,,?rasyma*us ,,?rasyma*us ,,or ,! ,future ( ,morals ,,by ,c4 ,e4 ,m4 ,,joad ,illu/ration ,new ,york ,e4 ,p4 ,,dutton ,,company #fha ,fif? ,av5ue ,copyright #aibf ,,by ,e4 ,p4 ,,dutton ,,company ,all ,rights ,res]v$ ,fir/ ,pr9t+ ,decemb]1 #aibe ,second ,pr9t+ ,m>*1 #aibf ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,morality ,,z ,,! ,,int]e/ ,,( ,,! ,,/rong] #a ,,ii4 ,,h]d ,,morality ,,& ,,! ,,new ,,tyranny ,,( ,,?\ght #ac ,,iii4 ,,! ,,new ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,action #cg ,,iv4 ,,! ,,com+ ,,cla% #eg ,,?rasyma*us ,,*apt] ,i ,,morality ,,z ,,! ,,int]e/ ,,( ,,! ,,/rong] ,?rasyma*us appe>s 9 ! fir/ book ( ,plato's ,republic1 9 :i* ! speak]s discuss ! nature ( ,ju/ice4 ,sev]al t5tative def9itions ( ,ju/ice are giv51 :i* ,socrates has no difficulty 9 %[+ to be inadequate by ! peculi>ly irritat+ me?ods ( dialectic = :i* ! ,a!nians s excusably poison$ him4 ,?rasyma*us !n breaks 94 ,he is a blu/]+1 ov]be>+ p]sonage1 :o makes long spee*es in/ead ( answ]+ ,socrates' que/ions1 &1 :5 driv5 into a corn]1 *>ges ! latt] r irrelevantly ) hav+ a bad cold & omitt+ to use 8 h&k]*ief4 ,requir$ to su/a9 an unpopul> !sis1 he is n unnaturally repres5t$ z an (f5sive p]son4 ,! trick is an old "o & argues well = ,plato's s5se ( dramatic fitness4 ,x %\ld n1 h[ev]1 bl9d u to ! plausibility ( ,?rasyma*us' position4 ,ju/ice1 he says1 is ! int]e/ ( ! /rong]4 ,ask$ h[ he ma9ta9s ?is view1 he po9ts out t ! /rong] control ! gov]nm5t & make ! laws4 ,^! laws are n unnaturally made 9 _! own int]e/2 9 o!r words1 matt]s are s contriv$ t1 by ! m]e process ( obey+ ! laws1 citiz5s are l$ to fur!r ! int]e/s ( ^? :o gov]n !m4 ,morality1 :i* is ! "n we give to law-abid+ conduct1 is1 !re=e1 a device on ! "p ( ! rul]s to ensure subs]vi5ce & cont5tm5t on ! "p ( _! subjects4 ,s9ce subs]vi5t subjects are a joy & a cr$it to intellig5t rul]s1 we may say t ju/ice1 & inde$ morality 9 g5]al1 is ! int]e/ ( ! /rong]4 ,! view t morality is unnatural to human be+s & is impos$ by law 9 ! tee? ( primitive in/9cts :i* are fundam5tally non-moral1 recurs at pretty regul> int]vals ?r\gh\t ! record$ hi/ory ( :at passes = human ?\ght4 ,x re/s ^u :at is call$ ! social contract !ory ( society1 & leads to ! conclusion t human nature is fundam5tally wick$4 ,! life ( man 9 a /ate ( nature 01 z ! philosoph] ,hobbes tells u1 8solit>y1 poor1 na/y1 bruti% & %ort40 ,8 h& 0 aga9/ 8 fell[s & e man's h& 0 aga9/ him4 ,m5 act$ (f5sively#a t[>ds ea* o!r z & :5 !y pleas$1 & 7 re/ra9$ by no?+ b fe> = _! own safety4 ,f9d+ ?is /ate ( affairs intol]able1 m5 agre$ to r5\nce _! natural "r to act (f5sively t[>ds _! fell[s on condition t _! fell[s made a simil> concession z reg>ds !mselves4 ,! be/ ?+ ( all1 ( c\rse1 0 to d :at y lik$ to o!rs )\t _! hav+ ! "r to retaliate4 ,s9ce ?is seem$ impracticable1 ! next be/ ?+ 0 to r5\nce ! full lib]ty to d :at "o lik$1 see+ t x 0 att5d$ by ! obvi\sly unpleasant consequ5ce to oneself ( a simil> lib]ty 9 o!rs1 & to v5ture only ^u ^? actions t ! law all[$4 ,society !n 0 a pis all]4 ,y\r neighb\r1 x 0 true1 c\ld n h>m y1 b !n no long] c\ld y "w y\r own sweet w ^u y\r neighb\r4 ,m5 liv$ at peace ) "o ano!r1 n because !y 7 naturally peaceable & law abid+1 b because !y fe>$ ! consequ5ces ( be+ f\nd out if !y 7 n4 ,once t fe> ( consequ5ces 0 remov$1 !y w\ld rev]t to _! primitive1 natural wick$ness4 ,let a man1 = example1 le>n h[ to become invisible at w &1 z ,plato po9ts out1 no virg9 w\ld be safe1 no /rong box unrifl$4 ,man1 !n1 is made moral by law2 he is n moral by nature4 #a ,! t]m #8act+ (f5sively' 9 ?is connection is us$ to cov] primitive conduct ( ! k9d :i* is suppos$ to attract wick$ & viol5t m51 z1 = example1 c>ry+ (f y\r neighb\r's wife1 rap+ 8 daught]1 /eal+ 8 spoons1 ba%+ 9 or o!rwise mutilat+ 8 face1 & s =?4 ,n[ ! man :o makes ! laws is 9 "o s5se l ! man :o has le>nt h[ to become invisible4 ,i d n mean t he c break ! laws ) impunity1 b he c see to x t he has no inc5tive to break !m4 ,?us we h ! maje/ic imp>tiality ( ! mod]n law :i* =bids ri* & poor alike to sleep 9 doorways4 ,he c also1 z ,?rasyma*us po9ts out1 ensure t1 s long z o!rs keep !m1 8 own p[] w be automatically safegu>d$4 ,&1 s9ce ! law is at once ! prop & ! mirror ( ! public op9ion ( ! community1 &1 s9ce ! public op9ion ( ! community is 9 matt]s ( conduct at once ! gu>dian & ! arbit] ( conv5tional morality1 we may fur!r say t ! habit ( act+ 9 a way ( :i* ! public op9ion ( ! community approves w be f\nd to conduce to ! ma9t5ance ( ! /atus quo1 & h5ce to ! int]e/s ( ^? :om ! /atus quo suits4 ,9 ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury ,b]n>d ,m&eville reviv$ & elaborat$ ! doctr9e ( ,?rasyma*us4 ,society 0 devis$ by skilful politicians = _! own advantage4 ,?is !y hop$ *iefly to secure by ! spread ( :at 0 call$ morality4 ,address+ !mselves1 !re=e1 to m5's pride1 !y po9t$ out t man _h always consid]$ himself to be sup]ior to ! brute bea/s4 ,yet1 if he indulg$ 8 passions z soon z he conceiv$ !m & gave way alike to s5sual desire & viol5t rage1 :]e9 did 8 sup]iority consi/8 ,surely 9 ord] to demon/rate _! sup]iority m5 mu/ le>n to ma/] _! appetites & re/ra9 _! passions4 ,! pla9 man li/5$ to ! words ( ! flatt]]1 &1 aspir+ to live ! high] life1 trans=m$ himself f a savage into a cl]k4 ,! process is kn[n z civilization4 ,tam$ by 8 own conceit1 man 0 n[ fit to live 9 society4 ,z a social animal he reg>ds z virtu\s e action on ! "p ( o!rs by :i* ! society to :i* he belongs is b5efit$1 & /igmatizes z vici\s ! indulg5ce ( private appetites irrespective ( ! public good4 ,b ! skilful politicians :o _h plann$ ! ?+ f ! beg9n+ _h tak5 good c>e to ensure t ! good ( society %\ld be id5tical ) _! own advantage4 ,unciviliz$ man is ungov]nable man1 b man tam$ & tractable1 ) ! bees ( social virtue & social s]vice buzz+ 9 8 citiz5's bonnet1 is at once ! prop & ! dupe ( unscrupul\s gov]nm5ts4 8,f :i*01 z ,m&eville says1 8x is evid5t t ! fir/ rudim5ts ( morality broa*$ by skilful politicians to make m5 useful to ea* o!r z well z tractable1 7 *iefly contriv$ t ! ambiti\s might reap ! m b5efit f1 & gov]n va/ numb]s ( !m ) ! great] ease & security40 ,to ^? :o object t morality 0 inv5t$ by ,god & n by politicians1 & t ! sanctions ( "r conduct are d]iv$ n f social utility b f div9e ord9ance1 x %\ld be obs]v$ t ,god himself is ! mo/ pot5t in/rum5t yet devis$ = secur+ ! p]=mance ( conduct b5eficial to ! /rong]4 ,?is at lea/ is true ( ! great bulk ( ! gods :o h figur$ 9 hi/ory4 ,on ?is po9t p]haps x w\ld be be/ to let ! /rong] speak = !mselves4 ,napoleon may be tak5 z a suitable repres5tative4 8,:at is x10 he writes1 8t makes ! poor man ?9k x q natural t !re are fires 9 my p>l\r :ile he is dy+ ( cold8 ,t ,i h t5 coats 9 my w>drobe :ile he goes nak$8 ,t at ea* ( my meals en\gh is s]v$ to fe$ 8 family = a week8 ,x is simply religion :i* tells him t 9 ano!r life ,i %all be only 8 equal1 & t he actually has m *ances ( be+ happy !re ?an ,i4 ,yes1 we mu/ see to x t ! floors ( ! *ur*es are op5 to all1 & t x does n co/ ! poor man mu* to h pray]s said on 8 tomb40 ,!nce=w>d1 ?\gh an av[$ free ?9k]1 ,napoleon set 8 face /]nly aga9/ anti-,*ri/ian & anti-cl]ical legislation4 ,! moral is suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,m5 ^: lives are mis]able & oppress$ w ei!r rise 9 revolt aga9/ _! mis]y & s]vitude1 or console !mselves ) ! prospect ( g5]\s comp5sation h]eaft]4 ,if /eps are tak5 to ensure t _! fai? is suffici5tly lively1 !y w look to ! next _w to supply !m ) ! div9e equival5ts ( ! *ampagne & cig>s !y are miss+ 9 ?is "o1 an expectation :i* conf]s obvi\s advantages ^u ^? :om x enables to monopolize ! *ampagne & cig>s4 ,tack on ! fur!r belief t ri*es & p[] 9 ?is _w are ! be/ gu>antees ( torm5t & angui% 9 ! next1 & ! utility ( religion to 8! /rong]0 is suffici5tly manife/4 ,! p>able ( ! ne$le's eye & ! /ory ( ,laz>us h be5 responsible = a political & social quietism among ! _m1 :i* d cr$it to ! political acum5 ( ! e>ly gov]n+ class reali/s :o slipp$ !m into ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & :5ev] t quietism has %[$ signs ( giv+1 way1 a religi\s revival or ! end[m5t ( a *ur* has usually be5 f\nd ! mo/ effective me?od ( deal+ ) ! situation4 8,9 #ahah "o ,engli%man out ( sev5 be+ at t "t a paup]1 ,p>liam5t vot$ a million ( public money = ! con/ruction ( *ur*es to prea* submission to ! high] p[]s4 ,9 ! debates 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 ,"l ,liv]pool took occasion to lay /ress on ! social importance ( guid+ by ?is means ! op9ions ( ! masses :o 7 = ! fir/ "t beg9n+ to receive education40#b ,god1 x seems1 is *eap] ?an a liv+ wage1 & no less effective z a means ( secur+ social cont5tm5t4 #b ,! ,t[n ,lab\r]1 by ,j4 ,l4 & ,b>b>a ,hammond4 ,to its sup]ior utility 9 ?is respect we mu/ 9 "p attribute ! success ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,( all religions kn[n to man x lays ! greate/ /ress ^u ^? virtues ^: practice is advantage\s to ! /rong]4 ,x glorifies weakness & s5tim5talizes ov] failure2 its heav5 is = ! submissive & ! ineffici5t2 its hell = ! dom9ant & ! pr\d4 ,j z ! *>itable work] takes ! revolution>y edge (f pov]ty by di/ribut+ coal & blankets to ! victims ( acute indu/rial di/ress1 s ! prie/ promotes submissiv5ess by inculcat+ ! duties ( sobriety1 meekness1 unselfi%ness1 hone/y1 & cont5tm5t4 ,^! virtues make good workm5 & prosp]\s employ]s1 &1 if !y are only develop$ to a suffici5t degree1 w enable _! =tunate possessors *e]fully to put up ) bad wages1 long h\rs1 wret*$ h\ses1 & social s]vitude4 ,! contr>y virtues ( manl9ess1 self-reliance & indep5d5ce spr++ f a _s passionately res5tful ( inju/ice1 quick to resi/ an injury & ideali/ically det]m9$ to make a bett] place ( ?is _w in/ead ( wait+ passively = ! next "o1 are disc\rag$ z sav\r+ ( pride & self-suffici5cy1 & z %[+ a repreh5sible t5d5cy to look = help to oneself in/ead ( to ,god1 our help] 9 "t ( tr\ble4 ,! ri*1 to be sure1 possess ^! virtues2 b !n ! message ( religion is f1 n to1 ! ri*4 ,b ,?rasyma*us has yet "o m obs]vation to make to u be=e we leave him to turn to ! future4 ,! p5alty ( law break+ on a small scale is prison1 & ( trivial wick$ness1 social o/racism4 ,b :at ( law-break+ on a l>ge scale1 & a wick$ness p[]ful en\gh to fl\t ! public op9ion to :i* o!rs succumb8 ,^! are ! qualities ( ! /rong] & !y reap ! /rong]'s rew>d4 ,! rebel is ! patriot :o fails1 ! patriot is ! rebel :o prevails4 ,?is is ! lesson ( ! pa/1 & ^? :o read x may le>n t if only !y are /rong en\gh to succe$1 !y ne$ n tr\ble !mselves ab\t ! respectability ( _! cr$5tials4 ,nor has ! position alt]$ to-day4 ,! man :o /eals a leg ( mutton goes to prison = a mon?2 ! capta9 ( indu/ry gr[n ri* on ! pr(its /ol5 f 8 workm5 gets a knigh?ood4 ,! man :o has murd]$ ! wife :o has annoy$ him gets hang$ = 8 pa9s2 ! man :o kills 8 fell[ m5 = n\ri%m5t is d5\nc$ z a cannibal2 b ! great g5]al :o plans ! dea? ( va/ multitudes ( 8 fell[s :om he has nev] se51 ) :om he has nev] ex*ang$ a cross ^w & :om he does n require = purposes ( su/5ance1 is hail$ z ! savi\r ( 8 c\ntry4 ,?us ^? :o commit inju/ice1 yet h ! wit or ! good =tune to escape ! consequ5ces ( _! actions1 climb into ! seats ( ! /rong] & %>e _! immunity f moral re/rictions4 ,s9ce1 9 ! m]e process ( gratify+ _! ta/es1 !y are enabl$ to give employm5t to l>ge bodies ( _! fell[s1 !y are acc\nt$ public b5efactors ^: weal? con/itutes a social asset4 ,&1 %\ld ve/iges ( ! morality ( ! weak]1 f ^: ranks !y h ris51 assail !m 9 ! =m ( consci5ce1 !y discov] t ev5 ! gods c be squ>$ & t a lib]al support ( des]v+ *>ities1 c\pl$ ) ! occasional end[m5t ( a *ur*1 are calculat$s !y are assur$to procure = !m z hon\r$ a place 9 ! h]eaft] z _! own successful inju/ice has obta9$ = !m 9 ! pres5t4 ,?us ,?rasyma*us' phrase 8morality is ! int]e/ ( ! /rong]0 has a d\ble significance4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x def9es ! morality ( ! _m z t k9d ( conduct :i* promotes ! int]e/ ( ! few2 9 ! second1 x assures to ! successful few ! hon\rable reputation1 ! social consid]ation & ! good repute among _! fell[s1 :i* are commonly suppos$ to be ! rew>ds ( morality4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,h]d ,,morality ,,& ,,! ,,new ,,tyranny ,,( ,,?\ght ,! /atem5t ( g5]al pr9ciples 9 ! prec$+ *apt] 0 n und]tak5 solely = ! pleasure ( political & e?ical speculation4 ,my conc]n is a m practical "o4 ,if ! pr9ciple t ju/ice is ! int]e/ ( ! /rong] is ! explanation ( :at passes = morality1 :at1 ,i wi% to ask1 is its application 9 ! pres5t & :at is x likely to be 9 ! imm$iate future8 ,9 ord] to answ] ^! que/ions we mu/ fir/ consid] a fur!r "o3 ,:o 9 a mod]n community is ! /rong]8 ,! fact t we are a democracy has n escap$ notice4 ,9 our own day x is n k+s1 nobles1 soldi]s1 prelates1 politicians1 or elect$ p]sons :o are ! /rong]1 b ! common man1 ! pla9 man1 ! av]age man1 ! man 9 ! /reet1 :e!r city man or work+ man1 & ! cr[d or h]d ( su* m54 ,he1 or r 8 female c\nt]p>t s9ce %e is m num]\s ev5 ?an he is1 is ! arbit] ( morality1 & ! k9d ( conduct :i* is call$ moral is t :i* is conv5i5t or pleas+ to h]4 ,plato ) 8 usual acum5 =esaw ! possibility ( ?is developm5t1 & 0 c>eful to provide = x )9 ! b\nds ( ,?rasyma*us' =mula4 ,all t x is necess>y to d if we wi% to apply ! =mula to a democracy is to inv]t x2 = #8/rong]' read #8weak]'1 & ! =mula rema9s unalt]$4 ,! practicability ( ?is inv]sion is demon/rat$ by "o ,callicles1 9 ! ,dialogue call$ ,gorgias4 ,mo/ m5 are /upid1 irresolute1 apa!tic1 m$iocre1 timid1 & unimag9ative4 ,! qualities impli$ by ^! epi!ts1 ?\gh disc]nible at all times1 =ce !mselves mo/ press+ly ^u ! att5tion :5 m5 act toge!r4 ,take a %eep & /& x on its h9d legs & its resemblance to a human be+ is sc>cely noticeable2 b /& a flock ( %eep on _! h9d legs &1 s f> z psy*ology & behavi\r g1 y h a cr[d ( m54 ,9 o!r words1 tak5 sev]ally m5 may be individuals2 tak5 toge!r !y are a m]e transmitt+ m$ium = h]d emotion4 ,_! individual /upidities are add$ toge!r1 b _! individual wisdoms cancel out4 ,9 a democracy1 says ,callicles1 ! common m5 are ! m num]\s1 !y also possess ! p[]2 act+1 !re=e1 9 accordance ) _! natures1 !y make ! laws :i* _! natures dem&4 ,n[ x is natural = e man to wi% to obta9 z mu* z he c4 ,x is also inevitable t 9 a /ate ( nature ! /rong] %\ld obta9 m ?an ! weak]4 ,h5ce ! weak]1 act+ 9 self-def5ce1 s frame ! laws t ! endeav\r ( "o individual to obta9 m ?an ! _m is /igmatiz$ z unju/4 ,h5ce ju/ice1 or morality1 :i* is n[ reveal$ z ! int]e/ ( ! individually weak] b collectively /rong]1 may be reg>d$ z _! device = depriv+ ! /rong] ( ! prepond]ance ( good ?+s1 :i* ! /rong]s' sup]ior tal5ts w\ld naturally procure = !m4 ,:at we may call h]d morality is1 !re=e1 a =m ( self-def5ce dictat$ p>tly by fe>1 & p>tly by envy4 ,! s\rce ( ! fe> is obvi\s2 ! envy spr+s f ! natural spite ( inf]ior p]sons :o are consci\s ( _! inf]iority1 res5t x1 & wi% to take x out ( ^? :o make !m feel x4 8,i h n10 says ! av]age man1 8! capacity ( ! /rong man = acquir+ a l>ge %>e ( ! good ?+s ( life4 ,!re=e ,i w take advantage ( my numb]s to lay x d[n t su* acquisition is wrong & unju/40 ,! common view ( self-d5ial may be tak5 z an illu/ration4 ,! av]age man has nei!r ! c\rage nor ! /r5g? to satisfy 8 desires & indulge 8 passions4 ,be+ unaccu/om$ to mod]ation he ?9ks t if he p]mits himself any indulg5ce he w be unable to /op4 ,he d>e n b5d = fe> he break4 ,h5ce = ! ,greek virtue ( temp]ance we get ! mod]n praise ( self-d5ial1 ) a resultant /&>d ( morality :i* d5\nces all bodily indulg5ce z wrong4 ,^u ! basis ( ?is /&>d ( morality ! pr9ciple ( s\r grapes proce$s to op]ate on a l>ge scale4 ,! man :o is n ra% en\gh to take sexual pleasure :5 he f9ds x1 ! woman :o is n attractive en\gh to h ! opportunity ( be+ ra%1 comb9e to d5\nce ! delights at :i* ! indep5d5t & ! *>m+ are n afraid to grasp4 ,h]d morality1 :i* is bas$ on fe> & envy1 is made effective by blame4 ,9 mod]n society ! p[] to blame is *iefly express$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 by ! old ^: morality consi/s 9 blam+ ! "y2 secondly1 by ! av]age ^: c5sure desc5ds ^u ! exceptional4 ,^u ! "p play$ by ! old 9 ma9ta9+ morality ,i d n wi% to dwell1 s9ce x diff]s little to-day f :at x has always be54 ,a mi/ake :i* all societies h made is to entru/ ! managem5t ( _! affairs to ! old4 ,old m5 are naturally m v9dictive1 bad temp]$1 malevol5t1 & n>r[-m9d$ ?an "y ones4 ,!y are easily provok$ to disapproval1 & dislike m ?+s ?an !y l4 ,hav+ = ! mo/ "p liv$ _! own lives1 !y h no?+ left to d b to int]f]e 9 ! lives ( o!rs4 ,!y =m ! gov]nm5ts1 misrepres5t ! p :om !y oppress1 prea* to ! p :om !y exploit1 & tea* ! p :om !y deceive4 ,!y mete out rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 s5t5ce crim9als to dea?1 direct bus9esses1 make laws :i* !y h no temptation to disobey & w>s 9 :i* !y d n propose to fight4 ,if ! c\ntry 7 h&$ ov] exclusively to ! gov]nance ( m5 "u ?irty-five1 & ev]ybody ov] t age 7 =bidd5 to int]f]e on pa9 ( be+ s5t to ! le?al *amb]1 x w\ld be a happi] & a bett] place4 ,un=tunately ! "y m5 are too busy try+ to make a liv+ 9 ! subord9ate positions to :i* ! old m5 grudg+ly admit !m to h ! "t or en]gy to int]f]e ) o!r p4 ,besides1 be+ "y1 !y wi% to live1 a process = :i* ! regulation ( ! lives ( o!rs is a poor sub/itute4 ,9 ! sph]e ( morality ! function ( ! old is conf9$ to discov]+ me?ods ( det]r+ ! "y f pleasures ( :i* !y !mselves are no long] capable4 ,old m5 give "y m5 good advice1 no long] be+ able to give !m bad examples1 & old wom5 inv5t a symbolic ,mrs4 ,grundy to intimidate _! daught]s into resi/+ ! temptations :i* n[ pass !m by4 ,! det]r5t influ5ces s ex]cis$ are call$ morality "u :i* "n !y impose on ! "y :o w n h caught _! eld]s ly+ (t5 en\gh to disbelieve !m1 until !y h begun to produce sons & daught]s ( _! own1 by :i* "t !y w be only too ready to abet ! prevail+ hypocrisy4 ,! o!r /r& 9 ! fabric ( mod]n morality has already be5 notic$ z ! t5d5cy ( ! weak] to get ev5 ) ! /rong] by tak+ x out ( him on moral gr\nds4 ,morals1 x is ?\ght1 are ev]ybody's privilege & ev]ybody's possession4 ,few ( u c und]/& ,e9/e9's !ory ( relativity1 b we all "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,h5ce ! man :o is defici5t 9 tal5t c make up = x 9 virtue1 & by assur+ himself t ,god's noble/ "w is an hone/ man1 put bra9s & capacity 9 _! prop] place4 ,s9ce ! motives :i* h prompt$ its inv5tion p]si/ un*ang$1 morality1 :i* has always be5 ! special emanation ( ! h]d1 v>ies little 9 spite ( sup]ficial diff]5ces f age to age1 :il/ intellectuality ?r[s (f new lights 9 e age4 ,!re is probably v little diff]5ce betwe5 ! cr[ds ( anci5t ,babylon & mod]n ,clapham1 b ! m9d ( ,e9/e9 diff]s 9 radical p>ticul>s f t ( ,ar*im$es4 ,realiz+ t any fool c be good intellectuals h always made light ( morality = ! same reasons z ^? :i* h caus$ ! h]d to set /ore by x4 ,if ! h]d has be5 ready to c5sure ! ecc5trics1 ! ecc5trics h be5 ev5 readi] to provide mat]ials = c5sure4 ,despis+ ! mob1 !y fl\t _! /&>ds & laugh at _! scruples4 ,! good are s h>% to ! clev]1 ! clev] s rude to ! good1 t "o might almo/ be tempt$ to believe 9 a fundam5tal antipa?y betwe5 virtue & bra9s4 ,:e!r ?is be s or n1 x seems probable t !re is a p]man5t necessity 9 our natures requir+ u to exalt ! common qualities we %>e & und]/&1 & to condemn r>e gifts4 ,?us morality repres5ts ! av]age man's attempt to console himself 9 ! face ( ! insult+ sup]iority ( ! few1 by prov+ t ! sup]iority is a*iev$ only at ! co/ ( loss ( virtue4 ,c]ta9ly we mu/ take x out ( ^! fell[s someh[6 ,x tortures our self-respect to admire ^? :o h qualities we _c possess4 ,t is :y we love to ?9k ( ! philosoph] z an abs5t-m9d$ fool1 incapable ( fe$+ himself1 writ+ *eques or cat*+ tra9s1 & li/5 s gre$ily to ! leg5ds ( vice & voluptu\sness 9 m5 ( g5ius4 ,wick$ness 9 high places is s mu* m appetiz+ ?an wick$ness 9 l[2 x enables u to prove t ^? :o are inconsid]ate en\gh to rise above u 9 place & p[]1 only d s at ! co/ ( fall+ bel[ u 9 simplicity & virtue4 ,! public lips h rec5tly be5 smack+ ov] ! details ( a case 9 :i* x 0 alleg$ t a wife endeav\r$ to advance ! c>e] ( h] husb& by a liaison ) ! ,qu>t] ,ma/] ,g5]al ( ,h4,m4 ,=ces4 ,x 0 fur!r alleg$ t ! husb& condon$ & ev5 enc\rag$ h] conduct4 ,! ,qu>t] ,ma/] ,g5]al 0 a man ( m>k$ ability4 ,8 organiz+ & adm9i/rative capacity 7 ju/ly fam\s2 he 01 9 fact1 "o ( ! few brilliant successes ( ! ,w>4 ,:5 ! rum\r spread t ?is man1 "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful z well z ! able/ 9 ! l&1 _h be5 will+ to advance a subord9ate because he desir$ 8 wife1 ! outbur/ ( public indignation 9 ! press 0 trem5d\s4 ,wick$ness 9 high places 0 a glori\s !me3 !re _h be5 no?+ l x s9ce ! ,armi/ice4 ,lab\r bodies met to insi/ on ! sup]ior purity ( ! lives ( work+-p1 & p>sons ?und]$ 9 _! pulpits aga9/ ! luxury ( ! ri*4 ,= sev]al weeks ! ,d5ni/\n case 0 ! *ief subject ( conv]sation 9 tra9s1 'buses1 & b>-p>l\rs1 & ^? ^: lips smack$ ! mo/ gre$ily ov] ! lusci\s sc&al 7 ! mo/ sev]e 9 _! condemnation ( ! vices ( society4 ,:y 0 x t ?is case attract$ s mu* att5tion8 ,:y 0 ! wick$ness involv$ consid]$ s %ock+8 ,:y did ^? :o w\ld n h look$ twice at ! six-l9e p>agraph describ+ a simil> occurr5ce 9 ! remot] suburbs1 foll[ e detail ( ! case ) ! mo/ avid curiosity8 ,because ! woman 0 unusually beautiful1 ! man unusually p[]ful & tal5t$4 ,! beauty ( ! woman ar\s$ ! envy ( o!r wom52 ! p[] & tal5ts ( ! man excit$ ! envy ( o!r m54 ,we all ( u h an impulse to blame ^? :om life has m g5]\sly gift$ or m =tunately be/[$ ?an ourselves4 ,we make a virtue ( our defici5cies1 argue t only ! dull & l[ly are good1 & call ! feel+ ( envy :i* we exp]i5ce = ^? :o are nei!r dull nor l[ly moral indignation4 ,9 addition to ! envy ( ! old = ! "y & ( ! h]d = ! exceptional1 ! impulse to blame1 :i* m5 call morality1 owns ano!r s\rce4 ,?is is ! desire = uni=mity4 ,! desire = uni=mity spr+s 9 its turn f ! fe> ( insecurity4 ,society1 said ,s*op5hau]1 is l a collection ( h$gehogs driv5 toge!r = ! sake ( w>m?4 ,! object ( social obs]vances is to put felt ^u ! spikes 9 ord] t ! proximity ( ! h$gehogs may n cause !m to injure "o ano!r4 ,! risk ( friction w be r$uc$ to a m9imum if all ! h$gehogs behave 9 ! same way4 ,id5tical behavi\r 9 all circum/ances is1 no d\bt1 an unatta9able ideal2 b ?is makes x d\bly important t ! h]d z a :ole %\ld "k )9 limits 9 :at way ea* ( its memb]s w behave4 ,^? :o react unexpect$ly to famili> situations1 or diff] m>k$ly 9 _! conduct f o!rs are a dang] to ! h]d1 caus+ social friction & a s5se ( insecurity4 ,= ?is reason re=m]s l ,*ri/ or ,ibs51 :o viol5tly "q ! /&>ds ( ?\ght & conduct preval5t 9 _! h]d1 & refuse to con=m to !m1 are reg>d$ ) bitt] ho/ility4 ,! me?od by :i* ! h]d secures ! uni=mity ( conduct ^u :i* its com=t & security dep5d is ! ex]cise ( social approval & disapproval4 ,9 extreme cases ?is me?od is =cibly employ$4 ,! soldi] :o %[s a t5d5cy to run away "u ! enemy's fire endang]s ! safety ( 8 fell[s4 ,/eps are accord+ly tak5 to *eck ?is t5d5cy by ! pressure ( social disapproval 9 ! =m ( discipl9e4 ,discipl9e is a device = sub/itut+ ! c]ta9ty ( be+ %ot = ^? :o d n g ov] ! top = ! probability ( be+ %ot = ^? :o d4 ,! result is t mo/ soldi]s g ov] ! top4 ,?is is conduct conducive to ! safety ( ! h]d1 & is rew>d$ ) social approval "u ! "n ( c\rage4 ,m usually social approval & disapproval f9d expression 9 ! sph]e ( mann]s & modes4 ,9 ,japan "u ! old laws ! t]m = a rude man is 8o!r-?an-expect$ fell[01 & a noble is n to be int]f]$ ) 9 cutt+ d[n a fell[ :o has behav$ to him 9 a mann] o!r ?an is expect$4 ,9 g5]al1 ?\ght or conduct calculat$ to surprise or di/urb ! h]d incurs disapproval & is call$ immoral2 ?\ght & conduct :i* mirrors ! beliefs & habits ( ! h]d is reg>d$ ) approval & is call$ moral4 ,?us virtue is ! habit ( act+ 9 a mann] ( :i* o!r p approve2 vice 9 a mann] ( :i* !y disapprove4 ,summ+ up1 !re=e1 we may say t social morality 9 a democracy spr+s f ! envy ( ! av]age man = ! tal5ts ( ! able man :i* cause him to feel inf]ior1 & f ! dislike ( ! h]d = ! conduct ( ! ecc5tric :i* makes x feel unsafe4 ,^! are g5]al pr9ciples & are m or less applicable 9 any /ate ( society :i* is n a tyranny or a close olig>*y4 ,:at ,i wi% to emphasize is _! special application to a mod]n we/]n democracy4 ,9 a community ( ?is type ! h]d is at once m conge/$ & m p[]ful ?an x has be5 9 any o!r p]iod ( hi/ory4 ,its conge/ion causes x to place a hi!rto unp>allel$ emphasis ^u ! necessity = felt+ ! spikes ( ! h$gehogs1 t is to say1 ^u ! importance ( uni=mity2 its p[] enables x to v5t its disapproval ^u ^? :o (f5d its prejudices ) ! maximum effect4 ,?is c be se5 mo/ cle>ly 9 ! case ( ,am]ica :i* has produc$ ! mo/ conge/$#c & ! mo/ p[]ful h]d on record4 ,am]ica is a melt+ pot 9 :i* all ! races ( ! e>? are fus$4 ,! natural div]sity ( its elem5ts produces a special ne$ = artificial uni=mity 9 its citiz5s4 ,a civilization ) its roots 9 ! e>? c all[ its memb]s to spread outw>ds1 l ! bran*es ( a tree2 a civilization1 ^: se$s are plant$ 9 %all[ soil1 mu/ h$ge !m ab\t le/ !y be scatt]$ by ! w9d4 ,! fir/ is c5trifugal3 x c tol]ate individuality because x has a c5tre4 ,! second is c5tripetal3 x mu/ en=ce uni=mity because x has none4 #c ,! ^w #8conge/$' is us$ to d5ote ! oppression ( spiritual /uff9ess r ?an ( physical ov]cr[d+4 ,= ?is reason all ,am]ican citiz5s /rive to be exactly l ea* o!r1 &1 on ! :ole1 !y succe$4 ,!y h ! same clo!s1 !y live 9 ! same h\ses1 !y h ! same social habits1 ! same respect = money & ! same suspicion ( su* sup]flu\s ecc5tricities z ?\ght1 culture1 & art4 ,a fri5d ( m9e1 :o _h w9t]$ 9 a ,s\!rn ,/ate1 z ! season advanc$ disc>d$ 8 felt hat = ! regulation /raw4 ,a few weeks lat] he _h occasion to travel nor?w>ds to ,new ,york4 ,z he left ! tra9 he notic$ t he 0 an object ( att5tion to p on ! plat=m4 ,port]s & l\ng]s />$1 & z he walk$ away f ! /ation1 he f\nd himself foll[$ by a small & app>5tly ho/ile cr[d4 ,hail+ a taxi1 he drove to 8 hotel4 ,9 ! por* he met an acqua9tance1 told him ( ! notice he _h attract$1 & ask$ ! reason4 ,8 fri5d expla9$ ! matt] by po9t+ to 8 /raw hat4 ,x 0 too e>ly 9 ,new ,york = ! *ange ov] into /raws1 he said1 & ( c\rse "o c\ld n dress diff]5tly f o!r p4 ,! rigid en=cem5t ( uni=mity is ho/ile n only to fre$om ( action b also to indep5d5ce ( ?\ght4 ,! laws aga9/ tea*+ or hold+ doctr9es displeas+ to ! majority are p>ticul>ly sev]e 9 ,am]ica4 ,immigrants1 = example1 are n all[$ to l& 9 ,am]ica until !y h fir/ express$ _! disbelief 9 ,communism1 a!ism1 & free love4 ,_m p are put 9 prison = hold+ unpopul> views1 al?\gh ^! views d no app>5t h>m to anybody4 ,advocacy ( bir?-control1 possession ( irrev]5t & disreputable books su* z ,jurg51 expression ( subv]sive op9ions ) reg>d to ! relation%ip ( capital & lab\r1 & disbelief 9 ,god are among ! (f5ces s puni%$4 ,n only is x necess>y n to pr(ess unpopul> viewsx is sometimes necess>y to pr(ess popul> ones4 ,9 ord] to placate h]d op9ion x is f\nd necess>y to en=ce by law ! propagation ( delib]ate falsehood4 ,?is happ5s especially 9 ^? cases1 un=tunately only too num]\s1 9 :i* ! tru? is less gratify+ to human conceit ?an we c\ld wi%1 s t its adoption involves ! ab&onm5t ( *]i%$ beliefs4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 is ! belief t man is a deg5]ate angel1 :i* is ?\ght to be m flatt]+ ?an ! tru? t he is a promot$ ape4 ,?us ! ,/ate ( ,t5nessee has rec5tly (ficially repudiat$ ! 8monkey ance/ry0 ( its citiz5s4 ,a law has be5 pass$ "u :i* x is illegal = any tea*] 9 a univ]sity or o!r public s*ool to tea* any?+ d5y+ ! /ory ( creation giv5 9 ! ,bible1 or t man has desc5d$ f ! l[] ord] ( animals1 & m5 h already be5 imprison$ = tea*+ evolution4 ,x is n1 s f> z ,i "k1 ma9ta9$ ev5 9 ,am]ica t ! doctr9e ( evolution is untrue4 ,x is suffici5t t x incurs ! disapproval ( ! /rong]4 ,?us tru? h]self is liable to be /igmatiz$ z immoral if %e is inconsid]ate en\gh to fl\t ! wi%es ( respectable citiz5s4 ,:]e individuality is to a l>ge ext5t oblit]at$1 & citiz5s are cut accord+ to approv$ specification by ! social ma*9e1 no?+ is s mu* valu$ z p]sonality4 ,i h said t e ,am]ican wi%es to be l e o!r ,am]ican1 & s he doesb ) a diff]5ce4 ,he wants to h a p]sonality ( 8 own4 ,he wi%es to h a some?+ ab\t him t w convey an impression ( uniqu5ess & cause him to be talk$ ab\t among 8 fell[s4 ,no?+ is s mu* discuss$ 9 ,am]ica z p]sonality4 ,m5 try to cultivate x z !y try to cultivate biceps2 ag5cies exi/ 9 ord] to tell y h[ to be unique1 & psy*o-analy/s fl\ri% by ! simple process ( tell+ y t y are unique4 ,b ?is is j :at ! conditions ^u :i* h]d morality dep5ds w n let y be4 ,dep>t "o hair's-bread? f ! /&>d habits ( ?\ght & accept$ codes ( conduct1 & ! h]d w make y\r exi/5ce intol]able until y cons5t to toe ! l9e4 ,n[ ! drift ( ,briti% developm5t foll[s increas+ly ! c\rse set by ,am]ica4 ,am]ica is our mo/ advanc$ nation 9 morals z 9 ev]y?+ else1 &1 if we want to "k :at ,engl& w be l to-morr[1 we _c d bett] ?an look at ,am]ica to-day4 ,am]ica is at once a signpo/ & a /imulus4 ,:at ,am]ican bus9ess m5 are1 t d our bus9ess m5 /rive humbly to be4 ,!y ape _! magnific5ce1 & enjoy a l>ge & increas+ %>e ( ?is p[]4 ,! /ockbrok]'s conception ( ! good life is becom+ increas+ly accept$ by ! cl]k1 ! cl]k's by ! %opkeep]1 ! %opkeep]'s by ! workman1 s t ! community z a :ole is do+ its be/ to live up to ! /&>d :i* its bus9ess m5 set4 ,s soon z we h got rid ( ! la/ ve/iges ( our dy+ ari/ocracy1 su* z respect = hunt+ & a semi-feudal t5antry1 we %all subside into an inf]ior & imitative satellite ( ! ,/ates4 ,! objects ( ,am]ican civilization are to sub/itute cleanl9ess = beauty1 me*anism = m51 & hypocrisy = morals4 ,x devotes s mu* en]gy to obta9+ ! means to make life possible1 t x has none left to practise ! art ( liv+4 ,hot ba?s & m hot ba?s1 l>g] & ev] l>g] hotels1 fa/] & ev] fa/] c>s1 golf play$ by ev] fatt] & m vulg> m51 & lap-dogs kept by ev] fatt] & m vulg> wom51 cocktails & culture1 psy*o-analysis & fai? heal+1 s5sual poetry & s5sational sport1 support$ & ma9ta9$ by an illit]ate gov]n+ class ready to be impos$ ^u by any quack or *>latan :o c p]suade x to take an int]e/ 9 :at x imag9es to be its s\l1 su* is ! probable developm5t ( b\rgeois civilization 9 ,engl&4 ,h9ts ( ! gr[+ adhesion ( ! h]d to ! ideals & pursuits ( big bus9ess are n want$ 9 curr5t developm5ts ( moral s5tim5t4 ,z ! pr(ite] supplants ! ari/ocrat z ! dom9ant =ce 9 ! community1 a slight twi/ is giv5 to ! moral op9ions ( ! h]d z a :ole 9 ord] t !y may be br\ght into l9e ) ! *ang$ int]e/s ( ! /rong]4 ,moral s5tim5ts suitable to ! int]e/s ( a h]$it>y ari/ocracy ( l&$ proprietors ins5sibly give place to a morality design$ to protect & safegu>d ! pursuits ( ! fat man on holiday4 ,an example ( ?is process is af=d$ by ! *ang$ attitude to hunt+4 ,a hundr$ ye>s ago hunt+ 0 consid]$ an entirely hon\rable pursuit1 appropriate to g5tlem5 & advantage\s to ! c\ntryside4 ,to-day x is attack$ on humanit>ian gr\nds & voices are rais$ 9 fav\r ( ! fox4 ,if he mu/ be kill$ :y n humanely8 ,x 0 rec5tly report$ t a fox *as$ by ! ,c[dray h\nds jump$ ?r\gh ! w9d[ ( a private resid5ce & up ! *imney flue4 ,ef=ts 7 made to smoke him out by light+ a fire imm$iately bel[1 = all ! _w z if he 7 a boy *imney bru% ( a c5tury ago in/ead ( a fox1 b !y 7 unsuccessful4 ,ultimately workm5 remov$ "s bricks & ! fox 0 got out & giv5 to ! h\nds4 ,?is case caus$ an outcry on ! gr\nd t ! fox1 :o _h giv5 ! h\nds a good run1 0 ! victim ( cruel & unsport+ conduct4 ,a simil> outbur/ 0 provok$ by a hunt$ /ag :o rec5tly took refuge 9 ! ,*annel1 & 0 pick$ up & c>ri$ to ,france4 ,t hunt+ is n[ condemn$ by ! moral s5se ( ! community n because ( any increase 9 humanit>ian s5tim5t1 b because ( a *ange 9 ! int]e/s ( ! pr$om9ant h]d1 is %[n by ! apa?y ( public op9ion ) reg>d to ! victims ( ! gun & ! motor4 ,bus9ess m5 unable to hunt because ( ! obesity produc$ by _! habits are n deb>r$ f %oot+4 ,moors are hir$ 9 ,scotl& & all creatures liable to int]f]e ) ! supply ( game are ru?lessly ext]m9at$4 ,?us a squirrel-cat*+ society has rec5tly be5 =m$ 9 ,ab]de5%ire4 ,rew>ds are (f]$ = ea* squirrel captur$1 & x is e/imat$ t betwe5 two & ?ree ?\s& squirrels are kill$ a ye>4 ,at ,monte ,c>lo bus9ess-m5 sit on t]races & %oot d[n pigeons :i* h be5 previ\sly imprison$ 9 d>k5$ boxes1 ) ! result t1 :5 !y are let out into ! sunlight1 !y are too daz$ to fly away4 ,be=e !y are plac$ 9 ! boxes ! tails ( ^! birds are remov$4 ,?is imp$es _! flight & makes ?+s easi] = ! bus9ess-m51 :o kill betwe5 sixty & a hundr$ an h\r4 ,b x is n ?\ght1 except by cranks1 t ! bus9ess-m5 are immoral = amus+ !mselves 9 ?is way1 al?\gh x is illegal 9 ,engl& = boys to /eal ! eggs ( _m k9ds ( birds4 ,9 ! s\? ( ,engl&1 :]e ! roads are t>r$ to facilitate ! passage ( motors & ! approa* ( bus9ess-m5 is h]ald$ ov] ! c\ntryside by a /9k ( t> & petrol1 x is report$ t ! emanations f ! roads h poison$ ! wat]s ( ! ,te/ & ,it*5 & caus$ ! dea? ( _m ( ! liv+ ?+s t dwell 9 !m4 ,ev5 ! fi%1 x seems1 h begun to feel ! m>* ( progress4 ,motors are frequ5tly ! cause ( ! dea? to h5s1 puppies1 cats1 & small *ildr54 ,yet nobody ?9ks ! bus9ess man's pursuit ( motor+ immoral4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is assum$ )\t "q t ! road is 8 prop]ty1 & t ! p$e/rian %\ld make way = him1 :ile ! risk to life & damage to limb consequ5t ^u 8 refusal to d s are reg>d$ z ! results ( culpable folly & neglig5ce on ! "p n ( ! motori/ b ( himself4 ,bus9ess-m5 are giv5 to amass+ prop]ty1 b n to mak+ fri5ds4 ,x is n 9 p]sonal relation%ips t !y seek ! good life1 b 9 a pl5itude ( goods4 ,= ?is reason curr5t h]d morality visits (f5ces aga9/ prop]ty ) great] sev]ity ?an (f5ces aga9/ ! p]son4 ,a man w get six mon?s = /eal+ a diamond necklace1 b only six days = beat+ 8 wife4 ,b1 ?\gh ! ill treatm5t ( a wife by h] husb& is puni%$ ) comp>ative lightness1 h] appropriation by ano!r man is consid]$ to be ! height ( wick$ness4 ,?is is because ! man :o makes love to 8 neighb\r's wife is committ+ an (f5ce aga9/ prop]ty4 ,= ! same reason ! desire on ! "p ( a wife to sec$e f h] exi/+ possessor & to be an indep5d5t entity ma9ta9+ h]self by h] own ex]tions is reg>d$ ) disfav\r4#d ,x is z if a valuable h\se 7 to insi/ t x %\ld rema9 un9habit$4 #d ,cp4 ! success ( ,a4 ,s4 ,m4 ,hut*9son's ,?is ,fre$om4 ,^? :o belong to a h]d are 9 g5]al unable to und]/& ! wi% ( o!rs to escape f x4 ,su* a wi% is an impli$ criticism ^u ! h]d conception1 & br+s a s5se ( insecurity4 ,?us ! desire = leisure & solitude1 or = a life amid wild surr\nd+s1 is reg>d$ ) in/9ctive disapproval4 ,a ,fr5*man rec5tly explor+ 9 ,brazil came ^u a p>ty ( ,indians "o ( :om _h a pal] sk9 ?an ! o!rs4 ,! pale sk9n$ ,indian turn$ out to be 8 long-lo/ bro!r1 :o _h liv$ among ! ,indians = a numb] ( ye>s4 ,! explor] imm$iately set to "w to p]suade 8 bro!r to return ) him to civilization4 ,8 ef=ts1 h[ev]1 prov$ unavail+4 ,! bro!r ask$ :y he %\ld return to a community 9 :i* he _h to pay taxes1 we> clo!s & d o!r disagreeable ?+s1 :5 he c\ld live ) ! ,indians 9 a /ate ( nature )\t lab\r ( any k9d4 ,! explor] _h no answ] to ^! que/ions4 ,he 0 unable to und]/& ?is refusal to return to ! h]d & accept ! re/rictions t exi/5ce 9 ! h]d involves4 ,accord+ly he told 8 bro!r t he 0 a hopeless deg5]ate1 & left him to :at he *>act]i/ically call$ 8 fate4 ,some?+ ( ! same feel+ is ent]ta9$ by ! av]age man t[>ds ! arti/ or ! writ]4 ,he di/ru/s ! contempt ( h]d /&>ds :i* 8 irregul> life implies4 ,?is s5tim5t is re9=c$ by a feel+ ( insecurity 9 reg>d to possessions4 ,! av]age man is too busy to sp>e "t = sexual immorality1 & in/9ctively suspects ! life ( ! arti/ or writ] because ( ! facilities :i* x accords = m$dl+ ) 8 wife dur+ (fice h\rs4 ,! g5]al nature ( ! objection ent]ta9$ by ! h]d to sexual immorality w be exam9$ m fully 9 ! next *apt]4 ,be=e ,i close ?is *apt] ,i wi% to po9t out h[ ! s5tim5ts ,i h endeav\r$ to describe h be5 int5sifi$ by ! decay ( religion4 ,communities 9 :i* ! av]age man is ! /rong] h always be5 not$ = _! ,puritanism & high moral /&>d4 ,promiscuity has hi/orically be5 practis$ by ! ari/ocracy r ?an by ! middle classes1 & 9 societies 9 :i* ! /&>d is set by ! latt] is visit$ accord+ly ) a disproportionate am\nt ( moral obloquy4 ,sev]] /eps w\ld no d\bt h be5 tak5 aga9/ x1 _h x n be5 = ! conviction t ! s9n] w\ld be puni%$ h]eaft]4 ,! poor man1 lack+ ! ri* man's goods1 has com=t$ himself ) ! /ory ( ,laz>us4 ,b ! moral man has f\nd equal consolation :5 d5y+ himself ! pleasures ( ! fle%1 9 pictur+ ! et]nal torm5ts :i* await$ ^? :o refus$ to be b\nd by 8 inhibitions4 ,! av]age morali/ has accord+ly refra9$ f puni%+ ! successful lib]t9e1 kn[+ t ,god w\ld d x = him4 ,b ?is conviction is no long] held4 ,god is a mu* m my/]i\s be+ ?an he us$ to be1 & we h less k ( 8 ways4 ,x may be t he does n exi/ at all1 & 9 any ev5t ! belief t he w d ?is or t1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 t he w ent]ta9 ! same moral views z we d ourselves1 is no long] ent]ta9$ ) its old "t c]ta9ty4 8,v5geance is m9e1 sai? ! ,"l2 ,i w repay40 ,p]haps x is1 b x might be visit$ on ! wrong p4 ,9 any ev5t x is saf] to take no *ances1 & to make sure t s9n]s %all suff] 9 ?is _w ! puni%m5t :i* ! ecc5tricity ( ,god's views may p]mit !m to =ego 9 ! next4 ,= ?is reason x is to be expect$ t ! h]d morality ( ! future w develop a sev]] outlook ^u d]elictions f ! /&>ds ( behavi\r :i* x reg>ds z moral4 ,:at ^! d]elictions are1 & :at are ! reasons = suppos+ t 9 spite ( ?is attitude !y are likely to increase1 ,i w consid] 9 ! next *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,new ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,action ,important =ces are1 h[ev]1 at "w 9 ! contr>y direction4 ,if ! gr[+ preval5ce ( h]d morality w t5d to place a new emphasis on ! importance ( uni=mity1 uni=mity 9 ! moral sph]e is likely to prove m difficult ( atta9m5t4 ,two factors 9 p>ticul> w militate aga9/ x4 ,^! are ! gr[? ( economic indep5d5ce among wom51 & ! practice ( bir? control4 ,let u consid] ^! factors sep>ately4 ,i4 ,! basis ( ! in/itution ( m>riage is economic4 ,!ological factors h ( c\rse play$ _! "p4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian fa!rs1 expect+ ! imm$iate end ( ! _w1 saw no reason to take /eps to ensure ! cont9uance ( ! race4 ,! ,*ri/ian ho/ility to ! pleasures ( ! s5ses 01 !re=e1 all[$ to rage un*eck$1 & sexual int]c\rse 0 d5\nc$ z bo? wick$ & unnecess>y4 ,z "t pass$1 h[ev]1 x 0 f\nd t ! _w %[$ no signs ( com+ to an end1 an inconsid]at5ess :i* l$ to ! necessity = a *ange ( attitude4 ,! ,*ur* met ! situation ) a complete volte face4 ,x _h previ\sly /igmatiz$ ! sexual passions z s wick$ t no ,*ri/ian %\ld be p]mitt$ to indulge !m3 x n[ pron\nc$ !m to be s sacr$ t no ,*ri/ian %\ld be p]mitt$ to indulge !m )\t ! sanction ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! sanction ( ! ,*ur* 0 giv5 9 m>riage1 a device :]eby ! ,fa!rs s\ght to control & to regulate ! work+s ( a passion !y 7 unable to ignore4 ,s9ce !n ! ,*ur* has claim$ bo? ! ability & ! "r to sanctify sex1 & has look$ ) disfav\r ^u m>riages consummat$ by ! ,/ate z an infr+em5t ( h] monopoly4 ,b ! fact t m>riage has be5 in/itut$ by ,god & corn]$ by ! ,*ur* is n suffici5t to acc\nt = its exi/5ce be=e ! ,*ri/ian epo* or its /ability s9ce4 ,^! re/ ^u an economic f\ndation4 ,?r\gh\t ! record$ hi/ory ( civilization ! only recogniz$ way = a woman to make h] liv+ has be5 ?r\gh h] body4 ,h] body be+ h] "o saleable asset1 %e c\ld employ x 9 ei!r ( two ways4 ,%e c\ld sell ! use ( x to "o man = an indef9ite p]iod1 or %e c\ld lease x to a numb] ( m5 = %ort & /rictly regulat$ p]iods4 ,! fir/ me?od is kn[n z m>riage2 ! second z pro/itution4 ,! exi/5ce ( ^! two1 & ( only ^! two1 ways ( ga9+ an economic livelihood has l$ to ! =mation ( two un(ficial wom5's ,trade ,unions1 ! ,trade ,union ( wives & ! ,trade ,union ( pro/itutes4 ,! /r5g? ( ^! unions is directly proportional to _! monopoly ( ! economic field1 & f> exce$s t ( any recogniz$ ,union 9 ! m /rictly indu/rial sph]e4 ,x is imm$iately obvi\s t any woman :o 0 prep>$ to give = love or = no?+ :at o!r wom5 7 only prep>$ to give = ma9t5ance 0 a blackleg ( ! mo/ subv]sive type1 & ! :ole =ce ( organiz$ female op9ion has1 !re=e1 be5 devot$ to mak+ h] position impossible4 ,! =ce ( female op9ion s direct$ is kn[n z morality1 & ! bitt]ness ) :i* ! free lov]1 t is to say1 ! woman :o loves outside ! m>riage tie or ! pro/itute's pres]ves1 is d5\nc$ z immoral1 is due to woman's unconsci\s recognition ( ! fact t %e is cutt+ at ! basis ( ! economic livelihood ( h] sex4 ,x is ( c\rse true t ! two wom5's ,unions are to "s ext5t competitive1 & t ! exi/5ce ( ! pro/itute ?reat5s ! security ( ! wife :ile x gu>antees ! *a/ity ( ! "y girl4 ,= ?is reason !re is & always w be ho/ility betwe5 ! ,unions4 ,! wife's fir/ comm&m5t is ! ,deity's 8,?\ %alt h none o!r woman b me01 & %e is accord+ly accu/om$ to reg>d ! pro/itute ) horror1 :]eas %e does n object to ! exi/5ce ( o!r wives1 s9ce ?is does n1 at lea/ 9 !ory1 ?reat5 h] own4 ,= ?is reason1 too1 ! me?od ( e>n+ a liv+ adopt$ by ! wife is g5]ally pref]r$ to t adopt$ by ! pro/itute1 & is e/eem$ ! m hon\rable by public op9ion4 ,s true is ?is t 9 mo/ wom5 ! belief 9 ! hon\rabl5ess ( wifehood has become second nature1 ! really nice woman feel+ in/9ctively t ! only dec5t way = h] to live is on ! e>n+s ( "s man4 ,b :ile ?is feel+ provokes ho/ility to memb]s ( ! o!r ,union1 x is a ho/ility :i* _c comp>e 9 bitt]ness ) ! scorn & hatr$ felt = ! free lov]4 ,! reason = ?is is obvi\s4 ,! numb] ( wom5 a man c h = money is limit$ by ! ext5t ( 8 income2 ! numb] ( wom5 he c h = no?+ is limit$ only by ! ext5t ( 8 ability to f9d !m4 ,= ?is reason x is felt in/9ctively t ! free lov] is a great] m5ace to society ?an ! pro/itute4 ,! pro/itute1 inde$1 is & always has be5 recogniz$ z a social necessity4 ,%e gu>antees ! *a/ity ( nice wom5 by provid+ a necess>y solace = m5 up to ! comp>atively late age at :i* mod]n economic conditions all[ !m to m>ry4 ,?us 9 ,ts>i/ ,russia ! bro!l 0 a ,/ate-recogniz$ in/itution4 ,! new bro!l 0 =mally op5$ by ! police (fic]1 & 0 hall[$ by a religi\s c]emony 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! premises 7 bless$ by a ,russian ,or?odox prie/4#e #e ,report ( ,lab\r ,delegation1 #aibe4 ,sexual morality 9 m5 spr+s f ! same economic s\rce1 b is m limit$ 9 scope & less fi]cely embrac$4 ,?is is a natural d$uction f :at has j be5 said4 ,if ! livelihood ( wom5 is b\nd up ) ! /rict obs]vance ( ! m>riage tie1 ! ma9t5ance ( ! moral re/rictions ^u :i* m>riage z an in/itution dep5ds is _! special conc]n4 ,9 a purely promiscu\s community ! livelihood ( wom5 w\ld be intol]ably insecure4 ,h5ce wom5 are ! natural gu>dians ( morality1 kn[+ t x gu>antees _! bread & butt]4 ,x is n too mu* to say t morality z a go+ conc]n is kept up by wom54 ,m5 on ! :ole1 despite _! /rong prop]ty s5se1 are n int]e/$ 9 moral que/ions4 ,!y h n ! woman's delight 9 nos+ out sc&als1 &1 except :5 !y are :ipp$ up into a /ate ( moral horror by _! wom5 folk1 are mu* too prone to live & let live4 ,! attitude ( delib]ate un*>itabl5ess t[>ds err+ si/]s :i* ! sex affects does n come naturally to m51 & left to !mselves1 !y w\ld condone (f5ces :i* _! outrag$ sp\ses insi/ on puni%+ ) social o/racism4 ,x is on ! :ole true to say t ! moral s5se1 s f> z sex is conc]n$1 only beg9s to function 9 m5 aft] m>riage &1 except 9 ! case ( "o's own daught] ^: saleable value 9 ! m>riage m>ket is ?\ght to be dim9i%$ by in*a/ity1 x c5tres ^u ! wife4 ,s9ce ! wife is 9 orig9 a piece ( prop]ty pur*as$ by ! husb& = 8 own enjoym5t1 to h] mu/ be ext5d$ ! jeal\s gu>dian%ip :i* presides ov] prop]ty 9 g5]al4 ,! wife is ! mo/ valuable ( a man's indoor possessions2 9 return = ! use ( h] body he has agre$ to ma9ta9 h] 9 su* dignity & leisure z he c af=d4 ,?is obligation to ma9ta9 ! wife is a p]man5t "o p]si/+ ev5 aft] ! enjoym5t ( h] p]son has ceas$4 ,?us :5 a wife divorces or lives ap>t f h] husb&1 he is usually requir$ to ma9ta9 h]1 s long z %e rema9s *a/e4 ,s soon1 h[ev]1 z %e be/[s ! enjoym5t ( h] p]son ^u ano!r1 ! obligation to ma9t5ance ceases1 presumably on ! gr\nd t ! new consum] %\ld be saddl$ ) ! obligation ( keep+ up :at he enjoys4 ,9 no?+ is ! prop]ty basis ( m>riage m cle>ly disc]nible ?an 9 ! #8dum ca/a' clause ( ! ,engli% divorce law4 ,x is ^u ! same economic basis t ! husb&'s objection to infidelity *iefly re/s4 ,if ano!r man is p]mitt$ to enjoy = no?+ :at he himself has pur*as$ at a heavy outlay1 ! husb& naturally feels aggriev$4 ,he is also r5d]$ ridicul\s4 ,x is = ?is reason t ! cuckold is always pres5t$ 9 lit]ature z a comic figure2 he is 9 ! position ( a man :o is unconsci\sly hav+ 8 pocket pick$4 ,! husb&'s pr$ilection = fidelity 9 ! wife is ?us z /rong z ! wife's dem& = fidelity 9 ! husb&at times x is ev5 /rong]& spr+s f ! same economic s\rce4 ,s long z ! wife is 9 ess5ce a piece ( prop]ty1 x is naturally felt t only ! man :o has paid = h] %\ld h ! use ( h]2 s long z a woman c only obta9 h] liv+ by sell+ h]self to a man1 %e n unnaturally dem&s t o!rs %\ld n be all[$ to und]cut h]4 ,we h spok5 ( ?is situation z if x exi/$ 9 ! pres5t2 b x is already 9 _m respects an affair ( ! pa/4 ,! hi/ory ( ! la/ fifty ye>s has record$ ! gr[+ & cont9u\s influx ( wom5 into wage-e>n+ employm5t :i* be>s no relation%ip to sex4 ,wom5 cure ! sick1 plead 9 ! law c\rts1 tea* 9 ! s*ools1 d manual lab\r 9 g>d51 field1 factory1 & work%op1 & s]ve increas+ly z cl]ks1 typi/s & %op assi/ants4 ,?ree 7 rec5tly f\nd among ! five hundr$ applicants = ! po/ ( public execution] 9 ,hung>y4 ,m5 h n unnaturally res5t$ ?is *ange4 ,! dep5d5ce ( wom5 has on ! :ole suit$ !m1 & !y d n l to see ^? ^: economic helplessness has made !m a natural prey to male pr$ator9ess r5d]$ capable ( /&+ on _! own feet4 ,hav+ delib]ately depriv$ wom5 ( ! skill1 ! tra9+1 ! k1 & ! qualifications necess>y to make _! way 9 ! _w1 m5 h !n proce$$ to ju/ify !mselves by prov+ ! moral & intellectual inf]iority ( wom5 f ! fact t %e is ignorant1 unskill$ & un$ucat$4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t ! same causes t h left woman no alt]native b concub9age 7m>ri$ or unm>ri$7 or />vation1 h compell$ h]1 z (t5 z n1 to p]=m ! duties ( an unpaid h\sekeep]1 x is n difficult to see h[ mu* man 0 ! ga9] by ! transaction4 ,b1 un=tunately = him1 he has be5 unable to /em ! ris+ tide ( fem9ism4 ,x has long ceas$ to be true t a woman's only means ( e>n+ h] liv+ is by exploit+ h] sex-attraction1 & all ! evid5ce po9ts to ! fact t ! numb] ( wom5 9 wage-e>n+ employm5t w be augm5t$ 9 ! future4 ,?is e/imate leaves out ( acc\nt ! probability ( ! end[m5t ( mo!rhood1 :i* w place all mo!rs1 :e!r m>ri$ or unm>ri$1 9 ! category ( indep5d5t wage-e>n]s4 ,! effect ( ?is economic *ange ^u ! situation ,i h briefly sket*$1 & ^u ! moral s5tim5ts to :i* x gives rise is likely to be tw(old4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! unm>ri$ woman w t5d increas+ly to =m tempor>y1 irregul> unions4 ,?is result w foll[3 7#a7 ,because h] k t %e c e>n h] liv+ 9 o!r ways w n =ce h] to dem& f ! man a pl$ge ( life-long ma9t5ance z ! price ( h] love4 7#b7 ,because kn[+ t %e is n dep5d5t ^u a man = h] livelihood1 %e w no long] h ! inc5tive to p&] to ! man's dem& = virg9ity 9 8 prospective wife by rema9+ *a/e until m>riage4 7#c7 ,because a man's ab&onm5t ( ! connection :i* %e has =m$ ) him1 a process commonly kn[n z des]tion1 w n z h]et(ore leave h] /r&$ )\t means ( support4 7#d7 ,because m5 w be less *>y ( =m+ tempor>y1 sexual relation%ips ) wom51 :5 !y "k t !y are n expect$ to keep !m4 ,9 ! second place ! m>ri$ woman w t5d to mitigate h] ho/ility to irregul> unions =m$ by unm>ri$ wom5 :5 %e realizes3 7#a7 ,t h] husb&'s mi/ress1 n be+ dep5d5t ^u him = support1 w con/itute a less =midable ?reat to h] livelihood4 7#b7 ,t ! possible transf]5ce ( h] husb&'s affections & consequ5t )drawal ( f9ancial support w n leave h] necess>ily incapable ( f9d+ o!r employm5t4 7#c7 ,t1 z ! cle>-cut l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 m>ri$ & unm>ri$ unions becomes obscur$ by ! increase 9 ! numb] ( ! latt]1 x w no long] be ei!r possible or necess>y to put ! unm>ri$ mi/ress z completely beyond ! pale ( dec5t society z has be5 cu/om>y 9 ! pa/4 ,f ! above consid]ations x w be se5 t ! gr[+ economic indep5d5ce ( wom5 is likely1 unless c\nt]act$ by o!r =ces1 to lead to a relaxation ( ! m>riage tie1 to an increase 9 irregul> unions1 & to a gr[+ t5d5cy to disp5se ) m>riage altoge!r4 ,b1 "s critics w object1 :at ab\t ! *ildr58 ,hi!rto1 ,i h left ! *ildr5 outside ! scope ( ! argum5t1 & x is high "t to br+ !m 94 ,?is leads me to a consid]ation ( ! second ( ! two factors :i* ,i cit$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! *apt]1 ! practice ( bir?-control4 ,,ii4 ,t ! practice ( bir?-control is likely to increase !re c1 ,i ?9k1 be no reasonable d\bt4 ,i am aw>e t !re is consid]able opposition to bir?-control at ! mom5t1 & ! v>i\s argum5ts are br\ght =w>d to disc\rage p f employ+ its me?ods4 ,^! argum5ts are n held on rational gr\nds1 b are dictat$ by prejudices bas$ on c]ta9 religi\s or political op9ions :i* ^? :o put !m =w>d pr(ess4 ,x is said1 = example1 t bir?-control is displeas+ to ! ,almighty1 :o inv5t$ sexual int]c\rse = ! reproduction n ( pleasure b ( *ildr52 & x is ?\ght1 ?\gh n said1 t x is injuri\s to ! ,/ate because x w dim9i% ! supply ( cannon-fodd] & *eap lab\r4 ,z reg>ds ! ,almighty1 :e!r he w\ld agree ) ! views put =w>d by ^? :o speak 9 8 "n is n kn[n4 ,until1 !re=e1 we c obta9 a direct expression ( 8 op9ion on ! matt]1 x is m prud5t to assume t 8 attitude is non-committal1 ?an to supply ! place ( k by conv]t+ our conjectures into dogmas4 ,z reg>ds ! supply ( cannon-fodd]1 ?is is suppos$ to be important = consumption 9 future w>s4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ^? :o oppose bir?-control on ! gr\nd t x w dim9i% ! numb] ( recruits1 also hold t w>s are inevitable ow+ to ! pressure ( exp&+ populations1 x w\ld seem t populations :i* cease to exp& h no ne$ to ma9ta9 l>ge armies to protect !m f ! results ( expansion4 ,! position ( ^? :o oppose bir?-control be+ bas$ on political & religi\s feel+s ( an emotional "* is n1 h[ev]1 refutable by argum5t1 or assailable by reason4 ,our bus9ess is n to reply to argum5ts :i* h no rational basis1 b to e/imate :at influ5ce !y are likely to h 9 ! future4 ,!re is1 ,i ?9k1 little d\bt t ?is influ5ce w be a dim9i%+ "o4 ,mu* ( ! opposition to bir?-control is little m ?an an expression ( ! g5]aliz$ feel+ ( ho/ility :i* p exp]i5ce 9 reg>d to any?+ t is new4 ,:e!r x be a new morality1 a new sonata =m1 a new way ( we>+ ! hair1 a new k9d ( corset 7or none at all71 or a new savi\r ( mank9d ) :i* he is pres5t$1 man's natural & in/9ctive reaction is "o ( antagonism4 ,! antagonism is provok$ n by any intr9sic dem]it 9 ! ?+ t ar\ses xinde$ 9 fifty or a hundr$ ye>s "t x is embrac$ ) acclamation z ! la/ ^w 9 or?odoxy or good =mb simply by its newness4 ,! sugge/ion t any way ( life1 ( ?\ght or ( conduct c be bett] ?an t :i* !y h hi!rto foll[$ w\nds p's self-respect1 & "s "t mu/ elapse be=e !y c ov]look ! (f5ce4 ,?is k9d ( objection applies 9 a m>k$ degree to bir?-control :i* *all5ges p's mo/ intimate habits1 & seems likely to effect a revolution 9 _! conduct4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 dim9i% z ! idea ( bir?-control becomes famili>4 ,! reaction ( ! normal ,engli%man to t :i* is new usually passes ?r\gh ?ree phases4 ,he says fir/ 8,x is absurd01 second 8,x is contr>y to ,scripture01 & ?ird 8,( c\rse6 ,i knew x all ! "t04 ,x w be se5 t ! opposition to bir?-control has already pass$ into ! second phase4 ,!re is a fur!r reason = ! probable weak5+ ( ! anti-bir?-control movem5t4 ,! organiz$ opposition to bir?-control comes v l>gely f memb]s ( ! upp] & middle classes4 ,^! on an av]age h v mu* small] families ?an ! l[] classes 9 ^: int]e/s !y pr(ess to oppose bir?-control1 & to :om !y d5\nce x4 ,! inevitable inf]5ce f ?is fact _c cont9ue indef9itely to rema9 undrawn1 &1 z soon z x is drawn1 ! l[] classes w be able to gauge ! s9c]ity ( ^? :o exhort !m to *oose betwe5 cont95ce or *ildr51 :ile be+ !mselves rem>kable = nei!r4 ,f9ally ! k ( ! use ( contraceptives is b\nd 9 c\rse ( "t to p]colate ?r\gh e social /ratum4 ,! advantages ( bir?-control to ! individual are s obvi\s t few w refuse to avail !mselves ( ! k :i* ! ,/ate1 9 ! p]sons ( ! m$ical (fic]s 9 *>ge ( infant welf>e c5tres1 at pres5t )holds2 :ile ! disadvantages to ! community ( a sy/em "u :i* ! l[] /rata prolif]ate un*eck$1 :ile ! upp] & middle classes b>ely keep up _! numb]s1 & ! exceptional man :o has ! tal5t & en]gy to climb f "o /ratum into ano!r f9ds x necess>y to /]ilize himself 9 ! process1 w1 9 ! %ape ( a rapidly det]iorat+ population1 =ce !mselves ^u ! notice ( ev5 ! mo/ pi\s4 ,bir?-control has come to /ay2 x has also knock$ ! bottom out ( :at is call$ sexual morality4 ,if ! views put =w>d 9 ! previ\s *apt]s be correct1 if morality is ! int]e/ ( ! /rong]1 & if1 :]e ! /rong] is ! h]d ( av]age individuals1 x expresses itself 9 disapproval ( conduct f :i* ! av]age1 = :atev] reason1 %r9k1 !n ! driv+ =ce ( morality is to be look$ = n 9 any innate sanction b 9 ! p[] :i* ! h]d possess ( r5d]+ intol]able ! lives ( ^? :o fl\t its prejudices4 ,b 9 ord] t ! h]d may be able to ex]cise ?is p[]1 x mu/ be 9 a position to detect ! objects ( its c5sure4 ,?is has be5 possible 9 ! pa/ ow+ to ! un=tunate prop5sity ( sexual irregul>ity to result 9 (fspr+4 ,x is n easy to disguise ! exi/5ce ( a *ild1 &1 ev5 if ! desp]ate c\rse ( ov]lay+ or o!rwise ext+ui%+ x be adopt$1 ! disposal ( ! corpse pres5ts grave difficulties4 ,su* a c\rse is also op5 to ! objection ( do+ grave viol5ce to ! human] p>5tal in/9cts4 ,b bir?-control precludes ! necessity = *ildr51 & by s do+ makes x possible to 8s90 )\t be+ f\nd out4 ,x is n to be expect$ t p w refuse to avail !mselves ( ! lib]ty !reby conf]r$4 ,:e!r we are to inf] t p are by nature s9ful1 or simply t a s9 :i* has be5 manufactur$ by h]d morality is n really a s91 is a "q t does n imm$iately conc]n u4 ,:at does conc]n u is ! impetus :i* ?is ability to avoid detection is likely to give to irregul> int]c\rse4 ,bir?-control comb9$ ) economic indep5d5ce has br\ght a new fre$om to wom54 ,economic indep5d5ce enables !m to h *ildr5 )\t go+ ei!r to ! alt> or into ! workh\se4 ,! practice ( bir?-control makes x unnecess>y ev5 to h ! *ildr54 ,"o fur!r result ( bir?-control may be notic$ be=e we pass on4 ,?is is ! probable abolition ( ! d\ble /&>d ( morality = m5 & wom5 aft] m>riage4 ,t adult]y 9 a wife has always be5 consid]$ to be m s]i\s ?an adult]y 9 ! husb& ! /ate ( ! law be>s witness4 ,adult]y 9 a wife is a suffici5t cause = divorce1 9 a husb& x#f mu/ be c\pl$ ) cruelty or des]tion4 ,?is disp>ity ( treatm5t has always caus$ grave (f5ce to fem9i/ organizations4 ,yet ! reason = ! diff]5ce is n f> to seek4 ,x arises f ! economic dep5d5ce ( ! wife ^u ! husb&4 ,z ! result ( ?is dep5d5ce any *ildr5 :i* ! wife may acquire 9 ! c\rse ( h] adv5tures become a *>ge ^u ! husb&1 :o is ?us requir$ to pay = ! fruits ( 8 own %ame & ano!r's enjoym5t4 ,x is true t he is1 or ought to be1 simil>ly responsible = ! upkeep ( ! (fspr+ :i* may result f 8 own adult]y1 b 9 ?is case he has at lea/ _h 8 pleasure & s9n$ 8 s91 & _c 9 ju/ice compla9 if 8 sub/ance is consum$ by its fruits4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 adult]y on ! "p ( ! wife does n c>ry ) x a risk ( *ildr5 to be ma9ta9$ by ! husb&1 x becomes an (f5ce nei!r m nor less s]i\s ?an adult]y on ! "p ( ! husb&1 & ! d\ble /&>d ceases accord+ly to op]ate4 #f ,9 ,july1 #aibc1 ! law 0 am5d$ & adult]y 9 ! husb& became a suffici5t gr\nd ( divorce4 ,z a result ( ! above-m5tion$ consid]ations we may expect t ! practice ( bir?-control w pr(\ndly modify our sexual habits4 ,x w enable ! pleasures ( sex to be ta/$ )\t its p5alties1 & x w remove ! mo/ =midable det]r5t to irregul> int]c\rse4 ,x is ?is consid]ation :i* lies at ! root ( ! opposition to bir?-control4 ,deep d[n 9 mo/ ( u !re lurks some?+ ( ! old ,puritanical attitude1 :i* insi/s t pleasure _c or %\ld n be _h )\t pay+ = x4 ,?is at lea/ is true ( pleasures we d n %>e4 ,& x is ?is s5tim5t :i* is outrag$ by ! immunity f ! consequ5ces ( sexual pleasure :i* bir?-control conf]s4 ,! ,puritans object$ to be> bait+ n s mu* because ( ! pa9 :i* x gave to ! be>1 z because ( ! pleasure :i* x gave to ! spectators4 ,9 ! same way ! great mass ( dec5t middle class citiz5s object to bir?-control n because ( ! evil :i* x does to ! race1 b because ( ! pleasure :i* x gives to ^? :o practice x4 ,! ,puritans are up 9 arms2 ! d[ag]s1 ! aunts1 ! old maids1 ! p>sons1 ! t[n c\ncillors1 ! cl]ks1 ! memb]s ( ,vigilance ,committees & ,purity ,leagues1 all ^? :o are !mselves too old to enjoy sex1 too unattractive to obta9 :at !y w\ld wi% to enjoy1 or too respectable to pref] enjoym5t to respectability9 a ^w1 ! mak]s ( public op9ionare outrag$ 9 _! deepe/ feel+s by ! prospect ( %ameless1 h>mless & unlimit$ pleasure :i* bir?-control (f]s to ! "y4 ,& if !y c /op x x w be /opp$4 ,h5ce concurr5tly ) ! increas$ fre$om :i* economic indep5d5ce & bir?-control w give to "y p1 & to "y wom5 9 p>ticul>1 !re is likely to be a gr[? 9 re/rictive & purely inhibitory morality on ! "p ( ! middle-ag$4 ,we are 91 !n1 = a wave ( ,puritanism on ! "o h& comb9$ ) ! possibility ( a new lib]ty ( action on ! o!r4 ,:at w be ! outcome8 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,com+ ,,cla% ,be=e ,i endeav\r to answ] ! "q ) :i* ,i conclud$ ! la/ *apt]1 !re are "o or two additional consid]ations to :i* x is necess>y to ref]1 s9ce !y mu/ affect our e/imate ( ! future4 ,i h spok5 ( ! possibility ( a new fre$om = wom5 due to bir?-control & economic indep5d5ce4 ,o!r factors are likely to make su* fre$om m imp]ative on social gr\nds & less intimidat+ on moral ones4 ,! fir/ is ! great & gr[+ prepond]ance ( wom5 9 ! community4 ,x is e/imat$ t 9 ,great ,brita9 !re are already two million m wom5 ?an m51 & ! figures c no d\bt be p>allel$ f o!r ,we/]n ,european c\ntries4 ,our pres5t moral code condemns ^! two million1 & z _m m z ! numb] ( ba*elors involves1 to p]petual celibacy & /]ility4 ,9 o!r words "o woman out ( e t5 is expect$ to d5y h]self ! "r to mo!rhood or to become an outca/ f dec5t society4 ,?is sy/em is intol]able2 x is manife/ly break+ d[n 9 _m directions1 & x cont9ues at all only because public op9ion among wom5 is /ill too unorganiz$ to prote/ aga9/ x4 ,x is already ! subject ( :olesale disreg>d & infr+em5t 9 practice1 & x w be aboli%$ 9 !ory z soon z ! social s5se ( ! community has progress$ to ! po9t ( remov+ ! /igma f illegitimacy & ! reproa* f unm>ri$ mo!rhood4 ,9 o!r words ! sy/em is b\nd up ) ! man-made conv5tion :i* insi/s t ! "r to h a *ild %all be saddl$ ) ! duty ( look+ aft] a man1 &1 s9ce !re are n en\gh m5 to g r\nd1 wom5 w soon] or lat] be =c$ 9 self-def5ce to p]mit !mselves to h *ildr5 )\t husb&s4 ,s f> z ! "r to sexual exp]i5ce1 indep5d5tly ( ! "r ( mo!rhood1 is conc]n$1 ?is is already safegu>d$ by bir?-control4 ,! gr[+ surplus ( wom5 w t5d1 !re=e1 ?r\gh ! %e] pressure ( virg9ity1 to promote an increase 9 irregul> relation%ips1 & to re9=ce ! movem5t t[>ds fre$om already describ$4 ,nor w religi\s consid]ations det] ) _! traditional =ce4 ,i h already spok5 ( ! decl9e ( religi\s s5tim5t 9 connection ) ! gr[? ( moral rig\r 9 ! h]d4 ,lack+ ! conviction t ,god w puni% wrong-do]s1 !y arrogate ! "r to !mselves4 ,b ! same scepticism :i* lights ! fires ( ! h]esy-hunt]s enc\rages ! wick$ness ( ! h]etics4 ,if m>riages 7 n made by ,god1 & torm5t 9 hell is probably n ! result ( adult]y1 !re is no long] reason to ?9k t five m9utes' bliss mu/ be paid = 9 t]ms ( et]nal damnation4 ,x is1 no d\bt1 true1 t ,god /ill loves ! pure1 b :5 e>?ly lov]s are available1 ! price ( ,god's love may be n wor? ! pay+4 ,h5ce ! religi\s argum5t1 ?\gh d\btless x w op]ate z a brake 9 a dim9i%+ numb] ( cases1 w no long] act z a :olesale det]r5t4 ,a m s]i\s consid]ation is put =w>d 9 ! "n ( biology4 8,y are10 ! biologi/ w po9t out1 8conduct+ y\r argum5t on ! basis ( c]ta9 assumptions ) reg>d to ! nature ( wom51 s9ce y pr$ict an increase 9 sexual irregul>ity n only among m51 b also1 & inevitably1 among wom54 ,m51 x is agre$1 are regrettably promiscu\s1 9 ! s5se t1 ev5 if !y are monogam\s 9 fact1 !y are v>ieti/ by incl9ation4 ,b wom5 are diff]5t4 ,_! nature is n v>ieti/ b monogam\s1 & x w1 9 spite ( all *anges ( mat]ial circum/ances & moral s5tim5ts1 rema9 s4 ,= ?is reason irregul> sexual unions w n increase 9 ! mann] y pr$ict40 ,biological argum5ts ( ?is type1 d]iv$ f ! alleg$ nature ( wom51 are 9 my view m]e man-made sup]/itions4 ,! p>ticul> argum5t 9 "q 0 inv5t$ by ! peccant male :o wi%$ to conv9ce himself t1 h[ev] flagrant 8 own infidelities1 8 wife w\ld rema9 fai?ful because x 0 h] nature4 ,! sup]/ition 0 also useful1 because x impli$ t1 al?\gh a life ( unv>y+ fidelity might d viol5ce to 8 natural proclivities1 he ne$ suff] no qualm ( consci5ce 9 expect+ & exact+ conduct :i* he repudiat$ = himself f 8 monogam\s wife4 ,! notion too 0 flatt]+ & appeal$ readily to male conceit4 ,n[ z to ! exi/5ce ( ! facts ass]t$ by my imag9>y biologi/1 !re is1 ,i imag9e1 little d\bt4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 c\ntless exceptions ei!r way1 b ! g5]al t5d5cy is n obscure4 ,:ile ! cases ( ,my ,"l & ! b>maid are legion1 ^? ( ,my ,lady & ! groom are notori\sly few4 ,b admitt+ ! fact1 are we to reg>d x z necess>ily unalt]able8 ,_m1 ,i "k1 are incl9$ to d s4 ,contemplat+ ! dome/ic trag$ies spr++ f ! nomadic t5d5cies ( ! male1 !y h se5 9 !m "o m piece ( evid5ce = ! satirical plan on :i* !y believe ! ,univ]se to h be5 con/ruct$4 ,if inde$ !re be design 9 ! s*eme ( ?+s1 to :at sort ( design d ! facts po9t8 ,to h made man polygam\s & woman monogam\s !y reg>d z ,god's wor/ practical joke1 & conclude t1 :atev] may h be5 ! objects & disposition ( ! creator ( ! ,univ]se1 !y 7 c]ta9ly n ^? ( a g5tleman4 ,b is ! fact really unalt]able8 ,may x n be ! outcome ( c5turies ( s]vitude & seclusion1 made absolute by ! k t fidelity meant bread & butt] & a home1 infidelity />vation or ! /reets8 ,s9ce ! beg9n+s ( record$ hi/ory ! great bulk ( wom5 h1 x is true1 rema9$ monogam\s1 b !y may h done s f fe> ( los+ _! jobs z wives if !y did n4 ,^? :o h be5 ri* en\gh to /& ^u _! own f9ancial feet1 or p[]ful en\gh to snap _! f+]s at public op9ion1 h n be5 rem>kable = /rict obs]vance ( ! m>riage tie4 ,! cases ( ,messal9a1 ,ca!r9e ! ,great & ! mod]n film />1 n to m5tion a score ( less notori\s in/ances1 are in/ructive4 ,significant too is ! frequ5cy ( divorce among ^? :o are suffici5tly well to d to af=d ! enorm\s fees exact$ by ! legal pr(ession f ^? :o wi% to *ange _! p>tn]s4 ,x is difficult1 9 ! face ( evid5ce ( ?is k9d1 to avoid ! conclusion t ! monogam\s t5d5cies ( wom5 are ! product ( tra9+1 circum/ance1 & environm5t1 & w n outla/ ! economic disabilities :i* produc$ !m4 ,9 any ev5t ! pres5t exi/5ce ( ^! t5d5cies1 if t5d5cies !y be1 af=ds no indication ( :at !y may become 9 ! future4 ,! fact t ! primitive savage c\ld only c\nt on ! f+]s ( "o h& does n invalidate ! exi/5ce ( ! multiplication table1 any m ?an ! fact t mo/ wom5 want only "o man ea* n[ proves t !y w n want m 9 a hundr$ ye>s4 ,! use ( ! ^w #8natural' begs ! "q4 ,we acquire ^? *>act]i/ics :i* our circum/ances & environm5t dem&1 & !n transmit !m to our *ildr5 9 :om1 be+ inh]it$1 !y are t]m$ natural4 ,b ?is does n mean t our *ildr5 w n 9 due c\rse develop new *>act]i/ics ( _! own1 if a *ange ( circum/ances r5d]s ! old ones undesirable4 ,!re are signs inde$ t ! new *>act]i/ics are already beg9n+ to appe>4 ,! attitude ( repres5tative up-to-date wom5 on ?is subject is curi\s4 ,!y t5d to d5y ! diff]5ce betwe5 males & females :i* my imag9>y biologi/ alleg$1 & to decl>e t _! incl9ations are naturally z promiscu\s z ^? ( _! husb&s4 ,! circum/ance t !y control !m bett] argues1 !y ass]t1 m s5se2 x does n imply a diff]5ce 9 nature4 ,rem>ks ( ?is k9d are (t5 made by wom5 :o1 nev]!less1 live exempl>y lives & w\ld scorn to rev5ge !mselves ^u an unfai?ful husb& by imitat+ 8 conduct4 ,nev]!less !re is no reason to suppose t !y delib]ately misrepres5t _! feel+s1 & we c only conclude t1 z usually happ5s1 a new t5d5cy is manife/+ itself 9 feel+ "s "t be=e x is translat$ into action4 ,= ^! reasons ,i d n ?9k t any conv9c+ argum5ts z to ! future c be bas$ on ! alleg$ monogam\sness ( wom5 9 ! pres5t4 ,nor1 s soon z ! =ce ( ! monogam\s habit wanes1 d ,i ?9k t wom5 w cons5t to put up ) ! manife/ disadvantages ( a sy/em :i* is bas$ ^u ! assumption t x is z /rong z x ev] 04 ,x is c]ta9 t !y w n be det]r$ by ! prote/s ( outrag$ males4 ,conv5tional morality1 z ,i h already po9t$ out1 l _m ( our o!r in/itutions su* z mat9es1 conc]ts & ,god1 is kept go+ by wom51 & directly wom5 )draw _! support1 n all ! opposition ( m5 w avail to save x4 ,:at !n is likely to happ58 ,c]ta9ly n a relapse into complete promiscuity4 ,! belief t p are fundam5tally lic5ti\s1 & t a p>tial removal ( ! b>ri]s ) :i* society has h$g$ ab\t ! bus9ess ( reproduction w precipitate ! population into a welt] ( unbridl$ lic5se1 pleasantly %ock+ ?\gh x is to ! m9ds ( respectable p1 has absolutely no f\ndation 9 fact4 ,?is belief spr+s f ! doctr9e ( orig9al s91 :i* has always be5 popul> among quiet & well-behav$ p]sons4 ,if man is by nature wick$ & s9ful1 & woman is v little bett]1 !n1 inde$1 contraception & ! economic indep5d5ce ( wom5 w lead to an orgy ( sex indulg5ce 9 :i* ! population w %uffle itself l a pack ( c>ds4 ,no?+ ( ! k9d is likely to happ54 ,! purely sexual elem5ts 9 love h come to occupy an entirely disproportionate am\nt ( att5tion ow+ to ! taboos ) :i* !y h be5 inve/$4 ,once ^! taboos are remov$1 !y w rev]t to _! natural position ( comp>ative unimportance4 ,if x 7 p]missible to reproduce ! sexual act ^u ! /age we %\ld all lose our int]e/ 9 *orus girls' legs4 ,moreov]1 playwrights w\ld n tr\ble to avail !mselves ( ! p]mission4 ,)9 reason1 cont95ce & con/ancy are natural to human be+s4 ,x is only ! intol]able /ra9 to :i* our absurd social arrangem5ts h subject$ !m t has caus$ u to reg>d ourselves z be+ by nature unfai?ful & incont95t4 ,!re is no gr\nd = ! belief t ! av]age man or woman :o all[ !mselves to be guid$ by _! own impulses mu/ ne$s be sc\ndrels4 ,= among _! impulses mu/ be numb]$ self-respect1 mod]ation1 & a s5se ( :at is "r & fitt+4 ,because ?is s5se may be1 & (t5 is1 at v>iance ) ! h]d morality :i* is cry/alliz$ 9 ! law1 x does n mean t x does n exi/4 ,on ! contr>y1 x may be 9 advance ( ! morality x dis[ns1 s t p ?r[n helpless on _! passions may f9d t hone/y1 t self-respect1 t hatr$ ( c[>dice & deceit1 & ! desire = cleanl9ess1 heal?1 & effici5cy 7 ma/] passions discipl9+ !m f> m effectively ?an ! artificial inhibitions ( a m$iaeval morality bas$ on an obsolete religion & d]iv+ its p[] f le?>gy & fe>4 ,"s *anges 9 social arrangem5ts !re w no d\bt be4 ,9 ,russia1 = example1 :]e ! k ( bir?-control is accessible to all classes1 :]e any two p>ties by agreem5t1 or ei!r ( ! two p>ties by reque/1 may obta9 a divorce1 & :]e no /igma is plac$ ^u illegitimacy1 !re has be5 a consid]able relaxation ( ! family sy/em4#g ,if ?is means1 z x probably does1 t unhappy families h brok5 up & t husb&s & wives :o dislik$ ea* o!r h avail$ !mselves ( ! opportunity to make a fre% />t1 we ne$ n regret ! *ange4 ,nobody w\ld cont5d t society is ! ga9] by condemn+ ! unhappily m>ri$ to a lifetime ( dome/ic mis]y1 & x is difficult to see :y ! common s5se ( ! community :i* consid]s ! wi%es ( ! p>ties conc]n$ a suffici5t gr\nd = consummat+ _! m>riage does n reg>d ! wi%es ( ! same p>ties z a suffici5t reason = t]m9at+ x4 #g ,report ( ,lab\r ,delegation1 #aibe4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ?is relaxation has tak5 place concurr5tly ) a m>k$ decrease 9 pro/itution4 ,on ! o!r h& x is unlikely t ^? :o are happily m>ri$ w ru% to ! ,regi/r> ) ! object ( mak+ !mselves mis]able by sep>at+1 simply because reasonable divorce laws give !m ! opportunity to d s4 ,x w\ld be an int]e/+ exp]im5t1 & "o :i* w\ld enable u to e/imate ! ext5t ( m>ital unhapp9ess1 to proclaim a day ( conjugal amne/y at recurr+ int]vals4 ,we might1 = example1 celebrate ! coronation ( e new k+ by giv+ to all m>ri$ c\ples ! "r to dissolve _! m>riages1 & seek o!r mates4 ,if advantage 7 n tak5 ( ! facilities (f]$ )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 !re w\ld be a compulsory rev]sion to ! /atus quo ante4 ,or x might be bett] to fix def9ite p]iods betwe5 ! days ( amne/y1 s t !y w\ld recur at regul> int]vals4 ,ea* g5]al election might s]ve z a signal = a conjugal ,g5]al ,po/1 s t c\ples w\ld h ! *ance ( ga9+ _! fre$om e five ye>s4 ,i myself w\ld advocate ! in/itution ( su* amne/ies1 al?\gh ,i believe t ! am\nt ( conjugal dislocation !y w\ld cause w\ld be surpris+ly small4 ,x is difficult to avoid feel+ s5tim5tal at ! prospect ( p>t+ ev5 f ^? :om we dislike1 & ! fact t c\ples 7 no long] b\nd 9 law w\ld only tight5 ! bonds ( s5tim5t4 ,a w\ld feel t1 unpleasant z ,b _h be51 he c\ld n v well let h] d[n1 & ,b w\ld %r9k f leav+ ,a ) no "o to look aft] him1 ev5 :5 %e _h h]self look$ aft] him v badly4 ,y _c1 9 %ort1 live ) any "o = a numb] ( ye>s )\t dread+ ! prospect ( _! loss4 ,! k1 moreov]1 t qu9qu5nial escape 0 possible might lead to m>ri$ p treat+ _! p>tn]s ) at lea/ ! degree ( civility !y at pres5t res]ve = _! acqua9tances4 ,i d n ?9k1 !re=e1 t ! *anges caus$ by a conjugal amne/y w\ld be v ext5sive4 ,= ! above reasons ,i conclude t ! social results ( ! *anges ,i h be5 describ+ w am\nt to little m ?an a dim9ution 9 ! numb] ( unhappy m>riages1 & an increase 9 ! numb] ( exp]im5tal unions4 ,b x is n to be suppos$ t ! h]d w see ! matt] 9 ?is light4 ,no?+ exce$s ! lic5se tak5 by ! imag9ations ( v rigid p1 & !re is little d\bt t ! va/ mass ( respectable citiz5s1 appall$ & horrifi$ by :at !y w insi/ on reg>d+ z ! prospect ( gr[+ & unlimit$ lic5se1 w rise to meet ! situation ) panic & p]secution4 ,& s9ce1 = ! reasons already giv51 morality 9 a mod]n community is t k9d ( conduct :i* suits ! /rong]1 we may expect a revival ( ,puritanism express+ itself 9 a new robu/ness & ac]bity 9 ! moral s5se ( ! h]d4 ,symptoms ( ?is revival are n want+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we wi% to see ! cle>e/ port5ts ( :at is com+ we mu/1 z ,i h h9t$ above1 look to ,am]ica4 ,am]ica1 z ,i h already po9t$ out1 leads ! _w 9 morals z 9 ev]y?+ else4 ,t ,am]ican citiz5s set great /ore by morality is notori\s4 ,) _! con/ant ,purity ,crusades1 ,puritan pogroms1 ,vigilance ,committees1 & popul> juries ( select$ citiz5s1 :o visit surreptiti\sly & report ^u ! moral tone ( ,new ,york plays1 !y put our m decad5t civilization to %ame4 ,on :at sort ( l9es d ^! eng9es ( ,am]ican morality take action8 ,"o in/ance mu/ suffice4 ,9 ,april ( ?is ye>1 "o ,miss ,jewell ,b>k] w5t bicycl+ 9 :ite knick]s4 ,h] outrag$ neighb\rs %[$ _! s5se ( ?is vici\s act by proce$+ to seize & flog ,miss ,b>k]'s fa!r4 ,?is is at once to usurp & to inv]t ! div9e privilege ( visit+ ! s9s ( ! fa!rs ^u ! *ildr54 ,am]ica is1 ( c\rse1 pre-em95tly ! ,l& ( ,lib]ty1 & we _c hope to emulate h] highe/ feats4 ,ef=ts are1 h[ev]1 n want+ ( our endeav\rs to live up to ! /&>d our c\s9s set4 ,i w quote at r&om "o or two ,am]ican examples ) _! ,briti% p>allels4 ,am]ica4 ,!re is sumptu>y legislation design$ to *eck ! lic5se ( ! /age4 8,!re is01 we are told1 8a rule 9 "s ,am]ican t[ns t ! *orus girls mu/ we> /ock+s1 al?\gh ! pr9cipals are all[$ to appe> ) b>e legs04 ,engl&4 ,9 rec5t mon?s !re has be5 a /rong prov9cial movem5t aga9/ ! indec5cy & unpleasantness ( ! plays produc$ 9 ,london4 ,respectable citiz5s compla9 t !y nev] c tell :at salaci\s bea/l9ess may n be sprung ^u _! prote/+ eyes & e>s1 :at se>*light ca/ ^u ! ,augan /ables ( high society4 ,actors & actresses h express$ _! views1 po9t+ out t a pure /age is z good a pay+ proposition z a na/y "o1 & invok+ ! case ( ! ,gilb]t & ,sullivan op]as to be> witness to ! tru? ( _! cont5tion4 ,^! op]as1 a notori\s comm]cial success1 h nev] be5 kn[n to br+ a blu% to ! mo/ b\rgeois *eek4 ,a numb] ( ,london wom5 h accord+ly b&$ !mselves toge!r v[+ to purify ! /age4 ,prote/s are to be made nightly 9 !atres at :i* plays to :i* objection is tak5 are p]=m$4 8,we %all /ick at no?+10 said ! lead] ( ! campaign1 8to make our prote/ effective04 ,concurr5tly ) ?is developm5t !re has aris5 a dem& = a /rict] c5sor%ip4 ,i ?9k x probable t we are on ! ?re%old ( a p]iod resembl+ ! e>ly sev5te5? or middle n9ete5? c5turies1 :5 life z x is w be driv5 (f ! /age by ! ,puritans' dem& = life z x ought to be1 love w give place to s5tim5t1 & reality to romance4 ,am]ica4 ,a new teetotal v]sion ( ! ,bible is promis$ f ,am]ica4 ,! fe/ive passages are all dry1 ! words #8rais9 cake' tak+ ! place ( ! ^w #8w9e' :]ev] ! latt] occurs 9 ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion4 ,?us we h 8,& he dealt to ev]yone ( ,israel1 bo? m5 & wom51 to ev]yone a roll ( bread1 a portion ( meat & a cake ( rais904 ,scotl&4 ,/eps 7 tak5 9 ! spr+ ( ?is ye> to transf] to ,scotl& a film depict+ ! explorations ( ,liv+/one4 ,an extract f ! daily pap] tells u t 8,prohibitioni/s !re are already /r5u\sly object+ to ! incid5t :i* %[s ,liv+/one1 aft] he has be5 f\nd by ,/anley1 dr9k+ *ampagne ) 8 rescu]6 ,! difficulty is t ! incid5t is hi/orically correct 444 & ! problem is :e!r tru? %\ld be suppress$ 9 ! int]e/s ( morality4 #8,at any rate' said ! ,secret>y ( ! ,london ,mission>y ,society #8! rais+ ( ! "q is evid5ce ( ! progress made s9ce 8 "t4'0 ,x c sc>cely be d\bt$ t if ! meet+ _h tak5 place to-day1 ,liv+/one w\ld h ackn[l$g$ ! m>* ( progress by dr9k+ wat]4 ,a /raw %[s ! direction ( ! w9d1 & ,i %\ld n be at all surpris$ to see ,scotl& g dry 9 ! next fifty ye>s1 especially if %e is successful 9 obta9+ ,home ,rule4 ,if ,scotl& goes dry1 x is n to be expect$ t ,engl& w fail ultimately to foll[ suit4 ,! increase 9 effici5cy among dry workm5 is v great1 & if ! bus9ess m5 rema9 8! /rong]0 9 ! community1 !y _c cont9ue indef9itely to be bl9d to its advantages1 especially z !y !mselves w\ld be immune f ! h>d%ips x entails4 ,if we ask :e!r an (ficially dry b un(ficially wet bus9ess class1 & a work+ class :i* is dry bo? (ficially & un(ficially1 does n mean "o law = ! ri* & ano!r = ! poor1 our answ] is t conv5tional morals always does mean ?is4#h #h ,cp4 ! case ( ! legs ( ! *orus & ! pr9cipals1 p4 #gj4 ,! practice ( virtue1 we are (t5 told1 is dep5d5t ^u ! possession ( a suffici5t income4 ,x is only ! well to d :o c af=d to be g5]\s1 hone/1 & unselfi%1 because !y h no temptation to be o!rwise4 ,b :at is true ( virtue is equally true ( vice1 & ! exp]i5ce ( ! work+ ( prohibition 9 ,am]ica %[s h[ easy x is = ! ri* to procure illicit indulg5ces :i* are out ( ! rea* ( ! poor4 ,!re is likely to be legislation aga9/ wantonness 9 dress4 ,by wantonness is meant ! practice among females ( unnecess>ily expos+ p>ts ( _! body4 ,! curi\s belief t ! body is 9 "s way disgraceful1 & t ! exhibition ( x is1 !re=e1 wick$ is v preval5t among ,we/]n peoples4 ,x arises p>tly f natural prud]y1 p>tly f ! prop]ty view ( m>riage1 & p>tly f ! inclem5cy ( ! climate :i* makes ba?+ a comp>ative r>ity4 ,! ,japanese :o h a ba? twice a day1 obs]ve no discrim9ation betwe5 ! sexes 9 _! ba?+4 8,"o day01 said ! ,m>quis ( ,x :o _h j return$ f ,japan1 8my wife w5t to h a ba?1 & %e got z f> z ! r9s+ /age :5 two "y ,japanese came 94 ,%e _h to take refuge 9 ! tank1 scream+ at ! top ( h] voice until ! two "y m5 7 tak5 away4 ,!y no d\bt ?\ght h] a v fa/idi\s "y woman04 ,! conviction t ! body is wick$ & ought to be conceal$ is important1 because x leads wom5 to expose portions ( x :i* !y w\ld o!rwise protect1 & rightly protect1 f ! rig\rs ( ! atmosph]e1 9 ! belief t !y are mak+ !mselves attractive4 ,?us wom5 swa!d 9 lay]s ( furs 9 respect ( ! re/ ( _! p]sons1 w v5ture =? on ! colde/ day ) b>e bosoms & op5-"w /ock+s4 ,x is ) ! same object t1 ?\gh _! religion bids !m mortify ! fle% & refra9 f mak+ ( !mselves a /umbl+ block to o!rs1 !y w appe> at d9n] ) necks1 bosoms1 backs1 & arms completely nak$1 a proce$+ n only acquiesc$ 9 b enc\rag$ by _! males4 ,?is sort ( ?+ is ana!ma to ! h]d1 :o _c af=d ! ev5+ dress & ! furs1 & to ! old1 ! condition ( ^: bodies does n1 except 9 ! case ( ! incurably optimi/ic1 p]mit !m to take ! same lib]ties z _! daught]s4 ,h5ce we may expect a consid]able /iff5+ ( public op9ion 9 ! matt] ( decorum 9 dress & a return to ! days 9 :i* ev]y?+ except ! h&s & ! face 0 c>efully cov]$ up4 ,9 ! sph]e ( :at is call$ sexual morality we may expect a gr[+ t5d5cy to make wick$ness 7t is to say conduct :i* is n 9 ! int]e/s ( ! /rong]7 puni%able by law4 ,attempts w be made1 & successfully made1 to multiply crimes by ,act ( ,p>liam5t4 ,a good example ( ?is t5d5cy w be f\nd 9 ! ,bill entitl$ ,! ,*ildr51 ,"y ,p]sons1 etc41 ,bill1 introduc$ by a ,lab\r ,memb] dur+ ! t5ure ( (fice by ! ,lab\r ,gov]nm5t 9 #aibd4 ,x repres5ts b\rgeois or h]d morality 89 excelsis40 ,x is kn[n z ! ,(f5ces aga9/ ! ,p]son ,bill1 & its object is to codify & ext5d ! exi/+ enactm5ts aga9/ abortion1 cruelty to *ildr51 (f5ces aga9/ *ildr51 & neglect ( *ildr54 ,_m ( its provisions are admirable & af=d :at is no d\bt a necess>y protection to *ildr5 aga9/ suff]+ & neglect4 ,nev]!less x m5aces individual lib]ty 9 two ways4 ,9 ! fir/ place x increases ! numb] ( (f5ces puni%able by law1 (t5 9 an arbitr>y mann]4 ,= example1 x is made a crime puni%able by two ye>s h>d lab\r = a girl ( sixte5 to h int]c\rse ) a "y man ( eighte51 ! crim9al be+ n1 z "o might h expect$1 ! eld] ( ! two p>ties conc]n$1 b ! girl4 ,%e alone is liable to imprisonm5t2 ! "y man is all[$ to g free4 ,x is also a crim9al (f5ce to conceal ! bir? ( a dead *ild1 to cause or enc\rage a *ild to beg1 or to celebrate ! m>riage ( a boy & a girl "u sixte51 su* m>riages be+ decl>$ invalid4 ,9 ! second place ! ,bill au?orizes grave int]f]5ce ) p]sonal privacy4 ,! (fic]s & inspectors *>g$ ) execut+ its multif>i\s provisions are giv5 unlimit$ p[]s ( se>*1 & au?oriz$ 9 c]ta9 cases to arre/ )\t w>rant4 ,ev5 if a bill ( ?is k9d 7 to be adm9i/]$ by angels or sages1 ! opportunities = espionage & surveillance :i* x be/[s w\ld be suffici5tly (f5sive4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 its provisions w 9 fact be en=c$ by inspectors & con/ables drawn f ! l[] middle classes1 :o w be only too will+ to d5\nce z flagrant immorality :atev] transc5ds ! exp]i5ce ( ,clapham1 ! measure /&s reveal$ z an attempt to end[ ! h]d ) increas$ p[]s ( int]f]5ce & control ov] ! private lives ( ^? :o v5ture to /& outside x4 ,enc\ragem5t w\ld also be giv5 to malevol5t & (f5sive p]sons :o wi%$ to d h>m to _! neighb\rs by lay+ in=mation aga9/ !m4 ,9 g5]al1 lib]ty w\ld be dim9i%$1 (f5ces multipli$1 & ! individual r5d]$ m subs]vi5t to public op9ion ?an is ! case to-day4 ,ano!r expression ( h]d feel+ w be a gr[+ t5d5cy to enquire into ! private lives ( ^? :o hold public appo9tm5ts4 ,! h]d1 t is to say1 w increas+ly dem& ( ^? :o fill positions ( em95ce & au?ority 9 ! l& t !y %all con=m 9 practice1 & pr(ess to con=m 9 belief1 to ! code ( prejudices & pref]5ces :i* x pret5ti\sly calls its morals4 ,ev5 to-day1 at ! end ( half a c5tury ( individuali/ ?9k+1 fitness to p]=m a p>ticul> job is "o ( ! lea/ important qualifications 9 a c&idate4 ,:at is important is t he %all be a memb] ( a recogniz$ religi\s sect1 su* z ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& or "o ( ! sub-sects ( ,noncon=mity1 t he %all live ) "o wife1 avoid divorc+ & be+ divorc$1 & display /udi\sly temp]ate habits4 ,he mu/ also ex]cise discretion 9 8 public utt]ances1 be judici\sly b n viol5tly patriotic 9 8 s5tim5ts1 es*ew extreme views 9 politics1 refra9 f support+ unpopul> causes1 & on all occasions give ! h]d ! answ]s x expects4 ,?us 9 ,wales x is difficult if n impossible = a man to hold any public appo9tm5t unless he is a memb] ( a p>ticul> *apel1 & at ,engli% ,univ]sities _m tea*+ po/s are res]v$ = ^? 9 ,holy ,ord]s4 ,giv5 ! capacity = reflect+ ! op9ions & flatt]+ ! prejudices ( ! _m1 m5 ( ackn[l$g$ incompet5ce may successfully aspire to ! mo/ responsible po/s4 ,!re is inde$ no po/ 9 ! c\ntry a man _c hold ) cr$it1 if he c only succe$ 9 hold+ 8 tongue4 ,con=mity r ?an intellig5ce is m p>ticul>ly requir$ ( ^? :o seek to in/ruct ! "y4 ,a man's ability to demon/rate ! diff]5tial calculus or imp>t ! facts ( hi/ory w\ld n1 x is true1 appe> to be less5$ by 8 hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! divorce c\rt4 ,yet !re is no d\bt t su* an ev5t w ca/ a blight ^u 8 c>e] z a tea*]4 ,p are too satisfi$ ) _! own ways ( ?\ght & habits ( conduct to wi% = _! *ildr5 any?+ bett] ?an t !y %\ld ?9k & act z !y d !mselves4 ,:at is dem&$ ( ! tea*]1 !re=e1 is t he %\ld transmit to ! *ildr5 ! same beliefs z ^? :i* are held by _! p>5ts4 ,he mu/ hold up to _! admiration ^? ?+s :i* _! p>5ts consid] to be admirable1 su* z ,god1 vacc9ation1 monogamy1 ! ,treaty ( ,v]sailles & ! capitali/ sy/em1 & speak ) scorn & contempt ( ,bol%evism1 a!ism1 ,g]many1 free love & agitators1 :om p>5ts consid] to be evil4 ,:5 ! tea*] does ?is he is :at is call$ a safe man4 ,he inspires confid5ce & obta9s pref]m5t4 ,provid$1 9 %ort1 t he gu>antees n to tea* any?+ new1 8 capacity to tea* any?+ at all is n s]i\sly que/ion$4 ,&1 s9ce ! be/ m9ds ( e g5]ation1 be+ 9 advance ( _! "t1 w\ld pref] n to tea* at all r ?an to p]petuate ! dogmas 9 :i* !y h ceas$ to believe1 ! successful tea*] is n always rem>kable = intellig5ce4 ,9 any ev5t1 :e!r intellig5t or n1 he mu/ con=m1 & w h to d s increas+ly4 ,! h]d morality :i* drove a /atesman ( ! calibre ( ,dilke out ( public life because x disapprov$ ( 8 private life1 is1 aft] a tempor>y relapse1 increas+ 9 /r5g?1 & 9 ! imm$iate future nobody :o does n pr(ess ! morality to :i* ! middle classes adh]e w /& any *ance ( public (fice4 ,if a man's actions belie 8 pr(essions he mu/ be c>eful to conceal !m4 ,"o ( ! results ( ?is developm5t w be an increase 9 hypocrisy4 ,to-day ! agno/ic don at ,ox=d wor%ips regul>ly 9 ! ,college ,*apel1 & m5 w be driv5 increas+ly to give lip-s]vice to ideals & %ibbole?s :i* 9 _! he>ts !y despise4 ,9 g5]al1 ! gulf :i* sep>ates public pr(ession & private practice1 a gulf :i* has made ,engl& a byword = hypocrisy1 w gr[ wid]4 ,driv5 to pr(ess ! beliefs ( %opkeep]s1 m5 w rely increas+ly ^u _! private judgm5t z a sanction = _! conduct4 ,h5ce ! attempt to impose a uni=m /&>d bas$ ^u an obsolete morality ^u our public m5 may lead to a revival ( t unfa%ionable organ ! private consci5ce1 & ^? f :om an unwill+ con=mity is exact$ 9 public1 w insi/ t !y & !y alone are ! judges ( :at is "r & wrong 9 private4 ,i h tak5 ! ,(f5ces aga9/ ! ,p]son ,bill z a typical in/ance ( ! k9d ( legislation 9 :i* ! new ,puritanism may express itself4 ,x indicates a return to ! ,greek conception t m5 c be made good by ,act ( ,p>liam5t4 ,9 ! late n9ete5? & e>ly tw5tie? c5turies ?is conception 0 reg>d$ ) disfav\r4 ,z ! result ( ! individuali/ ?9k+ ( ! prec$+ fifty ye>s1 ! idea t !re 0 "o good life :i* all m5 ought to lead _h be5 ab&on$4 ,! individuali/ view 0 t !re 7 diff]5t k9ds ( good lives = diff]5t m51 z _m 9 fact z !re 7 m5 to live !m1 & t x 01 !re=e1 impracticable to e/abli% by law a positive /&>d ( e?ical conduct to :i* all mu/ con=m4 ,9 s f> z law _h any function 9 ! matt]1 x 01 by prohibit+ viol5ce & ! crud] =ms ( robb]y1 to gu>antee to ! community a c]ta9 backgr\nd ( ord] )\t :i* no good life 0 possible4 ,s9ce ! m]e process ( obey+ ! law did n make a man a good man b only re/ra9$ him f c]ta9 unappetiz+ k9ds ( vice by :i* no dec5t upp] or middle class citiz5 0 attract$1 x foll[$ t ! function ( ! law 0 negative m]ely2 its object 0 to prev5t citiz5s f s conduct+ !mselves t nobody c\ld be virtu\s1 n to def9e virtue or to tell m5 h[ to atta9 x4 ,! def9ition ( virtue 0 a matt] = ! individual's insight1 & ! atta9m5t ( virtue a matt] = ! individual's consci5ce2 provid$1 !re=e1 t a man ab/a9$ f ! gross] =ms ( anti-social conduct :i* 7 prohibit$ by law1 ! "q ( :at he ought to d1 & :at refra9 f do+1 0 "o :i* he alone c\ld decide4 ,i believe t ?is n9ete5? & e>ly-tw5tie? c5tury lib]t>ianism 9 matt]s ( ?\ght & conduct is decreas+ & w cont9ue to decrease4 ,! cult ( uni=mity is ho/ile to ! lib]ty ( ! individual1 & 9 ord] to secure ! p]=mance ( conduct ( :i* ! h]d approves1 ! legislature is likely to assume a m positive control ov] m5's lives ?an has be5 cu/om>y 9 ! pa/4 ,we %all1 9 o!r words1 rev]t to ! conception ( "o good life = all m51 or r = all poor m51 a good life :i* x is conceiv$ to be ! bus9ess ( ! ,/ate & ( public op9ion to promote4 ,summ+ up1 !re=e1 we may pr$ict ! imm$iate future some:at z foll[s3 ,com+ into contact ) ! increas$ facilities = fre$om ( action to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made1 ! new it* to regulate m5's lives w lead to p]secution & h]esy-hunt+4 ,m5 w be h\nd$ out ( public life because ( _! private morals1 & acceptance ( c]ta9 habits ( belief & codes ( conduct w be made indisp5sable to ! hold+ ( public appo9tm5ts4 ,in/ead ( *oos+ = a po/ ! man :o is be/ qualifi$ to d ! job1 we %all *oose ! man :o mo/ ne>ly reflects ! habits ( ?\ght & conduct ( ! selection bo>d1 t is to say1 ( ! h]d :o elect$ ! selection bo>d to repres5t !m4 ,! gr[? ( ,puritanism w br+ a gr[? 9 hypocrisy1 a fruitful & invaluable (f%oot ( ,puritanism4 ,!re w be an ev5 great] disp>ity betwe5 m5's practices & _! pr(essions ?an !re is at pres5t1 & _! pr(essions w t5d increas+ly to condemn _! practices4 ,! _w1 9 %ort w become a p>adise = ! av]age man & a hell = ! exceptional "o4 ,s mu* we may expect dur+ ! next fifty ye>s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,i am ask$ :i* ( ! two oppos+ t5d5cies ,i h attempt$ to describe 9 ?is book w ultimately prevail1 my answ] is t x w n be ! b\rgeois ,puritanism ^: app>5t victory ,i =esee 9 ! imm$iate future4 ,nor1 inde$1 d ,i ?9k t t victory w be m ?an app>5t4 ,! hi/ory ( morals1 l t ( politics1 foll[s ! sw+ ( ! p5dulum1 & "s reaction on ! "p ( ea* g5]ation f ! habits ( its fa!rs seems to be inevitable4 ,9 s react+ x rev]ts to ^? ( its fa!rs' fa!rs4 ,?us ea* g5]ation t5ds to take ! gods ( its gr&fa!rs f ! %elf ^u :i* its fa!rs h plac$ !m4 ,to-day we are at ! beg9n+ ( a p]iod ( reaction f ! lic5se ( ! ,w>4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 "y p ( betwe5 ! ages ( eighte5 & tw5ty-f\r & _! pr$ecessors ( sev5 ye>s ago is v m>k$4 ,! latt] 7 casual1 (fh&1 & easy-go+4 ,!y obs]v$ little c]emonial 9 _! relation%ips ) ea* o!r1 smok$1 flirt$ & made love :5 & :]e !y pleas$1 m>ri$ 9 ha/e & rep5t$ at leisure or disp5s$ ) m>riage altoge!r1 & despis$ r ?an rev]$ ! ag$ to :om !y 7 a con/ant s\rce ( horror & amazem5t4 ,:at is p]haps mo/ noticeable ab\t _! successors to-day is _! improvem5t 9 mann]s4 ,!y are *ivalr\s to wom51 consid]ate to ! old1 ma9ta9 a decorum at dances :i* is positively ,victorian1 & in/ead ( ha/5+ to e/abli% sexual relations ) :omsoev] attracts !m1 h actually gone out ( _! way to po/pone ! fruition ( _! desires by a re9troduction ( ! rite kn[n z 8engagem5t04 ,9 p>ticul>1 wom51 no long] treat$ z ! equals ( m51 are alt]natively wor%ipp$ & disreg>d$1 bl[n al(t l soap bubbles or jettison$ z lumb]4 ,! reaction1 9 %ort1 is already well "u weigh1 & its influ5ce = _m ye>s to come w be great4 ,b ! normal cycle ( action & reaction1 ( lic5ti\s eighte5? & ,puritanical n9ete5? c5turies1 dep5ds = its recurr5ce on ! entrance ( no new factors2 x is b\nd up t is to say ) ! prop]ty /atus ( wom5 & ! production ( *ildr5 z ! fruit ( sexual int]c\rse4 ,once new factors are introduc$1 x may well be ?r[n p]man5tly out ( ge>4 ,bir? control & ! economic indep5d5ce ( wom5 are to my m9d factors ( ?is k9d4 ,! *anges !y port5d are incalculable1 &1 ?\gh _! full effects may be delay$ = two or ?ree decades1 no ,puritan revival nor any numb] ( su* revivals1 :e!r back$ by ! law or f9d+ expression 9 public op9ion m]ely1 w 9 ! long run be able to /& aga9/ !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i am consci\s t :at ,i h writt5 9 ?is book w seem to _m to be cynical & disruptive4 ,i %all be *>g$ ) tak+ a l[ view ( human nature1 & speak+ slight+ly ( morality4 ,my answ] is1 fir/1 t :at ,i h writt5 ( 9 ^! pages is n human nature z a :ole1 b t "p ( human nature only :i* expresses itself 9 :at is call$ morality2 & secondly1 t :at is call$ morality is n 9 any true s5se ( ! ^w morality at all4 ,morality1 z ,i und]/& x1 is positive3 x insi/s t c]ta9 ?+s are good & ought to be pursu$ ev5 if ! heav5s fall4 ,b ! habits ( ?\ght & /&>ds ( conduct ,i h analyz$ 9 ?is book1 al?\gh !y are call$ morality1 are n positive b negative4 ,_! appeal is to m5's fe>s r ?an to _! hopes2 !y tell !m n :at !y mu/ d to be sav$1 b :at !y mu/ n d if !y are to avoid ! c5sure ( society4 ,_! basis is ! in/9ct to possess1 & _! weapon ! p[] to blame4 ,m5 blame ^? :o claim a lib]ty !y d>e n ass]t = !mselves1 & dignify ) ! "n ( morality ! indulg5ce ( possessive in/9cts 9 :i* savages glory )\t hypocrisy4 8,:at c\ld ,i h done 9 ! circum/ances80 ask$ ! husb& ( an err+ wife 9 a rec5t society sc&al case4 8,if y ask me to tell y ,i w4 ,y c\ld h told y\r wife t if %e w5t ) ! man aga91 y w\ld get h] divorc$4 ,y c\ld !n h gone up to ,london & assault$ ,sir ,x ,y1 & to hell ) y\r c>e]01 repli$ ! em95t c\nsel on ! o!r side4 ,?is is ! law ( ! jungle2 x is ! expression ( mo/ ( :at passes = morality to-day1 &1 :ile x prevails1 !re is little hope = ! _w4 ,( positive morality :i* br+s ! conviction t "s ?+s are good & ought to be pursu$ = _! own sake1 !re has nev] be5 less4 ,x is d\btful inde$ :e!r a positive morality c exi/ )\t a /rong & lively religi\s feel+1 & religion 0 nev] at s l[ an ebb4 ,! emotional en?usiasm :i* religion g5]ates is indisp5sable to a true morality4 ,= good or = evil religion is ! loos] ( great =ces4 ,x may be captur$ & made to s]ve base ends1 b "u ! influ5ce ( ! emotion :i* x creates m5 c be br\ght to believe t "s ?+s are bett] ?an o!rs1 & to ov]come any ob/acle 9 ord] t ! good ?+s may prevail4 ,x is ?is belief :i* is lack+ 9 ! _w to-day4 ,until1 !n1 ! life-=ce c contrive aga9 to s5d a great religi\s tea*] into ! _w1 a true1 positive morality w be lack+4 ,! man :o is born 9 ,engl& w cont9ue to believe t x is "r to m>ry "o wife1 & ! man :o is born 9 ,p]sia w cont9ue to believe t x is "r to m>ry f\r1 & ea* w invoke morality to ju/ify 8 belief4 ,su* morality is m]ely topographical2 x reflects no conception ( :at is good1 & x gives u no hope t ! _w c be made bett] because x does n believe t its own _w is bad4 ,mean:ile ! less we write & ?9k ab\t morality ! bett]4 ,a _w )\t religion is a sad & a tir+ _w because x lacks an object1 & = ?is reason !re h be5 few g5]ations :i* h kn[n less happ9ess ?an our own4 ,9 su* a _w ^? :o ?9k ! lea/ h ! be/ ( x4 ,9 su* a _w reflection c only produce despond5cy1 & x is bett] to take our pr(essions & prejudices ready made f ! social %op1 ?an to emb>k on a sea ( tr\bles by ?9k+ out a morality = ourselves1 to act ) ! bus9ess man r ?an to brood ) ! philosoph]s4 ,9 a new & positive morality 9 :i* m5 c believe lies ! hope = ! _w2 yet su* a morality _c come )\t a revival ( religion4 ,religion & religion alone gives ! driv+ =ce :i* impels m5 to *ange ?+s1 & until a religi\s attitude to ! _w aga9 becomes "p ( man's common h]itage1 all ! app>5t *anges 9 morality1 ( :i* diff]5t ages & c\ntries are ! witnesses1 w fail to disguise ! fundam5tal fact t !re is no morality to *ange4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text 9 italics is enclos$ by und]scores 7italics74 ,punctuation & spell+ inaccuracies 7 sil5tly correct$4 ,ar*aic & v>iable spell+ has be5 pres]v$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation & comp\nd words h be5 pres]v$4