ,mit*ell1 ,s4 ,d41 ,,ii1 #afa4 ,mix$ cultures1 may be f\nd toge!r1 ,,ii1 #gg4 ,moccas9 ,b5d1 ,t5nessee1 ,i1 #bcb4 ,monitor pipes1 ,,ii1 #cc2 ,wiscons91 ,ill9ois1 & ,indiana1 ,,ii1 #dj4 ,montgom]y1 ,alabama1 ,i1 #dcj4 ,montgom]y1 ,h5ry1 ,,ii1 #bdb2 r$uc+ /one1 ,,ii1 #cac2 ea/]n ,canada1 ,utah1 & ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #ccj ff4 ,moore1 ,c4 ,b41 ,i1 #cbh1 #dbb1 #dcj2 %ells1 ,,ii1 #abj2 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bdg4 ,moose-antl]2 imitat$ 9 fl9t1 ,i1 #afj4 ,mort>s1 ,,ii1 #ie ff4 ,mort>s & pe/les1 n always f\nd toge!r1 ,,ii1 #aaa4 ,m\nds1 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #ccj4 ,m\nt+4 ,see ,haft+4 8,mull]s10 ,i1 #dcd4 ,musical in/rum5ts1 ,,ii1 #afj4 ,mutilation1 = purposes ( ornam5t1 ,i1 #ceb-cec4 8,my/]y10 ,indian1 ,i1 #bae4 8,my/]y /ones10 ,i1 #bdi4 ,national ,museum1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,,ii1 #ab4 ,navajo blankets1 ,,ii1 #cee4 ,nebraska pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bgj4 ,necklaces1 ( bone1 ,,ii1 #adb4 ,ne$les1 ( bone1 ,,ii1 #aeg2 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #ccj2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bba4 ,nelson1 ,c4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #abe4 ,net-s9k]s1 ,i1 #dcb4 ,new ,brunswick1 limit ( bird-/ones1 ,,ii1 #e4 ,new ,engl&1 slate spe>-heads1 ,i1 #bcd1 #bcf2 celts1 adzes1 & g\ges1 ,i1 #bgc2 w+$ =ms1 ,i1 #chf2 pe/les1 ,,ii1 #ajb2 h>poons1 ,,ii1 #acg2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agh2 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bdh2 culture-gr\p1 ,,ii1 #ceh4 ,new ,hamp%ire1 qu>tzite1 etc41 ,i1 #bcd4 ,new ,j]sey1 long sl5d] *ipp$ =ms1 ,i1 #bcf4 ,new ,mexico1 qu>ries1 ,i1 #ce2 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bdd4 ,new ,york ,/ate1 h>poons1 ,,ii1 #acg4 ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 ,i1 #bfj4 ,nom5clature committee1 memb]%ip1 ,i1 #aa4 ,nor!rn ,cali=nia culture1 ,,ii1 #cfb4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agd4 ,nor?we/ ,pacific ,coa/ culture1 ,,ii1 #cfc4 ,nose-pi]c+1 ,i1 #cec-ced4 ,nose r+s1 ,i1 #cee4 ,not*$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #dbf4 ,not*$ projectile po9ts ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bjb4 ,not*$ rattles1 ,,ii1 #aei4 ,nut-crack+ by ,indians1 ,,ii1 #cbb4 ,objects ( bone1 ,canadian ,pla9s1 ,,ii1 #ccd2 ,utah1 ,,ii1 #ccg2 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cdj2 ( %ell1 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cca2 ,canadian ,pla9s1 ,,ii1 #cce2 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cdj2 ( wood1 9 ,utah1 ,,ii1 #ccf4 ,obs]vation necess>y to an ar*ologi/1 ,,ii1 #cea4 ,obsidian blades1 _! value1 ,i1 #bdf4 ,ohio1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bch2 gorgets1 ,i1 #cgc2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agd2 culture1 ,,ii1 #cfj4 ,ohio ,riv] betwe5 ,aurora & ,lawr5ceburg1 ,indiana1 ,,ii1 #cde4 ,ohio ,/ate ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,society1 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 ,i1 #ccd4 ,ohio ,valley1 *isel celts1 ,i1 #cbd4 ,ojibwa1 ,i1 #dcb2 ,,ii1 #dj1 #fg1 #cef4 ,ollas1 = cook+1 ,,ii1 #bfd4 ,ornam5ts1 ,i1 #cbi ff42 ( bone1 ,,ii1 #acd2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bcj ff42 ( silv]1 ,,ii1 #bcj4 ,osages1 ,,ii1 #ced4 ,o%ko% ,libr>y ,collection1 ,,ii1 #aif4 ,oz>k culture area1 ,,ii1 #cfa4 ,oz>k region1 axes1 ,i1 #bcd4 ,pacific ,coa/1 knives1 ,i1 #if2 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bdd4 ,paddles1 ,,ii1 #bhj4 ,paducah1 ,k5tucky1 pebbles1 ,i1 #gj1 #abf4 ,pa9t+1 or tattoo-m>ks1 ,,ii1 #abf4 ,pa9t-pe/les1 ,i1 #dcd4 ,pa9t-/ones1 z mort>s1 ,,ii1 #ajb4 ,pa9t-/one hematite1 ,,ii1 #cja4 ,paloli?ic =ms ) resemblances 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cca4 ,paloli?ic implem5ts1 ,i1 #ha4 ,pal5que1 ,mexico1 ,,ii1 #fa4 ,p>k]1 ,w4 ,?ornton1 ,m4 ,d41 ,i1 #abb4 ,pat9ation1 ,i1 #agh2 ,,ii1 #ceb4 ,peabody1 ,c41 ,i1 #aa1 #cfb1 #dca4 ,peabody1 ,r4 ,s41 ,,ii1 #be4 ,peabody ,museum1 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts1 ,i1 #bcb1 #ccd1 #cfb4 ,peabody ,museum1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 ,,ii1 #ajd4 ,peale1 ,c4 ,w41 ( ! ,philadelphia ,museum1 ,i1 #ej4 ,pe>ls1 ,i1 #cfj4 ,pebbles1 drill$ & us$ z ornam5ts1 ,i1 #cbi4 ,p5dants1 ,i1 #cbi ff42 ( bone1 ,,ii1 #acd2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bbg4 ,p5nsylvania1 l>ge range ( *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bch4 ,pepp]1 ,g4 ,h41 %ell effigies1 ,,ii1 #acc4 ,p]=at$ clubs1 ,,ii1 #caa4 ,p]=ations1 9 problematical =ms1 ,i1 #cdg2 9 %ell gorgets1 ,,ii1 #abe4 ,p]=ators 7see also ,awls1 ,drills71 9 g5]al1 ,i1 #baj ff42 classification1 ,i1 #baj2 use z p9s1 ,i1 #baj2 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bai4 ,p]i%able mat]ials1 ,i1 #cb2 ,,ii1 #cdd4 ,p]k9s1 ,e4 ,c41 ,,ii1 #baj4 ,p]k9s1 ,pr(essor ,g4 ,h41 ,i1 #bcf1 #bgg4 ,pe/les1 ,,ii1 #ie ff4 ,petaluma1 ,cali=nia1 plummets1 ,i1 #dcf4 ,phallic pe/les1 ,,ii1 #aaf4 ,philadelphia ,museum1 ,,ii1 #bce4 ,phillips ,academy collection1 ,&ov]1 ,massa*usetts1 ,i1 #cfb1 & passim4 ,phnix1 ,arizona1 ,i1 #ach4 ,pick-%ap$ =ms1 ,i1 #cda1 #djb4 ,pictographs on gorget1 ,i1 #chj2 9 g5]al1 ,,ii1 #a4 ,pikes1 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #baf4 ,p9ey ,bran* 7,d4 ,c471 ,i1 #ce4 ,pipes1 ,,ii1 #bi ff42 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cca2 ,canadian ,pla9s1 ,,ii1 #ccd2 ,utah1 ,,ii1 #cch2 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cda4 ,pitt$ /ones1 ,,ii1 #cad ff4 ,pla/ic vs4 incis$ designs1 ,,ii1 #bhh4 ,plummet-%ap$ =ms1 ,i1 #dca ff4 ,po9t$ b[ls = ins]tion 9 ! gr\nd1 ,,ii1 #aad4 ,po9t ( view ( ! peoples ( ! /one age1 ,,ii1 #cfc4 ,population 9 anci5t times1 ,,ii1 #cdd4 ,pott]y1 9 g5]al1 ,,ii1 #bdg2 inv5tion1 ,,ii1 #beh2 classifi$1 ,,ii1 #bgh2 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #ccb2 ,pla9s ( ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cce2 ,utah1 #cch2 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cdb4 ,p[ell1 ,major ,j4 ,w41 ,,ii1 #ceg4 ,preci\s m9]als1 ,,ii1 #cfd4 ,problematical =ms1 9 g5]al1 ,i1 #cbi ff42 peculi> to ,am]ica1 ,i1 #dad4 ,processes ( /one-%ap+1 ,i1 #bhi4 ,progression ( types1 ,i1 #bfj4 ,projectile po9ts1 copp]1 ,,ii1 #ahj1 #aih4 ,prov9cial ,museum1 ,toronto1 ,ont>io1 ,,ii1 #aa4 ,pueblo culture1 ,,ii1 #cfb4 ,pun*es1 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #baf4 ,putnam1 ,pr(essor ,f4 ,w41 ,,ii1 #bce4 ,pyrula %ells1 ,,ii1 #abb4 ,quadrup$s 9 or on pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhg4 ,qu>ries1 ,i1 #cd ff42 soap/one1 ,,ii1 #ajd4 ,qu>ry+ mat]ials1 ,i1 #ca ff4 ,"q ( antiquity ( man 9 ,am]ica1 ,,ii1 #cej ff4 ,rat-tail files1 discussion1 ,,ii1 #acc4 ,rattles1 ,i1 #ceg2 ( clay1 ,,ii1 #bfa4 ,rau1 ,dr4 ,*>les1 ,i1 #dba4 ,re$]1 ,j4 ,t41 ,,ii1 #abd4 ,ream]s1 ,i1 #bab4 ,re-*ipp$ specim5s1 ,i1 #abd4 ,rejects1 ,i1 #dc1 ,fig4 #cf4 ,re-made specim5s1 axes z hamm]s1 ,i1 #bca2 problematical =ms1 ,i1 #cdg4 ,r5aissance art1 ,,ii1 #cee4 ,rep\ss "w1 copp]1 ,,ii1 #bcd4 ,rhode ,isl&1 pe/le1 ,,ii1 #aad4 ,ribbons ( 7! moose71 ,,ii1 #aei4 ,ribs ( animals1 z knives1 etc41 ,,ii1 #acd4 ,ridg$ gorgets1 ,i1 #cda2 develop+ into b>s1 ,i1 #djc4 ,r+s1 ,i1 #ddj2 ( clay1 ,,ii1 #bfd4 ,rivet-holes 9 sockets1 ,,ii1 #baj4 ,rocky ,m\nta9 culture1 ,,ii1 #cfa-cfb4 ,rocky ,m\nta9 region1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bdb4 ,roll$ socket$ po9ts1 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bab4 ,roll] pe/les1 ,,ii1 #aad4 ,rubb+ pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhj4 ,rud5ess ( object no evid5ce ( antiquity1 ,i1 #hb4 ,ru/1 ,h4 ,n41 ,i1 #bde4 8,saddle-/ones10 ,,ii1 #e4 ,/4 ,francis ,bas91 ,arkansas1 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bef4 ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,bas91 celts1 ,i1 #bfg2 h>poons1 ,,ii1 #acg4 ,salado ,valley1 ,arizona1 ,,ii1 #aca1 #acb4 ,salts ,cave1 ,k5tucky1 ,,ii1 #bch4 ,saltpet]1 z pres]vative1 ,,ii1 #bch4 ,s&als1 ,,ii1 #bce4 ,santo ,dom+o1 celts1 ,i1 #cbh4 ,saskat*ewan1 ,,ii1 #cda4 ,savage1 ,fa!r ,james1 ,i1 #cab4 ,savage vs4 b>b>ic cultures1 ,,ii1 #cdh4 ,savannah ,riv]1 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhj4 ,sc>ify+ ( pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhg4 ,second>y uses ( =ms1 ,i1 #cid ff4 ,sc&9avian dagg]s1 ,i1 #fb4 ,sceptres1 ,i1 #aff4 ,s*uma*]1 ,j4 ,p41 ,i1 #bdb4 ,s*uette1 ,g41 ,,ii1 #aif4 ,scrap]s1 comp>$ ) ,eskimo1 ,i1 #fg2 9 g5]al1 ,i1 #aih ff42 classifi$1 ,i1 #aih2 m\nt+1 ,i1 #bje2 ( bone1 ,,ii1 #acd2 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #ccj1 #cca4 ,scrap+ pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhj4 ,screw-pressure1 ,i1 #ga4 ,seev]1 ,w4 ,j41 ,i1 #afd4 ,sell>s1 ,g41 ,i1 #dj1 #dh4 ,sem9oles1 ,,ii1 #ced4 ,s]is1 ,i1 #ccj2 ,,ii1 #cdh4 ,s]p5t1 reali/ically treat$1 ,,ii1 #bhh4 ,%>p5+-/ones1 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cda4 ,%awano sites1 ,,ii1 #cde4 ,%ell1 ,,ii1 #aag ff42 9 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cdj4 ,%ell gorgets1 ,,ii1 #abb ff4 ,%\ld] blades ( animals1 z digg+-tools1 ,,ii1 #acd4 ,%uttles1 ,i1 #daj4 ,s9ew1 = haft+1 ,i1 #bhf4 ,s9ew-smoo!r1 ,i1 #cfi4 8,s9ew /one10 ,,ii1 #cad4 ,si\x1 necklaces1 ,i1 #baf2 pipes1 ,,ii1 #dj4 ,sites1 prehi/oric1 hi/oric1 mod]n1 ,,ii1 #cdd1 #cde4 ,skull1 incru/$ ) %ells1 ,,ii1 #ceb4 ,slate spe>s1 9 ea/]n ,canada1 ,,ii1 #cca4 ,smi?1 ,capta9 ,john1 ,i1 #di4 ,smi?1 ,h>lan ,i41 ,i1 #cjb4 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bcb1 #ccd2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #afa2 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhj2 hematites1 ,,ii1 #cjb4 ,snake-=m 9 necklaces1 ,,ii1 #aee4 ,snyd]1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,f41 ,virg9ia1 ,ill9ois1 ,i1 #bah1 #dbg4 ,sockets1 copp]1 ,,ii1 #aij4 ,socket$ po9ts1 ,,ii1 #ahj4 ,soap/one1 ,,ii1 #ajd4 ,s\? ,am]ica1 copp]1 ,,ii1 #afe4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bci4 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia culture1 ,,ii1 #cfb4 ,s\!rn culture areas1 ,,ii1 #cfa4 ,s\?we/1 num]\s effigies1 ,,ii1 #bc4 ,spades1 manufacture1 ,i1 #fd4 ,spatulas1 copp]1 ,,ii1 #aib4 ,specialization 9 "w1 ,i1 #ade ff4 ,spikes1 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bbj4 ,sp9dle-:orls1 ,,ii1 #bc4 ,split /ick = haft+1 ,i1 #cje4 ,spool-%ap$ =ms1 ,i1 #djc4 ,spoons1 ( bone1 ,,ii1 #ada4 ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois1 ,i1 #ahj4 ,spuds1 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #ahf4 ,spud-%ap$ =ms1 ,i1 #dah ff42 habitat1 ,i1 #dba4 ,squa%1 ,,ii1 #bch4 ,squi] & ,davis1 ,,ii1 #acc4 ,/amp+ pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bhj4 ,/anley1 ,h4 ,m41 ,,ii1 #cfg4 ,/>r1 ,pr(essor ,fr$]ick1 ,,ii1 #aei4 ,/eatite1 ,,ii1 #ajd4 ,/e9brueck1 ,e4 ,r41 ,m&an collection1 ,i1 #aih2 ,,ii1 #aej4 ,/ems1 classifi$1 ,i1 #ii4 ,/ockton1 ,cali=nia1 ,i1 #aed4 ,/odd>d1 ,h4 ,l41 ,i1 #deb4 8,/one c]emonial swords10 ,,ii1 #cjh4 ,/one graves1 ,t5nessee1 ,,ii1 #bfa2 numb]1 ,,ii1 #cdf4 8,/one swords10 ,i1 #afd4 ,sun-dance1 ,m&an & ,ki[a1 ,i1 #f1 #g4 ,sun-dri$ clay1 liable to disappe>1 ,,ii1 #bfi4 8,sun-fi% spe>s10 ,gre5e ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 ,i1 #bcc4 ,sup]ior-,mi*igan region1 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bci4 ,susquehanna ,riv]1 ,i1 #ce2 axes1 ,i1 #cbc4 8,swords0 ( %ell1 ,,ii1 #aba4 ,symbolic decoration1 ,,ii1 #bhg4 ,symposium on copp]1 ,,ii1 #bcc4 ,tablets1 ,i1 #cdg ff42 ( /one 9 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cda4 ,tattoo-m>ks1 or pa9t+1 ,,ii1 #abf4 ,te*nology ( fl9t implem5ts1 ,i1 #bcd4 ,tecumseh1 ,,ii1 #cde4 ,tee? z ornam5ts1 ,,ii1 #acd4 8,telescopes10 ,i1 #dee4 ,temp]+1 ( pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bef4 ,t5nessee1 types ( *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bch2 bicaves1 ,i1 #ddf2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agd4 ,t5nessee ,hi/orical ,society1 ,i1 #bcb4 ,t5nessee ,valley1 %ell gorgets1 ,,ii1 #abc2 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bef4 ,texas1 ,i1 #dj2 *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bdd4 ,texas culture area1 ,,ii1 #cfa4 ,textile fabrics1 9 g5]al1 ,,ii1 #bce ff4 ,textiles 9 ,utah1 ,,ii1 #ccg4 ,?omas1 ,dr4 ,cyrus1 ,,ii1 #cfg4 ,?ru/on1 ,g5]al ,g4 ,p41 ,i1 #dbb4 ,?und]-bird1 z repres5t$ by w+$ =ms1 ,i1 #chj4 ,tobacco & tobacco-smok+1 ,,ii1 #bi4 ,tomahawks1 ,i1 #bgj4 ,took]1 ,paul ,s41 ,we/field1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,i1 #chj4 ,too!d po9ts1 ( copp]1 ,,ii1 #bjb4 ,tor*es1 ( re$1 ,,ii1 #bch4 ,totems1 ,,ii1 #ag4 ,toys1 ( pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bfa4 ,trade1 aborig9al1 ,i1 #bba2 9 copp]1 ,,ii1 #bc1 #bca4 ,transportation ( mat]ial1 ,i1 #dj ff2 ,i1 #bah-bbj4 ,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,,ii1 #cej4 ,triangul> pieces ( horn1 ,,ii1 #aec1 #aed4 ,tubul> =ms1 ,i1 #dec ff4 ,turtlebacks1 ,,ii1 #dj1 #aia1 #cdh4 ,typha 7cat-tail71 fibres = braid+1 ,,ii1 #bdj4 ,unbak$ clay1 ,dakota1 ,,ii1 #cdb4 ,unf9i%$ fi%-hooks1 process ( manufacture1 ,,ii1 #adh4 ,unf9i%$ w+$ =ms1 ,i1 #cgi4 ,unio %ells1 ,,ii1 #abb4 ,univ]sity ( ,v]mont1 ,,ii1 #ahi4 ,utah1 9 g5]al 7,montgom]y71 ,,ii1 #ccf ff42 culture area1 ,,ii1 #cfc4 ,valuation ( *ipp$ implem5ts1 ,i1 #bde4 ,v>iety 9 c]amics1 ,,ii1 #bhi4 ,village-site ( antiquity1 ,,ii1 #bfi4 ,volk1 ,e41 ,,ii1 #cej4 ,waba% ,riv]1 limit ( effigy pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bej4 ,wagon-pressure1 ,i1 #ga4 ,w> po9ts1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,mississippi1 ,texas1 ,georgia1 ,virg9ia1 ,massa*usetts1 ,oregon1 ,ill9ois1 ,i1 #hf1 #hh4 ,we>+ ( p]=ations1 ,i1 #cgb4 ,wea!r+1 ,,ii1 #cec4 ,w$ges1 copp]1 ,,ii1 #ahd4 ,weirs1 ,,ii1 #ada4 ,we/1 ,g4 ,a41 pipes1 ,,ii1 #bi4 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 plummets1 ,i1 #dcf2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #agd4 ,:i/les1 ,,ii1 #adb4 ,wild hemp1 ,,ii1 #bdb4 ,willamette ,valley1 ,oregon1 small po9ts1 ,i1 #bcc4 ,williams1 ,pr(essor ,e4 ,h41 ,jr41 ,i1 #bje1 #dac2 ,,ii1 #ceb4 ,will\ghby1 ,c4 ,c41 ,i1 #bea4 ,wilson1 ,rev4 ,g4 ,l41 ,,ii1 #aec4 ,wilson1 ,dr4 ,t41 ,i1 #aj1 #cd1 #bea4 ,w+$ =ms ( great] age ?an ! m\nds1 ,i1 #daa4 ,w+$ problematical =ms1 ,i1 #cgf ff4 ,w9nebago ,indians1 ,,ii1 #dj2 ,,ii1 #aei1 #afg4 ,w9tuns1 ,i1 #gd4 ,wiscons91 knives1 ,i1 #ib2 spades1 ,i1 #ahd2 groov$ hamm]s1 ,i1 #bca2 celts1 ,i1 #bgb2 groov$ axes1 ,i1 #cjf2 flut$ axes1 ,i1 #caf2 gorgets1 ,i1 #cgd2 w+$ =ms1 ,i1 #chf2 spuds1 ,i1 #dbg2 pe/les1 ,,ii1 #aae2 bone1 ,,ii1 #aef2 copp]1 ,,ii1 #afa ff42 pott]y1 ,,ii1 #bid2 hematite1 ,,ii1 #cjd4 ,wiscons9 ,ar*ological ,society1 ,,ii1 #afd4 ,wiscons9 ,natural ,hi/ory ,society1 ,,ii1 #afa4 ,wiscons9 ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum1 ,i1 #bda-bdb1 #cjh2 ,,ii1 #afa4 ,woman's knife1 ,,ii1 #caa4 ,wom51 comp>$ ) m5 9 population1 ,,ii1 #acg4 ,wood5 b[ls1 ,,ii1 #ajb4 ,workman%ip1 dep5d+ on mat]ial1 ,i1 #bcc4 ,wrapp+s ( clo?1 ,,ii1 #bjd4 ,wright1 ,pr(essor ,g4 ,fr$]ick1 ,i1 #cd4 ,wright1 ,pr(essor ,john ,h41 ,i1 #aa4 ,wyman1 ,dr4 ,jeffries1 ,,ii1 #ceb4 ,wyom+1 qu>ries1 ,i1 #ce4 ,yale1 ,briti% ,columbia1 ,i1 #cjd4 ,yell[/one ,p>k1 ,i1 #ce4 ,"y1 ,colonel ,b4 ,h41 ,,ii1 #abd2 %ell gorgets1 ,,ii1 #acj2 ,salts ,cave1 ,,ii1 #bch4 ,zigzag ornam5tation1 or patt]n1 ,,ii1 #bad4 ,zimm]man1 ,e4 ,d41 ,kutzt[n1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,,ii1 #cjh4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,smi?sonian ,report = #ahif1 p4 #dea1 ,dr4 ,?omas ,wilson4 ,footnote #b3 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 no4 #a1 vol4 #h1 #aijh4 ,footnote #c3 ,smi?sonian ,report = #ahif1 p4 #dea4 ,footnote #d3 ,poli%$ ,/one ,articles us$ by ! ,new ,york ,aborig9es1 p4 #ef4 ,albany1 #ahig4 ,footnote #e3 ,/one ,art1 ,bureau ( ,e?nology ,report = #ahia-ib1 p4 #abe4 ,footnote #f3 ,gilman1 ,g41 9 ,smi?sonian ,report = #ahgc1 p4 #cga4 ,footnote #g3 ,antiquities ( ! ,s\!rn ,indians1 p4 #cj4 ,footnote #h3 ,notes on ,primitive ,man 9 ,ont>io1 by ,david ,boyle4 ,toronto1 #ahie1 p4 #fg4 ,footnote #i3 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahig1 pages #cfa-fde4 ,footnote #aj3 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 ,april-,augu/1 #aije1 pages #dj-aga4 ,footnote #aa3 8,! ,aborig9al ,pipes ( ,wiscons910 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 ,,iv1 nos4 #c & #d1 p4 #hc4 ,footnote #ab3 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian4 ,footnote #ac3 8,! ,aborig9al ,pipes ( ,wiscons910 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 ,,iv1 nos4 #c & #d1 p4 #acj4 ,footnote #ad3 ,m\ndville ,revisit$1 pp4 #chd-cij4 ,footnote #ae3 8,! ,aborig9al ,pipes ( ,wiscons910 ,wiscons9 ,ar*eologi/1 vol4 ,,iv1 nos4 #c & #d1 p4 #abe4 ,footnote #af3 ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 #ahig1 p4 #dde4 ,footnote #ag3 ,e4 ,a4 ,b>b]1 ,! ,antiquity ( ! ,tobacco ,pipe 9 ,europe1 quot+ ,remb]t ,dodo5s on ! virtues ( colefoot 9 ! 8hi/orie ( plantes10 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 ,,ii1 p4 #f4 ,footnote #ah3 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,octob]-,decemb]1 #aijf1 p4 #fhf4 ,footnote #ai3 8,antiquities ( ! ,florida ,we/ ,coa/10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 ,philadelphia1 #aijj4 ,footnote #bj3 8,%ell ,ornam5ts f ,k5tucky & ,mexico10 ,smi?sonian ,miscellane\s ,collections 7qu>t]ly issue71 vol4 ,,xlv1 p4 #ig4 ,publi%$ ,dec4 #i1 #aijc4 ,footnote #ba3 ,holmes1 9 ,second ,annual ,report1 ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 pl4 ,,lxxiii4 ,footnote #bb3 ,notes on ,primitive ,man 9 ,ont>io4 ,report ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,education = ,ont>io4 ,toronto1 #ahie1 pp4 #gc-ha4 ,footnote #bc3 ,report = ! ye> #aijf1 ( ! ,ohio ,/ate ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,society4 ,footnote #bd3 ,proce$+s ( ! ,dav5port ,academy ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 ix1 pp4 #aha-ahc4 ,footnote #be3 ,f\rte5? ,annual ,report1 ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology4 ,footnote #bf3 ,ar*ological ,hi/ory ( ,ohio1 p4 #gab4 ,footnote #bg3 ,ar*ological ,hi/ory1 p4 #gac4 ,footnote #bh3 8,discussion z to ,copp] f ! ,m\nds10 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 v1 no4 #a1 ,janu>y-,m>*1 #aijc4 ,footnote #bi3 ,tw5tie? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ahih-ii4 ,footnote #cj3 8,explorations ( ! ,waba% ,cemet]y10 ,bullet9 no4 #c1 ,phillips ,academy ,publications1 #aijf4 ,footnote #ca3 8,poli%$ ,/one ,articles us$ by ! ,new ,york ,aborig9es10 ,bullet9 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,museum1 vol4 ,,iv4 no4 #ah4 ,footnote #cb3 ,sev5te5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ahie-if--,! ,s]i ,indians4 ,footnote #cc3 8,fa!r ,gravi]'s ,voyage d[n & up ! ,mississippi10 pp4 #adc1 #add4 ,dat$ ,feb4 #af1 #agja4 ,f ,e>ly ,voyages up & d[n ! ,mississippi4 ,albany1 ,joel ,nunsell1 #ahfa4 ,footnote #cd3 ,ar*ologica ,nova ,cs>ea1 nos4 #a1 #b1 & #c4 ,c4 ,c4 ,abbott1 ,m4 ,d4 ,tr5ton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,footnote #ce3 ,jeffries ,wyman1 ,fre%-,wat] ,%ell ,m\nds ( ! ,/4 ,john's ,riv]1 ,florida1 pp4 #cc1 #fd4 ,peabody ,academy ( ,sci5ce1 ,f\r? ,memoir4 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 #ahge4 ,footnote #cf3 ,prehi/oric ,implem5ts1 sections #g & #i4 ,! ,riv]side ,press ,,cambridge ,,massa*usetts ,u ,s ,a ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,typos fix$2 non-/&>d spell+ & dialect reta9$4 ,us$ numb]s = footnotes1 plac+ !m all at ! end ( ! la/ *apt]4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4 ,enclos$ bold or blacklett] font 9 equals4