,,g>d5+ ,,= ,,ladies4 ,mrs4 ,,l\don's ,,g>d5+ ,,= ,,ladies4 ,,london3 ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet4 #ahdj4 ,,in/ructions ,,9 ,,g>d5+ ,,= ,,ladies4 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,l\don1 ,,au?or ,,( 8,,! ,,ladies' ,,fl[] ,,g>d510 c4 ,,london3 ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet4 #ahdj4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,/ew>t ,,& ,,murray1 ,,old ,,bailey4 ,,to ,j4 ,c4 ,,l\don1 ,,esq4 ,f4,l4,s4 ,h4,s4 ,z4,s41 ,,etc4 ,,etc4 ,,to ,,:om ,,! ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,pages ,,owes ,,all ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,subject ,,%e ,,possesses1 ,,?is ,,"w ,,is ,,d$icat$ ,,by ,,8 ,,affectionate ,,wife1 ,j4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,introduction4 ,:5 ,i m>ri$ ,mr4 ,l\don1 x is sc>cely possible to imag9e any p]son m completely ignorant ?an ,i 01 ( e ?+ relat+ to plants & g>d5+2 &1 z may be easily imag9$1 ,i f\nd e "o ab\t me s well acqua9t$ ) ! subject1 t ,i 0 soon he>tily a%am$ ( my ignorance4 ,my husb&1 ( c\rse1 0 q z anxi\s to tea* me z ,i 0 to le>n1 & x is ! result ( 8 in/ructions1 t ,i n[ 7aft] t5 ye>s exp]i5ce ( _! efficacy7 wi% to make public = ! b5efit ( o!rs4 ,i d ?is1 because ,i ?9k books int5d$ = pr(essional g>d5]s1 are seldom suitable to ! wants ( amateurs4 ,x is s v difficult = a p]son :o has be5 acqua9t$ ) a subject all 8 life1 to imag9e ! /ate ( ignorance 9 :i* a p]son is :o kn[s no?+ ( x1 t adepts (t5 f9d x impossible to communicate ! k !y possess4 ,?us1 ?\gh x may at fir/ sight appe> presumptu\s 9 me to attempt to tea* an art ( :i* = ?ree f\r?s ( my life ,i 0 p]fectly ignorant1 x is 9 fact t v circum/ance :i* is "o ( my *ief qualifications = ! task4 ,hav+ be5 a full-gr[n pupil myself1 ,i "k ! wants ( o!rs 9 a simil> situation2 & hav+ nev] be5 satisfi$ )\t kn[+ ! reason = e ?+ ,i 0 told to d1 ,i am able to imp>t ^! reasons to o!rs4 ,?us my read]s w be able to judge = !mselves1 & to adapt _! practice to ! circum/ances 9 :i* !y may be plac$4 ,su* is ! nature & purport ( ! pres5t "w1 & ,i h only to add t ,i h sp>$ no pa9s to r5d] x z p]fect z ,i c\ld make x4 ,! engrav+s h be5 made "h f draw+s ( specim5s previ\sly prep>$1 & ,i c !re=e v\* = _! accuracy4 ,j4 ,w4 ,l4 ,bayswat]1 ,may #ba1 #ahdj4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,,introduction v ,,*apt] ,i4 ,/irr+ ! soil #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,manur+ ! soil1 & mak+ hotb$s #bc ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,s[+ se$s--plant+ bulbs & tub]s--transplant+ & wat]+ #dc ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,modes ( propagation by division2 viz43 tak+ (f suck]s1 mak+ lay]s & cutt+s1 budd+1 graft+1 & in>*+ #gj ,,*apt] ,v4 ,prun+1 tra9+1 protect+ f fro/1 & de/roy+ insects #aaj ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! kit*5-g>d5--! managem5t ( cul9>y vegetables #acd ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! kit*5-g>d5 cont9u$--! managem5t ( fruit trees #aie ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! fl[]-g>d51 & ! culture ( fl[]s #bdd ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,managem5t ( ! lawn1 pleasure-gr\nds1 & %rubb]y1 ( a small villa #cja ,,*apt] ,x4 ,rock-"w1 moss-h\ses1 ru/ic baskets1 & f\nta9s #cbi ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,w9d[ g>d5+1 & ! managem5t ( plants 9 pots 9 small gre5-h\ses #cdg ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,cal5d> ( op]ations #cgd ,,g>d5+ ,,= ,,ladies4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,/irr+ ,,! ,,soil4 ,digg+4--,e "o kn[s t ! fir/ op]ation ( ! g>d5]1 :e!r a new g>d5 is to be made1 or m]ely an old "o re-plant$1 is to dig ! gr\nd2 ?\gh b comp>atively few p]sons are aw>e :y ?is is s ess5tially necess>y to be done4 ,:5 a piece ( r\gh gr\nd is to be tak5 into cultivation1 & a g>d5 made :]e !re 0 none be=e1 ! use ( digg+ is obvi\s en\gh2 z ! gr\nd requires to be levell$1 & divid$ by walks1 & ?r[n up into b$s1 to give x ! %ape & appe>ance ( a g>d51 :i* c\ld n be done )\t /irr+ ! soil3 b :y ! b$s 9 an old g>d5 %\ld be always dug or =k$ ov]1 be=e !y are re-plant$1 is q ano!r "q1 & "o t x requires "s consid]ation to answ]4 ,:5 any soil1 except s& or loose gravel1 rema9s un/irr$ = any l5g? ( "t1 x becomes h>d1 & its p>ticles adh]e s firmly toge!r z n to be sep>at$ )\t manual =ce4 ,x is q cle> t :5 soil is 9 ?is /ate1 x is unfit = ! reception ( se$s2 z ! t5d] roots ( ! "y plants w n be able to p5etrate x ?r\gh )\t great difficulty1 & nei!r air nor wat] c rea* !m 9 suffici5t quantities to make !m ?rive4 ,:5 a se$ is put into ! gr\nd1 x is ! w>m? & moi/ure by :i* x is surr\nd$ t make x vegetate4 ,x fir/ swells1 & ! sk9 ) :i* x is cov]$ cracks & peels (f2 !n two %oots issue f ! vital knot1 7a po9t easily discov]able 9 l>ge se$s17 "o ( :i* desc5ds & is call$ ! root1 :ile ! o!r asc5ds to =m ! leaves1 /em1 fl[]s1 & fruit4 ,?is is :at is meant by ! g]m9ation ( ! se$1 & ?is may be effect$ by ! aid ( heat & moi/ure alone1 z is done ) mu/>d & cress1 :5 rais$ on wet flannel 9 a sauc]4 ,b plants rais$ 9 ?is mann] _c be ( long duration2 z1 ?\gh !y w live = a %ort "t on ! album5 conta9$ 9 ! se$1 on :i* !y fe$1 z ! *ick5 does on ! n\ri%m5t conta9$ 9 ! egg1 ?is is soon exhau/$1 & ! plant w die if n suppli$ ) fre% food1 :i* x c only obta9 by means ( ! root4 ,?us1 ! root is necess>y1 n only to =m a base to support ! plant & to keep x upright1 b to supply x ) food2 & nature has giv5 x a t5d5cy to bury itself 9 ! gr\nd1 n only to enable ! plant to take a firm hold ( ! soil1 b to pres]ve ! root 9 a fitt+ /ate = absorb+ food1 :i* x c only d :5 x is kept w>m1 moi/1 & seclud$ f ! light4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! root is fitt$ = ! purposes = :i* x 0 design$1 af=ds an admirable illu/ration ( ! c>e & wisdom display$ by ! ,great ,creator 9 all 8 works4 ,9 nature no?+ is sup]flu\s1 & yet ev]y?+ has be5 provid$ =4 ,x has be5 already obs]v$1 t ! two pr9cipal uses ( ! root are to give ! plant a firm hold ( ! gr\nd1 & to supply x ) food4 ,= ! fir/ purpose ! root ei!r spreads s widely ?r\gh ! surface soil z to =m a suffici5t base = ! height ( ! plant1 or x desc5ds a suffici5t dep? into ! e>? to /eady ! "p above gr\nd2 & 9 ei!r case ! gr[? ( ! plant is wisely & wond]fully proportion$ to ! /r5g? ( ! support :i* ! root af=ds x4 ,= ! second purpose1 t ( supply+ ! plant ) n\ri%m5t1 ! root divides at ! extremity ( ea* %oot into num]\s fibres or fibrils1 ea* furni%$ at its extremity ) a spongiole or spongy sub/ance1 :i* af=ds ! only means ! plant possesses ( absorb+ ! moi/ure necess>y = its support4 ,x is ?us q cle>1 t e ?+ t t5ds to n\ri% & increase ! gr[? ( ! root1 mu/ contribute to ! heal? & vig\r ( ! re/ ( ! plant2 & t no plant c ?rive1 ! root ( :i* is cramp$ 9 its gr[?1 or weak5$ = want ( n\ri%m5t4 ,?is be+ all[$1 x is evid5t t ! fir/ /ep t[>ds promot+ ! gr[? ( any plant is to provide a fitt+ receptacle = ! root2 & ?is is done by pulv]iz+ ! gr\nd 9 :i* ! se$ is to be s[n s z to r5d] x 9 a fit /ate = ! roots to p5etrate x easily4 ,?us !y w nei!r be *eck$ 9 _! gr[? = want ( room1 nor be oblig$ to wa/e _! /r5g? 9 ov]com+ unnecess>y ob/acles2 su* z tw9+ !mselves r\nd a /one1 or try+ to =ce _! way ?r\gh a h>d clod ( e>?4 ,! second po9t ( af=d+ ! root abundance ( n\ri%m5t may also be obta9$ by pulv]iz+ ! gr\nd2 z pulv]ization1 by admitt+ ! ra9 to p]colate sl[ly ?r\gh ! soil1 enables x to absorb & reta9 suffici5t moi/ure to af=d a prop] & equable supply ( food to ! spongioles1 )\t suff]+ ! surplus wat] to rema9 s z to be 9 dang] ( rott+ ! ma9 roots4 ,^! !n are ! reasons :y x may be laid d[n z a g5]al rule1 t all gr\nd %\ld be /irr$ be=e se$s are s[n 9 x2 b !re are o!r reasons :i* op]ate only p>tially1 & are yet almo/ z necess>y to be att5d$ to4 ,:5 manure is appli$1 ! gr\nd is g5]ally well dug1 9 ord] to mix ! manure intimately ) ! soil2 & :5 ! soil appe>s worn out1 or poison$ ) excrem5titi\s matt]1 f ! same k9d ( plants be+ too long gr[n 9 x1 x is tr5*$2 t is1 ! upp] or surface soil is tak5 (f by spadefuls & laid on "o side1 & ! bottom or sub-soil is tak5 out to a c]ta9 dep? previ\sly agre$ on1 & laid 9 ano!r heap4 ,! surface soil is !n ?r[n into ! bottom ( ! tr5*1 & ! sub-soil laid on ! surface1 & ?us a completely new & fre% soil is (f]$ to ! plants4 ,^! p>tial uses ( digg+ %\ld1 h[ev]1 always be appli$ ) great caution1 z 9 "s cases manure does bett] laid on ! surface1 s t its juices only may dra9 into ! gr\nd1 ?an :5 x is intimately mix$ ) ! soil2 & !re are cases :51 f ! sub-soil be+ ( an inf]ior quality1 tr5*+ mu/ be manife/ly injuri\s4 ,reason & exp]i5ce are1 9 ^! cases1 z 9 mo/ o!rs1 ! be/ guides4 ,! uses ( digg+ hav+ be5 ?us expla9$1 x is n[ necess>y to say some?+ ( its practice1 & p>ticul>ly ( its applicability to ladies4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t digg+ appe>s1 at fir/ sight1 a v labori\s employm5t1 & "o peculi>ly unfitt$ to small & delicately =m$ h&s & feet2 b1 by a little att5tion to ! pr9ciples ( me*anics & ! laws ( motion1 ! lab\r may be mu* simplifi$ & r5d]$ comp>atively easy4 ,! op]ation ( digg+1 z p]=m$ by a g>d5]1 consi/s 9 ?ru/+ ! iron "p ( ! spade1 :i* acts z a w$ge1 p]p5dicul>ly into ! gr\nd by ! application ( ! foot1 & !n us+ ! long h&le z a lev]1 to raise up ! loos5$ e>? & turn x ov]4 ,! quantity ( e>? ?us rais$ is call$ a spitful1 & ! g>d5]1 :5 he has turn$ x1 *ops x to break ! clods1 ) ! %>p edge ( 8 spade1 & levels x ) ! back4 ,dur+ ! :ole op]ation1 ! g>d5] holds ! cross "p ( ! h&le ( ! spade 9 8 "r-h&1 :ile he grasps ! smoo? r\nd l[] "p ( ! h&le 9 8 left1 to assi/ him 9 rais+ ! e>? & turn+ x1 slid+ 8 left h& backw>ds & =w>ds along ! h&le1 z he may f9d x necess>y4 ,?is is ! common mode ( digg+1 & x c]ta9ly appe>s to require consid]able /r5g? 9 ! foot to =ce ! spade into ! gr\nd1--9 ! arms to raise x :5 load$ ) ! e>? t is to be turn$ ov]1--& 9 ! h&s to grasp ! h&le4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t all op]ations t are effect$ rapidly by ! ex]tion ( great p[]1 may be effect$ sl[ly by ! ex]tion ( v little p[]1 if t comp>atively feeble p[] be appli$ = a mu* great] l5g? ( "t4 ,= example1 if a l9e be drawn by a *ild 9 ! e>? ) a light cane1 & ! cane be drawn five or six times successively along ! same l9e1 x w be f\nd t a furr[ has be5 made 9 ! soil ) sc>cely any ex]tion by ! *ild1 t ! /ronge/ man c\ld n make by a s+le ef=t ) all 8 =ce4 ,9 ! same way a lady1 ) a small light spade may1 by tak+ "t1 succe$ 9 do+ all ! digg+ t c be requir$ 9 a small g>d51 ! soil ( :i*1 if x has be5 long 9 cultivation1 c nev] be v h>d or difficult to p5etrate1 & %e w n only h ! satisfaction ( see+ ! g>d5 creat$1 z x 71 by ! lab\r ( h] own h&s1 b %e w f9d h] heal? & spirits wond]fully improv$ by ! ex]cise1 & by ! reviv+ smell ( ! fre% e>?4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,lady',s ,,gauntlet4 ,! fir/ po9t to be att5d$ to1 9 ord] to r5d] ! op]ation ( digg+ less labori\s1 is to provide a suitable spade2 t is1 "o :i* %all be z light z is consi/5t ) /r5g?1 & :i* w p5etrate ! gr\nd ) ! lea/ possible tr\ble4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! blade ( :at is call$ a lady's spade is made ( n m ?an half ! usual bread?1 say n wid] ?an five in*es or six in*es1 & ( smoo? poli%$ iron1 & x is surm\nt$1 at ! "p :]e x jo9s ! h&le1 by a piece ( iron r broad] ?an itself1 :i* is call$ ! tread1 to s]ve z a re/ = ! foot ( ! op]ator :ile digg+4 ,! h&le is ab\t ! usual l5g?1 b q smoo? & suffici5tly sl5d] = a lady's h& to grasp x1 & x is made ( will[1 a close1 smoo?1 & ela/ic wood1 :i* is t\gh & tol]ably /rong1 ?\gh mu* light] ?an a%1 ! wood g5]ally us$ = ! h&les to g>d5]s' spades4 ,! lady %\ld also be provid$ ) clogs1#a ! soles ( :i* are n jo9t$1 to put ov] h] %oes1 or if %e %\ld dislike ^! & pref] /rong %oes1 %e %\ld be provid$ ) :at g>d5]s call a tramp1 t is1 a small plate ( iron to g "u ! sole ( ! %oe1 & :i* is fa/5$ r\nd ! foot ) a lea!rn /rap & buckle4 ,%e %\ld also h a pair ( /iff ?ick lea!rn gloves1 or gauntlets1 to protect h] h&s1 n only f ! h&le ( ! spade1 b f ! /ones1 we$s1 c41 :i* %e may turn ov] ) ! e>?1 & :i* ought to be pick$ out & ?r[n into a small1 light :eel-b>r[1 :i* may easily be mov$ f place to place4 ,footnote #a3 ,p]haps ! mo/ useful cov]+ = ! feet is a k9d ( clog & gait] comb9$2 :i* may be made ( "s s(t ela/ic lea!r1 & r5d]$ p]fectly wat]pro(1 by ! new prep>ation :i* is n[ employ$ in/ead ( ca\t*\c1 & is pref]able to t gum1 z x does n imp$e p]spiration4 ,a :eel-b>r[ is a lev] ( ! second k9d1 9 :i* ! weight is c>ri$ betwe5 ! op]ator1 :o is ! mov+ p[]1 & ! fulcrum1 :i* is repres5t$ by ! l[] "p ( ! :eel4 ,if x be s contriv$ t ! :eel may roll on a plank1 or on firm gr\nd1 a v slight p[] is suffici5t to move ! load conta9$ 9 ! b>r[2 p>ticul>ly if ! h&les be long1 curv$1 & ?r[n up z high z possible1 9 ord] to let ! weight re/ pr9cipally ^u ! :eel1 )\t oblig+ ! op]ator to b5d =w>d4 ,:51 on ! contr>y1 ! h&les are %ort & /raight1 ! weight is ?r[n pr9cipally on ! arms ( ! op]ator1 & mu* m /r5g? is requir$ to move ! load1 besides ! inconv5i5ce ( /oop+4 ,all ! necess>y implem5ts = digg+ be+ provid$1 ! next ?+ to be consid]$ is ! easie/ mann] ( p]=m+ ! op]ation4 ,! usual way is = ! g>d5] to ?ru/ 8 spade p]p5dicul>ly into ! gr\nd1 & !n us+ ! h&le z a lev]1 to draw x back s z to raise ! :ole mass ( e>? 9 front ( ! spade at once4 ,?is requires great /r5g?2 b by ins]t+ ! spade 9 a slant+ direction1 & ?r[+ ! body slightly =w>d at ! same "t1 ! mass ( e>? to be rais$ w n only be mu* less1 b ! body ( ! op]ator w be 9 a mu* m conv5i5t position = rais+ & turn+ x2 :i* may ?us be done ) p]fect ease4 ,! "t = digg+ %\ld always be *os51 if possible1 :5 ! gr\nd is tol]ably dry2 n only on acc\nt ( ! dang] ( tak+ cold by /&+ on ! damp e>?1 b because ! soil1 :5 damp1 adh]es to ! spade1 & is mu* m difficult to "w 7z ! g>d5]s call x17 ?an :5 x is dry4 ,! gr\nd 9 fields1 c4 becomes v h>d 9 dry wea!r2 b ?is is nev] ! case 9 a g>d51 ! soil ( :i* is well pulv]iz$ by ! con/ant digg+1 =k+1 hoe+ & rak+ x mu/ und]go1 to keep ! g>d5 tol]ably neat4 ,e lady %\ld be c>eful1 :5 %e has f9i%$ digg+1 to h h] spade dipp$ 9 wat]1 & !n wip$ dry2 aft] :i* x %\ld be hung up 9 "s w>m dry %$1 or h>ness room1 to keep x free f ru/2 z no?+ less5s ! lab\r ( digg+ m ?an hav+ a p]fectly smoo? & poli%$ spade4 ,%\ld ! e>? adh]e to ! spade :ile digg+1 dipp+ ! blade 9 wat] occasionally1 w be f\nd to facilitate ! op]ation4 ,! purposes = :i* digg+ is appli$ 9 g>d5+ are3 simple digg+ = loos5+ ! soil 9 ord] to prep>e x = a crop2 po9t+2 bury+ manure2 expos+ ! soil to ! action ( ! wea!r2 tr5*+2 ridg+2 =m+ pits = plant+ trees & %rubs1 or = fill+ ) *oice soil = s[+ se$s2 & tak+ up plants :5 !y are to be remov$4 ,9 simple digg+1 z well z 9 mo/ ( ! o!r k9ds1 x is cu/om>y to divide ! b$ to be dug1 by a g>d5-l9e1 into two p>ts3 a tr5*1 or furr[ z x is call$1 is !n op5$ across "o ( ^! divisions or half ( ! b$1 ! e>? out ( :i* is ?r[n up into a heap4 ,! digg+ !n comm5ces by turn+ ov] a bread? ( soil into ! furr[ ?us made1 & ?us =m+ a new furr[ to be fill$ up by ! soil turn$ ov] f ! bread? beyond x2 & ?is is cont9u$ till ! op]ator rea*es ! end ( ! fir/ division1 :]e ! furr[ is to be fill$ ) ! e>? tak5 f ! fir/ furr[ ( ! second division2 aft] :i* ! digg+ proce$s regul>ly z be=e1 till ! op]ator rea*es ! la/ furr[1 :i* is fill$ ) ! ridge ( e>? ?r[n up :5 ! fir/ furr[ 0 made4 ,z few ladies are /rong en\gh to ?r[ ! e>? f ! heap :]e x 0 laid f ! fir/ furr[ to fill ! la/1 ! be/ way is to put x into a small :eel-b>r[1 :i* may be :eel$ to ! place requir$1 & fill$ & empti$ z (t5 z may be f\nd conv5i5t2 or ! gr\nd may be divid$ into n>r[] /rips4 ,x mu/ also be obs]v$1 t z a spitful ( e>? tak5 up obliquely w be seldom f\nd en\gh to loos5 ! soil to a prop] dep?1 a second or ev5 a ?ird %\ld be tak5 f ! same place be=e ! op]ator advances any fur!r along ! l9e4 ,or ! :ole ( ea* furr[ may fir/ be made %all[1 & !n deep5$ by successive digg+s be=e proce$+ to ! next furr[4 ,x is obvi\s t ! great art 9 ?is k9d ( digg+ is to keep ! furr[s /raight1 & n to take up m e>? 9 "o place ?an 9 ano!r1 s t ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 :5 f9i%$1 may be p]fectly ev54 ,to keep ! furr[s /raight1 ! fir/ ought to be work$ out ) ! rod & l9e1 & e succe$+ l9e %\ld be frequ5tly & c>efully exam9$4 ,x is m difficult to keep ^! l9es /raight ?an c be at fir/ sight imag9$2 & 9 proportion z ! furr[ is all[$ to become crook$ x w become n>r[]1 & be 9 dang] ( be+ *ok$ up2 or1 if kept z wide z be=e1 ! surface ( ! gr\nd w be r5d]$ unev51 & ! la/ furr[ left )\t e>? en\gh to fill x up4 ,9 digg+ ea* furr[ also1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to c>ry x q up to ! l9e ( dem>cation2 z1 o!rwise1 :at ! g>d5]s call a baulk or piece ( firm l& w\ld be left !re1 &1 ( c\rse1 ! b$ w\ld nei!r look well1 nor w\ld ! object = :i* x 0 dug be fully atta9$4 ,great c>e mu/ also be tak5 to keep ! surface ( ! b$ ev51 & ?is x is extremely difficult = a novice to d4 ,x is1 inde$1 v provok+1 aft] wat*+ ! ease ) :i* a g>d5] digs a b$1 & look+ at ! p]fectly smoo? & ev5 surface t he leaves1 to f9d h[ v h>d x is to imitate him2 & yet x is ess5tially necess>y to be done1 = if !re are any irregul>ities 9 ! surface1 ! holl[ places w collect ! moi/ure1 & ! plants 9 !m w gr[ vigor\sly1 :ile ^? 9 ! rais$ places w be spe$ily dri$ by ! sun & w9d1 & w look poor & )]$4 ,practice is c]ta9ly requir$ to r5d] digg+ easy1 b1 z ! pr9cipal po9ts ( keep+ ! furr[s /raight & ! surface ev51 dep5d on skill m ?an /r5g?1 ! art ( digg+ well may be acquir$ by any "o :o ?9ks x wor? :ile to take ! tr\ble4 ,v little /r5g? w1 inde$1 be necess>y1 if ! rule ( ?ru/+ 9 ! spade obliquely1 & aid+ x by ! mom5tum ( ! body be always att5d$ to4 ,po9t+1 z x is call$ by g>d5]s1 is 9 fact %all[ digg+1 & x consi/s 9 m]ely turn+ ov] ! gr\nd to ! dep? ( two or ?ree in*es4 ,9 spr+1 or 9 ! beg9n+ ( summ]1 :5 ! sun has only w>m$ ! soil to ! dep? ( a few in*es1 & :5 ! se$s to be s[n 7z ( annual fl[]s = example7 are want$ to g]m9ate z quickly z possible1 po9t+ is pref]able to digg+2 because ! latt] op]ation w\ld bury ! w>m soil1 & br+ t up to ! surface :i* is /ill z cold z 9 w9t]4 ,po9t+ is also us$ 9 /irr+ ! gr\nd among trees & o!r plants1 9 ord] t ! spade may n g s deeply into ! gr\nd z to injure _! roots4 ,bury+ manure4--,!re are two ways ( digg+ ! gr\nd = ! purpose ( bury+ manure3 accord+ to ! fir/ me?od1 ! manure is spread ev5ly ov] ! :ole b$1 & !n ! g>d5] proce$s to dig z ?\gh ! manure 7 9 fact a portion ( ! surface ( ! soil2 & accord+ to ! second me?od1 ! manure hav+ be5 fir/ br\ght to ! spot & ?r[n into a heap1 is deposit$1 a small portion at a "t1 at ! bottom ( ea* furr[ z x is =m$1 & ! e>? f ! next furr[ ?r[n ov] x4 ,9 bo? cases1 ! manure %\ld be buri$ z spe$ily z possible2 z if left long expos$ 9 small quantities to ! air 9 hot dry wea!r1 x loses a great "p ( its nutriti\s qualities by evaporation4 ,digg+ = ! purpose ( expos+ ! soil to ! action ( ! wea!r1 tr5*+1 & ridg+ on a l>ge scale1 are op]ations too labori\s to be p]=m$ by any "o b a g>d5]'s lab\r]4 ,to be done well1 ! e>? 9 all ^! cases %\ld be mix$ 9 l>ge spitfuls at a "t1 & turn$ ov] )\t break+1 on :i* acc\nt !y are be/ p]=m$ 9 moi/ wea!r1 :5 ! e>? is 9 an adhesive /ate4 ,ridg+ on a small scale may be useful 9 a fl[] g>d51 :5 ! soil is mu* infe/$ ) insects1 or :]e !re are _m we$s4 ,x is p]=m$ by op5+ a tr5*1 & ?r[+ up ! e>? out ( x 9 ! =m ( a ridge2 & !n op5+ ano!r tr5*1 & =m+ ano!r ridge 9 ! same mann]4 ,! :ole g>d5 is ?us ?r[n into a s]ies ( ridges & tr5*es1 :i* %\ld be suff]$ to rema9 all ! w9t]1 & be levell$ 9 spr+4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is mode ( ameliorat+ ! soil c only be practis$ :]e ! g>d5 is n likely to be visit$ dur+ w9t]1 z x de/roys all beauty1 & has a peculi>ly desolate & =lorn appe>ance4 ,x is inde$ a rem$y only to be resort$ to 9 extreme cases1 b =tunately !re are v few fl[] g>d5s 9 :i* ! soil is 9 s bad a /ate z to require x4 ,! o!r k9ds ( digg+1 are to =m pits = receiv+ plants1 or = fill+ ) *oice soil1 & to remove plants4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 a hole ( suffici5t size to receive ! plant is dug1 & ! e>? ?r[n up beside x1 to be fill$ 9 r\nd ! roots ( ! plant2 & 9 ! second case1 ! common g>d5 e>? is ?r[n out ( a pit a foot or eighte5 in*es deep1 & ab\t ! same 9 diamet]1 & its place suppli$ by peat1 or :atev] o!r k9d ( e>? may be requir$4 ,9 remov+ a "y tree or %rub1 ! gr\nd is g5]ally fir/ dug out on "o side1 s z to =m a small tr5*1 & !n ! spade is driv5 p]p5dicul>ly into ! gr\nd1 bel[ ! dep? to :i* ! roots desc5d1 & ! :ole mass is rais$ l a spade full ( e>?4 ,small plants are rais$ by ! spade at once )\t mak+ any tr5*2 & l>ge trees require all ! skill ( a pr(ess$ g>d5]4 ,=k+4--,a broad-prong$ g>d5 =k may be def9$ z an implem5t consi/+ ( a numb] ( small %>ply po9t$ spades1 unit$ by a %\ld] or hilt1 to :i* is fix$ ! h&le2 & =k+ diff]s f digg+ pr9cipally 9 its be+ us$ m]ely to /ir ! soil1 & n to turn x ov]4 ,9 %rubb]ies1 & among p]5nial h]bace\s plants1 :i* are n to be tak5 & replant$1 =k+ is v useful2 z x loos5s ! h>d dry surface ( ! soil1 & admits ! w>m air & ra9 to ! roots ( ! plants4 ,?is is v necess>y1 z ! e>? is a bad conductor ( heat2 & :]e ! surface ( ! soil is become s h>d z to exclude ! air f ! roots ( ! plants1 ! gr\nd 9 :i* !y gr[ w be ne>ly z cold 9 summ] z 9 w9t]4 ,besides1 :5 ! surface ( ! gr\nd is h>d1 ! ra9 in/ead ( soak+ gradually into x1 runs (f1 or evaporates1 )\t be+ ( any s]vice to ! roots4 ,! op]ation ( =k+ consi/s m]ely 9 ?ru/+ ! =k a little way into ! gr\nd by ! application ( ! foot to ! hilt1 & !n rais+ ! gr\nd by pull+ back ! h&le z 9 digg+1 s z to loos5 ! e>? )\t rais+ x4 ,! gr\nd may ?us be r\ghly pulv]iz$ to a consid]able dep?1 )\t divid+ ! roots ( ! plants2 :i* w\ld h be5 inevitable if ! op]ator _h us$ a spade4 ,hoe+4--,!re are sev]al diff]5t k9ds ( hoes :i* are us$ = gett+ up we$s1 = loos5+ ! soil1 = draw+ x up r\nd ! /ems ( gr[+ plants1 & = mak+ a %all[ furr[ or drill = s[+ se$s4 ,! diff]5t k9ds all belong to two great divisions3 viz4 ! draw hoe & ! ?ru/ hoe1 :i* may be se5 at any ironmong]'s %op4 ,ei!r k9d may be us$ = de/roy+ we$s2 z ! we$s may ei!r be loos5$ & lift$ out ( ! soil by ! ?ru/ hoe1 or torn out ( x by ! draw hoe4 ,bo? k9ds may also be us$ = pulv]iz+ ! soil1 or a ?ird k9d ) two prongs may be sub/itut$4 ,9 all ^! op]ations1 ! ?ru/ hoe is be/ adapt$ = a lady's use1 z requir+ ! lea/ ex]tion ( /r5g?1 & be+ mo/ easily manag$2 b ! draw hoe is be/ adapt$ = mak+ a drill or furr[ = ! reception ( se$s1 & also = ! la/ & mo/ important use ( hoe+1 viz4 ! draw+ up ( ! e>? r\nd ! /ems ( gr[+ plants4 ,! op]ation ( hoe+ up1 ?\gh v commonly practis$1 is only suitable to "s k9d ( plants1 & x is int5d$ to af=d additional n\ri%m5t to ^? :i* h tap-roots1 by induc+ !m to ?r[ out m lat]al fibres4 ,! plants :i* w be> to be ho$ or e>!d up1 are ^? t ?r[ out fibr\s roots above ! vital knot1 l ! cabbage tribe1 c42 or t are annuals ) long bu%y /ems1 & v weak & sl5d] roots l ! pea4 ,ligne\s plants %\ld nev] be e>!d up1 to avoid injur+ ! vital knot1 :i* =ms ! po9t ( sep>ation betwe5 ! ma9 root & ! /em1 & :i* g>d5]s call ! coll>1 cr[n1 neck or collet4 ,?is "p 9 trees & %rubs %\ld nev] be buri$1 z if x be injur$ by moi/ure s z to cause x to rot2 or if x be w\nd$ 9 any way1 ! plant w die4 ,a decidu\s tree may be cut d[n close above ! coll>1 & x w ?r[ up fre% %oots1 or ! roots may all be cut (f close bel[ ! coll>1 & if t "p be un9jur$ fre% roots w =m2 b if a tree be cut ?r\gh at ?is vital "p x nev] c recov]4 ,a tr[el is ano!r in/rum5t us$ 9 /irr+ ! soil1 b ( c\rse x c only be employ$ 9 boxes ( e>? 9 balconies1 c4 ,rak+ is useful 9 smoo?+ ! soil aft] digg+1 & 9 collect+ we$s1 /ones1 c41 & dragg+ !m to "o side1 :]e !y may be easily remov$4 ,an iron-too!d rake is g5]ally us$ = ! gr\nd1 & a wood5 "o = collect+ grass aft] m[+4 ,:5 x is wi%$ t ! tee? ( ! rake %\ld ent] ! gr\nd1 ! h&le %\ld be held l[2 b if ! object be ! collection ( we$s1 c41 ! h&le %\ld be held high4 ,dry wea!r is ess5tial to rak+ ! gr\nd1 z ! pr9cipal use ( ! op]ation is to break ! clods left by ! spade2 b rak+ toge!r grass or we$s may be p]=m$ 9 wet wea!r4 ,! degree ( /r5g? requir$ = rak+ dep5ds p>tly ^u ! bread? ( ! head ( ! rake1 & ! numb] ( its tee?1 b pr9cipally ^u ! mann] ( hold+ x4 ,if ! rake be held l[1 x is obvi\s t great] /r5g? w be requir$ to drag x ?r\gh ! gr\nd ?an if x is held high1 9 :i* case v little lab\r w be requir$ to ov]come ! resi/ance x w meet )4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,manur+ ,,! ,,soil ,,& ,,mak+ ,,hotb$s4 ,mo/ p]sons imag9e t manure is all t is want$ to make a g>d5 fruitful2 & ?us1 if ! fruit-trees d n be>1 & ! fl[]s & vegetables d n ?rive1 manure is consid]$ ! univ]sal panacea4 ,n[1 ! fact is1 t s f> f ?is be+ ! case1 mo/ small g>d5s h be5 manur$ a great deal too mu*2 & 9 _m1 ! surface soil1 in/ead ( consi/+ ( ri* friable m\ld1 only pres5ts a s(t black %9+ sub/ance1 :i* is ! humic acid f ! manure saturat$ ) /agnant wat]4 ,no appe>ance is m common 9 ! g>d5s ( /reet-h\ses ?an ?is1 f ^! g>d5s be+ orig9ally ill dra9$1 & yet cont9ually wat]$2 & f _! possessors load+ !m ) manure1 9 ! hope ( r5d]+ !m f]tile4 ,z x is kn[n to *emi/s t x is only ! humic acid1 & c>bonic acid gas1 conta9$ 9 manure1 :i* make t sub/ance n\ri%+ to plants2 & z ^! acids mu/ be dissolv$ 9 wat] be=e ! roots c take !m up1 x may seem /range t any solution ( !m 9 wat]1 h[ev] /rong x may be1 %\ld be injuri\s to vegetation4 ,! fact is1 h[ev]1 t x is ! great quantity ( food conta9$ 9 ! wat] t r5d]s x un:olesome4 ,:5 ! roots ( a plant & _! little sponge-l t]m9ations1 are exam9$ 9 a p[]ful microscope1 x w be cle>ly se5 t no ?ick sub/ance c pass ?r\gh !m4 ,?us wat] load$ ) gross co>se matt]1 z x is :5 saturat$ ) humic acid1 mu/ be m ?an ! poor spongioles c swall[2 & yet1 z !y are truly sponge-l1 _! nature prompts !m1 :5ev] !y f9d moi/ure1 to attempt to take x up1 )\t hav+ ! p[] ( discrim9at+ betwe5 :at is good = !m1 & :at w be injuri\s4 ,! spongioles ?us imbibe ! saturat$ liquid2 &1 load$ ) ?is improp] food1 ! fibr\s roots1 l an ov]gorg$ snake1 become di/5d$1 ! f9e epid]mis t cov]s !m is torn asund]1 _! p[] ( capill>y attraction is gone1 & !y c nei!r =ce ! food !y h tak5 up1 into ! ma9 roots1 nor reject ! excrem5titi\s matt] s5t d[n to !m f ! leaves1 aft] ! elaboration ( ! sap4 ,9 ?is /ate ( ?+s1 f ! usual circulation ( ! fluids be+ imp$$1 x is n surpris+ t ! plant %\ld droop1 t its leaves %\ld turn yell[1 t its fl[]s %\ld n exp&1 t its fruit %\ld %rivel & drop (f prematurely1 & t 9 ! end x %\ld die2 z1 9 fact1 x may be said to expire ( apoplexy1 br\ght on by indige/ion4 ,all soil1 to be 9 a fit /ate = gr[+ plants1 %\ld be suffici5tly loose & dry to all[ ( wat] pass+ ?r\gh x int]mix$ ) air2 z wat]1 :5 9 ?is /ate is nev] m ?an slightly impregnat$ ) ! nutriti\s juices ( ! manure ?r\gh :i* x has pass$4 ,! spongioles are ?us n suppli$ ) m food at a "t ?an !y c prop]ly take up & dige/1 & a heal?y circulation ( ! fluids is kept up ?r\gh ! :ole plant4 ,b1 :at1 x may be ask$1 is to be done ) a g>d51 ! soil ( :i* has become black & slimy l half-rott5 peat8 ,! quicke/ rem$y is cov]+ x ) lime1 z t comb9es readily ) ! humic acid1 & r$uces x to a /ate ( comp>ative dryness3 or1 if ! sub-soil be good1 ! gr\nd may be tr5*$1 & ! surface-soil buri$ two spits deep2 9 ei!r case x w be necess>y ?or\ghly to dra9 ! g>d5 to prev5t a recurr5ce ( ! evil4 ,all ! diff]5t k9ds ( soil f\nd on level gr\nd1 consi/ ( two p>ts1 :i* are call$ ! surface-soil & ! sub-soil2 & z ! sub-soil always consi/s ( "o ( ! ?ree primitive e>?s1 s d ^! e>?s always ent]1 m or less1 into ! composition ( e k9d ( surface-soil4 ,! primitive e>?s are--silex1 7:i* includes s& & gravel17 clay1 & lime1 :i* includes also *alk2 & mo/ sub-soils consi/ ( a solid b$ or rock ( "o or o!r ( ^! mat]ials1 probably 9 ne>ly ! same /ate z x 0 left by ! deluge4 ,! surface-soils1 on ! contr>y1 are ( comp>atively rec5t date2 & !y h be5 sl[ly =m$ by ! gradual crumbl+ ( ! sub-soil1 & its int]-mixture ) decay$ animal & vegetable matt]1 & ) o!r soils :i* may h be5 accid5tally wa%$ d[n ^u1 or purposely br\ght to x4 ,9 fields1 & uncultivat$ places1 ! surface-soil is almo/ z h>d1 & z co>se 9 its texture1 z ! sub-soil on :i* x re/s2 b 9 g>d5s :i* h be5 long 9 cultivation1 ! surface-soil becomes s ?or\ghly pulv]iz$ by frequ5t digg+s1 & s mix$ ) ! manure & decay$ vegetables :i* h be5 add$ to x f "t to "t1 t x is *ang$ into ! s(t1 light1 f9e1 p[d]y sub/ance1 call$ g>d5-m\ld4 ,if ! sub-soil be naturally por\s or well dra9$1 ?is m\ld1 h[ev] ri* x may be made by ! addition ( decay$ vegetable matt] or animal manure1 w always cont9ue friable2 & z long z x does s1 x w be fit = ! gr[? ( plants3 b if no v5t be all[$ = ! escape ( ! wat]1 & x be cont9ually enri*$ ) manure1 x w be *ang$ 9 "t into ! black slimy sub/ance t has be5 already describ$4 ,surface-soil is call$ peat-e>? :5 x is compos$ ( decay$ vegetable matt]1 )\t any mixture ( animal manure2 &1 z ?is excess ( vegetable matt] c\ld nei!r be produc$ nor decay$1 )\t abundance ( /agnant moi/ure1 ?is k9d ( e>? is almo/ always f\nd on a clayey sub-soil1 :i* prev5ts ! wat] :i* falls ^u x f escap+4 ,peat-e>? has a spongy1 ela/ic feel+ :5 trodd5 ^u1 aris+ f ! quantity ( wat] t x holds1 & x c only be r5d]$ fit = cultivation by dra9+4 ,9 its ela/ic /ate x is :at is call$ 9 ,scotl& a moss1 & 9 ,engl& a peat-bog4 ,%\ld ! wat]1 in/ead ( be+ af=d$ a v5t by dra9age1 be suff]$ to accumulate = _m ye>s1 till x completely saturates ! peat1 ! soil becomes :at is call$ a morass1 or quagmire2 & x c no long] be trodd5 on1 z x w engulf any sub/ance re/+ ^u x4 ,a /ill fur!r accumulation ( wat] w1 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s1 cause ! bog to bur/ its b\nds1 & ov]fl[ ! surr\nd+ c\ntry2 z ! ,solway-moss did _m ye>s ago1 & z bogs 9 ,irel& h done frequ5tly4 ,an excess ( vegetable matt] on a silici\s sub-soil1 diff]s f ! common black-peat 9 reta9+ less wat]2 & 9 be+ mix$ ) a portion ( ! primitive e>?1 :i*1 f its loose texture1 becomes easily deta*$ f ! sub-soil4 ,peat 9 ?is /ate is call$ hea? m\ld4 ,! mo/ productive soils are ^? 9 :i* sev]al +r$i5ts are comb9$ 9 prop] proportions2 & if any "o ( ! primitive e>?s prepond]ates1 ! soil becomes comp>atively unf]tile4 ,?us ! be/ soil = g>d5+ purposes is g5]ally all[$ to be a calc>e\s loam on a *alky sub-soil2 & ?is sort ( soil is compos$ ( ne>ly equal p>ts ( lime1 s&1 & clay1 enri*$ depositions ( decay$ animal & vegetable matt]4 ,! next be/ soil is a s&y loam1 compos$ ( clay & s&1 enri*$ by decay$ animal & vegetable sub/ances1 & re/+ on a s&y or gravelly sub-soil4 ,! wor/ soils are peat & s&4 ,a poor s&y soil is necess>ily a ne>ly b>r5 "o2 because x w n reta9 ei!r wat]1 or ! nutriti\s juices f manure1 long en\gh to af=d n\ri%m5t to ! plants gr[n ^u x2 & x is obvi\s t a soil ( ?is k9d c only be r5d]$ f]tile by mix+ x ) clay2 :i* w\ld *ange x into a s&y loam4 ,a /iff clay is unf]tile f its attract+ moi/ure & reta9+ x r\nd ! roots ( ! plants till !y become swoll5 & unheal?y4 ,x also ret>ds ! decomposition ( manure1 & ob/ructs ! progress ( ! roots1 :i* wa/e _! /r5g? 9 ! ef=ts !y make to p5etrate1 or tw9e r\nd1 its adhesive clods4 ,soils ( ?is description are improv$ by a mixture ( s&1 gravel1 road grit1 or any sub/ance :i* t5ds to sep>ate ! p>ticles ( ! clay1 & to r5d] x light & friable4 ,*alky soils succe$ bett] unmix$1 ?an any ( ! o!r k9ds2 b *alk be+ a c>bonate ( lime1 c h>dly be call$ a primitive soil4 ,! *alk1 h[ev]1 f its :it5ess is cold] ?an any o!r soil2 z x does n absorb1 b reflects back ! rays ( ! sun4 ,ra9 also p5etrates into x v sl[ly1 & n to any great dep?4 ,*alk mix$ ) s& =ms a k9d ( calc>e\s loam admirably adapt$ = gr[+ vegetables2 & *alky soils are peculi>ly susceptible ( improvem5t f manure4 ,manures4--,! k9ds ( manure g5]ally us$ 9 g>d5s are horse or c[ dung1 & decay$ vegetable matt]s2 ! manure 9 bo? cases be+ suff]$ to lie 9 a heap to rot be=e x is spread on ! gr\nd1 9 ord] t its compon5t p>ts may be decompos$ by f]m5tation1 & ?us br\ght into a fit /ate to af=d food to ! plants4 ,old hot-b$s or mu%room b$s are ?us well adapt$ = manur+ a g>d52 & :5 fre% /able-dung is employ$ = t purpose1 x is g5]ally ?r[n into a heap1 & turn$ ov] sev]al times till ! f]m5tation has abat$1 be=e x is dug into ! gr\nd4 ,z1 h[ev]1 a great quantity ( c>bonic acid gas is evolv$ & escapes dur+ ! process ( f]m5tation1 & z x seems a great pity t s mu* ( ! nutriti\s prop]ties ( ! manure %\ld be lo/1 x is n[ cu/om>y to cov] ! dunghill ) e>?1 into :i* ! gases w rise dur+ ! process ( f]m5tation1 & 9 :i* !y w deposit ! great] "p ( _! nutriti\s prop]ties4 ,a quantity ( e>? %\ld also be laid r\nd ! dunghill to imbibe ! liquid t runs f x1 & ?is e>?1 "p ( :i* mu/ be remov$ & fre% add$ e "t ! dunghill is turn$ ov]1 w be f\nd v ne>ly z valuable = manur+ ! b$s ( a g>d51 z ! manure itself4 ,! modes ( apply+ manure diff] accord+ to ! diff]5ce ( ! soils4 ,= s&y loams1 ?or\ghly rott5 dung1 ei!r f an old hotb$1 or f a dunghill suffici5tly decay$ to be cut easily ) ! spade1 or ! e>? t has cov]$ a dunghill dur+ ! process ( f]m5tation1 %\ld be laid on ! surface ( ! soil1 & dug 94 ,9 v poor s&y soils rott5 manure1 or e>? f a dunghill1 %\ld be laid on ! surface ( ! soil1 & n dug 93 be+ cov]$1 if hot dry wea!r be expect$1 ) leaves1 /raw1 or ! bran*es ( trees cut (f 9 prun+2 or occasionally spr9kl$ ) wat]4 ,soils ( ?is description1 & loose s&s1 are frequ5tly improv$ 9 ! ,s\? ( ,france & ,italy1 by s[+ !m ) se$s ( ! common :ite lup9e1 & !n1 :5 ! plants h come up & gr[n ab\t a foot high1 pl\gh+ or digg+ !m into ! soil4 ,! gre5 succul5t /ems ( ! lup9es1 :5 ?us buri$ 9 ! soil1 supply x ) moi/ure dur+ ! process ( _! decay2 & ?us n\ri%m5t is af=d$ to ! corn1 :i* is imm$iately aft]w>ds s[n ^u ! soil = a crop4 ,clayey soils %\ld h unf]m5t$ manure mix$ ) undecay$ /raw laid 9 ! bottom ( ! furr[s made 9 digg+2 t ! process ( f]m5tation1 & ! rema9s ( ! /raw may op]ate 9 keep+ ! p>ticles ( ! soil op51 or1 9 o!r words1 9 prev5t+ _! too close adhesion4 ,lime 7?\gh :5 burnt x becomes viol5tly cau/ic1 & w de/roy & wa/e all ! manure appli$ ) x71 z c>bonate ( lime1 or *alk 79 :i* /ate only x c prop]ly be call$ a soil71 reta9s ! manure appli$ to x long] ?an any o!r soil4 ,rott5 manure may ?us be dug into *alk1 ) ! c]ta9ty t x w be pres]v$ f f>!r decay = a v long "t1 & t e %[] w "w a small portion ( its f]tiliz+ juices out ( x1 & c>ry !m into ! soil1 :]e !y w be ?us pres5t$ to ! plants 9 ! be/ possible /ate = af=d+ :olesome food4 ,peat soils may be improv$ by ! addition ( quick-lime z a manure1 :i* w absorb ! sup]abundant moi/ure :i* !y conta92 or !y may be mix$ ) s&1 gravel1 or clay to give !m firmness & t5acity1 & !n ) a small quantity ( animal manure4 ,s&y peat or hea? m\ld is v useful 9 g>d5s = gr[+ hea?s1 rhodod5drons1 kalmias1 or any plants ) f9e hair-l roots2 & f ! quantity ( vegetable matt] t x conta9s naturally1 x does n require any manure1 m ?an :at is furni%$ by ! decay+ leaves ( ! plants gr[n 9 x4 ,ne>ly ! same rules apply to decay+ leaves & o!r sub/ances us$ z manure1 z to /able-dung4 ,!y may be buri$ 9 an undecay$ /ate 9 clayey soil1 :5 x is ! object to sep>ate ! adhesive p>ticles ( ! clay by ! process ( f]m5tation2 b _! compon5t p>ts %\ld be sep>at$ by f]m5tation be=e !y are appli$ z a manure to gr[+ plants4 ,vegetable m\ld 7t is1 leaves ?or\ghly decay$ & mix$ ) a little ri* loam7 is admirably adapt$ = manur+ ! f9] k9ds ( fl[]s1 & plants 9 pots4 ,!re are _m o!r k9ds ( manure us$ 9 g>d5s occasionally2 su* z ! dung ( pigs1 rabbits & p\ltry1 grass m[n f lawns1 p>+s ( lea!r1 horn %av+s1 bones1 ! sweep+ ( /reets1 ! empty+ ( privies1 cess-pools1 & sew]s1 ! clipp+ ( h$ges & prun+ ( trees1 we$s1 ! refuse ( vegetables1 pea halm1 c4 ,all ^! %\ld be f]m5t$1 & appli$1 9 ! same mann] z ! common k9ds ( manure4 ,! foll[+ is a summ>y ( ! g5]al rules to be obs]v$ 9 manur+ & improv+ soils3--,nev] to use animal manure & quick-lime toge!r1 z ! "o w de/roy ! o!r4 ,to use lime z a manure only 9 v s&y or peaty soils1 or 9 soils ab\nd+ ) sulphate ( iron4 ,to rememb] t rott5 manure is consid]$ to give solidity2 & t unf]m5t$ manure1 buri$ 9 tr5*+1 has a t5d5cy to light5 ! soil4 ,to dilute liquid manure f a dunghill ) wat]1 be=e apply+ x to gr[+ plants2 z o!rwise1 f ! quantity ( ammonia t x conta9s x w be apt to burn !m4 ,to cov] & surr\nd dunghills ) e>? dur+ ! process ( f]m5tation1 to absorb ! nutriti\s gases1 t w\ld o!rwise escape4 ,to rememb] t ! manure ( c[s & all animals t *ew ! cud1 is cold & suit$ to a light soil2 & t ! manure ( horses1 pigs1 & p\ltry is hot & suit$ to a firm soil3 also t all manure1 :5 well rott51 becomes cold 9 its nature1 & %\ld be treat$ accord+ly4 ,to rememb] t all mix$ soils are m f]tile ?an soils consi/+ only ( "o ( ! ?ree primitive e>?s1 viz4 lime1 s&1 or clay2 & nev] to =get t too mu* manure is q z injuri\s to plants z too little4 ,=mation ( hotb$s4--,?\gh ne>ly all ! k9ds ( manure :i* h be5 enum]at$ may be us$ occasionally = hotb$s1 ! only mat]ials 9 common use 9 g>d5s1 are /able manure1 dead leaves1 & tan4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 :i* is by f> ! mo/ g5]al1 consi/s p>tly ( horse-dung1 & p>tly ( :at g>d5]s call long litt]1 t is1 /raw moi/5$ & discol\r$1 b n decay$4 ,! manure is g5]ally 9 ?is /ate1 :5 x is pur*as$1 or tak5 f ! /able1 = ! purpose ( mak+ a hot-b$4 ,! necess>y quantity ( manure is procur$ at ! rate ( "o c>t load1 or f twelve to fifte5 l>ge :eel-b>r[fuls to e light1 z ! g>d5]s call ! sa%es ( ! frames1 ea* light be+ ab\t ?ree feet wide2 & ?is manure is laid 9 a heap to f]m5t4 ,! heap %\ld !n be cov]$ ) e>? to receive ! gases evolv$ dur+ f]m5tation1 & e>? laid r\nd x to absorb ! liquid manure t may dra9 f x4 ,9 ab\t a week ! e>? may be remov$1 & ! manure turn$ ov] ) a dung-=k1 & well %ak5 toge!r2 ?is op]ation be+ repeat$ two or ?ree or m times1 at int]vals ( two or ?ree days1 till ! :ole mass is become ( "o col\r1 & ! /raws are suffici5tly decompos$ to be torn to pieces ) ! =k4 ,! size ( ! hotb$ mu/ dep5d pr9cipally on ! size ( ! frame :i* is to cov] x2 obs]v+ t ! b$ mu/ be f six in*es to a foot wid] ?an ! frame e way4 ,! manure mu/ !n be spread 9 lay]s1 ea* lay] be+ beat5 d[n ) ! back ( ! =k1 till ! b$ is ab\t ?ree feet & a half high4 ,! surface ( ! gr\nd on :i* ! hotb$ is built1 is g5]ally rais$ ab\t six in*es above ! g5]al surface ( ! g>d52 & x is advisable to lay "s e>? r\nd ! bottom ( ! b$1 ne>ly a foot wide1 t x may receive ! juices ( ! manure t w dra9 f ! b$4 ,z soon z ! b$ is made1 ! frame is put on & ! sa%es kept q close1 till a /eam appe>s ^u ! glass1 :5 ! b$ is consid]$ 9 a fit /ate to be cov]$ ?ree or f\r in*es deep ) m\ld2 obs]v+1 if ! b$ has settl$ unequally1 to level ! surface ( ! manure be=e cov]+ x ) e>?4 ,! se$s to be rais$ may ei!r be s[n 9 ?is e>?1 or 9 pots to be plung$ 9 x4 ,! prop] av]age heat = a hotb$ int5d$ to raise fl[] se$s1 or to gr[ cucumb]s1 is #fj3 b melons require a heat ( #fe to gr[ 91 & #ge to rip5 _! fruit4 ,?is heat %\ld be tak5 9 a morn+1 & does n include t ( ! sun 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,:5 ! heat ( ! b$ becomes s great z to be 9 dang] ( injur+ ! plants1 ! obvi\s rem$y is to give air by rais+ ! glasses2 & if ?is be n suffici5t1 ! g5]al heat ( ! b$ mu/ be l[]$ by mak+ excavations 9 ! dung f ! sides1 s z to rea* ne>ly to ! middle ( ! b$1 & fill+ up ^! excavations ) cold dung :i* has already und]gone f]m5tation1 or ) leaves1 turf1 or any o!r simil> mat]ial :i* w receive heat1 b n increase x4 ,:5 ! heat ( ! b$ falls d[n to #dh or l[]1 x %\ld be rais$1 by apply+ on ! outside fre% coat+s ( dung1 grass1 or leaves1 :i* are call$ l9+s4 ,:5 hotb$s are made ( sp5t tann]'s b>k or decay$ leaves1 a k9d ( box or pit mu/ be =m$ ( bricks or bo>ds1 or ev5 ( lay]s ( turf1 or clay1 & ! tan or leaves fill$ 9 s z to make a b$4 ,:]e neatness is an object1 ?is k9d ( b$ is pref]able to any o!r2 b a common hotb$ ( /able manure may be made to look neat by ?at*+ ! outside ) /raw1 or cov]+ x ) ba/ mats1 pegg$ d[n to keep !m close to ! b$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,s[+ ,,se$s--,,plant+ ,,bulbs ,,& ,,tub]s--,,transplant+ ,,& ,,wat]+4 ,s[+ ,se$s4--,! pr9cipal po9ts to be att5d$ to 9 s[+ se$s are1 fir/1 to prep>e ! gr\nd s t ! "y & t5d] roots ?r[n out by ! se$s may easily p5etrate into x2 secondly1 to fix ! se$s firmly 9 ! soil2 ?irdly1 to cov] !m1 s z to exclude ! light1 :i* imp$es vegetation1 & to pres]ve a suffici5cy ( moi/ure r\nd !m to enc\rage x2 &1 f\r?ly1 n to bury !m s deeply z ei!r to deprive !m ( ! b5eficial influ5ce ( ! air1 or to ?r[ any unnecess>y imp$im5ts 9 ! way ( _! asc5d+ %oots4 ,! prep>ation ( ! soil has be5 already describ$ 9 ! *apt] on digg+1 & ! reasons :y x is necess>y h be5 !re giv52 b :y se$s %\ld be firmly emb$d$ 9 x1 seems to require explanation4 ,x is well kn[n t g>d5]s1 be=e !y ei!r s[ a b$ 9 ! kit*5-g>d51 or a pat* ( fl[]-se$s 9 ! fl[]-g>d51 g5]ally 8firm ! gr\nd10 z !y call x1 by beat+ x well ) ! back ( ! spade1 or press+ x ) ! sauc] ( a fl[]-pot2 & !re c be no d\bt t ?is is done 9 ord] t ! se$s may be firmly imb$d$ 9 ! soil4 ,:5 lawns are s[n ) grass-se$s also1 ! se$s are frequ5tly roll$ 91 evid5tly = ! same purpose4 ,! only "q1 !re=e1 is1 :y is ?is necess>y2 & ! answ] appe>s to be1 t a degree ( p]man5ce & /ability is ess5tial to enable nature to accommodate ! plant to ! situation 9 :i* x is plac$4 ,:5 !re is ?is degree ( p]man5ce & /ability1 x is a/oni%+ to obs]ve ! ef=ts t plants w make to provide = _! wants2 b )\t x1 se$s w n ev5 vegetate4 ,?us we (t5 see l>ge trees spr++ f crevices 9 app>5tly b>e rocks2 :ile n ev5 a blade ( grass w gr[ among ! mov+ s&s ( a des]t4 ,! reasons = ! second & ?ird po9ts ( cov]+ ! se$s1 & yet n cov]+ !m too deeply1 appe> m obvi\s2 & yet !y also require a little explanation4 ,! se$s are cov]$ to keep !m 9 d>kness1 & to reta9 r\nd !m a prop] quantity ( moi/ure2 n only to make !m swell & beg9 to vegetate1 b to enable ! roots to p]=m _! prop] functions2 s9ce1 if expos$ to ! air1 !y w\ld become dry & )]$1 & lose ! p[] ( contract+ & dilat+1 :i* is ess5tial to enable !m to imbibe & dige/ _! food4 ,bury+ ! se$s too deeply is obvi\sly injuri\s 9 imp$+ ! progress ( ! "y %oot to ! light2 & 9 plac+ x 9 an unnatural position4 ,:5 a se$ vegetates too f> bel[ ! surface1 a "p ( ! /em ( ! plant mu/ be buri$2 & ?is "p n be+ int5d$ to rema9 "u-gr\nd1 is n protect$ f ! dang]s x is likely to meet ) !re4 ,x is ?us peculi>ly liable to be assail$ by slugs & all k9ds ( insects1 & to become rott5 by damp1 or )]$ by heat4 ,x is also v possible to bury a se$ s deeply z to prev5t x f vegetat+ at all4 ,! gr\nd has m ( bo? w>m? & moi/ure ne> ! surface ?an at a great dep?1 z x is w>m$ by ! rays ( ! sun1 & moi/5$ by ! ra92 b besides ?is1 se$s w n vegetate1 ev5 :5 !y are amply suppli$ ) heat & moi/ure1 if !y are exclud$ f ! influ5ce ( ! air4 ,e ripe se$ 9 a dry /ate is a conc5tration ( c>bon1 :i*1 :5 dissolv$ by moi/ure1 & its p>ticles set 9 motion by heat1 is 9 a fit /ate to comb9e ) ! oxyg5 9 ! atmosph]e1 & ?us to =m ! c>bonic acid gas :i* is ! n\ri%m5t ( ! exp&+ plant4 ,= ?is reason1 se$s1 & newly sprung-up plants d n want to be suppli$ ) manure1 & air is mu* m ess5tial to !m3 !y h en\gh c>bon 9 _! cotyl$ons or se$-leaves1 & !y only want oxyg5 to comb9e ) x1 to enable !m to develope _! o!r leaves2 & ?is is ! reason :y "y plants1 rais$ on a hotb$1 are always giv5 air1 or !y become yell[ & )]$4 ,light absorbs ! oxyg5 f plants1 & occasions a deposition ( ! c>bon4 ,?us se$s & se$l+s d n require mu* light2 x is inde$ injuri\s to !m1 z x undoes 9 "s degree :at ! air has be5 do+ = !m3 b "y plants1 :5 !y h exp&$ two or ?ree pairs ( leaves1 & :5 ! /ock ( c>bon conta9$ 9 _! cotyl$ons1 or se$-leaves1 is exhau/$1 require light to enable !m to elaborate _! sap1 )\t :i* ! process ( vegetation c\ld n g on4 ,abundance ( light also is fav\rable to ! developm5t ( fl[]s1 & ! rip5+ ( se$s2 z x aids ! conc5tration ( c>bon1 :i* !y require to make !m f]tile4 ,! curi\s fact t se$s1 ?\gh abundantly suppli$ ) w>m? & moi/ure1 w n vegetate )\t ! assi/ance ( ! air1 0 lately v]ifi$ 9 ,italy2 :]e ! ,po1 hav+ ov]fl[$ its banks ne> ,mantua1 deposit$ a great quantity ( mud on "s mead[s2 & f ?is mud sprang up a pl5tiful crop ( black popl>s1 no d\bt f se$s t _h fall5 into ! riv] f a r[ ( trees ( t k9d1 :i* _h =m]ly gr[n on its banks1 b :i* _h be5 cut d[n _m ye>s previ\sly4 ,ano!r in/ance occurr$ 9 ! case ( "s raspb]ry se$s f\nd 9 ! body ( an anci5t ,briton discov]$ 9 a tumulus 9 ,dorset%ire4 ,"s ( ^! se$s 7 s[n 9 ! ,london ,horticultural ,society's ,g>d5 at ,turnham ,gre51 :]e !y vegetat$1 & ! plants produc$ f !m are /ill 7#ahci7 gr[+4 ,num]\s o!r ne>ly simil> in/ances1 w be f\nd 9 ,jesse's ,glean+s1 ,hook]'s ,botanical ,miscellany1 & num]\s o!r works4 ,/eep+ se$s 9 oxalic acid1 c4 to make !m vegetate1 is efficaci\s2 z !re is a spe$i] comb9ation betwe5 ! c>bon 9 ! se$s1 & ! oxyg5 9 ! acid1 ?an c be effect$ by ! ord9>y ag5cy ( ! air 9 p>t+ ) its oxyg5 to !m4 ,plant+ bulbs & tub]s be>s consid]able analogy to s[+ se$s4 ,! bulb or tub] may inde$ be consid]$ z only a se$ ( l>g] gr[?1 s9ce x requires ! comb9$ influ5ce ( air1 w>m?1 & moi/ure to make x vegetate1 & !n x ?r[s out a /em1 leaves1 & roots l a se$4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o important diff]5ce betwe5 !m2 ! se$ exp5ds its accumulat$ /ock ( c>bon 9 giv+ bir? to ! root1 /em1 & leaves1 aft] :i* x )]s away & disappe>s2 :ile ! bulb or tub] cont9ues to exi/ dur+ ! :ole life ( ! plant1 & appe>s to conta9 a res]voir ( c>bon1 :i* x only p>ts ) sl[ly1 & z circum/ances may require4 ,?\gh bulbs & tub]s h "h be5 m5tion$ z almo/ synonym\s1 mod]n botani/s make sev]al di/9ctions betwe5 !m4 ,! tunicat$ bulbs1 su* z ^? ( ! hyac9? & ! onion1 & ! squamose bulbs1 su* z ^? ( ! lily1 !y consid] to be und]gr\nd buds2 :ile tub]s su* z ^? ( ! dahlia1 & ! potatoe1 & solid bulbs or corms1 su* z ^? ( ! crocus1 !y reg>d z und]gr\nd /ems4 ,^! di/9ctions1 h[ev]1 ?\gh !y may be int]e/+ to ! botani/ & vegetable physiologi/1 are ( little or no use 9 practice2 ! practical g>d5] treat+ bulbs & tub]s exactly alike1 & plant+ !m z he w\ld s[ a se$3 t is to say1 he fixes !m firmly 9 ! gr\nd1 & cov]s !m1 b n s deeply z to exclude ! air4 ,9 prep>+ a b$ = hyac9?s or o!r tunicat$ bulbs1 x is necess>y to pulv]ize ! soil to a mu* great] dep? ?an = ord9>y se$s2 z ! fibr\s roots ( ! hyac9? desc5d p]p5dicul>ly to a consid]able dep?1 z may be se5 :5 ^! plants are gr[n 9 glasses4 ,! v circum/ance ( gr[+ hyac9?s 9 glasses1 :]e !y vegetate & s5d d[n _! roots expos$ to ! full influ5ce ( ! light1 appe>s contr>y to ! usual effects ( light on vegetation2 & inde$ ! plants are said g5]ally to ?rive be/1 :5 ! glasses are kept 9 ! d>k till ! roots are half gr[n4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is q c]ta9 t hyac9?s 9 glasses %\ld nev] be kept 9 d>kness :5 _! leaves beg9 to exp&2 z1 if !re be n abundance ( light to occasion rapid evaporation f ! leaves1 ! plants w soon become sur*>g$ ) moi/ure f ! quantity con/antly suppli$ to _! roots2 & ! leaves w turn yell[1 & look flaccid1 & unheal?y1 :ile ! fl[]s w be /unt$1 or w fall (f )\t exp&+4 ,transplant+4--,! po9ts to be att5d$ to 9 transplant+1 are--c>e 9 tak+ up1 to avoid injur+ ! spongioles ( ! roots2 plant+ firmly to enable ! plant to take a secure hold ( ! soil2 %ad+ to prev5t ! evaporation f ! leaves f be+ great] ?an ! plant 9 its enfeebl$ /ate c support2 & wat]+ t x may be abundantly suppli$ ) food 9 its new abode4 ,! fir/ po9t is to avoid injur+ ! roots1 & x is only necess>y to consid] ! con/ruction & uses ( ^! mo/ important organs to p]ceive h[ impossible x is = ! plant to ?rive1 unless !y are 9 a p]fectly heal?y /ate4 ,roots g5]ally consi/ ( two p>ts2 ! ma9 roots :i* are int5d$ to act z grappl+ irons to enable ! plants to take a firm hold ( ! gr\nd1 & ! fibr\s roots :i* are int5d$ to supply ! plant ) n\ri%m5t4 ,^! fibr\s roots are mo/ liable to receive injury f transplant+1 z !y are cov]$ ) a v f9e cellul> integum5t1 s delicate 9 its texture z to be v easily bruis$2 & !y ea* t]m9ate 9 a numb] ( small pores ( extraord9>y delicacy & susceptibility1 :i* act z little sponges to imbibe moi/ure = ! use ( ! plant4 ,x is well kn[n t ^! spongioles are ! only means :i* ! plant possesses ( imbib+ food1 & t if !y %\ld be all cut (f1 ! plant mu/ provide itself ) o!rs1 or p]i% = want ( n\ri%m5t4 ,^! spongioles are exactly ( ! nature ( a sponge2 !y exp& at ! approa* ( moi/ure1 & :5 sur*>g$ ) x1 !y contract1 & ?us =ce x into ! fibr\s roots1 ! cellul> integum5t ( :i* dilates to receive x2 h5ce ! moi/ure is =c$1 by capill>y attraction1 z x is suppos$1 into ! ma9 roots1 & !nce into ! /em & bran*es ( ! plant2 circulat+ l ! blood1 & aft] x has be5 elaborat$ 9 ! leaves1 z ! blood is 9 ! lungs1 disp5s+ n\ri%m5t to e "p z x goes along4 ,! roots h no pores b ^? =m+ ! spongioles2 & only ! fibr\s roots appe> to possess ! p[] ( alt]nate dilation & contraction1 :i* p[] evid5tly dep5ds on _! cellul> tissue be+ 9 an entire & heal?y /ate4 ,?us1 x is q evid5t t if ! spongiole ( any fibril be cru%$1 or ev5 ! cellul> tissue injur$1 x c no long] act z a m\? & ?roat to convey food to ! plant4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! injur$ "p %\ld be in/antly remov$2 z its ela/icity c nev] be re/or$1 & x is mu* bett] = ! plant to be =c$ to ?r[ out a new fibril1 ?an to be oblig$ to c>ry on its circulation weakly & imp]fectly ) a diseas$ "o4 ,:5ev] a plant is tak5 up = transplant+1 its roots %\ld !re=e be c>efully exam9$1 & all _! injur$ p>ts cut (f1 be=e x is replac$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,decidu\s plants1 & p>ticul>ly trees & %rubs1 are g5]ally transplant$ :5 !y are )\t _! leaves2 because at t season !y are 9 no dang] ( suff]+ f ! effects ( evaporation4 ,%ad+ is necess>y aft] transplant+ all plants t reta9 _! leaves2 z ! evaporation f ! leaves1 if expos$ to ! full action ( ! light1 w\ld be great] ?an ! plant c\ld support ) a dim9i%$ numb] ( spongioles4 ,if x 7 possible to transplant )\t injur+ ! fibrils1 & if ! plant 7 imm$iately suppli$ ) pl5ty ( wat]1 %ad+ w\ld n be requir$2 &1 inde$1 :5 plants are turn$ out ( a pot into ! op5 g>d5 )\t break+ ! ball ( e>? r\nd _! roots1 !y are nev] %ad$4 ,! reason = ?is is1 t z long z a plant rema9s :]e x 0 fir/ s[n1 & "u fav\rable circum/ances1 ! evaporation f its leaves is exactly adapt$ to its p[]s ( absorb+ moi/ure2 x is !re=e evid5t1 t if1 by any *ance1 ! numb] ( its m\?s be dim9i%$1 ! evaporation f its leaves %\ld be *eck$ also1 till ! means ( supply+ a m abundant evaporation are re/or$4 ,! use ( wat]+ a transplant$ plant1 is z obvi\s z t ( %ad+4 ,x is simply to supply ! spongioles ) an abundance ( food1 t ! increas$ quantity imbib$ by ea*1 may1 9 "s degree1 supply _! dim9i%$ numb]4 ,all plants w n be> transplant+1 & ^? t h tap-roots1 su* z ! c>rot1 are peculi>ly unfitt$ = x4 ,:5 plants hav+ tap-roots are transplant$1 x %\ld be into v light soil1 & :at is call$ a puddle %\ld be made to receive !m4 ,to d ?is1 a hole or pit %\ld be =m$1 deep] ?an ! root ( ! plant1 & into ?is pit wat] %\ld be p\r$ & e>? ?r[n 9 & /irr$ s z to half-fill x ) mud4 ,! tap-root$ plant %\ld !n be plung$ into ! mud1 %ak+ x a little s z to let ! mud p5etrate among its fibr\s roots1 & ! hole %\ld be fill$ 9 ) light soil4 ,! plant mu/ aft]w>ds be %ad$ long] ?an is usual ) o!r plants2 & :5 wat] is giv51 x %\ld be p\r$ d[n ne>] to ! ma9 root ?an 9 o!r cases1 z ! lat]al fibr\s roots nev] spread f> f x4 ,plants ) spread+ roots1 :5 transplant$1 %\ld h ! pit int5d$ to receive !m made %all[1 b v wide 9 its diamet]2 s t ! roots may be spread out 9 x to _! fulle/ ext5t1 except ^? t appe> at all bruis$ or injur$1 :i*1 z be=e direct$1 %\ld be cut (f ) a %>p knife4 ,x is a g5]al rule1 9 transplant+1 nev] to bury ! coll> ( a plant2 ?\gh ?is rule has "s exceptions 9 ! case ( annuals4 ,"s ( ^!1 su* z balsams1 s5d out roots f ! /em above ! coll>2 & ^! plants are always v mu* improv$ by transplant+4 ,o!rs1 ! fibr\s roots ( :i* are long & desc5d+1 su* z hyac9?s1 be> transplant+ v ill1 & :5 x is absolutely necess>y to remove !m1 x %\ld be done ) an in/rum5t call$ a transplant]2 :i* may be pur*as$ 9 any ironmong]'s %op1 & ! use ( :i* is to take up a suffici5t quantity ( e>? ) ! plant to remove x )\t di/urb+ ! roots4 ,! uses ( transplant+ are v>i\s4 ,:5 se$s are s[n1 & ! "y plants f !m beg9 to make _! appe>ance1 !y w g5]ally be f\nd to be mu* too ?ick2 & !y w require ?9n+1 ei!r by draw+ "s ( !m out & ?r[+ !m away1 or by remov+ !m to ano!r b$ by transplant+4 ,?is1 9 ! case ( annuals1 is call$ by ! g>d5]s prick+ out4 ,! "y plants are tak5 up ) a small tr[el1 & replac$ 9 a hole made = !m1 & ! e>? press$ r\nd !m1 ) ! same tr[el2 ! only c>e necess>y be+ to make !m firm at ! root1 & yet to avoid injur+ ! t5d] spongioles4 ,g>d5]s d ?is ) a dibb]1 :i* !y hold 9 ! "r h&1 & aft] putt+ 9 ! "y plant ) ! left h&1 !y press ! e>? r\nd x ) ! dibb] 9 a mann] t ,i nev] c\ld manage to imitate4 ,i h f\nd ! tr[el1 h[ev]1 d equally well1 ?\gh x takes up r m "t4 ,ano!r use ( transplant+ is to remove trees & %rubs f ! nurs]y to :]e !y are p]man5tly to rema94 ,to enable ?is to be done ) safety1 ! trees & %rubs 9 comm]cial nurs]ies are prep>$ by be+ always remov$ e ye>1 or e o!r ye>1 :e!r !y are sold or n4 ,! effect ( ^! frequ5t removals is to keep ! roots %ort1 & yet provid$ ) num]\s spongioles2 = z !y are always prun$ on e removal1 & z ! effect ( prun+ is to induce ! roots prun$ to s5d out two %ort fibr\s roots arm$ ) spongioles1 9 ! place ( e "o cut (f1 ! roots1 ?\gh conf9$ to a small space1 become abundant4 ,! rev]se ( ?is is ! case1 :5 plants are left 9 a natural /ate4 ,x has be5 f\nd1 f exp]i5ce1 t plants imbibe m food ?an !y absolutely require z n\ri%m5t f ! soil1 & t !y eject "p ( x2 also t _! roots w n reimbibe ?is excrem5titi\s matt]1 b are cont9ually 9 se>* ( fre% soil4 ,to provide = ?is ! fibr\s roots are possess$ ( an extraord9>y p[] ( elongat+ !mselves at _! extremities2 & ?us ! roots ( ev5 a small plant1 left to nature1 w be f\nd to ext5d to a great di/ance on e side4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is elongation ( ! roots mu/ greatly increase ! difficulties att5d+ transplant+4 ,:]e ! roots ext5d to a di/ance f ! tree1 a great] ext5t ( gr\nd has to be di/urb$1 bo? to take up ! plant1 & to make a pit = replant+ x2 ! risk ( injur+ ! fibr\s roots is increas$2 &1 z ne>ly all ! spongioles w require to be cut (f1 f ! great l5g? ( ! roots1 & consequ5t great] difficulty :i* w att5d tak+ !m up entire1 ! plant w be ne>ly fami%$ be=e new spongioles c be =m$ to supply x ) food4 ,all ^! dang]s are avoid$ by ! nurs]y sy/em ( transplant+2 :ile ! inconv5i5ce ( conf9+ ! roots to s small a space is obviat$1 by plac+ ! plant1 e "t x is transplant$1 9 fre% soil4 ,x is cu/om>y1 :5 trees or %rubs are transplant$ to ! places :]e !y are p]man5tly to rema91 ei!r to make a puddle = !m1 or to fix !m1 z x is call$1 ) wat]2 ! object1 9 bo? cases1 be+ to supply ! plant ) abundance ( food 9 its new situation4 ,c>e is tak51 also1 to make ! roots firm 9 ! soil1 & to let ! e>? p5etrate ?r\gh all _! int]/ices4 ,to atta9 ^! ends1 "o g>d5] g5]ally holds ! tree & g5tly %akes x1 :ile ano!r is %ovell+ 9 ! e>? among its roots2 b ?is mode has ! disadvantage ( sometimes occasion+ ! roots to become matt$4 ,:5 ! tree is to be fix$ ) wat]1 aft] a little e>? has be5 %ovell$ 9 ov] ! roots1 wat] is appli$ by p\r+ x f a wat]+-pot1 held z high z a man c raise x2 ! wat]+-pot us$ be+ l>ge1 & ) a wide sp\t1 ! rose ( :i* mu/ be tak5 (f4 ,m e>? is !n %ovell$ 91 & wat] appli$ aga94 ,?is mode ( plant+ has ! great advantage ( r5d]+ ! tree firm1 )\t /ak+ or tread+ ! e>? d[n r\nd x1 z is usually done4 ,o!r g>d5]s spread ! roots out c>efully at ! bottom ( ! hole or pit made to receive !m1 & !n fill 9 ! e>?4 ,9 all cases1 ! gr\nd is ei!r made firm ) wat]1 or trodd5 d[n or beat5 flat ) ! spade aft] plant+1 s z to fix ! roots firmly 9 ! soil1 = ! same reasons z ne>ly a simil> plan is adopt$ 9 s[+ se$s4 ,newly transplant$ trees are frequ5tly /ak$1 b ?is is n ess5tial if ! roots are made firm1 & inde$ ! tree is g5]ally f\nd to d be/ :5 ! head is left at lib]ty to be g5tly agitat$ by ! w9d4 ,x is a great po9t1 9 all cases ( transplant+1 to pres]ve ! epid]mis or cellul> integum5t ( ! fibr\s roots & spongioles 9 a flexible /ate2 & = ?is reason1 ! greate/ c>e is tak5 to keep !m moi/4 ,?is is ! end 9 view 9 puddl+ or fix+ by wat] 9 transplant+2 & _m plant]s always dip ! roots ( trees & %rubs 9 wat] be=e replant+4 ,:5 a tree or %rub is tak5 up t is to be convey$ any di/ance1 ! roots %\ld be wrapp$ up z soon z x is tak5 out ( ! gr\nd1 9 wet moss1 & cov]$ ) ba/ matt+2 & :]e moss _c be procur$1 !y %\ld be dipp$ 9 v wet mud1 & !n matt$ up4 ,cabbage-plants are frequ5tly pres]v$ 9 ?is mann]2 & are convey$1 )\t any o!r cov]+ to _! roots ?an a cake ( mud1 to a consid]able di/ance4 ,9 all cases :]e plants are tak5 up long be=e !y are replant$1 _! roots %\ld be kept moi/ by op5+ a tr5*1 & lay+ ! plants along x1 & !n cov]+ _! roots ) e>?4 ,?is1 g>d5]s call1 lay+ plants 9 by ! heels4 ,:]e ?is _c be done1 & ! plants are kept long out ( ! gr\nd1 _! roots %\ld be exam9$1 & moi/5$ f "t to "t2 & be=e replant+ !y %\ld be laid 9 wat] = "s h\rs1 & aft]w>ds c>efully exam9$1 & ! )]$ & decay$ p>ts cut (f4 ,9 remov+ l>ge trees1 c>e is tak5 to prep>e ! roots by cutt+ a tr5* r\nd ! tree = a ye> or two be=e removal1 & prun+ (f all ! roots t project into x4 ,?is is to answ] ! same purpose z transplant+ "y trees 9 a nurs]y2 :ile ! bad effects ( contract+ ! range ( ! roots is c\nt]act$1 by fill+ ! tr5* ) ri* fre% e>?4 ,! removal is also conduct$ ) mu* c>e2 & ei!r a l>ge ball ( e>? is remov$ ) ! tree1 or ! roots are kept moi/1 & spread out c>efully1 at full l5g?1 :5 ! tree is replant$4 ,"s plant]s1 be=e remov+ trees1 m>k :i* side /ood to ! s\?1 9 ord] to replant !m ) ! same side turn$ t[>ds ! sun2 & ?is is sometimes done ) "y trees f a nurs]y4 ,! reason is1 t ! tree hav+ g5]ally l>ge/ bran*es1 & be+ always mo/ fl\ri%+ on ! side expos$ to ! sun2 x is ?\ght t its vegetation might be *eck$1 7 a diff]5t side pres5t$ to t lum9>y1 by ! ef=ts x mu/ make to accommodate itself to its new situation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 x may be urg$ t *ang+ ! position ( ! plant1 p>ticul>ly :ile x is "y1 w be b5eficial 9 prev5t+ x f tak+ any p>ticul> b5t1 & 9 promot+ ! equal di/ribution ( sap ?r\gh all ! bran*es4 ,wat]+ is a mo/ ess5tial bran* ( culture4 ,x has be5 already fully expla9$ t ! se$ _c vegetate1 & ! plant _c gr[ )\t wat]4 ,c>bon1 & all ! o!r sub/ances t =m ! food ( plants1 mu/ be dissolv$ 9 wat] to enable ! spongioles to take !m up2 & ! spongioles !mselves1 unless !y be kept moi/1 w soon lose _! p[] ( absorption4 ,no?+ inde$ c be m evid5t1 ev5 to a common obs]v]1 ?an ! necessity t plants feel = wat]2 if a mimulus or a pel>gonium 9 a pot1 = example1 hang its head & droop its leaves1 :at an extraord9>y & rapid effect is produc$ by giv+ x wat]6 ,9 an almo/ incr$ibly %ort "t its leaves become firm1 & its /em erect2 & ! plant is n only pres]v$ f dea?1 b re/or$ to full heal? & beauty4 ,wat]+ appe>s an extremely simple op]ation1 yet nev]!less !re are sev]al po9ts relat+ to x t x is necess>y to att5d to4 ,"o ( ^! is1 nev] to saturate ! soil4 ,wat]1 to be 9 ! be/ /ate = be+ tak5 up by ! plants1 %\ld be kept 9 deta*$ globules by ! admixture ( air2 & x %\ld be only slightly impregnat$ ) n\ri%+ matt] f decay+ animal or vegetable sub/ances3 =1 z already obs]v$1 :5 fully saturat$ ) n\ri%m5t1 x becomes unfit = ! food ( plants4 ,no?+ c be m admirably & wond]fully adapt$ = supply+ plants prop]ly ) wat] ?an ra94 ,9 fall+ ?r\gh ! atmosph]e1 x is ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! air2 & 9 s9k+ into ! soil x becomes slightly impregnat$ ) nutriti\s qualities1 :i* x is ?us enabl$ to convey1 9 ! mo/ b5eficial mann]1 to ! plants4 ,x is a v common mi/ake1 9 wat]+1 to p\r ! wat] d[n close to ! /em ( ! plant4 ,?is is injuri\s 9 e respect4 ,wat]1 :5 p\r$ pr(usely on ! coll> ( ! plant1 :i* is ! po9t ( junction betwe5 ! root & ! /em1 is likely to rot1 or o!rwise s]i\sly injure t vital "p2 :ile ! spongioles1 :i* alone c absorb ! wat]1 s z to b5efit ! plant1 be+ at ! extremity ( ! roots1 are always z f> remov$ f ! /em z ! nature ( ! plant w all[4 ,?us1 ! di/ance f ! /em at :i* wat] %\ld be giv5 v>ies 9 diff]5t plants4 ,9 ^? t h tap-roots1 su* z ! c>rot1 & _m o!r cul9>y vegetables1 ! lat]al fibr\s roots are %ort1 & ! spongioles are comp>atively ne> ! /em2 b 9 trees1 & mo/ plants hav+ spread+ roots1 ! spongioles are g5]ally z f> di/ant f ! /em z ! extremity ( ! bran*es2 & ! wat]1 to be efficaci\s1 %\ld be giv5 !re4 ,! quantity ( wat] to be giv5 v>ies1 n only accord+ to ! nature ( ! plant1 b to ! /ate ( its gr[?4 ,9 spr+1 :5 ! sap fir/ beg9s to be 9 motion1 & ! "y plant is e day unfold+ fre% leaves or blossoms1 x requires abundance ( wat]2 z x does :5 9 fl[]1 or :5 ! fruit is swell+4 ,9 autumn1 on ! contr>y1 :5 ! fruit is rip5+1 & 9 w9t]1 :5 ! plant is 9 a /ate ( p]fect re/1 v little wat] is necess>y1 & mu* is positively injuri\s1 z be+ likely ei!r to excite a morbid & unnatural action 9 ! vessels1 or ev5 to br+ on rott5ness & decay4 ,wat] is necess>y = se$s to induce !m to g]m9ate2 b mu* ( x is v injuri\s to "y plants :5 !y fir/ come up1 z x unsettles _! roots1 & almo/ wa%es !m away4 ,! roots1 also1 are at fir/ too weak to imbibe wat]2 & ! plants fe$ on ! n\ri%m5t conta9$ 9 ! cotyl$ons ( ! se$s4 ,x is :5 ! second pair ( leaves has op5$ t wat] is requir$1 ?\gh x %\ld at fir/ be giv5 sp>+ly4 ,:5 ! plant beg9s to gr[ vigor\sly1 x requires m food2 & if x be !n kept too %ort ( n\ri%m5t1 x becomes /unt$ 9 its gr[?4 ,! quantity ( wat] requisite also dep5ds on ! k9d ( leaves t ! plant unfolds4 ,a plant ) l>ge broad leaves1 l ! tobacco1 requires twice z mu* wat] z a plant ) small p9nate leaves1 l an acacia4 ,plants expos$ to a /rong light1 also1 require m ?an plants gr[n 9 ! %ade4 ,! "t = wat]+ plants v>ies accord+ to ! season4 ,9 spr+ & autumn x is be/ to wat] plants 9 ! morn+4 ,b 9 summ]1 ! usual "t is ! ev5+2 :ile 9 w9t]1 ! v little t is requir$1 %\ld be giv5 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,_m p]sons object to wat]+ _! plants :5 ! sun is ^u !m2 b ?is is n at all injuri\s1 s long z ! wat] is n too cold1 & is only giv5 to ! roots4 ,wat]+ ! leaves :5 ! sun is ^u !m w make !m bli/]1 & become cov]$ ) pale br[n spots :]ev] ! wat] has fall54 ,x is mu* bett] to wat] plants dur+ sun%9e1 ?an to suff] !m to become too dry2 z :5 ! spongioles are once )]$1 no art c re/ore !m4 ,:5 plants h be5 suff]$ to become too dry1 ! gr\nd %\ld be loos5$ be=e wat]+ x2 & wat] %\ld be giv5 a little at a "t1 & frequ5tly1 till ! plant appe>s to h recov]$ its vig\r4 ,a great deal ( ! good produc$ by wat]+ dep5ds on ! /ate ( ! gr\nd2 z :5 ! gr\nd is h>d & compact1 x is v possible to ?r[ a great quantity ( wat] ^u x )\t do+ any s]vice to ! plants4 ,! k9d ( wat] us$ %\ld also be consid]$4 ,! be/ is pond-wat]1 z x is always mix$ ) air1 & is1 moreov]1 g5]ally impregnat$ ) decay$ animal & vegetable matt]2 & ! wor/ is cle> spr+-wat]1 z x is always cold1 & is seldom impregnat$ ) air1 or ) any?+ b "s m9]al sub/ance1 :i*1 s f> f do+ good1 is positively injuri\s to ! plants4 ,ra9-wat] collect$ 9 op5 ci/]ns1 & riv]-wat]1 are bo? v suitable2 & :5 only spr+-wat] c be obta9$1 x %\ld be expos$ = "s "t to ! air be=e us+ x4 ,x is always advisable to h ! wat] at lea/ z w>m z ! plants to be wat]$2 & = ?is reason ! wat] to be us$ 9 hot-h\ses & gre5-h\ses1 is g5]ally kept 9 an op5 vessel 9 ! h\se "s h\rs be=e us+4 ,wat]+ ) w>m wat] is v efficaci\s 9 =w>d+ ! fl[]+ ( plants4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! ?+s t 0 mo/ repugnant to my prejudices 9 ! c\rse ( my in/ruction 9 ! art ( g>d5+2 & :5 ,mr4 ,l\don _h "s ne>ly boil+ hot-wat] p\r$ on "s boxes ( hyac9?s t ,i 0 v anxi\s to h br\ght =w>d1 ,i c\ld sc>cely refra9 f cry+ out :5 ,i saw ! /eam ris+ up f ! e>?4 ,! hyac9?s1 h[ev]1 s f> f be+ injur$1 fl[]$ spl5didly2 ?\gh su* is ! =ce ( prejudice1 t ,i c\ld nev] see ! little t9 vessel conta9+ ! heat$ wat] c>ri$ out to !m )\t a %udd]4 ,! effect ( hot-wat]1 n heat$ to above #bjj1 9 =w>d+ bulbs is a/oni%+2 b x mu/ be obs]v$ t x %\ld nev] be p\r$ on ! bulbs1 or on ! leaves1 b on ! e>? ne> ! rim ( ! pot4 ,hot wat] is also v efficaci\s 9 s(t5+ se$s ) h>d cov]+s :5 soak$ 9 x2 & "s ( ! se$s ( ! ,new ,holl& acacias w n vegetate 9 ?is c\ntry till !y h be5 actually boil$4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,modes ,,( ,,propagation ,,by ,,division1 viz4 ,,tak+ ,,(f ,,suck]s1 ,,mak+ ,,lay]s ,,& ,,cutt+s1 ,,budd+1 ,,graft+1 ,,& ,,in>*+4 ,prop]ly speak+1 !re are only two modes ( propagat+ plants1 viz43 by se$ & by division4 ,! fir/ raises a new individual1 resembl+ ! plant t produc$ ! se$1 z a *ild does its p>5t1 b n p]petuat+ any accid5tal peculi>ity2 & ! second me?od multiplies specim5s ( ! individual itself4 ,species are propagat$ by se$1 & new v>ieties are rais$2 b v>ieties are g5]ally propagat$ by division1 z !y d n always come true f se$4 ,propagation1 by division1 may be divid$ into two k9ds3--^? 9 :i* ! "y plants root 9 ! gr\nd1 su* z suck]s1 lay]s1 & cutt+s2 & ^? 9 :i* !y are made to root 9 ano!r plant1 z 9 budd+1 graft+1 & in>*+4 ,suck]s4--,s5d+ up suck]s1 =m+ (fsets1 & ?r[+ out runn]s1 are all natural ways ( propagation t require v little aid f ! h& ( man2 & if all plants produc$ ^!1 no?+ m w\ld be requir$ ?an to divide ! (fspr+ f ! p>5t1 & replant x 9 any suitable soil4 ,b only c]ta9 plants ?r[ up suck]s1 su* z ! rose1 ! raspb]ry1 ! lilac1 ! ,engli% elm1 c4 ,(fsets are only =m$ on bulbs1 & runn]s are only ?r[n out by /rawb]ries1 brambles1 & a few o!r plants2 & ?us ^! modes ( propagation are extremely limit$ 9 practice4 ,no plants produce suck]s b ^? t s5d out /rong horizontal roots2 & ! suck] is 9 fact a bud f "o ( ^! roots :i* has pu%$ its way up ?r\gh ! soil1 & become a /em4 ,z ?is /em g5]ally =ms fibr\s roots ( its own1 above its po9t ( junction ) ! p>5t root1 x may 9 mo/ cases1 :5 x is ?\ght necess>y to remove x1 be slipp$ (f ! p>5t & plant$ l a root$ cutt+4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! n\ri%m5t x c expect to d]ive f its own res\rces w be at fir/ mu* less ?an :at x obta9$ f its p>5t1 x is cu/om>y1 :5 a suck] is remov$1 to cut 9 its head1 to prev5t ! evaporation f its leaves be+ great] ?an its roots c supply food =4 ,sometimes :5 ! p>5t is /rong1 "p ( ! horizontal root to :i* ! suck] 0 atta*$ is cut (f & plant$ ) ! "y plant4 ,suck]s ( ano!r k9d spr+ up f ! coll> ( ! old plant1 & :5 remov$ are always slipp$1 or cut (f1 ) ! fibr\s roots t !y may h made1 atta*$4 ,(fsets are "y bulbs :i* =m by ! side ( ! old "o1 & m]ely require break+ (f1 & plant+ 9 ri* light soil4 ,runn]s are %oots spr++ f ! cr[n or coll> ( ! plant1 :i* ?r[ out roots at _! jo9ts2 & :i* only require divid+ f ! p>5t plant & replant+ 9 good soil to make new plants4 ,lay]s4--,_m plants1 :5 kept 9 a moi/ atmosph]e1 hav+ a t5d5cy to ?r[ out roots f _! jo9ts1 ! idea ( mak+ lay]s mu/ h v e>ly occurr$ to g>d5]s4 ,:]e ! roots are ?r[n out naturally1 :]ev] a jo9t ( ! %oot t\*es ! moi/ e>?1 7z is ! case ) "s ( ! k9ds ( v]b5a1 :i* only require pegg+ d[n to make !m =m new plants17 lay]s diff] v little f runn]s2 b lay]s1 prop]ly s call$1 are :5 ! art ( ! g>d5] has be5 employ$ to make plants ?r[ out roots :5 !y w\ld n h done s naturally4 ,! mo/ common me?od ( do+ ?is is to cut half ?r\gh1 & slit upw>ds1 a %oot f a gr[+ plant1 putt+ a bit ( twig or pot%]d betwe5 ! sep>at$ p>ts2 & !n to peg d[n ! %oot1 s z to bury ! jo9t ne>e/ to ! w\nd 9 ! e>?2 :5 ! return+ sap1 be+ arre/$ 9 its progress to ! ma9 root1 w accumulate at ! jo9t1 to :i* x w af=d su* abundance ( n\ri%m5t1 z to induce x to ?r[ out a mass ( fibr\s roots1 & to s5d up a lead+ %oot4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,v]b5a lay]$4 ,! only art requir$ 9 lay]+ is to contrive ! mo/ effectual means ( int]rupt+ ! return+ sap1 s z to produce z great an accumulation ( x z possible1 at ! jo9t f :i* ! roots are to be produc$4 ,= ?is purpose1 sometimes1 in/ead ( cutt+ ! bran* half ?r\gh1 a r+ ( b>k is tak5 (f1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! knife does n p5etrate into ! wood2 & at o!rs a wire is twi/$ firmly r\nd ! %oot1 s z to p9* 9 ! b>k2 or a knife or any %>p in/rum5t is pass$ ?r\gh ! bran* sev]al times 9 diff]5t directions3 9 %ort1 any ?+ t w\nds1 or injures ! %oot1 s z to ?r[ an imp$im5t 9 ! way ( ! return+ sap1 & yet n to prev5t ! passage ( ! sap t is asc5d+1 w suffice4 ,lay]+ is a v common mode ( propagat+ plants3 & 9 nurs]ies (t5 e %oot ( a tree or %rub is ?us w\nd$ & pegg$ d[n4 ,9 ?is case1 ! c5tral root is call$ a /ool1 f ! v]b1 to /ole1 :i* signifies ! p[] mo/ decidu\s trees possess1 ( s5d+ up new /ems f _! roots :5 cut d[n4 ,! seasons = p]=m+ ! op]ation ( lay]+ are dur+ ! mon?s ( ,febru>y & ,m>*1 be=e ! new sap beg9s to rise1 or 9 ,june or ,july aft] all ! summ] supply ( asc5d+ sap has ris52 z at ^! seasons !re is no dang] ( injur+ ! tree by occasion+ an ov]fl[ ( ! asc5d+ sap1 :i* sometimes takes place :5 ! tree is w\nd$ :ile ! sap is 9 active motion4 ,9 mo/ cases ! lay]s are left on twelve mon?s1 & 9 _m two ye>s1 be=e !y are divid$ f ! p>5t plant1 9 ord] t !y may be suffici5tly suppli$ ) roots4 ,9 nurs]ies1 ! gr\nd is g5]ally prep>$ r\nd ea* /ool by digg+1 & sometimes by manur+2 & ! g>d5] piques himself on lay+ d[n ! bran*es neatly1 s z to =m a radiat$ circle r\nd ! /ool1 ) ! ends ris+ all r\nd ab\t ! same height4 ,illu/ration ,*9ese mode ( lay]+4--,! ,*9ese me?od ( lay]+1 :i* consi/s 9 w\nd+ a bran*1 & !n surr\nd+ ! place ) moi/ e>? conta9$ ei!r 9 a fl[]-pot or a basket1 is frequ5tly adopt$ 9 ! cont95tal g>d5s2 & x has ! v great advantage ( produc+ a "y tree :i* w fl[] & produce fruit :ile yet ( v small size4 ,x is g5]ally appli$ to camellias1 orange-trees1 & magnolias2 b x w d equally well = almo/ any o!r tree or %rub4 ,:5 a plant is to be lay]$ 9 ?is mann]1 a r+ ( b>k is fir/ tak5 (f1 & !n a fl[]-pot is procur$1 op5 on "o side1 s z to admit ! bran*2 & "s moss be+ put at ! bottom ( ! fl[]-pot1 x is fill$ up ) e>?1 & a piece ( wood is plac$ inside ! pot be=e ! op5 "p to prev5t ! e>? f fall+ out4 ,x may be fa/5$ 9 its place by wires hung ov] a bran*1 or support$ by f\r little /icks1 ti$ to ! pot ) /r+4 ,! e>? %\ld be v moi/ be=e x is put into ! pot1 & if ! season be dry1 x may be re-moi/5$ f "t to "t4 ,:5 ! lay] is suppos$ to h root$1 a cut or r not* %\ld be made 9 ! bran* bel[ ! pot1 & aft]w>ds x may be cut (f1 & ! "y plant transf]r$ ) its ball ( e>? entire to ano!r pot or ! op5 gr\nd4 ,a simpl] way ( p]=m+ ?is op]ation is us+ a piece ( lead in/ead ( a fl[]-pot4 ,a modification ( ?is plan 0 adopt$ by ,b>on ,humboldt 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,he provid$ himself ) /rips ( pit*$ clo?1 ) :i* he b\nd moi/ e>? r\nd ! bran*es ( sev]al ( ! r>e & curi\s trees he met )1 aft] fir/ tak+ (f a r+ ( b>k2 & :5 he return$ to ! same place "s "t aft]1 he f\nd root$ plants :i* he br\ght to ,europe4 ,cutt+s diff] f lay]s 9 be+ remov$ )\t roots f ! p>5t tree2 & z ! curr5t ( ! asc5d+ sap is /opp$ at once by ?is sep>ation1 !y g5]ally require %ad+1 :i* lay]s d n2 & also1 occasionally1 :at g>d5]s call bottom heat1 to induce !m to ?r[ out roots4 ,! bran*es mo/ suitable = mak+ cutt+s are ^? :i* gr[ ne>e/ to ! gr\nd1 especially ^? :i* recl9e on x1 z !y h always ! greate/ t5d5cy to ?r[ out roots2 & ! side %oots are consid]$ pref]able to ^? :i* gr[ erect at ! upp] "p ( ! plant4 ,! be/ season = mak+ cutt+s is summ]1 :5 ! sap is 9 full motion2 z ! return+ sap is !n mo/ likely to =m ! r+ or mass ( accumulat$ matt] f :i* ! new roots are to spr+4 ,x has be5 already m5tion$ "u ! head ( lay]s1 t x is f ! jo9ts only t roots c be expect$ to gr[2 &1 accord+ly1 9 mak+ cutt+s1 ! %oot is divid$ at a jo9t2 & x is reckon$ be/ to *oose ! jo9t at ! po9t ( junction betwe5 ! "y wood & ! wood ( ! previ\s season4 ,! cut %\ld be q smoo?2 z if ! %oot be bruis$1 ! return+ sap w n be able to rea* ! jo9t 9 a suffici5t quantity to effect ! desir$ end4 ,"s plants are mu* m difficult to /rike z cutt+s ?an o!rs2 b "s1 su* z ! will[1 ! currant1 ! v9e1 c41 w ?r[ out roots n only f ! r+1 b f e "p ( ! /em4 ,^! plants d n require s mu* c>e z to cutt+ (f at a jo9t2 & 9 fact1 w ?r[ out roots f :atev] "p may be put into ! gr\nd1 b ev5 !y succe$ be/ :5 prop]ly prep>$4 ,! cutt+ be+ tak5 (f1 & ! division at ! jo9t be+ made p]fectly smoo?1 ! great] "p ( ! leaves %\ld be cut (f close to ! /em1 ) a %>p knife2 & a hole be+ made 9 ! soil1 ! cutt+ %\ld be put 91 & ! e>? press$ close to its extremity1 or x w nev] /rike out roots4 ,?is necessity ( ! "p :i* is to s5d out roots be+ fix$ firmly 9 ! soil1 has be5 already m5tion$ ) reg>d to se$s1 transplant$ trees1 & lay]s2 & ?is necessity exi/s ) equal or great] =ce ) reg>d to cutt+s4 ,:5 ^! are made 9 a pot1 ! cutt+ w mu* m readily /rike 7z g>d5]s call its ?r[+ out roots71 if x re/ aga9/ ! side ( ! pot1 or ev5 aga9/ ! bottom4 ,illu/ration3 ,a cutt+ ( ! ,,lemon-,,sc5t$ ,,v]b5a 7,aloysia citriodora71 prep>$ = putt+ into ! gr\nd4 ,cutt+s may be /ruck 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & 9 ! common soil1 )\t any cov]+2 b ^! cutt+s are only ( ^? plants :i* /rike readily4 ,:5 /ruck 9 pots1 x is cu/om>y to fill ! pots half1 or entirely full ( silv] s&1 to prev5t ! /alk ( ! cutt+ f hav+ too mu* moi/ure r\nd x4 ,^? cutt+s :i* are mo/ liable to be injur$ by moi/ure1 su* z hea?s1 c41 are /ruck 9 pots fill$ entirely ) s&2 b z !re is no n\ri%m5t to be d]iv$ f s&1 mo/ cutt+s d be/ ) _! l[] end 9 e>?1 & ) only s& ab\t an in*1 or two in*es deep1 at ! top ( ! pot1 to keep ! /em dry1 & to prev5t x f rott+4 ,! cutt+1 :5 prep>$1 %\ld be buri$ to ab\t ! second jo9t1 & two or ?ree jo9ts ) leaves %\ld be left above ! soil4 ,a few leaves to elaborate ! sap 9 ! case ( h]bace\s plants1 or ev]gre5 trees & %rubs1 are ess5tial2 = ,i h kn[n v promis+ cutt+s ( petunias1 :i* _h be5 "s weeks 9 ! gr\nd1 & :i* _h ?r[n out abundance ( roots1 entirely de/roy$ by "s snails hav+ eat5 all ! leaves2 & ,i am told t ! case is by no means an uncommon "o4 ,cutt+s ( delicate plants are g5]ally cov]$ ) a bulb-glass press$ closely on ! e>?1 to keep a regul> degree ( moi/ure r\nd ! plants1 & to prev5t too rapid an evaporation2 b ,i h f\nd cutt+s ?us treat$ v apt to damp (f1 & h nev] succe$$ 9 /rik+ !m1 unless ,i took (f ! glass to wipe x1 e day4 ,cutt+s ( gre5h\se plants1 ,i h be5 told by practical g>d5]s1 /rike be/ :5 put into ! pots z ?ickly z possible2 & z !y are g5]ally well wat]$ :5 fir/ put 9 ! gr\nd1 if cov]$ ) a close glass1 !y w frequ5tly n require any wat]+ aft]w>ds4 ,z long z !y cont9ue look+ fre%1 !y are do+ well2 & z soon z !y beg9 to gr[ !y %\ld be transplant$ into small ?umb pots1 & suppli$ mod]ately1 b regul>ly1 ) wat]2 *ang+ ! pots = l>g] ones z ! plants increase 9 size1 & accord+ to _! nature4 ,sometimes ! pots are sunk into a hot-b$1 to induce ! cutt+s to take root1 & ?is is call$ apply+ bottom heat2 & sometimes "o fl[]-pot is plac$ )9 ano!r a size or two l>g]1 & ! out] "o fill$ ) wat]4 ,all ^! exp$i5ts are m or less efficaci\s2 & ! great object ) all ( !m1 is to excite & /imulate ! plant4 ,illu/ration3 ,cutt+s ( ! ,,common ,,horse%oe1 & ,,l>ge ,,:ite ,,fl[]$ ,,g]aniums 7,pel>gonium zonale & ,p4 macran?um7 prep>$ = putt+ into ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,a cutt+ ( ! ,,*9a ,,rose 7,rosa indica7 prep>$ = putt+ into ! gr\nd4 ,slips4--,:5 cutt+s are made ( ! %oots f ! root or coll> ( ! plant1 or ( little bran*es /ripp$ (f ) a small portion ( ! root or /em atta*$1 !y are call$ slips2 & !y require no o!r prep>ation ?an cutt+ (f ! portion ( b>k smoo? & close to ! %oot4 ,slips are g5]ally tak5 (f 9 ,m>*1 b !y w also succe$ if made 9 autumn4 ,cutt+s ( succul5t plants1 su* z ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( cacti1 require to be dri$ = "s "t aft] !y are made1 by plac+ !m on a %elf 9 ! sun4 ,?is is done to prev5t a wa/e ( ! return+ sap2 :i*1 9 plants ( ?is k9d1 is v abundant1 & 9 a v liquid /ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,a pip+ ( a ,c>nation4 ,pip+s are cutt+s ( p9ks & c>nations1 & inde$ are applicable to all plants hav+ jo9t$ tubul> /ems4 ,!y are prep>$ by tak+ a %oot t has ne>ly done gr[+1 & hold+ ! root end ( x 9 "o h&1 bel[ a pair ( leaves1 & ) ! o!r pull+ ! top "p above ! pair ( leaves1 s z to sep>ate x f ! root-"p ( ! /em at ! socket =m$ by ! axils ( ! leaves1 leav+ ! "p ( ! /em pull$ (f ) a tubul> or pipe-l t]m9ation4 ,h5ce ! "n ( pip+s2 & :5 ?us sep>at$1 !y are ins]t$ 9 f9ely sift$ e>? or s&1 & a h&-glass is fix$ firmly ov] !m4 ,mo/ flori/s cut (f ! tips ( ! leaves ( pip+s1 b o!rs plant !m entire2 & ! pip+s gr[ app>5tly equally well "u bo? modes ( treatm5t4 ,! pr9cipal po9ts to be att5d$ to mak+ cutt+s are1 to cut (f ! %oot at a jo9t1 )\t bruis+ ! /em2 to make ! cutt+ at a "t :5 ! sap is 9 motion2 to fix ! end :i* is to s5d out roots1 firmly 9 ! soil2 to keep x 9 an equal temp]ature bo? z reg>ds heat & moi/ure2 to cut (f "p ( ! leaves1 & to %ade ! :ole1 s z to prev5t too mu* evaporation1 )\t exclud+ ! light1 :i* is want$ to /imulate ! plant2 to keep ! soil moi/1 b n too damp2 & to pot (f ! "y plants z soon z !y beg9 to gr[4 ,budd+ has be5 comp>$ to s[+ a se$2 b x may r be consid]$ z mak+ a cutt+ ) a s+le eye1 & ins]t+ x 9 ano!r tree1 call$ ! /ock1 in/ead ( 9 ! gr\nd4 ,a "y %oot ( ! curr5t ye>'s wood is cut (f 9 ! latt] end ( ,july or ,augu/1 or p]haps1 if ! season %\ld be v moi/1 ! fir/ week 9 ,septemb]2 & incisions are made longitud9ally & across1 on ea* side1 above & bel[ a bud1 s t ! bud may be cut out1 atta*$ to an oblong piece ( wood & b>k1 po9t$ at ! l[] end4 ,! leaf is !n tak5 (f1 b ! foot/alk is left on4 ,! next ?+ is to sep>ate ! b>k ) ! bud atta*$ f ! wood2 & on ! nicety ( ?is op]ation mu* dep5ds1 z if any wood be left 9 ! b>k ! bud w n take2 g5]ally1 h[ev]1 if ! sap is 9 a prop] /ate ( movem5t1 ! wood comes out easily1 )\t leav+ ! smalle/ p>ticle beh9d4 ,! bud mu/ be !n exam9$ bel[1 t is1 on ! side t 0 next ! wood2 & if x appe>s fre% & firm x is likely to take1 b if x looks %runk & )]$ x _h bett] be ?r[n away1 z x w nev] gr[4 ,slits longitud9al & across are !n made 9 a %oot ( ! /ock1 g5]ally ne> ! =k ( a bran*2 & ! b>k is g5tly rais$ by ! h&le ( ! budd+ knife1 :i* is purposely made ?9 & flat1 :ile ! piece ( b>k to :i* ! bud is atta*$ is slipp$ into ! op5+1 & ! b>k ( ! /ock clos$ ov] x4 ,?is is an op]ation t requires ! greate/ nicety & exactness2 z unless ! inn] b>k ( ! bud fits q closely to ! s(t wood ( ! /ock1 x is 9 va9 to hope t x w take4 ,! op]ation is !n complet$ by b9d+ ! two p>ts toge!r ) a /r& or /rip ( ba/ mat1 :i* 9 ! case ( rose trees is q suffici5t2 b buds on apple & pe> trees are sometimes wrapp$ r\nd ) wet moss1 :i* is ti$ on by %r$s ( ba/ matt+4 ,9 all cases1 ! /rips ( ba/ %\ld be left long en\gh to be ti$ ) b[s & ends1 t ! ligature may be loos5$ & ti$ aga9 )\t d]ang+ ! position ( ! bud z soon z x beg9s to gr[4 ,! fir/ sign ( ! bud hav+ tak51 z x is call$1 is :5 ! petiole ( ! leaf 7t 0 left on :5 ! leaf itself 0 cut (f17 drops1 on be+ v slightly t\*$ ) ! f+]2 b ! ligature %\ld n be loos5$ till ! bud beg9s to ?r[ out leaves2 & !n x %\ld be re-ti$ only a little slack] ?an be=e1 until ! bud is firmly unit$ ) ! /ock4 ,illu/ration3 ,mode ( budd+ a ,rose-tree4 ,budd+1 ?\gh sometimes us$ = apples & pe>s1 :5 ! spr+ grafts h fail$1 is mo/ commonly appli$ to roses3 x is1 h[ev]1 occasionally us$ = ins]t+ eyes 9 ! tub]s ( ! dahlia4 ,x sometimes happ5s t a l>ge portion ( a dahlia-root is f\nd to be entirely devoid ( buds1 or z ! g>d5]s call !m1 eyes2 & :5 ?is is ! case1 9 :atev] soil ! root may be plant$1 x w nev] s5d up a /em4 ,o!r dahlia tub]s1 on ! contr>y1 may be f\nd full ( buds2 & :5 ?is is ! case1 "o ( !m is scoop$ out1 & a correspond+ hole be+ made 9 ! b>r5 tub] to receive x1 ! bud is fitt$ 91 & ! po9t ( junction cov]$ ) graft+ wax4 ,! tub] mu/ !n be plant$ 9 a pot ) ! budd$ "p above ! soil2 & ! pot plung$ into a hot-b$ till ! bud beg9s to pu%1 :5 ! tub] may be plant$ out into ! op5 gr\nd4 ,:at is call$ flute-graft+1 is 9 fact1 a k9d ( budd+2 z x consi/s 9 tak+ a r+ ( b>k1 on :i* !re is a bud1 (f a %oot2 & !n supply+ its place ) a r+ ( b>k1 ) a bud atta*$1 f ano!r tree3 plac+ ! suppositi\s bud z ne>ly z possible 9 ! position ( ! true bud4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ?is is n ?\ght necess>y2 & ! r+ ( b>k is tak5 f any "p ( ! /ock2 ?\gh x is always replac$ by a r+ ( b>k conta9+ a bud f ! scion4 ,!re are _m o!r k9ds ( budd+1 b z ! pr9ciples are ! same 9 all1 x is n necess>y to detail !m "h4 ,! blade ( ! budd+ knife %\ld curve outw>ds1 to less5 ! dang] ( w\nd+ ! wood :5 mak+ ! incisions4 ,illu/ration ,! pr9cipal po9ts to be att5d$ to 9 budd+1 are2 to *oose a fre% heal?y bud2 to sep>ate ! b>k to :i* x is atta*$ )\t w\nd+ x1 q cleanly f ! wood2 to make a cle> incision ?r\gh ! b>k ( ! /ock1 & to raise x )\t w\nd+ x f ! wood2 to press ! b>k conta9+ ! bud1 closely to ! wood ( ! /ock s t no air c rema9 betwe5 !m2 & to p]=m ! op]ation 9 moi/ wea!r1 n e>li] ?an ! la/ week 9 ,july1 nor lat] ?an ! fir/ week 9 ,septemb]4 ,( ^! po9ts ! mo/ important are ! jo9+ closely ! b>k ( ! bud to ! wood ( ! /ock1 & ! p]=m+ ! op]ation 9 moi/1 or at lea/ 9 cl\dy wea!r2 & if ^! are att5d$ to !re is little d\bt ( success4 ,:5 ! "y %oot beg9s to gr[1 x is usual to %ort5 ! bran*es ( ! /ock1 s z to ?r[ ! :ole vig\r ( ! tree into ! bud4 ,x is s+ul> to obs]ve t ev5 :5 ! op]ation is mo/ successful1 no intimate union takes place betwe5 ! bud & ! /ock3 !y gr[ firmly toge!r1 b !y d n incorporate1 & ! po9t ( union may always be di/9ctly trac$4 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$ t a plant c only be budd$ on ano!r plant ( ! same nature z itself2 ?us a pea* may be budd$ on a plum1 z !y are bo? /one fruits1 & bo? belong to ! same section ( ! natural ord] ,rosace2 b a pea* c nei!r be budd$ on a walnut1 :i* belongs to ano!r natural ord]1 nor ev5 on an apple or a pe>1 bo? ( :i*1 ?\gh belong+ to ! ord] ,rosace1 are k]nel$ fruits1 & are includ$ 9 ano!r section4 ,graft+ diff]s f budd+ 9 its be+ ! transf] ( a %oot ) sev]al buds on x1 f "o tree to ano!r1 in/ead ( only a s+le bud2 & z budd+ has be5 comp>$ to s[+ se$s1 s has graft+ to mak+ cutt+s4 ,! art ( graft+ consi/s 9 br++ two portions ( gr[+ %oots toge!r1 s t ! lib]1 or s(t wood ( two may unite & gr[ toge!r2 & ! same g5]al pr9ciples apply to x z to budd+4 ,!re are above fifty modes ( graft+ describ$ 9 books1 b only ?ree or f\r are 9 common use4 ,9 all k9ds ( graft+ ! %oot to be transf]r$ is call$ ! scion1 & ! tree t is to receive x is call$ ! /ock2 & x is always desirable1 n only t ! k9ds to be unit$ %\ld be ( ! same g5us1 or at lea/ ( ! same natural family1 b t !y %\ld agree z closely z possible 9 _! "t ( leaf+1 9 ! duration ( _! leaves1 & 9 _! habits ( gr[?4 ,?is is con=mable to common s5se2 z x is q obvi\s t unless ! root s5d up a supply ( sap at ! "t ! leaves want x1 & only !n1 ! graft mu/ suff] ei!r f fam9e or repletion4 ,= ?is reason1 a decidu\s plant _c be graft$ on an ev]gre51 & ! rev]se4 ,! necessity ( a con=mity 9 ! habit ( gr[?1 is /rik+ly display$ 9 ,mr4 ,l\don's ,arboretum ,britannicum1 9 a fl[]+ a% graft$ on a common a%2 by :i* x is %[n1 t an ar*itectural column ) its pl9? & capital may be =m$ 9 a liv+ tree1 :]e !re is a decid$ diff]5ce 9 ! gr[? ( ! /ock & ! scion4 ,^! examples %[ t no intimate union takes place betwe5 ! scion & ! /ock2 & ! fact is1 t ?\gh !y gr[ toge!r & draw _! n\ri%m5t f ! same root1 !y are 9 e o!r respect p]fectly di/9ct4 ,! /ock w be> its own leaves1 fl[]s1 & fruit1 on ! "p bel[ ! graft2 :ile ! scion is be>+ its leaves1 fl[]s1 & fruit :i* are widely diff]5t1 on ! "p above ! graft4 ,nay1 five or six grafts ( diff]5t species on ! same tree1 w ea* be> a diff]5t k9d ( fruit at ! same "t4 ,?is want ( amalgamation betwe5 ! scion & ! /ock is p>ticul>ly visible 9 cases ( sev]e fro/1 :5 ! =m] is m t5d] ?an ! latt]2 z ! graft is frequ5tly kill$ )\t ! /ock be+ injur$4 ,x is also necess>y :5 graft$ trees are = any reason cut d[n1 to leave a portion above ! graft = ! new %oots to spr+ f2 z o!rwise ! proprietor w f9d 8 trees *ang$ z if by magic1 & in/ead ( *oice k9ds only ! common sorts left4 ,a r droll in/ance ( ?is happ5$ "s ye>s ago1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london2 an ignorant g>d5] hav+ a cons]vatory full ( v *oice ,camellias1 & wi%+ to r$uce ! plants to a m compact %ape1 cut !m d[n = t purpose2 :5 9 due "t he f\nd1 to 8 great confusion & dismay1 t ! *oice ,camellias _h all vani%$1 & t he _h no?+ left b a numb] ( plants ( ! common s+le r$ on :i* !y _h be5 graft$4 ,! prop] season = graft+ is 9 spr+1 g5]ally 9 ,m>* & ,april2 9 ord] t ! union betwe5 ! scion & ! /ock may be effect$ :5 ! sap is 9 full vig\r4 ,at ?is season a /ock is *os5 ( ne>ly ! same diamet] z ! scion1 :e!r t /ock be a "y tree1 or m]ely a bran*2 & !y are bo? cut s z to fit ea* o!r4 ,"o piece is !n fitt$ on ! o!r z exactly z possible2 & if practicable1 x is contriv$ t ! diff]5t p>ts1 su* z ! b>k1 s(t wood1 & h>d wood ( ! "o1 may re/ on ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! o!r2 & on ! exactness ) :i* ?is is done1 ! neatness ( appe>ance 9 ! graft dep5ds4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 ess5tial to ! success ( ! op]ation t all ! p>ts ( ! scion %\ld fit exactly on ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! /ock1 or ev5 t ! two trees %\ld be ( ! same diamet]1 = if ! b>k & ! s(t wood correspond 9 any "o po9t s z to unite1 x is suffici5t to make ! graft take4 ,z soon z ! scion & ! /ock are prop]ly fitt$ to ea* o!r1 ! p>ts are neatly b\nd toge!r ) a /r& ( ba/ mat /eep$ 9 wat] to make x flexible2 & ! ba/ is cov]$ ) a composition call$ graft+ clay1 :i* is put on to keep ! absorb5t vessels ( ! w\nd$ p>ts moi/1 & capable ( ! alt]nate contractions & dilations :i* w be necess>y dur+ ! passage ( ! asc5d+ & return+ sap betwe5 ! /ock & ! graft4 ,^! directions apply alike to all k9ds ( graft+2 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! sorts ref]s pr9cipally to ! mann] 9 :i* ! correspond+ p>ts are cut to fit ea* o!r4 ,:ip or ,tongue ,graft+ is :]e bo? ! /ock & ! scion are cut 9 a slant+ direction s z to fit ea* o!r1 & a little slit is made 9 ! /ock into :i* a tongue or project+ "p cut 9 ! scion fits4 ,! head ( ! scion is !n cut (f 9 a slant+ direction1 slant+ upw>ds f ! "p cut to receive ! scion1 & ! two are b\nd closely toge!r ) a /r& ( ba/ mat1 or wrapp$ 9 moss1 & !n cov]$ ) graft+ clay4 ,! "p left on ! /ock 9 a slant+ direction above ! graft )]s1 & is cut (f :5 ! graft has tak54 ,?is is ! k9d ( graft+ g5]ally practis$ 9 nurs]ies1 & x is ! mo/ useful1 z x does n require ! scion & ! /ock to be ( ! same size4 ,illu/ration3 ,! common mode ( ,:ip or ,tongue ,graft+4 ,peg ,graft+ is an old me?od seldom practis$ n[2 accord+ to x1 ! b>k at ! extremity ( ! scion is cut ?r\gh1 & ! c5tral wood %ap$ l a peg2 a hole is !n bor$ 9 ! /ock to receive ! scion1 & :5 ! "o is ins]t$ 9 ! o!r1 ! b>k ( ! two is br\ght toge!r1 s z to make b a v slight sc>4 ,cleft ,graft+ is :]e ! scion is %ap$ at ! extremity l a w$ge1 & a cleft is made 9 ! /ock to receive x4 ,:5 ?is k9d ( graft+ is practis$ ) trees & %rubs1 ! head ( ! /ock is cut (f2 b a modification ( x is practis$ ) succul5t plants1 9 :i* ! end ( ! graft hav+ be5 cut into ! %ape ( a w$ge1 is ins]t$ into a cleft made 9 ! side ( ! /ock to receive x1 & ! l9e ( junction is cov]$ ) graft+ wax4 ,! tub]s ( /rong common dahlias may be graft$ 9 ! cleft mann] ) *oice sorts1 z may ! tub]s ( ! h]bace\s ponies ) scions ( ! tree-pony4 ,?is la/ is v useful1 z cutt+s ( ! ,ponia ,m\tan rema9 weak = sev]al ye>s1 :ile roots graft$ 9 ,july or ,augu/ w fl[] ! foll[+ spr+4 ,cr[n ,graft+ resembles ! la/ k9d 9 requir+ ! head ( ! /ock to be cut (f1 b ! scion is %ap$ at ! extremity l a w$ge flatt5$ on "o side1 & x is pu%$ 9 betwe5 ! b>k & wood ( ! /ock1 ) its flat side next ! wood1 till x is /opp$ by a %\ld] ) :i* x is provid$ to prev5t x go+ 9 too f>4 ,9 ,saddle ,graft+ ! head ( ! /ock is cut (f1 & ! extremity ( ! trunk is %ap$ l a long w$ge2 a long slit is !n made 9 ! scion1 & ! divid$ p>ts are made to /& a/ride on ! /ock4 ,! b>k is !n p>$ (f at ! extremity1 s t ! two p>ts may fit q close2 & a firm ligature is appli$4 ,h]bace\s ,graft+ is v badly nam$1 z x gives ! idea ( its be+ a k9d ( graft+ appli$ to h]bace\s plants2 :]eas1 9 fact1 x only means graft+ ) ! brittle wood ( ! curr5t ye>1 9 opposition to common graft+1 :i* is always p]=m$ ) firm wood1 frequ5tly ( sev]al ye>s' gr[?4 ,h]bace\s graft+ is n[ g5]ally us$ = trees ( ! p9e & fir tribe1 :i*1 only a few ye>s ago1 x 0 ?\ght impossible to graft at all4 ,! prop] "t = ?is k9d ( graft+ is :5 ! "y p9e-%oots h made ab\t ?ree p>ts ( _! gr[?1 & are /ill s h]bace\s z to break readily betwe5 ! f+]s1 l a %oot ( asp>agus4 ,! %oot ( ! /ock is !n brok5 (f ab\t two in*es bel[ ! po9t1 & all ! leaves /ripp$ (f = ne>ly two in*es m1 except two %ea?s ( leaves1 :i* are left1 "o on ea* side1 close to ! top4 ,! %oot is !n split ) a v ?9 knife betwe5 ! %ea?s ( leaves left on1 & ! scion1 hav+ _h its l[] extremity prep>$ by /ripp+ (f ! leaves1 & cutt+ x into ! %ape ( a w$ge1 is ins]t$ z 9 cleft graft+1 & ! p>ts are b\nd toge!r ) li/1 or ) a /rip ( ?9 wooll5 clo?4 ,a cone ( pap] is !n put ov] ! :ole to protect x f ! sun & ra91 & ! graft is v seldom f\nd to fail4 ,sometimes ?is k9d ( graft+ is appli$ to annual plants4 ,! p]iod *os5 %\ld be :5 ! plant is 9 its greate/ vig\r1 & is j go+ into fl[]4 ,! fl[] /em is !n cut (f close to a leaf1 & a slit is made 9 ! /em d[nw>ds4 ,! scion is !n tak5 (f ne> ! root ( ! plant1 & ! end be+ cut into a w$ge-%ape1 is ins]t$ 9 ! slit4 ,! w\nd is !n b\nd up ) /rips ( clo? spread ) graft+ wax1 & ! leaf tak5 great c>e (4 ,:5 ! graft beg9s to gr[1 ?is leaf & all ! %oots bel[ x are remov$4 ,9 ?is mann] arti*okes h be5 graft$ on c>doons1 & caulifl[]s on cabbages ) great success4 ,tomatoes h also be5 graft$ on potatoes 9 ?is mann]1 ! potatoes p]fect+ _! tub]s1 & ! tomatoes _! fruit1 at ! same "t2 & x is said t ! rip5+ ( ! latt] 0 mu* accel]at$4 ,?is mode ( graft+ 0 inv5t$ by ! ,b>on ,ts*\dy1 a g5tleman resid+ at ,metz1 & ! pr9cipal po9t 9 x :i* requires att5tion1 is ! pres]v+ a leaf1 or two leaves1 at ! extremity ( ! /ock1 to s]ve z nurses to ! graft4 ,illu/ration3 ,/ock & ,scion prep>$ = ,in>*+4 ,in>*+1 or ,graft+ by ,approa*4--,?\gh ,i h left ?is till la/1 x is 9 fact ! mo/ simple ( all ways ( graft+1 & x is c]ta9ly ! only "o practis$ by nature4 ,9 a natural =e/1 two bran*es rub aga9/ ea* o!r 9 w9dy wea!r1 till ! b>k ( bo? becomes w\nd$2 a calm ensues1 &1 :ile x la/s1 ! w\nd$ bran*es ly+ across ea* o!r adh]e & gr[ toge!r4 ,( ?is1 :i* is call$ inosculation1 examples 9 ! bee*1 ! hornbeam1 & ! oak1 are giv5 9 ,mr4 ,l\don's ,arb4 ,brit42 & x is probable t mank9d d]iv$ ! fir/ idea ( graft+ f obs]v+ in/ances ( ?is k9d4 ,in>*+1 z practis$ 9 nurs]ies1 closely resembles lay]+4 ,a bran* is b5t & p>tly cut ?r\gh1 & ! heel ?us =m$ is slipp$ into a slit made d[nw>ds 9 ! /ock to receive x4 ,! p>ts are !n made to meet z exactly z possible1 & are b\nd toge!r ) ba/ mat1 & cov]$ ) graft+ clay1 z 9 common graft+4 ,9 five or six mon?s ! union w be complete2 & ! in>*$ plant w be ready to be sep>at$ f ! p>5t1 :i* is done ) a v %>p knife1 s z to leave a clean cut1 & n a bruis$ "o4 ,! head ( ! /ock1 if x 0 left on :5 ! plant 0 in>*$1 is !n cut away1 & ! plant is ready = removal4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 cu/om>y to keep on ! graft+ clay & ligature = a few weeks1 till ! plant is firmly e/abli%$4 ,?is mode ( propagation is v commonly practis$ ) ,camellias & ,magnolias2 & x is usual 9 nurs]ies to see a f9e new k9d ( ,camellia surr\nd$ by a sort ( frame1 on :i* are sev]al pots ( /ocks ( ! s+le r$1 plac$ at diff]5t heights = ! conv5i5ce ( atta*+ to !m diff]5t bran*es ( ! *oice k9d1 to und]go ! process ( in>*+4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! cases ! head ( ! /ock is reta9$1 & ! scion introduc$ at ! side2 b z soon z ! graft has tak51 & has ?r[n out a suffici5t numb] ( leaves to c>ry on ! elaboration ( ! sap1 all ! bran*es ( ! orig9al plant above ! graft are cut away to /r5g!n ! in>*$ "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,mode ( in>*+ ! ,camellia4 ,graft+ clay & graft+ wax h be5 s frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 ! v>i\s op]ations ( graft+ & budd+1 t x seems necess>y to say a few words on _! composition4 ,common graft+ clay is made ) any k9d ( /iff clay mix$ ) a f\r? "p ( fre% horse-dung free f litt]1 & a portion ( cut hay2 a little wat] is spr9kl$ on ! mass1 & ! :ole is beat5 sev]al times a day = a week toge!r1 till ! +r$i5ts are ?or\ghly amalgamat$4 ,! common ,fr5* graft+ clay1 or ,ongu5t de ,/e ,fiacre1 is compos$ ( equal p>ts ( /iff clay & c[-dung2 b a sup]ior k9d1 recomm5d$ by ,m4 ,de ,c&olle1 is compos$ ( "o p\nd ( c[-dung1 half a p\nd ( pit*1 & half a p\nd ( yell[ wax4 ,graft+ wax is g5]ally made ( equal p>ts ( turp5t9e1 bees'-wax1 & res91 ) a little tall[1 melt$ toge!r1 & ?or\ghly incorporat$4 ,?is is ?9ly spread on cotton clo?1 & us$ 9 /rips l c]eclo?4 ,9 graft+ trees ) s(t & delicate b>k1 f9e moss & cotton wool ti$ on ) ligatures ( ba/ mat1 are bett] ?an any?+ else1 & !y are q suffici5t = e purpose = :i* graft+ clay c be requir$ = ladies4 ,a new composition has be5 lately inv5t$1 made ) ca\t*\c1 :i* is said to be v efficaci\s1 b ,i h nev] se5 x tri$4 ,! ess5tial po9ts to be att5d$ to 9 graft+ are *oos+ a /ock & a scion t correspond 9 nature & 9 habits ( gr[?2 cutt+ ! p>ts to be unit$ s z to fit exactly & leave no vacuity betwe52 tak+ c>e t ! s(t wood ( ! scion %all always re/ on ! s(t wood ( ! /ock1 z x is betwe5 ^! p>ts t ! union is to be effect$2 b9d+ ! p>ts closely toge!r1 & cov]+ !m s z to prev5t !m f becom+ s dry z to %r9k ap>t1 9 :i* case ! vessels w\ld )] & become incapable ( unit+4 ,uses ( ,graft+ & ,budd+4 ,! obvi\s use ( graft+ is to propagate v>ieties t _c s easily be cont9u$ by se$1 & t w n /rike by cutt+s4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r use ne>ly z important2 & ?is is to make plants fl[] & fruit soon] ?an !y w\ld o!rwise d4 ,!re are _m plants t only fl[] at ! extremity ( _! %oots2 & ^! plants1 :5 t5d]1 w\ld require enorm\s plant-h\ses be=e !y w\ld be ?r[n into fl[] or fruit4 ,to rem$y ?is inconv5i5ce1 a me?od has be5 devis$ ( cutt+ (f ! tips ( ! %oots & graft+ !m2 & !n1 aft] !y h gr[n = "s "t1 cutt+ (f ! tips aga9 & regraft+ !m1 by means ( :i* fl[]s are at l5g? produc$ on plants ( q a small size4 ,! same me?od is appli$ 9 ,p>is to r>e fruit-trees to ?r[ !m into fruit2 & x has be5 tri$ ) success ) ! rose-apple 7,eug5ia ,jambos71 ! mango1 c4 ,9 common nurs]ies1 ! fruit ( new se$l+ apples is obta9$ mu* soon] by graft+ ?an by leav+ ! plant to nature2 & ?is plan is also practis$ at ,brussels by ,pr(4 ,van ,mons1 to te/ 8 se$l+-pe>s4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,prun+1 ,,tra9+1 ,,protect+ ,,f ,,fro/1 ,,& ,,de/roy+ ,,insects4 ,prun+ appe>s1 at fir/ sight1 a mo/ labori\s & unfem99e occupation2 & yet p]haps !re is no op]ation ( g>d5+ :i* a lady may m easily accompli%4 ,) ! aid ( a small1 & almo/ elegant pair ( prun+ %e>s1 :i* ,i procur$ f ,mr4 ,=re/1 ( ,k5s+ton ,nurs]y1 ,i h myself 7?\gh few wom5 h less /r5g? ( wri/7 divid$ bran*es t a /rong man c\ld sc>cely cut ?r\gh ) a knife4 ,! only ?+ to be att5d$ to is to *oose a pair ( prun+ %e>s ) a slid+ jo9t1 s z to make :at is call$ a draw-cut2 9 ord] t ! bran* may be divid$ by a clean cut1 & n bruis$ on ! side next ! plant1 & also to leave a some:at slop+ section4 ,:5 a bran* is prun$1 x %\ld also be cut z ne> to a bud z c be done )\t injur+ ! bud itself2 or1 to speak m def9itely1 n m 9 l5g? ?an ! bran* is ?ick %\ld be left beyond ! bud4 ,! cut %\ld slope d[nw>ds f ! bud to prev5t ! wat] lodg+ 9 ! angle2 & also t ! sun & air may h _! full influ5ce 9 excit+ ! b>k to cov] ! w\nd4 ,:5 a long piece ( bran*1 or :at g>d5]s call a snag1 is left beyond ! bud1 x )]s1 f !re be+ no leaves beyond x to c>ry on ! circulation ( ! sap2 & x ?us n only becomes a de=mity1 b v (t5 s]i\sly injures ! tree by rott+1 & infect+ ! fruit-be>+ bran* to :i* x is atta*$4 ,illu/ration ,accord+ to ! usual me?od ( prun+ ) a knife1 ! g>d5] holds ! bran* 9 8 left h&1 bel[ ! "p t is to be remov$2 & !n1 hold+ ! knife firmly ) ! ?umb at ! back ( ! blade1 he makes a /rong cut upw>ds1 & f him1 s z to remove ! bran* ) a s+le /roke1 & to leave a slant+ section4 ,?is op]ation1 h[ev]1 requir+ /r5g? z well z skill1 x w g5]ally be saf] = a lady to keep to h] prun+ %e>s1 a pair ( :i* may be b\ght = #gs4 #f;d41 & :i* w be suffici5t to cut ?r\gh ! l>ge/ bran* t a lady w\ld be able to remove2 or to use a pair ( g>d5 scissors fix$ to a pole :i* may be l5g!n$ or tak5 to pieces l a fi%+-rod4 ,! scissors are /rong & %>p1 & are made to act by means ( a long cord1 :i* passes ?r\gh r+s d[n ! side ( ! pole4 ,! pr9cipal use ( ^! scissors is to remove dead roses1 c41 b !y w also cut (f a bran* ( dead wood1 c4 ,:5 a g>d5] wi%es to remove a l>ge bran*1 he fir/ cuts a not* out ( x on ea* side1 & !n ) 8 prun+ knife1 or a small saw1 he divides ! dim9i%$ space4 ,9 all cases1 ! great art ( prun+ consi/s 9 mak+ a clean %>p cut1 s z to leave ! b>k 9 a heal?y /ate to make an ef=t to cov] ov] ! w\nd1 & 9 prun+ suffici5tly ne> a bud n to leave any dead wood4 ,! "t = prun+ is ei!r e>ly 9 spr+1 aft] all dang] is ov] f fro/1 b be=e ! sap has begun to move2 or 9 w9t]1 aft] ! movem5t ( ! sap = ! summ] has ceas$4 ,summ] prun+ is also necess>y ) "s trees2 b1 g5]ally speak+1 x %\ld be conf9$ to rubb+ (f all buds :i* w\ld produce unnecess>y %oots1 z soon z !y appe>4 ,?is op]ation is call$ disbudd+1 & x is highly efficaci\s 9 sp>+ ! /r5g? ( ! tree4 ,! po9ts ( ^? %oots :i* appe> to be runn+ too mu* to wood1 %\ld also be p9*$ (f2 or e leaf may be tak5 (f !m z x appe>s1 :i* w exhau/ ! sup]flu\s /r5g? ( ! tree2 & ! %oots :i* w produce no buds = want ( leaves1 may be remov$ 9 ! w9t] prun+4 ,! v9e is v apt to ble$ :5 prun+ has be5 delay$ too late2 & 9 v /rong vigor\s plants1 ! asc5d+ sap sometimes drops f ! bran*es l ra94 ,! ,fr5* v poetically call ^! drops ! te>s ( ! v9e4 ,! uses to :i* prun+ is appli$ are v>i\s2 b mo/ commonly x is int5d$ ei!r to improve ! =m ( ! tree1 or to make x be> m fl[]s & fruit ?an x o!rwise w\ld d3 x is also us$ = remov+ diseas$ or brok5 bran*es2 &1 9 cases ( transplant+1 = proportion+ ! head to ! roots4 ,prun+ to improve ! =m ( a tree 9 pleasure-gr\nds1 is only requir$ 9 ^? cases :]e trees h gr[n "u unfav\rable circum/ances1 & :]e !y h be5 too mu* drawn up1 or di/ort$ 9 any mann]3 b 9 useful plantations x is necess>y to prep>e trees = ! purposes = :i* !y are int5d$4 ,?us1 = example1 a tree int5d$ = timb]1 %\ld h its side-bran*es tak5 (f :ile !y are q "y1 9 ord] t ! w\nds may soon heal ov]1 & n leave loose knots to weak5 or disfigure ! wood2 :ile a tree int5d$ = a scre5 %\ld be all[$ ample space = its bran*es to spread f ! gr\nd upw>ds1 & !n !y %\ld only be %ort5$ at _! extremities1 to make !m ?r[ out %ort bran*es ne> ! tree4 ,9 pleasure-gr\nds ! pr9cipal object is g5]ally ei!r to pres]ve ! %ape ( ! tree or %rub1 s t x may =m an agreeable object on a lawn2 or to let x comb9e 9 a gr\p ) o!rs1 ei!r = ornam5t1 or to s]ve z a scre5 or %elt]4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 x is obvi\s t no prun+ is requisite1 b to remove dead1 diseas$1 or unsightly bran*es2 & 9 ! second1 ! prun+ mu/ dep5d ^u ! %ape ! tree is requir$ to take to gr\p well ) ! o!rs plant$ ne> x4 ,prun+ to produce fl[]s or fruit has 9 view two objects3 fir/1 to cut (f all sup]flu\s wood1 s z to ?r[ ! /r5g? ( ! tree into ! fruit-be>+ bran*es2 & secondly1 to admit ! sun & air into ! int]ior ( ! tree to rip5 & /r5g!n ! wood4 ,9 bo? cases ! att5tion ( ! prun] mu/ be direct$ to ?9n+ out weak & cr[d$ %oots2 & to keep+ bo? ! sides ( ! tree well balanc$1 9 ord] t ! circulation ( ! sap may be equal ?r\gh\t4 ,?is w pres]ve ! g5]al heal? ( ! tree1 at ! same "t t x ?r[s ! sap into ! prop] *annels2 & ! fruit w be produc$ 9 z mu* abundance z c be done )\t injur+ ! tree4 ,x %\ld nev] be =gott51 t to effect p]man5t improvem5ts1 nature %\ld be aid$1 n ov]-/ra9$2 & t all extraord9>y ex]tions are succe$$ by a p]iod ( feebl5ess & languor2 or1 if ! ex]tion be cont9u$ too long1 by dea?4 ,?us1 all cases ( prun+ & tra9+ to produce fruit1 %\ld nev] be pu%$ too f>3 z ?\gh1 by occasion+ an extraord9>y deposit ( ! return+ sap 9 "s p>ticul> "p1 t "p may be =c$ into fruit1 ! unnatural deposit _c fail 9 ! end to eng5d] disease4 ,sometimes a tree1 f be+ suppli$ ) m food ?an x c dige/1 or f "s o!r cause1 has a t5d5cy to produce :at ! ,engli% g>d5]s call wat]-%oots1 & :i* ! ,fr5* call g\rm&s4 ,^! are /rong1 vigor\s-gr[+ bran*es1 :i* are s5t up f ! ma9 trunk ( ! tree1 b :i* d n produce ei!r fl[]s or fruit2 & :i*1 consequ5tly1 if ! tree be full ( wood1 %\ld be remov$ z soon z _! true "* is discov]$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! tree h too little wood 9 ! c5tre1 or if x appe> exhau/$ by too mu* be>+1 ^! bran*es %\ld be sp>$1 z !y w s]ve admirably bo? to fill up any blanks t may h be5 left 9 ! tra9+1 & to /r5g!n ! trunks & roots by ! quantity ( ri* return+ sap1 :i* !y w s5d d[n f _! num]\s leaves4 ,a c]ta9 quantity ( leaves & b>r5 bran*es are ess5tial to ! heal? ( e tree2 & ! fruit-gr[] :o consults 8 own int]e/1 %\ld *]i% !m in/ead ( grudg+ ! sap requir$ = _! support4 ,:5ev] !re is n a suffici5t quantity ( leaves to elaborate ! sap1 ! fruit t ought to h be5 n\ri%$ by its ri* juices1 becomes flaccid & insipid2 its sk9 gr[s t\gh in/ead ( crisp2 & if ! deprivation ( leaves has be5 c>ri$ to excess1 ! fruit nev] rip5s1 b )]s prematurely1 & falls (f4 ,prun+1 at ! be/1 is a viol5t rem$y2 &1 l all o!r viol5t rem$ies1 if c>ri$ fur!r ?an is absolutely necess>y1 x g5]ally ends by de/roy+4 ,tra9+ is intimately connect$ ) prun+1 & l x %\ld always be us$ ) caution4 ,a tra9$ tree is a mo/ unnatural object2 & :atev] c>e may be tak5 ( x1 !re c be no d\bt t tra9+ %ort5s its life by _m ye>s4 ,! pr9cipal object ( tra9+ is to produce f a c]ta9 numb] ( bran*es a great] quantity ( fruit or fl[]s ?an w\ld gr[ on !m if ! plant 7 left 9 a natural /ate2 & ?is is effect$ by spread+ & b5d+ ! bran*es1 s z to =m num]\s depositions ( ! return+ sap1 aid$1 :]e ! plant is tra9$ aga9/ ! wall1 by ! %elt] & reflect$ heat :i* ! wall af=ds4 ,?us ! po9ts to be att5d$ to by ! g>d5] 9 tra9+ are ! cov]+ ( ! wall1 s t no "p ( x may be lo/2 ! b5d+ ( ! bran*es backw>ds & =w>ds1 s t !y may =m num]\s deposits ( ! return+ sap2 & ! full exposure ( ! fruit-be>+ bran*es to ! sun & air4 ,= ^! purposes ! g>d5] %ort5s ! long %oots1 to make !m ?r[ out side-bran*es1 ) :i* he cov]s 8 walls1 nev] suff]+ !m to cross ea* o!r1 b lett+ ea* be z mu* expos$ to ! influ5ce ( ! air & light z is consi/5t ) a necess>y quantity ( leaves2 & he b5ds !m 9 diff]5t directions to ?r[ !m into fruit4 ,^! g5]al pr9ciples are common to all fruit-trees1 b ( c\rse !y mu/ be modifi$ to suit ! habits ( ! diff]5t k9ds4 ,?us1 = example1 "s trees1 su* z ! fig & ! pomegranate1 only be> on ! extremities ( _! %oots2 &1 consequ5tly1 if _! %oots 7 cont9ually %ort5$1 ^! trees w\ld nev] be> at all2 o!r trees1 su* z ! apple & ! pe>1 be> _! fruit on %ort project+ bran*es1 call$ spurs2 & o!rs at int]vals on ne>ly all ! bran*es1 & close to ! wall4 ,all ^! habits %\ld be kn[n to ! g>d5]1 & ! modes ( tra9+ adopt$ :i* w be suitable to ea*4 ,tra9+ fl[]s %\ld also be regulat$ by a k ( ! habits ( ! plants2 b x consi/s pr9cipally 9 *eck+ _! ov]-luxuriance ( gr[?1 & ty+ !m to /akes or wood5 frames4 ,9 all k9ds ( tra9+1 neatness is ess5tially requisite1 & any dep>ture f x is exce$+ly (f5sive4 ,:]e ! h& ( art is s evid5t z x is 9 tra9+1 we require excessive neatness to make u am5ds = ! loss ( ! graceful luxuriance ( nature4 ,! op]ation ( tra9+ aga9/ a wall is p]=m$ by ! aid ( nails & %r$s2 ! %r$s be+ n>r[ oblong pieces ( li/ or clo?1 put r\nd ! bran*es1 & atta*$ to ! wall by nails driv5 9 ) a hamm]4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! pieces ( li/ are long en\gh to all[ ( ! free passage ( ! sap1 & yet n s long z to p]mit ! bran* to be s agitat$ by ! w9d z to bruise itself aga9/ ! wall4 ,! nails %\ld also nev] be driv5 9 s z to w\nd or corrode ! b>k2 & :5 driv+ 9 ! nails1 ! g>d5] %\ld be v c>eful n to bruise ! bran* ) 8 hamm]4 ,! %r$s %\ld be broad en\gh n to cut ! b>k1 & yet n s broad z to cov] ! buds2 & !y %\ld1 z mu* z possible1 be ( "s uni=m & d>k col\r4 ,z few %r$s %\ld be us$ z are suffici5t to atta9 ! end 9 view2 b ^! %\ld be v firmly atta*$1 z no?+ gives a m gloomy picture ( mis]y & desolation 9 a g>d51 ?an trees t once 7 tra9$1 hav+ become deta*$1 & hang+ droop+ f ! wall4 ,sometimes wires are fa/5$ to walls1 to :i* ! plants are ti$ ) /r&s ( ba/ mat2 ! /r&1 aft] x is put r\nd ! bran*1 & ! wire be+ g5tly twi/$ betwe5 ! f+] & ?umb1 9 ord] t x may make a firm knot )\t te>+ or weak5+ ! ligam5t4 ,climb+ %rubs are ti$ to ! pill>s ( a v]&ah1 or to trellis "w1 9 ! same mann]2 z are also fl[]s to /icks1 or slight wood5 or wire frames1 ) ! exception t1 9 _! case1 ! ba/ does n require twi/+4 ,protect+ f fro/ is an ess5tial "p ( culture to a lady g>d5]1 p>ticul>ly 9 s unc]ta9 a climate z t ( ,engl&4 ,n only ! blossoms ( pea*es & nect>9es1 & ^? ( o!r e>ly fl[]+ fruit-trees1 are liable to be injur$ by ! spr+ fro/s2 b ^? ( ! tree pony1 & o!r beautiful %rubs1 are frequ5tly de/roy$ by !m2 &1 un=tunately1 _m ( ! modes ( protection1 by knock+ (f & bruis+ ! blossoms1 are almo/ z injuri\s z ! fro/s t !y are int5d$ to gu>d aga9/4 ,twi/+ a /raw-rope r\nd ! trunk ( ! tree1 & putt+ its ends into a bucket ( wat]1 is c]ta9ly a simple me?od1 & x has be5 recomm5d$ z a v efficaci\s "o4 ,:5 a mat is us$ to protect wall trees1 x does p]haps lea/ injury to ! blossoms1 :5 curta9 r+s are sew$ to its upp] end1 & x is hung by ^! on hold-fa/s1 or l>ge hooks1 driv5 into ! upp] "p ( ! wall4 ,to make x m secure1 p>ticul>ly 9 w9dy wea!r1 x may be ti$ on ! sides ) ba/ to nails driv5 into ! wall2 & a broad moveable wood5 cop+ %\ld re/ on ! hold-fa/s1 & cov] ! space betwe5 ! mat & ! wall1 to prev5t injury f :at are call$ p]p5dicul> fro/s4 ,camellias & _m half-h>dy %rubs may be protect$ by lay+ /raw or litt] r\nd ! roots2 z ! sev]e/ fro/s seldom p5etrate m ?an a few in*es into ! gr\nd4 ,ev5 9 ! sev]e w9t] ( #ahcg-h1 ! gr\nd 0 n froz5 at ! dep? ( t5 in*es4 ,tree ponies1 & o!r t5d] %rubs1 t are 9 a gr[+ /ate1 v e>ly 9 ! spr+1 may be protect$ by cov]+s ( basket "w1 :i* are suffici5tly l>ge & light to be lift$ (f 9 f9e days4 ,h& & bell glasses1 sea-kale pots1 & wood5 frames cov]$ ) oil$ pap] are all useful = protect+ small plants4 ,insects1 & ,snails & ,slugs are ! t]ror ( all g>d5]s2 & ! de/ruction !y effect 9 "s seasons 9 small g>d5s is almo/ beyond ! b\nds ( cr$ibility4 ,birds d comp>atively little injury1 & inde$ all ! s(t-bill$ k9ds 7:i* =tunately include mo/ ( ! sweete/ song/]s7 d good4 ,! will[ & common wr5s1 ! blackcap1 ! night+ale1 ! r$/>t1 all ! w>bl]s & fly-cat*]s1 ! swall[s & m>t9s1 ! wagtails1 ! wryneck1 ! tomtit1 ! f]n owl or night j>1 & _m o!rs1 live almo/ entirely on insects1 & de/roy great numb]s e ye>3 :ile ! blackbird & ! ?ru%1 ! rob9 & ! sp>r[s1 ?\gh !y dev\r a portion ( ! fruit1 de/roy insects also4 ,all birds may inde$ be safely enc\rag$ 9 small g>d5s ne> t[ns1 z !y w d mu* m good ?an injury2 & a few *]ries & currants are a *eap price to pay = _! delightful songs4 ,z x is ! l>v only ( insects1 ) v few exceptions1 t d injury to vegetation1 _m p]sons nev] ?9k ( de/roy+ !m 9 any o!r /ate2 =gett+ t e butt]fly t we see flutt]+ ab\t may lay ?\s&s ( eggs1 & t if we wait till ^! eggs h become cat]pill>s1 irrep>able mis*ief w be done to our plants be=e !y c possibly be de/roy$4 ,:5ev] a butt]fly is se5 quietly sitt+ on ! bran* ( a tree1 9 ! daytime1 x w g5]ally be f\nd to be a female1 t ei!r j has laid1 or :at is m probable1 is j ab\t to lay h] eggs4 ,z soon z ! eggs are laid1 ! butt]fly g5]ally dies2 & :]e dead butt]flies are f\nd1 se>* %\ld always be made = _! eggs4 ,9 summ]1 a little oblong *rysalis1 ! col\r ( :i* is yell[1 ) black b&s1 w frequ5tly be f\nd hang+ f ! gooseb]ry-bu%es2 & :5ev] x is se5 x %\ld be de/roy$4 ,?is *rysalis is ! pupa ( ! magpie mo?1 ! cat]pill> ( :i* frequ5tly /rips ! gooseb]ry-bu%es ( all _! leaves 9 spr+1 & ?us r5d]s _! fruit wor?less 9 summ]4 ,! lackey cat]pill> is ano!r v de/ructive insect4 ,^! creatures1 :i* are curi\sly /rip$1 l ! tags on a footman's %\ld]1 7:5ce _! "n17 assemble toge!r 9 great numb]s1 & cov]+ !mselves ) a web1 completely dev\r ! epid]mis & p>5*yma ( ! leaf on :i* !y h fix$ !mselves2 !y !n draw ano!r leaf to !m1 :i* !y also dev\r1 & !n ano!r1 till ! great] "p ( ! leaves ( ! tree !y h attack$1 pres5t a f9e lace-l appe>ance1 z ?\gh !y _h be5 mac]at$4 ,did all ^! insects live to become mo?s1 !y w\ld completely de/roy n only our g>d5s1 b our =e/s1 z !y fe$ on almo/ e diff]5t k9d ( tree2 b ) t beautiful arrangem5t by :i* all ! works ( our ,great ,creator are balanc$ equally ) ea* o!r1 & none all[$ to pr$om9ate1 ^! insects are su* fav\rite food = birds1 t n a hundr$? "p ( !m are suff]$ to rea* maturity4 ,! eggs ( ! lackey mo? are (t5 f\nd fix$ on a nak$ twig1 9 w9t]1 look+ l a bracelet ( h>d beads1 & adh]+ s firmly toge!r1 t ! :ole bracelet may be slipp$ (f entire4 ,! cabbage butt]flies are also v de/ructive 9 ! l>va /ate4 ,! cat]pill>s are s(t1 ( a pale :iti% gre51 & v active1 leap+ ab\t 9 ! h& :5 tak52 & ! *rysalis1 :i* is also gre51 looks z if x 7 swa!d up l a mummy4 ,! cat]pill> ( ! beautiful little erm9e mo? is a greg>i\s fe$]1 l ! lackey cat]pill>1 & is ne>ly z de/ructive2 & x is ! m necess>y to m5tion ?is1 because ! mo? itself is s small1 s delicate1 & s quiet1 t no "o unacqua9t$ ) its habits w\ld ?9k ( kill+ x z an injuri\s insect4 ,illu/ration3 ,pat5t ,bl[] & ,fumigator4 ,! leaf-roll]s1 ! saw-flies1 & ! gnats :i* occasion ! oak-galls1 are all v de/ructive4 ,! leaves ( ! rose-tree are (t5 f\nd m>k$1 9 summ]1 ) pale-br[n zigzag l9es1 ) a n>r[ black l9e runn+ d[n ! middle ( ea*4 ,^! l9es are ! "w ( a v small orange-col\r$ cat]pill>1 n m ?an two l9es long1 t lives on ! p>5*yma ( ! leaf2 & ! pale-br[n m>k is occasion$ by ! epid]mis dry+ :]e ! pulp b5ea? x has be5 remov$4 ,! mo? is call$ ! r$-head$ pigmy1 & x is s small z n to measure m ?an two l9es & a half broad1 :5 its w+s are fully exp&$4 ,! 8worm i' ?' bud0 ( ! rose1 is ! maggot or grub ( "o ( ! k9ds ( saw-fly2 a beautiful transp>5t-w+$ little creature t no "o w\ld suspect ( spr++ f su* a frightful-look+ maggot4 ,b ( all ! insects t infe/ ! rose1 ! mo/ de/ructive are ! aphides4 ,^! little gre5 flies cov] ! t5d] leaves & buds ( ! "y %oots 9 myriads1 & are extremely difficult to de/roy1 )\t spoil+ ! appe>ance ( ! %oots t h be5 attack$ by !m4 ,tobacco-wat] is an excell5t rem$y1 if n too /rong4 ,x %\ld be made by /eep+ half-a-p\nd ( ! be/ tobacco 9 a gallon ( hot wat]2 & z soon z ! infusion has become cold1 ! "y %oots %\ld be dipp$ 9 x1 & suff]$ to rema9 a few seconds1 aft] :i* !y %\ld be imm$iately wa%$ 9 clean wat] be=e !y are suff]$ to dry4 ,if ?is be done c>efully1 ! insects w be de/roy$1 & yet ! %oots w rema9 un9jur$4 ,limewat] may also be tri$1 if no m lime be us$ ?an ! wat] w hold 9 solution2 z unless ! wat] be q cle> 9 appe>ance :5 appli$1 ! plant w be v mu* disfigur$ ) ! :ite /a9s ( ! lime4 ,ano!r means ( gett+ rid ( all noxi\s insects1 is to fumigate !m ) tobacco2 & ! be/ way ( do+ ?is is by a small brass fumigator1 :i* co/s f\r %ill+s1 appli$ to "o ( ,cl>k's pat5t bl[]s4 ,! fumigator is fill$ ) loose tobacco1 :i* is light$1 & ! brass tube is !n screw$ on ! bl[]1 & ! fume g5tly spread ?r\gh ! gre5-h\se1 or among ! plants4 ,by putt+ a little ( ! moxa or ,spani% t9d] among ! tobacco1 or us+ x alone1 cat]pill>s1 butt]flies1 snails1 c41 may be /upifi$1 :5 !y w fall f ! bran*es1 & may be ga!r$ up & de/roy$4 ,an excell5t prev5tive rem$y is to wa% ! /ems & bran*es ( decidu\s rose-trees1 9 w9t]1 ) wat] heat$ to #bjj1 or ) a mixture ( /rong tobacco-wat] & s(t-soap2 clean+ ! bran*es well at ! same "t ) a s(t bru%4 ,! ,am]ican blight :i* infe/s apple-trees is ano!r species ( aphis1 & may be de/roy$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,besides ! insects already enum]at$1 !re are sev]al k9ds ( beetles1 :i* dev\r plants bo? 9 ! l>va & p]fect /ate4 ,( ^!1 ! cock*af] rema9s 9 ! l>va /ate f\r ye>s1 & is "o ( ! mo/ de/ructive insects kn[n2 ! rose beetle1 or rose *aff] 7,cetonia aurata7 is extremely beautiful1 f its spl5did w+ cases ( burni%$ gre5 & gold4 ,^! beetles1 not)/&+ _! %ape1 :i* looks too heavy & clumsy = fly+1 may frequ5tly1 9 hot summ] wea!r1 be se5 ^u ! w+1 mak+ a l\d buzz+ noise4 ,:5 tak5 up 9 ! h&1 !y draw up _! feet1 & appe> to be dead2 b1 aft] hav+ be5 h&l$1 & ev5 toss$ ab\t = "s "t1 !y w1 if a fav\rable opportunity appe>s to (f]1 sudd5ly spread out _! w+s & buzz away1 leav+ _! captor too mu* a/oni%$ to be able to make any ef=t to reta9 !m4 ,sev]al ( ^! insects may (t5 be f\nd 9 "o rose2 b !y are suppos$ to be only engag$ 9 suck+ ! honey f ! fl[]1 & n injur+ x4 ,!y und]go _! trans=mations "u gr\nd1 & ! grubs are suppos$ to live entirely on little bits ( rott5 wood4 ,besides ! insects already m5tion$1 ! v>i\s k9ds ( weevils1 ! wire-worm1 ! ?rips1 ! r$ spid]1 or r mite 7,ac>us tel>ius71 v>i\s k9ds ( tipula1 or ,gaff] long-legs1 wood lice1 & e>?-worms1 are all f\nd on plants1 & are all m or less injuri\s to !m4 ,9 ! g5]al de/ruction ( insects1 ! ,lady-bird %\ld always be sp>$1 z1 bo? 9 its l>va & its p]fect /ate1 x lives on ! l>v ( ! gre5 fly1 or aphis4 ,snails & ,slugs are m de/ructive to vegetation ?an any k9d ( insect2 & !y are /ill m difficult to get rid (4 ,!re is a v small gray slug1 t is peculi>ly injuri\s to plants 9 pots2 ! l>ge grey is also v de/ructive1 & ! common g>d5 snail4 ,! beautifully b&$ snail 7,helix nemoralis7 is1 h[ev]1 suppos$ to live p>tly on e>?-worms1 & ! %ell slug 7,te/acella scutella7 lives entirely on !m4 ,! usual modes ( entrapp+ snails1 slugs1 & wood-lice1 are lay+ d[n slices ( raw potatoes or cabbage-leaves at night1 & exam9+ !m be=e ! dew is (f ! plants 9 ! morn+4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ?is requires v e>ly ris+1 a m conv5i5t me?od is to lay a few fl[] pots ^u _! sides1 :]e ! snails h committ$ _! ravages2 & ! snails1 :i* c nei!r move nor fe$ unless ! gr\nd be wet ) dew or ra91 w g5]ally be f\nd to take refuge 9 ! fl[] pots f ! heat ( ! sun4 ,!y are likewise (t5 f\nd 9 ! middle ( ! day1 /ick+ aga9/ walls1 "u ivy1 or box edg+s4 ,9 g>d5s v mu* infe/$ ) snails1 se>* %\ld be made 9 w9t] among all ! ivy & box 9 ! g>d52 & all ! snails f\nd 9 a torpid /ate %\ld be de/roy$4 ,?is1 ?\gh "s may escape1 w effectually prev5t !m f becom+ num]\s2 &1 z ! eggs are n laid till ,april or ,may1 c>e %\ld be tak51 be=e t season1 to de/roy all ! snails t c be f\nd4 ,! eggs are r\nd1 almo/ transp>5t1 & ( a blui% :ite2 & !y are always f\nd 9 small clu/]s1 buri$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,kit*5-,,g>d5--,,! ,,managem5t ,,( ,,cul9>y ,,vegetables4 ,9 almo/ all g>d5s1 x is cu/om>y to set ap>t a portion ( ! gr\nd = ! culture ( cul9>y vegetables2 &1 9 villas & c\ntry seats1 ?is portion is q deta*$ f ! pleasure-gr\nd1 & is call$ ! kit*5-g>d54 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 x usually consi/s ( a squ>e or oblong piece ( gr\nd1 v>y+ f "o to five acres 9 ext5t1 accord+ to ! size ( ! e/abli%m5t1 & enclos$ by a wall t5 or twelve feet high4 ,if a great] ext5t ( gr\nd ?an two or ?ree acres be requir$1 x is g5]ally laid out 9 two or m g>d5s1 communicat+ ) ea* o!r1 s z to af=d an ext5t ( wall proportionate to t ( ! gr\nd4 ,9 front ( ! wall is a bord] = ! roots ( ! fruit trees1 t5 or twelve feet wide1 & beyond t a walk usually f\r feet wide1 leav+ a plot ( gr\nd 9 ! c5tre = ! culture ( cul9>y vegetables & espali] fruit-trees4 ,! c5tral plat is usually divid$ by a ma9 walk up ! c5tre1 five or six feet wide1 & two or f\r side-walks1 ?ree or f\r feet wide2 ! small] plots enclos$ betwe5 ^! walks be+ aga9 divid$ into oblong comp>tm5ts1 or b$s4 ,! g5]al =m & arrangem5t ( all l>ge kit*5-g>d5s be+ alike1 x is obvi\s t !y mu/ h be5 det]m9$ by "s g5]al pr9ciple2 & ?is pr9ciple appe>s to be utility4 ,! walks are made /raight1 t ! heavy loads :eel$ along !m may n be 9 dang] ( ov]turn+1 :i* !y w\ld if ! walks took a s]p5t9e direction2 :ile ! comp>tm5ts are divid$ into oblong b$s1 = ! conv5i5ce ( digg+ & cropp+2 x be+ f\nd mo/ conv5i5t to s[ vegetables 9 /raight l9es1 to all[ ( we$+ & hoe+ betwe5 !m1 e>?+ up1 c4 ,= ^! reasons1 all pieces ( gr\nd 9 small g>d5s appropriat$ to ! culture ( kit*5 vegetables %\ld be made to approximate1 z closely z possible1 9 =m & g5]al arrangem5t1 to regul> kit*5 g>d5s2 &1 :]e !re is any portion ( ! gr\nd t _c be br\ght into a rectangul> %ape1 x %\ld be set aside = t>t-rhub>b1 arti*okes1 or "s o!r p]man5t crop2 & a squ>e or oblong plot 9 ! c5tre be res]v$ = peas & beans1 & o!r annual vegetables4 ,! be/ soil = a kit*5 g>d5 is a s&y loam1 & ! surface soil %\ld be f two feet to ?ree feet deep4 ,if x is on a clayey sub-soil1 e "p ( ! g>d5 %\ld be well dra9$2 z f ! quantity ( manure requir$ = cultivat+ cul9>y vegetables1 if any wat] %\ld be suff]$ to rema9 9 a /agnant /ate 9 ! soil1 x w\ld be p>ticul>ly injuri\s4 ,! gr\nd1 if possible1 %\ld slope to ! s\? or s\?-ea/2 & x %\ld1 at any rate1 be %elt]$ f ! prevail+ w9ds ( ! locality4 ,:5 !re is only "o deta*$ kit*5 g>d51 x is usual to surr\nd x entirely1 or on ?ree sides1 ) a piece ( gr\nd call$ a slip1 consi/+ ( a fruit-tree bord]1 & a walk ) p]haps a n>r[ b$ beyond x1 b\nd$ by a l[ h$ge4 ,?is is done 9 ord] t fruit-trees may be gr[n on bo? sides ( ! wall4 ,! v9]y & =c+ h\ses are g5]ally plac$ fac+ ! ma9 walk ( ! g>d52 & :at is call$ ! melon-gr\nd1 :i* =ms a small wall$ g>d51 is (t5 plac$ beh9d !m4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ess5tial2 b ! melon-gr\nd %\ld always be z ne> z possible to ! /able-(fices1 = ! conv5i5ce ( c>t+ manure2 & bo? x & ! kit*5 g>d5 %\ld be ne> ! h\se1 & h a conv5i5t road to x conceal$ f ! pleasure-gr\nd4 ,9 small suburban g>d5s !re %\ld always be a conv5i5t1 &1 if possible1 p>tially conceal$1 road = s]vants to br+ 9 vegetables2 & !re %\ld be a little plot ( gr\nd = ?yme1 m9t1 sage1 p>sley1 c41 v ne> ! kit*5 door4 ,walks4--,! obvi\s use ( walks 9 a g>d5 con/ruct$ on a g5]al pr9ciple ( utility1 is to enable ! g>d5] & o!rs to rea* e "p ( ! g>d5 z spe$ily z possible1 )\t tread+ on ! b$s2 & = ?is reason1 ?\gh ! walks are made to int]sect ea* o!r at "r angles1 x is cu/om>y 9 _m g>d5s to r\nd ! c5tral b$s adjo9+ !m at ! corn]s4 ,pa?s two feet wide are also made betwe5 ! b$s into :i* ! comp>tm5ts are divid$2 & ! b$s !mselves are nev] wid] ?an a man c conv5i5tly rea* across to ! middle to rake or hoe4 ,^! pa?s1 h[ev]1 z !y v>y accord+ to ! nature ( ! crop1 are nev] made ( any p]man5t mat]ials2 & ! :ole comp>tm5t is g5]ally dug ov] :5 necess>y1 )\t pay+ any reg>d to !m1 & re-divid$ into fre% b$s e season4 ,! walks1 on ! contr>y1 be+ int5d$ to be p]man5t1 are ( a v diff]5t nature2 &1 9 addition to _! obvi\s uses1 x is ess5tially requisite t !y %\ld be h>d & firm4 ,?is is necess>y1 z ! manure1 c4 want$ 9 a kit*5 g>d51 is g5]ally di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! g>d5 9 a :eelb>r[2 & ! weight 9 ! act ( :eel+ is pr9cipally ?r[n ^u a v n>r[ :eel1 :i*1 on s(t walks1 lit]ally pl\ghs its way ?r\gh ! gravel1 leav+ an unev5 furr[1 extremely (f5sive to ! eye4 ,to avoid ?is inconv5i5ce1 ! walks 9 kit*5 g>d5s1 :]e exp5se is n an object1 are frequ5tly made ( cem5t or asphalt1 or laid ) bricks or flag-/ones2 b z all ^! mat]ials give ! idea ( a c\rt-y>d1 r ?an a g>d51 mo/ p]sons pref] gravel walks4 ,:]e gravel is to be employ$1 ! int5d$ walks are m>k$ out ) two g>d5 l9es2 ! space betwe5 is !n dug out1 g5]ally 9 ! =m ( an inv]t$ ar*1 f "o foot to two feet deep 9 ! c5tre1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! soil1 & ! exp5se x may be ?\ght advisable to incur2 & ! excavation is fill$ to )9 six in*es ( ! top ) brick-bats1 /ones1 or any o!r h>d rubbi% t c be procur$4 ,if ! excavation be made 9 ! %ape ( an inv]t$ ar*1 9 fill+ x up ! extreme po9t ( ! ar* %\ld be left holl[ to s]ve z a dra92 & if x be made rectangul>1 a dra9 is g5]ally left on ea* side4 ,9 fill+ 9 ! rubbi% ! l>ge/ pieces are ?r[n 9 fir/1 !n small] ones1 & la/ly pieces brok5 v small1 :i* are ramm$ d[n1 or roll$1 s z to =m a smoo? surface imm$iately "u ! gravel4 ,?is is done bo? to give solidity to ! walk1 & to prev5t ! gravel f be+ wa/$ by trickl+ d[n betwe5 ! int]/ices ( ! /ones4 ,z walks c nev] be firm unless !y are kept q dry1 9 all cases !re %\ld be at lea/ "o dra9 to ea* walk4 ,! gravel be=e lay+ d[n %\ld be sift$1 & all /ones1 l>g] ?an a mod]ate-siz$ gooseb]ry1 %\ld be ?r[n out or brok52 & z soon z x is laid d[n & ev5ly spread1 x %\ld be well roll$1 previ\sly to :i*1 if x %\ld be v dry1 x ought to be spr9kl$ ) wat]4 ,if ! gravel be at all loose1 x %\ld be mix$ ) equal p>ts ( brick-du/ & ,roman cem5t be=e lay+ x d[n2 or ! gravel %\ld be mix$ ) burnt clay p[d]$1 9 ! proportion ( "o :eelb>r[ full ( clay1 to a two-horse c>tload ( gravel2 or if ! gravel be already laid1 & x is wi%$ to r5d] ! walk m firm1 p[d]$ burnt clay may be /rewn ov] x1 & rak$ 94 ,9 all ^! cases1 ! walks mu/ be imm$iately well wat]$1 & aft]w>ds heavily roll$4 ,sometimes ! clay is mix$ ) wat] be=e apply+ x to ! gravel4 ,tol]ably firm walks may be made ( sea gravel1 or p[d]$ s&/one1 :]e good gravel _c be procur$1 or ev5 ( s& by ?is treatm5t4 ,! clay may be burnt by mak+ x into a heap1 int]mix$ & surr\nd$ ) faggot wood2 or1 z a sub/itute = burn+1 x may be dri$ by spread+ x on ! top ( ! furnace or boil] employ$ to heat ! ho?\ses4 ,gravel walks are g5]ally slightly rais$ 9 ! middle1 to ?r[ (f ! wat] to ! sides2 & !y are v frequ5tly suppli$ ) grat+s1 to prev5t l>ge /ones1 or any k9d ( rubbi%1 f be+ wa%$ d[n by ! ra9 into ! dra9s s z to *oke !m up4 ,:5 ! walks 9 a kit*5 g>d5 are =m$ ( flag /ones1 artificial /one1 or brick1 ! mat]ial us$ is laid on brick ar*es or pi]s2 & :5 grass walks are employ$1 !y require no o!r prep>ation ?an m>k+ !m out on ! gr\nd1 consolidat+ x by pressure1 & !n lay+ !m ) turf4 ,grass walks 7 =m]ly common 9 kit*5-g>d5s1 b !y are manife/ly unsuitable1 be+ m injur$ ?an any o!rs by ! :eelb>r[1 & unfit to walk on 9 wet wea!r4 ,:5 gravel walks want r5ovat+1 ! gravel %\ld be loos5$ ) a pick1 turn$ ov]1 rak$1 & firmly roll$1 add+ a coat+ ( fre% gravel :]ev] x may be f\nd necess>y4 ,we$s may be prev5t$ f gr[+ on gravel walks by wat]+ ! walks ) salt & wat]4 ,! salt w also kill ! we$s already !re1 &1 if ^! are l>ge1 !y %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be ho$ up & rak$ (f4 ,box edg+s are bett] ?an any o!rs = gravel walks4 ,!y are g5]ally plant$ 9 ,m>* or ,april4 ,a g>d5 l9e be+ fir/ drawn tightly along ! e>? bord]+ ! walk2 a %all[ tr5* is !n op5$ close to ! gravel1 & ! e>? f x ?r[n on ! b$4 ,! box is pull$ into sep>ate plants1 & ! bran*es & roots ( ea* trimm$ till all ! plants are v ne>ly ( ! same size4 ,! plants are !n put into ! tr5*1 ) no e>? betwe5 !m & ! gravel2 & ! tr5* is fill$ up by draw+ ! e>? into x1 & press+ x close to ! roots1 s z to make ! plants q firm4 ,no?+ else is requisite b a few wat]+s1 till ! box beg9s to gr[2 & ! only difficulty is to keep ! plants 9 a /raight l9e1 ) ! po9ts ( _! %oots at an equal di/ance above ! soil4 ,:5 box edg+s are prun$1 !y %\ld always be cut 9 ) a knife1 & nev] clipp$ ) %e>s4 ,!y %\ld also nev] be suff]$ to gr[ too high )\t prun+2 & !y %\ld be occasionally tak5 up & replant$ wid] ap>t1 :5 _! /ems appe> to be becom+ nak$ bel[4 ,cropp+4--,! crops gr[n 9 ! op5 air 9 a kit*5-g>d5 are ( two k9ds1--^? produc$ by ! fruit trees1 & ^? ( ! h]bace\s vegetables2 & ! latt] are aga9 divid$ into ! p]man5t crops1 & ! tempor>y ones4 ,! p]man5t crops are ^? :i* rema9 = a numb] ( ye>s 9 "o place1 produc+ a crop1 ye> aft] ye>1 f ! same roots2 su* z asp>agus1 arti*okes1 rhub>b1 c43 :ile ! tempor>y crops are ^? t require s[+ or fre% plant+ e ye>1 & ^! %\ld nev] be s[n = two ye>s 9 succession on ! same gr\nd4 ,,p]man5t ,,crops4--,9 regul> kit*5 g>d5s1 x is ( v little consequ5ce :]e ! p]man5t crops are plac$1 z e "p ( ! gr\nd is g5]ally alike accessible f ! walks1 & alike suitable = cultivation4 ,b 9 small g>d5s ! case is diff]5t2 & !re are g5]ally "s awkw>d corn]s1 :i* are be/ set ap>t = ! la/+ crops4 ,! "p to be s[n annually %\ld be always divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 9 ord] to manage prop]ly ! rotation ( crops4 ,asp>agus ,b$s4--,( all ! p]man5t crops gr[n 9 a g>d51 ! "o :i* requires mo/ prep>ation is asp>agus4 ,x is n p]haps g5]ally kn[n t ?is plant is a native ( ,brita92 b ! fact is1 t x gr[s wild 9 sev]al places bo? 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,! cultivat$ plant is1 h[ev]1 ( c\rse1 v diff]5t f ! wild "o2 =1 :ile ! latt] is meagre1 insipid1 & v t\gh1 ! =m] is n only succul5t & f9ely flav\r$1 b gr[s to an enorm\s size4 ,!re are ?ree sorts ( asp>agus gr[n = ! ,london m>ket3 ! ,batt]sea1 :i* has a ?ick :iti% /alk1 only j tipp$ ) a p9ki% head2 ! ,graves5d1 :i* is mu* m sl5d]1 & has bo? ! /alk & head gre52 & ! ,giant1 :i* is an enorm\s v>iety ( ! fir/4 ,asp>agus is always rais$ f se$2 b1 z ! /alks are n fit to cut till ! roots are two or ?ree ye>s old1 p]sons wi%+ to plant an asp>agus b$ g5]ally pur*ase "o-ye> or two-ye>s' old plants f a nurs]yman4 ,asp>agus plants require a light1 ri*1 s&y loam1 & ! gr\nd 9 :i* !y are to be plant$ is always fir/ tr5*$ f ?ree to f\r feet deep1 or ev5 m1 & pl5ty ( /able dung is buri$ at ! bottom ( ! tr5*2 ! b$s are !n m>k$ out f\r feet wide1 ) pa?s two feet wide left betwe51 & ! plants are plant$ 9 r[s ab\t six in*es deep 7! cr[n ( ! root be+ left ab\t two in*es bel[ ! surface71 & n9e in*es ap>t4 ,! b$s are g5]ally cov]$ dur+ w9t] ) rott5 manure1 :i* is =k$ 91 & ! b$s rak$ 9 spr+2 & ?is treatm5t %\ld be repeat$ e ye>1 or e two or ?ree ye>s at f>!/1 ! b$s be+ slightly cov]$1 9 ! int]m$iate ye>s1 ) litt]1 leaves1 c41 :i* may be rak$ (f 9 spr+4 ,! /alks %\ld n be cut till ! ?ird ye> aft] plant+2 b1 aft] t1 ! roots w cont9ue to produce freely = twelve or f\rte5 ye>s4 ,asp>agus is cut g5]ally a little bel[ ! surface1 ) a %>p knife1 slant+ upw>ds2 & ! m>ket-g>d5]s cut all ! %oots produc$ = two mon?s1--say f ,april till ,midsumm]1--b suff] all ! %oots t pu% up aft] t p]iod to exp& _! leaves1 9 ord] t !y may elaborate _! sap1 & ?us /r5g!n ! roots4 ,:ole fields ( ?is plant are cultivat$ by ! m>ket-g>d5]s ne> ,london1 to ! ext5t1 z x is said1 ( f eighty to a hundr$ acres1 *iefly ne> ,mortlake1 ,batt]sea1 & ,dept=d4 ,dur+ ! la/ f\r or five ye>s1 ^! fields1 & _m private g>d5s ne> ,london1 h be5 infe/$ ) a mo/ beautiful little beetle1 /rip$ ) r$1 black1 & blue1 :i* eats ?r\gh ! %oots close to ! gr\nd almo/ z soon z !y appe>4 ,asp>agus is g5]ally =c$ by cov]+ ! b$s ) manure1 & by deep5+ ! alleys betwe5 ! b$s1 & fill+ !m ) manure also4 ,sea-,kale4--,ab\t sev5ty ye>s ago1 ,dr4 ,lettsom1 a celebrat$ physician & botani/ ( t day1 happ5$ to be travell+ ne> ,s\?ampton1 :5 he obs]v$ "s plants pu%+ _! way up ?r\gh ! sea-s&4 ,f9d+ ! %oots ( ^! plants q succul5t1 he enquir$ ( "s p]son 9 ! neighb\rhood if !y 7 ev] eat51 & 0 answ]$1 t ! c\ntry p _h be5 9 ! habit ( boil+ ^! %oots & eat+ !m z a vegetable f "t immemorial4 ,! doctor ta/$ !m1 & f\nd !m s good1 t he took "s se$ to 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,curtis1 ! orig9ator ( ! 8,botanical ,magaz9e10 :o _h !n a nurs]y 9 ,lambe? ,m>%4 ,mr4 ,curtis wrote a book ab\t ! plant :i* br\ght x into notice1 & he sold ! se$ 9 small packets at a high price3 & ?us1 ?is long neglect$ ,briti% plant1 :i* = s _m ye>s 0 only eat5 by ! poore/ fi%]m51 became our highly priz$ & mu* e/eem$ sea-kale1 :i* is n[ s great a fav\rite at ! tables ( ! ri*4 ,sea-kale is rais$ ei!r f se$s or cutt+s ( ! roots4 ,9 ei!r case1 :5 ! plants are a ye> old1 !y are put into a b$ ?or\ghly prep>$ z if = asp>agus1 & plant$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! fir/ ye> ! plants w require little c>e1 except cutt+ d[n ! fl[]-/ems :]ev] !y appe>2 b ! second ye> !y w be ready = =c+4 ,?is is p]=m$ by cov]+ ! plants fir/ ) riv]-s&2 !n turn+ :at are call$ sea-kale pots ov] !m1 & la/ly1 cov]+ ! pots to ! dep? ( fifte5 or tw5ty in*es ) fre% /able dung1 ! heat f :i* w draw ! %oots up1 & make !m succul5t & fit to eat4 ,arti*okes are ano!r k9d ( p]man5t crop1 b !y are n suitable = gr[+ 9 a small g>d54 ,! arti*oke is a native ( ,italy1 said to h be5 introduc$ 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,x is propagat$ by division1 & requires a light1 ri*1 & r moi/ soil4 ,manure %\ld be laid betwe5 ! r[s e autumn1 & ! plants cov]$ ) /raw 9 sev]e wea!r 9 w9t]4 ,arti*oke-plants d n cont9ue to produce good heads long] ?an six or sev5 ye>s2 b "y plants come into be>+ ! second ye> aft] transplant+4 ,/rawb]ries4--,?\gh /rawb]ries %\ld be prop]ly includ$ 9 ! li/ ( fruits1 !y are g5]ally class$ by g>d5]s among ! p]man5t h]bace\s crops 9 a kit*5-g>d54 ,!re are a great v>iety ( nam$ sorts gr[n 9 g>d5s2 b !y are mo/ly v>ieties or sub-v>ieties ( ?ree species1 viz43 ! ,p9e 7,frag>ia gr&iflora71 :i* is suppos$ to be orig9ally f ,sur9am2 ! ,*ili 7,f4 ,*il5sis71 & ! ,sc>let 7,f4 ,virg9iana74 ,( ^! ! p9e-/rawb]ries are l>ge1 pale 9 col\r1 b ) sc>let fle%1 & ( a v f9e & delicate flav\r4 ,! be/ /rawb]ries are ,ke5's se$l+1 & ! old p9e2 ! ,*ili /rawb]ries 7"o ( :i* is ,wilmot's ,sup]b7 h v l>ge fruit1 ) :ite fle%1 b possess v little flav\r2 & ! sc>let-/rawb]ries h small1 bright-r$1 slightly acid fruit1 :i* is pr9cipally us$ = ice-creams & pres]v+4 ,to ^! may be add$ ! ,hautbois 7,f4 elatior71 :i*1 ?\gh s (t5 m5tion$ by ! /reet v5dors1 is 9 reality v seldom gr[n1 f ! fruit1 :i* is small & blacki%1 be+ r>ely produc$ 9 any quantity2 ! ,gre5 /rawb]ries 7,f4 coll9a & ,f4 virides72 ! ,alp9e /rawb]ries 7,f4 semp]flor5s72 & ! common wild ,wood /rawb]ry 7,f4 vesca74 ,/rawb]ries %\ld be gr[n on ri* loamy soil1 & !y are g5]ally plant$ 9 b$s ?ree feet wide1 ?ree r[s 9 a b$4 ,e ye>1 ! /ronge/ ( ! runn]s %\ld be tak5 (f1 & plant$ to =m a succession crop1 z ! b$s seldom rema9 good m ?an ?ree or f\r ye>s4 ,:5 ! old b$s are suff]$ to rema91 !y %\ld be cov]$ ) manure 9 w9t] to be =k$ 9 9 spr+4 ,:5 /rawb]ries are want$ = =c+1 pots are plac$ ne> ! b$s1 & ! runn]s are plac$ ov] !m1 & kept d[n ) a /one1 or hook$ d[n ) pegs to root4 ,t>t ,rhub>b4--,! "p ( ! rhub>b us$ = mak+ pies & pudd+s is ! foot/alk ( ! leaf2 & ! k9ds usually gr[n 9 g>d5s = ?is purpose are ,rheum ,rhaponticum1 a native ( ,asia introduc$ 9 #aegc1 & ,rheum ,undulatum1 a native ( ,*9a introduc$ 9 #agcd4 ,rheum ,palmatum1 ! leaves ( :i* are v deeply cut ) po9t$ segm5ts1 is g5]ally suppos$ to be ! k9d1 ! root ( :i* is us$ 9 m$ic9e1 "u ! "n ( ,turkey ,rhub>b4 ,buck's ,el=d1 or ,sc>let ,rhub>b1 has sl5d] /alks1 b is valuable = its beautiful col\r2 & ! ,tobolsk1 ! ,giant1 & ! ,victoria ,rhub>b1 are rem>kable = ! enorm\s size ( _! /alks4 ,rheum ,au/rale1 :i* is by "s said to be ! m$ic9al k9d1 & :i* is only lately introduc$1 has also enorm\s leaves1 & v long ?ick /alks1 ! sk9 ( :i* is r\gh1 :ile ! pulp ta/es l t ( apples4 ,rhub>b is ei!r rais$ f se$1 or propagat$ by (fsets1 or divid+ ! cr[n ( ! root4 ,! se$ is s[n 9 ,april1 9 light ri* soil1 & ! plants are prick$ out 9 autumn into a b$ ( ri* s&y loam :i* has be5 dug ov]1 or tr5*$ to ! dep? ( eighte5 in*es or two feet4 ,! plants require no o!r c>e ?an an occasional autumn or spr+ coat+ ( manure to be slightly =k$ 91 ?is dress+ to be only appli$1 :51 f ! leaves & /alks produc$ be+ small] ?an usual1 ! roots appe> to want n\ri%m5t2 & if !y seem cr[d$1 !y may be occasionally tak5 up & replant$ fur!r ap>t4 ,rhub>b may be =c$ by cov]+ x ) pots & manure1 l sea-kale2 or ! roots may be plant$ 9 a box1 & kept 9 ! h\se on a /ove1 or ne> ! fire 9 ! kit*51 cov]+ ! box ) a ba/ mat to keep ! plant 9 d>kness & free f ! du/1 & wat]+ x frequ5tly4 ,horse radi% gr[s be/ 9 ri* alluvial soil2 & x is propagat$ by cutt+s ( ! cr[ns ( ! roots1 ea* ab\t two in*es long4 ,! gr\nd is !n prep>$ by tr5*+ at lea/ two feet deep1 & ! cutt+s or sets are plant$ 9 a k9d ( furr[ ab\t fifte5 in*es deep1 ) _! cr[ns upw>ds4 ,! second ye> ! roots may be tak5 up1 & ! cr[ns cut (f & replant$4 ,z ! sets are plant$ 9 ,m>*1 & ! leaves seldom beg9 to appe> till ! foll[+ ,june or ,july1 x is cu/om>y to s[ a light crop1 ( lettuce = example1 or sp9age1 on ! surface ( ! gr\nd ov] ! horse radi% sets2 :i* crop is cle>$ (f 9 "t to make way = ! leaves ( ! true crop4 ,:5 ! /icks ( horse-radi% are tak5 up1 !y may be kept 9 s& 9 a cell> or out-h\se till want$ = use4 ,,tempor>y ,,crops1 ,,& ,,_! ,,rotation4--,x has be5 already obs]v$1 t tempor>y crops %\ld nev] be gr[n two ye>s 9 succession on ! same gr\nd2 & ! reason = ?is has be5 already allud$ to "u ! head ( transplant+4 ,x is1 t ! roots ( plants e ye> ?r[ out a quantity ( excrem5titi\s matt] t !y ei!r w n reimbibe1 or t is injuri\s to !m2 & t ?us1 ! gr\nd 9 :i* !y h be5 gr[n "o ye>1 becomes unfit = !m to gr[ 9 ! next4 ,?is dang] is obviat$ 9 ! case ( p]5nial plants1 & trees & %rubs1 by ! con/ant elongation ( ! roots1 :i* spread f>!r & f>!r e ye>1 beyond ! influ5ce ( ! un:olesome soil4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! case ) annuals1 z ! roots ( ! plants ( "o ye> are no long] ?an ^? 7 ( ! plants ( ! prec$+ ye>2 & consequ5tly z e ye>'s plants occupy exactly ! same gr\nd1 :5 annuals are s[n = sev]al ye>s 9 ! same soil !y mu/ deg5]ate2 or1 9 o!r words1 become weak & small1 f n hav+ en\gh ( :olesome food1 or f be+ =c$ to take food un:olesome = !m4 ,n[ x has be5 f\nd1 t excrem5titi\s matt]1 ?\gh poison\s to ! plant t exudes x1 is extremely n\ri%+ to o!r plants1 completely diff]+ f ! fir/ 9 nature2 & :at is meant by ! rotation ( crops1 is ! art ( mak+ plants ( opposite natures succe$ ea* o!r1 till ! gr\nd %all be s completely cle>$ ( ! excrem5titi\s matt] exud$ by ! fir/ crop1 z to be ready to receive x aga94 ,x is true t ! same gr\nd may occasionally be made to be> ! same crops = sev]al successive ye>s1 by copi\s manur+1 or by tr5*+2 b 9 bo? cases ! evil is ov]come by supply+ ! plant ) abundance ( n\ri%m5t1 & ?us prev5t+ x f be+ driv5 to ! necessity ( tak+ un:olesome food4 ,9 fix+ ! rotation ( crops1 plants diff]+ z mu* z possible 9 _! habits %\ld be *os5 to succe$ ea* o!r2 z1 = example1 onions may be succe$$ by lettuces2 c>rots by peas2 potatoes by cabbage2 turnips by sp9a*1 c4 ,! ,cabbage ,tribe4--,few p]sons unacqua9t$ ) botany w be able to believe t brocoli1 caulifl[]s1 cabbages1 ,scot* or ,g]man ,gre5s1 ,brussels spr\ts & savoys1 n only all belong to "o g5us1 b are actually v>ieties ( "o species ( a g5us1 viz4 ,brassica ol]acea2 & t ! turnip1 ! ,sw$i% turnip1 & ! rape 7! se$ ( :i* is us$ = oil71 belong to o!r species ( ! same g5us4 ,! cabbage1 9 its wild /ate1 is a bi5nial :i* gr[s naturally on ! sea-coa/ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,engl&1 & is a tall /raggl+ plant ) loose leaves1 & a r pretty yell[ crucif]\s fl[]4 ,! borecole or kale is ! fir/ improvem5t effect$ by cultivation2 & ! caulifl[] ! la/4 ,inde$ x is impossible to imag9e a great] diff]5ce betwe5 any species & v>iety1 ?an exi/s betwe5 ! caulifl[] & ! orig9al wild cabbage plant4 ,all ! v>ieties ( ! cabbage tribe require a soil :i* has be5 enri*$ ) abundance ( animal manure2 & :5 decay+1 !y h all a peculi>ly (f5sive smell l t ( putrid meat1 f ! l>ge quantity ( azote t !y conta94 ,! ,cabbage4--,! ^w 8cabbage10 9 its orig9al signification1 means a firm head or ball ( leaves fold$ closely ov] ea* o!r2 & ?us1 !re is a cabbage lettuce1 & a cabbage rose4 ,! cabbages gr[n 9 g>d5s are usually s[n at ?ree diff]5t times2 = ! spr+1 summ]1 & autumn crop4 ,! spr+ cabbages are s[n 9 summ] g5]ally ab\t ! fir/ week 9 ,augu/1 9 an op5 airy situation1 & 9 light soil4 ,:5 !y come up1 !y are ?9n$2 & 9 ,octob] or ,novemb] !y are ready = plant+ out 9 r[s1 twelve or eighte5 in*es ap>t1 into ! b$s :]e !y are to cabbage4 ,9 small g>d5s1 cabbages are seldom rais$ f se$2 b ! plants are pur*as$ :5 ready = plant+ out4 ,! summ] crop is s[n 9 ,febru>y1 & plant$ out 9 r[s eighte5 in*es or two feet ap>t2 & ! autumn crop is s[n 9 ,may1 & plant$ out 9 ,july1 g5]ally eighte5 in*es ap>t e way4 ,all cabbages require a ri* soil1 & frequ5t hoe+ up2 & 9 dry wea!r !y %\ld be wat]$ to make !m succul5t4 ,! /alks ( ! spr+ cabbages are g5]ally pull$ up & c>ri$ to ! refuse heap z soon z ! cabbages are cut2 b ! /alks ( ! summ] & autumn k9ds are left /&+1 t !y may ?r[ out :at are call$ spr\ts4 ,! culture ( ! r$ cabbage is exactly ! same2 except t !re is no spr+ crop1 & ! /alks are nev] left /&+ = spr\ts4 ,"s g>d5]s s[ only "o crop ( gre5 cabbages1 & leave ! /alks /&+ to produce spr\ts all ! re/ ( ! ye>4 ,:5 ! cabbage /alk is left = spr\ts1 x is cu/om>y1 aft] cutt+ ! cabbage1 to give ! /alk two cuts across1 s z to divide ! top into f\r2 z :5 ?is is done1 x is ?\ght to produce spr\ts ) m c]ta9ty4 ,coleworts are "y cabbages ga!r$ be=e !y =m a head2 & !y are g5]ally s[n 9 ,june or ,july = an autumn1 w9t]1 or e>ly spr+ crop4 ,z !y are always eat5 "y1 !y ne$ n be plant$ m ?an t5 or twelve in*es ap>t e way2 & :5 !y are ga!r$ ! /alks are always pull$ up & ?r[n away4 ,savoys & ,brussels spr\ts4--,savoys are l>ge cabbages ) wr9kl$ leaves1 ! se$ ( :i* is s[n ab\t ! end ( ,m>*1 9 ord] t ! crop may be ready = ! table 9 ,novemb]4 ,! culture is ! same z t ( cabbages1 except t z ! savoys are l>ge1 !y %\ld be plant$ out 9 ! b$ :]e !y are to cabbage1 two feet ap>t e way4 ,brussels spr\ts are a v>iety ( ! savoy cabbage2 ! plants fir/ produce a small savoy on an elongat$ /alk1 & :5 ?is is cut (f1 ! long /alk ?r[s out a numb] ( little cabbages f its sides1 :i* are ! ,brussels spr\ts4 ,! culture is ! same z = ! ,savoys1 except t ! plants1 z !y d n spread1 ne$ n be m ?an a foot or eighte5 in*es ap>t e way2 & t ! se$ is g5]ally procur$ f ,brussels1 z t rip5$ 9 ,engl& is said to produce inf]ior plants4 ,bo? savoys & ,brussels spr\ts are mu* bett] if n cut till !re has be5 "s fro/ ^u !m2 & !y are consequ5tly ( great value z w9t] vegetables4 ,brocoli & ,caulifl[]4--,! caulifl[] 7! "n ( :i* is suppos$ to be d]iv$ f caulis1 a /alk1 & flor5s1 fl[]+17 is a native ( ,cyprus1 introduc$ 9 #afid2 & no "o unacqua9t$ ) ! details ( its culture1 & :o has se5 ! imm5se quantities br\ght to ! ,london m>ket1 c\ld cr$it ! extraord9>y c>e be/[$ on ea* plant to br+ x to p]fection4 ,caulifl[]s take ne>ly a ye> f _! fir/ s[+ to br+ !m into a /ate fit = ! table2 & z ! plants are too t5d] to be> an ,engli% w9t] )\t protection1 !y require to be gr[n 9 frames1 or %elt]$ by h& glasses dur+ fro/y wea!r4 ,! se$ is s[n 9 ,augu/1 9 a b$ ( ri* light e>?1 & ! gr\nd is occasionally wat]$ till ! plants appe>4 ,!y are !n %ad$ ) mats dur+ ! heat ( ! day1 & ?9n$ out1 s z to leave ! plants a little di/ance ap>t4 ,9 ,septemb] !y are prick$ out into b$s ( ri* e>?1 & wat]$ & %ad$2 & ab\t ! end ( ,octob]1 or beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 !y are transplant$ into frames1 or into b$s1 ri*ly manur$ ) rott5 dung1 spread ov] ! gr\nd ?ree or f\r in*es ?ick1 & tr5*$ 91 a spade deep2 aft] :i*1 !y are wat]$ & cov]$ ) h&-glasses4 ,dur+ ! :ole w9t] !y require con/ant att5tion1 slightly wat]+ !m1 & rais+ ! glasses to give !m air 9 f9e wea!r2 & cov]+ up ! glasses closely ) mats or /raw 9 sev]e fro/s1 & dur+ ! cont9uance ( %>p w9ds4 ,!y mu/ also be frequ5tly look$ at1 to pick (f decay$ leaves1 c41 :i* might rot ! /em2 & ! gr\nd 9 :i* !y gr[ mu/ be /rew$ ) a mixture ( lime & soot1 to protect !m f ! attacks ( cat]pill>s & slugs4 ,c>e mu/ also be tak5 by giv+ air1 c41 to prev5t !m f be+ drawn up1 or runn+ to fl[] too soon4 ,at l5g? spr+ arrives1 & ! plants :i* h safely surviv$ ! w9t] mu/ be look$ ov]1 & ?9n$ out s t only "o or two may be left to ea* glass2 ! e>? is !n loos5$1 ! plants regul>ly wat]$1 & ! glasses tak5 (f 9 ! middle ( ! day1 b c>efully replac$ at night4 ,at la/1 t[>ds ! end ( ,april1 ! glasses are remov$ altoge!r1 & 9 ,may "s ( ! plants w beg9 to make heads2 b ev5 !n ! c>e be/[$ on !m mu/ n cease4 ,! plants mu/ be exam9$ daily1 & "s ( ! leaves turn$ d[n ov] ! fl[]s1 to pres]ve !m f ! rays ( ! sun1 :i* w\ld turn !m br[n1 & f ! ra9 :i* w\ld rot !m4 ,at l5g?1 ab\t ! end ( ,may1 or 9 ,june & ,july1 ! caulifl[]s are ready = ! m>ket2 & little d ! pur*as]s ( !m ?9k ( ! lab\r & unremitt+ att5tion :i*1 = s _m mon?s1 h be5 requir$ to re> !m4 ,a second crop1 s[n 9 ,febru>y & plant$ out 9 ,april1 w be ready 9 ,augu/2 & a ?ird crop1 s[n 9 ,may & plant$ out 9 ,july1 w be 9 p]fection ab\t ,mi*aelmas or ,octob]1 & may be pres]v$ 9 mild wea!r till ne> ,*ri/mas4 ,brocoli is g5]ally suppos$ to be a v>iety ( ! caulifl[]2 b x diff]s ess5tially1 bo? 9 be+ mu* h>di]1 & 9 be+ v apt to v>y4 ,?us1 :ile only two k9ds ( caulifl[] are kn[n1 ! e>ly & ! late1 & ev5 ^! c h>dly be di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r1--!re are t5 or twelve di/9ct sorts ( brocoli1 & m are be+ rais$ e day4 ,all ^! k9ds1 h[ev]1 appe> to h sprung f two1 ! purple & ! gre51 :i* are said to h be5 br\ght f ,italy4 ,brocoli is gr[n = ! table 9 autumn1 w9t]1 & e>ly spr+2 b !re is no summ] crop4 ,! pr9cipal seasons = s[+ are ,febru>y & ,april = ! autumn & w9t] crops1 & ,june = ! spr+ crop2 & ! plants succe$ be/ 9 fre% loamy soil1 or1 if ?is _c be procur$1 9 gr\nd t has be5 deeply tr5*$ & well manur$4 ,! culture is l t ( cabbages1 except t1 9 v sev]e w9t]s1 ! plants require a little protection4 ,! ,borecole is g5]ally kn[n 9 ,engl& by ! "n ( ,scot* kale1 & 9 ,scotl& by t ( ,g]man gre5s4 ,!re are _m diff]5t sub-v>ieties1 f\rte5 ( :i* are enum]at$ 9 ! ,ency4 ( ,g>d42 b all ! k9ds agree 9 be+ g5]ally s[n 9 ,april1 & transplant$ 9 ,june4 ,!y require no o!r culture1 except hoe+ & e>?+ up2 &1 z !y are exce$+ly h>dy1 !y are v valuable vegetables = w9t] use4 ,! ,legum9\s tribe4--,vegetables belong+ to ?is tribe g5]ally occupy ! gr\nd b a few mon?s 9 ! summ]1 & are ?us v suitable1 9 ! rotation ( crops1 to prec$e or foll[ ^? ( ! cabbage tribe1 :i* occupy ! gr\nd ! great] "p ( a ye>4 ,peas4--,! li/ ( peas is almo/ int]m9able1 & x is cont9ually *ang+2 s t :at may be consid]$ ! fa%ionable peas ( "o season are g5]ally sup]s$$ ! next by "s o!rs1 to :i* e possible m]it is attribut$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s v di/9ct k9ds1 ! pr9cipal ( :i* are--! dw>f e>ly k9ds1 :i* are dry & mealy :5 full-gr[n1 & become :iti% :5 !y are old2 ! ,prussian & m>r[-fat peas1 :i* are s(t & juicy1 ) a ri* m>r[y flav\r1 & :i* rema9 gre5 ev5 :5 q ripe2 & ! sug> peas1 :i* are boil$1 l kidney beans1 9 _! pods4 ,! soil = peas %\ld be a light1 dry1 s&y loam1 tol]ably ri*1 b n fre%ly-manur$2 &1 = ?is reason1 !y are p>ticul>ly well adapt$ to succe$ any ( ! cabbage-tribe1 = :i* a great deal ( manure is requir$4 ,!y %\ld g5]ally h an op5 sunny situation2 & ! e>ly crops %\ld be %elt]$ f ! prevail+ w9ds ( ! di/rict4 ,if peas are s[n 9 fre%ly-manur$1 v moi/1 or clayey soil1 !y w run to haulm1 t is1 !y w produce m leaves & /alks ?an peas3 &1 if gr[n 9 calc>e\s soil1 !y w boil h>d & t\gh1 ev5 :5 "y1 & :5 old w nev] become fl\ry4 ,! e>ly peas are small1 & few 9 ea* pod1 & ) s little flav\r1 t we nev] h !m s[n 9 our little g>d51 b h ! gre5 ,prussians s[n e>ly = a fir/ crop1 & aga91 a little lat]1 = a second4 ,! e>ly dw>f peas are1 inde$1 ( little use1 except = =c+4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 frequ5tly s[n 9 ,novemb] & ,decemb]1 to /& ! w9t] 9 ! op5 bord]1 9 ord] t !y may produce a crop ! foll[+ ,may or ,june4 ,:5 =c$1 !y are s[n 9 pots plung$ 9 a hotb$1 & transplant$ into ! op5 bord] 9 ,m>*2 turn+ !m out ( ! pots into holes made to receive !m1 )\t break+ ! balls ( e>? r\nd ! roots4 ,9 "s cases1 !y are fruit$ 9 pots plac$ 9 a gre5h\se1 or ev5 /ove2 by :i* means1 :5 x is ?\ght wor? :ile to incur ! exp5se1 fre% gre5 peas may be _h at ,*ri/mas4 ,! ma9 crop ( e>ly peas is1 h[ev]1 s[n 9 ,febru>y4 ,a p9t ( small e>ly peas w s[ tw5ty y>ds ( drills2 ea* drill be+ "o in* & a half deep1 & ! drills two or ?ree feet asund]4 ,! drills are m>k$ out by /ret*+ a g>d5-l9e l5g?ways along ! b$1 & !n mak+ a drill or furr[ along x ) a dibb]2 ! e>? is press$ firm at ! bottom ( ! drill by ! v act ( mak+ x1 & ! peas are !n di/ribut$ along x1 two or ?ree to e in*1 or wid] ap>t1 accord+ to _! size1 & cov]$ ) soil1 :i* is g5]ally trodd5 d[n or roll$4 ,:5 attacks are appreh5d$ f mice1 dri$ furze is g5]ally /rew$ ov] ! peas z soon z !y are put into ! gr\nd1 & be=e !y are cov]$ ) e>?2 & ?is is efficaci\s1 n only 9 protect+ ! peas f _! enemies1 b 9 keep+ en\gh air ab\t !m to all[ !m to vegetate4 ,!y %\ld !n be well wat]$1 & w require no fur!r c>e till !y come up4 ,:5 !y are two or ?ree in*es high1 !y %\ld be ho$2 t is1 ! we$s :i* may h sprung up betwe5 ! r[s %\ld be ho$ up1 & ! e>? drawn up to ! roots ( ! peas4 ,:5 ab\t six in*es high1 !y %\ld be /ak$1 ) two r[s ( /icks to ea* r[ ( peas2 ! /icks be+ ab\t a foot high] ?an ! av]age height ( ! peas1 & c>e be+ tak5 nev] to let !m cross at top4 ,late peas only diff] 9 _! culture f ! e>ly crops 9 hav+ _! drills f>!r ap>t1 & 9 be+ plac$ f>!r ap>t 9 ! drills4 ,a p9t ( ^! peas is calculat$ to s[ ?irty-?ree y>ds ( r[s1 & ! peas ( ! l>g] k9ds %\ld be f "o in* to two in*es1 or ev5 m ap>t 9 ! drills4 ,dw>f ,m>r[fats & ,blue ,prussians are1 h[ev]1 frequ5tly s[n ab\t ?ree 9 two in*es4 ,! "t ( s[+ usually v>ies f ,april to ,july2 b :]e no e>ly peas are gr[n1 ev5 ! late k9ds may be s[n z e>ly z ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,! tall-gr[+ k9ds %\ld1 h[ev]1 nev] be suff]$ to /& ! w9t]2 & !y %\ld n be s[n be=e ,m>*1 unless ! wea!r appe> likely to be op51 on acc\nt ( ! great] difficulties att5d+ tall-gr[+ plants4 ,x may inde$ be "h obs]v$1 ?\gh ! fact is obvi\s1 t all dw>f-gr[+ plants are mu* bett] adapt$ = =c+1 ?an ! tall-gr[+ k9ds2 f _! be+ mu* m easily %elt]$ & protect$4 ,peas %\ld always be eat5 :5 fre%ly ga!r$1 z !y are p]haps m injur$ by keep+ ?an any o!r vegetable4 ,! pea is a native ( ! s\? ( ,europe1 & x is suppos$ to h be5 introduc$ 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,beans1 ?\gh belong+ to ! same natural ord] z peas1 & g5]ally class$ ) !m by p]sons speak+ ( g>d5 products1 yet diff] 9 sev]al v important p>ticul>s3 = in/ance1 !y w gr[ 9 mu* /rong] soil2 !y d n require /icks2 & !y are g5]ally topp$1 t is1 ! lead+ %oot ( ea* plant is cut (f1 an op]ation t w\ld be fatal to peas4 ,!re are _m diff]5t k9ds ( beans1 ?\gh n s _m z ( peas2 & ! diff]5t v>ieties may be divid$ into ! e>ly & ! late4 ,! e>ly beans may be s[n 9 drills 9 ,novemb] or ,decemb]1 to /& ! w9t]2 b ! ma9 crop is g5]ally s[n 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y4 ,! late beans are s[n 9 ,m>* & ,april1 & "s ev5 s late z ,june2 & in/ead ( drills1 a hole is made = ea* bean sep>ately ) a dibb]4 ,bo? sorts are cov]$ ) e>?1 :i* is press$ d[n & !n wat]$2 & !y require no fur!r c>e till ! beans are ?ree or f\r in*es high1 :5 !y %\ld be ho$ & e>!d up4 ,z soon z ! plants come into blossom1 ! tops are cut (f2 & ?is is said n only to increase ! crop1 b to prev5t ! plants f be+ attack$ ) ! insect call$ ! black blight4 ,! crop %\ld be ga!r$ :5 ! beans are ab\t half ripe4 ,! bean is said to be a native ( ,egypt2 & x is suppos$ to h be5 br\ght to ,engl& by ! ,romans4 ,kidney-,beans diff] f ! o!r legum9\s vegetables1 9 _! pods be+ eat54 ,!re are two di/9ct k9ds1 ! ,dw>f ,kidney-,beans1 & ! ,sc>let-,runn]s2 & ^! are aga9 divid$ into num]\s subdivisions4 ,! soil = ! dw>f k9ds %\ld be simil> to t = peas3 viz41 ri*1 light1 & dry1 b n newly manur$2 & x %\ld h be5 well pulv]iz$ to ! dep? ( a foot or eighte5 in*es4 ,! drills are g5]ally made ab\t two in*es deep2 & two feet or two feet & a half ap>t4 ,! se$s are s[n ! fir/ or second week 9 ,may4 ,z ! plants gr[1 !y may be e>!d up2 & if ! plants are v vigor\s1 & appe> dispos$ to run to haulm1 a few ( ! lead+ %oots may h _! tops p9*$ (f2 b ?is %\ld be done c>efully1 & ! op]ation conf9$ to a few ( ! /ronge/ gr[+ plants4 ,! sc>let-runn]s require ne>ly ! same culture1 except t ! se$s %\ld be s[n two or ?ree in*es asund]1 & only lightly cov]$2 & t ! r[s %\ld be at lea/ ?ree feet ap>t4 ,! se$s are cov]$ lightly1 z abundance ( bo? air & moi/ure are requir$ to make se$s envelop$ 9 s ?ick a sk9 g]m9ate2 & ! r[s mu/ be wide ap>t on acc\nt ( _! height1 z o!rwise ! crop w\ld n get en\gh sun & air4 ,! sc>let-runn] is prop]ly a p]5nial1 & if ! plants are cut d[n to ! gr\nd aft] produc+ _! crop1 & _! roots are cov]$ ) dry litt]1 !y w produce an e>ly & abundant crop ! foll[+ summ]4 ,kidney-beans are v frequ5tly =c$ ne>ly 9 ! same mann] z peas2 viz41 by s[+ !m 9 pots plung$ 9 a hot-b$1 & !n remov+ !m to a hot-h\se or gre5-h\se 7accord+ to ! season7 to fruit4 ,sometimes !y are s[n 9 ! e>? ( ! hot-b$1 & fruit$ !re l cucumb]s4 ,! dw>f kidney-bean is a native ( ,india1 & 0 introduc$ be=e ! "t ( ,g]>d2 b ! sc>let-runn] is a native ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & 0 n introduc$ till #afcc1 :5 x 0 at fir/ only cultivat$ 9 ! fl[]-g>d5 z an ornam5tal plant1 & x is treat$ z su* by all ! e>ly writ]s on fl[]s4 ,! ,potatoe is a native ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 b x 0 fir/ br\ght to ,engl& by ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 f ,virg9ia4 ,x 0 h5ce call$ ! ,potatoe ( ,virg9ia2 & x 0 at its fir/ introduction ?\ght v inf]ior to ! ,convolvulus ,batatus1 :i* 0 call$ ! ,spani% ,potatoe1 & to ! ,j]usalem ,arti*oke1 :i* 0 call$ ! ,potatoe ( ,canada1 f its hav+ be5 fir/ tak5 f ,s\? ,am]ica to ,canada1 be=e x 0 br\ght to ,engl&4 ,ab\t tw5ty or ?irty sorts ( ! common potatoe are n[ cultivat$ = ! table2 b s l>ge a quantity is want$ 9 almo/ e family1 t few p]sons attempt to gr[ _! ma9 crop 9 a g>d54 ,a few e>ly potatoes are1 h[ev]1 gr[n frequ5tly2 & ! be/ ( ^! is decid$ly ! a%-leav$ kidney4 ,! soil = potatoes %\ld be a light1 fre%1 unmanur$ loam1 & :5 manure is appli$1 x %\ld be mell[ dung1 or well-rott$ leaves4 ,potatoes are g5]ally plant$ by divid+ ! root into :at are call$ sets1 ) an eye 9 ea*2 b sometimes ! tub]s are plant$ :ole4 ,se$s are nev] us$1 except :]e x is wi%$ to raise new sorts4 ,potatoes are seldom good =c$2 b an e>ly crop may be rais$ by plant+ ! sets 9 ,octob]4 ,! pr9cipal e>ly crop is1 h[ev]1 plant$ e>ly 9 ,m>*2 & ! pr9cipal late crop 9 ,may or ,june4 ,:5 ! potatoes are to be plant$1 ! gr\nd %\ld be fir/ well pulv]iz$1 & !n1 ! g>d5-l9e be+ /ret*$ across ! b$s1 holes %\ld be made along x ) ! dibb] f two to f\r or five in*es deep1 & ab\t a foot ap>t4 ,! sets %\ld !n be put "o 9 ea* hole1 ) ! eye upw>ds1 & ! e>? press$ firmly d[n on ea*4 ,:5 ! potatoes come up1 !y %\ld be ho$1 & aga9 9 ab\t a =tnight or ?ree weeks2 & :5 ! plants are eight or t5 in*es high1 !y %\ld be c>efully e>!d up4 ,z soon z ! plants g into blossom1 "s cultivators cut (f ! tops1 to prev5t ! roots f be+ exhau/$ by ! =mation ( ! potatoe apples1 or fruit4 ,:5 ! tub]s are ripe1 ! /alks beg9 to )]1 & may be tak5 up2 b mo/ p]sons h n pati5ce to wait s long1 & !y beg9 to take up _! e>ly potatoes be=e ! tub]s are half-gr[n4 ,! ,j]usalem ,arti*oke is a tub]\s-root$ sun-fl[]1 a native ( ,brazil2 ! epi!t ,j]usalem be+ a corruption ( ! ,italian ^w #8girasole1' signify+ to turn to ! sun1 f ! suppos$ habit ( ! fl[]4 ,! ,j]usalem arti*oke is plant$ 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 by sets1 l ! potatoe2 & ! tub]s w be ready = use 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #agaf4 ,! ,turnip succe$s be/ 9 a dry1 s&y1 or gravelly soil1 :i* has be5 well manur$1 & dug to a consid]able dep?4 ,! b$s %\ld be f\r or five feet wide1 & ! se$s hav+ be5 /rew$ v ?9ly ov] !m1 ! surface %\ld be rak$ smoo?1 & !n slightly beat5 ) ! back ( ! spade4 ,! fir/ s[+ is g5]ally made 9 ,m>*1 or ! fir/ week 9 ,april2 & z soon z ! "y plants %ew _! r\gh leaves1 !y %\ld be ho$ up sep>ately4 ,!y w !n seldom want any o!r culture till ! end ( ,may1 :51 if ! wea!r has be5 fav\rable1 !y w be ready = use4 ,a second s[+ is g5]ally made ab\t ! middle ( ,may2 & a ?ird1 = ! ma9 crop1 t[>ds ! end ( ,june4 ,besides ! turnips usually sold 9 se$ %ops1 ! ,telt[1 or small yell[ ,g]man turnip1 ! ,fr5* long :ite1 & ! ,scot* yell[1 are well des]v+ ( cultivation = _! excell5ce4 ,! common turnip1 ! c>rot1 & ! p>snip1 are natives ( ,engl&4 ,c>rots are ( two k9ds--! long c>rots1 ! root ( :i* tap]s gradually f ! cr[n to ! po9t1 & ! horn c>rots1 ! root ( :i* cont9ues ( ne>ly ! same ?ickness = ?ree-f\r?s ( its l5g?1 & !n abruptly dim9i%es to a v sl5d] tap root4 ,!re are num]\s sub-v>ieties ( bo? k9ds4 ,! goodness ( ! c>rot dep5d+ entirely on ! ease ) :i* ! root c p5etrate ! soil1 x is obvi\s t ! soil1 9 :i* ^! roots are gr[n1 mu/ n be ( a v adhesive nature2 & ?us ! be/ c>rots are gr[n 9 pure s&1 or peat4 ,:5 soils ( ?is nature _c be procur$1 ! gr\nd %\ld be tr5*$ two spades deep1 & a v little ?or\ghly rott5 dung1 or vegetable m\ld1 %\ld be well mix$ ) ! e>? 9 digg+ ! l[] spadeful4 ,if manure1 9 a fre% /ate1 be laid on a c>rot-b$1 or if ! soil be n ?or\ghly pulv]iz$1 ! roots w become =k$1 fibr\s1 & worm-eat54 ,! se$s ( ! c>rot be+ ea* furni%$ ) a pappus1 or fea!ry w+1 are apt to become entangl$ ) ea* o!r1 & c only be sep>at$ by rubb+ !m betwe5 ! h&s1 & mix+ !m ) s&4 ,!y are !n to be s[n v ?9ly1 ! gr\nd slightly rak$ ov] to cov] !m1 & !n beat5 flat ) ! back ( ! spade4 ,:5 ! "y plants are up1 ! gr\nd %\ld be occasionally loos5$1 f "t to "t1 ) a small hoe1 r\nd ea*4 ,:5 ! leaves beg9 to *ange col\r1 ! roots %\ld be tak5 up1 dry wea!r be+ *os5 = t purpose2 & ! tops be+ cut (f1 ! c>rots %\ld be c>ri$ into a cell>1 or ou?\se1 & !re buri$ 9 s&4 ,e>ly c>rots are g5]ally s[n 9 ,febru>y1 & ! pr9cipal crop ab\t ! middle ( ,m>*4 ,! ,p>snip requires ! same culture z ! c>rot1 except t !re is no e>ly crop4 ,! se$ is s[n 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 & ! roots are ready = use ab\t ! latt] end ( ,septemb]1 or beg9n+ ( ,octob]4 ,! ,r$ ,beet is a native ( ! sea-coa/ on ! s\? ( ,europe1 & 0 introduc$ 9 #afef4 ,! se$ %\ld n be s[n till ! la/ week 9 ,m>*1 or ! beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,! gr\nd %\ld previ\sly be dug to ! dep? ( a foot or eighte5 in*es1 & mix$ ) a little sea or riv] s&1 & vegetable m\ld1 or rott5 dung4 ,! roots w be ready = ! table 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,9 tak+ !m up1 & boil+ !m1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to w\nd ! out] sk92 z1 if !y are scrap$ or brok51 all ! col\r+ liquid w escape1 & ! root w become ( a dull1 d+y1 :iti% p9k1 in/ead ( its usual brilliant r$4 ,! ,skirret1 ! ,scorzon]a1 & ! ,salsify1 are all tap-root$ plants1 :i* require ! same culture z ! c>rot4 ,! ,radi% is a native ( ,*9a1 & 0 introduc$ into ,engl& be=e #aehd4 ,!re are num]\s v>ieties2 b !y may be all divid$ into ?ree or f\r k9ds3--! spr+ radi%es1 :i* are sub-divid$ into ! sp9dle-root$1 & ! turnip-root$2 ! autumn k9ds1 :i* are frequ5tly oval1 or turnip-root$2 & ! w9t] k9ds1 :i* are oblong & d>k-col\r$4 ,! se$ may be s[n at any season :5 ! gr\nd is op52 b ! v e>ly spr+ k9ds are g5]ally s[n 9 ,octob] or ,novemb] to /& ! w9t]1 & be ready to draw 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,sp9a*4--,! r\nd-leav$ v>iety is g5]ally s[n = a summ] crop1 on ri* moi/ soil1 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y1 if ! gr\nd be op52 & ! triangul>-leav$ k9ds1 ( :i* ! ,fl&]s is ! be/1 are s[n = ! w9t] crops 9 ,augu/4 ,! summ] crop1 :5 ga!r$1 may be pull$ up by ! root2 b ! w9t] crop %\ld only h ! out] leaves ga!r$1 & x w ?us cont9ue produc+ fre% leaves = _m mon?s4 ,sorrel is g5]ally propagat$ by (fsets 9 spr+ or autumn2 or1 if by se$1 x is s[n 9 ,m>*4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 seldom gr[n 9 ,engli% g>d5s4 ,! ,onion tribe4--,v few onions1 except = salads1 are g5]ally gr[n 9 small g>d5s4 ,:]e !y are gr[n ! soil %\ld be a ri* loam1 well manur$ ) v rott5 dung2 & ?\gh ! b$s ne$ n be dug m ?an a spade deep1 ! soil to t dep? %\ld be well pulv]iz$4 ,! se$ is s[n broad-ca/ 9 ,m>*1 on b$s ab\t f\r feet wide1 & aft] x is rak$ 91 ! surface ( ! b$ is roll$ or beat5 flat ) ! spade4 ,9 ab\t ?ree weeks ! b$s %\ld be ho$1 & ?9n$1 z ! "y onions w be !n ready = salads2 & ! b$s %\ld be aga9 ho$ & ?9n$ out1 f "t to "t1 z ! onions may be want$4 ,:5 ! onions are f ?ree to six in*es ap>t1 !y are g5]ally left to swell = ! ma9 crop1 & !y w be ready to draw 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]4 ,_m p]sons1 ab\t a mon? or six weeks be=e ! onions are ready to take up1 b5d ! /alks d[n flat on ! b$1 to ?r[ all ! /r5g? ( ! plant into ! bulb1 & to prev5t its ?ick5+ at ! neck4 ,onions = pickl+ are g5]ally s[n 9 ,april2 & onions = salads may be s[n at int]vals all ! ye>4 ,:5 onions are want$ ( a v l>ge size1 !y are s[n 9 drills1 & regul>ly e>!d up2 & ! ,portugal onions are g5]ally transplant$4 ,9 ,portugal x is said t ! alleys betwe5 ! b$s are fill$ ) manure1 :i* is kept con/antly wat]$1 & ! wat] direct$ ov] ! b$s4 ,onions ( enorm\s size h be5 gr[n 9 ,engl& by rais+ !m on a slight hotb$ 9 ,novemb] or ,decemb]1 & transplant+ !m 9 ,april or ,may4 ,:5 !y are transplant$ x is into v ri* soil1 ?ree-f\r?s ( :i* is rott5 manure1 & only ! fibr\s roots are buri$ 9 ! soil1 ! bulb be+ left above gr\nd4 ,! plants are plac$ f n9e in*es to a foot ap>t e way1 & regul>ly wat]$4 ,onions ?us gr[n are n only ( enorm\s size1 b ( v delicate flav\r4 ,nei!r ! native c\ntry ( ! common onion1 nor ! date ( its introduction into ,engl&1 is kn[n4 ,leeks may be treat$ l onions1 & may be gr[n to an enorm\s size by transplant+ into a hole ab\t twice _! own diamet]1 at ! bottom ( :i* _! fibr\s roots are spread out & cov]$ ) soil1 :ile ! bulb is left unt\*$ by ! soil1 /&+ 9 a k9d ( holl[ cup4 ,! plant is !n well suppli$ ) wat]1 & w soon swell to fill ! cavity4 ,! leek is a native ( ,switz]l&1 & x 0 introduc$ be=e ! "t ( ,elizabe?4 ,! ,*ive is a p]5nial plant1 a native ( ,brita91 & x is propagat$ by divid+ ! roots 9 spr+ or autumn4 ,g>lic is propagat$ by divid+ ! bulb into :at are call$ cloves1 & plant+ !m 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,!y are g5]ally plant$ 9 drills1 & e>!d up z !y beg9 to gr[4 ,:5 ! leaves turn yell[1 :i* !y w d ab\t ,augu/1 ! bulbs %\ld be tak5 up1 & :at may n be want$ = use1 %\ld be res]v$ = plant+ ! foll[+ spr+4 ,g>lic is a native ( ! s\? ( ,europe1 & 0 introduc$ be=e ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,! %allot is a native ( ,pale/9e1 & x has be5 9 cultivation 9 ,briti% g>d5s at lea/ z long z ! g>lic4 ,x is v difficult to gr[1 z x is apt to be attack$ by a k9d ( maggot2 b x has be5 f\nd to succe$ plant$ 9 cup-%ap$ holl[s l ! leek4 ,all ! onion tribe require a light1 ri*1 well-dra9$ soil2 & !y always succe$ be/ :]e !re is a gravelly subsoil4 ,salad plants4--,^! are v num]\s1 & include lettuces1 endive1 small salads1 cel]y1 c4 ,x is some:at rem>kable t ne>ly all ^! 7 kn[n to our ance/ors1 & 7 9 common use at ,briti% tables dress$ mu* z we dress !m n[1 :ile ! potatoe 0 yet unkn[n1 or only eat5 z a sweetmeat /ew$ ) sack & sug>4 ,! lettuce is said to h be5 introduc$ 9 #aefb1 b f :at c\ntry is unkn[n4 ,!re are num]\s v>ieties1 b !y may be all ref]r$ to two k9ds2 ! cabbage lettuces :i* gr[ flat & spread+1 & ! cos lettuces :i* gr[ compact & upright4 ,lettuces are g5]ally s[n broad-ca/1 l turnips or sp9a*1 on b$s ( ri* mell[ soil1 at any season f ,janu>y to ,octob]2 & ! cabbage k9ds require no aft] c>e1 b we$+ & ?9n+ out4 ,! cos lettuces are1 h[ev]1 g5]ally blan*$ by b5d+ d[n ! tips ( ! leaves ov] ! he>t1 & ty+ !m toge!r ) ba/ mat4 ,lettuces are also s[n by ! ,fr5* to cut = salads :5 q "y1 z we gr[ mu/>d & cress4 ,endive is a native ( ,*9a & ,japan1 introduc$ be=e #aedh4 ,x is g5]ally s[n 9 l>ge g>d5s at ?ree seasons1 viz41 ,april1 ,june1 & ,augu/2 b 9 small g>d5s "o s[+ is g5]ally ?\ght suffici5t1 & t is made 9 ,may4 ,! se$s are s[n v ?9ly 9 b$s ( ri* mell[ e>?2 & :5 !y are f f\r to six in*es high1 !y are transplant$ into b$s ( ri* light e>?1 :]e !y are plant$ 9 drills ab\t a foot ap>t 9 ! l9e2 & z !y gr[1 are occasionally e>!d up4 ,:5 ! plants are ab\t ?ree p>ts gr[n1 ! out] leaves are ti$ ov] ! he>ts to blan* !m1 ) /r&s ( ba/ mat1 or osi] twigs2 a dry day be+ *os5 = ! op]ation4 ,only a few plants %\ld be ti$ up at a "t2 & !y %\ld be seldom all[$ to /& m ?an a =tnight or ?ree weeks aft] ! op]ation2 z1 if !y rema9 long]1 p>ticul>ly if ! wea!r be wet1 !y beg9 to rot4 ,9 wet or cold seasons endive is be/ blan*$ by turn+ a sea-kale pot ov] ea* root1 in/ead ( ty+ d[n ! out] leaves4 ,!re are two di/9ct k9ds3 ! broad leav$ or ,batavia endive1 & ! curl$ leav$1 :i* is ! mo/ common1 & to :i* ! ,fr5* give ! "n ( *icore4 ,! true ,*iccory or ,succory is sometimes call$ wild endive2 b ! ,fr5* "n = x is b>be de capuc94 ,x is common 9 calc>e\s & s&y soils 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,engl&1 :]e x is conspicu\s f its bright blue fl[]s4 ,its culture is ! same z t ( endive2 b x may also be treat$ z a w9t] salad1 by be+ tak5 up 9 ,octob] or ,novemb]1 & /ack$ 9 cell>s 9 alt]nate lay]s ( s&1 s t ! cr[ns ( ! plants may j appe> along ! ridge4 ,"h1 if ! fro/ be exclud$1 ! roots w soon s5d out a pr(usion ( t5d] succul5t leaves2 :i*1 if kept f ! light1 w also be q blan*$4 ,mu/>d & ,cress4--,mu/>d is ! native :ite mu/>d eat5 9 its se$ leaves2 & cress is an annual crucif]\s plant1 introduc$ be=e #aedh1 b f :at c\ntry is unkn[n4 ,!y are bo? ( ! easie/ culture1 & w n only gr[ 9 any soil or situation1 b may ev5 be rais$ = ! table by spread+ ! se$ 9 a sauc] on wet flannel4 ,! fl\r ( mu/>d is made f ! gr\nd se$s ( ! black mu/>d1 :i* is cultivat$ ext5sively 9 "s p>ts ( ,engl& = t purpose4 ,corn ,salad or ,lamb ,lettuce1 ,w9t] ,cress1 ,burnet1 ,tansey1 & _m o!r plants are occasionally us$ 9 salads1 p>ticul>ly on ! ,cont95t1 b !y are seldom gr[n = t purpose 9 ,engl&4 ,cel]y is frequ5tly us$ 9 salads2 & x is int]e/+1 z be+ s greatly improv$ by cultivation z sc>cely to be recogniz$2 = 9 its wild /ate x is a ,briti% plant call$ smallage1 :i* gr[s 9 dit*es1 & is sc>cely eatable4 ,9 g>d5s1 cel]y requires m manure ?an any o!r vegetable1 except ! cabbage tribe4 ,! se$ = ! pr9cipal crop ( cel]y is g5]ally s[n 9 ,m>* or ,april1 & ! se$-b$ %\ld be =m$ ( equal p>ts ( fre% d>k loamy soil1 & old rott5 dung4 ,:5 ! plants are ab\t two or ?ree in*es high1 !y are prick$ out into ano!r b$ made ( v ri* soil1 six or sev5 in*es deep1 on a h>d bottom2 & :5 !y are ab\t a foot high1 !y are transplant$ into tr5*es = blan*+4 ,! tr5*es are made f\r feet ap>t1 eighte5 in*es wide1 & twelve deep2 & !y are fill$ n9e in*es high ) a ri* compo/ ( /rong fre% soil & rott5 dung4 ,! plants are tak5 up ) z mu* e>? z w adh]e to ! roots1 & ! side-%oots or (fsets are remov$ f ! c5tral /ems2 !y are !n set by ! h&1 n9e or t5 in*es ap>t1 9 ! c5tre ( ea* tr5*1 & well wat]$4 ,z ! plants 9 ! tr5*es gr[1 ! e>? is gradually drawn up to !m1 a little at a "t1 tak+ c>e nev] to let ! e>? rise above ! he>t ( ! plant2 & ?is e>?+ up is repeat$ five or six times1 at int]vals ( ab\t t5 days or a =tnight1 till ! plants are ready = use4 ,?us treat$1 a s+le plant ( cel]y ( ! solid k9d has be5 kn[n to weigh n9e p\nds1 & to measure f\r feet 9 l5g?4 ,wat] cress is g5]ally ga!r$ wild1 b x may be cultivat$ 9 g>d5s :]e !re is a cle> runn+ /ream1 on a s&y or gravelly bottom4 ,! plants are dispos$ 9 r[s p>allel ) ! /ream1 ab\t eighte5 in*es ap>t1 9 %all[ wat]2 b f\r or five feet ap>t if ! wat] be v deep1 z if ne>] toge!r !y w *eck ! /ream4 ,?us treat$1 ! plants may be cut at lea/ once a week dur+ ! :ole summ]4 ,! b$s mu/1 h[ev]1 be cle>$ out & replant$ twice a-ye>2 & :5 ?is is done1 all ! plants are tak5 up1 divid$ & plant$ aga9 9 ! gravelly b$ ( ! /ream1 a /one be+ laid on ea* to keep x 9 its place4 ,pot ,h]bs4--,( ^! p>sley is a h>dy bi5nial1 a native ( ,s>d9ia1 introduc$ be=e #aedh4 ,x is g5]ally s[n 9 a drill 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 & ?is w supply leaves all ! summ]4 ,! plants d n se$ till !y are two ye>s old4 ,! curl$ v>iety is pref]r$ = g>ni%+4 ,t>ragon is a /rong-smell+ p]5nial f ,sib]ia1 introduc$ be=e #aedh4 ,x is pr9cipally us$ = mak+ ,t>ragon v9eg>4 ,f5nel is a p]5nial1 :i*1 :5 once introduc$1 spreads e :]e1 & c sc>cely be eradicat$4 ,*]vil is an annual us$ = g>ni%+1 & sometimes 9 salads1 & ! common ,m>igold is an annual1 a native ( ! ,s\? ( ,europe1 introduc$ be=e #aegc1 b n[ seldom gr[n except 9 cottage g>d5s4 ,sweet ,h]bs4--,^! plants1 ?\gh call$ 9 g>d5+-books sweet h]bs1 are mo/ly aromatic %rubs2 su* z ?yme1 sage1 c4 ,?yme4--,!re are two k9ds ( ?is delicate little %rub cultivat$ 9 g>d5s2 ! common & ! lemon3 bo? are natives ( ! s\? ( ,europe1 & 7 introduc$ be=e #aedh4 ,"y plants are g5]ally rais$ by division ( ! root1 or f (fsets slipp$ (f ! bran*+ roots 9 spr+ or autumn2 !y gr[ be/ 9 poor dry soil1 or lime rubbi%4 ,sage is a mu* tall]-gr[+ %rub ?an ?yme4 ,x is a native ( ! s\? ( ,europe1 & 0 introduc$ be=e #aeig4 ,x is propagat$ by slips1 or by cutt+s ( ! "y %oots tak5 (f 9 ,may or ,june2 b z ! plant is v long-liv$ x seldom wants r5ew+4 ,x requires ! same k9d ( soil z ?yme4 ,m9t4--,!re are ?ree k9ds gr[n 9 g>d5s3 ! common1 or spe> m9t1 :i* is ! k9d boil$ ) peas1 & us$ = m9t-sauce1 c42 ! pepp]m9t1 comp>atively little cultivat$1 & only us$ = di/ill+2 & ! p5ny-royal4 ,!y are all ,briti% p]5nials1 & are propagat$ by divid+ ! root1 mak+ cutt+s1 or tak+ (f (fsets4 ,all require r a moi/ & /rong soil4 ,m>joram4--,!re are f\r k9ds 9 cultivation3 ! pot m>joram1 :i* is a l[ %rub1 a native ( ,sicily1 introduc$ 9 #agei1 & propagat$ by slips2 ! sweet1 or knott$ m>joram1 a h>dy bi5nial1 a native ( ,portugal1 introduc$ 9 #aegc1 & s[n e ye> f se$ g5]ally rip5$ 9 ,france2 ! w9t] m>joram1 a h>dy p]5nial1 a native ( ,greece1 introduc$ be=e #afdj1 & propagat$ by cutt+s or slips2 & ! common m>joram1 a p]5nial1 & a native ( ,brita94 ,! fir/ ?ree k9ds require a light dry soil1 & ! la/ a calc>e\s soil1 & %elt]$ situation4 ,sav\ry & ,basil4--,w9t] sav\ry is a h>dy "u-%rub1 & summ] sav\ry an annual--bo? natives ( ! s\? ( ,europe1 & cultivat$ 9 ,engl& s9ce ab\t #afej4 ,basil is an annual1 a native ( ! ,ea/ ,indies1 introduc$ ab\t #aedh4 ,all ^! aromatic h]bs may be pur*as$1 admirably dri$1 9 small cases1 at ,mrs4 ,johnson's1 9 ,cov5t ,g>d5 m>ket4 ,cucumb]s require a hotb$ to gr[ !m to p]fection2 b ! small] k9ds = pickl+ are sometimes plant$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,! se$ %\ld be f two to f\r ye>s old1 & x %\ld be s[n 9 pots plung$ 9 a hotb$1 n bel[ #eh at night1 nor above #fe 9 ! day4 ,:5 ! plants come up1 !y %\ld be prick$ out into pots1 ?ree 9 ea* pot1 & wat]$1 ! e>? 9 ! pots & ! wat] be+ bo? previ\sly kept "u ! glass = "s "t1 t !y may be bo? ( ! same heat z ! plants4 ,:5 ! plants are ab\t five weeks old1 !y are g5]ally remov$ to a l>g] hotb$1 ) a two or ?ree-light frame4 ,9 ?is b$1 a little ridge ( e>? is made "u ea* light2 &1 9 ea* ( ^!1 ! cont5ts ( a pot is plant$1 )\t break+ ! ball ( e>? r\nd ! roots ( ! plants4 ,! heat ( ?is b$ is g5]ally a little high] ?an t ( ! se$-b$4 ,wat] %\ld be giv5 e day1 w>m$ to ! heat ( ! b$4 ,if ! plants are want$ to fruit e>ly1 ! ends ( ! %oots may be p9*$ (f z soon z ! plants h made two r\gh leaves1 & ?is is call$ /opp+ ! runn]s at ! fir/ jo9t2 ?is /opp+ is repeat$ :]ev] ! runn]s %[ a disposition to ext5d !mselves )\t produc+ fruit4 ,z plants rais$ "u glass h n ! b5efit ei!r ( curr5ts ( air or insects1 to convey ! poll5 ( ! b>r5 plants to ! /igma ( ! f]tile ones1 ! latt] mu/ ei!r be du/$ ) poll5 by ! g>d5]1 or ! plants %\ld be expos$ z mu* to ! air z possible1 9 ! middle ( ! day1 :5 x is w>m en\gh1 dur+ ! "t t !y are 9 fl[]4 ,se$s = ! fir/ crop ( cucumb]s are g5]ally s[n 9 ,decemb] or ,janu>y2 b1 z extra heat & c>e are requir$ at ?is e>ly season1 ! crop = a small g>d5 may be s[n ab\t ,m>*4 ,! great art is to gr[ ! cucumb]s long & /raight1 & to keep !m gre51 ) a beautiful bloom4 ,= ! fir/ purpose1 _m cultivators place a brick "u ! "y fruit2 & = ! latt] !y leave on ! plant abundance ( leaves1 & keep ! gr\nd moi/1 z ! plant appe>s to ?rive be/ :5 x has abundance ( heat & moi/ure1 & is kept 9 ! %ade4 ,a dry heat1 & especially exposure to ! burn+ rays ( ! sun1 w make cucumb]s flaccid & yell[4 ,pickl+ ,cucumb]s are g5]ally s[n 9 pat*es ( t5 or twelve se$s 9 ea*1 9 ! op5 air2 & :5 !y come up1 !y are ?9n$ out to f\r or five 9 ea* pat*4 ,!y are s[n 9 ri* gr\nd1 & well wat]$2 & z !y gr[1 !y are occasionally e>!d up4 ,melons4--,! culture ( ! melon is ! same z t ( ! cucumb]1 except t ! l[e/ heat ( ! se$-b$ %\ld n be less ?an #fe1 & t ( ! fruit+ b$ #ge4 ,to gr[ ! f9] k9ds ( melons well1 h[ev]1 requires ! att5tion ( a regul> g>d5]2 & z ?is is ! case also ) p9e-apples 7! plants ( :i* are too exp5sive to be trifl$ )71 no directions are "h giv5 respect+ !m4 ,g\rds4--,! two k9ds ( vegetable-m>r[--! ,am]ican butt]-squa%1 & ! mammo?-g\rd1 are excell5t = ! table1 ei!r 9 s\p1 or boil$1 or fri$4 ,! plants ( all ^! k9ds %\ld be rais$ 9 a hotb$1 ! se$s be+ s[n 9 ,m>* or ,april1 ?ree 9 a pot1 & cov]$ ne>ly an in* deep4 ,9 ,may1 ! "y plants %\ld be remov$ to ! op5 gr\nd1 :]e !y %\ld be plant$ 9 ri* soil1 & %elt]$ = a night or two1 till !y h become inur$ to ! *ange4 ,!y %\ld be frequ5tly wat]$ 9 dry wea!r1 z ! fruit w n swell )\t abundance ( moi/ure4 ,tomatoes4--,! tomato or love-apple is a t5d] annual1 a native ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 introduc$ be=e #aeif4 ,! se$s %\ld be s[n 9 a hot-b$ 9 ,m>*1 & z soon z !y come up prick$ out into pots2 !y %\ld be transplant$ into a w>m bord] 9 front ( a s\? wall 9 ,may2 :]e !y %\ld be tra9$ aga9/ ! wall1 or pegg$ d[n ov] a w>m bank ( e>? slop+ to ! sun4 ,!y require abundance ( wat] :ile ! fruit is swell+2 & z mu* heat z possible :ile x is rip5+4 ,mu%rooms4--,! spawn is g5]ally procur$ f a nurs]yman2 & ! b$s are made ( fre% horse-dung ?r[n toge!r 9 a heap "u cov]1 & turn$ ov] _m times 9 ! c\rse ( a =tnight or ?ree weeks1 till e "p has ?or\ghly f]m5t$4 ,:5 ! dung is ?\ght to be 9 a prop] /ate1 a tr5* is m>k$ out twelve or f\rte5 feet long & five broad1 & ab\t six in*es deep2 ! m\ld tak5 out 9 =m+ x be+ laid on "o side till want$4 ,9 ! bottom ( ! tr5* !re %\ld be a lay] ( long fre% /able manure ab\t f\r in*es ?ick2 & on ?is1 successive lay]s ( ! prep>$ dung1 ea* beat5 flat ) ! =k1 till ! b$ is ab\t five feet high1 & n>r[ at ! top l ! ridge ( a h\se4 ,9 ?is /ate x may rema9 ab\t a =tnight2 & !n if ! b$ be f\nd1 on try+ x by plung+ a /ick 91 to be n too hot1 ! bricks ( spawn %\ld be brok5 into pieces ab\t an in* & a half or two in*es squ>e1 & /rew$ regul>ly ov] ! b$1 ea* piece ( spawn be+ buri$ by rais+ up a little ( ! dung & ins]t+ x4 ,aft] ?is ! surface ( ! b$ is beat5 flat ) a spade1 & ! :ole is cov]$ ) m\ld1 t ( a loamy nature be+ pref]r$4 ,! :ole is !n beat5 q smoo?1 & cov]$ ab\t a foot ?ick ) oat /raw1 on :i* are laid mats4 ,9 ab\t a mon? or six weeks ! mu%rooms w be ready = ! table2 & :5 ga!r$ !y %\ld be g5tly twi/$ up by ! roots1 & n cut (f1 z ! root1 if left 9 ! gr\nd1 w decay1 & be injuri\s to ! "y plants4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,kit*5-,,g>d5 ,,cont9u$--,,! ,,managem5t ,,( ,,fruit ,,trees4 ,! fruit trees 9 a kit*5 g>d5 are ( ?ree k9ds3 ! wall trees1 ! espali]s1 & ! /&>ds4 ,to ^! may be add$ ! fruit %rubs1 & ! v9es2 :i* la/ are g5]ally gr[n "u glass4 ,! ,wall-,fruit ,tree4--,!re are two ?+s on :i* ! welf>e ( wall-fruit trees mat]ially dep5ds1 viz4 ! con/ruction ( ! wall1 & t ( ! bord]4 ,! walls ( kit*5 g>d5s are v g5]ally made too high3 a s]i\s fault 9 _m respects1 b p>ticul>ly 9 imp$+ ! free passage ( ! sun & air to ! fruit4 ,x has inde$ be5 f\nd1 by exp]i5ce1 t walls ab\t eight feet high1 w produce bett] fruit ?an walls ( t5 feet or twelve feet1 :i* is ! g5]al height2 & besides !y h ! advantage ( n ?r[+ s deep a %ad[ ov] ! g>d54 ,( :atev] height ! walls may be1 !y %\ld always be 9 /raight l9es2 z ! v>i\s exp$i5ts :i* h be5 f "t to "t adopt$1 ( curv$ or zigzag l9es1 h be5 f\nd n to answ] 9 practice1 b to produce eddies & curr5ts ( w9d exce$+ly injuri\s to ! fruit4 ,! g>d5 wall %\ld h a slight /one cop+2 & :]e ! trees are likely to want protection1 /rong hooks1 or holdfa/s1 project+ f ! wall1 %\ld be built 9 at regul> di/ances = ! conv5i5ce ( susp5d+ ! mats or bunt+ t may be employ$2 or support+ a deep wood5 cop+4 ,hot or flu$ walls are n desirable1 z !y are v exp5sive & tr\blesome1 & ( v little use4 ,! walls %\ld be built on good1 s\nd1 & deep f\ndations1 b on no acc\nt on ar*es2 z x is ( importance to ! g>d5] to conf9e ! roots to ! bord] 9 front ( ! wall1 :i* is "u 8 control1 in/ead ( suff]+ !m to spread ?r\gh ! ar*es to ! o!r sides1 :]e !y are entirely remov$ f him4 ,! ess5tial po9t to be att5d$ to 9 ! con/ruction ( a fruit bord] is t ! soil %all n be m ?an eighte5 in*es deep on a h>d bottom4 ,if ! subsoil be h>d gravel or rock1 cov]$ ) m\ld to ! dep? m5tion$1 no?+ m c be desir$2 b if ! subsoil be wet clay1 or s& ov] gravel1 or 9 %ort any?+ t w all[ ( roots p5etrat+ into x1 artificial means %\ld be resort$ to1 to keep ! roots ne> ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,! mo/ common me?od ( =m+ a bord] is to excavate ! gr\nd to ! dep? requir$1 & to pave ! bottom ( ! excavation ) l>ge /ones or pebbles2 b bricks1 cem5t1 asphalt1 or 9 %ort any o!r sub/ance may be employ$ :i* appe>s likely to atta9 ! end 9 view--tak+ c>e1 h[ev]1 to provide effectual dra9age1 z o!rwise ! *amb]1 z x is call$1 w\ld become a res]voir ( /agnant wat]1 exce$+ly injuri\s to ! plants4 ,! *amb] hav+ be5 =m$1 x %\ld be cov]$ ) good ri* g>d5 m\ld to ! requisite dep?1 v>y+ 9 "s in/ances accord+ to ! k9d ( tree to be gr[n 9 x2 b 9 all cases ?or\ghly pulv]iz$1 s z to (f] no ob/ruction to ! passage ( ! roots4 ,:5 ! trees are plant$ c>e %\ld be tak5 to raise ea* on a little hillock1 at ! po9t ( junction betwe5 ! trunk & ! root1 to all[ = ! s9k+ ( ! gr\nd4 ,! coll> ( a ligne\s plant %\ld nev] be buri$2 z any moi/ure collect$ r\nd ?is t5d] & inde$ vital "p1 br+s on cank]1 & innum]able o!r diseases4 ,all fruit-trees ?us treat$ produce cank]$ & de=m$ fruit1 & die 9 a few ye>s ( premature old age4 ,x c nev] be repeat$ too (t5 t ! ess5tial po9t 9 gr[+ fruit-trees is to keep _! roots z ne> to ! surface z possible1 & nev] to suff] !m to desc5d s deep z to be out ( ! influ5ce ( ! sun & air4 ,_m p]sons unacqua9t$ ) vegetable physiology1 h an idea t :5 a fruit-tree1 :i* has be5 productive1 sudd5ly ceases to be>1 x is because its roots h rea*$ ! gravel1 or 9 o!r words1 ! subsoil4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 false reason+ on true premises4 ,x is q true t ! tree has ceas$ to be> 9 consequ5ce ( ! desc5t ( its roots2 b ! reason ?is desc5t is injuri\s is1 t ! gr\nd f> bel[ ! surface is cold1 & frequ5tly impregnat$ ) /agnant wat]2 & ei!r t ! roots ?us become swoll5 & unable to p]=m _! prop] functions1 9 :i* case ! leaves turn yell[1 & ! tree appe>s to )]1 or t !y supply ! tree ) an abundance ( poor ?9 wat]y sap q unsuitable = ! production ( fruit4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 ! roots are kept ne> ! surface1 ?\gh !y h no air-vessels except 9 ! spongioles1 ^! spongioles imbibe air & c>bonic acid gas f ! atmosph]e ) all ! moi/ure !y take up2 & ?us ! vessels are n only kept 9 a heal?y /ate by n be+ ov]*>g$ ) wat] )\t air1 b ! sap is s ?ick5$ & enri*$ ) ! c>bonic acid gas1 t x is br\ght into a prop] /ate = =m+ ^? deposits :i* lead to ! production ( fruit4 ,! use ( walls is to af=d t5d] plants ! heat necess>y to mature _! fruit1 by reflect+ ! sun's rays back ^u x2 & by giv+ out to ! fruit dur+ ! night ! heat !y h absorb$ dur+ ! day4 ,!y are also useful 9 %elt]+ ! plant f cold w9ds2 & 9 prev5t+ ! bran*es f bruis+ ea* o!r 9 viol5t /orms4 ,?is be+ ! use ( walls1 x is evid5t t only ^? trees %\ld be tra9$ aga9/ !m t require protection2 & ! s\? & s\?-ea/ walls be+ w>m] ?an ! o!rs1 x is equally evid5t t only ^? trees %\ld be tra9$ aga9/ ^! walls1 t require a great deal ( heat to mature _! fruits4 ,!re are "s fruits1 su* z ! apple1 :i* too mu* heat r5d]s mealy & insipid2 & ^! w\ld obvi\sly be injur$ in/ead ( improv$ by a s\?1 or s\?-ea/ wall2 :ile o!r fruits1 su* z ! pea*1 c\ld n produce good fruit 9 our climate )\t "o4 ,be=e plant+ trees aga9/ ! walls ( a g>d51 x w ?us be necess>y to select ! trees prop] = ea* wall2 & z "s ( ! f9] k9ds w be sev]al ye>s be=e !y atta9 a suffici5t size to fill up ! places assign$ to !m1 trees ( inf]ior k9ds may be plant$ betwe5 !m1 s t no "p ( ! wall may be lo/--! inf]ior trees be+ cut 9 z ! o!rs gr[1 & be+ f9ally remov$4 ,?is is accompli%$ by plant+ alt]nately dw>f trees ( ! k9d :i* is to rema91 & trees graft$ /&>d high1 :i* are call$ rid]s1 ( ! k9ds :i* are to be remov$4 ,! di/ance at :i* ! p]man5t trees ought to be plant$ dep5ds ^u ! nature ( ! tree4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o objection to a s\? or s\?-ea/ wall = t5d] plants :i* %\ld be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/4 ,?is is ! dang] f spr+ fro/s1 to :i* ! blossoms are expos$ dur+ ! night1 f be+ br\ght prematurely =w>d dur+ ! day4 ,to gu>d aga9/ ?is1 ! s\? wall %\ld h a deep wood5 cop+1 support$ by holdfa/s1 project+ ab\t a foot f ! wall2 & "u ?is cop+ !re %\ld be a r[ ( hooks1 on :i* %\ld be hung a k9d ( curta9 ( bunt+1 :i* %\ld be kept on day & night 9 fro/y wea!r1 :ile ! blossoms are exp&$4 ,?is is n only to protect ! blossoms f ! fro/1 b to save !m f ! )]+ effect ( ! sun1 :i* is z injuri\s to !m aft] a fro/y night z ! fro/ itself4 ,9 fact1 :5 t5d] trees are cov]$ ) ho>-fro/1 !y may sometimes be sav$ if %ad$ till !y h ?aw$2 b !y are always kill$ if expos$1 :ile ! fro/ is on !m1 to ! sun4 ,bunt+ is pref]able to matt+ or canvass2 because x is ?9n] & does n entirely exclude ! light & air1 because x is m easily put up & tak5 d[n1 & takes up less room :5 /[$ away1 & because x is *eap]1 f\r squ>e y>ds co/+ only two %ill+s at ,edg+ton's1 ! m>quee-mak]4 ,k9ds ( ,wall-,fruit ,trees1 c4--,! pr9cipal fruits gr[n aga9/ a wall 9 ,engl& are ^? conta9+ /ones2 & ( ^! ! mo/ valuable are ! pea*1 ! nect>9e1 & ! apricot4 ,! o!r /one fruits1 su* z ! plum & ! *]ry1 are frequ5tly gr[n aga9/ a wall1 b !y are gr[n also z /&>ds3 z are ! k]nel fruits1 su* z ! apple & pe>2 ! apple be+ v r>ely gr[n aga9/ a wall 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london1 figs & grapes are gr[n aga9/ walls 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & 9 "s p>ts ( ,devon%ire ! orange tribe4 ,/one ,fruits4--,all k9ds ( /one fruits are m or less delicate at ! "t ( =m+ _! /ones1 or 8/on+0 z x is call$2 & ! fruit requires ?9n+ at t p]iod to prev5t ! great] "p ( x be+ dropp$4 ,!y all blossom e>ly1 & are delicate :ile _! fl[]s are exp&$4 ,= ^! reasons _! crops are m unc]ta9 9 a v>iable climate l t ( ,engl&1 ?an crops ( ! k]nel fruits1 & require m c>e & att5tion to br+ !m to p]fection4 ,pea*es & ,nect>9es4--,! pea* & ! nect>9e are only v>ieties ( "o species ( almond2 & in/ances h be5 kn[n ( pea*es & nect>9es gr[+ on ! same tree )\t graft+4 ,bo? pea*es & nect>9es are divid$ into two k9ds2 ! free /ones1 ! fle% ( :i* p>ts readily f ! /one--& ! cl+ /ones1 ! fle% ( :i* adh]es to ! /one4 ,"s ( ! be/ pea*es = a small g>d5 are ! ,grosse mignonne1 ,belleg>de1 & ,b>r+ton4 ,! e>lie/ pea* is ! r$ nutmeg1 :i* rip5s 9 ,july2 & "o ( ! late/1 ! ,ca!r9e1 :i* does n rip5 till ,octob]4 ,! be/ nect>9es are ! ,elruge & ! ,violette hative1 ) ! new :ite nect>9e1 = a v>iety 9 col\r4 ,bo? pea*es & nect>9es are budd$ on plum /ocks1 or on se$l+ pea*es1 or almonds1 ! latt] be+ greatly pref]r$ by ! ,fr5* nurs]ym54 ,! be/ soil = pea*es is ab\t ?ree p>ts ( fre% clayey loam1 tak5 f "s field1 & "o "p ( drift s&4 ,?is soil %\ld be mod]ately enri*$ ) vegetable m\ld compos$ ( decay$ leaves1 & x %\ld be laid on ! prep>$ *amb] to ! dep? ( ab\t eighte5 in*es1 r less ?an m4 ,pea*es require r an adhesive soil1 n too ri*2 z 9 a ri* loose soil !y w produce wood r ?an fruit4 ,pea* trees are seldom plant$ aga9/ ! wall :]e !y are to rema91 till !y h be5 two1 ?ree1 or f\r ye>s tra9$2 & !y are g5]ally remov$ at ! latt] end ( ,octob]1 or beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 j z ! leaf beg9s to fall4 ,!y are be/ tra9$ 9 ! fan mann]2 & z !y always be> _! fruit on %oots ( a ye> old1 ^! %oots mu/ always be left on 9 prun+1 & ! old wood cut out4 ,prun+ %\ld be p]=m$ at two seasons1 viz4 w9t] & summ]3 ! w9t] prun+ is p]=m$ at ! fall ( ! leaf1 or 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,febru>y1 & consi/s ( cutt+ out or %ort5+ ! old wood or b>r5 bran*es2 & summ] prun+1 :i* consi/s *iefly ( :at is call$ disbudd+1 7t is1 rubb+ (f ! buds z soon z !y appe>17 %\ld be appli$ to ! removal ( all %oots gr[+ "r out f ! wall1 7& :i*1 consequ5tly1 c\ld n be well tra9$17 or :i* appe> o!rwise to be improp]ly plac$4 ,exp]i5c$ g>d5]s also look ov] ! blossom buds1 z soon z !y %[ !mselves1 & ?9 !m out1 )\t all[+ ! tree to wa/e its /r5g? 9 =m+ fruit :i* x c nev] rip51 & :i* is ( no use 9 its gre5 /ate4 ,! disbudd+ is easily p]=m$2 & wat*+ ! trees to f9d :5 x w be necess>y1 af=ds a con/ant s\rce ( int]e/4 ,?9n+ ! blossoms is r m difficult2 b ) a little practice1 a lady c\ld d x mu* bett] ?an a g>d5]1 z x is an op]ation t dep5ds pr9cipally on delicacy ( t\*4 ,:5 a pea* tree is tra9$ 9 ! fan mann]1 ! fir/ ye> ! little side %oots are left = produc+ ! fruit1 & none ( ^! %\ld be m ?an a ye> old4 ,! next ye> ^! %oots mu/ be cut out1 7z ! same %oot nev] be>s two ye>s 9 succession17 & o!rs :i* h be5 produc$ :ile !y 7 be>+1 mu/ be tra9$ 9 _! /ead4 ,! bord]s %\ld nev] be cropp$ on acc\nt ( n di/urb+ ! roots1 :i* %\ld be enc\rag$ to rise up to ! surface ( ! gr\nd by :at is call$ mul*+1 t is1 cov]+ ! gr\nd ) /raw1 dead leaves1 or litt]2 & :5 ?is is object$ to on acc\nt ( its untidy appe>ance1 ! bord]s %\ld be left b>e1 & only rak$ occasionally to prev5t ! surface f cak+ ov]1 & becom+ imp]vi\s to air & moi/ure4 ,no /able dung %\ld be giv5 to pea*es1 & :5 ! trees seem exhau/$ !y %\ld be tak5 up & replant$ 9 fre% soil2 or !y %\ld be remov$1 & trees ( q a diff]5t k9d1 su* z pe>s = example1 plant$ in/ead ( !m 9 ! same soil4 ,:5 ! bord]s _c be sp>$ to be left entirely b>e1 a light crop1 su* z ( sp9a*1 lettuces1 mu/>d & cress1 or p>sley1 %\ld be s[n on !m1 & ! rema9s ( ?is crop1 :5 done )1 %\ld be rak$ (f2 b fruit bord]s %\ld nev] on any acc\nt be t\*$ ) a spade1 & ev5 a =k %\ld be us$ v seldom & v sp>+ly2 nev]1 inde$1 unless ! gr\nd has become too h>d & compact to admit ! ra91 ! sun1 & ! air4 ,x mu/ nev] be =gott51 t unless ! spongioles ( ! roots are p]mitt$ to imbibe ! c>bonic acid gas always float+ 9 ! atmosph]e1 ) ! moi/ure !y take up1 ! sap ( ! tree w nev] be ri* en\gh to produce fruit4 ,! fruit & se$s ( e plant are 9 fact conc5trations ( c>bon1 precipitat$ by ! action ( light2 & :]e any plant is defici5t 9 c>bon1 or depriv$ ( light1 x _c produce mu* fruit4 ,! culture ( ! nect>9e is exactly ! same z t ( ! pea*4 ,9 bo?1 :5 ! season is cold & wet1 ) b little sun1 "s cultivators remove a few ( ! leaves to admit m air & light to ! fruit2 b ?is %\ld be done v sp>+ly1 z unless a suffici5t quantity ( leaves are left to c>ry on ! prop] circulation ( ! sap1 ! sk9 ( ! fruit w become t\gh & )]$1 & ! fle% insipid4 ,:5 ! fruit is ripe1 x is cu/om>y1 9 l>ge g>d5s1 to susp5d a net "u ! bran*es to cat* any fruit t may fall1 & ?us to save x f be+ bruis$4 ,! pea* is suppos$ to be a native ( ,p]sia1 & to h be5 introduc$ into ,engl& ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,pea*es & nect>9es on a wall t5 or twelve feet high1 %\ld be plant$ ab\t tw5ty feet ap>t2 ) rid]s ( "s k9d ( plum1 or pea*1 till ! p]man5t trees spread4 ,! ,apricot is a native ( ,arm5ia1 introduc$ ab\t #aefb4 ,! culture is ! same z t ( ! pea*1 except+ t x is n tra9$ q s mu* 9 ! fan mann]1 b some:at horizontally4 ,x also be>s1 n only on ! side-%oots ( ! la/ ye>1 b on close spurs =m$ on ! two-ye>s' old wood4 ,! :ole ( ! fruit is also g5]ally suff]$ to =m1 & is ?9n$ out :ile x is gre51 9 ,may or ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 z gre5 apricots are g5]ally ?\ght delici\s 9 t>ts4 ,! be/ apricots are ! ,moorp>k = ! table1 & ! ,br$a = pres]v+4 ,?is la/ is frequ5tly gr[n z a /&>d4 ,l>ge bran*es1 or r arms ( apricot-trees1 p>ticul>ly ( ! ,moorp>k1 are v apt to die (f )\t any app>5t cause4 ,! f9e/ apricots ,i ev] saw 7 gr[n on a tree tra9$ aga9/ a cottage1 ! own] ( :i* 0 an old woman1 :o took 9 wa%+1 & :o 0 9 ! habit1 ne>ly e day1 ( p\r+ d[n ab\t ! roots ( ! tree a quantity ( soap-suds4 ,apricot-trees %\ld be tw5ty-five feet ap>t1 z ! tree spreads rapidly1 & does n be> cutt+ 94 ,! ,plum4--,no plum-tree1 except p]haps ! gre5-gage1 %\ld be plant$ on a s\? wall2 &1 z a nor? wall is too cold = ! f9] k9ds1 !y d be/ plant$ aga9/ a wall fac+ to ! ea/ or we/4 ,any common g>d5 soil w suit plum-trees2 & :5 ! soil appe>s exhau/$1 x may be r5ovat$ by a little rott5 dung laid on ! surface1 & frequ5tly wat]$ to wa% its juices into ! soil1 )\t di/urb+ ! roots4 ,plum-trees be> on :at are call$ spurs1 :i* are %ort rugg$-look+ little bran*es1 jutt+ out f ! %oots ( two or ?ree ye>s' gr[?4 ,! same spurs be> m ?an once1 & (t5 cont9ue fruitful sev]al ye>s4 ,plum-trees are g5]ally tra9$ horizontally4 ,! k9ds are v num]\s1 b ! ,gre5-gage & ,orleans are1 p]haps1 ! mo/ popul>4 ,plum-trees %\ld be tw5ty feet ap>t1 if all dw>fs2 b dw>fs & rid]s alt]nately may be only fifte5 feet ap>t4 ,! ,*]ry4--,only ! f9] k9ds ( *]ries are gr[n aga9/ walls2 & ! tree1 9 its native localities1 delights 9 a dry s&y soil1 & elevat$ airy situation4 ,:5 cultivat$1 x w ?rive 9 any common g>d5 soil :i* is tol]ably op52 & x is n injur$ by manure appli$ mod]ately1 & 9 a p]fectly rott5 /ate4 ,! *]ry is tra9$ horizontally1 & be>s on spurs spr++ f bo? ! old & ! new wood4 ,z ! bran*es are cont9ually ?r[+ out fre% spurs f _! extremities1 x is a maxim ) g>d5]s nev] to %ort5 ! be>+ bran*es ( a *]ry-tree4 ,! morello is1 h[ev]1 an exception to ?is rule1 z its mode ( be>+ resembles t ( ! pea*2 & x is always prun$ & tra9$ l t tree4 ,! *]ry-trees gr[n aga9/ walls are ! diff]5t v>ieties ( ,may ,duke1 ,circassian1 ! l>ge black ,t>t>ian1 ! ,morello1 & ! ,big>reau4 ,*]ries ne$ n be m ?an fifte5 feet ap>t = ! common k9ds1 & tw5ty feet = ! morello4 ,fig-trees gr[ & be> q well 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london1 & !y ev5 ?rive & be> 9 _m /reet-g>d5s 9 ! ,city4 ,! fig requires less c>e 9 tra9+ & prun+ ?an any o!r tree2 x %\ld inde$ r>ely be t\*$ ) ! knife1 & only ! ill plac$ %oots remov$ by disbudd+4 ,! fruit is produc$ on ! "y wood at ! extremity ( ! bran*es1 b x does n rip5 till ! wood on :i* x gr[s is a ye> old4 ,! be/ soil = figs is a light fre% loam n above a foot or fifte5 in*es deep1 on a h>d1 well-dra9$ bottom4 ,?is is ess5tial2 z ! fig w n gr[ ) any /agnant wat] ab\t its roots1 ?\gh x requires to be con/antly & abundantly suppli$ ) moi/ure4 ,_m c\ntry p]sons ?r[ soap-suds on ! roots ( _! fig-trees ) v great success4 ,! tree may be tra9$ 9 any %ape2 & ! long bran*es %\ld be b5t backw>ds & =w>ds1 n only to make !m ?r[ out side-%oots1 b to cov] ! wall4 ,! be/ figs = g5]al be>+ are ! black & br[n ,is*ias & ! l>ge blue or purple fig4 ,a tree ( ! la/ k9d1 :i* is tra9$ aga9/ our h\se at ,bayswat]1 "u ! glass v]&a1 has nev] fail$1 dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s1 to produce a good crop e summ]4 ,fig-trees %\ld be ?irty feet ap>t if ! bran*es are tra9$ horizontally2 b !y may be plac$ r ne>]1 if ! bran*es are b5t backw>ds & =w>ds to cov] ! wall4 ,,espali]s4--,espali]s1 ?\gh !y are ne>ly z tr\blesome to tra9 z wall-trees1 h none ( _! advantages4 ,!y are inde$ only sup]ior to /&>ds 9 tak+ up less room1 9 hav+ a neat] appe>ance1 9 _! fruit be+ m easily ga!r$1 & 9 _! roots be+ m "u ! control ( ! g>d5]4 ,! latt] is an important advantage1 & "o ( :i* e g>d5] %\ld avail himself4 ,x has be5 already obs]v$1 :5 speak+ ( ! lay+ out ( a kit*5 g>d51 t beyond ! fruit-bord] !re is g5]ally a walk1 enclos+ ! comp>tm5ts devot$ to cul9>y vegetables 9 ! c5tre4 ,n[ :]e espali]s are gr[n1 !re %\ld be a second *amb]$ bord]1 exactly l ! fruit bord] "u ! wall1 :i* %\ld be %ut out f ! cul9>y comp>tm5ts by a l[ wall "u gr\nd1 or flat /ones plac$ edgeways1 or bo>ds1 or1 9 fact1 any ?+ to prev5t ! roots ( ! espali]s f spread+ into ! gr\nd devot$ to ! cul9>y crops4 ,:5 due precautions h be5 tak51 ! espali]s %\ld be plant$ ne> ! b\nd>y1 & _! roots c>efully spread out ov] ! *amb]$ bord]1 ^? p>ts be+ cut (f :i* _c be br\ght to lie flat 9 ! prop] direction4 ,! gr\nd is !n press$ firmly ^u ! roots1 & espali] rails1 ei!r ( iron or wood1 are fix$ ne> ! trees to tie !m to4 ,espali] trees are seldom suff]$ to gr[ high] ?an five feet or six feet1 on acc\nt ( ! tr\ble ( tra9+ !m :5 !y are ( a great] height2 b to make am5ds = ?is loss ( space1 _! bran*es are all[$ to spread z widely z possible1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! trees4 ,?us apples %\ld be plant$ ?irty feet ap>t1 & *]ries ab\t ! same di/ance2 pe>s ?irty-five feet1 & plums tw5ty-five feet4 ,! f9] k9ds ( fruits are seldom plant$ z espali]s2 & apples & pe>s are m commonly ?us treat$ ?an *]ries & plums4 ,! cont9ual cutt+ necess>y to keep ! trees 9 a prop] %ape = tra9+1 & ! unnatural position ( ! roots1 are inde$ v unsuitable to trees s apt to gum & cank] z ! *]ry & ! plum4 ,! wid? ( ! bord] de/9$ = ! roots ( ! espali]s is g5]ally five feet2 & x %\ld only be cropp$ ) a few h]bace\s or annual fl[]s1 t w n require ! gr\nd to be deep] /irr$ ?an c be done ) a rake4 ,"s p]sons suff] ! roots ( _! espali] trees to ext5d "u ! gravel walks1 :i* are purposely left holl[2 b ?is defeats ! purpose = :i* !y are to be attract$ to ! surface1 = ! spongioles w be z effectually exclud$ f ! air "u a compact coat+ ( gravel1 z if !y 7 buri$ _m feet deep 9 ! soil4 ,if an und]gr\nd wall is built along ! inn] side ( ! espali] bord] to conf9e ! roots ( ! trees1 /ones %\ld be fix$ 9 x at int]vals1 ) holes made 9 !m = ! reception ( ! espali] rails1 :i* %\ld be run 9 ) pit*4 ,^! rails %\ld be ab\t n9e in*es asund]1 & !y may be kept toge!r at ! top ) a transv]se rail1 to :i* !y %\ld be nail$4 ,! inconv5i5ces ( espali]s are ! v great tr\ble ( tra9+ !m & keep+ !m )9 b\nds2 ! r\gh & untidy appe>ance :i* _! spurs assume :5 ! trees beg9 to get old2 & ! num]\s diseases to :i* ! trees are liable1 f _! unnatural position & con/ant cutt+ 91 & :i* always r5d] espali] trees %ort-liv$4 ,,/&>d ,,fruit-,,trees4--,tall /&>d trees %\ld nev]1 on any acc\nt1 be plant$ 9 a kit*5-g>d52 z f _! drip & %ade x is impossible to gr[ good cul9>y vegetables "u !m2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! con/ant digg+ & tr5*+ necess>y to cultivate cul9>y vegetables1 =ce ! roots ( ! trees to desc5d s f> t x is impossible = !m to produce good fruit4 ,dw>f /&>ds are1 h[ev]1 by _m pref]r$ to espali]s2 z !y are susceptible ( all ! advantages1 )\t any ( ! disadvantages att5dant on t mode ( tra9+4 ,a *amb]$ bord] may be prep>$ = ! dw>f /&>ds 9 ! same mann] z = ! espali]s2 & !y may be plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( x1 in/ead ( on "o side4 ,! dw>f /&>ds are g5]ally graft$ v ne> ! coll> ( ! plant1 & are tra9$ to =m bu%es r ?an trees1 b 9 v>i\s mann]s4 ,"s are tra9$ r\nd a hoop plac$ inside1 & o!rs h _! bran*es tra9$ upw>ds = a few feet1 & !n b5t d[nw>ds l an umbrella2 "s are tra9$ en qu5\ille1 ) a s+le /em2 o!rs en pyramide2 & o!rs h _! bran*es spread out horizontally1 & support$ by /akes plac$ at a regul> di/ance 9 a circle r\nd ! tree4 ,9 %ort1 !re are no limits to fancy 9 ?is respect4 ,! trees g5]ally gr[n 9 g>d5s z dw>f /&>ds are apples1 pe>s1 & morello *]ries4 ,! o!r k9ds ( *]ries may also be gr[n 9 ?is mann]2 b !y are g5]ally gr[n z tall /&>ds 9 a deta*$ or*>d ne> ! kit*5-g>d51 or adjo9+ ! pleasure-gr\nds4 ,! common k9ds ( plums & damsons are also gr[n z tall trees 9 ! same mann]1 z are ! kit*5 & keep+ apples4 ,mulb]ry-trees are g5]ally plant$ on ! lawn1 z well = ! picturesque =m ( ! tree1 z = ! conv5i5ce ( ! fruit1 :i* drops z soon z x is ripe1 & is spoil$ if x falls on dry e>? or gravel4 ,sweet *esnuts are gr[n 9 ! p>k or pleasure-gr\nds among o!r trees2 & walnuts 9 simil> situations1 or 9 a back-c\rt1 or /able-y>d1 = ! conv5i5ce ( _! %ade4 ,filb]ts & hazels are g5]ally plant$ on ea* side ( a walk 9 ! g>d5 or pleasure-gr\nd1 :i* !y are tra9$ ov]2 & b>b]ries & eld]b]ries 9 ! %rubb]ies2 ! la/ f\r be+ ! only k9ds ( trees :i* %\ld ev] be plant$ z /&>ds 9 ! slips to ! kit*5-g>d54 ,,k]nel ,,fruits4--,! pr9cipal ( ^! are apples & pe>s1 b ! division also includes ! m$l>1 ! qu9ce1 & ! true s]vice4 ,! apple is univ]sally all[$ to be ! mo/ useful ( all fruits2 & x is c]ta9 t !re is no fruit m ext5sively cultivat$4 ,! li/ ( apples is z num]\s z t ( peas2 & x is almo/ z difficult to make a selection f4 ,apples are1 h[ev]1 g5]ally divid$ into ?ree k9ds2 ! dess]t or eat+ apples1 ! kit*5 or bak+ apples1 & ! cid] apples4 ,! la/ are good = no?+ b to make cid]1 & c nev] be mi/ak52 ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! fir/ two is1 h[ev]1 n s /rongly m>k$1 z _m ( ! k9ds w s]ve bo? purposes4 ,_m dess]t apples1 = example1 possess ! *ief m]it ( a good kit*5 apple1 viz4 t ( fall+ well1 or 9 pla9] t]ms1 ( becom+ q s(t :5 bak$ or boil$2 & _m ( ! bak+ apples are v good to eat raw4 ,! ,rib/one pipp51 "o ( ! be/ ( all apples1 b r a %y be>]1 & ! haw?orn dean1 a mo/ abundant be>]1 b an apple t does n keep well1 are bo? alike excell5t = ! kit*5 & ! dess]t4 ,! be/ keep+ apple is ! ,fr5* crab1 ( :i* "s specim5s h be5 pres]v$ q fre% & plump = m ?an ?ree ye>s4 ,! mo/ common way ( propagat+ apple-trees is by graft+ ! be/ k9ds on crab-/ocks1 ei!r /&>d high1 t is1 on /ocks suff]$ to gr[ to ! height ( ab\t six feet2 or z dw>fs1 t is1 ab\t six in*es or eight in*es f ! coll> ( ! /ock4 ,sometimes trees int5d$ to be gr[n z dw>f /&>ds 9 a kit*5-g>d5 are graft$ :at is call$ half /&>d high2 t is1 ab\t two or ?ree feet f ! coll>4 ,:5 apple-trees are plant$ 9 ! kit*5-g>d5 :]e !y are to rema91 ea* tree %\ld always be plac$ on a little hillock2 z no tree is m liable to become cank]$ f hav+ its coll> buri$4 ,! tree succe$s be/ 9 a deep /rong loam1 provid$ x be well dra9$1 & ri* r ?an poor2 & :5 ! soil appe>s exhau/$1 x may be r5ovat$ by lay+ on x :at ! f>m]s call a top-dress+ ( manure1 tak+ c>e n to bury or ev5 to t\* ! coll> ( ! tree4 ,apple-trees w1 h[ev]1 fl\ri% 9 any soil except s& or gravel4 ,!y are v apt to become cank]$1 & to be attack$ by ! woolly aphis1 sometimes call$ ! ,am]ican blight4 ,cank] is g5]ally caus$ by "s defect 9 ! dra9age or ! soil1 & ( c\rse no rem$y c be efficaci\s till ! cause ( ! disease is remov$2 :51 h[ev]1 ! soil has be5 r5ovat$ or dra9$1 ! effects ( ! disease may be obviat$ by head+ d[n ! tree1 :5 x w produce new & heal?y bran*es2 or cutt+ out ! cank]$ "p1 if !y %\ld be s l[ z to make x inconv5i5t to cut (f ! trunk ( ! tree bel[ !m4 ,! ,am]ican blight is be/ cur$ by bru%+ ! p>ts affect$ all ov] ) s(t soap & wat]2 & repeat+ ! op]ation :5ev] any fre% insects appe>4 ,! ,pe>4--,! culture ( ! pe> z a /&>d diff]s v little f t ( ! apple2 & ?\gh x is naturally r a deep]-root$ plant1 x requires its fibr\s roots to be kept ne> ! surface4 ,!re is a g5]al compla9t 9 g>d5s aga9/ pe>-trees z bad be>]s1 & v heal?y-look+ trees h be5 kn[n to exi/ tw5ty ye>s 9 a g>d5 )\t ev] ev5 %[+ any blossoms4 ,v>i\s causes h a t5d5cy to produce ?is effect4 ,! pe> be+ naturally incl9$ to s5d d[n its roots1 w d s1 unless effectually prev5t$ by a *amb]$ bord]1 or a h>d rocky sub-soil2 & if ! spongioles ( ! roots are all[$ to desc5d out ( ! rea* ( ! air1 ! /agnant moi/ure ( ! sub-soil w produce ! same effect on !m z on ^? ( ! apple4 ,plant+ pe>-trees 9 a v ri* /iff soil has a simil> effect4 ,injudici\s prun+1 p>ticul>ly 9 summ]1 is ano!r cause2 z cutt+ 9 "y %oots1 :ile ! sap is 9 motion1 has a t5d5cy to make ! tree ?r[ out two new %oots 9 ! room ( e "o remov$1 & ?us to exhau/ itself 9 produc+ bran*es4 ,summ] %oots %\ld ei!r be *eck$ by disbudd+ z soon z !y appe>1 or suff]$ to rema9 till w9t]1 :5 !y may be cut 91 )\t excit+ ! tree to fre% ef=ts to replace !m4 ,mu* ( ! f]tility ( pe>-trees also dep5ds on ! habit ( ! /ock be+ simil> to t ( ! graft2 & mu* also on a judici\s mann] ( tra9+4 ,z a wall-tree1 ! pe> is always tra9$ horizontally1 & spurs are left on all ! bran*es = produc+ fruit4 ,^! spurs us$ =m]ly to be left l>ge1 & /&+ out a foot or eighte5 in*es f ! wall2 b !y are n[ f\nd to be> be/ :5 kept %ort4 ,accord+ to ?is plan1 e spur is all[$ to be> only once1 viz4--9 its ?ird ye>2 & aft] ?is1 x is cut out to give place to ano!r spur1 :i* has be5 tra9$ to succe$ x4 ,by ?is mode ( treatm5t1 a con/ant succession ( "y spurs is kept up1 & fruit is produc$ all ov] ! tree2 :]eas1 by ! old me?od ( prun+ & tra9+1 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s1 ! project+ spurs became b>r51 & fruit 0 produc$ only at ! extremity ( ! bran*es4 ,pe>s are frequ5tly graft$ /&>d high1 :5 int5d$ = tra9+ aga9/ a wall1 9 ord] t !y may be us$ z rid]s betwe5 dw>f plums or pea*es4 ,pe>-trees g5]ally be> bett] z espali]s1 or dw>f /&>ds ?an aga9/ a wall1 & ?is has be5 attribut$ to r a curi\s reason4 ,! /am5s ( ! pe> h naturally v little f>9a2 & :]e ! blossoms are expos$ to great heat1 & h little air circulat+ r\nd !m1 z is ! case ) wall-trees1 ! poll5 is v apt to dry up )\t f]tiliz+ ! /igma4 ,! blossoms ( espali]s & dw>f /&>ds are expos$ to less heat & m air ?an ^? ( wall-trees2 & ?us _! poll5 is m likely to p]=m its natural functions4 ,! tru? ( ?is obs]vation has be5 prov$ by %ad+ ! blossoms ( a wall pe>-tree dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( _! expansion1 & fann+ !m ) an artificial curr5t ( air by means ( bell[s1 :5 x 0 f\nd t m ?an twice ! usual quantity ( fruit 0 produc$4 ,espali] pe>-trees h g5]ally a v r\gh appe>ance1 f _! rugg$ project+ spurs2 b dw>f /&>ds bo? look & be> well4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 ass]t$ by "s g>d5]s1 t rid]s on ! walls1 & tall /&>ds 9 ! or*>d1 come into be>+ e>li] ?an dw>f /&>ds1 unless ! bran*es ( ! dw>fs are suff]$ to gr[ v long1 & are curi\sly b5t & twi/$ to produce depositions ( sap4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 ! true cause ( ! dw>f /&>ds n be>+ is1 t1 9 "s cases1 !y h be5 plant$ 9 ! deep ri* soil ( ! kit*5-g>d51 int5d$ = cul9>y vegetables2 :ile ! trees 9 ! or*>d1 comp>$ ) !m1 7 9 poor light soil1 & ^? aga9/ ! wall 9 a prep>$ bord]4 ,!re is p]haps no fruit t has be5 s mu* improv$ by cultivation z ! pe>2 & ?is extraord9>y improvem5t has be5 pr9cipally effect$ by ! ex]tions ( ,pr(essor ,van ,mons ( ,l\va91 ne> ,brussels4 ,?is g5tleman1 t[>ds ! latt] end ( ! la/ c5tury1 hav+ turn$ 8 att5tion to ! culture ( fruit-trees1 conceiv$ ! idea t new v>ieties ( pe>s might be rais$ sci5tifically2 & ! result ( 8 fir/ exp]im5t 0 t he obta9$ f\r pe>s v sup]ior to ! k9ds previ\sly kn[n3 ^! k9ds 7 ! ,passe ,colm>1 ! ,beurr ,sp5ce1 ! ,beurr de ,ranz 7commonly call$ ! ,beurr ,rance71 & ! ,beurr d'hiv]4 ,enc\rag$ by ?is success1 ! ,b>on ,van ,mons repeat$ 8 exp]im5ts e ye>1 & ?us rais$ above a hundr$ ?\s& new k9ds ( pe>s2 & ?\gh by f> ! great] "p ( ^! prov$ 9 ! end n wor? gr[+1 _m v valuable pe>s h be5 obta9$4 ,van ,mons's !ory is to s[ ! mo/ p]fect se$ ( ! be/ pe> ( any giv5 sort t he c procure2 !n to =ce ! se$l+ z soon z possible into fruit1 & to s[ ! be/ se$ x produces1 & ?us to proce$ till ! fif? or six?1 or t5? or twelf? g5]ation4 ,9 ?is mann] co>se b highly-flav\r$ fruits 7 s(t5$ d[n1 & produc$ "s ( exquisite flav\r2 & among o!rs1 ! well-kn[n ,m>ie ,l\ise is said to h be5 ! desc5dant1 9 ! fifte5? g5]ation1 ( a v co>se & h>%-flav\r$ p>5t4 ,! ,gl\t morceau1 "o ( ! v be/ ( ! ,flemi% pe>s1 if kept till x is q ripe1 is ano!r v>iety1 said to be simil>ly desc5d$2 & ! ,du*esse d',ang\lme a ?ird4 ,! goodness ( all ^! pe>s1 h[ev]1 dep5ds a great deal on ! /ocks ^u :i* !y are graft$2 & ?us ! fruit produc$ does n always answ] ! expectations ( its gr[]s4 ,ano!r po9t to be att5d$ to is ! ?9n+ out ( ! fruit1 t m may n set ?an ! tree seems able to rip51 z1 if ! tree is suff]$ to be> too l>ge a crop1 ! fruit w be small1 h>d1 & )\t flav\r4 ,! ,qu9ce is a l[ tree :i* ?rives be/ ne> wat]4 ,x is always gr[n z a /&>d2 & ! fruit1 :i* is v ornam5tal :5 ripe1 is nev] eat5 raw4 ,x requires no p>ticul> c>e1 except t ( plant+ x 9 a moi/ s(t soil2 &1 if possible1 :]e its roots c h access to wat]4 ,!re are f\r or five k9ds gr[n 9 nurs]ies1 b !y diff] v little f ea* o!r4 ,,miscellane\s ,,fruit ,,trees4--,"u ?is head ,i %all include all ^? trees usually gr[n z /&>ds 9 pleasure gr\nds or or*>ds2 b :i*1 z _! fruit is eat51 appe> prop]ly to belong to ! dep>tm5t ( ! kit*5-g>d54 ,! ,m$l>4--,!re are ?ree or f\r k9ds ( m$l>s1 "o ( :i* is mu* l>g] ?an ! o!rs4 ,! m$l> w ?rive 9 any soil or situation n too dry2 b1 l ! qu9ce1 does be/ )9 ! rea* ( wat]4 ,! fruit1 :i* is nev] eat5 till x is 9 a /ate ( decay1 is n ( mu* value1 b ! fl[]s are v l>ge & r h&some4 ,! ,mulb]ry4--,!re are ?ree di/9ct species ( mulb]ry1 besides innum]able v>ieties4 ,! di/9ct species are ! :ite1 only us$ = fe$+ silk-worms ) its leaves2 ! black1 :i* is g5]ally gr[n 9 g>d5s = its fruit2 & ! r$1 or ,am]ican mulb]ry4 ,_m p]sons are n aw>e ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! black & ! :ite mulb]ries1 & !y ?9k t if !y h a mulb]ry tree 9 _! g>d51 !y _c d bett] ?an fe$ _! silk-worms ) its leaves2 ?\gh ! fact is t ! :ite mulb]ry is sc>cely ev] gr[n 9 ,engl&1 & ! leaves ( ! black mulb]ry are positively injuri\s to ! worms4 ,lettuce leaves are inde$ bett] ?an any o!r food = silk-worms re>$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! fruit ( ! r$ mulb]ry is eatable1 b n v good2 & its leaves are injuri\s to silkworms4 ,! black mulb]ry is said to be a native ( ,p]sia2 b if s x mu/ h be5 br\ght to ,europe at a v e>ly p]iod1 z x 0 common 9 ,italy :5 anci5t ,rome 0 at h] z5i?4 ,x appe>s to h be5 introduc$ into ,engl& long be=e #aegc1 z "s old trees1 /ill 9 exi/5ce1 are said to h be5 ( consid]able size 9 t ye>4 ,! mulb]ry has sev]al peculi>ities 9 its habits1 :i* di/+ui% x f mo/ o!r trees4 ,! mo/ /rik+ ( ^! is t x may be propagat$ by trun*eons3 t is1 if a l>ge limb ( a tree1 z ?ick z a man's arm or ?ick]1 be cut (f1 & /uck into ! gr\nd1 x w gr[ )\t any fur!r tr\ble be+ tak5 ) x2 & probably ! next ye>1 or ! ye> aft]1 x w be> abundance ( fruit4 ,?is ,i believe is ! case ) no o!r tree except ! olive4 ,! mulb]ry also is lat] ?an any o!r tree 9 com+ into leaf2 b :5 x does beg9 to op5 its buds1 its leaves are exp&$1 & its "y fruit =m$1 9 an incr$ibly %ort "t4 ,ano!r peculi>ity is t old trees frequ5tly split into five or six diff]5t p>ts1 ea* ( :i* 9 "t becomes surr\nd$ ) b>k1 s t a v old & ?ick trunk appe>s *ang$ into five or six sl5d] new ones3 ! bran*es also1 if !y lie along ! gr\nd1 take root & become trees2 & if an old mulb]ry tree be bl[n d[n1 e bran* s5ds d[n roots into ! gr\nd1 & 9 a v %ort "t becomes a tree4 ,:5 app>5tly dead1 a mulb]ry may 9 mo/ cases be resuscitat$ by cutt+ x d[n to j above ! coll>1 :5 x w s5d up a numb] ( "y /ems1 :i* w v soon be cov]$ ) fruit4 ,! mulb]ry1 9 o!r respects1 ne$s v little c>e f ! g>d5]2 x requires no prun+2 & ev5 ! fruit does n require ga!r+1 z x drops z soon z x is ripe4 ,! ,eld] is r a %rub ?an a tree2 & f its v disagreeable smell1 & /raggl+ habit ( gr[?1 x is r>ely plant$ except 9 cottage g>d5s4 ,!re are sev]al k9ds1 "o ) :ite b]ries1 ano!r ) gre51 & a ?ird1 :i* is v ornam5tal1 ) sc>let b]ries4 ,!re is also a v h&some k9d ) cut leaves3 a ptisan made ( ! fl[]s is reckon$ excell5t 9 ,france = produc+ p]spiration 9 cases ( colds & fev]s2 & ! fruit ( ! blackb]ri$ k9d is us$ = mak+ w9e1 & also a k9d ( jam4 ,! ,pomegranate4--,if ! eld] be consid]$ a plebeian fruit1 ! pomegranate may be call$ an ari/ocratic "o1 z x is r>ely se5 9 ,engl& except 9 ! g>d5s ( p]sons ( rank & weal?4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 x requires b little c>e f ! g>d5]1 & x is only necess>y = him to sp>e ! knife2 s9ce x is on ! po9ts ( ! %oots1 & on %ort sl5d] twigs project+ f ! bran*es1 :i* are exactly :at a g>d5]1 ^: only c>e 0 to make 8 tree look neat1 w\ld ?9k x advisable to cut (f1 t fl[]s are produc$4 ,pomegranates require v ri* & well pulv]is$ soil1 & to be tra9$ aga9/ a wall ) a s\?1 or s\?-ea/ aspect4 ,:5 x is wi%$ to ?r[ !m into fruit1 _! blossoms %\ld be %ad$ dur+ ! :ole "t ( _! expansion4 ,nut ,trees4--,! pr9cipal k9ds ( nut trees cultivat$ 9 ,briti% g>d5s are1 ! walnut1 ! sweet *e/nut1 & ! filb]t4 ,! ,am]ican hickories & ! black walnut are sometimes gr[n1 ?\gh b r>ely2 z are ! ,colurna & o!r nuts4 ,! almond also1 z x is gr[n only = ! k]nel ( its /ones1 may be class$ among ! nuts1 ?\gh x is1 prop]ly speak+1 a k9d ( pea*4 ,! ,walnut c h>dly be m5tion$ )\t br++ ) x a ho/ ( classical recollections4 ,! ,greeks d$icat$ ?is tree to ,diana1 & held ftes "u its %ade2 & ! ,romans call$ its fruit ! nut ( ,jove4 ,9 mod]n times its wood has obta9$ r an unpleasant k9d ( celebrity1 z be+ g5]ally us$ = mak+ ! /ocks ( muskets4 ,9 villages & c\ntry places1 h[ev]1 ! walnut recals m agreeable associations2 z its noble leaves & spread+ bran*es r5d] x a delightful tree = %ade2 & =m]ly x us$ to be frequ5tly f\nd at ! doors ( cottages & f>m h\ses4 ,!re are sev]al k9ds ( walnut-trees cultivat$ = _! fruit2 all v>ieties ( "o species1 & diff]+ pr9cipally 9 ! h>dness or comp>ative s(tness ( _! %ells4 ,walnut-trees are g5]ally propagat$ by s[+ ! nuts2 & if ! "y trees are plant$ 9 a light1 s&y1 & well-dra9$ soil1 !y w gr[ rapidly1 & be> at an e>ly age4 ,! cu/om :i* prevails among ! c\ntry p 9 "s p>ts ( ,engl& & ,france1 ( beat+ a b>r5 walnut-tree to make x be>1 is efficaci\s1 z ! beat+ breaks (f ! po9ts ( ! too luxuriant %oots1 & makes !m s5d out ^? %ort spurs :i* alone produce fruit2 ?\gh ! end w\ld be atta9$ ) m c]ta9ty by prun+4 ,a decoction ( walnut-leaves & husks is said to be v efficaci\s 9 protect+ plants aga9/ insects1 if spr9kl$ on ! leaves4 ,! nut ( ! black walnut 7,juglans nigra7 is s h>d z to be ( little use = ! table2 & only two or ?ree ( ^? ( ! hickories c be consid]$ z fruit4 ,! be/ ( ^! is ! peccane nut 7,c>ya oliv =mis71 ( :i* ,wa%+ton is said to h be5 s fond t he 0 r>ely )\t "s 9 8 pocket1 :i* he us$ to be cont9ually eat+ dur+ 8 campaigns4 ,! :ite hiccory 7,c>ya sulcata71 ! out] r9d ( :i* is v ?ick1 is also good to eat4 ,! sweet *e/nut is frequ5tly call$ ! ,spani% *e/nut1 because ! be/ sweet *e/nuts 7 =m]ly br\ght to ! ,london m>kets f ,spa94 ,! tree c1 inde$1 sc>cely be consid]$ z an ,engli% fruit-tree2 ?\gh "s ( ! *e/nuts sold = ! table are gr[n 9 ,devon%ire4 ,9 ,france1 *e/nut-trees are m common2 & !y are divid$ !re into two k9ds3 ! *ataigni]s & ! m>roni]s2 ! =m] be>+ ab\t ! same relation to ! latt] z ! crab does to ! apple4 ,! be/ *e/nuts 9 ,france are ^? call$ les m>rons de ,lyons4 ,! sweet *e/nut is a native ( ,asia2 b x has also be5 f\nd 9 ! nor? ( ,africa & ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x is always propagat$ by se$s1 & ?rives be/ 9 a deep s&y loam2 x w gr[ 9 ev5 ! poore/ gravel1 b x nev] does well 9 ei!r a calc>e\s soil1 or a /iff clay4 ,!re are sev]al celebrat$ *e/nut-trees ( enorm\s size & great age2 ! mo/ rem>kable ( :i* are ! ,ca/agna di ,c5to ,cavalli on ,m\nt ,etna1 & ! ,tortwor? *e/nut 9 ,engl&4 ,till )9 ! la/ eight or t5 ye>s x 0 believ$ t ! wood ( ! *e/nut 0 good timb]2 b x has lately be5 discov]$ t x is absolutely wor?less1 except :ile q "y3 ! wood t 0 suppos$ to be *e/nut1 hav+ be5 prov$ to be t ( ! ,engli% *e/nut oak 7,qu]cus sessiliflora74 ,! wood ( ! *e/nut1 :5 ! tree atta9s a l>ge size1 becomes :at ! ,engli% timb]-m]*ants call %aky1 & :at ! ,fr5* call diall$2 t is1 in/ead ( =m+ a solid log ( timb]1 ! trunk :5 cut d[n is f\nd to fly (f 9 spl9t]s1 or to divide into a numb] ( angul> pieces1 z if %iv]$ by a bl[ f ! c5tre4 ,! filb]t is only a v>iety ( ! common hazel2 & x is suppos$ to d]ive its "n f ! words 8full be>d10 9 allusion to ! l5g? ( its husk4 ,! v>ieties ( ! hazel are inde$ divid$ into two classes3 ^? ) long husks :i* are call$ ! filb]ts2 & ^? ) %ort husks :i* are call$ ! nuts4 ,all ! v>ieties gr[ be/ 9 calc>e\s soils1 l ^? ( ,k5t2 9 :i* c\nty ! be/ nuts gr[n 9 ,engl& are rais$4 ,:5 ei!r filb]ts or nuts are gr[n 9 g>d5s !y are g5]ally plant$ 9 r[s f five feet to t5 feet ap>t f ea* o!r 9 ! r[1 accord+ z !y are want$ to gr[ high1 or to spread4 ,filb]ts are g5]ally propagat$ by s[+ ! se$s1 & nuts by suck]s1 :i* ! trees ?r[ up 9 abundance4 8,! pr9cipal art 9 ! culture ( ! filb]t z a fruit-tree10 says ,mr4 ,l\don 9 8 ,arboretum ,britannicum1 8consi/s 9 tra9+ & prun+ x prop]ly1 z ! blossom is produc$ ^u ! sides & extremities ( ! upp] "y bran*es1 & f small "y %oots :i* proce$ f ! bases ( side bran*es1 cut (f ! prec$+ ye>4 ,! tree requires to be kept rem>kably op51 9 ord] t ! ma9 bran*es may produce "y wood ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( _! l5g?4 ,9 ! filb]t or*>ds ab\t ,maid/one1 ! trees are tra9$ ) %ort /ems l gooseb]ry-bu%es1 & are =m$ into ! %ape ( a pun*-b[l1 exce$+ly ?9 ( wood40 ,:5 ! trees are prun$1 c>e is tak5 to eradicate all ! suck]s4 ,filb]ts are always kept 9 _! husks1 & if !y lose _! col\r & appe> black or m\ldy1 _! appe>ance is r5ovat$ by ! deal]s1 by putt+ !m into iron trays pi]c$ ) holes1 & g5tly %ak+ !m ov] a *af+-di% full ( *>coal1 on :i* a little p[d]$ sulphur has be5 ?r[n :ile ! *>coal 0 r$-hot4 ,! ,con/ant9ople nut1 or ,colurna hazel1 is a l>ge h&some tree1 & ! ,am]ican hazels are %rubs gr[n occasionally 9 plantations1 b n cultivat$ 9 ,engl& = _! fruit4 ,! almond is 9 fact a pea*-tree1 ) a fruit hav+ a lea!ry p]ic>dium in/ead ( a fle%y "o2 & :at are call$ almonds are ! k]nels ( ! /ones ( ?is fruit4 ,! bitt] & sweet almonds are v>ieties ( ! same species2 & !re are sev]al o!r v>ieties diff]+ pr9cipally 9 ! degree ( h>dness ( ! /one4 ,! o!r "p ( ! fruit is 9 all ! v>ieties q wor?less2 except = ! prussic acid x conta9s4 ,! prussic acid us$ 9 m$ic9e is1 h[ev]1 made pr9cipally f ! k]nel ( ! bitt] almond1 ?\gh x does n exi/ 9 t ( ! sweet v>iety4 ,almond-trees are propagat$ by graft+ ei!r on almond or plum-/ocks2 !y are frequ5tly plant$ = ! beauty ( _! fl[]s1 :i* appe> be=e ! leaves1 b !y are seldom gr[n 9 ,engl& = _! fruit2 mo/ ( ! almonds sold 9 ,london be+ import$ f ,italy or ,spa94 ,! ,jordan almonds1 :i* are consid]$ ! be/1 are br\ght f ,malaga4 ,! almond requires a dry soil1 ei!r s&y or calc>e\s2 & ! situation %\ld be %elt]$1 z ! bran*es are brittle & apt to be brok5 (f by high w9ds4 ,:5 ! /ones are s[n1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to press ! %>p ends d[nw>ds4 ,! "y plants w n be> transplant+1 z !y w s5d d[n tap-roots two feet long ! fir/ season4 ,,fruit-,,%rubs4--,! pr9cipal fruit-%rubs gr[n 9 g>d5s are gooseb]ries1 currants1 & raspb]ries2 to :i* may be add$ b>b]ries & cranb]ries4 ,! gooseb]ry4--,! numb] ( v>ieties ( ?is useful fruit almo/ exce$s belief1 & fre% k9ds are orig9at$ e ye>4 ,! pr9cipal reason ( ! great numb] ( gooseb]ries ?us rais$ may be trac$ to ! gooseb]ry %[s n[ s preval5t 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! k+dom4 ,at ^! %[s ! l>ge/ & heavie/ b]ries ga9 ! prize2 & x ?us becomes an object ) ! exhibitors to gr[ b]ries t %all be z l>ge & z heavy z possible4 ,= ?is purpose !y raise a great _m new k9ds2 & :5 !y h obta9$ "o likely to suit _! purpose1 !y plant x 9 v ri* soil1 wat] x well1 & pick+ (f all ! b]ries except ?ree or f\r1 !y n\ri% ^! by putt+ sauc]s fill$ ) wat] "u ea*4 ,by ^! c>es gooseb]ries h be5 produc$ weigh+ above an ounce & a half ea*2 & "o weigh+ v ne>ly two ounces2 ?\gh gooseb]ries g5]ally1 ev5 ( l>ge size1 seldom weigh above half an ounce4 ,gooseb]ries may be propagat$ ei!r by se$s or cutt+s2 & !y w ?rive 9 any good g>d5 soil1 if x be well dra9$1 well manur$1 & n "u ! drip ( trees4 ,:5 gooseb]ries are want$ l>ge1 ! gr\nd betwe5 ! r[s %\ld h a coat+ ( rott5 manure laid on x e ?ird ye>4 ,gooseb]ry-bu%es are g5]ally plant$ 9 r[s1 ! r[s eight or t5 feet ap>t1 & ! bu%es six feet f ea* o!r 9 ! r[s4 ,!y are prun$ twice a-ye>3 9 w9t] to remove ! bran*es n likely to produce fruit2 & 9 summ] to cle> away ! cross %oots :i* %ade ! fruit f ! sun1 & prev5t ! access ( air to e "p ( ! tree4 ,x is a v good plan to ?9 ! fruit2 :i* is easily done :5 ga!r+ gre5 gooseb]ries = pies & pudd+s1 by tak+ a few f e bran* & nev] ga!r+ f ! same tree twice4 ,! gooseb]ry bu% produces fruit bo? on ! old & "y wood2 b 9 ! summ] prun+ all ! long sl5d] %oots :i* ! tree s5ds out beyond ! "p :i* produces fruit %\ld be cut (f1 to prev5t ! plant f wa/+ its /r5g?4 ,! be/ r$ gooseb]ries = g5]al use are p]haps ! foll[+3 ! ,w>r+ton1 :i* is a great be>]1 & reta9s its fruit a long "t on ! tree2 ! ,*ampagne1 an e>ly gooseb]ry ( v f9e flav\r2 ! e>ly ,r\gh-,r$1 small1 b rem>kable = its sweetness2 ! ,ro>+-,lion1 ! l>ge/ gooseb]ry gr[n1 a good be>]1 ! b]ries ( :i* are oblong1 & h a smoo? sk92 ! ,ironmong]1 ! fruit ( :i* is almo/ black2 ! ,cr[n-,bob1 a v l>ge gooseb]ry1 equally good = us+ gre5 or ripe2 & ! ,top-,sawy]1 a l>ge1 r\nd & r\gh gooseb]ry1 ) a v ?9 sk91 & agreeable flav\r4 ,! be/ :ite gooseb]ries1 are ! ,:ite ,dut*1 ! ,:itesmi?1 ,well+ton's ,glory1 & ! ,*e%ire ,lass1 ! la/ two be+ ( v l>ge size2 ! be/ yell[ are ,rumbullion1 & ,rockwood1 ! fir/ ( :i* is reckon$ ! be/ ( all gooseb]ries = pres]v+2 & ! be/ gre5 are ,ocean1 a l>ge e>ly gooseb]ry1 & ! ,pitma/on ,gre5gage1 a late v>iety1 rem>kable = its extraord9>y sweetness1 & = its hang+ on ! tree till kill$ by fro/4 ,currants are v seldom rais$ f se$2 z !re is no p>ticul> desire = ! production ( new sorts4 ,! usual mode ( propagation is by cutt+s1 :i* are tak5 (f ! /ronge/ %oots 9 autumn or e>ly 9 spr+1 & plant$ 9 ri* soil4 ,! cutt+s are g5]ally ab\t a foot long2 & all ! buds are tak5 (f except five or six at ! top3 ! cutt+ is !n firmly ins]t$ 9 ! soil ab\t six in*es deep4 ,no o!r c>e is requir$ b prun+ ! "y trees e ye>4 ,! currant be>s on spurs ( ! old & new wood2 & z currant-trees1 :5 prun$1 are g5]ally cut into ^! spurs1 a currant-bu% aft] its w9t] prun+ looks l a wor?less /ump1 fit only = ! fire4 ,! currant is v h>dy1 & w gr[ 9 any soil or situation1 ev5 "u ! drip ( trees4 ,9 op5 situations & ri* soils1 currants h be5 gr[n to a v l>ge size2 b n proportionately l>ge to gooseb]ries4 ,! r$1 :ite1 & /rip$ currants are v>ieties ( ! same species2 b ! black is ano!r species4 ,all belong to ! same g5us z ! gooseb]ry4 ,raspb]ries are1 :at are call$1 travell+ plants2 t is to say1 if left to !mselves1 !y w\ld1 by ! old plants dy+ (f1 & be+ succe$$ by suck]s e ye>1 soon travel ov] a consid]able ext5t ( gr\nd4 ,! raspb]ry ?rives be/ 9 a light1 free loam1 mod]ately ri*2 & 9 an op5 situation4 ,x always be>s on ! "y %oots1 s t ! pr9cipal art requir$ 9 prun+ x consi/s 9 cutt+ out ! old wood1 & %ort5+ ! "y4 ,! height at :i* ! be>+ %oots %\ld be left is ?ree feet1 or f\r feet4 ,! be/ raspb]ries are ! r$ & yell[ ,antw]p4 ,raspb]ries are propagat$ by suck]s1 :i* are produc$ 9 great abundance e ye>4 ,! raspb]ry belongs to ! same g5us z ! bramble1 or blackb]ry4 ,b>b]ries4--,no fruit-tree or %rub requires less c>e 9 its culture ?an ! b>b]ry1 or1 z x is m prop]ly call$1 ! b]b]ry4 ,! sorts usually gr[n = _! fruit are all v>ieties ( ! common sort3 !y are ! common r$1 ! /oneless1 & ! sweet4 ,sev]al v>ieties ( ! ,mahonia or ,a% b]b]ry be> excell5t fruit1 b ! trees are at pres5t too r>e1 & ( too high a price1 to be cultivat$ = t purpose4 ,! b]b]ry w gr[ 9 any soil & situation1 & x does n require any prun+4 ,! ,cranb]ry w only gr[ 9 moi/ soil1 or peat e>?4 ,x succe$s v well on ! muddy m>g9 ( a pond2 p>ticul>ly if a r[ ( /akes be driv5 into ! wat] two or ?ree feet f ! edge1 & l9$ ) /ones1 on :i* is laid a quantity ( bog e>?4 ,9 ?is e>? ! cranb]ries are plant$1 & !y w require no aft]-c>e except ! occasional trimm+ into %ape ( _! long runn]s4 ,! common cranb]ry is a native ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & inde$ ( all ! nor? ( ,europe2 b its fruit is mu* small] ?an t ( ! ,am]ican cranb]ry1 :i* has also a m delicate flav\r4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,fl[]-,,g>d51 ,,& ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,fl[]s4 ,:atev] d\bts may be ent]ta9$ z to ! practicability ( a lady att5d+ to ! culture ( cul9>y vegetables & fruit-trees1 none c exi/ respect+ h] managem5t ( ! fl[]-g>d51 z t is pre-em95tly a woman's dep>tm5t4 ,! culture ( fl[]s implies ! lighte/ possible k9d ( g>d5 lab\r2 only1 inde$1 en\gh to give an int]e/ 9 its effects4 ,?is light lab\r is1 9 fact1 "o ( ! reasons t ! culture ( fl[]s is s g5]ally a fav\rite occupation2 z1 ?\gh x is "o ( ! conditions ( our nature t we %all nev] enjoy :at is too easily obta9$1 x is equally true t we _c associate ! ideas ( pleasure ) any?+ t gives u v mu* tr\ble4 ,! culture ( fl[]s is exactly 9 ! happy m$ium betwe5 :at is too h>d & :at is too easy4 ,!re are difficulties 9 x1 b !y are su* z may be readily surm\nt$2 & ! result at once gratifies our own s5se ( :at is beautiful1 & our pride at be+ ! means ( pres5t+1 s mu* t is wor?y to be admir$1 to o!rs4 ,lay+ out a ,fl[]-,g>d54--,v little ne$ be said ( ! aspect ( ! fl[]-g>d51 z1 9 mo/ cases1 x dep5ds on circum/ances q beyond ! control ( ! cultivator ( fl[]s3 :51 h[ev]1 a situation c be *os51 ! be/ is "o op5 to ! s\? or s\?-ea/1 & %elt]$ on ! nor?4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 9 all situations1 t fl[]s nev] d well "u ! %ade ( trees4 ,:]e no gr\nd c be sp>$ = a fl[]-g>d5 b a spot surr\nd$ by tall trees1 x is bett] to give up at once ! idea ( gr[+ fl[]s 9 x 9 b$s1 & to ornam5t x ) rock-"w1 f\nta9s1 vases1 /atues1 c41 int]sp]s$ ) a few fl[]+ trees & %rubs1 s arrang$1 t ?\gh _! fl[]s1 if produc$1 w\ld augm5t ! beauty ( ! sc5e1 ! want ( !m may n de/roy x1 if !y %\ld fail4 ,fl[]-g>d5s are ( two k9ds1--^? t are call$ natural1 & :i* are plant$ )\t any reg>d to regul>ity1 & ^? t are call$ geometrical1 & :i* consi/ ( b$s =m+ "s def9ite figure4 ,! natural1 or ,engli% /yle1 z x is call$ abroad1 h[ev] beautiful x may be 9 pleasure-gr\nds1 is v ill adapt$ to a fl[]-g>d51 :i* is ess5tially artificial4 ,! pr9cipal beauty ( a fl[]-g>d5 consi/s1 inde$1 9 ! elegance ) :i* x has be5 arrang$1 & ! neatness ) :i* x is kept2 or1 9 o!r words1 9 ! evid5ce x af=ds ( ! art t has be5 employ$ 9 =m+ x4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x is q cle> t an artificial mode ( arrangem5t is m suitable to x ?an any o!r1 z x is be/ adapt$ = keep+ up ! h>mony ( ! :ole4 ,9 all cases1 !re=e1 :]e ! g>d5 is l>ge en\gh to %[ a =mal figure to advantage1 ! artificial mode ( arrangem5t %\ld be adopt$2 & :]ev] x is adopt$1 ! b$s %\ld be plant$ s z to =m masses ( diff]5t-col\r$ fl[]s4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 ! g>d5 is v small1 & no "p ( x c be set entirely ap>t = fl[]s1 no attempt %\ld be made to produce masses ( col\r 9 regul> =ms2 b ! plants %\ld be arrang$ along ! bord]s s+ly1 or 9 pat*es1 z may be be/ adapt$ to display ! individual beauties ( ea*4 ,9 "s cases1 fl[]s may be plant$ 9 bord]s1 s z to =m a m9iature repres5tation ( ! natural sy/em3 z1 = in/ance1 fir/ !re may be plant$ anemones & ranunculuses1 int]sp]s$ ) pat*es ( ,flos ,adonis1 l>kspurs1 c4 to come into fl[] :5 ! anemones & ranunculuses h done fl[]+2 next %\ld be "s poppies & fumitories2 & next1 /ocks & wall-fl[]s4 ,9 ?is mann]1 ! b$s might be arrang$1 by mix+ p]5nials & annuals1 s z to =m an ornam5tal botanic g>d5 dur+ ! :ole ( ! fl[]+ season2 & ! fl[]-g>d5 w\ld ?us become n m]ely a s\rce ( elegant amusem5t1 b also actually ( sci5tific k1 )\t any appe>ance ( =mal arrangem5t4 ,:5 ! fl[]-g>d5 is to be a geometrical "o1 ! be/ way ( design+ x is to draw a figure on pap] consi/+ ( angul>1 circul>1 or s]p5t9e =ms1 to repres5t b$s1 & arrang+ !m s z to =m a :ole4 ,?is may appe> easy at fir/1 b to d x well1 requires a great deal ( bo? ta/e & +5uity2 z ea* =m %\ld n only h>monize well ) ! o!rs1 b be h&some 9 itself4 ,:]e ! space to be laid out is small1 ! figure may be m complex1 & ! sep>ate b$s m grotesque 9 _! %apes1 ?an :]e ! g>d5 is l>ge3 b :]e a l>ge space is devot$ to fl[]s1 only simply =m$ b$s %\ld be adopt$4 ,! reason = ?is is1 t :]e ! b$s are ( biz>re %apes1 !y require to be se5 at "o c\p-d'il to h a good effect2 :]eas simple & uni=m %apes may be se5 ei!r toge!r or alone1 )\t produc+ any disagreeable impression on ! m9d4 ,?us1 9 l>ge fl[]-g>d5s1 a succession ( circles or ovals at regul> di/ances1 s z to =m cont9ually *ang+ vi/as to ! spectator :o walks ?r\gh !m1 w h a mu* bett] effect ?an any geometric figure1 ! p>ts compos+ :i* appe> ridicul\s :5 disjo9t$4 ,:atev] figures may be adopt$1 z soon z !y h be5 sket*$ on pap]1 ea* b$ %\ld be col\r$2 to try :at arrangem5t ( col\rs w be be/ suit$ to ! =m ( ! b$s1 c4 ,! col\rs1 ( c\rse1 %\ld be ^? usually f\nd 9 fl[]s3 = example1 yell[1 sc>let1 blue1 p9k1 orange1 & purple2 & !y %\ld be arrang$1 n only ) a view to effect1 b ) reg>d to ! practicability ( fill+ ! b$s ) suitable fl[]s4 ,! col\rs above m5tion$ may1 h[ev]1 g5]ally be procur$1 & a b$ ( :ite fl[]s may be add$ at pleasure :]ev] x may appe> necess>y4 ,! =ms ( ! b$s hav+ be5 decid$ on1 ! next /ep is to m>k !m on ! gr\nd1 & ?is is done 9 sev]al diff]5t ways4 ,"o is by cov]+ ! figure ) squ>es1 & !n =m+ mu* l>g] squ>es ) pack-?read ov] ! gr\nd2 t "p ( ! outl9e ( ! figure conta9$ 9 ea* ( ! small squ>es is !n to be transf]r$ to ! correspond+ l>ge squ>e1 by trac+ x on ! gr\nd ) ! po9t ( a /ick4 ,:5 ! patt]n is regul>1 x is sometimes m>k$ on ! gr\nd by /ret*+ a g>d5-l9e f "o po9t to ano!r by means ( pegs4 ,:5 ?is l9e is s arrang$ z to =m ! prop] figure1 x is *alk$1 & made to ?rill betwe5 ! pegs1 s z to transf] ! *alk 9 ! prop] l9es to ! gr\nd4 ,:5 circles are to be trac$1 x is done by fir/ fix+ a /ake 9 ! c5tre1 & !n =m+ a loop at ! end ( a cord1 & putt+ x ov] ! /ake4 ,"o end ( ! cord be+ ?us fa/5$ to ! /ake1 ! o!r end %\ld be /ret*$ out to ! extremity ( ! radius or half-diamet] ( ! circle1 & a %ort po9t$ /ick %\ld be ti$ to x1 ) :i*1 ! circle may be trac$ all r\nd4 ,an oval is made by trac+ two circles1 ! out] edge ( "o ( :i* j t\*es ! c5tre ( ! o!r2 a %ort l9e is !n drawn at ! top1 & ano!r at ! bottom1 & ?is1 :5 ! c5tral l9es are oblit]at$1 =ms ! oval4 ,_m o!r ways w sugge/ !mselves1 & may be adopt$3 ! ess5tial po9ts 9 all be+ to h ! gr\nd fir/ dug1 & made p]fectly smoo? & level2 & !n to h ! figure cle>ly & accurately trac$ out & te/$ by measurem5t1 be=e any ( ! b$s are =m$1 or ! turf or gravel laid d[n4 ,plant+ ! b$s & =m+ ! walks require ne>ly z mu* c>e z trac+ out ! figure4 ,_m p]sons1 h[ev]1 are n aw>e ( ?is3 !y ?9k1 if ! figure be good & accurately trac$ on ! gr\nd1 t no?+ m w be requir$2 or1 if any ?+ m be necess>y1 x is only to indicate ! prop] col\rs ( ! b$s to ! g>d5]4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n en\gh2 l[ plants produc+ abundance ( fl[]s mu/ be *os51 & ^! mu/ be c>efully tra9$1 or pegg$ d[n1 s z to cov] ! b$s entirely1 or ! effect w be de/roy$4 ,if1 = example1 a b$ ( sc>let be want$1 a lady w\ld probably ?9k t h] g>d5] w\ld h no tr\ble 9 f9d+ abundance ( sc>let fl[]s2 & hav+ told him ! col\r1 %e w\ld give h]self no fur!r tr\ble4 ,n[ ! k9d ( sc>let fl[] to be us$1 dep5ds entirely on ! position ( ! b$1 & ! k9ds ( fl[]s us$ 9 ! o!r b$s4 ,if ^! fl[]s h be5 dw>fs1 & tra9$ s z entirely to cov] ! gr\nd1 ! sc>let fl[] us$1 %\ld be ! v]b5a mel9dres1 7or *amdrifolia z x is n[ call$17 or "s ( its v>ieties1 & ea* /em %\ld be pegg$ d[n close to ! gr\nd4 ,?us treat$1 & suppli$ ) abundance ( wat]1 be+ gr[n 9 ri* light soil1 on a por\s subsoil or well dra9$1 ! v]b5a w soon become a spl5did mass ( sc>let1 almo/ too dazzl+ = ! eye to be>1 unless x be reliev$ by grass walks betwe5 ! b$s4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! b$ 9 "q _h be5 plant$ ) "o ( ! sc>let lobelias1 or ev5 sc>let g]aniums1 ! effect w\ld h be5 q diff]5t1 f ! tall] gr[? ( ! plants1 & ! great] proportion ( leaves to _! fl[]s4 ,:]e g]aniums are gr[n to produce an effect 9 b$s1 ! plants %\ld be kept bu%y :ile 9 ! gre5-h\se or frame1 by cont9ually %ift+ !m into l>g] pots1 or frequ5tly tak+ (f ! po9ts ( _! %oots2 & :5 plant$ out1 !y %\ld be at lea/ a foot or eighte5 in*es asund]1 increas+ ! di/ance1 if ! plants are v l>ge4 ,! k9d %\ld be ! ,frogmore or ,dropmore v>ieties2 & ! plants %\ld be well wat]$1 & frequ5tly prun$ :]ev] !y ?r[ up long %oots4 ,o!r plants %\ld be treat$ 9 a simil> mann]2 & great c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep all ! plants 9 ! b$s :i* are to comb9e to =m a figure1 ( ! same height1 & equally cov]$ ) fl[]s4 ,! c5tre b$ alone may h tall] plants4 ,:]e ! walks are ( gravel1 a great] proportion ( leaves may be all[$ to ! fl[]s2 b a geometrical fl[]-g>d5 nev] looks half s well on gravel z on grass4 ,! walks ( a geometrical fl[]-g>d51 if ( grass1 may be laid d[n ) turf1 or s[n ) grass se$s2 & 9 ei!r case !y %\ld nev] be p>$ 7z t w\ld enl>ge ! b$s1 & de/roy _! proportion to ! walks71 unless "s "p %\ld accid5tally project into ! b$1 :5 x %\ld be remov$1 & ! turf press$ d[n s z to =m ! same gradual slope f ! b$ to ! walk z 9 ! o!r "p4 ,:]e ! walks are ( gravel1 ! b$s %\ld h a neat edg+ ( box1 or any o!r plant t may be pref]r$1 kept q l[ & n>r[1 by frequ5t prun+1 b :i* %\ld nev] be clipp$4 ,! ,culture ( ,fl[]s4--,! ornam5tal fl[]s gr[n 9 g>d5s may be all arrang$ "u ! heads ( annuals1 bi5nials1 p]5nials1 bulbs1 tub]s1 corms1 fl[]+ dw>f %rubs1 climb]s1 tw9]s1 trail]s1 & rock plants2 & z ! culture ( ! plants 9 ea* division is ne>ly ! same1 ,i %all say a few words on ea*1 p>ticul>iz+ ^? plants :i* require a diff]5t treatm5t f ! ord9>y r\t9e ( _! k9d4 ,annuals4--,mo/ ( ! h>dy annual fl[]s %\ld be s[n 9 ,m>*1 ,april1 or ,may1 9 ! op5 bord] :]e !y are int5d$ to rema94 ,! usual me?od ( s[+ 9 ! bord]s1 is1 fir/ to loos5 ! gr\nd ) a =k1 & to break x v f9e2 aft] :i* x %\ld be made p]fectly level1 & rak$4 ,a circle is !n made by press+ ! bottom ( a fl[]-pot sauc]1 ?ree or f\r in*es 9 diamet]1 on ! gr\nd2 & six or eight se$s are spread ov] ! level surface ?us =m$3 a little soil is !n spr9kl$ ov] !m1 & ! surface slightly press$ aga9 ) ! sauc]4 ,if ! wea!r1 or ! soil be dry1 a slight wat]+ %\ld be giv5 to ! se$s aft] s[+1 ) a wat]+-pot hav+ a v f9e rose2 b ?is mu/ be done c>efully1 z too mu* wat] w\ld wa% ! se$s out ( _! place4 ,x is usual1 aft] s[+1 to /ick a flat /ick into ! gr\nd 9 ! c5tre ( ! pat* ) ! "n ( ! fl[] ^u x2 & x is bett] to write ^! names v pla9ly1 ) a r s(t black-lead p5cil ?an ) ink1 z ! ink is v apt to run1 & to r5d] ! words indi/9ct4 ,v neat little tallies1 call$ monogrammes1 made ( v smoo? wood1 & prep>$ = writ+ on1 are sold at ! pr9cipal se$ %ops4 ,x is cu/om>y ) _m g>d5]s1 aft] s[+ fl[] se$s1 to turn a fl[]-pot ov] !m2 & ?is practice is useful 9 keep+ ! se$s moi/ by prev5t+ evaporation1 :ile ! hole 9 ! bottom ( ! pot admits en\gh light & air = g]m9ation4 ,! fl[]-pot %\ld1 h[ev]1 be remov$ z soon z ! "y plants appe> above gr\nd2 z if kept on long]1 ! plants w\ld be drawn up1 & _! /ems w\ld become s elongat$1 & consequ5tly s weak1 t !y w\ld nev] recov] _! /r5g? or beauty4 ,fl[]+ plants %\ld always be kept dw>f & compact2 n only on acc\nt ( ! sup]ior neatness ( _! appe>ance1 b because tall1 ill-gr[n plants nev] produce f9e fl[]s4 ,= ?is reason1 z soon z annuals atta9 _! second pair ( leaves !y %\ld be ?9n$ out2 & aga91 :5 ab\t a foot high1 if necess>y4 ,z ! plants gr[ !y %\ld be wat]$ occasionally2 & :5 ( a prop] height1 /ak$ & ti$ up1 if ( a k9d to require support4 ,z soon z ! fl[]s fade !y %\ld be cut (f2 unless1 z is sometimes ! case1 ! plant has v ornam5tal se$ pods1 9 :i* case !y may be left on4 ,x is seldom wor? :ile = any lady to save h] own se$2 b :5 %e does s1 ! plants = t purpose %\ld be gr[n 9 a back g>d5 or res]ve-gr\nd1 z !y greatly disfigure a fl[]-g>d54 ,all annuals1 inde$1 %\ld be tak5 up1 & c>ri$ to ! refuse heap z soon z !y cease to be ornam5tal2 z 9 _! )]$ /ate1 !y only call up unpleasant images 9 ! m9d4 ,t5d] annuals are rais$ on a hot-b$1 & ?\gh g5]ally s[n 9 ,febru>y1 are n plant$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd till ,may4 ,:5 !y h be5 rais$ 9 pots1 ! cont5ts ( ea* pot %\ld be c>efully turn$ out1 & put into a hole made to receive !m )\t break+ ! ball ( e>? t has =m$ r\nd ! roots ( ! plants4 ,z "s plants1 z = example /ocks1 & all ! crucif]1 require a ri* soil1 a hole may be dug 9 ! bord] a foot or eighte5 in*es 9 diamet]1 & ab\t ! same dep?1 & fill$ ) a ri* compo/ ( equal p>ts ( g>d5 m\ld1 decay$ leaves1 & well rott$ manure1 or :at is mu* bett]1 ) ei!r ! rema9s ( ! tr5*es 9 :i* cel]y 0 gr[n ! prec$+ summ]1 or ! e>? us$ 9 cov]+1 or t laid r\nd1 manure :ile f]m5t+ = a hot-b$4 ,! hole %\ld be fill$ ) ?is compo/1 s z to raise x ab\t six in*es high] ?an ! re/ ( ! bord]1 to all[ = ! new e>? s9k+1 & ! annuals %\ld be plant$ 9 ! c5tre1 & c>efully %ad$ = a few days by a fl[]-pot be+ turn$ ov] !m4 ,! mode ( mak+ & manag+ a hot-b$ has be5 already giv5 9 ! second *apt] ( ?is "w2 b ! readie/ way = ! inhabitants ( a suburban villa to obta9 half-h>dy annuals1 is to pur*ase !m f "s nurs]yman :5 ready = transplant+4 ,! usual price is f two-p5ce to f\r-p5ce = a doz5 plants2 & ?us1 = a c\ple ( %ill+s1 a suffici5t numb] ( plants may be procur$ to make a spl5did display = a :ole summ]4 ,no "o %\ld1 inde$1 attempt to manage a hot-b$1 :o has n "s p]son to pay con/ant att5tion to x2 z "o day's neglect respect+ giv+ air1 wat]+1 c4 w (t5 de/roy ! hopes ( a :ole season4 ,! ,cali=nian annuals require peculi> treatm5t4 ,^! plants are v h>dy1 & ?\gh _m ( !m are ( %ort duration 9 fl[]1 !y may1 by prop] managem5t1 be contriv$ to produce a brilliant effect dur+ ! :ole summ]4 ,= ?is purpose a well-trodd5 pa?1 or a piece ( v h>d gr\nd1 %\ld be cov]$ ab\t an in* ?ick ) v light ri* soil2 & ! se$s ( any ( ! ,cali=nian annuals %\ld be s[n 9 x4 ,^! w /& ! w9t]1 & 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 :5 ! fl[]-b$s h be5 dug ov]1 & made q smoo?1 ! annuals %\ld be tak5 up ) ! spade 9 pat*es & laid on ! b$2 ! spaces betwe5 ! pat*es be+ fill$ up ) soil1 & ! :ole made q firm & compact1 by beat+ ea* pat* d[n ) ! back ( ! spade4 ,z soon z ! pat*es h be5 remov$1 fre% e>? %\ld be spread on ! h>d gr\nd1 & fre% se$s s[n 9 x1 ! plants spr++ f :i* w be ready to transf] to ! b$s z soon z ! fir/ s]ies h done fl[]+2 & 9 ?is way a succession ( fl[]s may be kept up ne>ly all ! ye>1 obs]v+ to dig ov] ! b$ 9 ! fl[]-g>d5 to :i* ! fl[]s are to be transplant$1 & to rake x smoo? e "t ! old fl[]s are remov$1 9 ord] to prep>e x = ! new ones4 ,bi5nials are plants :i* d n fl[] till ! second ye>4 ,!y are g5]ally s[n 9 ,m>*1 ,april1 or ,may1 & are transplant$ 9 ,septemb]1 to ! situations :]e !y are to fl[] ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ^! fl[]s are ! diff]5t k9ds ( hollyhock1 snapdragon1 ,cant]bury bells1 wallfl[]s1 sweet-williams1 no!ras1 & ,brompton /ocks2 b !re are _m o!rs extremely beautiful & equally well des]v+ ( cultivation4 ,mo/ ( ! bi5nials may be propagat$ by lay]s or cutt+s1 & ?us treat$1 !y w la/ f\r or five ye>s4 ,p]5nial h]bace\s plants are s num]\s1 t few g5]al directions c be giv5 = _! culture1 & x w be necess>y to treat ( ! pr9cipal families sep>ately4 ,p]5nial fl[]s are g5]ally propagat$ by lay]s1 cutt+s1 (fsets1 suck]s1 & division ( ! root2 = :5 rais$ f se$1 _m ( ! k9ds d n blossom = sev]al ye>s4 ,:5 propagat$ by lay]s1 ! e>? :i* is press$ ov] ! pegg$-d[n %oot1 %\ld n be kept too moi/2 z lay]s ( h]bace\s plants1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! /em has be5 p>tly slit ?r\gh1 are v apt to rot4 ,! same rem>k holds good z to cutt+s2 & !y %\ld g5]ally h few] leaves left on1 ?an cutt+s ( trees & %rubs4 ,_m plants produce (fsets1 su* z ! pot5tilla1 ! wild g]anium1 c41 & ^! only require sep>at+ f ! p>5t1 & plant+ 9 spr+2 all ! fl[]-buds %\ld1 h[ev]1 be p9*$ (f ! fir/ ye>1 to /r5g!n ! plant1 & to enc\rage x to s5d d[n roots4 ,suck]s are treat$ 9 exactly ! same mann] z (fsets4 ,division ( ! roots is1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ common way ( propagat+ p]5nials4 ,to d ?is ! plant is g5]ally tak5 up1 & ! roots pull$ asund] if dry1 or cut into pieces if fle%y1 & replant$2 c>e be+ tak5 to cut (f any "p ( ! fibr\s roots t may h be5 w\nd$1 or brok51 by ! removal4 ,! plant itself is also g5]ally prun$ or cut 91 & "s ( its leaves are tak5 (f be=e replant+1 & c>efully %ad$ & wat]$ till x has recov]$ f ! effects ( its removal4 ,all p]5nial plants %\ld be occasionally tak5 up1 ?9n$1 & replant$ ) ! same precautions3 & ! gr\nd dug ov]1 & r5ovat$1 be=e !y are replac$4 ,! mo/ rem>kable k9ds ( h]bace\s plants are ^? call$ flori/s' fl[]s4 ,?is "n indicates plants gr[n pr9cipally = ! purpose ( exhibit+ at "s %[ to ga9 a prize1 & on ! culture ( :i* an extraord9>y degree ( c>e has be5 be/[$4 ,mo/ ( ^! are ei!r bulbs or tub]s1 b "s few come "u ! pres5t head2 & ( ^! ! mo/ rem>kable are ! auricula1 ! polyan?us1 ! c>nation1 ! p9k1 ! he>tsease1 & ! *rysan!mum4 ,auriculas are well-kn[n & fav\rite fl[]s2 ! wild plant is a native ( ,switz]l&1 b x is almo/ z diff]5t f ! cultivat$ k9ds1 z ! wild cabbage is f brocoli or caulifl[]4 ,! g>d5 auriculas h almo/ innum]able names1 b !y are all divid$ into f\r k9ds1 v di/9ct f ea* o!r4 ,^! k9ds are ! gre5-edg$1 ! grey-edg$1 ! :ite-edg$1 & ! selfs4 ,! beauty ( ! fl[]s dep5ds ^u _! size1 ! cle>ness ( _! col\rs1 & _! r\ndness & flatness2 ^! la/ qualities be+ (t5 assi/$ by art3 ! an!rs ( ! /am5s %\ld also rise above ! pi/il2 z :5 ! pi/il is se5 above ! an!rs1 ! fl[] is call$ p9-ey$1 & is e/eem$ ( little value by flori/s4 ,! culture ( ! auricula1 :5 x is to be gr[n z a prize-fl[]1 dem&s a degree ( c>e & att5tion t no "o b a pr(ess$ flori/ w\ld ?9k x wor? 8 :ile to be/[4 ,! great po9ts appe> to be to make ! soil z ri* z possible1 only1 h[ev]1 us+ ! cold manures1 su* z c[-dung1 c42 to let ! pots be v well dra9$1 by plac+ ab\t an in* & a half deep ( brok5 pot-%r$s 9 ea* pot2 & to keep ! plants well & regul>ly wat]$4 ,:5 ! fl[]s exp&1 !y are g5]ally %ad$ ) squ>e pieces ( bo>d1 t91 or pa/e-bo>d1 support$ by a /ick j ov] ! fl[]1 s z to %elt] x f ! direct influ5ce ( ! sun1 b to admit a free curr5t ( air1 & suffici5t light4 ,?is precaution is said to improve ! cle>ness & int5sity ( ! col\rs1 :i* o!rwise are apt to become dull & cl\d$4 ,^? p]sons :o gr[ auriculas = sale1 g5]ally %[ !m on :at is call$ a bloom+-/age1 & %ade !m ) an awn+ l t us$ = a tulip-b$4 ,! plants are propagat$ by (fsets1 or divid+ ! root2 & new v>ieties are cont9ually be+ rais$ f se$4 ,auriculas are occasionally d\ble or semi-d\ble1 b ^! v>ieties are consid]$ by flori/s v f> inf]ior to ! s+le k9ds4 ,! ,polyan?us is ( ! same g5us z ! auricula1 & ( ! same species z ! primrose4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a v di/9ct v>iety ( ! la/2 & x is said to take its "n ( polyan?us1 :i* signifies _m-fl[]$1 f its produc+ its fl[]s 9 trusses l ! auricula1 :ile ! fl[]s ( ! primrose are produc$ s+ly1 ea* on a sep>ate /alk ris+ f ! root4 ,! qualities ( ! polyan?us resemble ^? ( ! auricula z to =m & %ape1 b !re is n ! same v>iety z to col\r1 z ! polyan?us is always ( a v d>k br[ni% r$ & gold5 yell[4 ,! be/ fl[]s h g5]ally a n>r[ edg+ ( a bright gold5 col\r1 & z cle> & di/9ct z possible1 r\nd ! m>g9 ( ea* petal2 & no fl[] is at all e/eem$ t has :at is call$ a p9-eye2 t is1 z be=e m5tion$ ) reg>d to ! auricula1 :5 ! pi/il projects beyond ! an!rs ( ! /am5s4 ,! polyan?us is propagat$ by slips1 & division ( ! root1 & new v>ieties are rais$ f se$4 ,! ,primrose diff]s ess5tially f ! polyan?us & ! auricula1 9 be+ only e/eem$ :5 d\ble1 :ile !y are n consid]$ to rank z flori/s' fl[]s unless !y are s+le4 ,! primrose1 inde$1 is n a flori/'s fl[]2 & its pretty d\ble pale yell[1 d>k sc>let1 lilac1 & :ite v>ieties are only gr[n z common bord] fl[]s4 ,!y l a ri* loamy soil1 r moi/ ?an o!rwise1 & a %ady situation2 & !y are propagat$ by division ( ! roots4 ,! ,c>nation has long be5 a fav\rite flori/s' fl[]2 &1 z x is n q s difficult to gr[ to a consid]able degree ( p]fection z ! auricula1 x is also a fav\rite bord] fl[]4 ,! flori/s' c>nations are ( ?ree k9ds1 viz4--! flakes1 :i* are /rip$ ) broad b&s ( two col\rs2 ! biz>res1 :i* are /rip$ or /reak$ ) ?ree col\rs2 & ! picottees1 :i* are mu* ! h>die/1 & are only bord]$ ) a n>r[ m>g9 ( "s d>k col\r1 or dott$ ) v small & almo/ imp]ceptible spots4 ,! c>nation1 9 its wild /ate1 is a native ( ,engl&1 & is g5]ally f\nd on ! walls ( "s old ca/le1 or o!r ru91 or gr[+ 9 v poor1 gravelly1 or calc>e\s soil4 ,! cultivat$ plant1 ( c\rse1 requires diff]5t treatm5t2 & ! foll[+ directions h be5 k9dly giv5 to u by "o ( ! fir/ gr[]s ( c>nations 9 ,france1 ,m4 ,triquet de ,blanc1 ,rue de la ,madela9e1 ,p>is3--8,! compo/ %\ld be a fre% mell[ loam1 mix$ ) an equal quantity ( :at ! ,fr5* call t]re de taup9ire1 & we1 ca/s f mole-hills2 to ?is mixture %\ld be add$ a fif? ( well-rott5 c[-dung1 s ?or\ghly decay$ z to h become q black4 ,! soil ?us prep>$ %\ld be press$ firmly into ! pots1 m s1 inde$1 ?an = any o!r plant3 ?us !re %\ld be twice z mu* e>? z usual 9 pots = c>nations4 ,! pots are plac$ 9 ! sun till ! #ae? or #bj? ( ,novemb]1 & wat]$ a little at a "t1 b (t54 ,aft] ! #bj? ( ,novemb]1 at late/1 ! plants %\ld be kept entirely 9 ! %ade1 s t !y may n be expos$ to ! sun at any "t dur+ ! day2 & x is also absolutely necess>y t !y %\ld be kept "u a ro( :]e !y may be %elt]$ f ! ra9 & sn[2 b !y mu/ n be put 9 a hot-h\se1 z a cold situation suits !m mu* bett]4 ,dur+ fro/y wea!r1 !y %\ld be v little wat]$1 9 ord] t ! soil 9 :i* !y gr[ may n freeze v h>d4 ,!y are ?us left 9 ! %ade till ! end ( ,april1 :51 !re be+ no long] :ite ho> fro/s to fe>1 !y may be expos$ to ! ea/1 s t ! sun may %9e ^u !m f its ris+ to ! middle ( ! day1 b no long]4 ,?us treat$1 !y w gr[ luxuriantly1 & produce a magnific5t %[ ( fl[]s40 ,! be/ places = c>nations 9 ,london1 are1 ,groom's1 ,walwor?2 & ,hogg's1 ,padd+ton ,gre54 ,c>nations are propagat$ by lay]s & cutt+s :i*1 z we h be=e m5tion$1 are call$ pip+s4 ,! lay]s are made :5 ! fl[]s are 9 full blossom1 & sev]al are made at once1 z ! op]ation frequ5tly kills ! old plant1 & consequ5tly _c be practis$ ) advantage unless a great _m plants are ready to take its place4 ,! lay]s are cut half ?r\gh z usual2 & cov]$ half an in* deep ) m\ld4 ,z ! /alks are v brittle1 :5 !y are wet & succul5t1 x is cu/om>y to place ! plant 9 ! sun = ab\t half an h\r1 or an h\r1 to r5d] x flaccid be=e ! lay]s are made4 ,! lay]s w g5]ally be well root$ 9 a mon? or six weeks1 & w !n be ready to be sep>at$ f ! p>5t plant4 ,! mode ( treat+ pip+s has be5 already describ$4 ,:5 ! buds beg9 to =m !y are frequ5tly ti$ r\nd ) a /r& ( ba/ mat1 to prev5t !m f bur/+2 & j z !y are op5+1 a bit ( pa/e-bo>d curi\sly cut is slipp$ "u ! fl[] to keep ! petals 9 _! prop] place4 ,ea* fl[] is also furni%$ ) a pap] or t9 cap to %ade x f ! sun1 & a /ake to tie x to1 9 ord] to keep ! /alk erect4 ,clove-c>nations be> ! same relation to flori/s' c>nations1 z unbrok5 tulips1 or self-col\r$ auriculas d to ! f9] fl[]s4 ,! tree-c>nation is a half-%rubby v>iety ( ! same species1 & ! mule p9k is a hybrid betwe5 ! c>nation 7,dian?us c>yophyllus7 & ! sweet-william 7,dian?us b>batus47 ,all ^! may be treat$ z common p]5nial bord] fl[]s4 ,! ,p9k4--,x is rem>kable t ?\gh ! p9k is a common] & h>di] fl[] ?an ! c>nation1 x is n kn[n 9 a wild /ate1 & x does n appe> to h be5 mu* cultivat$ till ! latt] half ( ! la/ c5tury1 ?\gh x is said to h be5 introduc$ 9 #afbi4 ,its orig9 is inde$ v unc]ta92 "s botani/s consid]+ x z a v>iety ( ! c>nation1 & o!rs mak+ x a di/9ct species1 "u ! "n ( ,dian?us plum>ius4 ,!re are n[ _m nam$ sorts1 & ! be/ lac$ p9ks rank z flori/s' fl[]s2 _! culture be+ ! same z t ( ! c>nation4 ,! o!r k9ds are consid]$ inf]ior1 & are gr[n l common h]bace\s plants 9 ! op5 bord]s4 ,! ,he>tsease has only )9 ! la/ few ye>s rank$ z a flori/'s fl[]4 ,x _h long be5 a fav\rite 9 g>d5s z its innum]able popul> names may te/ify2 b x 0 res]v$ = a "y lady1 aid$ by an indu/ri\s & intellig5t g>d5]1 to %[ ! _w ! extraord9>y v>iations ( :i* ! fl[] is susceptible4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahaj or #ahab1 ! pres5t lady ,monck1 !n ,lady ,m>y ,b5net1 _h a small fl[]-g>d5 entirely plant$ ) he>tseases 9 ! g>d5 ( h] fa!r1 ! late ,e>l ( ,tank]ville1 at ,walton-^u-,?ames4 ,! "y lady naturally wi%$ to get z _m diff]5t sorts into h] g>d5 z possible2 & at h] desire1 ! g>d5]1 ,mr4 ,ri*>dson1 rais$ z _m new k9ds z he c\ld f se$4 ,f ?is small beg9n+ ! pres5t passion = he>tseases took its rise4 ,mr4 ,ri*>dson1 a/oni%$ at ! great v>iety & beauty ( 8 se$l+s1 %[$ !m to ,mr4 ,lee1 ( ! ,hamm]smi? ,nurs]y4 ,mr4 ,lee in/antly saw ! advantages to be d]iv$ f ! culture ( ! plant2 o!r nurs]ym5 foll[$ 8 example1 & 9 a few ye>s ! he>tsease took its place z a flori/s' fl[]4 ,! he>tsease mania 0 at its height f #ahce to #ahch2 b dur+ ! la/ ye>1 x has appe>$ some:at on ! decl9e4 ,! mo/ spl5did fl[]s gr[n = exhibition are g5]ally hybrids1 :i* possess1 9 a great degree1 ! qualities ( bo? p>5ts4 ,?us1 ?\gh almo/ e he>tsease has sprung p>tly f ! wild k9d1 7,viola tricolor17 its o!r p>5t may be trac$ by its g5]al appe>ance4 ,! v l>ge d>k purple & yell[ fl[]s are desc5d$ f ,viola gr&iflora1 a species ) l>ge yell[i% fl[]s2 o!r l>ge fl[]s1 ) d>k purple upp] petals1 & ! l[] ones ( a blui% t+e1 are desc5d$ f ,v4 amna2 & ! (fspr+ ( ,v4 lutea are ne>ly all yell[1 /rongly m>k$ ) v d>k bran*$ l9es4 ,! hybrids rais$ p>tly f ,v4 altaica are ( a v pale yell[1 & ! petals h an undulat$ m>g92 ^? f ,v4 ,ro?omog5sis1 or ,v4 hispida1 are ( a pale blue2 & ^? f ,v4 bicolor are :ite1 slightly ve9$ ) purple1 & t+$ ) yell[ at ! base4 ,all ^! v>y exce$+ly by cont9ual cross+s1 b "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! p>5ts always rema94 ,! culture ( ! he>tsease requires mu* att5tion4 ,x is ! habit ( ! plant to rip5 a succession ( se$ dur+ ! :ole ( its fl[]+ season3 ?us x be>s fl[]s & ripe se$s at ! same "t dur+ ! :ole summ]4 ,! se$s %\ld be s[n 9 a b$ ( ri* g>d5 m\ld1 at lea/ eighte5 in*es deep1 & highly manur$1 & ! "y plants %\ld be suff]$ to rema9 till !y h fl[]$1 :5 all ! plants %\ld be tak5 up1 ! be/ replant$ eighte5 in*es ap>t if 9 a b$1 or 9 pots or boxes1 & ! inf]ior ones ?r[n away4 ,! be/ soil = replant+ ! he>tsease1 p>ticul>ly if !y are 9 pots or boxes1 is ri* loam1 mix$ ) "o-six? ( s& & "o-six? ( vegetable m\ld2 & 9 l>ge t[ns1 all ^! soils may be pur*as$ 9 small quantities f ! nurs]ym54 ,! pots & boxes %\ld also be well dra9$2 = x mu/ be rememb]$1 t ?\gh ! he>tsease is v liable to be scor*$ by ! excessive heat ( ! sun1 & w require con/ant wat]+ 9 hot wea!r2 x is also v liable to be damp$ (f by cold & wet 9 w9t]4 ,! be/ v>ieties are propagat$ by cutt+s1 tak5 (f 9 spr+1 :i* gr[ rapidly s z to fl[] ! same summ] or autumn4 ,^! cutt+s %\ld be tak5 f ! po9ts ( ! %oots1 cutt+ !m (f imm$iately bel[ a jo9t2 & !y %\ld be /ruck 9 pure :ite s&1 z :5 ! cutt+ is put into e>? x is v apt to damp (f4 ,! cutt+s :5 made %\ld n be wat]$1 b %\ld be cov]$ ) a bell glass1 & %ad$ = sev]al days1 on acc\nt ( ! succul5t nature ( ! /ems1 & great evaporation f ! leaves4 ,he>tseases are sometimes propagat$ by lay]s1 9 :i* case ! bran* %\ld be only pegg$ d[n at a jo9t1 & n slit1 on acc\nt ( its t5d5cy to damp (f4 ,*rysan!mums are pr9cipally w9t] fl[]s1 & !y are valuable = af=d+ a brilliant %[ at a season :5 !re are few o!r fl[]s to be se54 ,9 ,novemb] & ,decemb]1 :5 no o!r fl[]s are 9 blossom1 ^! fl[]s are 9 full beauty2 & ,mr4 ,l\don tells me t he has se5 ! walls ( two small /reet-g>d5s1 "o belong+ to ,mr4 ,+p5 at ,*elsea1 & ! o!r to ,mr4 ,all51 ,*apel ,/reet1 ,edgw>e-,road1 s completely cov]$ ) !m z to pres5t a mo/ brilliant & dazzl+ appe>ance4 ,*rysan!mums may !re=e be safely recomm5d$ z mo/ valuable fl[]s = bo? t[n & c\ntry2 & _! great numb] & beauty make !m p>ticul>ly int]e/+4 ,!re are1 inde$1 num]\s v>ieties ( e possible %ade ( yell[1 br[n1 orange1 buff1 p9k1 r$di%-purple1 lilac1 & :ite1 b n blue4 ,all ! diff]5t v>ieties ( *rysan!mums1 & !re are ne>ly a hundr$ nam$ sorts1 may be ref]r$ to six di/9ct tribes2 & ^! are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,ranunculus-fl[]$2 #b4 ,incurv$2 #c4 ,*9a-a/]1 or ,daisy-fl[]$2 #d4 ,m>igold-fl[]$2 #e4 ,tassel-fl[]$1 or ,quill$2 & #f4 ,half-d\ble ,tassel-fl[]$4 ,! ranunculus-fl[]$ h g5]ally small fl[]s1 9 clu/]s1 l little roses2 b ! re/ h l>ge1 h&some fl[]s1 p>ticul>ly ! tassell$ k9ds1 ! quill$ petals ( :i* are v long1 & hang d[n l tassels4 ,! culture ( ! *rysan!mum diff]s accord+ to ! use :i* x is propos$ to make ( x4 ,:5 x is to be fl[]$ 9 pots1 cutt+s are tak5 f ! tops ( ! %oots 9 ,april2 & z soon z !y h tak5 root !y are transplant$ into v small pots1 :]e !y are plant$ 9 a compo/ =m$ ( equal p>ts ( s&1 loam1 & peat4 ,z soon z !y beg9 to gr[1 & s5d out pl5ty ( roots1 !y are remov$ into o!r1 r l>g]1 pots2 & ?is %ift+ is repeat$ eight or n9e1 & sometimes t5 or twelve times4 ,?is con/ant %ift+ w keep ! plants bu%y1 )\t ! cultivator be+ "u ! necessity ( p9*+ (f ! ends ( ! %oots2 a practice :i*1 ?\gh x answ]s ! desir$ end ( keep+ ! plants ( a compact habit ( gr[?1 has yet ! inconv5i5ce ( mak+ !m ?r[ out s _m %oots & leaves z to weak5 ! fl[]s4 ,:5 ! *rysan!mums are to be plant$ 9 ! op5 bord] aga9/ a wall1 _! roots %\ld be p>t$ 9 autumn or e>ly spr+1 & plant$ 9 v ri* & highly manur$1 b light soil1 at ! foot ( a s\? or we/ wall1 aga9/ :i* !y %\ld be tra9$ l a pea*-tree1 & all ! sup]flu\s %oots cut (f4 ,:5 plant$1 !y %\ld be c>efully wat]$1 n only at _! roots1 b all ov] _! leaves1 ) a f9e-ros$ wat]+-pot1 or g>d5-eng9e4 ,!y %\ld aft]w>ds be wat]$ ?ree times a-day1 & occasionally ) soap-suds1 or manur$ wat]1 t is1 wat] 9 :i* manure has be5 /eep$4 ,?us treat$1 ! plants w gr[ six or eight feet high1 & _! fl[]s w n only be produc$ 9 great abundance1 b !y w be ( enorm\s size1 & v brilliant 9 _! col\rs4 ,! be/ *rysan!mums 9 ,london are at ,*&l]'s nurs]y1 ,vauxhall4 ,bulbs & ,tub]s4--,! mo/ int]e/+ bulbs 9 a fl[]-g>d5 are ! tulip1 ! hyac9?1 & ! crocus2 & ! mo/ int]e/+ tub]s are ! ranunculus1 ! anemone1 & ! dahlia4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m o!r fl[]s ( bo? k9ds highly des]v+ ( cultivation4 ,! culture ( all ! bulbs is ne>ly ! same2 b t ( ! tub]\s-root$ fl[]s diff]s 9 diff]5t plants4 ,bulbs are g5]ally plant$ 9 autumn to fl[] 9 spr+2 & are tak5 up :5 _! leaves beg9 to )]1 to be kept out ( ! gr\nd a mon? or two 9 complete repose be=e !y are replant$4 ,!y are g5]ally propagat$ by (fsets1 :i* are produc$ by ! side ( ! old bulb2 or r1 by ! side ( ! new bulb1 :i* is =m$ e ye> to supply ! place ( ! old "o1 :i* wa/es away4 ,! new bulb sometimes =ms beside ! old "o2 & sometimes bel[ x or above x2 & ?is is "o ( ! pr9cipal reasons :y bulbs %\ld be tak5 up & replant$ e ye>2 z1 :5 ?is is n att5d$ to1 ^? bulbs t =m e ye> bel[ ! old bulb1 s9k s l[ 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s1 t !y become too f> remov$ f ! air to vegetate2 :ile ^? t =m above ! old bulb are pu%$ s high out ( ! gr\nd t !y are (t5 kill$ by fro/ or dr\ght4 ,9 ?is way1 valuable plants (t5 disappe> f g>d5s1 )\t _! own]s hav+ ! slighte/ suspicion ( ! cause4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 r>ely wor? :ile to take up ! common g>d5 bulbs3 su* z ! sn[-drop1 ! cr[n-imp]ial1 c41 e ye>2 p>ticul>ly z !y g5]ally =m _! new bulbs at ! side ( ! old bulb3 b ev5 ^! k9ds %\ld be tak5 up e two or ?ree ye>s4 ,:5 rais$ f se$1 bulbs are g5]ally f ?ree to five ye>s be=e !y produce fl[]s2 & !y are nev] propagat$ by lay]s or cutt+s4 ,tulips4--,exp]i5c$ flori/s raise tulips f se$ to obta9 new v>ieties2 b z ! "y bulbs are frequ5tly f five to sev5 ye>s be=e !y fl[]1 ?is mode ( propagat+ tulips does n suit amateurs4 ,ev5 :5 se$l+ tulips d fl[]1 !y produce only self-col\r$ fl[]s1 = ! fir/ two or ?ree ye>s1 & 9 ?is /ate !y are call$ bre$]s4 ,to make !m break1 t is1 produce ! brilliant & di/9ct col\rs :i* con/itute ! beauty ( a flori/'s tulip1 !y are subject$ to ! mo/ sudd5 & viol5t *anges ( soil1 climate1 & managem5t4 ,at "o "t1 !y are gr[n 9 poor soil1 & only all[$ en\gh wat] to keep !m liv+2 & !n !y are sudd5ly transport$ to ! ri*e/ soil1 ab\nd+ ) food & moi/ure4 ,sometimes1 to *ange ! climate effectually1 flori/s s5d _! tulips to be gr[n = a ye> or two tw5ty miles or m f ! place :]e !y 7 rais$2 & !n !y are br\ght back to _! native air4 ,?is labori\s & unsci5tific mode ( proce$+ is1 h[ev]1 n[ rapidly giv+ place to a prop] me?od ( hybridiz+2 aft] :i* ! "y bulbs are br\ght =w>d by means ( bottom-heat1 wat]1 & frequ5t %ift+s1 s z to fl[] & break ! second or ?ird season4 ,flori/s' tulips are g5]ally divid$ into f\r tribes1 viz4--#a4 ,biz>res1 :i* h yell[ gr\nds %ad$ ) d>k r$ or purple1 & :i* are sub-divid$ into flam$1 9 :i* ! r$ or purple is 9 a broad /ripe or b&1 ris+ f ! bottom ( ! petal1--& fea!r$1 9 :i* ! d>k col\r =ms a m>g9al edg+ to ! petals1 desc5d+ into !m 9 v>i\s little delicate fea!ry ve9s4 #b4 ,byblm5s1 hav+ :ite gr\nds %ad$ ) violet or d>k purple1 & also sub-divid$ into flam$ & fea!r$4 #c4 ,roses1 hav+ :ite gr\nds %ad$ ) rose-col\r or *]ry-r$1 & divid$ into flam$ & fea!r$2 &1 #d4 ,selfs1 be+ ei!r a pure :ite or yell[4 ,9 addition to ^!1 ! ,fr5* h ,baguettes1 v tall-/emm$ tulips1 ! fl[]s ( :i* are :ite1 /rip$ ) d>k br[ni% r$2 ,baguettes ,rigauts1 :i* resemble ! =m]1 b h %ort] /ems & long] fl[]s2 & ,flam&s1 :i* are ! same z ,byblm5s4 ,! ,dut* h also a k9d !y call ,incomp>able ,v]port1 a v f9ely-%ap$ fl[]1 :ite1 & fea!r$ ) bright %9+ br[n4 ,all ^! k9ds are said to be v>ieties ( "o species1 ,tulipa ,gesn]iana1 a native ( ,italy2 & !y all ought to h r\nd1 cup-%ap$ fl[]s1 clean at ! base1 & ) all ! m>ks & diff]5t col\rs q cle> & di/9ct4 ,besides ^! flori/s' tulips1 sev]al o!r species are occasionally gr[n 9 g>d5s3 ! mo/ common ( :i* are ! little ,van ,?ol tulips1 :i* 7 nam$ aft] ! ,duke ,van ,?ol1 & :i* are sc>let1 edg$ ) yell[2 ! wild ,fr5* tulip1 :i* is a pure yell[1 & v fragrant2 & ! ,p>rot tulip1 :i* appe>s to be a v>iety ( ! la/1 & ! petals ( :i* are yell[1 irregul>ly /rip$ or spott$ ) gre51 sc>let1 & blue1 & fr+$ at ! m>g94 ,! culture ( ! tulip1 z a flori/'s fl[]1 requires unremitt+ att5tion & c>e2 b = common g>d5 purposes1 ! tulip w be f\nd h>di]1 & less liable to injury f insects1 c41 ?an mo/ o!r fl[]s4 ,:]e tulips are gr[n 9 a regul> b$1 ! gr\nd %\ld be dug out to ! dep? ( tw5ty in*es1 or two feet4 ,a /ratum ( fre% e>? is laid at ! bottom ( ! pit ?us =m$1 on t a /ratum ( rott5 c[-dung1 & on ?is a /ratum ( loam mix$ ) s&4 ,! b$ %\ld be ?ree or f\r feet wide1 & its surface %\ld be slightly rais$ 9 ! middle4 ,a fre% b$ %\ld be made e ye>1 or r ! same b$ %\ld be fill$ ) fre% soil e season2 z ! exudations f ! tulips w soon poison ! gr\nd = plants ( ! same k9d1 ?\gh x w be v suitable = ! gr[? ( o!r bulbs1 & tub]s4 ,! prop] di/ance at :i* ! tulips %\ld be plant$ 9 ! b$ is sev5 in*es ap>t1 e way2 & _! col\rs & k9ds may be arrang$ accord+ to ! fancy ( ! plant]4 ,x is cu/om>y1 :]e ! tulips diff] a good deal 9 height1 to place ! talle/ 9 ! middle1 & ! l[] ones on ! sides2 & :5 ?is is ! case1 ! c5tre ( ! surface ( ! b$ ne$ n be rais$4 ,! b$ is protect$ by hoops & mats1 :i* are contriv$ to op5 to admit light1 air1 & ra9 at pleasure4 ,:5 ! plants are ne> fl[]+1 a pa? is made r\nd ! b$2 & ov] ! :ole is /ret*$ a canvass cov]+1 support$ on a wood5 frame1 & s contriv$ z to op5 at ! sides or ! top1 z may be requir$4 ,! bulbs are plant$ ab\t two or ?ree in*es deep1 & are nev] wat]$1 except occasionally by admitt+ a g5tle ra91 till !y are 9 fl[]4 ,:5 !y h done fl[]+1 ! leaves are suff]$ to rema9 till !y beg9 to turn br[n1 :5 ! bulbs are tak5 up1 & laid ) ! l[] "p upw>ds on %elves to dry4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! dry leaves & ! fibr\s roots are pull$ or rubb$ (f2 & ! bulbs are put into draw]s or boxes1 divid$ into comp>tm5ts s z to keep ! nam$ sorts ap>t1 till ! season arrives = replant+1 :i* is ! la/ week ( ,octob] or ! fir/ ( ,novemb]4 ,mr4 ,groom1 ( ,walwor?1 is ! pr9cipal tulip-gr[] 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london1 & he has an exhibition ( !m ( extraord9>y brilliancy & beauty e ,may4 ,hyac9?s are p]haps ! mo/ beautiful ( all fl[]s1 & :5 gr[n 9 a b$ l tulips1 !y are almo/ equally brilliant 9 effect4 ,mr4 ,cor/51 a ,dut* flori/1 resid+ at a place he has call$ ,hyac9? ,villa1 at ,%eph]d's ,bu%1 has an exhibition ( ?is k9d e ,april1 & ,i h seldom se5 any ?+ m /rik+4 ,"u a t5t ne>ly two hundr$ feet long1 & ?irty feet wide1 are two b$s ea* ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty feet long1 divid$ by a walk cov]$ ) matt+ 9 ! c5tre1 & surr\nd$ by a simil> walk1 ) seats at ea* end ( ! t5t4 ,9 ^! b$s are above ?ree ?\s& hyac9?s1 ! col\rs arrang$ s z to =m diagonal l9es1 & ! :ole pres5t+ a p]fect blaze ( beauty4 ,hyac9?s are z num]\s 9 _! nam$ v>ieties z tulips1 b !y are n divid$ into any di/9ct tribes1 except z reg>ds _! col\rs4 ,! pr9cipal di/9ctions are ! :ite1 ! p9k1 & ! blue2 b ^! admit ( v>i\s modifications1 & !re are "s ( a pale yell[1 or r lemon col\r1 & "s ( s d>k a purple z to be almo/ black4 ,! culture ( ! hyac9? some:at resembles t ( ! tulip2 b x is m difficult1 f ! great l5g? to :i* ! roots ( ! hyac9? desc5d p]p5dicul>ly1 & ! necessity :i* consequ5tly exi/s = prep>+ ! gr\nd = !m to a v great dep?4 ,!re is also ano!r peculi>ity 9 hyac9? culture :i* is r difficult ( atta9m5t2 namely1 t ! roots require a great deal ( moi/ure1 ?\gh ! bulbs %\ld be kept q dry4 ,! roots also require ! soil to be v ri*1 b t ! manure us$ %\ld be ( ! k9d call$ cold4 ,x w easily be se5 f ?is enum]ation ( ! ess5tials = hyac9? culture1 :y ,holl& is s pre-em95tly ! c\ntry = hyac9?s4 ,! dry s&y soil1 rais$ on ! num]\s dykes & embankm5ts1 by means ( :i* ,holl& has be5 rescu$ f ! sea1 af=ds at once a prop] b$ = ! bulbs1 & a soil easily p5etrable by ! roots2 :ile ! con/ant evaporation ris+ f ! wat] :i* is e :]e f\nd bel[ ! dykes1 is j :at is requir$ = ! roots4 ,ev5 ! manure mo/ easily obta9$ 9 ,holl& is precisely t be/ adapt$ = hyac9?s1 z x is c[-dung unmix$ ) /raw2 & :i* ?us conta9s no?+ to induce f]m5tation & consequ5t heat4 ,x is impossible 9 ,engl& to obta9 ! advantages s easily atta9able by ! ,dut*1 )\t incurr+ a v consid]able exp5ce4 ,our soil is g5]ally s adhesive t x requires to be pulv]iz$ to a v great dep? to admit ( ! desc5t ( ! roots2 & ev5 :5 ! soil is s&y x is v diff]5t f ! beautiful silv]y sea-s&1 call$ ,dn5s&e by ! ,dut*4 ,! only way 9 :i* we c imitate ?is s& is by mix+ ne>ly 9 equal p>ts :at we call silv]-s& & peat1 or by gr[+ ! plants 9 silv]-s&1 ) a v slight admixture ( f9e vegetable m\ld4 ,:atev] ! soil may be1 x c h>dly be too light1 z ! ,dut* say t ! hyac9? w nev] ?rive unless 9 s& s f9e z to be bl[n away 9 sep>ate p>ticles by a high w9d4 ,:5 hyac9?s are to be gr[n to ! greate/ p]fection 9 ,engl&1 a b$1 or r pit1 %\ld be dug ?ree feet or f\r feet wide1 & six feet deep1 ! l5g? dep5d+ on ! situation1 & on ! quantity ( fl[]s to be gr[n4 ,a lay] ( /ale c[-dung1 )\t any mixture ( /raw or litt]1 %\ld be laid at ! bottom ( ?is pit at lea/ a foot deep1 & ! pit %\ld !n be fill$ up to )9 ?ree in*es ( ! top1 ) equal p>ts ( peat & silv]-s&1 or ) a mixture ( ?ree p>ts ( silv]-s& to "o ( light vegetable m\ld p]fectly f9e & )\t any /ones4 ,ab\t ?ree in*es f ! top %\ld be spread a lay] ( pure s& 9 :i* ! bulbs are plac$ at regul> di/ances1 & ea* ) ! po9t$ end1 :i* ! ,dut* call ! nose1 upw>ds2 & ! b$ is !n fill$ up ) ! same mixture z ! l[] "p1 & a lay] ab\t ?ree in*es deep ( pure peat is laid ov] ! :ole1 to =m a relief to ! fl[]s4 ,dry wea!r %\ld always be *os5 = ! plant+2 & :5 plant$1 ! bulbs %\ld be entirely cov]$ ) ! s&1 & %\ld be ab\t six in*es bel[ ! surface ( ! b$1 :i* %\ld be rais$ at lea/ ?ree in*es high] ?an ! surr\nd+ g>d51 to all[ = its s9k+4 ,! lay] ( pure peat on ! surface is only to af=d a d>k backgr\nd to ! fl[]s :5 !y exp&1 & may be omitt$ if ?\ght unnecess>y = ?is purpose4 ,! bulbs are plant$ ! la/ week 9 ,octob]1 or ! fir/ or second week 9 ,novemb]1 & !y are plac$ ab\t f\r in*es ap>t e way4 ,aft] !y are plant$1 a mixture ( c[-dung & wat] is g5]ally ?r[n ) a scoop ov] ! b$1 s z to =m a ?9 coat+ ov] ! soil1 b n to p5etrate into x4 ,:5 ! wea!r becomes fro/y1 a cov]+ ( dry litt]1 re$s1 or tan is put ov] ! b$s2 or hoops may be fix$ ov] !m on :i* ba/ mats are /ret*$4 ,9 ,m>* ! cov]+ is remov$ & ! b$s are cle>$ ( we$s1 & cov]$ ) a fre% coat+ ( c[-dung & wat]4 ,9 ,april1 an awn+ ( ?9 canvass1 is erect$ ov] ea* b$1 "u :i* ! plants are to fl[]2 & by ! middle ( ?is mon? !y w be 9 all _! beauty4 ,z soon z ! fl[]s beg9 to fade ! fl[]-/alks %\ld be cut (f & in/antly remov$4 ,!y %\ld nev] be suff]$ to lie on ! b$1 & %\ld n ev5 be put :]e by any *ance !y c mix ) ! e>? int5d$ = a hyac9? b$ 9 ano!r ye>1 z ! exudations proce$+ f !m 9 _! decay w\ld cause ! bulbs to rot4 ,?is is n only because ! exudations f ! hyac9?s are ( c\rse poison\s to o!r bulbs ( ! same g5us2 b because ! fl[]-/alks appe> to conta9 a k9d ( corrosive juice1 z ! lab\r]s employ$ 9 ,holl& to cut !m (f ! bulbs1 frequ5tly f9d _! h&s & bodies become r$ & inflam$1 & sometimes s pa9ful z to prev5t !m f sleep+4 ,:5 ! leaves turn br[n at ! po9ts1 :i* is g5]ally ab\t ! middle ( ,june1 ! bulbs %\ld be tak5 up4 ,:5 ?is is to be done ! leaves are fir/ pull$ (f1 or if !y w n come (f readily by pull+1 !y are cut (f close to ! bulb4 ,! bulbs are !n tak5 out ( ! gr\nd1 & laid on ! footpa? 9 r[s1 s z to keep ! diff]5t k9ds di/9ct4 ,! b$ is aft]w>ds rak$ smoo? all ov]1 & a /rip ab\t a foot & a half broad is made flat & firm1 9 ! middle ( ! b$1 by be+ press$ ) a plank1 or beat5 ) ! back ( ! spade1 & on ?is ! hyac9?-roots are laid1 /ill 9 di/9ct r[s3 e>? is !n drawn ov] !m two or ?ree in*es ?ick1 & !y are left = two or ?ree weeks4 ,?is ! ,dut* call ly+ 9 ! ,kuil1 & ! "t ( rema9+ 9 x v>ies accord+ to ! size ( ! bulb & ! wea!r1 ! l>ge/ bulbs be+ remov$ soone/4 ,:5 tak5 f ! ,kuil1 ! bulbs are plac$ on %elves or wood5 trays to dry1 ) ! root end ( ! bulb incl9+ t[>ds ! s\?4 ,:]e x is n ?\ght advisable to s9k ! b$ s deep z six feet1 x may be made f\r feet deep1 & ! lay] ( c[-dung at ! bottom mix$ ) soil a foot deep1 leav+ only ab\t ?ree feet to be fill$ ) a mixture ( peat & riv] s&1 ) ab\t ! proportion ( a ?ird to ! :ole ( vegetable m\ld4 ,! o!r treatm5t is ! same z t detail$ above4 ,9 all cases ! soil %\ld be v light & f9e1 & only c[-dung %\ld be us$ z a manure4 ,! roots %\ld also always be wat]$ v sp>+ly1 & ) a mixture ( c[ dung & wat]1 ?\gh n s ?ick z t us$ = coat+ ! b$4 ,:5 ! bulbs are plant$1 & aga9 :5 !y are tak5 up1 !y %\ld be c>efully exam9$1 & all t are at all speck$ or m\ldy1 %\ld be laid on "o side1 z !y w\ld infect ! o!rs4 ,:5 ! infect$ "p is l>ge1 ! bulb %\ld be ?r[n away1 or burnt ) ! /alks2 b :]e ! speck is small x %\ld be cut out ) a %>p knife1 & ! bulb plant$1 9 n m ?an f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs aft] ! piece has be5 cut out4 ,hyac9?s are propagat$ by (fsets1 by divid+ ! bulb1 & by se$1 9 :i* la/ case !y are five ye>s be=e !y fl[]4 ,:5 plant$ 9 pots or boxes1 ! pot or box %\ld be half fill$ ) brok5 pot%]ds1 or "s o!r mat]ial to ensure p]fect dra9age1 & ! bulbs %\ld be plant$ 9 a compo/ ( peat1 s&1 & v rott5 c[-dung4 ,! bulbs %\ld only be ab\t half cov]$ ) soil2 & if 9 boxes !y %\ld be kept1 if practicable1 9 a gre5h\se1 till !y are ready to fl[]4 ,if 9 pots1 !y %\ld be plung$ into a hotb$1 or into a tan-/ove2 or :]e ?is _c be done !y %\ld be buri$ 9 ! g>d51 s t ! po9t ( ! bulb %\ld be at lea/ f\r in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,"h !y %\ld rema9 till ab\t six weeks be=e fl[]+1 :5 ! pots %\ld be tak5 out1 & plac$ :]e !y are to fl[]2 ! sides ( ! pots be+ kept w>m ) moss1 & ! fl[]s br\ght =w>d by daily wat]+s4 ,all hyac9?s gr[n 9 pots & boxes w require abundance ( wat] to make am5ds = ! unnatural situation 9 :i* _! roots are plac$4 ,aft] hyac9?s h fl[]$ 9 pots or boxes1 or 9 wat] glasses1 ! bulbs are g5]ally plant$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & be+ cov]$ ) ab\t an in* ( soil !y are left to take _! *ance4 ,?us treat$1 ! f9] k9ds g5]ally p]i%1 b ! h>di] ones w live & fl[] = _m ye>s1 if all[$ e autumn to reta9 _! leaves1 till _! new bulbs are matur$4 ,hyac9?s t h be5 fl[]$ 9 glasses1 or pots1 seldom h[ev] fl[] s well aft]w>ds1 at lea/ n = sev]al ye>s1 z !y sc>cely ev] q recov] ! %ock !y h su/a9$ f ! unnatural position ( _! roots2 :]eas ! ,dut* flori/s1 by all[+ ! roots ( _! hyac9?s pl5ty ( room to desc5d p]p5dicul>ly1 & tak+ up ! bulbs e autumn1 h be5 kn[n to keep bulbs ( _! f9e/ fl[]s twelve or ev5 tw5ty ye>s1 & to h !m produce spl5did fl[]s e ye>4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t ! exudations ( hyac9?s are v abundant1 & v injuri\s to o!r plants ( _! own g5us4 ,= ?is reason1 ! ,dut* nev] gr[ _! hyac9?s 9 ! same b$ two ye>s consecutively4 ,! usual rotation is1 fir/ ye>1 hyac9?s2 second1 tulips2 ?ird1 polyan?us-n>cissus2 f\r?1 crocuses2 & fif?1 hyac9?s aga94 ,! ,gu]nsey lily1 ! bulbs ( :i* are g5]ally ?r[n away 9 ,engl& z soon z !y h fl[]$1 w live _m ye>s if treat$ l ! hyac9?4 ,crocuses may be gr[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & !y d n require tak+ up e ye> l hyac9?s or tulips4 ,if !y are tak5 up & replant$ e ?ird or f\r? ye>1 x w be suffici5t4 ,!re are above a hundr$ nam$ v>ieties1 & !y w produce a v good effect if plant$ s z to =m figures ) _! v>i\s col\rs4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 h[ev]1 ! corms %\ld be tak5 up & replant$ e ye>2 to prev5t ! figure f becom+ confus$ by ! spread+ ( ! (fsets4 ,crocuses may be gr[n 9 glasses1 or 9 pots or boxes1 ) v little injury1 if plant$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd z soon z !y h done fl[]+1 & suff]$ to mature _! leaves4 ,9 all cases ! leaves ( ! crocus %\ld be suff]$ to rema9 till !y )]1 & n cut (f2 ?\gh _m g>d5]s1 f a mi/ak5 desire = neatness1 cut ! leaves (f z soon z ! fl[]s h fad$1 & ?us s]i\sly injure ! corms4 ,all ! k9ds ( gladiolus or corn flag1 ! ,irises1 ! ,ixias1 &1 9 %ort all ! ,cape bulbs1 are corms1 & require ! same treatm5t z ! crocus4 ,*>lwood's1 ,cov5t-g>d51 & ,c>t]'s1 ,holborn1 are ! be/ places 9 ,london = procur+ all k9ds ( bulbs & corms4 ,! ,ranunculus4--,m4 ,triquet de ,blanc1 :o _h ! k9dness to s5d me directions = ! culture ( ! c>nation1 has giv5 me ! foll[+ directions = ! culture ( ! ranunculus3--8,9 ,novemb] spread well-rott5 c[-dung1 or ?or\ghly-decay$ leaves1 f\r or five in*es ?ick ov] ! b$s :i* are to be devot$ to ! ranunculus1 & dig x into ! gr\nd ab\t f\r in*es deep1 digg+ ! b$ ov] sev]al times1 s z to mix x well ) ! soil4 ,! surface ( ! b$ is !n rak$ smoo?1 & l9es1 or r drills1 an in* & a half deep1 are trac$ on x s z to =m squ>es1 f\r in*es on ! side e way4 ,! gr\nd is !n left till ! beg9n+ ( ,febru>y1 :5 ! ranunculuses are plant$ f\r in*es ap>t1 j at ! po9t ( int]section ( ! l9es1 & !y are cov]$ ab\t an in* & a half deep 7r less ?an m7 ) ! compo/ describ$ above1 or ) f9e g>d5 m\ld4 ,! advantages ga9$ by digg+ ! e>? 9 ,novemb]1 ?\gh ! roots are n plant$ till ,febru>y1 are--t ! ranunculuses are ?us plant$ on a h>d bottom1 :i* suits !m p>ticul>ly2 & t ! g>d5] is n oblig$ to dig ! e>? to mix ! c[-dung ) x 9 ,febru>y1 :5 ! gr\nd is g5]ally sloppy1 & 9 a v unfit /ate = be+ work$40--,:5 ! plants are ab\t to fl[]1 an awn+ may be erect$ ov] ! b$ to protect !m f ! effects ( ! sun1 :i* is apt to de/roy ! brilliancy ( _! col\rs4 ,9 fro/y wea!r1 !y %\ld be protect$ by a mat1 day & night1 z ! sun w d !m a s]i\s injury1 if !y h be5 at all affect$ by ! fro/4 ,! plants may be wat]$ ) a weak solution ( c[-dung 9 wat]1 & !y %\ld be con/antly wat]$ 9 dry wea!r4 ,! tub]s %\ld be tak5 up z soon z ! leaves beg9 to turn br[n1 :i* w g5]ally be 9 ,july4 ,groom1 ( ,walwor?1 is consid]$ to keep ! be/ ranunculuses4 ,! ,anemones ( flori/s are ( two k9ds3 ^? desc5d$ f ! g>d5 or /> anemone 7,a4 hort5se71 & ^? desc5d$ f ! poppy anemone 7,a4 coron>ia74 ,! poppy anemones1 :i* are g5]ally s+le1 are plant$ 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]1 & "u %elt] are frequ5tly 9 fl[] all w9t]3 ! spl5did ,dut* anemones1 & all ! v>ieties ( ,a4 coron>ia1 on ! contr>y1 are n plant$ till ,febru>y or ,m>*2 ! latt] mon?1 or ev5 ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 be+ pref]r$ = ! ,dut* anemones1 :i* are apt to rot if plant$ too e>ly4 ,anemones %\ld be plant$ ?ree in*es deep1 & five in*es ap>t e way1 9 a fre%1 s\nd1 yell[ loam1 )\t any manure4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep ! fro/ f !m2 b !y w n ne$ any o!r att5tion till ! leaves turn br[n1 :5 ! tub]s %\ld be tak5 up1 & treat$ l ^? ( ! ranunculus & tulip4 ,old v>ieties are propagat$ by (fsets1 & new k9ds are rais$ f se$4 ,dahlias are ei!r rais$ f se$1 or propagat$ by slips or cutt+s1 or divid+ ! tub]s4 ,! se$ is s[n 9 pots 9 a slight hotb$ 9 ,febru>y1 & ! "y plants are transplant$ into ! op5 air 9 ,june1 :]e !y are suff]$ to rema9 till !y fl[]4 ,9 ,octob]1 ^? :i* are ?\ght wor? pres]v+ are m>k$1 & ! o!rs tak5 up & ?r[n away4 ,:5 ! /alks are kill$ by fro/1 ! tub]s are tak5 up1 & kept 9 "s dry place till ! season ( plant+ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! slips are tak5 f ! coll> ( ! root 9 spr+1 & ! cutt+s f ! tops ( ! "y %oots e>ly 9 summ]4 ,bo? are plant$ 9 v small pots1 9 light1 ri*1 s&y loam1 & plac$ 9 a hotb$ frame1 & %ad$4 ,9 a =tnight !y w h /ruck root2 b !y %\ld be %ift$ into l>g] pots1 & plac$ = a %ort "t 9 a gre5h\se1 be=e !y are turn$ out into ! op5 gr\nd4 ,dahlias h l>ge tub]\s roots1 b /ems w only spr+ f ! eyes or buds 9 ! cr[n ( ! root4 ,if ^! eyes %\ld h be5 de/roy$1 or be want+1 ! root is said to be bl9d2 & ?\gh x w live = sev]al ye>s 9 ! gr\nd1 x w n s5d up a s+le /em4 ,= ?is reason1 be=e divid+ ! root1 x %\ld be plant$ 9 a g5tle hotb$ to develope or />t ! buds or eyes2 & :5 x is divid$1 c>e %\ld be tak5 t ea* piece includes a portion ( ! cr[n1 :i* has an eye 9 x4 ,sometimes eyes are graft$ 9 ! h]bace\s mann] on bl9d tub]s4 ,! be/ soil = dahlias is a s&y loam1 n too ri*1 z1 9 ri* or moi/ soils1 ! plant w produce m /alks & leaves ?an fl[]s4 ,:]e ! soil ( ! g>d5 9 :i* dahlias are to be plant$ is ri*1 or heavy1 a quantity ( s& or gravel %\ld be mix$ ) x4 ,/rip$ or v>iegat$ fl[]s w soon lose _! m>k+s if gr[n 9 ri* soil4 ,! tub]s ( ! e>ly k9ds are plant$ 9 ,april1 to fl[] 9 ,june2 b ^? ( ! f9] k9ds are n plant$ till ,may & ,june4 ,:5 !y beg9 to gr[1 ! side-%oots are remov$ f "o foot to ?ree feet f ! gr\nd2 ! pr9cipal /em is !n ei!r ti$ to a /ake driv5 deeply & firmly into ! gr\nd1 or ! :ole plant is drawn ?r\gh a set ( dahlia r+s4 ,dw>f plants are frequ5tly suff]$ to trail on ! gr\nd1 & are pegg$ d[n1 s z to cov] ! :ole ( ! b$1 ) :i* treatm5t !y look extremely well4 ,9 dry wea!r1 ! plants %\ld be regul>ly wat]$1 b n too abundantly4 ,:5 ! leaves & /alks are kill$ by ! fro/1 !y %\ld be directly cut d[n2 b ! tub]s may be left 9 ! gr\nd a little long]1 z1 if tak5 up too soon1 !y w %rivel1 & (t5 become rott54 ,:5 tak5 up1 !y %\ld be kept 9 a dry place1 & cov]$ ) a mat to exclude ! fro/4 ,all ! dahlias n[ 9 our g>d5s1 num]\s z !y are1 h sprung f two k9ds1 bo? natives ( ,mexico1 viz4--,d4 p9nata1 or v>iabilis1 all ! v>ieties ( :i* are purple1 crimson1 rose-col\r$1 lilac1 or :ite2 & ,d4 cocc9ea1 ! v>ieties ( :i* are sc>let1 orange1 or yell[4 ,x is rem>kable1 t not)/&+ ! num]\s v>ieties t h be5 rais$ ( ^! two species1 !re h nev] be5 any hybrids rais$ betwe5 !m4 ,_m attempts h be5 made1 b all ! plants rais$ h p>tak5 exclusively ( ! qualities ( "o or ! o!r ( ! p>5ts1 & none h p>tak5 equally ( bo?1 z is ! case ) true hybrids4 ,!re are _m o!r k9ds m5tion$ 9 books1 ! mo/ rem>kable ( :i* is ! tree dahlia1 ,d4 excelsa1 a specim5 ( :i*1 9 ! ,liv]pool ,botanic ,g>d51 is n[ above tw5ty feet high4 ,all ! v>ieties gr[n 9 ,briti% g>d5s z flori/s' fl[]s1 may be divid$ into f\r k9ds1 viz4--,dw>fs1 ,anemone-fl[]$1 ,ranunculus-fl[]$1 & ,globe-fl[]$4 ,! dahlia 0 fir/ discov]$ 9 ,mexico by ,b>on ,humboldt1 9 #aghi1 & x 0 s5t by him to ,cavaniles1 at ,madrid1 :o nam$ x 9 hon\r ( ,pr(essor ,dahl1 a ,sw$i% botani/4 ,?is "n 0 aft]w>ds *ang$ to ,georg9a1 9 hon\r ( a ,g]man botani/ nam$ ,georgi1 :o resid$ _m ye>s 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 9 consequ5ce ( ! g5us ,dalea hav+ be5 previ\sly e/abli%$ by ,?unb]g4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ?is "n is nei!r spelt nor pron\nc$ ! same z ,dahlia2 & z ! "n ( ,dahlia 0 giv5 long be=e t ( ,georg9a1 ! plant is n[ re/or$ to its orig9al appellation4 ,! dahlia 0 introduc$ into ,engl& 9 #ahjd1 b x did n become a flori/s' fl[] till ab\t #ahae4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,lawn1 ,,pleasure-,,gr\nds1 ,,& ,,%rubb]y1 ,,( ,a ,,small ,,villa4 ,! ^w ,lawn may probably conjure up ideas ( too l>ge an ext5t ( gr\nd to be manag$ by a lady2 b :5 ,i use ! t]m1 ,i d n mean an ext5sive p>k-l surface ( level turf1 b "o ( ^? beautiful v]dant glades t produce s delightful an effect ev5 9 ! smalle/ g>d5s4 ,9 places :]e ! :ole ext5t ( g>d5-gr\nd does n p]haps exce$ an acre1 e "o mu/ h felt ! relief af=d$ to ! eye by a broad /rip ( lawn1 bord]$ by trees & %rubs1 n 9 a =mal l9e on ea* side1 b runn+ into num]\s projections & recesses1 & re/+ _! l[] bran*es1 frequ5tly cov]$ ) fl[]s1 on a ri* smoo? velvet-look+ c>pet ( grass4 ,e "o possess+ a lawn ( ?is description mu/ be aw>e t its *ief beauty consi/s 9 its smoo?ness1 & 9 ! firmness & clos5ess ( its grasses4 ,i say grasses1 because /range z x may s\nd to unbotanical e>s1 f tw5ty to ?irty diff]5t k9ds ( grasses sometimes ent] into ! composition ( a squ>e foot ( f9e turf4 ,"s ( ^! grasses are co>se & gr[ high1 & widely ap>t2 & o!rs are v f9e & sl5d]1 & gr[ closely toge!r4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x is obvi\s t :5 a f9e smoo? turf is requir$1 ! f9] k9ds ( grasses %\ld be *os51 & ! co>s] ones n only reject$ among ! grass-se$s s[n1 b1 if possible1 de/roy$ :5ev] !y appe>1 if !y %\ld *ance to come up accid5tally4 ,botani/s h di/+ui%$ & arrang$ ne>ly fifte5 hundr$ diff]5t species ( grasses2 & ( ^! probably m ?an ?ree hundr$ k9ds are n[ cultivat$ 9 ,engl&4 ,( ^!1 "s are1 ( c\rse1 bett] adapt$ to c]ta9 soils ?an o!rs2 & to asc]ta9 :i* grass 0 be/ suit$ to ea* soil1 ! late ,duke ( ,b$=d1 ^: loss ! horticultural & agricultural _w has rec5tly _h to deplore1 in/itut$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts at ,woburn "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( 8 g>d5]1 ! late ,mr4 ,s9clair1 :o 0 a v intellig5t man1 & ! result ( :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,hortus ,gram9eus ,woburn5sis4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts1 x 0 f\nd t :at are call$ hungry s&y soils1 7 ! wor/1 & ri* alluvial soils ! be/ = ! production ( grasses2 b t s&y loams produc$ ! mo/ equal & mo/ p]man5t crops4 ,to apply ?is to practice 9 ! production ( prop] lawn grasses1 x is evid5t t z a s&y loam appe>s to be ! be/ = !m1 a s&y soil w\ld be improv$ by ! addition ( clay1 & a clayey "o by ! addition ( s&1 bo? ^! mixtures con/itut+ :at is call$ a s&y loam3 & x may be add$1 t :]e ! soil is calc>e\s1 x may g5]ally be left )\t any alt]ation1 :5 x is to be cov]$ ) grass4 ,! next ?+ to be consid]$ is ! k9d ( grasses mo/ suitable = s[+ on a lawn2 & to asc]ta9 ?is1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! proprietor ( a lawn does n want a crop ( hay1 b a f9e smoo? level turf1 ! grass 9 :i* %all entirely conceal ! e>?4 ,= ?is purpose1 x is evid5t t sl[ gr[+ grasses1 ! roots ( :i* w reta9 p]man5t possession ( ! soil1 & :i* are suffici5tly succul5t n to be burnt up :5 closely m[n 9 hot wea!r1 are pref]able to ^? :i* gr[ rapidly & produce an abundant crop ( h]bage1 p>ticul>ly z ! roots ( ! la/ k9d are g5]ally easily )]$ up 9 dry wea!r4 ,v fa/-gr[+ grasses are inde$ exce$+ly annoy+ to ! possessor ( a small lawn1 z !y require con/ant m[+ & are ?us a con/ant s\rce ( exp5ce4 ,"s philosoph]s ass]t t ! *ief ?+ t h9d]s ! atta9m5t ( our desires1 is t v few ( u "k exactly :at we want2 & x is to save my read]s f be+ 9 ?is unpleasant pr$icam5t ) reg>d to lawns1 t ,i h be5 ?us p>ticul> 9 describ+ :at qualities are requisite 9 grasses to make !m suitable = produc+ s(t turf4 ,! next ?+ is to tell !m z well z ,i c1 :at k9d ( grasses appe> mo/ likely to answ] ! end 9 view4 ,( all ^!1 "o ( ! mo/ p]man5t appe>s to be ! fox-tail mead[-grass 7,alopecurus prat5sis72 x is "o ( ! pr9cipal grasses 9 ri* natural pa/ures1 & x %\ld always =m "o-f\r? "p ( ! se$s us$ = lay+ d[n a lawn4 ,! sweet-sc5t$ spr+ grass 7,an?oxan?um odoratum7 gr[s be/ 9 deep moi/ soil2 b x is wor? s[+ 9 e situation = its f95ess1 its dw>f gr[?1 & = its habit ( cont9u+ to vegetate1 & to ?r[ up fre% /alks ne>ly all ! ye>4 ,x is ?is grass :i* gives s delightful a fragrance to new hay4 ,! common mead[-grass 7,poa prat5sis7 is also suitable = lawns2 z1 ?\gh ( sl[ gr[?1 x has creep+ p]man5t roots3 & ! %ort blue mead[-grass 7,poa crulea7 may be add$1 = its deep blue t9t1 :i* gives a ri*ness to ! g5]al col\r ( ! grass1 & because x su/a9s no injury f dry wea!r4 ,! cre/$ dog's-tail grass 7,cynosurus cri/atus7 is1 h[ev]1 ! be/ = su/a9+ dr\ght & heat1 z its roots p5etrate s deeply into ! gr\nd1 z to keep its blades gre51 :ile all ! grasses ar\nd x are q br[n f be+ burnt up4 ,! h>d fescue grass 7,fe/uca duriuscula7 is ano!r k9d :i* w /& ! effects ( dry wea!r2 x is also a v f9e dw>f grass1 & spr+s e>ly4 ,_m o!r grasses might be nam$1 b ^! w suffice4 ,! proportion 9 :i* !y ought to be mix$1 is ano!r1 & an ess5tial po9t2 b at ! same "t x is "o r difficult to asc]ta91 z ! se$s ( ! f9] k9ds ( grasses are v (t5 abortive1 & d n g]m9ate2 & ?us a l>g] quantity mu/ be s[n ( !m1 ?an ( ^? k9ds1 all ! se$s ( :i* are g5]ally good4 ,! se$ ( ! mead[ fox-tail grass 7,alopecurus prat5sis7 is v (t5 s bad1 t n above "o se$ 9 ?ree w g]m9ate1 consequ5tly a mu* l>g] proportion ( se$ ( ?is grass mu/ be s[n ?an ( any ( ! o!rs4 ,?is se$ is v light1 & consequ5tly a p\nd ( x1 if b\ght by weight1 w appe> a great deal m ?an a p\nd ( ! cre/$ dog's-tail grass 7,cynosurus cri/atus71 ! se$ ( :i* is v heavy2 & yet z ! latt] se$ is g5]ally all good1 x w cov] m gr\nd ) grass ?an ! o!r4 ,! be/ way is to write d[n ! botanic names ( ! grasses1 & to s5d !m to a respectable se$sman1 ) directions to return en\gh ( ! se$ ( ea*1 to produce an equal quantity ( grass ( ea* respective species on ! lawn4 ,! :ole quantity requir$ ( ! mix$ grasses is g5]ally n m ?an f\r bu%els & a half p] acre2 b if an imm$iate effect be want$1 ab\t a bu%el & a half ( ! common :ite clov] may be add$4 ,?is quantity ( se$ w be suffici5t to s[ ! gr\nd v ?ickly1 z :5 gr\nd has be5 dug ov] & r5d]$ p]fectly smoo? ! se$s w g fur!r1 & cov] x m completely ?an :5 ! surface is unev52 & if ! se$s are s[n 9 dry wea!r1 !n roll$ 9 & aft]w>ds wat]$1 ! gr\nd w be z gre5 & cov]$ ) z f9e a sw>d ! fir/ season1 z ?\gh x _h be5 laid d[n ) turf4 ,! plants w1 h[ev]1 probably be too ?ick2 & z1 :5 ?is is ! case _m ( !m die1 ! gr\nd may require a p>tial re-s[+ ! foll[+ spr+4 ,x is !re=e saf] "u ord9>y circum/ances n to s[ m ?an f\r bu%els & a half an acre1 z if t quantity be equally di/ribut$1 ! plants w n be too ?ick4 ,:5 ! gr\nd :i* is to =m ! lawn has be5 m>k$ out1 ! soil1 if x wants amelioration1 %\ld be spread ov] ) ! e>? requir$ to make x approa* z ne> z possible to ! great desid]atum1 a s&y loam1 & x %\ld be !n dug ab\t a foot deep4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to d ?is 9 dry wea!r2 z ! two soils to be mix$1 %\ld be bo? 9 a /ate ( dryness4 ,no manure %\ld be dug 9 unless ! soil happ5 to be v poor inde$2 z manure w t5d to produce a l>g] & tall] gr[+ crop ( grass1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 w increase ! tr\ble & exp5ce ( m[+1 )\t be+ ( any use4 ,! gr\nd be+ dug1 & rak$ to remove all ! l>ge /ones1 ! surface %\ld be roll$1 & !n ! se$s s[n2 aft] :i* x %\ld be roll$ aga9 & wat]$ by a g>d5-eng9e hav+ a v f9e rose4 ,?is wat]+ may be repeat$ occasionally if ! wea!r %\ld be v dry2 & if any mole-hills or worm-ca/s appe>1 !y %\ld be levell$1 & ! roll+ repeat$4 ,:5 ! gr\nd is to be cov]$ ) turf1 in/ead ( be+ s[n ) grass se$s1 ! turf %\ld1 if possible1 be procur$ f "s mead[ or d[ns :]e %eep h be5 f$2 z ^! animals bite close to ! roots1 & ?is kills ! co>s] grasses :i* h g5]ally weak fibr\s roots1 :ile ! f9] grasses1 :i* h deep roots1 rema9 un9jur$4 ,! turf is !n cut ) a turf spade1 & roll$ up = removal4 ,:5 x is to be laid d[n1 & ! gr\nd is ready to receive x1 x is spread out1 & ! diff]5t rolls c>efully jo9$ to ea* o!r3 little bits be+ cut (f or pu%$ 9 :]e ! pieces d n exactly fit4 ,x is !n wat]$ & roll$1 & w require no o!r c>e4 ,) reg>d to aft] managem5t1 a lawn c nev] be kept neat )\t frequ5t m[+1 & ?is is an op]ation :i* a lady _c v well p]=m = h]self3 unless1 inde$1 %e h /r5g? en\gh to use "o ( ,budd+'s m[+ ma*9es4 ,9 :atev] way1 h[ev]1 ! op]ation may be p]=m$1 x %\ld be repeat$ v frequ5tly4 ,9 l>ge e/abli%m5ts1 ! lawn is always m[n e week dur+ summ]2 & ev5 9 ! smalle/ g>d5s ! grass %\ld nev] be suff]$ to rema9 m ?an a =tnight dur+ summ] )\t m[+4 ,! roots w ?us become weak5$1 & w n be able to s5d up any b dw>f & f9e blades ( grass1 :i* w =m 9 a few ye>s t beautifully smoo? & s(t velvet-l turf1 :i* x is ! pr9cipal beauty ( a lawn to possess4 8,x is a great mi/ake10 says ,mr4 ,l\don1 9 8 ,suburban ,g>d5]1 8to suppose t any?+ is ga9$ 9 ! way ( economy by suff]+ ! grass ( lawns to gr[ long be=e m[+1 9 ord] to save ! exp5se ( once or twice m[+ dur+ ! season2 =1 9 proportion z ! grass is all[$ to gr[ long be=e m[+1 9 ! same proportion are ! roots /r5g!n$ & enabl$ to s5d up /ill long] leaves & /ems2 :]eas if a lawn 7 kept %ort by frequ5t m[+ = two or ?ree ye>s 9 succession1 ! plants ( grass w\ld at la/ become s weak t n "o-half ! m[+ usually requir$ = ev5 slov5ly-kept lawns w\ld be necess>y1 & ! turf w\ld be mu* f9]1 & neat] 9 appe>ance40 ,! be/ manure = a lawn is soot4 ,i h dwelt long] ?an ,i o!rwise %\ld h done on ! managem5t ( lawns1 n only because ,i am a great admir] ( a smoo? gre5 turf1 b because ,i believe x is a subject n g5]ally und]/ood4 ,mo/ p]sons imag9e t if !y lay d[n turf1 or s[ grass se$s1 !y h done all t is requisite2 & my object is simply to impress ^u ! m9ds ( my read]s1 t ?is is n en\gh3 = z !re are diff]5t k9ds ( turf & grasses1 x is z necess>y to *oose :i* to take1 z to select fl[]s = ! fl[]-g>d54 ,i h only to add t ! br[ni% hue sometimes obs]v$ on ! br[s ( hills 9 pleasure gr\nds is produc$ by holcus lanatus1 a k9d ( c\*-grass1 t wa/es all its /r5g? on its fle%y roots1 & produces only a ?9 & wiry h]bage4 ,?is species1 ! diff]5t k9ds ( agro/is or b5t-grass1 ! brome grasses1 p>ticul>ly ,bromus arv5sis1 & ! cock's-foot grass1 ,dactylus glom]ata1 %\ld nev] be s[n 9 lawns4 ,grass se$s %\ld be s[n ei!r 9 spr+ or autumn2 & ,may1 & ,augu/ or ,septemb] are consid]$ ! be/ mon?s4 ,9 v old lawns1 moss is apt to pr$om9ate1 & :5 x is wi%$ to de/roy ?is1 ! surface ( ! lawn is dress$1 z x is call$1 9 ,may ) lime4 ,dress+ ) lime w also de/roy ! worms :i* are (t5 v tr\blesome 9 lawns 7p>ticul>ly :]e ! gr\nd has be5 manur$ ) dung71 9 ?r[+ up ca/s1 :i* make ! gr\nd unev51 & v difficult to m[4 ,! ,walks 9 pleasure-gr\nds %\ld be h>d & dry2 & !y %\ld also be suffici5tly wide to admit ( ?ree p]sons to walk abrea/ occasionally2 z no?+ c be m disagreeable ?an ! situation ( ! ?ird p]son1 :om ! n>r[ness ( ! walk obliges to walk be=e or beh9d 8 companions2 & :o is oblig$ ei!r to rema9 sil5t or to c>ry on a mo/ uncom=table & disjo9t$ k9d ( conv]sation4 ,! m9or evils ( clo!s be+ caught by bran*es1 & leaves dis*>g+ on ! p$e/rians ! rema9s ( a rec5t %[]1 w\ld likewise be avoid$ by broad] walks4 ,! lay+ out ( pleasure gr\nds embraces a wide field2 & :5 !y are ext5sive !y require ! eye ( a pa9t]1 z well z ! ta/e & skill ( a l&scape g>d5]4 ,ev5 9 small places1 s mu* dep5ds on situation 7p>ticul>ly z reg>ds ! h\se1 & :e!r !re may or may n be any di/ant prospects72 on ! ta/e ( ! occupi]2 & on ! exp5se to be incurr$1 n only 9 lay+ out & plant+1 b 9 aft] keep+1 t few directions c be giv5 t w\ld be g5]ally applicable4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be obs]v$ t 9 all places :e!r l>ge or small1 ! walks %\ld be s contriv$1 t no p]son pass+ along "o1 %\ld see ! p]sons walk+ on ano!r4 ,inde$1 if m ?an "o walk be ev] se5 at a "t1 x gives an idea ( want ( space & conf9em5t2 & ?is idea is "o :i* ! l&scape g>d5] always endeav\rs z mu* z possible to avoid4 ,= ! same reason ! b\nd>y f5ce %\ld nev] be se51 if x c possibly be disguis$4 ,ev5 9 a small /reet-g>d51 ) ?ree l[ walls on ?ree ( ! sides1 & ! h\se on ! f\r?1 a v pleas+ effect may be produc$ by effectually conceal+ ! b\nd>y walls ) ivy2 & ?us p]mitt+ ! imag9ation to fix ! b\nd>y :]e x w4 ,ano!r g5]al rule 9 lay+ out pleasure-gr\nds is to avoid monotony or sam5ess z mu* z possible4 ,no?+ is m we>y+ to ! eye ?an a place1 e "p ( :i* is alike1 & :i* leaves no?+ to ! imag9ation4 ,a place regul>ly dott$ ov] ) trees at equal di/ances is q featureless2 has no?+ to attract ! eye1 & no?+ to int]e/ ! m9d4 ,b if ! same trees are plant$ on ! same gr\nd 9 masses1 ) a broad expanse ( lawn betwe52 ! trees sometimes project+1 & sometimes %[+ a smoo? glade ( grass1 runn+ 9 among !m1 ! end ( :i* ! eye _c rea*1 ! imag9ation becomes excit$1 & a degree ( int]e/ is in/antly creat$4 ,:]e ! lawn is l>ge1 a few s+le trees may be introduc$2 b few ?+s 9 l&scape g>d5+ require m ta/e4 ,inde$1 9 lay+ out pleasure-gr\nds1 h[ev] small !y may be1 x is g5]ally ! be/1 & inde$ ! mo/ economical way1 to h ! advice ( a pr(essional l&scape g>d5] at fir/2 in/ead ( grop+ on 9 ! d>k1 f a mi/ak5 idea ( economy1 till at la/ x is discov]$ t all is wrong1 & mu/ be done ov] aga94 ,?us 9 ! end1 ! "w is g5]ally f\nd to h co/ twice z mu* z w\ld h be5 exp5d$ if x _h be5 begun prop]ly at fir/2 besides ! loss ( "t1 & ! annoyance always occasion$ by hav+ any?+ to undo4 ,! ,trees & ,%rubs4--,9 all places suffici5tly small to be manag$ by a lady1 )\t ! aid ( a regul> g>d5]1 ! trees & %rubs %\ld be ( ! *oice/ k9ds4 ,x is q ! fa%ion ( ! pres5t day to plant arboretums2 & ?\gh a place ( ! k9d ,i m5tion w\ld n admit ( a complete "o1 a lady might take "s g5us1 or "s small natural ord] to illu/rate1 7z = example ! g5us ,ribes1 or ! ord] ,b]b]ide17 & fill up ! re/ ( h] gr\nds ) hollies or o!r ev]gre5s1 s z to =m a back gr\nd to ! ornam5tal trees4 ,! g5]a ,magnolia & ,liriod5dron =m ! h>dy trees ( ano!r small ord]1 :i* x w\ld be easy to cultivate1 tak+ c>e to plant ,m4 conspicua1 & any o!r t produces its fl[]s be=e x does its leaves1 ) a ri* backgr\nd ( ev]gre5s4 ,! almond1 :i* fl[]s 9 ! same mann]1 %\ld be plac$ 9 a simil> situation2 & /&>d roses may also be s plac$ z to h ! unsightl9ess ( _! long nak$ /ems greatly less5$ by a mass ( ev]gre5s beh9d4 ,ano!r v int]e/+ mode ( arrangem5t1 :]e ! gr\nd w admit ( x1 is to plant p>ticul> situations ) c]ta9 trees :i* are n to be f\nd 9 any o!r "p ( ! gr\nds2 & ?us to =m :at ! l&scape g>d5]s call sc5es4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 !re might be an ,am]ican gr\nd1 =m$ 9 "s %ad$ holl[1 & plant$ ) rhodod5drons1 azaleas1 & kalmias4 ,all ^! plants require a light peaty soil1 & a %ady & some:at moi/ situation4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ! pleasure-gr\nds !re might be "s alp9e sc5]y1 ) p9es & firs1 & p>ticul>ly l>*es1 int]sp]s$ ) a few bir*-trees1 plant$ 9 dry s&y soil on hilly gr\nd4 ,! decidu\s cypress & weep+ will[ %\ld be ne> wat]1 z %\ld ! common will[1 ne>ly all ! popl>s1 & ! ald]s4 ,9 ano!r place might be a ?icket ( ! diff]5t v>ieties ( haw?orn1 ) a few ( ! f9e l>ge-fruit$ =eign ?orns plant$ 9 /rik+ situations4 ,9 %ort !re are no limits to ! num]\s & beautiful sc5es t might be laid out by a woman ( cultivat$ m9d1 :o possess$ fancy & ta/e1 comb9$ ) a v slight k ( trees2 & ,i ?9k ,i may safely add1 t ,i d n "k a m delightful occupation ?an ?is k9d ( l&scape g>d5+4 ,x is l&scape pa9t+1 b on ! noble/ & bolde/ scale3 & x is a s\rce ( con/ant enjoym5t1 f ! daily improvem5t t x displays4 ,:at a diff]5ce x makes 9 ! pleasure we h 9 return+ home1 if we h some?+ to visit1 t we "k has be5 improv+ 9 our abs5ce4 ,we reg>d ! trees & %rubs we h plant$1 & ! sc5es we h laid out ) almo/ a p>5tal fondness2 & a new & daily increas+ int]e/ is giv5 to life4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 mo/ e>ne/ly entreat my read]s to /udy trees & %rubs2 & ,i d assure !m t !y w f9d !mselves amply repaid1 n only by ! pleasure !y w h 9 l&scape g>d5+1 b 9 ! additional enjoym5t _! accession ( k w give to e c\ntry walk & ride t !y take4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o great drawback to ! pleasure t may be anticipat$ f plant+ an arboretum1 or ev5 an illu/ration ( any p>ticul> ord] or g5us2 & ?is is ! v great difficulty t exi/s 9 procur+ plants true to _! names4 ,nurs]ym5 put d[n a great _m m names 9 _! catalogues1 ?an !y h diff]5t k9ds ( plants2 & ?us ! same plants1 l ! actors 9 a c\ntry !atre1 are (t5 made to p]=m "u a great _m diff]5t names 9 ! same piece4 ,i h he>d ( in/ances :]e twelve or f\rte5 species 7 nam$ 9 a catalogue1 ?\gh ! nurs]yman only possess$ ?ree or f\r1 :i*1 :5 want$1 7 made to d duty "u all ^! diff]5t names4 ,almo/ all nurs]ym5 are alike 9 ?is respect1 & ! only real cure w be an increas$ k ( trees & %rubs on ! "p ( ! pur*as]s1 :i* w r5d] x impossible to impose false k9ds ^u !m4 ,9 ! mean "t ,i may m5tion t ,mr4 ,l\don has f\nd ! trees & %rubs 9 ! nurs]y ( ,messrs4 ,:itley & ,osborn1 at ,fulham1 m correctly nam$ ?an 9 mo/ o!rs4 ,9 plant+ masses ( trees & %rubs1 great c>e %\ld be tak5 to hide ! dug gr\nd ar\nd !m1 :i* always =ms a sc> 9 ! l&scape4 ,! be/ way ( do+ ?is is to cov] all ! space betwe5 ! %rubs ) grass1 & to tie d[n ! bran*es ( ! trees to pegs or /akes fix$ 9 ! e>?1 s z to make ! trees fea!r d[n to ! gr\nd4 ,:]e ?is _c be accompli%$1 on acc\nt ( ! exp5se ( clipp+ ! grass1 = x _c be m[n among ! trees1 ivy may be pegg$ d[n ov] ! dug gr\nd1 or ev]gre5 trail+ roses1 ( :i* !re are _m k9ds especially adapt$ = ?is purpose4 ,!re is "o g5]al rule relat+ to ! plant+ ( trees & %rubs1 :i* c nev] be too (t5 repeat$1 or too /rongly en=c$1--x is1 nev] to suff] !m to be plant$ too ?ickly4 ,?is may appe> a v simple rule1 b x is "o :i* x is v difficult to put 9 practice1 z all ! p]sons employ$ 9 plant+ are g5]ally oppos$ to x4 ,! nurs]yman ( c\rse wi%es to dispose ( 8 plants1 & ! g>d5] to produce a good effect z soon z possible1 nay1 ev5 ! proprietor _c help feel+ ! b>e & desolate appe>ance ( a new plantation :]e ! %rubs are plac$ at prop] di/ances4 ,!re are b two rem$ies = ?is3 ei!r plant+ s z to produce an effect at fir/1 & !n ?9n+ out half ! plants1 beg9n+ ! second or ?ird ye>2 or plant+ ! %rubs at ! prop] di/ances1 & cov]+ ! gr\nd betwe5 !m ) "s trail+ plant pegg$ d[n4 ,no?+ c look worse ?an a r[ ( tall trees :i* 7 evid5tly plant$ = a scre52 b :i*1 s f> f answ]+ ! int5d$ purpose1 admit ! light betwe5 _! sl5d] nak$ /ems1 :i* af=d no m concealm5t ?an ! op5 rails ( a pal+4 ,mr4 ,l\don obs]ves1 9 "o ( ! numb]s ( ! ,g>d5]'s ,magaz9e1 t ! quicke/ way ( ?ick5+ a plantation 9 ?is /ate is1 if ! trees are decidu\s1 to cut e alt]nate tree d[n1 9 ord] t ! /ools ( ! fall5 trees may s5d up "y %oots2 b if any ( !m h bran*es )9 six or eight feet ( ! gr\nd1 by tak+ (f ! tops ( ! trees1 & ty+ d[n ^! bran*es1 ! plantation may be ?ick5$1 )\t cutt+ any trees d[n4 ,a weep+ a% is a v ornam5tal tree on a lawn1 b unless x is well tra9$ x loses its effect4 ,:5 tra9$ to a wood5 frame1 ! hoops & rods ( :i* x is compos$ are seldom /rong en\gh to su/a9 ! weight ( sn[ :i* falls on ! summit ( ! tree 9 sev]e w9t]s1 & if !y give way 9 any place1 ! b\ghs are frequ5tly brok54 ,9 ! arboretum :i* ,joseph ,/rutt1 ,esq41 is n[ hav+ laid out at ,d]by1 & :i*1 :5 f9i%$1 he is mo/ lib]ally ab\t to pres5t to t t[n z a public prom5ade1 !re is a v f9e weep+ a%1 = :i* ,mr4 ,/rutt has _h an iron frame-"w made4 ,! iron rods are light & elegant1 & yet s /rong t !y are 9 no dang] ( giv+ way "u any weight ( sn[ t is ev] likely to fall on ! tree4 ,! iron frame "w has be5 coat$ ov] ) gas t> to pres]ve x f ru/1 & x n[ looks exce$+ly well4 ,roses4--,^! beautiful %rubs are s g5]ally admir$1 & !y are gr[n s univ]sally 9 all g>d5s1 t ,i ?9k ,i ought to give "s especial directions = _! culture4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 roses are said to require remov+ e ?ird ye>2 z _! roots exude a great deal ( matt] unfit = !m to reabsorb1 & z _! fibr\s roots are few1 small1 & n widely ext5d$ f ! hole ( ! plant4 ,x is n p]haps necess>y to take ?is rule /rictly au pi$ de la lettre1 b x is z well to keep x 9 view1 & to rememb] t :5 rose trees look sickly1 or fail to produce a due proportion ( fl[]s1 remov+ !m to a fre% soil w g5]ally re/ore _! vig\r4 ,x is n p]haps g5]ally kn[n t !re are ne>ly two ?\s& species & v>ieties ( roses4 ,among su* a *aos x w\ld be almo/ impossible to *oose1 _h n flori/s arrang$ !m 9 ab\t tw5ty g5]al divisions4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal ( ^! conta9s ! cabbage-roses & _! beautiful desc5dants1 ! moss-roses1 ( :i* la/ !re are m ?an tw5ty k9ds1 "s ( :i* are v /rik+1 & p>ticul>ly ! d>k crimson moss-rose1 g5]ally call$ ! ,r\ge de ,luxemb\rg1 & ! :ite moss1 ?\gh ! latt] is r too delicate = a t[n g>d54 ,! cre/$ moss is also a curi\s v>iety1 & x is said to h be5 f\nd gr[+ out ( an old wall 9 ,switz]l&4 ,all ! k9ds ( moss-roses %\ld be plant$ 9 w>m dry situations1 & 9 ,m>* a little manure %\ld be laid on ! surface ( ! soil r\nd _! roots4 ,%\ld ! season prove dry1 ! plants %\ld be frequ5tly wat]$1 & ! result w be a brilliant display ( fl[]s4 ,!re are tw5ty-five or ?irty o!r k9ds ( cabbage or ,prov5ce roses1 all ( :i* are v fragrant1 & inde$ !y are ! k9ds us$ = mak+ rose-wat]1 c42 !y are all q h>dy1 & require no p>ticul> culture4 ,! autumn-fl[]+ or p]petual roses are also rem>kable bo? = _! beauty & _! fragrance4 ,!re are m ?an fifty sorts2 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( :i* is ,lee's p]petual1 ! ,rose du ,roi ( ! ,fr5*4 ,! ,p/um roses1 m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 are suppos$ to belong to ?is family2 z does also ! well kn[n ,rose des ,quatre ,saisons4 ,all ^! roses %\ld be prun$ twice a-ye>1 9 ,novemb] & 9 ,june2 & aft] prun+1 ! gr\nd ab\t _! roots %\ld be loos5$ ) a =k1 & !n cov]$ two or ?ree in*es deep ) manure1 ! manure be+ cov]$ ov] ) "s fre% gre5 moss1 to prev5t x f hav+ an unpleasant appe>ance4 ,! roses ( all ! p]petual k9ds frequ5tly fade )\t los+ _! petals2 & :5 ?is is ! case ! fad$ fl[]s %\ld be in/antly remov$4 ,!y are all propagat$ by graft+ on ! common dog-rose1 z !y d n readily take root f lay]+4 ,^! roses are p>ticul>ly valuable1 z ) a little managem5t !y may be kept 9 fl[] eight mon?s 9 e ye>4 ,! ,fr5*1 or ,prov9s ,roses1 are g5]ally widely op5$ fl[]s l ! rose 9 ar*itecture4 ,! /rip$ & m>bl$ roses belong to ?is division4 ,^! roses h sc>cely any fragrance2 b !y h g5]ally %[y fl[]s1 & !y are v h>dy4 ,! druggi/s use !m = mak+ cons]ve ( roses2 & = ?is purpose !y are gr[n 9 great quantities ne> ! little t[n ( ,prov9s 9 ,france1 :5ce _! "n1 :i* is (t5 conf\nd$ ) t ( ! ,prov5ce ,roses f ! s\? ( ,france4 ,! :ite roses are h>dy1 & bloom abundantly ) v little c>e4 ,! ,scot* roses are also rem>kable = _! h>d9ess1 = _! bloom+ g5]ally a =tnight e>li] ?an any o!rs1 & = _! rip5+ abundance ( se$1 f :i* new v>ieties may cont9ually be rais$4 ,! yell[ ,scot* rose is v beautiful4 ,williams's d\ble yell[ sweetbri>1 & ! ,au/rian yell[ or copp]-col\r$ rose are also well wor? cultivat+4 ,! latt] is yell[ on ! outside ( ! petal & r$ )94 ,?is rose w n succe$ well 9 a smoky atmosph]e1 b x fl[]s beautifully 9 ,mrs4 ,m>ryatt's fl[]-g>d5 at ,wimbl$on1 & 9 t ( ,r4 ,h4 ,j5k9son1 ,esq41 at ,norbiton ,h\se1 ne> ,k+/on4 ,! common d\ble yell[ ,rose1 :i* seldom fl[]s well1 %\ld be gr[n 9 a ri* soil & w>m situation1 & x requires abundance ( air4 ,( ! climb+ roses1 ! ,ayr%ire roses1 p>ticul>ly ! beautiful :ite fl[] call$ ! ,que5 ( ! ,belgians1 & ,rosa ruga1 a v h&some & fragrant v>iety1 are p]haps ! be/ = tra9+ ^u frames to =m :at are call$ pill>s & pyramids ( roses1 z !y are q h>dy4 ,= %elt]$ situations ,rosa multiflora1 & its ne> ally ! ,sev5 ,si/]s' rose may be *os52 z !y gr[ v fa/ & v high1 & produce myriads ( fl[]s1 ?\gh !y are easily kill$ by fro/4 ,! mo/ valuable climb+ roses are1 h[ev]1 ! desc5dants ( ,rosa semp]vir5s1 ! ev]gre5 roses2 & ^! are ! only k9ds t %\ld be us$ = pegg+ d[n ov] ! dug gr\nd ( a %rubb]y4 ,!y are ( ! easie/ culture1 z !y w gr[ "u ! drip ( trees1 & !y ought nev] to be prun$4 ,be=e plant+ !m ! gr\nd %\ld be dug1 & well cle>$ f ! roots ( we$s1 c4 ,x %\ld !n be manur$ ) "p ( an old hot-b$1 & ! roses %\ld be plant$ ab\t five feet ap>t4 ,! foll[+ autumn a good coat+ ( manure %\ld be laid on ! surface ( ! gr\nd2 & ! plants w require no aft] culture b pegg+ d[n ! %oots to prev5t !m f leav+ any "p ( ! gr\nd b>e4 ,! ,triomphe de ,bollwill] is "o ( ! be/ ( roses = ?is purpose4 ,! ,b\rsault division1 "o ( ! be/ ( :i* is ! ,rose de ,lisle1 may be treat$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! noisette roses are kn[n by ! great clu/]s ( fl[]s :i* !y be> at ! extremities ( _! %oots4 ,_! bran*es %\ld n be %ort5$1 b ! dead fl[]s %\ld be remov$ z soon z !y fade4 ,! ,banksia roses1 ! tea-sc5t$ k9ds1 ! ,mac>tney & musk roses1 are too t5d] = any situation b a s\? wall4 ,! be/ roses 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london are to be f\nd at ,lee's1 ,hamm]smi?1 & ,loddige's1 ,hackney4 ,!re are also v f9e collections at ,riv]s's1 ,sawbridgewor?2 at ,wood's1 ,m>esfield1 & ,hook]'s1 ,br5*ley1 bo? ne> ,tunbridge ,wells2 & m especially at ,lane's1 ,b]khamp/ead1--! latt] nurs]yman contriv+1 by means ( =c+1 to h roses beautifully 9 fl[] f ! latt] end ( ,janu>y to ! middle ( ,novemb] e ye>4 ,roses are g5]ally propagat$ by graft+ or budd+1 & also by mak+ lay]s & cutt+s4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! po9t ( ! %oot %\ld be tak5 (f1 & ! great] "p ( ! leaves1 to prev5t an access ( evaporation4 7,= ,illu/ration1 see p4 #hd47 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,rock-,,"w1 ,,moss-,,h\ses1 ,,ru/ic ,,baskets1 ,,& ,,f\nta9s4 ,rock-"w1 ?\gh compos$ ( some:at pond]\s mat]ials1 is v frequ5tly arrang$ accord+ to female ta/e2 & "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable examples 9 ,engl& 7t at ! ,hoole1 ne> ,*e/]17 0 design$ by a lady1 & execut$ entirely "u h] direction4 ,!re are _m k9ds ( rock-"w2 b !y may be all describ$ z collections ( fragm5ts ( rocks1 /ones1 fl9ts1 vitrifi$ bricks1 scori1 & simil> mat]ials1 s arrang$ z to af=d a /rik+ object 9 ! l&scape2 &1 at ! same "t1 s z to =m a numb] ( little ne/s or crevices = ! reception ( alp9e plants4 ,! mode ( arrang+ ^! mat]ials dep5ds entirely ^u ta/e2 & ( c\rse v>ies widely4 ,! mo/ natural k9d ( rockwork1 is l t at ,r$leaf1 ne> ,tunbridge ,wells2 :]e ,mr4 ,wells1 ! proprietor1 tak+1 :at ,mr4 ,l\don calls ! key-note1 f ! natural sc5]y ( ! neighb\rhood1 has made 8 rocks appe> 8to crop out0 ( ! soil1 z ?\gh naturally1 9 su* situations z to give ! be/ effect to ! sc5]y4 ,! plants deposit$ 9 ! holl[s ( ^! rocks1 are s admirably plac$1 & ! art ) :i* !y are cultivat$1 is s skilfully conceal$1 t no illusion c be m complete2 & we may fancy ourselves 9 a sc5e ( nature1 b ( nature 9 h] greate/ beauty & highe/ luxuriance4 ,v diff]5t is ! rock-g>d5 ( ! late ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh1 9 8 private g>d5s at ,bl5heim4 ,x is p]haps m beautiful ?an ! rocks at ,r$leaf2 b no "o c\ld possibly mi/ake x = any?+ b a "w ( art1 & x owes its *ief beauty to ! plants gr[n 9 x4 ,x is =m$ on a sc> 9 ! natural rock1 :i* is hewn into zigzag pa?s2 on "o side ( ea* ( :i* are num]\s ni*es to receive ! plants4 ,^! plants are plant$ & kept ) great c>e2 & !y gr[ s luxuri\sly1 z almo/ to hide ! pa?s1 & to make ! rock look at a little di/ance l a bank ( fl[]s4 ,mosses ( diff]5t col\rs are int]sp]s$1 & ! :ole has a peculi>ly ri* & sp>kl+ effect4 ,! rock-"w at ,syon has be5 comp>$ to ! sc5]y ( a highl& gl52 b ,i mu/ confess !re does n appe> to me ! slighte/ resemblance4 ,9 fact1 ! ,syon rock-"w is s ov]p[]$ by ! magnific5t cons]vatory 9 front1 ) its spl5did t]race1 & ! geometric fl[]-g>d5 at its base1 ) its myriads ( beautiful fl[]s1 c4 t x becomes q a second>y object1 & its real beauties are v apt to pass unnotic$4 ,x consi/s ( masses ( granite1 int]mix$ ) brok5 capitals ( columns1 c4 ?r[n toge!r 9 a natural mann]1 & plant$ ) ornam5tal fl[]+ plants1 pr9cipally exotic4 ,! rock-"w at ,norbiton ,hall1 is dispos$ 9 ! same mann] z t at ,syon2 b x is on a small] scale2 & its pr9cipal use is to keep moi/ure r\nd ! roots ( ! plants1 :i* are plant$ among x4 ,_m o!r specim5s ( rock-"w might be m5tion$1 p>ticul>ly t ( ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,cl[es at ,l[] ,b\ghton ,hall1 ne> ,man*e/]1 t ( ,mrs4 ,lawr5ce at ,drayton1 t ( ! late ,duke ( ,b$=d at ,woburn1 & t ( ,?omas ,millie1 ,esq4 at ,/4 ,clair ,t[n1 9 ,p]?%ire2 b ! mo/ rem>kable ( all is t ( ,lady ,b\ghton1 at ! ,hoole1 ne> ,*e/]1 :i*1 inde$1 /&s q alone1 ! only "o ( its k9d4 ,! design = ?is rock-"w 0 tak5 f a small model1 repres5t+ ! m\nta9s ( ,savoy1 ) ! valley ( ,*am\ni2 & ! rocks are made suffici5tly l>ge to give a p]son walk+ among !m1 an idea ( _! reality4 ,! lab\r ( =m+ ?is rock-"w 0 v great2 n only f ! l>ge size ( ! /ones to be remov$1 b f ! difficulty ( gett+ !m ( ! prop] col\rs & %apes4 ,besides ?is1 x 0 v difficult to make x /& aga9/ ! wea!r4 8,ra9 wa%$ away ! soil1 & fro/ swell$ ! /ones3 & sev]al times ! ma9 wall fail$ f ! weight put ^u x4 ,! walls & f\ndations are built ( ! r$ s&/one ( ! c\ntry2 & ! o!r mat]ials h be5 collect$ f v>i\s qu>t]s1 *iefly f ,wales40 ,! "p t repres5ts ! out] circle ( rocks1 is pr9cipally compos$ ( ! r$ s&/one ( ! neighb\rhood1 9 :i* little ni*es h be5 made = plants1 & fill$ ) exactly ! k9d ( soil 9 :i* alp9e plants gr[ naturally2 viz41 brok5 fragm5ts ( /ones1 clean-wa%$ riv] gravel1 & ! debris ( decay+ moss1 & o!r plants1 crumbl+ rocks1 c4 ,! plants are all /rictly alp9e--! only lib]ty tak51 be+ ! m+l+ ( ! alp9e plants ( hot & cold c\ntries1 or r ( diff]5t elevations1 toge!r2 & ?is is contriv$ v +5i\sly1 by plac+ fragm5ts ( d>k-/one to absorb ! heat1 r\nd ^? t require mo/ w>m?1 & fragm5ts ( :ite /one to reflect ! heat1 r\nd ^? t require to be kept cool4 ,9 all ! trees & %rubs plant$ among ! rocks1 ! same c>e is tak5 to keep up ! illusion3 !y are all alp9e plants2 & dw>f species1 or ^? ( v sl[ gr[?1 are g5]ally *os51 to prev5t !m f becom+ too l>ge = ! rocks4 ,! "p :i* repres5ts ! 8,m] de ,glace10 is 8work$ ) grey lime/one1 qu>tz1 & sp>4 ,x has no cells = plants2 b ! spaces are fill$ up ) brok5 fragm5ts ( :ite m>ble1 to look l sn[2 & ! sp> is to imitate ! glaci]s40 ,i h already m5tion$ t ,lady ,b\ghton 0 h] own arti/2 &1 ,i may add1 t ! rock-"w 0 six or eight ye>s 9 progress1 be=e x 0 complet$4 ,:atev] k9d ( rock-"w may be erect$1 ! fir/ ?+ to be done is to make a secure f\ndation2 z1 unless ?is is effect$1 ! /ones w gradually s9k into ! e>? by _! own weight2 & ?us1 9 a few ye>s1 ! mass w ei!r h become half buri$1 or tott]+ & insecure4 ,x is !re=e mo/ prud5t1 unless ! rock-"w be actually erect$ on a solid rock1 to prep>e a f\ndation = x ( brick-"w2 n suff]+1 h[ev]1 any ( ! wall to appe> above ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,to prev5t ! possibility ( ?is f\ndation wall be+ se51 x w be be/ n to c>ry x high] ?an to )9 six or eight in*es ( ! surface4 ,all be+ prep>$1 ! /ones may be arrang$1 ! l>ge/ at ! base2 & ! upp] ones div]sifi$ accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! design]4 ,! foll[+ g5]al rules w apply to all ! diff]5t k9ds ( rock-"w3--nev] to let ! /ones re/ aga9/ any k9d ( build+2 z1 :5 s dispos$1 !y give ideas ( disord] & insecurity4 ,nev] to mix up decay+ mat]ials1 su* z roots ( trees1 c4 ) durable mat]ials1 su* z rocks & /ones2 or ?+s evid5tly natural1 ) ^? evid5tly =m$ by art4 ,nev] to let ! rock-"w rise abruptly out ( ! turf1 l a great mass ( /ones dis*>g$ f a c>t2 b gradually to prep>e ! way = x1 by s9k+ "s fragm5ts ( /one half-way 9 ! gr\nd1 & lett+ !m become l>g] & m num]\s1 till ! spectator at la/ arrives at ! pr9cipal mass4 ,nev] to beg9 to "w )\t hav+ "s fix$ design1 :e!r av[$ly artificial or app>5tly natural2 & :]e ! design is to make :at may be call$ a natural rock-g>d51 l t ( ! ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh at ,bl5heim1 always to take c>e t ! /ones are v l>ge1 & pil$ ^u "o ano!r1 s z to imitate ! /ratification ( a rocky c\ntry4 8,9 g5]al10 says ,mr4 ,l\don1 9 8 ,suburban ,g>d5]1 8rock-"w1 to be truly natural1 c only %[ ! rock on "o side1 or at mo/ on two sides2 z sc>s1 cliffs1 & precipices are se5 9 rocky di/ricts40 ,?is abrupt side or face ( ! rock %\ld be repres5t$ z project+ into l$ges or %elves1 to imitate ! t]m9ations ( ! diff]5t /rata2 & ! fl[]+ plants %\ld be introduc$1 9 :at may be suppos$ to be ! clefts & fissures ( ! natural rock4 ,! summit ( ! rock & ! slop+ side %\ld be cov]$ ) turf1 & may be plant$ ) trees1 "s ( :i* may hang ov] ! rock2 or ! l9e ( junction betwe5 ! /ones & ! turf may be conceal$1 by ! luxuriance ( ! alp9e plants1 plant$ 9 ! fissures1 & suff]$ to climb ov] ! top4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t 9 granite or basalt rocks1 ! l9es ( /ratification are g5]ally v]tical2 & consequ5tly v ill adapt$ = =m+ l$ges = plants4 ,! be/ mat]ials = a natural rock-g>d5 9 l$ges are !re=e s&/one & lime/one1 ! l9es ( /ratification 9 :i* are *iefly horizontal1 ) occasional dips4 ,x w be evid5t1 f :at has be5 said1 t to make good rock-"w1 requires ! eye ( an arti/2 & x may be add$1 t rock-"w %\ld nev] be attempt$ )\t fir/ mak+ a col\r$ draw+ ( x on pap]1 or a small model1 ) a *ild's box ( bricks1 or "s simil> mat]ials1 to try ! effect4 ,moss-h\ses are int]e/+ z g>d5 build+s1 because !y af=d great scope to ! ex]cise ( ! fancy2 n only 9 ! design = ! entire build+1 b = ! arrangem5t ( ! moss 9 diff]5t patt]ns4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be consid]$ 9 c>ry+ ! design into execution1 is ! f\ndation2 & ?is1 if ! soil be damp1 %\ld be dug out two feet deep1 & ne>ly fill$ ) concrete4 ,9 ?is mu/ be fix$ ! ru/ic pill>s :i* are to support ! ro(2 & ^! are g5]ally compos$ ( ! trunks ( "y l>*es or spruce-firs ) _! b>k on1 :i* %\ld be *os5 z ne>ly z possible ( ! same size4 ,! numb] ( pill>s & ! mann] 9 :i* !y are to be arrang$ dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 on ! design2 b ! g5]al numb] is f eight to twelve4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 to drive ! po/s firmly into ! gr\nd1 & all to ! same dep?4 ,! raft]s = ! ro( are !n fix$ on1 & n>r[ la?s1 or hazel rods1 nail$ betwe5 !m1 & also betwe5 ! uprights4 ,betwe5 ^! la?s or rods ! moss is pu%$ ) a w$ge-%ap$ piece ( wood2 ! patt]n hav+ be5 fir/ rudely trac$ ) *alk on ! outside ( ! rods4 ,! moss to be us$ %\ld be fir/ collect$ & sort$1 all ( ! same k9d be+ put toge!r2 & :5 x is us$ ! root end %\ld always be ! "p pu%$ 9 betwe5 ! rods4 ,! pr9cipal mosses fit = ?is purpose are ! re9de] moss1 ,c5omyce rangif]a1 & its allies1 _m ( :i* are f\nd 9 abundance on ,bag%ot ,hea?1 & o!r commons ne> ,london1 & ne>ly all ( :i* are :ite3 ! diff]5t k9ds ( ,bryum1 all ( :i* are v neat & compact gr[+ mosses1 s5d+ up long /alks be>+ _! se$pods2 ( ^!1 ,bryum roseum is p9k1 ,b4 hornum yell[i% gre51 & ,b4 cuspidatum light gre53 ,dicranum glaucum ne>ly yell[1 & ,d4 scop>ium a v d>k gre53 ,sphagnum1 "o k9d p9k1 & ano!r ne>ly :ite2 & ,hypnum1 sev]al species1 v>y+ 9 diff]5t %ades ( gre54 ,all ^! are abundant 9 ! commons ab\t ,london4 ,f>!r nor?1 m brilliant col\rs are f\nd1 "s v d>k br[n1 "s ( a ri* br[ni% purple1 "s ( a v blui% gre51 & "s s :ite z to look l sn[4 ,:]ev] !re is a common or v old turf1 x w be an amusem5t to explore x 9 se>* ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( mosses2 & :5 ! prevail+ mosses ( ! di/rict h be5 discov]$1 ! patt]n & col\rs = ! moss-h\se c be arrang$ accord+ly4 ,a v ri*1 & at ! same "t orig9al effect1 might be produc$ 9 a moss-h\se1 by arrang+ ! moss 9 an arabesque patt]n1 ) diff]5t col\rs comb9$ some?+ l ^? ( a ,turkey c>pet2 & in/ead ( pav+ ! floor x might be =m$ 9 ! same mann] z ! walls4 ,or1 ! walls might be ( "s pla9 col\r ) only ! cre/ ( ! family1 or ! initials ( ! design]'s "n 9 :ite or col\rs1 & ! ceil+ & floor 9 arabesque4 ,9 all cases ! outside ( ! ro( is ?at*$ or cov]$ ) %+les2 & ! outside ( ! walls is ei!r bo>d$ or cov]$ ) a ?ick coat+ ( moss4 ,:]e ! h\se is l>ge1 or if !re are glass w9d[s1 x is be/ to h ! frame-"w made by a regul> c>p5t]2 b :]e ! moss-h\se is small1 & op5 9 front1 x may be put up by ! g>d5]1 or any intellig5t s]vant4 ,9 _m cases1 ! ro( is f9i%$ ) a circle ( p9e-cones fix$ r\nd x z a cornice2 & ! floor is ei!r laid ) o!r p9e-cones1 or ) small pebbles1 "s ( :i* are :ite & are arrang$ 9 a k9d ( patt]n2 ! w9d[s are frequ5tly ( col\r$ glass2 & a curi\s effect might be produc$ by hav+ ^? 9 ! back ( ! build+ purple1 :i* w\ld make ! gr\nd & e object se5 ?r\gh !m look z if cov]$ ) sn[2 & ^? 9 front ( ! build+ fill$ ) yell[ glass1 :i* gives e object ! ri* gl[ ( summ]4 ,! seats 9 a g>d5 or pleasure-gr\nd are g5]ally pur*as$ ready made2 b an agreeable v>iety may be occasionally produc$1 by hav+ ! /ump ( an old tree =m$ into a seat1 & tw9+ ivy1 & creep+ fl[]+ %rubs1 r\nd x4 ,:]e x is an object to save tr\ble1 a plant ( ! ,virg9ian creep] may be plant$ ) "o ( ! giant ivy2 & if bo? are left to nature1 ! effect w be v good1 z ! brilliant deep r$ ( ! ,virg9ian creep] 9 autumn w be reliev$ by ! d>k gre5 ( ! ivy4 ,a few moveable seats--"o to :eel ab\t f "o "p ( ! g>d5 to ano!r1 & ano!r ( ! new fold+ k9d1 import$ f ,norway by ,*>lwood1 & sold at #cs4 #f;d4 ea*1 are v conv5i5t4 ,:]e !re is a t]race1 a seat may be erect$ at ea* end ( wood1 b ( a some:at massive design1 & pa9t$ :ite1 be+ /rew$ :ile ! pa9t is wet ) v f9e s&1 :i* w make x a good imitation ( /one4 ,seats may also be decorat$ by nail+ on a wood5 frame-"w hazel rods ) ! b>k on1 :i* h be5 /a9$ ( diff]5t col\rs1 & !n v>ni%$4 ,^! rods are arrang$ 9 a patt]n1 & ,i h se5 ! effect ( a l&scape produc$2 b x appe>s a k9d ( decoration t is 9 v d\btful ta/e1 or at lea/ "o t x requires great judgm5t to manage prop]ly4 ,illu/ration3 #a4 ,,ru/ic ,,box4 ,ru/ic ,baskets4--,!re are p]haps few ?+s ov] :i* ! al*emy ( ta/e has m p[] ?an ! app>5tly wor?less mat]ials ( :i* ^! elegant ornam5ts are con/ruct$1 ,an old cask1 a few p9e-cones1 & a few pieces ( rope1 comb9$ by skilful h&s1 w produce an almo/ magical effect4 ,! baskets at ,dropmore 7 all con/ruct$ 9 ?is mann] f designs by ,lady ,gr5ville4 ,z an example ( :at may be done ) ! commone/ mat]ials 9 ?is way1 ,fig4 #a4 is an old ,*9ese tea-*e/1 ) "p ( a tree sawn ?r\gh z a p$e/al1 & "s pieces ( rope nail$ on z decorations4 ,fig4 #b4 is an old basket ) all its int]/ices /uff$ ) moss4 ,_m o!r articles might be devis$1 :i* any p]son ( ta/e & inv5tion w\ld f9d x an agreeable occupation to design1 & to sup]9t5d ! execution (4 ,9 addition to ^! ru/ic baskets1 a few wirework frames might be design$ ( mu* m elegant =ms ?an ^? commonly sold1 :i* an intellig5t g>d5] might be easily in/ruct$ to make at 8 leisure h\rs2 & inde$ a lady ) two pair ( small p9c]s w\ld f9d no great difficulty 9 twi/+ ! wire h]self4 ,! great po9t is to ex]cise our own skill & +5uity2 = we all feel s mu* m int]e/$ 9 :at we d ourselves ?an 9 :at is done = u1 t no lady is likely to become fond ( g>d5+1 :o does n d a great deal ) h] own h&s4 ,illu/ration3 #b4 ,,moss ,,basket4 ,f\nta9s4--,?\gh f\nta9s are m suitable to a hot c\ntry ?an to a weep+ climate l t ( ,engl&1 yet x mu/ be confess$ !y are g5]ally a great improvem5t to g>d5 sc5]y4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be consid]$ be=e erect+ "o1 is :]e to make ! res]voir2 z on ! elevation :i* t is above ! g>d51 dep5ds ! height to :i* ! wat] ( ! f\nta9 w asc5d4 ,! l5g? ( "t :i* ! f\nta9 w play dep5ds on ! quantity ( wat] conta9$ 9 ! res]voir1 b ?is has no?+ to d ) ! height to :i* ! wat] w rise4 ,if a ci/]n be =m$ on ! top ( a summ]-h\se1 t5 feet & a half high1 & a pipe f t be c>ri$ d[n a suffici5t dep? into ! gr\nd to secure x f fro/1 & !nce horizontally to ! orifice :i* is to =m ! f\nta91 t orifice1 if x be only half an in* 9 diamet]1 w ?r[ up a jet ( wat] t5 feet high1 & w cont9ue play+ till all ! wat] 9 ! ci/]n is exhau/$4 ,! conduct+ pipe = su* a f\nta9 %\ld be two in*es & a qu>t] 9 diamet]1 & x %\ld be furni%$ ) a valve or /op-cock1 :i* may be turn$ at pleasure1 & by :i* ! wat] may be ei!r suff]$ to asc5d ?r\gh ! orifice1 or reta9$ 9 ! conduct+ pipe4 ,! res]voir ci/]n mu/ be kept full by a =c+ pump1 or hydraulic ram2 or1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london1 by high s]vice f ! wat] company :i* supplies ! dwell+4 ,any ci/]n1 suffici5tly high above ! g>d51 w d4 ,:]e a ci/]n 9 ! ro( is suppli$ ) a high s]vice pipe1 a f\nta9 ) a jet ?irty or =ty feet high1 accord+ to ! height ( ! h\se1 might be _h 9 ! g>d5 at no o!r exp5ce ?an t ( fix+ desc5d+1 & horizontal conduct+ pipes4 ,! wat] 9 a f\nta9 may be ?r[n up 9 v>i\s designs1 :i* are =m$ by little tubes ( brass1 call$ adjutages1 :i* are screw$ on ! orifice ( ! conduct+ pipe4 ,"s ( ^! designs imitate a convolvulus1 "s a :eat-%eaf1 "s a basket1 & "s a globe4 ,9 %ort1 !y are v num]\s1 & aft] exhau/+ ! fancy ( ! ,engli% plumb]s1 a v>iety ( diff]5t & v elegant designs may be obta9$ f ,p>is4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,w9d[ ,,g>d5+1 ,,& ,,! ,,managem5t ,,( ,,plants ,,9 ,,pots ,,9 ,,small ,,gre5-,,h\ses4 ,! managem5t ( plants 9 rooms is extremely difficult1 f ! want ( prop] light & pure air3 ?\gh ?is latt] want may1 9 "s measure1 be obviat$1 by op5+ ! w9d[ 9 front ( :i* ! plants /&1 :5ev] circum/ances w p]mit4 ,x %\ld nev] be =gott5 t fre% air is almo/ z ess5tial to plants z wat]2 & t !y are s]i\sly injur$ by be+ =c$ to inspire air at _! brea?+ pores t is 9 an unfit /ate = !m4 ,i h (t5 obs]v$ ! heal?y appe>ance ( plants belong+ to cottag]s2 & ,i believe x arises pr9cipally f ! habit t mo/ poor p h1 ( sett+ _! plants out 9 ! ra9 :5ev] !re is a %[]4 ,?is n only cle>s ! leaves ( du/1 & op5s ! /omata or brea?+ pores1 b gives ! plant abundance ( fre% air4 ,)\t a suffici5cy ( air & light1 plants w soon become weak & sickly1 & _! leaves w turn yell[2 b if a little fre% air be giv5 to !m e day :5 ! temp]ature is n too cold1 !y w gr[ q z well 9 a room z 9 a gre5-h\se4 ,ano!r reason :y plants kept 9 rooms are g5]ally unheal?y1 is1 t !y are wat]$ 9 a v irregul> mann]4 ,sometimes !y are suff]$ to become s dry t ! m\ld 9 :i* !y gr[ w crumble "u ! pressure ( ! f+]1 & ! spongioles ( ! roots are q )]$2 & !n a pr(usion ( wat] is giv5 to !m1 q cold f ! pump1 ?\gh !y h probably be5 /&+ 9 a temp]ature ( f #fj to #gj4 ,z a climax1 "p ( ?is wat] is suff]$ to rema9 9 ! sauc] = a day or two1 till ev5 ! heal?y "p ( ! roots is ?or\ghly *ill$1 & ! plant1 if ( a delicate nature1 is de/roy$4 ,! rev]se ( all ?is %\ld be ! case4 ,! plant %\ld nev] be suff]$ to become s dry z to h ! m\ld 9 a crumbl+ /ate2 b if su* a circum/ance has be5 suff]$ to occur1 x %\ld be well wat]$ ) w>m wat] ( at lea/ ! temp]ature ( ! room1 & bett] if r w>m]4 ,en\gh ( ?is wat] %\ld be giv5 to fill ! sauc]2 9 ord] t e "p ( ! m\ld & ( ! roots may imbibe "s b5efit f ! moi/ure2 b z soon z ?is has be5 done1 ! pot %\ld be lift$ out ( ! sauc]1 & ! wat] ?r[n away1 z no?+ c be m injuri\s to ! roots ( mo/ plants1 ?an to h ! pot !y gr[ 91 kept /&+ 9 wat]4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s exceptions to ?is rule1 su* z all ! k9ds ( ,mimulus1 ! ,hydrangea1 ,calla e?iopica1 & "s k9ds ( ,calceol>ia4 ,all ^!1 & all m>% plants1 require abundance ( wat]1 & w n fl[] well unless ! sauc] be kept half full1 ?\gh ! wat] %\ld be *ang$ e day4 ,x is also a common fault to put plants kept 9 rooms1 into too l>ge pots2 or1 z ! g>d5]s express x1 to ov]-pot !m4 ,?is has always a bad effect4 ,if ! soil be good1 & n ov]-wat]$1 ! plants w inde$ gr[ rapidly2 b x w be to produce leaves & bran*es in/ead ( fl[]s3 & if ! soil be ov]-wat]$1 ! mass ( sodd5$ soil r\nd ! roots has ! same effect ^u !m z /agnant wat] 9 ! sauc]4 ,! soil %\ld always be 9 su* a /ate z to admit air ) ! wat] to ! roots2 & ?is x _c d :5 x becomes a black5$ pa/e by be+ saturat$ ) wat]4 ,at ! same "t frequ5t repott+ is (t5 absolutely necess>y to keep ! plants 9 a dw>f compact habit ( gr[?1 & to prev5t !m f be+ drawn up4 ,! way 9 :i* g>d5]s asc]ta9 :5 repott+ is necess>y1 is by turn+ ! plant out ( its pot ) ! ball ( e>? atta*$2 & if !y f9d ! roots look :ite r\nd ! outside ( ! m\ld1 !n ! plant %\ld be transf]r$ to a l>g] pot2 b only "o size l>g]3 aft]w>ds x may be repott$ aga9 if necess>y1 b always to a pot only a little l>g] ?an ! "o x 0 tak5 f4 ,by p]sev]+ 9 ?is mode ( treatm5t = "s "t1 & nev] advanc+ m ?an "o size at a "t1 a plant may be gr[n to a l>ge size1 & made to produce abundance ( fl[]s2 :ile by ! contr>y treatm5t1 t is1 suff]+ x to rema9 9 a v small pot1 or %ift+ x sudd5ly into a v l>ge "o1 ! /em w become weak5$ & elongat$1 & ! fl[]s w be few & v poor4 ,9 %ort1 on ! skilful managem5t ( repott+1 or %ift+1 z ! g>d5]s call x1 a great deal ( ! art ( gr[+ plants 9 pots dep5ds4 ,! be/ soil = plants 9 pots is g5]ally peat mix$ ) vegetable m\ld & s&2 & ! pots %\ld be fill$ ne>ly a qu>t] ( _! dep? ) little bits ( brok5 pots1 call$ pot%r$s1 s z to ensure complete dra9age4 ,:5 plants are %ift$1 !y are turn$ out ( _! old pots ) _! balls ( e>? entire2 ! roots are !n exam9$1 & if any are w\nd$ or decay$ !y %\ld be cut (f4 ,! new pot has !n a lay] ( pot%r$s plac$ at ! bottom ) a little e>?1 & ! plant is plac$ 9 ! c5tre1 s t ! bole or coll> may be j above ! level ( ! rim4 ,! new e>? is !n put 91 & ! pot %ak5 to make x settle4 ,! plant is !n slightly wat]$1 & set aside 9 ! %ade = ! re/ ( ! day4 ,plants %\ld nev] be repott$ :5 9 fl[]2 ! be/ "t is inde$ :5 !y are gr[+1 till _! fl[] buds beg9 to swell1 :5 !y %\ld be all[$ to rema9 undi/urb$ till ! fl[]+ season is completely ov]4 ,sometimes ! soil 9 a pot looks black1 & cov]$ ) moss4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! plant %\ld be turn$ out ( ! pot1 & ! black sodd5 e>? p>tly %ak5 (f ! roots1 :i* %\ld be prun$1 & %\ld h all _! decay$ p>ts cut (f4 ,! plant %\ld !n be repott$ 9 ano!r pot ( ! same1 or ne>ly ! same1 size z ! "o x 0 tak5 f1 :i* %\ld be well dra9$1 & fill$ up ) a compo/ ( vegetable m\ld1 s&1 & peat4 ,?us treat$1 & only mod]ately b regul>ly wat]$ ) w>m wat]1 :i* %\ld nev] be all[$ to /& 9 ! sauc]1 ! plant w soon recov]2 & if judici\sly prun$ 91 if x has become elongat$1 x w become h&some1 & :at g>d5]s call well gr[n4 ,ano!r objection to gr[+ plants 9 rooms is ! great difficulty t exi/s 9 keep+ !m cle> ( insects2 p>ticul>ly ! ,aphis or gre5 fly1 & ! k9d ( mite1 7,ac>us tell>ius7 commonly call$ ! r$ spid]4 ,^! are g5]ally de/roy$ by fumigation2 & ! be/ mode ( fumigat+ !m is by ,cl>k's ,pat5t ,bl[]1 ) ! fumigator atta*$1 :i* has be5 already describ$4 ,wa%+ ) a syr+e & abundance ( wat] is1 h[ev]1 probably a bett] mode2 z x has be5 (t5 obs]v$ t nei!r ! gre5 fly nor ! r$ spid] w ev] infe/ a plant1 t is frequ5tly syr+$4 ,! managem5t ( plants 9 a small gre5-h\se diff]s v little f t ( plants 9 rooms4 ,:5ev] ! wea!r w p]mit1 air %\ld be giv5 if only = half an h\r 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,! h\se %\ld be kept clean1 & free f dead leaves2 & ! plants %\ld n be too mu* cr[d$4 ,no?+ c look worse ?an pale sickly gre5-h\se plants1 drawn up to an unnatural l5g?1 & s weak t _! /ems w n /& upright )\t ! aid ( a /ick4 ,:5 gre5-h\ses are cr[d$ ) plants1 "s ( :i* are too f> f ! light1 ?is mu/ be ! case2 & :5 x is1 x is q hopeless to expect ei!r heal?y plants or f9e fl[]s4 ,?\gh x is adviseable to h sauc]s to ! pots ( plants kept 9 rooms1 = ! sake ( cleanl9ess1 x is mu* bett] = ^? kept 9 ! gre5-h\se to be )\t !m4 ,z diff]5t gre5-h\se plants require a some:at diff]5t treatm5t1 ! foll[+ directions = ! managem5t ( a few ( ! mo/ popul> may be useful to my read]s4 ,camellias4--,! ,camellia is a plant :i* requires abundance ( wat]1 & is yet soon kill$ by suff]+ /agnant moi/ure to rema9 ab\t ! roots4 ,:5 gr[n 9 pots !re %\ld be abundant dra9age2 t is1 ! pots %\ld be m ?an a qu>t] fill$ ) pot%r$s4 ,! soil %\ld be peat e>?1 mix$ e>?1 & s&2 & ! plants %\ld be pott$ high1 s z to let ! coll> ( ! plant be q above ! rim ( ! pot4 ,! pots %\ld n h sauc]s1 or if !y h = ! sake ( cleanl9ess1 ! wat] %\ld be c>efully p\r$ out ( !m imm$iately aft] ! plants h be5 wat]$4 ,! plants %\ld be wat]$ abundantly e day :ile _! fl[]-buds are swell+1 z if ?is be neglect$1 ! buds are v apt to drop (f4 ,:5 ! fl[]s beg9 to exp&1 ! wat]+ is n ( s mu* consequ5ce1 ?\gh x %\ld be cont9u$ 9 mod]ate quantities2 & abundance %\ld be aga9 giv5 :5 ! plants are mak+ _! "y %oots4 ,aft] !y h done gr[+1 wat]+ once or twice a week w be suffici5t till ! fl[]-buds aga9 beg9 to swell4 ,dur+ ! gr[+ season ! plants %\ld be set out & syr+$ all ov] ! leaves once or twice a week2 b c>e %\ld be tak5 n to d ?is :5 ! sun %9es1 or at any rate n to set ! plants 9 ! sun :ile !y are wet1 z ! heat ( ! sun act+ on ! wat]1 w scald ! leaves1 & make !m appe> blot*$1 & p>tially )]$4 ,! roots ( ,camellias are seldom v /rong1 & !y are v easily injur$4 ,great c>e %\ld1 !re=e1 be tak5 :5 ! plants are repott$ n to bruise ! roots1 or to cut (f all t are at all injur$4 ,if on turn+ out ! plants previ\s to repott+1 ! ball ( e>? has no :ite roots appe>+ on ! outside1 ! e>? & decay$ roots %\ld be %ak5 or cle>$ away1 till good roots are se52 & ^! %\ld be c>efully exam9$1 & all ! bad p>ts cut away4 ,! plants %\ld !n be repott$ 9 a pot n m ?an an in* 9 diamet] m ?an ! diamet] ( ! ball ( e>? left r\nd ! s\nd roots2 & x %\ld be well dra9$ at ! bottom ) v small pot%r$s1 or clean gravel4 ,small ,camellias %\ld n be %ift$ (t5] ?an once 9 two ye>s2 & l>ge ones1 t is1 ^? above five feet high1 n (t5] ?an once 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s2 b if ! e>? 9 ! pot appe>s to h sunk1 a little vegetable m\ld may be laid on ! surface4 ,! usual "t = %ift+ ,camellias is j :5 !y h done fl[]+1 be=e !y are beg9n+ to s5d out _! "y %oots4 ,:5 plant$ 9 ! free gr\nd 9 a cons]vatory1 !y w require no o!r c>e ?an regul> wat]+1 & syr++ ! leaves once or twice a week4 ,:5 plant$ 9 ! op5 air1 ! roots %\ld be c>efully protect$ by /raw dur+ fro/y wea!r4 ,!re are "s ,camellias 9 ! ,vauxhall ,nurs]y1 7,messrs4 ,*&l]'s17 :i* h be5 treat$ 9 ?is mann]1 & h /ood out = sev]al ye>s4 ,! h>die/ k9ds & ! mo/ suitable = plant+ 9 ! op5 air1 are ! s+le r$1 ! d\ble r$1 & ! d\ble :ite4 ,! magnific5t ,camellia reticulata is also said to be tol]ably h>dy4 ,! t5d]e/ ( ! common k9ds are ! beautiful apple-fl[]$ v>iety ( ,c4 ,sasanqua1 & ! s+le v>iety ( ?is species1 ! fl[] ( :i* resembles t ( ! tea-plant4 ,^! plants are bo? ( l[ gr[?1 & ought always to be kept 9 pots4 ,g]aniums or ,pel>goniums4--,! beautiful gre5-h\se %rubs :i* we are accu/om$ to call ,g]aniums1 h1 9 fact1 be5 long sep>at$ f t g5us1 & =m$ into a new "o call$ ,pel>gonium4 ,! diff]5ce is 9 ! %ape ( ! se$ vessel2 t ( ! ,pel>gonium be+ l a /ork's bill1 & t ( ! ,g]anium l a crane's bill4 ,bo? are ne>ly alli$ to ! ,t\*-me-n2 & :5 ! se$ is ripe1 ! valves ( ! se$ pod bur/ asund] & curl up4 ,!re are almo/ innum]able species1 hybrids1 & v>ieties ( ,pel>goniums gr[n 9 our gre5-h\ses1 s mix$ up toge!r by hybridiz+1 t x is v difficult ev5 to class !m4 ,"o ( ! h>die/ k9ds1 :i* has num]\s desc5dants1 is ! ,horse-%oe ,g]anium1 ,pel>gonium zonale2 & ano!r1 ,p4 inqu9ans1 is ! common sc>let4 ,! rose-sc5t$ ,g]anium1 ,p4 graveol5s1 & oak-leav$1 ,p4 qu]cifolium1 ) _! num]\s desc5dants1 ! fl[]s ( :i* are all crimson1 /rip$ ) br[n s v d>k t x looks almo/ black1 are also tol]ably h>dy4 ,all ! %rubby k9ds :i* are g5]ally kept 9 gre5-h\ses1 require a ri* loamy soil1 t is1 ab\t half v rott5 dung1 & half s&y loam1 to make !m produce f9e fl[]s4 ,:5 ! fl[]+ season is ov]1 ! plants are cut d[n1 & cutt+s made f !m4 7,see page #hb47 ,:5 ^! h /ruck1 !y are pott$ 9 a compo/ ( vegetable m\ld & s&1 & cont9ue 9 ?is soil till ,febru>y or ,m>*1 :5 !y are repott$ 9 ri* soil = fl[]+4 ,"s g>d5]s ?r[ away ! old plants z soon z !y h made ! cutt+s2 b o!rs take ! old plants out ( _! pots1 & %ak+ ! e>? f !m1 prune ! roots1 & repot ! plants 9 small] pots4 ,pel>goniums require a great deal ( air2 & :5 ab\t to fl[] !y %\ld h a great deal ( wat]1 b at o!r seasons v little4 ,!y are kill$ ) ! slighte/ fro/2 & are v liable to damp (f1 if wat]$ too mu*1 & n all[$ suffici5t air 9 w9t]4 ,air is1 inde$1 q ess5tial to !m4 ,hea?s4--,! k9ds gr[n 9 gre5-h\ses are all natives ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & !y are v num]\s2 b !y may be class$ "u six heads1 :i* are nam$ f ! %ape ( _! fl[]s4 ,^! divisions are tubul>-%ap$1 v5tricose1 spread+ or salv] %ap$1 ) an inflat$ calyx1 globul>1 & ovate4 ,!y all require to be pott$ high1 & to be gr[n 9 ?ree p>ts ( peat e>? to "o ( f9e :ite s&1 or 9 :at is emphatically call$ hea? m\ld4 ,! f9e hair-l roots ( hea?s _c p5etrate a /iff loamy soil1 & manure w\ld be too gross = _! spongioles to take up4 ,! coll> ( ! plant %\ld always be above ! soil1 z x is v easily rott$ by moi/ure4 ,hea?s require good dra9age1 & frequ5t wat]+s2 & ?\gh ! wat] %\ld nev] be all[$ to /& 9 ! sauc]1 ! roots %\ld also nev] be all[$ to become q dry1 z :5 once )]$1 !y are n easily recov]$4 ,hea?s also require abundance ( free air1 & no plants are m injur$ by be+ kept 9 rooms4 ,!y %\ld n be %ift$ (t5] ?an once 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s4 ,!y are propagat$ by cutt+s tak5 f ! tips ( ! %oots1 & !n /ruck 9 pure :ite s&4 ,! pots conta9+ ! cutt+s %\ld be plung$ up to ! rim 9 a hot-b$1 & ea* %\ld be cov]$ ) a bell glass4 ,hea?s are easily kill$ by fro/1 :i* acts ^u !m by splitt+1 or r %iv]+ _! /ems4 ,v]b5as4--,no family ( plants bett] rew>ds ! c>e ( ! cultivator1 & none c be m beautiful ?an ! ,v]b5as4 ,! old sc>let ,v]b5a mel9dres1 or1 z x is frequ5tly call$1 ,v4 *amdrifolia1 is ! mo/ brilliant ( all ! k9ds1 ?\gh x is "o ( ! mo/ t5d]3 x is a pro/rate plant1 & :5 pegg$ d[n1 x is well adapt$ = cov]+ a b$ 9 a geometric fl[] g>d52 or x may be plant$ 9 a vase1 or ru/ic fl[]-basket to hang d[n ov] ! sides4 ,v]b5a ,twe$iana is an upright gr[+ plant1 & ?\gh ! fl[]s1 :i* are crimson1 are n half s brilliant z ^? ( ,v4 mel9dres1 ! plant has ! great advantage ( be+ "o ( ! h>die/ ( all ! k9ds4 ,v4 mel9dres latifolia1 & ,v4 mel4 spl5d5s are bo? h>di] ?an _! p>5t1 & !y unite its brilliant col\r1 ) ! upright habit ( ,twe$iana4 ,v4 incisa has pale p9k fl[]s1 & an upright habit ( gr[?4 ,x is tol]ably h>dy1 & gr[s freely1 b its fl[]s h a fad$ look4 ,v4 ,arraniana has an upright habit ( gr[?1 & purple fl[]s1 ) v d>k blui%-gre5 leaves4 ,x is v t5d]1 & v apt to be attack$ by a k9d ( aphis1 & o!r insects4 ,v4 ,aubletia1 ,v4 ,lamb]tii1 & ,v4 ,sab9ii are pro/rate tuft$ half h]bace\s k9ds1 all h>dy4 ,v4 ,neillii has lilac fl[]s1 & r an upright habit ( gr[?2 & ,v4 teucroides is a co>se-gr[+ plant1 ) a long spike ( :ite fl[]s1 :i* turn p9k 9 dy+ (f1 :i* has be5 mu* m prais$ ?an x des]ves4 ,!re is also a yell[i% k9d1 ,v4 sulphurea2 ,v4 v5osa1 a v /rong-gr[+ species1 ) purple fl[]s1 & _m o!r species1 hybrids1 & v>ieties4 ,all ! ,v]b5as require to be gr[n 9 s& & peat1 or hea?-m\ld1 & to be kept mod]ately wat]$3 !y all /rike readily f cutt+s or lay]s2 &1 inde$1 :5 pegg$ d[n )\t any slitt+ or twi/+1 mo/ ( ! %rubby k9ds w ?r[ out roots at e jo9t4 ,:5 worm ca/s are obs]v$ on ! surface ( ! pot1 z w v (t5 be ! case1 ! plant1 ) its ball ( e>? entire1 may be turn$ out ( ! pot1 & ! worms1 :i* w always be f\nd on ! outside ( ! ball may be pick$ (f4 ,worms d consid]able injury to plants1 especially su* z are 9 pots1 by ruptur+ ! fibres & imp$+ ! free p]colation ( ! wat]1 besides giv+ ! surface ( ! e>? 9 ! pot1 a v unpleasant appe>ance4 ,! fl[]s ( ! ,v]b5as %\ld always be cut (f z soon z !y )]4 ,! ,lemon plant1 ,v]b5a triphylla1 n[ call$ ,aloysia citriodora1 is rem>kable = ! sweetness ( ! od\r ( its leaves4 ,x is tol]ably h>dy2 b requires great c>e 9 wat]+2 z ! leaves w soon curl up & )] if x has too little1 & !y w drop (f if x has too mu*4 ,! fl[] has no beauty2 & ! only recomm5dation ( ! plant is ! delightful fragrance ( its leaves4 ,petunias may be rais$1 ei!r f se$ or cutt+s1 z !y se$ freely1 & /rike readily4 ,! fir/ k9d introduc$ 0 ! :ite-fl[]$ k9d1 ,petunia nyctag9iflora1 :i* is an abundant fl[]]1 & v fragrant4 ,petunia phnicea1 or violacea1 is ano!r orig9al species1 & f ^! ne>ly all ! myriads ( hybrids & v>ieties h aris54 ,^! ,petunias hybridize freely ) ea* o!r1 & mo/ ( ! k9ds produce abundance ( se$4 ,p4 bicolor is a diff]5t species1 & does n ei!r mix well ) ! o!rs1 or se$ freely4 ,petunias may be treat$ z annuals1 & rais$ on a slight hot-b$ e ye> f se$2 & ?us treat$1 !y w d v well 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,9 w>m dry situations1 !y may ev5 be suff]$ to s[ !mselves 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & w come up & fl[] abundantly4 ,treat$ z gre5-h\se plants1 !y are1 h[ev]1 all %rubby1 & w la/ sev]al ye>s4 ,:5 int5d$ to be kept 9 pots1 ! se$ %\ld be s[n on a slight hot-b$ 9 ,febru>y1 & ! "y plants prick$ out into v small ?umb pots1 z !y are call$1 :ile 9 ! se$ leaf4 ,9 ^! pots !y %\ld rema9 ei!r 9 ! frame ( ! hot-b$1 or 9 a room1 or gre5-h\se1 = ab\t a week or t5 days1 & !y %\ld be !n %ift$ into some:at l>g] pots4 ,^! %ift+s1 always into some:at l>g] pots1 %\ld be repeat$ six1 eight1 or t5 times1 if ! plants are want$ to be bu%y2 & n m ?an f\r1 if ! plants are wi%$ to gr[ tall4 ,! bu%y plants w fl[] abundantly1 )\t any support2 b ! tall-gr[+ plants1 :i* are suff]$ to fl[] 9 comp>atively small pots1 mu/ be tra9$ to "s k9d ( frame4 ,:5 ! tall plants appe> gr[+ too /raggl+1 ! extremities ( ! %oots %\ld be tak5 (f & made into cutt+s4 ,petunias may be gr[n 9 any good g>d5 soil2 & require no p>ticul> att5tion z to wat]+1 c4 ,9 fact1 !y are1 p]haps1 ! be/ ( all plants = a lady to cultivate2 z !y w af=d a great deal ( int]e/ & amusem5t1 ) ! lea/ possible am\nt ( tr\ble4 ,fu*sias are ano!r family ( plants t may be cultivat$ ) v little tr\ble4 ,fu*sia globosa is at once ! h>die/ & ! h&some/ k9d4 ,f4 virgata is also tol]ably h>dy4 ,all ! ,fu*sias require a light1 ri* soil1 or a mixture ( ri* s&y loam & peat2 & regul> wat]+1 z :5 ! out] roots are once )]$1 ei!r by want ( moi/ure1 or by exposure ( ! pot to ! direct rays ( ! sun1 ! plant g5]ally dies4 ,= ?is reason ! ,fu*sia is n s well adapt$ = a w9d[ plant1 z _m o!rs4 ,fu*sia fulg5s diff]s consid]ably f ! o!r species1 & w n fl[] well unless 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & ) a sunny exposure4 ,x is also tub]\s root$1 ?\gh woody 9 its /em4 ,x is easily propagat$2 & ev5 a leaf tak5 (f )\t injur+ ! "p ( ! petiole :i* 0 atta*$ to ! /em1 has be5 kn[n to gr[ & =m a plant4 ,sev]al h&some hybrids h be5 produc$1 by apply+ ! poll5 ( ,f4 fulg5s to ! /igma ( ,f4 globosa1 ,f4 conica1 & ,f4 gracilis4 ,x may "h be m5tion$1 t :5ev] hybrids are to be rais$1 by f]tiliz+ "o plant ) ! poll5 ( ano!r1 ! an!rs ( ! fl[] t is to produce ! se$1 %\ld be remov$ ) a pair ( scissors1 be=e !y bur/4 ,! poll5 f ! o!r fl[] :i* is to =m ! hybrid1 %\ld be aft]w>ds appli$ ) a camel-hair p5cil to ! /igma ( ! fl[]1 :i* is to produce ! se$2 & a bit ( ?read %\ld be ti$ r\nd ! fl[]-/alk1 9 ord] t ! se$-pod may be sav$1 & set ap>t4 ,all hybrids may be made 9 ! same mann]2 b x mu/ always be rememb]$ t fl[]s w n hybridize prop]ly1 unless !y are naturally ne>ly alli$4 ,calceol>ias4--,p]haps no plants h ev] be5 hybridiz$ m ext5sively ?an ^!4 ,! pr9cipal p>5ts ( ! num]\s & spl5did plants t we are cont9ually see+ produc$1 are ,c4 corymbosa1 & ,c4 ara*noidea1 ! "o a yell[1 & ! o!r a purple fl[]2 b !re are _m o!r species t h be5 cross$ & re-cross$ ) ^!1 s z to =m a v great v>iety4 ,c4 bicolor has a v l>ge pale yell[-&-:ite fl[]2 & x has be5 ! p>5t ( "s v f9e hybrids & v>ieties4 ,all ! calceol>ias require r a ri* soil2 & ! usual compo/ is two p>ts ( ?or\ghly rott5 dung1 "o "p ( leaf m\ld1 or old turf1 & "o "p ( :ite s&4 ,! +r$i5ts ( ?is compo/ %\ld be well mix$ toge!r1 & brok5 f9e1 b n sift$4 ,all ! ,calceol>ias require pl5ty ( wat]1 & abundance ( light & air2 & !y w all fl[] be/ :5 plant$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 v subject to be attack$ by a k9d ( aphis2 & :5 kept 9 pots1 !y %\ld be frequ5tly syr+$4 ,myrtles %\ld be gr[n 9 a soil compos$ ( peat & loam1 9 :i* ! =m] pr$om9ates2 !y %\ld be regul>ly wat]$1 & frequ5tly syr+$4 ,"s p]sons nip (f ! tips ( ! "y %oots1 to make ! plants gr[ bu%y2 & ?\gh x has ?is effect1 x is a bad practice ) ! fl[]+ k9ds1 z x prev5ts !m f fl[]+4 ,a bett] plan is to make cutt+s1 & fir/ to plant !m 9 v small pots1 gradually *ang+ !m into l>g] ones1 till ! plants h acquir$ a bu%y habit ( gr[?4 ,mimulus4--,"s ( ! k9ds ( plants ( ?is g5us are v h&some1 p>ticul>ly ! hybrids rais$ by ! nurs]ym5 f ,m4 c>d9alis1 ,m4 roseus1 ,m4 luteus1 & ,m4 guttatus4 ,^! species are all h]bace\s1 & all natives ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,mexico1 & ,cali=nia4 ,!y are all ne>ly h>dy1 & ?\gh g5]ally gr[n 9 a gre5-h\se1 !y w /& q well 9 ! op5 air1 dy+ d[n to ! gr\nd 9 w9t]1 b s5d+ up fre% & v vigor\s %oots 9 spr+4 ,:5 ^! plants are gr[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd x %\ld be 9 a %ady moi/ situation2 & :5 !y are kept 9 pots1 !y %\ld always /& 9 sauc]s half full ( wat]4 ,?is wat] %\ld1 h[ev]1 be *ang$ e day1 & :5 giv5 to ! plants x %\ld always be z ne>ly z possible1 ( ! same temp]ature z !mselves4 ,! little musk plant1 ,mimulus mos*ata1 requires ! same treatm5t z its m %[y bre?r54 ,z all ! species ( ,mimulus h be5 f\nd 9 _! native habitats gr[+ 9 co>se s& or gravel on ! br9k ( a riv]1 ?is k9d ( soil %\ld be *os5 = !m 9 pots2 & ! soil 9 :i* !y are gr[n c h>dly be too poor1 provid$ !y h abundance ( wat]4 ,9 ,*ili1 ! inhabitants eat ! leaves z a k9d ( vegetable4 ,! %rubby k9ds ( ,mimulus2 viz41 ! common monkey plant1 ,m4 luteus1 & ! sc>let-fl[]$ species1 ,m4 puniceus1 are n[ consid]$ to belong to a new g5us call$ ,diplacus4 ,!y are bo? natives ( ,cali=nia2 & 9 _! treatm5t !y %\ld be consid]$ z gre5-h\se plants1 & h r a bett] soil1 & less wat] ?an ! true k9ds ( ,mimulus4 ,hydrangea ,hort5sia is ano!r plant1 t :5 gr[n 9 a pot1 requires to h ! sauc] kept half full ( wat]4 ,!re are sev]al species1 mo/ ( :i* are h>dy %rubs1 b ,hydrangea ,hort5sia1 ! k9d usually call$ ! ,hydrangea1 is a native ( ,*9a1 & only half h>dy1 ?\gh x w live 9 ! op5 air 9 %elt]$ situations1 or ) a v slight protection4 ,?is plant 0 nam$ ,hort5sia by ! botani/ ,comm]son 9 complim5t to ,madame ,hort5se ,lapeaute1 ! wife ( a ,fr5* wat*mak]4 ,! ,hydrangea1 :5 ! col\r ( its fl[] is to be p9k1 %\ld be gr[n 9 a ri* loamy soil2 b :5 ! col\r ( ! fl[] is wi%$ to be blue x %\ld be gr[n 9 peat4 ,9 bo? cases ! plant %\ld be prun$ e ye>1 & ! old wood cut out2 s t ! wood :i* is to produce ! fl[]+ %oots %\ld nev] be m ?an two or at mo/ ?ree ye>s old4 ,cutt+s /rike readily at any season :5 ! plant is 9 a gr[+ /ate2 if put into a ri* soil & kept moi/ !y w root 9 a =tnight1 & fl[] 9 a mon?4 ,succul5t plants4--,!re are v few ?+s 9 g>d5+ respect+ :i* g>d5]s appe> m to disagree ?an 9 ! treatm5t ( succul5t plants4 ,ne>ly all ^! plants are natives ( ! s&y pla9s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 :]e !y are subject$ to alt]nate seasons ( extreme wet & extreme dryness4 ,cultivators attempt+ to imitate ?is1 h gr[n _! plants 9 poor s&y soil1 & kept !m entirely )\t wat] at "o season1 :ile !y h be5 inundat$ ) x at ano!r4 ,! fact is1 t :5 we attempt to imitate nature1 we %\ld rememb] t ! attempt is useless unless we c d s 9 e p>ticul>2 & also t ! plants we h to cultivate1 h be5 nurs$ up into s v artificial a /ate1 t if !y 7 transplant$ to _! native pla9s !y w\ld probably p]i%1 l a poor ,can>y bird1 :i* a mi/ake ( philan?ropy has turn$ out ( ! cage 9 :i* x has long liv$4 ,= ?is reason1 we mu/ adopt ! mode ( treat+ succul5ts1 :i* ! be/ g>d5]s f9d mo/ successful1 )\t tr\bl+ ourselves to discov] :y x is s diff]5t f ! natural habit ( ! plants4 ,?is mode ( treatm5t is1 !n1 to gr[ ! plants 9 a ri* loamy soil1 kept op51 z x is call$1 by ! addition ( lime rubbi%2 & to give ! plants wat] all ! ye>1 b m mod]ately :5 !y are 9 a dormant1 ?an :5 !y are 9 a gr[+ /ate4 ,!y %\ld also h z mu* air & light z possible4 ,! wat] %\ld nev] be suff]$ to /& 9 ! sauc] ( any succul5t plant2 b x %\ld be giv5 regul>ly1 dim9i%+ ! quantity a little e day z ! season = re/ approa*es4 ,if ! wat] be sudd5ly /opp$ ! leaves ( ! plants w %r9k & become flaccid1 & :5 ?is is ! case1 ! plant g5]ally dies4 ,a defici5cy ( air on ! o!r h& w cause ! plant to damp (f4 ,all succul5t plants are v soon affect$ by fro/4 ,! ,au/ralian plants1 ( :i* s _m beautiful k9ds h be5 introduc$ )9 ! la/ few ye>s1 %\ld ne>ly all be gr[n 9 a mixture ( s& & peat2 & !y %\ld h _! pots fill$ "o-?ird ) pot%r$s4 ,!y all require abundance ( wat]1 b !y w all p]i% if wat] is reta9$ ab\t _! roots4 ,mo/ ( ! ,au/ralian plants are v t5aci\s ( life1 & if cut d[n :5 !y appe> dead1 !y w g5]ally spr+ up aga9 f ! coll> or ! roots4 ,! pr9cipal climb+ plants gr[n 9 pots are ! ,maur&yas1 ! ,lophosp]mums1 ! ,passion-fl[]s1 ! ,rhodo*iton1 ! ,eccremoc>pus1 ! ,ipomz1 & ! ,coba4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 sev]al o!rs1 all ( :i* are v h&some4 ,! great] "p ( ^! require a ri* light soil to make !m gr[ rapidly1 & to be kept 9 small pots to ?r[ !m into fl[]4 ,! ,bignonias or ,tecomas %\ld be gr[n 9 equal p>ts ( loam & peat2 & ?is compo/ w suit ! ,polygalas1 & o!r %[y climb]s4 ,! ,sollyas & ,billi>di]as %\ld be gr[n 9 peat1 & frequ5tly syr+$ to keep (f ! gre5 fly4 ,! ,?unb]gias are v liable to be attack$ by ! r$ spid]4 ,_m ( ! %rubby climb]s may be treat$ z annuals1 & rais$ f se$ e ye> 9 ,janu>y1 & plant$ out 9 ,june2 b !y d /ill bett] treat$ z bi5nials1 & s[n "o ye> to fl[] ! next4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,cal5d> ,,( ,,op]ations4 ,janu>y4 ,janu>y may be call$ ! digg+ mon?1 z almo/ ! only g>d5+ op]ation t c be p]=m$ 9 x is digg+1 or r tr5*+ ! gr\nd2 & ev5 ?is _c be done unless ! wea!r be op5 & ! gr\nd free f fro/4 ,no?+ c be imag9$ m desolate ?an ! appe>ance ( ! fl[]-g>d5 9 ?is mon?4 ,p]haps ! ,*ri/mas rose may be 9 fl[]1 & a few l+]+ blossoms may rema9 on ! ,pyrus or ,cydonia japonica2 b ?is is g5]ally all1 except a few r$ b]ries t ! birds may h left on ! holly or ! pyracan?a4 ,janu>y1 h[ev]1 is an excell5t mon? = ! de/ruction ( snails & insects4 ,! snails w be f\nd 9 _! w9t] qu>t]s1 /ick+ to ! trunk ( "s ivy-clad tree1 or hidd5 b5ea? ! cop+ ( "s wall4 ,!y are q 9 a torpid /ate & appe> dead1 b might soon be reviv$ by br++ !m into a w>m room1 & spr9kl+ !m ) wat]4 ,( c\rse1 h[ev]1 if !y are to be de/roy$1 x %\ld be )\t r\s+ !m f _! /upor4 ,! eggs ( insects %\ld also be s\ght = & de/roy$4 ,^? ( ! lackey mo? w be f\nd on twigs1 fix$ firmly r\nd !m l bracelets ( small beads4 ,^! %\ld be burnt1 z !y are too h>d to be cru%$4 ,! eggs ( ! vap\r] mo? w be f\nd on ! outside ( ! cocoon1 look+ l a bag ( spid]'s eggs4 ,a v small scale-l insect w also sometimes be f\nd on ! bran*es ( ! rose-trees1 :i* %\ld be c>efully remov$4 ,inde$1 z a precaution>y measure1 x is well to bru% ! bran*es ( all ! rose-trees 9 ?is mon? ) s(t soap & wat]1 to de/roy any eggs t may be adh]+ to !m4 ,sometimes trees & %rubs are plant$ 9 ,janu>y if ! wea!r be fav\rable1 b ?is x v seldom is1 z if n fro/y x is g5]ally v wet4 ,9 ! kit*5-g>d5 ! fruit-trees & %rubs1 p>ticul>ly ! gooseb]ries1 %\ld be c>efully exam9$ = eggs ( insects2 & ! trunk & bran*es ( all suspect$ trees & %rubs %\ld be bru%$ ) s(t soap & hot wat]4 ,febru>y4 ,9 ?is mon?1 if ! wea!r be fav\rable1 ! g>d5]s 8dress0 _! b$s2 t is1 !y dig & rake !m1 manur+ !m if necess>y4 ,9 ! fl[]-g>d5 ! ,cali=nian annuals t _h /ood ! w9t] 9 "s wa/e "p ( ! g>d5 are n[ br\ght =w>d by spadefuls1 & laid ov] ! b$s int5d$ = !m4 ,! e>ly bulbs1 su* z ! sn[-drop & ! ,scot* crocus beg9 to appe>1 & "h & !re a spl5did clo? ( gold glitt]s among !m 9 its ri* yell[ & br[n4 ,! w9t] aconite & ! beautiful hepaticus are n[ 9 full glory2 & 9 %ort all nature appe>s awak5+ f ! sleep ( w9t]4 ,?is is pre-em95tly ! season = spr+ plant+2 & all ! trees & %rubs1 & ev5 h]bace\s plants t are to be remov$ are put into ! gr\nd4 ,! g>d5 rose-trees & o!r h>dy fl[]+ %rubs are prun$1 c>e be+ tak5 always to cut !m 9 a slant+ direction1 & to a bud4 ,:5 ! rose-bu%es h s5t up long untidy %oots1 e alt]nate %oot may be cut d[n to )9 a few in*es ( ! gr\nd4 ,?us treat$1 ! %oots t are left w fl[]1 & ^? t 7 cut d[n w s5d up /rong & vigor\s %oots = fl[]+ ! succe$+ ye>1 :5 ! pres5t fl[]+ /ems may be cut 94 ,! bu%es w ?us be kept ( mod]ate size1 & ( a compact habit ( gr[?1 )\t ! fl[]+ be+ mat]ially *eck$4 ,9 ,febru>y ! ranunculus roots are plant$ t are to fl[] 9 ! foll[+ ,may1 & a hot-b$ is made = ! t5d] annuals4 ,9 %ort1 ! bus9ess ( ! g>d5]'s ye> has comm5c$4 ,9 ! kit*5-g>d51 if ! wea!r be op51 ! gooseb]ries & currants %\ld be prun$1 & also su* ( ! fruit-trees z h be5 left = spr+ prun+4 ,if ! w9t] has be5 v h>d1 ! gooseb]ries & currants are left z long z possible unprun$1 because ! birds1 :5 driv5 to di/ress = want ( food1 v (t5 pick (f ! buds1 & %\ld ! numb] ( buds h be5 previ\sly dim9i%$ by prun+1 ! hopes ( ! season = a good crop ( fruit are g5]ally de/roy$4 ,radi%es & lettuce %\ld be s[n 9 ,febru>y1 & sp9age2 also ! fir/ crop ( peas & beans4 ,! /rawb]ry-b$s are prun$ & dress$1 & ! raspb]ry %oots %ort5$ & cut 94 ,m>*4 ,?is is ! s[+ mon?4 ,9 ! fl[]-g>d5 ! se$s ( h>dy annuals are s[n 9 ! op5 bord]4 ,turf is laid d[n :]e want$1 & grass-se$s are s[n4 ,rose-trees are sometimes plant$ 9 ?is mon?1 & ! climb+ k9ds are prun$ & tra9$4 ,! be/ sorts = tra9+ z pyramids ( roses are ! ,noisette & ,b\rsault k9ds1 & "s ( ! hybrid ,*9a4 ,! box edg+s are tak5 up & replant$1 & ! gravel walks are rak$ or turn$ ov]1 & new gravel add$ if requisite4 ,?is is 9 fact ! fir/ mon? t displays ! *e]fulness & brilliancy ( spr+1 = ! fl[]-g>d5 is gay ) crocuses1 & ! bees are buzz+ ab\t !m1 :ile ! birds are s++ on e tree4 ,! wea!r is (t5 v f9e & w>m 9 ,m>*2 b !re are frequ5tly fro/y nights1 dur+ :i* ! tree-peonies & o!r half-h>dy e>ly-fl[]+ %rubs %\ld be protect$ by a k9d ( beehive-l cov]+1 made suffici5tly l>ge to put on & take (f )\t injur+ ! plants4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 ^! cov]+s may be made ( platt$ ru%es sew$ toge!r1 & ! ga!r+ & platt+ !m w af=d employm5t to poor old wom5 & *ildr5 9 w9t]4 ,bi5nials1 su* z hollyhocks1 ,brompton /ocks1 c41 are g5]ally transplant$ 9 ?is mon?4 ,9 ! kit*5-g>d5 ! pr9cipal crops ( all ! cul9>y vegetables are s[n1 & potatoe sets are plant$4 ,! spr+ prun+ & plant+ are also f9i%$4 ,=e/-trees are plant$ 9 ! p>ks & pleasure-gr\nds1 & trees are cut d[n4 ,9 %ort1 9 l>ge places ,m>* & ,april probably =m ! mo/ labori\s p]iod ( ! g>d5]'s ye>4 ,april4 ,9 ! fir/ week ( ?is mon? _m g>d5]s transplant _! bi5nials1 in/ead ( putt+ !m into ! gr\nd 9 ,m>*4 ,! hollyhocks %\ld h a hole dug = ea* plant two feet deep1 at ! bottom ( :i* %\ld be ?r[n ?ree or f\r spadefuls ( /rong /able manure4 ,_m g>d5]s also plant _! dahlia-roots 9 ?is mon?1 ?\gh o!rs delay ?is op]ation till ,may1 or ev5 ,june4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! tub]s ( ! dw>f k9ds %\ld be plant$ at ab\t ?ree feet ap>t1 b ! l>g] sorts %\ld be f\r feet or five feet f ea* o!r e way4 ,! soil %\ld be 9 a s&y loam1 n too ri*1 le/ ! plants %\ld produce m leaves ?an fl[]s1 & n too poor1 le/ ! fl[]s %\ld be poor also4 ,9 plant+ ! tub]s1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to arrange !m 9 su* a mann] t ! col\rs ( ! fl[]s !y produce %all h a h>moni\s effect4 ,9 ?is mon? ! auriculases g5]ally beg9 to come into fl[] 9 pots1 & ! polyan?uses & primroses 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,tub]oses1 ! diff]5t k9ds ( gladiolus1 ! ,gu]nsey lily1 & o!r %ewy autumn-fl[]+ bulbs may be plant$ t[>ds ! end ( ,april1 or ! fir/ week 9 ,may4 ,a b$ %\ld be prep>$ = _! reception1 by digg+ ! gr\nd ab\t a foot deep1 & tak+ out ab\t half ! soil1 :i* is to be replac$ by equal p>ts ( vegetable-m\ld & well-rott$ dung4 ,:5 ?is is well dug ov] & mix$1 drills %\ld be drawn 9 x1 ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es deep & eighte5 in*es ap>t1 9 :i* ! bulbs 7aft] fir/ tak+ (f _! (fsets7 are to be plac$ ab\t n9e in*es ap>t4 ,! bulbs %\ld be made q firm 9 ! soil1 & !n cov]$ ) m\ld an in* or an in* & a half deep4 ,!y w n require any wat] till a week or t5 days aft] plant+1 :5 ! roots h begun to gr[1 b aft] t !y %\ld be wat]$ regul>ly4 ,he>tseases = autumn fl[]+ may be s[n ?is mon?1 or cutt+s may be made ( fav\rite k9ds4 ,! he>tsease requires a %ady situation1 & a ri* loamy soil1 pl5tifully suppli$ ) wat]4 ,! box edg+s may be prun$ 9 ?is mon?1 b !y %\ld nev] be clipp$4 ,a g>d5-l9e %\ld be /ret*$ along ! edg+1 at ! prop] height1 g5]ally ab\t f\r in*es f ! gr\nd1 above :i* ! highe/ po9t ( ! box %\ld n rea*2 & ! box %\ld be cut d[n to ?is l9e1 e %oot be+ cut 9 a slant+ direction to a bud1 & only e alt]nate %oot suff]$ to rea* ! l9e4 ,h>dy annuals also may be s[n 9 ?is mon?1 if ! s[+ ( !m 0 neglect$ 9 ,m>*4 ,! ornam5tal k9ds ( ,ribes & ,b]b]is w beg9 to come into fl[] ) ,magnolia conspicua1 & ! common almond4 ,9 ! kit*5-g>d51 ,april may be call$ ! graft+ mon?1 ?\gh _m g>d5]s beg9 to p]=m t op]ation 9 ,m>*4 ,9 ! cul9>y dep>tm5t1 ^? vegetables t require transplant+1 su* z cel]y1 sea-kale1 caulifl[]1 c41 are g5]ally plant$ out 9 ,april4 ,! peas & beans are ho$ up1 z are ! potatoes2 ! asp>agus & arti*oke b$s are dress$2 & ! onions1 turnips1 c41 are ?9n$4 ,if potatoes = ! ma9 crop 7 n plant$ 9 ,m>*1 !y %\ld be n[4 ,! peas %\ld be /ak$ :5 !y are ho$ up2 & ?is is ! be/ season = divid+ roots ( ?yme & o!r aromatic h]bs4 ,may4 ,9 ! fl[]-g>d51 ?is is ! mon? = plant+ out ! t5d] annuals :i* h be5 rais$ on a hotb$4 ,! se$s ( h>dy annuals may /ill be s[n1 & also ^? ( bi5nials = plant+ out ! foll[+ spr+4 ,9 ?is mon?1 ornam5tal p]5nial plants may be propagat$ by slips & cutt+s2 & if any 7 made 9 ,april = /rik+ 9 a hotb$1 !y may be transplant$4 ,! leaves ( ! rose-trees %\ld be exam9$ = a little br[n grub1 :i* infe/s !m at ?is season1 & :i* %\ld be pick$ (f & de/roy$4 ,! fl[]-g>d5 w n[ be 9 all its spl5d\r4 ,! hyac9?s w be 9 full bloom1 z w also ! diff]5t k9ds ( ,ribes1 ,b]b]is1 & ,mahonia1 among ! %rubs2 & sev]al k9ds ( ,magnolia1 ! ,judas tree1 ,edw>dsia1 c41 among ! trees4 ,! ,ponia ,m\tan w likewise exp& its magnific5t blossoms2 & ! spr+ he>tsease w be com+ into fl[]1 z w ! ,nemophilla insignis1 & sev]al ( ! o!r ,cali=nian annuals4 ,9 ! kit*5-g>d51 ! op]ations cont9ue ne>ly ! same z ! la/ mon?4 ,peas & beans may be s[n = ! late crops1 & sp9a*1 c4 ,?is is ! prop] season = s[+ kidney-beans4 ,if ! fir/ crop ( peas has n be5 /ak$1 x %\ld n[ be done1 & ! tops %\ld be tak5 (f ! common beans2 bo? may also be ho$ up4 ,! blossoms ( ! fruit-trees %\ld be exam9$1 & ^? attack$ by insects %\ld be in/antly remov$1 & ! insects !y conta9 de/roy$4 ,all leaves t are f\nd roll$ up %\ld be tak5 (f1 & de/roy$4 ,9 ! p>k & pleasure-gr\nds1 oak-trees are g5]ally fell$ 9 ,may1 because ! movem5t ( ! sap at ?is season makes ! b>k sep>ate m easily f ! wood4 ,june4 ,9 ! fl[]-g>d51 ?is is ! mon? = pip+ & lay]+ p9ks & c>nations1 & = mak+ cutt+s ( ! t5d]] k9ds ( roses4 ,! h>dy roses w be probably mu* infe/$ ) ! gre5 fly1 or aphis1 :i* %\ld be de/roy$ ) tobacco-wat]4 ,great c>e %\ld1 h[ev]1 be tak5 9 us+ x1 or ! tobacco-wat] w disfigure ! plants m ?an ev5 ! aphis itself4 ,half-a-p\nd ( ! be/ %ag tobacco %\ld be put into a gallon ( hot wat]1 & ! decoction suff]$ to /& till x is q cold4 ,! infe/$ %oots %\ld !n be dipp$ 9 ! tobacco-wat]1 & suff]$ to rema9 9 x ab\t a m9ute1 & !n imm$iately wa%$ 9 clean wat]4 ,two p]sons %\ld p]=m ?is op]ation1 "o c>ry+ a sauc] ) ! tobacco-wat]1 & ! o!r a jug ( clean wat] & a sauc]1 to wa% ! %oots imm$iately4 ,9 ! kit*5-g>d51 !re is v little to d1 except to s[ :at are call$ succession crops ( cul9>y vegetables1 & to cont9ue ! op]ations ( ! la/ mon? :]e necess>y4 ,june is1 inde$1 r a mon? ( enjoym5t 9 a g>d51 ?an "o ( lab\r4 ,! fruit-trees1 h[ev]1 may be prun$ or disbudd$ ( _! summ] %oots2 & t[>ds ! end ( ! mon?1 budd+ comm5ces4 ,july4 ,! bulbs ( hyac9?s & tulips are g5]ally tak5 up 9 ?is mon?1 & put 9 to a prop] place to dry2 z are ! tub]s ( ranunculuses & anemones4 ,! /alks ( ^? h]bace\s plants t h done fl[]+ %\ld be cut d[n1 t !y may s5d up fre% %oots1 & produce a second set ( fl[]s4 ,! dead roses1 c41 %\ld be cut away z soon z !y fade1 z no?+ m completely de/roys ! beauty ( a fl[]-g>d5 ?an a numb] ( dead fl[]s m+l$ ) ! newly-exp&$ ones4 ,cutt+s ( v]b5as1 & o!r gre5h\se1 or w9d[ plants may be made ?is mon?2 & ^? t 7 made e>ly 9 spr+1 may be plant$ 9 ! b$s to supply ! place ( ! bulbs1 & o!r plants t h q done fl[]+4 ,roses1 p9ks1 & c>nations are 9 _! greate/ spl5d\r 9 ,june & ,july4 ,roses are g5]ally budd$ 9 ?is mon?2 ?\gh1 if ! wea!r be moi/1 any "t w d f ,june to ,septemb]4 ,! ess5tial po9t is to h ! wea!r suffici5tly moi/ & w>m to /imulate ! dormant action ( ! bud4 ,9 ! kit*5-g>d5 ! %allots %\ld be tak5 up2 b 9 o!r respects !re is no?+ p>ticul> to d--except ! r\t9e culture ( keep+ ! g>d5 neat1 & s[+ ! se$s ( cul9>y vegetables = succession4 ,augu/4 ,! box edg+s are aga9 prun$ 9 ?is mon? z !y 7 9 spr+4 ,! p9ks & c>nations hav+ n[ done fl[]+1 %\ld h ! lay]s :i* 7 made 9 ,june cut away if !y h root$2 & "s ,g]man /ocks1 & o!r plants :i* h be5 purposely rais$ 9 pots1 %\ld be plant$ among/ ! c>nations1 to prev5t ! b$s f look+ b>e ( fl[]s4 ,! se$s ( mo/ ( ! annual fl[]s are n[ ripe1 & %\ld be ga!r$4 ,! ev]gre5s & o!r plants 9 ! %rubb]ies %\ld be prun$1 & _! summ] %oots cut 91 if !y h be5 too luxuriant4 ,! bulbs ( cr[n imp]ials1 lilies1 & all ! scaly k9ds1 :i* g5]ally rema9 sev]al ye>s 9 ! gr\nd )\t tak+ !m up1 %\ld be plant$ 9 ?is mon?4 ,!y w gr[ "u ! %ade ( trees1 & 9 any situation n too dry4 ,if too mu* expos$ to ! sun1 ! fl[]s w fade almo/ z soon z !y exp&4 ,scaly bulbs t h be5 long plant$1 may also be tak5 up1 _! (fsets tak5 (f1 & ! bulb remov$ to a new situation2 b no scaly bulb %\ld be kept long out ( ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! kit*5-g>d5 ?is is ! ga!r+ mon?1 z mo/ ( ! fruits & vegetables are n[ ripe4 ,septemb]4 ,! dahlias are n[ ! pr9cipal ornam5t ( ! fl[] g>d52 & !y %\ld be kept neatly ti$ up1 & all ! dead fl[]s remov$ z soon z !y fade4 ,! autumn fl[]+ bulbs are n[ 9 full blossom2 & all ! gre5h\se & frame plants t 7 turn$ out are also 9 fl[]4 ,! b$s = hyac9?s & o!r spr+ bulbs %\ld be dug ov] & manur$4 ,9 ! kit*5-g>d51 sp9a* may be s[n = use 9 spr+2 & ! potatoes & o!r roots %\ld be tak5 up4 ,?is is consid]$ ! be/ mon? = plant+ /rawb]ries4 ,! wall-fruit w require protection f birds1 wasps1 & flies4 ,"s wor/$ tw9$ backw>ds & =w>ds f project+ nails1 is said to be ! be/ protection f birds2 & bottles ( sug> & wat] hung f ! twigs w attract ! wasps & flies f ! fruit4 ,aft] ! fruit ( ! wall-trees is ga!r$1 ! bord]s are usually lightly =k$ ov]1 & :at is call$ a top-dress+ ( fre% compo/ is spread ov] !m4 ,octob]4 ,9 ! fl[]-g>d5 ! t5d] gre5h\se plants %\ld be tak5 up4 ,se$s ( ! h>dy annuals t w /& ! w9t] %\ld be s[n1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! he>tsease1 rocket-l>kspur1 coreopsis1 ,es*s*oltzia1 & all ! cali=nian annuals4 ,! be/ way ( manag+ ^! is to *oose a portion ( h>d gr\nd on :i* a little light e>?1 six or eight in*es deep1 has be5 laid2 9 ?is ! se$s %\ld be s[n1 & ! "y plants w be ready to remove by spadefuls to ! b$s prep>$ = !m 9 spr+4 ,?is is ! be/ season = plant+ hyac9?s1 tulips1 crocuses1 & o!r bulbs & corms1 & ! diff]5t v>ieties ( ,anemone hort5sis2 tak+ c>e :5 plant+ ! latt] to keep ! eye ( ! tub] upp]mo/4 ,all ! k9ds ( ,ponies1 z well ! ,ponia ,m\tan z ! h]bace\s species1 %\ld be plant$ 9 ?is mon?4 ,! leaves t fall 9 great abundance 9 ,octob] & ,novemb] %\ld be regul>ly swept up1 & c>ri$ to a rott+ heap1 t !y may decay1 & make ! e>? s valuable to flori/s1 :i* is g5]ally call$ vegetable m\ld4 ,9 ! kit*5-g>d5 ! rema9+ fruit %\ld be ga!r$4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! mon? "s fruit-trees may be plant$ if _! leaves h dropp$2 & ! autumnal prun+ may beg91 unless ! trees %\ld be /ill 9 a gr[+ /ate4 ,novemb]4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is mon? ! appe>ance ( ! fl[]-g>d5 is extremely desolate4 ,! dahlias h g5]ally be5 s]i\sly injur$ by ! fro/1 b n q s mu* s z to w>rant _! removal2 & a few l+]+ fl[]s ( o!r k9ds recal melan*oly ideas ( :at has be51 b is pass$4 ,a mild ,novemb] is inde$ ! old age ( ! floral ye>2 & a %>p fro/ t kills all ! rema9+ fl[]s is felt positively z a relief4 ,! tub]s ( ! dahlias %\ld be tak5 up z soon z ! fro/ has *ang$ _! fl[]s4 ,! names %\ld be atta*$ to ! roots by /r+1 or ! ,*e/] metallic wire2 & !y %\ld be laid on dry bo>ds 9 a cell>1 & cov]$ ) s&1 or 9 "s dry place1 n too w>m1 9 a gre5-h\se4 ,! temp]ature at :i* !y %\ld be kept1 %\ld be betwe5 #ce & #de4 ,! autumn-fl[]+ bulbs %\ld be tak5 up 9 ! same mann]1 & kept 9 dry s& or moss4 ,all ! plants t require protection1 %\ld be c>efully cov]$ or matt$ up4 ,9 ! kit*5-g>d5 ! b$s %\ld be cle>$ ( all haulm1 c41 & dug ov] & dress$2 & ! trees :i* 7 n be=e plant$ %\ld be put into ! gr\nd4 ,decemb]4 ,?is mon? is a p]fect blank bo? = ! fl[] & ! fruit g>d52 except = collect+ soils1 mak+ compo/s1 prep>+ labels = names or numb]s1 /icks or /akes = ty+ up plants1 nails & li/ = fa/5+ !m2 & 9 mild wea!r1 = prun+ ! l>g] & m h>dy decidu\s trees & %rubs1 c4 ,,index4 ,a ,acacia se$s1 way to make !m vegetate1 #fi ,ac>us tel>ius1 or ! r$ spid]1 #cec ,adjutages = f\nta9s1 #cdf ,almond trees1 k9ds & culture1 #bcf ,aloysia citriodora1 culture (1 #cfc ,am]ican blight1 mode ( remov+1 #bbj ,anemones1 culture (1 #bif diff]5t k9ds (1 #bie ,annual fl[]s1 culture (1 #bed ,aphis1 or gre5 fly1 mode ( de/roy+1 #cec season = de/roy+1 #che ,apples1 k9ds & culture (1 #bah ,apricots1 be/ k9ds & culture1 #bjh ,april1 op]ations 91 #chj ,arboretums1 #cae ,arti*okes1 #adi ,asp>agus b$s1 #add diff]5t k9ds (1 #ade insects on1 #adg soil =1 #ade ,augu/1 op]ations 91 #chg ,auriculas1 #bfb ,au/ralian plants1 #cgb ,ayr%ire roses1 #cbf ,b ,b>b]ries1 #bdb ,baulk 9 dug gr\nd1 :at x is1 #af ,beans1 k9ds & culture (1 #afg ,b$ = bulbs1 mode ( prep>+1 #cha ,beet1 r$1 #agf ,bi5nial fl[]s1 culture (1 #bfj "t = transplant+1 #cgi ,birds1 ^? :i* d mo/ injury to g>d5s1 #abc ,black e>?1 cause ( its inf]tility1 #be rem$y =1 #bh ,bl5heim1 rock "w at1 #ccj ,blot*es on leaves1 cause (1 #cee ,boil+ se$s1 #fi ,borecole1 #afb ,box edg+s1 mode ( clipp+1 #chb to plant1 #adb season = plant+1 #cgh summ] prun+ (1 #chg ,brocoli1 #afa ,brussels' spr\ts1 #aeh ,budd+ knife1 #ib ,budd+1 mode ( p]=m+1 #hh po9ts to be att5d$ to1 #ib "t = p]=m+ on rose-trees1 #chg ,bulbs1 #bgg analogy betwe5 !m & se$s1 #dh diff]5t k9ds (1 #di mode ( plant+1 #dg1 #di "t = tak+ up1 #chf tunicat$1 b$ =1 #ej ,bury+ manure1 #ag ,c ,cabbage tribe1 #aee ,cacti1 cutt+s (1 #hf ,calc>e\s loam1 #cc ,calceol>ias1 culture (1 #cfg k9ds (1 #cfg ,cali=nian annuals1 k9ds (1 #beh treatm5t (1 #cgf1 #cij ,camellias1 *oice1 *ang$ to s+le r$1 #if culture (1 #ced h>die/ k9ds (1 #ceg ,cank] 9 apple-trees1 cause (1 #bai1 #bbj ,c>nations1 cultivation (1 #bfe ,c>rots1 k9ds & culture (1 #agd ,caulifl[]1 culture (1 #aei ,cel]y1 culture (1 #ahd ,*alk1 its defects & m]its z a soil1 #cb ,*]ries1 #baj ,*e/nuts1 #bcc ,*iccory1 #ahc ,*ives1 #ahj ,*rysan!mums1 #bgc ,clay1 its nature1 & mode ( improv+1 #cb ,cleft graft+1 #ajj ,climb+ plants1 #cgc roses1 #cbf ,cold manures1 #ch ,coleworts1 #aeg ,coll>1 or collet ( a plant1 #bc ,colurna hazel1 #bcf ,compo/ = c>nations1 #bff ,con/ant9ople nut1 #bcf ,corms1 :at !y are1 & mode ( treat+1 #bic ,cranb]ries1 #bdc ,crocuses1 culture (1 #bic :5 !y fir/ appe>1 #cgf ,cropp+1 #adc ,crops1 p]man5t1 #add tempor>y1 rotation (1 #aec ,cr[n graft+1 #ajj ,cr[n imp]ial1 "t = plant+1 #chh ,cr[n ( a plant1 #bc ,cucumb]s1 culture (1 #ahi = pickl+1 #aia ,cutt+ d[n plants bel[ ! graft1 #if ,cutt+s1 mode ( mak+1 #gi pr9cipal po9ts to be att5d$ to 9 mak+1 #hg ,currants1 #bdj season = prun+1 #cgg ,d ,dahlias1 culture (1 #bif diff]5t k9ds (1 #bii mode ( budd+1 #ia modes ( tra9+1 #bih soil =1 #bih tub]s (1 to keep1 #cia :5 to plant1 #chj ,dead fl[]s1 to be remov$1 #chf leaves1 use (1 #cij ,decemb]1 op]ations 91 #cib ,decidu\s trees1 "t = transplant+1 #ec ,delicate plants1 cutt+s (1 to /rike1 #hc ,d]by arboretum1 #cba ,digg+ b$s1 mode ( p]=m+1 #ad mode ( p]=m+ by a g>d5]1 #g1 #ab by a lady1 #i1 #ab purposes us$ =1 #ac season =1 #ac1 #cgd uses (1 #a1 #f ,disbudd+1 #aac season =1 #chf ,dug gr\nd 9 %rubb]ies1 to conceal1 #cai ,dw>f fruit-trees1 #bja ,e ,e>?+ up1 9 :at cases x may be appli$1 #bc ,e>?s1 ! ?ree primitive1 #bh ,eggs ( insects1 :5 to de/roy1 #cge ,eld]1 #bbi ,endive1 #ahb ,espali]s1 tra9+ (1 #bab ,ev5ness ( surface1 necessity ( att5d+ to 9 digg+1 #af ,ev]gre5 roses1 #cbf ,excrem5titi\s matt]1 #aec ,f ,febru>y1 op]ations 91 #cgf ,fell+ trees1 season =1 #chd ,fibr\s roots1 #ea ,fig-trees1 #baa ,filb]t1 #bcd ,fix+ by wat]1 #ei ,flori/s' fl[]s1 #bfb ,fl[] g>d51 #bdd ,fl[]s1 culture (1 #bed ,flute graft+1 #ia ,=k+1 uses (1 #bj ,f\nta9s1 mode ( con/ruct+1 #cdd ,fr5*1 or ,prov9s roses1 #cbe ,fruit bord]1 con/ruction (1 #aig ,fruit %rubs1 #bcg ,fruit-trees1 mode ( plant+1 #aih ,fu*sias1 culture (1 #cfe h>die/ k9ds1 #cfe ,fumigator1 #abh ,furr[s =m$ 9 digg+1 #af ,g ,g>d5 walls1 mode ( =m+1 #aif use (1 #aii ,g>lic1 mode ( gr[+1 #ahj ,ga!r+ mon?1 #chh ,gauntlet = a lady to save h] h&s1 #aj ,g]aniums1 or pel>goniums1 cutt+s (1 #hb k9ds (1 #ceg ,gooseb]ries1 #bch season = prun+1 #cgg ,g\rds1 #aib ,graft+ clay & graft+ wax1 #ajg ,graft+ mon?1 #chb ,graft+1 modes ( p]=m+1 #ig nature (1 #id po9ts to be att5d$ to 9 p]=m+1 #ajh season =1 #if uses (1 #aji ,grasses1 diff]5t k9ds (1 #cjb k9ds to be avoid$ 9 s[+ lawns1 #caa quantity necess>y p] acre = s[+ a lawn1 #cjg soil =1 #cjc suitable = lawns1 #cjd ,grass se$s1 "t = s[+1 #cab ,gravel walks1 to make1 #aci :5 to r5ovate1 #cgh ,gre5 fly1 #cec mode ( de/roy+1 #che ,gre5h\se1 managem5t ( plants 91 #cec ,grubs on rose-trees1 :5 to look =1 #chc ,gu]nsey lily1 treatm5t (1 #bib :5 to plant1 #cha ,h ,he>tseases1 #bgj = autumn fl[]+1 #cha ,hea? m\ld1 imitation (1 #cei nature (1 #ca ,hea?s1 culture (1 #cfj cutt+s (1 #cfj diff]5t k9ds (1 #cei mode ( pott+1 #cfj %ift+1 :5 necess>y1 #cfj ,heat1 av]age degree (1 = diff]5t k9ds ( hotb$s1 #da ,h]bace\s graft+1 #aja ,hiccories1 diff]5t k9ds (1 #bcc ,hoe+1 diff]5t k9ds (1 #ba uses (1 #ba ,hollyhocks1 treatm5t (1 #chj ,hoole ne> ,*e/]1 rockwork at1 #cbi1 #ccb ,horse-radi%1 #aeb ,hotb$s = t5d] annuals1 :5 to make1 #cgg ( /able dung1 mode ( mak+1 #ci1 #dj ( tan or decay$ leaves1 #da to make look neat1 #db ,hot manures1 #ch ,hot wat] = plants1 #fi ,humboldt's me?od ( obta9+ lay]s1 #gh ,hyac9?s1 culture (1 #bhd ,dut* mode ( treat+1 #bhi exhibition (1 at ,%eph]d's ,bu%1 #bhc =m+ a b$ =1 #ej gr[+ 9 glasses1 #ej manure =1 #bia plant+ 9 pots & boxes1 #bia propagation (1 #bij rotation (1 ) o!r bulbs1 #bib "t = tak+ up ! bulbs1 #chf ,hybridiz+1 mode ( p]=m+1 #cff ,hydrangea1 culture (1 #cfi orig9 ( ! specific "n1 #cgj ,i ,implem5ts = digg+1 #aj ,in>*+1 or graft+ by approa*1 #ajc ,insects1 eggs (1 :5 to se>* =1 #cge l>va (1 #abd on plants 9 pots1 #cec ,ivy1 tra9+ ov] ! gr\nd1 #cai ,j ,janu>y1 op]ations 91 #cgd ,j]usalem arti*oke1 #agc ,june1 op]ations 91 #che ,july1 op]ations 91 #chf ,k ,kale1 #afb ,k]nel fruits1 #bah ,kidney beans1 culture (1 #afi "t = s[+1 #chd ,kit*5 g>d51 =m & arrangem5t (1 #ace soil =1 #acf walks 91 #acg ,l ,lady's gauntlet1 #aj spade1 #i mode ( keep+ 9 a prop] /ate = use1 #ac ,lady's :eelb>r[1 #aa ,l&scape sc5es 9 pleasure gr\nds1 #caf ,lawns1 managem5t (1 #cja manure =1 #caa m[+ (1 #caj ,lay]s1 ,*9ese1 #gf modes ( mak+1 #gc "t = sep>at+ f ! p>5t plant1 #chg ,lay+ out a fl[] g>d51 #bde pleasure gr\nds1 #cac ,lay+ plants 9 by ! heels1 #fa ,leaves1 dead1 use ( sweep+ up1 #cij ,leeks1 mode ( gr[+1 #agi ,legum9\s tribe1 #afc ,lemon sc5t$ v]b5a1 #cfc ,lettuces1 #aha ,light1 effect (1 on plants1 #dg ,lime1 h[ *ang$ into *alk1 #cb ,lime wat]1 #abi ,liquid manure1 #ch ,long litt]1 :at x consi/s (1 #ci ,m ,m>joram1 #ahh ,manures1 diff]5t k9ds (1 #cc1 #cg mode ( prep>+ = use1 #cc modes ( apply+1 #cd suitable to diff]5t soils1 #ce ,m>*1 op]ations 91 #cgh ,may1 op]ations 91 #chc ,m$l>1 #bbg ,melons1 #aia ,mimulus1 culture (1 #cfi diff]5t k9ds (1 #cfh ,m9t1 #ahh ,moss h\ses1 mode ( con/ruct+1 #ccg mosses suitable =1 #cch ,moss-roses1 culture (1 #cbc ,moss1 to de/roy on lawns1 #cab ,m[+ ( lawns1 #caj ,mulb]ry1 #bbg ,mu%rooms1 #aic ,mu/>d & cress1 #ahc ,myrtles1 cultivation (1 #cfg ,n ,nail+ aga9/ a wall1 #abj ,neck ( a plant1 #bc ,nect>9es1 be/ k9ds & culture1 #bjc ,norbiton ,hall1 rock "w1 #cca ,novemb]1 op]ations 91 #cia ,o ,octob]1 op]ations 91 #chi ,(fsets1 plants t produce !m1 #ga1 #gb ,ongu5t de ,/e4 ,fiacre1 #ajg ,onions1 #agh ,p ,ponia ,m\tan1 ! tree ,pony1 "t = plant+1 #cij ,p>snips1 #agf ,pea*es1 be/ k9ds1 & culture1 #bjc ,pe> trees1 #bbj cause ( _! n be>+1 #bba mode ( prun+1 #bbc ,peas1 k9ds & culture (1 #afc "t = s[+1 #cgh1 #chd ,peat-bog or moss1 diff]5ce betwe5 x & a quagmire1 & betwe5 x & hea? m\ld1 #cj ,peat e>?1 its nature1 & h[ =m$1 #cj soils1 mode ( improv+1 #cf ,peccane nut1 #bcb ,pel>goniums1 cutt+s (1 #hb diff]5t k9ds (1 #ceh ,p]5nial fl[]s1 mode ( propagat+1 #bfj ,p]man5t cropp+1 #add ,p]petual roses1 culture (1 #cbd ,petunias1 culture (1 #cfd k9ds (1 #cfc ,pill>s ( roses1 #cbf ,p9ks1 #bfi ,pip+s ( p9ks & c>nations1 #hf seasons = mak+1 #che ,pits = *oice plants1 mode ( prep>+1 #ai ,plantations1 mode ( ?ick5+1 #cbd ,plant+ bulbs & tub]s1 #dh fruit trees1 #aih 9 pleasure gr\nds1 #cad %rubs too ?ickly1 evils (1 #cbj ,plants t are unfit = transplant+1 #ee t w be> e>?+ up1 #bb :i* c be budd$ on ea* o!r1 #ic ,plants 9 pots1 managem5t (1 #cdg soil =1 #cea wat]+ (1 #cdh ,pleasure gr\nds1 to lay out1 #cac ,plums1 #bji ,po9t+1 or %all[ digg+1 uses (1 #ag ,polyan?us1 #bfd ,pomegranates1 mode ( ?r[+ !m into fruit1 #bcj ,potatoes1 #aga :5 to plant1 #cgi ,pot h]bs1 #ahf ,pots1 d\ble = cutt+s1 #he :5 too l>ge1 injuri\s1 #cej ,pot%r$s1 :at !y are1 & use (1 #cea ,pott+ plants1 mode ( p]=m+1 #cea ,primrose1 #bfe ,propagat+ plants1 modes (1 #gj ,protect+1 #bja f fro/1 #aba ,protection1 cov]+s =1 mode ( mak+1 #cgi ,prun+1 be/ mode ( p]=m+ ! op]ation1 #aaa gooseb]ries & currants1 #cgg season = g5]ally1 #aac to improve ! =m ( a tree1 #aad to produce fl[]s or fruit1 #aae use ( g5]ally1 #aad scissors1 #aab %e>s1 #aaj ,puddl+ transplant$ trees1 #ei ,pyramids ( roses1 #cbf k9ds =1 #cgh ,q ,qu9ce1 be/ situation =1 #bbf ,r ,radi%es1 #agg :5 to s[1 #cgh ,rakes1 diff]5t k9ds (1 #bc ,rak+1 mode ( p]=m+1 #bd uses (1 #bc ,ranunculus1 culture (1 #bid :5 to plant1 #cgg ,raspb]ries1 #bda ,r$leaf1 rock "w at1 #ccj ,r$ spid]1 #cec ,remov+ l>ge trees1 #fc ,r5ovat+ /reet g>d5s1 #be ,repott+ camellias1 #cef plants1 mode ( do+1 #cea ,rhub>b1 k9ds (1 & culture1 #aea ,rid]s1 k9ds ( trees s call$1 #bja ,ridg+1 uses (1 #ai ,rock "w1 diff]5t k9ds (1 #cbi mode ( con/ruct+1 #ccd rules respect+1 #cce ,roots1 nature (1 #c1 #d slips f1 #gb treatm5t ( 9 transplant+1 #ec1 #eh1 #fj uses (1 #c1 #ea ,roses1 cutt+s (1 #hd "t = mak+ cutt+s1 #che culture (1 #cbb1 #cbh diff]5t k9ds (1 #cbc mode ( budd+1 #ij ,rose trees1 "t = prun+1 #cgg ,rotation ( crops1 #aec ,rules = transplant+1 #ef ,rules to be obs]v$ 9 manur+1 #cg ,runn]s1 #gb ,ru/ic baskets1 #cdb ,s ,sage1 #ahg ,salad plants1 #aha1 #ahd ,salsify1 #agf ,s&1 use ( = cutt+s1 #ha ,s&y soils1 mode ( improv+1 #ca ,sauc]s1 plants g5]ally bett] )\t1 #ced :5 to be kept full ( wat]1 #cdi ,sav\ry & basil1 #ahi ,savoys1 #aeh ,scaly bulbs1 treatm5t (1 #chh ,scorzon]a1 #agf ,scot* roses1 #cbe ,sea kale1 #adg ,seats 9 a g>d51 or pleasure gr\nd1 #cda ,se$s1 dang] ( bury+ !m too deeply1 #de g]m9ation (1 #b po9ts to be att5d$ to 9 s[+1 #dc "t = ga!r+1 #chg :at is necess>y to make !m vegetate1 #df ,septemb]1 op]ations 91 #chh ,%ad+1 use ( aft] transplant+1 #ec ,%allots1 difficulty ( gr[+1 #ahj "t = tak+ up1 #chg ,%ift+ or repott+ plants1 mode ( p]=m+1 #cea "t =1 #ceb use (1 #cej ,%rubs1 ornam5tal1 #cae ,silex1 its nature1 #bh ,simple digg+1 mode ( p]=m+1 #ad ,skirret1 #agf ,slips1 #he ,slugs1 #aca ,snails & slugs1 #aca :5 to se>* =1 #cge ,soil fit = plants1 #bg diff]5t k9ds (1 #bh = *oice plants1 h[ to introduce1 #bj = plants 9 pots1 #cea mo/ productive1 #ca mode ( mix+1 #cjh wea!r to be done 91 #cjh ,sorrel1 #agg ,s[+ mon?1 #cgh se$s1 pr9cipal po9ts to be att5d$ to respect+1 #dc ,spade1 k9d (1 suitable = a lady1 #i ,sp9a*1 #agg ,spitful1 mean+ ( ! t]m1 #g ,spongioles1 #d1 #eb ,spr+ plant+1 #cgg prun+1 #cgg ,/&>d fruit trees1 #bae ,/irr+ ! soil1 uses (1 #b1 #f ,/one fruits1 #bjc ,/ools1 #ge ,/rawb]ries1 k9ds (1 #adi soil =1 #aej "t = plant+1 #chi ,/reet g>d5s1 mode ( improv+1 #be ,subsoil1 :at compos$ (1 #bh ,succory1 #ahc ,succul5t plants1 #cgj ,suck]s1 plants t produce !m1 #ga ,summ] prun+1 #aac1 #chf ,surface soil1 nature (1 #bh ,sweet h]bs1 #ahg ,william1 #bfi ,syon1 rock "w at1 #cca ,t ,tap-root$ plants1 mode ( treat+1 :5 transplant$1 #ee ,t>t rhub>b1 #aea ,te>s ( ! v9e1 #aad ,tempor>y crops1 #aec ,t5d] annuals1 #beg "t = plant+ out1 #chc ,t5d] roses1 #cbg ,?yme1 #ahg :5 to divide ! roots1 #chc ,tobacco wat]1 h[ to make1 & mode ( apply+1 #che ,tomatoes1 #aib graft$ on potatoes1 #ajc ,tra9+1 #aah ,transplant+1 pr9cipal po9ts to be att5d$ to1 #ea :at plants w be> x1 #ed uses (1 #eg ,trees1 ornam5tal1 #cae remov+ l>ge ones1 #fb ,tr5*+ too lab\ri\s = ladies1 #ah ,tr[el1 :5 useful1 #bc ,tub]oses1 :5 to plant1 #cha ,tub]s1 mode ( plant+1 #dg1 #di "t = tak+ up1 #chf1 #cia ,tulips1 culture (1 #bha k9ds (1 #bgi ,turf1 mode ( lay+ d[n1 #cji :5 to lay d[n1 #cgh ,turnips1 k9ds & culture (1 #agc ,u ,uses ( transplant+1 #ef ,v ,van ,mons1 !ory (1 z reg>ds pe>-trees1 #bbe ,vegetable m\ld1 #cg1 #cij ,v]b5a1 lemon sc5t$1 cutt+s (1 #hj sc>let1 lay]s (1 #gd triphylla1 #cfc ,v]b5as1 culture (1 #cfb k9ds (1 #cfa "t = mak+ cutt+s1 #chg ,w ,walks 9 pleasure gr\nds1 #cab to make1 #aci to r5ovate1 #adb ,wall fruit trees1 #aih k9ds (1 #bjb modes ( protect+1 #bja1 #chi ,walls1 con/ruction (1 #aie use ( 9 g>d5s1 #afi ,walnut1 #bca ,wat] cress1 mode ( cultivat+1 #ahe ,wat]+ plants :5 ! sun %9es1 effect (1 #fg mann] ( apply+ to diff]5t plants1 #fd quantity to be giv5 at diff]5t times1 #ff "t =1 #fg use (1 #fc use ( aft] transplant+1 #ed ,wat]1 ! be/ k9d ( = plants1 #fh ,we$s1 de/roy+ by hoe+1 #bb ,weep+ a%1 mode ( tra9+1 #cba ,:eelb>r[ = a lady1 #aa ,:ip graft+1 #ii ,w9d[ g>d5+1 #cdg ,wire frames1 #cdd ,worm ca/s1 bad effects (1 #cfb ,worms1 to de/roy1 on lawns1 #cab ,y ,yell[ rose1 culture (1 #cbf ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,italics are %[n ?us3 slop+4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation are reta9$4 ,p]ceiv$ typographical errors h be5 *ang$4