,,beautiful ,,%ells3 ,,_! ,,nature1 ,,/ructure1 ,,& ,,uses ,,famili>ly ,,expla9$2 ,,) ,,directions ,,= ,,collect+1 ,,clean+1 ,,& ,,arrang+ ,,!m ,,9 ,,! ,,cab9et2 ,,descriptions ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,rem>kable ,,species1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,creatures ,,:i* ,,inhabit ,,!m2 ,,& ,,explanations ,,( ,,! ,,mean+s ,,( ,,_! ,,sci5tific ,,names1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,,9 ,,con*ology4 ,,by ,h4 ,g4 ,,adams1 ,au?or ( 8,ne/s & ,eggs ( ,famili> ,briti% ,birds10 8,beautiful ,butt]flies10 8,fav\rite ,song ,birds10 8,a ,/ory ( ! ,seasons10 c4 c4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,num]\s ,,engrav+s ,,col\r$ ,,plates4 ,,london3 ,,groombridge ,,& ,,sons1 #e1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 ,m ,,dccc ,,lvi4 ,,introduction4 ,,:at ,,are ,,%ells8 ,dr4 ,johnson gives u no less ?an eight diff]5t mean+s = ! ^w ,,%ell4 ,fir/1 he calls x #8,! h>d cov]+ ( any?+2 ! ext]nal cru/4' ,second1 #8,! cov]+ ( a te/ace\s or cru/ace\s animal4' ,& "h we may /op1 = ?is is j ! signification :i* has to d ) our subject2 s let u turn ! s5t5ce inside out1 & see :at we c make ( x4 ,we all "k :at a cov]+ is--an out] coat1 a case1 a protection f injury1 a husk1 a cru/1 a--9 %ort1 a %ell1--scyll or scell1 z our ,saxon =efa!rs call$ x2 s*ale1 z ! ,g]mans n[ t]m x4 ,no ,lat9 nor ,greek "h1 b ! good old ,saxon tongue1 some:at r\gh & rugg$1 p]haps1 b /\t & /urdy1 & hone/ & s]viceable2 a k9d ( language to /& we> & te>1 l a pair ( hob-nail$ %oes1 ) little poli%1 b useful1 yes1 v useful6 ,well1 we h got s f>1 n[ comes a h>d ^w--,,tes-,,ta-,,ce-,,ous1 :at c x mean8 ,x is pron\nc$ tes-ta-%us1 comes f ! ,lat9 te/aceus--hav+ a ,%ell1 & means consi/+ (1 or compos$ ( %ells2 s we f9d t a te/acean is a %ell-fi%1 & te/aceology is ! sci5ce ( %ells4 ,johnson's second mean+ ( ! ^w te/ace\s is #8,hav+ cont9u\s1 n jo9t$ %ells1 oppos$ to cru/ace\s4' ,s we f9d t "s naturali/s call ^? te/ace\s fi%1 8^: /rong & ?ick %ells are entire & ( a piece1 because ^? :i* are jo9$1 z ! lob/]s1 are cru/ace\s40 ,n[ "s ( ! true te/acean h %ells 9 m ?an "o or two pieces1 & !re=e ?is la/ explanation ( ! t]m is r calculat$ to mislead a le>n]2 b we %all expla9 pres5tly :]e9 ! diff]5ce consi/s betwe5 !m1 & ! ,,crus-,,ta-,,ce-,,ous1 or1 z we pron\nce x1 krus-ta-%us1 fi% consi/s4 ,"h is ano!r long ^w1 x comes f ! ,lat9 cru/a1 a ^w ( _m mean+s1 all hav+ ref]5ce to an out] coat or cov]+4 ,my read]s "k all ab\t pie-cru/1 & h p]haps he>d a surly1 snappi%1 peevi% p]son call$ a cru/y fell[2 !y w n[ und]/& :at is meant by a cru/acean & cru/aceology1 t "p ( ,zoology :i* treats ( cru/ace\s animals4 ,!y con/itute q a l>ge family1 ^! ologies1 & h a /range way ( twi/+ !mselves ab\t1 & ex*ang+ limbs & features1 s t "o is puzzl$ at times to tell :i* is :i*4 ,b "h we h fix$ two ( !m1 call$ ,,te/aceology & ,,cru/aceology1 tw9 bro!rs1 & v mu* alike 9 _! *>act]i/ics4 ,let u h a good look at !m1 s t we may "k !m aga9 if we %\ld lose sight ( !m = a:ile4 ,n[ we w spell ov] ! "n ( ! fir/-- ,,con*ology4 ,:y1 x is *ang$ already8 ,has ?is sci5ce ( %ells !n ano!r "n8 ,yes1 & ?is is x1 pron\nc$ kong-kol-o-gy1 & d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 con*a1 :i* means prop]ly a %ell-fi% ) two %ells1 jo9$ by a h+e1 z ! oy/]1 ! cockle1 etc4 ,?is pres5t volume !n is a "w on ,con*ology1 ! subject ( x is ,con*if]\s1 & :oev] /udies x w be do+ some?+ t[>ds becom+ a ,con*ologi/4 ,s mu* = names & titles2 b /ill we h ! "q to answ]1 ,:at are %ells8 ,9 a le>n$ "w call$ a ,cyclopdia1 we f9d x /at$ t 8%ell is ! h>d calc>e\s 7t is *alky7 sub/ance :i* protects1 ei!r p>tially or entirely1 ! te/ace\s mollusks ext]nally1 or supports c]ta9 ( !m int]nally40 ,all ?is y w und]/&1 except p]haps ! ^w #8mollusks2' ?is is a t]m appli$ to s(t-bodi$ animals1 su* z %ell-fi%1 snails1 etc41 ab\t :i* we %all h m to say z we proce$4 ,by ?is we le>n t all %ells are n ext]nal or out] cov]+s1 "s are int]nal or inn] supports = ! s(t1 jelly-l bodies to :i* !y belong1 ?us p]=m+ ! duty ( bones4 ,an example ( ?is is se5 9 ! %ell ( ! ,cuttle ,fi%1 call$ by naturali/s ,sepia1 a description ( :i* w be f\nd fur!r on 9 ! book4 ,%ells are ei!r ,cry/all9e or ,granul>4 ,n[ look at ^? two words1 !y almo/ expla9 _! own mean+4 ,cry/all9e %ells are ^? :i* h m or less ( cle>ness1 transp>5cy z we say1 s t if held aga9/ ! light x %ews ?r\gh !m2 !y are sometimes call$ ,porcellane\s %ells1 f _! resemblance 9 ?is respect to porcela91 or *9aw>e2 ! ,common ,c[ry1 7,cypra ,tigris17 is a %ell ( ?is description4 ,granul>1 or1 z !y are sometimes call$1 ,concretion>y %ells1 are ! mo/ h>d & compact2 x is 9 ^! t ! sub/ance call$ nacre1 or "m-(-pe>l1 is mo/ly f\nd4 ,"o ( ! commone/ examples is ! oy/] %ell2 if brok5 across x w be se5 to consi/ ( v ?9 plates1 or lam91 z !y are t]m$1 closely pack$ toge!r4 ,! ?9n] ^! lam9 may be ! m lu/r\s & beautiful appe>s ! l9+ ( ! %ell2 t %ift+ play ( col\rs :i* we call iridesc5t1 f iris--! ra9b[1 is !n brighte/ & mo/ noticeable4 ,a v rem>kable sub/ance is ?is "m-(-pe>l2 smoo?1 & %9+1 & delicately-t9t$4 ,:o w\ld expect to f9d su* a beautiful l9+ to ! rugg$1 r\gh1 d+y-look+ oy/]1 or mussel %ell8 ,truly ^! mollusks1 "s ( !m1 live 9 gorge\s palaces4 ,& ! mo/ curi\s "p ( ! matt] is t f ! fluids or juices1 ( _! own bodies1 & f ! *alky matt] collect$ f ! wat]1 !y are enabl$ to secrete or deposit su* wond]fully-con/ruct$ habitations1 :i* aft] all are little m ?an *alk4 ,burn a heap ( oy/] %ells1 or any o!r te/ace\s cov]+s1 & y get lime ! same z t produc$ by burn+ ! :ite lumps f ! *alk-pit1 :i* lumps1 by ! way1 are said to be compos$ :olly1 or = ! mo/ "p1 ( m>9e %ells4 ,?is we %\ld call cretace\s matt]1 f creta1 :i* is ! ,lat9 = *alk1 or calc]\s1 f calcis--lime4 ,granul> %ells y h be5 told are sometimes call$ concretion>y1 ?is is because !y conta9 a l>ge am\nt ( ?is *alky deposit4 ,! rock call$ lime/one1 geologi/s tell u1 is compos$ entirely ( fossil %ells & mud1 or :at 0 once mud1 dri$ & h>d5$1 mo/ likely by extreme heat1 to ! consi/5ce ( rock4 ,wond]ful ?is to ?9k (2 huge m\nta9s1 & mighty masses1 & f>-/ret*+ /rata1 =m+ a l>ge portion ( ! cru/ ( ! e>?1 made up *iefly ( ! cov]+s ( fi%es1 a great portion ( !m s small z to be sc>cely visible to ! nak$ eye4--,truly wond]ful6 ,b we %all h m to say ^u ?is head :5 we come to speak ( ,fossil ,%ells1 z well z on ! subject ( ,pe>ls1 9 our *apt] on ! fi% 9 ^: %ells !y are *iefly f\nd4 ,x has be5 a matt] ( dispute ) naturali/s :e!r ! te/ace\s mollusks h %ells at all be=e !y issue f ! egg1 & ! ma9 evid5ce fav\rs ! op9ion t1 g5]ally speak+1 !y d possess :at may be consid]$ z a k9d ( patt]n or model ( ! habitation :i* !y are to build4 ,?is appe>s to be ( a pale horn-col\r1 & de/itute ( any m>k+s2 b z soon z ! animal ent]s ^u an indep5d5t /ate ( exi/5ce1 x beg9s to assume its di/9ctive %ape & col\r1 gradually increas+ ) ! gr[? ( its liv+ t5ant1 & becom+ m & m decid$ly m>k$1 until x atta9s its full p]fection ( te/acean developm5t4 ,?us ! age ( "s %ell-fi% c be at once det]m9$ by ! peculi> con=mation & m>k+s ( ! %ell4 ,! relative portions ( animal & e>?y1 or r *alky matt]1 :i* compose ^! %ells1 v>ies consid]ably 9 diff]5t k9ds2 9 ^? call$ ,cry/all9e or ,porcellane\s1 ! animal deposit is mu* less ?an 9 ! granul> or concretion>y %ells1 :]e x n only con/itutes a l>ge "p ( ! :ole sub/ance1 b is m d5se1 t is ?ick1 & also has ! appe>ance ( be+ membrane\s1 or organiz$ matt]4 ,we c p]haps be/ expla9 ?is by say+ t :]eas ! diff]5t *alky lay]s ( ! cry/all9e %ell seem m]ely glu$ toge!r by ! int]v5+ animal fluid2 ^? ( ! granul> %ell1 z ! oy/]1 appe> to be connect$ by int]lac+ membranes4 ,b all ?is my read]s w le>n m ab\t f m advanc$ & sci5tific works if !y proce$1 z ,i tru/ !y w d1 9 ! /udy ( ,,con*ology1 a sci5ce :i* has 9 a great] or less degree attract$ ! att5tion ( curi\s & contemplative m9ds 9 all ages1 & ! /udy ( :i* x has be5 well said is peculi>ly adapt$ to recreate ! s5ses1 & ins5sibly to lead u to ! contemplation ( ! glory ( ,god 9 creation4 ,,beauty ,,& ,,value ,,( ,,%ells4 ,9 %ells1 z 9 all ! works ( ! ,almighty ,creator1 we may obs]ve an inf9ite v>iety ( =m1 & if !y d n all /rike u z alike graceful1 yet 9 ea*1 h[ev] pla9 & simple1 !re is "s peculi> beauty1 :e!r x be ! m]e holl[ cup1 or ! simple tube1 ! smoo? or twi/$ cone1 ! sl5d] spire1 ! convolut$ oval1 or half circle1 ribb$ or spik$1 ) a lip curv+ out l ! leaf ( a wat] lily1 or a n>r[ rim1 l t ( a gold5 *alice2 !y are inde$ elegant1 ea* p]fect ( its k9d1 & be>+ ! impress ( a con/ructive skill f> above t ( man1 :o copies f !m "s ( ! mo/ graceful & elegant designs :]e) to ornam5t 8 build+s1 & %apes 9 :i* to fa%ion 8 articles ( luxury or utility4 ,! mo/ beautiful scroll-"w ( m>ble *imney-pieces1 cornices ( rooms1 & o!r enri*$ portions ( bo? public & private /ructures1 are ^? 9 :i* ! =ms ( %ells h be5 tak5 = ! patt]ns ( ! arti/ic designs2 & h[ ta/eful & appropriate is ! employm5t ( ! %ells !mselves z ornam5ts = ! mantle-piece1 side-bo>d1 & *iffonni]e4 ,!n too1 8,! ra9b[-t9t$ %ell1 :i* lies ,miles deep at bottom ( ! sea1 ha? all ,col\rs ( skies1 & fl[]s1 & gems1 & plants40 ,n only has x grace & elegance ( =m1 b x has also ri*ness1 & delicacy1 & v>iety ( col\r+4 ,9 "s species ! t9ts are int5sely vivid z ! %ift+ lights ( ! aurora borealis1 or ! gl[+ hues ( an autumnal sunset2 9 o!rs pale & delicate z ! fir/ indications ( com+ morn1 or ! sc>cely-p]ceptible t+e ( a j exp&+ fl[]-bud2 9 "s ! col\rs are arrang$ 9 patt]ns1 regul>ly dispos$2 9 o!rs1 9 masses & blot*es1 ( v>y+ %apes & degrees ( int5sity2 9 "s aga9 !y seem to *ange & melt "o into ! o!r1 l ! prismatic hues ( ! ra9b[4 ,9 all1 :e!r di/9ct & unconnect$1 or intimately bl5d$1 :e!r regul> or irregul>1 !y are beautiful exce$+ly4 ,nor is _! beauty ( an evanesc5t1 t is fad+1 or vani%+ "*2 unlike plants & animals1 :i* :5 once dead1 are extremely difficult ( pres]vation4 ,%ells1 be+ compos$ ( p>ticles already 9 natural comb9ation1 are almo/ inde/ructible2 unless expos$ to ! action ( fire1 or "s p[]ful acid1 !y w rema9 ! same = ages1 requir+ no c>e or att5tion1 beyond occasionally remov+ ! du/1 :i* w\ld collect ^u & defile _! pe>ly :it5ess1 or obscure ! brilliancy ( _! col\rs4 ,s easily collect$1 arrang$1 & pres]v$1 & )al s s+ul> & graceful 9 =m1 & ri* & v>i\s ( t9t1 "o _c wond] t ,%ells h always _h a conspicu\s place 9 all museums1 & o!r collections ( natural hi/ory objects2 nei!r c we feel surpris$ t a high value %\ld h be5 set ^u r>e specim5s2 z mu* z a ?\s& p\nds x is said has be5 giv5 = ! fir/ discov]$ specim5 ( ! ,v5us ,dione2 ano!r %ell call$ ! ,conus c$o nulli1 is valu$ at ?ree hundr$ p\nds2 & ! ,turbo scaloris1 if l>ge & p]fect1 is wor? "o hundr$ gu9eas2 :ile ! ,cypra aurantium1 or ,orange ,c[ry1 if x has n a hole beat5 ?r\gh x1 w fet* fifty gu9eas4 ,x has be5 calculat$ t a complete collection ( ,briti% ,con*ology is wor? its weight 9 silv]4 ,! foll[+ quotation is f 8,! ,"y ,con*ologi/10 by ,miss ,rob]ts2--our read]s w d well to p]use x att5tively3--8,we admit t %ells are beautiful1 & t !y are admirably adapt$ to ! exig5cies ( ! we>]s2 b h[ %all we acc\nt = ! endless div]sity ( %ades & col\rs1 v>y+ f ! sob] coat+ ( ! g>d5 snail1 to ! delicate & gl[+ t9ts :i* are diffus$ ov] "s ( ! f9] species1 9 ! inf9ite pr(usion ( undulations1 cl\ds & spots1 b&s & reticulat$ figures1 ) :i* ^! admirable ar*itects enri* ! walls ( _! beautiful receptacles4 ,! means ( produc+ !m mu/ be s\ght = 9 ! animals !mselves4 ,_! necks are furni%$ ) pores replete ) col\r+ fluid1 :i* bl5ds ins5sibly ) ! calc>e\s exudation already notic$1 & ?us occasions t exquisite v>iety 9 _! te/ace\s cov]+s1 :i* art attempts to emulate1 b c nev] fully equal4 ,?us f> is ! result ( obs]vation & exp]im5t4 ,x n[ rema9s to acc\nt = ! extraord9>y fact t ! /ony exudations ( te/ace\s animals cond5se only on ^? p>ts :]e !y are ess5tial to _! welf>e4 ,b "h inve/igation ends--! microscope has done its (fice4 ,x seems z if mat]ial nature delight$ to baffle ! wisdom ( h] sons1 & to say to ! pr\d ass]tors ( ! suffici5cy ( human reason = compreh5d+ ! my/]ies ( creation & ( ,provid5ce1 #8,?us f> c y g1 & no f>!r2 ev5 9 ! =mation ( a %ell1 or its insignificant inhabitant1 y\r arrogant pret5sions are completely humbl$4'0 ,,uses ,,( ,,%ells4 ,9 speak+ ( %ells z ornam5ts1 & objects wor?y ( our /udy & admiration1 we h already m5tion$ "s ( _! uses1 = surely t :i* contributes to ! intellectual improvem5t & innoc5t pleasure ( mank9d1 is 9 its degree useful4 ,b on ! m n>r[ gr\nd ( utility1 %ells may also claim a high place 9 our e/imation4 ,to man 9 a b>b>\s & unciviliz$ /ate1 !y furni% ! means ( p]=m+ "s ( ! mo/ important op]ations ( daily life1 be+ ext5sively us$ z a sub/itute = iron4 ,! savage frequ5tly =ms 8 knife1 8 hunt+ spe>1 & 8 fi%-hook ( h>d %ell4 ,li/] relates t ! inhabitants ( ,nic>agua1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 fa/5 a %ell1 call$ ! ,o/rea virg9ica1 to a h&le ( wood1 & use x z a spade4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica ! natives use a blue & :ite belt compos$ ( %ells call$ ! ,v5us m]c5>ia1 z a symbol ( peace & unity1 & !re too ! gorget ( ! *iefta9's w>-dress is compos$ ( ! pe>l-be>+ mussel1 call$ by naturali/s ,mytilus m>g>itif]us4 ,_m ,african tribes use ! ,murex tritonis z a milit>y horn1 & a r>e v>iety ( ?is %ell1 :i* has ! volutions rev]s$1 is held sacr$1 & us$ only by ! prie/s4 ,among ! ,fri5dly ,isl&]s ! ,orange ,c[ry is a symbol ( ! highe/ dignity4 ,! ,money ,c[ry1 7,cypra moneta17 =ms ! curr5t co9 ( _m nations ( ,africa2 & a c]ta9 numb] ( ^! %ells /rung toge!r1 are consid]$ by ! slave-hunt+ *iefs1 z an equival5t = s _m black-sk9n$ bro!rs1 :om !y sell into hopeless bondage4 ,among nations1 too1 9 a high /ate ( civilization1 %ells are (t5 us$ = economical z well z ornam5tal purposes4 ,to say no?+ ( "m-(-pe>l1 :i* is conv]t$ into s _m articles useful z well z pretty1 scallop1 or oy/] %ells1 are frequ5tly employ$ z scoops by druggi/s1 groc]s1 & ! l2 & 9 ! c\ntry ! dairy-maid1 ) ! l>g] k9ds ( ! same %ell1 skims h] milk1 & slices h] butt]2 :ile sometimes by ! poor p ( bo? t[ns & villages1 ! deep] specim5s are conv]t$ into oil lamps4 ,"o v important use1 my "y read]s w und]/&1 :5 ,i speak ( a ragg$ ur*91 :o %\ts to e pass]-by--#8,please rememb] ! grotto6' ,9 anci5t times1 we are told1 ! p ( ,a!ns record$ _! votes on public occasions1 by m>ks ^u a %ell1 ?us ,pope says-- 8,he :om ungrateful ,a!ns w\ld expel1 ,at all times j1 b :5 he sign$ ! %ell20 9 allusion to ?is cu/om1 ( :i* we are rem9d$ by su* ,engli% words z ,atte/ation1 a c]tify+1 a be>+ witness2 ,te/ify1 to give evid5ce2 ,te/am5t1 a w1 or writt5 disposal ( prop]ty1 etc42 all hav+ _! orig91 x appe>s1 9 ! ,lat9 te/a--a %ell4 ,9 anci5t poetry we f9d ! ^w ,te/udo us$ to signify a musical in/rum5t1 also call$ a lyre or lute1 :i* in/rum5t1 accord+ to tradition1 0 fir/ made by pass+ /r+s1 & /ra9+ !m tightly1 ov] ! %ell ( a tortoise4 ,s ! poet ,dryd51 describ+ ^? :o li/5$ to ! music drawn f ?is simple inv5tion1 says-- 8,less ?an a ,god !y ?\ght !re c\ld n dwell1 ,)9 ! holl[ ( t %ell ,t spoke s sweetly40 ,a ,greek writ]1 call$ ,apollodorus1 gives ?is acc\nt ( ! inv5tion ( music by ! ,egyptian god ,h]mes1 m commonly kn[n z ,m]cury4 ,! ,nile hav+ ov]fl[$ its banks1 & laid "u wat] ! :ole c\ntry ( ,egypt1 left1 :5 x return$ to its usual b\nd>ies1 v>i\s dead animals on ! l&2 among ! re/ 0 a tortoise1 ! fle% ( :i* be+ dri$ & wa/$ by ! sun1 no?+ rema9$ )9 ! %ell except n]ves & c>tilages1 or ?9 gri/ly bones2 ^! be+ %runk & tight5$ by ! heat1 became sonor\s1 t is s\nd+4 ,aga9/ ?is %ell ,m]cury *anc$ to /rike 8 foot1 & pleas$ by ! s\nd caus$ !reby1 exam9$ ! %ell f :i* x came1 & s got a notion1 z we say1 h[ he might con/ruct a musical in/rum5t4 ,! fir/ :i* he made 0 9 ! =m ( a tortoise1 & /rung ) ! dri$ s9ews ( dead animals1 ev5 z are ! lutes1 h>ps1 & fiddles ( ! pres5t day4 ,?is fanciful mode ( acc\nt+ = ! orig9 ( music1 is ?us allud$ to by a writ] nam$ ,br[n3-- 8,! lute 0 fir/ devis$ ,9 imitation ( a tortoise' back1 ,^: s9ews p>*$ by ,apollo's beams1 ,e*o$ ab\t ! concave ( ! %ell2 ,& see+ ! %orte/ & smalle/ gave %rille/ s\nd2 ,!y f\nd out frets1 ^: sweet div]sity ,well t\*$ by ! skilful le>n$ f+]s1 ,r\s$ s /range a multitude ( *ords4 ,& ! op9ion _m d confirm1 ,because te/udo signifies a lute40 ,& n[ we are among ! my?s & fables ( antiquity1 we may j m5tion ano!r application ( ! %ell to musical purposes4 ,neptune1 :o1 accord+ to ! ,grecian my?ology1 0 ! god ( ! sea1 is frequ5tly repres5t$ z go+ =? 9 8 c> 9 great /ate & pomp1 ) a body-gu>d ( ,tritons2 "s ( :om g be=e ) twi/$ con* %ells z trumpets1 ) :i* we are to suppose !y make delightful h>mony4 ,v5us1 too1 ! goddess ( beauty1 rode on ! ocean foam 9 a te/ace\s c>4 ,?us ,dryd5 says1 t ,albion--our native l&1 s call$ on acc\nt ( its *alky cliffs1 f ! ,lat9 alba--:ite3-- 8,0 to ,neptune recomm5d$2 ,peace & pl5ty spread ! sails2 ,v5us 9 h] %ell be=e him1 ,f ! s&s 9 safety bore him40 ,b )\t believ+ all ^! fables1 m poetical ?an true1 we may soon conv9ce ourselves t 9 ! holl[ *amb]s ( a %ell1 !re does seem to dwell1 l an imprison$ _s1 a l[ sad k9d ( music4 ,an ,engli% poet1 nam$ ,walt] ,savage ,l&]1 has well describ$ ?is 9 ^! l9es-- 8,( pe>ly hue ,)91 & !y t lu/re h imbib$ ,9 ! sun's palace por*1 :]e1 :5 unyok$1 ,8 *>iot :eel /&s midway 9 ! wave2 ,%ake "o1 & x awak5s2 !n apply ,its poli%$ lips to y\r att5tive e>1 ,& x rememb]s its augu/ abodes1 ,& murmurs z ! ocean murmurs !re40 ,wordswor?1 too1 gives a beautiful description ( a *ild apply+ "o ( ^! pe>ly musical-boxes to 8 e>4 ,_m o!r uses ( %ells might be m5tion$1 to %[ t !y p]=m an important "p 9 ! op]ations ( nature1 z ! means & modes by & 9 :i* ,god sees fit to ord] ! affairs ( ?is _w are frequ5tly call$2 & also promote ! ends ( sci5ce1 & ! arts ( e-day life4 ,by ! decomposition ( ! %ells1 ( :i* !y are p>tly compos$1 solid rocks frequ5tly crumble to pieces1 & spread+ ov] a consid]able surface1 =m a fruitful soil = ! n\ri%m5t ( vegetation4 ,! "* ( ! te/ace\s deposits1 too1 enable geologi/s1 z ^? :o /udy ! nature & /ructure ( ! e>? are t]m$1 to come to important conclusions on _m po9ts connect$ ) ! subject ( ?is inve/igation4 ,& if we include1 z ! subject ( our book all[s1 ! inhabitants ( %ells1 h[ wide a field ( usefulness op5s be=e u4 ,h[ _m ?\s&s ( our indu/ri\s population dep5d :olly1 or 9 "p1 ^u ! capture & sale ( %ell-fi% = _! support4 ,9 "s p>ts1 z ! we/]n & nor!rn ,isl&s ( ,scotl&1 !y h 9 times ( sc>city af=d$ su/5ance to ! dwell]s on ! bleak & b>r5 %ores1 :o b = !m mu/ h p]i%$4 ,b ( all ?is we %all h m to say :5 we come to describe ! diff]5t memb]s ( ! te/ace\s family4 ,we w n[ (f] a few rem>ks ^u ,,! ,,inhabitants ,,( ,,%ells2 ,:i* belong+ to t division ( ,natural ,hi/ory call$ ! ,mollusca1 f ! ,lat9 ,mollis--s(t2 ^! ,mollusc\s animals1 !n1 are animals hav+ a s(t body1 & no int]nal skeleton4 ,y may be q sure t a ,mollusk w nev] break its bones1 because x has none to break2 x has a %ell1 h[ev]1 :i* may be brok51 at lea/ 9 "s cases1 = all ,mollusks h n snug habitations ( ! k9d2 b w&] ab\t ! wat]y or e>?y _w 9 :i* !y live1 q nak$2 su* z ! sea & l& slugs1 & "s worms1 lee*es1 etc43 b ) ^! we h no?+ to d1 our pres5t subject includ+ only a "p ( ,,malacology1 ano!r memb] ( t que] ology family1 d]iv+ its "n f two ,greek words signify+ s(t1 & a disc\rse2 h5ce x means a disc\rse ^u s(t1 or s(t-bodi$1 animals1 t is mollusca4 ,x is only a "p !n ( ,malacology t we h to d )2 t "p :i* relates to ! %ell-inhabit+ mollusks1 & /range creatures en\gh "s ( ^! are4 ,we w h a look at !m pres5tly2 j n[ x w be suffici5t to obs]ve t ! mollusca te/acea1 or s(t-bodi$ animals1 furni%$ ) %ells1 possess ! p[] ( exud+1 t is1 dis*>g+ f v>i\s p>ts ( _! bodies a /icky k9d ( fluid1 :i* mix+ ) ! *alky matt] collect$ f ! wat]1 & becom+ h>d1 =ms1 9 process ( "t1 ! %elly cov]+ :i* is at once a dwell+ & a def5ce = ! inhabitant4 ,miss ,pratt1 9 h] delightful book on 8,common ,?+s ( ! ,sea ,coa/10 obs]ves ( ^! %ells t1 8,we ga!r up ^? :i* we f9d1 & look+ at _! /ructure w\ld fa9 "k some?+ ( ! inmate ( su* a dwell+4 ,all nature proclaims ! goodness ( ,god4 ,we he> t ! bird :i* w+s its way ov] our heads has a song ( joy2 ! bee hums delight$ly by u2 & ! little %rimp :i* d>ts 9 ! cle> pool1 seems full ( m]rim5t4 ,0 ! inmate ( ! %ell less c>$ = by its ,mak]8 ,no d\bt ! little build] _h "s s5se ( joy1 z he fram$ f 8 own sub/ance ! h\se :i* excites our admiration4 ,d\btless 8 exi/5ce1 %ort & sluggi% z x 01 _h its own consci\sness ( pleasure2 & obscure z is 8 hi/ory1 & little calculat$ z su* a creature might seem to p]=m an important "p 9 ! economy ( creation1 yet we "k t he _h a "w to d1 n only = ! liv+ creatures ( ! sea1 b = ! well-be+ ( man himself40 ,,classification ,,( ,,%ells4 ,! great naturali/ ,l9nu divid$ %ells into ?irty-six g5]a1 ea* ( :i* compris$ a numb] ( species2 ( ^! species some:]e ab\t two ?\s& five hundr$ h be5 describ$ & classifi$2 ! v>ieties1 m or less di/9ct1 are almo/ c\ntless4 ,( %ells f\nd on & ab\t ! ,briti% ,isles1 !re are ab\t five hundr$ & fifty species1 or1 we %\ld r say 71 = dilig5t enquir]s into ?is bran* ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 are almo/ daily add+ to ! numb]4 ,we h already se5 t %ells are sometimes call$ ,cry/all9e1 & sometimes ,granul>1 9 accordance ) c]ta9 peculi>ities ( con/ruction be=e m5tion$3 ?is is "o mode ( division2 !re are sev]al o!rs made use ( 9 diff]5t sy/ems ( arrangem5t1 :i* only a deep] /udy ( ! subject ?an c be "h ent]$ ^u1 w\ld enable "o to und]/&2 ! pla9e/ & mo/ common1 h[ev]1 is t :i* has ref]5ce to ! =m ( ! %ell1 :i* is "o ( ^!-- ,illu/ration3 ,,univalve4 ,,bivalve4 ,,multivalve4 ,:elk4 ,mussel4 ,b>nacle4 ,^! words are d]iv$ f ! ,lat91 unus--"o1 bi--two1 multus--_m1 & !re=e x may at once be se5 t !y apply to %ells hav+ "o1 two1 or sev]al pieces or divisions4 ,valve comes f ! ,lat9 valva1 & means a fold+ door1 a lid1 a piece mov+ on a h+e1 z ! divisions 9 sev]al ( ^! %ells d4 ,?is ord] ( arrangem5t is g5]ally foll[$ by ^? :o make a collection ( %ells = a cab9et2 & to ?is we %all adh]e z at once ! mo/ simple & conv5i5t1 :5 we come to describe ! sev]al species ( te/ace\s mollusks4 ,we w n[ say a few words on ,,tak+ ,,& ,,pres]v+ ,,%ells4 ,a dilig5t se>*] along any bea* or coa/ l9e1 w be sure sometimes to light ^u curi\s & valuable specim5s1 & especially aft] viol5t /orms may su* be s\ght =1 ) ! greate/ *ance ( success1 = ! agitation ( ! wat]s w !n h loos5$ !m f _! natural b$s & dwell+-places1 & ca/ !m on ! %ore4 ,v frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 !y w be s beat5 ab\t & defac$1 t !y w be comp>atively valueless2 if envelop$ 9 tangl$ masses ( sea-we$1 !y are likely to be pres]v$ f injury2 & su* heaps ( uproot$ m>9e vegetation w (t5 af=d a ri* h>ve/ to ! "y con*ologi/1 :o %\ld always c>efully exam9e !m4 ,_m ( ! %ells are s m9ute z sc>cely to be se5 ) ! nak$ eye1 !re=e ?is se>* c sc>cely be prop]ly effect$ )\t ! assi/ance ( a pocket l5s1 ! co/ ( :i* is b trifl+4 ,! und]sides ( pieces ( /r&$ timb]1 ! bottoms ( boats lately return$ f a fi%+ voyage1 ! fi%]man's dr$ge or net1 ! cable1 & ! deep-sea l9e2 all ^! may prove productive1 & %\ld be look$ to :5ev] opportunity (f]s2 nor %\ld ! se>* = l& & fre%-wat] %ells be neglect$1 = _m ( ^! are v curi\s1 z well z beautiful1 & no con*ological collection is complete )\t !m4 ,= ^!1 ! be/ hunt+ gr\nds are ! dit* side & ! riv] b$1 ! mossy bank & ! h$ge-r[2 amid ! tw9+1 s]p5t-l roots ( ! old ?orn & eld] trees2 ! crevices ( ! g>d5 wall1 ! und]sides ( /ones1 & all sorts ( out-(-!-way holes1 nooks1 & corn]s1 :]e may be f\nd ! ,/rip$ ,zebra1 & o!r prettily-m>k$ snail %ells1 & _m o!r k9ds wor?y ( a place 9-- ,,! ,,cab9et2 :i* may be ei!r l>ge or small1 pla9 or h&some1 9 accordance ) ! means ( ! collector4 ,p]haps = a beg9n] j a ne/ ( %all[ draw]s 9 a deal or o!r case1 may be q suffici5t2 ^! draw]s %\ld be divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 on ! front side ( ea* ( :i* %\ld be pa/$ a neatly writt5 label1 ) ! common & sci5tific "n ( ! species ( %ell conta9$ 9 x1 toge!r ) brief m5tion ( ! date :51 & ! place :]e1 x 0 tak52 & any obs]vations relat+ to x :i* c be compris$ 9 a few words1 & may seem to ! collector ( suffici5t int]e/ to w>rant _! ins]tion4 ,?is w\ld be a good beg9n+2 by & by1 :5 ! collection is l>ge1 ! k m ample1 & ! outlay c be sp>$1 x w be "t to ?9k ( some?+ ornam5tal--mahogany & glass1 & c>v$ or inlaid "w1 su* a ,cab9et z w\ld prop]ly display & enhance ! beauties ( y\r te/ace\s treasures1 :i* are too (t5 /[$ away1 ) o!r natural curiosities1 9 a v disord]ly1 higgl$y-piggl$y sort ( mann]1 l ! collection describ$ by ,dryd54 8,he furni%es 8 closet fir/1 & fills ,! cr[d$ %elves ) r>ities ( %ells2 ,adds ori5t pe>ls1 :i* f ! wave he drew1 ,& all ! sp>kl+ /ones ( v>i\s hue40 ,:5 live %ells1 z !y are call$1 t is hav+ ! liv+ fi% 9 !m1 are obta9$1 ! be/ plan is to place !m 9 spirits ( w9e1 ?is at once deprives ! inhabitant ( life1 )\t injur+ ! %ell1 :i* %\ld !n be plac$ 9 hot wat] = a "t1 ! body ( ! mollusk is ?us r5d]$ firm1 & may be remov$ by means ( "s po9t$ in/rum5t2 c>e %\ld be tak5 to leave no portion ( animal matt] )91 or aft] a :ile x w become putrid & give out a /a91 :i* w %[ ?r\gh & injure ! delicate m>k+s ( ! %ell2 ! sure/1 mo/ exp$iti\s1 & lea/ tr\blesome mode ( cleans+ a %ell1 is to place x 9 an ant heap = a day or two2 ! busy little insects w p5etrate into its inmo/ cavities1 & remove h5ce all (f5d+ matt]4 ,!re w be no difficulty 9 ?is respect ) ! multivalve & bivalve k9ds1 :i* are only kept clos$ by means ( a set ( muscles1 :i* c be tight5$ or relax$ at ! pleasure ( ! animal )91 & become p[]less to keep ! %ell clos$ z soon z t is dead4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 to pres]ve unbrok5 ! small] p>ts ( ^! %ells1 su* z ! h+es or tee?1 z on ! /ructure ( ^! ! sci5tific arrangem5t into g5]a *iefly dep5ds2 ! be>d also1 z x is call$1 & silky ?reads1 mu/ n be remov$1 z ^! h mu* to d 9 det]m9+ ! p>ticul> species4 ,riv] & l& %ells are g5]ally v ?9 & brittle1 & mu/ be c>efully h&l$2 _! col\rs are n usually s brilliant z ^? ( ! m>9e species1 b !y =m l9ks 9 ! te/ace\s *a91 :i* are necess>y to a prop] /udy & elucidation ( con*ology4 ,! mo/ gl[+ & gorge\s ( all %ells are ^? br\ght f ! ,tropical seas1 &1 except+ 9 a few r>e in/ances1 specim5s ( mo/ ( ^! c be obta9$ at little co/ f any deal]1 or f sailors return+ f a voyage4 ,if x is necess>y to s5d ei!r ^?1 or ,briti% %ells1 any di/ance1 or to pack !m away 9 a small compass1 ! be/ plan is to wrap !m sep>ately 9 s(t pap]1 place !m 9 a box1 & !n p\r 9 sawdu/1 bran1 or f9e s&1 v dry1 until all ! op5 spaces are completely fill$ up4 ,,on ,,clean+ ,,& ,,poli%+ ,,%ells4 ,all %ells1 :e!r inhabit$ or n1 :5 tak5 %\ld be soak$ = a :ile 9 hot wat]1 to remove ! dirt :i* may adh]e to !m1 & dissolve ! sal9e1 t is salt1 p>ticles conta9$ 9 ! sea wat]2 !y %\ld !n be ?or\ghly dri$1 & if1 z is ! case ) _m1 !y naturally possess a good poli%1 !y are at once fit = ! cab9et4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 x happ5s t :5 %ells are dry1 !y lose mu* ( ! peculi> brilliancy ( hue1 :i* !y possess :5 se5 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! gli/5+ wat]2 to re/ore ?is1 wa% !m ov] ) a ?9 solution ( gum arabic1 or :ite ( egg2 "s collectors use a v>ni% made ( gum ma/ic1 dissolv$ 9 spirits ( w9e2 ?is is p]haps pref]able1 z x is n affect$ by moi/ure4 ,_m %ells h a v pla91 dull1 appe>ance1 9 consequ5ce ( be+ cov]$ ov] ) a k9d ( sk9 call$ an epid]mis1 a ^w d]iv$ f ! ,greek1 & signify+ ! out] sk91 sometimes call$ ! cuticle4 ,to remove ?is1 soak ! %ell 9 w>m wat] = "s "t1 & !n rub x ov] ) a /iff bru% until ! cov]+ is remov$2 %\ld ?is be v ?ick1 x w be necess>y to mix a little nitric acid ) ! wat]1 b ?is mu/ be done v cauti\sly1 = if too /rong x w remove all ! lu/re f ! surface ( ! %ell subject$ to its influ5ce4 ,sometimes ! file1 & a sub/ance call$ pumice /one has to be us$1 b ^! are dang]\s ag5ts 9 inexp]i5c$ h&s4 ,! be/ poli% = ! %ell aft] ! sk9 is remov$1 is a r$ e>? call$ tripoli1 appli$ on a piece ( s(t lea!r4 ,,fossil ,,%ells4 ,an em95t ,geologi/1 nam$ ,dr4 ,mantell1 has v beautifully & poetically t]m$ rocks 8,! ,m$als ( ,creation40 ,z on co9s & m$als we see /amp$ endur+ records ( great hi/orical ev5ts1 s ^u ! rocks are writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god1 a hi/ory ( "s ( ! mighty *anges :i* ! e>? has und]gone1 & fossil %ells are among ! pla9e/ & mo/ easily read ( ! *>act]s or lett]s1 9 :i* ^! tru?s are writt54 ,z ,dr4 ,h>vey1 9 8 8,sea-side ,book10 obs]ves1 8,%elly-coat$ mollusca h exi/$ 9 ! wat]s ( ! sea & 9 riv]s1 f a v e>ly p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory1 & h left 9 its mo/ /ratifi$ rocks & gravels abundance ( _! %ells pres]v$ 9 a m p]fect mann] ?an ! rema9s ( mo/ o!r animals4 ,n[ z ! species 9 ! e>ly rocks diff] f ^? f\nd 9 lat] =mations1 q z mu* z ! latt] f ! mollusca ( our mod]n seas1 ! gradual *ange 9 ! "* ( ! emb$d$ %ells m>ks a c]ta9 int]val ( "t 9 ! _w's hi/ory40 ,s we see t ^! rocks are ! leaves ( a great book1 writt5 all ov] ) wond]ful tru?s1 & ^? :o /udy su* sci5ces z ,geology & ,con*ology1 are enabl$ to read mu* t is !re writt54 ,e fossil %ell t su* a /ud5t picks out ( ! *alk1 or lime/one1 is l a lett] 9 ! ,alphabet ( ,creation2 x has a significance1 or mean+1 & a numb] ( su* put toge!r1 =m z x 71 words & s5t5ces1 t c be made up into *apt]s1 full ( in/ruction1 aye1 & ( amusem5t too4 ,! /udy may seem a little dry at fir/1 b nev] m9d1 g on1 & y w soon be rew>d$ = y\r dilig5ce1 by ! wond]s t w unfold !mselves to y\r und]/&+--! fre% & delightful views :i* y w obta9 into ! wide univ]se1 ! new & enl>g$ ideas ( ! wisdom & goodness ( ! ,creator1 & ( ! =mation1 habits1 & connexion ea* ) ea* ( 8 v>i\s creatures4 ,prop]ly to treat ( fossil %ells1 w\ld require a book ( itself1 & a l>ge book too2 we c "h b allude to ! subject1 z a "p1 & a v important & int]e/+ "p ( ! /udy ( ,con*ology2 m w be said ab\t x 9 a volume :i* we purpose writ+ = ?is s]ies1 on ,rocks1 & ! petrifi$ organic rema9s f\nd 9 & ab\t !m4 8,^? relics ( an old] _w1 :i* tell ,( *anges sl[ or sudd51 t h pa/ ,ov] ! face ( nature2 fossil %ell1 ,%>k's too?1 & bone ( mega!ran va/1 ,turn$ into /one1 & s pres]v$ to %[ ,man ( ^? ?+s :]e( he ought to "k40 ,,beautiful ,,%ells4 ,,univalves4 ,ga/]opoda is a "n giv5 by "s naturali/s to a v ext5sive gr\p ( mollusc\s animals2 ! t]m is d]iv$ f two ,greek words1 signify+ /oma* & foot2--x has ref]5ce to ! k9d ( fle%y foot :i* g5]ally occupies ! :ole "u side ( ! body1 & by ! contraction & ext5sion ( ! muscles ( :i*1 ! creature is enabl$ to glide1 ) a sl[ b /eady motion1 f place to place4 ,! ,slug & ! ,snail are ! commone/ examples :i* c be adduc$ ( ga/]opods2 & "o may tell by _! slimy tracks1 %9+ l silv] 9 ! morn+ sun%9e1 t dur+ ! night1 :i* is _! pr9cipal fe$+ "t1 !y manage to get ov] a consid]able ext5t ( gr\nd1 al?\gh 8a snail's gallop0 is a prov]bial expression = sl[ motion2 b x is a/oni%+ h[ mu* "w ( any k9d may be done if "o 8keeps at x20 by do+ ?is ! ,tortoise beat ! ,h>e1 illu/rat+ ! tru? ( ! prov]b1 t 8sl[ & sure w9s ! race40 ,if y wat* a ,snail travell+ ) its h\se ^u its back1 x does n seem to make mu* way1 & y are incl9$ to ?9k t x w be long ere x rea*es ! new settlem5t to :i* x appe>s j\rney+ ) bag & baggage2 b leave ! spot = a :ile1 & ! *ances are t on y\r return1 ! 8sl[ coa*0 w h got some:]e out ( sight4 ,"h is a lesson = boys & girls2 :atev] y take 9 h&1 don't be 9 a hurry1 & if p say y are 8sl[10 ?9k ( ! snail1 & keep on6 ,illu/ration ,?is1 !n1 is a %ell$ mollusk ( ! ?ird class1 call$ ,ga/]opoda1 accord+ to ! sy/em ( ! ,fr5* naturali/ ,cuvi]4 ,x has a di/9ct head1 :i*1 l ! h9d] "p ( ! body1 :i* we may call a tail if we l1 projects1 :5 ! creature is 9 motion1 consid]ably f ! %ell2 x is also furni%$ ) :at we commonly call horns1 naturali/s say t5tacles1 f ! ,lat9 t5to--try+1 or essay+2 ) ^! ! creature1 z x 71 feels its way2 be+ extremely s5sitive2 !y answ] ! purpose ( organs bo? ( sight & t\*2 put y\r f+] sl[ly t[>ds "o ( !m1 & y w obs]ve t1 ev5 be=e contact1 x beg9s to retract1 or draw 91 z ?\gh s5sible ( ! approa* ( "s oppos+ body1 z x no d\bt is4 ,^! horns ( ! snail1 !n1 are its feel]s--eyes to ! bl9d1 f+]s to ! f+]less2 s ,god provides = 8 creatures all t may be necess>y = _! exi/5ce1 & comp5sates = ! deprivation ( "o s5se or organ1 by "s admirable contrivance :i* meets ! necessities ( ! case4#a #a ,x appe>s likely t ! little knobs at ! end ( ! snail's feel]s1 are1 z "s naturali/s ass]t1 9 reality eyes2 if s1 we 7 wrong 9 call+ ! creature bl9d4 ,yet is _! position & con/ruction s diff]5t f organs ( sight g5]ally1 t !y s]ve r to /r5g!n ?an invalidate ! above obs]vations4 ,! numb] ( ! horns v>ies 9 diff]5t k9ds ( snails f two to six1 & "s h none at all4 ,^! t5tacles1 :5 pres5t1 are always situat$ above ! m\?2 "s ( !m h ! knobs at ! base1 o!rs at ! sides2 & x has be5 conjectur$ t !y may be organs ( smell1 z well z ( sight & t\*4 ,,! ,,common ,,snail ,is call$ by naturali/s ,helix asp]sa1 ! g5]ic "n be+ d]iv$ f a ,greek ^w signify+ spiral1 & hav+ ref]5ce to ! %ape ( ! %ell2 ! plural is ,helices1 a t]m appli$ to all convolut$ or twi/$ %ells1 :i* t]m9ate 9 a po9t l a *ur* spire3 a spiral-%ell$ fossil is call$ a helicate4 ,! specific "n comes f ! ,lat9 asp]--r\gh1 :5ce also our ,engli% ^w asp]ity--r\ghness1 & sev]al o!rs4 ,! ,helicid1 or ,helix family1 is t :i* includes ! l& %ell ,snails & ! nak$ ,slugs1 & 9 ?is family !re are sev]al g5]a2 !y are di/+ui%$ f ! %ell$ wat] ,snails1 bo? sea & riv]1 by hav+ a diff]5t brea?+ app>atus1 & "s o!r po9ts ( int]nal con/ruction :i* x is n necess>y to describe "h4 ,! ,common ,snail has a m\?1 ( :i* x makes good use1 z m>ket g>d5]s well "k1 & yet ?is m\? is n furni%$ ) tee?2 in/ead ( ^!1 ! upp] lip1 :i* is ( a horny texture1 is :at is call$ d5tat$1 f ! ,lat9 d5tus--a too?1 t is1 divid$ or sep>at$1 s z to pres5t some:at ! appe>ance ( a r[ ( tee? 9 ! jaw2 ?is lip is ( an ar*$ =m1 & appe>s to be a v s]viceable k9d ( in/rum5t to ,mr4 ,helix asp]sa1 :o1 if 8 "* be n asp]s$1 is v de/ructive to all sorts ( gre5]y4 ,! l[] lip is divid$ only 9 ! middle1 :]e !re is an op5+ ( "s wid?3 x is n horny1 l ! upp] "o4 ,snails lay eggs1 :i* are ab\t ! size ( v small peas2 !y are s(t1 & ( a :iti% col\r4 ,be+ semi1 t is1 half1 transp>5t1 or cle>1 _! cont5ts c be p>tly se52 & 9 ^? ( a wat] ,snail1 deposit$ aga9/ ! side ( a glass bottle1 ! "y 7 detect$ ) p>tially =m$ %ells ^u _! backs4 ,to %ew h[ t5aci\s !y are ( life1 x has be5 m5tion$ t ,mr4 ,s4 ,simon1 a ,dubl9 m]*ant1 _h a collection ( fossils & o!r curiosities left him by 8 fa!r2 among ^! 7 "s %ells ( ,snails1 & fifte5 ye>s aft] ! collection came into 8 possession1 8 son _h ! %ells to play )1 & plac$ !m 9 a bas9 ( wat]1 :5 lo6 out came ! slimy bodies & knobb$ horns ( sev]al ( ! ,ga/]opods1 no d\bt hungry en\gh aft] _! long sleep4 ,we all "k t our ,common ,snails hyb]nate1 or sleep ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,z soon z ! *ills ( autumn are felt1 !y seek out "s snug crevice 9 an old wall1 or burr[ 9 ! e>?1 or congregate b5ea? g>d5 pots1 roots ( trees1 ?at*$ ro(s1 or 9 any hole or corn] t may be conv5i5t1 & !n ?r[+ a k9d ( tempor>y sk91 l a drum head1 :i* naturali/s call op]culum1 ov] ! op5+ ( _! %ells1 & /ick+ !mselves fa/ to ! sides ( _! refuge1 or to ea* o!r1 !y sleep away1 c>eless ( fro/s & tempe/s4 ,a moi/ & r w>m /ate ( ! atmosph]e seems mo/ cong5ial to ! l& ,snails1 "s species ( :i* are f\nd 9 all c\ntries1 except ^? :]e ! mo/ int5se cold prevails4 ,g5]ally speak+1 !y d n l dry heat1 & to escape f x w get "u /ones1 & into o!r cool places1 f :5ce a %[] br+s !m =? 9 su* numb]s1 ! small] species especially1 z to lead to ! popul> belief t x sometimes ra9s ,snails4 ,^! ,ga/]opods1 al?\gh extremely injuri\s to vegetation1 mu/ n be reg>d$ z worse ?an useless1 z !y commonly are2 besides furni%+ food = sev]al wild1 z well z dome/icat$1 birds1 !y are no d\bt a n\ri%+ article ( diet = man4 ,! ,romans _h _! co*le>ia1 :]e ,snails 7 regul>ly f$ & fatt5$ = ! table2 & ! ,fr5* at ! pres5t day _! esc>gotoires1 or ,snail]y1 = ! same purpose2 "s ( ! ,snails s kept1 atta9 an imm5se size1 z well !y may if f$1 z by ! ,romans1 on new w9e & meal4 ,_m poor p]sons1 especially ^? :o are consumptive1 might no d\bt d]ive mu* *eap su/5ance & b5efit f us+ ! l>g] species ( ,helicid1 :i* might be collect$ f h$ges & g>d5s z food4 ,:y %\ld !y n eat ^? z well z ! m>9e mollusks1 su* z ,oy/]s1 ,cockles1 ,:elks1 etc4 ,snails h an extraord9>y p[] ( re-produc+ any "p :i* may be injur$ or cut (f1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( ! :ole head1 z has be5 obs]v$ to be ! case2 ! rep>ation ( injury done to ! %ell !y c effect easily1 z c all te/ace\s mollusks4 ,respect+ ! con/ruction ( ! %ell x may be obs]v$ t x is produc$ 9 ! ?ickness ( ! mantle1 or cloak-l cov]+ :i* envelopes ! body ( ! animal2 ! =mation comm5ces at ! small end or spire1 & gradually goes on1 :orl ^u :orl1 z ! /ill wid5+ circles :i* give ! ridgy appe>ance to mo/ univalves1 are call$4 ,columella1 or pill>1 is ! "n giv5 to ! spire on :i* ! cones are roll$2 ?is is sometimes solid1 & sometimes holl[2 :5 ! latt]1 ! op5 end is call$ ! ,umbilicus1 mean+ ! navel or c5tre4 ,! op5+ at ! bottom1 f :i* ! animal issues1 is ! la/ portion f9i%$1 & ?is is call$ ! ap]ture1 a ,lat9 ^w adopt$ into ! ,engli% diction>y4 ,"s ( ^! ,helices are wide & flat1 ev5 holl[ & cup-l1 ) ! :orls ris+ above ! pill>--^! are call$ discoid %ells2 o!rs :i* are long & n>r[1 ) project+ spires1 are t]m$ turb9at$ %ells2 ! =m] be+ m or less flat or disk-l1 ! latt] twi/$1 :irl+1 l a sp9n+-top1 f ! ,lat9 turbo--a :irl+1 a turn+ r\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,discoid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,turb9at$4 ,if we take a ,common ,snail1 & plunge x into boil+ wat]1 :i* w in/antly kill x1 s t x c be remov$ f ! %ell1 we %all f9d ! :ole ( t "p ( ! body :i* 0 lodg$ 9 ! upp] :orls1 or spiral "p ( ! %ell1 is cov]$ ) a ?9 membrane or sk92 ?is is call$ ! mantle1 & t portion ( x :i* corresponds ) :at we may consid] z ! back ( ! mollusk1 & :i* is consid]ably ?ick5$1 is t]m$ ! coll>2 "h are situat$ ! gl&s1 :i* secrete ! col\r+ & o!r matt] ( :i* ! %ell is ma9ly compos$2 al?\gh ! sub/ance call$ nacre1 or "m-(-pe>l1 is secret$ 9 ! ?9n] "p ( ! mantle2 x is h[ev] f ! coll> t ! gr[? or increase ( ! %ell proce$s4 ,x is 9 accordance ) c]ta9 v>iations 9 ! %ape & disposition ( ?is mantle & coll>1 t %ells assume su* v diff]5t %apes4 ,sometimes ! :orls or spiral ridges1 are project$ or ?r[n f> out1 & ?is produces ! turb9at$ %ell4 ,sometimes !y sc>cely rise above ea* o!r1 b r spread t[>ds ! sides1 & !n we h ! discoid %ape4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! :orls ( a %ell take a direction f left to "r1 b occasionally an opposite "o2 !y are !n call$ s9i/ral1 or left-h&$ %ells3 su* are n common4 ,if "o ( ! twi/$ %ells be divid$ l5g?-ways1 x w be se5 t ! inside ( ! :orls w9d 9 an asc5d+ direction1 r\nd ! ,columella1 or c5tral column1 z ! spiral /aircases 9 ! ,cry/al ,palace4 ,b let u return to our ,g>d5 ,snail1 :o has _m ne> relatives 9 ,brita91 sev]al ( :i* h beautifully-m>k$ & convolut$ %ells1 z w be se5 by a ref]5ce to our col\r$ illu/rations1 ,plate ,i4 ,we w introduce !m 9 due ord]4 ,fig4 #a1 ! ,b&$ ,snail1 7,helix nemoralis17 f ! ,lat9 nemus--a wood or grove2 ! prettily-/rip$ %ells ( ?is species may be f\nd 9 great pl5ty among ! roots & 9 ! crevices ( ! rugg$ boles ( old =e/ trees1 z well z 9 h$ge-r[s & 9 mossy banks1 & o!r situations ne> woods4 ,fig4 #b1 ! ,hea? ,snail1 7,h4 ericetorum17 f erica1 ! ,lat9 = hea?2 a small species ) br[n b&s1 rem>kable = its l>ge umbilicus1 p]=at+ ! c5tre ( ! %ell ne>ly ?r\gh4 ,fig4 #c1 ! ,silky ,snail1 7,h4 s]icea17 f ! ,lat9 s]icus--silk-l2 ! %ell ( ?is species is cov]$ ) %ort slimy hairs1 :i* give x a gli/5+ appe>ance4 ,fig4 #d1 ! ,/one ,snail1 7,h4 lapicida17 f ! ,lat9 lapis--a /one3 ,l9nu call$ ! species ! ,/one ,cutt]1 probably on acc\nt ( its habit ( frequ5t+ /ony places1 & ! peculi> con/ruction ( ! %ell1 :i* has a %>p edge runn+ r\nd ea* :orl2 x is commonly f\nd lodg$ 9 ! cavities ( loose-ly+ /ones1 b :i* x c sc>cely be suspect$ ( hav+ holl[$ out = its own accommodation4 ,fig4 #e1 ! ,elegant ,cyclo/ome1 7,cyclo/oma elegans47 ,on turn+ to ! diction>y1 we f9d t cyclo/om\s means hav+ a circul> m\?4 ,?is species is sometimes call$ ,turbo elegans2 ! beautifully-m>k$ %ells are (t5 f\nd 9 *alk-hills cov]$ ) bru%wood4 ,?is pretty mollusk has a curi\s mode ( travell+2 ! "u surface ( ! foot1 :i* is long1 is divid$ by a deep fissure1 into two n>r[ /rips1 l ribbons2 ^! take hold ( :atev] ! creature may be mov+ on alt]nately2 "o keep+ fa/ hold :ile ! o!r advances1 9 l mann] to fix itself1 & drag ! body =w>d4 ,fig4 #f1 ! ,undulat$ ,pleko*eilos1 7,p4 undulatus27 ! ,lat9 plecto--to twi/ or tw9e1 seems to be ! root f :i* ! g5]ic "n ( ?is ,snail is d]iv$2 ! specific "n w be easily und]/ood2 to undulate1 is to fl[ l waves1 & ! l9es on ! %ell x w be se5 are undulat+4 ,?is is n a ,briti% species1 b is introduc$ "h to give v>iety to ! gr\p2 x is a ,we/ ,indian ,mollusk1 & is f\nd 9 imm5se numb]s 9 ! =e/s ( ,/4 ,v9c5t2 x glues its eggs to ! leaves ( a plant :i* holds wat]1 & ?us secures = !m a damp atmosph]e at all times4 ,& "h we mu/ conclude our *apt] ( ,l& ,snails1 leav+ unnotic$ v _m beautiful & int]e/+ species1 bo? ,briti% & ,=eign4 ,_m poets h allud$ to ! ,snail1 b we c only f9d room = a few v]ses by ,c[p]3-- ,to grass1 or leaf1 or fruit1 or wall1 ,! snail /icks close1 nor fe>s to fall1 ,z if he grew !re1 h\se & all ,toge!r4 ,)9 t h\se secure he hides1 ,:5 dang] imm95t betides ,( /orm1 or o!r h>m besides1 ,( wea!r4 ,give b 8 horns ! slighte/ t\*1 ,8 self-collect+ p[] is su*1 ,he %r9ks into 8 h\se ) mu* ,displeasure4 ,:]e'er he dwells1 he dwells alone1 ,except himself has *attels none1 ,well satisfi$ to be 8 own ,:ole treasure4 ,?us h]mit-l1 8 life he leads1 ,nor p>tn] ( 8 banquet ne$s1 ,& if he meets "o only fe$s ,! fa/]4 ,:o seeks him mu/ be worse ?an bl9d1 7,he & 8 h\se are s comb9'd17 ,if1 f9d+ x1 he fails to f9d ,its ma/]4 ,,fre%-,,wat] ,,%ells4 ,_m ( ! foll[+ gr\p ( ,fre%-wat] ,%ells1 are rem>kable = elegance ( =m1 & "s = ri*ness ( col\r+2 h5ce1 p]haps1 ! sci5tific "n appli$ to ! family 9 :i* !y are mo/ly includ$--,limnid1 :i*1 l limn--to pa9t1 agrees ) ! ,fr5* enlum9]4 ,^! mollusks are f\nd 9 riv]s1 /reams1 dit*es1 & moi/ m>%y places4 ,l ^? :i* live :olly on l&1 !y brea! ?r\gh lungs1 & !re=e _c exi/ )\t air2 :i* acc\nts = _! frequ5tly com+ to ! surface1 :5 "u wat]4 ,9 brooks1 z well z 9 /agnant pools1 :i* ab\nd ) aquatic plants1 !y may be f\nd 9 va/ numb]s1 fe$+ ^u ! moi/ vegetation4 ,illu/ration ,! ,common ,limnea1 7,l4 /agnalis17 is mo/ly an inhabitant ( /agnant wat]s1 :]e x is (t5 se5 float+ ) ! %ell rev]s$1 z 9 a boat2 ?is %ell1 l mo/ ( ^? ( ! ,fre%-wat] ,mollusks1 is ?91 & easily brok52 ! %ape x w be se51 is peculi>ly elegant1 ! spire be+ sl5d] & po9t$--v diff]5t f t ( ! ,spread+ ,limnea1 call$ by naturali/s1 ,l4 auricul>ia1 f aurus--! e>1 to :i* ! broad ap]ture1 or op5+ ( ! %ell1 may be comp>$2 ?is resembles ! o!r species 9 its habits4 ,! ,horny ,planorbis1 9 ,lat9 ,p4 corneus1 f cornu--a horn4 ,! %ape1 y w see1 is flat1 ! :orls roll+ ^u ea* o!r l ! folds ( a bugle horn2 ?is %ape w\ld be t]m$ orbicul>1 f orbis--a sph]e1 or circul> body4 ,?is is ! l>ge/ ,european species ( ,fre%-wat] ,%ells s con/ruct$2 x is (t5 f\nd 9 deep cle> dit*es1 & yields a beautiful purple dye1 :i*1 h[ev]1 soon becomes dull1 & *anges2 x _c be fix$1 & is !re=e valueless4 ,! m\? ( ?is %ell 9 f9e specim5s1 is t+$ ) pale violet or lilac4 ,illu/ration ,!re is ano!r k9d1 ! ,keel$ ,planorbis1 7,p4 lur9atus17 :i* has ! out] edge ( ! %ell f9ely ridg$1 or keel$2 x is v small1 & v pl5tiful 9 fre%-wat]1 bo? runn+ & /agnant2 :]e1 too1 is f\nd ! ,common ,physa1 7,p4 font9alis17 ! latt] ^w mean+ a spr+ or f\nta94 ,?is little mollusk is a quick & active travell]1 x sometimes comes out ( its %ell1 & ?r[s itself ab\t 9 an extraord9>y way1 keep+ fa/ hold by its foot2 ! g5]ic "n1 ,physa1 w\ld seem to h ref]5ce to ! r\nd1 smoo?1 delicate %ell1 & to come f ! same root z ,physalite1 :i* means a topaz3 ! memb]s ( ?is g5us are v num]\s1 be+ f\nd ne>ly all ov] ! globe4 ,! next belongs to ! family ,auriculad1 or ,e> ,%ells4 ,! ,midas' ,e>1 7,a4 ,mid27 ?is h&some %ell is priz$ by collectors2 x comes f ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,midas1 x is said1 0 "o :o set himself up = a judge ( music 9 ! old fabul\s times1 & n appreciat+ t ( ,apollo1 0 rew>d$ by ! angry god ) a pair ( ass's e>s4 ,illu/ration ,! ,cone-%ap$ ,melampus1 7,m4 corni=mis17 also an ,e> ,%ell1 is f\nd 9 ! riv]s ( ! ,antilles ,isl&s4 ,x is a pretty %ell2 ! =mation is mu* ! same z t ( _m ( ! mo/ highly-priz$ v>ieties ( ,m>9e ,%ells2 ( ^! we %all h to speak pres5tly4 ,melampodium 9 ,lat91 signifies a poison\s plant call$ ,black ,helebore2 9 ! ,my?ology1 ,melampus 0 a great magician1 :o did all sorts ( wond]ful ?+s2 b we _c tell :at relation !re exi/s betwe5 ei!r ! plant or ! magician & ?is pretty cone %ell4 ,to give v>iety to ?is gr\p1 we w n[ ?r[ 9 a l& species call$ ,megaspira ,rus*5b]giana1 ab\t ! orig9 ( ^: "n we _c ev5 haz>d a guess2 ! t]m9ation ( ! g5]ic "n1 y w see is spira1 & a glance at ! %ell w at once sugge/ a reason = ?is2 its long tap]+ spire consi/s ( tw5ty-?ree closely-set gradually increas+ :orls4 ,?is is a r>e %ell1 ^: inhabitant has n yet be5 describ$ by naturali/s2 sev]al ( ! m>9e species closely resemble x 9 %ape4 ,mu* m might be said ab\t ! ,l& & ,fre%-wat] ,%ells1 b we mu/ "h leave !m1 hav+ a wide field be=e u1 namely1 ! ,sea or ,m>9e ,te/acea1 "o ( ! mo/ common ( :i* is ,illu/ration ,,! ,,:elk1 ,a univalve %ell inhabit$ by a ga/]opod mollusk1 or1 we %\ld r say1 naturally s t5ant$1 = v frequ5tly x is tak5 possession ( by ! ,soldi] or ,h]mit ,crab1 :i* hav+ no h>d cov]+ to protect _! s(t plump bodies1 are oblig$ to take lodg+s :]e !y c get !m1 & g5]ally pref] ! ,:elk %ell1 ( :i* we "h give a figure4 ,illu/ration ,?is is "o ( ! commone/ ( our ,m>9e ,mollusks2 x is call$ by naturali/s ,bucc9um undatum2 ! fir/1 or g5]ic t]m1 be+ ! ,lat9 = a trumpet1 & ! second1 or specific "n1 mean+ wav$1 or1 z we (t5 say1 undulat$4 ,s we call ?is ! ,wav$ ,:elk2 fi%]m5 t]m x ! ,con*1 or ! ,buckie1 & tell /range /ories ( its rav5\s appetite & murd]\s prop5sities2 h[1 ) its sp9y tongue1 situat$ at ! end ( a long flexible proboscis or trunk1 x drills a hole 9 ! %ell ( ! ,oy/]1 or o!r te/acean1 & sucks out ! cont5ts2 empty %ells1 s drill$1 are frequ5tly f\nd on ! %ore1 & (t51 :5 ! dr$ge is let d[n into an oy/] b$1 x comes up "t aft] "t fill$ ) ,:elks1 ( :i* su* numb]s are sometimes tak51 t !y are sold to ! f>m]s to be us$ z manure = ! soil4 ,?is mollusk is a fav\rite article ( food ) ! poor] classes ( our l&1 b x is h>d & indige/ible4 ,! %ell may frequ5tly be f\nd 9 l>ge numb]s among ! bea* /ones2 x is /rong & firm1 f ?ree to f\r in*es long1 ( a dirty yell[i% :ite4 ,!re are two o!r ,:elks common ^u our coa/s--! ,/one or ,dog ,:elk1 7,b4 lapillus17 f ! ,lat9 lapis--a /one1 & ,b4 reticulatum1 s call$ because ! %ell is reticulat$1 or m>k$ ) _m l9es cross+ ea* o!r1 l net-"w2 x comes f ! ,lat9 reticulum--a net2 h5ce also we h reticule--a small "w bag1 at "o "t v mu* c>ri$ by ladies4 ,,rock ,,%ells1 ,are s call$ on acc\nt ( _! r\gh & wr9kl$ =ms2 !y are ne>ly alli$ to ! ,:elks1 to :i* !y be> a close resemblance4 ,sev]al species are f\nd on our %ores1 ! mo/ common be+ ! ,humble ,murex1 7,m4 despectus17 f ! ,lat9 despecto--to despise2 ?is is (t5 us$ by ! fi%]m5 = bait4 ,"s ( ! =eign ,rock ,%ells are v curi\s & beautiful2 ?ree ( !m w be f\nd on ,plate ,,ii4--,figs4 #a1 #b1 & #c4 ,! ,common ,?orny ,woodcock1 7,m4 tribulus17 f ! ,fr5* = tr\ble1 :5ce we h also tribulation1 :i* is sometimes said to be a ?orny pa?4 ,?is curi\s %ell is also call$ ,v5us' ,comb4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! ,indian ,ocean1 f :5ce x is also br\ght4 ,fig4 #b1 ! ,woodcock's ,head1 7,m4 hau/ellum17 f ! ,lat9 hau/us--a draught2 ! bill ( ! ,woodcock be+ adapt$ = suck+4 ,?is t]m is also appli$ to insects t live by suction4 ,! %ell1 x w be se51 is de/itute ( sp9es1 b x is ribb$ & beautifully m>k$4 ,fig4 #c is wor?y ( its "n--! ,royal ,murex1 7,m4 regius17 f regno--to reign4 ,x is a spl5did species1 ( ! ri* col\r+ ( :i*1 art c give b a fa9t impression4 ,x is br\ght f ! we/]n coa/ ( ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e1 z well z 9 ! isl&s ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 _m new %ells ( ! g5us ,murex h be5 discov]$4 ,illu/ration ,"o %ell f\nd on our own coa/1 (t5 mi/ak5 = a ,:elk1 is ! ,pelican's-foot ,/rombus1 call$ 9 sci5tific language1 ,/rombus pes-pelicanus1 :i* is b a ,lat9iz$ =m ( ! ,engli% "n4 ,?is %ell v>ies greatly 9 %ape 9 diff]5t /ages ( its gr[?1 & by an inexp]i5c$ con*ologi/1 ! "y1 middle-ag$1 & old ,/rombus1 might be tak5 = di/9ct species4 ,9 ! ,/rombid family1 s call$ we "k n :y1 ! same ^w 9 ,lat9 mean+ a k9d ( %ell-fi%1 are "s species :i* h produc$ pe>ls4 ,"o memb] ( ! family :i* we sometimes see 9 collections1 is a l>ge & v beautiful %ell2 ?is is ! ,broad-w+$ ,/rombus1 7,s4 latissimus17 probably f latesco--to wax or gr[ broad1 or l>ge2 issimus be+ 9 ! sup]lative degree1 w\ld indicate t ?is %ell 0 v mu* s1 z we f9d x is1 sometimes measur+ z mu* z twelve in*es across4 ,9 ,plate ,,ii1 is a repres5tation ( ?is h&some %ell1 greatly r$uc$ 9 size1 ( c\rse3 see ,fig4 #d4 ,we "h give a figure1 z m curi\s ?an beautiful1 ( ! ,scorpion ,pt]oc]as1 7,p4 scorpius17 :i* also belongs to ! ,/rombid family2 z does ! curi\s ,*9ese ,sp9dle1 7,ro/ell>ia rectiro/ris47 ,! g5]ic "n ( ! fir/ ( ^! species1 comes f ! ,greek ,pt]o1 pron\nc$ t]o1 mean+ a w+1 & c]us--wax54 ,bo? ! g5]ic & specific names ( ! second ref] to ! peculi> con=mation ( ! %ell1 be+ d]iv$ f ! ,lat91 & mean+ a /raight l9e or beak4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*9ese ,,sp9dle4 ,on ,plate ,,iii1 w be f\nd ! ,imbricat$ ,purpurea1 7,p4 imbricata17 ,fig4 #a1 :i* claims a close alliance ) ! ,:elks4 ,! g5]ic "n has ref]5ce to ! dye yield$ by ?is1 z well z all ! %ells ( ! g5us2 ! specific "n comes f ! ,lat9 imbrex--! gutt]-tile2 ?us imbricat$1 a t]m (t5 us$ 9 ,natural ,hi/ory1 means ridg$1 l ! ro( ( a h\se1 :]e ! tiles are plac$ to ov]lap ea* o!r1 s t ! ra9 w run (f4 ,! ,p]sian ,purpura1 or1 z x is call$ 9 ,lat91 ,purpura ,p]sica1 ,fig4 #b1 is ano!r h&some %ell ( ?is family gr\p2 its "n indicates ! place :]e x is f\nd4 ,! o!r species describ$ comes f ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ! ,p4 lapillus1 7! mean+ ( ! specific "n has already be5 expla9$17 is common on our %ores1 be+ f\nd 9 great abundance on ! rocks at l[ wait]4 ,we read 9 scripture1 ( ,tyrian purple1 & !re is e reason to suppose t ! ri* col\r 0 obta9$ f ^! & o!r %ell-fi%4 ,,p]iw9kle4 ,illu/ration ,?is is ! commone/ repres5tative :i* we h ( ! family ,turb9id1 :i* compreh5ds1 accord+ to ,cuvi]1 all ! species :i* h ! %ell completely & regul>ly turb9at$1 t is1 if we translate ! ,lat9 ^w into ,engli%1 twi/$4 ,! little ,p]iw9kle1 7"h he is17 is by no means a h&some mollusk1 b "s ( 8 relatives are v beautiful z we %all pres5tly %[4 ,he is call$ by naturali/s ,t4 littoreus1 f littoralis--belong+ to ! %ore1 & (t5 eat5 by boys & girls ) great reli%2 b he is n v dige/ible1 & sometimes occasions dang]\s disord]s4 ,! ,sw$i% peasants believe t :5 ! ,p]iw9kle crawls high ^u ! rocks1 a /orm is brew+ f ! s\?2 b ,l9nu quotes a ,norwegian au?or to %ew t accord+ to popul> belief1 x =etells ! approa* ( a l& w9d ) a calm on %ore4 ,man may le>n mu* ( elem5tal *anges f an obs]vation ( ! movem5ts & habits ( all liv+ creatures1 :i* are in/ruct$ by ,god to provide = _! safety & wants1 & (t5 p]ceive1 long be=e man himself does1 ! indications ( calm & tempe/1 ra9 & dr\ght1 etc4 ,b our little ,turbo1 :at ( him8 w y boil him1 & pick out 8 curl$-up =m ) a p98 or let him g crawl+ ab\t ! rocks1 fe$+ ^u ! delicate e>li] gr[? ( m>9e vegetation8 ,9 ! =m] case1 y w h to reject ! little k9d ( horny scale atta*$ to 8 foot1 :i* =ms1 :5 he retires into 8 habitation1 a closely-fitt+ door to make all snug4 ,sev]al species ( ?is g5us are f\nd on our %ores2 "o ( ^? is ! ,turbo rudis1 or ,r$ ,turbo1 :i* has a v ?ick p]iw9kle-l %ell1 ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* long2 ! col\r is dull r$1 fawn1 or drab4 ,( ! =eign ,turb91 sometimes call$ ,turban ,%ells1 we w n[ introduce two or ?ree species1 :i* w be f\nd on ,plate ,,iii4 ,fig4 #c is ! ,m>bl$ ,turbo1 7,t4 m>moratus17 f ! ,lat9 m>mor--m>ble2 a l>ge h&some %ell well kn[n to con*ologi/s1 & a native ( ! ,indian seas4 ,fig4 #d is ! ,twi/$ ,turbo1 7,t4 torquatus27 ?is %ell1 :5 depriv$ ( its out] coat or lay]1 is beautifully nacre\s1 or if we may s speak1 "m-(-pe>ly4 ,! specim5s :i* h rea*$ ,engl& 7 br\ght f ,k+ ,george's ,s\nd4 ,fig4 #e is call$ ,cook's ,turbo1 7,t4 ,cookii37 ?is is a h&some ,s\? ,sea %ell1 (t5times ( l>ge size4 ,x has be5 f\nd 9 great numb]s on ! coa/ ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,on ,plate ,,iv1 we h plac$ two v curi\sly =m$ & m>k$ %ells1 call$ ,w5tletraps1 also belong+ to ! family ,turb9id4 ,! sci5tific "n is ,scal>ia1 f ! ,lat9 scala--a ladd]1 :i* ! ribb$ %ells are suppos$ to resemble4 ,( ?is g5us !re are ab\t eighty di/9ct species kn[n2 !y are mo/ly deep-sea %ells f\nd 9 w>m latitudes1 al?\gh sev]al inhabit ! ,european seas1 & "o1 ! ,common ,false ,w5tletrap1 7,s4 communis17 ,fig4 #a1 may (t5 be pick$ up on our own %ores4 ,fig4 #b1 ! ,royal ,/aircase ,w5tletrap1 is a r>e & valuable %ell1 g5]ally br\ght f ,india & ,*9a2 ! sci5tific "n is ,s4 pretiosa1 giv5 to x by ! ,fr5* ,naturali/ ,lam>ck1 on acc\nt ( ! high price :i* x fet*$1 pretiose1 9 ,lat91 mean+ co/ly1 valuable4 ,z mu* z #ajj h be5 giv5 = a s+le specim5 ( ?is %ell2 & a f9e "o1 especially if x exce$ two in*es 9 l5g?1 yet comm&s a consid]able sum1 al?\gh n ne>ly s mu* z t4 ,a good deal l ! ,false ,w5tletrap 9 g5]al outl9e1 is ! ,awl-%ap$ ,turritella1 f\nd 9 ! ,african & ,indian ,seas4 ,?is is ! ,t4 t]ebra ( naturali/s2 ! fir/ "n ref]r+ to ! turret %ape common to ! g5us1 & ! la/ be+ ! ,lat9 ^w = an aug]1 or pi]c]4 ,! ,roseate ,turritella1 7,t4 rosea17 is also sometimes se5 9 collections2 ! beautiful rosy t9t ( ! live %ell *anges to a dull r$ or br[n1 on ! dea? ( ! mollusk4 ,,tro*us1 ,,or ,,top-,,%ell4 8,( ! %ell$ ,mollusca :i* ! dr$ge ev] & anon br+s up10 says ,mr4 ,gosse1 9 8 delightful volume on ! ,aqu>ium1 or ,aqua-viv>ium1 z ! glass tank 9 :i* liv+ m>9e animals & vegetables are kept1 is call$1 f ! ,lat9 aqua--wat]1 & vivo--to live1 8! ,tro*i are among ! mo/ conspicu\s = beauty4 ,! *ief glory ( ?is g5us is ! ri*ly-pa9t$ int]nal surface ( _! %ells1 9 :i* !y are n excell$ by any ev5 ( ! true m>g>itif]\s or pe>ly bivalves40 ,( ?is ,tro*id family1 a few ( ! memb]s mu/ be introduc$ to our read]s2 x is r a num]\s "o1 consi/+ ( m ?an "o hundr$ species1 :i* are scatt]$ ne>ly all ov] ! _w1 few seas be+ )\t "s ( !m4 ,!y are f\nd at v>i\s dep?s1 f ne> ! surface to =ty-five fa?oms d[n1 creep+ on rocks1 s&1 masses ( sea-we$1 etc4 ,we w fir/ speak ( ^? f\nd on our own %ores1 ! two commone/1 z well z ! smalle/ ( :i*1 are ! ,grey & ! ,spott$ ,tro*i1 sci5tifically nam$ ,t4 c9]>ius & ,t4 maculata1 ! translation ( ! fir/ ,lat9 specific "n be+ a%y or a%-col\r$1 & t ( ! second1 spott$4 ,tro*us1 9 ! same language signifies a top1 & has ref]5ce to ! %ape ( mo/ ( ^! %ells1 :i* are some?+ l a boy's :ip-top4 ,*ildr5 on ! coa/ sometimes call ! la/-nam$ ( ! above species ,pepp]-&-salt ,%ells1 because 9 col\r !y resemble ! clo? s nam$4 ,! ,muddy-r$ ,tro*us1 7,t4 ziziph9us17 s call$1 p]haps1 because 9 col\r x resembles ! ziziphia1 or fruit ( ! jujube tree1 is also common ) u4 ,?is %ell is ab\t an in* long1 ( a grey t9t da%$ ) d>k spots1 ^! foll[ ! l9e ( ! spiral turn+s1 :i* are v regul>1 proce$+ f ! op5+ bel[ to ! apex or po9t4 ,se5 on %ore1 its col\rs are dull & fa9t1 b b5ea? ! wat]1 inhabit$ by a liv+ mollusk1 x looks z ?\gh made ( pe>l1 & /udd$ ) rubies2 ! animal1 too1 is ri*ly col\r$1 be+ yell[ ) black /ripes4--,see ,plate ,,iv1 ,fig4 #c4 ,n s common z ! la/ is ano!r ,briti% mollusk ( ?is g5us1 call$ ! ,granulat$ ,tro*us1 7,t4 granulatus47 ,x is ! l>g]1 &1 z _m ?9k1 ! m elegant %ell ( ! two1 be+ 9 col\r1 a fa9t fle% t9t or yell[i% :ite1 %ad$ "h & !re ) purple2 ! spiral l9es :i* encircle x are compos$ ( small r\nd knobs :i* /& out l beads4 ,!re is a s+ul> %ell ( ?is g5us1 call$ ! ,c>ri] ,tro*us1 7,t4 phorus27 x is g5]ally f\nd load$ ) =eign objects1 su* z %ells1 small /ones1 bits ( coral1 etc41 :i* x atta*es to itself1 & s goes ab\t l a collector ( natural curiosities1 ) 8 cab9et on 8 back4 ,! ,imp]ial ,tro*us1 7,t4 imp]ialis17 ,fig4 #d1 ^: sci5tific "n expla9s itself1 is "o ( ! h&some/ %ells ( ! g5us2 x is v r>e1 & has hi!rto be5 f\nd only at ,new ,zeal&4 ,let u give our "y read]s a specim5 ( ! way 9 :i* sci5tific writ]s describe %ells2 ?us1 ?is =eign ,tro*us1 !y tell u is 8orbicul>ly conical1 ! apex obtuse1 ! :orls turgidly convex1 squamoso radiate at ! m>g940 ,?is is q a simple affair to "s descriptions1 & simple 9 fact x is to "o1 :o1 by att5tive /udy1 has become famili>iz$ ) ! mean+ ( ! t]ms4 ,to "o also :o is acqua9t$ ) ! ,greek & ,lat9 tongues1 !y w be suffici5tly pla91 al?\gh he has nev] se5 !m appli$ be=e1 = !y are all d]iv$ f ^? dead languages1 z !y are call$1 & s convey _! own mean+ to e educat$ naturali/1 no matt] ( :at nation he may be2 & h5ce _! *ief value4 ,x is n necess>y = our read]s to tr\ble !mselves ab\t ! mean+ ( su* t]ms at pres5t2 by & by x w be necess>y = !m to d s1 if !y wi% to prosecute ! /udy ( any natural sci5ce4 ,b ab\t ! ,imp]ial ,tro*us1 ) its 8orbicul>ly conical0 %ell--t t]m we may expla9 z r\nd & cone-l2 a ref]5ce to ,fig4 #d1 ,plate ,,iv1 w %ew :at is meant by ?is m cle>ly ?an words c1 & likewise exhibit ! beautiful m>k+s ( ?is species1 ) its gr\nd t9t ( ri* violet br[n4 ,?is beauty is (t5 obscur$ by calc>i\s incru/ations1 & m>9e plants1 %ew+ t ! mollusk is sluggi% 9 its habits--a slo?ful creature4 ,s x is ) human be+s1 slo? cov]s & hides ! good qualities & virtues ) an ov]gr[? at all times difficult to remove1 & (t5times de/ructive ( all t is fair & good 9 ! "*4--,*ildr51 be n slo?ful6 ,! ,obelisk ,tro*us1 7,t4 obeliscus17 is a r>e :ite & gre5 %ell1 sometimes se5 9 collections2 x is ( a conico-pyramidal =m1 n rem>kable = beauty1 & is a native ( ! ,indian seas4 ,mr4 ,gosse speaks ( ! ,tops & ,w9kles z among ! mo/ useful inhabitants ( ! ,aqu>ium2 !y m[ d[n ) _! rasp+ tongues ! ?ick gr[? ( ,conf]v :i* w\ld o!rwise spread l a gre5 curta9 ov] ! glass walls ( ! tank1 & ob/ruct ! view ( its inhabitants4 ,"h is ?is au?or's description ( ! beautiful piece ( me*anism by :i* ?is "w is effect$3--8,! appe>ance & position ( ! organ w\ld surprise any "o :o se>*$ = x = ! fir/ "t1 & z x is easily f\nd1 & z ,p]iw9kles are no r>ities1 let me comm5d x to y\r exam9ation4 ,! easie/ mode ( extract+ x1 suppos+ y are look+ = x alone1 is to slit ! ?ick muzzle betwe5 ! two t5tacles1 :5 ! po9t ( a ne$le w cat* & draw out :at looks l a sl5d] :ite ?read1 two in*es or m 9 l5g?1 "o end ( :i* is atta*$ to ! ?roat1 & ! o!r1 :i* is free1 y w see coil$ 9 a beautiful spiral mann]1 )9 ! cavity ( ! /oma*4 ,by all[+ ?is t9y ?read to /ret* itself on a plate ( glass1 :i* is easily done by putt+ a drop ( wat] on x fir/1 :i* may !n be dra9$ (f & dri$1 y w f9d t x is 9 reality an excessively delicate ribbon1 ( transp>5t c>tilag9\s sub/ance or membrane1 on :i* are set sp9\s tee? ( glassy texture & brilliancy4 ,!y are p]fectly regul>1 & arrang$ 9 ?ree r[s1 ( :i* ! middle ones are ?ree-po9t$1 :ile on ea* ( ! out] r[s a ?ree-po9t$ too? alt]nates ) a l>g] curv$ "o1 some:at boat-l 9 =m4 ,all ! tee? project f ! surface ( ! tongue on hook$ curves1 & all po9t 9 ! same direction40 ,& ) ?is curi\s piece ( me*anism ! little ,w9kle works away & cuts d[n swa! aft] swa! ( ! m9ute vegetation1 j z a m[] does ! mead[ grass2 only ! mollusk eats z he goes1 & s gets paym5t = 8 lab\r2 ! man has x 9 ano!r & to him m useful =m4 ,we might tell a v long /ory ab\t ^! ,tops & ,w9kles1 :i* are ne>ly relat$ to ea* o!r1 b mu/ n[ pass on to describe ! re/ ( ! %ells on ,plate ,,iv1 :i* are ! ,p]spective ,sol>ium1 7,s4 p]spectivum17 ,fig4 #e1 ! g5]ic "n comes f sol--! sun1 & view$ p]spectively1 t is1 9 su* a position t ! :ole top ( ! %ell is at once pres5t$ to ! view1 look+ l a flat surface1 x pres5ts a circul> appe>ance1 m>k$ ) r+s & rays l repres5tations ( ! sun sometimes d4 ,! ,v>iegat$ ,sol>ium1 7,s4 v>iegatum17 ,fig4 #f1 is a small b v pretty %ell1 some:at r>e4 ,! mollusk is rem>kable on acc\nt ( ! s+ul> %ape ( its op]culum1 :i* diff]s f t ( all o!r species2 x is ( a cone-%ape1 & cov]$ f top to bottom ) :at are call$ membran\s lamell1 t appe> to /& out l little %elves w9d+ up spirally4 ,?is s+ul> =m ( op]culum has be5 long kn[n to naturali/s1 b x is n until lately t !y h discov]$ to :at species ( te/acean x belong$4 ,let u "h expla9 t op]culus is ! ,lat9 = a cov] or lid4 ,,cones1 ,,volutes1 ,,mitres1 ,,& ,,olives4 ,^! are names giv5 by collectors to c]ta9 classes ( univalve %ells di/+ui%$ by peculi>ities ( =mation1 m or less di/9ct4 ,we %all describe two or ?ree ( ea*1 t our read]s may h "s idea ( ! mean+ ( ! t]ms :i* are (t5 us$ by ^? :o speak or write on con*ology4 ,! family ( ,cones1 call$ ,conid1 is an ext5sive "o1 consid]ably above two hundr$ species hav+ be5 discov]$4 ,_m ( !m are v beautiful bo? 9 %ape & col\r1 s t !y are highly valu$ by collectors2 !y are pr9cipally f\nd 9 ! s\!rn & tropical seas1 ^u s&y bottoms1 at dep?s v>y+ f a few feet to sev5te5 fa?oms4 ,! %ells are g5]ally ?ick & solid1 roll$ up1 z x 71 into a conical =m2 ! mo/ famili> illu/ration t c be giv5 ( ?is =m is a sug>-loaf1 :i* all ^! %ells m or less resemble 9 g5]al outl9e1 z ?us-- ,illu/ration ,cones are ei!r pla9 or coronat$1 t is1 cr[n$1 hav+ r[s ( projections r\nd ! top ( ! %ell1 l ! second ( ! above figures2 & ?is =ms a m>k ( division into two classes1 al?\gh ^! classes (t5 run1 z x 71 "o into ! o!r2 "s pla9 cones hav+ slight irregul>ities ( surface1 & "s cr[n$ ones be+ v ne>ly pla94 ,! ,common1 or ,ord9>y ,cone1 7,conus g5]alis17 ,plate ,v4 ,fig4 #a1 is an elegantly-%ap$ & beautifully-m>k$ %ell1 hav+ mu* ! appe>ance ( be+ c>v$ out ( "s r>e k9d ( m>ble4 ,! ,lett]$ ,cone1 7,conus littoralis17 ,fig4 #b1 appe>s to be scribbl$ ov] ) ,hebrew1 ,greek1 or ,arabic *>act]s1 & almo/ e species has some?+ peculi> 9 its m>k+s2 cl\ds & ve9s1 & dots1 & /ripes1 & b&s1 ( e conceivable %ape & mode ( arrangem5t1 may be met ) 9 ^! %ells1 ^: surface1 :5 ! epid]mis1 or out] sk9 is remov$1 be>s a beautiful poli%4 ,curi\s names h be5 giv5 to "s ( !m1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! ,high ,admiral1 ,vice ,admiral1 & ,gu9ea ,admiral1 :i* indicate ! rank !y hold 9 ! e/imation ( collectors4 ,f five to tw5ty gu9eas is ! price at :i* good & r>e ones h be5 valu$1 & "o1 ! ,conus c$o nulli1 :i* may be translat$1 ! ,cone second to none1 has fet*$ ! enorm\s sum ( ?ree hundr$ gu9eas4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t ^! %ells exhibit all _! beauties :51 inhabit$ by a c>nivor\s1 or fle%-eat+ mollusk1 !y move sl[ly ab\t1 or lie = a "t motionless among ! rocks & s&-b$s ( ! ocean4 ,! be=e-m5tion$ epid]mis1 :i* is ! ,lat9 = ! out] sk9 ( ! human body1 cov]s !m l a cloak or mantle1 :i* is ! "n x be>s among naturali/s4 ,mu* c>eful lab\r is requir$ to br+ !m to a fit /ate = cab9et %ells4 ,,volutes =m an ext5sive family ( %ells "u ! "n ,volut94 ,! great] "p are natives ( tropical seas1 & dwell f> d[n s t !y are seldom f\nd on ! coa/1 except aft] /orms4 ,!re are a few ,european species1 b ^! are n rem>kable = beauty1 z mo/ ( ! o!rs are4 ,! g5]ic "n signifies twi/$1 or r wrea!d1 z fl[]s or leaves might be1 ab\t "s c5tral object4 ,9 ^! %ells ! spire is g5]ally %ort1 z x is 9 _m cones1 sometimes sc>cely app>5t2 ! =m is usually elegant1 & ! m>k+s (t5 /rik+ & h&some4 ,on ,plate ,v1 w be f\nd ?ree examples--,fig4 #c is ! ,undulat$ ,volute1 7,v4 undulata17 ! ,lat9 = a little wave is undula1 & ^! m>ks are l ! l9es caus$ by ! fl[+ ( ! waves on a s&y %ore3 ?is %ell is f\nd *iefly 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific2 ! animal :i* inhabits x is prettily-m>k$ ) zebra-l /ripes4 ,fig4 #d is call$ ! ,pacific ,volute1 7,v4 ,pacificus27 ! %ape1 x w be se51 is some:at diff]5t1 be+ m angul>1 & x is )\t ! wav$ l9es4 ,fig4 #e1 ! ,bat ,volute1 7,v4 vesp]tilio17 is m decid$ly knobb$ or spik$1 approa*+ ne>ly to ! %ape ( "s ( ! coronat$ ones4 ,?is species is f\nd 9 ! ,indian seas2 ! specific "n is ! ,lat9 = a bat4 ,,mitres2 ^! are usually consid]$ z a g5us1 or bran* ( ! ,volute family2 ! sci5tific "n is mitra1 ! =m is g5]ally long1 sl5d]1 & po9t$--some?+ l ! bi%op's mitre1 h5ce ! common "n ( ! g5us4 ,9 ! ,episcopal ,mitre1 7,m4 episcopalis17 ,plate ,,vi1 ,fig4 #a1 we see ?is =m 9 its greate/ p]fection2 ?is is a h&some %ell f\nd 9 ! ,indian seas1 & on ! coa/s ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s4 ,! mollusk is rem>kable = a long proboscis1 d\ble ! l5g? ( ! %ell1 ! extremity ( :i* swells into a club =m1 & has an oval orifice or op5+3 ! specific "n episcopalis1 comes f ! ,lat91 & means (1 or l a bi%op4 ,! ,tann$ ,mitre1 7,m4 adu/a17 f ! ,lat9 adu/us--burn$ or p>*$1 is1 :at is call$ fusi=m & turrett$1 t is1 %ap$ l a sp9dle1 & hav+ a spire or turret-l t]m9ation4 ,! /reaks ( col\r are transv]se1 t is1 runn+ ! l5g? ( ! %ell1 or 9 o!r words1 !y are longitud9al2 ?is1 too1 comes f ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s4 ,fig4 #b is ! ,wr9kl$ ,mitre1 7,m4 corrugata17 f ! ,lat9 corrugo--to wr9kle2 x is v diff]5t bo? 9 %ape & m>k+s1 f ! la/ species2 ! :orls1 x w be se51 are angulat$ or po9t$ above1 & ! l[] "p ( ! %ell is mu* l>g] ?an ! spiral or upp] portion4 ,x is a true mitre nev]!less1 al?\gh n j su* a "o z a bi%op w\ld l to we>4 ,x inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean1 ! coa/ ( ,new ,gu9ea1 etc4 ,,olives2 ^!1 = ri*ness ( col\r & brilliancy ( effect1 w be> comp>ison ) any g5us ( %ells4 ,naturali/s speak ( !m collectively z ,oliv92 !y belong to ! ,volute family1 & are said to numb] ab\t eighty species4 ,mo/ ( ^? :i* h rea*$ ?is c\ntry1 h come f ! ,mauritius1 :]e !y cat* !m ) l9es bait$ ) portions ( ,cuttle-fi%4 ,we h "h depict$ two ( !m1 namely1 ! ,figur$ ,olive1 ,fig4 #c1 7,oliva textil9a17 f ! ,lat9 textilus1 :i* is wov5 or plait$2 & ! ,ruddy ,olive1 ,fig4 #d1 7,o4 sangu9ol5ta17 f sanguis--blood4 ,we mu/ n[ br+ our notice ( ! ,univalves to a conclusion2 !re are sev]al g5]a1 & _m v curi\s & beautiful species :i* we h be5 unable to notice at all1 & ( ^? :i* we h1 a %ort acc\nt only c\ld be giv52 suffici5t h[ev]1 z we tru/1 to int]e/ our read]s 9 ! subject1 & induce !m to cont9ue ! /udy ( x into l>g] works4 ,be=e leav+ ?is division ( %ells1 we w\ld call _! att5tion to "o ( its greate/ ornam5ts1 t is ! ,v5tricose ,h>p ,%ell1 7,h>pa v5tricosa17 f ! ,lat9 v5triculus--! /oma*1 appli$ to ?is %ell on acc\nt ( its swell$ or inflat$ %ape4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 c be m elegant ?an ! :ole =m1 nor m beautiful ?an ! m>k+s ( ?is lovely species1 7see ,plate ,,vi1 ,fig4 #e17 :i* belongs prop]ly to ! ,:elk family4 ,,c[ries4 ,( ,c[ries we h already spok5 9 our *apt] on ! ,uses ( ,%ells1 !y are among ! commone/ ( our te/ace\s ornam5ts1 & are rem>kable1 especially ! =eign k9ds1 = ri*ness & div]sity ( col\r1 & ! high poli% :i* !y be>4 ,! native species are small pla9 %ells1 commonly call$ ,pigs1 f "s real or fanci$ resemblance :i* !y be> to ! sw9e2 !y are pretty little :ite-ribb$ %ells1 & are tol]ably pl5tiful on v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,briti% coa/s4 ,!re are ?ree k9ds1 namely1 ! ,l\se ,pig1 or ,nun ,c[ry1 ! ,fle%-col\r$1 & ,european ,pig ,c[ries4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ( a pale r$di% col\r1 ) six squ>e black spots on ! back2 ! second is a beautiful rose t9t2 & ! ?ird is a%-col\r$ or p9ki%1 ) ?ree black dots1 & a :ite /reak d[n ! back4 ,! ,money ,c[ry1 7,cypra moneta17 us$ z curr5t co9 9 _m p>ts ( ,india1 z well z on ! coa/ ( ,gu9ea1 is a yell[ & :ite %ell1 ) a s+le b& ( ! =m] col\r2 x is small ( size1 & is sometimes call$ ! ,truss$ ,*ick51 = ! same reason z ! t]m ,pigs is appli$ to its ,briti% relatives4 ,^! ,c[ries are obta9$ pr9cipally ab\t ! ,phillipp9e ,isl&s1 ! ,maldive ,isl&s1 & ! coa/ ( ,congo1 :]e1 aft] high tides1 ! wom5 collect !m 9 baskets mix$ ) s&1 f :i* !y are aft]w>ds sep>at$ & clean$1 :5 !y are ready = ! m>ket4 ,!y are only useful z co9 s long z !y rema9 unbrok54 ,! value ( a s+le %ell is v small1 z ! foll[+ table w %ew3--,f\r ,c[ries make "o gund]2 tw5ty ,gund]s "o punn2 f\r ,punns "o anna2 f\r ,annas "o cahaun2 & f\r ,cahauns "o rupee4 ,! value ( ! latt] co9 is equal to two %ill+s & ?reep5ce1 ,engli% money1 & ?is w\ld be ex*angeable = five ?\s& "o hundr$ & tw5ty ,c[ries2 s t x w\ld nev] d to pay l>ge sums 9 ?is k9d ( co93 a waggon w\ld be requir$ to convey a few p\nds )4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! ,money ,c[ries are frequ5tly us$ z m>k]s or c\nt]s 9 social games2 !y are g5]ally :ite1 9 %ape r broad & flat1 be+ mu* spread out r\nd ! edges1 :i* are slightly puck]$1 l frills4 ,"h are two figures ( ! %ell1 exhibit+ ! back & front view4 ,illu/ration ,on ,plate ,,vii1 w be f\nd a gr\p ( o!r ,=eign ,c[ries1 mo/ ( :i* w be recogniz$ z famili> ornam5ts ( ! mantel & side-bo>d4 ,fig4 #a is ! ,spott$ or ,leop>d ,c[ry1 sometimes also call$ ! ,tig] ,c[ry1 7,c4 tigris17 :i*1 9 ! e>li] /ages ( its gr[?1 is simply m>k$ ) broad b&s ( light] col\r across ! %ell4 ,fig4 #b1 ! ,map ,c[ry1 7,c4 mappa17 curi\sly m>k$ & %ad$1 s z to resemble a col\r$ map2 !re are sev]al v>ieties ( ?is beautiful %ell1 su* z ! rosy & d>k v>iety f ! ,pe>l ,isl&s1 9 ! ,indian ,ocean2 ! ,citron & ,dw>f ,ri*-m\!d v>iety1 f ! ,mauritius4 ,fig4 #c1 ! ,mole ,c[ry1 7,c4 talpa17 ! la/ ^w be+ ! ,lat9 = a mole1 is ( a m sl5d] =m ?an mo/ o!r species ( ! ,cyprid family1 s call$ on acc\nt ( _! beauty1 ,cyprea be+ a "n ( ,v5us1 ! goddess ( beauty4 ,any "o :o has se5 a mole1 mu/ be /ruck ) ! resemblance ( its g5]al outl9e to ?is %ell1 ( :i* !re is a d>k]-col\r$ v>iety ( some:at /\t] =m1 call$ exu/us--burn$ or scor*$4 ,( ! ,poa*$-egg ,c[ries !re are sev]al species1 ! mo/ common is call$ by naturali/s ,ovulum ovum1 ,fig4 #d1 f ovum--an egg2 ! back ( ?is %ell is mu* elevat$ & r\nd$2 x is smoo? & :ite2 ! inside is orange br[n4 ,"s ( ! ,poa*$-egg gr\p are ( a m sl5d] & angul> %ape1 z1 = in/ance1 t call$ ! ,gibb\s1 7,o4 ,gibbosa27 ! moon :5 m ?an half-full1 is call$ gibb\s1 t is r\nd$ unequally1 z ?is %ell4 ,illu/ration ,few %ells und]go great] *anges1 bo? ( %ape & col\r1 dur+ ! process ( gr[?1 ?an ! ,c[ries1 :i* are call$ 9 ,france ,porcela9es1 on acc\nt ( _! high poli% & brilliant hues2 a s+le species 9 diff]5t /ages ( developm5t1 might well be1 & (t5 is1 tak5 = di/9ct %ells4 ,mu* might be said ab\t ! ,mollusks :i* inhabit !m1 b our pres5t subject has r to d ) _! out] cov]+ ?an _! int]nal /ructure4 ,! mo/ r>e & valuable1 if n ! mo/ beautiful ( ^! ,c[ries1 is ! ,c4 aurora1 or aurantium1 ,morn+-dawn1 or ,orange ,c[ry1 a p]fect specim5 ( :i* has be5 sold = fifty gu9eas4 ,!re is a v curi\s %ell call$ ! ,common ,weav]'s ,%uttle1 7,oculum volva17 g5]ally includ$ 9 ! ,cyprea family2 ( ?is a repres5tation w be f\nd on ,plate ,,vii1 ,fig4 #e4 ,?is is br\ght f ,*9a4 ,,bivalves4 ,acephal\s ,mollusks1 ) ,bivalve ,%ells1 is ! "n giv5 by mod]n naturali/s to ! class ( animals ( :i* we h n[ to speak2 ! only "o ( ^! t]ms :i* w require explanation is ! fir/2 x comes f ! ,greek1 & means headless1 s an ,acephalan is a mollusc\s animal )\t a head1 z ,,! ,,oy/]1 ,:i* may be consid]$ z ! ,k+ ( ,bivalves2 8 palace1 to be sure1 is some:at r\gh & rugg$ outside1 b )91 its walls are smoo? & poli%$1 lu/r\s & iridesc5t1 & altoge!r beautiful2 ( a nacr\s or pe>ly appe>ance1 n[ flu%+ into a rose t9t1 n[ fad+ into pure :ite1 & adorn$ sometimes ) goodly pe>ls ( price2 truly ?is mon>* ( ! ,con*if]s has a habitation wor?y ( a pr9ce1 :]e9 he lives 9 "r royal /ate4 ,our read]s may smile p]haps at ! idea ( ! solit>y ,oy/] do+ ?is1 d[n !re on 8 mud bank or rocky an*orage gr\nd1 %ut up 9 8 dirty-look+ %ells1 & hold+1 z x seems1 commune ) no "o1 n ev5 8 fell[ mollusks2 h[ c he be said to live 9 royal /ate1 or inde$ any /ate at all1 except 9 a mo/ we>y1 /ale1 flat1 & unpr(itable "o8 ,& ?is only %ews h[ errone\sly ^? (t5 judge :o d s ha/ily1 & f fir/ appe>ances4 ,if we take a peep ?r\gh a microscope1 "u ! direction ( a naturali/ nam$ ,rym] ,jones1 we %all see t 8! %ell ( an ,oy/] is a _w occupi$ by an innum]able quantity ( animals1 comp>$ to :i* ! ,oy/] itself is a colossus4 ,! liquid enclos$ betwe5 ! %ell ( ! ,oy/] conta9s a multitude ( embryos1 cov]$ ) transp>5t scales1 :i* swim ) ease2 a hundr$ & tw5ty ( ^! embryos1 plac$ side by side1 w\ld make an in* 9 bread?4 ,?is liquid conta9s besides1 a great v>iety ( animalcul1 five hundr$ times less 9 size1 :i* give out a phosphoric light4 ,yet ^! are n ! only inhabitants ( ?is dwell+--!re are also ?ree di/9ct species ( worms40 ,let u see if !re are any h>d names "h t want expla9+ be=e we g any fur!r4 ,! fir/ we /umble ^u is ,colossus1 :i* comes f ! ,lat91 & means a great image or /atue1 l t :i* anci5t hi/orians tell u once be/rode ! entrance to ! h>b\r ( ,rhodes4 ,embryo comes f ! ,greek1 & means some?+ small & unf9i%$1 t is to exp& or gr[ into a m p]fect =m1 z ! se$ into a plant4 ,animalcul1 are m9ute or v small animals1 su* z _c be di/+ui%$ )\t ! help ( a microscope1 h5ce !y are sometimes call$ microscopic animals2 ?is ^w comes f ! ,lat9 animalis1 :i* means hav+ life4 ,phosphoric signifies lum9\s1 or giv+ out light4 ,! ,greek "n ( ! morn+ /> is ,phospha4 ,9 ,lat91 ,phosphorus is a t]m appli$ to a sub/ance :i* *emi/s extract f bones & o!r animal matt]1 & :i*1 :5 expos$ to air1 burns ) a pale blue light1 l t emitt$ by ! gl[-worm4 ,_m ( ! oceanic or sea animalcul are exce$+ly phosphoresc5t1 s t by night1 ! waves appe> l bill[s ( flame4 ,( ?is lum9osity ( ! ocean1 z x is t]m$1 we %all h to speak on ano!r occasion4 ,we w n[ return to ! ,oy/]1 :o1 x w be se51 is by no means s solit>y 9 8 bivalve palace z might be suppos$4 ,he has 8 tor*-be>]s1 & o!r att5dants1 q a ho/ ( !m1 no d\bt magnific5tly dress$1 if we c\ld b see !m to advantage1 & well in/ruct$ 9 ! sev]al duties :i* !y h to p]=m4 ,oh yes1 c]ta9ly1 z ! ,iri% poet has said1 8,( all ! ,con*if]\s %ell-fi%1 ,! ,oy/] is surely ! ,k+20 ,%all we cont9ue ! quotation8 & say 8,arrah ,mick1 call ! p :o sell fi%1 ,& tell !m a doz5 to br+3 ,= x's ,i t int5d to demon/rate1 ,! creature's ph5om5a /range1 ,its functions to set e "o /raight1 ,& exhibit _! /ructure & range40 ,sc>cely w our limit$ space p]mit u to d ?is1 b a few ( ! mo/ rem>kable p>ticul>s ab\t ?is common ,acephalan1 we feel call$ ^u to set be=e our read]s4 ,fir/1 !n1 x belongs to ! class ,con*if]a2 ?is is a ^w :i* we mu/ /op to exam9e a little2 x seems to come f ! ,lat9 con*a1 :i* means a %ell-fi% ) two %ells1 9 o!r words a bivalve mollusk4 ,second1 our ,oy/] belongs to ! class ,pect9id4 ,n[ pect5 is ! ,lat9 = a comb1 & ?is class includes ^? bivalve %ells ^: edges are too!d1 or1 z x is said1 pect9at$2 9 ! scallop & ! cockle %ells ?is peculi>ity is m obs]vable ?an 9 ^? ( o!r memb]s ( ! class1 & ^! =m ! typical1 or s to speak1 patt]n g5us1 pect54 ,?irdly1 ! ,common ,oy/] is a ,monomy>ian ,con*if]4 ,ah6 t's some?+ l a "n = ! acephaloid mon>*6 ,look at ^! two words1 mono-my>ian1 di-my>ian1 y "k ( c\rse t mony-syllable means "o syllable1 & dis-syllable means two4 ,y sometimes he> ( a p]son :o leads a monoton\s life1 & y ?9k p]haps ( ! ,oy/] %ut up 9 8 %ell all alone1 "o by himself2 ?is notion y n[ "k to be a false "o2 al?\gh x is true t he has b "o abductor muscle1 & !re=e belongs to ! division ( ! ,pect9id family call$ ,monomy>ia1 :ile ! ,pe>l ,oy/] has two1 & !re=e belongs to t t]m$ ,dimy>ia4 ,if1 z !y say1 !re is reason 9 ! roa/+ ( eggs1 surely !re mu/ be 9 ! names giv5 to ! classes & divisions ( %ells4 ,we hope to h succe$$ 9 mak+ ! :y & ! :]e=e 9 ?is case some:at pla92--"o--two--& away we g out ( ?is maze ( h>d names4 ,b :at ab\t ! abductor muscle1 above spok5 (8 well1 ?is mu/ be expla9$2 abduce1 com+ f ! ,lat9 abduco1 means to sep>ate1 to draw away1 h5ce we h abduction4 ,dur+ ! life ( an ,oy/]1 ! usual & natural /ate ( ! %ell is t ( be+ kept op5 = a little di/ance1 to all[ ! wat] necess>y = its n\ri%m5t & respiration to fl[ 9 & out2 b z a security aga9/ dang]1 x 0 necess>y to furni% ! animal ) ! means ( rapidly clos+ ! %ell1 & reta9+ ! valves 9 a clos$ /ate4 ,^! actions be+ only occasional1 yet requir+ consid]able =ce1 are effect$ by means ( a muscul> p[]1 = :i* purpose "o or two1 or sometimes m /rong muscles are plac$ betwe5 ! valves1 _! fibres pass+ directly across f ! inn] surface ( "o to t ( ! o!r1 & firmly atta*$ to bo?1 & ^! are call$ ! abductor muscles1 because _! (fice is to draw or pull2 h[ /rongly !y d ?is ^? ^: bus9ess x is to op5 ,oy/]s c be/ tell2 if ! animal )9 7 n alive1 ! process w\ld n be a difficult "o1 z 9 t case ! muscles w\ld be relax$1 & ! %ell w\ld come op5 ( itself1 s t actually p :o eat ,oy/]s directly !y are op5$1 swall[ !m 8all alive-,o60 ,if a pair ( ! %ells f :i* ! delici\s morsel has be5 extract$1 be tak5 9 ! h&1 x may be notic$ t "o is mu* ?9n]1 smoo!r1 & flatt] ?an ! o!r2 ?is is ! side mo/ expos$ to ! action ( ! wat]2 ! r\gh] & r\nd] side is t :i* is atta*$ to ! rock1 or o!r sub/ance to :i* ! animal =ms an atta*m5t1 t is usually life-long4 ,! two portions ( ! %ell are jo9$ toge!r by a h+e ( curi\s workman%ip1 :i* is =m$ ( ! inn] lay] ( ! %ell1 & /r5g!n$ by a ligam5t :i* is wond]fully ela/ic2 :5 ! %ell is drawn toge!r by ! abductor muscles1 ! ligam5t is at full /ret*1 & z soon z !y relax at all1 x contracts1 & causes ! %ell to gape4 ,?is process is repeat$ z (t5 z may be necess>y = ! safety & su/5ance ( ! animal )91 ^: m\? is situat$ at ! n>r[e/ "p ( its habitation1 namely1 ne> ! jo9t ( ! h+e1 :i* connects its upp] & "u %ell4 ,! anatomical /ructure ( ! ,oy/] is m p]fect ?an w\ld be suppos$1 f its app>5tly l[ /ate ( organization2 x has a he>t1 liv]1 & inte/9al canal1 & a bag ne> ! m\?1 :i* answ]s ! purpose ( a /oma*4 ,its brea?+ organs are gills1 closely resembl+ ^? ( mo/ o!r fi%2 x has little vessels :i* convey ! bile f ! /oma* to ! liv]1 & may p]haps be subject to bili\s attacks1 z well z ^? :o swall[ ?is curi\s piece ( organization at a m\?ful1 )\t ?9k+ at all ( ! goodly /ructure !y are demoli%+4 ,!re is ! t9y he>t ) its s]ies ( blood-vessels1 j z p]fect z 9 ! l>g] animals4 ,!re are ! n]ves 9 ! %ape ( m9ute feel]s1 :i* appe> to be acutely s5sible n only ( actual contact ) =eign bodies1 b also ( s\nds & movem5ts f )\t4 ,a v nice s5se ( feel+ appe>s to reside 9 :at is call$ ! be>d1 9 sci5tific language bissus2 ?is is a k9d ( d\ble fr+e to ! two lobes ( ! mantle1 or sac1 z x is call$1 :i* envelopes ! body ( ! animal1 & floats free f ! %ell1 except j at ! "p ne>] ! valve :]e x is atta*$4 ,we h j spok5 ( ! be>d ( ! ,oy/]1 & ?is rem9ds u ( a conundrum :i* may s]ve to amuse our read]s1 & enliv5 ^! dry details a little4 ,:y is an ,oy/] ! mo/ anomal\s1 t is /range1 contradictory1 creature 9 exi/5ce8 ,d y give x up8 ,well !n x is because 8,x we>s a be>d )\t any *91 ,& leaves its b$ to be tuck$ 940 ,aga91 by ?is allusion to ! 8tuck+ 90 ( ,oy/]s1 a phrase m expressive ?an polite1 we h recall$ to memory ! say+ ( a qua9t old au?or1 t !y are 8ungodly1 un*>itable1 & unpr(itable meat2 ungodly1 because !y are eat5 )\t grace2 un*>itable1 because !y leave no?+ b %ells1 & unpr(itable because !y mu/ swim 9 w9e40 ,n1 g5]ally1 h[ev]1 are !y eat5 9 ?is luxuri\s mann]1 a little pepp] & v9eg> is all !y commonly get 9 ! way ( sauce1 & ^? :o swall[ !m ?us accompani$1 seem to d s ) inf9ite reli%4 ,a v long *apt]1 if n a :ole book1 might be writt5 ab\t ! hi/orical associations ( ,oy/]s1 = :i* our c\ntry has be5 fam\s1 z f> back z ! "t ( ! fir/ ,roman invasion2 mu*1 too1 might be said ab\t ! ,oy/] b$s & fi%]ies1 :i* give employm5t to ?\s&s ( our indu/ri\s population1 b all ?is has s little to d ) natural hi/ory1 t we c f9d no excuse = dwell+ ^u x "h4 ,x is q )9 ! range ( our subject1 h[ev]1 to /ate t ! 8spat0 or 8spawn0 ( ! ,oy/] is ca/ ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,may3 at fir/ x resembles a drop ( gre5i% tall[1 b by ! aid ( ! microscope x may be se5 to consi/ ( a great numb] ( m9ute p>ticles1 ea* ( :i* is an egg1 & w by-&-by become a p]fect fi%2 ^! increase 9 size v rapidly1 & aft] float+ ab\t = a :ile1 s9k to ! bottom1 & become atta*$ to rock or "s o!r sub/ance1 9 :i* position1 if n viol5tly deta*$ or remov$1 !y complete _! gr[?1 & live out ! t]m ( _! natural life4 ,_! food is m9ute animalcul1 & microscopic vegetation1 on ! nature ( :i* _! flav\r greatly dep5ds4 ,!y h _m enemies besides man2 ! :elk1 & ! crab1 ! sea-/>1 or 8five f+]s10 & ! l>ge drum-fi%1 :i* swall[s !m almo/ by ! bu%el1 %ells & all2 ^! help to ?9 ! ,oy/]-b$s1 & make ! dr$g]'s lab\rs less remun]ative ?an !y w\ld o!rwise be4 ,"h is a picture ( "o z he /&s 9 8 boat j ab\t to ?r[ 8 dr$ge into ! s&y bottom1 :]e he kn[s ! delici\s te/aceans d1 or ought to1 lie mo/ ?ickly4 ,! dr$ge1 :i* is a triangul> iron frame ) a net ov] ! bottom1 w naturally s9k1 & :5 ! l9e to :i* x is atta*$ ceases to run out1 ! dr$g] w put 8 boat 9 motion1 & draw x ?us ov] ! ,oy/]-b$1 & !n pull x up fill$1 x may be1 ) little fat 8,miltons10 or l>ge 8,col*e/]s10 or su* o!r k9d z ! spot is kn[n to yield4 ,illu/ration ,! ,lat9 = ,oy/] is ,o/rea1 & t is a "n giv5 to a g5us ( ! ,pect9id family1 compris+ beside ! ,o4 edulis1 or ,common ,oy/]1 _m o!r species4 ,edulis means eatable4 ,home naturali/s divide ^! ,o/raceans into two gr\ps1 fir/ ) simple or undulat$1 b n plait$ valves2 second1 ^? :i* h ! bord]s ( _! valves di/9ctly plait$4 ,to ! fir/ gr\p belong ! ,common ,oy/]1 & betwe5 ?irty & =ty o!r liv+ species :i* are f\nd pr9cipally 9 w>m & temp]ate latitudes4 ,9 ! ,pol> ocean none h be5 discov]$1 & 9 ! hott] climates !y are mo/ abundant1 be+ f\nd 9 l>ge b$s or banks ne> ! coa/1 & (t5 atta*$ to rocks & ev5 to trees :i* gr[ by ! wat]1 s t ! acc\nts ( "s old travell]s :o /at$ t !y saw ,oy/]s gr[+ ^u trees1 7 n s false z _m suppos$ !m4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! annex$ figure is t ( ! ,cock's-comb ,oy/]1 ,o/rea ,cri/a-,galli1 a native ( ! ,indian ,seas1 & a v rem>kable %ell1 on acc\nt ( its crook$ or deeply ind5t$ =m2 ! specific "n means cock's-cre/4 ,! ,*9ese ,w9d[ ,oy/]1 call$ ,placuna ,plac5ta1 :i* we may1 if we l1 translate into a pleasant or agreeable cake2 ! %ell1 x w be se51 is r\nd l a cake1 & its smoo?ness & regul>ity ( =m r5d] x agreeable to look ^u2 ?is species too comes f ! ,indian ,seas1 :]e x is tak5 on s&y bottoms4 ,! ,am]ican ,sp9y ,oy/]1 or ,spondylus ,am]icanus1 br+s u into ano!r family1 t ( ! ,wat] ,clams1 call$ by naturali/s ,spondylid2 ) ! sp9es /uck out e way1 & no way 9 p>ticul>1 x looks l a head ( hair greatly 9 ne$ ( ! assi/ance ( "o ( its pect9at$ relatives4 ,! specific "n ( ?is curi\s %ell expla9s itself2 ! g5]ic "n comes f ! ,lat9 ,spondylis--a k9d ( s]p5t4 ,illu/ration ,pass+ ov] ! family ,malleid1 or ,hamm] ,oy/]s1 we come to ! ,meleagr9id1 or ,pe>l ,oy/]s1 ( :i* ,fig4 #a1 ,plate ,,viii1 is an example1 ?is is ! ,m4 ,m>g>itif]a ( naturali/s1 ! mollusk 9 ^: %ells pe>ls are *iefly f\nd4 ,"h are two long words2 ,meleagris is ! ,lat9 = a ,gu9ea or ,turkey ,h51 to ! m>k+s ( ^: plumage naturali/s might h imag9$ ! %ells ( ?is g5us bore "s resemblance4 ,!re 01 says ! my?ology1 a celebrat$ h]o ( antiquity nam$ ,meleaga1 b we c h>dly suppose t !re is any association betwe5 8 "n & t ( a g5us ( ,oy/]s1 ( :i* edible we read ! anci5ts 7 v fond1 & !y are said to h _h a fancy n only = ! mollusk itself1 b also = ! pe>ls f\nd 9 its %ell1 :i* at _! luxuri\s banquets !y dissolv$ 9 w9e1 to make ! draughts ri*]1 or at all ev5ts m exp5sive2 & ?is br+s u to ! specific "n ( ! ,pe>l ,oy/]1 ,m>g>itif]a1 :i* comes f ! ,lat9 ,m>g>ita--a pe>l2 ! ,fr5* use ?is ^w slightly alt]$ 9 ! spell+1 ?us ,m>gu]ite = bo? a daisy1 & ,a ,,pe>l4 ,?is jewel1 s highly valu$ = its *a/e beauty1 is b a secretion ( animal matt]1 result+ f ! ef=ts ( "s uneasy mollusk1 annoy$ by a =eign sub/ance1 :i* has f\nd its way into 8 habitation1 to make ! be/ ( an unavoidable evil by enclos+ x 9 a s(t smoo? cov]+4 ,let u imitate ! ,oy/]1 & :5 annoy$ or afflict$1 by meekness & pati5ce1 & *ri/ian *>ity1 /rive to turn our vexations & tr\bles into 8pe>ls ( great price10 & 8goodly pe>ls10 l ^? m5tion$ 9 scripture4 ,x is on ! nor?-we/ coa/ ( ! ,isl& ( ,ceylon1 9 ! ,indian ,ocean1 t ! ,pe>l ,oy/] mo/ ab\nds1 & !re x is t ! ,pe>l fi%]y is conduct$ 9 ! mo/ ext5sive1 sy/ematic1 & successful mann]2 ?is fi%+ comm5ces at ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 & upw>ds ( two hundr$ boats are usually employ$ 9 x2 9 ea* ( ^! boats are t5 div]s1 :o g d[n to ! ,oy/]-b$s1 five at a "t1 & s relieve ea* o!r2 !re are besides ?irte5 o!r m5 :o manage ! boat1 & att5d to ! div]s4 ,altoge!r x is comput$ t f fifty to sixty ?\s& p]sons1 9 "s way engag$ 9 ! fi%]y1 or prep>ation1 or sale ( ! pe>ls1 assemble at & ne> ! sc5e ( op]ations1 :i* mu/ be inde$ a busy "o4 ,! numb] ( ,oy/]s tak5 dur+ ! p]iod ( ! fi%+1 :i* is ab\t a mon?1 mu/ be prodigi\s4 ,"o boat has be5 kn[n to br+ on %ore1 9 ! day1 z _m z ?irty-?ree ?\s&2 !y are plac$ 9 heaps1 & all[$ to rema9 until !y become putrid1 :5 !y und]go a v elaborate process ( wa%+ & sep>at+ f ! %ells1 :i* are c>efully exam9$ & depriv$ ( _! pe>ly treasures4 ,! /5* aris+ f ! decompos$ animal matt] is describ$ z horrible1 & ! :ole process fil?y & loa?some 9 ! extreme2 yet out ( ! slime & mud & disgu/+ effluvia1 come e ye> gems ( ine/imable value1 calculat$ to adorn ! br[ ( beauty1 & =m ornam5ts ! mo/ pure & delicate t c be imag9$4 ,= ! exclusive "r ( fi%+ on ! banks ( ,ceylon1 = a s+le season1 z mu* z #abj1jjj h be5 paid to ! ,engli% gov]nm5t by "o p]son1 :o sublets boats to o!rs4 ,pe>ls v>y greatly 9 value accord+ to _! col\r & size2 ^? :i* are p]fectly :ite are ! mo/ valuable2 next to ^! are ^? :i* h a yell[i% t+e2 ! smalle/ k9d1 us$ = v>i\s ornam5tal purposes1 are call$ se$ pe>ls1 ! refuse is made into a k9d ( confection call$ *imum1 highly reli%$ by ,*9ese epicures4 ,a s+le ,oy/] w sometimes conta9 sev]al pe>ls1 :i* are g5]ally emb$d$ 9 ! body ( ! animal1 b are sometimes fix$ to ! %ell2 x is record$ ( "o ri* mollusk1 t !re 7 f\nd 9 8 possession no less ?an "o hundr$ & fifty preci\s jewels2 he mu/ h be5 a mis]1 or p]haps he _h tak5 !m 9 pl$ge f 8 less provid5t neighb\rs4 ,f ! e>lie/ "t1 pe>ls h be5 consid]$ z valuable ornam5ts2 !y are m5tion$ 9 ! book ( ,job1 7see *ap4 xxviii1 v]se #ah?417 & are (t5 allud$ to by ,greek & ,roman writ]s4 ,v>i\s attempts h be5 made to imitate !m1 & "o mode ( produc+ !m1 practis$1 x is said1 m ?an a ?\s& ye>s ago1 is /ill c>ri$ on 9 ,*9a4 ,9 ! %ells ( ,pe>l ,oy/]s1 holes are bor$1 into :i* pieces ( iron are introduc$2 ^! w\nd+ & irritat+ ! animal1 cause x to deposit coat ^u coat ( pe>ly matt] ov] ! w\nd$ "p1 & s ! pe>l is =m$4 ,artificial pe>ls are made ( holl[ glass globules or little globes1 cov]$ on ! inside ) a liquid call$ pe>l-ess5ce1 & fill$ up ) :ite wax4 ,hi/orians speak ( an anci5t traffic 9 native pe>ls c>ri$ on by ?is c\ntry2 & 9 mod]n times1 ,briti% pe>ls ( consid]able value h be5 discov]$1 "o n _m ye>s s9ce1 by a g5tleman :o 0 eat+ oy/]s at ,w9*e/]1 0 valu$ at two hundr$ gu9eas4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 ! pe>ls ( ?is c\ntry are inf]ior 9 ! two requisites ( col\r & size4 ,int]e/+ acc\nts ( ,pe>ls & ,pe>l-fi%+1 w be f\nd 9 8! ,p5ny10 & 8,saturday ,magaz9es10 & _m o!r works easy ( access4 ,!re our "y read]s may le>n ( ! p]ils & dang]s to :i* ! poor div]s are expos$ f ! voraci\s %>ks1 :i* hov] ab\t ! fi%+ gr\nds1 & make a da% at _! victim1 he$less ( ! writt5 *>ms1 ) :i* ! prie/ or %>k-*>m] has provid$ him previ\s to 8 desc5t1 & ( mu* m ?an we c f9d space "h to tell4 ,all we c n[ d is to give ! portrait1 z drawn by ,?omas ,hood1 ( a lady :o takes up h] abode 9 all ! pe>l-produc+ bivalves1 & :o is !re=e1 p]haps on ?is acc\nt1 call$ ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,"m ,,( ,,pe>l4 ,,! ,,mussel ,,& ,,! ,,cockle4 ,x is 9 ! ,dimy>ia division ( ! ,con*if]a t we mu/ look = ^! famili> bivalves1 ! ,mussel1 or1 z x is sometimes spell$1 ,muscle1 & ! ,cockle2 ! =m] call$ 9 sci5tific language ,mytilus1 :i* 9 ,lat9 means simply a %ell-fi%1 & ! latt] ,c>dium1 :i* may h ref]5ce to ! h+e ( ?is bivalve1 or ! he>t-%ape assum$ by sev]al ( ! species2 c>do1 9 ,lat91 signify+ ! h+e ( a gate1 & c>desco1 a /one 9 ! %ape ( a he>t4 ,x is to ! ,mytilid family t we %all fir/ direct our att5tion1 & "h we f9d ! ,common or ,edible ,mussel1 7,m4 edule17 & _m o!r species1 9 all ( :i* ! %ell is m or less elongat$1 or l5g!n$ out1 & po9t$ at "o end4 ,! memb]s ( ?is family are abundant on mo/ rocky coa/s1 :]e facilities are af=d$ = ! mollusks to moor !mselves to rocks1 /ones1 & o!r sub/ances cov]$ at high-wat]1 b left dry by ! retreat+ tide4 ,!y are n1 h[ev]1 conf9$ to %ores ( ?is description1 b are sometimes f\nd 9 va/ numb]s on l[ s&y or pebbly flats1 :i* run f> out into ! sea2 ^! are call$ b$s ( ,mussels1 & are1 l ! ,oy/] gr\nds1 specially c>$ = & protect$4 ,z a %ip by its cable1 s commonly ! ,mussel1 by its bissus or be>d1 is made fa/ to its an*orage-gr\nd1 be x pebbly or s&y bea*1 or jutt+ rock4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! mollusk travels1 & ?is is h[ x manages to d s2 x has a /\t fle%y foot1 9 %ape some?+ l t ( a *ubby *ild1 & ?is x c advance ab\t two in*es beyond ! edge ( ! %ell1 !n fix+ ! po9t ( x to a piece ( rock or any o!r body1 & contract+ x1 ! %ell is drawn onw>d1 & sure1 ?\gh sl[1 progress is made 9 any desir$ direction4 ,! ,p9na1 z ! m>9e ,mussel is call$1 has a foot :i* is cyl9drical 9 %ape1 & has at ! bottom a r\nd t5don1 almo/ z long z itself1 ! use ( :i* appe>s to be to ga!r 9 & reta9 ! num]\s ?reads ) :i*1 :5 inhabit+ ! %ores ( tempe/u\s seas1 x la%es itself fa/ to ! fix$ objects ar\nd2 ^! ?reads are fa/5$ at v>i\s po9ts1 & !n drawn tight by ! animal1 ^: in/9ct tea*es x t its brittle %ell w\ld soon be brok5 9 pieces1 if suff]$ to roll hi!r & ?i!r at ! m]cy ( ! waves4 ,! ,mussel has a v curi\s me?od ( prep>+ its cable = ?is s]vice2 x is n wov51 nor spun1 nor drawn out ( ! body1 l ! web ( ! spid]1 b produc$ 9 a liquid =m1 & ca/ 9 a m\ld :i* is =m$ by a groove 9 ! foot1 ext5d+ f ! root ( ! t5don to ! upp] extremity2 ! sides ( ?is groove are =m$ s z to fold ov] x & =m a canal1 into :i* ! glut9\s or /icky secretion is p\r$2 !re x rema9s until x has dri$ into a solid ?read1 :5 ! end ( x is c>ri$ out by ! foot1 & appli$ to ! object to :i* x is to be atta*$2 ! canal is !n op5$ ?r\gh its :ole l5g? to free ! ?read1 & clos+ aga9 is ready = ano!r ca/+2 z if consci\s h[ mu* dep5ds ^u ! security ( 8 l9es1 ! animal tries e "o aft] he has fix$ x by sw++ itself r\nd s z to put ! ?reads fully on ! /ret*2 :5 once !y are all firmly fix$1 x seems to h no p[] ( dis5gag+ itself f !m2 ! liquid matt] out ( :i* !y are =m$1 is s v glut9\s1 or glue-l1 z to atta* itself firmly to ! smoo!/ bodies4 ,! process ( produc+ x is a sl[ "o1 z x does n appe> t ! ,p9na c =m m ?an f\r or five 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,:5 ! animal is di/urb$ 9 its op]ations1 x sometimes =ms ^! ?reads too ha/ily2 !y are !n m sl5d] ?an ^? produc$ at leisure1 &1 ( a consequ5ce1 weak]4 ,on "s p>ts ( ! ,m$it]ranean coa/1 z 9 ,sicily1 gloves & o!r articles h be5 manufactur$ f ! ?reads ( ?is mollusk2 !y resemble v f9e silk 9 appe>ance4 ,illu/ration ,! foot ( ! ,cockle1 ( :i* we "h give a figure1 is commonly employ$ 9 scoop+ out ! mud or s&1 b5ea? :i* x conceals itself2 ?is useful limb assumes ! =m ( a %ovel1 hook1 or any o!r in/rum5t necess>y = ! purpose2 x appe>s to be a mass ( muscul> fibres1 & to possess great p[]4 ,z a boatman 9 %all[ wat] s5ds 8 vessel along by pu%+ aga9/ ! bottom ) 8 boat-hook1 precisely s does ,mr4 ,c>dium travel2 he d\bles up 8 foot into a club1 & by an en]getic use ( x z a propell]1 makes consid]able headway along ! surface ( ! s(t s& b5ea? ! wat]s4 ,9 ?is way1 too1 "s memb]s ( ! g5us sol5 =ce _! way ?r\gh ! s&2 :ile ^? call$ ,tell9a spr+ to a consid]able di/ance1 by fir/ fold+ ! foot into a small compass1 & !n sudd5ly exp&+ x1 clos+ ! %ell at ! same "t ) a l\d snap2 s t y see ^! sob]-look+ mollusks are sometimes frolicksome fell[s2 ?is is an en=cem5t ( ! lesson1 judge n by appe>ances4 ,"s ( ! species1 bo? ( ! ,mussel & ,cockle families1 h v beautiful %ells4 ,we give a repres5tation ( "o ( ea*1 on ,plate ,,viii4 ,fig4 #b is ! ,magellanic ,mytilus1 7,m4 ,magellanicus17 f\nd *iefly 9 ! ,/raits ( ,magellan2 x is g5]ally f\r or five in*es long1 ! %ells :5 poli%$ are v brilliant1 ! deep purple col\r *ang+ into ri* violet1 z !y are held 9 diff]5t lights4 ,9 mo/ cab9ets ! l>ge fan-l delicate %ells ( ! g5us ,p9na may be obs]v$2 ! l>ge/ species is t call$ ,p9na flabellum1 tak5 9 ! ,m$it]ranean2 x sometimes exce$s two feet 9 l5g?4 ,! fir/ ( ^! names is a ,lat9 ^w signify+1 besides a %ell-fi%1 ! f9 ( a fi%1 or ! w+ fea!rs ( a bird--h5ce ! t]m p9ion2 x ref]s to ! f9-l or w+-l %ape ( ?is %ell4 ,flabellum means a fan1 ref]r+ probably to ! bissus ( ! mollusk1 :i* is f9e & glossy1 l silk1 & v abundant4 ,_m pretty specim5s = figur+ might be select$ f ! ,naid1 a family ( ,fre%-wat] ,mussels1 s call$ f ! ,naiades1 fabul\s div9ities ( ! /reams & riv]s4 ,! %ells ( _m ( ^!1 :i* are ( consid]able ?ickness1 are l9$ ) ! mo/ brilliant nacre1 & 9 ^!1 z might be expect$1 pe>ls are sometimes f\nd4 ,"o species1 abundant 9 "s ,engli% riv]s1 call$ ! ,mya ,m>g>itif]a1 or1 z "s say1 ,uno elongates1 has long be5 celebrat$ = ?is valuable production4 ,x 0 mo/ likely ) pe>ls f ?is mollusk t ,julius ,cs> adorn$ a brea/-plate1 :i* he d$icat$ to ,v5us1 & hung up 9 h] temple4 ,! riv]s ,esk & ,conway 7 =m]ly celebrat$ z ,briti% pe>l-fi%+ gr\nds2 a ,conway pe>l 0 pres5t$ by h] *amb]la91 ,sir ,ri*>d ,wynn1 ( ,gwyd]1 to ,ca?>9e1 ,que5 ( ,*>les ! ,second2 & 9 ! royal cr[n ( ,brita9 ?is jewel is said /ill to occupy a place4 ,sir ,john ,hawk9s1 ! circumnavigator ( ! globe1 held a pat5t = ! pe>l-fi%]y ( ! ,riv] ,irt1 9 ,cumb]l&4 ,! riv]s ( ,tyrone & ,donegal1 9 ,irel&1 h1 or _h1 _! pe>l-be>+ ,mussels2 we read ( "o :i* weigh$ ?irty-six c>ats1 7a c>at is ne>ly f\r gra9s17 b n be+ ( p]fect %ape & col\r1 x 0 only valu$ at =ty p\nds4 ,we also read ( ano!r pur*as$ by ,lady ,gl5lealy1 = #aj1 & f\nd to be s p]fect & admirable1 t #hj 0 aft]w>ds (f]$ = x1 & refus$4 ,^! ,naid h n a bissus l ! ,m>9e ,mussels1 !y are !re=e nev] atta*$ to "o object2 !y use _! foot z a propell] 9 trav]s+ ! muddy floor ( ! pond or riv]1 & !y h a v funny way ( gett+ along inde$2 fir/1 !y op5 ! valves ( ! %ell1 put out ! foot1 & aft] "s little h>d "w1 manage to set !mselves up on edge2 !y !n proce$ by a s]ies ( j]ks1 leav+ a deepi% furr[ 9 ! mud beh9d !m4 ,we w n[ g to ,fig4 #c1 ! ,sp9$ ,cy!rea1 ! ,cy!rea or ,v5us ,dione ( naturali/s2 ! mean+ ( ! t]m is ! "m ( ,v5us1 :o 01 z y w rememb]1 ! goddess ( beauty1 giv5 to ?is %ell p]haps because x is entitl$ to occupy a place at ! head ( ! ,cy!rea1 a g5us ( ! ,c>diid1 or ,cockle family1 ( :i* g5us !re are ab\t sev5ty-eight liv+ species2 ?is1 z x is ! mo/ r>e1 is also1 p]haps1 ! mo/ beautiful2 x is f\nd 9 ! seas ( ,am]ica1 & is rem>kable = ! r[ ( sp9es on ! h9d] bord] ( ea* valve2 ^! v>y mu* 9 size & numb]1 be+ 9 "s individuals long & f> ap>t1 9 o!rs1 %ort1 ?ick1 & closely set4 ,! col\r ( ! %ell also v>ies consid]ably1 be+ sometimes ( a delicate rose col\r2 at o!rs1 m ( a cl>et2 at o!rs aga91 bord]+ on purple4 ,x 0 = "o ( ! fir/ discov]$ specim5s ( ?is %ell1 t #ajjj is said to h be5 giv54 ,truly a ,v5us ( value ?is2 x ought to be call$ ! ,que5 ( ,cockles6 ,our next example1 7see ,fig4 #d17 is ! ,spott$ ,tridacna1 7,t4 maculatus17 ! latt] t]m signify+ spott$4 ,9 ! ,*amid or ,clam family1 is plac$ ! ,tridacna g5us1 ! discov]$ species ( :i* are n num]\s2 !y are *iefly f\nd 9 ! ,indian seas4 ,! "o above m5tion$ claims pre-em95ce = beauty4 ,we _c q see ! applicability ( ! g5]ic "n2 ,tridacnus1 9 ,lat91 signifies to be eat5 at ?ree bites1 b he mu/ be a man ( l>ge capacity inde$ :o c\ld s dev\r ! head ( ?is family1 ! ,giant ,tradacna1 7,t4 gigas17 a s+le specim5 ( :i* has be5 kn[n to weigh z mu* z five hundr$ & sev5ty p\nds2 f ?ree to f\r hundr$ is by no means an uncommon size4 ,! %ell ( ?is giant mollusk is ( a v picturesque %ape1 some?+ l its spott$ cong5]1 z we call any?+ ( ! same k9d or g5us1 only x is some:at pla9]1 & m deeply ribb$ & ind5t$4 ,! inside is ( a glossy :it5ess1 & x is frequ5tly us$ z a bas9 = g>d5 f\nta9s1 or ! reception ( rills or little jets ( wat]1 :i* sp>kle 9 its /a9less holl[4 ,9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,salpice1 at ,p>is1 is a %ell ( ?is imm5se ,clam1 ! valves ( :i* are us$ z receptacles = holy wat]2 x 0 pres5t$ to ,francis ! ,fir/1 by ! republic ( ,v5ice4 ,fancy ! clapp+ to ( su* a pair ( valves1 :5 ! animal closes its %ell 9 al>m1 & ! /r5g? ( ! cable requir$ to moor x to ! rocks or coral reef4 ,! spott$ species "h figur$ has a solid & heavy %ell1 v elegantly %ap$1 & beautifully m>k$1 z w be se52 ! greatly r$uc$ size ( ! figure prev5ts any?+ l ju/ice be+ done to ! orig9al4 ,illu/ration ,! above is a figure ( ! ,he>t ,isoc>dea1 7,i4 cor17 :i* is also a memb] ( ! ,clam family1 & "o ( ! mo/ elegantly-%ap$ %ells 9 ! :ole range ( ,con*ology4 ,x is a native ( ! ,m$it]ranean & o!r seas ( ,europe1 & has be5 tak5 9 deep wat] on ! ,we/ coa/ ( ,irel&4 ,we complete ?is gr\p ) a repres5tation ( ! curi\s ,arcad family1 or ,ark %ells1 z !y are commonly call$1 because "o ( ! species 0 ?\ght to resemble ! ark built by ,noah4 ,mr4 ,swa9son tells u t ! animals ( ^! %ells affix !mselves to o!r bodies by a p>ticul> muscle1 :i* is protrud$ ?r\gh ! gap+ "p ( ! valves2 !y also adh]e1 :5 "y1 by means ( ! bissi=m epid]mis1 or bissus-l out] sk93 ?is species is a native ( ! ,atlantic ,ocean & ! seas ( ,europe4 ,! ,antique ,ark1 7,a4 antiqua17 is v l ! ,common ,cockle1 be+ ( a :ite col\r1 & he>t-%ap$4 ,we give bel[ a repres5tation ( ?is %ell1 & also ( ! %ell ( ! pretty little ,pe>ly ,trigonia1 7,t4 m>g>itacea17 includ$ 9 ! ,arcad family2 ?is is a r>e species1 f\nd only 9 ! seas ( ,new ,holl&4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,scallop ,,%ells4 ,sev]al species ( ,scallop ,%ells are f\nd scatt]$ ab\t on our %ores2 !y belong1 z be=e /at$1 to ! family ,pect9id1 ! mean+ ( :i* t]m has be5 already expla9$4 ,^! %ells 7 call$ by ,cuvi] 8! ,butt]flies ( ! ,ocean10 on acc\nt ( ! v>i\s & beautiful col\rs :i* !y exhibit4 ,"s ( !m are exce$+ly ?91 & brittle z glass2 "o species f\nd 9 ! ,arctic regions1 is z transp>5t z t sub/ance1 & is !re=e call$ ,p4 vitreus1 f ! ,lat9 = glass1 :i* is vitreum4 ,"o ( ! commone/ ( our native ,scallops is ! ,/4 ,james' ,cockle1 7,p4 ,jacobu27 ?is %ell is f\nd 9 great pl5ty along our s\!rn coa/s2 x is (t5 ref]r$ to by old writ]s1 on acc\nt ( hav+ be5 commonly worn 9 ! hats ( pilgrims to ,pale/9e1 or ! ,holy ,l&1 z ! sc5e ( our ,savi\r's life & dea? 0 call$4 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 9 8 poem call$ 8,! ,pilgrimage10 ?us enum]ates ! diff]5t articles consid]$ necess>y = a ,palm]1 z ^! pilgrims 7 t]m$3-- 8,give me my scallop %ell ( quiet1 ,my /aff ( fai? to lean ^u1 ,my scrip ( joy1 7immortal diet17 ,my bottle ( salvation1 ,my g[n ( glory1 hope's true gage1 ,& ?us ,i'll make my pilgrimage40 ,?is ,mollusk1 x may be notic$1 l _m o!r bivalves1 has a flat1 & a concave or holl[ %ell3 9 e>ly times :5 plates & dr9k+ vessels 7 n s pl5tiful z !y are n[1 "o ( ^! s]v$ ! =m] purpose1 & ! o!r ! latt]2 ?us1 9 speak+ ( a fea/1 a ,gaelic or ,scotti% b>d has said-- 8,! joy ( ! %ell w5t r\nd40 ,sometimes ! species t]m$ ,pect5 op]cul>is1 0 us$ z ! pilgrim's badge2 ! specific "n comes mo/ likely f ! ,lat9 op]culum1 ^: mean+ has be5 expla9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,scallop4 ,?is too1 is a common ,briti% %ell1 z is also ! little speckl$ ,scallop1 7,p4 v>ia17 :i* may be f\nd on almo/ any "p ( ! coa/ :]e ! wat]-l9e is m>g9$ ) a s&y ridge4 ,! %ells are g5]ally ab\t two in*es long1 ( v>i\s col\rs1 cl\d$1 speckl$1 & m>k$ ) ab\t twelve ribs4 ,!re is a =eign species call$ ! ,fl\nd] ,scallop1 ,p4 pleuronectes1 :i* is rem>kable = hav+ ! two valves ( ! %ell ( diff]5t col\rs1 ! upp] "o be+ ( a ri* r$di% br[n1 & ! l[] "o :ite3 ! specific "n has ref]5ce to ?is1 be+ comp\nd$ ( ! ,lat9 pleura--some?+ d\ble1 & necto--to jo94 ,! fi% call$ ! ,fl\nd]1 is br[n above & :ite b5ea?1 h5ce ! ,engli% "n ( ?is %ell4 ,! prec$+ engrav+ ( ! ,common ,scallop1 view$ f ! front1 %[s ! flat & concave =m ( ! two valves ( ?is %ell1 & also ! dep? ( ! ind5tations or ridges4 ,,limpits4 ,among ! rocks ( ! ,briti% coa/1 !re are no %ells m frequ5tly met ) ?an ^? ( ! ,common ,limpit1 ,patella vulgata2 !y lie scatt]$ ab\t l s _m little empty cups1 ea* hav+1 on ! dea? ( ! mollusk1 fall5 f ! rocky cavity 9 :i* x 0 emb$d$1 & :i* 0 j l>ge en\gh to conta9 x4 ,"h ! animal atta*es itself s firmly by its fibr\s foot1 :i* is holl[ 9 ! c5tre1 & acts l a suck]1 t x is almo/ impossible to loos5 its hold o!rwise ?an by ins]t+ some?+ ?91 l ! blade ( a knife betwe5 x & ! /one4 ,by ?is p[] ( adhesion1 ! ,limpit is protect$ f ! viol5ce ( ! waves1 & also f its num]\s enemies1 aquatic birds & animals1 :i* h a reli% = its fle%4 ,/ill va/ numb]s are us$ z food1 bo? by man & ! inf]ior creatures1 s t ! means ( def5ce furni%$ to ! ,limpits ( ! rock1 are n always sure4 8,! peasantry ( ! we/]n isles ( ,scotl&10 we are told by ,miss ,pratt1 8look to ! ,p]iw9kles & ,limpits1 :i* ab\nd on ! rocks1 = _! daily meal1 (t5 = long seasons1 subsi/+ almo/ entirely ^u ?is humble food4 ,9 ! ,isle ( ,skye1 ! inhabitants are (t51 at "o "t ( ! ye>1 )\t any o!r s\rce ( provision40 ,!n comes ! ,sea-gull1 & ! ,duck1 & ! ,pi$ ,oy/]-cat*]1 to fe$ on ! poor little mollusk1 ! bill ( ! latt] bird be+ admirably adapt$ = loos5+ its hold on ! rock4 ,patella 9 ,lat9 signifies a salad-di%1 a knee-pan1 & sev]al o!r dome/ic ut5sils1 ( a broad %all[ make1 & h5ce we f9d ! plural =m ( ! ^w appli$ to ! ,limpit family1 ^: %ells are ( su* a %ape4 ,memb]s ( ?is family are f\nd on all rocky coa/s1 except ^? ( ! ,arctic seas2 on ,tropical rocks !y gr[ to a l>ge size1 & =m a valuable article ( food4 ,a v curi\s piece ( me*anism is ! tongue ( ! ,common ,limpit1 x is f two to ?ree in*es long1 & has a spoon-l extremity1 s t x looks1 :5 ext5d$ f ! m\?1 l a small snake2 if exam9$ ?r\gh a microscope1 x is se5 to be arm$ ?r\gh\t its :ole ext5t ) r[s1 f\r deep1 ( %>p hook$ tee?1 & betwe5 ea* r[ are plac$ two o!rs1 :i* h ?ree po9ts1 & are set 9 a slant+ position2 ! use ( ?is arrangem5t we _c at pres5t det]m9e1 b no d\bt x has a p]fect adaptation to ! wants ( ! animal4 ,!re are %ell-fi% call$ ,key-hole ,limpits1 :i* belong to ! g5us ,fissurellid1 f fissura--a cleft or slip1 f :5ce comes also fissure4 ,all ! memb]s ( ?is g5us are di/+ui%$ by ! ap]ture at ! top ( ! %ell1 %ap$ l a key-hole1 :i* is situat$ exactly ov] ! brea?+ organs1 & s]ves z a *annel = ! wat] necess>y = respiration4 ,frequ5tly ^u ! fronds ( ! l>ge olive sea-we$s may be f\nd a t9y %ell %ap$ some?+ l t ( ! ,common ,limpit2 x is ( an olive gre5 col\r1 ) blue /reaks1 & is call$1 f its cle>ness1 ! ,pellucid ,limpit1 ,p4 pellucida4 ,!re is also ano!r mu* l x 9 appe>ance1 :i* naturali/s call ,p4 lvis4 ,to ! lab\rs ( ^! little mollusks1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,h>vey1 may be p>tly attribut$ ! de/ruction ( ! gigantic ,alg1 7sea-we$47 ,eat+ into ! l[] "p ( ! /ems1 & de/roy+ ! bran*es ( ! roots1 !y s f> weak5 ! base1 t x becomes unable to support ! weight ( ! frond2 & ?us ! plant is deta*$ & driv5 on %ore by ! waves4 8,& s ! =e/ tall t gr[e?1 ,und]nea? ! wat]s cle>1 ,does ! little woodman mollusk1 ,level e ye>2 ,f small causes1 great results-- ,tea*+ y to p]sev]e40 ,,rock-,,bor]s4 ,! family ,pholad comprises a gr\p ( mollusks1 ! bor+ habits ( :i* h long be5 kn[n2 !y p5etrate wood1 h>d clay1 *alk1 & rocks1 & deva/ate ! lab\rs ( man2 !y attack ! hulls ( %ips1 ! piles :i* =m ! f\ndations ( pi]s & break-wat]s1 & !y =ce !mselves ^u our att5tion by ! loss ( prop]ty1 z well z ( life1 :i* results f _! hidd5 depr$ations4 ,( ?is family1 ^? belong+ to ! g5us ,pholus may be m especially lik5$ to ! ,edomites ( ,scripture1 because !y take up _! abode 9 ! rock1 & holl[ out = !mselves dwell+s !re94 ,) a %ell z ?9 z pap]1 & brittle z glass1 ! wond] is h[ ^! ,rock-bor]s "w _! way into & ?r\gh h>d /ones4 ,"s naturali/s ass]t t !y effect ?is by means ( an acid :i* decomposes ! sub/ance ( ! rock1 & r5d]s x s(t2 o!rs1 t ! animal keeps turn+ r\nd & r\nd l an in/rum5t call$ an aug]1 & s gradually rasps away ! surface ( ! /one ) ! angles ( its %ell1 b we "q :e!r ! %ell w\ld n be worn out fir/ 9 su* a process4 ,! g5]ic "n ( ^! 8/one-pi]c]s10 comes f ! ,greek ^w ,pholeo--to hide1 & ! rocky *amb]s :i* !y holl[ out = !mselves1 are z snug hid+-places z c well be imag9$2 yet1 h[ev] deep !y may g into ^! gloomy cav]ns1 z we %\ld be apt to suppose !m1 !y ne$ n be 9 d>kness1 = x appe>s t ^! ,pholades emit a mo/ rem>kable light1 :e!r phosphoresc5t or n does n appe> to be det]m9$2 s /rong is x1 t x is said to illum9ate ! m\? ( ! p]son :o eats ! mollusk2 & x is rem>k$ by ,dr4 ,prie/ly1 t 8contr>y to ! nature ( mo/ fi%1 :i* give light :5 !y t5d to putresc5ce1 ?is is m lum9\s ! fre%] x is1 & :5 dri$ its light w revive on be+ moi/5$ ) wat]40 ,s t 9 m respects ?an "o ^! rock-bor]s are my/]ies4 ,! mo/ common ( !m1 p]haps1 is ! ,prickly ,pidduck1 or ,peck/one1 7,p4 dactylus17 :i* is mu* us$ by ! fi%]m5 ( our coa/s z bait2 ! specific "n is ! ,lat9 = a fruit %ap$ l a f+]1 :i* is some?+ l ! %ape ( ?is mollusk1 z w be se5 by ! annex$ engrav+4 ,illu/ration ,! g5us ,pholus is v widely di/ribut$1 & all ! species h ! same bor+ habits z ^? ( our own coa/1 :i* we ne$ n enum]ate4 ,l !m too 9 ?is respect are ! m>9e worms call$ ,t]$o1 :i* make _! way into ! bottoms ( %ips1 & all subm]g$ timb]1 b ^! w be m fully spok5 ( 9 ano!r volume4 ,! above figure exhibits ! ,pholas dactylus z x appe>s 9 a section ( rock1 split op5 = ! purpose ( see+ ! %elly m9] at 8 "w4 ,,multivalves4 ,we h ins5sibly pass$ f ! ,bivalve %ells to ^? compos$ ( sev]al pieces1 & !re=e call$ ,multivalves2 prop]ly1 p]haps1 ! ,rock-bor]s1 la/ describ$1 come into ?is division1 = al?\gh _! cov]+ consi/s ma9ly ( two pr9cipal portions or valves1 yet !re are (t5 additional p>ts2 9 "s a calc>i\s tube envelopes ! :ole mollusk1 leav+ only an op5+ beh9d2 ?is is m especially ! case ) ^? :i* mo/ resemble worms1 su* z ! g5]a ,t]$9a & ,t]$o1 includ$ by ,lam>ck 9 ! family :i* he calls ,tubulid4 ,! fir/ gr\p ( multivalves we %all h to notice1 are ,,! ,,*itons1 =m+ ! family ,*itonid4 ,! t]m has a ,greek d]ivation1 & means a coat ( mail4 ,^! mollusks are cov]$ by a %ell =m$ ( eight di/9ct portions1 arrang$ along ! back 9 a s+le r[1 & atta*$ to a mantle :i* resembles lea!r1 be+ v t\gh & wr9kl$2 ! edges ( ?is mantle ext5d beyond ! bord]s ( ! plates1 :i* ov]lap ea* o!r1 s z to con/itute a k9d ( arm\r1 v diff]5t f ! conical %ell ( ! ,limpit1 or ! turb9at$1 t is twi/$1 case ( "s ( ! ,bor]s4 ,! cov]+s ( ! ,*itons are v>i\sly m>k$1 s t ea* di/9ct species is kn[n by its peculi> patt]n1 z a knight ( old by ! qu>t]+s ( 8 %ield4 ,all ! mantles1 h[ev]1 h scaly1 hairy1 or sp9y m>g9s4 ,9 ?is coat ( mail1 ! animal c roll itself up l an armadillo1 & s be tol]ably secure f its enemies2 x has an oval foot1 ! sides ( :i* are cov]$ ) small leaflets1 & by means ( ?is x c atta* itself to rocks1 l ! ,limpit1 or travel ab\t 9 se>* ( adv5tures4 ,x has no di/9ct head1 !re=e x is acephal\s2 nor any p]ceptible eyes4 ,! m\? is furni%$ ) a long tongue1 curl$ up spirally1 l a wat*-spr+1 & arm$ ) horny tee?4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,*iton family are num]\s1 be+ f\nd on mo/ rocky %ores2 !y atta9 ! l>ge/ size 9 ! hotte/ climates1 hav+ nev] be5 f\nd v f> nor?4 ,! ,briti% species are small1 & n m ?an two or ?ree 9 numb]2 !y may be f\nd adh]+ to /ones ne> l[-wat] m>k4 ,we give a figure ( "o ( ^! call$ ! ,tuft$ ,*iton1 7,c4 fascicul>is27 ?is ^w is f ! ,lat9 fasciculus--a little bundle ( leaves or fl[]s1 & x ref]s to ! hairy tufts t edge ! mantle ( ?is m>9e slug4 ,illu/ration ,,b>nacles1 ,or1 z !y are sometimes call$1 ,b]nicles1 belong to :at naturali/s t]m ! class ,cirrhopoda1 sometimes spell$ cirrip$a1 :i* appe>s to be d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 cirrus--a tuft or lock ( hair curl$1 & p$e--a foot2 h5ce ! t]m may be translat$ hairy-foot$4 ,su* ( our read]s z h se5 ! ,common or ,duck ,b>nacle1 7,p5talasmis anatif]a17 w at once und]/& ! applicability ( ?is t]m4 ,_m a piece ( drift wood comes to l& lit]ally cov]$ ) long fle%y /alks1 g5]ally ( a purpli% r$ col\r1 twi/+ & curl+ 9 all directions1 & t]m9at+ 9 delicate porcela9-l %ells1 cle> & brittle1 ( a :ite col\r1 j t+$ ) blue1 f betwe5 :i* project ! _m-jo9t$ cirrhi1 or hair-l t5tacles1 :i* s]ve ! purpose ( a ca/+ net1 to seize & drag to ! m\? ( ! animal1 its prey1 :i* consi/s ( small mollusks & cru/acea4 ,?is is ! ,b>nacle ab\t :i* su* /range /ories are told by old writ]s1 :o affirm$ t ! ,b>nacle or ,br5t ,goose1 t 9 w9t] visits our %ores1 is produc$ f ^! fle%y foot-/alks & hairy %ells by a natural process ( gr[?1 or1 z "s philosoph]s ( our day w\ld say1 ( developm5t4 ,g]>d1 :o1 9 #aeig1 wrote a 8,hi/orie ( ,plants10 describes ! process by :i* ! fi% is trans=m$ into ! bird2 tell+ 8 read]s t z 8! %ells gape1 ! legs hang out1 t ! bird gr[+ bigg] & bigg] ! %ells op5 m & m1 till at l5g? x is atta*$ only by ! bill1 soon aft] :i* x drops into ! sea2 !re x acquires fea!rs1 & gr[s to a f[le40 ,!re is an amus+ illu/ration giv5 9 ,g]>d's book1 :]e ! "y ,geese are repres5t$ hang+ on ! bran*es ( trees1 j ready to drop into ! wat]1 :]e a numb] ( ^? t h previ\sly fall51 l ripe fruit1 & atta9$ _! full plumage1 are sail+ ab\t v cont5t$ly4 ,x 0 "p ( ?is !ory t ! ,b>nacles 7 ( vegetable orig91 !y grew ^u trees1 or sprung out ( ! gr\nd l mu%rooms2 s we f9d 9 ! works ( an old poet nam$ ,du ,b>tas1 ^! l9es3-- 8,s sl[ ,bootes und]nea? him sees ,9 ! icy isl&s gosl+s hat*$ ( trees1 ,^: fruitful leaves1 fall+ into ! wat]1 ,are turn$1 z kn[n1 to liv+ f[ls soon aft]2 ,s rott5 planks ( brok5 %ips d *ange ,to ,b>nacles4 ,o trans=mation /range6 ',twas fir/ a gre5 tree1 !n a brok5 hull1 ,lately a mu%room1 n[ a fly+ ,gull40 ,! inve/igations ( mod]n sci5ce h q explod$ ?is fooli% notion2 we n[ "k exactly :at trans=mations ! ,b>nacle und]goes2 /range en\gh "s ( !m are1 b x does n *ange into a ,goose1 al?\gh its specific "n has ref]5ce to t bird1 be+ d]iv$ f anas1 ! ,lat9 = ,goose4 ,! %ell ( ! ,b>nacle is compos$ ( five pieces jo9$ toge!r by membranes2 f\r pieces are lat]al1 t is to say1 !y =m ! sides1 ! ^w comes f ! ,lat9 latus--a side2 ! o!r is a s+le n>r[ slip1 :i* fills :at w\ld o!rwise be an op5 space d[n ! back betwe5 ! valves2 ^! p>ts ( ! %ell appe> to be some:at loosely connect$1 s z to all[ free action to ! animal lodg$ )91 :i* is enclos$ 9 a f9e sk9 or mantle4 ,! m\? is plac$ at ! l[] "p1 ne> ! op5+1 :5ce ! cirrhi issue =?2 ?is m\? is a curi\s piece ( me*anism1 be+ furni%$ ) a horny lip cov]$ ) m9ute palpi1 or feel]s2 !re are ?ree pairs ( m&ibles1 t is jaws1 ! two out] ones be+ horny & s]rat$1 t is jagg$ or too!d l a saw2 ! inn] "o is s(t & membran\s1 t is1 compos$ ( little fibres1 l /r+s1 cross+ ea* o!r1 z we see :at are call$ ! ve9s 9 a leaf4 ,mu* m might be said ab\t ! int]nal /ructure ( ! ,cirrhopods1 or ,balani1 z ! ,b>nacle gr\p is sometimes call$1 f ! ,lat9 ,balanus--a k9d ( acorn4 ,by "s naturali/s1 ! t]m is n appli$ to ! /alk$ ,cirrhipoda1 l t we h be5 describ+1 b only to ! sessile k9ds1 t is1 ^? :i* set close or gr[ l[2 f ! same ,lat9 root comes ! ,engli% ^w session--a settl+4 ,! cov]+s ( ^! ,dw>f ,b>nacles are sometimes call$ acorn %ells2 !y are commonly :ite1 ( an irregul> cone %ape1 compos$ ( sev]al ribb$ pieces1 closely fitt$ toge!r ) an op5+ at ! top1 clos$ by an op]culum1 or /opp]4 ,^! %ells cov] 9 pat*es ! surface ( expos$ rocks1 drift wood1 & any o!r sub/ance4 ,"s ( ! mollusks affix !mselves to ! bodies ( ,:ales1 o!rs =m a lodgm5t 9 ! holl[s ( corals & sponges4 ,once fix$ !y rema9 s dur+ life1 tak+ _! *ance ( su* suitable food z may come )9 _! limit$ sph]e ( action4 ,at an e>li] /age ( _! exi/5ce1 bo? _! %ape & habits are v diff]5t1 be+ lively little creatures1 swimm+ ab\t hi!r & ?i!r l wat]-fleas4 ,!y are ab\t ! t5? ( an in* long1 & ( mo/ grotesque appe>ance1 hav+ six jo9t$ legs set ) hairs1 ! :ole be+ s arrang$ t !y act 9 conc]t1 & /rik+ or flapp+ ! wat]1 s5d ! little body along 9 a s]ies ( b\nds2 !n ! creature has two long arms1 ea* furni%$ ) hooks & a suck]1 & a tail tipp$ ) bri/les1 :i* is usually fold$ up "u ! body2 its pair ( l>ge />+ eyes are p$unculat$1 t is1 set ^u foot-/alks2 x has a h\se on its back1 l a bivalve %ell1 into :i* x c collect its scatt]$ memb]s :5 occasion requires4 ,:5 ( suffici5t age to settle itself 9 life1 & become a /aid memb] ( subm>9e society1 x fixes itself to "s conv5i5t object1 ?r[s away its eyes z no long] useful1 gets rid ( its prepo/]\s limbs1 enl>ges its h\se1 & sits d[n to fi%+ 9 a small way = an hone/ & respectable livelihood4 ,a piece ( timb] cov]$ ) ,/alk$ ,b>nacles1 wriggl+ & twi/+ ab\t l s _m helmet$ snakes1 & wav+ _! plume-l cirrhi1 is a v curi\s sight4 ,!y sometimes atta* !mselves to %ip's bottoms 9 su* numb]s z to ret>d _! progress ?r\gh ! wat]2 !y d n1 h[ev]1 bore into & de/roy ! timb]1 l ! ,t]$9es1 or %ip worms1 to :i* we h allud$ 9 our brief notice ( ! ,pholad4 ,! gr[? ( ,b>nacles mu/ be v rapid1 z a %ip p]fectly free f !m1 w (t5 return aft] a %ort voyage1 ) h] bottom bel[ ! wat] l9e completely cov]$4 ,we give a repres5tation ( a gr\p ( ^! /alk$ mollusks1 z !y appe> affix$ to a piece ( timb]4 ,?is is ! ,common1 or ,duck ,b>nacle4 ,illu/ration ,,cuttle ,,fi%4 ,/range & mon/r\s z are ! =ms ( _m ( ! creatures t inhabit ! deep1 !re are p]haps none m s ?an ^? belong+ to t division ( ! class ,cephalopoda1 call$ ,sepia or ,cuttle-fi%4 ,b be=e we g any fur!r let u enquire :at is meant by a ,cephalopod4 ,our read]s h already le>n$ t ,ga/]opod means /oma* & foot1 & t acephal\s means headless2 n[ "h we h a ^w :i* takes a portion ( ea* ( ! o!rs1 cephal--head1 & p$a1 or poda--a foot1 consequ5tly ceph-a-lo-po-da1 is a class ( mollusc\s animals :i* h _! feet1 or organs ( motion1 arrang$ ar\nd ! head1 some?+1 y may suppose1 l t celebrat$ h]o ( nurs]y rhymes1 8,tom ,toddy1 all head & no body40 ,only our bag-%ap$ ,mr4 ,sepia1 ) 8 great r\nd />+ eyes1 & num]\s legs or arms1 :i*ev] y please to call !m1 all twi/+ & tw9+ ab\t l s _m s]p5ts1 is a mu* m =midable look+ individual4 ,a /range fell[ is ?is altoge!r2 he has a %ell1 b he does n use x = a cov]+1 he c>ries x inside ( him1 & x s]ves ! purpose ( a sort ( back-bone2 x is horny & calc>i\s1 light & por\s1 z our read]s well "k1 hav+ mo/ likely (t5 us$ x to take out unsightly blots1 or erase mi/akes 9 _! copy or cyph]+ books4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,sepia walks abroad1 he /icks 8 little r\nd body upright1 s t 8 eyes1 & m\?1 :i* is arm$ ) a p>rot-l beak1 are br\ght close to ! surface ov] :i* he passes1 :ile 8 long tw9+ legs g sprawl+ ab\t 9 all directions2 on ! insides ( ^! legs are a great numb] ( small circul> suck]s1 by means ( :i* ! animal c fix itself to any object s tightly t x is almo/ impossible to deta* x )\t te>+ (f "p ( ! limb4 ,woe be to ! poor un=tunate fi% t *ances to come 9 its way2 ! snaky arms are ?r[n ar\nd x1 & made fa/1 & away goes ! cephalopod = a ride1 eat+ on ! road to lose no "t1 on ! f9ny /e$ t c>ries x4 ,9 "s species ea* ( ! suck]s has a hook 9 ! c5tre1 :i* ( c\rse r5d]s ! hold yet firm]1 & no d\bt adds to ! disagreeable s5sation :i* _! tight compression mu/ cause2 x is likely t ^! hooks are int5d$ to reta9 ! hold ( s(t & slipp]y prey1 :i* might o!rwise be too agile = ! 8ugly cu/om]10 t w\ld affectionately embrace x4 ,b ,mr4 ,sepia1 ?\gh well arm$ 9 front1 is r op5 to attacks 9 ! re> ( 8 s(t nak$ body2 to provide = su* an em]g5cy1 he is furni%$ ) a little bag ( inky fluid1 :i* he squirts out 9 ! face ( 8 pursu]1 & escapes "u cov] ( ! cl\d2 ?is is ! sub/ance us$ by pa9t]s1 & call$ sepia1 :5ce ! g5]ic "n ( ! mollusks :i* produce x4 ,9 ! ,briti% seas none ( ^! cephalopods atta9 s l>ge a size z to be =midable to man1 z !y d 9 w>m] climates4 ,x 0 ass]t$ by ,d5s1 an old navigator1 t 9 ! ,african seas1 :ile ?ree ( 8 m5 7 employ$ dur+ a calm 9 scrap+ ! sides ( ! vessel1 !y 7 attack$ by a mon/r\s ,cuttle-fi%1 :i* seiz$ !m 9 its arms1 & drew two ( !m "u wat]1 ! ?ird man 0 ) difficulty rescu$ by cutt+ (f "o ( ! creature's limbs1 :i* 0 z ?ick at ! base z ! =e-y>d ( ! %ip1 & _h suck]s z l>ge z ladles2 ! rescu$ sailor 0 s horrifi$ by ! mon/]1 t he di$ deliri\s a few h\rs aft]4 ,an acc\nt is also giv5 ( ano!r crew :o 7 simil>ly attack$ (f ! coa/ ( ,angola2 ! creature ?rew its arms across ! vessel1 & _h ne>ly succe$$ 9 dragg+ x d[n1 & 0 only prev5t$ do+ s by ! sev]+ ( its limbs ) swords & hat*ets4 ,a dilig5t obs]v] ( nature has ass]t$ t 9 ! ,indian seas ,cuttle-fi% are (t5 se5 two fa?oms broad across ! c5tre1 ) arms n9e fa?oms long4 ,only ?9k1 :at a mon/]6 ) a body twelve feet across1 & eight or t5 legs l wat]-snakes1 "s six & ?irty feet long4 ,well may x be said1 t ! ,indians :5 !y g out 9 boats are 9 dread ( su*1 & nev] sail )\t an axe = _! protection4 ,!re is a /ory told by a g5tleman nam$ ,beale1 :o1 :ile se>*+ = %ells ^u ! rocks ( ! ,bon9 ,isl&s1 enc\nt]$ a species ( ,cuttle-fi% call$ by ! :al]s 8! ,rock-squid10 & ra%ly endeav\r$ to secure x4 ,?is cephalopod1 ^: body 0 n bigg] ?an a l>ge cl5*$ h&1 _h t5tacles at lea/ f\r feet across1 & hav+ its retreat to ! sea cut (f by ,mr4 ,beale1 tw9$ its limbs ar\nd t g5tleman's arm1 :i* 0 b>$ to ! %\ld] = ! purpose ( ?ru/+ into holes ( ! rocks aft] %ells1 & endeav\r$ to get its horny beak 9 a position = bit+4 ,! n>rator describes ! sick5+ s5sation ( horror :i* *ill$ 8 v blood1 z he felt ! creature's cold slimy grasp1 & saw its l>ge />+ eyes fix$ on him1 & ! beak op5+ & clos+4 ,he call$ l\dly = help1 & 0 soon jo9$ by 8 companion1 :o reliev$ him by de/roy+ ! ,cuttle-fi% ) a knife1 & deta*+ ! limbs piece by piece4 ,!re are sev]al species ( ^! cephalopods2 ! mo/ g5]ally di/ribut$ appe>s to be ! ,octopus vulg>is1 or ,common ,cuttle-fi%1 :i* is sometimes f\nd on our own %ores1 :]e also may be obta9$ ! ,common ,sepiola1 ,s4 vulg>is1 usually ab\t ?ree in*es long1 & ! ,(fic9al ,cuttle-fi%1 ,s4 ,(fic9alis1 :i* is ab\t a foot 9 l5g?2 we give bel[ small figures ( ea* ( ^! ?ree species1 to %[ ! diff]5ce 9 ! %ape3 ! two la/1 x w be obs]v$1 h1 9 addition to ! eight t5tacles1 :i* give ! g5]ic "n ,octopus1 signify+ eight1 two long side arms1 ! use ( :i* does n appe> to be v cle>ly det]m9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,o4 ,,vulg>is4 ,s4 ,,vulg>is4 ,s4 ,,(fic9alis4 ,,nautilus ,,& ,,ammonite4 ,! ,nautili are call$ te/ace\s cephalopods1 our read]s "k1 or ought to "k1 ! mean+ ( bo? ^! t]ms4 ,l ! ,cuttle-fi% !y are sometimes call$ ,polypi1 because !y h _m arms or t5tacles1 ! ^w poly1 ) :i* a great numb] ( ,engli% words comm5ce1 be+ ! ,greek = _m4 ,an anci5t writ] nam$ ,ari/otle1 aft] describ+ ! nak$ cephalopods1 says1 8,!re are also two polypi 9 %ells2 "o is call$ by "s1 nautilus1 & by o!rs1 nauticus4 ,x is l ! polypus1 b its %ell resembles a holl[ comb or pect51 & is n atta*$4 ,?is polypus ord9>ily fe$s ne> ! sea-%ore2 sometimes x is ?r[n by ! waves on ! dry l&1 & ! %ell fall+ f x1 is caught1 & !re dies4 ,! o!r is 9 a %ell l a snail1 & ?is does n g out ( its %ell1 b rema9s 9 x l a snail1 & sometimes /ret*es =? its cirrhi40 ,! fir/ ( ^! animals1 !re c be no d\bt1 is ! ,argonaut1 or ,pap] ,nautilus1 & ! latt] t :i* is call$ ! ,true ,nautilus1 ( bo? ( :i* species let u say a few words1 :i* we w introduce by quot+ "s beautiful l9es f a poem call$ 8! ,pelican ,isl&10 by ,james ,montgom]y4 8,light z a flake ( foam ^u ! w9d1 ,keel upw>ds f ! deep1 em]g$ a %ell1 ,%ap$ l ! moon ere half h] orb is fill$3 ,fraught ) "y life x right$ z x rose1 ,& mov$ at w along ! yield+ wat]4 ,! native pilot ( ?is little b>k ,put out a ti] ( o>s on ei!r side2 ,spread to ! waft$ breeze a two-fold sail1 ,& m\nt$ up & glid$ d[n ! bill[1 ,9 happy fre$om1 pleas$ to feel ! air1 ,& w&] 9 ! luxury ( light40 ,! t9y m>9] "h allud$ to1 is ! ,pap] ,nautilus1 common 9 ! ,m$it]ranean & "s tropical seas2 its sci5tific "n is ,argonauta argo4 ,9 ! my?ology1 we read t ,argo 0 ! "n ( a %ip t c>ri$ a c]ta9 ,grecian nam$ ,jason1 & a crew ( argives 9 se>* ( adv5tures2 "s say t ! t]m is d]iv$ f a ,greek ^w signify+ swift3 ?is p>ty ( m>9]s1 said to be ! fir/ t ev] sail$ ^u ! sea1 0 call$ ,argonauts1 or1 z x might be freely translat$1 seam5 ( ! %ip ,argo4 ,nauticus1 9 ,lat91 signifies any?+ relat+ to %ips or navigation1 & "h y h ! :ole orig9 ( ! "n ( ?is little ,argonaut1 ab\t :i* we mu/ s+ y a song writt5 by ,m>y ,h[itt1 be=e we proce$ fur!r3-- 8,:o 0 ! fir/ sailor2 tell me :o c2 ,old fa!r ,neptune8--no1 y're wrong1 ,!re 0 ano!r ere ,neptune began2 ,:o 0 he8 tell me4 ,tightly & /rong1 ,ov] ! wat]s he w5t--he w5t1 ,ov] ! wat]s he w5t6 ,:o 0 ! fir/ sailor8 tell me :o c2 ,old fa!r ,noah6--no1 y're wrong1 ,!re 0 ano!r ere ,noah began1 ,:o 0 he8 tell me4 ,tightly & /rong1 ,ov] ! wat]s he w5t--he w5t1 ,ov] ! wat]s he w5t4 ,:o 0 ! fir/ sailor8 tell me :o c2 ,old fa!r ,jason8--no1 y're wrong1 ,!re 0 ano!r ere ,jason began1 ,don't be a blockhead1 boy6 ,tightly & /rong1 ,ov] ! wat]s he w5t--he w5t1 ,ov] ! wat]s he w5t4 ,ha6 'tis n\ght b ! poor little ,nautilus-- ,sail+ away 9 8 pe>ly %ell2 ,he has no ne$ ( a compass l u1 ,f\l or fair wea!r he manages well6 ,ov] ! wat] he goes--he goes1 ,ov] ! wat] he goes40 ,_m m poems ( ! l nature we might quote1 = ?is little %ell$ cephalopod has be5 a fav\rite ) ! poets "t out ( m9d1 & 9 "s in/ances !y & ! less imag9ative naturali/s h disagre$ 9 _! acc\nts ( its =m & op]ations1 = in/ance1 ,pope says-- 8,le>n ( ! little ,nautilus to sail1 ,spread ! ?9 o> & cat* ! driv+ gale40 8,cat* a fiddle-/ick10 say "s naturali/s1 ! little ,nautilus does no?+ ( ! sort2 & if y g to him to le>n navigation1 y w nev] be mu* ( a sailor2 he may tea* y h[ to s9k to ! bottom & rise aga91 & t k9d ( k might be wor? some?+ to y if y c\ld brea! "u wat]2 & he might tea* y h[ to swim1 b n h[ to sail1 = 9 spite ( all poetic !ories1 he does ! =m] & n ! latt]4 ,mo/ usually he walks ab\t at ! bottom ( ! sea on 8 long arms1 some?+ l ! ,cuttle-fi%1 fe$+ on ! m>9e vegetation2 ! %ell is !n upp]mo/2 if we c\ld look inside ( x we %\ld see num]\s little *amb]s or cells1 ! l>g] & out]mo/ ( :i* only are inhabit$ by ! mollusk1 ! o!rs be+ fill$ ) air r5d] ! :ole light & buoyant4 ,?r\gh ! c5tre ( ^! *amb]s1 d[n to ! smalle/ ( !m1 runs a membran\s tube :i* c be exhau/$ or fill$ ) fluid at ! pleasure ( ! animal1 & ! diff]5ce ?us effect$ 9 ! weight ( ! %ell enables x to s9k or swim2 9 ! latt] case1 up x goes to ! surface1 & 8keel upw>ds f ! deep10 em]ges1 z ! poet has said1 b once !re x soon rev]ses its position4 ,! %ell becomes l a boat x is true1 b its inhabitant nei!r po9ts a sail nor plies ! o>1 b propels itself along /em =emo/ by a muscul> action1 :i* by alt]nately compress+ & loos5+ a k9d ( siphon1 ?r[s out jets or gu%es ( wat]1 :i* by ! resi/ance !y meet ) f ! surr\nd+ fluid1 give ! desir$ onw>d motion1 & away ! swimm] goes1 8 long arms ga!r$ closely toge!r1 & /ream+ beh9d l ! tail ( a comet1 & its r\nd eyes keep+ a %>p look-out on ei!r side4 ,%\ld x espy dang]1 ! body & limbs are )drawn into ! %ell1 & ! fluid driv5 ?r\gh ! c5tral tube1 s z to compress ! air 9 ! pe>ly cells1 & d[n s9ks ! swimm] once aga9 to 8 native dep?s1 :]e 8,! floor is ( s& l ! m\nta9 drift1 ,& ! pe>l %ells' spangle ! fl9ty sn[2 ,& f coral rocks ! sea-plants lift ,_! b\ghs :]e ! tides & bill[s fl[1 ,! wat] is calm & /ill bel[4 ,= ! w9ds & waves are abs5t !re2 ,& ! s&s are bright z ! />s t gl[ ,9 ! motionless fields ( upp] air4 ,& life 9 r>e & beautiful =ms1 ,is sport+ amid ^? b[]s ( /one1 ,& is safe1 :5 ! wra?ful _s ( /orms1 ,has made ! top ( ! waves 8 own40 ,we give bel[ two figures ( ! ,argonaut1 "o ( :i* repres5ts him crawl+ at ! bottom ( ! sea1 & ! o!r swimm+ on ! surface4 ,illu/ration ,! ,true1 or ,pe>ly ,nautilus1 7,n4 ,pompilius17 ! orig9 ( ^: specific "n we h be5 unable to discov]1 is mu* l ! ,argonaut 9 appe>ance & g5]al con/ruction2 ! %ell is ext]nally smoo!r & m iridesc5t1 x is also g5]ally some:at ?ick] ?an ! =m] k9d1 & has int]nally m *amb]s or divisions2 its pe>ly lu/re r5d]s x a beautiful ornam5t1 & ! l>ge size x frequ5tly atta9s a v conspicu\s "o4 ,its inhabitant has sev]al peculi>ities ( organization1 :i* di/+ui% x f ! ,argonauts1 b into ^! we ne$ n ent]2 nei!r c we pause to describe ! o!r species ( nautili1 ! %ells ( :i*1 l ^? ( ! ,c[ry & o!r univalves1 are cov]$ ) a membrane :i* hides _! beauty4 ,?is membrane or mantle sometimes ext5ds "s di/ance beyond ! edge ( ! %ell1 &1 be+ ( a light & filmy appe>ance1 may h be5 mi/ak5 = a sail hoi/$ by ! creature to cat* ! breeze1 :ile its long arms1 ?ru/ up into ! air or d[n into ! wat]1 may h be5 ?\ght to be ma/s or o>s1 s t ! poets are n s mu* to be blam$1 if !y say z ,wordswor? does4 8,spread1 t9y ,nautilus1 ! liv+ sail1 ,dive at ?y *oice1 or cat* ! fre%5+ gale40 ,ne>ly alli$ to ! ,nautili are ^! beautiful fossil %ells call$ ,ammonites1 f _! fanci$ resemblance to ! horns ( a hea!n deity or god1 call$ ,jupit] ,ammon4 ,^! %ells1 at once ! wond] & pride ( geologi/s1 are f\nd 9 ! *alk =mations1 & ?\s&s ( ye>s mu/ h pass$ away s9ce !y 7 inhabit$ by liv+ creatures4 ,! ,nautili :i* swam & sport$ ) !m at ! dep?s ( ! ocean1 z is prov$ by ! %ells ( _m species f\nd 9 ! same *alky deposits1 h /ill _! liv+ repres5tatives1 b ^? w9d+ gall]ies & pe>ly *amb]s once fragile z pap] & brittle z glass1 n[ turn$ into1 & surr\nd$ by solid /one1 are all %ells ( ext9ct species1 & we c h>dly see & h&le !m )\t "s degree ( awe & rev]5ce2 :5 we reflect on ! great & wond]ful *anges t h pass$ ov] ! e>? s9ce !y 7 =m$ by a h& div9e1 in/9ct ) ! brea? ( life1 & !n to be emb$d$ 9 ! rock z ev]la/+ *>act]s by :i* ! unborn g5]ations ( m5 might read 9 hi/ory ( ^? *anges1 & ( ! provid5tial deal+s ( ,god ) 8 creatures4 ,( ^! ,ammonites1 & o!r fossil %ells1 mu* m w h to be said 9 our propos$ geological volume2 ! poem :i* foll[s w v appropriately conclude ! above rem>ks1 & our pres5t little "w on %ells--beautiful1 wond]ful %ells6 useful1 ornam5tal1 in/ructive6 ,! subject is "o :i* we w\ld e>ne/ly invite our "y read]s to /udy3 x is b "h introduc$2 we h pick$ up a few1 v few1 ( ! wond]s & beauties ( con*ology1 & pres5t$ !m to _! notice 9 ! hope t !y may be induc$ to desire a m intimate acqua9tance ) ?is bran* ( natural sci5ce1 :i* has be5 hi!rto greatly neglect$4 ,to und]/& x ?or\ghly1 mu* att5tion & p]sev]ance w be requir$1 b ev5 a slight acqua9tance ) x w yield bo? pleasure & pr(it to ! m9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nautilus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ammonite4 ,,! ,,nautilus ,,& ,,! ,,ammonite4 ,! ,nautilus & ! ,ammonite1 ,7 laun*$ 9 /orm & /rife2 ,ea* s5t to float 9 its t9y boat1 ,on ! wide1 wild sea ( life4 ,& ea* c\ld swim on ! ocean's brim1 ,& anon its sails c\ld furl1 ,& s9k to sleep 9 ! great sea deep1 ,9 a palace all ( pe>l4 ,& _!'s 0 a bliss m fair ?an ?is1 ,t we feel 9 our cold] "t2 ,= !y 7 rife 9 a tropic life1 ,9 a bright]1 happi] clime4 ,!y swam 'mid isles ^: summ] smiles ,no w9try w9ds annoy2 ,^: groves 7 palm1 ^: air 0 balm1 ,^: life 0 only joy4 ,!y roam'd all day ?r\gh creek & bay1 ,& trav]s'd ! ocean deep2 ,& at night !y sank on a coral bank1 ,9 its fairy b[]s to sleep4 ,& ! mon/]s va/ ( ages pa/1 ,!y beheld 9 _! ocean caves2 ,& saw !m ride 9 _! p[] & pride1 ,& s9k 9 _! bill[y graves4 ,?us h& 9 h&1 f /r& to /r&1 ,!y sail'd 9 mir? & glee2 ,^? fairy %ells1 ) _! cry/al cells1 ,tw9 creatures ( ! sea4 ,b !y came at la/ to a sea long pa/1 ,& z !y rea*'d its %ore1 ,! ,almighty's brea? spake out 9 dea?1 ,& ! ,ammonite liv'd no m4 ,& ! ,nautilus n[ 9 its %elly pr[1 ,z o'er ! deep x /rays1 ,/ill seems to seek 9 bay & creek1 ,its companion ( o!r days4 ,& ?us d we1 9 life's /ormy sea1 ,z we roam f %ore to %ore2 ,:ile tempe/-to/1 seek ! lov'd--! lo/1 ,b f9d !m on e>? no m6 ,g4 ,f4 ,,ri*>dson4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iii4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iv4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,v4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vi4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vii4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,viii4 ,,index4 ,,page4 ,,introduction4 ,:at are ,%ells iii ,con*ology iv ,beauty & ,value ( ,%ells vi ,uses ( ,%ells viii ,! ,inhabitants ( ,%ells xi ,malacology ib ,classification ( ,%ells xii ,tak+ & ,pres]v+ ,%ells xiii ,! ,cab9et ib ,on ,clean+ & ,poli%+ ,%ells xv ,fossil ,%ells ib ,,univalves4 ,! ,common ,snail #ah ,fre%-wat] ,%ells #bc ,! ,:elk #bf ,rock ,%ells #bg ,p]iw9kle #bi ,tro*us1 or ,top-,%ell #ca ,cones1 ,volutes1 ,mitres1 & ,olives #ce ,c[ries #ch ,,bivalves4 ,! ,oy/] #da ,pe>ls #di ,! ,mussel & ! ,cockle #ea ,scallop ,%ells #eg ,limpits #ei ,bock-bor]s #fa ,,multivalves4 ,! ,*itons #fc ,b>nacles #fd ,cuttle ,fi% #fg ,nautilus & ,ammonite #ga ,,works ,,by ,h4 ,g4 ,,adams4 ,second ,edition1 ,col\r$ ,illu/rations1 elegantly b\nd1 price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,fav\rite ,,song ,,birds4 ,conta9+ a description ( ! ,fea!r$ ,song/]s ( ,brita91 ) an acc\nt ( _! ,haunts1 ,habits1 & ,*>act]i/ic ,traits2 int]sp]s$ ) *oice passages f ! ,poets1 & quotations f em95t ,naturali/s4 ,9 ,fcap4 #hvo4 clo?1 ) ,vignette ,portraits1 price #fs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,cyclop,,dia ,,( ,,poetical ,,quotations4 ,consi/+ ( ,*oice ,passages f ! ,poets ( e age & c\ntry1 classifi$ "u di/9ct heads1 & alphabetically arrang$ = ready ref]5ce4 ,9 ,fcap4 #hvo41 clo?1 ) ,vignette ,portraits1 price #fs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,cyclop,,dia ,,( ,,sacr$ ,,poetical ,,quotations4 ,classifi$ & arrang$ "u ,subject ,head+s1 illu/rat$ by /rik+ ,passages f ,scripture1 & =m+ altoge!r a ,complete ,book ( ,devotional ,poetry4 ,,! ,,"y ,,naturali/',s ,,libr>y4 ,price #as4 ea*1 9 ,ornam5tal ,cov]2 #as4 #f;d41 ,clo? ,gilt4 ,i4 ,,ne/s ,,& ,,eggs ,,( ,,famili> ,,briti% ,,birds4 ,) ,eight ,plates1 conta9+ ,=ty-eight ,figures ( ,eggs1 drawn & col\r$ f ,nature4 ,,ii4 ,,beautiful ,,butt]flies--,,briti% ,,species4 ,conta9+ ! ,hi/ory ( a ,butt]fly ?r\gh all its *anges & trans=mations2 ) ,eight ,col\r$ ,plates1 illu/rat+ ,tw5ty-two ,species4 ,,iii4 ,,beautiful ,,%ells4 ,_! ,nature1 ,/ructure1 & ,uses famili>ly expla9$2 ) ,eight ,col\r$ ,plates1 & num]\s ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,,iv4 ,,humm+ ,,birds1 ,describ$ & ,illu/rat$1 & an ,introductory ,sket* on _! ,/ructure1 ,plumage1 etc42 ) ,eight ,col\r$ ,plates1 & sev]al ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,,london3 ,,groombridge ,,& ,,sons1 #e1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 ,,n[ ,,publi%+4 ,,l[e',s ,,=eign ,,f]ns4 ,a ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,f]ns1 ,exotic & ,briti%1 9 ,mon?ly ,p>ts1 ,price ,"o ,%ill+2 ea* ,"p conta9+ ,f\r ,col\r$ ,plates1 & num]\s ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,,l[e1 ,,esq41 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,f4,g4,s41 etc4 8,x is really ! *eape/ "w = its excell5ce we h ev] se540--,a!num4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,briti% ,,birds4 ,by ! ,,rev4 ,f4 ,o4 ,,morris1 ,b4 ,a4 ,9 #as4 ,p>ts1 ,royal #hvo42 ea* conta9+ ,f\r ,accurately-,col\r$ ,engrav+s4 ,vol4 #e ,complet$1 price #ags41 ,clo? ,gilt4 ,cases = b9d+ ! ,vols41 #bs4 ea*4 ,a ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,ne/s ,,& ,,eggs ,,( ,,briti% ,,birds4 ,by ! ,,rev4 ,f4 ,o4 ,,morris1 ,b4 ,a41 ,9 #as4 ,p>ts1 ,royal #hvo42 ea* conta9+ ,f\r ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,vol4 #c ,complet$1 price #bas4 ,cases = b9d+ ! ,vols41 #bs4 ea*4 ,a ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,briti% ,,butt]flies4 ,by ! ,,rev4 ,f4 ,o4 ,,morris1 ,b4 ,a4 ,9 #a ,vol41 ,royal #hvo41 price #bjs4 ,x may also be _h 9 #as4 ,p>ts4 ,case = b9d+ ! ,vol41 #bs4 ,a ,,bible ,,natural ,,hi/ory4 ,by ! ,,rev4 ,f4 ,o4 ,,morris1 ,b4 ,a4 ,9 ,imp]ial #afmo41 price #ajs4 #f;d41 ,clo?1 ) #afj ,col\r$ ,engrav+s4 ,to be _h also 9 #bj ,p>ts at #f;d41 ea* conta9+ ,eight ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,natural ,,hi/ory4 ,by ! ,,rev4 ,f4 ,o4 ,,morris1 ,b4 ,a4 ,9 ,imp]ial #afmo41 price #ajs4 #f;d41 ,clo?1 ) #afj ,col\r$ ,engrav+s4 ,,! ,,naturali/2 a ,magaz9e ( ,natural ,hi/ory 9 all its bran*es4 ,conduct$ by ! ,,rev4 ,f4 ,o4 ,,morris1 ,b4,a4 ,publi%$ on ! #a/4 ( ea* mon? 9 ,royal #hvo41 #bd pages1 price #f;d41 ) occasional ,engrav+s4 ,,! ,,dahlia3 its ,hi/ory & ,cultivation1 ) ,descriptions ( all ! be/ ,%[ ,fl[]s4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,hogg4 ,royal #hvo41 price #bs4 #f;d41 illu/rat$ ) ,n9e ,col\r$ ,plates1 f ,orig9al ,draw+s1 expressly execut$ = ?is ,"w1 by ,,james ,,&rews4 ,,! ,,indian ,,wife2 a ,tale4 ,by ,o4 ,s4 ,,r\nd1 ,,esq4 ,price ,"o ,%ill+4 ,,london3 ,,groombridge ,,& ,,sons1 #e1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4