,ver4#jd4bi4ic99;,,end99 ,,editorials from the ,,hearst ,,newspapers ,arthur ,brisbane ,,contents ,why ,are ,all ,men ,gamblers8 ,no ,man ,understands ,iron ,we ,long for ,immortal ,imperfection--,we ,can't ,have ,it4 ,three ,water-,drops ,converse ,did ,we ,once ,live on the ,moon8 ,william ,henry ,channing's ,symphony ,the ,existence of ,god--,parable of the ,blind ,kittens ,have the ,animals ,souls8 ,jesus' ,attitude ,toward ,children ,study of the ,character of ,god ,the ,fascinating ,problem of ,immortality ,discontent the ,motive ,power of ,progress ,the ,automobile ,will ,make ,us ,more ,human ,let ,us ,be ,thankful ,the ,harm ,that ,is ,done by ,our ,friends ,shall ,we ,tame and ,chain the ,invisible ,microbe ,as ,we ,now ,chain ,niagara8 ,the ,elephant ,that ,will ,not ,move ,has ,better ,excuses ,than ,we ,have for ,folly ,displayed ,let ,us ,be ,thankful ,what ,will #iii ,years ,mean to the ,human ,race8 ,the ,azores--,a ,small ,lost ,world in a ,universe of ,water ,no ,napoleonic ,chess ,player on an ,air ,cushion ,a ,girl's ,face in the ,gaslight ,the ,criminal ,class ,the ,wonderful ,magnet ,who ,is ,independent8 ,nobody ,when ,we ,begin ,using ,land ,under the ,oceans ,where ,your ,body ,came ,from ,how ,marriage ,began ,man's ,willingness to ,work ,the ,human ,brain ,beats the ,coal ,mines ,how the ,other ,planets ,will ,talk to ,us ,shall ,we ,do ,without ,sleep ,some ,day8 ,the ,three ,best ,things in the ,world ,the ,value of ,solitude ,there ,should ,be a ,monument to ,time ,a ,mother's ,work and ,her ,hopes ,your ,work ,is ,your ,brain's ,gymnasium ,the ,steeple1 ,moving ,like the ,hand of a ,clock ,cultivate ,thought-,teach ,your ,brain to ,work ,early ,the ,wind ,does ,not ,rule ,your ,destiny ,one of the ,many ,corpses in the ,johnstown ,mine ,limiting the ,amount of a ,day's ,work ,catching a ,red-,hot ,bolt ,the ,trusts and the ,union--,how ,do ,they ,differ8 ,france ,has ,learned ,her ,lesson ,union ,men as ,slave ,owners ,again the ,limited ,day's ,work ,to the ,merchants ,what ,about the ,chinese1 ,kind ,sir8 #aej against #aej1jjj--,we ,favor the #aej1jjj ,to-day's ,world-,struggle ,white-,rabbit ,millionaires and ,other ,things ,no ,happiness ,save in ,mental and ,physical ,activity ,the ,owner of a ,golden ,mountain ,the ,human ,weeds in ,prison ,crime ,is ,dying ,out ,the ,value of ,poverty to the ,world #fjj ,teachers ,now1 #fjj1jjj ,good ,americans in the ,future ,education--,the ,first ,duty of ,government ,poverty ,is the ,father of ,vice1 ,crime and ,failure ,the ,importance of ,education ,proved in ,lincoln's ,case ,knowledge ,is ,growth ,a ,whiskey ,bottle ,those ,who ,laugh at a ,drunken ,man ,law ,cannot ,stop ,drunkenness--,education ,can ,the ,drunkard's ,side of ,it ,drink a ,slow ,poison ,to ,those ,who ,drink ,hard--,you ,have ,slipped the ,belt ,try ,whiskey on ,your ,friend's ,eyeball ,what ,are the ,ten ,best ,books8 ,the ,marvelous ,balance of the ,universe--,a ,lesson in the ,texas ,flood ,the ,earth ,is ,only a ,front ,yard ,last ,week's ,baby ,will ,surely ,talk ,some ,day ,the ,good ,that ,is ,done by the ,trusts ,trusts and the ,senate ,the ,promising ,toad's ,head ,trusts ,will ,drive ,labor ,unions ,into ,politics ,the ,trusts ,are ,national ,school ,teachers ,a ,woman to ,be ,pitied ,when ,will ,woman's ,mental ,life ,begin8 ,the ,cow ,that ,kicks ,her ,weaned ,calf ,is ,all ,heart ,respectable ,women ,who ,listen to ,faust ,why ,women ,should ,vote ,astronomy- ,woman's ,future ,work ,woman's ,vanity ,is ,useful ,to ,editorial ,writers--,adopt ,ruskin's ,main ,idea ,imagination ,without ,dreaming the ,secret of ,material ,success ,the ,one ,who ,needs ,no ,statue ,the ,vast ,importance of ,sleep ,woman ,sustains1 ,guides and ,controls the ,world ,the ,story of the ,complaining ,diamond ,don't ,be in a ,hurry1 ,young ,gentlemen hen the ,baby ,changed ,into a ,fourteen-year-old ,the ,eye ,that ,weighs a ,ton ,what ,animal ,controls ,your ,spirit8 ,from ,mammoths to ,mosquitoes--,from ,murder to ,hypocrisy ,the ,monkey and the ,snake ,fight ,too ,little and ,too ,much ,do ,you ,feel ,discouraged8 ,two ,kinds of ,discontent ,what the ,bartender ,sees ,what ,should ,be a ,man's ,object in ,life8 ,cruel ,frightening of ,children ,it ,is ,natural for ,children to ,be ,cruel ,two ,thin ,little ,babies ,are ,left ,a ,baby ,can ,educate a ,man ,the articles in this book were published originally in the editorial columns of the various ,hearst newspapers throughout the country4 ,these articles may have some interest for the student of modern happenings1 because of the fact that the newspapers publishing them have an aggregate daily circulation of two millions of copies1 and are read each day by no fewer than five millions of men and women4 ,such wide circulation of identical opinions on current events1 in different parts of the country1 is a new feature of our national life4 ,the character of such writings1 and their probable influence upon the public mind1 whatever their lack of intrinsic merit1 may be of sufficient importance to justify the publication of this collection of ephemeral writings4 ,,why ,,are ,,all ,,men ,,gamblers8 ,the annual report of the gambling house at ,monte ,carlo shows a profit of about #e1jjj1jjj4 ,a large collection of human beings travel from all parts of the world to ,monte ,carlo for the sake of giving #e1jjj1jjj to the gambling concern there4 ,wherever you look on earth to-day or in the past you find human beings gambling1 and you will find the gambling instinct stronger than any other--stronger than the love of drink1 infinitely stronger than the love of normal1 honest gain4 99 99 99 ,christopher ,columbus's sailors gambled on the way over1 and the ,indians on this side were gambling while waiting to be discovered4 ,in an office overlooking ,trinity graveyard1 in ,new ,york ,city1 an old man1 past eighty1 with a fortune of at least #ej1jjj1jjj1 gambles every day with all the excitement of youth4 ,the fluctuations in his game bring to his sallow cheeks the color that no other human emotion could bring there4 ,on his way home this old man passes crowds of children in the streets and looks down1 concerned and sorrowful1 to find that they1 too1 are gambling4 ,they are matching pennies or shaking dice4 99 99 99 ,clergymen are startled and amazed to find that women are gambling heavily4 ,they have gambled heavily ever since civilization has progressed far enough to give them large sums to gamble with4 ,marie ,antoinette staked thousands of louis at a time at ,versailles4 ,she was so wrapped up in gambling she could not see that her neck was in danger4 ,when the lava came down from ,vesuvius it buried ,pompeiians who were gambling4 ,the men who dig up the old monuments in ,africa find gambling instruments crumbling away side by side with appliances for taking human life4 99 99 99 ,nowhere in the lower forms of animal life1 so far as we know1 is there the slightest indication of the gambling instinct4 ,the monkey1 the elephant1 love whiskey1 and easily become drunkards4 ,the passion for alcohol seems innate in animal life2 even the wise ant can be readily induced to disgrace himself if alcohol is put near him4 ,for all the human weaknesses and mainsprings--ambition1 affection1 vanity1 drunkenness1 ferocity1 greediness1 cunning--we can find beginnings among the lower animals4 ,but man appears to have evolved from within himself the gambling instinct for his own especial damnation4 ,where did the instinct come from8 ,why was it planted in us8 ,like every other instinct with which intelligent nature endows us1 it must have its good purpose1 and it must not be judged merely in the corrupted form in which we study it at ,monte ,carlo or in ,wall ,street4 ,perhaps the spirit of gambling is really only an atrophied1 perverted form of the spirit of adventure4 ,columbus staked his life and gambled1 when he started across the water4 ,the leaders of the ,american ,revolution expressly staked their lives1 their fortunes and their sacred honor in signing the ,declaration of ,independence4 ,they were noble gamblers1 working for the welfare of their fellows4 ,perhaps gambling is only a perverted form of intelligent ambition--we are all natural gamblers because we have within us the quality which makes us willing to risk our own comfort1 security and present happiness for a result that seems better worth while4 ,the universality of the gambling instinct in human beings is certainly worthy of our study4 ,,no ,,man ,,understands ,,iron ,,how ,,can ,,we ,,hope ,,to ,,understand ,,god8 ,is there laughter in heaven--or can nothing move the eternal heavenly calm8 ,if mirth exists among the perpetually blissful1 how must the angels laugh when in idle moments they listen to our speculations concerning the ,divinity8 ,they peer down at us as we look at ants dragging home a fragment of dead caterpillar4 ,they hear us say things like this3 ,if ,god exists1 why does ,he not reveal himself to ,,me8 ,how could ,god exist before ,he created the world8 ,force cannot exist or demonstrate its existence without matter4 ,how could a creator exist except with creation around him8 ,where did ,he live before ,he made heaven8 ,if ,he is all-powerful1 could ,he in five seconds make a six months' old calf8 ,if ,he made it in five seconds it would not be six months old4 ,nonsense more subtle comes from the educated1 from those who know enough to be preposterous in a pretentious way4 ,hear the wise man3 ,god does not exist1 because ,i cannot prove ,his existence3 ,i can prove everything else4 ,with my law of gravitation ,i point to a speck in space and say3 ,you'll find a new planet there1 and you find it4 ,if a ,god existed could ,i not also point to ,him8 ,if ,i can trace a comet in its flight1 could ,i not trace the comet's maker8 ,huxley says3 ,the cosmic process has no sort of relation to moral ends4 ,that's a philosopher's way of saying something foolish4 ,lalande1 the astronomer1 remarked that he had swept the entire heavens with his telescope and found no ,god there4 ,that's funnier than any ant who should say3 ,i've searched this whole dead caterpillar and found no ,god1 so ,,there ,,is ,,no ,,god4 ,the corner of space which our telescopes can sweep is smaller1 compared to the universe1 than a dead caterpillar compared with this earth4 ,moleschott1 an able physiologist1 believed that phosphorus was essential to mental activity4 ,perhaps he did prove that4 ,but he said3 ,no thought without phosphorus1 and thought he had wiped the human soul out of existence4 ,philosophers do not laugh at ,moleschott4 ,but they would laugh at a savage who would say3 ,i have discovered that there is a catgut in a fiddle4 ,no fiddle without catgut--no music without cats4 ,don't talk to me about soul or musical genius--it's all catgut4 ,we peek out at this universe from our half-developed corner of it4 ,we see faintly the millions of huge suns circling with their planet families billions of miles away4 ,we see our own little sun rise and set2 we ask ourselves a thousand foolish questions of cause and ,ruler--and because we cannot answer1 we decry faith4 ,wise doubter1 look at a small piece of iron4 ,it looks solid4 ,you suppose that its various parts touch4 ,but submit it to cold4 ,you make it smaller4 ,then the particles did not touch4 ,do they touch now8 ,no2 relatively they are farther apart than this planet from its nearest neighbor4 ,that piece of iron1 apparently solid1 consists of clusters of atoms wonderfully grouped1 each cluster called a molecule4 ,the molecular cluster is invisible1 millions of clusters in the smallest visible fragment4 ,the atom is accepted by science as the final particle of matter4 ,its name indicates that it is supposed to be indivisible4 ,when science gets to the atom it calmly gives up and says3 ,that is so small that it can no longer be divided4 ,a reasonable enough conclusion on the surface1 considering that you might have millions of atoms of iron in one corner of your eye and not know it4 ,but why should the atom be incapable of further division8 ,if it is any size at all it can be thought of as split4 ,where does the divisibility of matter end1 if anywhere8 ,what is there ,,solid about iron8 ,nothing in reality1 except that it seems to us solid4 ,already1 with the ,x-ray1 we can look through it4 ,forces such as heat and electricity pass through it more readily than through free air4 ,science1 which gradually finds things out1 denying as it goes along everything one step beyond1 tells you truly that the clusters of atoms in iron float in a sea of ether1 just as do our planets going round the sun4 ,heat the iron intensely4 ,what happens8 ,you get what you call white heat4 ,the white heat and the white light come from the increase of wave motion in this ether1 and this ether1 absolutely imponderable1 of a tenuity inconceivable1 possesses elasticity greater and more powerful than that of coiled steel4 ---- ,so much for one small piece of iron1 such as you would kick to one side in a junk heap4 ,if it interests you1 read pages #aei to #afb of ,john ,fiske's admirable little book1 ,through ,nature to ,god4 ,you will finish the book the day you get it4 ,if you are surprised to learn how much you did not know about iron--after living near bits of iron all your life--is it not just possible that your mind may be too feeble to conceive of ,god8 ,for the fly buzzing about the edge of ,niagara ,falls1 the falls do not exist4 ,the fly's brain cannot grasp their grandeur4 ,it can understand only the speck of spray that falls on its wing4 ,you live with ,god around you1 hopelessly incapable of perceiving ,his existence save through that faint spark of unconscious faith that was mercifully planted in you4 ,snuff that out with dull efforts at reason1 and you have nothing4 ,,we ,,long ,,for ,,immortal ,,imperfection-- ,,we ,,can',t ,,have ,,it4 ,all our longings for immortality1 all our plans for immortal life are based on the hope that ,divine ,providence will condescend to let us live in another world as we live here4 ,each of us wants to be himself in the future life1 and to see his friends as he knew them4 ,we want to preserve individuality forever and ever1 when the stars shall have faded away and the days of matter ended4 ,but what is individuality except imperfection8 ,you are different from ,smith1 ,smith is different from ,jones4 ,but it is simply a difference of imperfect construction4 ,one is more foolish than another1 one is more irresponsibly moved to laughter or anger--that constitutes his personality4 ,remove our imperfections and we should all be alike--smooth off all agglomerations of matter on all sides and everything would be spherical4 ,what would be the use of keeping so many of us if we were all perfect1 and therefore all alike8 ,one talks through his nose1 one has a deep voice4 ,but shall kind ,providence provide two sets of wings for nose talkers and chest talkers8 ,why not make the two into one good talker and save one pair of wings8 ,why not1 in fact1 keep just one perfect sample1 and let all the rest placidly drift back to nothingness8 ,or1 better1 why not take all the goodness that there is in all the men and women that ever were and melt it all down into one cosmic human being8 ---- ,the rain drops1 the mist and the sprays of ,niagara all go back to the ocean in time4 ,possibly we all go back at the end to the sea of divine wisdom1 whence we were sent forth to do1 well or badly1 our little work down here3 ,future punishment8 ,we think not4 ,one drop of water revives the wounded hero--another helps to give wet feet and consumption to a little child4 ,it all depends on circumstances4 ,both drops go back to the ocean4 ,there is no rule that sends the good drop to heaven and the other to boil forever and ever in a sulphur pit4 ---- ,troubles beset us when we think of a future state and our reason quarrels always with our longings4 ,we all want--in heaven--to meet ,voltaire with his very thin legs4 ,but we cannot believe that those skinny shanks are to be immortal4 ,we shall miss the snuff and the grease on ,sam ,johnson's collar4 ,if an angel comes up neat and smiling and says ,permit me to introduce myself --,i am the great lexicographer1 we shall say ,tell that to some other angel4 ,the great ,samuel was dirty and wheezy1 and ,i liked him that way4 ,and children4 ,the idea of children in heaven flying about with their little fluffy wings is fascinating4 ,but would eternal childhood be fair to them8 ,if a babe dies while teething1 shall it remain forever toothless8 ,how shall its mother know it if it is allowed to grow up8 ,listen to ,heine--that marvellous genius of the ,jewish race3 ,yes1 yes6 ,you talk of reunion in a transfigured shape4 ,what would that be to me8 ,i knew him in his old brown surtout1 and so ,i would see him again4 ,thus he sat at table1 the salt cellar and pepper caster on either hand4 ,and if the pepper was on the right and the salt on the left hand he shifted them over4 ,i knew him in a brown surtout1 and so ,i would see him again4 ,thus he spoke of his dead father4 ,thus many of us think and speak of those that are gone4 ,how foolish to hope for the preservation of what is imperfect6 ,how important to have ,,faith1 and to feel that reality will surpass anticipation1 and that whatever ,,is will be the best thing for us and satisfy us utterly4 ,,three ,,water ,,drops ,,converse ,three drops of water1 stranded in a crevice on the side of an inland mountain1 talked in this way3 ,first ,drop--,they say there is an ocean whence we came and to which we shall return4 ,second ,drop--,they say we three drops are made in the image of that ocean2 that as far as we go1 which is not far1 we are miniature oceans4 ,third ,drop--,bosh and nonsense4 ,there is no ocean4 ,it is all superstition4 ,before we were born here1 from the mist1 what were we8 ,when we evaporate in a few minutes what becomes of us8 ,you two drops make me feel sorry for you4 ,i know that when ,i cease reflecting that white cloud up there1 that ends ,,me4 ,i have no delusions about oceans or going back to anything4 ---- ,you know what happened4 ,the cloud formed into rain and our three drops were washed into a tiny trickling stream4 ,the thin stream of rain ran into a brook1 the brook into a river4 ,soon the three drops were back in the ocean--possibly without knowing it4 ,shall we some day go rolling back to the ocean of cosmic wisdom whence we came8 ,is it possible that man is indeed made in the image of ,god1 as drops are made in the ocean's image--the individual men1 like the individual drops1 being sent forth to do necessary cosmic work through the universe1 going back to the ocean after each errand is done1 and so going back and forth1 forever and ever8 ,that would not be such a mean destiny1 we should say4 ,it would certainly be a very democratic form of cosmic government4 ---- ,inferior men1 inferior women1 unworthy of comparison with perfect1 cosmic wisdom8 ,not at all4 ,not inferior men and women1 but inferior mediums1 inferior brains1 bodies and planets through which to work4 ,is one drop of water inferior to another8 ,is any inferior to the purest drop in the ocean8 ,no4 ,but one drop runs through the gutter of a stable1 another rolls from a mountain spring1 a third carries in solution the germ of typhus4 ,but all three came pure from the ocean and all will go back to the ocean pure4 ,,did ,,we ,,once ,,live ,,on ,,the ,,moon8 ,,and ,,shall ,,we ,,move ,,on ,,to ,,the ,,sun ,,some ,,fine ,,day8 ,the most interesting questions are such as these3 ,whence did we come8 ,whither are we going8 ,and1 by the way1 what are we8 ,are we of any true importance8 ,are we a permanent part of the universal scheme1 privileged to move along through the ages and see the end as we have seen the beginning8 ,or are we1 as advanced science says1 merely like the weevil in the biscuit--no part of the ,baker's plan8 ,are we indestructible specks of cosmic intelligence1 lighting up and animating one material body after another--never destroyed--or do we play on this earth the passing part of the microbe in the ,brie cheese1 which gives that cheese its flavor8 ---- ,a great scientist1 coldly analyzing the chemical processes essential to the creation of each new human being1 scoffs at any possibility of immortality4 ,with the microscope at his eye1 he magnifies nature's mysteries2 he sums up the investigations of the ,hertwig brothers2 he discourses learnedly of the nucleolus of the ,cytula--or progeny cell4 ,he declares that science is able to watch the creation of a human being1 as it watches the progress of a chick in the egg4 ,he asserts that each new creature is merely the result of a chemical process blending qualities of the mother and father4 ,having a final beginning1 man must have a final end4 ,man--a mixture of two sets of qualities--has no more chance of immortality than has beer1 which is a mixture of malt and hops4 ,read and think over this cold summing-up of our mean1 limited destiny as science farthest advanced now sees it3 ,it must appear utterly senseless now to speak of the immortality of the human person1 when we know how this person1 with all its individual qualities of body and mind1 has arisen4 ,how can this person possess an eternal life without end8 ,the human person1 like every other many-celled individual1 ,,is ,,but ,a ,,passing ,,phenomenon ,,of ,,organic ,,life4 ,with its death1 the series of its vital activities ceases entirely1 just as it began4 ,that certainly is discouraging to a man who for fifty years has sung ,i want to be an angel4 ,yet that is what ,haeckel has to say about our chance of immortality4 ,but the other side of the grave has the ,,last say1 and we think it will discredit ,haeckel4 ,we should even undertake to do that now and here in two columns of a yellow journal4 ,but we are ,,determined before the column ends to ask you what you think of our moon-earth-sun transmigration notion4 ,the sun is now a blazing mass1 inconceivably huge1 inconceivably fierce in our eyes4 ,its flames leap hundreds of thousands of miles into space4 ,if our earth fell to the sun1 it would melt as a snow-flake falling upon a blazing forest4 ,we certainly do not readily look upon the sun as our future home1 if we accept its present condition as permanent4 ,but once upon a time1 hundreds of millions of years back1 this earth used to look ,,to ,,the ,,moon1 on a smaller scale1 as the sun now looks to us4 ,if there were on the moon at that time inferior human beings1 in a low state of cosmic evolution1 they undoubtedly had to thank the earth for their life1 as we thank the sun4 ,to them the earth1 then incandescent1 blazing with the heat that now reveals itself through volcanoes1 was simply a whirling ball of fire1 put in its place to warm them4 ,they could no more think that men would ever come to live here than we can now think of moving on to the sun4 ---- ,in course of time this earth cooled off4 ,it cooled so thoroughly that the moon died of cold4 ,life could no longer continue there4 ,the dead satellite's destiny thenceforward was to show gratitude for past heat by moving our tides and cheering our poets4 ,as life died out on the cold moon which had given us temporary hospitality1 life sprang into being on this planet1 now fitted to support it4 ,here1 on a larger sphere1 with greater opportunities1 mankind is growing1 and will far outstrip all that it could have done on the poor little moon4 ,meanwhile1 as we struggle on1 improving slowly1 the sun1 as science proves1 is cooling off in its turn4 ,the flames become less fierce as the thousands of centuries roll by4 ,when we shall have developed as much as possible on this limited planet1 our home will be cooled and ready on the sun1 centre of our life in this corner of space4 ,we shall move up a step--as boys do in the public schools4 ,we shall have been moon men1 earth men1 and shall graduate into sun men4 ,think of a home so vast6 ,on that grand star we shall lead lives worth while1 and justify ,huxley's belief that men exist somewhere compared to whom we should be as black beetles compared to us4 ,the excitement of meeting our brothers from other planets as they move up to the sun in batchcs will be great4 ,,william ,,henry ,,channing',s ,,symphony ,,the ,,thought-- ,to live content with small means2 to seek elegance rather than luxury1 and refinement rather than fashion2 to be worthy1 not respectable1 and wealthy1 not1 rich2 to listen to stars and birds1 babes and sages1 with open heart2 to study hard2 to think quietly1 act frankly1 talk gently1 await occasions1 hurry never2 in a word1 to let the spiritual1 unbidden and unconscious1 grow up through the common--this is my symphony4 ,,william ,,henry ,,channing4 ,,to ,,live ,,content ,,with ,,small ,,means4 ,this means to realize to the full the possibilities of life4 ,contentment means ,,absence ,,of ,,worry4 ,it is only when free from worry that the brain can act normally1 up to its highest standard4 ,the man content with small means does his best work1 devotes his energies to that which is worth while1 and not to acquiring that which has no value4 ,,to ,,seek ,,elegance ,,rather ,,than ,,luxury4 ,the difference between elegance and luxury is the difference between the thin1 graceful deer1 browsing on the scanty but sufficient forest pasture1 and the fat swine revelling in plentiful garbage4 ,,refinement ,,rather ,,than ,,fashion4 ,the difference between refinement and fashion is the difference between brains and clothing1 the difference between an ,emerson or a ,huxley and a ,beau ,brummel or other worthless but elaborately decked carcass4 ,,to ,,be ,,worthy1 ,,not ,,respectable4 ,in other words1 to be like ,henry ,george1 and not like the owner of a trust4 ,,wealthy1 ,,not ,,rich4 ,the man who has a good wife and good children1 enough to take care of them1 but not enough to spoil them1 is ,,wealthy4 ,he is happier than the man who is ,,rich enough to be worried1 rich enough to make it certain that his children will be ruined by extravagance1 and perhaps live to be ashamed of him4 ,,to ,,listen ,,to ,,stars ,,and ,,birds1 ,,babes ,,and ,,sages1 ,,with ,,open ,,heart4 ,this means to enjoy the noblest gifts that ,god has given to man4 ,he is happy who takes more pleasure in a beautiful sunset than in the sight of a flunky with powdered hair1 artificial calves and lofty manners1 handing him something indigestible on a plate of gold4 ,,to ,,study ,,hard2 ,,to ,,think ,,quietly1 ,,act ,,frankly1 ,,talk ,,gently4 ,to exercise in this way the brain that is given to us is to lead the life of a ,,man1 a life of self-control1 a life that is worth while1 that leads to something and helps forward the improvement of the race4 ,in the words which we have quoted at the top of this column ,william ,henry ,channing has given a recipe for wise living4 ---- ,,who ,,was ,,channing8 ,he was a good man1 and a wise man4 ,he was one of the most eloquent clergymen ever born in this country1 and as sincere a friend of individual man and of the race in general as ever lived4 ,he was an enthusiast and an optimist--admirable combination4 ,he was born in #ahaj1 and died in #ahhd4 ,his biography has been written by ,octavius ,b4 ,frothingham4 ,channing saw the world through generous1 charitable eyes4 ,he was an ardent admirer of ,charles ,fourier1 and appreciated the philosophy and social law-giving of that gigantic intellect4 ,the quotation we print above is an index to his whole character1 just as one flower tells the story of the beautiful garden in which it grew4 ,channing1 unlike many sayers of fine things1 was personally as fine as the things he said4 ,he was worthy even of his own best thoughts1 and that can be said for few fine thinkers4 ,admire him4 ,read some of his sermons and other writings if you have the chance4 ,,the ,,existence ,,of ,,god--,,parable ,,of ,,the ,,blind ,,kittens ,the notion that small things1 the petty details of life1 such as money getting1 marriage questions1 etc41 are uppermost in the modern human brain is entirely false4 ,if an editor asks3 ,is marriage a failure8 he receives just so many answers1 and then the interest dies out4 ,if he asks3 ,should a wife have pin money8 or ,what is the easiest way for a woman to earn a living8 he ceases to receive answers after a short time4 ,but to questions concerning the immortality of the soul1 the existence of ,god1 and man's destiny here and hereafter1 the answers are endless4 ,letters on such matters have been received here by thousands4 ,every day the mail brings new and intelligent contributions to the questions that have kept men praying1 thinking1 fighting and hoping through the centuries3 ,,is ,,there ,a ,,god1 ,,and ,,will ,,my ,,soul ,,live ,,forever8 ---- ,very interesting are the expressions of faith which fill a majority of the letters4 ,interesting also are the letters of doubters atheists1 agnostics and the many intoxicated with a very little knowledge1 who have decided to substitute their own wisdom and doubt for the belief of the ages--the belief in ,god and in personal immortality4 ,many think science has discovered that we could get on very well without a ,god4 ,but science has done just the contrary4 ,and here1 if you please1 we shall build up a sort of parable3 ---- ,a ,man had a box full of motherless blind kittens4 ,he was very kind to them4 ,he put their box on wheels and moved it about to keep it in the sun4 ,he gave them milk at regular intervals4 ,with loving kindness he drove away the dog which growled and scared the little kittens into spitting and back raising4 ,the kittens trusted the ,man1 loved him and felt that they needed him4 ,that was the age of faith4 ,one day a dog got a kitten and tore it to pieces4 ,the kitten had disobeyed orders and laws4 ,it had crawled away from the box4 ,another kitten1 with one eye now partly open1 got thoughtful and said3 ,there is no such thing as ,man4 ,or1 if there is such a thing1 he is a monster to let little ,willie get torn up4 ,don't talk to me about ,kitten ,wiliie being a sufferer through his own fault4 ,i say there is no such thing as a ,man4 ,we kittens are bosses of the universe and must do our own fighting4 ,that speaker was the ,ingersoll kitten4 ,a kitten of higher mental class opened both eyes just a little and actually made observations4 ,said he3 ,i am a scientist4 ,i discover that we owe nothing to ,man's kindness4 ,we are governed by laws4 ,this box is on wheels4 ,it rolls around in the sunlight of its own volition4 ,true1 ,i do not know who shoves it1 but no ,man could do it4 ,further1 ,i discover that there is such a thing as the law of 'milk-passing4' ,milk comes this way just so often4 ,its coming is nature's law4 ,it has always come4 ,it always will come4 ,good-night1 ,i am going to sleep4 ,but don't talk to me any more about a kind ,man4 ,it's all law1 and ,i am certainly great1 for ,i saw the laws first4 ,that was the ,newton kitten1 but he lacked the ,newton faith4 ,we have no time to tell what the ,darwin kitten said4 ,he was very long-winded4 ,but this happened4 ,the kittens grew up--such as did not perish through their own fault4 ,they got their eyes fully opened4 ,they saw the ,man1 recognized him and asked only to be allowed to stay in his house4 ,excuse us1 they said1 for being such foolish kittens4 ,but you know our eyes were not quite open4 ,don't mention it1 said the kind ,man4 ,go down cellar and help yourselves to mice4 ,that's the end of the parable4 ,we are all blind kittens1 and our few attempts at explaining nature's wonders and kindness only get us into deeper and deeper mysteries4 ,we discover that the earth goes round the sun4 ,but the greatest scientist must admit his inability to tell or guess why it goes4 ,give me the initial impulse1 he says1 and all the rest is easy4 ,the blind kittens in their wagon say3 ,give our wagon just one shove and we'll explain the rest4 ,the kitten gets hold of a law of milk-passing and substitutes that for man's individual kindness4 ,the feeble-minded agnostic seizes the law of gravitation and thinks he can discard ,god with gravity's help4 ,but the great mind that defined gravity's law was a religious mind--too profound to see anything final in its own feeble power4 ,newton was no atheist4 ,none better than he knew the mysterious character of his law4 ,that it has worked from all eternity directly as the mass and inversely as the square of the distance he knew and told his fellow-creatures4 ,that is all he knew and all that any man knows about it4 ,to-day ,lord ,kelvin1 a worthy follower in ,newton's steps1 is asked to explain ,,why gravity acts4 ,he can only say3 ,i accept no theory of gravitation4 ,present science has no right to attempt to explain gravitation4 ,we know nothing about it4 ,we simply know ,,nothing about it4 ,darwin asks1 without answering his question3 ,who can explain what is the essence of the attraction of gravitation8 ---- ,to our doubting friends we say3 ,doubt if you must4 ,but doubt intelligently and doubt first of all your own blind kitten wisdom4 ,remember that you at least know absolutely nothing4 ,study and think4 ,read4 ,but don't let the half-developed wisdom of others choke up your brain and leave you a mere clogged-up doubting machine4 ,whatever you do1 never interfere with the faith of others4 ,spread ,,knowledge1 spread ,,facts4 ,keep to yourself the doubts that would disturb others' happiness and do them no good4 ,tell what you ,,know4 ,keep quiet about what you ,,guess4 ,,have ,,the ,,animals ,,souls8 ,for that which befalleth the sons of men1 befalleth beasts2 even one thing befalleth them2 as the one dieth1 so dieth the other2 ,,yea1 ,,they ,,have ,,all ,,one ,,breath2 ,,so ,,that ,a ,,man ,,hath ,,no ,,pre-,,eminence ,,above ,a ,,beast3 for all is vanity4 ,who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward1 and the ,,spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth4 --,ecclesiastes iii41 #ai-ba4 ,the surface of the earth1 the air as high as we can study it1 the depths of the sea1 swarm with animal life4 ,the earth rolls around the sun bathed in its warm light4 ,millions of creatures die with every revolution of the little planet which is their home4 ,and man going to and fro in the earth1 and walking up and down in it rules the little animals and the big ones and calls himself sole heir of immortality4 ,he says3 ,for ,,me this earth was made and balanced in its wonderful journey2 for ,,me alone the marvels of future life are reserved4 ,he digs up the strange creatures from the slimy depths of the ocean1 studies and labels them4 ,he dissects one animal to study his own diseases4 ,he skins another to cover his feet with leather4 ,he eats one ox and hitches its brother to the plough4 ,he uses nature's explosive forces to bring down the bird on the wing4 ,he sweeps the rivers with his nets4 ,the stomach of the well-fed man is the graveyard of the animal kingdom4 ,when his dinner is finished1 the man well fed strokes his stomach contentedly and says to himself3 ,all is well4 ,for ,i have a soul and ,,they have none4 ,they have died to feed me4 ,i am happy and they should be satisfied4 ---- ,what is the nature of the spirit that directs our humble animal brothers and sisters8 ,they cover the earth as long as we let them1 give place to us as the human race increases1 and1 without any thought of organized resistance1 die that we may live4 ,,have ,,these ,,animals ,,souls8 ,you have seen the bird grieving over the destruction of its nest4 ,you have studied the pathetic eyes of the lost dog1 and the sad submission of the tired1 beaten horse4 ,is there not soul in those stricken creatures1 and spiritual feeling deeper than that displayed by many men8 ,first came all ,,animal life1 as we know it1 and then came ,,man4 ,science and religion agree on this point1 at least4 ,all owe their being to the same eternal ,,force4 ,on this point again religion and science agree4 ,is the life in animals merely a passing dream1 or does it express in its humble way the promise of life eternal8 ,in ,italy a scientific villain experimented on a dog to ascertain the power of maternal affection4 ,the dog was most cruelly tortured4 ,its newborn puppy was beside it4 ,its nerves were racked1 its spine injured1 ,,but ,,whenever ,,permitted ,,to ,,do ,,so1 ,,the ,,poor ,,tortured1 ,,animal ,,mother ,,turned ,,its ,,head ,,toward ,,its ,,whining ,,child ,,and ,,licked ,,it ,,affectionately4 ,until it died there was nothing that could overcome maternal love in the heart of that poor dumb mother4 ,is there not soul in such love as that8 ,,jesus' ,,attitude ,,toward ,,children ,a ,,sunday ,,sermon ,suffer the little children to come unto me2 and forbid them not2 for of such is the ,kingdom of ,god4--,mark ,x41 #ad4 ,jesus gave to the child its place in the world's society4 ,with all the power of divine authority ,he built around the feeblest among us a wall that has protected them through the ages4 ,before ,his day the child existed only by sufferance4 ,it had no rights4 ,it was but a counter1 an infinitesimal atom4 ,it was considered simply the property of the parent4 ,its father had power of life and death over it4 ,the homeless dog that roams the streets to-day is more effectively shielded from cruelty than was the friendless child before ,jesus came to live and to die for the weak and poor4 ,the law had said3 ,the parent is ruler of the child1 and may dispose of it as he sees fit4 ,but ,jesus said--and these are the most beautiful and affecting words in all the moral law of the world3 ,take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones2 for ,i say unto you1 that in heaven their angels do always behold the face of my ,father which is in heaven4--,matthew xviii41 #aj4 ,no threats so terrifying as those aimed at men who should harm little children3 ,it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck1 and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea4--,matthew xviii41 #f4 ,it is impossible now to conceive the horrid indifference to childhood's rights which preceded the birth of ,christianity4 ,infanticide was not the exception1 but a settled custom4 ,so much so1 that in ,rome the exposure of children in desert places was almost a virtue1 since it gave the child some slight chance of surviving4 ,not a few1 but thousands and tens of thousands of children were thus exposed4 ,they fell a prey to wild beasts1 or to the human beasts1 still more ferocious1 who took the children to make slaves or criminals of them4 ,jesus came1 and a miracle was worked--a miracle that no man will deny4 ,this was the miracle3 ,jesus said3 ,for ,i say unto you1 their angels behold the face of my ,father which is in heaven4 ,jesus spoke1 and thousands of millions of men1 through nineteen centuries1 have believed1 and obeyed the command4 ,every man was warned that the child dying goes straightway into the presence of ,god1 and there1 looking upon ,his face1 bears witness to the treatment meted out to him here4 ,well might it be said of the man who mistreated such a child3 ,it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck1 and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea4 ,every man should study with awe and reverence the sad1 lonely misunderstood life of ,jesus1 the friend of children4 ,he had no home1 and for companions only a few humble fishermen1 to whom ,he spoke in simple parables1 as to children4 ,the foxes have holes and the birds of the air have nests but the ,son of ,man hath not where to lay his head4--,matthew viii41 #bj4 ,it was this childless1 homeless ,man that ever used ,his marvellous power to protect children4 ,it was ,he who gave to children their definite share in the kingdom of ,god4 ,before ,his coming the wisdom of the world was devoted to telling the child ,,its duty4 ,but ,jesus explained to grown men ,,their duty toward children4 ,the family life was ,his ideal4 ,all men were ,his brothers1 and1 with ,him1 sons of ,god4 ,the loving kindness shown by ,god toward helpless men and women ,,they should show to helpless children4 ,neither the rights nor the ,,wisdom of children must be despised3 ,i thank thee1 ,o ,father1 ,lord of heaven and earth1 that thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent1 and hast revealed them unto babes2 even so1 ,father2 for so it seemed good in thy sight4--,luke x41 #ba4 ,wherever ,jesus went1 children followed ,him1 and the tiniest little soul1 in its mother's arms or tottering along in wide-eyed curiosity1 could arrest ,his loving attention4 ,how beautiful is the picture that the ,bible story presents to the mind6 ,jesus is at ,capernaum1 on the sunny shore of the ,sea of ,galilee4 ,the ,disciples--simple1 honest men1 often excited as to precedence and filled with deep longing to stand first in the ,master's esteem--ask ,him3 ,who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven8--,matthew xviii41 #a4 ,around them is gathered the typical ,oriental group1 and many olive-skinned women1 with their children3 ,and ,jesus called a little child unto ,him1 and set him in the midst of them and said3 ',verily ,i say unto you1 except ye be converted1 and become as little children1 ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven4 ',whosoever1 therefore1 shall humble himself as this little child1 the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven4 ',and whoso shall receive one such little child in my name receiveth me4' ,teach your children to think of and to love the divine ,soul that pleaded their cause4 ,teach them that in all the words ,he uttered there can be found only love for them4 ,no threats1 no warnings-- only love4 ,,study ,,of ,,the ,,character ,,of ,,god ,then the ,lord answered ,job out of the whirlwind and said 4 4 4 4 ,where wast thou when ,i laid the foundations of the earth8 ,declare1 if thou hast understanding4--,job xxxviii4 #a1 #d4 ,since men have lived on earth their feeble intellects have struggled to realize the majesty of ,god4 ,succeeding nations and civilizations have expressed through laws or religions their puny conceptions of the power that controls the universe4 ,as mental and moral standards have improved1 there has been constant improvement in the conception of ,god4 ,the ,greeks and ,romans imagined a variety of gods1 and attributed to these the vices and weaknesses of men4 ,the ,fijians worshipped a god who devoured the souls of the dead1 inflicting torture in the eating1 but mercifully releasing souls from pain when the meal was ended4 ,the ancient ,mexicans went to war because their gods demanded something to eat4 ,their armies fought only endeavoring to take prisoners1 that they might have men to feed those gods4 ---- ,even with the birth of the one great idea--,,the ,,unity ,,of ,,god--the personality of the universal ,creator was but a reflection of ,his worshippers4 ,he was a jealous ,god1 a man of war4 ,god ,himself is with us for our captain4-- ,chron4 xiii41 #ab4 ,god dwelt in a city made of nothing cheaper than gold and precious stones4 ,for ,his own glory1 ,he maintained a court ,oriental in form1 with strange beasts to sing ,his praises1 and ,he tortured forever and ever creatures that ,he had made4 ,the present conception of an omnipotent ,god has changed greatly since the old days1 when cruelty was the rule and was admired4 ,there is to-day insistence on ,god's ,,love1 on ,his ,,justice1 on ,his ,,mercy that endureth forever--there is practically no teaching of the old belief that a creature1 born of circumstances1 and good or bad as circumstances may determine1 is to suffer endless torment under never-changing conditions of horror4 ---- ,the writing of this editorial is based upon frequent reading of the book of ,job4 ,in that ancient and wonderful book1 as in no other writing1 the ,jewish forces of poetry and of prophecy are exhausted in the effort to portray ,god's majesty4 ,all of the old prophet's knowledge of the world1 all of his mystic notions of sidereal government1 are used in the effort to glorify his ,creator4 ,hast thou commanded the morning since thy days8 ,canst thou send lightnings1 that they may go and say unto thee1 ,here we are8 ,canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow8 ,gavest thou the goodly wings unto the peacocks8 ,canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook8 ,will he make many supplications unto thee8 ,will he speak soft words unto thee8 ,hast thou entered into the treasures of the snow8 or hast thou seen the treasures of the hail8 ,thus through chapters of greatest beauty the primitive mind seeks to portray for the benefit of other primitive minds the omnipotence of the world's ,ruler4 ---- ,what hope has man of conceiving1 even approximately1 the great law-giving ,force that rules the universe8 ,shall we ever do more than attribute to ,him those qualities which our own pygmy minds admire8 ,shall we forever conceive ,him as a glorified individual8 ,we believe that in the ,book of ,job there is suggested the method of studying ,god that alone can aid us to a better1 higher conception4 ,the study of ,god must be prosecuted through the study of astronomy1 and this the old prophet foreshadows clearly3 ,canst thou bind the sweet influences of ,pleiades1 or loose the bands of ,orion8 ,canst thou bring forth ,mazzaroth in his season8 or canst thou guide ,arcturus with his sons8 ,long years ago children were taught to admire a god who created a leviathan1 a unicorn1 and ,behemoth4 ,children of the future will be told3 ,you live on a globe twenty-five thousand miles round4 ,it travels ceaselessly through space at a speed of eighteen miles a second4 ,compared to the huge sun that lights and gives us life1 our earth is but a pinhead1 and the sun itself is but one tiny dot in the ocean of space4 ,through that space the sun rushes on an errand unknown1 carrying us with it4 ,everything moves1 revolves1 rushes ceaselessly1 yet a balance registering the one-thousandth part of a grain is not adjusted as nicely as these huge behemoths of limitless space4 ,laplace shows positive proof that the earth1 travelling eighteen miles per second1 has not changed the period of its rotation by the hundredth part of a second in two thousand years4 ,the mind of the future1 imbued with respect for the ,force that controls1 conducts and makes the laws for the universe1 will attain more nearly to a conception of ,god4 ,but a study of ,god will remain man's chief and constant effort while he lives here4 ,that study is never-ending4 ,,the ,,fascinating ,,problem ,,of ,,immortality 7,if you read this you will probably feel that you have wasted time47 ,if you travel back far enough you can see in your mind's eye a primitive man with long1 red hair1 shivering in some icy pool4 ,he has taken refuge there from a pursuing bear or other foe4 ,he sees that he must die of cold or of the bear's teeth4 ,his dark mind--product of a brain primitive and poor in convolutions--contemplates vaguely the prospect ahead of him4 ,he hopes that after death he may through some mysterious kindness be permitted to meet again the red-haired women and the wolfish cave children left behind4 ,there1 in the cave man's mind1 is the first craving for immortality4 ,born in that poor brain long centuries ago1 it has steadily grown stronger with man's mental development4 ---- ,no man looks at death without looking beyond it4 ,none but has a craving for a future life1 with consciousness of his personality ,,and ,,with ,,recollection ,,of ,,friends1 ,,faces ,,and ,,deeds ,,here4 ,say to a man1 ,you shall be immortal1 but you shall not know that you are you4 ,he will not give you thanks for such immortality4 ,so strong is man's craving for personal1 individual immortality that hell with its fires would be preferred by many to annihilation4 ,the strongest argument against immortality--weak and ignorant at best--is but a frantic attempt of the mind to prove negatively the existence of what it covets4 ,fortunately for human happiness in general1 ,,faith1 covers the requirements of millions4 ,they live and die contented1 the instinct within them fortified by the teachings of a faith not to be questioned4 ---- ,but what of the men and women who ask for evidence1 or at least for plausible argument1 proving the reasonableness of immortality8 ,what can be said to please them8 ,not much1 alas6 ,probably because we are still so undeveloped that it would be1 for many reasons1 unsafe to let us know how great a future is before us4 ,strongest in hope is the argument of ,charles ,fourier1 based on what he declared to be a natural law4 ,attractions are proportionate to destinies4 ,by this ,fourier meant that a universal longing among human beings was certain proof that their ultimate destiny involved the fulfilment of the longing4 ,the little girl fondling a doll foretells maternity4 ,the hectoring boy foretells the soldier's career4 ,no universal attraction1 save with a destiny proportionate4 ---- ,the human race since it began to think and believe has thought of and believed in immortality4 ,the half wise declare that belief in immortality and a spirit world came to savage peoples through dreams1 that it has been kept alive through superstition and the power of religion4 ,trivial1 certainly1 is such an explanation of a phenomenon as wide as mankind's existence4 ---- ,a very consoling fact for the doubter is this4 ,the strongest minds born on the earth have almost invariably1 at some stage of development1 rejected belief in immortality--only to return to the belief1 or at least to the ,,hope1 with fuller age and riper wisdom4 ,that no great mind has seen any positive argument against the hope of immortality is certainly comforting to all of us4 ,intelligence can always refute improbability and falsehood4 ---- ,what about the nature of immortality8 ,the ,indian hopes for dogs and hunting1 the ,turk for a life of which the least said the better4 ,the ,christian1 borrowing his ideas from the writings of the old ,hebrews1 looks forward to what may be called a solid gold existence--everything made of gold or of something more expensive4 ,we do not think that religious docility demands implicit belief in any of the published details of our future existence4 ,gold is not comfortable2 jasper would not well replace the green turf4 ,is it not more reasonable to assume1 since immortality is to be ours1 that it is ours now and always has been8 ,we cannot imagine creation of the indestructible4 ,is it not sensible to take literally that most beautiful invocation3 ,thy kingdom come ,,on ,,earth as it is in heaven8 ,we know that heaven cannot be above us or hell below2 because as we whirl round in each twenty-four hour period those abodes would have to whirl also--quite unreasonable4 ---- ,this earth would make a very good heaven--properly improved and managed4 ,wipe out human selfishness1 and the ,sahara and other deserts4 ,establish universal philanthropy1 regulate the climate1 confine human manual labor to the pushing of an electric button--all quite possible--and you have the sort of heaven that man would select if left to choose4 ,why should we not come back here again and again1 taking varying human forms1 doing our duty well or badly each time according to our start in life1 and finally enjoying perfect terrestrial happiness here as a finished race of immortal beings--immortal in the sense of being indestructible and of possessing the gift of perpetual reincarnation8 ---- ,now1 this earthly reincarnation idea is what we have been driving at since the beginning of this particular article4 ,what is the argument against prior and subsequent existence here8 ,it is this3 ,if ,i am to live here again1 ,i must have lived here before4 ,if ,i have lived here before ,i do not know it1 and ,i do not look forward with pleasure to future existence here in which ,i shall not know myself4 ,this is a reasonable objection1 certainly4 ,reincarnation without consciousness of former existences would miss half the fun4 ---- ,but it is possible to be in too much of a hurry4 ,let us suppose that as yet we are not sufficiently developed to carry from one existence to another the memory of former existence4 ,suppose the time is to come when we shall suddenly advance as far beyond this intellectual stage as this stage of intellect is beyond that of the ,bushman4 ,is it not conceivable that we may suddenly be enabled to recall all former existences and to remember all the various happenings of our former lives8 ,may we not say1 ,there is ,mrs4 ,jones4 ,i was married to her six million years ago1 and we quarrelled8 ,it seems quite hopeable4 ,you cannot deny that it is possible4 ,for instance3 ,you now lead a continuous existence4 ,you know that you were alive three days ago and you remember what you did then4 ,but a baby four weeks old does ,,not know that he was alive three days ago and he does not know what he did then4 ,he has not reached a stage where his mind can grasp even the fact of continuous existence4 ,we may not have reached a stage enabling us to grasp continuous reincarnation4 ,think of this1 and see if you cannot get some comfort1 or at least some amusing speculation out of it4 ---- ,science admits and thinks it proves that the inorganic atom of matter is indestructible--that it persists forever4 ,why should we not admit--and ultimately prove--that the atom of organic force called a soul is indestructible and exists forever8 ,every atom of matter1 every particle of force1 existing in the visible universe will continue to exist billions of centuries after the universe shall have melted and lost its present shape4 ,the nail on your finger will exist as separate atoms when the ,milky ,way shall have faded from the heavens4 ,how does that strike you for immortality8 ,we predict that the mysterious force-atom called your soul will exist ,,and ,,know ,,itself ,,and ,,its ,,friends ten thousand billions of centuries from now and be as young as ever4 ,,discontent ,,the ,,motive ,,power ,,of ,,progress ,at first the baby lies fiat on his back1 eyes staring up at the ceiling4 ,by and by he gets tired of lying on his back4 ,,discontent with his condition makes him wriggle and wriggle4 ,at last he succeeds in turning over4 ,if he were contented then1 there would be no men on earth--only huge babies4 ,but ,,discontent again seizes him1 and through discontent he learns to crawl4 ,crawling--travelling on hands and knees--satisfied lower forms of animal life4 ,it used to satisfy us1 in the old days of early evolutionary stages4 ,but the human infant--thanks to inborn cravings--is ,,discontented with crawling4 ,with much trouble and risk and many feeble totterings1 he learns to walk erect4 ,he gets up into a position that takes his eyes off the ground4 ,he is able to look at the sun and stars and takes the position of a man4 ,,discontent is his mainspring at every stage4 ---- ,what discontent does in the limited life of a child1 it does on a much larger scale in the life of a man--and on a scale still larger in the life of a race4 ,you can always tell when a man has reached the limit of his possible development4 ,he ceases to be discontented--or at least to show discontent actively4 ,contentment1 apathy1 are signs of decadence and of a career ended in either a man or a nation4 ,if a baby lies still1 no longer wiggling or trying to swallow his toe1 you may be sure that he is seriously ill4 ,the nation that no longer wiggles is in a condition as serious as that of the motionless infant4 ---- ,the man or newspaper which imparts dissatisfaction--wise discontent to a nation or to individuals1 gives them the motive power that brings improvement4 ,ruskin as a young man declared that his one hope in life was to arouse some dissatisfaction4 ,the constant aim of men in talking to each other1 in writing for newspapers1 even in writing novels1 should be to arouse discontent4 ,in this column1 as our readers will have noticed1 the constant aim is to make the great crowd dissatisfied4 ,only through discontent can changes come and are there not causes enough for discontent and need enough for changes8 ,a majority of the people half educated1 and tens of thousands half fed4 ,children run over daily because they have no playground but the gutter4 ,men of noble aspirations kept down by hard work and poverty4 ,children left locked up alone all day while their mothers work for a pittance4 ,men1 uncertain of their future and of their children's future1 engage in a constant struggle for wealth that is not needed--a struggle that develops in the end a passion as useless as it is degrading4 ,unless you believe that the world is perfect because ,,you happen to have enough to eat and to wear1 you should be discontented4 ,you should remember that the world's achievements and great changes have all come from discontent1 and you should be1 in as many ways as possible1 a breeder of discontent among the human beings around you4 ,,the ,,automobile ,,will ,,make ,,us ,,more ,,human ,one of the commonest and most disagreeable sights in a big city is that of a strong1 brutal human being beating a weak and overworked horse because it refuses to do what it cannot do4 ,brutality inflicted upon horses is atrocious4 ,but the bad effect of such unkind treatment of animals on ,,human ,,character is far more serious than the actual physical suffering inflicted4 ---- ,the perfection of the automobile will do much to improve human beings by taking away from their control and from brutal coercion submissive animals4 ,everybody knows that the moral standard is raised immediately in a country when slavery is abolished4 ,in ,america we have abolished the slavery of human beings1 but we still adhere to horse slavery1 accompanied by all the worst forms of the old negro slavery4 ,the faithful slave may be beaten and driven to death4 ,the driver ,,must ,,be ,,brutalized4 ,every day1 on every street1 you may see stupid1 muscular boys and men jerking with all their might on the tender mouths of poor horses1 only too willing to do their best4 ,this brutal indifference to the sufferings of animals makes us brutal and indifferent in other directions4 ,with the advent of the automobile and the disappearance of horses from our cities1 horse slavery will be abolished and men1 compelled to use their brains in dealing with machinery1 will soon become more nearly human than they are at present4 ,the practical abolition of the street-car horse is one great step in advance4 ,the abolition of the truck horse1 carriage horse1 cab horse1 soon to come1 will complete the dream of those modern and highly deserving abolitionists1 the automobile inventors and manufacturers4 ,,let ,,us ,,be ,,thankful ,thanksgiving ,day1 ,november #bg1 #aijb4 ,let us be thankful first of all for one great right3 ,the right1 when dissatisfied1 to ,,say that we are dissatisfied1 and to try to make things better4 ,let us be thankful that every man--with few exceptions--has a holiday to-day4 ,however bad our national affairs may seem1 let us be thankful they are no worse4 ,and above all let us be thankful that we have the power and the constitutional right to change things1 just as soon as we become wise enough to use our ballots4 ---- ,let us be devoutly thankful for the ,,public ,,schools1 for the fact that every child is taught to read and encouraged to think4 ,the nation now declares that a child has a right to food for the mind1 as long as the child behaves properly4 ,we are not so far from the day when human decency will declare that every child and every human being has a right to food for the ,,body also1 as long as they behave1 and are ready for honest work4 ,let us be thankful for the constantly growing recognition of human rights4 ,the workingmen of ,america are better paid than they have ever been before4 ,more of them than ever are at work1 and the unions which protect them are more powerful than ever--let us be thankful for these facts4 ,the whole nation prospers when the workers of the nation are busy and well paid4 ,science has been1 and is1 making wonderful progress1 explaining for us daily the problems of the universe4 ,every man must be thankful that highly specialized brains are constantly at work piling up knowledge for him4 ,as a nation we are too big to fear successful attack1 and we are1 it is to be hoped1 too sensible to seek trouble with others4 ,let us be thankful that all things point to continued national1 mental development on peaceful lines1 free from the horrible wholesale murders1 called war1 that have bled and weakened all people through the ages4 ---- ,each of us individually has reason for thankfulness4 ,if you can feel that you are honestly trying to do your duty1 that is much to be thankful for4 ,if you are dissatisfied with yourself1 you should be thankful for the power of self-condemnation-- and thankful especially that you have long and blessed ,,time ahead of you to make up for your mistakes and improve your record4 ,we live in a wonderful age--wonderful in the fact that life and liberty are fairly secure2 wonderful in freedom of conscience4 ,you can believe in ,heaven1 ,hades1 ,christian ,science1 or in nothing at all--and as long as you do not interfere with others1 no one can imprison you1 or question1 or burn you at the stake4 ---- ,we should all be especially thankful for the steady awakening of the national mind4 ,we all pursue wealth--and doubtless circumstances compel us to pay too much attention to that line of effort4 ,but we are all ,,thinking also4 ,there are a thousand times more thinking1 reading men and women to-day in ,america alone than lived on earth half a century ago4 ,love of knowledge is spreading1 and with love of knowledge1 love of justice and a sense of fairness will always be found4 ,our material prosperity is great4 ,but it is out- balanced by our mental prosperity4 ,we are becoming a nation of ,,thinking men and women1 and since that means real development1 we have all reason to be thankful4 ,,the ,,harm ,,that ,,is ,,done ,,by ,,our ,,friends ,thought lives through the ages1 flies about over the earth1 and goes on visiting fresh minds1 after the mind that gave it birth has gone back to dust and nothingness4 ,an ,italian wrote words to this effect3 ,man is commanded to forgive his enemies4 ,nowhere is imposed on him the far more difficult task of forgiving his friends4 ,francis ,bacon1 the philosopher1 read in ,england the words of the ,italian and quoted them4 ,vincent ,w4 ,byars1 a very able thinking man of ,st4 ,louis1 read ,bacon's quotation out there1 and now1 coming to ,new ,york1 he says to this writer3 ,why don't you make an editorial on that old ,italian saying quoted by ,bacon8 ,italy--,england--,st4 ,louis--,new ,york--thus the idea has hopped about1 until to-day you get it in this column4 ,a million of you read it1 or at least glance at it2 and so1 if the idea has any value1 it will go hopping on all over the earth's surface long after the steel press that prints this paper shall have crumbled away4 ---- ,how little your ,,enemies can hurt you6 ,how little harm they do1 even when they try6 ,you are warned against them and on your guard4 ,the world knows they are your enemies1 and discredits what they say4 ,it is quite easy to forgive our enemies1 for they do us comparatively little harm4 ,but to forgive our friends would be hard indeed if we could realize how much harm they do us4 ---- ,,the ,,drunkard',s ,,friends ,who makes the drunkard8 ,his enemies8 ,no4 ,the drunkard is made by his friends4 ,when it is known that he is inclined to drink no enemy is so vicious as to lead him on4 ,no enemy slaps him on the back and begs him to take just another drink4 ,no enemy laughs down his poor1 feeble attempts at reform4 ,no enemy tells him that it will not hurt him just this time1 and that he really must not refuse to be a good fellow just for once4 ,the drunkard is ,,made a drunkard1 is pushed into the last depths of drunkenness1 by his friends4 ,and it is his friends who kick him and leave him and despise him when he has sunk into the mire4 ,did ever the drunkard's enemy hurt him as much as the friend has hurt him8 ---- ,,ambition ,,killed ,,by ,,friends ,a young man starts out to succeed in life4 ,his enemy may lie about him1 may call him worthless4 ,he may think he is hurting him4 ,if there is anything in the young man1 the enemy's lies and discouraging words only spur him on to greater effort4 ,they do him good4 ,it is the friend that ruins the young man by false1 injudicious1 unearned praise4 ,as artist1 poet1 writer1 clerk1 or in any other effort1 the young man begins his work4 ,it is his friends who tell him that he is a splendid success1 when he needs to be told that1 at best1 he has some slight chance of success1 and that everything depends on desperate effort4 ,look at the young1 conceited fool who1 instead of struggling on1 rails at the world1 feels that he is not appreciated4 ,he is a failure--a sad1 foolish failure4 ,he has been made a failure1 not by the attacks of his enemies1 but by the more dangerous praise of his friends4 ---- ,the lonely and friendless often succeed amazingly4 ,multum incola fuit anima mea 7,my spirit hath been much alone7 said the great ,bacon4 ,his mind fed on loneliness1 on failure1 and even on disgrace4 ,how much success is due to freedom from that harm which friendship does8 ,the reader can finish this editorial for himself with hundreds of other arguments4 ,this is enough for a sample4 ,,shall ,,we ,,tame ,,and ,,chain ,,the ,,invisible ,,microbe ,,as ,,we ,,now ,,chain ,,niagara8 ,when ,solomon was gathering his materials to build the ,temple1 his1 large cedar trunks from ,lebanon and his costly materials from everywhere1 he used oxen1 mules1 camels4 ,with all his wisdom1 he little dreamed that the day would come when his descendants1 instead of using mules and huge beasts of burden1 would heat water and with steam develop a force sufficient to tear his ,temple from its foundation4 ,still less did he dream that steam would eventually be superseded1 as clumsy and primitive1 by the invisible force of electricity4 ,when the thunder roared1 the lightning flashed and his conscience troubled him1 ,solomon1 turning away from his thousand wives and his numerous other doubtful associates1 put his head under the richly embroidered pillow1 worked1 perhaps1 by ,sheba's own fair hands--it did not enter his mind that that lightning could be tamed and put to work4 ,man has been gradually controlling and employing the various animals on the earth's surface4 ,he taught the elephant to haul wood and water and to fight his battles4 ,he trained the horse1 the dog4 ,he even taught falcons to bring him back birds from beyond the clouds1 and otters to catch fish in the bottom of lakes and rivers4 ,gradually he has made himself independent of his animal partners4 ,the rifle made the falcon useless2 steam destroyed the importance of the horse and the ox4 ,but apparently we have only begun using animal life4 ,we must run the whole gamut of the marvels of creation before conquering conditions on this earth4 ---- ,we used to train the biggest dogs to kill wolves4 ,the ,government of the ,united ,states is now breeding darning-needles to kill mosquitoes4 ,a certain kind of wasp1 with a black and white striped body1 spends his time killing house-flies1 and this creature could be bred and used to destroy the disease-spreading pests4 ,even the invisible insect life can be made most useful to man and to his health4 ,the latest plan for disposing of city sewage involves the cultivation of microbes1 to be employed as disinfectors4 ,several towns in ,illinois and in ,wisconsin have established plants for the purification of sewage by means of microbe life4 ,the collections of organisms invisible to the naked eye are to be kept in great antiseptic tanks1 and employed in the purification of the city 's refuse4 ,mosquitoes will ultimately be destroyed1 undoubtedly1 by breeding among them smaller creatures fatal to their existence4 ,man1 in his conquest and use of animal life1 will run the gamut1 from the biggest elephant1 employed as a public executioner in ,india1 to the invisible microbe1 doing a work ten thousand times more important all over the globe4 ,these infinitesimal microbes1 bred and controlled by science1 will do regularly and methodically the work which buzzards and vultures have done on land1 which sharks and dogfish have done at sea1 throughout endless centuries4 ,to the marvellous workings of nature we cannot possibly give too much thought or too great admiration4 ,gardens are filled with beautiful flowers1 and fields are fertile to-day because hundreds of years ago sea birds were devouring the carcasses of dead fish1 acting as nature's scavengers1 and building up the great guano fields of ,south ,america4 ,there is a ,peruvian millionaire in his big yacht1 and there is a rose in full bloom--the millionaire's money1 the beauty of the rose1 come from those birds that picked up the dead fish five hundred years ago4 ,it's an interesting world4 ,,the ,,elephant ,,that ,,will ,,not ,,move ,,has ,,better ,,excuses ,,than ,,we ,,have ,,for ,,folly ,,displayed ,this is an editorial which we shall merely suggest1 and which each reader will write out for himself4 ,in the ,zoological ,garden of ,new ,york a poor elephant has stood in chains for years4 ,the animal was thought to be vicious1 and was kept fastened tightly to one spot1 that it might have no leeway to do damage4 ,a short time ago its keeper became convinced that the elephant would do no harm and might safely be unchained4 ,the chains were taken off1 and the keeper thought with satisfaction that the poor beast would now enjoy freedom and be made happy by the possibility of moving freely about its large inclosure4 ,the elephant did not move4 ,the chains were gone1 it was no longer tied1 but it stood1 and it still stands1 in just the same spot4 ,the habit of slavery1 of monotony1 had become too strong4 ,the elephant1 though free1 stands still1 sadly swaying its heavy head1 ignorant of the freedom that has come to it4 ,men and women and children who see the elephant1 and other men who write paragraphs for the newspapers1 dilate on the poor animal's stupidity4 ,the elephant has been called the most intelligent of animals1 says one writer1 but this elephant1 that doesn't know when the chains are off1 seems to prove that the elephant can be a good deal of a fool4 ,how easy it is for us human beings to see the faults in others1 our fellows1 and the animals below us4 ,but which one of us can truly say that he is not in exactly the same position as that poor elephant1 fixed to one spot by the chains of long ago8 ,are we not still standing as a race just as we stood years and centuries ago1 ignorant of the freedom that has come to us8 ,thousands of splendid men have worked1 lived and died to free us from superstition1 from credulity1 from ignorance1 yet still we stand in the same place1 and fail to appreciate the freedom that is ours4 ---- ,millions of us1 tied down by foolish superstition1 are like that elephant--the chains are off1 but we stand still4 ,the road to peace1 happiness and universal progress has been shown us in the teachings of great leaders1 but we still stand in the same old place1 fighting1 hating1 cheating1 suspecting1 harming one another4 ,here and there there is a little progress2 gradually we begin to appreciate and enjoy the freedom that has been given to us with the striking away of old mental chains4 ,the process is slow4 ,look into your own mind4 ,do you take advantage of all the possibilities that are before you8 ,do you use your brain to control your existence1 acts and habits for your own benefit and the benefit of others8 ,if not1 you ought to sympathize with this poor elephant1 and realize that as your brain exceeds his in bulk proportionately1 so do you exceed him in the folly that misses opportunity4 ,,let ,,us ,,be ,,thankful ,you get tired of reading editorials in which one man1 spouting from his editorial pulpit1 lays down the law for you--without giving you a chance to reply or contradict4 ,so let us write this editorial together4 ,there you sit--the reader--in your street car1 or perhaps clinging to a strap1 and here we sit1 impersonal editorial creature1 thinking over thankfulness1 ,thanksgiving ,day1 and what reasons we have for feeling thankful4 ,let us talk as few platitudes as possible1 and try to get at a few of the inside workings of human life4 ---- ,you look across the car and hate the fat man who lounges and spreads his feet around so boorishly4 ,,let ,,us ,,be ,,thankful ,,that ,,we ,,so ,,readily ,,perceive ,,the ,,shortcomings ,,of ,,others4 ,much comfort is derived from others' failings4 ,in the quiet evenings we talk of our neighbors' weaknesses and we enjoy them4 ,by contrast we admire ourselves4 ,,let ,,us ,,be ,,thankful ,,that ,,we ,,never ,,appreciate ,,our ,,own ,,limitations4 ,each man's children are beautiful and promising in his view4 ,he cannot see the hopeless construction of their foreheads1 nor can he read in their eyes the sad absence of speculation4 ,let us be thankful for that4 ,the future depends on the good care awarded to almost worthless specimens now4 ---- ,,for ,,the ,,universal ,,instinct ,,of ,,thankfulness1 ,,let ,,be ,,deeply ,,thankful4 ,the thick-lipped negro on the ,congo finds a dead hippopotamus1 half eaten by wild beasts1 and in his woolly brain a dim1 misty feeling of ,,thankfulness is born4 ,the ,tartar bandit surprises mild ,chinese conducting a tea caravan across the stony desert4 ,he murders the mild ,celestials and feels ,,thankful as he contemplates the booty4 ,a great ,trust manager finds ways to add some millions to those which he already has and does not need4 ,in ,,thankful mood he gives two millions or three to education4 ,as inborn1 as instinctive as the beating of the heart in the human being is ,,thankfulness4 ,thankfulness is the unconscious acknowledgment of a ,higher ,power4 ,it is the indestructible evidence of man's permanent belief in just government of the universe4 ,it is the most hopeful1 the most promising feature of man's character4 ,for ,,thankfulness itself we should be thankful4 ---- ,if you want to succeed1 cultivate a feeling of hopeful thankfulness4 ,hopefulness1 thankfulness and success are as near akin as light1 heat and motion--the same force underlies1 makes up the first trio1 as it does the second4 ,if you find it hard to be thankful1 read a little of history1 and thankfulness will come4 ,thousands of millions of men have lived and suffered to make your existence here at least bearable4 ,you may not be satisfied1 but you have comforts that were not dreamed of by the luckiest a few centuries back4 ,you think the prosperous have too many privileges4 ,perhaps they have4 ,but when your great-grandfather was a young man a nobleman could order his lackeys to seize ,voltaire the greatest mind in ,europe--and beat him almost to death4 ,voltaire was locked up in the ,bastile for complaining4 ,thanks to the eternal row that ,voltaire kicked up1 you can never be treated as he was4 ,so be thankful to ,voltaire4 ,be thankful to the long line of plucky men and fighters--not forgetting ,christopher ,columbus--who have gone before you4 ,be thankful that you are alive in an interesting age with interesting events happening4 ,be thankful also that with thankfulness you combine the feeling of dissatisfaction1 of unrest that will push you ahead and give you cause for fresh thankfulness next year4 ---- ,we are thankful to have you for a reader4 ,we are thankful for the criticisms and friendly comments that you occasionally send4 ,we hope that you will enjoy your dinner to-day and not regret it to-morrow4 ,,what ,,will #iii ,,years ,,mean ,,to ,,the ,,human ,,race ,the street railroad company in the ,borough of ,brooklyn has just executed some leases to endure #iii years4 ,leases of property have also been made for the same period1 though1 of course1 a lease of #iii years will be about as binding #iii years from now as would a lease of the great pyramid executed the day after it was finished1 if such a lease should be presented at present to the ,egyptian ,government4 ,these preposterous leases are interesting because they bring vividly before the human mind the certainty of wonderful and splendid changes in human affairs4 ,the street railroad leases are especially fascinating to the imaginative mind4 ,they deal with present conditions and will seem inconceivably primitive hundreds of years before the leases will have ended4 ,these leases deal with miserable little electric cars crawling slowly over the face of the earth1 at either end an underpaid1 overworked man1 and in the middle a crowd of poor1 dissatisfied1 ill-housed human beings4 ,nine hundred and ninety-nine years from now the human race will not by any means have accomplished its destiny4 ,it will still be struggling on toward the goal of real civilization4 ,but it will have grown far beyond the savage condition of life that marks the execution of these long leases4 ,before these street railroad leases expire ,brooklyn and all other cities as they now exist will have disappeared from the earth4 ,perfect transportation1 underground1 overground and through the air1 will enable human beings1 if they choose1 to live as far from their work as does the seagull or the eagle4 ,it will no longer be necessary to crowd together in miserable tenements1 and homes will be scattered4 ,human beings undoubtedly will dwell in huge1 splendidly managed structures1 each in the centre of its own park1 far from the noise and the brutality of modern city life4 ,before the leases expire the combined cities of ,new ,york and ,brooklyn and ,yonkers and ,coney ,island and ,montauk ,point will have grown into an enormous1 hideous human aggregation of fifty million or more human beings4 ,even the city of a hundred millions may be seen4 ,but as that huge1 monstrous city will have grown1 so it will have died1 as the monsters of former geological epochs grew and died in their turn4 ,the site of the vanished great city will be covered with gardens1 and children in schools will be taught that human beings who once lived in the cliffs in the ,far ,west afterward gathered together in horrible municipal ant-hills in the ,east1 called cities1 before they learned how to live comfortably4 ---- ,before those street railroad leases expire the present temporary mania for money will have run its course4 ,once every important man felt that a certain number of slaves must be murdered at his funeral4 ,sometimes his favorite horse was shot4 ,in scores of millions of cases his wife was burned alive with his corpse4 ,we have outgrown that4 ,nowadays the great man who dies must leave behind him an accumulation of millions1 which means that thousands of men have worked to give him what he did not need4 ,before these leases shall have expired that form of financial barbarism will have ceased to exist4 ,it is reasonable to hope that the coming thousand years will have seen the end of industrial feudalism1 which has had its birth in our day1 and which will run its course as did the military feudalism of the ,middle ,ages4 ,what a marvellous picture the world will present one thousand years from now6 ,the earth will be adequately populated4 ,science will have conquered disease almost entirely4 ,each woman will be the mother of two children4 ,she will not bring five or six into the world in order that two or three may live4 ,competition will be replaced by emulation4 ,the intelligent servant of government will work as loyally and enthusiastically for his government and for the people as the boy at college now works for his college football team4 ,the human mind will have wandered on many leagues in its search for a satisfying religion1 getting always nearer to a clear conception of the grandeur of the universe1 and further away from the superstition necessary to the moral control of a brutal semi-civilization4 ,human beings will have learned that the noblest thing one man can do is to work for others4 ,each will gladly contribute all his talent and strength to the welfare of all4 ,all will gladly recognize1 applaud and richly reward the special ability of the individual4 ,there will be no poverty4 ,willingness to work will insure a comfortable livelihood4 ,education will have developed the average human intellect far beyond our conception4 ,nine-tenths of the human race have been able to read only within the past few years4 ,what will a thousand years of universal education do8 ---- ,the end of the leases of the ,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit ,company will find many of our problems solved4 ,it will find1 however1 the real work of man just beginning4 ,the abstract work of the intellect1 the proper organization of society as expressed in human passions1 the study of the wonderful and beautiful universe outside of our own little planet1 will then begin with the conquest of our material conditions4 ,,the ,,azores--,a ,,small ,,lost ,,world ,,in ,a ,,universe ,,of ,,water ,as you cross the ,atlantic by the ,southern route the sighting of the ,azores is one incident of your voyage4 ,just before daybreak the ship is shaking and the passengers roused by the deep tones of the big steam whistle4 ,one by one shivering forms straggle up from below1 like reluctant spirits answering a premature last call4 ,bare feet in slippers1 and shivering forms with overcoats over nightgowns1 gradually line the rails4 ,on the left there appears1 apparently1 a heavy1 dark bank of clouds3 ,the ,azores6 shouts down from the bridge your yellow-whiskered captain1 looking as cheerful and warm as though it were noon4 ,you watch1 shiver and blink as the light grows stronger behind the pinkish clouds in the east4 ,the dark cloud settles into solid land4 ,you see it clearly4 ,sharply outlined against the sky stands1 forty miles long1 a mammoth saw with huge teeth1 irregular1 sharp4 ,the power of old-time volcanoes made all of that land1 and those sharp saw-teeth1 pointing toward the sky1 are the destroyers of long ago1 cold and dead now1 but telling ominously of the power that lies hidden below4 ,between you and the brightening sunrise1 suspended in the crow's nest1 half way up the mast1 stands the sailor who watches the sea for you through the night4 ,he calls out1 and ahead to the left you see a small boat filled with human beings that seem scarcely as big as your finger4 ,your ship could plough through miles of such small boats-- but out there in the ocean1 just as well as inside the biggest court-house1 ,,law rules1 and the big ship must turn out for the small fishing boat4 ,you realize the power and beauty of law1 as our governor and sustainer4 ,you see that laws of little men reach out two thousand miles into the sea4 ,you think of the laws of the universe that stretch across the immeasurable distances of time and space1 protecting ,,all1 and insuring ultimate fulfilment of the destinies of all the worlds4 ,as those fishermen of the ,azores work safely1 under full protection1 in their little lost corner of the great ocean1 so we1 in our little world1 our little insignificant corner of space1 work out our tiny problems safely under the splendid protection of ,divine ,law and wisdom sent to us from some far- off point of which we know nothing4 ,the light of the rising sun brings out from shore many other small boats1 each with its load of men who wave their arms to the steamship and cheer against the sound of the waves and wind4 ,to them that ship is like the fast express that passes the country railroad station1 or the comet that whirls round our sun and off again4 ,those fishermen feel that ,,they are the ,,real world2 the steamship and outside creation are only half imagined1 interesting phenomena4 ,you look down from the deck and the fishermen seem unreal little ornaments of your ,european excursion4 ,and so the two sets of human beings go their ways--to each nothing is important1 save that which each is doing4 ,there are great planets and suns that roll past us across this cosmic ocean of ether4 ,our pathetic little round earth looks to them as that fishing-boat of the ,azores looks to you4 ,and ,,we think of those great interstellar travellers as the fisherman in his little boat thinks of the ocean liner--the great star to us is merely an interesting feature of ,,our sky4 ,and we actually wonder whether there is any thought on that big1 distant sun2 any intelligence on the vast ship that ploughs the ocean of limitless space4 ---- ,the high ridge of volcanic peaks and the others near it are made fertile and green by soil gradually developed through the centuries by seeds brought across the ocean by winds and birds4 ,the tops of the mountains are black lava4 ,lakes of black water fill some of the quiet craters4 ,only1 here and there1 the rising sulphur smoke from rocky fissures tells of heat and power smouldering4 ,the last great eruption of the volcanoes occurred a little more than two hundred years ago--so the inhabitants laugh if you speak of danger4 ,they forget that two hundred years in the earth's life is as two minutes in the life of a man--and that what a man did two minutes since he may do again4 ,fences are built across the fields of thin soil that cover the lava4 ,each inch of that land thrown up by fire belongs to some man4 ,white houses stand at the edges of deep lava canyons running from the mountain tops to the sea's edge canyons made by pouring lava or by the splitting of the mountains under fearful pressure4 ,children play about the blocks of lava--and all their lives1 no matter where they may go1 those children will think of that far-off island as the only real home1 and of black lava blocks as the only ,,real kind of stone4 ,from your passing boat you cannot see these children4 ,their little lives1 lost in the far-off sea1 seem as unimportant as the lives of the fish that swim below you4 ,but some child playing there to-day may be like that other island child1 ,napoleon1 and live to make the rest of the world talk about the island that bred him4 ,or1 better still1 some one of those children1 with a brain made powerful by solitude and noble thought1 may have the idea that shall help us all1 teach us more and more to think kindly of each other and help each other1 instead of passing each other coldly and indifferently as the big ship passes the little1 far-off island4 ,,no ,,napoleonic ,,chess ,,player ,,on ,,an ,,air ,,cushion ,,zangwill',s ,,idea ,,is ,,false--,,why ,,chess ,,playing ,,stunts ,,genius ,mr4 ,zangwill's keen intellect1 straining hard for striking pictures and word effects1 sees falsely the great general of the future4 ,he says3 ,the ,napoleon of the future will be an epileptic chess player1 carried about the field of battle on an air cushion4 ,in this condensed1 picturesque fashion ,mr4 ,zangwill expresses sententiously a number of mistaken ideas4 ,he thinks that the game of war is like the game of chess1 and that the future world conqueror will be a great chess player1 using men as pawns and the world as his chess-board4 ,he observes the curious and interesting historical fact that of the world's great conquerors many1 including the two greatest1 ,napoleon and ,alexander1 were afflicted with that mysterious disease1 epilepsy4 ,he concludes that the great general of the future will probably be a confirmed epileptic4 ,the ability of a fighting man to-day resides largely1 of course1 in the brain4 ,the general's ,,muscles no longer count as a fighting factor4 ,his battles are won or lost inside of his ,,skull4 ,mr4 ,zangwill concludes that the future great general will have a mind developed to an abnormal extent at the expense of the body--he sees in the future world conqueror an abnormal creature1 a giant brain perched on a miserable1 wasted body1 so feeble and delicate that it must be carried about the field of battle on an air cushion to prevent shocks4 ---- ,the quotation from ,zangwill which we print above contains only twenty-one words4 ,rarely have so many errors1 so many fundamental yet plausible errors1 been crowded into so little space4 ,the ,napoleon of the future1 the great conqueror1 will ,,not be a chess player4 ,the real ,napoleon whom we know had no love for chess or any other waste of time1 or any other form of self- indulgence4 ,chess is no game for a ,napoleon1 or for any other man who wants to embody real accomplishment in the story of his life4 ,,chess ,,is ,a ,,weak ,,game1 ,,for ,,it ,,admits ,,all ,,kinds ,,of ,,rules ,,and ,,all ,,kinds ,,of ,,foreordained ,,impossibilities4 ,the man who makes the world's great success will not be bound by rules4 ,the great men of the world are great because they refuse to ,,admit impossibilities4 ,the man who plays chess has two knights1 and these knights he can only send two squares in one direction and one square in another1 or one square in one direction and two squares in the other4 ,his two bishops can only move diagonally across the board1 one on the white and one on the black4 ,his castles lumber along on straight lines4 ,his king cannot be touched or taken1 and the game ends when the king is in fatal danger4 ,the queen1 in the dull game we call chess1 can do almost anything4 ,but ,napoleon was really a great man1 and the game of life that he played was very different from the chess game4 ,when the king was in hopeless danger1 ,napoleon's game had just begun4 ,others before him had looked upon kings on the board of life as the chess player looks upon the wooden or ivory king before him4 ,but to ,napoleon kings were pawns1 to be moved around and made ridiculous4 ,when he felt like it1 he made pawns into kings--the descendant of one of his pawn-kings reigns to-day in ,sweden4 ,napoleon's game deprived the queen of all power--she was less than a pawn4 ,,his game sent the bishops hopping back and forth1 diagonally or at right angles1 as he saw fit4 ,he created knights to his heart's content1 and he taught them to move as he wanted4 ,napoleon was great because there was nothing of the chess player about him4 ,he did not admit of regular1 foreordained moves on the chess-board or on the board of life4 ,,he ,,refused ,,to ,,consider ,,anything ,,impossible ,,until ,,he ,,had ,,tried ,,it4 ,he tells us himself that he deserved credit for crossing the ,alps1 not that he accomplished a difficult feat1 but because he refused to believe those who declared the feat impossible4 ,if anybody said ,check to ,napoleon1 he kicked over the chess-board and began a new game of his own--that was what surprised the poor1 dull old ,austrian generals in ,italy4 ,no2 the real great man is no chess player1 he has no chess player's mind4 ,and do you1 ,mr4 ,reader1 waste no time at chess1 if you have any idea of being ,,worth ,,while in a big or a little way4 ---- ,the ,napoleon of the future will be no epileptic4 ,that terrible disease has afflicted many of the noblest intellects1 and it is undoubtedly a disease brought on1 or at least intensified1 by great intellectual activity and a lack of co-ordination between the mental and physical operations of the body4 ,but some great men have been great1 not because of that terrible disease1 but in spite of it4 ,science will conquer that trouble1 as it has conquered others1 and the scientist to do this work will be1 himself1 one of the world's great men4 ---- ,the ,napoleon of the future will be no huge-brained dwarf1 with feeble body1 carried on an air cushion4 ,it is true that many great men of to-day are relatively small in body4 ,the gigantic muscle1 thick legs1 broad shoulders and hairy chests of the successful ,viking have nothing to do with modern achievement4 ,but it is also true that to-day1 as always1 the healthy mind lives in a healthy body1 and lives ,,on a healthy body4 ,as well expect to find the most perfect fruit on a withered1 half-dead tree1 as to find the most able brain in a withered1 half-dead body4 ,the blood is the life of the brain1 and unless a ,,healthy body supplies ,,healthy blood the brain's chance is small4 ,napoleon1 it's true1 was at one time a physical wreck--,,but ,,don',t ,,forget ,,that ,,his ,,greatness ,,was ,,also ,a ,,wreck ,,at ,,that ,,time4 ,the ,,great ,napoleon operated in a body tireless and powerful enough to remain thirty consecutive hours on horseback4 ,it was a body so powerful that criminal neglect and stupid ignorance of the laws of health were powerless against it for many years4 ,the ,napoleon that went to ,st4 ,helena dwelt in a worn-out body1 a fat1 degenerate perversion of the ,napoleon that conquered the world4 ,the great conqueror of the future1 ladies and gentlemen1 will be a splendidly original brain1 working through a perfectly developed body1 ,,and ,,working ,,for ,,the ,,mass ,,of ,,the ,,people1 ,,for ,,their ,,fare1 ,,not ,,for ,,their ,,conquest ,,and ,,oppression4 ,all of which is respectfully submitted to our readers for discussion and criticism4 ,a ,,girl',s ,,face ,,in ,,the ,,gaslight ,,and ,,an ,,important ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,world',s ,,work ,on a corner of ,rector street1 down near the river1 a loud drum was beating4 ,a guitar and a tambourine competed shrilly with the drum's dull booming4 ,slowly a careless crowd gathered round the ,salvation ,army workers4 ,there were bare-headed women1 little girls holding little babies in their arms1 sailors drunk1 and one or two sober1 'longshoremen pleased with the sound of the drum1 and a few of the thin1 hungry faces that disturb our well-fed happiness4 ,the man beat his drum1 standing erect and proud in his army uniform4 ,the two thin1 nervous young women played on guitar and tambourine with all their force1 striving to gather the crowd whom they hoped to make better men and women4 ,thirty or forty people gathered--glad to accept any noise and excitement in their dull lives4 ,the music stopped1 and a young girl stepped to the centre of the circle4 ,she was frightened4 ,her voice was weak at first4 ,gradually her thin1 pale face grew animated4 ,her blue eyes dilated4 ,in dull1 routine way1 doing her best1 earning respectful silence from the night crowd1 she told her story3 ,i was bad4 ,i tried to be good4 ,but ,i couldn't do it with my own strength4 ,i asked ,god to save me4 ,he did save me4 ,he will save you1 if you will ask ,him4 ,she spoke with a strong ,german accent4 ,with all her deep1 earnest soul1 with all her poor1 limited mental force1 she longed to help the men and women around4 ,as she spoke she bent her head farther and farther back1 until her eyes looked up to the sky4 ,there1 with perfect faith1 she saw the ,god whose work she was humbly doing in the muddy streets and flickering gaslight of the riverside4 ,while she could control her voice and her deep emotion she talked on her one theme--the power of ,god to help the helpless4 ,but she ,,believed1 and she ,,felt what she said4 ,soon the tears ran over from her upturned eyes1 and she could speak no more4 ,then a man began--thickset1 earnest1 with a strong ,scotch accent4 ,he talked to the men about him in a rough way that appealed to them4 ---- ,as the crowd stood listening many passed4 ,a few were contemptuous2 the majority were indifferent4 ,if you see these workers you ask perhaps3 ,what good do they do8 ,that is the question that may be asked of every man that ever lived1 and only ,one can answer it4 ,the thin1 white-faced girl1 playing1 singing and ,,preaching in the dirty street1 does this3 ,she touches the heart of a half-drunken man4 ,turning from the saloon door he goes home1 and takes to his wife and children as much of his wages as is left1 a feeling of repentance1 good resolutions4 ,her tears are answered by the tears of miserable girls and women who sink back into the shadow as they watch her pure face4 ,through them she helps to undo the horrible1 soul-destroying work of brutal civilization4 ---- ,mysteriously1 diversely1 the work of the world is done4 ,the storm1 endless in its power1 washes down the mountain-tops to fertilize the valley4 ,the tiny earthworm works in darkness1 crumbling up its little patch of earth to make it fit food for plants4 ,each does its work4 ,the mighty intellect with cyclonic force gives to mankind grand1 general views of cosmic grandeur1 and introduces to minds prepared the eternal silences1 and the vast serene fields of divine law4 ,,the ,,criminal ,,class ,,did ,,this ,,view ,,of ,,it ,,ever ,,occur ,,to ,,you8 ,much interest just now in ,,criminals4 ,much horror aroused by depravity4 ,many plans more or less appropriate for making the air pure4 ,many good men1 politicians1 women and bishops1 who spent the ,summer at the seaside willing now to spend a few days wiping ,,crime off the earth4 ---- ,what is ,,crime8 ,who are the criminals8 ,who makes the criminals8 ,do criminals viciously and voluntarily arise among us1 eager to lead hunted lives1 eager to be jailed at intervals1 eager to crawl in the dark1 dodge policemen1 work in stripes and die in shame8 ,hardly4 ,will you kindly and patiently follow the lives1 quickly sketched1 of a boy and a girl8 ,,the ,,girl ,born poor1 born in hard luck1 her father1 or mother1 or both1 victims of long hours1 poor fare1 bad air and little leisure4 ,as a baby she struggles against fate and manages to live while three or four little brothers and sisters die and go back to kind earth4 ,she crawls around the halls of a tenement1 a good deal in the way4 ,she is hunted here and chased there4 ,she is cold in ,winter1 ill-fed in ,summer1 never well cared for4 ,she gets a little so-called education4 ,ill-dressed and ashamed beside the other children1 she is glad to escape the education4 ,no one at home can help her on4 ,no one away from home cares about her4 ,she grows up white1 sickly1 like a potato sprouting in a cellar4 ,at the corner of a fine street she sees the carriages passing with other girls in warm furs1 or in fine1 cool ,summer dresses4 ,with a poor shawl around her and with heels run down she peers in at the restaurant window1 to see other women leading lives very different from hers4 ,steadily she has impressed upon her the fact1 absolutely undeniable1 that as the world is organized there is no especial place for her--certainly no comfort for her4 ,she finds work1 perhaps4 ,hours as long as the daylight4 ,ten minutes late--half a day's fine4 ,at the end of the day aching feet1 aching back1 system ill-fed1 not enough earned to live upon honestly--and that prospect stretches ahead farther than her poor eyes can see4 ,what's the charge1 officer8 ,disorderly conduct1 ,your ,honor4 ,there's the criminal1 good men1 politicians1 women and bishops1 that you are hunting so ardently4 ,,the ,,boy ,same story1 practically4 ,he plays on the tenement staircase--cuffed off the staircase4 ,he plays ball in the street--cuffed1 if caught by the policeman4 ,he swings on the area railing1 trying to exercise his stunted muscles--cuffed again4 ,in burning ,july1 with shirt and trousers on1 he goes swimming in the park fountain--caught and cuffed and handed over to the society4 ,a few months in a sort of semi-decent imprisonment1 treated in a fashion about equivalent to that endured by the sea turtle turned over on its back in the market4 ,he escapes to begin the same life once more4 ,he tries for work4 ,what do you know8 ,i don't know anything2 nobody ever taught me4 ,he cannot even endure the discipline of ten hours' daily shovelling--it takes education to instil discipline1 if only the education of the early pick and shovel4 ,he has not been taught anything4 ,he has been turned loose in a city full of temptation4 ,he had no real start to begin with1 and no effort was ever made to repair his evil beginning4 ---- ,what's the charge1 officer8 ,attempted burglary2 pleads guilty4 ,three years in prison1 since it is his first offence4 ,in prison he gets an education4 ,they teach him how to be a good burglar and not get caught4 ,patiently the ,state boards him1 and educates him to be a first-rate criminal4 ,there's your first-rate criminal1 ,messrs4 ,bishops1 good men1 politicians and benevolent women4 ---- ,dear bishops1 noble women1 good men and scheming politicians1 listen to this story3 ,in the ,south ,sea ,islands they have for contagious diseases a horror as great as your horror of crime4 ,a man or woman stricken with a loathsome disease1 such as smallpox1 is seized1 isolated1 and the individual sores of the smallpox patient are earnestly scraped with sea shells--until the patient dies4 ,it hurts the patient a good deal--without ever curing1 of course--but it relieves the feelings of the outraged good ones who wield the sea shells4 ,you kind-hearted creatures1 hunting crime in great cities1 are like the ,south ,sea ,islanders in their treatment of smallpox4 ,you ardently wield your reforming sea shells and you scrape very earnestly at the sores so well developed4 ---- ,no desire here to decry your earnest efforts4 ,but if you ever get tired of scraping with sea shells1 try vaccination1 or1 better still1 try to take such care of youth1 to give such chances and education to the young1 as will save them from the least profitable of all careers--,,crime4 ---- ,rich good men1 nice bishops1 comfortable1 benevolent ladies--every man and woman on ,blackwell's ,island1 every wretched creature living near a red light1 would gladly change places with any of you4 ,scrape away with your sea shells1 but try also to give a few more and a few better chances in youth to those whom you now hunt as criminals in their mature years4 ,god creates boys and girls1 anxious to live decently4 ,,your ,,social ,,system makes criminals and fills jails4 ,,the ,,wonderful ,,magnet ,,how ,,wild ,,superstition ,,settles ,,down ,,into ,,scientific ,,reality ,everybody knows something of the peculiarities of the magnet4 ,as a boy you led tiny painted ducks around the water basin1 holding a magnet in your hand1 or you owned a horseshoe magnet that would pick up nails and needles4 ,you know now in a general kind of way that the magnet is a very useful as well as a somewhat mysterious thing4 ,the old ,greeks and ,romans simply knew that some remarkable iron ore found in ,lydia1 near the town of ,magnesia1 and hence called magnet1 was capable of drawing and holding pieces of metal4 ,the ancients had the wildest theories concerning the magnet1 just as we have wild theories about things that are new and strange to us to-day4 ,they thought that the magnet could be used in cases of sickness1 that it could attract wood and flesh1 that it influenced the human brain1 causing melancholy4 ,they believed that the power of a magnet could be destroyed by rubbing garlic on it1 and that power brought back again by dipping the magnet in goat's blood4 ,they believed that a magnet could be used to detect bad conduct in a woman2 they believed that it would not attract iron in the presence of a diamond4 ,they believed much other nonsense quite as ridiculous as the nonsense that we believe to-day4 ---- ,it must have seemed a great waste of time in wise men in the old days to discuss the magnet or think about it at all4 ,please observe how the apparent nonsense of early speculation finally ripens into actual utility1 and learn to respect those who deal as best they can with questions that seem beyond our comprehension4 ,first the magnet was made actually and wonderfully useful in the compass4 ,who discovered the compass nobody knows4 ,it was probably invented by the ,chinese and brought to ,europe through the ,arabs4 ,anyhow1 some genius found out that a small needle brought in contact with the so-called lodestone1 or magnetic ore1 absorbs the qualities of the lodestone1 and when placed on a pivot will always point to the north4 ,in the magnet there were and there still are many mysteries4 ,a form of perpetual motion seems to be embodied in the principle of magnetism4 ,one strange fact is this1 that the weight of the metal is exactly the same before it is magnetized and after it is magnetized4 ,early students thought that the magnet pointed toward some particular spot in the sky1 perhaps some magnetic star4 ,one genius felt sure that there must be huge mountains of lodestone near the ,north ,pole4 ,this suggestion was followed by ingenious yarns to the effect that in the extreme ,north ships had to be built with wooden nails1 instead of iron nails1 as the magnetic mountains would draw the iron nails out of the ship4 ,after this came the more rational conception that our own earth is a great magnet1 and that the little magnet in the compass simply obeys in pointing1 the greater force of the earth magnet4 ---- ,this editorial generalizing on the magnet is brought about by an incident telegraphed from ,vallejo1 ,california4 ,john ,gettegg1 apprentice in the ,navy ,yard1 had imbedded in his cheek a flying piece of steel4 ,to get it out would apparently have demanded a painful and difficult surgical operation1 as the piece of steel had entered the bone4 ,but the head electrician1 ,petrio1 simply placed near the wounded boy's face an electro-magnet capable of lifting five hundred pounds1 and the sharp piece of steel instantly flew out of the cheek and attached itself to the magnet4 ,so much for one proof of the value of developing what may seem at first to be a foolish set of experiments4 ,in thousands of ways to-day this magnetic power is utilized4 ,you can buy strawberries in baskets very cheap1 partly because the baskets cost very little for labor4 ,the man who tacks them together uses a magnetized tack hammer4 ,this magnetic tack hammer picks up the tacks of its own accord1 and the man drives them in the basket as fast as he can touch the magnet to the heads of the tacks and strike the basket4 ,in the great steel works where armor plate is made powerful magnets are used to carry the hot plates from one place to another4 ,the magnet lifts up the hot1 soft metal without denting it or damaging it and drops it down where it is wanted4 ,the power which moves trolley cars through the streets is nothing in reality but an application of the force of the magnetic principle4 ---- ,that the earth itself is a great magnet cannot be questioned4 ,and there is no doubt that each of us human beings is a compound magnet on his own account1 depending for his welfare on magnetic force4 ,the millions of red corpuscles in the blood1 each with its infinitesimal particles of iron1 absorb in the lungs and distribute throughout the body the electric forces on which we depend1 and with which we do our work4 ,when you read of men and women dealing in a blundering kind of a way with abstract1 abstruse speculations and problems1 do not laugh at them too heartily4 ,they are no more ridiculous than the old ,greeks who thought that a magnet could be regulated by garlic or goat's blood4 ,and their wild theories of to-day may settle down into great utility centuries from now4 ,this applies to ,christian ,science1 faith cures1 telepathy1 and the many other speculations of the present day4 ,there is unquestionably much future fruit and value in many or all of them4 ,,who ,,is ,,independent8 ,,nobody ,we all have our moments of imagining ourselves ,,independent characters4 ,we take pride in our independence and are never as foolish as when trying to prove how independent we are4 ,every man1 to begin with1 is born absolutely at the mercy of his ancestry4 ,you have not a thing in you1 and you never will have a thing in you1 that you did not inherit from some one of the thousands and thousands of ancestors1 all of whom are dimly stored away in your complex make-up4 ,you may develop marvellously the faculties which they gave you4 ,but you ,,are ,,dependent on those who brought you into the world1 and upon those back of them4 ,the ,kaffir1 sober1 industrious1 honest1 with all the virtues rolled up within him1 has not a fragment of one chance in ten thousand billions of equalling the achievements of a tenth-rate white man whose ancestral start was better4 ---- ,after birth you start with dependence on your ancestors1 and after youth you are dependent on your education4 ,facts are your tools1 and you can't work without them4 ,if your mind has the right formation1 if your brain is provided with the deep convolutions1 and good luck has supplied you with a good education in youth1 the whole thing is dependent on your health--on your liver1 your stomach1 or some other part of your internal machinery4 ,very often your success is dependent on your temper and tact4 ,these depend on your digestion4 ,digestion1 of course1 depends on your cook1 and the cook's attention to business may depend on the politeness of the policeman in front of the house4 ,you may ,,feel absolutely independent and ,,think you are independent1 when as a matter of fact you are miserably dependent on the mood of the policeman who has snubbed the lady who cooks your food4 ,,when ,,we ,,begin ,,using ,,land ,,under ,,the ,,oceans ,,big ,,work ,,ahead ,,for ,,man1 ,,kind ,,friends ,there is a great deal of water on this earth of ours and a great deal of land underneath it4 ,all the treasures of these hidden plains are simply put away for our future use by bountiful nature1 as prudent parents put money in the savings bank for their young ones4 ---- ,already in ,chili they are mining coal under the bed of the ,pacific ,ocean1 and the traveler may ride on electric cars through solid tunnels of coal beneath the waters of the greatest ocean4 ,the tin mines in ,wales extend far out beneath the sea4 ,workers in the ,calumet and ,hecla mines work beneath the waters of ,lake ,superior4 ,oil wells are worked out beyond the edge of the ,pacific ,ocean4 ,you may see the oil derricks just off ,santa ,barbara's surf4 ,in the bay of ,san ,francisco artesian wells1 going through the preliminary depths of salt water1 bring the water of fresh submarine springs to the surface4 ,but these little enterprises are but faint beginnings of the great work that man has to do in exploiting the wealth beneath the waters covering two-thirds of the earth's surface4 ,this earth will be quite a romantic abode when sub-oceanic exploitation reaches full development1 when the great gold mines beneath the waters are indicated simply by latitude and longitude4 ,mars1 with his huge canals distributing a planet's waters scientifically1 will be matched perhaps by our network of tunnels under the water from here to ,asia1 and by our boring1 with the aid of cooling mediums1 toward the earth's centre and bringing up metals in a molten state4 ,before he finishes with her1 man will make old earth know that he is at work in her midst4 ,he will make the harnessing of a tiny ,niagara or the boring of a poor little isthmus seem feeble efforts4 ,,where ,,your ,,body ,,came ,,from ,,let ,,it ,,be ,,scattered ,,as ,,it ,,was ,,gathered ,did you ever think about the construction of the body which you inhabit8 ,did it ever occur to you that your shoulders and hands and chest and legs and lungs are made of contributions from widely different parts of the earth8 ,your brain1 a wonderfully complex machine1 the seat of thought and of the will1 is packed away in darkness in the bony skull4 ,the heart1 working ceaselessly1 pumps the blood that feeds the brain and makes possible its work4 ,the eyes1 with the aid of the nerves that perceive light1 guide you4 ,the ears1 with the nerves that interpret sound waves1 tell their story4 ,like a central operator with a million wires leading to him1 your ,,individuality1 a wonderful mystery without form1 matter or name1 sits in your brain guiding the body4 ---- ,where did the body come from8 ,part of it came from potatoes grown on ,long ,island1 and part of it from spices grown in ,ceylon4 ,in your nerves there is the extract of tea leaves gathered by a ,chinese girl on the other side of the world4 ,your blood is purified and made red by the wind that blew across the ,rocky ,mountains only a few hours ago4 ,that current of oxygen has helped build up your strength4 ,a month ago an ox was eating grass in ,texas4 ,many millions of years ago the pollen of huge fern trees was falling to the earth in the carboniferous era and making coal4 ,to-day1 part of the backbone of the ox from ,texas with the meat attached is laid on the fire of coal made by those fern trees1 and the ,texas ox and the fern pollen combined help to build up your body4 ,that same body is three-quarters water1 and of that water part was once the ,pacific ,ocean2 part1 perhaps1 was drunk up by a whale before it reached you2 and part floated in clouds over the ,southern ,sea4 ---- ,your imagination can carry the picture as far as it will--to the fisherman catching your sardines in the ,north1 and the dark man gathering your oranges in the ,south or your dates in some oasis4 ,we want to suggest this idea to you4 ,since the body is gathered from all parts of the world1 from all corners of our little speck of the material universe1 should it not be scattered1 at death1 as it was gathered during life8 ,is not the destruction of the body by fire far better than hideous burial in the earth8 ,the body that fire destroys goes back to nature1 instantly reduced to its original elements4 ,is not such disposition of the body more in accord with nature's laws and with respect for the dead than our present custom8 ,would it not be pleasanter to think that one we cared for had gone back to the air1 with only a handful of ashes remaining1 than to think of the dark1 close1 lonesome grave far below the sunlight1 clogging and uselessly occupying part of the earth1 which should be devoted to growth and cheerfulness8 ,,how ,,marriage ,,began ,,haphazard ,,reflections ,,on ,,grave ,,topics4 ,at stated times we mortals have stated visitations4 ,one day it is the grippe1 next day the financial problem4 ,just now it is the marriage and divorce question1 with much learned expounding by the good and the pure1 such as bishops and members of ,sorosis4 ---- ,what is marriage8 ,how did it begin8 ,whence does it come8 ,why is it a feature of human life wherever that life is found4 ,you must begin with such questions4 ,always study beginnings4 ,nothing can be learned by taking hold of a thing in the middle and examining its imperfections4 ,the first priest to join man and woman together was no benign being with lawn sleeves and soul-stirring words4 ,marriage was brought about on this earth by the will and wisdom of ,god ,almighty working through primitive babyhood4 ,in the old days1 when the world was cruder1 men and women ran wild through forests and swamps4 ,they fought nature1 fought each other1 as savage as other beasts around them4 ,there was no love2 there was no marriage4 ,the instincts of self-preservation and of reproduction worked alone to keep the race here through its hard childhood4 ---- ,but in cold stone caves or in rough nests under fallen tree trunks savage children were born and nursed by their savage mothers with savage affection4 ,through those infants of the stone age1 or of ages much earlier1 marriage and pure affection came into the world4 ,it is not hard to reproduce in our minds the picture of the first marriage4 ,a savage woman1 half human1 half ape1 with rough1 matted locks hanging round her face1 sits holding her new-born baby1 protecting it from wind and cold4 ,it is a queer baby1 covered perhaps with reddish hair1 its brow no higher than a rat's4 ,its jaw protrudes2 its tiny1 grimy hands clutch with monkey power all things within reach4 ,along comes the father1 full of plans to kill a mammoth or a cave bear2 interested in his stone-tipped club1 but caring nothing for the mother1 who has been for some time only a whining nuisance4 ,he stops for a second to look at the small creature which he has added to earth's animal life4 ,its misshapen skull1 ferret eyes1 miniature shoulders--something about it reminds him of his royal self1 as studied in the pool4 ,he stoops to look closer4 ,his bristly hairs are grabbed1 and a weird1 insane1 toothless grin lights up the little monkey face4 ,then the savage takes a new view of life2 there the marriage institution and the marriage problem are born simultaneously4 ,says the mammoth hunter1 with whistling words and hoarse throat sounds half articulated3 ,i like this baby4 ,he's like me4 ,let me hold him4 ,don't you go out with him looking for food1 and don't leave him alone while ,i'm gone4 ,i've got a bear located4 ,no one can beat me killing bears4 ,i'll bring the bear's heart to you this evening4 ,you can give this baby some of the blood4 ,it will do him good4 ,don't have anything to say to that mammoth hunter in the next swamp4 ,i want you to stick to me4 ,i'll look after you4 ,i have taken a fancy to that baby4 ,he looks very much like me4 ,off goes the father1 and that savage mother1 in a primitive way1 is a wife4 ,hereafter she is to be cared for4 ,bears will be killed for her1 even while she has children to keep her busy and unattractive4 ,society takes a new turn and the red-haired baby has done it4 ,to childhood1 helpless and beautiful1 we owe marriage and all that growth of morality which is gradually making us really civilized4 ,the basis of all real growth is altruism2 and altruism1 the inclination to think more of others than of yourself1 came into the world through the cradle4 ,we owe such civilization as we have acquired to children4 ,a softened pressure of an uncouth hand1 a human gleam in an almost animal eye1 an endearment in an inarticulate voice--feeble things enough4 ,yet in these faint awakenings lay the hope of the human race4 ---- ,the influence of childhood has transformed mere animal attraction into unselfish affection4 ,it has substituted family life for savage life4 ,the interests of childhood demand that marriage and its responsibilities be held sacred4 ,duty to future generations demands that divorce be made difficult and considered a misfortune4 ,marriage1 brought into the world through the influence of children1 should be dissolved only with due regard for the interests of children4 ---- ,an unhappy marriage is earth's worst affliction4 ,quite true4 ,but it is not affliction wasted4 ,examples are needed to warn the young against the matrimonial recklessness which underlies most unhappy marriages4 ,unhappy wives and husbands are human light-houses--lonely1 but useful4 ,if a gentle little ,alderney calf should marry a sleek young zebra and afterward get kicked to death for her pains1 we should all sympathize with her4 ,but we should expect other mild-eyed ,alderneys after that to beware of zebras4 ,as a matter of fact1 this present divorce talk1 which sets the good to fluttering1 really interests a very unimportant class4 ,the man who spends his life spending what he didn't earn1 feeding his physical senses1 who goes from rum to the races1 from the races to the opera1 and from the opera to roulette1 wears out his nervous sensations4 ,he then thinks that he is unhappily married4 ,he has possibly driven his wife to being seven kinds of a fool4 ,but that is not her fault4 ,a man who marries a woman undertakes to make her happy and keep her busy4 ,if he keeps his contract1 she will keep hers4 ,if he fails1 he has no right to experiment on another unfortunate4 ,the divorce class is a self-indulgent1 malformed class1 not worth notice4 ---- ,professor ,cope1 an earnest man and serious thinker1 believed that marriages should be contracted on probation--say for five years1 with the right on both sides to refuse a renewal4 ,theoretically1 this would be beautiful4 ,it would make courtship permanent1 abolish curl-papered wives in the morning1 and tipsy1 bragging husbands at night4 ,but it wouldn't work4 ,it would be all right for women4 ,they are only too willing to be faithful and permanent4 ,but men cannot be trusted4 ,the animal in them1 so essential long ago1 when the race was struggling for a foothold1 has not been obliterated4 ,they have got to be ,,made responsible and ,,held responsible4 ---- ,as a matter of fact1 there really is no marriage or divorce problem which sensible beings need consider4 ,at present men are not good enough to be trusted with liberal marriage or divorce laws4 ,when they are good enough the laws will not be wanted4 ,for the man fully developed and fully moral will know what he is doing when he goes into a marriage contract4 ,his stability of character will insure permanency4 ,there will be no need of laws4 ,at one time the ,english laws regulated the conditions under which a man might beat his wife4 ,the stick1 said the law1 must not be thicker than the husband's thumb4 ,some ,englishmen have very thick thumbs1 and the law was doubtless hard on some thin1 worn-out women4 ,but that law is no longer needed4 ,men have outgrown the need of regulations in wife-beating4 ,in time they will outgrow the need of laws regarding infidelity and lack of self-respect4 ,,man',s ,,willingness ,,to ,,work ,what a fortunate thing it is that men want to work and like to live6 ,suppose for a moment that the out-of-work1 hungry1 unlucky creatures1 numbering one hundred thousand in ,new ,york ,city1 should suddenly change their character4 ,it is a harmless supposition1 as it implies that a great body of good1 though unlucky1 men should be suddenly metamorphosed4 ,but suppose1 for instance1 that one hundred thousand men should have a meeting and say3 ,the ,state provides food1 lodging and good care for every thief4 ,it does not provide anything for us4 ,let us therefore accept the situation like philosophers and become thieves4 ,suppose the hundred thousand men thereupon1 very quietly1 without any show of violence1 should each proceed to steal something and then announce the intention to accept the consequence by pleading guilty4 ,it would embarrass the ,state and the reigning powers1 would it not8 ,what could society do with a hundred thousand self-confessed thieves to take care of8 ,it could not lock them up4 ,it could not let them go4 ,it could not nominally sentence them and have the ,governor pardon them1 because the hundred thousand would then proceed to steal something else4 ,what could be done8 ,nothing4 ,there is no punishment save imprisonment for theft1 and the wholesale thieves would ask for and demand imprisonment with the usual rations4 ,we think society is well balanced and that everything is ingeniously provided for4 ,so it is2 but everything hinges on the extraordinary fact that the hungry1 thin1 common1 shiftless1 luckless man at the very bottom is still a ,,man4 ,he will not be a thief1 and he will die of hunger and cold1 as poor fellows do almost every winter day1 rather than take the food that society guarantees to the thief4 ,we attribute much to our own wisdom and the wisdom of our laws4 ,but we owe almost everything to the instinct of self-preservation and to that second1 very peculiar1 instinct called pride4 ,,the ,,human ,,brain ,,beats ,,the ,,coal ,,mines ,for six million years1 during the carboniferous period1 the tree ferns dropped their pollen dust to the earth forming coal beds which now cook our dinners and incidentally make ,j4 ,pierpont ,morgan so prosperous4 ,a good deal of useless anxiety has been devoted to the questions3 ,what will the human race do when the coal gives out8 ,shall we freeze1 or begin planting huge forests of wood1 or what8 ,in the first place1 coal will not give out for a long1 long time4 ,in the second place1 its disappearance will not make the slightest difference1 for in the few cubic inches of the human brain nature has stored up treasures greater than all those hidden in the depths of the earth4 ,the creation of the human brain took more years than the creation of the coal fields1 but the brain's resources are inexhaustible4 ,a ,german workman now comes along who has discovered a chemical substitute for coal1 better than coal in many ways1 and before this ,german shall have been dead many years some other will find a further substitute far better and cheaper than his4 ,there is endless heat power in the action of the tides1 in the rush of ,niagara1 in the winds1 and in endless chemical combinations4 ,heat is motion1 and the ,universe is motion4 ,men will soon cease lighting tiny bonfires to obtain crude heat in a crude way4 ,electricity or the sun's own rays1 concentrated for heating purposes1 will do the work without any digging in mines by men1 or delving in ashes and clinkers by women4 ,the story of antiquity1 more or less fictitious1 of the burning of a fleet with the aid of a glass and the sunbeams1 will be matter-of-fact reality long before the coal shall have been exhausted4 ,,how ,,the ,,other ,,planets ,,will ,,talk ,,to ,,us ,we talk of civilization as though it necessarily implied improvement4 ,civilization means the school and the library1 but it also means the prison and the poorhouse4 ,two short stories illustrate different views of what we call civilization3 ,aristippus was a young ,greek gentleman of large means1 genuine intellectual power1 a sense of humor and a reputation as a philosopher4 ,he was on his way to ,corinth with a young lady named ,lais1 or possibly he was coming from ,corinth with her4 ,anyhow1 he was wrecked on the voyage4 ,if you know anything about the reputation of ,lais1 you know that the philosopher was badly employed1 and that the ,greek gods doubtless wrecked his vessel to impress upon his mind the importance of morality4 ,thrown ashore on a barren stretch of sand1 the philosopher was very sad at first4 ,he observed on the sand the remains of certain geometrical drawings1 and instantly exclaimed3 ,there is help near4 ,here ,i see signs of thinking men1 of civilization4 ---- ,voltaire tells of wrecked individuals thrown on a lonely coast1 and also much distressed and frightened4 ,they saw no geometrical tracings in the sand4 ,but on a bleak moor in the twilight they saw the black beams of a gibbet1 and below the cross-piece1 swinging in the wind1 they saw a human skeleton with bony wrists and ankles chained together4 ,prayerfully the wanderers dropped on their knees and exclaimed with upturned eyes3 ,thank ,god1 we have got back to civilization4 ---- ,thus1 you see1 there are varying signs of civilization4 ,there is a great gulf between the signs perceived by ,aristippus--signs of the mental activity which engages in geometrical demonstrations--and ,voltaire's sign of civilization--the brutal execution of a brutal criminal4 ---- ,those accustomed to waste time in speculations that cannot bring a financial return may be interested in the following application of the sign of civilization which ,aristippus immediately recognized back in the days of two thousand years ago4 ,we know that some day the inhabitants on ,mars or some other planet will want to talk to us4 ,they have doubtless been studying us and consider us still too barbarous and primitive to be worth talking to4 ,but when we become semi-civilized1 in the cosmic sense of the word1 the older and wiser planets will get ready to open communication with us4 ,how will they go about it8 ,they are perhaps absolutely different from us1 in shape1 in manner of thought1 in every conceivable way1 including language1 customs1 and so on4 ,,but ,,geometrical1 ,,mathematical ,,facts ,,are ,,the ,,same ,,throughout ,,the ,,universe4 ,will not the wise ,martian who wants to speak to us and decides to flash some message down here on our clouds1 or on the surface of the water1 utilize the universality of geometrical truths in order to make us understand that thinking beings are trying to talk to us8 ,the sum of the angles of any triangle is equal to two right angles4 ,that is true of every triangle1 no matter what its shape1 no matter whether it be drawn on this earth or on the most distant sun4 ,therefore1 when the ,martian gentleman gets ready to talk to us he need only repeatedly place before us two right angles followed by a triangle1 or a triangle followed by two right angles4 ,instantly1 like ,aristippus1 we can say there is civilization in ,mars1 or wherever that sign comes from1 or at least there is organized thought4 ,the mind that is flashing that sign knows something about geometry4 ,of course1 we should also recognize signs of civilization if the ,martians should project upon our atmosphere a skeleton hanging in chains4 ,but it is to be hoped that the ,martians have got beyond that particular evidence of civilization4 ,,shall ,,we ,,do ,,without ,,sleep ,,some ,,day8 ,a half-developed being like man1 hanging midway between primitive barbarism and ultimate perfection1 should study the insect tribes which appear to have realized the possibilities of development in their line4 ,the study of the ant and the bee1 the spider and the scorpion should fill us with hope4 ,we should say to ourselves3 ,if these tiny fragments of life can develop so highly1 what may not ,,we hope for in the way of ultimate possibilities8 ,our beginning is so much more full of promise than the beginnings of our tiny insect brothers4 ---- ,this writer1 taking his own advice1 which is most unusual1 has been trying to get acquainted with some insects in the hope of cheering himself and getting new ideas4 ,from the female scorpion we acquire fresh veneration for the possibilities of maternal devotion4 ,the mother of the ,gracchi has been well advertised because she preferred her sons to jewelry4 ,the ,russian mother who feeds herself to the wolves1 instead of throwing her boy over the back of the sleigh in the usual way1 is also highly praised4 ,but their devotion shrinks to nothing when compared with that of any poor mother scorpion of ,mexico's sandy tracts4 ,as soon as her young scorpions arrive1 they climb to her back1 half a hundred of them or more4 ,she moves about with them1 protecting them1 avoiding danger1 giving them the sunlight4 ,meanwhile they are feeding on her body4 ,her movements get gradually slower and slower2 finally they cease4 ,the young scorpions depart leaving the mother scorpion simply an empty shell4 ,we should dislike to see any such exhibition of tenderness among human beings1 but we can't help admiring the scorpion4 ,mr4 ,scorpion1 placed as was ,captain ,dreyfus1 would sting himself to death4 ,they are a determined race4 ---- ,spiders who construct tiny balloons with little cars all complete are wonderful creatures4 ,they cross chasms in their balloons1 throwing out bits of trailing web which seem to act as rudders4 ,in their little way and in a perfectly adequate fashion they have solved aerial navigation1 which still puzzles us4 ,we admire spiders and kill only those with yellow stomachs1 which are poison4 ---- ,but up to the present we have found the ant the most interestingly suggestive creature4 ,he has developed and understands stirpiculture--the improvement of the race by careful breeding--which with us is as yet mere theory1 and as we look down at the ant1 we look up to him because the strangely active creature manages to do without sleep4 ,we human beings drowse through thirty years of our threescore and ten1 but the ant is awake and working all the time4 ,if the ant has managed to live without sleep1 if he has acquired the faculty of lifelong wakefulness1 why should we not do as much in time8 ,we take it for granted that sleep is essential1 as we take everything else for granted4 ,we used to take it for granted that the earth was flat1 but we have stopped that4 ,sleep was at one time forced upon man and other animals4 ,the earth in its rollings turned away from the sun once in every twenty-four hours4 ,in the darkness of the beginning man said to himself3 ,if ,i go walking around1 ,i shall fall into a hole1 so ,i shall lie down and wait until the sun comes again4 ,he did as all the animals did before him for millions of years4 ,since that time1 man has conquered darkness4 ,why should he not ultimately conquer sleep8 ,we know that thin men1 nervous1 highly organized1 do with far less sleep than others4 ,we know that old age requires less sleep than youth4 ,can we not cultivate and develop the characteristics which make sleep less necessary8 ,higher races of apes have abolished tails4 ,can't we abolish sleep8 ---- ,as old age needs less sleep than babyhood1 so in our maturity as a human race we shall probably demand less sleep than now in our racial babyhood4 ,perhaps none at all will be needed4 ,if that happens our lives will be doubled in value1 they will be complete4 ,the hours of sunlight will be devoted to examination and admiration of nature's beauties on this earth4 ,the hours of darkness1 given up to sleep no longer1 will be devoted to the study of space1 to investigation among other worlds4 ,that kind of life will be worth while4 ,bear in mind that we shall only really begin to live on this earth when we shall have settled all the little social and material questions here and shall have begun in earnest the study of the universe in which we are a speck4 ,the days of the future will be given up to artistic enjoyment of the beautiful4 ,the nights will be devoted to intellectual development and research4 ,man will ,,live4 ,,the ,,three ,,best ,,things ,,in ,,the ,,world ,if you had choice of all qualities which man can possess1 which three would you declare most important8 ,this question is submitted as interesting every man4 ,we give our answer2 if yours is different1 send it here4 ---- ,,self-,,control4 ,,justice4 ,,imagination4 ,those we think the most important elements in the human character4 ,a man fully and evenly equipped with all three would be greater than any the world has known4 ---- ,,self-,,control you must start with4 ,it makes life worth while4 ,it frees you from the danger of remorse1 the wasted time of self- reproach4 ,it sees opportunities as they come2 saves you from damaging temptation4 ,it is as important to a brain as is physical equilibrium to a work of masonry4 ,a man without self-control1 a building out of plumb1 cannot endure4 ,,justice4 ,it is the foundation of all reputation worth the having4 ,it is to man as necessary as the compass to a ship4 ,it is the compass4 ,justice will give reputation for greatness though you create nothing great4 ,it will win affectionate reverence in life and a gratifying gravestone at life's end4 ---- ,,imagination4 ,greatest gift to man4 ,it finds him grovelling here a pithecoid littleness4 ,the rough hair is gone from his body4 ,his thumb has lost its monkey smallness2 he walks flat on his feet4 ,but beyond that he has naught else to thank material nature for4 ,all the rest comes to him from imagination4 ,marvellous work she performs4 ,she takes naked man with his low forehead1 with his gruntings and whistlings through his teeth1 and makes of him what man was meant to be4 ,very slowly she works1 but ceaselessly4 ,her task is not nearly ended4 ,at her first glimmerings man's real life begins4 ,he learns from her to add wood to a fire4 ,no monkey ever did it4 ,that stamps him a man4 ,soon1 with her help1 he leaves the earth and travels off ten thousand million miles into space4 ,he counts the suns in the ,milky ,way2 travels in the air1 under the water2 harnesses lightning1 controls nature4 ,by ,,imagination he is made ,,captain of this earthen ship on which he travels through space4 ,,imagination separates ,archimedes1 working at his problems in the sunlight1 from the vile soldier that slaughtered him4 ,shakespeare rattling his ale pot and ,johanna1 the ape1 shaking her bars at the ,zoo are alike1 save for difference of imagination4 ,,self-,,control to balance you4 ,,justice to guide you4 ,,imagination to lend creative power4 ,equilibrium1 ,direction1 ,creation4 ,the ,,trinity ardently to be desired4 ---- ,long ago ,plato announced that apparent differences are deceptive2 that all things existing come from one casting--the mind of ,god--which he names idea4 ,similarly to-day the solemn-thinking ,german tells you that matter and force are identical1 that the interchangeable character of forces--heat light1 magnetism1 etc4--is part of the a1 b1 c of proved phenomena4 ,haeckel stops digging up old bones and classifying sea microscopic organisms long enough to write ,monism1 expressing his belief that ,god is anything and everything from ,orion to a tumble- bug4 ,it is quite easy to show that the selected three--self-control1 justice and imagination--are in reality one4 ,each exists as part of the others4 ,each is made up of the other two4 ,but this column is not devoted to any save simple things4 ,the question is this1 once more3 ,what are man's three most useful qualities--which three would you possess8 ,do not call this question idle or believe that we cannot change ourselves4 ,we ,,can4 ,napoleon said3 ,never believe that a man ever changed his temperament4 ,but ,napoleon often said what was foolish4 ,it ought to delight you to know that you can change yourself if you want to1 as you can change the arrangement of your back parlor4 ,try it4 ,it is hard work1 but good exercise4 ,,the ,,value ,,of ,,solitude ,we inflict a piece of advice upon our readers4 ,it is intended especially for the young1 who have still to get their growth1 whose characters and possibilities are forming4 ,,get ,,away ,,from ,,the ,,crowd ,,when ,,you ,,can4 ,,keep ,,yourself ,,to ,,yourself1 ,,if ,,only ,,for ,a ,,few ,,hours ,,daily4 ---- ,full individual growth1 special development1 rounded mental operations--all these demand room1 separation from others1 solitude1 self-examination and the self-reliance which solitude gives4 ,the finest tree stands off by itself in the open plain4 ,its branches spread wide4 ,it is a complete tree1 better than the cramped tree in the crowded forest4 ,the animal to be admired is not that which runs in herds1 the gentle browsing deer or foolish sheep thinking only as a fraction of the flock1 incapable of personal independent direction4 ,it's the lonely prowling lion or the big black leopard with the whole world for his private field that is worth looking at4 ,the man who grows up in a herd1 deer-like1 thinking with the herd1 acting with the herd1 rarely amounts to anything4 ---- ,do you want to succeed8 ,grow in solitude1 work1 develop in solitude1 with books and thoughts and nature for friends4 ,then1 if you want the crowd to see how fine you are1 come back to it and boss it if it will let you4 ,constant craving for indiscriminate company is a sure sign of mental weakness4 ,schopenhauer--a sour genius1 ,,but a genius--speaks contemptuously of the negroes herded in small rooms unable to get enough of one another's snub-nose company4 ---- ,if you enter a village or small town and want to find the man or youth of ability1 do you look for him leaning over the village pool table1 sitting on the grocery store boxes1 lounging in the smelly tavern with other vacant minds8 ,certainly not4 ,you find him at work1 and you find him by himself4 ,think how public institutions dwarf the brains and souls of unhappy children condemned to live in them4 ,no chance there for individual1 separate development4 ,millions of children have grown up in such places millions of sad nonentities4 ---- ,here is what ,goethe says3 ,es bildet ein ,talent sich in der ,stille1 doch ein ,charakter in dem ,strome der ,welt4 7,talent is developed in solitude1 character in the rush of the world47 ,you wonder why so much ability comes from the country--why a ,lincoln comes from the backwoods while you1 flourishing in a great city1 can barely keep your place as a typewriter4 ,the countryman has ,,got to be by himself much of the time whether he wishes to or not4 ,if he has anything in him it comes out4 ,astronomy1 man's grandest study1 grew up among the shepherds4 ,you of the cities never even see the stars1 much less study them4 ---- ,don't be a sheep or a deer4 ,don't devote your hours to the company and conversation of those who know as little as you do4 ,don't think hard only when you are trying to remember a popular song or to decide on the color of your ,winter overcoat or necktie4 ,remember that you are an individual1 not a grain of dust or a blade of grass4 ,don't be a sheep2 be a man4 ,it has taken nature a hundred million years to produce you4 ,don't make her sorry she took the time4 ,get out in the park and walk and think4 ,get up in your hall bedroom1 read1 study1 write what you think4 ,talk more to yourself and less to others4 ,avoid magazines1 avoid excessive newspaper reading4 ,there is not a man of average ability but could make a striking career if he could but ,,will to do the best that is in him4 ,proofs of growth due to solitude are endless4 ,milton's greatest work was done when blindness1 old age and the death of the ,puritan government forced him into completest seclusion4 ,beethoven did his best work in the solitude of deafness4 ,bacon would never have been the great leader of scientific thought had not his trial and disgrace forced him from the company of a grand retinue and stupid court to the solitude of his own brain4 ,multum insola fuit anima mea4 7,my spirit hath been much alone47 ,this he said often1 and lucky it was for him4 ,loneliness of spirit made him4 ,get a little of it for yourself4 ,drop your club1 your street corner1 your gossipy boarding-house table4 ,drop your sheep life and try being a man4 ,it may improve you4 ,,there ,,should ,,be ,a ,,monument ,,to ,,time ,time has no real existence4 ,yet time is man's most precious possession4 ,time is defined as a succession of events4 ,what we call an hour means certain movements in the machinery of a watch4 ,what we call a day means one revolution of the earth upon its axis1 the turning of its surface toward the light of the sun4 ,time is the most mysterious factor in our lives and thoughts4 ,it never had a beginning1 it cannot possibly have an end4 ,time only exists for us in the actual moment in which we live4 ,yet our thoughts are in the time of past and future1 and hardly ever on the actual reality of the moment4 ,with the ceasing of our own consciousness1 time ceases1 so far as we are concerned4 ,if you go to sleep and sleep soundly1 you cannot tell when you awake whether you have slept a minute or an hour4 ,time stops when ,,you cease to observe the succession of events4 ,in dying1 we duplicate on a big and prolonged scale our little daily sleeps in life4 ,if a man were told that after death his soul would not regain consciousness for a thousand millions of years1 he would worry1 and complain of the long time4 ,but it would make no difference to him whether the time were a thousand millions of years or forty seconds--time would not exist for him2 he would not know the difference4 ,there is little doubt that to the ephemeridae1 creatures that live but for a day1 that day must seem as long as our century1 for in their life of incessant activity and agitation every second is a long space4 ,and there is no doubt that to the giant turtles of the ,galapagos ,islands1 heavy monsters that live ten centuries or longer1 a week is a fraction of time far less important than an hour to us4 ---- ,a mysterious thing is time and its divisions4 ,man manufactures a watch capable of registering a fraction of a second4 ,and in the force called light we have a power that can go seven times around the world in one second4 ,we estimate our time by years4 ,it takes one year for our little earth to spin round the sun4 ,and during that year it turns three hundred and sixty-five times on its own axis4 ,while the entire body of our earth flies through space1 accompanying the sun on its journey1 the northern extremity of our planet has a separate circular motion of its own4 ,this circular motion takes twenty-seven thousand years to complete one circle1 and as it moves in this inconceivably slow journey our pole selects for us and points out the various suns which in turn we call the ,north ,star4 ,we have written thus much to fix the attention of readers on the question of time4 ,now1 how does it affect you8 ,time represents your only chance1 your only wealth1 your only possibility for achieving anything4 ,the man who lasts fifty years lives about four hundred and thirty-eight thousand hours4 ,sleep takes at least one-third1 or one hundred and forty-six thousand hours4 ,the processes of eating1 washing1 dressing1 getting up and going to bed take up at least three hours per day1 or fifty-four thousand seven hundred and fifty hours4 ,in addition to all this ,,time cut out of our lives there is the time devoted to amusement1 the time devoted to idle dreaming--and yet millions of people are wondering how they can ,,pass ,,the ,,time4 ,in every great city and in every small town there should be a monument to time4 ,young children should be taken to see it1 clergymen should preach at the foot of it on the sacred importance of the few hours of activity given to us here4 ,as the sand runs through an hour glass1 so you run your short race on this earth4 ,that passing sand means the passing of your chances for making your life worth while4 ,instead of thinking how you ,,will pass the time1 cross-examine yourself and ask yourself how you ,,have passed the time thus far4 ,what did you do last year--what use did you make of the time as it went by8 ,what did you do yesterday8 ,what are you going to do to-day8 ,you possess a mind organized for practically unlimited thinking and studying4 ,how many of your hours do you live as a thinking1 studying man8 ,how many do you live on a par with an ox chewing his cud in the field8 ,the ox does not waste ,,his time4 ,it is his business to grow fat and produce beef4 ,he uses every hour4 ,it is your business to use your time in the development of your mind1 in dealing with the duties and problems that are put before you4 ,every young man can make a success if he will really look upon each hour as an ,,opportunity1 and cease to look upon the hours as useless things1 to be thrown away4 ,one hour will give you a knowledge of some good book1 or wisely spent1 with a purpose of improving your health1 it will make your brain more efficient and add to the value of all future hours4 ,if you have a horse1 a bicycle1 a gun1 you feel that because you ,,have it you ought to ,,use it4 ,how much more should you feel that you ought to use your ,,time1 in using which you use your own brain6 ,surely1 your brain is more important and more worthy of conscientious use than a bicycle or a gun4 ,talk to children on this question of time4 ,teach them that respect for time means respect for their own lives and success in life4 ,a ,,mother',s ,,work ,,and ,,her ,,hopes ,this editorial is not written for women4 ,it is written for ,,men1 and for boys2 for the millions who fail to appreciate the work that mothers do1 for the millions that ignore the self-sacrifice and devotion upon which society is based4 ,on a hot night1 in the dusty streets of a dirty city1 you see hundreds of women sitting in the doorways1 ,,taking ,,care ,,of ,,babies4 ,in lonesome farm houses1 far out on monotonous plains1 with the late sun setting on a long day of hard work1 you find women1 cheerful and persevering1 ,,taking ,,care ,,of ,,babies4 ,in the middle of the night1 in earliest morning1 when ,,men sleep1 all over the world1 in ice huts ,north1 in southern tents1 in big houses and in dingy tenements1 you find women awake1 cheerfully and gladly ,,taking ,,care ,,of ,,babies4 ---- ,we respect and praise the man selfishly working for himself4 ,if he builds up a great industry and a great personal fortune1 we praise him4 ,if he risks his life for personal glory and for praise1 we praise him4 ,if he shows courage even in saving his own carcass from destruction1 we praise him4 ,there was never a man whose courage1 or devotion1 could be compared with that of a woman caring for her baby4 ,the mother's love is unselfish1 and it has no limit this side of the grave4 ,you will find ,,one man in a thousand who will risk his life for a cause4 ,you will find a ,,thousand women in a thousand who will risk their lives for their babies4 ,everything that a man has and is he owes to his mother4 ,from her he gets health1 brain1 encouragement1 moral character1 and ,,all his chances of success4 ,how poorly the mother's service is repaid by men individually1 and by society as a whole6 ,the individual man feels that he has done much if he gives sufficient money and a ,,little attention to her who brought him from nothingness into life and sacrificed her sleep and youth and strength for his sake4 ,society1 the aggregate of human beings1 feels that its duty is done when a few hospitals are opened for poor mothers1 and a little medicine doled out in cold-hearted fashion to the sick child4 ,fortunately1 it may truly be said that the great man is almost always appreciative of his greater mother4 ,napoleon was cold1 jealous of other men1 monumentally egotistical when comparing himself with other sons of women4 ,but he reverenced and appreciated the noble woman who bore him1 lived for him1 and watched over him to the end4 ,he said3 ,it is to my mother1 to her good principles1 that ,i owe my success and all ,i have that is worth while4 ,i do not hesitate to say that the future of the child depends on the mother4 ---- ,the future of the individual child depends on the individual mother1 and the future of the race depends on the mothers of the race4 ,think what has been done for mankind by thousands of millions of perfectly devoted mothers4 ,every mother is entirely ,,devoted1 entirely ,,hopeful1 entirely ,,confident that no future is too great for her baby's deserts4 ,the little head--often hopelessly ill-shaped--rolls about feebly on the thin neck devoid of muscles4 ,the toothless gums chew whatever comes along4 ,the wondering eyes look feebly1 aimlessly about1 without focus or concentration4 ,the future human being1 to the cold-blooded onlooker1 is a useless little atom added to the human sea of nonentity4 ,but to the mother that baby is the marvel of all time4 ,there is endless meaning in the first mumblings1 endless soul in the senile1 baby smile1 unlimited possibilities in the knobby forehead and round1 hairless head4 ,she sees in the future of the baby responsibilities of government1 and feels that one so perfectly lovely must eventually be acclaimed ruler by mankind4 ,as a result of perfect confidence in its future1 the mother gives to every baby perfect devotion1 perfect and affectionate moral education4 ,each child begins life inspired by the most beautiful example of altruism and self-sacrifice4 ,kindness has gradually taken the place of brutality among human beings1 because every baby at its birth has found itself surrounded by absolute kindness4 ,the mother's kindness forms moral character4 ,the mother's confidence and encouragement stimulate ambition and inspire courage4 ,the mother's patient watchfulness gives good health1 and fights disease when it comes4 ,the mother's wrathful protection shields the child from the stern and dwarfing severity of fathers4 ,truly1 a man may and should be judged by his feeling toward his own mother1 and toward the mothers of other men--of ,,all men4 ,in the character of ,christ1 whose last earthly thought on ,golgotha was for ,his ,mother1 as in the character of the hard-working1 ignorant man whose earnings go to make his mother comfortable1 the most beautiful trait is devotion to the mother who suffers and works for her children1 from the hours that precede their birth through all the years that they spend on earth together4 ,honor thy father and ,,thy ,,mother4 ,and honor the mothers of other men4 ,make their task easier through fair payment of the men who support the children1 through good public schools for their children1 through respectful treatment of ,,all women4 ,the mother is happy4 ,for she knows the deep joy of loving some one else more than herself4 ,you honor yourself1 and prove yourself worthy of a good mother and of final success1 when you do something for the mothers of the world4 ,,your ,,work ,,is ,,your ,,brain',s ,,gymnasium ,for buyers in big stores1 ,for clerks in little stores1 ,for office boys1 ,for typewriters1 reporters1 car conductors1 household domestics1 for all who are hired to work for others1 this article is intended4 ,there is no greater mistake than skimping your work--,,because ,,you ,,are ,,working ,,for ,,another1 ,,and ,,fear ,,you ,,may ,,do ,,too ,,much4 ,for your own sake remember that whatever you do in the way of honest concentrated work you do ,,first ,,of ,,all ,,for ,,yourself4 ,only one thing in the world can improve you and better your condition1 and that thing is your own effort4 ,you begin life with certain mental faculties1 and with certain muscular faculties4 ,their development or decay depends entirely on yourself4 ,no work that you do is worthless4 ,it will ,,never pay you to neglect or slur the task that you have undertaken4 ,you may be idle1 in the thought that you are indulging yourself at the expense of your employer4 ,it is a dishonest thought1 and it is a stupid thought at the same time4 ,you may rob your employer of the time that he pays for1 but when you shirk your work you rob yourself first of all4 ---- ,you may say that your employer pays you too little4 ,perhaps he does4 ,but that is no reason for hurting your moral character through dishonesty4 ,it is no excuse for failing to develop yourself4 ,the store1 or factory1 or office in which you work is to your mind what a gymnasium is to your muscles4 ,you enter a gymnasium ,,and ,,pay ,,for ,,the ,,privilege ,,of ,,working ,,there4 ,you do not say to yourself3 ,this gymnasium belongs to another man4 ,the profits go to him1 and so ,i'll not work hard4 ,on the contrary1 you realize that the owner of the gymnasium gives you the chance to develop your muscles1 and you thank him1 although he makes you pay for the privilege4 ,and you do your very best1 on the trapeze1 rings1 parallel bars1 or in any other direction4 ,act in your work as you do in your gymnasium hours4 ,there is no kind of work that can fail to make you a better and more successful man if you work at it honestly and loyally4 ,if you sweep an office1 sweep it well4 ,and begin punctually each day1 remembering that punctuality acquired in sweeping an office may be used later in governing a city4 ,train your mind through your work1 whatever it is4 ,study the lives of those who have succeeded4 ,you will see that they did whatever they did as well as they could4 ,edison was an ordinary telegraph operator4 ,but he was not content with merely working as others worked4 ,he worked very hard1 devised means to make more valuable the instruments of his employers4 ,soon he was an employer himself1 and what is far better than being an employer1 he was a creator of new ideas and a benefactor of the world4 ---- ,intelligent readers will not misinterpret this advice to mean that they should ,,overwork themselves1 or work regardless of their own physical welfare4 ,the right course is this3 ,do as much as you can in the present1 without drawing on your future reserves4 ,don't work all night and then go on the next day4 ,such effort impairs permanently your store of vitality1 and that vitality is your capital4 ,but never form the habit of neglecting work1 of shamming and lying instead of achieving honestly4 ,you may deceive one employer1 or ten4 ,but #cf you can't deceive nature1 and you can't deceive yourself4 ,you can form good habits only through regular work4 ,you can develop your faculties only through exercising them honestly and systematically4 ---- ,,merely ,,working ,,fairly ,,well ,,is ,,not ,,enough4 ,if you want to run a mile fast1 you do not merely jog4 ,you try every day to run the mile faster than you did the day before4 ,if you want to learn to jump high1 you strain your muscles and try over and over to do what you can't do4 ,ultimately you achieve it4 ,keep that in mind when you work4 ,remember that you must wind yourself up4 ,the most watchful employer may discharge you4 ,but he cannot wind you up4 ,be a self-winding machine1 and keep yourself wound up4 ,your hardest effort may fail to achieve greatness4 ,but honest work will at least make it impossible for you to be a failure4 ,train your brain1 nerves and muscles to regular1 steady1 conscientious effort4 ,make up your mind that ,,for ,,your ,,own ,,sake you will make every effort your best effort4 ,you will soon find yourself a more successful1 more self-respecting1 abler man or woman4 ,and here is an argument that should be more powerful with you than self-interest3 ,remember that the world needs honest1 conscientious men and women1 able to do good work themselves and to people the earth with children born of honest parents4 ,make up your mind to be one of the world's ,,honest citizens4 ,to improve the world begin by improving yourself4 ,,the ,,steeple1 ,,moving ,,like ,,the ,,hand ,,of ,a ,,clock ,if you live in the suburbs you devote perhaps two hours each day to travel4 ,two hours per day means practically one-fifth of your active life4 ,how many readers make any use of those two hours1 and feel each day that they have been well spent8 ---- ,instead of being wasted1 those hours should be among your best4 ,never mind if you are clinging to a strap because companies are licensed to exploit you4 ,never mind if you are tired and weary when the day is ended4 ,the tired brain often thinks better than the fresh one4 ,and man1 so recently descended from the monkey who had to think while hanging head down1 ought to have no trouble thinking as he hangs from his strap--head up4 ---- ,some in the cars play cards as they travel homeward4 ,others talk gossip1 and tens of thousands waste too much time on this and other newspapers4 ,try this experiment3 ,make up your mind to devote your hours of travel to thinking4 ,the brain1 like the muscles1 needs definite and well-planned exercise4 ,it must be methodical and regular4 ,there is no limit to its possible results4 ,you would be glad to spend your two travelling hours in a gymnasium on wheels4 ,make of your homeward car a mental gymnasium4 ,each night or morning1 take up some one line of thought and follow it to its end--or as far as your mind can take you4 ,learn to observe1 to study1 to reflect4 ,don't look at your fellow passengers as calves look at each other on the way to the slaughter house4 ,look1 as a human being1 at other human beings4 ,there they sit or stand or hang4 ,some chatter1 others scowl1 fret1 fume1 complain1 brag1 grin or otherwise express the strange emotions that move us here4 ,they are all ghosts1 as ,carlyle tells you1 imprisoned for a time in coverings of flesh1 and a car packed full of real ghosts passing over the earth on their quick journey to the grave ought to stir you4 ---- ,the giggling shopgirls whose life of misery is still a joke to them--blessed youth6--should interest you deeply4 ,and the negro1 too1 with a tired black face1 resting for the next day's slavery--slavery on a wage basis1 but slavery all the same4 ,possibly you despise his thick lips4 ,but those lips are carved on every sphinx in ,egypt's sand1 and if you could go back far enough you would find the ancestors of that negro1 before the days of the ,pharaohs1 laying the foundations of your religion and locating the stars in heaven4 ,at that time your forbears were gibbering cave savages1 sharpening bones and gnawing raw flesh4 ,when you see the negro on the opposite seat1 the ill-starred one who has gone down in the human race while we have gone up1 think about him1 study him1 speculate as to his ultimate end--and your own4 ,don't merely say to yourself1 ,that's a plain negro1 and go on chewing gum4 ---- ,the pictures that flash by your car windows should help you to think4 ,the train rumbles over the switches1 and in the dusk a swinging lantern tells you that a man is at work1 guiding you safely when your work is done4 ,can't you take an interest in that human atom1 representing the ,power that swings our tiny sun in space1 lighting us on our journey toward the constellation ,hercules8 ---- ,a black steeple is outlined against the dark-blue sky of the evening4 ,that is a finger of stone1 built by man to point everlastingly toward ,infinite ,power4 ,it now points upward4 ,in twelve hours--as the earth slowly turns--it will be pointing downward4 ,but there is no upward or downward in the carpentry of the universe4 ,in the twenty-four hours1 as it turns round with the earth1 that steeple points toward all the corners of space1 and constantly it points toward ,eternal ,wisdom and ,justice in every corner4 ---- ,this is tiresome8 ,all right1 then we'll stop4 ,but whether we tire or interest you1 remember3 ,as a man thinks1 so he grows4 ,think1 study1 use all the hours that separate your croupy cradle from your gloomy grave4 ,those hours are few4 ,,cultivate ,,thought--,,teach ,,your ,,brain ,,to ,,work ,,early ,two centuries back a young man of twenty-three sat in the quiet of the evening--,,thinking4 ,his body was quiet2 his vitality1 his life1 all his powers1 were centred in his brain4 ,above1 the moon shone1 and around him rustled the branches of the trees in his father's orchard4 ,from one of the trees an apple fell4 ,no need to tell you that the young man was ,newton2 that the fall of the apple started in his ,,ready brain the thought that led to his great discovery1 giving him fame to last until this earth shall crumble4 ,how splendid the achievement born that moment6 ,how fortunate for the world and for the youth ,newton1 that at twenty-three his brain had cultivated the ,,habit ,,of ,,thought6 ---- ,our muscles we share with everything that lives--with the oyster clinging to his rock1 the whale ploughing through cold seas1 and our monkey kinsman swinging from his tropical branch4 ,these muscles1 useful only to cart us around1 help us to do slave work or pound our fellows1 we cultivate with care4 ,we run1 fence1 ride1 walk hard1 weary our poor lungs and gather pains in our backs building the muscles that we do not need4 ,alone among animals1 we possess a potentiality of mind development unlimited4 ,and for that1 with few exceptions1 we care nothing4 ---- ,most of us1 sitting in ,newton's place and seeing the apple fall1 would merely have debated the advisability of getting the apple to eat it--just the process that any monkey mind would pass through4 ,a ,newton1 a ,,brain ,,trained ,,to ,,think1 sees the apple drop1 asks himself why the moon does not drop also4 ,and he discovers the law of gravitation which governs the existence of every material atom in the universe4 ---- ,young men who read this1 start in ,,now to use your brains4 ,take nothing for granted1 not even the fact that the moon stays in her appointed place or that the poor starve and freeze amid plenty4 ,think of the things which are wrong and of the possibilities of righting them4 ,study your own weaknesses and imperfections4 ,there is power in your brain to correct them1 if you will develop that power4 ,as surely as you can train your arm to hold fifty pounds out straight1 just so surely can you train your brain to deal with problems that now would find you a gaping incompetent4 ,you may not be a ,newton4 ,but if you can condescend to aim at being an inferior ,sandow1 can't you afford to try even harder to be an inferior ,newton8 ,don't be a muscular monkey4 ,be a low-grade philosopher1 if you can't be high-grade1 and find how much true pleasure there is even in inferior brain gymnastics4 ---- ,take up some problem and study it3 ,there goes a woman1 poor and old4 ,she carries a heavy burden because she is too sad and weak to fight against fate1 too honest to leave a world that treats her harshly4 ,there struts a youngster1 rich and idle4 ,how many centuries of hell on earth will it take to put that woman's load on that other broad1 fat1 idle back8 ,answer that one question1 better still1 ,,transfer ,,the ,,load1 and your life will not have been wasted4 ---- ,it is ,,thought that moves the world4 ,in ,napoleon's ,,brain are born the schemes that murder millions and yet push civilization on4 ,the mere soldier1 with gold lace and sharp sword1 is nothing--a mere tool4 ,it is the concentrated thought of the ,english people under ,puritan influence that makes ,great ,britain a sham monarchy and a real republic now4 ,it is the thought of the men of independent ,,mind in this country that throws ,english tea and ,english rule overboard forever4 ,don't wait until you are old4 ,don't wait until you are ,,one ,,day older4 ,begin ,,now4 ,or1 later1 with a dull1 fuzzy1 useless mind1 you will realize that an unthinking man might as well have been a monkey1 with fur instead of trousers1 and consequent freedom from mental responsibility or self-respect4 ,,the ,,wind ,,does ,,not ,,rule ,,your ,,destiny ,there be three things which are too wonderful for me2 yea1 four which ,i know not4 ,the way of an eagle in the air2 the way of a serpent upon a rock2 ,,the ,,way ,,of ,a ,,ship ,,in ,,the ,,midst ,,of ,,the ,,sea1 and the way of a man with a maid4 ,at sunset a long train of cars waited on a bridge as a sailing ship passed through the draw4 ,the ship sailed up the river toward the cold ,winter sun2 another ship sailed past it going in the ,,opposite direction4 ,only ,,one wind was blowing4 ,yet1 of those two ships blown by the same wind1 moved by the same power1 one sailed ,,east and one ,,west4 ,it may be of use to you in your career to think for a few minutes about these two ships and the lesson which they teach--especially to young men4 ---- ,the man who has sailed1 in his life's journey1 toward failure and disaster looks always with envy1 sometimes with hatred1 and very often with an intense sensation of injustice1 at the man who passes him going in exactly the opposite direction4 ,yet the ,,forces that move men bound toward success are exactly the same as those that move other men to failure1 humiliation and defeat4 ,it is all a question of the way in which you use the forces within you--just as on shipboard it is all a question of the use of the common wind which blows4 ,,it ,,is ,a ,,question ,,of ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,the ,,rudder4 ,two ships pass1 each with its sails filled out by the same wind4 ,the difference in direction is accounted for by the handling of the rudder and the adjustment of the sails4 ,what the force of the wind is to the ship1 our varying emotions1 passions1 ambitions1 appetites and aspirations are to us4 ,all of these constitute the power which may be called ,,human ,,force4 ,this power differs in different individuals1 as the wind differs on different days4 ,it may blow from the east or the west or the north or the south4 ,however it may blow1 it can be forced1 by proper steering1 to send the ship in any direction desired4 ,it is harder to beat against the wind1 of course1 and many men have hard struggles to steer themselves to a good port in the face of an adverse start1 a hard beginning1 or inclinations difficult to overcome4 ---- ,but in all of us the force exists which can be made to move us in the right direction--the force within us can be ,,made to obey our will1 if the will be strong and the hand on the rudder steady4 ,this can be proved--for instance3 ,there is a certain force in human beings called ,,love4 ,this force leads sometimes1 and happily it leads usually1 to domesticity1 morality1 care of children and lifelong devotion4 ,then the force is used properly4 ,the same human passion leads to murder1 suicide1 theft1 to almost all forms of crime4 ,there is another human passion called ,,ambition4 ,this human force of ambition1 with a ,lincoln's conscience to guide it1 saves a republic4 ,the same force guided by ,benedict ,arnold seeks to betray the nation4 ---- ,consider yourself a ship launched on the sea of life under certain conditions--but with the essential condition in your own control4 ,the wind may be feeble1 you may drift for a while or move very slowly--move at least in the right direction4 ,the wind may blow a gale1 and you may feel1 as so many do1 that you cannot control your emotions and your appetites4 ,but if that comes show at least as much interest in yourself as a sailor does in his ship4 ,take in sail and fight the storm1 instead of going willingly to destruction4 ---- ,four things puzzled and impressed the wise man that wrote the nineteenth verse of the thirtieth chapter of ,proverbs4 ,think to-day about the third of these things3 ,the way of a ship in the midst of the sea ,the way of a human being in the midst of life is like that of a ship on the ocean4 ,make up your mind that your own way at least shall be controlled by the rudder of conscience1 and learn from the passing ships a lesson of use in your own life4 ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,many ,,corpses ,,in ,,the ,,johnstown ,,mine ,the widow says to the mine owner3 ,here he is1 dead--killed working for you4 ,where were you when he was killed8 ,driving in your carriage1 enjoying the difference between his ,,earnings and his ,,pay4 ,was one dollar and thirty cents per day too much to pay him for this risk8 ,was it too much to let him save something for us--who now have nothing8 ,is there nothing to arbitrate when the man who risks his life and gets nothing asks arbitration of the man who risks nothing and gets all8 ---- ,there are many men in ,america--honest and sincere--who believe that strikers are nearly always right1 that failure of a strike is a calamity4 ,other men1 less numerous1 but also honest and sincere1 consider strikes an evil4 ,they believe that labor unionism threatens capital1 threatens national energy1 and our national industrial supremacy4 ---- ,let us endeavor to take a clear view of the strike question1 and to discuss--as free from bias as may be possible--some of the main viewpoints of those interested4 ,we may1 at the start1 accept two statements as sound3 ,first4 ,the employer wants as much money as he can possibly get4 ,second4 ,the workman wants as much money as ,,he can possibly get4 ,it is impossible for both or for either to win absolutely4 ,the success of one must leave the other penniless4 ,let us look at the matter of a coal strike only1 for simplicity's sake4 ,in a coal mine you have three factors3 ,first4 ,the ,,coal given to men--presumably for the use of mankind in general--by ,divine ,providence4 ,second4 ,the ,,workmen who dig the coal1 haul it1 screen it1 etc4 ,third4 ,the ,,owner1 who through money1 or intelligence1 or both1 gets control of mines and works them for his profit4 ,the mine owner resents the suggestion that he and his men are partners4 ,ought he to resent that suggestion8 ,we think not4 ,miners without any capitalist could certainly get coal out of the ground4 ,the capitalist without miners could not possibly get coal out of the ground4 ,the labor is at least as important as the mine4 ---- ,the capitalist who wishes to acquire a mine is willing to grant certain rights and conditions to him who has the ,,mine for sale4 ,he treats with that person as with an equal4 ,,why ,,will ,,he ,,not ,,grant ,,rights ,,and ,,equality ,,to ,,those ,,who ,,have ,,the ,,labor ,,for ,,sale8 ,if a hundred men own the mine1 and elect a certain agent to represent them in the sale1 the capitalist will willingly treat with that agent ,,even ,,though ,,he ,,be ,,not ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,actual ,,mine ,,owners4 ,it becomes simply a question of the agent's ,,authority4 ,why does the capitalist haughtily refuse to treat with the accredited agent of the men who have the ,,labor for sale1 ,is it not because he resents the workman's attempt at emancipation and equality8 ,is it not because the capitalist in his heart demands ,,submission from the man who works for a daily wage8 ,is it not because the powerful among us fail to admit that workers have passed from slavery to equality8 ,a man owns vast mining properties4 ,he lives in ,new ,york and in ,newport4 ,comfortably1 and at a distance1 he runs and rules his mines4 ,he is good-natured enough1 kind-hearted4 ,he means well4 ,he does not see the corpses brought up from the fire-damp4 ,he does not notice the hollow chests of young children with the pores of their skin and the pores of their lungs full of coal dust4 ,this owner--who rules and draws his profits from ,newport--has one bitter complaint against his striking men4 ,he cannot forgive them ,,because ,,they ,,call ,,in ,a ,,labor ,,leader ,,from ,,chicago ,,to ,,settle ,a ,,labor ,,dispute ,,in ,,pennsylvania4 ,imagining himself most condescending1 he expresses willingness to treat personally and individually with his men4 ,but he will not tolerate interference with my business on the part of the workmen's agent1 whom he calls an agitator from ,chicago4 ,,why should he feel so badly about it8 ,if the ,pennsylvania workman is willing to let a ,,newport man manage the capitalistic end1 should not that ,newport man allow a ,,chicago labor leader to manage the labor end8 ,is not one explanation the fact that the owner considers his workmen1 in every possible respect1 financially1 morally1 legally1 ethically and eternally1 his inferiors8 ,if one mine owner disagrees with another1 each will treat with the other's chosen agent1 whether he be ,tom ,reed1 corporation lawyer from ,maine2 ,joe ,choate1 corporation lawyer from ,new ,york1 or ,levy1 corporation lawyer from ,chicago4 ,why not accord to the workman the right to choose his accredited representative8 ,so much for the much-talked-of interference in ,,my business by labor agitators4 ,what about the interests of the country8 ,there are in ,pennsylvania1 let us say1 one hundred square miles of coal lands ,,owned ,,by ,,one ,,man1 and ,,worked ,,by ,,ten ,,thousand ,,men4 ,the working of this mining region develops an annual net profit1 perhaps1 of five million dollars1 ,,after the workmen have been paid as little as they will work for4 ,the owner lives in a house of a hundred rooms4 ,the miner's family lives in two rooms4 ,the owner has a yacht1 a private car1 a fast automobile1 fine carriages1 many servants4 ,the miner ,,walks4 ,he has a wife who cooks1 sews1 scrubs1 washes1 mends while he and his boys work in the mines4 ,we wish to arouse no maudlin sympathy for the miner1 no anarchist loathing of the owner4 ,we ask an answer to this question3 ,which would be better for ,america3 to let one man have five millions a year1 and keep ten thousand men on the edge of want2 or to let the one 7and1 if you choose1 ,,superior7 man have one million a year1 and divide the four millions among ten thousand families1 adding four hundred dollars to the income of each family8 ,that is a plain1 simple question4 ,remember1 we suggest and advocate no ,,compulsion4 ,we state a situation4 ,the ,,striker is trying to get a little more for himself and family4 ,the ,,owner is trying to keep the vast sum for himself and his family4 ,each is convinced of the righteousness of his cause4 ,the striker does not try to ,,take ,,away money or property from the owner4 ,he simply strikes1 saying3 ,i will not work for less than such a sum1 unless you starve me into working4 ,he calls upon ,,you1 the public1 to give him moral support4 ,he entreats other workmen not to take his place while he strikes4 ,it is for ,,you1 the public1 and for ,,you1 the idle1 hard-pressed workmen1 to answer conscientiously the question3 ,is it better for one man to have four extra ,,millions a year1 or for each of ten thousand families to have four extra ,,hundreds a year1 that they need sadly and sorely8 ,if this question were answered as ,christ would answer it1 there would be no smug respectabilities scoffing at the striker4 ,there would be no heartless scabs taking the places of men struggling to support wives and children4 ,leave out sentimentality1 if you will1 and ,christianity1 and our hollow pretence of following ,him who called every poor man my brother4 ,what about the cold utility8 ,four millions more for an owner mean what8 ,some bogus antiquities1 and perhaps a bogus title brought to ,america4 ,another palace1 with a dissatisfied owner4 ,a dissipated son2 money spent by this son to promote vice1 and by the father to corrupt legislation4 ,four hundred dollars more for a workman's family mean wholesome food for children4 ,and the children go to school and have a chance4 ,this sum means a self-respecting life for a father1 and for the mother it means everything4 ,she can hire some woman to help her when her babies come4 ,she can give her husband and her children good food1 rejoice in their comfort1 add good1 healthy citizens to the nation4 ---- ,the owner in his struggle makes various statements of which only a few must be answered1 and very briefly1 for the sake of the impatient reader4 ,if capital goes on granting the demands of union labor there will be no more capital1 no more big manufactures1 our prosperity will die as ,england's prosperity is dying--killed by union labor6 ,thus speaks the indignant1 would-be patriotic and unselfish capitalist4 ,let us see3 ,what becomes of the established ,,fact that a nation is prosperous in proportion as the average individual citizen 7,,not its few millionaires7 is prosperous8 ,there are nowhere on earth stronger labor unions than in the ,united ,states4 ,there are no such unions in ,mexico1 none such in ,south ,america1 none as powerful in ,canada4 ,why are we not eclipsed industrially by those countries8 ,you say that labor unions have killed ,english industry8 ,no4 ,they have kept ,england alive in the face of fierce competition4 ,millions upon millions of ,englishmen live on a little foggy northern island incapable of supporting them4 ,by their courage1 their mental power1 their genius1 their ,,union1 they have kept the nation great4 ,it is as though in one corner of ,new ,york ,state we had the greatest industrial power on earth4 ,what the ,gulf ,stream has been to ,england's agriculture1 labor unionism has been to ,england's industry4 ,it is not the ,english ,,workingman who has been beaten4 ,the ,english workmen did not sell the ,english mercantile navy to ,j4,p4 ,morgan4 ,english capitalists did that4 ,get this in your heads1 you who talk against unions4 ,morgan and his fellow ,american capitalists have formed themselves into financial ,,unions1 which we call trusts4 ,and they have beaten the ,english capitalist1 who did not know enough to take lessons from his workman and form unions of his own4 ,the ,american ,,financial union1 not the ,english ,,labor union1 has beaten ,england in the race for industrial supremacy4 ,union is strength everywhere and forever4 ,the remaining strength of ,england is in her labor unions1 which give men time to think1 food to grow on1 and give real men to the nation4 ,you say that powerful unions kill nations4 ,why is not ,china a great industrial power8 ,she has vast fortunes and no unions4 ,li ,hung ,chang was richer than ,morgan1 and could cut off the head of any striker4 ,his coolies got five cents a day and worked fourteen hours--is ,,that your ideal system8 ---- ,last of all 7and we apologize for this unforgivably long editorial71 let us discuss the question of foreign labor4 ,the capitalist complains that the ,hungarian1 the brutal1 ignorant foreigner1 makes much of the trouble1 and wants as much as an ,american4 ,loud is this cry against the foreign laborer4 ,and the ignorant1 know-nothing ,american workman joins in the cry only too willingly4 ,who brings in those foreign laborers by the shipload1 ,mr4 ,mineowner8 ,who rounds up cargoes of ,slavs on the other side and brings them here to cut the wages and the living of the native-born8 ,who shrieks dolefully1 ,mr4 ,miner1 when the ,slav shows that he is a ,,man brave and willing to prove worthy of freedom by joining the army of union labor8 ,the ,slav and the ,hungarian ,,are ,,here1 and their children will be here when we are dead4 ,which is better1 to underpay them1 treat them like cattle1 fill them with just hatred of unjust discrimination1 or give them a chance to be men8 ,shall their children grow up ignorant mine slaves8 ,or shall they go to that factory of honest citizenship--the public school--to be improved as we have all been improved1 whether we came originally from ,hungary1 ,ireland1 ,england1 ,france1 ,russia1 or elsewhere8 ,the struggle of the strikers1 like all great struggles1 is sometimes unjust4 ,it has not always the wisest or the most unselfish leaders4 ,but it is an effort to improve the ,,average ,,condition ,,of ,,humanity4 ,help that effort4 ,,limiting ,,the ,,amount ,,of ,a ,,day',s ,,work ,,there',s ,a ,,good ,,deal ,,of ,,nonsense ,,talked ,,on ,,this ,,subject ,an honest1 well-meaning clergyman talked the other day on labor unions1 and wandered out of his depth4 ,as a rule1 clergymen1 having studied the teachings of ,christ1 are aware that they ought to be on the side of the workingman4 ,hence the strongest supporters of the union are found among the clergy4 ,the mistake of the clergyman whom we mention is discussed here1 because it is often made by well-meaning1 but narrow-minded1 citizens4 ,he spoke of the custom union labor has of limiting a day's work ,,and ,,other ,,dishonest ,,practices4 ,by limiting a day's work1 the reverend gentleman referred to the rule existing in certain unions regulating the maximum day's labor4 ,that rule does exist1 and sometimes undoubtedly--labor union men not being angels or cherubim--the rule may be pushed to extremes4 ,but on the whole the rule is necessary1 and it works for good4 ,we shall tell this clergyman and other citizens one special reason for limiting the day's work4 ,the contractors want to make all the money they can4 ,when the unions forced them into recognition of certain hours of labor as constituting a day's work1 ,,that was looked upon as a dishonest practice4 ,it was felt in the old days that a workman should be only too glad to get out of bed at daybreak and work until dark4 ,now even the stupidest and most selfish have come to recognize limited hours as a feature of ,american industry4 ,and the enlightened gladly admit that the well-paid1 well-rested1 independent worker usually does more in his eight or nine hours than he used to do in his twelve or fourteen4 ,after the inauguration of the limited-hour day the contractors invented what is known as a rusher4 ,the rusher is a young workman1 in his prime1 marvellously quick in his work as compared with the ordinary1 good1 capable workman4 ,on a job of bricklaying1 carpentering1 or other work1 it was customary for the shrewd contractor to hire one or more rushers4 ,nominally the rusher was paid regular union wages4 ,but secretly the contractor paid him double wages1 or more than double wages4 ,the rusher worked at high pressure hour after hour1 day after day4 ,the others could not possibly have kept up with him had he worked his fastest4 ,but his instructions were to keep just a little ahead1 that the others might struggle and do their best to keep even in their task1 in order not to lose their work for apparent idleness4 ,thus the rusher1 a man of unusual skill1 getting double wages1 went along well within his forces1 while the others were working themselves to death in order to keep up and not lose their jobs4 ,the limitation of the day's output is based originally on the desire to squelch this rusher idea1 or to put the quietus on the very young and able workman anxious to curry favor with his boss by making the pace too hot for the men working beside him4 ---- ,our friend1 the clergyman1 and many others say that it is dishonest to limit the day's output4 ,but is it dishonest8 ,what is the difference between limiting the ,,day',s output and limiting a ,,year',s output8 ,in the middle of the ,summer the clergyman says1 ,i have worked enough2 ,i ought to go to ,europe1 and he goes4 ,the bricklayer does not criticise the clergyman for limiting his ,,year',s output to forty sermons4 ,he does not say to him1 ,you are ,,able to preach fifty-two sermons a year4 ,if you preach only forty1 you are dishonest and rob your parishioners4 ,what business is it of the clergyman's if the bricklayers1 among themselves1 decide that it is better for them in the long run to set only a given number of brick per day8 ,the trouble with some clergymen and many others is that they forget one important thing--namely1 ,,that ,,the ,,workingmen ,,now ,,have ,,something ,,to ,,say4 ,when it comes to a question of laying brick1 it is no longer the squire or the local clergyman who decides what shall be done4 ,the ,,bricklayer ,,decides ,,what ,,shall ,,be ,,done4 ,and when it comes to carpenter work1 the ,,carpenter decides what shall constitute a day's work4 ,in olden times the clergymen1 the lawyers1 the rich1 the lucky class in general1 decided for ,,themselves what ,,they should do1 and then they decided for their so-called inferiors what those ,,inferiors should do4 ,our prosperous class are having a very painful time indeed getting into their minds the fact that such a thing as the right of the majority ,,really ,,exists4 ,and they find it very hard indeed to believe that the doctrine of human equality is to be taken seriously in matters of business4 ,labor unions are performing an important educational function when they drive into the heads of these would-be superiors the fact that this nation is becoming actually a republic in which the workingmen shall decide for themselves questions affecting themselves1 and in which they shall no longer be guided by the whims or financial interests of would-be superiors4 ,,catching ,a ,,red-,,hot ,,bolt ,men were working on the roof of a ,pennsylvania ferryhouse1 overhanging the ,north ,river on the ,jersey side4 ,the passengers on one of the big ferryboats watched with admiration the work of the fearless young mechanics4 ,the men stood on a board not more than a foot wide4 ,they had nothing to hold to4 ,sixty feet below them was a mass of rough piles4 ,a misstep would have meant death4 ,one of the men1 standing perfectly at ease on his narrow ledge1 swung a heavy sledge-hammer1 while the other held in place the bolt to be driven home in the iron-work4 ---- ,the work on that bolt was finished1 and one of the young men1 a wiry giant over six feet tall1 picked up in his arms a small wooden keg which stood on the board beside him4 ,it was a keg such as nails are packed in4 ,about forty feet away from the bridge1 up among the iron beams1 a smith was at work heating the bolts red-hot4 ,this smith saw the young man on the narrow board holding the wooden keg in his arms4 ,he knew that another bolt was needed4 ,the bolt1 white-hot1 was seized with a pair of tongs1 thrown violently through the air1 sending off a shower of white sparks as it went4 ,as the white bolt shot toward the metal worker1 he held out the wooden keg in a matter-of-fact way1 caught the bolt1 picked it out of the keg with a pair of pincers1 and soon the heavy sledge- hammer was at work driving the metal1 still white-hot1 into the hole4 ---- ,passengers who make their living in a less exciting way watched with great excitement as one after another of these heavy red-hot bolts came flying through the air1 each in its turn caught by the mechanic standing on the narrow board4 ,if the bolt had struck or burned him1 he must almost inevitably have fallen4 ,he must have fallen had he made a misstep reaching out the wooden keg to catch the flying iron4 ,among those who watched him were very prosperous men come in from the seaside on the flying express1 bound for ,wall ,street4 ,these men were sorry when their boat pulled out1 so deeply interested were they in the skill and courage of the mechanics working so high up on so narrow a footing4 ,if their opinion had been asked then and there they would have said that no reasonable rate of pay would be too high for such mechanics1 and that eight hours of work catching red-hot bolts and driving them home1 on a narrow plank sixty feet in the air1 ought to be considered a fair day's work4 ,we trust that if these men read in the future that the structural iron-workers or the house-smiths are striking for a little more pay and for eight hours' work they will remember those men working on the ferryhouse1 and remember that all of these iron-workers1 like all miners1 and many others1 earn their bread at the risk of their lives4 ,we hope that those who watched the red-hot bolts flying through the air will remember their sensations when they hear of a strike among those men1 and not say1 as they usually do3 ,the impudence of union labor must be suppressed4 ,the men are lazy2 that's what's the matter with them4 ,it is all nonsense to talk about working eight hours4 ,union labor1 if it keeps on1 will ruin this country's commercial supremacy4 ---- ,the trouble with human beings is that their lives are widely separated and sympathy is killed by ignorance4 ,the banker does not see1 therefore cannot appreciate1 the courage of the man working on an iron beam at the top of a steel frame #cjj feet in the air4 ,the mechanic cannot understand1 and therefore cannot appreciate1 the worry1 the mental stress of the money man1 who must make ends meet1 pay bills1 arrange mortgages1 find tenants and settle his union troubles at the same time4 ,better acquaintance with each other is what human beings need4 ,it would be well if more very rich men had seen that young mechanic catching his red-hot bolts4 ,it would be well if more young mechanics who like their beefsteak and onions could see ,john ,d4 ,rockefeller sipping his glass of milk and seltzer 7his whole dinner71 or know what ,rockefeller feels when he lies awake half the night4 ,he has found pretty well-paid employment for a hundred thousand men who sleep soundly while he tosses and turns and feels the weight of a ton on his chest4 ,,the ,,trusts ,,and ,,the ,,union-- ,,how ,,do ,,they ,,differ8 ,a letter signed ,several ,democrats from ,st4 ,paul reads1 in part1 as follows3 ,in order to convert several rank ,republicans it is necessary that we should be able to explain the difference between a trust and a labor union4 ,will you kindly1 through your columns1 make a clear explanation of this distinction8 ,our opponents holdthat both trusts and unions are combinations1 which appears to be true1 but there is apparently a weak point in our ability to definitely show the difference1 and we beg that you explain it4 ---- ,trusts and unions are both combinations1 beyond question4 ,but a pronounced difference distinguishes them1 and we shall endeavor to make it clear4 ,you see a horse after a hard day's work grazing in a swampy meadow4 ,he has done his duty and is getting what he can in return4 ,on the horse's flank you may see a leach sucking blood4 ,the ,,leach is the trust4 ,the ,,horse is the labor ,,union4 ,possibly you have read ,sindbad the ,sailor1 with its story of the ,old ,alan of the ,sea4 ,the ,old ,man of the ,sea rode round on the sailor's back squeezing his neck with his tightly twisted legs4 ,the ,,old ,,man is the ,,trust4 ,the ,,sailor is the labor ,,union4 ---- ,in ,chicago two combinations are fighting4 ,one is a combination of citizens--the ,citizens' ,union4 ,the other is a combination of public robbers--the ,gas ,trust4 ,each combination is trying to get what it wants4 ,surely you can see the difference between the two combinations4 ,the citizens are striving in a purely legitimate way to obtain their ,,rights4 ,similarly1 ,labor ,unions1 when soundly organized1 are striving properly and legitimately to obtain their ,,rights4 ,gas ,trusts and other ,trusts endeavor improperly and illegitimately to obtain what does not belong to them4 ---- ,in old times1 on the high seas1 there were two classes of vessels4 ,the great majority were honest vessels of commerce1 doing good to the world1 while striving1 of course1 to benefit their crews and owners4 ,those honest ,,ships were the ,labor ,,unions4 ,on the same waters there sailed other ships--fast1 daring--manned by unscrupulous1 although able1 men4 ,those were the pirate ships4 ,the ,,trusts compared to ,labor ,,unions are the pirate ships compared to honest ships of commerce4 ,,france ,,has ,,learned ,,her ,,lesson ,the employes on the ,paris underground railroad had a strike and have settled their strike4 ,the terms of the settlement amaze the outside world4 ,the terms are especially amazing to the ,american--and well they may be4 ,the employes of the underground railroad in ,paris are ,,government employes4 ,their strike inconvenienced the public1 and even the radical ,french people were annoyed with the strikers4 ,in other ,european countries and in this country1 as the news reports very truly say1 the strike of those ,government employes would have been dealt with very summarily4 ,three engines of civilization would have been brought into play effectively4 ,first the police1 second the cavalry1 third ,gatling guns4 ---- ,but the police1 the cavalry and guns were tried on the ,french people long ago1 and that little matter was fought out and settled4 ,the men who govern ,france know that at a certain stage in the proceedings a courageous people will not stand ,gatling guns1 cavalry or police4 ,they have found out in ,france that the way to deal with striking workmen is just the way the ,government official would like to be dealt with himself if he were a striking workman instead of a well-paid public officer4 ,the striking men complained that their day's work was too long and their pay too small4 ,the pay was increased and the day shortened--which was perfectly right4 ,each employe is now allowed one day off in seven1 and ten days' vacation every year with full pay--which is perfectly right4 ,the young men employed on the road are compelled to do twenty days' work in the army each year4 ,their wages are paid while they are doing this compulsory military work--which is perfectly right4 ,if a man is ill through no fault or vice of his own he gets his pay as long as he is ill up to three hundred and sixty-five days1 and the company in whose service he has become ill pays his doctor's bill1 his drug store bill and any extra expenses involved--which is perfectly just and fair4 ,no striker is to be dismissed because of having taken part in the strike4 ,a benefit fund is provided for the employes of this ,government enterprise--and the company pays the membership subscription to the benefit fund with ,,no ,,deduction ,,from ,,the ,,workmen',s ,,pay4 ,the above seems a horrible narrative to the energetic ,american exploiter of labor4 ,it would have seemed very stupid1 in fact quite incomprehensible1 to the ,french ,government at any time before the ,revolution4 ,but the ,revolution taught ,france and some other people that a nation1 like any other structure1 is insecure when its foundation is agitated4 ,the foundation of a nation is the enormous mass of working people1 and that foundation the ,french have learned to respect and treat well4 ,we shall learn as much here some day4 ,let us hope we shall learn it more peaceably than the ,french did4 ,,union ,,men ,,as ,,slave ,,owners ,,what ,,plans ,,has ,,the ,,five-,,dollar-,a-,,day ,,man ,,made ,,to ,,help ,,his ,,poorer ,,fellow-,,creatures8 ,every addition within reason to wages1 every reasonable reduction of working hours1 must help the whole nation4 ,working human beings have been looked upon through the ages as slaves1 either on an actual slave-owning basis or on an insufficient wage basis--which is about the same thing4 ,each recognition of the worker's rights moves us a little farther from slave days4 ,every time a new class earns decent treatment by hard fighting we see increased the number of those who may properly be called men4 ,the blind employer asks3 ,shall men be allowed to fix their own wages8 ,,of ,,course they shall4 ,and until they do fix their own wages they are not men at all4 ,the ox does not fix his hours of labor or the quantity of his corn4 ,but the man does4 ,the man controlled like an ox is nearer an ox than a man4 ,we delight in the efforts of unions4 ,we are advocates of every movement that tends to divide among a still larger class the good things of the world4 ,but this newspaper is no mere labor union organ4 ,we care more for the welfare of the humblest1 non-organized1 underpaid1 underfed citizen than for the finest1 most highly paid1 most intelligent mechanic4 ,the man who is least well off needs our help most4 ,he needs1 above all men1 some practical ,,proof that he lives where men are equal4 ,he should be the object of earnest thought on the part of the five-dollar-a-day man4 ,it is the five-dollar-a-day man1 the able mechanic1 whom we address to-day3 ---- ,many of your thoughts and words1 ,mr4 ,five-,dollar ,man1 are devoted to plutocrats4 ,you are not free from envy4 ,you consider1 and with perfect justice1 that you do not--even with your five dollars--get your share of the world's good things4 ,but1 for a change to-day1 will you look ,,down instead of ,,up8 ,you work hard at five dollars per day to fatten in comfort the happy millionaire employer4 ,all right2 admitted4 ,but did you ever think who works hard to fatten ,,you8 ,did it ever occur to you that you are a plutocrat1 and a very numerous and decided plutocrat8 ,do you ever wonder what you will answer when the time comes for those whom you underpay to demand eight hours and fair wages of ,,you8 ,you keep a servant girl to help your wife4 ,does she work eight hours a day8 ,no2 she works about fourteen1 and hears a good deal of grumbling because she does not do better4 ,does she get union wages8 ,no2 she gets about thirty cents a day4 ,does she get double pay on holidays8 ,can she put on any substitute if she chooses to wander off for two or three days a week8 ,the woman who works to make your life comfortable works just as many hours as you can make her work1 and she gets just as little pay as you can get her to take4 ,is that all right8 ---- ,and the servant girl is not the only one4 ,some farmer's hand works to raise the wheat1 the potatoes that you eat4 ,what is he paid8 ,what are his hours8 ,fifty cents a day1 twelve or fourteen hours of work4 ,and your bootmaker in the factory1 and the sweat-shop slave who makes your coat1 and the long list of other poor devils who work for about one-tenth of your salary4 ,do you know why you are comparatively well off8 ,simply because the man for whom ,,you work pays you ten times as much as you pay the men and women who work for ,,you4 ,you pay indirectly8 ,true4 ,but what difference does that make8 ,you are well-to-do because you purchase without question the product of men who are really slaves4 ,you have brains1 and by combination have ,,forced your employer to treat you decently4 ,yes1 and you deserve credit4 ,but you are not fundamentally superior to the other men around you4 ,what are you going to do when they demand treatment as good as yours8 ,what are you going to reply when they class you with the other plutocrats8 ,you enjoy the work of only ten or twenty underpaid men--that is so4 ,but you are in the same class with the plutocrat who enjoys the profit on the work of ten or twenty thousand men4 ,utter disregard of others--where it does not affect your own wages--is your rule1 and you know it4 ,what better joke is there than the joke about the union label8 ,how many hats on your rack have union labels in them8 ,how many of you can swear no sweatshop ever saw your clothes8 ,how many of you would apologize for not offering your friend a union-made cigar8 ,it is the nature of man to think earnestly of only one thing at a time4 ,if one pursuit really engrosses his attention he has little time to think of anything else4 ,in the hard struggle for a living the workingman has little time for any thought save for his ,,own wage1 his ,,own stomach1 his ,,own welfare4 ,as union men you will continue to struggle for your five dollars a day--restricting apprentices1 that others may be shut out from your field2 opposing changes threatening you1 however beneficial they may be generally4 ,but as individuals you must ,,think4 ,you study1 and1 being free from the grind of real poverty1 you should be less hardened than the unfortunate1 and inclined to feel for others4 ,you have made a good fight against the slavery that used to oppress you4 ,in ,england you destroyed mills1 endured shooting and hanging4 ,all over the world1 by hard fighting and wise voting1 you have established the fact that the top class of mechanics must no longer be treated as cattle4 ,now1 what are you going to do for the others who are still cattle8 ,you have demanded in the name of holy justice that others help you4 ,in the same name1 what do you propose to do for those still oppressed8 ,will you use your big voting power for the millions who are still at the bottom8 ,will you combine for the benefit of the vast army as you have combined for your ,,own benefit8 ,or will you wait--as did the employers--to be ,,forced into decency8 ,will you free your own collection of underpaid1 overworked slaves1 or wait for them to organize and beat you into decency1 as your representatives did with your oppressors long ago8 ,take a look downward once in a while4 ,study those below you4 ,glance over your own little collection of wage slaves in your kitchen and wherever your money is spent4 ,there is a problem there for you when you shall have finished hurrahing for your own eight hours4 ,,again ,,the ,,limited ,,day',s ,,work ,,wisely ,,handled1 ,,it ,,means ,,emancipation ,,from ,,industrial ,,slavery4 ,we refer again to the much discussed rule in labor unions limiting the amount of work that a man shall do in a day4 ,as a matter of fact1 in many unions no such rule exists4 ,in some it does exist1 and ,,must exist4 ,there is nothing in the notion that limiting the day's work will diminish the excellence of ,american workmen4 ,on the contrary1 the ,,best work is done slowly and carefully4 ,the ,,worst work is done at high speed4 ,that very aristocratic financier who denounces the regulations as to a day's output will say to the man who is doing something ,,for ,,him1 ,take your time2 ,i want this done very carefully4 ,why should not ,,everybody',s work be done carefully8 ,but it is not merely careful work that is involved in the regulating of the day's work4 ,the welfare of the nation and of the nation's future is involved4 ,go with the man who denounces labor unions for limiting the amount of work that a good ,american mechanic should do in one day1 to the stable in which that man keeps his fine horses4 ,you can easily bring about this dialogue3 ,that mare in the box stall is a beautiful horse4 ,is she fast8 ,rich ,owner--,yes1 very fast4 ,i value her more highly than any horse ,i have4 ,how many miles do you drive her every day8 ,oh1 ,i don't drive her ,,every day4 ,i drive her one day1 and have her jogged quietly the next4 ,when ,i do drive her1 ,i jog her for two or three miles to warm her up1 then speed her a mile or two1 and then take her home4 ,she covers perhaps six or seven miles in an entire day's work4 ,but you ,,could drive her twenty-five miles1 couldn't you1 and drive her as far as that ,,every day8 ,oh1 yes1 ,i ,,could1 of course1 if ,i was only thinking of using her up and getting all ,i could out of her now4 ,but1 you see1 ,i mean to use her for a brood-mare2 ,i expect to get some splendid colts from her1 and ,i don't want to wear out her vitality4 ,i might get a little more fun or a little more work out of her just now1 ,,but ,i ,,would ,,lose ,,in ,,the ,,long ,,run4 ---- ,now1 gentlemen1 the labor union rule limiting a day's work simply considers the workingman as that imaginary rich person considers his beautiful horse4 ,and the feeling of the labor unions should be shared by the entire country4 ,the highly skilled ,american mechanic is one of the chief assets of this country2 the intelligent1 scientific1 up-to-date ,american farmer is another highly important asset4 ,these two classes of citizens ,,are ,,the ,,united ,,states4 ,between them they are more important than all the rest of the nation put together4 ,,and ,,yet ,,they ,,are ,,not ,,as ,,important ,,as ,,their ,,children4 ,the workingman of to-day is the father of the future4 ,the trouble with us is that the employer1 unlike the owner of the fine horses1 has no interest in that workingman's future or in his future family4 ,he employs and treats the workingman as the casual heartless customer would treat that fine horse if it were rented by the day at a livery stable4 ,there is much to be said1 no doubt1 on the side of harassed employers1 many of whom are fair-minded men1 and many of whom are put to unjust annoyance by some of the labor unions' mistakes4 ,but1 first of all1 the employer must realize the ,,rights and the ,,equality of his workmen4 ,and as a patriotic citizen he must realize that the welfare of the future is in the health and vitality of parents to-day4 ,by limiting the amount of work which they do in one day our mechanics enable themselves to preserve some of their vitality for mental work1 for educating talks with their children4 ,,they ,,give ,,to ,,their ,,children ,,the ,,vitality ,,which ,,the ,,sweatshop ,,slave ,,can ,,never ,,give4 ,what are our laws against sweatshops but laws acknowledging the justice of regulating the amount of the day's work8 ,and why do we refuse to permit unions to do for themselves what we do on a sentimental1 philanthropic1 haphazard basis1 through our sweatshop laws1 for the miserable1 unorganized workers of the slums8 ,,to ,,the ,,merchants ,,please ,,listen ,,patiently ,,to ,a ,,discussion ,,of ,,the ,,labor ,,union ,,from ,,your ,,point ,,of ,,view4 ,we invite the merchants to consider the question of unions and of high wages from ,,their ,,own point of view4 ,if we err in our statements or conclusions we shall be glad to print replies and criticisms from responsible merchants over their own signatures4 ,this we maintain3 ,,that ,,in ,,promoting ,,the ,,welfare ,,and ,,increasing ,,the ,,wages ,,of ,,the ,,great ,,body ,,of ,,workingmen1 ,,we ,,promote ,,the ,,welfare ,,and ,,increase ,,the ,,prosperity ,,of ,,all ,,legitimate ,,merchants ,,and ,,business ,,men4 ,the unions make mistakes4 ,the employers make mistakes4 ,the unions are often unreasonable4 ,the employers are unreasonable sometimes4 ,no doubt in ,america the workingman is more exacting and more highly paid than anywhere else4 ,but in ,america1 also1 the merchant is more quickly and numerously successful than anywhere else4 ---- ,as a subject for our text to-day we shall take the street-car lines--surface1 underground or elevated--of any great ,american city4 ,the success of every street-car system is made ,,by ,,all ,,the ,,inhabitants ,,of ,,the ,,city4 ,every woman who brings a baby into the world in a great city adds so much value to the stock of that city's street railroads4 ,she increases the gross income of that railroad by about three dollars and sixty-five cents a year with each child to which she gives birth4 ,therefore the street railroad should properly serve the public that gives the road its value4 ,next in importance to the traveling public come the human beings that work on the street railroad--the conductors1 motormen1 gatemen1 gripmen1 engineers1 etc4 ,this newspaper fights constantly to improve within reason the pay and the hours of work of the street railroad employes4 ,this we do for the sake of the employes themselves1 and for no other reason4 ,we demand better pay for the men that they may lead decent ,american lives1 feeding and clothing their wives and children1 and educating their children properly4 ,we demand short hours for them1 that they may live part of the twenty-four hours ,,with their families1 knowing their own children and bringing a little pleasure and companionship into the lives of their patient wives4 ,we are proud of the fact that we have helped in a small way to increase the prosperity and happiness of many tens of thousands of honest families1 that we have increased the ,,opportunities of many thousands of children4 ,we want the merchants to remember that1 while we have thus striven to protect those masses of the people whom we represent and whose ,,advocate we are1 we have also advanced enormously1 although without premeditation1 the fortune and quick success of every capable and legitimate merchant4 ,who owns the stock in the street railroads8 ,a few individuals--a ,widener1 an ,elkins1 a ,yerkes1 a ,whitney1 or some other energetic private individual4 ,one street railroad system1 let us say1 employs ten thousand men4 ,they struggle to add one dollar per day to their pay4 ,we help them with moral support and publicity1 and they succeed4 ,,ten ,,thousand ,,families have each ,,one ,,dollar a day more to spend1 or ten thousand dollars a day in all4 ,what becomes of that ten thousand dollars added daily to the living-money of ten thousand families8 ,,every ,,dollar ,,of ,,it ,,goes ,,into ,,the ,,hands ,,of ,,the ,,merchant1 ,,the ,,landlord1 ,,or ,,the ,,savings ,,bank4 ,if the men had not got that increase in wages1 what would have become of that ten thousand dollars daily1 or #c1fej1jjj ,a ,,year8 ,would it have gone to the merchants of the great cities8 ,would it have gone to build up thousands of comfortable little homes in all the suburbs of the great towns8 ,would it have enabled thousands of ,american boys and girls to stay in school instead of going in their infancy to the mills and factories8 ,no6 ,if that money were not distributed among the people in the shape of good ,american wages for good ,american work1 it would go to build big race tracks1 where thieves and gamblers are manufactured4 ,it would go to buying foolish bogus antiquities that no man needs4 ,it would go to building ridiculous and uncalled-for palaces where human mushrooms without a sense of humor imitate in their idleness the active types of the past4 ---- ,when this newspaper adds to the payroll of a great corporation1 it adds to the happiness of a great many families2 and therein lie its pride and its excuse for being4 ,and at the same time this increase in the payroll of the ,trust or the monopolizer of public privileges means an increase in the income1 the prosperity1 the legitimate reward of the enterprising merchant1 builder and general business man4 ,we do not lack criticism from well-meaning friends who conduct great stores or other business enterprises4 ,we appreciate all criticisms and suggestions4 ,we offer a suggestion in return3 ,let the builder who dislikes unions ,,go ,,to ,,china and build his apartment houses4 ,he will find patient workmen at ten cents a day4 ,he will find laws that suppress the unions1 and laws that suppress the newspaper which takes the side of the poor4 ,he will find a non-union ,utopia4 ,but he will not find tenants for his buildings1 because in a land where men don't get high wages they can't pay high rents1 and when the few ,li ,hung ,changs have built their palaces the building boom is over4 ,let the great merchant who deplores unions start a ,,department ,,store ,,in ,,china4 ,he will never see a walking delegate2 he will never be bothered by the dark cloud of unionism4 ,he will find a perfect heaven in the way of low wages4 ,,but ,,he ,,will ,,not ,,be ,,able ,,to ,,sell ,,goods4 ,his department store will dwindle into a store for selling rice1 and while his velvets1 silks1 hats and muslins moulder he will get very sick of a hundred million women who don't spend forty cents in a year4 ,in the land where men are not well paid ,,they ,,can',t ,,spend ,,money4 ,the best friend of the ,american merchant1 builder1 lawyer1 doctor1 property owner1 banker and general business man is the individual or the newspaper that helps the people to get high wages1 ,,and ,,thus ,,gives ,,them ,,money ,,to ,,spend4 ,,what ,,about ,,the ,,chinese1 ,,kind ,,sir8 ,a prosperous and old ,new ,york merchant assures a conference of workingmen that ,england's great strikes have caused that country to lose its leadership in exports of machinery4 ,if ,england's wonderful system of trades unionism has hurt its exports of machinery1 if abundance of very cheap slave labor means great industrial superiority1 we beg to ask this question3 ,,why ,,is ,,not ,,china ,,the ,,great ,,exporting ,,country ,,of ,,the ,,world8 ,there are scores of millions of men in ,china glad to work for a few pennies per day4 ,there are no labor unions in ,china1 and in some districts the employer can have his workmen beheaded for demanding an increase of pay4 ,if the venerable old ,new ,york merchant is right1 ,china ought to be certainly a marvellously successful country industrially4 ,as a matter of fact1 ,china is dead1 and there is no better proof of her complete deadness than the fact that among all her millions of coolies there is not enough spirit for the formation of a labor union4 ,the energy of the ,british workman established ,england's industrial greatness and fought for and won the great trades-union system which the workmen of this country are developing so ably4 ---- ,suppose it were true that trades unionism1 with its higher wages and shorter hours1 decreases exports--what of it8 ,is it not more important to have ten million workmen well paid1 with reasonable leisure and decent lives1 than to have a handful of iron masters and coal-mine owners piling up millions of pounds and producing sons like the famous ,jubilee ,juggins8 ,wouldn't it be better for ,china if her several hundred millions of citizens were well paid1 well fed and well educated1 even though ,li ,hung ,chang and the other prosperous viceroys should all be paid a little less money1 and own fewer square miles of rice fields and tea plants8 ---- ,in ,huxley's admirable biography1 written by his son1 you may read of a 'longshoreman who1 thanks to reasonably short hours of work and a little leisure1 took up the study of scientific subjects4 ,he was aided by ,huxley1 who lent him a microscope1 and ultimately this common 'longshoreman's researches were of real value to the scientific world4 ,isn't it well to have a trades-union system which curbs the avariciousness of employers and gives workmen a chance to develop the best that is in them8 ,isn't it better for ,england to have that 'longshoreman develop into a scientist than to let some man who employs him make an extra shilling a day out of his labor1 even though it should add a little to the exports of ,england8 ---- ,a country's greatness depends on the quality of the men that live in the country1 not on goods manufactured to sell to outside nations4 ,rome was doing little exporting when she ruled the world4 ,she was breeding men1 independent and brave1 who could bring the products of the world to her4 ,she did not need to worry about exports1 nor does any other country need to worry about them4 ,the thing to worry about is the condition of your citizens1 the education of children1 the decent treatment of women1 the equality of laws4 ,other things take care of themselves4 #aej ,,against #aej1jjj--,,we ,,favor ,,the #aej1jjj ,it should not take long to convince a man fit to live in a republic that public welfare demands the support of ,union ,labor4 ,no better proof of that could be asked than a spectacle presented in ,chicago4 ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,fifty contractors have practically locked out ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,fifty ,,thousand men4 ,the contractors want bigger profits--to be got through underpaying and overworking their employes4 ,the men want better pay and shorter hours4 ---- ,leave out sentiment if you choose4 ,ignore the fact that on one side the few who enjoy everything are industriously squeezing the many who have little enjoyment4 ,look at things purely from the standpoint of benefit to the nation and the nation's future4 ,if the hundred and fifty win1 they will have a little more money4 ,their wives and daughters will dress a little more grotesquely4 ,their families will be able to go abroad oftener and stay longer4 ,their heirs will be able to make more complete idiots of themselves--and that is all4 ,personally we should like to see all contractors' families prosperous--all ,american families prosperous4 ,no man's wife or daughter can be too happy to suit us1 provided things more important be not neglected4 ---- ,if ,union ,labor wins1 ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,fifty ,,thousand families will be able to lead at least decent ,american workingmen's lives4 ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,fifty ,,thousand wives will be able to dress their children comfortably and to dress themselves respectably4 ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,fifty ,,thousand families of children will be brought up more nearly as ,american children ought to be4 ,which is more important3 ,,the ,,welfare ,,of #aej ,,contractors' ,,families8 7,they will have enough anyhow47 ,or ,,the ,,welfare ,,of #aej1jjj ,,workingmen',s ,,families8 7,they will have only a decent living at best47 ,perhaps you have drifted away from the early ,american idea1 and refuse to admit that one family is as good as another4 ,it may seem anarchistic to suggest that the workingman's wife1 who acts as wife1 mother1 cook1 washwoman1 nurse and housekeeper1 is as good as the lady who has less to attend to4 ,but admitting--which we don't--that one hundred and fifty contractors' families are more important than one hundred and fifty workingmen's families1 surely all will agree that ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,fifty ,,thousand of the alleged inferiors ought to offset the #aej alleged superiors4 ---- ,if the contractors win1 the ,paris dressmakers will be richer1 and a few families will have a little added to what they do not really need4 ,if the workingmen win1 the future of hundreds of thousands of men1 women and children will be made brighter1 and the citizenship of the future made stronger by men better fed1 better clothed and better educated4 ---- ,this newspaper hopes for labor union victory and means to help it along1 ,,because ,,the ,,public ,,welfare ,,demands ,,it4 ,,to-,,day',s ,,world-,,struggle ,far off in the distance shines the goal of present human ambition4 ,it is a shining1 golden light4 ,toward that light the millions struggle1 trampling each other1 sacrificing everything in the harsh fight for the dollar4 ,here and there a preacher thunders1 here and there a philosopher proses against the money struggle4 ,but they might as well whisper at the brink of ,niagara4 ,and often the preacher changes his thundering when a ,,rich church calls him1 often the philosopher grasps the first chance to forget philosophy in ,wall ,street4 ,the men admired to-day are the men who have made millions--some are admired because they find excitement in giving the millions away1 others because they silently pile more millions upon the others already gained4 ,society1 the class devoted to pleasure1 consists now1 in ,america1 of those who have much money4 ,literary success depends upon the money which the writer accumulates4 ,the man talked about is he who has ,,sold a hundred thousand books4 ,the rich boy at school is followed by toadies4 ,in college he learns contempt for human nature from the sycophancy of others4 ,representatives of the ,people may be found dogging the footsteps of those who need to buy laws1 or to steal the people's rights4 ---- ,it is a fierce and remorseless climb up the steep road to wealth4 ,there are many corpses1 many crimes1 many broken hearts1 haggard faces and bitter disappointments on that road4 ,the man with the ,good-money-making idea struggles on with it over the bodies of suicides and of those who have fallen in despair4 ,at the bottom of the road the murderer plies his trade with knife or poison--to make money4 ,and the murderer who has tried for ,,much money calls forth special interest and special privileges1 special new trials1 special newspaper headings4 ,at the top of the road to wealth1 another1 more intelligent class1 work with equally remorseless energy4 ,they murder no individual4 ,but they rob entire classes of society4 ,they tax others to fatten their pockets--they add to the cost of food that children eat--they coin human life into cash--smoothly and nicely1 using law-makers as tools4 ,envy and admiration are theirs--such admiration as the retail murderer can never earn4 ---- ,the struggle for money is the struggle of ,,the ,,whole ,,world to-day4 ,and of the money-making movement1 as of ,,all ,,world-,,wide ,,movements1 there is a side that is good and necessary4 ,divine wisdom guides the world1 and the human race1 working out its destiny in seeming blindness1 is not allowed to wander from the track of actual progress4 ,the money-making mania is one phase of human advancement4 ,this is the age of industrial progress4 ,money is simply the means of perfecting industry4 ,it is human labor condensed and put into compact1 transferable shape4 ,the man with the hundred millions can build the great railroad across the continent4 ,there is no more important work now than the building of that road4 ,the man with the thousand millions can control the great oil trust and a dozen other trusts4 ,he taxes the people--but his hundreds of millions do an important and necessary work4 ,it is well for us all that such a man has sacrificed health1 digestion1 happiness and all idea of self-indulgence to the accumulation of a vast industrial army of dollars4 ,the scramble for money1 looked at without understanding1 is a horrid sight4 ,but horrid also is the sight of a battle that frees slaves4 ,when the battle of money shall end1 the score will be on the right side of humanity's ledger4 ,a few forgotten billionaires will have struggled and died4 ,some millions of men will have died disappointed4 ,but industry will have been brought to perfection4 ,universities1 libraries and other benefactions will abound1 pleading for recognition of the money-making dyspeptics4 ,human ingenuity will have contrived some means for freeing men's minds from the dread of destitution4 ,the money struggle will have ended and humanity will be much better off1 much further advanced--as it is at the end of all great and painful struggles4 ,,white-,,rabbit ,,millionaires ,,and ,,other ,,things ,the most wonderful thing in ,america is--what do you think8 ,it is the absolute nullity of the man of many millions4 ,it is the vapid colorlessness1 the dull inactivity1 the total lack of imagination among men whose power is unlimited4 ,what possibilities are spread out before the man who by signing his name could set to work in any direction a million of his fellow men6 ,the world stands ready to obey his orders2 every law says that he shall have whatever he demands4 ,any conception born in his brain can become reality as soon as conceived4 ,but there is no conception there4 ,these comments are written1 not to scold1 or complain1 or suggest1 but simply to express wonder4 ,what man of millions does anything that a white rabbit does not do8 ,one man--of a hundred millions at least--has become recently very conspicuous among his golden fellows4 ,how8 ,by undertaking a scheme to irrigate the desert of ,sahara and give millions of fertile acres to humanity8 ,no4 ,by calling together1 at his expense1 the ablest thinkers of the world to discuss and to solve1 if possible1 the social questions that so deeply concern the millionaire's future8 ,no4 ,by seeking1 through study and experiment1 to abolish child-labor1 to promote public education1 to encourage science art or ,american inventiveness8 ,no4 ,this millionaire1 much discussed because of his piquant originality1 has put on a dress coat with two pointed tails behind1 and1 geared in a white shirt front and white tie1 with silk socks highly colored and patent leather shoes1 this splendid ,american product has led a cotillon and has led a cakewalk4 ,grand1 splendid1 magnificent1 inspiring1 isn't it8 ,what lop-eared1 mild-eyed rabbit dancing in a clover field with a full paunch need fear comparison with this man of millions8 ,old ,jacques ,coeur1 of ,france1 giving his fleets to his country--there was a man of millions and imagination combined4 ,but his kind has died out1 and in his place we have a herd of overfed1 sleek1 timorous1 hopping white rabbits1 hoarding their piles of gold1 shivering at the mention of change or innovation1 asking only for peaceful possession1 as free from thought as the fat oyster in his bed4 ,what wonderful things1 what useful things1 what dangerous things could these all-powerful men do8 ,what could they not do8 ,they ,,do nothing4 ,,no ,,happiness ,,save ,,in ,,mental ,,and ,,physical ,,activity4 ,bresci1 who murdered the ,italian ,king1 is sentenced to solitary confinement for life4 ,while you read this he sits on a narrow plank in a cell not much bigger than a sleeping-car section4 ,if you talk to any friend about ,bresci--and especially if you mention the subject to any young man inclined to be idle--call attention to this point4 ,you can amplify what must be presented briefly here4 ,bresci's imprisonment is torture--why8 ,because it sentences him to ,,do ,,nothing4 ,every man put on this earth is put here for a purpose4 ,he is put here to work1 to struggle1 to interest himself in his fellows1 to share the pleasures and disappointments of others4 ,the wise laws ruling the universe fill us with a ,,desire to do that which we were meant to do4 ,it is intended that we should be active here1 and1 therefore1 although we often fail to realize it1 our happiness lies in activity4 ,bresci is to be tortured beyond the power of imagination because he will be forbidden to follow nature's law4 ,he will be forbidden to fulfill man's destiny here4 ,his brain1 his muscles1 his sentiments must lie idle until death or insanity shall come to relieve him4 ---- ,bresci will live on bread and water--but it is not the bread and water that will make his life worse than death4 ,he could be happy on such simple fare if his mind had work to do4 ,many a man has done his good work and enjoyed life's greatest pleasures while suffering mere hunger or poor fare4 ,many men would be happier if they could see ,bresci1 the murderer1 forced into that idleness which is sometimes ignorantly desired4 ,in his prison ,bresci is protected from the sun and the rain and the cold4 ,he can sleep as many hours as he likes4 ,no duns can trouble him4 ,he pays no rent4 ,there is absolutely nothing that he ,,must do4 ,but there is absolutely nothing that he ,,can do4 ,the saddest slave in ,morocco toiling under the heaviest load would win ,bresci's gratitude if only he would let ,bresci carry that load4 ,the most desperate man1 harassed by cares of all kinds1 would seem blissfully happy in ,bresci's eyes1 for he has at least full play for his sentiments1 for his activities4 ---- ,to punish ,ravaillac's attack on the life of the ,french ,king1 long ago1 they tried ingenious devices4 ,they broke him on the wheel4 ,they tortured him slowly4 ,finally they poured melted lead into his stomach through his navel4 ,it was a hard death4 ,but they did not punish ,ravaillac as severely as ,bresci is to be punished4 ,the minutes1 the hours1 the weeks1 months and years will drag along4 ,idleness1 idleness1 idleness4 ,nothing1 nothing1 nothing4 ,no human smile or voice to measure time4 ,sleep1 bread and water2 sleep1 bread and water4 ,gradually madness will come and bring relief4 ,be glad that you are active1 you who work willingly4 ,and you young man who rebel against labor and long for the chance to do nothing1 study ,bresci's case and take up your load gladly4 ,the decree condemning us to earn our bread in the sweat of our brow was merciful1 not stern4 ,for that same power which sentences all to work also causes happiness to be found in work alone4 ,,the ,,owner ,,of ,a ,,golden ,,mountain ,an old man sits at the end of his life1 with money piled up on all sides of him4 ,years ago he was working hard4 ,all his ability was strained to the utmost pushing back those who strove to pass him on the road up the golden mountain4 ,he enjoyed the conflict1 he enjoyed the sight of beaten rivals4 ,his delight was in work1 in ,,acquisition4 ,his growing surplus added new zest to his life4 ,he pitied the poor fool who wasted time at anything save money-making4 ,but he is at the top of the heap of money now4 ,he looks about1 and none compete with him4 ,a few strugglers--too far away to be heard--strive for a little of his useless accumulation4 ,legal sharpers struggle and get a little1 and in return keep away those who try to climb up near him4 ,the interest has gone out of life4 ,where he used to see competitors1 he now sees only old memories4 ,the old associates have gone--it is even too late to help them--and he will soon go1 too4 ,he looks out over the land1 and sees1 when it is too late1 all that he has missed while he thought he was doing the thing most important4 ,he has made a hundred millions of dollars1 but not one human friend4 ,he can hire almost any man to do anything4 ,but there is not enough money in the world to hire any one to miss him sincerely when he is gone4 ,such a man as this--an actual individual1 with wealth far exceeding one hundred millions--has insured his life for half a million4 ,to those who asked why he replied3 ,i want some insurance company to be sorry when ,i die4 ,no one else will be sorry4 ,possibly he thought he was joking4 ,but there was truth in what he said4 ,the man who piles up money builds a solid wall that shuts out the world from him4 ,sycophants climb over the wall--but their flattery and fawning grow tiresome4 ,old age and cessation of strong feeling cause the mind to see clearly--and hypocrisy no longer deceives in the old1 pleasant way4 ,the most depressing fact in the old man's life is the hopelessness of trying to change4 ,his mind has worked so long in one direction that it can no longer work in any other4 ,he would like1 perhaps1 to begin now and live as others live1 but he cannot do it4 ,there are men whose great wealth is earned ,,with ,,part ,,of ,,their ,,ability1 leaving them force and strength for other things4 ,such a man was ,peter ,cooper4 ,but the man most frequently seen in ,america is the man who accumulates money for money's sake4 ,his is a sad heart when he looks over the past and ahead into the short future4 ,if he has children1 he has hardly known them--and ,,his ,,money has separated them from each other4 ,when his son was a little child the rich man made himself think that he was piling up the money for that boy4 ,what became of that boy8 ,ask the ,keeley ,cure1 the public gambling houses1 ,monte ,carlo1 the divorce court--and the other resources of the sons of the very rich4 ,thousands envy him1 and he knows it4 ,but there is little in being envied when old age makes a lonely life unbearable1 and when the next striking event in his career will be a funeral4 ,there are hundreds of thousands of men with their thoughts fixed absolutely on money making4 ,they hate what threatens money4 ,they love those who sympathize with money4 ,they live1 work1 vote1 talk1 marry and cheat their friends for money4 ,if they fail--as most of them do--they die unhappy4 ,if they succeed1 money cheats ,,them1 and for all their devotion gives them nothing4 ,for what shall it profit a man if he shall gain the whole world1 and lose his own soul8 ,the man wastes his soul who devotes its forces only to accumulating wealth4 ,,the ,,human ,,weeds ,,in ,,prison ,how shall we approach a prison to see it fairly and to study it intelligently8 ,let us imagine ourselves visitors from a world outside of this4 ,far off in infinite space there is a small whirling planet--our earth4 ,little creatures move about this planet1 chained to it by the force of gravity4 ,but they ,,move as they choose1 and they call themselves ,,free4 ,there are millions of free square miles1 and hundreds of millions of free human beings4 ,but there just below us is the prison at ,auburn4 ,there the human beings are not free4 ,there suffer those who for any reason have violated the established rules of the little globe that supports them4 ,they have not even the freedom of the little patch of soil fenced in for them4 ,they cannot walk1 speak1 sit down1 lie down1 or stand up as they please4 ,they have broken some of the rules established for the protection of all4 ,they have misused their freedom1 and in punishment their freedom is taken away from them4 ,they live in small cells1 in a very big prison4 ,gray stone1 iron bars1 striped suits1 enforced silence1 enforced work1 enforced regularity of life--all these punish most keenly those whose first crime was lack of self-control and lack of regularity4 ---- ,in every prison and in every prisoner there are lessons for each of us4 ,you will not waste time to-day if you walk through this great ,auburn prison and think of the men there think why they came there1 think how they could have been saved1 think what will gradually empty prisons and make them unnecessary4 ,a man with one arm opens the first iron gate--his mutilated body foreshadows the mutilated minds and souls within4 ,before the door of the prison there are bright flowers--the name of the prison itself stands out in brightly colored blossoms to prove the gardener's ability and strange sense of the appropriate4 ,many of the causes that bring men there are written out in just such bright colors--when first seen--and many a prisoner must have thought of that as he passed through the iron door4 ,a party of six or seven go through the prison with you4 ,there is a woman of middle age1 stout and cheerful1 in a bright purple dress4 ,there are two children1 a moon-faced man1 a tall1 thin man1 and others whom you do not notice4 ,carelessly they look at a nervous woman sitting in the reception room talking to a convict4 ,they take no interest in her1 no interest in the convict4 ,to you the prison guide says3 ,she comes here to see him as often as the rules allow4 ,she's his wife4 ,she's been coming for seven years4 ,i tell you1 women get the hard end of it in this world4 ,women do indeed get the hard end of it4 ,there are twelve hundred men in that prison--and every one of them has caused some woman to suffer4 ,and every one has broken the heart of one other woman--his mother4 ,through a narrow door you travel with your fellow-visitors4 ,at every step you marvel at the curious indifference of average humanity to the one interesting thing--their fellow-man4 ,there are shown to you piles upon piles of loaves of bread--fresh and brown4 ,the guide says3 ,we bake every day4 ,nine hundred loaves a day4 ,the stout woman in purple sighs with amazement1 the children gape1 the man with the round face has an anxious look--he seems to be a taxpayer4 ,but not one looks at or thinks of the convict who turns quickly away to hide a thin1 white face4 ,to you the guide says3 ,he's a forger4 ,you can see he's sensitive about being here4 ,some of them never seem to get used to it4 ---- ,the stout woman in purple is delighted with the enormous copper vats for making the convicts' coffee4 ,she is charmed with the great iron pots for boiling soup4 ,but you will be more interested in these facts3 ,there is a great chapel--,,but ,,no ,,convict ,,is ,,compelled ,,to ,,attend4 ,there is a huge wash room--fitted with showers for the hardy1 with porcelain tubs for the old and crippled--,,and ,,every ,,man ,,is ,,compelled ,,to ,,take ,,his ,,bath4 ,how much of progress1 how much that is hopeful for humanity1 is told in those words6 ,religious services are optional--no more compulsion of man's soul or of his belief4 ,bathing ,,is ,,compulsory4 ,truly1 we progress1 and the prison rules prove it4 ,there were showers in every prison and in every insane asylum one hundred years ago--but those showers were used only to torture the criminal or the lunatic4 ,he was doused with cold water until senseless4 ,there were chapels in the old-time prisons1 and all were forced to accept and profess such views as the majority or the ruler chose to profess4 ,that prison at ,auburn is a monument to humanity's sorrows and weaknesses4 ,but it tells in every department of human decency and of a constant striving by those who are fortunate to help others4 ,in the prison yard a squad of convicts are marching4 ,the lock-step is there no longer4 ,prison reform has ended that4 ,the convict is no longer forced into a gait which stamps him ever after4 ,there are electric lights in the hundreds of cells--and there is absolute cleanliness throughout the vast structure4 ,no hotel is cleaner1 if any be as clean4 ,the convicts get their letters twice a week4 ,they have pictures in their cells--and they may have musical instruments if they wish2 and many a man1 beside his narrow plank bed1 has a strip of rag carpet made at home4 ,their lives are horrible--for confinement kills men's souls2 and one has said who knew prison life3 ,it is only what is ,,good in man ,that wastes and withers there2 ,pale ,anguish keeps the heavy gate1 ,and the ,warder is ,despair4 ---- ,while you go through the prison you see the things mentioned--electric lights1 clean halls1 bathing apparatus1 and the rest4 ,but you ,,study the human beings working at their fixed tasks1 or moving about in their dismal1 heavy suits of stripes4 ,just as many kinds of faces as you see in a city street you see in that prison--but there you see more than elsewhere the failures1 the human weeds4 ,but at least there is a striving to make things better4 ,society no longer willingly tortures its failures4 ,it controls1 punishes1 but does not hate them4 ,there are no beatings1 no tortures1 no close-cropped heads1 even1 for the convict may grow his hair as he chooses4 ,every man who knows no trade is taught one4 ,there is a feeling of moral responsibility to the criminal1 and a desire at least to make him ,,no ,,worse4 ,the prisoners are divided into two classes3 those whose faces and skulls tell of evil birth and predestined failure1 and those who are simply like others--average men1 victims of chance1 of temptation1 of ability ill-balanced1 of ignorance1 of drink1 or even of accident4 ,in one great room the convicts are weaving--working at hand looms4 ,the work is desperately hard4 ,both hands and both feet are going constantly4 ,human power is used1 that the greatest amount of labor and least competition with the outside working world may be simultaneously achieved4 ,at one loom sits a poor creature1 a dismal human failure4 ,his forehead is half an inch high and a bony ridge-telling of unfortunate prenatal influence--runs high along the top of his head4 ,his small eyes are close together4 ,his exaggerated chin protrudes2 only a cunning look directed now and then toward the watchful warden tells that any thinking goes on in that miserable being4 ,his best place1 perhaps1 is there4 ,he is protected against himself1 and society has no other way of taking care of him4 ,near him sits a young boy in his teens4 ,his face is intelligent2 he is not a born criminal4 ,he is above the average in intelligence1 and in him there are all possibilities of success and usefulness4 ,a boyish piece of criminal foolishness brought him there--and he must now spend years degenerating into real criminality under the influences around him4 ,there are the two extreme samples of humanity in that cage which we build to protect ourselves against ourselves4 ,it is a dismal garden set apart for human weeds and in it many a good plant is hopelessly driven into the weed class4 ,of the men in that prison may truly be said what a great student of plant life--,luther ,burbank-- says of the poor weeds that we despise among plants3 ,there is not one weed or flower1 wild or domesticated1 which will not1 sooner or later1 respond liberally to good cultivation and persistent selection4 99 99 99 ,weeds are weeds because they are jostled1 crowded1 cropped and trampled upon1 scorched by fierce heat1 starved1 or1 perhaps1 suffering with cold1 wet feet1 tormented by insect pests or lack of nourishing food and sunshine4 ,most of them have no opportunity for blossoming out in luxurious beauty and abundance4 99 99 99 ,when a plant once wakes up to the new influences brought to bear upon it the road is opened for endless improvement in all directions4 ,more pitiable than any weeds in a garden and more worthy of sympathy are those poor human weeds in the great prison4 ,crowded and kept ignorant in youth1 tempted1 ill-fed1 cold and worried in after years1 their lot was hard--and their fall almost inevitable4 ,they must be confined1 they must be protected against themselves1 they must suffer for the poor start given to them4 ,but the duty of those who are ,,free and fortunate is to treat kindly those who fall1 and especially to deal in such fashion with the young as shall minimize the crop of weeds later4 ,fortunately1 it may truly be said that humanity begins to realize its responsibilities in both lines of effort4 ,kindness reaches the convict in his prison4 ,and ,education1 the thrice blessed ,,american ,,public ,,school1 does steadily the work that makes useful plants of growing youth1 diminishing year by year the crop of weeds4 ,kindness and ,,education--go to ,auburn prison and you will realize how much work they have still to do in our country4 ,,crime ,,is ,,dying ,,out ,many of us feel that crime is the striking feature of modern life1 that this century sits among the skulls of crime's victims1 and that ,father ,time1 after all his ages of travel1 sees no improvement4 ,but those discouraged by modern crime misunderstand the meaning of events and fail to make a just comparison between the past and the present4 ,it is true that crime to-day is shocking in its frequency4 ,each day we see spread out before us murders4 ,but first of all remember this3 ,we often mistake widespread ,,news of crime for increase in crime itself4 ,the newspapers are multiplied in number by tens of thousands1 and they all tell what happens4 ,it seems as though crime had increased1 whereas in reality we have simply increased facilities for letting all the people know what goes on among us4 ---- ,we are shocked occasionally by crimes of poisoning4 ,go back a few centuries and you find men and women making a regular business of selling poison to those who want to commit murder4 ,the crimes that fill us with horror would not have been noticed in those days4 ,we hear of a father killing his own child1 and we declare that humanity is going to destruction4 ,yet but a few centuries back and ,,the ,,law ,,recognized ,,every ,,father',s ,,right ,,to ,,kill ,,his ,,child ,,if ,,he ,,chose4 ,we shudder when we hear that a mother has exposed a new-born child on a doorstep or thrown it into an ash barrel4 ,that is a horrid and unbelievable crime4 ,but in ,rome1 before the days of ,christianity1 there were appointed places where mothers might legally expose their children to destruction4 ,the wild beasts or dogs ate the children thus exposed1 and no one was shocked4 ,whoever might care to take such an exposed child could keep that child for a slave forever4 ,that kind of crime we have outgrown certainly4 ,the ,presbyterian teaching of infant damnation seems to us horrible4 ,we shudder at the statement that ,god would condemn a helpless baby to eternal punishment simply because it had not been baptized4 ,the idea seems cruel now4 ,but it was invented by the well-meaning early ,christians in order to make women give up the legal practice of infanticide4 ,the mother was made to believe that her unbaptized child went to hell1 and that she must follow later on for not having had it baptized4 ,thus women were afraid to expose their children secretly1 and infanticide was stamped out by a ,christian doctrine which now seems so brutal4 ---- ,and note one thing above all3 ,crime still lingers among us4 ,but it is now ,,labeled ,,as ,,crime4 ,we no longer have horrible crimes sanctioned by law4 ,we read that a criminal has tortured some old man or woman for money--and then murdered the victim4 ,we can scarcely believe in such atrocity4 ,but only a little while ago--barely two centuries-- ,,it ,,was ,,the ,,regular ,,legal ,,custom ,,to ,,torture ,,old ,,people ,,and ,,young4 ,poor old women1 falsely accused of witchcraft1 were burned alive and ducked in this country1 while clergymen and magistrates looked on and applauded4 ,all over ,europe innocent witnesses could be tortured to make them give testimony at a trial4 ,men accused of no crime whatever were tortured to make them give testimony against others--often when they had no testimony to give4 ,they were hung up by the thumbs1 the bones of their legs were crushed in a boot of steel1 the soles of the feet were roasted over a brazier of red-hot coals--to make them help convict another4 ,the noble leaders of the ,french ,revolution abolished such torture of witnesses in ,france1 and they were criticised for doing so by the respectabilities4 ,how are you going to convict criminals if you do not torture witnesses8 the respectable element asked4 ,we have got beyond that state of affairs4 ,we hear of murders based on jealousy-- perverted affection4 ,we hear of crimes based on envy--perverted ambition4 ,all of the best elements in man1 when perverted and thwarted1 lead to crime4 ,and these perverted passions will continue to breed crime until men shall have learned to regulate society on a basis that will give full and natural play to the forces within us4 ,but organized murder on a really vast scale is practically done away with4 ,caesar1 ,alexander1 ,napoleon and others like them had great ambition4 ,to gratify their ambitions they forced millions of men to die for them4 ,human beings have protected themselves against the murderous ambitions of their great leaders4 ,the ,napoleon of to-day must get a ,congress to give him his soldiers4 ,public opinion1 the ballot and financial science have pulled the teeth of the greatest instrument of crime--the conquering army of ambition4 ,it is horrible to witness the assassination of a national leader4 ,the murder of ,mc,kinley or ,carnot makes republican hopes seem chimerical4 ,but it must be remembered that not so long ago the head of a government who ,,escaped assassination was the exception4 ,a few centuries back1 and murder was the natural end of the average ruler4 ---- ,murder results first from control of the brain by animal passions4 ,almost every animal is a murderer1 and at stated times murders its own kind4 ,primitive man is always murderous4 ,murder results1 in the second place1 from misdirected forces within us4 ,crime will diminish through education1 as the mind takes control of us1 and through society better organized1 which shall give men a chance to develop normally4 ,thanks to education and to improving social conditions1 crime is disappearing1 ,,not increasing4 ,even our despondency is comforting4 ,it proves that we have progressed so far as to be horrified at that which we should have taken for granted a few centuries back4 ,,the ,,value ,,of ,,poverty ,,to ,,the ,,world ,,ask ,,your ,,friend ,,what ,,he ,,would ,,do ,,if ,,he ,,had ,a ,,million ,a majority of men long for a great deal of money4 ,each man will tell you that he is struggling along in uncongenial employment2 that if he had his way his life would be arranged very differently4 ,put to any friend this question3 ,what would you do if you had a million dollars8 ,you will learn that1 first of all1 he would get rid of the useful daily plodding that occupies him4 ,instead of living to work he would live to enjoy himself4 ,a majority of men are usefully employed because they must work to live4 ,if we all had our way we should do as we chose1 and there would be no progress4 ,fortunately1 the wisdom of ,providence keeps the great majority of men poor and usefully busy4 ---- ,this writer asked an able business man1 who manages the material success of a great newspaper1 what he would do if he had a million dollars4 ,he replied without hesitation3 ,i would go abroad and spend the rest of my life collecting artistic things and enjoying them4 ,by his newspaper work1 which helps to disseminate truth and to fight privilege1 this man renders the greatest possible service to the world4 ,he is head of the commissariat department of an army of righteousness4 ,how fortunate that he cannot abandon his useful work to collect artistic trash that would only make him useless and enrich a few unscrupulous dealers6 ---- ,joseph ,jefferson as an actor has done great good for the world4 ,he has filled hundreds of thousands of young and old hearts with kindly sympathy4 ,he has set a good example to all the actors of the world4 ,he is truly a public benefactor4 ,if ,joseph ,jefferson had had a great fortune he would have spent his life painting pictures1 for he believes that he was meant to be a painter4 ,he was not meant to be a painter2 if his life had been devoted to painting it would have been wasted4 ,how lucky that he was not rich enough to be able to waste his life6 ---- ,often the world marvels that the sons of great and successful men accomplish so little4 ,the world is foolish4 ,it should marvel that the sons of the rich accomplish anything at all4 ,for genius has truly been called the capacity to take infinite pains4 ,it is the splendid fruit that grows on the tree of ,,hard ,,work4 ,infinite pains and hard work are distasteful to human beings4 ,they are avoided by those who can avoid them4 ,it is lucky for the world that the number of those who can shirk is limited4 ---- ,dryden tells you in four lines what the actual man would amount to if he had his way4 ,my next desire is1 void of care and strife1 ,to lead a soft1 secure1 inglorious life4 ,a country cottage near a crystal flood1 ,a winding valley and a lofty wood4 ,every man who could afford it would live for himself1 to indulge some useless little tenth-rate part of his brain activity4 ---- ,the world progresses because the wisdom of the universe compels every man to work directly or indirectly for every other man4 ,if we had our way1 if hard necessity did not compel us to do the disagreeable work for which we are fitted1 we should all live for ourselves2 we should all be mere human sponges1 absorbing personal gratification--the progress of the human race would stop4 ,let this fact console you when you contemplate with bitterness the few who accumulate great fortunes4 ,you are a disappointed drop in a great ocean of useful human beings4 ,the interest of the whole ocean demands that you and the vast majority of all other drops should fail to get what you crave-- ,,the ,,opportunity ,,to ,,be ,,useless4 #fjj ,,teachers ,,now1 #fjj1jjj ,,good ,,americans ,,in ,,the ,,future ,on one single day #fjj teachers1 representing and devoted to the ,american public school system1 sailed for the ,philippine ,islands4 ,these #fjj teachers1 men and women1 will do more than #f1jjj or #f1jjj1jjj soldiers could do with cannon and ,gatling guns to civilize and ,americanize the new possessions4 ,they will teach the inhabitants ,,facts4 ,they will give them solid knowledge in place of degrading ignorance and superstition4 ,they will teach them that the world is round and that every man on it has the same chance1 if he will use his brain2 that if he himself cannot seize the opportunity it can he seized by the children whose success is as dear to him as his own4 ,like all wars1 the conquest of the ,philippines has had many discouraging and some disgraceful features4 ,the killing of ignorant men and women1 the burning of houses1 the unnecessary severity1 will all be forgotten when the school teachers of ,america shall have done their work4 ---- ,a great many thoughtless people imagine that the world is retrograding1 that times are not as good as they used to be4 ,we are still far from perfect4 ,but as a matter of fact we are angels compared to the men of olden times4 ,a few years ago the usual course was as follows3 ,first1 soldiers were sent to subdue the people4 ,then tax collectors followed with the public executioner1 the noose and various ingenious instruments of torture to extract cash payments4 ,we still send soldiers1 but with them we send physicians to cure the wounded2 and when the soldiers' work is done we do not send tax collectors or other civil vampires4 ,we send school teachers1 publishers of newspapers1 organizers of labor unions4 ,we send those agencies which shall enable the people conquered to make themselves equal or superior to their conquerors4 ,,education--,,the ,,first ,,duty ,,of ,,government ,we wish to discuss with our readers in this and in later editions of this newspaper the great and serious question of education4 ,it is a question as broad as the ocean1 and as deep4 ,it is a question so vast that organized discussion of it seems hopeless4 ,the greatest minds of the world have devoted their powers to the intricate question of developing the human brain1 and the problem has been scarcely touched4 ,the greatest works on education in the history of the world are undoubtedly ,plato's ,republic1 ,spencer's ,education and ,rousseau's ,emile4 ,the last is the greatest of all4 ,it should be read by every father and mother and by every earnest citizen4 ,other works that may be earnestly recommended are ,aristotle's ,politics1 ,pestalozzi's ,how ,gertrude ,teaches ,her ,children and ,froebel's ,education of ,man4 ,to ,rousseau undoubtedly belongs the high honor of having thought and written most powerfully1 most originally and most practically on the greatest of problems4 ,his brain is the cornerstone of the structure of intelligent educational methods4 ,he foreshadowed in his ,emile ,fourier's splendid principle of attractive industry4 ---- ,,the ,,progress ,,of ,,humanity ,,depends ,,upon ,,the ,,development ,,of ,,the ,,human ,,brain ,,through ,,education4 ,the intricate processes of thinking separate mankind from other members of the animal creation4 ,man is far from the animal in proportion as his brain is cultivated4 ,even the animals themselves rank in their kingdom in proportion to their brain activity4 ,william ,t4 ,harris said truly3 ,if man had let himself alone he would have remained the monkey that he was4 ,not only this1 but if the monkey had let himself alone he would have remained a lemur1 or a bat1 or a bear1 or some other creature that now offers only a faint suggestion of what the ape has become4 ,the elephant and the ape1 among our humble animal brothers1 appear to have reached their limits of possibility in the way of educational development4 ,they still remain1 and always will remain1 vastly inferior to their microscopic comrades--the ants and bees and other insects4 ,the human race has barely begun the systematic study of the problem of application1 and systematic application of the truths discovered and agreed upon4 ,in proportion to our stature and possibilities we are hideous ignoramuses compared with the ant in the garden path4 ,the education of children is regulated not by their brain formation and possible development1 but by the wealth of their parents1 the parsimony of municipalities1 the baleful influences of tradition and the colossally stupid idea that thorough brain cultivation is in some way antagonistic to material success4 ,the greatness of a nation depends upon the average mental power of the nation's citizens1 and mental power depends absolutely upon education4 ,the man who doubts the importance of educating his son thoroughly--if any such man now exists--is invited to consider the following brief statement of facts3 ,the holders of slaves in the ,southern ,states and outside of ,america desired to keep their slaves down4 ,they wanted them to be content with slavery4 ,they wanted them and their children to remain willing1 humble1 helpless machines4 ,,they ,,punished ,,as ,a ,,criminal ,,any ,,man ,,who ,,taught ,a ,,slave ,,to ,,read4 ,,they ,,knew ,,that ,,slavery ,,and ,,education ,,could ,,not ,,long ,,endure ,,in ,,the ,,same ,,human ,,being4 ---- ,the ignorant man who has succeeded through natural force and lucky opportunity is fond of asking these questions3 ,what is the good of education8 ,of what practical use is scientific training8 ,these men are admirably answered by ,herbert ,spencer1 to whose work they are referred4 ,a collection of ,englishmen ruined themselves in the sinking of mines in search of coal4 ,they might have saved their money had they known that a certain fossil which they dug up in abundance belongs to a geological stratum below which no coal is ever found4 ,they went on digging cheerfully and wasting their money4 ,an acquaintance with that fossil and its meaning would have saved their cash4 ,some individuals spent one hundred thousand dollars trying to save the alcoholic byproduct that distils from bread in baking4 ,they would have saved their money had they known that only a hundredth part of the flour is changed through fermentation4 ,the study of biology is essential in the successful fattening of cattle4 ,an entozoon seems to the practical man a foolish1 imaginary creature4 ,but millions of sheep have been saved by the discovery that one of these fancy scientific entozoa1 pressing on the brain1 caused the sheep's death4 ,when you know the entozoon you can dig him out and save the sheep's life4 ,my son's going to be an artist1 says one proud father4 ,he does not need to study a lot of scientific rubbish4 ,this parent does not know that the difference between a good and a bad sculptor or painter is often based on knowledge or ignorance of anatomy and mechanical principles4 ---- ,education is important to the individual because it means development of the brain1 development of capacity for production and increased chances of success4 ,education is important to the ,state because it means not only ,,competent citizens1 but ,,moral citizens4 ,the animal in us yields to the influence of education4 ,knowledge and brutality are enemies4 ,they do not dwell together4 ,the most important institutions in this country are the public schools--the gymnasiums of human brains4 ,the most important citizens of the nation are the teachers4 ,the greatest criminals are the employers of child labor1 because they deny education1 cut down in childhood the citizen's chance of progress and success4 ,work and vote for more and better public schools4 ,,poverty ,,is ,,the ,,father ,,of ,,vice1 ,,crime ,,and ,,failure ,these are days when men do their hardest work for money1 when they scramble and struggle and strike each other down in the effort to reach wealth4 ,and it is not possible to blame them4 ,they are trying to escape from poverty1 from a disaster worse than any prairie fire or other physical danger4 ,dire poverty is the worst of curses4 ,it combines every kind of suffering1 physical1 mental1 moral1 and in the end it means either death or degradation4 ,the great task of humanity is the abolition of poverty4 ,the great benefactors of humanity are the great industrial organizers of this day1 because1 in spite of individual selshness1sic they are planning production on a scale that will in the end provide for all4 ,it is worth while to discuss and to realize what real poverty means4 ,if we can realize its meaning every one of us must be more anxious to relieve1 as far as we can1 the poverty around us1 and especially anxious to work for the social betterment that shall one day wipe out poverty forever ,poverty means dirt4 ,the thoughtless and comfortable have a way of saying3 ,the poor might at least be clean4 ,but cleanliness is a ,,luxury2 it demands leisure and peace of mind1 as well as bathtub1 soap1 hot water and good plumbing4 ,the very poor cannot be clean4 ,poverty means ignorance1 and it means ignorance handed down from father to son4 ,poverty means drunkenness4 ,the pennies of ,,poor men and ,,poor women pay for more than half the vile whiskey1 gin and other poisons that men buy to help them forget4 ,poverty and its sister1 ,ignorance1 fill the jails and the insane asylums4 ,poverty is the mother of disease1 and it fills the hospitals4 ,tens of thousands of consumptives alone are murdered every year by poverty4 ,they are too poor to do that which is required to save their lives4 ---- ,the great men of the world do not emerge from poverty1 from squalor4 ,they come from very modest homes1 from the log cabin1 and from the towpath1 as advertised4 ,they come from those whose fathers and mothers and grandfathers and grandmothers had at least enough to eat1 and enough fresh air to give them pure blood and proper nourishment for their brains4 ,poverty destroys ambition1 inventive power and the capacity to struggle4 ,a starved body produces a starved brain4 ,the greatest genius that ever lived could not think better than a child of ten if you deprived him of food for ten days4 ,what can you expect of the inferior minds that have been half fed through a lifetime1 or through several generations8 ,do you know what made the ,revolution and changed conditions in ,france8 ,it was not poverty4 ,not a single poor man was a leader in that ,revolution4 ,every one of them was well fed1 had a well- nourished brain--,danton1 ,robespierre1 ,marat1 ,desmoulins1 ,mirabeau--every one a well-fed brain in a vigorous body4 ,the labor unions and the great strikes1 although sometimes unwise and unreasonable1 are great blessings to the ,nation4 ,they compel the worker to get such pay as will feed himself and his children1 giving the ,nation well-fed brains4 ,the ,union is the enemy of poverty1 and for that reason especially it is an agent for good4 ---- ,as poverty breeds ignorance1 so ignorance breeds poverty4 ,the greatest enemy of poverty is the ,public ,school4 ,work and vote1 therefore1 for public school betterment4 ,miserable women walk the streets by thousands on cold ,winter nights--poverty has put them there4 ,hundreds of thousands of children are born only to struggle for a few years through a stunted infancy--poverty digs their graves4 ,for one genius that has fought and conquered in spite of poverty ten thousand have sunk out of sight in the fight against the worst of enemies4 ,don't waste time extolling the blessings of poverty--use your energies to diminish poverty's curse1 and to improve humanity by giving it the full efficiency which freedom from worry alone can give4 ,,the ,,importance ,,of ,,education ,,proved ,,in ,,lincoln',s ,,case ,the very old and very foolish saying1 ,a little knowledge is a dangerous thing1 is disproved every day4 ,whenever you hear a man talk about a little knowledge ask him what he thinks about the danger of a great deal of ,,ignorance4 ,tell him this3 ,,the ,,schooling ,,of ,,abraham ,,lincoln1 ,,all ,,told ,,did ,,not ,,amount ,,to ,,as ,,much ,,as ,,one ,,year4 ,the teaching was elementary1 including reading1 writing1 ciphering1 and very little of each one4 ,it was picked up at odd times1 when he could be spared from daily labor4 ,remember that when he was a lad his father used to hire him out to work on other men's farms for very little money4 ,with that little learning he built himself up into one of the greatest men in history1 saved the nation1 ended once and for all civilized recognition of slavery4 ,a little learning might possibly have been dangerous had he been one of the idiotic kind of men4 ,it might have made him feel dissatisfied with the hard labor for which he was fit1 without stimulating him to better things4 ,but ,lincoln's little learning gave him no rest--it kept him constantly adding more learning to his little supply4 ---- ,the self-pitying young man who thinks he has no chance may be interested in ,lincoln's methods of getting ahead4 ,he walked about twenty miles through the wilderness to borrow an ,english grammar4 ,he could get no other books1 so he read and re-read the statutes of ,indiana4 ,he wanted to teach himself to write well and think closely4 ,he had never heard ,bacon's saying3 ,writing maketh an exact man1 but he felt the truth of the fact for himself1 and he was bound to write4 ,he had no paper and could not afford to buy any4 ,at night1 when his work was done1 he would bend his huge six-foot-four frame close down by the firelight to write and cipher ,,on ,,the ,,back ,,of ,a ,,wooden ,,shovel4 ,when the back of the shovel was covered with writing he would shave a thin layer from it and begin writing once more4 ---- ,it is a very useful thing for men occasionally to feel ashamed of themselves4 ,if you want to feel ashamed of yourself1 if you are complaining and whining1 just picture to yourself ,abraham ,lincoln in his father's little hut1 with no windows and no flooring1 crouching by the fire and developing his mind by laborious writing on the back of a wooden shovel4 ,children of twelve in schools1 precocious little girls even of seven or eight1 know much more than ,abraham ,lincoln knew when he was twenty-one years old4 ,with his little knowledge he grew and did the work that was to improve the condition of millions of men4 ,don't be ashamed of your little knowledge4 ,but do be ashamed if you do not add to it whenever you can1 and especially if you fail to make it useful to your fellow-men4 ,,knowledge ,,is ,,growth ,consider to-day the ,,cheerful side of conditions on earth4 ,every human being has his troubles and worries4 ,the luckiest of us all yearns for what cannot be had1 and sees much to regret4 ,but one splendid fact should always be borne in mind3 ,,the ,,progress ,,of ,,humanity ,,is ,,incessant4 ,,we ,,are ,,infinitely ,,better ,,off ,,now ,,than ,,we ,,have ,,been ,,before ,,on ,,this ,,earth1 ,,and ,,unlimited ,,possibilities ,,of ,,improvement ,,are ,,ahead ,,of ,,us4 ,the progress of humanity has been like that of an individual climbing the paths of a steep mountain4 ,at every turn there are fresh dangers and difficulties to be overcome1 fresh complications for which the traveler is prepared only by his courage and determination4 ,but every step takes the traveler higher up1 out of the dark valley1 toward the light at the top1 and every danger overcome makes it easier to deal with the dangers to follow4 ,in its long fight the human race has encountered many enemies4 ,at one time in ,europe one single epidemic destroyed half of all the population4 ,but we have struggled on2 through science we have almost conquered disease1 and the plagues of the past are unknown among us4 ,in olden times brutal superstition1 disguised as religion1 dwarfed men's minds1 punishing1 with atrocious cruelty1 the crime of independent thought and apparently making impossible any mental growth in the face of bigotry and monstrous persecutions4 ,but to-day bigotry begins to give place to true religion2 the burning alive and protracted torture which disgraced all the religions of ,europe until recently have ceased1 probably forever4 ,mankind in its travels has progressed as far as the stage of independent thought4 ,if a creature still lives that would take the life of another because that other thinks differently from himself he dares not confess his criminal thought4 ,a few centuries ago the great majority of all human beings were slaves or serfs4 ,the noblest of human brains1 those of the ,greek philosophers1 wrote and lived in the midst of slavery4 ,even as great a man as ,aristotle could not conceive a society based on a non-slave-holding system4 ,but except in some ,african jungle1 here and there among savage and semi-savage races1 no man is a slave now4 ,and where slavery does exist it exists in stagnant pools of humanity1 and it exists side by side with the other monsters1 cruel superstition and widespread disease1 that progressive humanity has left behind4 ---- ,every century of which the history has been preserved shows us its horrid side of life1 its cruelties1 its sufferings without number4 ,but each succeeding century shows also some one point gained1 some one hideous feature of life eliminated4 ,the enemy of the world to-day1 the monster in the path of progress1 is organized greed1 the insane desire of a few men to take from others1 and for themselves1 what they do not need4 ,the trust1 seeking through capital to reintroduce slavery under another form1 and to establish the tyranny of money in place of the tyranny of swords and bullets1 represents the present problem4 ,this problem1 like all the others1 will be solved in its turn4 ,it will be found that the great danger did good as well as harm1 and that1 on its overthrow1 only good was left behind it4 ,the diseases that once destroyed men forced them to live a decent life of cleanliness4 ,those diseases frightened human beings out of filth into respect for themselves as the rulers of the world4 ,we owe the cleanness and decent temperate living of to-day1 as well as our knowledge of medical science1 to the diseases that formerly destroyed the people4 ,the hideous travesties called religion which relied for their power on superstition1 fire and sword appeared to block all spiritual development among men4 ,these religions have passed away2 only the vital1 true religious principle is left--the command laid upon men to feel toward each other as brothers1 to worship the ,,one and benevolent power that rules the world4 ,a few years or centuries from now the trust problem will be solved1 and that particular monster will lie dead on its ledge of rock back in the pages of history4 ,and men will know that to the great danger and brutality of to-day they owe much of their progress and happiness4 ,when the trust goes commercial greed will go with it4 ,it will have killed the hideous theory of competition1 with its swindling of the public1 its cutting of wages1 its general mean1 petty1 treacherous tradesmen's warfare4 ---- ,every human being should read history intelligently1 if only for the encouraging effect on the mind4 ,in every direction1 and in spite of foolish croakers1 the human race has improved4 ,good men and women deplore the drunkenness of to-day1 and they do right4 ,but for their own satisfaction and encouragement they should know that in comparison with former times the drunkenness of to-day amounts to nothing4 ,where one man drinks too much in these days1 a thousand men and a thousand women were frightfully drunk a few years ago4 ,drunkenness1 which formerly attacked the most useful of human beings--doctors1 statesmen1 poets1 the best mechanics--is confined now to a feeble fragment of humanity made weak by disease1 hereditary influence1 discouragement or imperfect organization4 ,more important than this encouraging development is the changed attitude of the public mind toward the drinking habit4 ,twenty-five centuries ago a ,greek philosopher1 to make heaven attractive1 described the table at which heroes sat in a never-ending1 blissful state of drunkenness4 ,to-day even the meanest man is ashamed to have it known that he is drunk1 and the most hopeless drunkard would ask no greater favor than that some one should make it impossible for him ever to drink again4 ,there is a criminal conspiracy1 called the ,beef ,trust1 which thrives on the needs and privations of the whole people4 ,it is a blot on humanity4 ,do what you can to destroy this evil4 ,but do not be made bitter by it4 ,your age is a happier one than others4 ,in ,france1 not so long ago1 human beings were punished for eating the bodies of men that had died of the plague1 and strict laws were issued to stop that kind of cannibalism4 ,the ,beef ,trust age is an improvement on that age1 is it not8 ,high prices are bad1 but not as bad as hideous1 widespread starvation4 ---- ,human selfishness and heartlessness are criticised to-day1 and the criticism is just4 ,yet1 ,,morally1 the human race has improved more than in any other way4 ,we see to-day callous1 heartless men spending millions upon their personal pleasures1 paving insufficiently the laborers whose work enriches them1 and robbing the public whose patience makes the great fortunes possible4 ,but the worst plutocrat of to-day is an angel compared with the mildly vicious men of olden times4 ,your selfish man to-day only asks for a yacht and some race horses1 mild forms of dissipation4 ,a thousand years ago the vicious man demanded and exercised the power of life and death over those who surrounded him1 and his mildest fit of irritation cost the life of some helpless human being4 ,men are ill-paid to-day1 but their condition is ,paradise compared to the slavery of their predecessors4 ---- ,you should daily criticise yourself and others1 and do what you can in your little sphere as preacher1 politician1 editor or private individual to help along humanity's progress4 ,but remember always for your encouragement that the world is improving steadily4 ,it never stands still2 it never goes backward4 ,and there are no limits to our future improvement1 thanks to our inborn love of what is right and to the steady influence of ,,education4 ,a ,,whiskey ,,bottle ,how should a whiskey drinker talk to his son8 ,if he talked as he feels he would hold up the flat1 brown bottle and say3 ,my boy1 you know that ,i am a poor man and have nothing to leave to you or your mother4 ,the difference between myself and the successful men who have passed me is this3 ,i have gone through life with this bottle in my hand or in my pocket4 ,they have not4 ,a man comes into the world prepared to do his share of the world's work1 well or ill1 as his brain and his physical strength may decide4 ,of all his qualities the most important practically is ,,balance4 ,the whiskey in that bottle destroys balance1 mental and physical4 ,it substitutes dreaming and foolish self-confidence for real effort4 ,it presents all of life's problems and duties in a false light4 ,it makes those things seem unimportant which are most important4 ,,it ,,dulls ,,the ,,conscience1 ,,which ,,alone ,,can ,,make ,,men ,,do ,,their ,,duty ,,in ,,spite ,,of ,,temptation1 ,,and ,,struggle ,,on ,,to ,,success ,,in ,,spite ,,of ,,exhaustion4 ,keep away from this bottle1 and keep away from those who praise it4 ,he who hands it to his fellow man is a criminal1 and he who hands it to a young man is a worse criminal and a villain4 ---- ,it is a well-established fact that in the usual order of events drunkenness would be handed down from father to son1 and hundreds of thousands of families would be ultimately wiped out by whiskey4 ,it is not true1 fortunately1 that the son of a drunkard actually inherits drunkenness fully developed4 ,but a drunkard gives to his son weakened nerves and a diminished will power1 which tend to make him a drunkard more easily than his father was made a drunkard before him4 ,the great safeguard of a drunkard's children undoubtedly lies in the warning which they see every day in their home and in the earnest advice which the man who drinks will give to all young people if he have any conscience left4 ,if the man who drinks would save his own children from the same danger1 he can do so better than any other4 ,he need not lose their respect by telling them of his own mistakes1 if these mistakes have been hidden from them4 ,let him simply tell them1 without personal reference1 what he knows about whiskey1 its effects on a man's happiness1 success1 self-respect and physical comfort4 ,whiskey gives a great many things to men4 ,of these gifts here are a few3 ,lack of friends1 lack of will1 lack of self-respect1 lack of nervous force--lack of everything save the hideous craving that can end only with unconsciousness1 and that begins again with increased suffering when consciousness is restored4 ---- ,fathers and mothers blessed with self-control and with good children should use the picture of a drinking man as a useful1 moral lesson in talking to boys and girls from seven to twenty years of age4 ,children are impressed most easily through their imaginations4 ,an intelligent father or mother can produce upon a child's receptive mind an impression that will last for years4 ,with the fear of whiskey there should be impressed upon children sympathy and sorrow for the unfortunate drunkard4 ,one of the ablest men1 and one of the most earnest in ,america1 said to his friends very recently3 ,i never drink1 as you know4 ,but when ,i see a man lying drunk in the gutter1 ,i know that he has probably made that very day a harder effort at self-control1 a nobler struggle to control himself1 than ,i ever made in my life4 ,he has yielded and fallen at last1 but only because all of his strength is insufficient to overcome the disease that possesses him4 ,teach your children that drunkenness is a horrible disease1 as bad as leprosy4 ,teach them that it can be avoided1 that the disease is contracted in youth through carelessness1 and that it is spread by those who encourage drinking in others4 ,tell them that the avoiding of whiskey is not merely a question of morals or obedience to parents1 but a question involving mental and physical salvation1 success in life1 happiness1 and the respect of others4 ,,those ,,who ,,laugh ,,at ,a ,,drunken ,,man ,how often have you seen a drunken man stagger along the street6 ,his clothes are soiled from falling1 his face is bruised1 his eyes are dull4 ,sometimes he curses the boys that tease him4 ,sometimes he tries to smile1 in a drunken effort to placate pitiless1 childish cruelty4 ,his body1 worn out1 can stand no more1 and he mumbles that he is ,,going ,,home4 ,the children persecute him1 throw things at him1 laugh at him1 running ahead of him4 ,,grown ,,men ,,and ,,women1 ,,too1 ,,often ,,laugh ,,with ,,the ,,children1 nudge each other1 and actually find humor in the sight of a human being sunk below the lowest animal4 ,the sight of a drunken man going home should make every other man and woman sad and sympathetic1 and1 horrible as the sight is1 it should be useful1 by inspiring1 in those who see it1 a determination to avoid and to help others avoid that man's fate4 ---- ,that reeling drunkard is ,,going ,,home4 ,he is going home to children who are afraid of him1 to a wife whose life he has made miserable4 ,he is going home1 taking with him the worst curse in the world--to suffer bitter remorse himself after having inflicted suffering on those whom he should protect4 ,,and ,,as ,,he ,,goes ,,home ,,men ,,and ,,women1 ,,knowing ,,what ,,the ,,home-,,coming ,,means1 ,,laugh ,,at ,,him ,,and ,,enjoy ,,the ,,sight4 ---- ,in the old days in the arena it occasionally happened that brothers were set to fight each other4 ,when they refused to fight they were forced to it by red-hot irons applied to their backs4 ,we have progressed beyond the moral condition of human beings guilty of such brutality as that4 ,but we cannot call ourselves civilized while our imaginations and sympathies are so dull that the reeling drunkard is thought an amusing spectacle4 ,,law ,,cannot ,,stop ,,drunkenness-- ,,education ,,can ,everybody knows that until recently the average statesman1 the majority of prominent men1 in ,england1 drank to excess4 ,pitt was a drunkard--and ,pitt was the most remarkable statesman in ,england4 ,fox was a drunkard4 ,in fact1 to write a list of ,england's greatest men1 who lived more than a hundred years ago1 would be to make a list of famous drunkards4 ,to-day the drunkard in public life is practically unknown in ,england1 as well as in ,america4 ,no legal pressure has been brought to bear upon the prosperous drunkard4 ,he was not badgered by policemen or by blue-laws4 ,he could get ,,all that he wanted to drink ,,whenever he wanted it--yet1 ,,of ,,his ,,own ,,accord1 the prosperous drunkard has reformed and become temperate4 ---- ,our own great ,daniel ,webster was a drunkard1 as were many other great ,americans4 ,no man to-day could be a drunkard and at the same time be respected4 ,education1 experience and common sense have done their work1 and drunkenness is now left to self-indulgent fools1 or to those whose lives are made dull by poverty1 to whom alcohol affords the only escape from horrible monotony4 ,it would1 perhaps1 be worth while for the advocates of temperance to study the causes which have practically eliminated drunkenness from the most intelligent classes of men4 ,education undoubtedly is the greatest factor4 ,in nearly all the public schools now the evil effects of alcohol are taught4 ,these evil effects are taught1 not in a lackadaisical way1 with sentiment or religious duty as a basis4 ,they are taught as ,,facts4 ,facts appeal to the mind1 and they persist in their effect in later life1 when moral suasion and religious appeals are forgotten4 ,teach every child that alcohol destroys his chances of success1 impairs his muscular efficiency1 inflames the substance of the brain and prevents development--,,make ,,him ,,feel ,,that ,a ,,drinking ,,man ,,is ,a ,,second-,,class ,,man1 ,,and ,,you ,,will ,,have ,,done ,,much ,,to ,,destroy ,,the ,,drunkenness ,,of ,,the ,,future4 ---- ,as a matter of fact1 drunkenness1 like dirt1 is mainly an accompaniment of poverty and a sad1 hopeless life4 ,for the man or woman given to drinking1 when the troubles of life are no longer to be borne1 some relief must be had4 ,make the lives of human beings more comfortable1 make good food more plentiful1 spread education--and you will solve the problem of excessive drinking4 ,,the ,,drunkard',s ,,side ,,of ,,it ,you lucky1 well-balanced ones talk much1 and sincerely1 of the horrors of drink1 and of the drunkard's weakness4 ,you think the whiskey drinker ought to stop4 ,do you ask yourself whether or not he ,,can stop8 ,let us consider to-day the drunkard's side of the case4 ---- ,very often physical weakness causes drunkenness4 ,many a man takes a drink because the task put upon him is heavier than he can bear4 ,the whiskey does not help him--it hurts him4 ,but it cheats him and makes him ,,think that he is helped4 ,you realize that whiskey drinking as a settled habit must be fought with weapons of some kind4 ,,will ,,power is the great weapon to use in our own behalf4 ,you tell the drunkard to use his will power4 ,but you forget that the first thing that whiskey attacks is will power4 ,you remind the drunkard that his weakness brings suffering on others1 and you appeal to his conscience4 ,but you forget that whiskey weakens conscience even more than it weakens the nerves4 ,you forget1 too1 that whiskey makes its victims suffer4 ,if he could free himself he would do so1 if only for his own sake4 ,and you must not forget that whiskey argues ingeniously1 in addition to its telling of lies4 ,a man is overcome with some great grief4 ,whiskey makes him forget1 or at least it makes him not care4 ,a man is suffering some great humiliation1 some sense of personal shortcoming1 that is intolerable to him4 ,whiskey offers to relieve him1 and for the moment it does relieve him4 ---- ,,you who talk nobly of temperance and advocate laws governing other men are apt to be proud of your own self-control4 ,perhaps you have been a drinking man and have stopped4 ,but you do not know how much lighter whiskey's hold may have been upon you than upon others4 ,suppose you worked hard every day1 every week and every year4 ,suppose you had no pleasure in life1 save the fictitious pleasure and excitement that come from whiskey4 ,suppose you failed1 and failed and failed again--and suppose that whiskey was always ready to praise you1 make you feel proud of yourself1 make you hold others responsible for your failures--are you sure you could let it alone8 ---- ,in your condemnation of those who persist in whiskey drinking you must remember that what is easy for one man is very hard for another4 ,suppose you should urge two animals to go without meat--one of the animals being a tiger and the other a sheep4 ,would you praise the sheep for its faithful keeping of the promise8 ,would you blame the tiger for breaking its word1 if the temptation to eat meat were offered8 ,in men's nervous systems1 in their craving for alcohol1 there is as great a difference between different temperaments as between the appetites of the sheep and the tiger4 ,one man is dragged toward the gulf by whiskey with a force of which you have no conception4 ,you look with contempt at a hopeless drunkard1 shuffling along toward destruction4 ,,there ,,are ,,thousands ,,of ,,such ,,men ,,who ,,every ,,day ,,of ,,their ,,lives ,,make ,,an ,,effort ,,of ,,the ,,will ,,of ,,which ,,you ,,would ,,be ,,incapable4 ,but that effort1 great as it is1 is not great enough to save them--whiskey drags them too hard in the other direction4 ,fortunately1 we can all congratulate ourselves on the steady falling off in drunkenness4 ,to drink to excess is no longer respectable4 ,once it was a leading sign of respectability4 ,doctors in the old days wrote their prescriptions illegibly1 because when called late at night they were usually drunk4 ,to-day a drunken doctor cannot possibly survive4 ,work as hard as you can against drunkenness1 for drunkenness harms every one1 even the saloon-keeper himself4 ,the drunkard soon comes to ruin and ceases to be a profitable customer4 ,argue with young men1 and talk to children ,,about ,,their ,,own ,,welfare in the matter4 ,but remember also that the drunkard often has tried harder than you could try to overcome the enemy that has conquered him4 ,remember that unless you have lived his life you cannot know his excuse and cannot judge him4 ,,drink ,a ,,slow ,,poison ,often a man talks about like this3 ,i am a regular but moderate drinker4 ,no one ever saw me drunk1 and yet ,i drink every day4 ,and what's the harm of it8 ,can you see anything the matter with me8 ,the man would seem to have the advantage of you4 ,you cannot ,,see anything wrong with him4 ,so far as outward appearances go the case is squarely against you4 ,the man ,,appears to be all right4 ,but is he8 ,the effects of drink upon the system do not show themselves to the extent of attracting very marked attention1 at least until the conditions are fairly ripe4 ,in the man who comes out on to the street after a ,,protracted ,,debauch the effects of whiskey are visible2 even the little children notice him4 ,he may not be drunk4 ,it may have been hours since he touched a drop4 ,but any one can see that his physical system has received a severe shock4 ,in the moderate drinker these signs are not visible1 but the alcohol which he daily imbibes is doing its work1 and slowly but surely his constitution is being undermined4 ,now and then we run across some old man who is hale and hearty1 notwithstanding the fact that he has been a moderate drinker all his life4 ,but no one will think of denying the fact that this old man is an exception--a very rare exception4 ,many old men who ,,should be hale and hearty are suffering from ailments born of the drink habit1 by which1 in their earlier days1 they were enslaved4 ,in the rheum1 the dry serpigo and the gout which rack their frames1 make their bones ache and render miserable and thankless the evening days which should be so full of peace and beauty1 they are reaping the fruits of their harmless moderate drinking4 ,two or three weeks ago we made reference to the report by ,mr4 ,mesureur1 ,director of the ,department of ,charities1 ,paris1 upon the results of alcoholism in ,france4 ,that report was no sooner made public than the ,french liquor dealers were up in arms against it4 ,indignation meetings were held4 ,the mails were flooded with all sorts of protests against the truth of ,mesureur's claim that alcoholism was slowly but surely destroying the ,french people4 ,the discussion at last became so heated that the government took it upon itself to subject the offensive report to a careful scrutiny1 with the result that it was ,,confirmed in every particular4 ,we quote from a poster1 issued by the ,investigation ,council for ,promoting the ,public ,welfare1 and now displayed all over ,france3 ,alcoholism is the chronic poisoning resulting from the constant use of alcohol1 even if it does not produce drunkenness4 ,it is an error to say that alcohol is a necessity to the man who has to do hard work1 or that it restores strength4 ,the artificial stimulation which it produces soon gives way to exhaustion and nervous depression4 ,alcohol is good for nobody1 but works harm to everybody4 ,alcoholism produces the most varied and fatal diseases of the stomach and liver1 paralysis1 dropsy and madness4 ,it is one of the most frequent canses of tuberculosis4 ,lastly1 it aggravates and enhances all acute diseases1 typhus1 pneumonia1 erysipelas4 ,,these ,,diseases ,,only ,,attack ,a ,,sober ,,man ,,in ,a ,,mild ,,degree1 ,,while ,,they ,,quickly ,,do ,,away ,,with ,,the ,,man ,,who ,,drinks ,,alcohol4 ,the sins of the parents against the laws of health visit their offspring4 ,if the children survive the first months of their lives they are threatened with imbecility or epilepsy1 or death carries them away a little later by such diseases as meningitis or consumption4 ,alcoholism is one of the most terrible plagues to the individual health1 the existence of the home1 and the prosperity of the nation4 ,,to ,,those ,,who ,,drink ,,hard-- ,,you ,,have ,,slipped ,,the ,,belt ,men have explained variously their reasons for drinking to excess4 ,an able architect drank too much every night4 ,he said that he ,,had to drink4 ,if he went to bed perfectly sober his mind went on working and dreaming1 after he had gone to sleep1 and he woke up fatigued and unable to attend to his work4 ,i don't want to drink1 said he1 but in order to do my work ,i must have the sleep that follows what is ordinarily called taking too much4 ,other men explained excessive drinking as follows3 ,i must have the mental excitement that comes from drinking4 ,you can't imagine the delightful agility of the mind under the influence of alcohol4 ,the brain works more quickly1 more energetically1 more freely4 ,after drinking a certain amount ,i can live more in an hour than ,i could ordinarily in a month1 etc4 ---- ,these men who believe that alcohol improves the mind1 stimulating it to better effort1 constitute a very large class1 perhaps the largest class of those who drink to excess4 ,we wish we could persuade such men that they are mistaken in believing that excessive alcohol feeds the brain4 ,the man who has drunk too much1 and thinks that his mind is working splendidly1 might learn something by studying any sort of machinery when the belt slips off the wheel1 or the screw of a steamer when the power of the waves throws the screw out of the water4 ,while the belt is securely attached1 doing its works1 it turns slowly and monotonously4 ,while the screw is buried in the water1 fighting its way and pushing its load ahead1 it turns slowly and laboriously4 ,when the belt slips off or the screw comes out of the water1 the whole thing is changed4 ,the screw whizzes around like lightning4 ,the belt rattles and dances4 ,the screw in the water and the machinery doing its work properly are like the sober brain4 ,the brain that is made abnormal by alcohol is simply the screw out of water1 the misplaced machine belt4 ,the brain is no longer connected with the working realities of life4 ,it has lost its balance and its function4 ,it works rapidly and aimlessly4 ,it moves with wonderful swiftness1 but it accomplishes nothing4 ,let men who drink too much1 believing that the action of their minds is improved by drinking1 think over this proposition about the machinery and see if there is not something in it to interest them4 ,how much actual work does this alcoholized brain turn out8 ,what do they actually ,,do next day8 ,,try ,,whiskey ,,on ,,your ,,friend',s ,,eyeball ,your friend drinks too much1 or drinks temperately but unwisely4 ,you may entreat1 or argue1 or abuse1 or threaten4 ,you may show your friend the happy home where rum never enters4 ,you may lead him through the alcoholic ward at ,bellevue4 ,such sights may produce an impression4 ,but usually they do not4 ,the man who possesses1 indulges and keenly enjoys an overwhelming passion--for drink or any other vice--is rarely moved by your fine talk1 for the reason that he believes in his wily soul that you do not know what you are talking about4 ,mr4 ,lecky1 in his history of ,european morals1 page #ace1 volume ,i41 observes3 ,that which makes it so difficult for a man of strong1 vicious passions to unbosom himself to a naturally virtuous man is not so much the virtue as ,,the ,,ignorance ,,of ,,the ,,latter4 ,you are naturally virtuous4 ,your drinking friend is naturally and proudly bad4 ,he thinks you do not know what you are talking about when you ask him to give up drink4 ---- ,when you start out to cure a vicious friend by arguing with him1 do you ever reflect how little you know what goes on within him8 ,suppose that in his nerves there is a craving ten thousand times louder and stronger than your most virtuous arguments8 ,what good will those arguments do8 ,no use whispering poetry to a man in a boiler shop4 ,no use humming a love song in a whirlwind4 ,the poetry1 the song1 are out of place4 ,any sort of argument save the most powerful is wasted on a man whose soul is filled with the racket of a dominating passion1 such as drink or gambling4 ---- ,just two things can cure a drunkard--two things1 and nothing else on earth4 ,first1 his own cold reason and strength of will4 ,second1 the growth within him of some passion stronger than his love of drink4 ,love of his children1 love of a woman1 will cure a drunkard 7but we earnestly advise any woman to make sure he is cured before trusting her future to him74 ,ambition--which includes every form of vanity and self-delusion--will cure a drunkard1 and has cured many thousands4 ,even the miser's passion of economy may outweigh love of drink and cure the lesser desire4 ---- ,to cure a drunkard1 try to arouse within him some desire stronger than his desire to drink4 ,any boy will stop smoking to play football or to excel in any sort of athletics4 ,you reach his vanity4 ,what preaching could produce the same effect8 ,if you feel that you must use argument1 try such arguments as will appeal to the man himself1 not such as seem sound to you in your fine state of virtue4 ,the ,american drunkard is usually manufactured by the vile ,american habit of drinking pure whiskey or cocktails4 ,no other race1 except among the most degraded classes1 absorbs crude spirits as stupidly as this race4 ---- ,suppose you have a young friend whose tendency to drink straight whiskey makes you nervous4 ,you see what it is leading to4 ,instead of trying to make a teetotaler of him1 try to transform him into a sensible drinker4 ---- ,when your friend orders his whiskey1 start off as follows3 ,tell him you take it for granted that he knows all about the mucous membrane4 ,he will say that he does--for it is our ,american mania to want to appear wise4 ,casually state that of course he knows the covering of his eyeball is identical in all important respects--especially as regards sensitiveness--with the lining of his stomach2 in fact1 of his whole interior from his mouth down4 ,he will assent and gravely pour out his poison4 ,then say to him3 ,just dip the tip of your finger in that whiskey and put the finger to your eye-ball4 ,if he does so he will feel the eye smart4 ,the eyeball will become inflamed1 and sight for a moment will be difficult4 ,then let him dilute the whiskey with water--four or five parts water to one of whiskey4 ,that dilution1 rubbed into the other eye1 instead of irritating it1 will act as a gentle stimulant4 ,it will produce an agreeable effect4 ,when your friend has experimented with the whiskey straight and diluted1 deliver to him this little lecture3 ,one drop of pure whiskey on your eyeball makes it hard to use the eye4 ,that glass of whiskey that you are now pouring into yourself would blind you absolutely1 at least for a time4 ,if straight whiskey has such an effect on the covering of the eyeball1 must not its effect be equally injurious to the covering of the stomach and intestines1 which is the same as that of the eye8 ,if diluting your whiskey makes it so much better as an eye-wash1 would not diluting it make it better also as a 'stomach-wash'8 ,one other thing3 ,when you argue with a drunkard don't tell him that any man can cure himself if he will only be a man4 ,the drunkard knows that that is not so4 ,tell him1 on the contrary1 that not one man in fifty1 not one woman in a hundred1 can overcome the drink habit4 ,he will wink his tired eyes at you and say3 ,i want you distinctly to understand that ,i'm one in a hundred4 ,tell him how difficult it is--not how easy--and thus stir up his ambition4 ---- ,above all1 when you start out to admonish or despise the victim of bad habits1 just remember that you have no notion whatever of what you criticise4 ,not one drunkard in a hundred has will power to cure himself4 ,not one virtuous man in a thousand has imagination enough to realize the drunkard's temptation and suffering4 ,we offer to your consideration this other extract from ,lecky's book1 quoted above3 ,the great majority of uncharitable judgments in the world may be traced to a deficiency of imagination4 99 99 99 ,to realize with any adequacy the force of a passion we have never experienced1 to conceive a type of character radically different from our own1 99 99 99 requires a power of imagination which is among the rarest of human endowments4 ,,what ,,are ,,the ,,ten ,,best ,,books8 ,an interesting discussion progresses in ,chicago4 ,mr4 ,sam ,t4 ,clover has asked this startling question3 ,if you were bound for a desert island1 and could take with you only ten books1 which ten books would you select8 ,whoever is refined and well read in ,chicago seems to have answered ,mr4 ,clover's question4 ,mr4 ,clover introduces each guesser with a graceful speech2 then the guesser solemnly names ten books4 ,the selections are1 from the moral viewpoint1 admirable4 ,the ,bible is omitted rarely1 and the ,rubaiyat never4 ,it is amazing to see how many inhabitants of ,cook ,county would be unhappy on a desert island without ,col4 ,omar4 ---- ,it may not be permissible for a ,yellow ,editor to break into a ,cook ,county literary fiesta4 ,we dislike to run the risk--but we shall run it4 ,first we remark that a man living on a desert island needs no books at all4 ,reading books is an idle occupation unless you make your reading profitable to other human beings1 and that you cannot do on a desert island4 ,the trouble with many readers is this3 ,they read as though they ,,were on a desert island4 ,they sop up literature or facts as a sponge sops up water2 then1 like human sponges1 do nothing with their wisdom4 ,they read for themselves2 they read to increase their egotism and self-approval1 and for no other purpose4 ---- ,but1 after walking into an intellectual parlor above our station in life1 it certainly does not become us to be finicky4 ,we'll tell as quickly as possible what it is that surprises us3 ,,not ,,one ,,cook ,,county ,,thinker ,,mentions ,a ,,book ,,on ,,astronomy4 ,a man on a desert island has a little sand1 some goats and a few miles of ocean around him--nothing else in sight4 ,but above him1 and on the low plains of the horizon1 the great universe is spread out4 ,vega flashes overhead1 beckoning to this little solar system that is rolling on toward her4 ,the old1 benevolent stars look through cold space at our little sun that was not even hatched in their yesterday4 ,the ,milky ,way1 that ,mississippi of the sky1 rolls across the thousands of billions of miles of space4 ,the messenger-boy comets go on their long1 elliptical errands4 ,the colored planets and moons1 the nebular masses and the cold1 dead worlds lying in the silent morgue of eternity tell the wonderful story of cosmic grandeur4 ,we should think that a man on a desert island1 living constantly in contemplation of ,god's real work1 would want to study that work4 ,the greatest book ,,on ,,men that ever was written on this earth is but an analysis of the emotions of imperfect human minds4 ,a good ,,astronomy is a guide book of ,,god',s kingdom4 ,many ,cook ,county litterateurs select ,carlyle for a desert island companion4 ,have they not observed that ,carlyle's mind was fixed on contemplation of the universe8--the eternal silences were his friends4 ,and when he seeks monkeyfied human soldiers1 booted and spurred1 he asks1 ,what thinks ,bootes of them1 as he leads his hunting dogs across the zenith in a leash of sidereal fire8 ,o1 ,cook ,county thinkers1 inhabitants of a small corner of this small ant-hill1 drop your alcohol-loving tentmaker--,omar--forget your half-hearted fondness for ,milton4 ,buy ,ball's ,story of the ,heavens1 or even some simpler astronomy2 spend four dollars and four weeks finding out how grand is our real home1 the boundless1 beautiful universe4 ,,the ,,marvellous ,,balance ,,of ,,the ,,universe--,a ,,lesson ,,in ,,the ,,texas ,,flood ,a tidal wave and hurricane combined have destroyed thousands of lives in one small corner of the globe4 ,after the first excitement and horror1 the creditable outpouring of help1 there should be thankfulness in the hearts of the many millions who live on safely4 ,do you ever think of the wonderful protection1 the marvellous precision in celestial mechanics that guard you as you travel through space8 ---- ,the oceans1 seas and lakes contain water enough to cover the entire surface of the earth to a depth of six hundred feet1 if the earth's surface were actually round4 ,in huge reservoirs1 which we call oceans1 the earth's waters are stored for our use4 ,those vast volumes of water rest on the surface of a whirling sphere travelling through space at fearful speed4 ,the slightest derangement1 the slightest lack of balance in our motion round the sun1 the slightest shifting of the poles1 and mountains of water miles high would sweep over the continents and wipe out--not only one small city--but the entire human race4 ---- ,our existence here requires a precision so great that our minds can but feebly grasp it4 ,change the temperature of your body by but a few degrees and you die4 ,but you travel through space safely1 with a freezing ocean of ether about you4 ,you travel in company with suns that throw out endless billions of degrees of heat4 ,you are protected in a travelling hothouse1 regulated exactly to suit your feeble strength and all your wants4 ---- ,did you ever see the small1 black nose of a pug dog pressed against the window of a flying express train8 ,have you ever seen that pug barking at the landscape whirling by8 ,have you ever reflected on the utter inability of that pug to realize the marvellous intelligence and power that are whirling him along as he barks and wags his tail and enjoys himself calmly8 ,kind reader1 you and all of us1 whirling along in this magnificently conducted express train called the earth--whirling onward to a destiny worthy of our habitation--are so many poor little pug dogs looking out at nature's marvels and looking out with less than pug-dog appreciation4 ,,the ,,earth ,,is ,,only ,a ,,front ,,yard ,the philosophers1 political economists1 lawmakers1 editors1 sociologists1 and all the other would-be deep thinkers of this earth1 are really engaged in a pretty small business4 ,we are like a swarm of human beings cast away on some desert island4 ,this earth is our island1 a little island in space1 and it is a desert island and a badly arranged island in more ways than one4 ,many of us lack good dwellings1 some of us lack food1 all of us are worried about the future4 ,the island is infested with mosquitoes and with diseases that we have not learned to conquer4 ,there are many criminals on it that prey upon the honest people--criminals at the top and criminals at the bottom of society4 ,and all of those who think and sympathize with their fellow creatures are busy with the problem of putting things right on this little desert island that carries us along in the wake of the sun4 ,most of us imagine that the most important work for men is the organization of life on this little planet4 ,that is a very small and mean idea of man's real destiny4 ,when a man builds a house1 the planning of sanitary arrangements must first be attended to4 ,after that begin the real life and the real interests4 ,that real life and those real interests are not confined to the front yard or the back yard of the man that owns the house4 ---- ,so it will be some day with us who are now engaged in the detailed organization of the little home which we call the earth4 ,we are fixing up our moral plumbing--fighting poverty1 injustice1 and1 above all1 ignorance4 ,we are fighting the meanness that comes of competition and the greater meanness that is based upon the dread of poverty in the future4 ,some of us are piling up millions that we can never use1 while others suffer for lack of that which could be abundantly supplied4 ,all these little earthly questions that seem so big will be settled in time4 ,but a few years in the sight of ,time--a few hundred centuries1 perhaps1 as we count them--and our earthly habitation will have been made fit to live in4 ,we shall have eliminated the unfit--not by killing them off1 but by educating them4 ,we shall have solved the question of poverty by solving the question of production1 and especially of distribution4 ,we shall have developed a citizenship capable of earnest work1 of sobriety and of moral decency1 without the spur of want1 imprisonment or the scaffold as necessary adjuncts4 ,in time the human race will have solved its little problems here--the problems that seem so vast to-day4 ,when that time comes we shall be like the man who has put his house in order1 and our thoughts will not be confined to this little piece of ground4 ,then we shall appreciate the cosmic wisdom which has divided our day into darkness and light--the light for the enjoyment of the material beauties of our earthly home2 ,,the ,,night ,,for ,,the ,,study ,,and ,,enjoyment ,,of ,,the ,,vast1 ,,mysterious ,,universe ,,spread ,,out ,,around ,,us4 ,everybody knows that the aged require less sleep than the young4 ,in the future1 this will make old age what it ought to be1 a blessing1 because it will give to the old more hours of the night for contemplation of the ,infinite and all its wonders4 ,those of us who now think themselves very abstract when they speculate on the ,north ,pole1 or when they discuss the possibility of reclaiming the ,desert of ,sahara1 will have their minds many millions of miles away from this earth a great deal of the time4 ,we shall communicate1 perhaps1 with our sister-planet1 ,venus--the planet most like ours in physical arrangement4 ,we shall be intensely interested in that world1 where it is always night on one side of the planet1 and always day on the other4 ,we shall realize with deepest envy the fact that the constant1 terrific currents of air whirling around ,venus1 in consequence of the extreme heat and the extreme cold on opposite sides of the planet1 have developed a race as far superior to us as the trout in the swift-flowing brook is superior to the heavy-eyed catfish in the bottom of the pond4 ---- ,we shall humbly beg for information from the superior inhabitants of other worlds1 and perhaps wait with impatience for release from duty here which shall take us to a higher planetary existence4 ,if we look backward at all1 we shall consider our present selves simply as refined cannibals1 who lived upon the labor and the suffering of our fellows instead of feeding upon their bodies4 ---- ,it may seem ridiculous to predict that the time will come when the intelligent man's interests will be nearly all outside of the earth on which he lives4 ,but to the savage of the ,congo1 squatted beside a decaying hippopotamus1 gorging himself with the meat1 with not a thought beyond that carcass or beyond the edge of the river1 it would seem preposterous to speak of men whose interests range out over the entire world4 ,we look upon a man as very small to-day unless all knowledge interests him1 unless his mind roams daily all over the civilized globe1 sharing in the interests of all nations1 in the literature1 the discoveries and the activities of all nations4 ,to-day we1 with our minds on little1 material problems1 our thoughts centred on this one little planet1 as we lead our selfish lives1 are like that ,congo savage hacking away at the dead hippopotamus4 ,when night comes1 we shut our eyes like the chickens1 waiting for the light that means money-making or pleasure of the senses2 or we go to theatres or to balls1 or elsewhere1 to shut out as far as possible all knowledge of that marvellous1 unlimited creation to which we belong1 and which it is our greatest privilege feebly to study4 ---- ,the geography class of the future will be a class in astronomy4 ,the real problems of the future will be the problems outside of this earth1 and the real interests of the future will be interests connected with the universe at large4 ,we shall make of this earth a beautiful garden1 inhabited by safe1 happy human beings4 ,we shall take pride in it1 and enjoy it by day4 ,our intellectual lives will begin with the going down of the sun and the gradual appearance of those mighty neighbors in space that alone will interest the thinking man of future days4 ,,last ,,week',s ,,baby ,,will ,,surely ,,talk ,,some ,,day ,it is believed by scientists that the planet ,mars may be striving at this moment to communicate with us4 ,lines of light are seen on her surface--on the border of that part of ,mars known as ,lake ,iscarie--and men of learning believe that the ,martians are trying to signal our earth4 ,possibly they are trying4 ,of this you may be sure3 ,sooner or later we shall communicate with all the planets1 and perhaps through the giant sun receive news of outside solar systems4 ,we have lived comparatively but a few hours on this earth4 ,the civilization on ,mars is millions of years older than our own4 ,although we are still primitive savages1 we have done wonders already4 ,we can talk instantaneously with a ,chinese sitting cross-legged on the under 7or upper7 side of our earth4 ,we can send a message around the earth in a few seconds4 ,of course we shall talk to ,mars as soon as we get out of our cradle down here4 ,look into an ordinary cradle where a week-old baby lies nursing his wrath or trying to talk to his toe4 ,there are around him eighty millions of other human beings--fourteen hundred millions if you count all on earth--and he1 the baby1 cannot say one word to any of them4 ,he does not even know his own mother4 ,like humanity on this earth1 he is busy growing up4 ,he has not had time to spread out and get an interest in his surroundings4 ,his liver must get small--at the end of his milk diet4 ,his legs must get straight and strong4 ,he must learn to creep and walk4 ,after a period as extensive in his life as a thousand centuries in the life of the race1 he begins to talk to those about him4 ,we do not believe that the time has yet come for us to talk to the ,martians1 or to the inhabitants of any other older planet4 ,they may possibly be signalling to us up there1 as a man inexperienced will signal to a new-born baby or even try to make it understand what he says4 ,it is probable1 however1 that ,mars1 far advanced in science1 as superior to us as we are to new-born infants1 would use the light only to attract our interest and let us know that when the time comes we have an old brother planet anxious to chat with this baby earth4 ,it will be most interesting when the talking time does come4 ,the men who have lived1 studied1 experimented millions of years ahead of us will be able to tell us many things that we need to know4 ,like the baby in the cradle1 we are compelled now to discover everything for ourselves4 ,our old brother ,mars1 as soon as we can understand1 may help us to take giant steps forward1 just as a younger brother1 as soon as he can speak1 is taught by his elder in one of our families4 ---- ,it will be interesting1 also1 to observe how we shall probably reject the good advice given us1 as the young person here rejects the words of experience4 ,suppose we could talk to ,mars1 and suppose the wise old people up there should tell us that millions of years of experience had made clear the fact that making money is a foolish occupation4 ,how many of us would cease striving for money8 ,the very scientist giving us the message would patent his interstellar talking process and die happy with a huge fortune4 ,how cheerful also will it be a million or so years hence6 ,we shall then be like a very young child among the planets4 ,two of the older worlds will be talking1 and we shall be permitted to listen1 but not to interrupt4 ,we shall hear questions put as to our origin and destiny4 ,we know now that the sun1 flying through space1 is dragging us toward some unknown spot in the universe4 ,our older brothers in space will have definite ideas as to where we are going and why we are going there4 ,it will be interesting to follow their speculations1 and occasionally1 if permitted1 to offer our feeble little ideas1 as the smart boy occasionally speaks up before his elders4 ,our future as one of a family of planets freely communicating with each other cannot be doubted4 ,he must have a dull imagination who believes that the eternal ,law regulating matters here has put such limits to our possible development as would shut us out from a share in the big solar family life to which we belong4 ,,the ,,good ,,that ,,is ,,done ,,by ,,the ,,trusts ,,the ,,mammoth ,,made ,,our ,,first ,,paths ,,through ,,the ,,forest ,every big movement in this world in some way or other does solid good in the long run1 however irritating it may be before it is understood4 ,the saddest period in a child's life is undoubtedly the period of teething4 ,if you saw a baby for the first time and didn't understand that period1 you would denounce the cruelty which inflamed its gums1 upset its digestion1 kept it awake1 condemned it to incessant torture4 ,but we all know that a full set of teeth under the control of the child is to reward the suffering of teething1 and this reconciles us to the teething age4 ,we tell you--and we don't want you to forget this--that all the trust impositions and suffering and thievery now agitating us constitute a teething process through which we must pass4 ,the result will be a full set of industrial teeth owned and controlled by the nation1 which now suffers the torments of the teething baby4 ---- ,you will realize that individuals must at first do that which nations do later4 ,the despotic1 irresponsible rule of the savage chief1 of the able individual fighter1 was a forerunner of the present system of government4 ,we have now taken the governing power from the individual1 bestowing it on the whole people1 but at first we had to have our ,attilas1 our ,napoleons and ,alexanders4 ---- ,as individual control of the government has been superseded by collective control1 so individual control of industries will be followed by collective control4 ,that is the natural order4 ,why does not the government take full charge at once8 ,why does not the hen lay a hen all covered with feathers1 instead of laying an egg8 ,everything must have its crude beginning and its perfect ending1 for on this basis we are organized4 ,the ,french government to-day makes millions from the national control of the match industry4 ,but a solitary individual working in ,batavia1 ,new ,york ,state1 had to create the match and make his little money out of it before the ,french government could take it and make its millions4 ,that same ,french government derives millions from its tobacco business1 incidentally giving the people good tobacco cheap instead of poisonous tobacco dear4 ,the red ,indian dodging bears and using his squaws as slaves had to start that great tobacco industry before the ,french government could get it4 ,don't waste your time and energy joining the thoughtless crowd that howls against trusts4 ,use your vote and your voice to put those trusts under government control as soon as may be4 ,be glad that an old ,vanderbilt had brains enough to build great railroad systems4 ,don't denounce him or begrudge him the fortune he made4 ,his work was worth the money4 ,let us say to his little descendants the pee wee ,vanderbilts of to-day3 ,you have had enough now4 ,although you have done nothing1 we shall pay you generously for what your great-grandfather did1 and with your kind permission1 or without it1 we shall transfer these roads to the people whose patronage gives them value4 ---- ,in due time this pleasant message of just appropriation will be delivered to all the various trust owners4 ,they will all be well paid for their work4 ,they deserve to be1 for they have done as individuals the work which the collective commonwealth could not do4 ,but they will be made to see that they cannot forever keep what they have created4 ,if a man invents a steam engine worth to the world at large ten thousand billions1 he is allowed to keep his property only seventeen years1 under our patent laws4 ,shall we allow a clever highway robber of a commercial organizer to keep the proceeds of his energy for himself and his descendants forever8 ---- ,we had almost forgotten the mammoth mentioned at the top of this article4 ,that mammoth1 dead and forgotten1 is the forerunner of to-day's trust4 ,the mammoth was hated by all created things around him4 ,an accidental blow from his left hind foot would break up any family in existence4 ,but his vast weight and power ploughed the first paths through the swamps and forests4 ,the paths made by the mammoth through unexplored tracts were a great boon to half-savage man4 ,in fact1 man followed along those paths after awhile and learned how to kill the mammoth very neatly4 ,the trusts are marking out organized paths through the hitherto chaotic1 disorganized systems of industry4 ,those paths will be useful to all men through all time4 ,the trust will be killed when his day comes1 as the mammoth has been killed4 ,let us be patient meanwhile1 and not forget that1 though a monster1 he was a monster absolutely necessary and very useful4 ,,trusts ,,and ,,the ,,senate ,if you are willing to assume your responsibilities as an ,american citizen you should study seriously the question of the trusts4 ,already trust organization has assumed very real and very threatening proportions4 ,every family in the ,united ,states knows of the existence of the ,meat ,trust1 which cuts down the food supply of the people to add to its bank account4 ,every merchant feels keenly the existence of half a dozen trusts on which he is absolutely dependent1 and from which there is no escape4 ,we all have seen the ,coal ,trust keeping ready armed men to shoot working citizens whenever it should give the order4 ,this ,coal ,trust1 in a calm1 matter-of-fact way1 boasted that it would1 if necessary1 call out the ,united ,states ,government troops to shoot the miners4 ,here is one trust already talking as though it controlled the army and all the other forces of ,government4 ,the trusts believe themselves already in control1 and their national power is very great4 ,the crisis of trust development has not been reached4 ,the present power of concentrated1 organized money is very great1 but it is nothing to the power which money will exert in the future4 ,this future development of the trust force should be discussed and studied calmly1 rationally and dispassionately by all ,americans4 ,there is no use in denouncing or in hating the trusts4 ,it is true that they are entirely selfish2 it is ,,not true that they represent evil1 pure and simple4 ,the trust is a necessary development in humanity's journey toward organization1 concentration and the simplifying of industry4 ,the first locomotive ever built was a trust4 ,it performed the work of a thousand four-horse teams1 deprived four thousand horses and a thousand drivers of a livelihood4 ,the railroad trust is simply an extension of the concentration of labor1 the simplifying of industrial operation1 represented in the building of the first locomotive4 ,,the ,,trusts ,,in ,,the ,,end ,,will ,,do ,,infinite ,,good4 ,they will destroy the mean competition which for centuries has made liars1 swindlers and slavedrivers of men4 ,they will practically eliminate the great number of large private fortunes1 and thus compel men to devote their energies to pursuits nobler than the accumulation of money4 ,at first a few enormous fortunes will dominate the nation--the beginning of these great fortunes you may see already4 ,then will come the owning of the trusts--that is to say1 of all the great national industries--by the nation itself4 ,the people of the land will own and operate their own necessities4 ,these necessities1 instead of making a few men enormously rich at the expense of many1 will contribute to the comfort of many without injustice to the few4 ---- ,the development of trusts must run its course1 like every other great feature of human history4 ,its beginning--in corrupt legislation1 watered stocks1 human selfishness--was inevitable4 ,its ending--in national ownership1 competition eliminated1 and industrial life vastly improved--is also inevitable4 ,but thousands of struggles1 thousands of economical battles1 thousands of ruined men1 will mark this evolution of human industry from the control of individual selfishness to the service of the nation4 ,the duty of the people is to study and1 as far as possible1 to foresee and regulate this enormous and inevitable development of the trusts4 ,the trusts cannot be destroyed1 and they should not be destroyed4 ,but they can be regulated1 and with proper vigilance they can be kept from commanding and controlling absolutely this nation1 which sees the birth of their great development4 ---- ,we believe that the most pressing public duty at present is the reorganization of the ,senate of the ,united ,states on the basis of popular election4 ,it has been said truthfully3 ,you cannot indict an entire people1 and1 fortunately for us1 it may truthfully be said1 ,you cannot ,,purchase an entire people4 ,the trusts of the ,united ,states base their hopes of continued and growing power upon the ,united ,states ,senate4 ,the trusts own absolutely many ,united ,states ,senators4 ,of those ,senators whom the trusts do not own1 many are deeply interested in the trusts1 which is the same thing as though the trusts did own them4 ,under the present system1 the public elects ,state ,legislatures1 and these ,legislatures choose the ,united ,states ,senators4 ,if a trust can buy the ,legislature--which1 as we all know1 it usually can--the trust can control the ,senatorial representatives of the ,state4 ,the ,state of ,new ,york in the ,national ,congress at ,washington is represented by thirty-four ,congressmen and two ,senators4 ,the thirty-four ,congressmen are elected by the people and two ,senators are chosen by the trusts4 ,and with these two ,senators the trusts can absolutely veto every bill passed by the thirty-four ,representatives elected by the people4 ,does anybody believe that ,mr4 ,depew and ,mr4 ,platt could possibly have been elected to the ,united ,states ,senate by the ,,people of the ,state of ,new ,york8 ,does anybody question the outrageousness of a system which forces upon the people as representatives two ,senators whom they would not have chosen and whom they actually believe to be inimical to their interests8 ,this condition prevails practically throughout the ,union4 ,the upper house of our ,national ,legislature is the real ruling power in the ,united ,states4 ,it controls all of the ,president's appointments4 ,according to the ,constitution1 he is compelled to appoint by and with the advice and consent of the ,senate4 ,the trusts buy the ,legislatures1 they own the ,senators1 and therefore the ,constitution of the ,united ,states now reads practically as follows3 ,the ,president appoints national officers by and with the advice and consent of the trusts4 ,as an ,american voter1 you have no more important duty than to work for the election of ,senators by the people4 ,you should not tolerate the selection of ,judges of the ,supreme ,court1 ,united ,states ,ambassadors1 ,federal ,judges throughout the country1 and all the great executive forces subject to the approval of the trusts that notoriously make1 break and destroy laws4 ,a small trust can buy the ,legislature of the ,state of ,new ,york4 ,but the biggest trust can scarcely buy ,new ,york's six million inhabitants4 ,and1 thanks to our secret voting system1 we are protected even against ourselves and our own selfishness4 ,if a trust buys the ordinary voter it cannot be sure that it gets what it buys4 ,but if a trust buys the legislators it can count votes and secure delivery of the goods purchased4 ,use your influence to curb the power of the trusts by taking away from venal legislators that power to sell to trust managers the ,senate of the ,united ,states4 ,this subject you should discuss with your neighbors4 ,you should urge it upon all of those voters with whom you come in contact4 ,you should influence legislators in your ,state to vote for a ,constitutional amendment causing popular election of ,senators--and no legislator will resent your suggestion if he be an honest man4 ,everybody knows that the ,united ,states ,senate to-day does not represent the people4 ,there are exceptions among the ,senators1 but they are in the minority4 ,every year the ,senate is less and less representative of the nation1 more and more representative of organized capital4 ,good ,americans1 irrespective of party1 will strive to work for this change in the national machinery4 ,take away from the trusts now the power to tamper with national laws through the ,senate4 ,,the ,,promising ,,toad',s ,,head ,the head of a toad1 like the head of a trust1 is superficially a hideous thing to look at4 ,sometimes it is alleged that valuable jewels are found in a toad's head1 and on this account the hideousness even of the far-famed horned toad of the ,west becomes less repulsive4 ,the trust toad1 as you will find by examining it closely and studying events1 has a head equipped with jewels of a very fine quality4 ,many years from now men will be very glad that the trust toad was born1 because of the good that will come from it4 ---- ,already we see that the trusts are inevitably strengthening labor unions4 ,they are bringing the men into closer relationship and forming them into greater and more closely united bodies of workmen4 ,the trusts organize admirably the great industries and prepare the day when all of these industries will be owned by the ,government--that is to say1 by the people themselves4 ,the trusts eliminate competition1 which is a stupid1 out-of-date form of barbarism1 leading to cheating1 thievery and adulteration4 ,the trusts do away with the vast armies of middlemen1 and1 by diminishing every day the number of those who live on the work of others1 they compel an ever-growing number to enter the fields of useful production4 ---- ,just at present the jewel that stands out most prominently in the ugly trust toad's head is ,,free ,,trade4 ,men have argued and fought and voted and made speeches and paraded for ,free ,trade--and all in vain4 ,the more they talked and paraded1 the heavier were the duties4 ,but when the ,,trusts want ,free ,trade1 they will have it1 for the trusts control legislation4 ,and we ,,shall have ,free ,trade1 for the trusts ,,will want it very soon4 ,a trust engaged in manufacturing wants to buy as cheaply as it can the raw materials used4 ,the trusts will soon own all the industries1 all the manufactures1 and they will want freedom from the duties which are now paid on the material4 ,already there is in process of formation a great ,clothing ,trust4 ,the small man who makes clothing now must pay a duty on wool to protect the ,american farmer who raises sheep4 ,how long do you think the ,clothing ,trust will tolerate this duty on wool8 ,how long do you think the ,trust engaged in making cloths in ,america will tolerate a duty on wool that makes the industry so expensive8 ,some of the duties will be retained1 of course--at least until the trusts shall be powerful enough even to despise foreign competition4 ,but one thing after another the trusts will want free from duty1 and these things will be freed as fast as the trusts' order is given4 ---- ,the trusts are going to do a great deal of good to the masses of the people in time4 ,they will end by forcing universal ,government ownership of monopolies upon the people4 ,,trusts ,,will ,,drive ,,labor ,,unions ,,into ,,politics ,a workman should use the best tools at his command--the workman's best tool is his ballot4 ,everything that men want it can give them if used intelligently4 ,the reasons urged against its use by labor unions are conscientious but not strong4 ,they are based upon the fact that labor men fear to trust each other1 and fear especially to trust their leaders4 ,they will not vote as unions because they fear that they may be sold out--that is the plain1 unpleasant fact4 ,we cannot believe that their fears are well founded4 ,we know that leaders both able and honest can be found among ,american workingmen1 and we say that they should be found and trusted promptly4 ---- ,for mark this3 ,,the ,,trusts ,,will ,,inevitably ,,compel ,,the ,,labor ,,unions ,,to ,,become ,,political ,,unions4 ,,trusts ,,will ,,make ,,it ,,clear ,,to ,,unions ,,that ,,their ,,only ,,hope ,,is ,,in ,,political ,,action ,,which ,,shall ,,give ,,them ,,the ,,power ,,to ,,control ,,legislation4 ,when individual firms are competing the injustice of one firm may be punished and controlled by a strike4 ,,the ,,trust ,,will ,,render ,,the ,,strike ,,laughable ,,and ,,useless4 ,suppose all the shops or manufactories of a certain kind to be under the control of one trust4 ,what good will a strike do8 ,the concern in which the strike occurs will simply stop work4 ,its business will go to other concerns in the trust2 the firm in which the strike occurs will calmly draw its share of the trust profits and laugh at the strikers4 ,the latter will lose their wages and time--no one else will lose anything4 ,what does one paper mill care for a strike if all the other mills in the ,paper ,trust are running1 and making the money which it nominally loses8 ---- ,perhaps the workingmen think they can stop ,,all the manufactures of a certain kind4 ,in the first place they probably cannot--with trusts that reach across #c1jjj miles of country4 ,and if they could1 what about the ,,trust ,,of ,,trusts8 ,if the trusts are not already formed into a formal union for mutual support they soon will be4 ,and the union of trusts already exists so far as practical sympathy goes4 ,havemeyer will gladly spend millions of trust money--not his own--to help ,morgan in a coal-trust fight4 ,rockefeller will spare a few hundred thousand if necessary to buy a small ,state ,legislature and prevent passage of laws threatening a weak little trust now and dangerous to him in the long run4 ---- ,jealousy1 mistrust1 and the lack of really competent leaders may delay political union among workmen for a time4 ,but the political union must come4 ,bigger work must be done by ,american workmen than chattering about little local wage regulations or quarreling about hours or overtime4 ,the question at issue is3 ,,shall ,,organized ,,capital ,,control ,,the ,,people1 ,,or ,,shall ,,the ,,people ,,control ,,organized ,,capital ,,and ,,limit ,,its ,,power8 ,the workingmen are the people4 ,they are the interested parties1 and they have got to vote together pretty soon or fight together a little later4 ,,the ,,trusts ,,are ,,national ,,school ,,teachers ,look at the coal strike1 the opinions that it calls forth1 and notice how respectability dances and hops from one foot to the other when the ,,respectable shoe pinches and the ,,respectable toe suffers4 ,a little while ago the man who spoke against trusts and general monopolies of public necessities was called demagogue1 socialist1 anarchist1 inciter of the masses against the classes1 and so on4 ,but along comes the ,beef ,trust and begins to punish even the respectable upper classes4 ,double prices for food mean a serious difference even in a very respectable income4 ,then you have the respectabilities also suddenly developing signs of demagogism1 socialism and anarchy4 ,they want the tariff taken off of foodstuffs4 ,they want the managers of the ,food ,trust put in jail4 ,the ,beef ,trust teaches the nation one interesting lesson--namely1 that by excessive extortion the trusts will lose soon their respectable friends and unite all of the people against them4 ,the ,beef ,trust also teaches that the language called socialistic and anarchistic1 when confined to working people1 becomes profound political economy when uttered by some respectability with a pinched toe4 ---- ,the ,coal ,trust is a later and even more radical national teacher4 ,the respectable individual who a short time ago could see no difference between advocating ,government ownership of national resources and communism or thievery has seen a wonderful light while gazing on his coal fire at ,twelve ,dollars a ton4 ,judges on the bench1 eminently respectable newspapers--by which we mean those newspapers representing the interests of men who think with their pockets--are expressing the most radical out-and-out socialistic ideas4 ,one of the mildest suggestions made by these respectabilities is that the ,government should seize the coal mines and work them for the benefit of the people1 setting aside the preposterous claims of the ,coal ,trust4 ,papers like the ,springfield ,republican1 the ,philadelphia ,ledger and other solemn organs of antiquity are advocating1 without knowing it1 ideas which mean inevitably universal government ownership of monopolies4 ,the ,coal ,trust as a public educator is an undoubted success1 more of a success than it would like to be if it could understand the nature of its teachings4 ,if the ,government has a right to seize coal mines and work them for the people1 as respectability now declares1 why has it not a right to seize railroads1 telegraphs and all the other great industries whose value depends entirely upon the national population8 ---- ,many men in this world hated their teachers while they were being whipped in the old- fashioned way1 but look back with gratitude later on to those same teachers and those same whippings4 ,our national teachers1 the trusts1 are severe teachers4 ,their lessons are hard lessons1 and they believe in very unpleasant forms of corporal punishment--inflicting hunger and cold upon their pupils4 ,this nation in time will look back with gratitude to the lessons and to the whippings of the trusts4 ,the trusts are teaching us inevitably that competition is antiquated2 that organization is the real basis of industry4 ,they are teaching us that it is feasible and necessary for the nation eventually to take possession of and manage its own properties1 industrial as well as others4 ,a ,,woman ,,to ,,be ,,pitied ,why is it that comparatively few women find intense enjoyment in life after middle age8 ,why is it that you cannot duplicate among women such careers in old age as the careers of ,spencer1 ,gladstone1 ,huxley1 or any of the great men whose interest lies in mental activity and mental achievement8 ,one reason is this3 ,a great majority of women are inclined to accept and adopt without question the ideas formed for them4 ,,they ,,give ,,up ,,thinking ,,early ,,in ,,life4 ,when a human being stops thinking1 that human being's life practically ends4 ,all over the country you may see thousands and hundreds of thousands of calm1 settled1 placid-faced1 middle-aged women4 ,they admire themselves and they are admired generally4 ,they ought to be pitied4 ,they think now on all subjects just as they thought ten or twenty or thirty years ago4 ,they view with horror things which they know nothing about4 ,they reject opinions which they don't understand2 they have unlimited faith in matters of which they know absolutely nothing4 ---- ,every one pities a man whose existence and enjoyments are limited to the physical1 sentimental side of life4 ,we all feel that a man of fifty1 unless hard conditions and want have ground interest and vitality out of him1 ought to be at his best4 ,he ought to be active1 alert1 ,,open ,,to ,,new ,,ideas4 ,his mind is his one asset1 and he should be constantly adding to his knowledge1 to his observation1 and therefore he should be constantly changing his mental point of view4 ,many women suffer undoubtedly from the sentimental1 physical and intellectual reaction caused by the cessation of the responsibility of maternity4 ,such passionate affection1 devotion and self-sacrifice are lavished upon the children that when they grow up nothing more seems worth while except to set them a good example4 ,many other things are worth while3 ,and as improving civilization frees women more and more from the endless cares of the petty household and the worries of poverty1 the field for their mental development will steadily expand4 ,when woman shall have accomplished her greatest material duty1 that of fully populating the earth1 big families will no longer be known1 not more than two years of any woman's life will be devoted to the worries of infancy1 and then woman will have to do her share of the world's thinking and its original intellectual work4 ---- ,for her own sake and for the sake of those about her1 every woman1 whatever her age1 should realize that there is no old age for the brain well cared for4 ,many men and women view with sentimental reverence the picture of a middle-aged lady1 old before her time1 sitting in her rocking-chair1 knitting placidly1 without one original thought in a month4 ,this sentimental idea is a false one4 ,the type of woman to be admired is ,mrs4 ,julia ,ward ,howe1 eighty-four years old1 filling ,carnegie ,hall with her wonderful voice1 thrilling with admiration all of those who listened to her1 reciting with the greatest mental power her splendid battle hymn1 ,mine ,eyes ,have ,seen the ,glory of the ,coming of the ,lord4 ,,there is a woman who enjoys her life4 ,it is safe to say that the eighty-fourth year of her existence is as happy as any year that preceded it4 ,she is an old woman1 and to most women that means sorrow and dulness4 ,but she is happy1 admired and useful1 ,,because ,,she ,,thinks4 ,there are in the ,united ,states hundreds of thousands of splendid brains going to waste among our women1 because they do not realize the duty of using1 to the last1 all the intellectual power within them4 ,,when ,,will ,,woman',s ,,mental ,,life ,,begin8 ,it is pathetic to hear women of intelligence arguing in support of woman's claim to equality with man4 ,of course1 woman is really man's superior in important matters4 ,she is vastly superior morally1 beyond any question4 ,she does the greatest work in the world2 she gives to earth its thinking population and creates every one of the great men that move civilization along4 ---- ,but otherwise1 in the way of ,,material accomplishment1 woman cannot be said to equal man at present1 and she cannot be said ever to have equaled him4 ,many of the most intelligent women demand recognition for woman as equal or superior to man in all ways4 ,they are deeply hurt if in gentle1 patient reply you ask them to mention a female equivalent to a ,newton1 ,archimedes or ,shakespeare4 ,it annoys them to tell them that a million autopsies prove fundamental differences between male and female brains in favor of the former--at least as regards volume and depth of cerebral convolutions4 ,sometimes1 after you have listened to a proud1 high-spirited woman trying to prove that women would equal men in material accomplishment1 if only they had a chance1 you get so sad that you find yourself helping her out--digging up ,de ,sevignes1 ,de ,staels1 and other great women who have made up in brains for what they perhaps lacked in femininity4 ---- ,it is necessary to bear in mind that this earth1 when man was turned loose upon it1 was really a sort of desert island4 ,it was a conglomeration of swamps1 forests1 deserts--all filled with wild beasts4 ,even the human beings1 struggling feebly toward better days1 were not far from the beasts at first4 7,they are not very far from them even now47 ,two kinds of work had to be done4 ,the men had to fight1 dig1 hunt1 drain marshes and murder each other4 ,the women had to ,,supply ,,the ,,men to do all the working and fighting and killing4 ,beasts1 wars1 fevers killed off the sons of women almost as fast as they could bear them4 ,women must supply the demand for soldiers and workers and at the same time a surplus big enough to populate the globe4 ,thus far she has put on earth fourteen hundred millions of her own kind4 ,quite an achievement1 we should say1 when the career of a ,napoleon or an ,alexander called for a couple of million of men extra1 or a plague like the black death1 due to man's stupid lack of cleanliness1 wiped out two-thirds of ,europe's people4 ---- ,men were the material workers--of course they exceeded in material achievement the women nursing babies at home4 ,but woman1 caring for her children1 sacrificing her life for them1 developed on earth the moral sentiments1 started each generation on its career a little better than its predecessor4 ,she could not do all this and do the material things as well4 ,in fact1 she could not even ,,think except on matters very near to her cradle1 or her affections4 ,remember that throughout the world's history it has been the lot of a vast majority of women to be constantly caring for young infants1 or young children4 ,families of twenty children1 or even more1 have been common4 ,it is probable that woman from the beginning of our racial existence until now has been the mother of from fifteen to twenty-five children on an average4 ,the dullest mind can see what that means4 ,atrocious suffering4 ,endless worry about the children4 ,constant warfare against the man's selfish brutality4 ,how could woman rear her twenty children and at the same time do other work8 ,how could she keep every thought1 every effort of her brain on her offspring and develop her mind in other ways at the same time8 ,give a man one young child to take care of ,,for ,,one ,,day1 and when you return to him you find a semi-imbecile1 half-tearful creature4 ,in every great man's life you hear some remark of this sort3 ,how can ,i work1 ,maria1 if you let the children make such a noise8 ,well1 how could the millions of ,marias work with the children hanging to their skirts all through history8 ---- ,but a better day is ahead for woman1 and we are proud to point it out to her4 ,wise men begin to wonder what we shall do when the earth is fully peopled8 ,shall we kill surplus babies1 or what shall we do8 ,there will be no surplus babies4 ,nature will arrange that4 ,for every two human beings on earth two new ones will be born4 ,wars will be ended4 ,common sense will have done away with the unnecessary illness which now robs millions of mothers4 ,no woman will have more than two children4 ,education will be understood4 ,women will not be slaves to their babies4 ,they will be admired and thanked and made happy before the babies arrive --instead of being half ashamed1 as at present4 ,the rearing of children will be simple4 ,each woman1 instead of devoting twenty years of her life to child slavery1 will have practically her whole life to devote to other things4 ,she will be able to cultivate her mind4 ,she will have more of a hold on ,mr4 ,selfish ,man1 and he will have to pay more attention to her4 ,,woman',s hour of full mental development will arrive with the final and complete population of the globe1 just as man's day of real mental growth will come after he shall have mastered the forces of nature and learned the elements of true social science4 ---- ,even then we do not anticipate that repulsive equality between men and women which is so much prated about4 ,the complete human being is not ,a ,,man1 nor is it ,a ,,woman4 ,the ,,complete human being is a man ,,and a woman4 ,the ,,two ,,make ,,one4 ,each will contribute a share to the perfection of the whole4 ,that was the way it was planned from the beginning1 and we think we could prove it1 if this column were six feet longer4 ,,the ,,cow ,,that ,,kicks ,,her ,,weaned ,,calf ,,is ,,all ,,heart ,an estimable and very intelligent lady criticises modern education1 saying1 ,so much brain is forced into the girl nowadays that it crowds out her heart4 ---- ,at the risk of shattering the foundations of romance and poetry1 it must be said here once and for all that the heart has nothing whatever to do with the emotions4 ,it is simply a pump1 and a large part of its work consists in pumping blood to the brain4 ,the greater the brain1 the greater and more active the heart must be4 ,a serpent1 with little or no brain and a cold disposition all around1 gets along very nicely with little or no heart4 ,those who speak of the heart as opposed to the mind mean to speak of unreasoning sentiment as opposed to intellectual strength4 ,the lady quoted and many others say that the woman and mother should be all affection1 and that development of the mind diminishes the affection4 ,we wish to lay down a few rules2 we invite criticism4 ,the best thing1 the only important thing about a woman1 a man1 a baby1 or any other human being1 is the intellect4 ,affection is a beautiful thing1 but affection is ,,born in the brain and ,,confined to the brain4 ,a young woman looks at a splendid creature in a soldier's uniform4 ,her heart beats fast1 and she imagines1 as all antiquity has imagined1 that the heart is the seat of the emotions4 ,nonsense6 ,the emotion is in the ,,brain1 which has just received1 through the optic nerve1 a conception of the lovely vision in brass buttons4 ,the heart is ordered to pump more blood to the head of the young girl1 to supply mental activity and the becoming blush4 ,if you hear bad news you feel the effect on your heart2 sometimes you fall unconscious4 ,that is because the brain sensation is so strong as to interfere with the heart's action4 ,you feel the shock that the brain sends to the heart4 ---- ,the idea that cultivation of the mind interferes with a woman's moral1 sentimental1 or motherly qualities is foolish twaddle4 ,the idea that mere sentiment1 ignorant1 vague affection are sufficient without education to make a first-class human mother is false and feeble4 ,have you ever seen a cow follow the wagon that carries her calf to the butcher shop8 ,it is a very sad sight1 the plaintive lowing of the poor mother as she follows behind begging for her child to be restored4 ,every farmer knows that there is no necessity for hitching the cow to the wagon when her calf is inside4 ,she will follow that calf until she drops4 ,there is your loving1 devoted mother without education4 ,the cow's heart1 to use the old expression1 is all right4 ,her mental equipment is perfectly suited to a cow4 ,nature and society require that she should give the utmost love to her calf this year1 and give all of that same love to another calf next year4 ,bring back in three months that calf that she follows now with such pitiful appeals4 ,if the weaned calf tries to re-establish the old relationship1 its mother1 all heart and no head1 will kick it in the ribs and then butt it across the lot4 ---- ,it's all right for the ,,cow to be all heart and no head2 she does not need the higher education4 ,it is all right for the humble savage mother in the dark ,african jungle to be built on the same lines4 ,like the cow1 all that she has to do is to take care of the baby until it is able to run around and forage for itself4 ,but the civilized mother1 the woman who must do her duty in the present and in the future as well1 requires a good mind1 love based upon knowledge and a sense of justice1 affection that follows the child from the cradle to maturity1 gradually substituting for intense motherly physical care an equally intense and loving intellectual companionship and guidance4 ---- ,it is important1 of course1 that mothers of all kinds1 human or animal1 should be cheerful1 and above all healthy1 able to feed their babies themselves and feed them well4 ,but as the brain in a human being is above the stomach1 so the intellect in a mother is above the mere maternal affection inspired by babyhood4 ,the great mothers are those who1 when they cease feeding the child's body1 can begin to feed the child's brain4 ,the great men are great1 and they were lucky1 because they had mothers who did not cease to feed them when they were weaned1 but kept on feeding them mentally into their manhood4 ---- ,the woman with a big brain is the best ,,in ,,every ,,way4 ,she is better before she is married1 for she attracts the man of intelligence1 and establishes a family of intelligent beings4 ,she is better as a young wife1 because the ambition and intelligence in her call out the ambition and intelligence in her husband4 ,hers is the happy home that needs no divorce lawyer4 ,pink cheeks1 small feet1 squeezed waists1 curly hair and such things disappear or get tiresome4 ,and all pink cheeks are very much alike1 as ,dr4 ,johnson said of the green fields4 ,but intelligence never gets tiresome2 no two brains are ever at all alike if well developed4 ,a woman of intelligence always develops new qualities2 she can never be monotonous4 ,there is no such thing as too much education1 although educating us primitive men and women is apt to develop unexpected littleness4 and thus create prejudice4 ---- ,note this important fact3 ,the bigger the brain1 the bigger the heart1 not only physically1 but sentimentally and morally4 ,it takes brain to feel real emotion2 a well-developed mind to develop real sentiment1 real affection4 ,a foolish1 ignorant young woman may be pleasant enough to look at1 but she is like a white1 pink-eyed rabbit--ornamental1 but a poor companion4 ,,respectable ,,women ,,who ,,listen ,,to ,,faust ,you know what happens in ,gounod's great opera1 ,faust1 which is based on ,goethe's work4 ,an old man--his name is ,faust--yearns for youth4 ,he gets the youth1 makes the devil's acquaintance1 sells his soul to the devil for the devil's help4 ,in the opera the devil is politely called ,mephistopheles4 ,everybody is beautifully dressed1 from the devil and ,faust1 the peasant girls and the ballet dancers1 to the old grandmothers1 with their diamonds and pearls1 in the boxes4 ,if you want to study human nature1 you ought to look at the respectable old and young women at the opera while ,faust is sung4 ,the centre of the whole thing is a young woman named ,marguerite4 ,when the curtain goes up she has the best of intentions1 the best character1 the prettiest of faces1 and two long1 yellow braids down her back4 ,she is dressed very prettily indeed1 and in the opera house she has a high-sounding name1 like ,melba1 ,nordica1 ,calve or ,patti4 ,every night that ,faust is sung this young woman goes to the bad4 ,every night that ,faust is sung every woman in the audience sympathizes with ,marguerite1 who behaves so badly4 ,many shed tears over her misfortune4 ,all forgive her1 feel sorry for her1 and know that she is not to blame4 ,the most severe old woman in the most expensive box would put her arms around ,marguerite's neck and tell her not to fret4 ---- ,how does that old lady act if on the way to her carriage she finds the sidewalk obstructed by some unfortunate creature who has ,marguerite's sorrows without ,marguerite's good clothes8 ,does she not say that it is an outrage for the police to allow such things8 ,possibly she will observe that in the opera ,marguerite has not a fair chance4 ,faust has such beautiful silk tights1 one leg striped and the other leg covered with spangles2 and1 besides1 he has a devil to bring a box of jewels to tempt ,marguerite4 ,but we should like to tell the conservative old lady that the erring housemaid whom she may have judged so severely had greater temptation and a better excuse than did ,marguerite1 even though she could not get her voice up quite so high4 ,mephistopheles is just as busy with housemaids and poor1 overworked shopgirls as with any ,marguerite that ever lived4 ,and his work is made easier by long hours1 dull routine and hopeless future4 ,it is strange and sad that moral women find it so easy to sympathize with the ,marguerite whose sins and life end in the beautiful ,anges purs1 anges radieux aria written by ,gounod1 and not with the ,marguerite who ends in the hospital1 the morgue and the ,potter's ,field4 ,it makes a great difference1 apparently1 to moral and virtuous women whether the erring ,marguerite has a famous tenor on one side of her and a famous basso on the other1 or whether she has on one side of her ,bellevue ,hospital and on the other side ,blackwell's ,island4 ,,why ,,women ,,should ,,vote ,in this country and throughout the world women progress toward the full possession of the ballot1 and toward equality with men in educational facilities4 ,in one ,state after another women are beginning to practise law1 they are obtaining new suffrage rights1 they flock to newly opened schools and colleges4 ,in ,england and ,scotland1 but a few years ago1 only a few men in the population were allowed to vote--money was the requisite quality4 ,to-day1 in those countries1 women vote at county elections1 and in many cases at municipal elections4 ,in ,utah1 ,colorado and ,idaho women as voters have the same rights as men4 ,they have certain rights as voters in nine other ,states4 ,in the great ,commonwealth of ,new ,zealand1 so far ahead of all the rest of the world in humanity and social progress1 the wife votes absolutely as her husband does4 ---- ,the woman who votes becomes an important factor in life1 for a double reason4 ,in the first place1 when a woman votes the candidate must take care that his conduct and record meet with a good woman's approval1 and this makes better men of the candidates4 ,in the second place1 and far more important1 is this reason3 ,when women shall vote1 the political influence of the good men in the community will be greatly increased4 ,there is no doubt whatever that women1 in their voting1 will be influenced by the men whom they know4 ,but there is also no doubt that they will be influenced by the ,,good men whom they know4 ,men can deceive each other much more easily than they can deceive women--the latter being providentially provided with the ,x-ray of intuitional perception4 ,the blustering politician1 preaching what he does not practise1 may hold forth on the street corner or in a saloon1 and influence the votes of others as worthless as himself4 ,but among women his home life will more than offset his political influence4 ,the bad husband may occasionally get the vote of a deluded or frightened wife1 but he will surely lose the votes of the wives and daughters next door4 ,voting by women will improve humanity1 because ,,it ,,will ,,compel ,,men ,,to ,,seek ,,and ,,earn ,,the ,,approval ,,of ,,women4 ,our social system improves in proportion as the men in it are influenced by its good women4 ,as for the education of women1 it would seem unnecessary to urge its value upon even the stupidest of creatures4 ,yet it is a fact that the importance of thorough education of girls is still doubted--usually1 of course1 by men with deficient education of their own and an elaborate sense of their own importance and superiority4 ,mary ,lyon1 whose noble efforts established ,mount ,holyoke ,college1 and spread the idea of higher education for women throughout the world1 put the case of women's education in a nutshell4 ,she said3 ,i think it less essential that the farmers and mechanics should be educated than that their wives1 the mothers of their children1 should be4 ,the education of a girl is important chiefly because it means the educating of a future mother4 ,whose brain but the mother's inspires and directs the son in the early years1 when knowledge is most easily absorbed and permanently retained8 ,if you find in history a man whose success is based on intellectual equipment1 you find almost invariably that his mother was exceptionally fortunate in her opportunities for education4 ,well educated women are essential to humanity4 ,they insure abler men in the future1 and incidentally they make the ignorant man feel ashamed of himself in the present4 ,,astronomy ,,woman',s ,,future ,,work ,in the centuries to come1 perhaps a thousand centuries from now1 perhaps a little sooner1 woman will get her chance on earth4 ,population will have reached its normal limit1 and nature's wise law1 dealing with a really civilized race1 will automatically limit children to two in each family4 ,schools and nurseries will be scientific and perfect4 ,the care of children will be the duty of the ,state4 ,very poor women will be unknown1 and unknown will be the woman burdened with the isolated care of children in an isolated household4 ,in those distant days woman will do her share of the world's intellectual and artistic work4 ,physical work of all kinds will have been practically annihilated by machinery4 ,our big1 muscular bodies1 developed hitherto with an eye to pursuing wild animals1 carrying heavy burdens and fighting each other like dog-apes in the forest1 will be refined and very different from their present brutality4 ,it will be an agreeable earth1 a very agreeable and much improved human race4 ---- ,those millennial days1 which are sure to come1 will find us with our little earthly problems solved4 ,we shall have outgrown our infancy1 and1 like a child that has learned to walk and balance itself1 we shall understand the forces of nature and use them4 ,our principal occupation will be harmonious life on this planet and persistent investigation of the marvels of the universe outside of our own little sphere4 ,as centuries have gone by on earth1 power has dwelt with different classes of human beings4 ,in the days of the ,troglodytes1 when one gentleman would crack another gentleman's thigh-bone to get at the marrow1 the most important man of course was the one best able with physical force to murder his fellows4 ,at various times the great explorer1 the great military strategist1 has been the most important of men4 ,to-day the most important man is the organizer of industry4 ,he is really the most important1 not only in the size of his reward1 but in the service which he renders4 ,nature gives the biggest reward to him who does the most important work4 ,a thousand centuries from now the most important human being will be the most efficient astronomer4 ,the man who shall bring us accurate news of other worlds will be welcomed as was ,christopher ,columbus or ,drake or ,raleigh in his day4 ,women will be very important factors in astronomical research4 ,the work of the astronomer is especially the work of patience1 of enthusiasm1 of devotion4 ,patience1 enthusiasm and devotion are more highly developed in women than in men4 ,already1 in view of her extremely limited opportunities1 woman has done admirably well in the field of astronomy4 ,we note that it is a woman at ,cambridge whose stellar photographs first located the new star in ,perseus4 ,in ,england1 in ,germany and in ,france women astronomers are doing work almost equal to that of the best men4 ,everybody will remember the faithful labor of ,herschel's sister1 working all through the night and sleeping through the day1 month after month and year after year1 helping her great brother in his studies4 ,there is a kind of small-fry man who dislikes the idea of mental development among women4 ,he is a mouselike kind of creature1 so thoroughly conscious of his own smallness1 so thoroughly in love with his own importance1 that he dreads the intellectual woman1 who makes him feel microscopic4 ,despite the protests of such men1 some of whom are editors1 women are making progress4 ,when they shall give to science1 especially to astronomy1 the passionate1 devoted attention which they have given for ages to the care of children1 they will rank among the highest on earth4 ,,woman',s ,,vanity ,,is ,,useful ,we'll waste no time in proving that women1 from the cradle to the grave1 at all hours and all ages1 are sincerely interested in their personal appearance4 ,no man should object to this--the constitutional guarantee referring to life1 liberty and the pursuit of happiness covers the ground fully4 ,but it is not enough for men ,,not ,,to ,,object to woman's various innocent vanities4 ,every man should be delighted that women are vain4 ,each man should do what he can to keep the vanity alive4 ,,for ,,woman',s ,,vanity1 ,,dearly ,,beloved1 ,,is ,,the ,,one ,,and ,,indispensable ,,preserver ,,of ,,her ,,health4 ,a woman cannot be pretty1 according to her own notions1 unless ,,healthy4 ,if too fat1 she is not pretty--and she is miserable until1 through self-control1 she gets thin4 ,if too thin1 she is not pretty4 ,at present she has a crazy sort of idea that to be skinny is to be attractive4 ,that is a passing delusion4 ,in the long run women realize that there is nothing beautiful about a female living skeleton1 and they strive through normal living to become normal4 ,above all1 no woman can have a good complexion unless she have good health and live normally4 ,this one absorbing question of complexion does more for woman's health2 it gives us more strong mothers1 and more sensible girls1 than all the preachings1 beseechings1 prayers and expostulations of all the world's male advisers4 ,a woman's instinct is to eat buckwheat cakes1 adding boiling hot coffee and iced water4 ,she likes to eat candy between meals1 and her idea of a fine luncheon is lobster salad and ice cream4 ,but small spots appear4 ,those fine pink cheeks get too pink or too pale1 and sensible eating is adopted as a life rule4 ,even the hideous corset squeezing is counteracted by the power of complexion4 ,woman likes to look like a wasp1 and if she could she would move her poor system all out of place for the sake of a waist hideously small4 ,but1 providentially1 a waist squeezed too mercilessly gives a bright pink tip to the end of the nose2 and for the sake of the color of that nose-tip the poor waist gets a rest--the corset is let out4 ,it cannot be denied that among idle1 nervous women to-day there is a tendency to take stimulants to excess1 and even to smoke abominable cigarettes4 ,alcohol1 fortunately1 ruins the complexion4 ,and for the sake of their looks women often deny themselves and show a strength of resolution that would not be called forth by any moral appeal4 ,cigarettes in short order make the face sallow1 spoil the shape of the mouth1 make the eyes heavy1 fill the hair with permanently unpleasant nicotine suggestions1 develop a mustache--and women are cured of cigarette smoking by a look in the glass1 when they could not be cured by tearful appeals of the wisest philosophers4 ---- ,do not1 therefore1 ,o men1 despise the vanity of women4 ,praise and cherish it rather4 ,be grateful that nature works in a wonderful way through the power of attraction1 making woman do for good looks' sake that which is most important to her welfare4 ,if you want to cure your wife or some other female relative of lacing1 don't moralize4 ,say to her six or seven times3 ,isn't the end of your nose a little red8 ,should she act in any way unwisely1 staying up too late1 living foolishly1 trying the silly and unwomanly habit of cigarette smoking1 don't criticise the habit4 ,criticise her complexion1 or the look of her eyes1 or her general lack of youthfulness4 ,she will soon be cured1 if you can follow this advice astutely4 ,,to ,,editorial ,,writers--,,adopt ,,ruskin',s ,,main ,,idea ,his pen is rust1 his bones are dust 7or soon will be71 his soul is with the saints1 we trust4 ,ruskin is to be buried in ,westminster ,abbey4 ,it is a fine home for a dead man1 with ,chatham and his great son ,pitt in one tomb1 and the other great skeletons of a great race mouldering side by side so neighborly4 ,the death of a wolf means a meal for the other wolves4 ,the death of a great man means a meal--mental instead of physical--for those left behind4 ,wolves feed their ,,stomachs--we feed our ,,brains--on the dead4 ,there is many a meal for the hungry brain in ,ruskin's remains4 ,we offer now a light breakfast to that galaxy of ,american talent called editorial writers4 ,editorial writing may be defined in general as the art of saying in a commonplace and inoffensive way what everybody knew long ago4 ,there are a great many competent editorial writers1 and the bittern carrying on his trade by the side of some swamp is about as influential as ten ordinary editorial writers rolled into one4 ,why is it that we are so worthless1 ,o editorial writers8 ,why do we produce such feeble results8 ,why do we talk daily through our newspapers to ten millions of people and yet have not influence to elect a dog catcher8 ,simply because we want to sound wise1 when that is impossible4 ,simply because we are foolish enough to think that commonplaces passed through our commonplace minds acquire some new value4 ,we start off with a wrong notion4 ,we think that we are going to lead1 that we are going to remedy1 that we are going to ,,do ,,the ,,public ,,thinking ,,for ,,the ,,public4 ,sad nonsense4 ,the best that the best editorial writer can achieve is to make the reader think for himself4 ,at this point we ask our fellow editorial men--our superiors1 of course--to adopt ,ruskin's idea of a useful writer4 ,in a letter to ,mrs4 ,carlyle1 written when he was a young man1 he outlined the purpose which he carried out1 and which explains his usefulness to his fellow-men3 ,i have a great hope of disturbing the public peace in various directions4 ,this was his way of saying that he hoped to stir up dissatisfaction1 to provoke irritation1 impatience and a determination to do better among the unfortunate4 ,he did good1 because he awoke thought in thousands of others1 in millions of others4 ,editorial writers1 don't you know that stirring up dissatisfaction is the greatest work you can do8 ,tell the poor man ten thousand times3 ,there is no reason why you should be overworked4 ,there is no reason why your children should be half-fed and half-educated4 ,there is no reason why you should sweat to fatten others4 ,tell them this often enough1 stir up their determination sufficiently--they will find their own remedies4 ,if you want to drive out the handful of organized rogues that control politics and traffic in votes1 don't talk smooth platitudes4 ,tell the people over and over again that the thieves ,,are thieves1 that they should be in jail1 that honest government would mean happier citizens1 that the ,,individual ,,citizen is responsible4 ,keep at it1 and the country will be made better by those who alone can make it better--the people4 ---- ,on the front platform a fat policeman said1 after deep thought3 ,well1 it's an ill wind that blows nobody good4 ,the driver1 this writer and an ,italian workman looked at the policeman in deep admiration4 ,it was so evident that he had the making in him of an expensive editorial writer4 ,he could say so solemnly and authoritatively what every living man knew by heart4 ,suppose you stop spouting platitudes1 editorial gentlemen1 and try your hand at stirring up plain1 everyday antagonism to existing false conditions4 ,disturb the public peace1 as ,ruskin put it4 ,you must know that you can't win the fights individually1 so be like the ,norse maidens that stirred up the real fighters to do their duty4 ,keep singing to the public that it is their duty to fight4 ,they will fight and win1 and thank you for the suggestion4 ,,imagination ,,without ,,dreaming ,,the ,,secret ,,of ,,material ,,success ,marconi has imagination without being a dreamer4 ,thus ,mr4 ,serviss gave an explanation of material achievement and material success on big lines4 ,,without imagination a man may prosper relatively4 ,he may live comfortably and die contented4 ,but at best such a man will only follow in beaten paths4 ,he will only do what others have done before him4 ,he will not receive any of the great rewards which humanity offers to those whose ,,imagination opens for the benefit of all new fields of thought1 of successful material effort4 ---- ,in material achievement there are two elements--executive force 7which may be sub-divided into an indefinite number of classifications7 and the great creative power1 ,,imagination4 ,imagination enabled ,marconi to see the possibility of sending electric messages without wires4 ,had he been a dreamer1 had he allowed his imagination to wander on indefinitely into notions of talking to other planets1 the power of his imagination might have been in vain4 ,his imagination enabled him to ,,see the possibility1 and the lack of the dreamer's quality enabled him to ,,realize it4 ,there were many men centuries ago who1 in an abstract kind of way1 knew that the earth was round4 ,their imaginations led them to the discovery of facts--and long before ,galileo's recantation many men knew vaguely the truth of what he taught4 ,it took ,galileo1 a man of great imagination1 not a dreamer1 to demonstrate his truth to all the world4 ,it took ,columbus1 with imagination and courage1 but none of the dreamer about him1 to sail around the world to ,america and prove practically what is now known to every child4 ,wherever you see great material success on a new line1 you see imagination without dreaming4 ,it took real power of imagination in ,rockefeller to conceive and execute the construction of the ,standard ,oil monopoly4 ,it took the financial imagination of ,morgan to conceive the idea of taking #ejj1jjj1jjj worth of steel mills and welding them into the ,steel ,trust--no dreamer could have done this thing4 ,many a dreamer had foreseen the steam engine1 the steamboat and other great inventions1 without result4 ,at the right moment a man of imagination like ,fulton came along and did the actual work that the dreamer could not do4 ,if you want to succeed in the world1 cultivate your imagination4 ,and if you want your children to succeed encourage them in the development of their imaginations4 ,but let your imaginings and the imaginings of your children stop this side of dreamland4 ,your brain's activity is divided into the conscious and sub-conscious departments4 ,the conscious side of your mentality puts you into communication with the world1 enables you to meet and to cope with conditions and individuals4 ,if you are to succeed materially the conscious mind must control1 direct and limit the activities of the sub-conscious mind with which the imagination does its work4 ,if your sub-conscious brain1 in the departments of abstract thought1 imagination and dreaming1 be allowed to run away with the practical side1 you may be a very great man in the far-distant future1 but you may be sure that you will not succeed now4 ---- ,,the ,,earth',s ,,greatest ,,men ,,are ,,dreamers4 ,the world never recognizes these dreamers4 ,the successful man admits limitations4 ,he accepts conditions as they are4 ,he uses his imagination only as long as it can carry him to individual success and comfort4 ,but the very greatest spirits among men are the spirits of dreamers4 ,these are the men who refuse to acknowledge any limitations save the limitations of absolute truth and of absolute possibility4 ,when nine-tenths of human beings were slaves1 these dreamers refused to recognize slavery1 and they died for their belief4 ,every man who led a great moral reform ahead of his time was a dreamer4 ,and these dreamers1 whose lives are scattered through history1 each a tragedy and each a milestone on the path of civilization1 did for civilization what a frontiersman does for a new country4 ,jesus ,christ was a dreamer4 ,he saw the truth and preached it1 although it meant death1 and ,he knew that it meant death4 ,the brotherhood that ,he preached nineteen hundred years ago has not yet been realized1 but it ,,will be realized in ,his name1 and ,his teachings and ,his death will be eternal factors in its realization4 ,slowly through the centuries the men of imagination who do not dream are working and striving1 each doing his little part to realize the prophecies of the ,great ,dreamer4 ,each compared to ,him is as a tiny tallow dip compared to the noonday sun1 but each is necessary4 ,,the ,,one ,,who ,,needs ,,no ,,statue ,a movement is started in ,italy to celebrate religiously the close of the nineteenth century4 ,the idea is to erect at different points on the ,peninsula nineteen colossal statues of ,christ4 ,the statues1 one for each century1 are to be of cast-iron1 gilded1 heroic in size4 ,there can be no objection to the idea1 since it gives expression to proper religious feeling4 ,but should it fail of execution1 that would be quite as well4 ---- ,for one ,man only in all the history of the world no statue is needed4 ,to the glory of one ,man we can add nothing save through obedience to the laws which ,he brought on earth4 ---- ,where a weak woman is kindly treated1 where children are received with tenderness1 where the hungry are fed and the old cared for1 there is a monument to ,christ--such a monument as ,he would ask to have built4 ,the wisdom of ,confucius1 the self-abnegation of ,gautama1 the lofty idealism of ,zoroaster1 may be fitly commemorated and perhaps magnified by human monuments or human praise4 ,but men can build nothing that shall add to the glory of that life which is the basis of good among all men4 ,,the ,,vast ,,importance ,,of ,,sleep ,m,ischievous stories are told about the ability of great men to do without sleep4 ,the foolish young man reads that ,napoleon slept only three or four hours at night--and he cuts down his hours of sleep4 ,he might better open a vein and lose a pint of blood than lose the sleep1 which is life itself4 ,most of the stories told about great men doing without sleep are mere lies4 ,some of them are true4 ,for instance1 it is undoubtedly true that ,napoleon--an inconceivably foolish1 reckless man in matters affecting his physical welfare--did deprive himself of sleep in his early years4 ,but he paid for it dearly4 ,in his last battles his power of resistance was so slight that he actually went to sleep during the fighting4 ,chronic drowsiness weakened his brain1 weakened his force of character4 ,the foundation of his final ruin was laid in ,russia1 when lack of sleep1 and unwise living generally1 had taken away his mental elasticity and deprived him of the power to form and carry out resolutions4 ---- ,it is mainly the young man who needs the lecture on sleep1 for the experience of years soon proves to every human being the folly of cheating nature by adding a few hours of drowsy consciousness to the day4 ,you begin life with a certain amount of vitality1 a certain initial vital ,,velocity1 which carries you through life and makes possible certain accomplishments4 ,when you deprive yourself of sleep you squander this original capital4 ,just as surely as the young spendthrift ruins himself financially when he throws away his money1 just so surely you bring irreparable loss upon yourself when you go without sleep4 ,,the ,,food ,,which ,,you ,,eat ,,is ,,digested ,,and ,,transformed ,,into ,,new ,,tissue1 ,,into ,,blood1 ,,nerve1 ,,muscles ,,and ,,brain ,,while ,,you ,,are ,,sleeping4 ,look at the men who engage in the atrocious six-day walks and bicycle races4 ,they eat enormously1 absorbing in one day five times as much as the ordinary man can possibly swallow4 ,but the end of their task finds them extremely emaciated4 ,lack of sleep has made it impossible for them to ,,transform ,,the ,,food ,,into ,,new ,,tissue4 ,any man or woman who has suffered from insomnia will confirm this statement1 that lack of sleep decreases weight and diminishes vitality more quickly than anything else4 ---- ,remember this when you brag foolishly about going without sleep6 ,a man can go forty days without solid food4 ,he can live seven days1 or even longer1 without food or water4 ,he cannot live seven days without sleep4 ,the ,chinese1 ingenious in torments1 discovered no worse death than killing their victims by depriving them of sleep4 ,of course1 every young man can go without sleep for a whole night occasionally and go on with his work4 ,he can do this because1 from his father and mother1 he has inherited a certain amount of vitality1 which1 if he knows no better1 he can squander stupidly1 just as he can squander1 if he will1 what money is left to him4 ,but no man can deprive himself of sleep1 or sleep irregularly1 without suffering permanently1 without diminishing his chances of success in the world4 ---- ,many a woman among those called fashionable looks at the healthy child of a gardener1 and wonders that her child is so different4 ,the reason is simple4 ,the gardener's wife did not cheat her child by giving to balls and late hours the vitality needed by her babies4 ,the woman who loses sleep will make a failure of her children4 ,the man who loses sleep will make a failure of his life1 or at least diminish greatly his chances of success4 ,,woman ,,sustains1 ,,guides ,,and ,,controls ,,the ,,world ,of all events here on earth1 the greatest is the birth of a baby4 ,great battles are fought1 won and lost4 ,nations and religions rise and fall4 ,great cities flourish to-day1 and to-morrow the sand lies heavy over them4 ,and of all these events the eternal ,niagara of new babies is the first and essential foundation4 ,he knows little of real life1 its greatest happiness1 deepest devotion1 intensest suffering1 who has never witnessed the arrival of a new human being in this life of progress and struggle4 ,there lies the new baby at last1 its black face gradually turning pink1 its first gasping breaths changing the color of its blood1 its tiny fists opening and closing--reaching out for nourishment already1 its face tying itself into the first philosophical1 cosmos-interrogating knot4 ,its feet turn inward and its legs are crooked4 ,its head is so shapeless as to discourage any one but a mother2 it has three years of gurgling1 ten years of childhood1 ten years of foolishness1 ten years of vanity--and possibly a few years of real usefulness ahead of it4 ,some one must be patient1 hopeful1 interested1 proud1 never discouraged1 always devoted1 through all these years4 ,that some one1 the mother1 lies there weak and white on the bed4 ,her forehead and all her body are wet with agony--but she thinks no longer of that4 ,she has heard her baby's first cry1 and whether it be her first or her tenth1 the feeling is the same4 ,her feeble1 outstretched arms and her hollow1 loving eyes are turned toward the helpless little creature4 ,those arms and that love will never desert it as long as the mother shall live4 ,the mother's weak hand supports the heavy1 dull baby head and guides it to its rest on her breast4 ,and that hand which supports the head of the new-born baby1 the mother's hand1 supports the civilization of the world4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the ,,complaining ,,diamond ,the ,rev4 ,david ,james ,burrell1 in ,a ,quiver of ,arrows1 presents a very interesting parable on the benefit of trials4 ,here is the parable3 ,trials are profitable4 ,the rough diamond cried out under the blow of the lapidary3 ,i am content2 let me alone4 ,but the artisan said1 as he struck another blow3 ,there is the making of a glorious thing in thee4 ,but every blow pierces my heart4 ,ay2 but after a little it shall work for thee a far more exceeding weight of glory4 ,i cannot understand1 as blow fell upon blow1 why ,i should suffer in this way4 ,wait2 what thou knowest not now1 thou shalt know hereafter4 ,and out of all this came the famous ,koh-i-noor to sparkle in the monarch's crown4 ---- ,there is a lesson in the story of the diamond for every man1 and there is an ,,especially good lesson for the young man who is succeeding too fast4 ,that diamond became the extraordinarily beautiful stone that we read about1 and that many of us would foolishly like to own1 because of the trials through which it passed4 ,we do not mean to suggest that men1 to succeed1 should ,,necessarily undergo repeated poundings and hammerings1 although1 as a matter of fact1 the really great men of the world have undergone such grinding and polishing and hard knocks as no diamond was ever submitted to4 ,but we do say distinctly that almost every man needs in the course of his life a ,,first-,,class ,,failure4 ,no man is more unfortunate than he who succeeds too quickly and too easily4 ,his success makes him exaggerate his own importance and ability4 ,it makes him underestimate the strength of those who compete with him1 and the difficulty of winning in the long run4 ,the world is full of all kinds of disappointed beings--artists1 writers1 business men--workers of all sorts1 who lead disappointed lives4 ,of these men1 a great many started out hopefully and promisingly4 ,but fate failed to do for them the work of the polishing lapidary that we all need4 ,they succeeded too soon1 they made money too easily1 they rose too suddenly4 ,failure at the right time would have made them think1 work and do better4 ,but failure came too late1 and when the energy to fight and overcome was no longer there4 ,if every young man who thinks well of himself will realize that he mistakes good fortune for great ability1 and that the failure that has been put off will come sooner or later1 unless he thinks of it and struggles to improve himself in spite of success1 many disappointments will be saved in the future4 ,discount your failure4 ,don't wait for it to discount you4 ,,don',t ,,be ,,in ,a ,,hurry1 ,,young ,,gentlemen ,there are many young men on earth who fail because they lack ambition and determination to advance4 ,there are many more whose trouble is hasty ambition4 ,they fail to realize their present chances in their hurried reaching out for something better4 ,you may see in any club1 pool-room or other resort for wasting time crowds of young men smoking and deploring their lack of success4 ,i've been working three years at the same job and the same salary1 one will say1 and ,i don't see what chance ,i have for getting ahead4 ,the young man who talks in this way does not realize that success depends on developing the qualities which are in him4 ,he can develop them if he will1 no matter what his place in the world4 ,once he is ready to do good work1 once he is developed1 the work will find him out4 ---- ,when ,napoleon ,bonaparte was resting from his labors at ,st4 ,helena he used to tell this story3 ,one day on parade a young lieutenant stepped out of the ranks much excited to appeal to me personally4 ,he said to me that he had been a lieutenant for five years and had not been able to advance in rank4 ,i said to him1 ',calm yourself4 ,i was seven years a lieutenant1 and yet you see that a man may push himself forward1 for all that4' ---- ,napoleon1 when he preached this lesson to the young1 dissatisfied officer1 was the self-made ,emperor of the ,french and of a great many other nations4 ,he had come to ,paris a thin1 hollow-cheeked1 under-sized boy from the conquered and despised island of ,corsica4 ,he stuck in the humble grade of lieutenant for seven years4 ,when the time came he blossomed out4 ,when he was lieutenant he was developing himself4 ,he studied and mastered the art of war4 ,he wrote the history of ,corsica1 and no one would publish it4 ,he wrote a drama which was never acted4 ,he wrote a prize essay for the ,academy of ,lyons1 and did not win the prize4 ,on the contrary1 his effort was condemned as incoherent and poor in style4 ,these were a few failures2 enough to make your ordinary young man throw up his hands and say3 ,i've done all ,i can do2 now let the world look out for me4 ,just as he became hopeful about the future when he knew that he had real military genius1 he was dismissed from the army1 and his career seemed to be ended4 ,he made the thin soup upon which he and his brother lived4 ,he could afford to change his shirt only once a week4 ,he said3 ,i breakfasted off dry bread1 but ,i bolted the door on my poverty4 ,he kept at it1 and all the time1 successful or otherwise1 he was developing himself4 ,he developed into an emperor4 ,young men will please notice that fact1 and the fact that ,napoleon worked and tried under adversity and monotony instead of grumbling4 ---- ,the newspaper reporter who does not get ahead very fast1 the author whose manuscripts are treated as were ,napoleon's first efforts1 may study with considerable profit a young ,american writer named ,richard ,harding ,davis4 ,that young man had been a reporter in ,philadelphia for seven years when he went to work on a ,new ,york evening newspaper at a small salary4 ,he had written and was writing some of his best stories1 but could not get ahead1 apparently4 ,nevertheless1 he kept on trying1 and developed himself4 ,when other young men were busy talking about themselves or deploring their lot ,davis was writing and grinding away out of working hours at the effort to get out and realize what was in him4 ,he succeeded4 ---- ,a few cases have been mentioned for young men to think over4 ,they are selected at random4 ,no young man need worry about himself so long as he can honestly say that he is doing his best4 ,being in the same place at the same salary for seven years can do you no harm1 if you are developing during that time what is in you4 ,but you may well worry if you are drifting aimlessly1 pitying yourself1 making no effort4 ,if your mind stays in the same spot for years1 that is dangerous4 ,but don't worry about anything else4 ,,when ,,the ,,baby ,,changed ,,into ,a ,,fourteen-,,year-,,old ,nothing is more common than to hear men--especially great and moral men--deplore the results of civilization1 of mechanical1 industrial and scientific progress4 ,we quote a typical lament by a noble and sincere man1 the ,reverend ,charles ,wagner1 author of an admirable book called ,the ,simple ,life4 ,the author says3 ,if it had been prophesied to the ancients that one day humanity would have all of the machinery now in use to sustain and protect natural existence1 they would have concluded therefrom1 first1 an increase of independence1 and in the second place1 a great decrease in the competition for worldly possessions1 ,they would have thought that the simplification of life would have been the result of such perfected means of action1 that there would follow the realization of a higher standard of morality4 ,nothing of this sort has come to pass--not happiness1 nor social peace1 nor energy for good has increased4 ,naturally1 from a superficial point of view1 it is discouraging to see poverty1 ostentation of wealth1 injustice and the love of money increasing1 instead of declining1 with the great developments in human power4 ,suppose it had been said two hundred years ago that some day one single man1 with a loom1 would be able to make cloth enough to clothe scores in one day2 that a few children working in a stocking factory would be able to produce more stockings than a million women could knit4 ,it would1 of course1 have been prophesied that when these great inventions came everybody would be well clothed1 every woman and child would have warm stockings--and so on4 ,but we find1 as society's powers increase1 as machinery improves1 and the means of producing and distributing wealth develop1 that the struggle for existence and the display of avarice are accentuated4 ,the pessimistic man1 observing these conditions1 is filled with despair for the future of humanity4 ,he predicts worse and worse times ahead1 while he longs for the peaceable old days before the steam engine had appeared among us4 ---- ,now1 in order to map out a parable1 we must ask you to do a good deal of supposing4 ,suppose1 in place of the human race1 one single human baby4 ,suppose that its mother had never seen another baby1 and had no idea of the laws governing a baby's development4 ,and suppose1 as the helpless baby lay on its back in the cradle1 waving its arms1 kicking its legs1 gasping and blinking1 that the following prophecy had been made to the mother3 ,some day that baby of yours will be five feet high4 ,some day it will be able to walk and run1 and throw stones1 and carry weights1 and fight1 and do all kinds of things4 ,of course1 the mother1 hearing this1 would have been very much rejoiced1 saying to herself3 ,my baby now is feeble and helpless1 and ,i must watch it all the time to see that it does not roll out of the cradle1 or that the cat does not bite it4 ,when my baby gets to be five feet high and able to fight and run and jump1 of course it will be free from danger1 it will live happily1 and ,i shall be free from anxiety4 ,now1 suppose that fourteen years have passed4 ,the mother has seen the baby grow to be five feet high and fourteen years old1 and the prophecy is fulfilled4 ,is the mother happy8 ,she is weeping bitterly4 ,the baby has certainly improved in its powers most wonderfully4 ,it can run and jump and fight4 ,as a result of its abilities1 it comes back one day with a black eye1 the next day with a broken nose1 the next day with a sore toe4 ,it is always in trouble4 ,it has even developed vicious traits of its own4 ,it tells lies1 it steals1 it is even disrespectful to its mother4 ,you supposed1 don't forget1 that this mother never saw another baby1 and knew nothing about the development of human beings along certain lines4 ,would she not be horrified at her child's condition8 ,would she not think it getting worse and worse1 and that it must end horribly and tragically8 ,would she not sigh for the old days of the cradle1 and wish that her baby might go back to its babyhood and live comfortably once more1 on its back1 with its hands and feet in the air and a vacant look in its eyes8 ---- ,the human race has gone ahead1 as that supposititious baby goes ahead in fourteen years4 ,we have obtained many new forces1 many new accomplishments4 ,we have learned to use steam and electricity1 as the child learns to use its legs and its hands4 ,but1 like the child of fourteen1 we have not developed morally or mentally in proportion to our physical development4 ,but just as surely as the child passes on from childhood1 with its follies1 its quarrels1 and its accidents1 to mature1 self-respecting manhood1 just so surely will the human race go through its babyhood1 through its boyhood1 and on into years of wisdom1 justice1 self-control and real accomplishment4 ---- ,at present we are in a childish condition as a race1 just about able to walk and run around a little4 ,we do not see our future clearly1 and many of us look back regretfully to the simple days of industrial babyhood4 ,but those days can never be brought back1 even if we wanted to bring them back4 ,the thing for us to do is to remember that great progress and a great future are ahead of us1 and do all we can to prepare for the future and hurry it along4 ,we should refrain especially from feelings of pessimism4 ,we should study and work to control ourselves as well as we can1 and look ahead into the future4 ,remember this very true saying and apply it in your attitude toward the world3 ,it is not enough to believe in ,god2 one must believe in man1 in humanity and its future4 ,,the ,,eye ,,that ,,weighs ,a ,,ton ,all our fussing and fuming about little matters must end in time4 ,it is a comfort to feel sure that the time will come when questions of wages1 starvation1 justice1 supply and demand1 finance1 and all the miserable worries of to-day1 from ,presidential elections to the digging of sewers1 will be things of the past4 ,had we been intended for such things exclusively1 we might as well have been put in a hole in the ground or in some cool corner of ,hades to fight out our troubles4 ,we should not have needed for our home a beautiful globe1 swinging through endless space1 bathed in sunlight or blessed with the companionship of other suns and planets whirling with us on mysterious errands4 ,man's work of to-day--the fighting1 the sweating1 the starving1 the cheating and lying1 the miserable births and the dull1 stupid1 monotonous living--will end soon4 ,real ,,human life will dawn and end the period of savage life4 ,control of nature's forces will supply every man with what he needs to keep his body alive1 his soul and his brain free from care4 ,then men will cease their animal lives1 cease eating to live and living to eat4 ,they will live to think4 ,the brain1 which differentiates them from the animals1 will give the real interest to their lives4 ,mental work--art1 science and things worth while--will occupy them4 ---- ,does it not seem probable that when the day of organized life comes our chief interest will be the study of the universe--the other worlds outside of our own8 ,the great man will be he whose genius shall cross interstellar space as ,columbus crossed the ocean4 ,the great newspaper editor will be the first to get a signed statement from ,mars4 ,the discoverer of that day will get from some older planet information millions of years ahead of our own4 ,as the dull mind of the field-plodder now looks toward the great cities--toward the vast movement outside his own little life--so shall men look away from this little1 limited1 but by that time well regulated1 planet1 to the mysteries and the grandeurs of the worlds outside4 ,life will be complete in those coming days4 ,men will look back with pity to the time when they quarreled about little metal money tokens1 locked each other up in jail1 or choked each other to death legally4 ,let us hope and believe that we may come back then to share the pleasure of the world's mature days1 since we are sentenced to exist here to-day in the greasy1 clammy period of struggle and half-bakedness4 ---- ,while the infant sits drawing milk1 with never a dream of solid food1 the teeth are growing beneath its gums4 ,and while we crawl around here now1 with no conception of our future state1 some of the forces at work among us are preparing for the days when real life shall begin4 ,among these forces you may count the constructors of the great cosmic eye--the huge telescope that is now building in ,paris4 ,compared with all other exhibits at the ,paris ,fair1 that great instrument will be as a giant among babies1 a ,corliss engine among children's toys4 ,it is the precursor of the great instruments which in the future will take man on his travels through space4 ,imperfect as it is1 it fills the mind with awe and the imagination with delight4 ---- ,think of the great celestial eye1 flint and crown glass lenses more than four feet in diameter1 weighing a ton1 and suspended at the end of a tube one hundred feet long6 ,it will reach out thousands of billions of miles into space1 giving us1 perhaps1 new secrets of the universe4 ,yet it is but a child's toy compared to the instruments which must follow it4 ,and you who read this1 if your mind is fresh and your imagination not jaded1 may be the man who shall add to the power of this instrument as ,galileo added to that given to the world by ,lippershey1 the humble ,dutchman4 ,we invite the young ,american of ambition to study this latest proof of man's growing skill1 and see whether he can imagine anything to add to it4 ---- ,i have not seen it say you4 ,if you are the right man1 you do not need to ,,see it4 ,galileo only ,,heard of ,lippershey's discovery4 ,he thought hard on the problems of refraction for one night1 and as a result produced a telescope capable of magnifying threefold4 ,he finally produced a telescope of thirty-two-fold power4 ,this ,french telescope magnifies six thousand times1 but it is only a baby telescope1 full of faults4 ,it is rendered imperfect by the wavy motion of the air1 which affects our sight just as the motion of the waves affects the sight of a fish4 ,it lacks any adequate arrangement for light supply4 ,the great trouble of the astronomer is the getting of more light in his telescopes4 ,you may be the man to tell him how to do it without adding to the diameter of his object glass4 ,anyhow1 think about the big telescope4 ,if it does not make you an astronomer or a great inventor1 it may stir up your brain to the pitch of inventing a really good chicken coop4 ,that is still lacking1 and in great demand4 ,,what ,,animal ,,controls ,,your ,,spirit8 ,of all animals upon earth man came last4 ,all of earth's animal creations are bound up in man4 ,as to the first statement there is no difference of opinion4 ,the ,bible and ,darwin agree that man was created last of all the animals4 ,very superficial observation will convince you that man contains in his mental make-up all of the inferior animals1 or at least a great many of them4 ,you1 ,mr4 ,jones1 or ,smith1 who read this are in your single self a sort of synthesis of the entire animal creation4 ,if you could be divided into your component animal parts there would be a menagerie in your house1 and you1 ,smith or ,jones1 would be missing4 ,that thing we call a soul would be floating around1 impalpable1 looking for its house to live in4 ---- ,of course1 you can see the animal make-up in your neighbor more readily than in yourself4 ,how do men describe each other8 ,do they not speak as follows1 and mean exactly what they say ,he is as sly as a fox4 ,he eats like a pig4 ,he has dog-like faithfulness4 ,he is as brave as a lion4 ,he is as treacherous as a snake4 ,he was as hungry as a wolf1 etc4 ---- ,our good and our bad qualities alike are mapped out in our humble animal relations4 ,the horse stands for ambition1 which strives and suffers in silence4 ,the dog represents friendship1 which suffers and sacrifices much1 but whines loudly when injured4 ,we have no doubt that of the twelve passions which enter into ,fourier's complex analysis of man each has its prototype in some one animal4 ---- ,to rebel at the animal combination which makes up a man would be folly4 ,the ,maker of us all1 from ants to anti-imperialists1 naturally gathered together the various parts in lower animal form before finishing the work in man4 ,a harmoniously balanced mixture of all the animals is calculated undoubtedly to produce the perfect man4 ---- ,therefore1 study your animal make-up4 ,analyze honestly and intelligently the so-called lower creatures from whom you derive your mental characteristics4 ,if you have not yet done so1 study at once some good work on embryology1 and learn with amazement and awe of your marvelous transformations before birth4 ,then do your best to control the menagerie that is at work in your mind4 ,stultify ,mr4 ,pig1 if he is too prominent4 ,circumvent ,mr4 ,fox1 if he tries to rule you and make of you a mere cunning machine4 ,do not let your ,old ,dog ,tray qualities of friendship lead to your being made a fool4 ,in short1 study carefully the animal qualities that make up your temperament and prove in your own person the falseness of ,napoleon's irritating statement that a man's temperament can never be changed by himself4 ---- ,it may interest you to note that when man becomes insane1 the fact is at once made apparent that his mind1 dethroned1 had acted as the ruler of a savage menagerie4 ,many crazy men imagine themselves animals of one sort or another4 ,nearly all of them display the grossest animal qualities1 once their mind is deranged4 ,women of the greatest refinement sink into dreadful animalism when insane4 ,heine tells of a constable who1 in his boyhood1 ruled his native city4 ,one fine day this constable suddenly went crazy1 99 99 99 and thereupon he began to roar like a lion or squall like a cat4 ,heine remarks with calculated naivete3 ,we little boys were greatly delighted at the old fellow1 and trooped1 yelling1 after him until he was carried off to a madhouse4 ,there is1 by the way1 much of the natural animal in little boys4 ,it takes years to make a fairly reasonable creature of a young human4 ,for that reason many ignorant parents are foolishly distressed at juvenile displays of animalism1 which are perfectly natural4 ---- ,the same ,heine1 whose writings you ought not to neglect1 describes beautifully a human menagerie4 ,we'll quote that1 and then let you off for the day4 ,heine was living in ,paris in the forties1 and used to visit a curious revolutionary freak named ,ludwig ,borne4 ,of this man's house ,heine wrote3 ,i found in his salon such a menagerie of people as can hardly be found in the ,jardin des ,plantes 7the ,paris zoological garden74 ,in the background several polar bears were crouching1 who smoked and hardly ever spoke1 except to growl out now and then a real fatherland ',donnerwetter' in a deep bass voice4 ,near them was squatting a ,polish wolf in a red cap1 who occasionally yelped out a silly1 wild remark in a hoarse tone4 ,there1 too1 ,i found a ,french monkey1 one of the most hideous creatures ,i ever saw2 he kept up a series of grimaces1 each of which seemed more lovely than the last1 etc4 ,if ,heine's polar bears1 wolf and monkey had studied themselves1 as we advise you to study yourself1 they might have escaped the sarcasm of the sharpest tongue ever born in or out of ,germany4 ,,from ,,mammoths ,,to ,,mosquitoes --,,from ,,murder ,,to ,,hypocrisy ,you are standing with this writer on the edge of a stagnant pool in ,northern ,europe1 fifty thousand years ago4 ,the trees are strange1 the life is strange4 ,there are certain familiar things visible4 ,for instance1 on one side of the pool there is an angry mammoth1 with long hair and long tusks4 ,he is a huge1 savage beast1 monster of power with tiny1 vicious eyes1 and a curled trunk of unlimited force4 ,you recognize his resemblance to the modern elephant1 and you feel at home4 ,in the middle of the pool1 standing up to his waist in water1 there is another queer creature4 ,he has long1 red hair1 and through his lips you can see that in his rage he is grinding a large set of teeth with the canine incisors abnormally developed4 ,he is a shaggy1 savage-looking brute1 with a bloody and an apprehensive eye4 ,you will recognize him as a human being4 ,as he stands in the pool there is a familiar slap of his right hand on the back of his left shoulder--he has killed a mosquito4 ,that is the picture4 ,we leave the mammoth1 primitive man and the mosquito to settle their troubles4 ,we call your attention to this4 ,if you really witnessed that scene you would have undoubtedly said to the red-eyed savage in the pool3 ,my friend1 you can kill that mosquito easily1 and possibly in time you will kill all the mosquitoes4 ,but that ,,mammoth is a problem that you will not solve for a long time1 if ever4 ,had you known that the red-eyed human animal in the middle of the pool was sent there by ,providence to regulate the globe1 cultivate it1 destroy the noxious forms of animal life1 etc41 you would certainly have believed that that person would have got rid of the mosquitoes long before getting rid of the mammoth4 ,as a matter of fact1 the mammoth has gone1 the woolly rhinoceros of ,northern ,europe has gone1 the sabre-toothed tiger prowls no more4 ,even wolves have disappeared1 and the mosquito is still flourishing in his millions and billions4 ,we have only just learned that it is he who gives us malaria1 that it is he who spreads yellow fever and undoubtedly many other diseases4 ,the human race1 which in its earliest1 incapable childhood easily managed to dispose of the mammoth and his huge fellow-monsters1 still stands helpless before the little mosquito1 deadliest of ,,visible animals on earth4 ,is it not interesting to realize that the hardest work of the human race1 as of the individual1 is the most minute work2 that the intellect1 which easily copes with the heaviest and the biggest problems1 is baffled by the tiniest8 ,ultimately1 and perhaps soon1 we shall send the mosquito1 the house-fly and the other buzzing pirates to join in the grave's silence their big brothers--the mastodon and the rest4 ,then our fight will begin against invisible animal life1 against the actual microbes of disease which the mosquito has been carrying around and injecting into us4 ,it is a long fight1 but1 of course1 we shall win it4 ---- ,and is it not interesting1 also1 to reflect that in the moral1 as in the physical1 battles of life man requires the longest time to deal with his smallest enemies8 ,morally we are still primitive savages4 ,we are still combating murder1 arson1 theft--like the cave-dweller fighting the physical mammoth1 we are fighting the mammoths of moral deformity4 ,eventually they will disappear4 ,murder will be unknown1 and theft1 rendered unnecessary by decent social organization1 will have disappeared also4 ,at that time we shall be fighting the smaller and more dangerous1 more elusive and more persistent moral troubles--,,hypocrisy1 ,,conceit1 ,,uncharitableness4 ,these are the mosquitoes and flies of the world of immorality that will pursue us when the big fellows--murder and theft--shall have been killed off4 ,,the ,,monkey ,,and ,,the ,,snake ,,fight ,we wish to tell you of the monkey and the snake fight1 described by a witness in the ,lahore ,tribune4 ---- ,before men arrived on earth1 when all the animals were racing for supremacy1 the monkey seemed to have the smallest chance4 ,no one would have guessed that the descendants of this feeble1 defenseless little brute would eventually rule the earth1 killing off tigers1 lions and the other huge monsters at pleasure4 ,we have before called your attention in this column to the fact that the monkey1 or some animal like him1 had the honor of contributing our proud human services as the world's rulers ,,because ,,he ,,could ,,use ,,his ,,brain4 ,that fight between the monkey and the cobra illustrates this quite clearly4 ,the monkey was a little monkey1 with scarcely enough muscle to strangle a hen4 ,his little black finger-nails could hurt nobody4 ,his teeth were fit only to nibble fruit or to chatter in rage at his fellow monkeys4 ,this monkey had the misfortune to annoy a huge cobra4 ,mr4 ,cobra is the most dangerous1 the most formidably armed1 of all living animals4 ,he is a solid mass of muscle1 gifted with lightning speed4 ,the slightest touch of his fangs means death4 ,the brain of the cobra is about as big as a mustard seed4 ,the brain of the monkey--even a small one--is several hundred times as big as the brain of the largest snake4 ,we refer to the cerebrum1 the front brain1 which does the thinking4 ,the monkey annoyed the snake1 and the snake chased him4 ,mr4 ,monkey1 shrieking and chattering1 rushed over the ground until he came to a rock4 ,he stood still in front of the rock4 ,the snake dashed its head at him to annihilate him2 the monkey jumped to one side and let the snake beat its head against the rock4 ,over and over1 this operation was repeated1 the monkey with lightning speed avoiding the dart of the snake1 and the snake1 with never-ending stupidity1 dashing its head against the rock4 ,eventually the powerful1 dangerous snake was stretched out at full length1 bleeding and tired out4 ,the monkey was not bleeding and not tired4 ,he was extremely cheerful4 ,he seized the snake by the neck1 just back of the head1 and placidly proceeded to rub its head off on the stone4 ,when he had rubbed the head to a pulp4 incidentally destroying its primitive brain1 he left the dead snake lying there1 and gratefully accepted the ,indian corn and sugar-cane donated by the admiring humans-his relatives-who had witnessed his performance4 ---- ,the monkey used his brain--the snake did not4 ,the monkey did not say1 but he might as well have said3 ,you need not wonder that my half-sister1 ,eve1 crushed the serpent's head4 ,we monkeys and humans have soft hands and no poison sacs1 but ,,we ,,know ,,how ,,to ,,make ,,our ,,brains ,,work1 and that means that we rule creation4 ,,too ,,little ,,and ,,too ,,much ,here is a quotation from a very wise person called ,aristotle4 ,this ,greek philosopher was the teacher of ,alexander the ,great1 and incidentally he has been the teacher of millions of men since he began to talk philosophy1 more than twenty centuries ago4 ,first of all1 we must observe that in all these matters of human action the too little and the too much are alike ruinous1 as we can see 7to illustrate the spiritual by the natural7 in the case of strength and health4 ,too much and too little exercise alike impair the strength1 and too much meat and drink and too little both alike destroy the health1 but the fitting amount produces and preserves them4444 ,so1 too1 the man who takes his fill of every pleasure and abstains from none becomes a profligate2 while he who shuns all becomes stolid and insusceptible4 ,the next time you fall into a philosophical mood1 and begin reviewing the causes of your troubles1 see if you can't find some useful suggestion in the common-sense statement of ,aristotle we give today4 ,how about the too much of one thing and too little of another8 ,are you quite sure that you don't do too much talking and too little thinking8 ,are you sure that you don't do too much drinking and playing and idling1 and too little reading8 ,are you sure that you don't do too much of things you like that do you no good1 and too little of things that you ought to like1 and that would help you to succeed8 ---- ,we believe that every one of our readers has some friend or brother or son who can be really helped by the reading of this quotation from the old ,greek wise man4 ,you can state to any young man or woman to whom you send this advice that the man who gave it formed the character and judgment of ,alexander1 the world's most successful young man4 ,,do ,,you ,,feel ,,discouraged8 ,a young man lost his money in stocks the other day and killed himself4 ,other young men lose heart when things go against them and drift through life helpless1 useless derelicts4 ,let us give such men a bit of advice3 ,don't let failure discourage you4 ,almost all the brilliantly successful characters of history have known early trials and reverses4 ,the great philosopher1 ,epictetus1 was a slave4 ,alfred the ,great wandered through the swamps as a fugitive and got cuffed on the ears for letting the cakes burn4 ,columbus went from court to court like a beggar to try to raise money for the discovery of the ,new ,world and when he finally won the favor of the ,spanish ,queen he was so poor that he could not go to court until ,isabella had advanced him money enough to buy decent clothes4 ,when ,frederick the ,great was fighting all ,europe he fell into such desperate straits that he carried a bottle of poison about with him as the last way of escape from his enemies4 ,if he had taken that dose the whole history of our time would have been different4 ,instead of shaking a mailed fist at the world1 young ,william of ,hohenzollern might have been a mediatized princelet on the lookout for an ,american heiress2 there might never have been a ,leipzig or a ,waterloo1 as there certainly would not have been a ,sedan1 and the heirs of ,napoleon might now have been ruling over an empire covering all ,central ,europe1 from the ,tiber to the ,baltic4 ,nobody ever had greater cause for discouragement than ,george ,washington had when he led the straggling remnants of his army across the ,delaware in ,december1 #aggf4 ,but in the very darkest hour1 when absolute ruin seemed inevitable and a ,british gallows appeared the probable ending of his career1 he struck a blow that cleared the way to the highest place in the world's history4 ,andrew ,jackson was born in a cabin1 suffered every sort of adversity1 lost his mother and two brothers from the sufferings of war1 was cut with a sword for refusing to clean a ,british officer's boots1 and grew up almost without education4 ,abraham ,lincoln1 poor1 ignorant1 sprung from the lowliest stock1 deprived of all advantages for culture or for money making1 distressed by domestic troubles1 might have had some excuse for discouragement4 ,but he kept on1 with what results the world sees4 ,if ever there was a man who seemed doomed to failure it was ,u4 ,s4 ,grant in the spring of #ahfa4 ,he had cut loose from the profession for which he had been trained1 and1 after drifting from one occupation to another and failing in all1 he was now1 at thirty-nine years old1 a clerk in a country store and unable to make ends meet at that4 ,three years later he was ,lieutenant-,general of the armies of the ,united ,states1 and five years after that he was ,president4 ,solon said it was never safe to call any man happy until he was dead4 ,unhappiness is equally uncertain4 ,if you are poor now you may be rich to-morrow4 ,if you are unknown now you may be famous to-morrow4 ,if you are even in the penitentiary now you may be running a street-car system to-morrow4 ,so don't be discouraged if your fortunes are in temporary eclipse4 ,the savage is in despair when the sun goes into the moon's shadow1 for he thinks that some monster has swallowed it1 and that there will never be any daylight again4 ,but to the astronomer an eclipse is merely an interesting opportunity to make scientific observations4 ,be as sure of the coming of daylight as the astronomer is1 and your moments of darkness will trouble you no more than his trouble him4 ,,two ,,kinds ,,of ,,discontent ,emerson says3 ,discontent is the want of self-reliance2 it is infirmity of will4 ,another individual1 at least as solemn if not as wise as ,emerson1 says3 ,discontent is the foundation of all human effort4 ,both are right1 for there are two kinds of discontent4 ,almost everybody is afflicted with one kind of discontent or the other4 ,it would be well for you1 ,mr4 ,reader1 to decide what kind of discontent afflicts you4 ,if you have the wrong kind1 hurry and get the other as fast as possible4 ,,the ,,discontent ,,that ,,whines ,this is the kind of discontent which ,emerson refers to when he says that discontent is the want of self-reliance4 ,the ,,whining discontent ruins many lives2 it is used as the excuse for much foolish conduct1 much neglect of duty4 ,it is the discontent which reflects the feeble soul1 the self-indulgent1 worthless being4 ,a young man who gets drunk or dissipates otherwise1 who offers as an excuse1 ,well1 ,i was feeling kind of ,,discontented and had to do something1 is afflicted with the wrong kind of discontent in its most virulent form4 ,the office boy with small wages who is caught smoking cigarettes1 or evading his duties1 or undermining his moral character by gambling1 will also say1 ,i was discontented and had to do something4 ,if you have ,,that discontent1 try to get rid of it and get the other kind4 ,,the ,,discontent ,,that ,,means ,,ambition ,alexander the ,great lived and died discontented1 but ,emerson would scarcely have attributed that gentleman's discontent to lack of self-reliance4 ,alexander was discontented1 first1 because he could not conquer the whole world1 and1 second1 because there were no others that he could conquer4 ,he was a vast genius1 almost humorous in his ambitious discontent sometimes--especially when he looked at the stars and said1 as alleged1 that he was ashamed to look at all those other worlds when he had barely conquered this one little world that he lived on4 ,if you have in you ,alexander's brand of discontent you may well be grateful4 ,you are still more to be envied if you have the discontent which has impelled thousands of great men to devote their lives ceaselessly to the discovery of truth1 working for others4 ---- ,when ,taglioni1 the great ballet dancer1 was a little girl1 with skinny legs and a skinnier future1 being extremely homely and with no prospects of success1 she was discontented4 ,other skinny-legged little ballet dancers of her class were discontented also4 ,but ,taglioni's discontent impelled her to spend every spare moment whirling on her big toe1 practicing her entrechat1 or laboring over the art of smiling1 naturally1 with aching toes1 aching back1 aching thighs1 and solar plexus almost exhausted from the unnatural strain4 ,the other skinny-legged discontented ones exercised their discontent on their patient mothers1 instead of exercising it on their own big toes4 ,,they never were heard of1 whereas ,taglioni pranced on ,,her big toe before every court in ,europe1 and her smile1 which ultimately became natural1 attracted the opera glasses of all the great men4 ,there are thousands of young musicians1 young business men1 young singers1 young electricians--thousands and hundreds of thousands of human beings engaged in all kinds of effort in all directions4 ,,all ,,of ,,them ,,are ,,discontented4 ,those that have the right kind of discontent will go at least as far as their natural capacity can take them1 and those that have the wrong kind will collapse1 achieve nothing and devote wasted lives to wasting pity on themselves4 ---- ,try to acquire the discontent of ,alexander1 ,carlyle1 ,pagallini1 ,taglioni1 or even that of the honest bootblack who shines them up so hard that the perspiration comes through his check jumper in cold weather4 ,,what ,,the ,,bartender ,,sees ,a young man with a cold face1 much nervous energy and a tired-of-the-world expression leans over the polished1 silver-mounted drinking bar4 ,you look at him and order your drink4 ,you know what you think of him1 and you think you know what he thinks of you4 ,did you ever stop to think of ,,all ,,the ,,strange ,,human ,,beings besides yourself that pass before him8 ,he stands there as a sentinel1 business man1 detective1 waiter1 general entertainer and host for the homeless4 ,in comes a young man1 rather early in the day4 ,he is a little tired--up too late the night before4 ,he takes a cocktail4 ,he tells the bartender that he does not believe in cocktails4 ,he never takes them1 in fact4 ,the bitters in a cocktail will eat a hole through a thin handkerchief--pretty bad effect on your stomach1 eh8 and so on4 ,out goes the young man with the cocktail inside of him4 ,and the bartender ,,knows that that young man1 with his fine reasonings and his belief in himself1 is the confirmed drunkard of year after next4 ,he has seen the beginning of many such cocktail philosophers1 and the ending of the same4 ,the way ,,not to be a drunkard is never to taste spirits4 ,the bartender knows that4 ,but his customers do ,,not know it4 ---- ,at another hour of the day there comes in the older man4 ,this one is the fresh-faced1 ,,young oldish man4 ,he has small1 gray side-whiskers4 ,he shows several people--whom he does not know--his commutation ticket4 ,he changes his mind suddenly from whiskey to lemonade4 ,the bartender prepares the lemon slowly1 and the man changes his mind back to whiskey4 ,then he tries to look more dignified than the two younger men with him4 ,in the midst of the effort he begins to sing ,the ,heart ,bowed ,down with ,weight of ,woe1 and he tells the bartender that is from ',the ,bohemian ,girl4' ,he sings many other selections1 occasionally forgetting his dignity1 and occasionally remembering that he is the head of a most respectable home--partly paid for4 ,the wise man on the outside of the bar suggests that the oldish man will get into trouble4 ,but the bartender says3 ,no2 he will go home all right4 ,but he won't sing all the way there4 ,about the time he gets home he'll realize what money he has spent1 and you would not like to be his wife4 ,the bartender ,,knows that the oldish man--about fifty-one or fifty-two--has escaped being a drunkard by mere accident1 and that he has not quite escaped yet4 ,a little hard luck1 too much trouble1 and he'll lose his balance1 forget that there ,,is lemonade1 and take to whiskey permanently4 ---- ,at the far end of the bar there is the man who comes in slowly and passes his hand over his face nervously4 ,the bartender asks no question1 but pushes out a bottle of everyday whiskey and a small glass of water4 ,the whiskey goes down4 ,a shiver follows the whiskey and a very little of the water follows the shiver4 ,the man goes out with his arms close to his sides1 his gait shuffling and his head hanging4 ,it has taken him less than three minutes to buy1 swallow and pay for a liberal dose of poison4 ,says the bartender3 ,that fellow had a good business once4 ,doesn't look it1 does he8 ,jim over there used to work for him4 ,but he couldn't let it alone4 ,the it mentioned is whiskey4 ,outside in the cold that man1 who couldn't let it alone1 is shuffling his way against the bitter wind4 ,and even in his poor1 sodden brain reform and wisdom are striving to be heard4 ,his soul and body are sunk far below par4 ,his vitality is gone1 never to return4 ,the whiskey1 with its shiver that tells of a shock to the heart1 lifts him up for a second4 ,he has a little false strength of mind and brain and that strength is used to mumble good resolutions4 ,he ,,thinks he will stop drinking4 ,he thinks he could easily get money backing if he gave up drinking for good4 ,he feels and really believes that he ,,will stop drinking4 ,perhaps he goes home1 and for the hundredth time makes a poor woman believe him1 and makes her weep once more for joy1 as she has wept many times from sorrow4 ,but the bartender ,,knows that that man's day has gone1 and that ,niagara ,river could turn back as easily as he could remount the swift stream that is sweeping him to destruction4 ---- ,five men come in together4 ,each asks of all the others3 ,what are you going to have8 ,the bartender spreads out his hands on the edge of the bar1 attentive and prepared to work quickly4 ,every man insists on buying something to drink in his turn4 ,each takes what the others insist on giving him4 ,each thinks that he is hospitable4 ,but the bartender ,,knows that those men belong to the ,great ,american ,association for the ,manufacture of ,drunkards through treating4 ,each of those men might perhaps take his glass of beer1 or even something worse1 with relative safety4 ,but1 as stupidly as stampeded animals pushing each other over a precipice1 each insists on buying poison in his turn4 ,and every one spends his money to make every other one1 if possible1 a hard-drinking and a wasted man4 ---- ,you1 ,sir4 ,reader1 have seen all these types and many others1 have you not8 ,,why did you see them8 ,what ,,reason had you for seeing them8 ,the bartender stands studying the procession to destruction1 because he must make his living in that way4 ,he is a sort of clean-aproned ,charon on a whiskey ,styx1 ferrying the multitude to perdition on the other side of the river4 ,but what is ,,your business there8 ,you might as well be found inside an opium den4 ,the drink swallowed at the bar braces you1 does it8 ,if you think you need a drink1 you ,,really need sleep1 or better nourishment1 or you need to live more sensibly4 ,drink will not give you what you need4 ,it may for a moment make your nerves cease tormenting you4 ,it may do in your system for an hour what opium does in the ,chinese for a whole day4 ,but if it lifts you up high1 it drops you down ,,hard4 ,and remember3 ,,there ,,is ,,no ,,such ,,thing ,,as ,,moderate ,,drinking ,,at ,a ,,bar4 ,you ,,think you can take your occasional drink safely and philosophize about the procession that passes the bartender4 ,but the bartender ,,knows that you are no different from the others4 ,they all began as you are beginning4 ,they all1 in the early stages1 despised their own forerunners4 ,they were once as you are1 and the bartender ,,knows that the chances are all in favor of your being eventually like one of them4 ,even like the poor1 thin1 nervous drinker of hard whiskey1 who once wondered why men drink too much4 ---- ,the bartender's procession is a sad one1 and you who still think yourself safe are the saddest atom in the line1 for you are there without sufficient excuse4 ,it is a long procession1 and its end is far off4 ,it is born of the fact that life is dull1 competition is keen1 and ambition so often ends in sawdust failure4 ,a better chance for strugglers1 a more generous reward for hard work1 better organization of social life1 solution of the great unsolved problem of real civilization1 will end the bartender's procession4 ,meanwhile1 keep out of it if you can4 ,and be glad if it can be suspended1 temporarily at least1 on ,sundays4 ,,what ,,should ,,be ,a ,,man',s ,,object ,,in ,,life8 ,sermons in stones are familiar1 but few take the trouble to dig them out4 ,certainly none looks for sermons in a one-cent evening newspaper4 ,at the same time1 will you kindly think over and answer the question that heads this column8 ,here we are1 marooned for a few days on a flying ball of earth4 ,we don't know how we got here4 ,we don't know where we are going4 ,we are full of beautiful and satisfying ,,faith4 ,but we don't ,,know4 ,into this ,universe1 and ,,why not knowing1 ,nor ,,whence1 like ,water1 willy-nilly flowing2 ,and out of it as ,wind along the ,waste1 ,i know not ,,whither1 willy-nilly blowing4 ,that's the way ,omar1 the old tent-maker1 puts it4 ---- ,we drift from dinner to the theatre1 thence to bed1 thence to breakfast1 thence to work1 and so on4 ,or1 if in hard luck1 we struggle and wail1 cursing our day1 or more frequently cursing society4 ,we rarely stop to think what it is all about1 or what we are here for4 ---- ,we know the pig's object in life4 ,it has been beautifully and permanently outlined in ,carlyle's pig catechism4 ,the pig's life object is to get fat and keep fat--to get his full share of swill and as much more as he can manage to secure4 ,and his life object is worthy4 ,by sticking at it he develops fat hams inside his bristles1 and ,,we know1 though he does not1 that the production of fat hams is his destiny4 ---- ,but our human destiny is ,,not to produce fat hams4 ,why do so many of us live earnestly on the pig basis8 ,why do we struggle savagely for money to buy our kind of swill--luxury1 food1 etc4 --and cease all struggling when that money is obtained8 ,is fear of poverty and dependence the only emotion that should move us8 ,are we here merely to ,,stay here and ,,eat here8 ,a great ,german scientist1 very learned and about as imaginative as a wart hog1 declares that the human face is merely an extension and elaboration of the alimentary canal--that the beauty of expression1 the marvellous qualities of a noble human face1 are merely indirect results of the alimentary canal's strivings to satisfy its wants4 ,that is a hideous conception1 is it not8 ,but it is no more unworthy than the average human life1 and the average existence has much to justify the ,german's speculations4 ,what ,,shall we strive for8 ,,money8 ,get a thousand millions4 ,your day will come1 and in due course the graveyard rat will gnaw as calmly at your bump of acquisitiveness as at the mean coat of the pauper4 ,then1 shall we strive for ,,power8 ,the names of the first great kings of the world are forgotten1 and the names of all those whose power we envy will drift to forgetfulness soon4 ,what does the most powerful man in the world amount to standing at the brink of ,niagara1 with his solar plexus trembling8 ,what is his power compared with the force of the wind or the energy of one small wave sweeping along the shore8 ,the power which man can build up within himself1 for himself1 is nothing4 ,only the dull reasoning of gratified egotism can make it seem worth while4 ---- ,then what ,,is worth while8 ,let us look at some of the men who have come and gone1 and whose lives inspire us4 ,take a few at random3 ,columbus1 ,michael ,angelo1 ,wilberforce1 ,shakespeare1 ,galileo1 ,fulton1 ,watt1 ,hargreaves--these will do4 ,let us ask ourselves this question3 ,was there any ,,one ,,thing that distinguished ,,all their lives1 that united all these men1 active in fields so different8 ,yes4 ,every man among them1 and every man whose life history is worth the telling1 did something for ,,the ,,good ,,of ,,other ,,men4 ,hargreaves1 the weaver1 invented the spinning-jenny1 and his invention clothes and employs hundreds of millions4 ,galileo perfected the telescope1 spread out before man's intellect the grandeur of the universe4 ,wilberforce helped to awaken man's conscience4 ,he freed millions of slaves4 ,columbus gave a home to great nations4 ,we thrive to-day because of his noble courage4 ,michael ,angelo and ,shakespeare stirred human genius to new efforts1 and fed the human mind--a task more worthy than the feeding of the human stomach4 ,we ride in ,fulton's steamboats1 and ,watt's engine pulls us along4 ,men who are truly great have ,,done ,,good to their fellow-man4 ,and the greatest ,soul ever born on earth came to urge but one thing upon humanity1 ,love one another4 ---- ,get money if you can4 ,get power if you can4 ,then1 if you want to be more than the ten thousand million unknown mingled in the dust beneath you1 see what good you can do with your money and your power4 ,if you are one of the many millions who have not and can't get money or power1 see what good you can do without either4 ,you can help carry a load for an old man4 ,you can encourage and help a poor devil trying to reform4 ,you can set a good example to children4 ,you can stick to the men with whom you work1 fighting honestly for their welfare4 ,time was when the ablest man would rather kill ten men than feed a thousand children4 ,that time has gone4 ,we do not care much about feeding the children1 but we care less about killing the men4 ,to that extent we have improved already4 ,the day will come when we shall prefer helping our neighbor to robbing him--legally--of a million dollars4 ,do what good you can ,,now1 while it is unusual1 and have the satisfaction of being a pioneer and an eccentric4 ,,cruel ,,frightening ,,of ,,children ,the most acute suffering is that produced by ,,fear1 and those who suffer most acutely from fear are ,,young children4 ,who does not remember the intense agony in youth based upon the superstitious teachings of some foolish older person8 ,and how many children are made miserable through the hideous fear that comes from threats and from punishment postponed8 ,if a man should be whipped incessantly for three or four hours he would think his tormentor a monster of brutality4 ,yet you say to a child3 ,i will whip you for that to-morrow4 ,you sentence that child to hours of the most acute mental suffering1 and if the child be nervous and unusually sensitive1 you may permanently injure its health4 ---- ,here is a scene unfortunately not rare in this country3 ,a thin1 nervous little boy1 perhaps ten years old1 was walking along a suburban street4 ,suddenly1 on turning a corner1 he was confronted by a man1 apparently his father4 ,the child stood trembling4 ,the man1 in a voice of cold1 concentrated anger1 said3 ,didn't ,i tell you to come early4 ,you go to the house and ,,wait ,,there ,,till ,i ,,come ,,back ,,and ,,fix ,,you4 ,the man walked on1 to get the drink of beer or whiskey that should add to his natural cruelty1 and the poor child1 without a word1 started for home to await the coming punishment4 ,no more cruel treatment was ever endured by any human being than the punishment inflicted by that thoughtless man on the nervous1 helpless child placed in his power4 ,later1 of course1 there followed the punishment2 a huge1 powerful man striking repeatedly the delicate body of the child1 emphasizing the brutality of his blows with more brutal words1 and feeling when it was over that he had gloriously done his duty as a typical ,american father4 ,of course1 the actual brutal beating was only a small part of the child's ordeal4 ,the most horrible part was the waiting for the punishment4 ,no man in the death cell ever suffered more than thousands of children suffer every day waiting for the brutality which is to exemplify our savage notions concerning the education of children4 ,if such a monstrous parody on a father should be met in some lonely wood by a huge gorilla and treated as that father treats his own son1 he would complain bitterly of the gorilla's ferocity4 ,yet it would not equal in any way his own brutal and less excusable cruelty4 ---- ,if a parent says that he cannot bring up his children and control them without beating them1 you may say to that parent3 ,you never struck a child in your life except when you were angry1 and you would not have dared to strike it if it had been of your own size4 ,children born of decent parents can be brought up1 and ,,are brought up1 without beatings1 and if yours are a different kind of children it is a reflection on ,,you1 and on your whole brood and family4 ,the poor1 ignorant hen can teach its young ones to scratch and hunt worms1 and acquire whatever education they need without hurting them1 and a human being should be able to do for his own as much as a hen can do4 ,,it ,,is ,,natural ,,for ,,children ,,to ,,be ,,cruel ,you have perhaps read that ,mrs4 ,isabelle ,bailey1 of ,palmyra1 ,n4,j41 was cruelly tortured by three little girls4 ,the unfortunate woman was eighty-five years old1 paralyzed1 and confined to her bed4 ,the three children1 two of them eight and one eleven years old1 tormented the poor woman in a brutal manner1 of which details shall not be published here4 ,the helpless woman ultimately died1 and the children were charged with murder4 ---- ,this horrible story is mentioned in the hope of concentrating the minds of mothers and fathers on the fact that children are naturally more cruel1 more vicious1 than grown people4 ,the children mentioned in this case were1 perhaps1 abnormal and unusual monstrosities4 ,but they serve to illustrate the fact that infancy and childhood duplicate1 in the individual1 the primitive animal life on earth4 ,many children are brutally punished and ruined for life because ignorant parents imagine that childhood is naturally pure and innocent and good1 and that a child which misbehaves must be abnormally wicked4 ,if parents knew more about the physical and mental development of their children1 they would be better fitted to have charge of them4 ---- ,it is a fact taught by embryology that the human body before its birth passes through numerous stages of development which correspond exactly with the lower forms of animal life4 ,after birth the child develops ,,mentally in the same way1 passing through inferior mental stages and reaching a state of benevolence1 honesty1 truthfulness and self-restraint only as a result of long education and wise control4 ,a perfectly truthful child probably never existed4 ,all childish races of savages are incessant liars and thieves4 ,all children passing through the primitive stages of mental development are naturally given to deception1 and even to theft1 especially when they are frightened by the consequences of truth1 and when things which they desire are denied them4 ,all children are cruel--and there is no greater brutality than confiding a helpless animal to the tender mercies of a young child4 ,there may be a few exceptions1 but they are very rare1 and there is no reason why parents should expect their particular children to be the exceptions4 ,you may see a man of mature age1 kind-hearted1 absolutely benevolent and just4 ,and you may learn that when he was a baby he bit his nurse1 lied1 and was cruel to animals and to other children4 ,but parents are stupidly egotistical1 and believe that their pretty children ought to be born morally perfect4 ,this moral perfection can be obtained only as the result of education4 ,don't expect your children to be models of virtue4 ,don't brutalize them by punishments and contempt because you discover that their primitive mental life duplicates the mental conditions of inferior animals4 ,set them a good example1 and by education make them what you want them to be4 ,the ignorant and stupid belief that children are born naturally good accounts for the brutality of many fathers and the ruin of many young lives1 making cowards of children1 accentuating their untruthfulness and cowardice and their cruelty through a desire for revenge4 ,,two ,,thin ,,little ,,babies ,,are ,,left ,the authorities of ,new ,york ,city1 at this writing1 have two babies to give away4 ,a few days since there were about two hundred babies in the city foundling asylum to be had for the asking4 ,of all these little ones there remain but two whom nobody seems to want4 ,these two forlorn little things are described as thin and nervous2 inclined to cry1 and not taking kindly to those who come to pick out free babies for adoption4 ,hundreds of women anxious for children have gone to the asylum1 have passed by the two little skinny babies1 and have asked to be informed as soon as fat babies should be on hand4 ,presently we shall tell childless persons--especially bachelors--why they should get a baby and bring it up4 ,but first1 learn that the best possible choice would be one of those two despised thin babies4 ,in all the world's history1 the greatest men have begun life as ,,thin babies4 ,you must know from common observation that in babyhood the head is big out of all proportion to the rest of the body4 ,a baby one year old has in its brain alone at least one-third of all the blood in its body4 ,,the ,,bigger ,,and ,,more ,,active ,,the ,,brain the more blood is required to nourish it1 and ,,the ,,more ,,the ,,rest ,,of ,,the ,,body ,,suffers4 ,a baby luckily born may combine a good brain and a fat body4 ,but such luck is very rare4 ,nine times out of ten the best baby ,,mentally is the poorest-looking baby ,,physically4 ,we have told you in this column about the pathetic babyhood of the great ,voltaire4 ,had he been in the foundling asylum during the recent selection of babies1 he would surely be among the despised and rejected4 ,yet what a glory to have picked out and raised the wonderful ,voltaire6 ,voltaire1 whose name as a baby was ,arouet1 was the thinnest and most nervous of babies4 ,he had a disease very much like rickets2 he cried night and day1 and there was little hope of keeping him alive4 ,pitt1 the great ,british ,prime ,minister1 was as sick and skinny a baby as was ever seen4 ,pope1 when a baby1 would not have seemed worth keeping alive to anybody but a loving mother4 ,we advise the women who have spurned the two thin babies in the asylum to take another look at them4 ,they may be the best two babies in the entire lot4 ,a ,,baby ,,can ,,educate ,a ,,man ,if you will read ,drummond's beautiful work ,the ,ascent of ,man1 you will learn that we owe to children the good that is in us4 ,it is the child that educates the father and mother4 ,if you are a solemn bachelor1 gradually drying up in your selfish life1 try having a baby around for a while4 ,get a despised thin one from the asylum4 ,get some good1 kind old woman to take care of it4 ,give the woman and the baby the quietest room in your house or flat1 and then watch the improvement in your character4 ,you can feed the baby for the cost of one or two cocktails daily4 ,your health will improve if you give up the cocktails1 and watch the effect of their substitute1 milk1 on the little child4 ,when you get up in the morning1 if the hour is early1 you will find the old woman giving the baby its bath4 ,the poor1 little thin thing will wriggle joyously in the warm water1 once it gets used to the daily bathing4 ,its head will be soaped first1 then sponged4 ,it will be dried with a warm towel1 and you can hit the tin bathtub with your keys to keep it from crying while its clothes are put on4 ,hold the baby for a while each morning1 letting its head rest on your shoulder that its neck may not be strained4 7,this will give the nurse a chance to prepare the bottle that follows the bath47 ,it will get used to you after a few mornings4 ,the first time it shows affection for you1 you will be the proudest man in your office4 ,if asked to take a cocktail you will say3 ,no1 thank you4 ,my cocktail money is spent to make a thin baby fat4 ,if others boast of their friends1 you will know that ,,you have a friend whom money cannot influence1 one skinny little admirer at home whose affection is genuine4 ,if a man shows delight in the love of his dog1 you will say to yourself3 ,any dog will like any man4 ,but there are few that could get a baby to like them in six days as that thin ,jimmy likes me4 ,if you go home early1 before the baby is put to bed1 you will find him trying to crawl along the floor1 or trying to eat the pattern in the carpet4 ,he will look at you out of his pale1 little1 blue eyes and reach his skinny arms toward you4 ,see if that does not make you glad that you tried the baby experiment4 ,gradually the thin body will get fatter1 and the small1 busy mouth will begin a mumbling language of its own4 ,the old nurse will pretend to understand everything it says and will insist that it knows your name4 ,the first tooth piercing the heated1 suffering gum2 the first feeble steps with the help of a chair2 the first tottering effort all alone1 with arms outstretched toward you1 ending in a flabby collapse1 will delight you more than much experimenting with race horses1 if you are the right sort of man4 ,it will not be long before you will decide that the bringing up of babies is your destiny1 and a good one4 ,but when you bring a wife into the house1 and she brings you other babies1 thin or fat1 of your own1 don't forget the original thin ,jimmy baby4 ,provide for the old nurse and for the youngster4 ,say to your wife3 ,be fond of that ,jimmy baby1 for it was he who taught me that ,i could not get along without you4 ,end ,project ,gutenberg ,etext of ,editorials from the ,hearst ,newspapers by ,arthur ,brisbane 999999 x-header 999999