,,the ,,illustrated ,,progressive ,,series4 ,,the ,,fourth ,,progressive ,,reader4 ,,carefully ,,arranged ,,for ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,schools4 ,,new ,,york3 ,p4 ,o',,shea1 ,,publisher2 #bg ,,barclay ,,street4 #ahga4 ,entered according to ,act of ,congress1 in the year #ahga1 ,by ,p4 ,o',,shea1 ,in the office of the ,librarian of ,congress1 at ,washington4 ,,preface4 ,the selections for the ,,fourth ,,progressive ,,reader have been made with great care1 and1 if the judgment of some of our most accomplished teachers may be trusted1 with becoming discrimination4 ,lessons have been selected that are interesting to the young1 and that convey1 each1 an instructive moral in such a way as to impress itself deeply on the mind of the pupil4 ,they have also been selected and arranged with a view to affording the best possible exercises in reading4 ,new selections have been made from several distinguished writers4 ,those from ,archbishop ,spalding1 ,father ,lacordaire1 ,doctor ,newman1 ,miss ,hoffman1 and ,brother ,philippe1 are in every respect excellent4 ,short biographical sketches have been appended of the different authors from whose works selections1 have been made4 ,in making those selections care has been taken to furnish examples of the various styles of composition1 and in doing this whatever could be found most interesting and instructive was sought for2 whilst every thing dull1 frivolous1 or at all tinctured with erroneous views or principles has been rigidly excluded4 ,the ,lessons are a grade higher than those of the ,,third ,,reader1 but nothing supposed to be above the capacity or intelligence of children who have read through the preceding books of the ,series has been introduced4 ,the instructions on articulation1 emphasis1 and inflection1 will be found to be moderately full and very clear and intelligible4 ,,contents4 ,,introduction4 ,,page4 ,pronunciation #ae ,articulation #af ,accent #ai ,time #bj ,emphasis #bb ,inflection #cd ,circumflex ,inflection--,monotone #ci ,parenthesis and ,parenthetical ,clauses #dj ,tone--,expression and ,energy #db ,on ,reading of ,verse #de ,rests in ,verse #dh ,,reading ,,lessons4 ,,prose4 ,,lesson4 #a4 ,teaching and ,character of ,jesus ,christ ,chateaubriand1 #eb #c4 ,the ,devoted ,son and the ,generous ,stranger ,brother ,philippe1 #ee #d4 ,the ,christian ,mother ,mary ,i4 ,hoffman1 #fj #f4 ,the ,two ,roads #ff #i4 ,the ,young ,shepherd ,fenelon1 #gb #aj4 ,the ,same4--,continued #ge #ab4 ,the ,broken ,heart ,irving1 #gi #ac4 ,little ,victories #hd #ad4 ,the ,same4--,continued #hf #af4 ,the ,widow of the ,pine ,cottage #ia #ai4 ,the ,bobolink ,irving1 #ig #bj4 ,the ,same4--,continued #ii #bb4 ,portrait of a ,virtuous and ,accomplished ,woman ,fenelon1 #ajb #bd4 ,the ,avaricious ,miller ,goldsmith1 #aje #be4 ,the ,death of the ,little ,scholar ,dickens1 #ajh #bh4 ,the ,monk of ,st4 ,francis ,sterne1 #aae #bi4 ,my ,mother's ,grave ,brownson1 #aah #cj4 ,good ,counsel #abj #cb4 ,reproof to an ,affected ,speaker ,la ,bruyere1 #abe #ce4 ,our ,miseries ,often ,our ,fault ,blair1 #abi #cg4 ,influence of ,religion on the ,tyrolese ,alison1 #acc #dj4 ,behind ,time ,freeman ,hunt1 #ach #dc4 ,a ,storm at ,sea ,archbishop ,hughes1 #ade #dd4 ,the ,atmosphere #aej #df4 ,discretion ,addison1 #aed #dg4 ,stability of ,character ,alison1 #aef #eb4 ,death of ,little ,nell ,dickens1 #afg #ec4 ,sorrow for the ,dead ,irving1 #aga #ed4 ,isabella the ,catholic1 ,queen of ,spain ,prescott1 #agd #ei4 ,the ,charmed ,serpent ,chateaubriand1 #ahc #fj4 ,my ,rosary ,sir ,humphrey ,davy1 #ahe #fa4 ,the ,indians ,story1 #ahg #fc4 ,the ,friars and the ,knight ,digby1 #aia #ff4 ,patriotism and ,christianity ,chateaubriand1 #aif #fg4 ,best ,kind of ,revenge ,chambers1 #aii #fh4 ,queen ,elizabeth of ,hungary ,montalembert1 #bja #gj4 ,the ,presumption of ,youth ,rollin1 #baj #gc4 ,a ,picture of ,human ,life ,johnson1 #baf #ge4 ,on the ,waste of ,time ,franklin1 #bbc #gg4 ,dialogue with the ,gout ,franklin1 #bbg #gi4 ,edward the ,confessor ,lingard1 #bcb #hb4 ,washington and ,bonaparte ,compared ,chateaubriand1 #bch #hc4 ,character of ,franklin ,brougham1 #bdb #hg4 ,the ,roman ,pontiffs ,archbishop ,spalding1 #bdi #hh4 ,labor and ,genius ,sydney ,smith1 #bea #ia4 ,a ,curtain ,lecture of ,mrs4 ,caudle ,jerrold1 #bei #id4 ,god ,gave to ,his ,church ,charity ,lacordaire1 #bgj #if4 ,george ,washington ,dwight1 #bgc #ig4 ,conduct of ,la ,fayette in the ,american ,revolution ,j4 ,q4 ,adams1 #bgf #ii4 ,sir ,thomas ,moore ,henry ,giles1 #bhb #aja4 ,the ,religion of ,catholics ,dr4 ,doyle1 #bhg #ajc4 ,speech of ,logan1 ,chief of the ,mingoes ,jefferson1 #bic #aje4 ,character of the ,irish ,peasantry ,barrington1 #bif #aji4 ,voluntary ,confession of ,sin ,lacordaire1 #caj ,,poetry4 ,,lesson4 #b4 ,little at ,first1 but ,great at ,last #ec #e4 ,woodman1 ,spare that ,tree ,morris1 #fd #g4 ,the ,laborers #fh #h4 ,the ,boy ,willis1 #gj #aa4 ,old ,times ,gerald ,griffin1 #gh #ae4 ,our ,titles #ij #ag4 ,a ,psalm of ,life ,longfellow1 #ie #ah4 ,let ,virtue be ,your ,aim #if #ba4 ,who is ,my ,neighbor8 #aja #bc4 ,the work of ,to-day ,charles ,mackay1 #ajd #bf4 ,god1 the ,true ,source of ,consolation ,thomas ,moore1 #aab #bg4 ,the ,martyrdom of ,st4 ,agnes ,de ,vere1 #aac #ca4 ,the ,sister of ,charity ,gerald ,griffin1 #abb #cc4 ,my ,birthday ,thomas ,moore1 #abf #cd4 ,labor ,frances ,osgood1 #abg #cf4 ,true ,patriotism ,sir ,william ,jones1 #acb #ch4 ,hymn of the ,mountaineers ,mrs4 ,hemans1 #ace #ci4 ,exhortation to ,prayer #acf #da4 ,evil ,influence of ,skepticism ,campbell1 #ada #db4 ,david's ,lament for ,absalom ,willis1 #adc #de4 ,the ,cherwell ,water ,lily ,faber1 #aeb ,,the ,,year ,,of ,,sorrow--,,ireland--#ahdi4 #dh4 ,spring ,aubrey ,de ,vere1 #afj #di4 ,summer #afb #ej4 ,autumn #afd #ea4 ,winter #afe #ee4 ,palestine4 7,altered from ,whittier47 #agh #ef4 ,love of ,country and of ,home ,montgomery1 #ahj #eg4 ,the ,heavenly ,rest #aha #eh4 ,love of ,country ,scott1 #ahb #fb4 ,indian ,names ,sigourney1 #aij #fd4 ,where ,there's a ,will1 ,there's a ,way ,eliza ,cook1 #aic #fe4 ,now1 ,to-day ,adelaide ,a4 ,proctor1 #aie #fi4 ,william ,tell ,knowles1 #bjc #ga4 ,mary ,magdalen ,callanan1 #bad #gb4 ,the ,wexford ,massacre #bae #gd4 ,the ,doubting ,heart ,adelaide ,a4 ,proctor1 #bbb #gf4 ,the ,reaper ,death ,longfellow1 #bbf #gh4 ,the ,death of the ,flowers ,william ,cullen ,bryant1 #bcj #hj4 ,the ,coming of ,winter ,t4 ,b4 ,read1 #bce #ha4 ,the ,sister of ,charity ,williams1 #bcf #hd4 ,the ,last ,minstrel ,scott1 #bdf #he4 ,the ,minstrel ,boy ,thomas ,moore1 #bdg #hf4 ,army ,hymn ,o4 ,w4 ,holmes1 #bdh #hi4 ,the ,dying ,girl ,williams1 #bee #ij4 ,the ,angelus ,bell ,campion1 #beg #ib4 ,the ,song of the ,shirt ,hood1 #bfc #ic4 ,bernardo del ,carpio ,mrs4 ,hemans1 #bff #ie4 ,union and ,liberty ,o4 ,w4 ,holmes1 #bgb #ih4 ,paul ,revere's ,ride ,longfellow1 #bgh #ajj4 ,the ,battle ,field ,bryant1 #bhe #ajb4 ,a ,birthday ,offering ,dr4 ,newman1 #bij #ajd4 ,god is ,everywhere #bid #ajf4 ,advice to a ,young ,critic ,pope1 #cjj #ajh4 ,elegy ,written in a ,country ,church-yard ,gray1 #cje ,,table ,,of ,,vowel ,,sounds4 ,this table is designed for an exercise upon the vowel elements4 ,these should be pronounced alone as well as in combination with the words given as examples4 ,let the class first pronounce the table in order1 thus3 ,a long1 ,fate1 2 ,a short1 ,fat1 1 c42 then pronounce the column of elements alone4 ,,name4 ,,example4 ,,element4 ,a long ,fte ,a short ,ft ,a ,italian ,fr ,a broad ,fll ,e long ,mte ,e short ,mt ,i long ,pne ,i short ,pn ,o long ,nte ,o short ,nt ,o long and close ,mve ,u long ,tbe ,u short ,tb ,u middle or obtuse ,fll ,u short and obtuse ,fr ,,oi and ,,oy ,bl ,,ou and ,,ow ,bnd ,,equivalents4 ,e short and obtuse1 like in ,fr ,hr ,i like ,e long ,machne ,i short and obtuse1 like in ,fr ,sr ,o like ,a broad ,nr ,o like ,u short ,sn ,u like ,o in ,move ,rle ,y like ,i long ,tpe ,y like ,i short ,symbol y ,y short and obtuse1 like in ,fr ,mrtle ,,ew like ,u long ,now ew ,,table ,,of ,,consonant ,,sounds4 ,this table should be treated by the class in the same manner as the table of vowel sounds4 ,the sound of a consonant may be ascertained by pronouncing a word containing it in a slow and forcible manner4 ,,vocal ,,consonants are those uttered with a slight degree of vocality1 but less than that of a vowel4 ,they are formed with a vibration of the vocal chords4 ,,aspirate ,,consonants are those in which the pure breath alone is heard4 ,they are formed without any vibration of the vocal chords4 ,,name4 ,,example4 ,,element4 ,,vocal ,,consonants4#a ,b ,babe b ,d ,did d ,g hard ,gag g ,j ,joy j ,l ,lull l ,m ,maim m ,n ,nun n ,,ng ,sing ng ,r 7trilled7 ,rap r ,r 7untrilled7 ,nor r ,,th soft ,thine th ,v ,valve v ,w ,wine w ,y ,yes y ,z ,zeal z ,,zh 7or ,z7 ,azure zh ,,aspirate ,,consonants4 ,,ch ,church ch ,f ,fife f ,h#b ,hold h ,k ,kirk k ,p ,pipe p ,t ,tent t ,s ,seal s ,,sh ,shine sh ,,th sharp ,thin th ,,equivalents4 ,c soft1 like s ease ,c hard1 like k ,cake c ,ch hard1 like k ,chasm ch ,ch soft1 like sh haise h ,g soft1 like j ,giant g ,ph like f ,seraph ph ,s soft1 like z ,muse ,s like zh ,vision s ,q like k ,coquette q ,x like ks ,tax x ,x like gz ,exalt z ,q has the sound of k1 and is always followed by u1 which1 in this position1 commonly has the sound of w1 but is sometimes silent4 ,,wh is an aspirated w1 pronounced as if written hw4 #a ,sometimes called ,subvocals1 or ,subtonics4 #b ,h sounded before a vowel1 is an expulsion of the breath after the organs are in a position to sound the vowel4 ,,exercises ,,on ,,the ,,vowel ,,sounds4 ,in pronouncing the words in the following exercises1 special attention should be given to the precise sound of the letters italicized4 ,the sounds of the letters in ,italics are the same as the sound of the vowel at the head of the paragraph4 ,exercises upon tables of words like the following are valuable1 not only for developing vocal power1 but as one of the best methods of correcting habitual errors in pronunciation4 a1 long1 as in fte4--,fame1 blame1 sail1 cambric1 nature1 ancient1 patron1 matron4 a1 short1 as in ft4--,bat1 mat1 bad1 had1 can1 cannon1 sand1 fancy1 marry1 have4 a1 ,italian1 as in fr4--,are1 bar1 star1 guitar1 mart1 alarm1 parchment1 father1 heart1 hearth1 guard1 daunt1 haunt4 a1 broad1 as in fll2 and o1 as in nr4--,ball1 call1 tall1 nor1 form1 storm1 corn1 salt1 ought1 fought1 nought4 a1 as in fre2 and e1 as in thre4--,dare1 rare1 pair1 air1 share1 snare1 where1 heir1 stare1 pare4 a1 as in fst4--,blast1 chance1 lance1 trance1 branch1 grasp1 graft1 grant1 grass1 pass1 class4 e1 long1 as in mte2 and i1 as in marne4--,be1 she1 theme1 scene1 marine1 pique1 key1 fiend1 grieve1 treaty1 ,csar1 critique1 relief1 belief1 leaf1 quay1 lenient1 inherent4 e1 short1 as in mt4--,bed1 bread1 debt1 engine1 tepid1 get1 yes1 chest1 egg1 kettle4 i1 long1 as in pne2 and y1 as in b4--,smile1 mile1 vine1 fly1 type1 defy1 sky1 kind1 flight1 ally1 apply1 tiny4 i1 short1 as in pn2 and y1 as in myth4--,din1 ring1 whip1 skip1 lyric1 servile1 agile1 cygnet1 cynic1 cylinder4 o1 long1 as in nte4--,home1 dome1 glory1 vocal1 more1 gore4 o1 short1 as in nt4--,mob1 rob1 sob1 dot1 got4 o1 long and close1 as in mve2 and u1 as in rle4--,prove1 mood1 lose1 rule1 true1 ruin1 druid1 moon1 root4 u1 long1 as in tbe2 and ew1 as in new4--,tune1 fuse1 cure1 lure1 duty1 curate1 few1 pew4 u1 short1 as in tb2 and o1 as in sn4--,just1 must1 tun1 fun1 hug1 rug1 dove1 does1 rough1 son1 ton4 u1 middle1 as in fll4--,bush1 push1 butcher1 cushion1 puss4 u1 short and obtuse1 as in fr2 e1 as in hr2 i1 as in fr2 and y1 as in mrrh4--,burn1 murmur1 further1 herd1 fern1 person1 merge1 mercy1 sir1 bird1 virtue1 dirk1 dirt1 mirth1 myrrh1 myrtle1 syrtis4 oi1 as in vce2 and oy1 as in by4--,boil1 coil1 coy1 toy1 void1 coin1 joint1 joist1 poise1 noise1 employ1 rejoice1 avoid1 appoint1 embroil1 foible1 oyster4 ou1 as in snd2 and ow1 as in n4--,pound1 proud1 brown1 vow1 endow1 noun1 town1 doubt1 devout1 plough1 trout1 ground1 shout1 vowel1 thou1 around4 ,,introduction4 ,it can not be too often1 or too emphatically1 impressed on the minds of those who desire to read well1 that they must study to acquire the same easy1 graceful1 and natural tone and manner in reading1 which persons of education and taste use in speaking4 ,it is important1 therefore1 to observe closely the manner of those who read and speak well4 ,but1 of course1 no one can be taught to read well until he has learned to articulate distinctly and pronounce his words correctly4 ,he must also pay due attention to ,,time1 ,,inflection and ,,emphasis4 ,the following rules and exercises1 taken from the best sources1 will be found very useful4 ,they are made as simple and plain as possible1 but are at the same time moderately full4 ,,pronunciation4 ,pronunciation is good when all the letters and syllables in every word1 are uttered with due force and proper fullness of sound4 ,to pronunciation belong articulation and accent4 ,a correct articulation requires that every vowel1 and1 of course1 every syllable in a word1 be uttered with fulness and distinctness4 ,a correct accentuation requires that a peculiar stress be laid on one or more syllables of a word1 and1 of course1 that the other syllables be pronounced with less stress1 or force4 ,in most words it is sufficient to accent one syllable4 ,in monosyllables there can be no accent1 as if one syllable were pronounced with force1 there would be no syllable left to be passed over lightly4 ,,articulation4 ,,directions ,,and ,,exercises4 ,i4 ,avoid suppressing any syllable or part of a syllable4 ,do not say3 fat-t'l for fa-tal met'l 0 met-al cap'n 0 cap-tain firm'ment 0 firm-a-ment reg'lar 0 reg-u-lar trav'ler 0 trav-el-er des'late 0 des-o-late bar-r'l 0 bar-rel ev'ry 0 ev-e-ry his-t'ry 0 his-to-ry sev'ral 0 sev-e-ral b'lief 0 be-lief flut'ring 0 flut-ter-ing mem'ry 0 mem-o-ry par-tic'lar 0 par-tic-u-lar read-in' 0 read-ing writin' 0 writ-ing speak-in' 0 speak-ing walk-in' 0 wal-king mor-nin' 0 morn-ing sli-din' 0 slid-ing shavin' 0 sha-ving laughin' 0 laugh-ing fight-in' 0 fight-ing com-man's 0 com-mands con-si's 0 con-sists gov-er'-ment 0 gov-ern-ment ,feb'-u-ary 0 ,feb-ru-ary an' 0 and groun' 0 ground boun' 0 bound wa'm-er 0 warm-er ha'm-less 0 harm-less ,,ii4 ,avoid substituting one sound for another4 ,do not say3 vir-too or vir-tshoo for vir-tue 7yu7 lec-ter or lec-tshoor 0 lec-ture 7yr7 ed-i-cate or ed-ju-cate 0 ed-u-cate 7yu7 fea-tur or fea-tshoor 0 feat-ure 7yr7 mois-ter or mois-tshoor 0 mois-ture 7yr7 mix-ter or mix-tsher 0 mix-ture 7yr7 ves-ter or ves-tshure 0 ves-ture 7yr7 stat-er or stat-chur 0 stat-ure 7yr7 as-soom or as-shoom 0 as-sume 7yume7 pur-soot or pur-shoot 0 pur-suit 7yute7 chil-drin or child-er-en 0 child-ren fear-luss or fear-liss 0 fear-less win-e-gar 0 vin-e-gar con-clood 0 con-clude 7yude7 ,,iii4 ,avoid adding to1 or taking from the sound of the word4 ,do not say3 wil-ler for wil-low fel-ler 0 fel-low win-der 0 win-dow wid-er 0 wid-ow pil-ler 0 pil-low hol-ler 0 hol-low fol-ler 0 fol-low ,ma-ri-ar 0 ,ma-ri-a ,sav-an-ar 0 ,sav-an-ah tub-ac-cur 0 to-bac-co croc-er-dile 0 croc-o-dile hold 0 old hart 0 art high 0 eye griev-ious 7yus7 0 griev-ous hein-ious 0 hein-ous wen 0 when ware 0 where witch 0 which all 0 hall appy 0 happy wile 0 while wit 0 whit wine 0 whine wey 0 whey wit 0 whit ay 0 hay elp 0 help aft 0 haft ose 0 hose ire 0 higher wist 0 whist wy 0 why ,,iv4 ,avoid pronouncing words alike which are not precisely alike4 ,do not say3 ac-cess for ex-cess fish-er 0 fis-sure al-tar 0 al-ter gent-le 0 gen-tile mare 0 may-or e-lis-ion 0 e-ly-sian bar-on 0 bar-ren e-merge 0 im-merge em-i-grant 0 im-mi-grant im-pos-tor 0 im-pos-ture ac-cede 0 ex-ceed e-lic-it 0 il-lic-it af-fect 0 ef-fect can-did 0 cand-ied ap-pos-ite 0 op-pos-ite as-sist-ance 0 as-sist-ants cease 0 seize cauf 0 cough cen-sus 0 sen-ses cents 0 sense4 ,see exercises on these and similar words in the author's 8,columbian ,spelling ,book40 ,v4 ,avoid blending the end of a word with the beginning of the next4 ,do not confound-- ,a nice house1 with ,an ice house4 ,false sights1 0 ,false heights4 ,the darkest hour1 0 ,the darkest tower4 ,it strikes with an awe1 0 ,it strikes with a naw4 ,my heart was awed1 0 ,my heart was sawed4 ,a notion of sweetness1 0 ,an ocean of sweetness4 ,there was a great error1 0 ,there was a great terror4 ,my brothers ought to go1 0 ,my brother sought to go4 ,he walked in fields of ice1 0 ,he walked in fields of vice4 ,wastes and deserts1 0 ,waste sand deserts4 ,look on this spot1 0 ,look on this pot4 ,goodness centers in the heart1 0 ,goodness enters in the heart4 ,luxurious soil1 0 ,luxurious oil4 ,chaste stars1 0 ,chased tars4 ,such a notion exists1 0 ,such an ocean exists4 ,to obtain either1 0 ,to obtain neither4 ,his cry moved me1 0 ,his crime moved me4 ,the same arrow1 0 ,the same marrow4 ,,accent4 ,the remarks on ,accentuation in the third book of this series have already familiarized the learner with the uses of accent4 ,he has learned how accent determines the pronunciation of words1 and how it shows1 in many cases1 the sounds of the vowels4 ,he has also learned1 that many words are differently accented1 and1 of course1 differently pronounced1 when used as nouns1 from the manner in which they are accented and pronounced1 when used as verbs4 ,we shall not repeat what we have there explained2 but we will here inform the pupil1 that while all words of more than one syllable have one accented syllable1 almost all words of more than three syllables have two accented syllables4 ,these two syllables are not accented with equal force1 and this makes necessary the terms ,primary ,accent1 and ,secondary ,accent4 ,where two syllables are accented in the same word1 that which has the greater amount of stress laid upon it1 receives the primary accent 7generally marked 71 and that which has the less amount of stress laid upon it1 receives the secondary accent 7generally marked or 74 ,,examples4 ed-u-ca-tion rec-o-mend vo-cab-u-lar-y res-o-lu-tion am-bi-gu-i-ty ad-mon-i-tion tem-po-ra-ry mo-ment-a-ry in-de-pend-ence con-ver-sa-tion sat-is-fac-tion mat-ri-mo-ny con-se-quen-tial r-sur-rec-tion mor-ti-fi-ca-tion ,observing the proper position of the accent1 and paying particular attention to it1 is indispensable for good reading4 ,those who fail to do so1 always read with a drawling1 monotonous tone1 and cannot please their hearers4 ,there is no precision in their pronunciation1 and there can be no clearness in their enunciation4 7,see the 8,columbian ,spelling ,book10 page #aje1 where the nature and uses of accents are treated of at considerable length47 ,,time4 ,the second requisite of good reading is1 that due regard be paid to ,,time3 if the reader hurries on without making the necessary pauses1 the pronunciation is not only indistinct1 but the sense is often altogether lost2 and if he hesitates1 making pauses where none should be made1 and reads without animation or spirit1 the sense is equally injured1 or made difficult to ascertain1 and the reading is of that drawling kind to which it is so tiresome to listen4 ,those who desire to become good readers1 then1 must pay due attention to the pauses which should be made4 ,pauses are of two kinds1 ,grammatical ,pauses1 which are marked by characters1 and ,rhetorical ,pauses1 which are not marked by characters1 but which the sense of what you read1 requires to be made4 ,we shall first speak of the ,,grammatical ,,pauses2 they are-- ,the ,comma 7marked7 1 0 ,semicolon 0 2 0 ,colon 0 3 0 ,period 0 4 0 ,interrogation 0 8 0 ,exclamation 0 6 ,the ,parenthesis 77 is used to inclose some word or words which are not essential to the structure of the sentence2 and the ,dash 7--7 is used to denote a sudden breaking or turning off in the discourse or sentence4 ,when any of these points is met with in reading1 there must be a pause of greater or less duration4 ,you should stop at the comma about as long as you would be saying a word1 or while you can draw breath2 at the others you should stop a little longer1 but there can be no proper time fixed upon2 the sense and requirements of the sentence or clause must always determine4 ,it is usual to stop longer at each subsequent pause marked in the table1 than at the preceding one2 thus1 longer at the semicolon than the comma1 longer at the colon than the semicolon1 and so on4 ,this cannot be given as an invariable rule1 however1 due attention to the sense of the passage read being the best possible1 indeed1 the only way in which the proper duration of the pause can be determined4 ,,rhetorical ,,pauses are such as the sense requires1 though not marked by characters4 ,it will be at once perceived1 that the proper making of them is much more difficult to the young reader1 than those of which we have just spoken2 and yet1 if he desires to read with grace and elegance1 he cannot dispense with them4 ,we do not think that very young learners will be benefited much by studying rules for making rhetorical pauses1 7they can be made to understand their proper use and place more readily by a competent teacher17 but we give a few of the most useful and simple4 #a4 ,the rhetorical pause should be made after the subject1 or nominative1 if it consists of several words2 as--,to express this connection two marks are used4 ,the love of riches is not a virtue4 ,the experience of want enhances the value of plenty4 #b4 ,when the subject is an important word there should be a rhetorical pause made after it2 as--,charity like the sun brightens all its objects4 ,industry is the foundation of wealth4 ,god hath set him over us4 ,truth never changes4 #c4 ,the rhetorical pause should be made before and after clauses and similes2 as--,the hope which we have as an anchor of the soul4 ,and calm as a slumber they die4 ,hope the balm of life hath soothed us4 ,virtue like gold bears to be tried4 #d4 ,the rhetorical pause should be made after the objective in sentences of inverted construction2 as--,to my mother give my fond remembrance4 ,on all sides were carnage and death4 ,on ,linden when the sun was low4 ,on this side of the grave there is no real happiness4 #e4 ,a pause should generally be made before the relative pronoun2 as--,he who fears ,god may be trusted4 ,i have faith that ,i may have life4 ,i saw a man who begged his bread4 ,nobody loves him who loves only himself4 ,she gave me this book which ,i now hand to you4 #f4 ,a pause should generally be made before and after clauses introduced by prepositions2 as--,it is below me on his throne to sit4 ,work without show and without pomp presides4 ,they spoke to me of things which ,i had seen and of things which ,i had not seen4 ,from law arises security4 #g4 ,a pause should be made before many of the conjunctions and adverbs2 as--,honor and shame from no condition rise4 ,i fought not for but against ,csar4 ,hast so much wit and mirth and spleen about thee4 ,i stood among them not of them4 ,the region beyond the grave is not a solitary land4 ,i shall come whenever ,i can4 ,take heed lest ye fall4 ,watch and pray lest ye enter into temptation4 ,though he was learned yet he was modest4 ,,emphasis4 ,emphasis is a peculiar stress laid on words for the purpose of distinguishing them from1 or contrasting them with other words2 also for the purpose of drawing marked attention to any particular word4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,i spoke not for but against ,csar4 #b4 ,i did not say here but there4 #c4 ,you say he is honest4 ,there is not a more dishonest man in town4 #d4 ,i care not who is in or who is out4 #e4 ,we have offended against the lord already4 #f4 ,he who cannot bear a joke should not give a joke4 #g4 ,little minds are crushed by misfortune1 when great ones rise above it4 ,he raised a mortal to the skies1 she drew an angel down4 #h4 ,many mistake love of virtue for virtue4 ,emphasis is sometimes laid only on particular syllables of a word2 as-- #a4 ,what is said cannot be unsaid4 #b4 ,he will decrease but ,i will increase4 #c4 ,there is seldom convenience without inconvenience4 #d4 ,to do and to undo are common things4 ,emphasis is slight1 strong1 and vehement2 as-- #a4 ,let our motto be our country1 our ,,whole ,,country1 and ,,nothing ,,but ,,our ,,country4 #b4 ,my first argument is1 that the people demand it2 my second argument is1 that ,,the ,,people ,,demand ,,it2 my third argument is1 that ,,the ,,people ,,demand ,,it4 #c4 ,if ,i was an ,american as ,i am an ,englishman1 ,i would never lay down my arms--never1 ,,never1 ,,never4 #d4 ,the union1 it ,,shall and ,,must be preserved4 #e4 ,,rise arch of the ocean1 and queen of the west6 #f4 ,romeo1 ,,romeo1 wherefore art thou ,romeo8 ,the following admirable observations on ,,emphasis are worthy of attention4 8,in every sentence1 and clause of a sentence1 there is one or more words which require to be pronounced with a greater degree of force than the other words4 ,without knowing and marking the accented syllables in words1 we cannot give them their proper pronunciation2 nor can we bring out the full meaning of a sentence1 unless we know and mark the emphatic words4 ,the accented syllables of words we learn by imitating the pronunciation of correct speakers2 and by referring1 in cases of doubt1 to a dictionary in which they are given4 ,the emphatic words in a sentence we can only learn by knowing their relative importance in it1 and the precise meaning which the writer of it intended each of them to convey4 ,in fact1 if we know the meaning and drift of the sentence1 we shall have no difficulty in discovering the emphatic words4 ,in all such cases they are naturally and spontaneously suggested to us1 just as they are to persons uttering or speaking their own sentiments4 ,for even the most illiterate persons are sure1 when uttering their own sentiments1 to lay the proper emphasis on their words2 though they may1 and very often do1 give them the wrong accents4 ,if a laboring man1 for example1 were to say1 8,it is a spade1 and not a shovel that ,i want10 he would be sure to pronounce the words 8spade0 and 8shovel0 with a greater degree of force than the other words2 because he wishes to draw the particular attention of the person whom he addresses to the ideas or things which they represent4 ,had he merely said1 8,it is a spade ,i want10 he would nevertheless have pronounced the word 8spade0 emphatically1 because he wished it to be particularly understood that it was a spade1 and not any other implement1 such as a shovel1 that he wanted4 ,should he say1 8,is the spade broken80 he would pronounce the word 8broken0 emphatically2 because his object is to obtain precise information on that point4 ,but if he should say1 8,is it the spade that is broken80 he will lay the emphasis on the word 8spade10 and not upon 8broken20 because1 understanding that there is some implement broken1 he wishes to be informed whether it is the spade4 ,again1 should he say1 8,is it my spade that is broken80 he will lay the emphasis on the word 8my02 because he desires to know whether the spade that is broken is his or not4 ,should he ask1 8,who broke the spade80 he will lay the emphasis on the word 8who20 because1 being already aware that the spade is broken1 his object in making the inquiry is1 to learn the name of the person who broke it4 ,and1 lastly should he say1 8,how was the spade broken80 he will make 8how0 the emphatic word2 because1 in this case1 he wishes to be informed of the manner or way in which the accident occurred4 8,it is obvious from what has been said1 that if we understand the meaning of what we read1 in the same degree as a person understands the thoughts which he utters1 we shall1 like him1 naturally and spontaneously lay the emphasis on the proper words4 ,it is equally obvious1 that if we do not understand the meaning of what we read1 we shall either have to pronounce all the words with the same degree of force--which would be absurd--or to run the risk of perverting the meaning of the author1 by laying the emphasis on the wrong words4 ,the following sentence will exemplify this3--8,o fools and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have written concerning me40 ,if we perceive that the intention of our ,saviour was to reproach his disciples for their backwardness in believing1 we shall1 in reading it1 naturally lay the principal emphasis on the word 8slow40 ,but if we do not see that this was the object of the speaker1 the chances are we shall lay the emphasis on one of the other words1 and thus change or pervert the meaning4 ,for example1 if we lay the emphasis on 8believe10 it would imply that the disciples were reproached for believing2 if on 8all10 then the inference would be that they might have believed some of the things which the prophets had written1 but that it was foolish in them to believe all4 ,if we lay the emphasis on 8prophets10 it would imply that they might have believed others1 but that they were fools for believing the prophets2 if on 8written10 the inference would be1 that though they might have believed what the prophets had said1 it was foolish in them to believe what they had written2 and1 finally1 if we lay the emphasis on 8me10 it would imply that though they might have believed what the prophets had written concerning others1 yet they were fools for believing what they had written concerning the ,saviour4 ,even in the most familiar sentences1 illustrations of this may be found4 ,the simple question1 for example3 8,do you ride to town to-day80 may1 by varying the position of the emphasis1 be made to suggest as many different meanings as it contains words4 ,if we lay the emphasis on 8you10 we wish to ascertain from the person addressed1 whether it is he or some other person that is to ride to town to-day2 if on 8ride10 we mean to ask him whether he purposes to ride or walk2 if on 8town10 our purpose is to inquire whether it is to the town or to the country he means to ride2 and1 finally1 if we make 8to-day0 the emphatic word1 we wish him to say whether it is to-day or to-morrow he intends to ride to town4 ,even the preposition 8to10 if made emphatic1 would imply1 though obscurely1 that we wished the person addressed to say whether he intended to ride quite as far as the town1 or only part of the way4 8,we shall show1 by a few illustrations1 the power which ,,emphasis has over accent when the sense or meaning requires it3-- #a4 ,he must increase1 but ,i must decrease4 #b4 ,neither justice nor injustice has any thing to do with the matter4 #c4 ,what is done cannot be undone4 #d4 ,religion raises men above themselves1 irreligion sinks them below the brutes4 #e4 ,this corruptible must put on incorruption1 and this mortal must put on immortality4 #f4 ,to me it was far from being an agreeable surprise2 on the contrary1 it was a disagreeable one4 #g4 ,thought and language act and react upon each other4 #h4 ,what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness8 and what communion hath light with darkness8 #i4 ,i shall always make nature1 truth1 and reason1 the measures of praise and dispraise4 #aj4 ,a gentleman who was pressed by his friends to forgive his daughter1 who had married against his wishes1 promised to do so1 but added1 that he would have them remember that there was a difference between giving and forgiving4 8,in the preceding1 and in all similar cases1 the position of the accent is completely changed by the emphasis4 ,the reason is obvious3 the speaker wishes to draw the special attention of the person addressed to the contrasted parts of the words2 and hence he pronounces those parts or syllables emphatically1 the effect of which is1 in such cases1 to change the seat of the accent4 8,this transposition of the accent takes place also in words which have a sameness of termination1 even though they may not be directly opposed in sense2 as in the following examples3-- #a4 ,cataline was expert in all the arts of simulation and dissimulation2 covetous of what belonged to others1 lavish of his own4 #b4 ,in this species of composition1 plausibility is more essential than probability4 8,from what has been said with regard to emphasis1 we may draw the following general conclusion3 ,whenever a person wishes to bring an idea prominently or forcibly under the notice of the person or persons whom he addresses1 he will naturally and instinctively pronounce the word which expresses it with a corresponding degree of emphatic force4 ,the degree or intensity of the emphasis will1 of course1 depend upon the importance of the idea to be expressed1 the nature of the subject1 and the feelings or emotions of the speaker4 ,in some cases it will be slight1 in others strong1 and in others1 vehement or energetic2 and hence a good general division of emphasis1 with regard to its intensity1 might be into three degrees1 namely ,,slight1 ,,strong1 and ,,vehement4 ,of course1 there must be a great diversity in the degrees of emphasis1 from the slight to the vehement2 but the general divisions which we have suggested will be quite sufficient for practical purposes--and we have no other in view4 8,though in all properly constructed sentences1 every word is useful and necessary1 yet in every sentence the relative importance of the words must be different4 ,articles1 ,prepositions1 ,conjunctions1 and ,auxiliary ,verbs1 for example1 are less important in their significations than the words which they introduce or connect--as ,nouns1 ,verbs1 ,adjectives1 and ,adverbs4 ,and hence it may be laid down as a general rule1 that the less important words in a sentence should be pronounced with less of force and distinctness than the more important words4 ,and this1 as we have seen1 we always do in ,,speaking2 for it is to the more important words that we naturally desire to draw the special attention of the person or persons whom we address1 and not to the ancillary or subordinate words4 8,it may also be observed that ,pronouns1 though important parts of speech1 should be classed1 with regard to their pronunciation in a sentence1 with the less important words1 as ,articles1 ,prepositions1 and ,conjunctions4 ,the reason is obvious3 no new idea is introduced by a ,pronoun4 ,it stands for1 or represents1 a word which has been mentioned before1 and which is1 consequently1 already before the mind of the person addressed4 ,pronouns1 therefore1 should be always pronounced without emphasis1 unless when some contrast or opposition is intended4#c ,we shall illustrate this by a familiar sentence or two3-- ,if ,john is there1 ,i will thank yu to give hm this book--though1 perhaps1 ,i should give it to you1 and not to him4 ,yu are right2 it is to me you should give it4 ,you think so1 but ,i think differently2 and so1 ,i am sure1 does he4 8,in the foregoing sentences1 the pronouns printed in ,italic are emphatical1 because they are antithetical1 or opposed to each other2 while the other pronouns in the same sentence should be pronounced without emphasis1 because no contrast or opposition is intended4 8,in the same way1 any of the less important parts of speech may become emphatical2 as-- ,i told you to bring me the book1 not a book4 ,you were told to put the book on the table--not under it4 ,it was and ,i said--not or4 8,from what has been said with regard to emphasis1 it is evident that all antithetic or contrasted words are emphatic2 and in fact1 it is usual to consider such words only as emphatic4 ,mr4 ,walker1 and his followers1 for example1 hold that in every case of emphasis there is an antithesis expressed or implied2 and that it never can be proper to give emphatic force to a word unless it stands opposed in sense to some other word expressed or understood4#d ,but this is to take too narrow a view of emphasis4 ,there are other sources of it besides contrast or antithetic relation4 ,there may be absolute1 as well as antithetic emphasis4 ,for example1 if the idea to be communicated is of peculiar or paramount importance in itself1 the word expressing it should be pronounced with a corresponding degree of emphatic force2 and this a person speaking his own sentiments will naturally do1 particularly if he is under the influence of passion or emotion4 ,it is evident1 too1 that this kind of emphasis may extend to several words in succession1 and even to whole clauses of sentences4 ,this kind of emphasis ,mr4 ,walker himself admits under the head of 8,general ,emphasis40 ,the following are examples3-- #a4 ,what men could do ,is done already3 heaven and earth will witness1 ,if ,rome must fall1 that we are innocent4 #b4 ,there was a time1 then1 my fellow citizens1 when the ,lacedmonians were sovereign masters both by sea and land2 when their troops and forts surrounded the entire circuit of ,attica2 when they possessed ,euba1 ,tanagra1 the whole ,botian district1 ,megara1 gina1 ,cleone1 and other islands2 while this state had not one ship--no1 not--one--wall4 #c4 ,or shall ,i--who was born ,i might almost say1 but certainly brought up1 in the tent of my father--that most excellent general6--shall ,i the conqueror of ,spain and ,gaul1 and not only of the ,alpine nations1 but what is greater yet1 of the ,alps themselves--shall ,i compare myself with this half-year-captain1--a captain--before whom1 should one place the two armies without their ensigns1 ,i am persuaded he would not know to which of them he is consul4 8,it is usual to subdivide ,antithetic ,emphasis into ,single1 ,double1 and ,treble ,emphasis2#e and to give rules for the proper pronunciation of emphatic words in each case4 ,but the simple principles we have adopted render all such rules superfluous2 for in all cases of antithesis the antithetic terms must be either expressed or understood2 if they are expressed1 which is usually the case1 there can be no difficulty with regard to emphasis2 for when the words which are opposed to each other in the sentence are expressed in it1 the mind instantly perceives the opposition between them and the voice instinctively marks it in the pronunciation4 ,the following are examples3-- ,,single ,,emphasis4 #a4 ,study not so much to show knowledge as to acquire it4 #b4 ,he that cannot bear a jest should not make one4 #c4 ,we think less of the injuries we do1 than of those we suffer4 #d4 ,it is not so easy to hide one's faults1 as to mend them4 #e4 ,the fault1 dear ,brutus1 is not in our stars1 ,but in ourselves1 that we are underlings4 ,,double ,,emphasis4 #a4 ,to err is human2 to forgive1 divine4 #b4 ,custom is the plague of wise men1 and the idol of fools4 #c4 ,the prodigal robs his heir1 the miser robs himself4 #d4 ,the pleasures of the imagination are not so gross as those of sense1 nor so refined as those of the understanding4 #e4 ,grief is the counter passion of joy4 ,the one arises from agreeable1 and the other from disagreeable events--the one from pleasure1 and the other from pain--the one from good1 and the other from evil4 #f4 ,one sun by day--by night ten thousand shine4 #g4 ,the foulest stain and scandal of our nature ,became its boast--one murder makes a villain1 ,millions a hero4 ,,treble ,,emphasis4 #a4 ,he raised a mortal to the skies1 ,she drew an angel down4 #b4 ,a friend cannot be known in prosperity2 and an enemy cannot be hidden in adversity4 #c4 ,the difference between a madman and a fool1 is that the former reasons justly from false data2 and the latter erroneously from just data4 #d4 ,flowers of rhetoric in sermons or serious discourses are like the blue and red flowers in corn1 pleasing to those who come only for amusement1 but prejudicial to him who would reap the profit4 #e4 ,had you rather ,csar were living1 and die all slaves1 ,than that ,csar were dead1 to live all freemen8 8,in such cases as the preceding1 it is obvious that there can be no difficulty with regard to ,,emphasis2 because the words which are opposed to each other in the sentence are expressed4 ,but when only one of the contrasted terms is expressed1 as in the following examples1 the careless or injudicious reader is apt to overlook its antithetic import1 and will consequently fail to give it the emphatic pronunciation which is necessary to bring out the full meaning of the sentence4 #a4 ,a child might understand it4 ,the antithesis implied or suggested in this sentence is obviously--not merely a man or a person of mature judgment1 but even a child4 #b4 ,exercise and temperance will strengthen even an indifferent constitution4 ,that is1 not merely an ordinary or good constitution1 but even an indifferent one4 #c4 ,he that runs may read4 ,that is1 not merely a person who walks1 and who has therefore leisure to observe1 but even he that runs4 #d4 ,we know the passions of men3 we know how dangerous it is to trust the best of men with too much power4 ,that is1 not merely bad or ordinary men1 but even the best of men4 #e4 ,tubal4 ,one of them showed me a ring which he had of your daughter for a monkey4 ,shylock4 ,out upon her6 ,thou torturest me1 ,tubal3 it was my turquoise1--,i would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys4 ,that is1 so far from giving it for one monkey1 ,i would not have given it for a whole wilderness of monkeys4 #f4 ,can a ,roman senate long debate ,which of the two to choose1 slavery or death6 ,that is1 other senates may1 but can a ,roman one8 #g4 ,curse not the king1 no1 not in thy thought4 ,that is1 not merely in words or audibly1 but even in thy thought4 #h4 ,and think not to say among yourselves1 ,we have ,abraham to our father3 for ,i say unto you1 ,that ,god is able of these stones to raise up children unto ,abraham4 ,that is1 not merely from the seed or descendants of ,abraham1 but even from these stones4 #i4 ,by the faculty of a lively and picturesque imagination1 a man in a dungeon is capable of entertaining himself with scenes and landscapes1 more beautiful than any that can be found in the whole compass of nature4 ,that is1 not only when he is absent from beautiful scenes1 but even in a dungeon4 #aj4 ,a man of a polite imagination is let in to a great many pleasures that the vulgar are not capable of receiving2 he can converse with a picture1 and find an agreeable companion in a statue4 ,that is1 he can converse even with a picture1 and find an agreeable companion even in a statue1 which are pleasures unknown to the vulgar or uneducated4 8,it is obvious1 that in each of the preceding examples there is an antithesis implied or understood2 and the only rule necessary in such cases is1 to pronounce the words which imply it with such a degree of emphatic force as will best bring out the full meaning of the sentence4 ,and this every reader will naturally do1 if he keeps in mind1 and puts into practice1 the great and fundamental rule for ,,good ,,reading1 namely1 ,understand what you read1 and read it as if you understood it40 ,,inflection4 ,in speaking or reading1 the voice must either rise or fall1 if it do not continue in the same uniform tone4 ,this rising and falling1 or upward and downward sliding of the voice1 is called ,,inflection4 ,when the voice rises1 it is1 of course1 called the rising inflection1 and when it falls1 the falling inflection4 ,when the voice1 instead of either rising or falling1 continues during the utterance of several words in the same tone1 it is called a monotone4 ,that falling of the tone which usually takes place at the end of a sentence or paragraph is termed a cadence4 ,the voice sometimes rises and falls1 or falls and rises1 on the same word or syllable4 ,this is called a circumflex4 ,the inflections are generally marked thus3 ,rising ,inflection1 77 ,falling ,inflection1 77 ,cadence1 77 ,circumflex1 77 ,the following rules will assist the learner in determining the inflections4 ,they are as few and as simple as possible1 and can be understood with very little effort1 particularly by the aid of a competent teacher4 ,i4 ,whenever the voice must be suspended without the sense being complete1 the rising inflection should be used4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,no man can rise above the infirmities of nature1 unless he is assisted by ,god4 #b4 ,to acquire knowledge is the duty of man4 #c4 ,shame being lost1 all virtue is lost4 #d4 ,fathers1 ,senators of ,rome1 arbiters of nations1 to you ,i fly for refuge4 #e4 ,poor were the expectations of the modest1 the virtuous1 and the good1 if the reward of their labors were expected only from man4 #f4 ,an honest man1 7as the poet has said17 is the noblest work of ,god4 ,,ii4 ,at the end of a sentence1 and in all places where the sense is complete1 the falling inflection should be used4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,peace will soon be established2 confidence will come with peace2 capital will follow confidence2 employment will increase with capital2 education will be diffused1 and virtue will grow with education4 #b4 ,it is of the last importance to season the passions of a child with devotion2 which seldom dies in a mind that has received an early tincture of it4 #c4 ,temperance1 by fortifying the mind and body1 leads to happiness4 #d4 ,sincerity is to speak as we think1 to do as we pretend and profess1 to perform and make good what we promise1 and really to be what we appear to be4 #e4 ,the consequences of intemperance are disgrace1 poverty1 disease1 and premature death4 #f4 ,i could not treat a dog ill4 ,unkindness seldom produces other than evil effects4 ,,iii4 ,when a question is asked by an interrogative word1 the word which asks the question1 as well as all other important words in the question1 takes the falling inflection4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,what will you do in the day of visitation8 #b4 ,whereby shall ,i know this8 ,how shall the manifestation be made8 #c4 ,who do men say that ,i am8 ,whom do they represent me to be8 #d4 ,who is here so brave that he would be a bondman8 #e4 ,what have ,i done that you should give me this cruel treatment8 #f4 ,why bendest thou in storm2 why lower thy head8 ,,iv4 ,when a question is asked commencing with a verb1 the previous rule is reversed1 and all the important words in the question1 particularly the last1 take the rising inflection4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,is the wind blowing8 ,is the sun shining8 ,is it raining8 ,is it snowing8 #b4 ,do ,i love8 dost thou love8 do we love8 #c4 ,are you cold8 ,is he poor8 ,is she vain8 #d4 ,has he not involved himself by his improvidence8 #e4 ,has that poor man been cheated8 has his poverty been no protection8 ,,exception4--,when the question defies contradiction1 and is only interrogatory in form1 being really an assertion1 the falling inflection is used3 as-- #f4 ,are not the happy rare8 ,are not the good the most happy8 #g4 ,does he not possess this world's goods as if he possessed them not8 #h4 ,how few can we find whose activity has not been misapplied8 ,v4--,words that are contrasted with one another have opposite inflections2 and answers have1 generally1 opposite inflections to the questions4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,we see the mote in another's eye1 but cannot discern the beam in our own4 #b4 ,he strikes others but hurts himself4 #c4 ,we should judge by the heart rather than the head4 #d4 ,did he act justly or unjustly8 ,he acted justly1 not unjustly4 #e4 ,did he say true or untrue4 ,he said true1 not untrue4 #f4 ,i am more inclined to be glad than sorry1 to love than to hate1 to make friends than to deserve foes1 to be a good friend than a bad enemy4 ,,vi4--,when words express pity1 joy1 or grief1 they take the rising inflection2 and in all language expressive of tender emotion the rising inflection predominates4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,oh dear me4 ,oh gentle sleep1 nature's soft nurse4 #b4 ,pity1 kind gentlemen1 friends of humanity4 #c4 ,oh1 my lord1 let me speak a word in thy ear4 #d4 ,i am thy father--oh1 my son6 my son6 #e4 ,poor ,mary4 ,how my heart bled to see her anguish1 when she looked upon her departed child4 #f4 ,oh that ,i knew how ,i could console her1 how ,i could bring peace to her mind4 ,,vii4--,when words express denunciation1 reproach1 violent passion1 or dignified emotion1 they take the falling inflection4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,you wrong me every way--you wrong me1 ,brutus4 #b4 ,revenge1 revenge1 ,timotheus cries4 #c4 ,let no man dare speak ill of my departed father4 #d4 ,oh wretched man4 ,oh unhappy sinner4 #e4 ,wretch that ,i am1 where shall ,i go8 #f4 ,avaunt and quit my sight4 ,let the earth hide thee4 ,begone6 #g4 ,what a splendid piece of workmanship is man4 #h4 ,behold the child of purity arrayed in her innocence4 #i4 ,oh1 dearest to my soul--now gone1 alas1 from my sight4 ,woe is me1 that my sojourning is prolonged4 ,,viii4--,in a commencing series1 of three or four numbers1 the last number or numbers of the series1 and in a concluding series1 the last but one1 generally takes the rising inflection1 and all the other take the falling inflection4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,honor1 virtue1 and truth1 distinguish him4 #b4 ,he is distinguished by honor1 virtue1 and truth4 #c4 ,hatreds1 dissentions1 discords1 and wars are produced by ambition4 #d4 ,you have a friend who will pity1 support1 defend1 and relieve you4 #e4 ,the wind and rain are over2 calm is the morn of day2 the clouds are divided in heaven2 over the green hills flies the inconstant sun4 #f4 ,a true friend unbosoms freely1 advises justly1 assists readily1 takes all patiently1 and continues a friend unchangeably4 #g4 ,a good disposition1 virtuous principles1 a liberal education1 and industrious habits1 are passports to happiness and honor4 #h4 ,happiness and honor are the reward of a good disposition1 virtuous principles1 a liberal education1 and industrious habits4 #i4 ,if you look about you1 and consider the lives of others as well as your own2 if you think how few are born with honor1 and how many die without name or children2 how little beauty we see1 and how few friends we hear of2 how many diseases and how much poverty there is in the world1 you will admire1 instead of repining at ,god's providence4 ,,circumflex ,,inflection4 ,in a circumflex the voice is made to bend so that it falls and rises1 or rises and falls1 during the utterance of a single sound4 ,circumflex inflection is used in expression of bitter irony or reproach4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,they offer us their protection4 ,ys1 sch protection as vltures give to lmbs--covering and devouring them4 #b4 ,gone to be mrried6 gone to swar a pace6 gone to be frends6 #c4 ,he dres not touch a hir of ,cataline4 #d4 ,i may do what ,i shall be sorry for4 ,you hve done what you shold be sorry for4 #e4 ,so this is yu4 ,how gld ,i am to meet so tre a friend4 ,,monotone4 ,in a monotone the voice neither rises nor falls during the utterance of a succession of words4 ,it is generally used in pronouncing grand and solemn passages4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,the bell strikes one4 ,we take no note of time but from its loss4 ,to give it1 then1 a tongue is wise in man4 ,as if an angel spoke1 ,i feel the solemn sound4 ,if heard aright1 it is the knell of my departed hours4 #b4 ,who would fardells bear1 ,to groan and sweat under a weary life1 ,but that the dread of something after death ,that undiscovered country from whose bourne ,no traveler returns1--puzzles the will ,and makes us rather bear the ills we have ,than fly to others which we know not of4 #c4 ,i flew towards her2 my arms were already unclosed to clasp her1 when1 suddenly1 her figure changed--her face grew pale--a stream of blood gushed from her bosom4 ',twas ,evelina4 #d4 ,the cloud-capped towers1 the gorgeous palaces1 ,the solemn temples1 the great globe itself-- ,yea1 all which it inherit shall dissolve1 ,and1 like the baseless fabric of a vision1 ,leave not a wreck behind4 ,,parenthesis ,,and ,,parenthetical ,,clauses4 ,a parenthesis is an explanatory clause introduced into a sentence4 ,parenthesis might be omitted in reading without injuring the grammatical construction of the sentence4 ,the tone employed in reading parenthetical clauses1 should1 generally1 be lower than that in which the other parts of the sentence are read4 ,the monotone is most suitable for parenthesis1 but when inflections are used1 as they sometimes are in short clauses1 the inflection should be the same as that used at the pause immediately preceding the parenthesis1 which is generally the rising inflection4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,remember 7continued she with a sigh7 your dear absent friend4 #b4 ,know then1 this truth1 7enough for man to know17 ,virtue alone is happiness below4 #c4 ,nothing can be great the contemplation of which is not great 7says ,longinus74 #d4 ,on the one hand1 are the divine approbation and immortal honor2 on the other1 7remember and beware17 are the stings of conscience and endless infamy4 #e4 ,gentlemen1 if ,i make out this case by evidence1 7and if ,i do not1 forget every thing you have heard1 and reproach me for having abused your honest feelings17 ,i have established a claim for damages that has no parallel in the annals of fashionable intrigue4 ,the expressions said ,i1 continued he1 so to speak1 then1 except1 nevertheless1 therefore1 yet1 notwithstanding1 etc41 are read in a lower tone1 like parenthesis1 and with the falling inflection1 as3 ,justice1 said he1 will carry it4 ,though he was rich1 yet1 for our sakes he became poor4 ,though deep1 yet clear2 though gentle1 yet not dull4 ,i love every one of them1 except the old crone4 ,he was1 so to speak1 the lion of the tribe4 ,,tone4 ,tone differs from accent and emphasis1 but may be said to be nearly allied to inflection4 ,tone is not confined to words1 but to whole passages1 and is intended to convey to the minds of the hearers the passions and feelings which are supposed to have influenced the writer or speaker4 ,nothing can contribute more to beautiful and expressive reading than the use of the tones most suitable to the matter read4 ,nor is the correct language of emotion1 the appropriate sound with which certain passages should be uttered1 of very difficult attainment4 ,the smallest child finds tones to express its various feelings1 and there can be no great difficulty in the reader's ascertaining the emotions under which the author spoke or wrote1 and making his tones such as give best expression to those emotions4 ,but in this1 as in other matters1 there should be moderation4 ,every thing artificial and theatrical should1 in reading ordinary compositions1 be avoided4 ,we recommend ,murray's rule to the learner3 8,in reading1 let your tones of expression be borrowed from those of common speech1 but1 in some degree1 more faintly characterized4 ,let those tones which signify any disagreeable passion of the mind be more faint than those which indicate agreeable emotion2 and1 on all occasions1 preserve yourselves from being so far affected with the subject as to be able to proceed through it with an easy and masterly manner1 which has its good effects in this as well as in every other art40 ,,expression ,,and ,,energy4 ,the following observations on ,expression and ,energy are taken from ,vandenhoff's 8,plain ,system of ,elocution30 ,,expression4 8,expression is the modulating or regulating the organ of the voice to tones of gentleness or force1 according to the nature and degree of feeling1 or passion1 expressed in words4 ,expression is the natural language of emotion4 ,it is1 in ,elocution1 to a certain extent1 a vocal imitation of passion4 ,but this must be done without 8aggravating the voice0 7as ,bottom has it47 ,it is a grace which requires the nicest management2 and cannot be achieved but with the best cultivation of ear and voice2 in order to catch and re-echo the tones of the heart to the ears and hearts of others4 8,expression1 therefore1 is a refinement on ,intonation3 they go hand in hand3 we cannot think of the one without the other4 ,intonation gives the voice volume and power2 expression uses and adopts it to the feeling of the moment4 ,,energy4 8,energy is intimately allied to the two preceding graces of ,elocution2 to which it adds force1 intensity1 and earnestness4 ,as ,expression is variety of ,intonation1 ,energy may be called the ,emphasis of ,expression4 8,it is the life1 the soul1 the animating spirit4 ,without it1 the speaker may be correct1 and even agreeable1 by a due observance of rule2 but if he lack energy1 he will be listened to without interest2 his voice will fall powerless on the ear1 and neither 8awake the senses10 nor 8stir the blood40 8,energy1 it is true1 depends somewhat on individual temperament and constitution4 ,but even where natural or physical energy is deficient1 an energetic manner may be acquired by practice and exercise under judicious direction2 just as the muscular powers may be improved1 and bodily vigor increased1 even in a feeble frame1 under a course of training and well-regulated exercise4 8,even in narration1 what force1 what reality can be given to a description by a speaker who1 as it were1 throws himself into the scene1 and by the vivacity and energy of his delivery brings the action graphically before your eyes1 hurries you into the heat of it1 and makes you feel as if personally engaged in what is so stirringly related to you as in that beautiful description1 in ,shakspeare's ,henry ,,iv41 of the gallant ,prince ,henry and his comrades armed for battle3 8,all furnish'd1 all in arms1 ,glitt'ring in golden coats like images2 ,as full of spirit as the month of ,may1 ,and gorgeous as the sun at midsummer2 ,wanton as youthful goats1 wild as young bulls4 ,i saw young ,harry1--with his beaver on1 ,his cuises on his thighs1 gallantly arm'd1-- ,rise from the ground like feathered ,mercury1 ,and vaulted with such ease into his seat1 ,as if an angel dropp'd down from the clouds1 ,to turn and wind a fiery ,pegasus1 ,and witch the world with noble horsemanship6 8,unless this description1 full of poetic imagination and coloring as it is1 be delivered with warmth1 energy1 and a tone of enthusiasm1 it will fall very short of its due impression2 and thus the poet will be deprived1 by the speaker's coldness1 of the full appreciation1 by the hearer1 of the exquisite beauty of the picture4 8,but the force of his elocution must be greatly increased1 and the expression must be changed1 become impassioned1 and raised almost to fierceness1 to produce the full effect of ,hotspur's heroic and inspiring answer3 which breaths the highest enthusiasm of confident and daring valor1 undaunted resolution1 and impatient thirst of glory4 8,it must therefore be marked with all the energy that the reader can command4 ,,hotspur',s ,,eagerness ,,for ,,battle4 ,let them come6 ,they come like sacrifices in their trim1 ,and to the fire-eyed maid of smoky war1 ,all hot1 and bleeding1 will we offer them6 ,the mailed ,mars shall on his altar sit ,up to the ears in blood4 ,i am on fire1 ,to hear this rich reprisal is so nigh1 ,and yet not ours6 ,come1 let me take my horse1 ,which is to bear me like a thunderbolt ,against the bosom of the ,prince of ,wales3 ,harry to ,harry shall1 hot horse to horse1 ,meet1 and ne'er part till one drop down a corse6 8,thus we see that ,intonation1 ,energy1 and ,expression are kindred graces3 united and embodied in full force and with just discrimination1 they reach the climax of the power of ,elocution1 the acm of its art--,,passion4 8,in conclusion1 ,i take leave to add1 that ,i shall indeed feel proud if this feeble attempt of mine may have the effect of awaking the reader's interest1 exciting1 and in some degree aiding him in the cultivation of an art1 on which the ,orator's success so much depends40 ,,on ,,reading ,,of ,,verse4 ,the following remarks on reading verse are by the same writer3 8,in the reading of verse1 we must observe #a4 ,time and rhythm4 #b4 ,melody and cadence4 8#a4 ,by time1 ,i mean the regulation of the pulsation and movement of sound by the voice1 to the regulated metrical accentuation 7or rhythm71 and construction of the verse4 8,time and rhythm are therefore inseparable and mutually dependent3 one belongs to the ,poet1 the other to the ,elocutionist4 8,english verse consists of the arrangement at regular intervals of accented and unaccented--or1 heavy and light--syllables4 ,this regular arrangement makes the rhythm of the verse3 the number of syllables employed in a line makes the metre of the verse4 8,now if1 in reading verse1 we do not regularly mark the pulsation of the accented syllables1--according to their arrangement in the rhythm--at due intervals of sound1 we shall break the rhythm by reading out of time4 8,for example1 in the ,ode of ,dryden1 on ,cecilia's ,day1 occurs this couplet2 which ,i now mark according to the regular rhythmical division and accentuation4 ,on the bare earth exposed he lies ,with not a friend to close his eyes4 8,but to read the first line of the couplet thus1 7accenting the and not accenting bare7 would be to sacrifice all the force of the line1 in order to produce an unmeaning sing-song by equipulsation of sound4 8,we must1 therefore1 by art1 reconcile the strength of the line with the music of the verse2 and thus divide and accent it in delivery4 ,on the bare earth exposed he lies4 8,sometimes the poet himself will1 purposely1 break the regularity of his rhythm for expression and effect2 the ,elocutionist1 in such cases1 must aid that effect by marking and timing the pulsation of sound accordingly4 ,as in the following lines from ,pope3 #a4 ,smooth flow the waves1 the zephyrs gently play4 #b4 ,wide and more wide the floating rings advance1 ,fill all the wat'ry plain1 and to the margin dance4 #c4 ,amphion there the loud creating lyre ,strikes1 and behold a sudden ,thebes aspire6 #d4 ,fame sits aloft1 and points them out their course4 #e4 ,bright as the sun1 her eyes the gazers strike4 #f4 ,all are but parts of one stupendous whole1 ,whose body ,nature is1 and ,god the soul2 ,that chang'd through all1 and yet is all the same1 ,great in the earth1 as in the ethereal frame1 ,warms in the sun1 refreshes in the breeze1 ,glows in the stars1 and blossoms in the trees1 ,lives thro' all life1 extends through all extent1 ,spreads undivided1 operates unspent1 ,breathes in our soul1 informs our mortal part1 c4 8,the ,italicised words indicate the departure from the regular rhythm in these lines2 most of which commence with a heavy syllable1 for force and effect4 ,this the reader must mark by pulsation of voice1--a prolongation of sound1 or a rest1 on the commencing heavy syllable1 with a lighter enunciation of the succeeding unaccented syllables4 8,the occurrence of several successive unaccented syllables1 lessening the due number of accents in any line1 must be balanced by a short rest to supply the place of the deficient accent 7as in the #eth and #fth lines of the #fth example47 ,by these means the due time of the verse will be preserved1 and its movement will echo1 7as it were17 or1 at all events1 aid and strengthen the sense4 8,the above verses will accordingly be read with the division and accentuation following3 #a4 ,smooth flow the waves1 the zephyrs gent ly play4 #b4 ,wide and more wide the float ing rings advance1 ,fill all the wat 'ry plain1 and to the mar gin dance4 #c4 ,amphi on there the loud crea ting lyre ,strikes1 and behold a sud den ,thebes aspire6 #d4 ,fame sits aloft1 and points them out their course4 #e4 ,bright as the sun1 her eyes the ga zers strike4 #f4 ,all are but parts of one stupen dous whole1 ,whose bod y ,na ture is1 and ,god the soul2 ,that chang'd thro' all1 and yet in all the same1 ,great in the earth1 as in the ethe real frame1 ,warms in the sun1 refresh es in the breeze1 ,glows in the stars1 and blos soms in the trees1 c4 ,,rests ,,in ,,verse4 8,there is another point1 which properly comes under the head of time1 in rhythmical reading1 and the due observance of which is essential to the melody of verse3 that is the rests or pauses peculiar to verse1 viz43 ,,the ,c,,sural ,,rest1 to divide the line2 and ,,the ,,rest ,,at ,,the ,,close of each line4 8,the duration of each of these pauses or rests is equal to that of the short rhetorical pause2 subject1 of course1 to be increased by the pause of sense4 8#8,the csural pause may fall1' says ,blair1 #8in heroic verse1 after the fourth1 the fifth1 the sixth1 or the seventh syllable4' 8,the placing it is the poet's business3 it is the ,elocutionist's to mark it in delivery4 ,but if its introduction would be absolutely repugnant to sense and just elocution1 the poet must bear the fault1 and his line lose some portion of its melody by the omission2 for sense cannot be sacrificed to sound4 8,the rest at the end of the line suggests itself1 and must not be omitted3 the sense will most frequently enforce it2 when it does not1 a rest must nevertheless be made by a suspension of voice at the end of each line1 equal to the short pause in ,elocution4 ,,example4 ,achilles' wrath1 to ,greece the direful spring ,of woes unnumbered1 heav'nly goddess sing6 ,,exercises4 8,the following verses in heroic measure--that is1 consisting of ten syllables to each line1 the syllables being 7with occasional variations1 which are allowed7 alternately light and heavy--,i have marked with the csural pause and rest at the end of the line4 ,let the student read them aloud1 marking these pauses1 and duly observing time1 rhythm1 and poetical intonation4 ,,the ,,temple ,,of ,,fame4--,pope4 ,four faces had the dome1 and every face ,of various structure but of equal grace6 ,four brazen gates on columns lifted high1 ,salute the different quarters of the sky4 ,here fabled chiefs1 in darker ages born1 ,or worthies old1 whom arms or arts adorn1 ,who cities rais'd1 or tam'd a monstrous race1 ,the walls1 in venerable order1 grace3 ,heroes in animated marble frown1 ,and legislators seem to speak in stone4 ,westward a sumptuous frontispiece appear'd ,on ,doric pillars of white marble rear'd1 ,crown'd with an architrave of antique mould1 ,and sculpture rising on the roughen'd gold4 ,in shaggy spoils here ,theseus was beheld1 ,and ,perseus1 dreadful with ,minerva's shield3 ,there great ,alcides1 stooping with his toil1 ,rests on his club1 and holds th' ,hesperian spoil3 ,here ,orpheus sings2 trees wooing to the sound1 ,start from their roots1 and form a shade around3 ,amphion there the loud creating lyre ,strikes1 and behold a sudden ,thebes aspire6 ,cythron's echoes answer to his call1 ,and half the mountain rolls into a wall3 ,there might ye see the lengthening spires ascend1 ,the dome swell up1 the widening arches bend1 ,the growing towers like exultations rise1 ,and the huge columns heave into the skies4 ,,melody and ,,cadence require that in reading poetry the inflections be more smooth1 or less angular1 than in prose4 ,to make the inflections as sharp as they often are in ordinary composition1 would interfere with that easy and graceful flow which is the chief charm of poetical composition4 ,but while cadence adds much to the beauty of poetical expression1 it must not be carried so far as to supersede the just inflection and emphasis which the sense demands4 ,to do so1 would be to give to the reading a sing-song tone and sameness1 both unmeaning and disagreeable4 ,melody may be said to relate to the whole verse in poetry2 cadence applies only to the closing line or phrase4 #c ,pronouns used as antecedents1 and also relatives1 when their antecedents are not expressed1 should obviously be pronounced with a certain degree of emphatic force2 as1 8,he that runs may read40 8,who seeks for glory often finds a grave40 8,what man has done1 man can do40 #d ,the following is ,mr4 ,j4 ,sheridan ,knowles's account of emphasis3--8,,emphasis is of two kinds1 absolute and relative4 ,relative emphasis has always an antithesis expressed or implied3 absolute emphasis takes place when the peculiar eminence of the thought is solely1 singly considered4 ',twas base and poor1 unworthy of a peasant1 ,to forge a scroll so villainous and loose1 ,and mark it with a noble lady's name4 ,here we have an example of relative emphasis2 for1 if the thought were expressed at full1 it would stand thus3--,unworthy not only of a gentleman1 but of a peasant4 ',twas base and poor1 unworthy of a man1 ,to forge a scroll so villainous and loose1 ,and mark it with a noble lady's name4 ,here we have an example of absolute emphasis2 for1 if the thought were expressed at full1 it would stand thus3--,unworthy a being composed of such perfections as constitute a man40 ,mr4 ,knowles adds3 8,i apprehend that1 notwithstanding all that has been written on the subject1 the true definition of emphasis remains still to be discovered40 #e ,single emphasis1 is when there is one pair of words opposed to each other in a sentence2 ,double emphasis1 when there are two pairs2 and ,treble1 when there are three4 ,,part ,,second4 ,illustration ,i4--,,teaching ,,and ,,character ,,of ,,jesus ,,christ4 ,,chateaubriand4 ,among the ,french writers of the nineteenth century1 ,chateaubriand has been one of the most distinguished4 ,his 8,genius of ,christianity0 is a remarkably brilliant and eloquent work4 #a4 ,,jesus ,,christ appears among men full of grace and truth2 the authority and the mildness of ,his precepts#f are irresistible4 ,he comes to heal the most unhappy of mortals1 and all ,his wonders are for the wretched4 ,in order to inculcate#g ,his doctrine1 ,he chooses the apologue1#h or parable1 which is easily impressed#i on the minds of the people4 ,while walking in the fields1 ,he gives ,his divine lessons4 #b4 ,when surveying the flowers that adorn the mead1 ,he exhorts ,his disciples to put their trust in ,providence1 who supports the feeble plants1 and feeds the birds of the air2 when ,he beholds the fruits of the earth1 ,he teaches them to judge of men by their works2 an infant is brought to ,him1 and ,he recommends innocence2 being among shepherds1 ,he gives ,himself the appellation of the ,good ,shepherd1 and represents ,himself as bringing back the lost sheep to the fold4 #c4 ,in ,spring ,he takes ,his seat upon the mountain1 and draws from the surrounding objects instruction for the multitude sitting at ,his feet4 ,from the very sight of this multitude1 composed of the poor and the unfortunate1 ,he deduces ,his beatitudes4 ,blessed are those that weep--blessed are they that hunger and thirst4 ,such as observe ,his precepts1 and those that slight them1 are compared to two men who build houses1 the one upon a rock1 and the other upon the sand4 ,when ,he asks the woman of ,samaria for drink1 ,he expounds unto her ,his heavenly doctrine1 under the beautiful image of a well of living water4 #d4 ,his character was amiable1 open1 and tender1 and ,his charity unbounded4 ,the evangelist gives us a complete and admirable idea of it in these few words3 ,he went about doing good4 ,his resignation to the will of ,god is conspicuous#aj in every moment of ,his life2 ,he loved and felt the sentiment of friendship3 the man whom ,he raised from the tomb1 ,lazarus1 was ,his friend2 it was for the sake of the noblest sentiment of life that ,he performed the greatest of ,his miracles4 #e4 ,in ,him the love of country may find a model4 8,o1 ,jerusalem1 ,jerusalem10 ,he exclaimed1 at the idea of the judgments which threatened that guilty city1 8how often would ,i have gathered thy children together1 even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings1 and ye would not60 ,casting ,his sorrowful eyes from the top of a hill over this city1 doomed for her crimes to a signal destruction1 ,he was unable to restrain ,his tears3 8,he beheld the city10 says the evangelist1 8and wept over it40 ,his tolerance#aa was not less remarkable3 when ,his disciples begged him to command fire to come down from heaven on a village of ,samaria1 which had denied ,him hospitality1 ,he replied with indignation1 8,ye know not what manner of spirit ye are of40 #f ,,pre-,,cepts1 commands1 rules or directions for moral guidance4 #g ,,in-,,cul-,,cate1 to urge1 or enforce4 #h ,,ap-,o-,,logue 7log71 a parable1 a moral fable4 #i ,,im-,,press1 to fix deep1 to imprint4 #aj ,,con-,,spic-,,uous1 plain1 manifest1 evident4 #aa ,,tol-,,er-,,ance1 patient endurance1 indulgence4 ,,ii4--,,little ,,at ,,first1 ,,but ,,great ,,at ,,last #a4 ,a traveler through a dusty road1 ,strewed#ab acorns on the lea1#ac ,and one took root1 and sprouted up1 ,and grew into a tree4 ,love sought its shade at evening time1 ,to breathe its early vows1 ,and ,age was pleased1 in heat of noon1 ,to bask#ad beneath its boughs4 ,the dormouse loved its dangling twigs2 ,the birds sweet music bore2 ,it stood a glory in its place-- ,a blessing evermore4 #b4 ,a little spring had lost its way ,amid the grass and fern3 ,a passing stranger scooped a well1 ,where weary men might turn2 ,he walled it in1 and hung with care ,a ladle at the brink2 ,he thought not of the deed he did1 ,but judged that ,toil might drink4 ,he passed again--and lo6 the well1 ,by summers never dried1 ,had cooled ten thousand parching tongues1 ,and saved a life beside4 #c4 ,a dreamer dropped a random#ae thought2 ',twas old1 and yet 'twas new-- ,a simple fancy of the brain1 ,but strong in being true3 ,it shone upon a genial#af mind1 ,and lo6 its light became ,a lamp of life1 a beacon#ag ray1 ,a monitory#ah flame4 ,the thought was small--its issue#ai great2 ,a watch-fire on the hill1 ,it sheds its radiance#bj far adown1 ,and cheers the valley still6 #d4 ,a nameless man1 amid a crowd ,that thronged the daily mart1#ba ,let fall a word of hope and love1 ,unstudied1 from the heart2 ,a whisper on the tumult thrown-- ,a transitory#bb breath-- ,it raised a brother from the dust2 ,it saved a soul from death4 ,oh germ6 oh fount6 oh word of love6 ,oh thought at random cast6 ,ye were but little at the first1 ,but mighty at the last6 #ab ,,strewed1 sowed1 scattered4 #ac ,,lea1 open land1 meadow land4 #ad ,,bask1 repose1 recline4 #ae ,,ran-,,dom1 at hazard2 without aim or purpose4 #af ,,ge-,,ni-,,al1 sympathetic2 adapted to receive it4 #ag ,,bea-,,con1 guiding1 warning against danger4 #ah ,,mon-,i-,,to-,,ry1 admonishing1 warning4 #ai ,,is-,,sue 7ish'-shu71 result1 consequence4 #bj ,,ra-,,di-,,ance1 light1 brightness4 #ba ,,mart1 a place of sale or traffic4 #bb ,,trans-,i-,,to-,,ry1 fleeting1 quickly passing away4 ,,iii4--,,the ,,devoted ,,son ,,and ,,the ,,generous ,,stranger4 ,,brother ,,philippe4 ,brother ,philippe is the present 7#ahga7 ,superior ,general of the ,brothers of the ,christian ,schools4 ,he is the author of several very meritorious works4 ,he resides in ,france1 where during the late war he was remarkable1 though a very old man1 for his energy1 courage and holy zeal in providing for the wants of the wounded and dying upon the battle fields4 #a4 ,a young man1 named ,robert1 was waiting on the coast at ,marseilles for some one to hire his boat4 ,a stranger entered1 and was on the point of stepping out again1 notwithstanding the presence of ,robert1 whom he did not suppose to be the owner4 8,as the boat-man is not coming10 said he1 8,i shall pass into another boat40 8,sir10 said ,robert1 8this is my own boat1 do you wish to get out of port80 8,no2 ,i merely thought of enjoying a row on the river before night closed in1 but you don't look like a sailor40 8,true1 ,sir1 ,i am not a sailor2 but the want of money forces me to seek employment during my leisure hours40 #b4 8,what6 avaricious#bc at your age8 ,this is a shame which mars your youth1 and lessens the interest inspired by your pleasing appearance40 8,ah6 ,sir1 if you knew why ,i wish to make money1 you would not1 indeed1 add to my sorrow by believing me guilty of such a low vice40 8,i may have wronged you2 but you have not explained yourself4 ,let us have a row2 meantime you can tell me all your troubles1 for your looks have disposed me in your favor40 #c4 8,i have but one trouble10 said the young man2 8it is that of having a dear father bound in chains2 and this may last ,i know not how long6 ,my father was a broker in this city1 and had obtained1 by means of his own and my mother's earnings1 an interest in a merchant vessel bound to ,smyrna4 ,he took charge of the buying and the selling of the stock4 ,the vessel was seized by a pirate ship1 and taken to ,tetuan1 where my father remains prisoner1 with the greater part of the ship's crew4 ,they demand ten thousand francs for his ransom2#bd but1 as he had made large outlays so as to increase the business1 we are far from possessing that sum4 ,however1 my mother and my sisters work day and night1 and ,i contrive to do my part as a clerk in a jeweler's shop1 and ,i seek besides1 as you perceive1 to fill up my leisure hours4 ,we have retrenched our mode of living in every possible way1 and one room forms our lodging4 ,at first ,i thought of going to take my father's place1 and thus release him from his cruel chains4 ,i was about putting this idea into execution1 when my mother assured me that such an undertaking was as rash as it was impracticable2#be and she forbade all the captains of the ,levant to take me on board40 #d4 8,do you ever hear from your father8 ,do you know the name of his master in ,tetuan1 and in what manner is he treated80 8,his master is the intendant of the king's gardens2 they treat him with humanity1 and the labor to which he is subjected is not above his strength4 ,but he is our father2 he is so good1 and we are not there to comfort him2 he is far from us1 from his dear wife and his three children1 whom he loves tenderly40 #e4 8,what name does he bear in ,tetuan80 8,it is not changed2 they call him ,robert40 8,robert8 in ,tetuan8 with the intendant#bf of the gardens80 8,yes1 ,sir40 #f4 8,i am touched at your sorrow1 my good friend2 and1 in consequence of your noble sentiments1 ,i predict#bg for you the accomplishment of your wishes1 which1 indeed1 you richly merit4 ,meanwhile1 let me now enjoy a few moments' solitude in this spot40 #g4 ,when it was night1 ,robert had orders to put him ashore4 ,then the stranger1 slipping a purse into the young man's hands1 disappeared without allowing him time to express his thanks4 ,the purse contained four hundred francs1 mostly in gold coins4 ,such generosity gave ,robert the highest opinion of the stranger1 who had listened with so much interest to his sad tale4 ,in vain did ,robert seek him1 to assure him of his lasting gratitude4 #h4 ,six weeks elapsed since this extraordinary occurrence1 and those good people worked on indefatigably1#bh to complete the sum mentioned4 ,one day they were partaking of a frugal meal of bread and dried almonds1 in the narrow room which was their home1 when a man entered1 and surprised them in the midst of their trouble and their misery4 ,he was cleanly clad4 ,heavens6 444 it is ,robert1 their father4 ,what astonishment6 ,what exclamations of joy6 ,what tears were shed1 in their happiness4 ,robert embraced his wife and his children1 and told them how thankful he felt for the twelve thousand francs which he received at the moment he embarked on the vessel1 where his passage had been already paid2 clothes also were furnished him1 and he knew not1 he said1 how to acknowledge so much solicitude#bi and attention4 #i4 ,the surprise of the mother and the children increased at every word spoken2 they could not comprehend this mysterious language1 and they looked at each other in their bewilderment4 ,at length1 the mother broke silence3 she supposed that her son had done all this without consulting her2 she told her husband how zealously he had labored since the beginning of his captivity2 how he had endeavored to go and replace him1 and how she had prevented him from so doing4 8,ten thousand francs10 added she1 8were necessary for the ransom2 we had but a little more than the half1 most part of which was acquired#cj by his attention to business2 for the rest1 friends must have aided him40 #aa4 ,all at once the disheartened father grew thoughtful and gloomy1 and thus addressed his son3 8,unhappy boy1 can ,i owe you my liberty without regret8 ,how could it have remained a secret to your mother1 and not be bought at the price of virtue8 ,at your age1 unhappy son of a slave1 one cannot easily obtain so much money4 ,i shudder to think that filial piety may have made you culpable4#ca ,confide in me1 be sincere1 do not conceal the truth2 have you been guilty of dishonesty80 #ab4 8,banish your fears1 dear father10 cried the virtuous son1 as he embraced him tenderly2 8your child is not unworthy of this title1 nor lucky enough to have effected your freedom1 which1 in truth1 you do not owe to me2 ,i know your benefactor--oh1 yes1 ,i know him4 ,do you remember1 dear mother1 the stranger who gave me his purse--how he questioned me thus3 #8,where is your father8 ,what is his name8 ,who is his master8' ,were ,i to spend my whole life1 ,i shall find him again1 and he shall admire the fruits of his generosity40 ,then his dutiful son related the incident which had taken place1 restoring1 meanwhile1 the peace and the happiness which had1 for a moment1 given place to fear4 #ac4 ,restored to his family1 the honest ,robert found friends and means4 ,success surpassed his hopes4 ,after ten years1 he had acquired a little fortune2 and his children1 who were all settled in life1 shared the happiness of their father and mother4 #bc ,,av-,a-,,ri-,,cious1 greedy of wealth4 #bd ,,ran-,,som1 the price paid to redeem a person or goods from an enemy4 #be ,,im-,,prac,,ti-,,ca-,,ble1 incapable of being done4 #bf ,,in-,,tend-,,ant1 an overseer4 #bg ,,pre-,,dict1 to foretell4 #bh ,,in-,,de-,,fat-,i-,,ga-,,ble1 untiring1 not yielding to fatigue4 #bi ,,so-,,lic-,i-,,tude1 anxiety1 care1 concern4 #cj ,,ac-,,quire1 to gain1 to obtain4 #ca ,,cul-,,pa-,,ble1 blameable4 ,,iv4--,,the ,,christian ,,mother4 ,,mary ,i4 ,,hoffman4 ,miss ,hoffman is an ,american authoress of very marked ability4 ,her 8,agnes ,hilton10 8,alice ,murray10 and 8,felix ,kent0 are works of fiction of great and deserved popularity4 #a4 ,it was a poor1 dilapidated#cb house in a narrow lane2 no curtains shaded the small windows through which the glaring sun came mockingly in4 ,a table stood in the middle of the room1 with--we cannot say the remains of the last meal1 for the meal had been too scant to have any remains--but with the soiled cups and plates still unremoved2 the cold stove looked as if it had never known what it was to have a good fire blazing and burning within it2 back by the wall was an old scuttle1 in which were a few coals1 evidently placed there away from the stove1 lest too close proximity#cc might tempt to using them before the time to heat the teakettle for the next meal came round4 #b4 ,on a little bench sat a pale1 thin-faced child of seven or eight years4 ,an old1 threadbare coat1 very much too large1 was wrapped around him1 completely covering1 or rather burying him in its ample folds4 ,after one or two ineffectual attempts he succeeded in disengaging#cd his little hands1 and then smoothed back the golden locks from his broad1 handsome brow4 #c4 ,on the floor were two little girls1 one five1 the other three4 ,they were playing with bits of cloth and shreds of ribbons1 ever and anon pausing to look up in the face of a middle-aged woman sitting by the window1 sewing on a jacket as fast as her hand could fly4 ,she had on a faded dress of mourning1 and her countenance looked sorrow-stricken and worn4 #d4 ,on a bed in one corner was lying a boy of fifteen or sixteen years4 ,he was very pale1 and with the sunken eyes closed1 the chin slightly fallen1 the ashen lips parted1 displaying the large even teeth1 a looker-on might have congratulated himself that the vital#ce spark had fled--that the spirit had found a happier home4 ,but his languid eyes opened1 and a groan escaped his lips4 #e4 ,his mother started and exclaimed3 8,oh1 ,alfred1 that pain has again awakened you60 8,no1 mother1 no1 ,i was not asleep10 he sorrowfully replied4 8,not asleep1 ,alfred6 ,i thought you were1 you lay so quiet40 8,i know it1 but ,i only had my eyes closed1 thinking of the time we lived in ,stanton1 and it all came back so plain1 that ,i thought this poor1 cold room was only a dream1 but ,i opened my eyes1 and oh1 mother1 it wasn't1 it wasn't60 ,clasping his hands1 he cried3 8,what a change since father died1 what a change60 and sobs choked the further utterance of the poor1 sick boy4 #f4 8,oh1 ,alfred1 dear ,alfred10 said his mother1 while unbidden tears came into her eyes2 8your father was too good to be left here to suffer4 ,he was called home to heaven--to heaven10 she slowly repeated1 dropping her needle and pressing her hand upon her heart to keep down its tumultuous#cf throbbings4 ,then1 after a moment's pause1 she added3 8,but1 ,alfred1 be patient2 ,god will not forget us40 8,forget us60 he exclaimed1 starting up and looking wildly around1 8why1 mother1 it seems we are already forgotten40 8,no1 ,alfred1 don't say that2 ,god is so good and merciful1 ,he sends us these trials to disengage our minds from the world1 and prepare us for heaven2 ,his beautiful heaven1 child4 ,you remember when1 in ,stanton1 we used to read of it1 and think we could even suffer martyrdom to show our love and gratitude to our dear ,lord1 who came on earth and died that we might enjoy it4 ,and now1 when pain and suffering come upon us1 shall we murmur and repine80 #g4 8,oh1 mother1 ,i don't want to murmur1#cg but--oh1 it is so much easier to talk of pain than it is to suffer it40 8,but1 ,alfred1 dear1 any pain or trial sent by ,god1 if we only bear it with patience and resignation1 will be showing the same love as if we died for ,him40 8,why1 mother60 he exclaimed1 forgetting1 in his surprise1 the great weakness that a moment before had gathered around his heart2 8your words seem so strange1 ,i will not say irreverent--but1 mother1 to compare our trials to martyrdom seems--seems so presumptuous40#ch #h4 ,pausing an instant in her sewing1 she fixed a steadfast gaze upon him2 perceiving the conversation was not wearying him1 she said3 8,alfred1 ,i have often wished in this sickness to tell you my thoughts on this subject1 for it seems they were suggested by my good angel1 to strengthen and comfort me4 ,you have been so weak1 that ,i have not dared to dwell on any subject1 or use more words than were absolutely necessary4 ,but now ,i see you are able to hear me1 and ,i will speak40 #i4 8,yes1 do1 mother1 do tell me something that will comfort me too2 for1 oh1 how sad1 how stricken ,i feel60 ,his large eyes looked haggard and wild4 ,the little boy on the bench moved nearer1 and1 bending over with his elbows on his knees and his chin resting on his tiny palms1 fixed his blue eyes wonderingly upon her1 listening intently to what she was about to say4 ,newly threading her needle1 she commenced2 8,alfred1 a martyr suffers death through love of ,god1 and rather than consent to an act displeasing to ,him2 in other words1 rather than do any thing that would offend ,him40 8,yes1 mother1 but--0 8,wait1 my child1 wait4 ,if now1 through the same love of ,god1 and through fear of offending ,him1 we suffer our trials and afflictions with patience and resignation1 is it not the same spirit which leads one to martyrdom8 is it not1 my child1 the same80 #aj4 ,he paused a moment before replying1 and then slowly said3 8,in the way in which you present it to my view1 it really does seem so1 mother2 but--0 placing his hand upon his heart1 8,i wish ,i could make it seem so here40 ,he raised himself on his elbow and gazed round the desolate room2 a wintry smile lit up his wan countenance4 8,oh1 mother10 he bitterly exclaimed1 8to talk of glorious martyrdom and joyous heaven in this wretched1 wretched home of poverty60 #aa4 8,why not1 my child80 she asked1 in her kindest and most soothing tones4 8,is it not the very place to talk of them8 ,has ,alfred forgotten the cold little stable of ,bethlehem1 and the poor1 comfortless home of ,egypt8 ,no1 no1 ,alfred1 poverty itself can never exclude#ci us from heaven4 ,one single sin may forever close its gates1 but1 let us be ever so poor and wretched1 we still have just as great a claim to heaven as the richest2 perhaps even greater2 remember ,lazarus40 #aa4 ,clasping her thin hands1 while a smile played over her worn features1 she continued3 8,it may come upon us--poverty may--with such crushing force that we will have to lie down and die2 but then it will be our path to heaven1 our road home4 ,home6 ,oh1 ,alfred1 what comfort in that word6 ,there we will meet father1 mother1 sisters1 brothers1 and all will be joy and happiness4 ,every tear will be wiped away1 and all the sorrow and wretchedness of the way-side forgotten4 ,yes1 ,alfred1 from this very room1 so poor and cold1 we may go to a home all beautiful and bright40 ,with a hurried hand she resumed her sewing4 ,alfred was silent1 but the cloud had passed from his brow4 #cb ,,di-,,lap-,i-,,dated1 gone to ruin1 decayed4 #cc ,,prox-,,im-,,ity1 nearness4 #cd ,,dis-,,en-,,gage1 to free1 to release4 #ce ,,vi-,,tal1 necessary to life4 #cf ,,tu-,,mult-,,uous1 with wild commotion4 #cg ,,mur-,,mur1 to grumble1 to complain4 #ch ,,pre-,,sumpt-,u-,,ous1 rashly bold1 over confident4 #ci ,,ex-,,clude1 to shut out1 to debar4 ,v4--,,woodman1 ,,spare ,,that ,,tree4 ,,morris4 ,george ,p4 ,morris1 an ,american writer1 was born ,october #aj1 #ahjb1 and died ,july #f1 #ahfd4 ,he was the author of many popular songs4 #a4 ,woodman1 spare that tree2 ,touch not a single bough2 ,in youth it sheltered me1 ,and ,i'll protect it now4 ',twas my forefather's#dj hand ,that placed it near his cot2 ,then1 woodman1 let it stand2 ,thy axe shall harm it not4 #b4 ,that old1 familiar#da tree1 ,whose glory and renown#db ,are spread o'er land and sea1 ,and wouldst thou hew it down8 ,woodman1 forbear thy stroke3 ,cut not its earth-bound ties2 ,o1 spare that aged oak1 ,now towering#dc to the skies4 #c4 ,when but an idle boy1 ,i sought its grateful shade2 ,in all their gushing#dd joy4 ,here1 too1 my sisters played4 ,my mother kissed me here2 ,my father pressed my hand3 ,forgive this foolish tear1 ,but let that old oak stand4 #d4 ,my heartstrings round thee cling1 ,close as thy bark1 old friend6 ,here shall the wild bird sing1 ,and still thy branches bend4 ,old tree1 the storm still brave6 ,and1 woodman1 leave the spot2 ,while ,i've a hand to save1 ,thy axe shall harm it not4 #dj ,,fore,,fa-,,ther1 an ancestor1 as a grandfather1 or great-grandfather4 #da ,,fa-,,mil,,iar1 well-known4 #db ,,re-,,nown1 fame1 high honor4 #dc ,,tow,,er-,,ing1 rising aloft4 #dd ,,gush-,,ing1 flowing1 exuberant1 impulsive4 ,,vi4--,,the ,,two ,,roads4 #a4 ,it was ,new ,year's night4 ,an aged man was standing at a window4 ,he raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky1 where the stars were floating1 like white lilies1 on the surface of a clear1 calm lake4 ,then he cast them on the earth1 where few more hopeless beings than himself now moved towards their certain goal#de--the tomb4 #b4 ,already he had passed sixty of the stages#df which lead to it1 and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and remorse4 ,his health was destroyed1 his mind vacant1 his heart sorrowful1 and his old age devoid of comfort4 #c4 ,the days of his youth rose up in a vision#dg before him1 and he recalled the solemn moment when his father had placed him at the entrance of two roads--one leading into a peaceful1 sunny land1 covered with a fertile harvest1 and resounding with soft1 sweet songs2 the other leading the wanderer into a deep1 dark cave1 whence there was no issue#dh1 where poison flowed instead of water1 and where serpents hissed and crawled4 #d4 ,he looked towards the sky1 and cried out in his agony1 8,o youth1 return6 ,o my father1 place me once more at the entrance to life1 that ,i may choose the better way60 ,but his father and the days of his youth had both passed away4 #e4 ,he saw wondering lights floating away over dark marshes1 and then disappear4 ,these were the days of his wasted life4 ,he saw a star fall from heaven1 and vanish in darkness4 ,this was an emblem#di of himself1 and the sharp arrows of unavailing remorse#ej struck home to his heart4 ,then he remembered his early companions1 who entered on life with him1 but who1 having trod the paths of virtue and of labor1 were now honored and happy on this ,new ,year's night4 #f4 ,the clock1 in the high church tower1 struck1 and the sound1 falling on his ear1 recalled his parents' early love for him1 their erring son2 the lessons they had taught him2 the prayers they had offered up in his behalf4 ,overwhelmed with shame and grief1 he dared no longer look towards that heaven where his father dwelt2 his darkened eyes dropped tears1 and with one despairing effort1 he cried aloud1 8,come back1 my early days6 come back60 #g4 ,and his youth did return2 for all this was but a dream which visited his slumbers on ,new ,year's night4 ,he was still young2 his faults alone were real4 ,he thanked ,god fervently that time was still his own2 that he had not yet entered the deep1 dark cavern1 but that he was free to tread the road leading to the peaceful land where sunny harvests wave4 #h4 ,ye who still linger on the threshold#ea of life1 doubting which path to choose1 remember that1 when years are passed1 and your feet stumble on the dark mountain1 you will cry bitterly#eb1 but cry in vain1 8,o youth1 return6 ,o1 give me back my early days60 #de ,,goal1 a post or mark set to bound a race1 end4 #df ,,stag,,es1 steps or degrees of advance or progress4 #dg ,,vi,,sion1 an imaginary appearance1 as seen in a dream or in sleep4 #dh ,,is,,sue 7,ishshu71 egress1 passage out4 #di ,,em,,blem1 a picture or object representing one thing to the eye and another to the understanding4 #ej ,,re-,,morse1 reproach of conscience4 #ea ,,thresh,,old1 a door-sill2 beginning2 entrance4 #eb ,,bit,,ter-,,ly1 sorrowfully4 ,,vii4--,,the ,,laborers4 #a4 ,you can not pay with money ,the million sons of toil-- ,the sailor on the ocean1 ,the peasant on the soil1 ,the laborer in the quarry1 ,the hewer of the coal2 ,your money pays the hand1 ,but it can not pay the soul4 #b4 ,you gaze on the cathedral#ec ,whose turrets#ed meet the sky3 ,remember the foundations ,that in earth and darkness lie3 ,for1 were not those foundations ,so darkly resting there1 ,yon towers up could never soar ,so proudly in the air4 #c4 ,the workshop must be crowded1 ,that the palace may be bright2 ,if the plowman did not plow1 ,then the poet could not write4 ,then let every toil be hallowed#ee ,that man performs for man1 ,and have its share of honor ,as part of one great plan4 #d4 ,see1 light darts down from heaven1 ,and enters where it may2 ,the eyes of all earth's people ,are cheered with one bright day4 ,and let the mind's true sunshine ,be spread o'er earth as free1 ,and fill the souls of men1 ,as the waters fill the sea4 #e4 ,the man who turns the soil ,need not have an earthly mind2 ,the digger 'mid the coal ,need not be in spirit blind3 ,the mind can shed a light ,on each worthy labor done1 ,as lowliest things are bright ,in the radiance#ef of the sun4 #f4 ,what cheers the musing#eg student8 ,the poet1 the divine8 ,the thought that1 for his followers1 ,a brighter day will shine4 ,let every human laborer ,enjoy the vision bright-- ,let the thought that comes from heaven4 ,be spread like heaven's own light6 #g4 ,ye men who hold the pen1 ,rise like a band inspired2#eh ,and1 poets1 let your lyrics#ei ,with hope for man be fired2#fj ,till the earth becomes a temple1 ,and every human heart ,shall join in one great service1 ,each happy in his part4 #ec ,,ca-,,the-,,dral1 a church edifice4 #ed ,,tur-,,rets1 spires1 or little towers4 #ee ,,hal-,,low-,,ed1 treated as sacred4 #ef ,,ra-,,di-,,ance1 vivid brightness4 #eg ,,mus-,,ing1 meditating4 #eh ,,in-,,spir,,ed1 divinely influenced4 #ei ,,lyr-,,ics1 songs2 hymns4 #fj ,,fir,,ed1 animated4 ,,viii4--,,the ,,boy4 ,,willis4 #a4 ,there's something in a noble boy1 ,a brave1 free-hearted1 careless one1 ,with his unchecked1 unbidden joy1 ,his dread of books and love of fun1 ,and in his clear and ready smile1 ,unshaded by a thought of guile1 ,and unrepressed#fa by sadness1-- ,which brings me to my childhood back1 ,as if ,i trod its very track1 ,and felt its very gladness4 #b4 ,and yet1 it is not in his play1 ,when every trace of thought is lost1 ,and not when you would call him gay1 ,that his bright presence thrills me most3 ,his shout may ring upon the hill1 ,his voice be echoed in the hall1 ,his merry laugh like music trill1 ,and ,i in sadness hear it all1-- ,for1 like the wrinkles on my brow1 ,i scarcely notice such things now1-- #c4 ,but when1 amid the earnest game1 ,he stops1 as if he music heard1 ,and1 heedless of his shouted name ,as of the carol#fb of a bird1 ,stands gazing on the empty air1 ,as if some dream were passing there2-- ',tis then that on his face ,i look-- ,his beautiful but thoughtful face-- ,and like a long-forgotten book1 ,its sweet familiar meanings trace1-- #d4 ,remembering a thousand things ,which passed me on those golden wings1 ,which time has fettered now2 ,things that came o'er me with a thrill1 ,and left me silent1 sad1 and still1 ,and threw upon my brow ,a holier and a gentler cast1 ,that was too innocent to last4 #e4 ',tis strange how thoughts upon a child ,will1 like a presence1 sometimes press1 ,and when his pulse is beating wild1 ,and life itself is in excess#fc-- ,when foot and hand1 and ear and eye1 ,are all with ardor#fd straining high-- ,how in his heart will spring ,a feeling whose mysterious#fe thrall#ff ,is stronger1 sweeter far than all6 ,and on its silent wing1 ,how1 with the clouds1 he'll float away1 ,as wandering and as lost as they6 #fa ,,un-,,re-,,pressed1 not subdued or mastered4 #fb ,,car-,,ol1 a song of great joy4 #fc ,,ex-,,cess1 that which exceeds or surpasses what is usual or necessary4 #fd ,,ar-,,dor1 warmth or heat of passion or affection2 eagerness4 #fe ,,mys-,,te-,,ri-,,ous1 secret2 not easily understood4 #ff ,,thrall1 bondage2 slavery4 ,,ix4--,,the ,,young ,,shepherd4 ,,fenelon4 ,the illustrious ,fenelon1 archbishop of ,cambray1 in ,france1 was born in #afea and died1 at ,cambray1 in #agae4 ,he was as remarkable for sanctity as for genius4 ,his purity1 meekness and amiability1 won the hearts of all--even of his enemies1 if it can be said that he had any4 #a4 ,sha-,abbas1 king of ,persia1 being on his travels1 withdrew from his retinue1#fg in order to visit the country1 and there1 without being known1 to behold mankind in all their native freedom4 ,he took with him only one of his officers1 as an attendant4 #b4 8,i am weary10 said he1 8of living among sycophants1#fh who take all occasions to over-reach1 while they flatter me4 ,i am determined to visit husbandmen and shepherds1 who know nothing of me40 #c4 ,he traveled1 with his confidant1 through several villages where the peasants were dancing1 and was overjoyed to see that his subjects1 though at such a distance from court1 had their diversions1 and those so innocent and unexpensive4 #d4 ,after refreshing himself in a cottage1 he crossed a meadow1 enameled#fi with flowers1 which decked the borders of a limpid#gj stream4 ,here he spied a young shepherd1 playing on his pipe beneath a shady elm1 while his flocks were grazing around him4 #e4 ,the king accosts him1 surveys him closely1 finds his aspect agreeable1 and his air1 though easy and natural1 yet graceful and majestic4 ,the simple habit#ga in which the shepherd was clad1 did not in the least diminish the agreeableness of his person4 ,the king supposed him at first to be a youth of illustrious birth1 who had disguised himself2 but he learned from the shepherd that his parents dwelt in an adjacent#gb village1 and that his name was ,alibeg4 #f4 ,the more questions the king put to him1 the more he admired the strength and solidity of his genius4 ,his eyes were lively1 and beaming#gc with intelligence2 his voice was sweet and melodious2 his features were not rude1 neither were they soft and effeminate4#gd ,the shepherd1 though sixteen years of age1 did not seem conscious of those perfections which were conspicuous to others4 ,he imagined that his thoughts1 his conversation1 and his person1 were not unlike those of his neighbors4 #g4 ,the king frequently smiled at the innocent freedom of the youth1 who gave him much information about the state of the people4 ,he gave the officer who accompanied him a private signal not to discover that he was the king1 for fear that ,alibeg1 if he once knew with whom he conversed1 would lose in an instant1 his wonted#ge freedom1 and all his native graces4 #h4 8,i am now convinced10 said the prince to his attendant1 8that nature is as beautiful in the lowest state as in the highest4 ,no monarch's son was ever born with nobler faculties than this young shepherd4 ,i should think myself infinitely happy1 had ,i a son equally handsome1 intelligent1 and ingenuous4#gf ,i will have him educated at my own court40 #i4 ,the king accordingly took ,alibeg away with him2 and the youthful shepherd was much surprised to find that a prince should be so pleased with his conversation4 ,taken to court1 he was instructed by proper tutors in all the graces which add to manly beauty1 and in all the arts and sciences which adorn the mind4 #aj4 ,the grandeur of the court1 and a sudden change of fortune1 in some measure influenced the temper of ,alibeg4 ,his crook1 his pipe1 and shepherd's dress1 were now forsaken2 and1 instead of them1 he appeared in a purple robe embroidered with gold1 and a turban enriched with jewels4 ,alibeg was handsomer than any other man at court4 ,he was qualified to transact the most important affairs1 and his master1 placing the utmost confidence in his integrity1#gg soon conferred on him the post of jewel-keeper and treasurer of his household4 #aa4 ,during the whole reign of the great ,sha-,abbas1 ,alibeg's reputation daily increased4 ,but1 as he advanced in years1 he frequently recalled to mind his former state of life1 and always with regret4 8,oh1 happy days60 would he whisper to himself2 8oh1 innocent days6 days1 wherein ,i tasted true joys without danger2 days1 since which ,i never saw one so pleasant1 shall ,i not see you any more8 ,he who has deprived me of you1 by making me thus great1 has utterly undone me40 #fg ,,ret-,i-,,nue1 a train of attendants4 #fh ,,syc-,o-,,phants1 mean flatterers4 #fi ,,en-,,am-,,eled1 covered2 filled4 #gj ,,lim-,,pid1 clear2 pure4 #ga ,,hab-,,it1 dress2 garb4 #gb ,,ad-,,ja-,,cent1 near by2 adjoining4 #gc ,,beam-,,ing1 glowing2 shining4 #gd ,,ef-,,fem-,i-,,nate1 feminine2 delicate4 #ge ,,wont-,,ed1 accustomed2 usual4 #gf ,,in-,,gen-,u-,,ous1 open2 frank2 candid4 #gg ,,in-,,teg-,,ri-,,ty1 honesty2 uprightness4 ,x4 ,,the ,,young ,,shepherd--,,continued4 #a4 ,alibeg1 after a long absence1 revisited his native village4 ,here he gazed with fondness on those places where he had formerly danced1 sung1 and tuned his pipe with his fellow-swains4#gh ,he made presents to all his friends and relations2 but advised them1 as they valued their peace of mind1 never to resign their rural pleasures1 never to expose themselves to the anxieties and misfortunes of a court4 ,alibeg felt the weight of those misfortunes1 soon after the death of his good master ,sha-,abbas4 #b4 ,sha-,sephi succeeded his father4 ,some envious1 artful courtiers#gi found means to prejudice the young prince against him4 8,he has10 said they1 8betrayed the trust reposed in him by the late king4 ,he has hoarded up immense treasures1 and embezzled#hj valuable effects40 #c4 ,sha-,sephi was young1 and a monarch2 which was more than sufficient to make him credulous#ha and inconsiderate4 ,he had1 besides1 the vanity to think himself qualified to reform his fathers acts1 and to judge of things better than the latter had done4 ,to have some plea for removing ,alibeg from his post1 he commanded him to produce the cimeter1#hb set with diamonds of an immense value1 which his royal grandsire used to wear in battle4 ,sha-,abbas had formerly ordered these to be taken off2 and ,alibeg brought witnesses to prove that they were so removed long before his promotion4 #d4 ,when ,alibeg's enemies found this scheme too weak to effect his ruin1 they prevailed on ,sha-,sephi to give him strict orders to produce an exact inventory#hc of all the rich furniture intrusted to his care4 ,alibeg opened the doors1 and showed every thing committed to his charge4 ,no one article was missing3 each was in its proper place1 and preserved with great care4 #e4 ,the king1 surprised to see such order every where observed1 began to entertain a favorable opinion of ,alibeg1 till he espied1 at the end of a long gallery1 an iron door1 with three strong locks4 8,there it is10 whispered the envious courtiers in his ear1 8that ,alibeg has concealed all the valuable effects which he has purloined40#hd ,the king now angrily exclaimed1 8,i will see what is in that room4 ,what have you concealed there8 ,show it me40 ,alibeg fell prostrate at his feet1 beseeching him not to take from him all that he now held valuable upon earth4 #f4 ,sha-,sephi now took it for granted that ,alibeg's ill-gotten treasure lay concealed within4 ,he commanded the door to be opened4 ,alibeg1 who had the keys in his pocket1 unlocked the door4 ,nothing1 however1 was found there1 but his crook1 his pipe1 and the shepherd's dress which he wore in his youth4 #g4 8,behold great sir10 said he1 8the remains of my former felicity1#he which neither fortune nor your majesty have taken from me4 ,behold my treasure1 which ,i reserve to make me rich1 when you shall think proper to make me poor4 ,take back every thing besides2 but leave me these dear pledges of my rural#hf station4 ,these are my substantial riches which will never fail me4 #h4 8,these1 ,o king6 are the precious1 yet innocent possessions of those who can live contented with the necessaries of life1 without tormenting themselves about superfluous#hg enjoyments4 ,these are riches which are possessed with liberty and safety2 riches which never give me one moment's disquiet4 ,oh1 ye dear implements of a plain1 but happy life6 ,i value none but you2 with you ,i will live1 and with you die4 ,i here resign1 great sir1 the many favors which your royal bounty#hh has bestowed upon me40 #i4 ,the king1 convinced of ,alibeg's innocence1 instantly banished his accusers from court4 ,alibeg became his prime minister1 and was intrusted with the most important secrets4 ,he visited1 however1 every day1 his crook1 his pipe1 and rural habit1 that he might remember them1 should fickle fortune deprive him of a monarchs favor4 ,he died in a good old age1 without wishing to have his enemies punished1 or to increase his possessions2 and left his relations no more than what would maintain them in the station of shepherds1 which he always thought the safest and most happy4 #gh ,,swains1 peasants2 shepherds4 #gi ,,court-,,iers1 those who frequent courts4 #hj ,,em-,,bez-,,zled1 purloined2 robbed2 stolen4 #ha ,,cred-,u-,,lous1 easy of belief2 unsuspecting4 #hb ,,cim-,e-,,ter1 a short ,turkish sword4 #hc ,,in-,,ven-,,to-,,ry1 catalogue2 account4 #hd ,,pur-,,loin-,,ed1 stolen4 #he ,,fe-,,lic-,i-,,ty1 happiness4 #hf ,,ru-,,ral1 pertaining to the country4 #hg ,,su-,,per-,,flu-,,ous1 more than is necessary4 #hh ,,boun-,,ty1 generosity2 liberality4 ,,xi4--,,old ,,times4 ,,gerald ,,griffin4 ,gerald ,griffin was born in ,ireland in #ahjc4 ,he was a distinguished novelist and dramatist4 ,he has also written some short poems remarkable for their tenderness of feeling and beauty of expression4 ,while still a young man he withdrew from the pursuits of literature and joined the ,brothers of the ,christian ,schools4 ,he died in #ahdj at the early age of thirty-seven4 #a4 ,old times6 old times6 the gay old times6 ,when ,i was young and free1 ,and heard the merry ,easter chimes1 ,under the sally tree2 ,my ,sunday palm beside me placed1 ,my cross upon my hand1 ,a heart at rest within my breast1 ,and sunshine on the land6 ,old times6 old times6 #b4 ,it is not that my fortunes flee1 ,nor that my cheek is pale1 ,i mourn whene'er ,i think of thee1 ,my darling native vale6 ,a wiser head ,i have1 ,i know1 ,than when ,i loitered there2 ,but in my wisdom there is woe1 ,and in my knowledge care1 ,old times6 old times6 #c4 ,i've lived to know my share of joy1 ,to feel my share of pain1 ,to learn that friendship's self can cloy1 ,to love and love in vain-- ,to feel a pang and wear a smile1 ,to tire of other climes1 ,to like my own unhappy isle1 ,and sing the gay old times6 ,old times6 old times6 #d4 ,and sure the land is nothing changed1 ,the birds are singing still2 ,the flowers are springing where we ranged1 ,there's sunshine on the hill2 ,the sally waving o'er my head1 ,still sweetly shades my frame1 ,but ah1 those happy days are fled1 ,and ,i am not the same6 ,old times6 old times6 #e4 ,oh1 come again1 ye merry times6 ,sweet1 sunny1 fresh1 and calm2 ,and let me hear those ,easter chimes1 ,and wear my ,sunday palm4 ,if ,i could cry away mine eyes1 ,my tears would flow in vain2 ,if ,i could waste my heart in sighs1 ,they'll never come again6 ,old times6 old times6 ,,xii4--,,the ,,broken ,,heart4 ,,irving4 ,washington ,irving was born in the ,city of ,new ,york1 in #aghc and died in #ahei4 ,his writings are deservedly popular4 ,his 8,sketch ,book10 8,life of ,goldsmith10 8,life of ,columbus10 8,conquest of ,granada10 and other works1 have made him as well known to ,european as to ,american readers4 #a4 ,every one must recollect the tragical#hi story of young ,emmet1 the ,irish patriot2 it was too touching to be soon forgotten4 ,his fate made a deep impression on public sympathy4 ,during the troubles in ,ireland he was tried1 condemned1 and executed#ij on a charge of treason4 ,he was so young1 so intelligent1 so generous1 so brave1 so everything that we are apt to like in a young man4 ,his conduct under trial1 too1 was so lofty and intrepid4 ,the noble indignation with which he repelled#ia the charge of treason against his country1 the eloquent vindication of his name1 and his pathetic appeal to posterity1 in the hopeless hour of condemnation1 all these entered deeply into every generous bosom1 and even his enemies lamented the stern policy that dictated his execution4 #b4 ,but there was one heart whose anguish it would be impossible to describe4 ,in happier days and fairer fortunes1 he had won the affections of a beautiful and interesting girl1 the daughter of a late celebrated ,irish barrister4 ,she loved him with the disinterested fervor#ib of a woman's first and early love4 ,when every worldly maxim arrayed itself against him2 when blasted in fortune1 and disgrace and danger darkened around his name1 she loved him the more ardently for his sufferings4 ,if1 then1 his fate could awaken the sympathy even of his foes1 what must have been the agony of her whose whole soul was occupied by his image6 ,let those tell who have had the portals#ic of the tomb suddenly closed between them and the being they most loved on earth1 who have sat at its threshold1 as one shut out in a cold and lonely world1 whence all that was most lovely and loving had departed4 #c4 ,but then the horrors of such a grave6 so frightful1 so dishonored6 there was nothing for memory to dwell on1 that could soothe the pangs of separation1 none of those tender1 though melancholy circumstances1 which endear the parting scene1 nothing to melt sorrow into those blessed tears1 sent like the dews of heaven to revive the heart in the parting hour of anguish4 #d4 ,to render her widowed situation more desolate1 she had incurred her fathers displeasure by her unfortunate attachment1 and was an exile from the paternal roof4 ,but could the sympathy and kind offices of friends have reached a spirit so shocked and driven in by horror1 she would have experienced no want of consolation1 for the ,irish are a people of quick and generous sensibilities4#id ,the most delicate and cherishing attentions were paid her by families of wealth and distinction4 ,she was led into society1 and they tried by all kinds of occupation and amusement to dissipate#ie her grief1 and wean her from the tragical story of her love4 #e4 ,but it was all in vain4 ,there are some strokes of calamity which scathe and scorch the soul1 which penetrate to the vital seat of happiness1 and blast it1 never again to put forth bud or blossom4 ,she never objected to frequent the haunts of pleasure1 but was as much alone there as in the depths of solitude#if walking about in a sad reverie1 apparently unconscious of the world around her4 ,she carried with her an inward woe1 that mocked at all the blandishments#ig of friendship1 and 8heeded not the song of the charmer1 charm he never so wisely04 #f4 ,the person who told me her story had seen her at a masquerade#ih4 ,there can be no exhibition of far-gone wretchedness more striking and painful than to meet it in such a scene2 to find it wandering like a specter1 lone and joyless1 where all around is gay1 to see it dressed out in the trappings of mirth1 and looking so wan and woe-begone1 as if it had tried in vain to cheat the poor heart into a momentary forgetfulness of sorrow4 #g4 ,after strolling through the splendid rooms and giddy crowd with an air of utter abstraction1#ii she sat herself down on the steps of an orchestra1#ajj and1 looking about for some time with a vacant air1 that showed her insensibility to the garish#aja scene1 she began with the capriciousness#ajb of a sickly heart1 to warble a little plaintive air4 ,she had an exquisite voice2 but on this occasion it was so simple1 so touching1 it breathed forth such a soul of wretchedness1 that she drew a crowd mute and silent around her1 and melted every one into tears4 #h4 ,the story of one so true and tender1 could not but excite great interest in a country remarkable for enthusiasm4 ,it completely won the heart of a brave officer1 who paid his address to her1 and thought that one so true to the dead could not but prove affectionate to the living4 ,she declined his attentions1 for her thoughts were irrevocably engrossed by the memory of her former lover4 ,he1 however1 persisted in his suit4 ,he solicited not her tenderness1 but her esteem4 ,he was assisted by her conviction of his worth1 and her sense of her own destitute and dependent situation1 for she was existing on the kindness of friends4 ,in a word1 he at length succeeded in gaining her hand1 though with the solemn assurance that her heart was unalterably another's4 #i4 ,he took her with him to ,sicily1 hoping that a change of scene might wear out the remembrance of her early woes4 ,she was an amiable and exemplary wife1 and made an effort to be a happy one2 but nothing could cure the silent and devouring melancholy that had entered into her very soul4 ,she wasted away in a slow but hopeless decline1 and1 at length1 sank into the grave1 the victim of a broken heart4 #aj4 ,she is far from the land where her young hero sleeps1 ,and lovers are around her1 sighing2 ,but coldly she turns from their gaze1 and weeps1 ,for her heart in his grave is lying6 #aa4 ,she sings the wild song of her dear native plains1 ,every note which he loved awaking2 ,ah6 little they think who delight in her strains1 ,how the heart of the ,minstrel is breaking6 #ab4 ,he had lived for his love1 for his country he died1 ,they were all that to life had entwined him2 ,nor soon shall the tears of his country be dried1 ,nor long will his love stay behind him4 #ac4 ,o6 make her a grave where the sunbeams rest1 ,when they promise a glorious morrow2 ,they'll shine o'er her sleep1 like a smile from the ,west1 ,from her own loved island of sorrow6 #hi ,,trag-,i-,,cal1 mournful1 calamitous4 #ij ,,ex-,e-,,cuted 7here means7 put to death4 #ia ,,re-,,pelled1 resisted4 #ib ,,fer,,vor1 warmth1 ardor4 #ic ,,port,,al1 an entrance1 a gateway4 #id ,,sen-,,si-,,bil-,i-,,ty1 delicate feeling1 tenderness4 #ie ,,dis-,,si-,,pate1 to disperse1 to scatter4 #if ,,sol-,i-,,tude1 loneliness1 seclusion4 #ig ,,bland-,,ish-,,ments1 artful caresses1 soothing words4 #ih ,,mas-,,quer-,,ade1 an assemblage of persons for amusement in which masks are worn4 #ii ,,ab-,,strac-,,tion1 absence of mind4 #ajj ,,or-,,ches-,,tra1 a place or gallery for musicians4 #aja ,,gar-,,ish1 gaudy1 showy4 #ajb ,,ca-,,pri-,,cious-,,ness1 freak1 whimsicalness4 ,,xiii4--,,little ,,victories4 ,,remark4--,in conversational pieces like the following1 the manner of each speaker should be imitated1 as in a dialogue4 #a4 8,oh1 mother1 now that ,i have lost my limb1 ,i can never be a soldier or a sailor2 ,i can never go round the world60 ,and ,hugh burst into tears1 now more really afflicted than he had ever been yet4 ,his mother sat on the bed beside him1 and wiped away his tears as they flowed1 while he told her1 as well as his sobs would let him1 how long and how much he had reckoned on going round the world1 and how little he cared for anything else in future2 and now this was the very thing he should never be able to do6 #b4 ,he had practiced climbing ever since he could remember1 and now this was of no use2 he had practiced marching1 and now he should never march again4 ,when he had finished his complaint1 there was a pause1 and his mother said1 8,hugh1 you have heard of ,huber40 8,the man who found out so much about bees80 said ,hugh4 8,bees and ants4 ,when ,huber had discovered#ajc more than had ever been known about these1 and when he was sure that he could learn still more1 and was more and more anxious to peep into their tiny#ajd homes1 and curious ways1 he became blind40 #c4 ,hugh sighed1 and his mother went on4 8,did you ever hear of ,beethoven8 ,he was one of the greatest musical composers#aje that ever lived4 ,his great1 his sole delight1 was in music4 ,it was the passion of his life4 ,when all his time and all his mind were given to music1 he suddenly became deaf1 perfectly deaf2 so that he never more heard one single note from the loudest orchestra#ajf4 ,while crowds were moved and delighted with his compositions#ajg it was all silence to him40 ,hugh said nothing4 #d4 8,now do you think10 asked his mother--and ,hugh saw that a mild and gentle smile beamed from her countenance--8do you think that these people were without a heavenly ,parent80 8,oh no6 but were they patient80 asked ,hugh4 8,yes1 in their different ways and degrees4 ,would you suppose that they were hardly treated8 ,or would you not rather suppose1 that their ,father gave them something better to do1 than they had planned for themselves80 #e4 8,he must know best1 of course2 but it does seem very hard1 that that very thing should happen to them4 ,huber would not have so much minded being deaf1 perhaps2 or that musical man being blind40 8,no doubt their hearts often swelled within them1 at their disappointments2 but ,i fully believe that they very soon found ,god's will to be wiser than their wishes4 ,they found1 if they bore their trial well1 that there was work for their hearts to do1 far nobler than any the head could do through the eye1 or the ear4 ,and they soon felt a new and delicious pleasure1 which none but the bitterly disappointed can feel40 8,what is that80 #f4 8,the pleasure of rousing the soul to bear pain1 and of agreeing with ,god silently1 when nobody knows what is in the breast4 ,there is no pleasure like that of exercising one's soul in bearing pain1 and of finding one's heart glow with the hope that one is pleasing ,god40 8,shall ,i feel that pleasure80 8,often and often1 ,i have no doubt2 every time you can willingly give up your wish to be a soldier1 or a sailor1 or any thing else you have set your mind upon1 you will feel that pleasure4 ,but ,i do not expect it of you yet4 ,i dare say1 it was long a bitter thing to ,beethoven to see hundreds of people in raptures#ajh with his music when he could not hear a note of it40 #g4 8,but did he ever smile again80 asked ,hugh4 8,if he did1 he was happier than all the fine music in the world could have made him10 replied his mother4 8,i wonder1 oh1 ,i wonder if ,i shall ever feel so60 8,we will pray to ,god that you may4 ,shall we ask him now80 ,hugh clasped his hand4 ,his mother kneeled beside the bed1 and1 in a very few words1 prayed that ,hugh might be able to bear his misfortune#aji well1 and that his friends might give him such help and comfort as ,god should approve4 #ajc ,,dis-,,cov-,,ered1 found out4 #ajd ,,tin-,y1 very small4 #aje ,,com-,,pos,,er1 an author4 #ajf ,,or-,,ches-,,tra1 a body of musicians4 #ajg ,,com-,,po-,,si-,,tions1 musical pieces4 #ajh ,,rapt-,,ures1 extreme delight4 #aji ,,mis-,,for-,,tune1 calamity4 ,,xiv4--,,little ,,victories4--,,continued4 #h4 ,hugh found himself subject to very painful feelings sometimes1 such as no one quite understood1 and such as he feared no one was able to pity as they deserved4 ,on one occasion1 when he had been quite merry for a while1 and his mother and sister ,agnes were chatting#aaj they thought they heard a sob from the sofa4 ,they spoke to ,hugh1 and found that he was indeed crying bitterly4 8,what is it1 my dear10 said his mother4 8,agnes1 have we said anything that could hurt his feelings80 8,no1 no10 sobbed ,hugh4 8,i will tell you presently40 #i4 ,and presently he told them1 that he was so busy listening to what they said1 that he forgot every thing else1 when he felt as if something got between two of his toes2 unconsciously he put down his hand1 as if his foot was there6 ,nothing could be plainer than the feeling in his toes2 and1 then1 when he put out his hand1 and found nothing1 it was so terrible6 it startled him so6 ,it was a comfort to find that his mother knew about this4 ,she came1 and kneeled by his sofa1 and told him that many persons who had lost a limb1 considered this the most painful thing they had to bear1 for some time2 but that1 though the feeling would return occasionally through life1 it would cease to be painful4 #aj4 ,hugh was very much dejected#aaa1 and when he thought of the months and years1 to the end of his life1 and that he should never run and play1 and never be like other people1 he almost wished that he was dead4 ,agnes thought that he must be miserable indeed1 if he could venture to say this to his mother4 ,she glanced at her mother's face1 but there was no displeasure there4 ,on the contrary1 she said this feeling was very natural4 ,she had felt it herself1 under smaller misfortunes than ,hugh's2 but she had found1 though the prospect appears all strewn#aab with troubles1 that they come singly1 and are not so hard to bear1 after all4 #aa4 ,she told ,hugh1 that when she was a little girl1 she was very lazy1 fond of her bed1 and not at all fond of dressing or washing4 8,why1 mother6 you80 exclaimed ,hugh4 8,yes2 that was the sort of little girl ,i was4 ,well1 ,i was in despair1 one day1 at the thought that ,i should have to wash and clean my teeth1 and brush my hair1 and put on every article of dress1 every morning as long as ,i lived40 8,did you tell any body80 asked ,hugh4 #ab4 8,no2 ,i was ashamed to do that2 but ,i remember ,i cried4 ,you see how it turns out4 ,when we have become accustomed to any thing1 we do it without ever thinking of the trouble1 and1 as the old fable tells us1 the clock1 that has to tick so many millions of times1 has exactly the same number of seconds to do it in4 ,so will you find1 that you can move about on each separate occasion1 as you wish1 and practise will enable you to do it without any trouble or thought40 8,but this is not all1 nor half what ,i mean10 said ,hugh4 #ac4 8,no1 my dear1 nor half what you will have to bear4 ,you resolved to bear it all patiently1 ,i remember4 ,but what is it you dread the most80 8,oh6 all manner of things4 ,i can never do like other people40 8,some things10 replied his mother4 8,you can never play cricket1 as every ,crofton boy would like to do4 ,you can never dance at your sister's ,christmas parties40 #ad4 8,oh6 mamma60 cried ,agnes1 with tears in her eyes1 and with the thought in her mind1 that it was cruel to talk so4 8,go on6 go on60 cried ,hugh1 brightening4 8,you know what ,i feel1 mother2 and you don't keep telling me1 as others do1 and even sister ,agnes1 sometimes1 that it will not signify much1 and that ,i shall not care1 and all that2 making out that it is no misfortune1 hardly1 when ,i know what it is1 and they don't4 ,now then1 go on1 mother6 ,what else80 #ae4 8,there will be little checks and mortifications continually1 when you see little boys leaping over this1 and climbing that1 and playing at the other1 while you must stand out1 and can only look on4 ,and some people will pity you1 in a way you will not like2 and some may even laugh at you40 8,oh mamma60 exclaimed ,agnes4 8,well1 and what else80 said ,hugh4 #af4 8,sooner or later1 you will have to follow some way of life determined by this accident1 instead of one that you would have liked better40 8,well1 what else80 8,i must ask you1 now4 ,i can think of nothing more2 and ,i hope there is not much else2 for1 indeed1 ,i think here is quite enough for a boy1 or any one else1 to bear40 8,i will bear it1 though2 you will see40 #ag4 8,you will find great helps4 ,these misfortunes1 of themselves strengthen one's mind4 ,they have some advantages1 too4 ,you will be a better scholar for your lameness1 ,i have no doubt4 ,you will read more books1 and have a mind richer in thoughts4 ,you will be more beloved by us all1 and you yourself will love ,god more for having given you something to bear for ,his sake4 ,god ,himself will help you to bear your trials4 ,you will conquer your trials one by one1 and by a succession of ,,little ,,victories1 will1 at last1 completely triumph over all40 #aaj ,,chat-,,ting1 talking familiarly4 #aaa ,,de-,,ject-,,ed1 discouraged1 low-spirited4 #aab ,,strewn1 scattered4 ,,xv4--,,our ,,titles4 #a4 ,are we not ,nobles8 we who trace ,our ,pedigree#aac so high1 ,that ,god for us and for our race ,created ,earth and ,sky1 ,and ,light1 and ,air1 and ,time1 and ,space1 ,to serve us1 and then die4 #b4 ,are we not ,princes8 we who stand ,as heirs beside the ,throne2 ,we who can call the promised land ,our ,heritage1#aad our own2 ,and answer to no less command ,than ,god's1 and ,his alone4 #c4 ,are we not ,kings8 both night and day1 ,from early until late1 ,about our bed1 about our way1 ,a guard of ,angels wait2 ,and so we watch1 and work1 and pray ,in more than royal state4 #d4 ,are we not holy8 do not start2 ,it is ,god's sacred will ,to call us ,temples set apart ,his ,holy ,ghost may fill2 ,our very food4444 ,oh hush1 my heart1 ,adore ,it and be still6 #e4 ,are we not more8 ,our life shall be ,immortal#aae and divine2 ,the nature ,mary gave to ,thee1 ,dear ,jesus1 still is ,thine2 ,adoring in ,thy ,heart ,i see ,such blood as beats in mine4 #f4 ,o ,god6 that we can dare to fail1 ,and dare to say we must6 ,o ,god1 that we can ever trail ,such banners in the dust1 ,can let such starry honors pale1 ,and such a ,blazon#aaf rust6 #g4 ,shall we upon such ,titles bring ,the taint of sin and shame8 ,shall we1 the children of the ,king ,who hold so grand a claim1 ,tarnish1 by any meaner thing1 ,the glory of our name8 #aac ,,ped-,i-,,gree1 lineage1 line of descent from a progenitor4 #aad ,,her-,,it-,,age1 an estate that passes from an ancestor to an heir4 #aae ,,im-,,mor-,,tal1 exempt from death4 #aaf ,,bla-,,zon1 a coat of arms4 ,,xvi4--,,the ,,widow ,,of ,,the ,,pine ,,cottage4 #a4 ,it was ,saturday night1 and the widow of the ,pine ,cottage sat by her blazing fagots1#aag with her five tattered children at her side1 endeavoring1 by listening to the artlessness1 of their prattle1#aah to dissipate#aai the heavy gloom that pressed upon her mind4 ,for a year1 her own feeble hand had provided for her helpless family1 for she had no supporter3 she thought of no friend in all the wide1 unfriendly world around4 #b4 ,but that mysterious ,providence1 the wisdom of whose ways is above human comprehension1 had visited her with wasting sickness1 and her little means had become exhausted4 ,it was now1 too1 mid-winter1 and the snow lay heavy and deep through all the surrounding forests1 while storms still seemed gathering in the heavens1 and the driving wind roared among the neighboring pines1 and rocked her puny#abj mansion4 #c4 ,the last herring smoked upon the coals before her2 it was the only article of food she possessed1 and no wonder her forlorn1 desolate state brought up in her lone bosom all the anxieties of a mother1 when she looked upon her children2 and no wonder1 forlorn as she was1 if she suffered the heart-swellings of despair to rise1 even though she knew that ,he1 whose promise is to the widow and to the orphan1 can not forget his word4 #d4 ,providence had1 many years before1 taken from her her eldest son1 who went from his forest home to try his fortune on the high seas1 since which she had heard no tidings of him2 and1 later still1 the hand of death deprived her of the companion and staff of her earthly pilgrimage1#aba in the person of her husband4 ,yet to this hour she had upborne2 she had not only been able to provide for her little flock1 but had never lost an opportunity of ministering to the wants of the miserable and destitute4 #e4 ,the indolent may well bear with poverty1 while the ability to gain sustenance remains4 ,the individual who has but his own wants to supply1 may suffer with fortitude the winter of want2 his affections are not wounded1 his heart not wrung4 ,the most desolate in populous cities may hope1 for charity has not quite closed her hand and heart1 and shut her eyes on misery4 #f4 ,but the industrious mother of helpless and depending children1 far from the reach of human charity1 has none of these to console her4 ,and such a one was the widow of the ,pine ,cottage2 but as she bent over the fire1 and took up the last scanty remnant of food1 to spread before her children1 her spirits seemed to brighten up1 as by some sudden and mysterious impulse1 and ,cowper's beautiful lines came uncalled across her mind3 ,judge not the ,lord by feeble sense1 ,but trust ,him for ,his grace2 ,behind a frowning ,providence ,he hides a smiling face4 #g4 ,the smoked herring was scarcely laid upon the table1 when a gentle rap at the door1 and loud barking of a dog1 attracted the attention of the family4 ,the children flew to open it1 and a weary traveler1 in tattered garments1 and apparently indifferent health1 entered and begged a lodging1 and a mouthful of food4 ,said he1 8,it is now twenty-four hours since ,i tasted bread40 ,the widow's heart bled anew as under a fresh complication#abb of distresses2 for her sympathies#abc lingered not around her fireside4 ,she hesitated not even now2 rest and a share of all she had she proffered to the stranger4 8,we shall not be forsaken10 said she1 8or suffer deeper for an act of charity40 #h4 ,the traveler drew near the board1 but when he saw the scanty fare1 he raised his eyes toward heaven with astonishment3 8,and is this all your store80 said he1 8and a share of this do you offer to one you know not8 then never saw ,i charity before6 but1 madam10 said he1 continuing1 8do you not wrong your children by giving a part of your last mouthful to a stranger80 #i4 8,ah10 said the poor widow1 and the tear-drops gushed#abd into her eyes as she said it1 8,i have a boy1 a darling son1 somewhere on the face of the wide world1 unless heaven has taken him away1 and ,i only act toward you1 as ,i would that others should act toward him4 ,god1 who sent manna#abe from heaven1 can provide for us as ,he did for ,israel2 and how should ,i this night offend ,him1 if my son should be a wanderer1 destitute as you1 and ,he should have provided for him a home1 even poor as this1 were ,i to turn you unrelieved away40 #aj4 ,the widow ended1 and the stranger1 springing from his seat1 clasped her in his arms3 8,god1 indeed1 has provided your son a home1 and has given him wealth to reward the goodness of his benefactress3 my mother6 oh1 my mother60 ,it was her long-lost son1 returned to her bosom from the ,indies4 ,he had chosen that disguise that he might the more completely surprise his family2 and never was surprise more perfect1 or followed by a sweeter cup of joy4 #aa4 ,that humble residence in the forest was exchanged for one comfortable1 and indeed beautiful1 in the valley2 and the widow lived long with her dutiful son1 in the enjoyment of worldly plenty1 and in the delightful employments of virtue2 and1 at this day1 the passer-by is pointed to the willow that spreads its branches above her grave4 #aag ,,fag-,,ots2 bundles of sticks used for fuel4 #aah ,,prat-,,tle2 trifling talk4 #aai ,,dis-,,si-,,pate2 to scatter1 to disperse4 #abj ,,pu-,,ny2 small and weak4 #aba ,,pil-,,grim-,,age2 the journey of human life4 #abb ,,com-,,pli-,,ca-,,tion2 the act of mingling together several things4 #abc ,,sym-,,pa-,,thies2 compassion4 #abd ,,gushed2 flowed copiously4 #abe ,,man-,,na2 food miraculously provided by ,god for the ,israelites4 ,,xvii4--,a ,,psalm ,,of ,,life4 ,,longfellow4 ,henry ,wadsworth ,longfellow was born at ,portland1 ,maine1 in #ahjg4 ,he is one of the most popular of living poets4 #a4 ,tell me not1 in mournful numbers1 ,life is but an empty dream6 ,for the soul is dead that slumbers1 ,and things are not what they seem4 #b4 ,life is real6 ,life is earnest6 ,and the grave is not its goal2 ,dust thou art1 to dust returnest1 ,was not spoken of the soul4 #c4 ,not enjoyment1 and not sorrow1 ,is our destined#abf end or way1 ,but to act1 that each to-morrow ,find us farther than to-day4 #d4 ,art is long1 and time is fleeting2 ,and our hearts1 though stout and brave1 ,still1 like muffled#abg drums1 are beating ,funeral marches to the grave4 #e4 ,in the world's broad field of battle1 ,in the bivouac#abh of life1 ,be not like dumb1 driven cattle6 ,be a hero in the strife6 #f4 ,trust no ,future1 howe'er pleasant1 ,let the dead past bury its dead6 ,act--act in the living ,present6 ,heart within1 and ,god o'erhead4 #g4 ,lives of great men all remind us1 ,we can make our lives sublime2#abi ,and1 departing1 leave behind us ,foot-prints#acj on the sands of time2-- #h4 ,foot-prints1 that1 perhaps1 another1 ,sailing over life's solemn#aca main1#acb ,a forlorn#acc and shipwrecked brother1 ,seeing1 shall take heart again4 #i4 ,let us1 then1 be up and doing1 ,with a heart for any fate2 ,still achieving1#acd still pursuing1#ace ,learn to labor1 and to wait4 #abf ,,des'-,,tin-,,ed1 fated2 appointed4 #abg ,,muf'-,,fled1 covered2 wrapped up4 #abh ,,biv'-,,ouac 7biv'-wak71 encampment without tents2 a watching4 #abi ,,sub-,,lime'1 lofty2 grand4 #acj ,,foot-,,prints1 impression of the foot4 #aca ,,sol'-,,emn1 grave2 serious4 #acb ,,main1 open sea2 ocean4 #acc ,,for'-,,lorn1 forsaken2 helpless4 #acd ,a-,,chiev'-,,ing1 performing2 doing4 #ace ,,pur-,,su'-,,ing1 following up4 ,,xviii4--,,let ,,virtue ,,be ,,your ,,aim4 #a4 ,whatever be thy lot on earth1 ,thy mission#acf here below1 ,though ,fame may wreathe#acg her laurels#ach fair1 ,around your youthful brow1-- ,if you would rise from earthly things1 ,and win a deathless name1 ,let all your ways be just and right-- ,let virtue be your aim4#aci #b4 ,though cherished#adj friends may traitors#ada prove4 ,their kindness all depart1 ,and leave a mournful spell around ,thy sad and bleeding heart2 ,though you may oft be scorned#adb by men1 ,or those who bear the name1 ,let all your ways be just and right-- ,let virtue be your aim4 #c4 ,oh6 ye who dwell in stately#adc halls1 ,where wealth and fame#add are known1 ,remember you may yet be poor1 ,neglected and alone6 ,but1 oh6 remember this broad truth1 ,ere others' faults you scan1#ade ,your wealth may make a thousand fools-- ,,but ,,virtue ,,makes ,,the ,,man4 #acf ,,mis'-,,sion1 errand2 business4 #acg ,,wreathe1 entwine4 #ach ,,lau'-,,rels1 flowers for garlands4 #aci ,,aim1 purpose2 intention4 #adj ,,cher'-,,ish-,,ed1 dear2 loved4 #ada ,,trai'-,,tors1 betrayers4 #adb ,,scorn'-,,ed despised2 disdained #adc ,,state'-,,ly1 magnificent2 grand #add ,,fame1 renown2 glory4 #ade ,,scan1 examine critically4 ,,xix4 -,,the ,,bobolink4 ,w4 ,,irving4 #a4 ,the happiest bird of our spring1 and one that rivals#adf the ,european lark1 in my estimation1#adg is the ,bobolink4 ,he arrives at that choice portion of the year1 which1 in this latitude1 answers to the description#adh of the month of ,may1 so often given by the poets4 ,with us1 it begins about the middle of ,may1 and lasts until nearly the middle of ,june4 #b4 ,earlier than this1 winter is apt to return on its traces1 and to blight#adi the opening beauties of the year2 and later than this1 begin the parching1 and panting1 and dissolving#aej heats of summer4 ,but1 in this genial#aea interval1#aeb ,nature is in all her freshness and fragrance2 8the rain is over and gone1 the flowers appear on the earth1 the time of the singing of birds is come1 and the voice of the turtle#aec is heard in our land40 #c4 ,the trees are now in their fullest foliage#aed and the brightest verdure2 the woods are gay with the clustered#aee flowers of the laurel2 the air is perfumed by the sweet-brier and the wild rose2 the meadows are enameled#aef with clover-blossoms2 while the young apple1 the peach1 and the plum1 begin to swell1 and the cherry to glow among the green leaves4 #d4 ,this is the chosen season of revelry#aeg of the ,bobolink4 ,he comes amidst the pomp and fragrance of the season2 his life seems all sensibility#aeh and enjoyment1 all song and sunshine4 ,he is to be found in the soft bosoms of the freshet and sweetest meadows2 and is most in song when the clover is in blossom4 #e4 ,he perches#aei on the topmost twig of a tree1 or on some flaunting weed1 and1 as he rises and sinks with the breeze1 pours forth a succession#afj of rich1 tinkling notes1 crowding one upon another1 like the outpouring melody of the sky-lark1 and possessing the same rapturous#afa character4 #f4 ,sometimes he pitches from the summit of a tree1 begins his song as soon as he gets upon the wing1 and flutters tremulously#afb down to the earth1 as if overcome with ecstasy#afc at his own music4 ,sometimes he is in pursuit of his paramour2#afd always in full song1 as if he would win her by his melody2 and always with the same appearance of intoxication#afe and delight4 #g4 ,of all the birds of our groves and meadows1 the ,bobolink was the envy of my boyhood4 ,he crossed my path in the sweetest weather1 and the sweetest season of the year1 when all ,nature called to the fields1 and the rural#aff feeling throbbed in every bosom2 but1 when ,i1 luckless urchin1 was doomed to be mewed#afg up1 during the livelong day1 in a school-room1 it seemed as if the little varlet#afh mocked at me1 as he flew by in full song1 and sought to taunt me with his happier lot4 ,o1 how ,i envied him6 ,no lessons1 no tasks1 no schools2 nothing but holiday1 frolic1 green fields1 and fine weather4 #adf ,,ri'-,,vals1 strives to excel4 #adg ,,es-,,ti-,,ma'-,,tion1 opinion2 esteem4 #adh ,,de-,,scrip'-,,tion1 account4 #adi ,,blight1 blast2 destroy4 #aej ,,dis-,,solv'-,,ing1 melting4 #aea ,,ge'-,,ni-,,al1 fruitful2 productive4 #aeb ,,in'-,,ter-,,val1 space between4 #aec ,,tur'-,,tle1 species of dove4 #aed ,,fo'-,,li-,,age1 leaves collectively4 #aee ,,clus'-,,ter-,,ed4 growing in bunches4 #aef ,,en-,,am'-,,el-,,ed1 inlaid2 variegated4 #aeg ,,rev'-,,el-,,ry1 festive mirth2 jollity4 #aeh ,,sens-,i-,,bil'-,,ty1 delicate feeling4 #aei ,,perch'-,,es1 alights4 #afj ,,suc-,,ces'-,,sion1 series4 #afa ,,rap'-,,tur-,,ous1 joyful2 thrilling4 #afb ,,trem'-,u-,,lous-,,ly1 tremblingly4 #afc ,,ec'-,,sta-,,sy1 excessive joy4 #afd ,,par'-,a-,,mour1 lover4 #afe ,,in-,,tox-,i-,,ca'-,,tion1 high excitement4 #aff ,,ru'-,,ral1 pertaining to the country4 #afg ,,mew'-,,ed1 shut up2 confined4 #afh ,,var'-,,let1 scamp2 rascal4 ,,xx4--,,the ,,bobolink4--,,continued4 #a4 ,farther observation and experience have given me a different idea of this little feathered voluptuary1#afi which ,i will venture to impart1 for the benefit of my school-boy readers1 who may regard him with the same unqualified envy and admiration which ,i once indulged4 #b4 ,i have shown him only as ,i saw him at first1 in what ,i may call the poetical part of his career1 when he1 in a manner1 devoted himself to elegant pursuits and enjoyments1 and was a bird of music1 and song1 and taste1 and sensibility1 and refinement4 ,while this lasted1 he was sacred from injury2 the very school-boy would not fling a stone at him1 and the merest rustic#agj would pause to listen to his strain4 #c4 ,but mark the difference4 ,as the year advances1 as the clover-blossoms disappear1 and the spring fades into summer1 his notes cease to vibrate#aga on the ear4 ,he gradually gives up his elegant tastes and habits1 doffs his poetical and professional suit of black1 assumes a russet1#agb or rather a dusky garb1 and enters into the gross enjoyments of common1 vulgar birds4 #d4 ,he becomes a bon vivant1 a mere gormand2#agc thinking of nothing but good cheer1 and gormandizing on the seeds of the long grasses1 on which he lately swung and chanted so musically4 ,he begins to think there is nothing like 8the joys of the table10 if ,i may be allowed to apply that convivial#agd phrase to his indulgences4 ,he now grows discontented with plain1 every-day fare1 and sets out on a gastronomical#age tour1 in search of foreign luxuries4#agf #e4 ,he is to be found in myriads#agg among the reeds of the ,delaware1 banquetting#agh on their seeds2 grows corpulent#agi with good feeding1 and soon acquires the unlucky renown of the ,ortolan4#ahj ,wherever he goes1 pop6 pop6 pop6 the rusty firelocks of the country are cracking on every side2 he sees his companions falling by thousands around him2 he is the reed-bird1 the much-sought for tit-bit of the ,pennsylvanian epicure4#aha #f4 ,does he take warning and reform8 ,not he6 ,he wings his flight still farther south in search of other luxuries4 ,we hear of him gorging#ahb himself in the rice swamps2 filling himself with rice almost to bursting2 he can hardly fly for corpulency4 ,last stage of his career1 we hear of him spitted by dozens1 and served up on the table of the gormand1 the most vaunted#ahc of southern dainties1 the rice-bird of the ,carolinas4 #g4 ,such is the story of the once musical and admired1 but finally sensual#ahd and persecuted#ahe ,bobolink4 ,it contains a moral1 worthy the attention of all little birds and little boys1 warning them to keep to those refined and intellectual#ahf pursuits1 which raised him to such a pitch of popularity1 during the early part of his career2 but to eschew#ahg all tendency to that gross and dissipated#ahh indulgence1 which brought this mistaken little bird to an untimely end4 #afi ,,vo-,,lup-,,tu-,a-,,ry1 one given to pleasure4 #agj ,,rus-,,tic1 dweller in the country4 #aga ,,vi-,,brate1 quiver4 #agb ,,rus-,,set1 reddish brown4 #agc ,,gor-,,mand1 glutton4 #agd ,,con-,,viv-,i-,,al1 festal2 social4 #age ,,gas-,,tro-,,nom-,,ic-,,al1 pertaining to good eating4 #agf ,,lux-,u-,,ries1 dainties4 #agg ,,myr-,i-,,ads1 tens of thousands4 #agh ,,ban-,,quet-,,ting1 feasting4 #agi ,,cor-,,pu-,,lent1 fleshy2 fat4 #ahj ,,or-,,to-,,lan1 delicate1 small bird4 #aha ,,ep-,i-,,cure1 one given to luxury4 #ahb ,,gorg-,,ing1 swallowing greedily4 #ahc ,,vaunt-,,ed1 boasted4 #ahd ,,sens-,u-,,al1 luxurious4 #ahe ,,per-,,se-,,cu-,,ted1 harassed2 vexed4 #ahf ,,in-,,tel-,,lect-,u-,,al1 mental4 #ahg ,,es-,,chew1 avoid2 shun4 #ahh ,,dis-,,si-,,pa-,,ted1 loose2 abandoned4 ,,xxi4--,,who ,,is ,,my ,,neighbor8 #a4 ,thy neighbor8 ,it is he whom thou ,hast power to aid#ahi and bless1 ,whose aching heart1 or burning brow ,thy soothing#aij hand may press4 #b4 ,thy neighbor8 ',tis the fainting poor1 ,whose eye with want is dim1 ,whom hunger sends from door to door-- ,go thou1 and succor#aia him4 #c4 ,thy neighbor8 ',tis that weary#aib man1 ,whose years are at their brim1 ,bent low with sickness1 cares and pain-- ,go thou1 and comfort him4 #d4 ,thy neighbor8 ',tis the heart bereft#aic ,of every earthly gem3 ,widow#aid and orphan helpless left-- ,go thou1 and shelter them4 #e4 ,whene'er thou meet'st a human form ,less favored#aie than thine own1 ,remember 'tis thy neighbor worm1 ,thy brother or thy son4 #f4 ,oh6 pass not1 pass not heedless by2 ,perhaps1 thou canst redeem ,the breaking heart from misery-- ,go1 share thy lot with him4 #ahi ,,aid1 help2 assist4 #aij ,,sooth-,,ing1 solacing4 #aia ,,suc-,,cor1 help2 relieve4 #aib ,,wea-,,ry1 tired2 fatigued4 #aic ,,be-,,reft1 deprived4 #aid ,,wid-,,ow1 a woman whose husband is dead4 #aie ,,fa-,,vor-,,ed1 benefitted4 ,,xxii4--,,portrait ,,of ,a ,,virtuous ,,and ,,accomplished ,,woman4 ,,fenelon4 #a4 ,antiope is mild1 simple1 and wise2 her hands despise not labor2 she foresees things at a distance2 she provides against contingencies#aif she knows when it is proper to be silent2 she acts regularly and without hurry2 she is continually employed1 but never embarrassed1#aig because she does every thing in its proper season4 #b4 ,the good order of her father's house is her glory1 it adds greater luster#aih to her than beauty4 ,though the care of all lies upon her1 and she is charged with the burden of reproving1#aii refusing1 retrenching#bjj 7things which make almost all women hated71 yet she has acquired the love of all the household2 and this1 because they do not find in her either passion1 or conceitedness1#bja or levity1 or humors as in other women4 ,by a single glance of her eye1 they know her meaning1 and are afraid to displease her4 #c4 ,the orders she gives are precise2 she commands nothing but what can be performed2 she reproves with kindness1 and in reproving encourages4 ,her father's heart reposes upon her as a traveler1 fainting beneath the sun's sultry rays1 reposes himself upon the tender grass under a shady tree4 #d4 ,antiope is a treasure worth seeking in the most remote corners of the earth4 ,neither her person nor her mind is set off with vain ornaments2 and her imagination1 though lively1 is restrained by her discretion4 ,she never speaks but through necessity2 and when she opens her mouth1 soft persuasion and simple graces flow from her lips4 ,when she speaks1 every one is silent2 and she is heard with such attention1 that she blushes1 and is almost inclined to suppress#bjb what she intended to say2 so that she is rarely ever heard to speak at any length4 #aif ,,con-,,tin-,,gen-,,cies1 chances1 casual events1 possibilities4 #aig ,,em-,,bar-,,rassed1 perplexed1 confused4 #aih ,,lus-,,ter1 brightness1 splendor1 brilliancy4 #aii ,,re-,,prove1 to censure to one's face1 to reprimand4 #bjj ,,re-,,trench1 to lessen1 to curtail4 #bja ,,con-,,ceit-,,ed-,,ness1 pride1 vanity4 #bjb ,,sup-,,press1 to restrain1 to conceal4 ,,xxiii4--,,the ,,work ,,of ,,to-,,day4 ,,charles ,,mackay4 #a4 ,if ,fortune with a smiling face1 ,strew roses on our way1 ,when shall we stoop to pick them up8 ,to-day1 my friend1 to-day4 ,but should she frown with face of care4 ,and talk of coming sorrow1 ,when shall we grieve if grieve#bjc we must8 ,to-morrow1 friend1 to-morrow4 #b4 ,if those who've wronged us1 own their fault1 ,and kindly pity pray1 ,when shall we listen1 and forgive8 ,to-day1 my friend1 to-day4 ,but1 if stern#bjd ,justice urge#bje rebuke1#bjf ,and warmth from ,memory borrow1 ,when shall we chide1#bjg if chide we dare8 ,to-morrow1 friend1 to-morrow4 #c4 ,if those to whom we owe a debt1 ,are harmed unless we pay1 ,when shall we struggle to be just8 ,to-day1 my friend1 to-day4 ,but1 if our debtor#bjh fail our hope1 ,and plead his ruin thorough1#bji ,when shall we weigh his breach#baj of faith8 ,to-morrow1 friend1 to-morrow4 #d4 ,for virtuous#baa acts1 and harmless joys1 ,the minutes will not stay2 ,we've always time to welcome them1 ,to-day1 my friend1 to-day4 ,but care1 resentment1#bab angry words1 ,and unavailing sorrow1 ,come far too soon1 if they appear ,to-morrow1 friend1 to-morrow4 #bjc ,,grieve1 mourn1 sorrow4 #bjd ,,stern1 severe1 rigid4 #bje ,,urge1 press1 impel4 #bjf ,,re-,,buke1 reproof1 reprehension4 #bjg ,,chide1 blame1 reproach4 #bjh ,,debt-,,or1 one that owes4 #bji ,,thor-,,ough1 complete1 perfect4 #baj ,,breach1 non-fulfillment1 violation4 #baa ,,vir-,,tuous1 morally good4 #bab ,,re-,,sent-,,ment1 retaliation4 ,,xxiv4--,,the ,,avaricious ,,miller4 ,,goldsmith4 ,oliver ,goldsmith was born in #agca1 at ,pallasmore1 ,county of ,longford1 ,ireland1 and died in #aggd4 ,the works of ,goldsmith are more popular to-day than those of any ,english author of the ,eighteenth ,century4 ,he was equally successful as a novelist and a poet4 ,his 8,vicar of ,wakefield01 8,traveller10 and 8,deserted ,village0 are each models of excellence in their way4 ,his essays1 also1 have rare merit4 #a4 ,whang1 the miller1 was naturally avaricious2#bac nobody loved money better than he1 or more respected those that had it4 ,when people would talk of a rich man in company1 ,whang would say1 8,i know him very well2 he and ,i have been very long acquainted2 he and ,i are intimate40#bad #b4 ,but1 if a poor man was mentioned1 he had not the least knowledge of the man2 he might be very well1 for aught he knew2 but he was not fond of making many acquaintances1 and loved to choose his company4 #c4 ,whang1 however1 with all his eagerness#bae for riches1 was poor4 ,he had nothing but the profits of his mill to support him2 but1 though these were small1 they were certain3 while it stood and went1 he was sure of eating2 and his frugality#baf was such1 that he1 every day1 laid some money by2 which he would1 at intervals1 count and contemplate with much satisfaction4 #d4 ,yet still his acquisitions#bag were not equal to his desires2 he only found himself above want1 whereas he desired to be possessed of affluence4#bah ,one day1 as he was indulging these wishes1 he was informed that a neighbor of his had found a pan of money under ground1 having dreamed of it three nights in succession4#bai #e4 ,these tidings were daggers to the heart of poor ,whang4 8,here am ,i10 said he1 8toiling and moiling#bbj from morning till night for a few paltry farthings1 while neighbor ,thanks only goes quietly to bed1 and dreams himself into thousands before morning4 ,oh1 that ,i could dream like him6 ,with what pleasure would ,i dig round the pan6 ,how slyly would ,i carry it home6 ,not even my wife should see me6 ,and then1 oh the pleasure of thrusting one's hands into a heap of gold up to the elbows60 #f4 ,such reflections only served to make the miller unhappy4 ,he discontinued#bba his former assiduity2#bbb he was quite disgusted#bbc with small gains1 and his customers began to forsake him4 ,every day he repeated the wish1 and every night laid himself down in order to dream4 ,fortune1 that was for a long time unkind1 at last1 however1 seemed to smile upon his distress1 and indulged#bbd him with the wished-for vision4 #g4 ,he dreamed that under a certain part of the foundation of his mill1 there was concealed a monstrous#bbe pan of gold and diamonds1 buried deep in the ground1 and covered with a large flat stone4 ,he concealed his good luck from every person1 as is usual in money-dreams1 in order to have the vision repeated the two succeeding#bbf nights1 by which he should be certain of its truth4 ,his wishes in this1 also1 were answered2 he still dreamed of the same pan of money1 in the very same place4 #h4 ,now1 therefore1 it was past a doubt2 so1 getting up early the third morning1 he repaired1 alone1 with a mattock#bbg in his hand1 to the mill1 and began to undermine#bbh that part of the wall to which the vision directed4 ,the first omen#bbi of success that he met with was a broken ring2 digging still deeper1 he turned up a house-tile1 quite new and entire4 #i4 ,at last1 after much digging1 he came to a broad1 flat stone2 but1 then1 it was so large1 that it was beyond his strength to remove it4 8,there10 cried he in raptures to himself1 8there it is6 under this stone1 there is room for a very large pan of diamonds1 indeed4 ,i must even go home to my wife1 and tell her the whole affair1 and get her to assist me in turning it up40 ,away1 therefore1 he goes1 and acquaints his wife with every circumstance of their good fortune4 #aj4 ,her raptures1 on this occasion1 may easily be imagined2#bcj she flew round his neck1 and embraced him in an agony of joy4 ,but these transports1 however1 did not allay their eagerness to know the exact sum2 returning together to the place where ,whang had been digging1 there they found--not1 indeed1 the expected treasure--but the mill1 their only support1 undermined and fallen6 #bac ,,av-,a-,,ri-,,cious1 greedy after gain4 #bad ,,in-,,ti-,,mate1 close in friendship4 #bae ,,ea-,,ger-,,ness1 ardent desire4 #baf ,,fru-,,gal-,i-,,ty1 wise economy4 #bag ,,ac-,,qui-,,si-,,tions1 gains4 #bah ,,af-,,flu-,,ence1 great wealth4 #bai ,,suc-,,ces-,,sion1 regular order4 #bbj ,,moil-,,ing1 drudging2 laboring4 #bba ,,dis-,,con-,,tin-,u-,,ed1 ceased4 #bbb ,,as-,,si-,,du-,i-,,ty1 untiring diligence4 #bbc ,,dis-,,gust-,,ed1 greatly dissatisfied4 #bbd ,,in-,,dulg-,,ed1 gratified4 #bbe ,,mon-,,strous1 very large4 #bbf ,,suc-,,ceed-,,ing1 following4 #bbg ,,mat-,,tock1 pick-ax4 #bbh ,,un-,,der-,,mine1 dig under4 #bbi ,o-,,men1 sign2 token4 #bcj ,,im-,,ag-,,in-,,ed4 conceived4 ,,xxv4--,,the ,,death ,,of ,,the ,,little ,,scholar4 ,,dickens4 ,charles ,dickens died in #ahgj4 ,he was the most popular ,english novelist of our day4 #a4 ,without further preface1 he conducted them into his little school-room1 which was parlor and kitchen likewise1 and told them they were welcome to remain under his roof till morning4 ,the child looked round the room as she took her seat4 ,the chief ornaments of the walls were certain moral sentences1 fairly copied in good round text1 and well-worked sums in simple addition and multiplication1 evidently achieved#bca by the same hand1 which were plentifully pasted around the room2 for the double purpose1 as it seemed1 of bearing testimony to the excellence of the school1 and kindling a worthy emulation in the bosoms of the scholars4 #b4 8,yes10 said the schoolmaster1 observing that her attention was caught by these specimens1 8that's beautiful writing1 my dear40 8,very sir10 replied the child1 modestly2 8is it yours80 8,mine60 he returned1 taking out his spectacles1 and putting them on1 to have a better view of the triumphs so dear to his heart2 8,i couldn't write like that nowadays4 ,no3 they are all done by one hand2 a little hand it is2 not so old as yours1 but a very clever#bcb one40 #c4 ,as the schoolmaster said this1 he saw that a small blot of ink had been thrown upon one of the copies2 so he took a penknife from his pocket1 and going up to the wall carefully scratched it out4 ,when he had finished1 he walked slowly backward from the writing1 admiring it as one might contemplate#bcc a beautiful picture1 but with something of sadness in his voice and manner1 which quite touched the child1 though she was unacquainted with its cause4 #d4 8,a little hand1 indeed10 said the poor schoolmaster4 8,far beyond all his companions1 in his learning and his sports too4 ,how did he ever come to be so fond of me6 ,that ,i should love him is no wonder1 but that he should love me--0 ,and there the schoolmaster stopped1 and took off his spectacles to wipe them1 as though they had grown dim4 8,i hope there is nothing the matter1 sir10 said ,nell1 anxiously4 #e4 8,not much1 my dear10 returned the schoolmaster2 8,i hoped to have seen him on the green to-night4 ,he was always foremost among them4 ,but he'll be there to-morrow40 8,has he been ill80 asked the child with a child's quick sympathy4 #f4 8,not very4 ,they said he was wandering in his head yesterday1 dear boy1 and so they said the day before4 ,but that's a part of that kind of disorder2 it's not a bad sign--not at all a bad sign40 ,the child was silent4 ,he walked to the door1 and looked wistfully out4 ,the shadows of night were gathering1 and all was still4 #g4 8,if he could lean on somebody's arm1 he would come to me1 ,i know10 he said1 returning into the room4 8,he always came into the garden to say good night4 ,but perhaps his illness has only just taken a favorable turn1 and it's too late for him to come out1 for it's very damp1 and there's a heavy dew4 ,it's much better he shouldn't come to-night40 #h4 ,the next day1 towards night1 an old woman came tottering up the garden as speedily as she could1 and meeting the schoolmaster at the door1 said he was to go to ,dame ,west's directly1 and had best run on before her4 ,he and the child were on the point of going out together for a walk1 and without relinquishing her hand1 the schoolmaster hurried away1 leaving the messenger to follow as she might4 #i4 ,they stopped at a cottage door1 and the schoolmaster knocked softly at it with his hand4 ,it was opened without loss of time4 ,they passed into an inner room1 where his infant friend1 half-dressed1 lay stretched upon a bed4 #aj4 ,he was a very young boy2 quite a little child4 ,his hair still hung in curls about his face1 and his eyes were very bright2 but their light was of heaven1 not earth4 ,the schoolmaster took a seat beside him1 and stooping over the pillow1 whispered his name4 ,the boy sprang up1 threw his wasted arms around his neck1 crying out that he was his dear1 kind friend4 #aa4 8,i hope ,i always was4 ,i meant to be1 ,god knows10 said the poor schoolmaster4 8,who is that80 said the boy1 seeing ,nell4 8,i am afraid to kiss her1 lest ,i should make her ill4 ,ask her to shake hands with me40 #ab4 ,the sobbing child came closer up1 and took the little languid hand in hers4 ,releasing his again after a time1 the sick boy laid him gently down4 #ac4 8,you remember the garden1 ,harry10 whispered the schoolmaster1 anxious to rouse him1 for a dulness seemed gathering upon the child1 8and how pleasant it used to be in the evening8 ,you must make haste to visit it again1 for ,i think the very flowers have missed you1 and are less gay than they used to be4 ,you will come soon1 my dear1 very soon now1 won't you80 #ad4 ,the boy smiled faintly--so very1 very faintly--and put his hand upon his friend's gray head4 ,he moved his lips1 too1 but no voice came from them1 no1 not a sound4 ,in the silence that ensued1 the hum of distant voices1 borne upon the evening air1 came floating through the open window4 #ae4 8,what's that80 said the sick child1 opening his eyes4 8,the boys at play upon the green40 ,he took a handkerchief from his pillow1 and tried to wave it above his head4 ,but the feeble arm dropped powerless down4 8,shall ,i do it80 said the schoolmaster4 #af4 8,please wave it at the window10 was the faint reply4 8,tie it to the lattice4#bcd ,some of them may see it there4 ,perhaps they'll think of me1 and look this way40 #ag4 ,he raised his head1 and glanced from the fluttering signal to his idle bat1 that lay1 with slate and book1 and other boyish property1 upon a table in the room4 ,and then he laid him down softly once more1 and asked if the little girl were there1 for he could not see her4 #ah4 ,she stepped forward and pressed the passive hand that lay upon the coverlet4 ,the two old friends and companions--for such they were1 though they were man and child--held each other in a long embrace1 and then the little scholar turned his face towards the wall1 and fell asleep4 #ai4 ,the poor schoolmaster sat in the same place1 holding the small1 cold hand in his1 and chafing it4 ,it was but the hand of a dead child4 ,he felt that2 and yet he chafed it still1 and could not lay it down4 #bca ,a-,,chieved1 performed1 completed1 done4 #bcb ,,clev-,,er1 skilful1 dexterous1 able4 #bcc ,,con-,,tem-,,plate1 consider closely4 #bcd ,,lat-,,tice1 a window blind or screen made by strips and bars crossing each other and forming open spaces like net work4 ,,xxvi4--,,god1 ,,the ,,true ,,source ,,of ,,consolation4 ,,moore4 ,thomas ,moore was born in ,dublin1 ,ireland1 in #aggi1 and died in #aheb4 ,he was the sweetest and most brilliant lyric poet of his time4 ,many of his ,irish melodies are unequaled for their sparkling gems of wit and fancy1 and for deep and tender sentiment4 #a4 ,o ,thou1 who dry'st the mourner's tear1 ,how dark this world would be1 ,if1 when deceived and wounded here1 ,we could not fly to ,thee6 #b4 ,the friends1 who in our sunshine live1 ,when winter comes1 are flown2 ,and he who has but tears to give1 ,must weep those tears alone4 #c4 ,but ,thou wilt heal the broken heart ,which like the plants that throw ,their fragrance from the wounded part1 ,breathes sweetness out of woe4 #d4 ,when joy no longer soothes or cheers1 ,and e'en the hope that threw ,a moment's sparkle o'er our tears1 ,is dimm'd and vanish'd too6 #e4 ,oh6 who could bear life's stormy doom1 ,did not ,thy wing of love ,come brightly wafting through the gloom ,our peace-branch from above6 #f4 ,then1 sorrow1 touch'd by ,thee1 grows bright ,with more than rapture's ray1 ,as darkness shows us worlds of light1 ,we never saw by day4 ,,xxvii4--,,the ,,martyrdom ,,of ,,st4 ,,agnes4 ,,de ,,vere4 ,aubrey ,de ,vere is one of the most gifted and accomplished of living poets4 ,,angels4 #a4 ,bearing lilies in our bosom1 ,holy ,agnes1 we have flown ,missioned from the ,heaven of ,heavens ,unto thee1 and thee alone4 ,we are coming1 we are flying1 ,to behold thy happy dying4 ,,agnes4 #b4 ,bearing lilies far before you1 ,whose fresh odors1 backward blown1 ,light those smiles upon your faces1 ,mingling sweet breath with your own1 ,ye are coming smoothly1 slowly1 ,to the lowliest of the lowly4 ,,angels4 #c4 ,unto us the boon was given2 ,one glad message1 holy maid1 ,on the lips of two blest spirits1 ,like an incense-grain was laid4 ,as it bears us on like lightning1 ,cloudy skies are round us brightening4 ,,agnes4 #d4 ,i am here1 a mortal maiden3 ,if our father aught hath said1 ,let me hear ,his words and do them4 ,ought ,i not to feel afraid1 ,as ye come1 your shadows flinging ,o'er a breast1 to meet them springing8 ,,angels4 #e4 ,agnes1 there is joy in ,heaven2 ,gladness1 like the day1 is flung ,o'er the spaces never measured1 ,and from every angel's tongue ,swell those songs of impulse vernal1 ,all whose echoes are eternal4 #f4 ,agnes1 from the depth of ,heaven ,joy is rising1 like a spring ,borne above its grassy margin1 ,borne in many a crystal ring2 ,each o'er beds of wild flowers gliding1 ,over each low murmurs sliding4 #g4 ,when a ,christian lies expiring1 ,angel choirs1 with plumes outspread1 ,bend above his death-bed1 singing3 ,that1 when ,death's mild sleep is fled1 ,there may be no harsh transition ,while he greets the ,heavenly ,vision4 ,,agnes4 #h4 ,am ,i dreaming1 blessed angels8 ,late ye floated two in one2 ,now1 a thousand radiant spirits ,round me weave a glistening zone4 ,lilies1 as they wind extending1 ,roses with those lilies blending4 #i4 ,see6 th' horizon's ring they circle2 ,now they gird the zenith blue2 ,and now1 o'er every brake and billow ,float like mist and flash like dew4 ,all the earth1 with life o'erflowing1 ,into heavenly shapes is growing6 #aj4 ,they are rising6 they are rising6 ,as they rise1 the veil is riven6 ,they are rising6 ,i am rising-- ,rising with them into ,heaven6-- ,rising with those shining legions ,into life's eternal regions6 ,,xxviii4--,,the ,,monk ,,of ,,st4 ,,francis4 ,,sterne4 #a4 ,a poor monk1 of the ,order of ,st4 ,francis1 came into the room to beg something for his convent4 ,the moment ,i cast my eyes upon him1 ,i was determined not to give him a single sous2 and accordingly ,i put my purse into my pocket--buttoned it up--set myself a little more upon my center1 and advanced up gravely to him3 there was something1 ,i fear1 forbidding#bce in my look3 ,i have his figure#bcf this moment before my eyes1 and think there was that in it which deserved better4 #b4 ,the monk1 as ,i judged from the break in his tonsure1 a few scattered white hairs upon his temples being all that remained of it1 might be about seventy2 but from his eyes and that sort of fire which was in them1 which seemed more tempered#bcg by courtesy than years1 he could be no more than sixty--truth might lie between--he was certainly sixty-five2 and the general air of his countenance1 notwithstanding something seemed to have been planting wrinkles in it before their time1 agreed to the account4 #c4 ,it was one of those heads which ,guido has often painted--mild1 pale1 penetrating2 free from all commonplace ideas of fat contented ignorance1 looking downwards upon the earth4 ,it looked forwards2 but looked as if it looked at something beyond this world4444 ,it would have suited a ,brahmin2#bch and had ,i met it upon the plains of ,hindostan1 ,i had reverenced it4 #d4 ,the rest of his outline may be given in a few strokes3 one might put it into the hands of any one to design2 for it was neither elegant nor otherwise1 but as character and expression made it so4 ,it was a thin1 spare form1 something above the common size1 if it lost not the distinction by a bend forwards in the figure--but it was the attitude#bci of entreaty2 and1 as it now stands present to my imagination1 it gained more than it lost by it4 #e4 ,when he had entered the room three paces1 he stood still2 and1 laying his left hand upon his breast 7a slender white staff with which he journeyed being in his right71 when ,i had got close up to him1 he introduced himself with the little story of the wants of his convent1 and the poverty of his order--and did it with so simple a grace--and such an air of deprecation#bdj was there in the whole cast of his look and figure--,i was bewitched not to have been struck with it4 ,a better reason was1 ,i had predetermined not to give him a single sous4 #f4 8',tis very true10 said ,i1 replying to a cast upwards with his eyes1 with which he had concluded his address--8'tis very true--and heaven be their resource#bda who have no other but the charity of the world2 the stock of which1 ,i fear1 is no way sufficient for the many great claims which are hourly made upon it40 #g4 ,as ,i pronounced the words 8great claims10 he gave a slight glance with his eye downwards upon the sleeve of his tunic4#bdb ,i felt the full force of the appeal4 8,i acknowledge it10 said ,i--8a coarse habit1 and that but once in three years1 with meagre diet1 are no great matters3 and the true point of pity is1 as they can be earned in the world with so little industry1 that your order should wish to procure them by pressing upon a fund which is the property of the lame1 the blind1 the aged1 and the infirm4 #h4 8,the captive who lies down counting over and over again the days of his afflictions1 languishes also for his share of it2 and had you been of the order of mercy1 instead of the order of ,st4 ,francis1 poor as ,i am10 continued ,i1 pointing at my portmanteau1#bdc 8full cheerfully should it have been opened to you for the ransom of the unfortunate40 ,the monk made me a bow4 #i4 8,but10 resumed ,i1 8the unfortunate of our own country1 surely1 have the first right2 and ,i have left thousands in distress upon the ,english shore40 ,the monk gave a cordial wave with his head1 as much as to say1 no doubt1 there is misery enough in every corner of the world1 as well as within our convent4 8,but we distinguish10 said ,i1 laying my hand upon the sleeve of his tunic1 in return for his appeal--8we distinguish1 my good father1 betwixt those who wish only to eat the bread of their own labor1 and those who eat the bread of other people's1 and have no other plan in life1 but to get through it in sloth and ignorance for the love of ,god40 #aj4 ,the poor ,franciscan made no reply3 a hectic of a moment passed across his cheek1 but could not tarry4 ,nature seemed to have done with her resentments in him2 he showed none--but1 letting his staff fall within his arm1 he pressed both his hands with resignation upon his breast1 and retired4 #aa4 ,my heart smote me the moment he shut the door4 8,pshaw60 said ,i1 with an air of carelessness1 three several times2 but it would not do3 every ungracious syllable ,i had uttered1 crowded back into my imagination2 ,i reflected ,i had no right over the poor ,franciscan1 but to deny him2 and that the punishment of that was enough to the disappointed1 without the addition of unkind language4 ,i considered his gray hairs--his courteous figure seemed to re-enter1 and gently ask me what injury he had done me1 and why ,i could use him thus4 ,i would have given twenty livres#bdd for an advocate4 8,i have behaved very ill10 said ,i within myself2 8but ,i have only just set out upon my travels1 and shall learn better manners as ,i get along40 #bce ,,for-,,bid-,,ding1 repulsive4 #bcf ,,fig-,,ure1 shape1 appearance4 #bcg ,,tem-,,pered1 softened1 moderated4 #bch ,,brah-,,min1 a priest among the ,hindoos4 #bci ,,at-,,ti-,,tude1 posture1 position4 #bdj ,,dep-,,re-,,ca-,,tion1 regret for1 excusing1 begging pardon for4 #bda ,,re-,,source1 resort1 means of supply4 #bdb ,,tu-,,nic1 a garment4 #bdc ,,port-,,man-,,teau1 a bag to carry clothing in4 #bdd ,,liv-,,re1 a ,french money of account equal to #ah cents4 ,,xxix4--,,my ,,mother',s ,,grave4 ,,dr4 ,,brownson4 ,dr4 ,brownson is a writer of very great ability4 ,his 8,review10 which he conducted for several years1 and for which he wrote nearly every article1 was marked by unrivaled logical power and great boldness and independence4 ,since the discontinuance of his 8,review10 he has published the 8,american ,republic0 a very able and elaborate work4 #a4 ,i lingered several weeks around the grave of my mother1 and in the neighborhood where she had lived4 ,it was the place where ,i had passed my own childhood and youth4 ,it was the scene of those early associations which become the dearer to us as we leave them the farther behind4 ,i stood where ,i had sported in the freedom of early childhood2 but ,i stood alone1 for no one was there with whom ,i could speak of its frolics4#bde ,one feels singularly desolate#bdf when he sees only strange faces1 and hears only strange voices in what was the home of his early life4 #b4 ,i returned to the village where ,i resided when ,i first introduced myself to my readers4 ,but what was that spot to me now8 ,nature had done much for it1 but nature herself is very much what we make her4 ,there must be beauty in our souls1 or we shall see no loveliness in her face2 and beauty had died out of my soul4 ,she who might have recalled it to life and thrown its hues over all the world was--but of that ,i will not speak4 #c4 ,it was now that ,i really needed the hope of immortality4#bdg ,the world was to me one vast desert1 and life was without end or aim4 ,the hope of immortality6 ,we want it when earth has lost its gloss of novelty2 when our hopes have been blasted1 our affections withered1 and the shortness of life and the vanity of all human pursuits have come home to us and made us exclaim1#bdh 8,vanity of vanities1 all is vanity30 we want then the hope of immortality to give to life an end1 an aim4 #d4 ,we all of us at times feel this want4 ,the infidel feels it in early life4 ,he learns all too soon1 what to him is a withering fact1 that man does not complete his destiny on earth4 ,man never completes any thing here4 ,what then shall he do if there be no hereafter8 ,with what courage can ,i betake myself to my task8 ,i may begin2 but the grave lies between me and the completion4#bdi ,death will come to interrupt my work1 and compel me to leave it unfinished4 #e4 ,this is more terrible to me than the thought of ceasing4 ,i could almost 7at least ,i think ,i could7 consent to be no more after ,i had finished my work1 achieved#bej my destiny2 but to die before my work is completed1 while that destiny is but begun1--this is the death which comes to me indeed as a 8,king of ,terrors40 #f4 ,the hope of another life to be the complement#bea of this1 steps in to save us from this death to give us the courage and the hope to begin4 ,the rough sketch shall hereafter become the finished picture3 the artist shall give it the last touch at his easel1 the science we had just begun shall be completed1 and the incipient#beb destiny shall be achieved4 ,fear not then to begin2 thou hast eternity before thee in which to end4 #bde ,,frol-,,ics1 wild pranks2 scenes of mirth4 #bdf ,,des-,o-,,late1 lonely2 comfortless4 #bdg ,,im-,,mor-,,tal-,i-,,ty1 endless existence hereafter4 #bdh ,,ex-,,claim1 cry out4 #bdi ,,com-,,ple-,,tion1 fulfillment4 #bej ,a-,,chieved1 accomplished4 #bea ,,com-,,ple-,,ment1 that which completes4 #beb ,,in-,,cip-,i-,,ent1 commencing2 beginning4 ,,xxx4--,,good ,,counsel4 #a4 ,never speak anything for a truth1 which you know or believe to be false4 ,lying is a great sin against ,god1 who gave us a tongue to speak the truth1 and not falsehood4 ,it is a great offense against humanity#bec itself2 for1 where there is no regard to truth1 there can be no safe society between man and man4 #b4 ,and it is an injury to the speaker2 for1 beside the disgrace which it brings upon him1 it occasions so much baseness of mind1 that he can scarcely tell the truth1 or avoid lying1 even when he has no color of necessity for it2 and1 in time1 he comes to such a pass1 that as other people can not believe he speaks the truth1 so he himself scarcely knows when he tells a falsehood4 #c4 ,you must not equivocate#bed nor speak anything positively for which you have no authority1 but report1 or conjecture1 or opinion4 #d4 ,let your words be few1 especially1 when your superiors or strangers are present1 lest you betray your own weakness1 and rob yourselves of the opportunity which you might1 otherwise1 have had to gain knowledge1 wisdom1 and experience by hearing those whom you silence by your impertinent talking4 #e4 ,be not too earnest1 loud1 or violent in your conversation4 ,silence your opponent with reason1 not with noise4 #f4 ,be careful not to interrupt another when he is speaking2 hear him out1 and you will understand him the better and be able to give him the better answer4 #g4 ,consider before you speak1 especially1 when the business is of moment2 weigh the sense of what you mean to utter1 and the expressions you intend to use1 that they may be significant1 pertinent1 and inoffensive4 ,inconsiderate persons do not think till they speak2 or they speak1 and then think4 #h4 ,some people excel in husbandry1 some in gardening1 some in mathematics4 ,in conversation1 learn1 as near as you can1 where the skill or excellence of any person lies2 put him upon talking on that subject1 observe what he says1 keep it in your memory1 or commit it to writing4 ,by this means1 you will glean the worth and knowledge of every body you converse with2 and1 at an easy rate1 acquire what may be of use to you on many occasions4 #i4 ,when you are in company with light1 vain1 impertinent persons1 let the observing of their failings make you the more cautious1 both in conversation with them and in your general behavior1 that you may avoid their errors4 #aj4 ,if any one whom you do not know to be a person of truth1 sobriety1 and weight1 relates strange stories1 be not too ready to believe or report them2 and yet unless he is one of your familiar acquaintances1 be not too forward to contradict him4 #aa4 ,if the occasion requires you to declare your opinion1 do it modestly and gently1 not bluntly nor coarsely2 by this means1 you will avoid giving offense1 or being abused for too much credulity4 #bec ,,hu-,,man-,i-,,ty1 mankind4 #bed ,e-,,quiv-,o-,,cate1 speak purposely so as to convey a false impression4 ,,xxxi4--,,the ,,sister ,,of ,,charity4 ,,gerald ,,griffin4 #a4 ,she once was a lady of honor and wealth1 ,bright glowed on her features the roses of health2 ,her vesture was blended of silk and of gold1 ,and her motion shook perfume from every fold3 ,joy revelled around her--love shone at her side1 ,and gay was her smile1 as the glance of a bride2 ,and light was her step in the mirth-sounding hall1 ,when she heard of the daughters of ,vincent de ,paul4 #b4 ,she felt1 in her spirit1 the summons#bee of grace1 ,that called her to live for the suffering race2 ,and heedless of pleasure1 of comfort1 of home1 ,rose quickly like ,mary1 and answered1 8,i come40 ,she put from her person the trappings#bef of pride1 ,and passed from her home1 with the joy of a bride1 ,nor wept at the threshold1 as onwards she moved-- ,for her heart was on fire in the cause it approved4 #c4 ,lost ever to fashion--to vanity lost1 ,that beauty that once was the song and the toast-- ,no more in the ball-room that figure we meet1 ,but gliding at dusk to the wretch's retreat1 ,forgot in the halls is that high-sounding name1 ,for the ,sister of ,charity blushes at fame2 ,forgot are the claims of her riches and birth1 ,for she barters for heaven the glory of earth4 #d4 ,those feet1 that to music could gracefully move1 ,now bear her alone on the mission of love2 ,those hands that once dangled the perfume and gem1 ,are tending#beg the helpless1 or lifted for them2 ,that voice that once echoed the song of the vain4 ,now whispers relief to the bosom of pain2 ,and the hair that was shining with diamond and pearl1 ,is wet with the tears of the penitent girl4 #e4 ,her down bed--a pallet2 her trinkets--a bead2 ,her lustre--one taper that serves her to read2 ,her sculpture--the crucifix nailed by her bed2 ,her paintings--one print of the thorn-crowned head2 ,her cushion--the pavement that wearies her knees2 ,her music--the psalm1 or sigh of disease2 ,the delicate lady lives mortified#beh there1 ,and the feast is forsaken for fasting and prayer4 #f4 ,yet not to the service of heart and of mind1 ,are the cares of that heaven-minded virgin confined4 ,like him whom she loves1 to the mansions of grief ,she hastes with the tidings of joy and relief4 ,she strengthens the weary--she comforts the weak1 ,and soft is her voice in the ear of the sick2 ,where want and affliction on mortals attend1 ,the ,sister of ,charity there is a friend4 #g4 ,unshrinking where pestilence scatters his breath1 ,like an angel she moves1 'mid the vapor of death2 ,where rings the loud musket1 and flashes the sword1 ,unfearing she walks1 for she follows the ,lord4 ,how sweetly she bends over each plague-tainted face1 ,with looks that are lighted with holiest grace2 ,how kindly she dresses each suffering limb1 ,for she sees in the wounded the image of ,him4 #h4 ,behold her1 ye worldly6 behold her1 ye vain6 ,who shrink from the pathway of virtue and pain2 ,who yield up to pleasure your nights and your days1 ,forgetful of service1 forgetful of praise4 ,ye lazy philosophers--self-seeking men1-- ,ye fireside philanthropists1 great at the pen1 ,how stands in the balance your eloquence weighed ,with the life and the deeds of that high-born maid8 #bee ,,sum-,,mons1 a call4 #bef ,,trap-,,pings1 ornaments4 #beg ,,tend-,,ing1 attending2 keeping4 #beh ,,mor-,,ti-,,fied1 subdued2 humbled4 ,,xxxii4--,,reproof ,,to ,,an ,,affected#bei ,,speaker4 ,,la ,,bruyere4 #a4 ,what do you say8 ,what8 ,i really do not understand you4 ,be so good as to explain yourself again4 ,upon my word1 ,i do not4 ,o1 now ,i know6 you mean to tell me it is a cold day4 ,why did you not say at once3 8,it is cold to-day40 ,if you wish to inform me it rains or snows1 pray say3 8,it rains10 8it snows20 or1 if you think ,i look well1 and you choose to compliment#bfj me1 say1 8,i think you look well40 #b4 8,but10 you answer1 8that is so common1 and so plain1 and what every body can say40 ,well1 and what if they can8 ,is it so great a misfortune to be understood when one speaks1 and to speak like the rest of the world8 ,i will tell you what1 my friend2 you and your fine-spoken brethren want one thing--you do not suspect#bfa it1 and ,i shall astonish#bfb you--you want common sense4 #c4 ,nay1 this is not all2 you have something too much2 you possess an opinion that you have more sense than others4 ,that is the source of all your pompous#bfc nothings1 your cloudy sentences1 and your big words without a meaning4 ,before you accost#bfd a person1 or enter a room1 let me pull you by your sleeve1 and whisper in your ear3 8,do not try to show off your sense2 have none at all2 that is your part4 ,use plain language1 if you can2 just such as you find others use1 who1 in your idea1 have no understanding2 and then1 perhaps1 you will get credit for having some40 #bei ,,af-,,fect-,,ed1 not natural4 #bfj ,,com-,,pli-,,ment1 praise1 flatter4 #bfa ,,sus-,,pect1 mistrust4 #bfb ,,as-,,ton-,,ish1 to amaze4 #bfc ,,pomp-,,ous1 ostentatious4 #bfd ,,ac-,,cost1 speak to2 address4 ,,xxxiii4--,,my ,,birthday4 ,,thomas ,,moore4 #a4 8,my birthday60--what a different sound ,that word had in my youthful ears6 ,and how1 each time the day comes round1 ,less and less white the mark appears6 ,when first our scanty years are told1 ,it seems like pastime to grow old2 ,and1 as youth counts the shining links ,that ,time around him binds so fast1 ,pleased with the task1 he little thinks ,how hard that chain will press1 at last4 #b4 ,vain was the man1 and false as vain1 ,who said3 8,were he ordained#bfe to run ,his long career#bff of life again1 ,he would do all that he had done40 ,ah6 'tis not thus the voice that dwells ,in sober birthdays1 speaks to me2 ,far otherwise--of time it tells ,lavished#bfg unwisely1 carelessly1 ,of counsel mocked--of talents made1 ,haply1#bfh for high and pure designs1 ,but oft1 like ,israel's incense1 laid ,upon unholy1 earthly shrines1 ,of nursing many a wrong desire1 ,of wandering after ,love too far1 ,and taking every meteor fire ,that crossed my path-way1 for his star6 #c4 ,all this it tells1 and ,i could trace#bfi ,the imperfect picture o'er again1 ,with power to add1 retouch1#bgj efface#bga ,the lights and shades1 the joy and pain1 ,how little of the past would stay6 ,how quickly all should melt away1 ,all--but that freedom of the mind1 ,which hath been more than wealth to me2 ,those friendships in my boyhood twined1#bgb ,and kept till now unchangingly4#bgc ,and that dear home1 that saving ark1 ,where love's true light at last1 ,i've found1 ,cheering within when all grows dark1 ,and comfortless1 and storm around4 #bfe ,,or-,,dain-,,ed1 appointed4 #bff ,,ca-,,reer1 race1 course4 #bfg ,,lav-,,ished1 wasted4 #bfh ,,hap-,,ly1 perhaps1 perchance4 #bfi ,,trace1 delineate1 draw4 #bgj ,,re-,,touch1 improve by new touches4 #bga ,,ef-,,face1 erase1 blot out4 #bgb ,,twin-,,ed1 closely united4 #bgc ,,un-,,chang-,,ing-,,ly1 unvaryingly4 ,,xxxiv4--,,labor4 ,,frances ,,osgood4 #a4 ,pause not to dream of the future before us2 ,pause not to weep the wild cares that come o'er us2 ,hark6 how creation's deep musical chorus1#bgd ,unintermitting1#bge goes up into ,heaven6 ,never the ocean-wave falters#bgf in flowing1 ,never the little seed stops in its growing1 ,more and more richly the rose-hart keeps glowing1 ,till from its nourishing stem it is riven4#bgg #b4 8,labor is worship60--the robin is singing2 8,labor is worship60--the wild bee is ringing2 ,listen6 that eloquent whisper upspringing1 ,speaks to thy soul from out nature's heart4 ,from the dark cloud flows the life-giving shower2 ,from the rough sod comes the soft-breathing flower2 ,from the small insect1 the rich coral bower2 ,only man1 in the plan1 ever shrinks from his part4 #c4 ,labor is life6--',tis the still water faileth2 ,idleness ever despaireth1 bewaileth#bgh1 ,keep the watch wound2 for the dark dust assaileth#bgi ,flowers droop and die in the stillness of noon4 ,labor is glory6--the flying cloud lightens2 ,only the waving wing changes and brightens2 ,idle hearts only the dark future frightens2 ,play the sweet keys1 wouldst thou keep them in tune4 #d4 ,labor is rest--from the sorrows that greet us2 ,rest from all petty vexations#bhj that meet us2 ,rest from sin-promptings#bha that ever entreat us2 ,rest from world ,sirens#bhb that lead us to ill4 ,work--and pure slumbers shall wait on thy pillow2 ,work--thou shalt ride o'er care's coming billow2 ,lie not down wearied 'neath woe's weeping willow3 ,work with a stout heart and resolute#bhc will4 #e4 ,droop not1 though shame1 sin1 and anguish#bhd are round thee2 ,bravely fling off the cold chain that hath bound thee2 ,look on yon pure heaven smiling beyond thee2 ,rest not content in thy darkness1--a clod4#bhe ,work for some good1--be it ever so slowly2 ,cherish some flower1--be it ever so lowly2 ,labor6--all labor is noble and holy2 ,let thy great deeds be a prayer to thy ,god4 #bgd ,,cho-,,rus1 a singing together4 #bge ,,un-,,in-,,ter-,,mit-,,ting1 unceasing4 #bgf ,,fal-,,ters1 hesitates2 fails4 #bgg ,,riv,,en1 rent2 torn off4 #bgh ,,be-,,wail-,,eth1 bemoans2 laments4 #bgi ,,as-,,sail-,,eth1 invades2 attacks4 #bhj ,,vex-,a-,,tions1 troubles4 #bha ,,sin-,,prompt-,,ings1 temptations to sin4 #bhb ,,world-,,sirens1 attractions of the world4 #bhc ,,res-,o-,,lute1 firm2 unbending4 #bhd ,,an-,,guish1 extreme pain4 #bhe ,,clod1 dull1 stupid fellow2 dolt4 ,,xxxv4--,,our ,,miseries ,,often ,,our ,,fault4 ,,blair4 #a4 ,we find man placed in a world1 where he has1 by no means1 the disposal of the events that happen4 ,calamities#bhf sometimes befall the worthiest and the best1 which it is not in their power to prevent1 and where nothing is left them1 but to acknowledge and to submit to the high hand of ,heaven4 ,for such visitations of trial1 many good and wise reasons can be assigned#bhg1 which the present subject leads me not to discuss4#bhh #b4 ,but1 though those unavoidable#bhi calamities make a part1 yet they make not the chief part1 of the vexations and sorrows that distress human life4 ,a multitude of evils beset#bij us1 for the source of which we must look to another quarter4 ,no sooner has any thing in the health or in the circumstances of men1 gone cross#bia to their wish1 than they begin to talk of the unequal distribution#bib of the good things of this life2 they envy the condition of others2 they repine#bic at their own lot1 and fret against the ,ruler of the world4 #c4 ,full of these sentiments1 one man pines under a broken constitution4#bid ,but let us ask him1 whether he can fairly and honestly assign no cause for this but the unknown decree of ,heaven8 ,has he duly valued the blessing of health1 and always observed the rules of virtue and sobriety8#bie ,has he been moderate in his life1 and temperate in all his pleasures8 ,if now he is only paying the price of his former1 perhaps1 his forgotten indulgences1 has he any right to complain1 as if he were suffering unjustly8 #d4 ,were we to survey the chambers of sickness and distress1 we should often find them peopled with the victims of intemperance and sensuality1 and with the vicious children of indolence and sloth4 ,among the thousands who languish there1 we should find the proportion of innocent sufferers to be small4 ,we should see faded youth premature#bif old age1 and the prospect of an untimely grave1 to be the portion of multitudes who1 in one way or other1 have brought those evils on themselves2 while yet these martyrs of vice and folly have the assurance to arraign#big the hard fate of man1 and to 8fret against the ,lord40 #e4 ,but you1 perhaps1 complain of hardships of another kind2 of the injustice of the world2 of the poverty which you suffer1 and the discouragements under which you labor2 of the crosses and disappointments of which your life has been doomed to be full4 ,before you give too much scope to your discontent1 let me desire you to reflect impartially upon your past train of life4 ,have not sloth1 or pride1 or ill-temper1 or sinful passions1 misled you often from the path of sound and wise conduct8 ,have you not been wanting to yourselves in improving those opportunities which ,providence offered you1 for bettering and advancing your state8 #f4 ,if you have chosen to indulge your humor or your taste1 in the gratifications#bih of indolence and pleasure1 can you complain because others1 in preference to you1 have obtained those advantages which naturally belong to useful labors and honorable pursuits4 ,have not the consequences of some false steps1 into which your passions1 or your pleasures1 have betrayed you1 pursued you through much of your life2 tainted#bii1 perhaps1 your character1 involved#cjj you in embarrassments#cja1 or sunk you into neglect8 #g4 ,it is an old saying1 that every man is the artificer#cjb of his own fortune in the world4 ,it is certain1 that the world seldom turns wholly against a man1 unless through his own fault4 8,religion is10 in general1 8profitable unto all things40 ,virtue1 diligence1 and industry1 joined with good temper and prudence1 have ever been found the surest road to prosperity2 and1 where men fail of attaining it1 their want of success is far oftener owing to their having deviated from that road1 than to their having encountered insuperable barriers in it4 #h4 ,some by being too artful1 forfeit the reputation of probity4 ,some1 by being too open1 are accounted to fail in prudence4 ,others1 by being fickle and changeable1 are distrusted by all4 ,the case commonly is1 that men seek to ascribe their disappointments to any cause1 rather than to their own misconduct2 and1 when they can devise no other cause1 they lay them to the charge of ,providence4 ,their folly leads them into vices2 their vices into misfortunes2 and1 in their misfortunes1 they 8murmur against ,providence40 #i4 ,they are doubly unjust toward their ,creator4 ,in their prosperity1 they are apt to ascribe their success to their own diligence1 rather than to ,his blessing2 and1 in their adversity1 they impute their distresses to ,his providence1 not to their own misbehavior4 ,whereas1 the truth is the very reverse of this4 ,every good gift and every perfect gift cometh from above2 and of evil and misery1 man is the author to himself4 #bhf ,,ca-,,lam-,i-,,ties1 misfortunes4 #bhg ,,as-,,sign-,,ed1 given2 specified4 #bhh ,,dis-,,cuss1 debate1 reason on4 #bhi ,,un-,a-,,void-,a-,,ble1 inevitable4 #bij ,,be-,,set1 surround2 besiege4 #bia ,,cross1 adverse2 contrary4 #bib ,,dis-,,tri-,,bu-,,tion1 dispensation4 #bic ,,re-,,pine1 murmur4 #bid ,,con-,,sti-,,tu-,,tion1 corporeal frame4 #bie ,,so-,,bri-,e-,,ty1 temperance4 #bif ,,pre-,,ma-,,ture1 too early4 #big ,,ar-,,raign1 call in question4 #bih ,,grat-,i-,,fi-,,ca-,,tions1 indulgences4 #bii ,,taint-,,ed1 stained2 corrupted4 #cjj ,,in-,,volv-,,ed1 entangled4 #cja ,,em-,,bar-,,rass-,,ment1 perplexity4 #cjb ,,art-,,if-,i-,,cer1 inventor4 ,,xxxvi4--,,true ,,patriotism4#cjc ,,sir ,,william ,,jones4 #a4 ,what constitutes#cjd a ,state8 ,not high raised battlements#cje or labored mound1#cjf ,thick wall or moated#cjg gate2 ,nor cities proud1 with spires and turrets#cjh crowned2 ,not bays and broad-armed ports1 ,where1 laughing at the storm1 rich navies#cji ride2 ,not starred and spangled courts1 ,where low-browed baseness#caj wafts perfume to pride4 #b4 ,no2 men1 high-minded#caa men1 ,with powers as far above dull brutes endued#cab1 ,in forest brake1 or den1 ,as beasts excel#cac cold rocks and brambles#cad rude2 ,men who their duties know1 ,but know their rights1 and knowing1 dare maintain2#cae ,prevent the long aimed blow1 ,and crush the tyrant while they rend#caf the chain2 ,these constitute a ,state2 ,and ,sovereign#cag ,law1 that ,state's collected#cah will1 ,o'er thrones and globes elate1#cai ,sits empress1 crowning good1 repressing#cbj ill4 #cjc ,,pa-,,tri-,,ot-,,ism1 love of country4 #cjd ,,con-,,sti-,,tutes1 makes2 forms4 #cje ,,bat-,,tle-,,ments1 breastworks4 #cjf ,,mound1 rampart2 bank of earth4 #cjg ,,moat-,,ed1 surrounded by a ditch4 #cjh ,,tur-,,rets1 little towers4 #cji ,,na-,,vies1 fleets of ships4 #caj ,,base-,,ness1 meanness4 #caa ,,high-,,mind-,,ed1 magnanimous4 #cab ,,en-,,du-,,ed1 furnished2 endowed4 #cac ,,ex-,,cel1 exceed2 surpass4 #cad ,,bram-,,bles1 prickly shrubs4 #cae ,,main-,,tain1 defend2 support4 #caf ,,rend1 part asunder4 #cag ,,sov-,,er-,,eign1 supreme4 #cah ,,col-,,lect-,,ed1 congregated4 #cai ,e-,,late1 raised2 lofty4 #cbj ,,re-,,press-,,ing1 quelling4 ,,xxxvii4--,,influence ,,of ,,religion ,,on ,,the ,,tyrolese4 ,,alison4 ,sir ,archibald ,alison1 although not himself a ,catholic1 eloquently sets forth1 in the following lesson1 the refining and civilizing influences of the ,catholic ,church4 #a4 ,what is it1 then1 which has wrought so surprising a change in the manners and habits of ,europe1 of the inhabitants of the great mountain-girdle of the earth8 ,what is it which has spread cultivation through wastes deemed1 in ancient times1 inaccessible#cba to improvement1 and humanized#cbb the manners of a people1 remarkable only1 under the ,roman sway1 for the ferocity and barbarism of their customs8 #b4 ,what but the influence of religion2 of that faith which has calmed the savage passions of the human mind1 and spread its beneficial influence amongst the remotest#cbc habitations of men1 and which prompted its disciples to leave the luxuries and comforts of southern civilization to diffuse#cbd knowledge and humanity through inhospitable realms1 and spread1 even amidst the regions of desolation1 the light of knowledge1 and the blessings of ,christianity4 #c4 ,impressed with these ideas1 the traveler1 in crossing the ,st4 ,bernard1 and comparing the perfect safety with which he now can explore the most solitary parts of these mountains1 with the perils#cbe of the passage1 attested by votive#cbf offerings1 even in the days of ,adrian1 and the ,antonines1 will think with thankfulness of the religion by which this wonderful change has been effected1 and with veneration of the saint whose name has1 for a thousand years1 been affixed to the pass where his influence first reclaimed the people from their barbarous life2 and in crossing the defile of ,mount ,brenner1 where the ,abbey of ,wilten first offered an asylum to the pilgrim1 he will feel1 with a late amiable and eloquent writer1 8how fortunate it is that religion has penetrated these fastnesses1 impervious#cbg to human power1 and1 where precautions are impossible and resistance useless1 spread her invisible gis#cbh over the traveler1 and conducts him1 secure under her protection1 through all the dangers of his way60 #d4 ,when in such situations he reflects upon his security1 and recollects that these mountains1 so savage1 and so well adapted to the progress of murderers and banditti#cbi1 have not in the memory of man been stained with human blood1 he ought to do justice to the cause1 and gratefully to acknowledge the influence of religion4 #e4 ,impressed with these ideas1 he will behold with interest the crosses which frequently mark the brow of a precipice1 and the little chapels hollowed out of the rock1 where the road is narrowed2 he will consider them as so many pledges of security1 and rest assured1 that so long as the pious mountaineer continues to adore the 8,good ,shepherd10 and to implore the power of the 8,afflicted ,mother10 he will never cease to befriend the traveler1 nor to discharge the duties of hospitality4 #cba ,,in-,,ac-,,cess-,i-,,ble1 beyond reach of4 #cbb ,,hu-,,man-,,ize1 to render human4 #cbc ,,re-,,mot-,,est1 most distant4 #cbd ,,dif-,,fuse1 to spread1 to extend in all directions4 #cbe ,,per-,,ils1 dangers4 #cbf ,,vo-,,tive1 given by vow1 devoted4 #cbg ,,im-,,per-,,vi-,,ous1 not to be penetrated or passed through4 #cbh ,,gis1 shield1 protection4 #cbi ,,ban-,,dit-,,ti1 outlaws1 highwaymen1 robbers4 ,,xxxviii4--,,hymn ,,of ,,the ,,mountaineers4 ,,mrs4 ,,hemans4 ,mrs4 ,felicia ,dorothea ,hemans was born in ,england in #agid1 and died in #ahce4 ,her poetry is not only remarkable for purity and delicacy of feeling1 but is often marked by ardent and vigorous expression4 #a4 ,for the strength of the hills we bless thee1 our ,god1 our fathers' ,god6 ,thou hast made ,thy children mighty1 by the touch of the mountain sod4 ,thou hast fixed our ark of refuge#ccj where the spoiler's foot ne'er trod2 ,for the strength of the hills we bless ,thee1 our ,god1 our fathers' ,god6 #b4 ,we are watchers of a beacon#cca whose light must never die2 ,we are guardians of an altar midst the silence of the sky1 ,the rocks yield founts of courage1 struck forth as by ,thy rod2 ,for the strength of the hills we bless ,thee1 our ,god1 our father's ,god4 #c4 ,for the dark-resounding caverns1#ccb where ,thy still1 small voice is heard2 ,for the strong pines of the forests1 that by ,thy breath is stirred2 ,for the storms on whose free pinions#ccc ,thy spirit walks abroad2 ,for the strength of the hills we bless ,thee1 our ,god1 our fathers' ,god6 #d4 ,the royal eagle darteth on his quarry#ccd from the heights1 ,and the stag1 that knows no master1 seeks there his wild delights2 ,but we1 for ,thy communion1 have sought the mountain sod2 ,for the strength of the hills we bless ,thee1 our ,god1 our fathers' ,god6 #e4 ,the banner of the chieftain far1 far below us waves2 ,the war-horse of the spearman cannot reach our lofty caves2 ,thy dark clouds wrap the threshold of ,freedom's last abode2 ,for the strength of the hills we bless ,thee1 our ,god1 our fathers' ,god6 #f4 ,for the shadow of ,thy presence1 round our camp of rock outspread2 ,for the stern defiles of battle1 bearing record of our dead2 ,for the snows and for the torrents1 for the free heart's burial sod2 ,for the strength of the hills1 we bless ,thee1 our ,god1 our fathers' ,god6 #ccj ,,ref-,,uge1 shelter1 or protection from danger4 #cca ,,bea-,,con1 a signal1 or mark to give warning of danger4 #ccb ,,cav-,,ern1 a deep hollow place in the earth4 #ccc ,,pin-,,ions1 wings4 #ccd ,,quar-,,ry1 the game which a hawk or an eagle is pursuing1 or has killed4 ,,xxxix4--,,exhortation ,,to ,,prayer4 #a4 ,not on a prayerless bed1 not on a prayerless bed ,compose thy weary limbs to rest2 ,for they alone are blessed ,with balmy sleep1 ,whom angels keep2 ,nor1 though by care oppressed1 ,or anxious sorrow1 ,or thought in many a coil perplexed ,for coming morrow1 ,lay not thy head ,on prayerless bed4 #b4 ,for who can tell1 when sleep thine eyes shall close1 ,that earthly cares and woes ,to thee may e'er return8 ,arouse1 my soul1 ,slumber control1 ,and let thy lamp burn brightly2 ,so shall thine eyes discern ,things pure and sightly2 ,taught by the ,spirit1 learn ,never on thoughtless bed ,to lay thine unblessed head4 #c4 ,hast thou no pining want1 or wish1 or care1 ,that calls for holy prayer8 ,has thy day been so bright ,that in its flight ,there is no trace of sorrow8 ,and art thou sure to-morrow ,will be like this1 and more ,abundant8 ,dost thou yet lay up thy store1 ,and still make plans for more8 ,thou fool6 this very night ,thy soul may wing its flight4 #d4 ,hast thou no being than thyself more dear1 ,that plows the ocean deep8 ,and when storms sweep the wintry1 lowering skies1 ,for whom thou wakest and weepest8 ,o1 when thy pangs are deepest1 ,seek then the covenant ark of prayer1 ,for ,he that slumbereth not1 is there1 ,his ear is open to thy cry2 ,o1 then1 on prayerless bed ,lay not thy thoughtless head4 #e4 ,arouse thee1 weary soul1 nor yield to slumber1 ,till in communion blessed ,with the elect thou rest1 ,those souls in countless number2 ,and with them raise ,the note of praise1 ,reaching from earth to heaven2 ,chosen1 redeemed1 forgiven2 ,so lay thy happy head1 ,prayer-crowned1 on blessed bed4 ,,xl4--,,behind ,,time4 ,,freeman ,,hunt4 #a4 ,a railroad train was rushing along at almost lightning speed4 ,a curve was just ahead1 beyond which was a station at which the cars usually passed each other4 ,the conductor was late1 so late that the period during which the down train was to wait had nearly elapsed2 but he hoped yet to pass the curve safely4 ,suddenly a locomotive dashed into sight right ahead4 ,in an instant there was a collision4 ,a shriek1 a shock1 and fifty souls were in eternity2 and all because an engineer had been behind time4 #b4 ,a great battle was going on4 ,column#cce after column had been precipitated for eight mortal hours on the enemy posted along the ridge of a hill4 ,the summer sun was sinking to the west2 renforcements#ccf for the obstinate defenders were already in sight2 it was necessary to carry the position with one final charge1 or every thing would be lost4 #c4 ,a powerful corps had been summoned from across the country1 and if it came up in season all would yet be well4 ,the great conqueror1 confident in its arrival1 formed his reserve#ccg into an attacking column1 and ordered them to charge the enemy4 ,the whole world knows the result4 ,grouchy#cch failed to appear2 the imperial guard was beaten back2 ,waterloo was lost4 ,napoleon died a prisoner at ,st4 ,helena because one of his marshals was behind time4 #d4 ,a leading firm in commercial circles had long struggled against bankruptcy4 ,as it had enormous assets#cci in ,california1 it expected remittances by a certain day1 and if the sums promised arrived1 its credit1 honor1 and its future prosperity would be preserved4 ,but week after week elapsed without bringing the gold4 ,at last came the fatal day on which the firm had bills maturing#cdj to enormous amounts4 ,the steamer was telegraphed at daybreak2 but it was found1 on inquiry1 that she brought no funds1 and the house failed4 ,the next arrival brought nearly half a million to the insolvents#cda1 but it was too late2 they were ruined because their agent1 in remitting1 had been behind time4 #e4 ,a condemned man was led out for execution4 ,he had taken human life1 but under circumstances of the greatest provocation1 and public sympathy was active in his behalf4 ,thousands had signed petitions for a reprieve#cdb1 a favorable answer had been expected the night before1 and though it had not come1 even the sheriff felt confident that it would yet arrive in season4 ,thus the morning passed without the appearance of the messenger4 ,the last moment was up4 ,the prisoner took his place on the drop1 the cap was drawn over his eyes1 the bolt was drawn1 and a lifeless body swung revolving in the wind4 ,just at that moment a horseman came into sight1 galloping down hill1 his steed covered with foam4 ,he carried a packet in his right hand1 which he waved rapidly to the crowd4 ,he was the express rider with a reprieve4 ,but he had come too late4 ,a comparatively innocent man had died an ignominious death1 because a watch had been five minutes too slow1 making its bearer arrive behind time4 #f4 ,it is continually so in life4 ,the best laid plans1 the most important affairs1 the fortunes of individuals1 the weal of nations1 honor1 happiness1 life itself1 are daily sacrificed because somebody is 8behind time40 ,there are men who always fail in whatever they undertake1 simply because they are 8behind time40 ,there are others who put off reformation year by year1 till death seizes them1 and they perish unrepentant1 because forever 8behind time40 ,five minutes in a crisis is worth years4 ,it is but a little period1 yet it has often saved a fortune or redeemed a people4 ,if there is one virtue that should be cultivated more than another by him who would succeed in life1 it is punctuality2 if there is one error that should be avoided it is being behind time4 #cce ,,col-,,umn1 a body of troops in deep files1 with narrow front4 #ccf ,,re-,,en-,,force-,,ments1 supplies of additional troops4 #ccg ,,re-,,serve1 a select body of troops kept in the rear of an army in action1 to give support when required4 #cch ,napoleon ,bonaparte1 emperor of ,france1 was defeated by the ,allies under the ,duke of ,wellington1 at ,waterloo1 ,june #ah1 #ahae4 ,marshal ,grouchy was expected to aid the emperor with a body of troops1 but failed to appear4 #cci ,,as-,,sets1 property or effects4 #cdj ,,ma-,,tur-,,ing1 ripening1 coming to a perfected state4 ,bills or notes mature when they become due4 #cda ,,in-,,sol-,,vent1 one who cannot pay his debts4 #cdb ,,re-,,prieve1 a suspension of a entence of death4 ,,xli4--,,evil ,,influence ,,of ,,skepticism4 ,,campbell4 ,thomas ,campbell was born in ,scotland in #aggg1 and died in #ahdd4 ,some of his shorter poems are remarkable for pathos and beauty1 such as 8,o',connor's ,child10 8,the ,exile of ,erin10 etc4 #a4 ,o1 lives there1 ,heaven6 beneath thy dread expanse1 ,one hopeless1 dark idolater of ,chance1 ,content to feed1 with pleasures unrefined1 ,the lukewarm passions of a lowly mind2 ,who1 mouldering earthward1 reft#cdc of every trust1 ,in joyless union wedded to the dust1 ,could all his parting energy dismiss1 ,and call this barren world sufficient bliss8 #b4 ,there live1 alas6 of heaven-directed mien1 ,of cultured soul1 and sapient#cdd eye serene1 ,who hail thee1 ,man6 the pilgrim of a day1 ,spouse of the worm1 and brother of the clay6 ,frail as the leaf in ,autumn's yellow bower1 ,dust in the wind1 or dew upon the flower6 ,a friendless slave1 a child without a sire1 ,whose mortal life1 and momentary fire1 ,lights to the grave his chance-created form1 ,as ocean-wrecks illuminate the storm2 ,and1 when the gun's tremendous flash is o'er1 ,to night and silence sink for evermore6 #c4 ,are these the pompous tidings ye proclaim1 ,lights of the world1 and demigods#cde of ,fame8 ,is this your triumph1 this your proud applause1 ,children of ,truth1 and champions of her cause8 ,for this hath ,science searched1 on weary wing1 ,by shore and sea1 each mute and living thing8 ,launched with ,iberia's#cdf pilot from the steep1 ,to world's unknown1 and isles beyond the deep8 ,or round the cope#cdg her living chariot driven1 ,and wheeled in triumph through the signs of heaven8 ,o1 star-eyed ,science1 hast thou wandered there1 ,to waft us home the message of despair8 ,then bind the palm1 thy sage's brow to suit1 ,of blasted leaf1 and death distilling fruit6 #d4 ,ah me6 the laureled wreath that ,murder rears1 ,blood-nursed1 and watered by the widow's tears1 ,seems not so foul1 so tainted1 and so dread1 ,as waves the night-shade#cdh round the sceptic head4 ,what is the bigot's torch1 the tyrant's chain8 ,i smile on death1 if heavenward ,hope remain6 ,but1 if the warring winds of ,nature's strife ,be all the faithless charter of my life1 ,if chance awaked1 inexorable power6 ,this frail and feverish being of an hour1 ,doomed o'er the world's precarious scene to sweep1 ,swift as the tempest travels on the deep1 ,to know ,delight but by her parting smile1 ,and toil1 and wish1 and weep1 a little while2 ,then melt1 ye elements1 that formed in vain ,this troubled pulse1 and visionary#cdi brain6 ,fade1 ye wild flowers1 memorials of my doom6 ,and sink1 ye stars1 that light me to the tomb6 #e4 ,truth1 ever lovely1 since the world began1 ,the foe of tyrants1 and the friend of man1 ,how can thy words from balmy slumber start ,reposing ,virtue1 pillowed on the heart6 ,yet1 if thy voice the note of thunder rolled1 ,and that were true which ,nature never told1 ,let ,wisdom smile not on her conquered field ,no rapture dawns1 no treasure is revealed6 ,o1 let her read1 nor loudly1 nor elate1 ,the doom that bars us from a better fate6 ,but1 sad as angels for the good mans sin1 ,weep to record1 and blush to give it in6 #cdc ,,reft1 bereft2 deprived4 #cdd ,,sa-,,pi-,,ent1 wise4 #cde ,,dem-,i-,,god1 a deified hero4 #cdf ,i-,,be-,,ri-,a',s ,,pi-,,lot1 ,columbus4 ,iberia is an ancient name of ,spain4 #cdg ,,cope1 the concave of the sky1 an arch or vault over head4 #cdh ,,night-,,shade1 a noxious plant4 #cdi ,,vi-,,sion-,a-,,ry1 prone to see or capable of seeing visions2 imaginative4 ,,xlii4--,,david',s ,,lament ,,for ,,absalom4 ,,willis4 #a4 ,alas1 my noble boy6 that thou shouldst die6 ,thou1 who wert made so beautifully fair6 ,that death should settle in thy glorious eye1 ,and leave his stillness in this clustering hair6 ,how could he mark thee for the silent tomb1 ,my proud boy1 ,absalom6 #b4 ,cold is thy brow1 my son6 and ,i am chill ,as to my bosom ,i have tried to press thee4 ,how was ,i wont to feel my pulses thrill1 ,like a rich harpstring1 yearning#cej to caress thee1 ,and hear thy sweet 8,my father60 from these dumb ,and cold lips1 ,absalom6 #c4 ,but death is on thee4 ,i shall hear the gush ,of music1 and the voices of the young2 ,and life will pass me in the mantling#cea blush1 ,and the dark tresses to the soft winds flung2-- ,but thou no more1 with thy sweet voice1 shalt come ,to meet me1 ,absalom6 #d4 ,and1 ,o1 when ,i am stricken1 and my heart1 ,like a bruised reed1 is waiting to be broken1 ,how will its love for thee1 as ,i depart1 ,yearn for thine ear to drink its last deep token6 ,it were so sweet1 amid death's gathering gloom1 ,to see thee1 ,absalom6 #e4 ,and now1 farewell6 ',tis hard to give thee up1 ,with death so like a gentle slumber on thee3-- ,and thy dark sin6--,o1 ,i could drink the cup1 ,if from this woe its bitterness had won thee4 ,may ,god have called thee1 like a wanderer1 home1 ,my lost boy1 ,absalom6 #cej ,,yearn,,ing1 strongly desiring4 #cea ,,man,,tling1 suffusing the face4 ,,xliii4--,a ,,storm ,,at ,,sea4 ,,archbishop ,,hughes4 ,archbishop ,hughes1 was born in the north of ,ireland in #agih4 ,he came to the ,united ,states in #ahag1 with his father1 and died ,january #c1 #ahfd4 ,he was educated at ,mount ,st4 ,mary's1 ,emmetsburg1 ,maryland1 ordained priest in #ahbe1 became bishop in #ahdb1 and archbishop of ,new ,york in #ahej4 ,he devoted his great energies in an especial manner to the encouragement and spread of ,catholic education4 ,his controversies with ,breckenridge1 and the debate on the ,public ,school question1 proved him to be a man of great controversial ability4 #a4 ,this day ,i was gratified with what ,i had often desired to witness--the condition of the sea in a tempest4 ,i had contemplated the ocean in all its other phases1 and they are almost innumerable4 ,at one time it is seen reposing in perfect stillness under the blue sky and bright sun4 ,at another1 slightly ruffled1 and then its motion causes his rays to tremble and dance in broken fragments of silvery or golden light1--and the sight is dazzled by following the track from whence his beams are reflected1--while all besides seems to frown in the darkness of its ripple4 #b4 ,again it may be seen somewhat more agitated and of a darker hue1 under a clouded sky and a stronger and increasing wind4 ,then you see an occasional wave1 rising a little above the rest1 and crowning its summit with that crest of white1 breaking from its top and tumbling over like liquid alabaster#ceb4 ,i had seen the ocean1 too1 by moonlight1 and as much of it as may be seen in the darkness1 when the moon and stars are veiled4 ,but until to-day ,i had never seen it in correspondence with the ,,tempest4 #c4 ,after a breeze of some sixty hours from the north and north-west1 the wind died away about four o'clock yesterday afternoon4 ,the calm continued till about nine in the evening4 ,the mercury in the barometer#cec fell1 in the mean time1 at an extraordinary rate2 and the captain predicted that we should encounter a 8gale0 from the south-east4 ,the 8gale0 came on1 at about eleven o'clock2 not violent at first1 but increasing every moment4 ,i awoke with a confused recollection of a good deal of rolling and thumping through the night1 which was occasioned by the dashing of the waves against the ship4 #d4 ,hurrying on my clothes1 ,i found such of the passengers as could stand1 at the doors of the hurricane-house#ced1 8holding on10 and looking out in the utmost consternation4 ,it was still quite dark4 ,four of the sails were already in ribbons2 the winds whistling through the cordage2 the rain dashing furiously and in torrents2 the noise and spray scarcely less than ,i found them under the great sheet at ,niagara4 ,and in the midst of all this1 the captain with his speaking trumpet1 the officers1 and the sailors1 screaming to each other in efforts to be heard1--this1 all this1 in the darkness which precedes the dawning of day1 and with the fury of the hurricane1 combined to form as much of the terribly sublime as ,i ever wish to witness concentrated in one scene4 #e4 ,the passengers1 though silent1 were filled with apprehension4 ,what the extent of the danger1 and how all this would terminate1 were questions which rose in my own mind1 although ,i was unconscious of fear or trepidation4#cee ,but to such questions there are no answers1 for this knowledge resides only with ,him who 8guides the storm and directs the whirlwind40 ,we had encountered1 however1 as yet1 only the commencement of a gale1 whose terrors had been heightened by its suddenness1 by the darkness1 and by the confusion4 ,it continued to blow furiously for twenty-four hours2 so that during the whole day ,i enjoyed a view1 which1 apart from its dangers1 would be worth a voyage across the ,atlantic4 #f4 ,the ship was driven madly through the raging waters1 and when it was impossible to walk the decks without imminent risk of being lifted up and carried away by the winds1 the poor sailors were kept aloft1 tossing and swinging about the yards and in the tops1 clinging by their bodies1 feet1 and arms1 with mysterious tenacity1 to the spars1 while their hands were employed in taking in and securing sail4 #g4 ,on deck the officers and men made themselves safe by ropes2 but how the gallant fellows aloft kept from being blown out of the rigging1 was equally a matter of wonder and admiration4 ,however1 about seven o'clock they had taken in what canvas had not been blown away1 except the sails1 by means of which the vessel is kept steady4 ,at nine o'clock the hurricane had acquired its full force4 ,there was no more work to be done4 ,the ship lay to#cef1 and those who had her in charge only remained on deck to be prepared for whatever of disaster might occur4 ,the breakfast hour came1 and passed1 unheeded by most of the passengers4 #h4 ,by this time the sea was rolling up its hurricane waves2 and that ,i might not lose the grandeur of such a view1 ,i fortified myself against the rain and spray1 and1 in spite of the fierceness of the gale1 planted myself in a position favorable for a survey of all around me1 and in safety1 so long as the ship's strong works might hold together4 ,i had often seen paintings of a storm at sea1 but here was the original4 ,these imitations are oftentimes graphic#ceg and faithful1 as far as they go1 but they are necessarily deficient in accompaniments which paintings cannot supply1 and are therefore feeble and ineffective4 #i4 ,you have1 upon canvas1 the ship and the sea1 but1 as they come from the hands of the artist1 so they remain4 ,the universal motion of both is thus arrested and made stationary4 ,there is no subject in which the pencil of the painter acknowledges more its indebtedness to the imagination than in its attempts to delineate#ceh the sea storm4 #aj4 ,it was not the least remarkable1 and by far the most comfortable circumstance in this combination of all that is grand and terrible1 that1 furious as were the winds1 towering and threatening as were the billows1 our glorious bark preserved her equilibrium#cei against the fury of the one1 and her buoyancy in despite of the alternate precipice and avalanche of the other4 ,true it is1 she was made to whistle through her cordage1 to creak and moan through all her timbers1 even to her masts4 ,true it is1 she was made to plunge and rear1 to tremble and reel and stagger4 ,still1 she continued to scale the watery mountain1 and ride on its very summit1 until1 as it rolled onward from beneath her1 she descended gently on her pathway1 ready to triumph again and again over each succeeding wave4 #aa4 ,at such a moment it was a matter of profound deliberation which most to admire1 the majesty of ,god in the winds and waves or ,his goodness and wisdom in enabling ,his creatures to contend with and overcome the elements even in the fierceness of their anger6 ,to cast one's eye abroad on the scene that surrounded me at this moment1 and to think man should have said to himself1 8,i will build myself an ark in the midst of you1 and ye shall not prevent my passage2 nay1 ye indomitable waves shall bear me up1 and ye winds shall waft me onward60 ,and yet there we were in the fullness of this fearful experiment4 #ab4 ,i had never believed it possible for a vessel to encounter such a hurricane without being dashed or torn to pieces1 at least in all her masts and rigging2 for ,i am persuaded that had the same tempest passed as furiously over your town1 during the same length of time1 it would have left scarcely a house standing4 ,the yielding character of the element in which the vessel is launched is the great secret of safety on such occasions4 ,hence1 when gales occur upon the wide ocean1 there is little danger2 but when they drive you upon breakers on a lee shore#cfj1 where the keel#cfa comes in contact with 8the too solid earth10 then it is impossible to escape shipwreck4 #ac4 ,i never experienced a sensation of fear on the ocean2 but this tempest has increased my confidence tenfold1 not only in the sea but in the ship4 ,it no longer surprises me that few vessels are lost at sea1 for they and their element are made for each other4 ,and the practical conclusion from this experience of a gale is encouraging for all my future navigation4 ,i shall have confidence in my ship now1 as ,i have ever had in the sea4 ,ever since my eyes first rested on the ocean1 ,i have cherished an instinctive affection for it1 as if it were something capable of sympathy and benevolence4 ,when calm1 it is to me a slumbering infant4 ,how tranquilly it sleeps6 #ceb ,,al-,a-,,bas-,,ter1 a white stone used for ornamental purposes4 #cec ,,ba-,,rom-,e-,,ter1 an instrument used for measuring the weight or pressure of the atmosphere1 and which gives warning of the approach of a storm by the falling of the mercury2 a weather-glass4 #ced ,,hur-,,ri-,,cane ,,house1 a house on the upper deck4 #cee ,,trep-,i-,,da-,,tion1 involuntary trembling2 agitation of mind2 alarm4 #cef ,,lay ,,to1 had the progress stopped1 as a vessel by bringing her head to the wind4 #ceg ,,graph-,,ic1 well described2 vivid4 #ceh ,,de-,,lin',e-,,ate1 represent by drawing or by describing1 so as to present a picture to the mind4 #cei ,e-,,qui-,,lib-,,ri-,,um1 balance of power or weight2 just poise or balance4 #cfj ,,lee ,,shore1 a shore against which the wind blows4 #cfa ,,keel1 the principal timber in a vessel1 extending from stem to stern1 at the bottom4 ,,xliv4--,,the ,,atmosphere4 #a4 ,the atmosphere rises above us1 with its cathedral#cfb-;dome1 arching towards the heavens1 of which it is the most familiar synonym#cfc and symbol4 ,it floats around us like that grand object which the apostle ,john saw in his vision--8a sea of glass like unto crystal40 ,so massive is it1 that1 when it begins to stir1 it tosses about great ships like playthings1 and sweeps cities and forests to destruction before it4 ,and yet it is so mobile#cfd1 that we live years in it before we can be persuaded that it exists at all2 and the great bulk of mankind never realize the truth that they are bathed in an ocean of air4 ,its weight is so enormous that iron shivers before it like glass2 yet a soap bubble sails through it with impunity1 and the tiniest insect waves it aside with its wing4 #b4 ,it ministers lavishly to all the senses4 ,we touch it not2 but it touches us4 ,its warm south wind brings back color to the pale face of the invalid2 its cool west winds refresh the fevered brow1 and make the blood mantle in our cheeks2 even its northern blasts brace into new vigor the hardy children of our rugged clime4 #c4 ,the eye is indebted to it for all the magnificence of sunrise1 the full brightness of midday1 the chastened#cfe radiance of the 8gloaming#cff10 and the 8clouds that cradle near the setting sun40 ,but for it the rainbow would want its 8triumphal arch10 and the winds would not send their fleecy messengers on errands round the heavens4 ,the cold weather would not shed its snow feathers on the earth1 nor would drops of dew gather on the flowers4 ,the kindly rain would never fall1 nor hailstorm1 nor fog diversify#cfg the face of the sky4 ,our naked globe would turn its tanned and unshadowed forehead to the sun1 and one dreary1 monotonous blaze of light and heat dazzle and burn up all things4 #d4 ,were there no atmosphere1 the evening sun would in a moment set1 and without warning plunge the earth in darkness4 ,but the air keeps in her hand a sheaf of his rays1 and lets them slip slowly through her fingers2 so that the shadows of evening gather by degrees1 and the flowers have time to bow their heads1 and each creature space to find a place of rest1 and nestle to repose4 ,in the morning1 the gairish#cfh sun would at once burst from the bosom of night1 and blaze above the horizon2 but the air watches for his coming1 and sends at first one little ray to announce his approach1 and then another1 and by and by a handful2 and so gently draws aside the curtain of night1 and slowly lets the light fall on the face of the sleeping earth1 till her eyelids open1 and1 like man1 she 8goeth forth again to her labor till the evening40 #cfb ,,ca-,,the-,,dral1 a large church1 the term is properly applied to the church in which the bishop of the diocese usually officiates4 #cfc ,,syn-,o-,,nym1 one of two or more words having the same or a similar meaning4 #cfd ,,mob-,,ile1 movable1 light4 #cfe ,,chast-,,ened 7cha-snd71 pure4 #cff ,,gloam-,,ing1 twilight4 #cfg ,,di-,,ver-,,si-,,fy1 give variety to4 #cfh ,,gair-,,ish1 gaudy1 brightly shining4 ,,xlv4--,,the ,,cherwell ,,water-,,lily4 ,,faber4 #a4 ,how often doth a wild flower bring ,fancies and thoughts that seem to spring ,from inmost depths of feeling6 ,nay1 often they have power to bless ,with their uncultured loveliness1 ,and far into the aching breast ,there goes a heavenly thought of rest ,with their soft influence stealing4 ,how often1 too1 can ye unlock1 ,dear wild flowers1 with a gentle shock1 ,the wells of holy tears6 ,while somewhat of a ,christian light ,breaks sweetly on the mourner's sight1 ,to calm unquiet fears6 ,ah6 surely such strange power is given ,to lowly flowers like dew from heaven2 ,for lessons oft by them are brought1 ,deeper than mortal sage hath taught1 ,lessons of wisdom pure1 that rise ,from some clear fountains in the skies4 #b4 ,fairest of ,flora's lovely daughters ,that bloom by stilly running waters1 ,fair lily6 thou a type must be ,of virgin love and purity6 ,fragrant thou art as any flower1 ,that decks a lady's garden-bower4 ,but he who would thy sweetness know ,must stoop and bend his loving brow ,to catch thy scent1 so faint and rare1 ,scarce breathed upon the summer air4 ,and all thy motions1 too1 how free1 ,and yet how fraught with sympathy6 ,so pale thy tint1 so meek thy gleam1 ,shed on thy kindly father-stream6 ,still1 as he swayeth to and fro1 ,how true in all thy goings1 ,as if thy very soul did know ,the secrets of his flowings4 #c4 ,and then that heart of living gold1 ,which thou dost modestly infold1 ,and screen from man's too searching view1 ,within thy robe of snowy hue6 ,to careless man thou seem'st to roam ,abroad upon the river1 ,in all thy movements chain'd to home1 ,fast-rooted there forever3 ,link'd by a holy1 hidden tie1 ,too subtle for a mortal eye1 ,nor riveted by mortal art1 ,deep down within thy father's heart4 #d4 ,emblem in truth thou art to me ,of all a daughter ought to be6 ,how shall ,i liken thee1 sweet flower1 ,that other men may feel thy power1 ,may seek thee on some lovely night1 ,and say how strong1 how chaste the might1 ,the tie of filial duty1 ,how graceful1 too1 and angel bright1 ,the pride of lowly beauty6 ,thou sittest on the varying tide ,as if thy spirit did preside1 ,with a becoming1 queenly grace1 ,as mistress of this lonely place3 ,a quiet magic hast thou now ,to smooth the river's ruffled brow1 ,and calm his rippling water1 ,and yet1 so delicate and airy1 ,thou art to him a very fairy4 ,a widowed father's only daughter4 ,,xlvi4--,,discretion4 ,,addison4 #a4 ,there are many more shining qualities in the mind of man1 but there is none so useful as discretion#cfi2 it is this indeed1 which gives a value to all the rest1 which sets them at work in their proper times and places1 and turns them to the advantage of the person who is possessed of them4 ,though a man has all other perfections1 and wants this one1 he will be of no great consequence in the world2 but if he has this single talent in perfection1 and but a common share of others1 he may do what he pleases in his particular station of life4 ,at the same time that ,i think discretion is the most useful talent a man can be master of1 ,i look upon cunning to be the accomplishment#cgj of little1 mean1 ungenerous minds4 #b4 ,discretion points out the noblest ends to us1 and pursues the most proper and laudable means of attaining#cga them2 cunning has only private1 selfish aims1 and sticks at nothing which may make them succeed4 ,discretion has large and extended views1 and1 like a well formed eye1 commands a whole horizon2#d cunning is a sort of short-sightedness that discovers the minutest objects which are near at hand1 but is not able to discern things at a distance4 #c4 ,discretion1 the more it is discovered1 gives a greater authority to the person who possesses it2 cunning1 when it is once detected1 loses its force1 and makes a man incapable of bringing about those events which he might have done had he passed only for a plain man4 ,discretion is the perfection of reason1 and a guide to us in all the duties of life3 cunning is a kind of instinct that only looks after our immediate interest and welfare4 #d4 ,discretion is only found in men of strong sense and good understanding3 cunning is often to be met with in brutes themselves1 and in persons who are but the fewest removes from them4 ,in short cunning is only the mimic#cgb of discretion1 and may pass upon weak men1 in the same manner as vivacity is often mistaken for wit1 and gravity for wisdom4 #e4 ,the cast of mind which is natural to a discreet man1 makes him look forward into futurity1 and consider what will be his condition millions of ages hence1 as well as what it is at present4 ,he knows that the misery or happiness which is reserved for him in another world1 loses nothing of its reality by being placed at so great a distance from him4 ,the objects do not appear little to him because they are remote4#cgc ,he considers that those pleasures and pains which lie hid in eternity1 approach nearer to him every moment1 and will be present with him in their full weight and measure1 as much as those pains and pleasures which he feels at this very instant4 #f4 ,for this reason1 he is careful to secure to himself that which is the proper business of his nature1 and the ultimate#cgd design of his being4 ,he carries his thoughts to the end of every action1 and considers the most distant as well as the most immediate effects of it4 ,he supersedes#cge every little prospect of gain and advantage which offers itself here1 if he does not find it consistent with the views of a hereafter4 ,in a word1 his hopes are full of immortality1 his schemes are large and glorious1 and his conduct suitable to one who knows his true interest1 and how to pursue it by proper methods4 #g4 ,i have1 in this essay upon discretion1 considered it both as an accomplishment and as a virtue1 and have therefore described it in its full extent1 not only as it is the guide of a mortal creature1 but as it is in general the director of a reasonable being4 ,it is in this light that discretion is represented by the wise man1 who sometimes mentions it under the name of discretion1 and sometimes under that of wisdom4 ,it is1 indeed1 as described in the latter part of this paper1 the greatest wisdom1 but1 at the same time1 in the power of every one to attain4 ,its advantages are infinite1 but its acquisition#cgf is easy4 #cfi ,,dis-,,cre-,,tion1 prudence4 #cgj ,,ac-,,com-,,plish-,,ments1 attainments4 #cga ,,at-,,tain-,,ing1 reaching1 obtaining4 #cgb ,,mim-,,ic1 imitator1 counterfeit4 #cgc ,,re-,,mote1 distant4 #cgd ,,ul-,,ti-,,mate1 final4 #cge ,,su-,,per-,,sede1 to set aside4 #cgf ,,ac-,,qui-,,si-,,tion1 acquirement1 attainment4 ,,xlvii4--,,stability ,,of ,,character4 ,,alison4 #a4 ,stability#cgg of character is1 in all pursuits1 the surest foundation of success4 ,it is a common error of the indolent#cgh and the imprudent to attribute the success of others to some peculiar talents1 or original superiority of mind1 which is not to be found in the generality of men4 ,of the falseness of this opinion1 the slightest observation of human life may satisfy us4 ,the difference of talents1 indeed1 and the varieties of original character1 may produce a difference in the aims and in the designs of men2 and superior minds will naturally form to themselves superior objects of ambition4 ,but the attainment of these ends1 the accomplishment of these designs1 is1 in all cases1 the consequence of one means alone--that of steadfastness and perseverance in pursuit4 #b4 8,it is the hand of the diligent10 saith the wise man1 8that maketh rich40 ,it is the same diligence1 when directed to other ends1 that maketh great4 ,every thing which we see with admiration in the world around us1 or of which we read with delight in the annals of history--the acquisitions of knowledge1 the discoveries of science1 the powers of art1 the glories of arms1 the dignities of private1 or the splendors of public virtue--all have sprung from the same fountain of mind1 from that steady but unseen perseverance which has been exerted in their pursuit4 ,the possession of genius alone1 is1 alas6 no certain herald of success2 and how many melancholy instances has the world afforded to us all1 of how little avail mere natural talents are to the prosperity of their possessors1 and of the frequency with which they have led to ruin and disgrace1 when unaccompanied with firmness and energy of mind6 #c4 ,this stability of character is the surest promise of honor4 ,it supposes1 indeed1 all the qualities of mind that are regarded by the world with respect2 and which constitute the honorable and dignified in human character4 ,it supposes that profound#cgi sense of duty1 which we every where look for as the foundation of virtue1 and for the want of which no other attainments can ever compensate4#chj ,it supposes a chastened and regulated imagination1 which looks ever to 8the things that are excellent10 and which is incapable of being diverted from their pursuit1 either by the intoxications#cha of prosperous1 or the depressions of adverse fortune4 ,it supposes1 still more1 a firm and intrepid#chb heart1 which neither pleasure has been able to seduce1 nor indolence to enervate1#chc nor danger to intimidate1#chd and which1 in many a scene of trial1 and under many severities of discipline1 has hardened itself at last into the firmness and consistency of virtue4 #d4 ,a character of this kind can never be looked upon without admiration2 and wherever we meet it1 whether amid the splendors of prosperity1 or the severities of adversity1 we feel ourselves disposed to pay it a pure and an unbidden homage4#che ,the display of wild and unregulated talents may sometimes1 indeed1 excite a temporary admiration2 but it is the admiration we pay to the useless glare of the meteor1 which is extinguished while it is beheld2 while the sentiment we feel for the steady course of principled virtue1 is the admiration with which we regard the majestic path of the sun1 as he slowly pursues his way1 to give light and life to nature4 #e4 ,this stability of character is1 in another view1 the surest foundation of happiness4 ,there are1 doubtless1 many ways in which our happiness is dependent upon the conduct and the sentiments of others2 but the great and perennial#chf source of every man's happiness is in his own bosom--in that secret fountain of the heart1 from which the 8waters of joy or of bitterness0 perpetually flow4 #f4 ,it is from this source1 the man of steadfast and persevering virtue derives his peculiar happiness2 and the slightest recurrence to our own experience1 can tell us both its nature and its degree4 ,it is pleasing1 we all know1 to review the day that is past1 and to think that its duties have been done2 to think that the purpose with which we rose1 has been accomplished2 that in the busy scene which surrounds us1 we have done our part1 and that no temptation has been able to subdue our firmness and our resolution4 #g4 ,such are the sentiments with which1 in every year of life1 and still more in that solemn moment when life is drawing to its close1 the man of persevering virtue is able to review the time that is past4 ,it lies before him1 as it were1 in order and regularity2 and1 while he travels1 over again1 the various stages of his progress1 memory restores to him many images to soothe and to animate his heart4 ,the days of trial are past2 the hardships he has suffered1 the labors he has undergone1 are remembered no more1 but his good deeds remain1 and from the grave of time seem to rise up again to bless him1 and to speak to him of peace and hope4 #h4 ,such are1 then1 the consequences of firmness and stability of character2 and such the rewards which he may look for1 who1 solemnly devoting himself to the discharge of the duties of that station or condition which ,providence has assigned him1 pursues them with steady and undeviating labor4 ,it is the character which unites all that is valuable or noble in human life1 the tranquillity of conscience1 the honors of wisdom1 and the dignity of virtue4 #cgg ,,sta-,,bil-,i-,,ty1 firmness4 #cgh ,,in-,,do-,,lent1 lazy1 slothful4 #cgi ,,pro-,,found1 deep1 thorough4 #chj ,,com-,,pen-,,sate1 make amends4 #cha ,,in-,,tox-,i-,,ca-,,tion1 inclination4 #chb ,,in-,,trep-,,id1 fearless1 bold4 #chc ,,en-,,er-,,vate1 to weaken1 to deprive of nerve or strength4 #chd ,,in-,,tim-,i-,,date1 to inspire with fear4 #che ,,hom-,,age1 reverence1 respect4 #chf ,,per-,,en-,,ni-,,al1 perpetual4 ,,the ,,year ,,of ,,sorrow--,,ireland--#ahdi4 ,,aubrey ,,de ,,vere4 ,,xlviii4--,,spring4 #a4 ,once more through ,god's high will1 and grace ,of hours that each its task fulfills1 ,heart-healing ,spring resumes her place1 ,the valley throngs and scales the hills #b4 ,in vain4 ,from earth's deep heart o'ercharged ,the exulting life runs o'er in flowers2 ,the slave unfed is unenlarged3 ,in darkness sleep a ,nation's powers4 #c4 ,who knows not ,spring8 ,who doubts1 when blows ,her breath1 that ,spring is come indeed8 ,the swallow doubts not2 nor the rose ,that stirs1 but wakes not2 nor the weed4 #d4 ,i feel her near1 but see her not2 ,for these with pain-uplifted eyes ,fall back repulsed1 and vapors blot ,the vision of the earth and skies4 #e4 ,i see her not--,i feel her near1 ,as1 charioted in mildest airs1 ,she sails through yon empyreal sphere1 ,and in her arms and bosom bears #f4 ,that urn of flowers and lustral dews1 ,whose sacred balm1 o'er all things shed1 ,revives the weak1 the old renews1 ,and crowns with votive wreaths the dead4 #g4 ,once more the cuckoo's call ,i hear2 ,i know1 in many a glen profound1 ,the earliest violets of the year ,rise up like water from the ground4 #h4 ,the thorn ,i know once more is white2 ,and1 far down many a forest dale1 ,the anemones in dubious light ,are trembling like a bridal veil4 #i4 ,by streams released1 that singing flow ,from craggy shelf through sylvan glades2 ,the pale narcissus1 well ,i know1 ,smiles hour by hour on greener shades4 #aj4 ,the honeyed cowslip tufts once more ,the golden slopes2 with gradual ray ,the primrose stars the rock1 and o'er ,the wood-path strews its milky way4 #aa4 ,from ruined huts and holes come forth ,old men1 and look upon the sky6 ,the ,power ,divine is on the earth3 ,give thanks to ,god before ye die6 #ab4 ,and ye1 ,o children worn and weak6 ,who care no more with flowers to play1 ,lean on the grass your cold1 thin cheek1 ,and those slight hands1 and whispering1 say1 #ac4 8,stern ,mother of a race unblest1 8,in promise kindly1 cold in deed1-- 8,take back1 ,o ,earth1 into thy breast1 8,the children whom thou wilt not feed40 ,,xlix4--,,summer4 #a4 ,approved by works of love and might1 ,the ,year1 consummated and crowned1 ,has scaled the zenith's purple height1 ,and flings his robe the earth around4 #b4 ,impassioned stillness--fervors calm-- ,brood1 vast and bright1 o'er land and deep3 ,the warrior sleeps beneath the palm2 ,the dark-eyed captive guards his sleep4 #c4 ,the ,iberian laborer rests from toil2 ,sicilian virgins twine the dance2 ,laugh ,tuscan vales in wine and oil2 ,fresh laurels flash from brows of ,france4 #d4 ,far off1 in regions of the ,north1 ,the hunter drops his winter fur2 ,sun-stricken babes their feet stretch forth2 ,and nested dormice feebly stir4 #e4 ,but thou1 ,o land of many woes6 ,what cheer is thine8 ,again the breath ,of proved ,destruction o'er thee blows1 ,and sentenced fields grow black in death4 #f4 ,in horror of a new despair ,his blood-shot eyes the peasant strains1 ,with hands clenched fast1 and lifted hair1 ,along the daily-darkening plains4 #g4 8,why trusted he to them his store8 8,why feared he not the scourge to come80 ,fool6 turn the page of ,history o'er-- ,the roll of ,statutes--and be dumb6 #h4 ,behold1 ,o ,people6 thou shalt die6 ,what art thou better than thy sires8 ,the hunted deer a weeping eye ,turns on his birthplace1 and expires4 #i4 ,lo6 as the closing of a book1 ,or statue from its base o'erthrown1 ,or blasted wood1 or dried-up brook1 ,name1 race1 and nation1 thou art gone4 #aj4 ,the stranger shall thy hearth possess2 ,the stranger build upon thy grave4 ,but know this also--he1 not less ,his limit and his term shall have4 #aa4 ,once more thy volume1 open cast1 ,in thunder forth shall sound thy name2 ,thy forest1 hot at heart1 at last ,god's breath shall kindle into flame4 #ab4 ,thy brook dried up1 a cloud shall rise1 ,and stretch an hourly widening hand1 ,in ,god's good vengeance1 through the skies ,and onward o'er the ,invader's land4 #ac4 ,of thine1 one day1 a remnant left ,shall raise o'er earth a ,prophet's rod1 ,and teach the coasts of ,faith bereft ,the names of ,ireland1 and of ,god4 ,l4--,,autumn4 #a4 ,then die1 thou ,year--thy work is done3 ,the work ill done is done at last4 ,far off1 beyond that sinking sun ,which sets in blood1 ,i hear the blast #b4 ,that sings thy dirge1 and says--8,ascend1 8,and answer make amid thy peers1 87,since all things here must have an end17 8,thou latest of the famine years60 #c4 ,i join that voice4 ,no joy have ,i ,in all thy purple and thy gold2 ,nor in that nine fold harmony ,from forest on to forest rolled3 #d4 ,nor in that stormy western fire1 ,which burns on ocean's gloomy bed1 ,and hurls1 as from a funeral pyre1 ,a glare that strikes the mountain's head2 #e4 ,and writes on low-hung clouds its lines ,of cyphered flame1 with hurrying hand2 ,and flings amid the topmost pines ,that crown the steep1 a burning brand4 #f4 ,make answer1 ,year1 for all thy dead1 ,who found not rest in hallowed earth2 ,the widowed wife1 the father fled1 ,the babe age-stricken from his birth #g4 ,make answer1 ,year1 for virtue lost2 ,for courage proof 'gainst fraud and force ,now waning like a noontide ghost2 ,affections poisoned at their source4 #h4 ,the laborer spurned his lying spade1 ,the yeoman spurned his useless plow2 ,the pauper spurned the unwholesome aid1 ,obtruded once1 exhausted now4 #i4 ,the roof-trees fall of hut and hall1 ,i hear them fall1 and falling cry1 8,one fate for each1 one fate for all2 ,so wills the ,law that willed a lie40 #aj4 ,dread power of ,man6 what spread the waste ,in circles hour by hour more wide1 ,and would not let the past be past8-- ,the ,law that promised much1 and lied4 #aa4 ,dread power of ,god6 ,whom mortal years ,nor touch1 nor tempt2 ,who sitt'st sublime ,in night of night--,o bid thy spheres ,resound at last a funeral chime6 #ab4 ,call up at last the afflicted race1 ,whom man1 not ,god1 abolished4--,sore1 ,for centuries1 their strife3 the place ,that knew them once shall know no more6 ,,li4--,,winter4 #a4 ,fall1 snow1 and cease not6 ,flake by flake ,the decent winding-sheet compose4 ,thy task is just and pious2 make ,an end of blasphemies and woes4 #b4 ,fall flake by flake6 by thee alone1 ,last friend1 the sleeping draught is given3 ,kind nurse1 by thee the couch is strewn1 ,the couch whose covering is from heaven4 #c4 ,descend and clasp the mountain's crest2 ,inherit plain and valley deep3 ,this night on thy maternal breast ,a vanquished nation dies in sleep4 #d4 ,lo6 from the starry ,temple ,gates ,death rides1 and bears the flag of peace3 ,the combatants he separates2 ,he bids the wrath of ages cease4 #e4 ,descend1 benignant ,power6 ,but ,o1 ,ye torrents1 shake no more the vale3 ,dark streams1 in silence seaward flow3 ,thou rising storm1 remit thy wail4 #f4 ,shake not1 to-night1 the cliffs of ,moher1 ,nor ,brandon's base1 rough sea6 ,thou ,isle1 ,the ,rite proceeds6 ,from shore to shore1 ,hold in thy gathered breath the while4 #g4 ,fall1 snow6 in stillness fall1 like dew1 ,on church's roof and cedar's fan2 ,and mold thyself on pine and yew2 ,and on the awful face of man4 #h4 ,without a sound1 without a stir1 ,in streets and wolds1 on rock and mound1 ,o1 omnipresent ,comforter1 ,by ,thee1 this night1 the lost are found6 #i4 ,on quaking moor1 and mountain moss1 ,with eyes upstaring at the sky1 ,and arms extended like a cross1 ,the long-expectant sufferers lie4 #aj4 ,bend o'er them1 white-robed ,acolyte6 ,put forth thine hand from cloud and mist2 ,and minister the last sad ,rite1 ,where altar there is none1 nor priest4 #aa4 ,touch thou the gates of soul and sense2 ,touch darkening eyes and dying ears2 ,touch stiffening hands and feet1 and thence ,remove the trace of sin and tears4 #ab4 ,and ere thou seal those filmed eyes1 ,into ,god's urn thy fingers dip1 ,and lay1 'mid eucharistic sighs1 ,the sacred wafer on the lip4 #ac4 ,this night the ,absolver issues forth3 ,this night the ,eternal ,victim bleeds3 ,o winds and woods--,o heaven and earth6 ,be still this night4 ,the ,rite proceeds6 ,,lii4--,,death ,,of ,,little ,,nell4 ,,dickens4 #a4 ,by little and little1 the old man had drawn back towards the inner chamber4 ,he pointed there1 as he replied1 with trembling lips1 8,you plot among you to wean my heart from her4 ,you will never do that--never while ,i have life4 ,i have no relative or friend but her--,i never had--,i never will have4 ,she is all in all to me4 ,it is too late to part us now40 #b4 ,waving them off with his hand1 and calling softly to her as he went1 he stole into the room4 ,they who were left behind drew close together1 and after a few whispered words1 not unbroken by emotion1 or easily uttered1 followed him4 ,they moved so gently that their footsteps made no noise2 but there were sobs from among the group1 and sounds of grief and mourning4 ,for she was dead4 #c4 ,there1 upon her little bed1 she lay at rest4 ,the solemn stillness was no marvel now4 ,she was dead4 ,no sleep so beautiful and calm1 so free from trace of pain1 so fair to look upon4 ,she seemed a creature fresh from the hand of ,god1 and waiting for the breath of life2 not one who had lived and suffered death4 #d4 ,her couch was dressed with1 here and there1 some winter berries and green leaves1 gathered in a spot she had been used to favor4 8,when ,i die1 put near me something that has loved the light1 and had the sky above it always40 ,these were her words4 #e4 ,she was dead6 ,dear1 gentle1 patient1 noble ,nell was dead4 ,her little bird--a poor slight thing the pressure of a finger would have crushed--was stirring nimbly in its cage2 and the strong heart of its child-mistress was mute and motionless for ever6 #f4 ,where were the traces of her early cares1 her sufferings and fatigues8 ,all gone4 ,his was the true death before their weeping eyes4 ,sorrow was dead indeed in her1 but peace and perfect happiness were born2 imaged in her tranquil beauty and profound repose4 #g4 ,and still her former self lay there1 unaltered in this change4 ,yes4 ,the old fireside had smiled on that same sweet face2 it had passed like a dream through haunts of misery and care2 at the door of the poor schoolmaster on the summer evening1 before the furnace fire1 upon the cold1 wet night1 at the still bed-side of the dying boy1 there had been the same mild1 lovely look4 ,so shall we know the angels in their majesty1 after death4 #h4 ,the old man held one languid arm in his1 and kept the small hand tightly folded to his breast1 for warmth4 ,it was the hand she had stretched out to him with her last smile--the hand that had led him on through all their wanderings4 ,ever and anon he pressed it to his lips2 then hugged it to his breast again1 murmuring that it was warmer now2 and as he said it1 he looked1 in agony1 to those who stood around1 as if imploring them to help her4 #i4 ,she was dead1 and past all help1 or need of it4 ,the ancient rooms she had seemed to fill with life1 even while her own was ebbing fast--the garden she had tended--the eyes she had gladdened--the noiseless haunts of many a thoughtless hour--the paths she had trodden as it were but yesterday--could know her no more4 #aj4 8,it is not10 said the schoolmaster1 as he bent down to kiss her on the cheek1 and gave his tears free vent1 8it is not in this world that ,heaven's justice ends4 ,think what it is compared with the world to which her young spirit has winged its early flight1 and say1 if one deliberate wish1 expressed in solemn terms above this bed1 could call her back to life1 which of us would utter it60 #aa4 ,when morning came1 and they could speak more calmly on the subject of their grief1 they heard how her life had closed4 ,they were all about her at the time1 knowing that the end was drawing on4 ,she died soon after daybreak4 ,they had read and talked to her in the earlier portion of the night2 but as the hours crept on1 she sank to sleep4 ,they could tell1 by what she faintly uttered in her dreams1 that they were of her journeyings with the old man2 they were of no painful scenes1 but of those who had helped and used them kindly1 for she often said 8,god bless you60 with great fervor4 ,waking1 she never wandered in her mind but once1 and that was at beautiful music which she said was in the air4 ,it may have been4 #ab4 ,opening her eyes at last1 from a very quiet sleep she begged that they would kiss her once again4 ,that done1 she turned to the old man with a lovely smile upon her face--such1 they said1 as they had never seen1 and never could forget--and clung with both her arms about his neck4 ,they did not know that she was dead at first4 ,for the rest1 she had never murmured or complained2 but with a quiet mind1 and manner quite unaltered--save that she every day became more earnest and more grateful to them--faded like the light upon the summer's evening4 #ac4 ,and now the bell--the bell she had so often heard by night and day1 and listened to with solemn pleasure1 almost as a living voice--rung its remorseless tone for her1 so young1 so beautiful1 so good4 ,decrepit age1 and vigorous life1 and blooming youth1 and helpless infancy poured forth--on crutches1 in the pride of strength and health1 in the full blush of promise1 in the mere dawn of life2 to gather round her with angels2 and when they called to mind how she had looked1 and spoken1 and her early death1 some thought it might be so indeed4 ,thus coming to the grave in little knots1 and glancing down1 and giving place to others1 and falling off in whispering groups of three or four1 the church was cleared in time of all but the sexton and the mourning friends4 #ad4 ,they saw the vault covered and the stone fixed down4 ,then1 when the dusk of evening had come on1 and not a sound disturbed the sacred stillness of the place--when the bright moon poured in her light on tomb and monument1 on pillar1 wall1 and arch1 and most of all 7it seems to them7 upon her quiet grave--in that calm time1 when all outward things and inward thoughts teem with assurances of immortality1 and worldly hopes and fears are humbled in the dust before them1 then1 with tranquil and submissive hearts1 they turned away1 and left the child with ,god4 ,,liii4--,,sorrow ,,for ,,the ,,dead4 ,,washington ,,irving4 #a4 ,the sorrow for the dead is the only sorrow from which we refuse to be divorced4#chg ,every other wound we seek to heal1 every other affliction to forget2 but this wound we consider it a duty to keep open2 this affliction we cherish and brood over in solitude4 ,where is the mother who would willingly forget the infant that perished like a blossom from her arms1 though every recollection is a pang8 ,where is the child that would willingly forget the most tender of parents1 though to remember be but to lament8 #b4 ,who1 even in the hour of agony1 would forget the friend over whom he mourns8 ,who1 even when the tomb is closing upon her he most loved--when he feels his heart1 as it were1 crushed in the closing of its portals--would accept of consolation that must be bought by forgetfulness8 #c4 ,no1 the love which survives the tomb is one of the noblest attributes of the soul4 ,if it has its woes1 it has likewise its delights2 and when the overwhelming burst of grief is calmed into the gentle tear of recollection1 when the sudden anguish and the convulsive agony over the present ruins of all that we most loved1 is softened away into pensive meditation on all that it was in the days of its loveliness1 who could root out such a sorrow8 ,though it may sometimes throw a passing cloud over the bright hour of gayety1 or spread a deeper sadness over the hour of gloom1 yet who would exchange it1 even for the song of pleasure1 or the burst of revelry8 #d4 ,no1 there is a voice from the tomb sweeter than song4 ,there is a remembrance of the dead to which we turn even from the charms of the living4 ,oh6 the grave6 ,it buries every error1 covers every defect1 extinguishes every resentment6 ,from its peaceful bosom spring none but fond regrets and tender recollections4 ,who can look down even upon the grave of an enemy1 and not feel a compunctious#chh throb1 that he should ever have warred with the poor handful of earth that lies moldering before him6 #e4 ,but the grave of those we loved1 what a place of meditation6 ,there it is that we call up in long review the whole history of virtue and gentleness1 and the thousand endearments lavished upon us1 almost unheeded in the daily intercourse of intimacy2 there it is that we dwell upon the tenderness1 the solemn1 awful tenderness of the parting scene2 the bed of death1 with all its stifled griefs1 its noiseless attendance1 its mute watchful assiduities4 #f4 ,the last testimonies of expiring love6 the feeble1 fluttering1 thrilling1 oh6 how thrilling6 pressure of hand6 ,the faint1 faltering accents1 struggling in death to give one more assurance of affection6 ,the last fond look of the glazing eye1 turning upon us even from the threshold of existence6 ,ay1 go to the grave of buried love1 and meditate4 ,there settle the account with thy conscience for every past benefit unrequited#chi1 every past endearment unregarded1 of that departed being1 who can never1 never1 never return to be soothed by thy contrition4 #g4 ,if thou art a child1 and hast ever added a sorrow to the soul1 or a furrow to the silvered brow of an affectionate parent2 if thou art a husband1 and hast ever caused the fond bosom that ventured its whole happiness in thy arms1 to doubt one moment of thy kindness or thy truth2 if thou art a friend1 and hast ever wronged in thought1 or word1 or deed1 the spirit that generously confided in thee2 if thou art a lover1 and hast ever given one unmerited pang to that true heart which now lies cold and still beneath thy feet2--then be sure that every unkind look1 every ungracious word1 every ungentle action1 will come thronging back to thy memory1 and knock dolefully at thy soul2 then be sure that thou wilt lie down sorrowing and repentant in the grave1 and utter the unheard groan1 and pour the unavailing tear1 more deep1 more bitter1 because unheard and unavailing4 #h4 ,then weave thy chaplet of flowers1 and strew the beauties of ,nature about the grave1 console thy broken spirit1 if thou canst1 with these tender1 yet futile#cij tributes of regret2 but take warning by the bitterness of this thy contrite#cia affliction over the dead1 and henceforth be more faithful and affectionate in the discharge of thy duties to the living4 #chg ,,di-,,vorced1 disunited or separated4 #chh ,,com-,,punc-,,tious1 repentant2 sorrowful4 #chi ,,un-,,re-,,quited1 not repaid2 not done or given in return4 #cij ,,fu-,,tile1 trifling2 worthless4 #cia ,,con-,,trite1 sorrowful2 bowed down with grief4 ,,liv4--,,isabella ,,the ,,catholic1 ,,queen ,,of ,,spain4 ,,prescott4 ,william ,h4 ,prescott was born in ,salem1 ,mass41 ,may #dth1 #agif1 and died in ,boston1 ,january #bh #ahei4 ,his historical and biographical works1 published in fifteen octavo volumes1 have enjoyed a wide and deserved popularity2 although in many instances marred by views and statements1 which seem to betray a mind warped by religious prejudice4 ,in his edition of ,robertson's 8,history of the ,emperor ,charles ,v40 he has permitted some of the most glaring errors of that writer to pass uncorrected1 although ,maitland1 in his admirable work entitled 8,the ,dark ,ages10 had very clearly and conclusively exposed them4 #a4 ,her person was of the middle height1 and well proportioned4 ,she had a clear1 fresh complexion1 with light blue eyes and auburn hair1 a style of beauty exceedingly rare in ,spain4 ,her features were regular1 and universally allowed to be uncommonly handsome4 #b4 ,the illusion which attaches to rank1 more especially when united with engaging manners1 might lead us to suspect some exaggeration in the encomiums#cib so liberally lavished on her4 ,but they would seem to be in a great measure justified by the portraits that remain of her1 which combine a faultless symmetry#cic of features1 with singular sweetness and intelligence of expression4 #c4 ,her manners were most gracious and pleasing4 ,they were marked by natural dignity and modest reserve1 tempered by an affability#cid which flowed from the kindliness of her disposition4 ,she was the last person to be approached with undue familiarity2 yet the respect which she imposed was mingled with the strongest feelings of devotion and love4 #d4 ,she showed great tact in accommodating herself to the peculiar situation and character of those around her4 ,she appeared in arms at the head of her troops1 and shrunk from none of the hardships of war4 ,during the reforms introduced into the religious houses1 she visited the nunneries#cie in person1 taking her needle-work with her1 and passing the day in the society of the inmates4 ,when traveling in ,galicia1#cif she attired herself in the costume of the country1 borrowing for that purpose the jewels and other ornaments of the ladies there1 and returning them with liberal additions4 ,by this condescending and captivating deportment1 as well as by her higher qualities1 she gained an ascendency#cig over her turbulent#cih subjects1 which no king of ,spain could ever boast4 #e4 ,she spoke the ,castilian#cii with much elegance and correctness4 ,she had an easy fluency of discourse1 which1 though generally of a serious complexion1 was occasionally seasoned with agreeable sallies1 some of which have passed into proverbs4 ,she was temperate1 even to abstemiousness1#djj in her diet1 seldom or never tasting wine3 and so frugal in her table1 that the daily expenses of herself and family did not exceed the moderate sum of forty ducats4#dja #f4 ,she was equally simple and economical in her apparel4 ,on all public occasions1 indeed1 she displayed a royal magnificence2#djb but she had no relish for it in private1 and she freely gave away her clothes and jewels1 as presents to her friends4 #g4 ,naturally of a sedate1 though cheerful temper1 she had little taste for the frivolous amusements which make up so much of a court life2 and1 if she encouraged the presence of minstrels and musicians in her palace1 it was to wean her young nobility from the coarser and less intellectual pleasures to which they were addicted4 #h4 ,among her moral qualities1 the most conspicuous1 perhaps1 was her magnanimity4#djc ,she betrayed nothing little or selfish1 in thought or action4 ,her schemes were vast1 and executed in the same noble spirit in which they were conceived4 ,she never employed doubtful agents1 or sinister measures1 but the most direct and open policy4 ,she scorned to avail herself of advantages offered by the perfidy#djd of others4 #i4 ,where she had once given her confidence1 she gave her hearty and steady support3 and she was scrupulous to redeem any pledge she had made to those who ventured in her cause1 however unpopular4 ,she sustained ,ximenes#dje in all his obnoxious#djf but salutary reforms4 ,she seconded ,columbus in the prosecution of his arduous enterprise1 and shielded him from the calumny#djg of his enemies4 ,she did the same good service to her favorite1 ,gonsalvo de ,cordova2#djh and the day of her death was felt1 and1 as it proved1 truly felt1 by both1 as the last of their good fortune4 #aj4 ,artifice#dji and duplicity#daj were so abhorrent to her character1 and so averse from her domestic policy1 that when they appear in the foreign relations of ,spain1 it is certainly not imputable to her4 ,she was incapable of harboring any petty distrust1 or latent malice2 and1 although stern in the execution and exaction of public justice1 she made the most generous allowance1 and even1 sometimes1 advances1 to those who had personally injured her4 #aa4 ,but the principle which gave a peculiar coloring to every feature of ,isabella's mind1 was piety4 ,it shone forth from the very depths of her soul with a heavenly radiance1 which illuminated her whole character4 ,fortunately1 her earliest years had been passed in the rugged school of adversity1 under the eye of a mother who implanted in her serious mind such strong principles of religion1 as nothing in after life had power to shake4 #ab4 ,at an early age1 in the flower of youth and beauty1 she was introduced to her brother's court2 but its blandishments1#daa so dazzling to a young imagination1 had no power over hers2 for she was surrounded by a moral atmosphere of purity1 8driving far off each thing of sin and guilt40 ,such was the decorum of her manners1 that1 though encompassed by false friends and open enemies1 not the slightest reproach was breathed on her fair name in this corrupt and calumnious#dab court4 #cib ,,en-,,co-,,mi-,,um1 a high commendation2 praise4 #cic ,,sym-,,me-,,try1 a due proportion of the parts of a body to each other4 #cid ,,af-,,fa-,,bil-,i-,,ty1 easiness of approach2 readiness to converse4 #cie ,,nun-,,ne-,,ry1 a religious house for females who have forsaken the world4 #cif ,,gal-,i-,,cia1 an old province of ,spain4 #cig ,,as-,,cend-,,en-,,cy1 superior or controlling influence4 #cih ,,tur-,,bu-,,lent1 riotous2 violent2 mutinous4 #cii ,,cas-,,til-,,ian1 the language spoke in ,castile1 considered the most elegant dialect of ,spain4 #djj ,,ab-,,ste-,,mi-,,ous-,,ness1 a sparing use of food1 or strong drink4 #dja ,,duc-,,at1 a coin of several countries in ,europe1 struck in territory governed by a duke4 ,a silver ducat is generally of nearly the value of an ,american dollar1 and a gold ducat of twice the value4 #djb ,,mag-,,nif-,i-,,cence1 grandeur of appearance2 splendor of show or state4 #djc ,,mag-,,na-,,nim-,i-,,ty1 greatness of mind2 dignity or elevation of soul1 which meets danger with calmness and firmness1 which raises the possessor above revenge1 which makes him hate injustice and meanness1 and moves him to act and suffer for noble objects4 #djd ,,per-,,fi-,,dy1 treachery2 falsehood4 #dje ,,cardinal ,,xi-,,me-,,nes1 born #adcg1 died #aeag4 ,he was a distinguished ecclesiastic1 and a great statesman4 #djf ,,ob-,,nox-,,ious1 odious2 unpopular4 #djg ,,cal-,,um-,,ny1 the uttering of a false charge1 proceeding from hatred against another4 #djh ,,gonsalvo ,,de ,,cordova1 called also 8the ,great ,captain10 was a ,spanish warrior1 distinguished by his victories over the ,moors in ,spain1 and the ,french in ,naples4 ,born #addc1 died #aeae4 #dji ,,ar-,,ti-,,fice1 an artful or skillful contrivance2 a fraud or trick4 #daj ,,du-,,plic-,i-,,ty1 double-dealing2 deceitfulness4 #daa ,,bland-,,ish-,,ment1 words or actions expressive of affection or kindness1 and tending to win the heart1 or to flatter4 #dab ,,ca-,,lum-,,ni-,,ous1 slanderous4 ,,lv4--,,palestine4 ,,altered ,,from ,,whittier4 ,john ,greenleaf ,whittier is a well-known and popular writer in prose and verse4 #a4 ,blest land of ,judea6 thrice hallowed of song1 ,where the holiest of memories1 pilgrim-like1 throng ,in the shade of thy palms1 by the shores of thy sea1 ,on the hills of thy beauty--my heart is with thee4 ,with the eye of a spirit ,i look on that shore1 ,where pilgrim and prophet have lingered before2 ,with the guide of a spirit ,i traverse the sod ,made bright by the steps of the angels of ,god4 #b4 ,blue sea of the hills6 in my spirit ,i hear ,thy waters1 ,gennesaret#dac1 chime on my ear2 ,where the ,lowly and ,just with the people sat down1 ,and thy spray on the dust of ,his sandals was thrown4 ,beyond are ,bethulia's#dad mountains of green1 ,and the desolate hills of the wild ,gadarene#dae2 ,and ,i pause on the goat-crags of ,tabor#daf to see ,the gleam of thy waters1 ,o dark ,galilee6 #c4 ,there sleep the still rocks and the caverns which rang ,to the song which the beautiful prophetess sang1 ,when the princes of ,issachar#dag stood by her side1 ,and the shout of a host in its triumph replied4 ,lo6 ,bethlehem's#dah hill-site before me is seen1 ,with the mountains around and the valleys between2 ,there rested the shepherds of ,judah#dai1 and there1 ,the song of the angels rose sweet on the air4 #d4 ,and ,bethany's#dbj palm trees in beauty still throw ,their shadows at noon on the ruins below2 ,but where are the sisters who hastened to greet ,the lowly ,redeemer1 and sit at his feet8 ,i tread where the ,twelve in their wayfaring trod2 ,i stand where they stood with the ,incarnate ,god2 ,where his blessing was heard1 and his lessons were taught2 ,where the blind were restored1 and the healing was wrought4 #dac ,,gen-,,nes-,a-,,ret1 a sea or lake in ,palestine1 the borders of which1 in the time of ,christ1 were covered with numerous towns and villages2 called also1 ,sea of ,galilee4 #dad ,,beth-,u-,,li-,a1 a city which appears to have overlooked the plain of ,esdraelon1 and to have guarded one of the passes to ,jerusalem4 #dae ,,gad-,a-,,rene1 an inhabitant of ,gadara1 a city in a mountainous region near the ,sea of ,galilee4 #daf ,,ta-,,bor1 an isolated mountain1 of a conical form1 a few miles southwest of the ,sea of ,galilee4 #dag ,,is-,,sa-,,char1 a son of ,jacob and ,leah2 also1 the tribe named after him4 #dah ,,beth-,,le-,,hem1 the city where ,our ,lord was born4 #dai ,,ju-,,dah1 the name of one of the tribes of ,israel1 afterwards applied to the whole nation4 #dbj ,,beth-,a-,,ny1 a town near ,jerusalem the residence of ,martha and ,mary4 ,,lvi4--,,love ,,of ,,country ,,and ,,of ,,home4 ,,montgomery4 #a4 ,there is a land1 of every land the pride1 ,beloved by heaven o'er all the world beside2 ,where brighter suns dispense#dba serener#dbb light1 ,and milder moons imparadise#dbc the night3 ,a land of beauty1 virtue1 valor1 truth1 ,time-tutored age1 and love-exalted youth4 #b4 ,the wandering mariner1 whose eye explores ,the wealthiest isles1 the most enchanting shores1 ,views not a realm so bountiful and fair1 ,nor breathes the spirit of a purer air2 ,in every clime1 the magnet#dbd of his soul1 ,touched by remembrance1 trembles to that pole3 #c4 ,for in this land of heaven's peculiar grace1 ,the heritage#dbe of nature's noblest race1 ,there is a spot of earth supremely#dbf blest1 ,a dearer1 sweeter pot than all the rest1 ,where man1 creation's tyrant1 casts aside ,his sword and scepter1 pageantry and pride1 ,while1 in his softened looks1 benignly#dbg blend ,the sire1 the son1 the husband1 father1 friend4 #d4 ,here woman reigns2 the mother1 daughter1 wife1 ,strews with fresh flowers the narrow way of life2 ,in the clear heaven of her delightful eye1 ,an angel guard of loves and graces lie2 ,around her knees domestic duties meet1 ,and fireside pleasures gambol#dbh at her feet4 ,where shall that land1 that spot of earth be found8 ,art thou a man8 a patriot8#dbi look around2 ,oh6 thou shalt find1 howe'er thy footsteps roam1 ,that land thy country1 and that spot thy home4 #dba ,,dis-,,pense1 deal or divide out in portions or parts2 distribute4 #dbb ,,se-,,ren-,,er1 clearer2 more soothing4 #dbc ,,im-,,par-,a-,,dise1 make very happy2 render like ,paradise4 #dbd ,,mag-,,net1 the loadstone2 that which attracts4 #dbe ,,her-,,it-,,age1 inheritance2 portion2 an estate devolved by succession4 #dbf ,,su-,,preme-,,ly1 in the highest degree4 #dbg ,,be-,,nign-,,ly1 graciously2 kindly4 #dbh ,,gam-,,bol1 dance and skip about in sport2 play in frolic1 like boys and lambs4 #dbi ,,pa-,,tri-,,ot1 a person who loves his country1 and zealously supports and defends it and its interests4 ,,lvii4--,,the ,,heavenly ,,rest4 ,,anon4 #a4 ,there is an hour of peaceful rest ,to mourning wanderers given1 ,there is a tear for souls distrest1 ,a balm for every wounded breast-- ',tis found above--in heaven6 #b4 ,there is a soft1 a downy bed1 ',tis sweet as breath of even2 ,a couch for weary mortals spread1 ,where they may rest the aching head1 ,and find repose in heaven6 #c4 ,there is a home for weary souls1 ,by sin and sorrow driven1 ,when tossed on life's tempestuous shoals ,where storms arise1 and ocean rolls1 ,and all is drear--but heaven6 #d4 ,there faith lifts up the tearful eye1 ,the heart with anguish riven2 ,and views the tempest passing by1 ,the evening shadows quickly fly1 ,and all serene in heaven6 #e4 ,the fragrant flowers immortal bloom4 ,and joys supreme are given2 ,there rays divine disperse the gloom3 ,beyond the confines of the tomb ,appears the dawn of heaven6 ,,lviii4--,,love ,,of ,,country4 ,,scott4 #a4 ,breathes there the man1 with soul so dead ,who never to himself hath said1 8,this is my own1 my native land60 ,whose heart has ne'er within him burned1 ,as home his footsteps he hath turned1 ,from wandering on a foreign strand8 ,if such there breathe1 go1 mark him well2 ,for him no minstrel raptures swell4 #b4 ,high though his titles1 proud his name1 ,boundless his wealth as wish can claim2 ,despite those titles1 power1 and pelf1 ,the wretch1 concentrated all in self1 ,living1 shall forfeit fair renown2 ,and1 doubly dying1 shall go down ,to the vile dust from which he sprung1 ,unwept1 unhonored1 and unsung4 #c4 ,o ,caledonia6 stern and wild1 ,meet nurse for a poetic child1 ,land of brown heath and shaggy wood1 ,land of the mountain and the flood4 ,land of my sires2 what mortal hand ,can e'er untie the filial band ,that knits me to thy rugged strand6 ,,lix4--,,the ,,charmed ,,serpent4 ,,chateaubriand4 #a4 ,one day1 while we were encamped in a spacious#dcj plain on the bank of the ,genesee river1 we saw a rattlesnake4 ,there was a ,canadian in our party who could play on the flute1 and to divert us he advanced toward the serpent with his new species of weapon4 ,on the approach of his enemy1 the haughty#dca reptile curls himself into a spiral#dcb line1 flattens his head1 inflates#dcc his cheeks1 contracts his lips1 displays his envenomed fangs and his bloody throat4 ,his double tongue glows like two flames of fire2 his eyes are burning coals2 his body1 swollen with rage1 rises and falls like the bellows of a forge2 his dilated#dcd skin assumes a dull and scaly appearance2 and his tail1 which sends forth an ominous sound1 vibrates#dce with such rapidity as to resemble a light vapor4 #b4 ,the ,canadian now begins to play on his flute4 ,the serpent starts with surprise and draws back his head4 ,in proportion as he is struck with the magic sound1 his eyes lose their fierceness1 the oscillations#dcf of his tail diminish1 and the noise which it emits grows weaker1 and gradually dies away4 ,the spiral folds of the charmed serpent1 diverging from the perpendicular1#dcg expand1#dch and one after the other sink to the ground in concentric#dci circles4 ,the tints of azure1 green1 white1 and gold1 recover their brilliancy on his quivering skin1 and1 slightly turning his head1 he remains motionless in the attitude of attention and pleasure4 #c4 ,at this moment the ,canadian advances a few steps1 producing with his flute sweet and simple notes4 ,the reptile immediately lowers his variegated#ddj neck1 opens a passage with his head through the slender grass1 and begins to creep after the musician1 halting when he halts1 and again following him when he resumes his march4 ,in this way he was led beyond the limits of our camp1 attended by a great number of spectators1 both savages and ,europeans1 who could scarcely believe their eyes4 ,after witnessing this wonderful effect of melody1 the assembly unanimously decided that the marvelous#dda serpent should be permitted to escape4 #dcj ,,spa-,,cious1 wide2 roomy2 extensive4 #dca ,,haugh-,,ty1 proud2 disdainful4 #dcb ,,spi-,,ral1 winding like a screw4 #dcc ,,in-,,flates1 to swell or distend4 #dcd ,,di-,,lat-,,ed1 expanded4 #dce ,,vi-,,brate1 to swing2 to quiver2 to move to and fro4 #dcf ,,os-,,cil-,,la-,,tion1 vibration2 a movement backward and forward4 #dcg ,,per-,,pen-,,dic-,u-,,lar1 a line is said to be perpendicular to another1 on which it falls1 or from which it extends at right angles4 #dch ,,ex-,,pand1 to dilate2 to open4 #dci ,,con-,,cen-,,tric1 having a common center4 #ddj ,,va-,,ri-,e-,,gated1 diversified in colors4 #dda ,,mar-,,vel-,,ous1 wonderful4 ,,lx4--,,my ,,rosary4 ,,sir ,,humphrey ,,davy4 ,sir ,humphrey ,davy was born in ,england1 ,december #ag1 #aggi1 and died at ,geneva1 ,may #bi1 #ahbi4 ,he made several valuable discoveries in chemistry4 #a4 ,the rosary which you see suspended around my neck1 is a memorial#ddb of sympathy and respect for an illustrious man4 ,i was passing through ,france1 in the reign of ,napoleon1 by the peculiar privilege granted to a savant1#ddc on my road to ,italy4 ,i had just returned from the ,holy ,land1 and had in my possession two or three of the rosaries which are sold to pilgrims at ,jerusalem1 as having been suspended in the ,holy ,sepulchre4 ,pius ,,vii4 was then in imprisonment at ,fontainebleau4 ,by a special favor1 on the plea of my return from the ,holy ,land1 ,i obtained permission to see this venerable and illustrious pontiff4 ,i carried with me one of my rosaries4 #b4 ,he received me with great kindness4 ,i tendered my services to execute any commissions1 not political ones1 he might think fit to intrust me with1 in ,italy1 informing him that ,i was an ,englishman3 he expressed his thanks1 but declined troubling me4 ,i told him that ,i was just returned from the ,holy ,land2 and1 bowing1 with great humility1 offered him my rosary from the ,holy ,sepulchre4 #c4 ,he received it with a smile1 touched it with his lips1 gave his benediction over it1 and returned it into my hands1 supposing1 of course1 that ,i was a ,roman ,catholic4 ,i had meant to present it to his ,holiness2 but the blessing he had bestowed upon it1 and the touch of his lips1 made it a precious relic to me2 and ,i restored it to my neck1 round which it has ever since been suspended4444 8,we shall meet again2 adieu30 and he gave me his paternal blessing4 #d4 ,it was eighteen months after this interview1 that ,i went out1 with almost the whole population of ,rome1 to receive and welcome the triumphal entry of this illustrious father of the church into his capital4 ,he was borne on the shoulders of the most distinguished artists1 headed by ,canova2#ddd and never shall ,i forget the enthusiasm with which he was received3 it is impossible to describe the shouts of triumph and of rapture sent up to heaven by every voice4 ,and when he gave his benediction to the people1 there was a universal prostration1#dde a sobbing1 and marks of emotion and joy1 almost like the bursting of the heart4 ,i heard everywhere around me cries of a 8,the holy father6 the most holy father6 ,his restoration is the work of ,god60 #e4 ,i saw tears streaming from the eyes of almost all the women about me1 many of whom were sobbing hysterically1#ddf and old men were weeping as if they were children4 ,i pressed my rosary to my breast on this occasion1 and repeatedly touched with my lips that part of it which had received the kiss of the most venerable pontiff4 ,i preserve it with a kind of hallowed feeling1 as the memorial of a man whose sanctity1 firmness1 meekness1 and benevolence1 are an honor to his ,church and to human nature3 and it has not only been useful to me1 by its influence upon my own mind1 but it has enabled me to give pleasure to others2 and has1 ,i believe1 been sometimes beneficial in insuring my personal safety4 #f4 ,i have often gratified the peasants of ,apulia and ,calabria1 by presenting them to kiss a rosary from the ,holy ,sepulchre1 which had been hallowed by the touch of the lips and benediction of the ,pope3 and it has even been respected by1 and procured me a safe passage through1 a party of brigands1 who once stopped me in the passes of the ,apennines4 #ddb ,,me-,,mo-,,rial1 that which preserves the memory of something4 #ddc ,,sa-,,vant1 7s-vng71 a man of learning4 #ddd ,,ca-,,no-,,va1 a celebrated ,italian sculptor1 born ,november #a1 #ageg1 died ,october #ac1 #ahbb4 #dde ,,pros-,,tra-,,tion1 a bowing down4 #ddf ,,hys-,,ter-,i-,,cal-,,ly1 in an extremely nervous or convulsive manner4 ,,lxi4--,,the ,,indians4 ,,story4 ,joseph ,story died in #ahde4 ,he was one of the ,associate ,justices of the ,supreme ,court of the ,united ,states4 ,he is best known by his 8,commentaries on the ,constitution10 which he prepared in pursuance of his duties as ,dane ,professor of ,law1 in ,harvard ,university4 #a4 ,there is1 in the fate of these unfortunate beings1 much to awaken our sympathy1 and much to disturb the sobriety of our judgment3 much which may be urged to excuse their own atrocities2#ddg much in their characters which betray us into an involuntary#ddh admiration4 ,what can be more eloquent than their history8 ,by a law of nature they seemed destined#ddi to a slow but sure extinction4#dej ,everywhere at the approach of the white man they fade away4 ,we hear the rustling of their footsteps1 like that of the withered leaves of autumn1 and they are gone forever4 #b4 ,they pass mournfully by us1 and they return no more4 ,two centuries ago1 and the smoke of their wigwams1#dea and the fires of their councils rose in every valley1 from the ,hudson ,bay to the farthest ,florida1 from the ocean to the ,mississippi and the lakes4 ,the shouts of victory and the war-dance rang through the mountains and glades4 ,the thick arrows and the deadly tomahawk whistled through the forests2 and the hunter's trace and dark encampment startled the wild beasts in their lairs4 ,the warriors stood forth in their glory4 ,the young listened to the song of other days4 ,the mothers played with their infants1 and gazed on the scene with warm hopes of the future4 ,the aged sat down1 but they wept not3 they should soon be at rest in finer regions1 where the ,great ,spirit dwells1 in a home prepared for the brave beyond the western skies4 #c4 ,braver men never lived2 truer men never drew the bow4 ,they had courage1 and fortitude1 and sagacity1 and perseverance beyond most of the human race4 ,they shrank from no dangers1 and they feared no hardships4 ,if they had the vices of savage life1 they had its virtues also4 ,they were true to their country1 their friends1 and their homes4 ,if they forgave not injury1 neither did they forget kindness4 ,if their vengeance was terrible1 their fidelity and generosity were unconquerable also4 ,their love1 like their hatred1 stopped not this side of the grave4 #d4 ,but where are they8 ,where are the villagers and warriors and youth2 the sachems and the tribes2 the hunters and their families8 ,they have perished2 they are consumed4 ,the wasting pestilence#deb has not alone done the mighty work4 ,no1 nor famine--nor war2 there has been a mightier power2 a moral canker1 which has eaten into their heart cores--a plague1 which the touch of the white man communicated--a poison which betrayed them to lingering ruin4 ,the winds of the ,atlantic fan not a single region which they may call their own4 ,already the last feeble remnant of their race are preparing for their journey beyond the ,mississippi4 ,i see them leave their miserable homes--the aged1 the helpless1 the men1 and the warriors--8few and faint1 yet fearless still40 #e4 ,the ashes are cold upon their native hearths4 ,the smoke no longer curls around their lowly cabins4 ,they move on with slow1 unsteady steps4 ,the white man is upon their heels for terror or dispatch1 but they heed him not4 ,they turn to take a last look of their desolate villages4 ,they cast a last glance upon the graves of their fathers4 ,they shed no tears2 they utter no cry2 they heave no groans4 ,there is something in their hearts which passes speech4 ,there is something in their looks1 not of vengeance or submission1 but of hard necessity1 which stifles both2 which chokes all utterance2 which has no aim or method4 ,it is courage1 absorbed by despair4 ,they linger but a moment4 ,their look is onward4 #f4 ,they have passed the fatal stream4 ,it shall never be repassed by them1 no--never4 ,yet there lies not between us and them an impassable gulf4 ,they know and feel that there is for them still one remove farther1 not distant nor unseen4 ,it is to the general burial-ground of their race4 #g4 ,reason as we may1 it is impossible not to read in such a fate much which we know not how to interpret2 much of provocation to cruel deeds and deep resentments2 much of apology for wrong and perfidy2 much of pity1 mingling with indignation2 much of doubt and misgiving as to the past2 much of painful recollections1 much of dark forebodings4 #ddg ,a-,,troc-,i-,,ty1 great wickedness4 #ddh ,,in-,,vol-,,un-,,ta-,,ry1 not having will or choice2 unwilling4 #ddi ,,des-,,tin-,,ed1 ordained2 devoted4 #dej ,,ex-,,tinc-,,tion1 destruction4 #dea ,,wig-,,wam1 an ,indian cabin or hut4 #deb ,,pest-,i-,,lence1 plague2 contagious or infectious disease4 ,,lxii4--,,indian ,,names4 ,,sigourney4 #a4 ,ye say1 they all have passed away1 ,that noble race and brave1 ,that their light canoes have vanished ,from off the crested wave2 ,that 'mid the forests where they roamed ,there rings no hunter's shout2 ,but their name is on your waters1 ,you may not wash it out4 #b4 ',tis where ,ontario's billow ,like ,ocean's surge is curled1 ,where strong ,niagara's thunders wake ,the echo of the world2 ,where red ,missouri bringeth ,rich tributes from the ,west1 ,and ,rappahannock sweetly sleeps ,on green ,virginia's breast4 #c4 ,ye say1 their cone-like cabins1 ,that clustered o'er the vale1 ,have fled away like withered leaves ,before the autumn gale2 ,but their memory liveth on your hills1 ,their baptism on your shore1 ,your everlasting rivers speak ,their dialect of yore4 #d4 ,old ,massachusetts wears it ,within her lordly crown1 ,and broad ,ohio bears it1 ,amid her young renown2 ,connecticut hath wreathed it ,where her quiet foliage waves1 ,and bold ,kentucky breathes it hoarse1 ,through all her ancient caves4 #e4 ,wachusett hides its lingering voice ,within his rocky heart1 ,and ,alleghany graves its tone ,throughout his lofty chart3 ,monadnock on his forehead hoar ,doth seal the sacred trust2 ,your mountains build their monuments1 ,though ye destroy their dust4 ,,lxiii4--,,the ,,friars ,,and ,,the ,,knight4 ,,digby4 ,kenelm ,h4 ,digby is the author of several very valuable and interesting works4 ,his 8,mores ,catholici10 8,broad ,stone of ,honor10 8,compitum10 and 8,lover's ,seat10 prove him to be a writer of high culture and great research4 #a4 ,two friars of ,paris1 traveling in the depth of winter1 came1 at the first hour of the night1 fatigued1 covered with mud1 and wet with rain1 to the gate of a house where they hoped to receive hospitality1 not knowing that it belonged to a knight who hated all friars1 and who for twenty years had never made his confession4 ,the mother of the family replied to their petition1 8,i know not1 good fathers1 what to do4 ,if ,i admit you under our roof1 ,i fear my husband2 and if ,i send you away cruelly in this tempestuous#dec night1 ,i shall dread the indignation#ded of ,god4 ,enter1 and hide yourselves till my husband returns from hunting1 and has supped1 for then ,i shall be able to supply you secretly with what is needful40 #b4 ,shortly1 the husband returns1 sups joyfully1 but1 perceiving that his wife is sad1 desires to know the cause4 ,she replies that she dares not disclose#dee it4 ,pressed and encouraged1 she at length relates what has happened1 adding1 that she fears ,god's judgment1 seeing that ,his servants are afflicted with cold and hunger1 while they are feasting at their ease4 ,the knight1 becoming more gentle1 orders them to be led forth from their hiding-place1 and to be supplied with food4 #c4 ,the poor friars came forth1 and drew near the fire2 and when he sees their emaciated#def faces1 humid#deg raiment1#deh and their feet stained with blood1 the hand of the ,lord is upon him1 and from a lion he becomes a lamb4 ,with his own hands he washes their feet1 places the table1 and prepares their beds1 bringing in fresh straw4 ,after the supper1 with altered look and tone1 he addresses the elder friar1 and asks whether a shameless sinner1 who hath not confessed since many years1 can hope for pardon from ,god8 #d4 8,yea1 in sooth10 replied the friar2 8hope in the ,lord1 and do good1 and he will deal with thee according to his mercy2 for in whatever day the sinner repents1 he will remember his iniquity no more40 ,the contrite host declares that he will not then defer any longer approaching the sacraments4 8,this very night10 said he1 8,i will unburden my conscience1 lest my soul should be required of me40 ,the friar1 however1 little suspecting danger of death1 advised him to wait till morning4 ,all retired to rest2 but during the night the friar became alarmed1 rose1 prostrated himself on the earth1 and besought ,god to spare the sinner4 #e4 ,in the morning1 however1 the master of the house was found dead4 ,the man of ,god1 judging from what had passed1 consoled the widow1 declared that in his dreams he had been assured of the salvation of her husband2 and the man was buried honorably1 bells tolled1 and ,mass was sung1 and the friars departed on their way4 #f4 ,it is to instances of this kind that ,st4 ,jerome alludes in his beautiful epistle to ,lacta1 where he says1 8,a holy and faithful family must needs sanctify its infidel chief4 ,that man cannot be far from entering upon the career of faith1 who is surrounded by sons and grandsons enlightened by the faith40 #dec ,,tem-,,pest-,u-,,ous1 very stormy4 #ded ,,in-,,dig-,,na-,,tion1 anger4 #dee ,,dis-,,close1 to make known4 #def ,e-,,ma-,,cia-,,ted1 reduced to leanness1 thin1 wasted4 #deg ,,hu-,,mid1 damp1 moist4 #deh ,,rai-,,ment1 clothing4 ,,lxiv4--,,where ,,there',s ,a ,,will ,,there',s ,a ,,way4 ,,eliza ,,cook4 #a4 ,we have faith in old proverbs#dei full surely1 ,for wisdom has traced#dfj what they tell1 ,and truth may be drawn up as purely ,from them1 as it may from a 8well40 ,let us question the thinkers and doers1 ,and hear what they honestly say1 ,and you'll find they believe1 like bold wooers1#dfa ,in 8,where there's a ,,will there's a ,,way40 #b4 ,the hills have been high for man's mounting1 ,the woods have been dense#dfb for his ax1 ,the stars have been thick for his counting1 ,the sands have been wide for his tracks4 ,the sea has been deep for his diving1 ,the poles have been broad for his sway1 ,but bravely he's proved by his striving1#dfc ,that 8,where there's a ,,will there's a ,,way40 #c4 ,have ye vices that ask a destroyer1 ,or passions that need your control8#dfd ,let ,reason become your employer1 ,and your body be ruled by your soul4 ,fight on1 though ye bleed at the trial1 ,resist with all strength that ye may1 ,ye may conquer ,sin's host by denial1 ,for1 8,where there's a ,,will there's a ,,way40 #d4 ,have ye poverty's pinching to cope#dfe with8 ,does suffering weigh down your might8 ,only call up a spirit to hope with1 ,and dawn may come out of the night4 ,oh6 much may be done by defying#dff ,the ghost#dfg of ,despair and ,dismay1 ,and much may be gained by relying#dfh ,on 8,where there's a ,,will there's a ,,way40 #e4 ,should you see afar off that worth winning1#dfi ,set out on a journey with trust1 ,and ne'er heed though your path at beginning ,should be among brambles#dgj and dust4 ,though it is by footsteps ye do it1 ,and hardships may hinder and stay1 ,keep a heart and be sure ye go through it1 ,for1 8,where there's a ,,will there's a ,,way40 #dei ,,prov-,,erbs1 sayings2 maxims4 #dfj ,,trac-,,ed1 shown2 marked out4 #dfa ,,woo-,,ers1 suitors2 lovers4 #dfb ,,dense1 close2 thick4 #dfc ,,striv-,,ing1 making efforts4 #dfd ,,con-,,trol1 restraint2 government4 #dfe ,,cope1 strive2 contend4 #dff ,,de-,,fy-,,ing1 daring2 outbraving4 #dfg ,,ghost1 specter2 apparition4 #dfh ,,re-,,ly-,,ing1 trusting2 depending4 #dfi ,,win-,,ning1 getting2 gaining4 #dgj ,,bram-,,bles1 prickly shrubs4 ,,lxv4--,,now1 ,,to-,,day4 ,,adelaide ,a4 ,,proctor4 #a4 ,arise6 for the day is passing1 ,and you lie dreaming on2 ,your brothers are cased in armor1#dga ,and forth to the fight are gone6 ,a place in the ranks awaits you2 ,each man has some part to play2 ,the ,past and the ,future are nothing ,in the face of stern ,,to-,,day4 #b4 ,arise from your dreams of the ,future-- ,of gaining some hard-fought field1 ,of storming#dgb some airy#dgc fortress1#dgd ,or bidding some giant yield2 ,your future has deeds of glory1 ,of honor1 7,god grant it may67 ,but your arm will never be stronger1 ,or needed as now--,,to-,,day4 #c4 ,arise6 if the ,past detain#dge you1 ,her sunshines and storms forget2 ,no chains so unworthy to hold you ,as those of a vain regret2 ,sad or bright1 she is lifeless ever2 ,cast her phantom#dgf arms away1 ,nor look back1 save to learn the lesson ,of a nobler strife ,,to-,,day4 #d4 ,,arise6 for the day is passing6 ,the sound that you scarcely hear1 ,is the enemy marching to battle6 ,rise6 ,,rise6 for the foe is near6 ,stay not to sharpen your weapons1 ,or the hour will strike at last1 ,when1 from dreams of a coming battle1 ,you may wake to find it past6 #dga ,,arm-,,or1 defensive arms4 #dgb ,,storm-,,ing1 taking by assault4 #dgc ,,air-,y1 fanciful2 visionary4 #dgd ,,for-,,tress1 fort2 strong hold4 #dge ,,de-,,tain1 hinder2 keep back4 #dgf ,,phan-,,tom1 specter2 ghost-like4 ,,lxvi4--,,patriotism ,,and ,,christianity4 ,,chateaubriand4 #a4 ,but it is the ,christian religion that has invested#dgg patriotism#dgh with its true character4 ,this sentiment led to the commission of crime among the ancients1 because it was carried to excess2 ,christianity has made it one of the principal affections in man1 but not an exclusive#dgi one4 ,it commands us above all things to be just2 it requires us to cherish the whole family of ,adam1 since we ourselves belong to it1 though our countrymen have the first claim to our attachment4 #b4 ,this morality was unknown before the coming of the ,christian law-giver1 who had been unjustly accused of attempting to extirpate#dhj the passions3 ,god destroys not his own work4 ,the ,gospel is not the destroyer of the heart1 but its regulator4 ,it is to our feelings what taste is to the fine arts2 it retrenches all that is exaggerated1 false1 common1 and trivial4#dha ,it leaves all that is fair1 and good1 and true4 ,the ,christian religion1 rightly understood1 is only primitive#dhb nature washed from original#dhc pollution4#dhd #c4 ,it is when at a distance from our country that we feel the full force of the instinct by which we are attached to it4 ,for want of the reality1 we try to feed upon dreams2 for the heart is expert in deception1 and there is no one who has been suckled at the breast of a woman but has drunk of the cup of illusion4#dhe ,sometimes it is a cottage which is situated like the paternal habitation2 sometimes it is a wood1 a valley1 a hill1 on which we bestow some of the sweet appellations#dhf of our native land4 ,andromache gives the name of ,simois to a brook4 ,and what an affecting object is this little rill1 which recalls the idea of a mighty river to her native country6 ,remote from the soil which gave us birth1 nature appears to us diminished1 and but the shadow of that which we have lost4 #d4 ,another artifice of the love of country is to attach a great value to an object of little intrinsic worth1 but which comes from our native land1 and which we have brought with us into exile4 ,the soul seems to dwell even upon the inanimate things which have shared our destiny3 we remain attached to the down on which our prosperity has slumbered1 and still more to the straw on which we counted the days of our adversity4 ,the vulgar have an energetic expression1 to describe the languor which oppresses the soul when away from our country4 8,that man10 they say1 8is home-sick40 #e4 ,a sickness it really is1 and the only cure for it is to return4 ,if1 however1 we have been absent for a few years1 what do we find in the place of our nativity8 ,how few of those whom we left behind in the vigor of health are still alive6 ,here are tombs where once stood palaces2 there rise palaces where once stood tombs4 ,the paternal field is overgrown with briers1 or cultivated by the plow of a stranger2 and the tree beneath which we frolicked in our boyish days has disappeared4 #f4 ,were we asked1 what are those powerful ties which bind us to the place of nativity1 we should find some difficulty in answering the question4 ,it is1 perhaps1 the smile of a mother1 of a father1 of a sister2 it is1 perhaps1 the recollection of an old preceptor#dhg who instructed us1 and of the young companions of our childhood2 it is1 perhaps1 the care bestowed upon us by a tender nurse or by some aged domestic1 so essential a part of the household2 finally1 it is something most simple1 and1 if you please1 trivial1--a dog that barked at night in the fields1 a nightingale that returned every year to the orchard1 the nest of the swallow over the window1 the village clock that appeared above the trees1 the churchyard yew1 or the ,gothic tomb4 ,yet these simple things demonstrate the more clearly the reality of a ,providence1 as they could not possibly be the source of patriotism1 or of the great virtues which it begets1 unless by the appointment of the ,almighty himself4 #dgg ,,in-,,vest-,,ed1 clothed4 #dgh ,,pa-,,tri-,,ot-,,ism1 love of one's country4 #dgi ,,ex-,,clu-,,sive1 tending to exclude1 or shut out4 #dhj ,,ex-,,tir-,,pate1 to root out1 to destroy4 #dha ,,triv-,i-,,al1 trifling1 worthless4 #dhb ,,prim-,i-,,tive1 first1 original4 #dhc ,o-,,rig-,i-,,nal1 primary1 first4 #dhd ,,pol-,,lu-,,tion1 defilement corruption4 #dhe ,,il-,,lu-,,sion1 error2 false show1 unreality4 #dhf ,,ap-,,pel-,,la-,,tion1 a name by which a thing is called4 #dhg ,,pre-,,cept-,,or1 a teacher4 ,,lxvii4--,,best ,,kind ,,of ,,revenge4 ,,chambers4 #a4 ,some years ago1 a warehouseman in ,manchester1 ,england1 published a scurrilous#dhh pamphlet1 in which he endeavored to hold up the house of ,grant ,brothers to ridicule4 ,william ,grant remarked upon the occurrence that the man would live to repent what he had done2 and this was conveyed by some tale-bearer to the libeller1 who said1 8,oh1 ,i suppose he thinks ,i shall some time or other be in his debt2 but ,i will take good care of that40 ,it happens1 however1 that a man in business cannot always choose who shall be his creditors4 ,the pamphleteer became a bankrupt1 and the brothers held an acceptance#dhi of his which had been indorsed#dij to them by the drawer1 who had also become a bankrupt#dia4 #b4 ,the wantonly libelled men had thus become creditors of the libeller6 ,they had it in their power to make him repent of his audacity4#dib ,he could not obtain his certificate without their signature1 and without it he could not enter into business again4 ,he had obtained the number of signatures required by the bankrupt law1 except one4 ,it seemed folly to hope that the firm of 8the brothers0 would supply the deficiency4#dic ,what6 they1 who had cruelly been made the laughing stock of the public1 forget the wrong and favor the wrong doer8 ,he despaired4 ,but the claims of a wife and children forced him at last to make the application4 ,humbled by misery1 he presented himself at the counting house of the wronged4 #c4 ,mr4 ,william ,grant was there alone1 and his first words to the delinquent#did were1 8,shut the door1 sir60 sternly uttered4 ,the door was shut1 and the libeller stood trembling before the libelled4 ,he told his tale1 and produced his certificate1 which was instantly clutched by the injured merchant4 8,you wrote a pamphlet against us once60 exclaimed ,mr4 ,grant4 ,the supplicant expected to see his parchment thrown into the fire4 ,but this was not its destination4 ,mr4 ,grant took a pen1 and writing something upon the document1 handed it back to the bankrupt4 ,he1 poor wretch1 expected to see 8rogue1 scoundrel1 libeller10 inscribed1 but there was1 in fair round characters1 the signature of the firm4 #d4 8,we make it a rule10 said ,mr4 ,grant1 8never to refuse signing the certificate of an honest tradesman1 and we have never heard that you were anything else40 ,the tears started into the poor man's eyes4 8,ah10 said ,mr4 ,grant1 8my saying was true4 ,i said you would live to repent writing that pamphlet4 ,i did not mean it as a threat4 ,i only meant that some day you would know us better1 and be sorry you had tried to injure us4 ,i see you repent of it now40 8,i do1 ,i do60 said the grateful man4 8,i bitterly repent it40 8,well1 well1 my dear fellow1 you know us now4 ,how do you get on8 ,what are you going to do80 ,the poor man stated that he had friends who could assist him when his certificate was obtained4 8,but how are you off in the meantime80 #e4 ,and the answer was1 that1 having given up every farthing to his creditors1 he had been compelled to stint his family of even common necessaries1 that he might be enabled to pay the cost of his certificate4 8,my dear fellow1 this will not do2 your family must not suffer4 ,be kind enough to take this ten-pound note to your wife from me4 ,there1 there1 my dear fellow6 ,nay1 don't cry2 it will be all well with you yet4 ,keep up your spirits1 set to work like a man1 and you will raise your head among us yet40 ,the overpowered man endeavored in vain to express his thanks3 the swelling in his throat forbade words4 ,he put his handkerchief to his face1 and went out of the door crying like a child4 #dhh ,,scur-,,ril-,,ous1 grossly abusive4 #dhi ,,ac-,,cept-,,ance1 a bill or draft accepted by the party on whom it is drawn1 who thus becomes liable for its payment at the time stated in the draft4 #dij ,,in-,,dorsed1 a bill or note is indorsed by the party1 to whom it is made payable1 or who may be the holder of it1 writing his name across the back of it4 #dia ,,bank-,,rupt1 a person who is unable to pay his debts4 #dib ,,au-,,dac-,i-,,ty1 boldness2 impudent presumption4 #dic ,,de-,,fi-,,cien-,,cy1 want4 #did ,,de-,,lin-,,quent1 one who fails in his duty4 ,,lxviii--,,queen ,,elizabeth ,,of ,,hungary4 ,,montalembert4 #a4 ,generosity to the poor1 particularly that exercised by princes1 was one of the most remarkable features of the age in which she lived2 but we perceive that1 in her1 charity did not proceed from rank1 still less from the desire of acquiring praises or purely human gratitude1 but from an interior and heavenly inspiration4 ,from her cradle1 she could not bear the sight of a poor person without feeling her heart pierced with grief1 and now that her husband had granted her full liberty in all that concerned the honor of ,god and the good of her neighbor1 she unreservedly abandoned herself to her natural inclination to solace#die the suffering members of ,christ4 #b4 ,this was her ruling thought each hour and moment3 to the use of the poor she dedicated#dif all that she retrenched from the superfluities#dig usually required by her sex and rank4 ,yet1 notwithstanding the resources which the charity of her husband placed at her disposal1 she gave away so quickly all that she possessed1 that it often happened that she would despoil#dih herself of her clothes in order to have the means of assisting the unfortunate4 #c4 ,elizabeth loved to carry secretly to the poor1 not alone money1 but provisions and other matters which she destined for them4 ,she went thus laden1 by the winding and rugged paths that led from the castle to the city1 and to cabins of the neighboring valleys4 #d4 ,one day1 when accompanied by one of her favorite maidens1 as she descended by a rude little path 7still pointed out7 and carried under her mantle1 bread1 meat1 eggs1 and other food to distribute to the poor1 she suddenly encountered her husband1 who was returning from hunting4 ,astonished to see her thus toiling on under the weight of her burden1 he said to her1 8,let us see what you carry10 and at the same time drew open the mantle which she held closely clasped to her bosom2 but beneath it were only red and white roses1 the most beautiful he had ever seen--and this astonished him1 as it was no longer the season of flowers4 #e4 ,seeing that ,elizabeth was troubled1 he sought to console her by his caresses2 but he ceased suddenly1 on seeing over her head a luminous#dii appearance in the form of a crucifix4 ,he then desired her to continue her route without being disturbed by him1 and he returned to ,wartbourg1 meditating with recollection on what ,god did for her1 and carrying with him one of these wonderful roses1 which he preserved all his life4 #f4 ,at the spot where this meeting took place1 he erected a pillar1 surmounted by a cross1 to consecrate forever the remembrance of that which he had seen hovering over the head of his wife4 ,among the unfortunate who particularly attracted her compassion1 those who occupied the greatest part in her heart were the lepers2#ejj the mysterious and special character of their malady rendered them1 throughout the middle ages1 objects of a solicitude and affection mingled with fear4 #die ,,sol-,,ace1 to give comfort to4 #dif ,,ded-,i-,,cate1 to devote4 #dig ,,su-,,per-,,flu-,i-,,ties1 things not needed4 #dih ,,de-,,spoil4 to stop1 to rob4 #dii ,,lu-,,mi-,,nous1 bright1 shining4 #ejj ,,lep-,,ers1 persons infested with leprosy4 ,,lxix4--,,william ,,tell4 ,,knowles4 ,switzerland was at one time subject to ,austria4 ,gesler 7pronounced ,gesler71 at the time of these events1 in #acjg1 was the ,austrian governor of ,switzerland4 ,he was a most cruel tyrant1 and even pushed his tyranny so far as to require the ,swiss to uncover their heads and bow down to his hat placed upon a pole4 ,william ,tell1 a brave ,swiss1 refused to perform this act of servility4 ,he was seized for punishment4 ,tell's son1 ,albert1 without his father's knowledge1 had been taken prisoner on the preceding day by ,gesler4 ,the truth of the narrative of the exploits of ,william ,tell has been recently called in question4 ,,scene--,a ,chamber in the ,castle4 ,enter ,,gesler1 ,,officers1 and ,,sarnem1 with ,,tell in chains and guarded4 ,,sarnem4 ,down1 slave6 ,behold the governor4 ,down6 down6 and beg for mercy4 ,,gesler4 ,seated4 ,does he hear8 ,,sar4 ,he does1 but braves thy power4 ,,officer4 ,why don't you smite him for that look8 ,,ges4 ,can ,i believe ,my eyes8--,he smiles6 nay1 grasps ,his chains as he would make a weapon of them ,to lay the smiter dead4 ,to ,,tell4 ,why speakest thou not8 ,,tell4 ,for wonder4 ,,ges4 ,wonder6 ,,tell4 ,yes1 that thou shouldst seem a man4 ,,ges4 ,what should ,i seem8 ,,tell4 ,a monster6 ,,ges4 ,ha6 ,beware--think on thy chains4 ,,tell4 ,though they were doubled1 and did weigh me down ,prostrate to earth1 methinks ,i could rise up-- ,erect1 with nothing but the honest pride ,of telling thee1 usurper1#eja to the teeth1 ,thou art a monster6 ,think upon my chains6 ,how came they on me8 ,,ges4 ,darest thou question me8 ,,tell4 ,darest thou answer4 ,,ges4 ,do ,i hear8 ,,tell4 ,thou dost4 ,,ges4 ,beware my vengeance4 ,,tell4 ,can it more than kill8 ,,ges4 ,enough--it can do that4 ,,tell4 ,no1 not enough3 ,it cannot take away the grace of life-- ,its comeliness#ejb of look that virtue gives-- ,its port erect with consciousness#ejc of truth-- ,its rich attire of honorable deeds-- ,its fair report that's rife on good men's tongues3 ,it cannot lay its hands on these1 no more ,than it can pluck the brightness from the sun1 ,or with polluted finger tarnish it4 ,,ges4 ,but it can make thee writhe4 ,,tell4 ,it may4 ,,ges4 ,and groan4 ,,tell4 ,it may2 and ,i may cry1 ,go on1 though it should make me groan again4 ,,ges4 ,whence comest thou8 ,,tell4 ,from the mountains4 ,wouldst thou learn ,what news from them8 ,,ges4 ,canst tell me any8 ,,tell4 ,ay2 they#ejd watch no more the avalanche4#eje ,,ges4 ,why so8 ,,tell4 ,because they look for thee4 ,the hurricane ,comes unawares upon them2 from its bed ,the torrent breaks1 and finds them in its track-- ,,ges4 ,what do they then8 ,,tell4 ,thank ,heaven it is not thou6 ,thou hast perverted nature in them4 ,there's not a blessing ,heaven vouchsafes#ejf them but ,the thought of thee doth wither to a curse4 ,,ges4 ,that's right6 ,i'd have them like their hills1 ,that never smile1 though wanton summer tempt ,them e'er so much4 ,,tell4 ,but they do sometimes smile4 ,,ges4 ,ay8--when is that8 ,,tell4 ,when they do talk of vengeance4#ejg ,,ges4 ,vengeance6 ,dare they talk of that8 ,,tell4 ,ay1 and expect it too4 ,,ges4 ,from whence8 ,,tell4 ,from ,heaven6 ,,ges4 ,from ,heaven8 ,,tell4 ,and their true hands ,are lifted up to it on every hill ,for justice on thee4 ,,ges4 ,where's thy abode8 ,,tell4 ,i told thee--on the mountains4 ,,ges4 ,art married8 ,,tell4 ,yes4 ,,ges4 ,and hast a family8 ,,tell4 ,a son4 ,,ges4 ,a son6 ,sarnem6 ,,sar4 ,my lord1 the boy4 ,,gesler signs to ,,sarnem to keep silence1 and1 whispering1 sends him off4 ,,tell4 ,the boy6 ,what boy8 ,is't mine8--and have they netted my young fledgling#ejh8 ,now ,heaven support me1 if they have6 ,he'll own me1 ,and share his father's ruin6 ,but a look ,would put him on his guard--yet how to give it6 ,now1 heart1 thy nerve2 forget thou art flesh2 be rock4 ,they come--they come6 ,that step--that step--that little step1 so light ,upon the ground1 how heavy does it fall ,upon my heart6 ,i feel my child6-- ,enter ,,sarnem with ,,albert1 whose eyes are rivetted on ,,tell',s bow1 which ,,sarnem carries4 ',tis he6--,we can but perish4 ,,sar4 ,see6 ,,albert4 ,what8 ,,sar4 ,look there8 ,,alb4 ,i do4 ,what would you have me see8 ,,sar4 ,thy father4 ,,alb4 ,who8 ,that--that my father8 ,,tell4 ,aside ,my boy--my boy6--my own brave boy1 ,he's safe6 ,,sar4 ,aside to ,,gesler ,they're like each other4 ,,ges4 ,yet ,i see no sign ,of recognition#eji to betray the link ,unites a father and his child4 ,,sar4 ,my lord1 ,i am sure it is his father4 ,look at them4 ,it may be ,a preconcerted#eaj thing 'gainst such a chance1 ,that they survey each other coldly thus4 ,,ges4 ,we shall try4 ,lead forth the caitiff4#eaa ,,sar4 ,to a dungeon8 ,,ges4 ,no2 into the court4 ,,sar4 ,the court1 my lord8 ,,ges4 ,and send ,to tell the headsman#eab to make ready4 ,quick6 ,the slave shall die6--,you marked the boy8 ,,sar4 ,i did4 ,he started--'tis his father4 ,,ges4 ,we shall see4 ,away with him6 ,,tell4 ,stop6--,stay6 ,,ges4 ,what would you8 ,,tell4 ,time6--a little time to call my thoughts together4 ,,ges4 ,thou shalt not have a minute4 ,,tell4 ,some one1 then1 to speak with4 ,,ges4 ,hence with him6 ,,tell4 ,a moment6--,stop6 ,let me speak to the boy4 ,,ges4 ,is he thy son8 ,,tell4 ,and if ,he were1 art thou so lost to nature as ,to send me forth to die before his face8 ,,ges4 ,well1 speak with him4 ,now1 ,sarnem1 mark them well4 ,,tell4 ,thou dost not know me1 boy--and well for thee ,thou dost not4 ,i'm the father of a son ,about thy age4 ,thou1 ,i see1 wast born like him1 upon the hills2 ,if thou shouldst 'scape thy present thraldom1 he ,may chance to cross thee2 if he should1 ,i pray thee ,relate to him what has been passing here1 ,and say ,i laid my hand upon thy head1 ,and said to thee1--if he were here1 as thou art1 ,thus would ,i bless him4 ,may'st thou live my boy1 ,to see thy country free1 or die for her1 ,as ,i do6 ,,albert weeps4 ,,sar4 ,mark6 he weeps4 ,,tell4 ,were he my son1 ,he would not shed a tear4 ,he would remember ,the cliff where he was bred1 and learned to scan ,a thousand fathoms' depth of nether#eac air2 ,where he was trained to hear the thunder talk1 ,and meet the lightning1 eye to eye1 where last ,we spoke together1 when ,i told him death ,bestowed the brightest gem that graces life1 ,embraced for virtue's sake4 ,he shed a tear6 ,no2 were he by1 ,i'd talk to him1 and his cheek ,should never blanch1 nor moisture dim his eye1-- ,i'd talk to him-- ,,sar4 ,he falters6 ,,tell4 ',tis too much6 ,and yet it must be done6 ,i'd talk to him-- ,,ges4 ,of what8 ,,tell4 ,the mother1 tyrant1 thou dost make ,a widow of4 ,i'd talk to him of her4 ,i'd bid him tell her1 next to liberty1 ,her name was the last my lips pronounced4 ,and ,i would charge him never to forget ,to love and cherish her1 as he would have ,his father's dying blessing rest upon him4 ,,sar4 ,you see1 as he doth prompt1 the other acts4 ,,tell4 ,aside4 ,so well he bears it1 he doth vanquish me4 ,my boy6 my boy6 ,o1 for the hills1 the hills-- ,to see him bound along their tops again1 ,with liberty4 ,,sar4 ,was there not all the father in that look8 ,,ges4 ,yet1 'tis 'gainst nature4 ,,sar4 ,not if he believes ,to own the son would be to make him share ,the father's death4 ,,ges4 ,i did not think of that6 ,to ,,tell4 ',tis well ,the boy is not thy son4 ,i've destined him ,to die along with thee4 ,,tell4 ,to die8 ,for what8 ,,ges4 ,for having braved my power1 as thou hast4 ,lead them forth4 ,,tell4 ,he's but a child4 ,,ges4 ,away with them6 ,,tell4 ,perhaps an only child4 ,,ges4 ,no matter4 ,,tell4 ,he may have a mother4 ,,ges4 ,so the viper hath2 ,and yet1 who spares it for the mother's sake8 ,,tell4 ,i talk to stone4 ,i talk to it as though ',twere flesh2 and know 'tis none4 ,i'll talk to it ,no more4 ,come my boy6 ,i taught thee how to live--,i'll show thee how to die4 #eja ,u-,,surp-,,er1 one who seizes that to which he has no right4 #ejb ,,come-,,li-,,ness1 grace2 beauty4 #ejc ,,con-,,scious-,,ness1 the perception of one's own thoughts and feelings4 #ejd ,the mountaineers4 #eje ,,av-,a-,,lanche1 a vast body of snow1 ice1 or earth sliding down the side of a mountain4 #ejf ,,vouch-,,safe1 condescend to grant or permit4 #ejg ,,venge-,,ance1 punishment in retaliation for an injury4 #ejh ,,fledg-,,ling1 a young bird4 #eji ,,rec-,,og-,,ni-,,tion1 act of knowing again2 acknowledgment4 #eaj ,,pre-,,con-,,cert-,,ed1 arranged beforehand4 #eaa ,,cai-,,tiff1 a villain2 a knave4 #eab ,,heads-,,man1 one who beheads4 #eac ,,neth-,,er1 lower4 ,,lxx4--,,the ,,presumption ,,of ,,youth4 ,,rollin4 ,charles ,rollin was born at ,paris1 ,january #cj1 #affa1 and died ,september #ad1 #agda4 ,his father1 who was a cutler1 intended him to follow his own trade2 but through the kindness of a ,benedictine monk1 he was educated at the college of ,plesseis4 ,he afterward became ,rector of the ,university of ,paris4 ,his 8,ancient ,history10 a work of considerable merit1 continues still to be republished and extensively read4 #a4 ,the young people of ,athens1 amazed at the glory of ,themistocles1#ead of ,cimon#eae of ,pericles1#eaf and full of a foolish ambition1 after having received some lessons from the sophists1#eag who promised to render them very great politicians1 believed themselves capable of every thing1 and aspired to fill the highest places4 ,one of them1 named ,glaucon1 took it so strongly in his head that he had a peculiar genius for public affairs1 although he was not yet twenty years of age1 that no person in his family1 nor among his friends1 had the power to divert him from a notion so little befitting his age and capacity4 #b4 ,socrates1 who liked him on account of ,plato1#eah his brother1 was the only one who succeeded in making him change his resolution4 ,meeting him one day1 he accosted#eai him with so dexterous a discourse that he induced#ebj him to listen4 ,he had already gained much influence over him4 8,you have a desire to govern the republic80 said ,socrates4 8,true10 replied ,glaucon4 8,you can not have a finer design10 said the philosopher1#eba 8since1 if you succeed in it1 you will be in a state to serve your friends1 to enlarge your house1 and to extend the limits of your native country40 #c4 8,you will become known not only in ,athens but through all ,greece1 and it may be that your renown1 like that of ,themistocles1 will reach even to the barbarous#ebb nations4 ,at last1 you will gain the respect and admiration of everybody40 ,a beginning so flattering pleased the young man exceedingly1 and he very willingly continued the conversation4 8,since you desire to make yourself esteemed and respected1 it is clear that you think to render yourself useful to the public40 8,assuredly40 8,tell me1 then1 ,i beseech you1 what is the first service that you intend to render the state80 #d4 ,as ,glaucon appeared to be perplexed1 and considered what he ought to answer1--8,probably10 replied ,socrates1 8it will be to enrich the republic1 that is to say1 to increase its revenues40 8,exactly so40 8,and1 undoubtedly1 you know in what the revenues of the state consist1 and the extent to which they may be increased4 ,you will not have failed to make it a private study1 to the end that if one source should suddenly fail1 you may be able to supply its place immediately with another40 8,i assure you10 answered ,glaucon1 8that this is what ,i have never thought of40 #e4 8,tell me1 at least1 then1 the necessary expenses of maintaining the republic4 ,you can not fail to know of what importance it is to retrench#ebc those which are superfluous#ebd40 8,i confess to you that ,i am not more instructed with regard to this article than the other40 8,then it is necessary to defer till another time the design that you have of enriching the republic2 for it is impossible for you to benefit the state while you are ignorant of its revenues and expenses40 #f4 8,but10 said ,glaucon1 8there is still another means that you pass over in silence2 one can enrich a state by the ruin of its enemies40 8,you are right10 replied ,socrates2 8but in order to do that1 you must be the more powerful2 otherwise you run the risk of losing that which you possess4 ,so1 he who speaks of undertaking a war1 ought to know the power of both parties1 to the end that if he finds his party the stronger1 he may boldly risk the adventure2 but1 if he find it the weaker1 he should dissuade the people from undertaking it40 #g4 8,but1 do you know what are the forces of our republic1 by sea and by land1 and what are those of our enemies8 ,have you a statement of them in writing8 ,you will do me the pleasure to allow me a perusal of it40 8,i have none yet10 replied ,glaucon4 8,i see1 then10 said ,socrates1 8that we shall not make war so soon1 if they intrust you with the government2 for there remain many things for you to know1 and many cares to take40 #h4 ,the sage mentioned many other articles1 not less important1 in which he found ,glaucon equally inexperienced1 and he pointed out how ridiculous they render themselves1 who have the rashness to intermeddle with government1 without bringing any other preparation to the task than a great degree of self-esteem and excessive ambition4 8,fear1 my dear ,glaucon10 said ,socrates1 8fear1 lest a too ardent desire for honors should blind you2 and cause you to take a part that would cover you with shame1 in bringing to light your incapacity1#ebe and want of talent40 #i4 ,the youth was wise enough to profit by the good advice of his instructor1 and took some time to gain private information1 before he ventured to appear in public4 ,this lesson is for all ages4 #ead ,,the-,,mis-,,to-,,cles1 a celebrated ,athenian statesman and military leader1 was born about #ead before ,christ4 #eae ,,ci-,,mon1 an illustrious ,athenian general and statesman1 born about the year #eaj before ,christ4 ,he belonged to the aristocratic party of his time1 and contributed to the banishment of ,themistocles1 the leader of the opposite party4 ,he was also the political opponent of ,pericles4 #eaf ,,per-,i-,,cles1 an ,athenian statesman1 born about #die before ,christ4 ,he labored to make ,athens the capital of all ,greece1 and the seat of art and refinement4 #eag ,,soph-,,ists1 professed teachers of wisdom4 #eah ,,pla-,,to1 a celebrated ,greek philosopher1 born in ,athens about the year #die before ,christ4 ,he was a pupil of ,socrates4 #eai ,,ac-,,cost-,,ed1 addressed4 #ebj ,,in-,,duc-,,ed1 prevailed upon4 #eba ,,phi-,,los-,o-,,pher1 lover of wisdom4 #ebb ,,bar-,,ba-,,rous1 uncivilized4 #ebc ,,re-,,trench1 lessen2 curtail4 #ebd ,,su-,,per-,,flu-,,ous1 extravagant2 needless4 #ebe ,,in-,,ca-,,pac-,i-,,ty1 inability4 ,,lxxi4--,,mary ,,magdalen4 ,,callanan4 ,j4 ,j4 ,callanan was born in ,cork1 ,ireland1 in #agie4 ,he was an associate of ,dr4 ,maginn1 and1 through him1 became a contributor to 8,blackwood's ,magazine40 ,he died in ,lisbon in #ahbi4 #a4 ,to the hall of that feast came the sinful and fair2 ,she heard in the city that ,jesus was there2 ,she marked not the splendor that blazed on their board1 ,but silently knelt at the feet of her ,lord4 #b4 ,the hair from her forehead1 so sad and so meek1 ,hung dark o'er the blushes that burn'd on her cheek2 ,and so still and so lowly she bent in her shame1 ,it seemed as her spirit had flown from its frame4 #c4 ,the frown and the murmur went round through them all1 ,that one so unhallowed should tread in that hall2 ,and some said the poor would be objects more meet1 ,for the wealth of the perfumes she showered at his feet4 #d4 ,she marked but her ,saviour1 she spoke but in sighs1 ,she dared not look up to the heaven of his eyes2 ,and the hot tears gushed forth at each heave of her breast1 ,as her lips to his sandals she throbbingly pressed4 #e4 ,on the cloud after tempests1 as shineth the bow1 ,in the glance of the sunbeam1 as melteth the snow1 ,he looked on that lost one--her sins were forgiven2 ,and ,mary went forth in the beauty of heaven4 ,,lxxii4--,,the ,,wexford ,,massacre4 ,the ,mayor and ,governor offered to capitulate2 but whilst their ,commissioners were treating with ,cromwell1 an officer perfidiously opened the castle to the enemy2 the adjacent wall was immediately scaled1 and after a stubborn but unavailing resistance in the ,marketplace1 ,wexford was abandoned to the mercy of the assailants4 ,the tragedy so recently acted at ,drogheda was renewed4 ,no distinction was made between the defenceless inhabitants and the armed soldiers2 nor could the shrieks and prayers of three hundred females1 who had gathered around the great ,cross1 preserve them from these ruthless barbarians4--,,lingard',s ,,history ,,of ,,england3 ,new ,york ,edition1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #big4 #a4 ,they knelt around the ,cross divine1 ,the matron and the maid-- ,they bowed before redemption's sign ,and fervently they prayed-- ,three hundred fair and helpless ones1 ,whose crime was this alone-- ,their valiant husbands1 sires1 and sons1 ,had battled for their own4 #b4 ,had battled bravely1 but in vain-- ,the ,saxon won the fight2 ,and ,irish corses strewed the plain ,where valor slept with ,right4 ,and now that man of demon guilt ,to fated ,wexford flew-- ,the red blood reeking on his hilt1 ,of hearts to ,erin true6 #c4 ,he found them there--the young1 the old-- ,the maiden and the wife2 ,their guardians brave1 in death were cold1 ,who dared for them the strife-- ,they prayed for mercy4 ,god on high6 ,before ,thy cross they prayed1 ,and ruthless ,cromwell bade them die ,to glut the ,saxon blade4 #d4 ,three hundred fell--the stifled prayer ,was quenched in woman's blood2 ,nor youth nor age could move to spare ,from slaughter's crimson flood4 ,but nations keep a stern account ,of deeds that tyrants do2 ,and guiltless blood to ,heaven will mount1 ,and heaven avenge it too4 ,,lxxiii4--,a ,,picture ,,of ,,human ,,life4 ,,johnson4 ,doctor ,samuel ,johnson1 born #agji1 died #aghd1 was distinguished as an essayist and lexicographer4 #a4 ,obidah1 the son of ,abensina1 left the caravansary#ebf early in the morning1 and pursued his journey through the plains of ,indostan4 ,he was fresh and vigorous with rest2 he was animated with hope2 he was incited by desire2 he walked swiftly forward over the valleys1 and saw the hills gradually rising before him4 #b4 ,as he passed along1 his ears were delighted with the morning song of the bird of paradise1 he was fanned by the last flutter of the sinking breeze1 and sprinkled with dew by groves of spices2 he sometimes contemplated the towering height of the oak1 monarch of the hills2 and sometimes caught the gentle fragrance of the primrose1 eldest daughter of the spring3 all his senses were gratified1 and all care was banished from his heart4 #c4 ,thus he went on till the sun approached his meridian1#ebg and the increasing heat preyed upon his strength2 he then looked round about him for some more commodious path4 ,he saw1 on his right hand1 a grove that seemed to wave its shades as a sign of invitation3 he entered it1 and found the coolness and verdure irresistibly pleasant4 #d4 ,he did not1 however1 forget whither he was traveling1 but found a narrow way1 bordered with flowers1 which appeared to have the same direction with the main road1 and was pleased1 that1 by this happy experiment1 he had found means to unite pleasure with business1 and to gain the reward of diligence without suffering its fatigues4 ,he1 therefore1 still continued to walk1 for a time1 without the least remission#ebh of his ardor1 except that he was sometimes tempted to stop by the music of the birds1 whom the heat had assembled in the shade1 and sometimes amused himself with plucking the flowers that covered the bank on either side1 or the fruits that hung upon the branches4 #e4 ,at last1 the green path began to decline from its first tendency1 and to wind among hills and thickets1 cooled with fountains1 and murmuring with waterfalls4 ,here ,obidah paused for a time1 and began to consider whether it were longer safe to forsake the known and common track1 but remembering that the heat was now in its greatest violence1 and that the plain was dusty and uneven1 he resolved to pursue the new path1 which he supposed only to make a few meanders1#ebi in compliance with the varieties of the ground1 and to end at last in the common road4 #f4 ,having thus calmed his solicitude1 he renewed his pace1 though he suspected he was not gaining ground4 ,this uneasiness of his mind inclined him to lay hold on every new object1 and give way to every sensation that might soothe or divert him4 ,he listened to every echo1 he mounted every hill for a fresh prospect1 he turned aside to every cascade1#ecj and pleased himself with tracing the course of a gentle river1 that rolled among the trees1 and watered a large region1 with innumerable circumlocutions4#eca #g4 ,in these amusements the hours passed away unaccounted1 his deviations#ecb had perplexed his memory1 and he knew not toward what point to travel4 ,he stood pensive#ecc and confused1 afraid to go forward1 lest he should go wrong1 yet conscious that the time of loitering was now past4 ,while he was thus tortured with uncertainty1 the sky was overspread with clouds1 the day vanished from before him1 and a sudden tempest gathered round his head4 #h4 ,he was now roused by his danger to a quick and painful remembrance of his folly2 he now saw how happiness is lost when ease is consulted2 he lamented the unmanly impatience that prompted him to seek shelter in the grove1 and despised the petty curiosity that led him on from trifle to trifle4 ,while he was thus reflecting1 the air grew blacker1 and a clap of thunder broke his meditation4#ecd #i4 ,he now resolved to do what remained yet in his power1 to tread back the ground which he had passed1 and try to find some issue1 where the wood might open into the plain4 ,he prostrated himself upon the ground1 and commended his life to the ,lord of nature4 #aj4 ,he rose with confidence and tranquillity1#ece and pressed on with his saber in his hand2 for the beasts of the desert were in motion1 and on every hand were heard the mingled howls of rage and fear1 and ravage#ecf and expiration3#ecg all the horrors of darkness and solitude surrounded him3--the wind roared in the woods1 and the torrents tumbled from the hills4 #aa4 ,thus forlorn and distressed1 he wandered through the wild1 without knowing whither he was going1 or whether he was every moment drawing nearer to safety or to destruction4 ,at length1 not fear but labor began to overcome him2 his breath grew short1 and his knees trembled1 and he was on the point of lying down1 in resignation to his fate1 when he beheld1 through the brambles1 the glimmer of a taper4 ,he advanced toward the light1 and finding that it proceeded from the cottage of a hermit1 he called humbly at the door1 and obtained admission4 ,the old man set before him such provisions as he had collected for himself1 on which ,obidah fed with eagerness and gratitude4 #ab4 ,when the repast was over1 8,tell me10 said the hermit1 8by what chance thou hast been brought hither2 ,i have been now twenty years an inhabitant of the wilderness1 in which ,i never saw a man before40 ,obidah then related the occurrences of his journey1 without any concealment or palliation4#ech #ac 8,son10 said the hermit1 8let the errors and follies1 the dangers and escapes of this day1 sink deep into thy heart4 ,remember1 my son1 that human life is the journey of a day4 ,we rise in the morning of youth1 full of vigor1 and full of expectation2 we set forward with spirit and hope1 with gayety and with diligence1 and travel on awhile in the straight road of piety1 toward the mansion of rest4 #ad4 8,in a short time we remit our fervor1 and endeavor to find some mitigation#eci of our duty1 and some more easy means of obtaining the same end4 ,we then relax our vigor1 and resolve no longer to be terrified with crimes at a distance1 but rely upon our own constancy1#edj and venture to approach what we resolve never to touch4 #ae4 8,we thus enter the bowers of ease1 and repose in the shades of security4 ,here the heart softens1 and vigilance#eda subsides2#edb we are then willing to inquire whether another advance cannot be made1 and whether we may not1 at least1 turn our eyes upon the gardens of pleasure4 ,we approach them with scruple and hesitation2 we enter them1 but enter timorous and trembling1 and always hope to pass through them without losing the road of virtue1 which we for awhile keep in our sight1 and to which we propose to return4 ,but temptation succeeds temptation1 and one compliance prepares us for another2 we in time lose the happiness of innocence1 and solace#edc our disquiet with sensual#edd gratifications4 #af4 8,by degrees we let fall the remembrance of our original intention1 and quit the only adequate#ede object of rational desire4 ,we entangle ourselves in business1 immerge ourselves in luxury1 and rove through the labyrinths#edf of inconstancy1#edg till the darkness of old age begins to invade us1 and disease and anxiety obstruct our way4 ,we then look back upon our lives with horror1 with sorrow1 with repentance2 and wish1 but too often vainly wish1 that we had not forsaken the ways of virtue4 #ag4 8,happy are they1 my son1 who shall learn from thy example not to despair1 but shall remember1 that though the day is past1 and their strength is wasted1 there yet remains one effort to be made2 that reformation is never hopeless1 nor sincere endeavors ever unassisted2 that the wanderer may at length return1 after all his errors2 and that he who implores strength and courage from above1 shall find danger and difficulty give way before him4 ,go now1 my son1 to thy repose2 commit thyself to the care of ,omnipotence2#edh and when the morning comes again to toil1 begin anew thy journey and thy life40 #ebf ,,car-,a-,,van-,,sa-,,ry1 a kind of inn or public house1 in the ,east1 where caravans rest at night1 being a large square building1 with an extensive area or yard in the middle4 #ebg ,,me-,,rid-,i-,,an1 mid-day2 the point directly overhead2 hence1 the highest point1 as of success1 prosperity1 or the like4 #ebh ,,re-,,mis-,,sion1 the act of remitting1 surrendering1 or giving up2 relaxation2 decrease4 #ebi ,,me-,,an-,,ders1 indirect or winding courses2 turnings4 #ecj ,,cas-,,cade1 a small cataract or waterfall4 #eca ,,cir-,,cum-,,vo-,,lu-,,tion1 a turning or rolling round4 #ecb ,,de-,,vi-,a-,,tion1 a wandering from one's course or way4 #ecc ,,pen-,,sive1 thoughtful1 or sad4 #ecd ,,med-,i-,,ta-,,tion1 the revolving or turning of a subject in the mind2 close or continued thought4 #ece ,,tran-,,quil-,,li-,,ty1 peace2 quiet2 freedom from care or trouble4 #ecf ,,rav-,,age1 violent ruin or destruction2 havoc4 #ecg ,,ex-,,pi-,,ra-,,tion1 a breathing out or expulsion of air from the lungs through the mouth or nose2 the last act of breathing out2 death4 #ech ,,pal-,,li-,a-,,tion1 concealment of the worst circumstances of an offense2 lessening by favorable description4 #eci ,,mit-,i-,,ga-,,tion1 softening2 making easier or milder4 #edj ,,con-,,stan-,,cy1 the quality of being constant or steadfast2 freedom from change2 fixedness of mind4 #eda ,,vig-,i-,,lance1 watchfulness4 #edb ,,sub-,,sides1 falls into a state of quiet2 rests2 ceases4 #edc ,,sol-,,ace1 to cheer in grief2 to comfort2 to allay4 #edd ,,sens-,u-,,al1 lewd2 pleasing to the senses4 #ede ,,ad-,e-,,quate1 equal2 fully sufficient4 #edf ,,lab-,y-,,rinth1 a labyrinth1 among the ancients1 was a building made with many winding passages1 so that a person could hardly avoid being lost4 ,hence1 any difficult windings or ways2 any thing that is much entangled or very perplexing4 #edg ,,in-,,con-,,stan-,,cy1 a want of fixedness or firmness of mind2 unsteadiness2 fickleness4 #edh ,,om-,,nip-,o-,,tence1 almighty power2 ,god4 ,,lxxiv4--,,the ,,doubting ,,heart4 ,,adelaide ,a4 ,,proctor4 ,,first ,,voice4 #a4 ,where are the swallows fled8 ,frozen and dead1 ,perchance1 upon some bleak and stormy shore4 ,,second ,,voice4 ,o doubting heart6 ,far over purple seas1 ,they wait1 in sunny ease1 ,the balmy southern breeze1 ,to bring them to their northern home once more4 ,,first ,,voice4 #b4 ,why must the flowers die8 ,poisoned they lie ,in the cold tomb1 heedless of tears or rain4 ,,second ,,voice4 ,o doubting heart6 ,they only sleep below ,the soft1 white1 ermine snow1 ,while winter winds shall blow1 ,to breathe and smile upon you soon again4 ,,first ,,voice4 #c4 ,the sun has hid its rays ,these many days2 ,will dreary hours never leave the earth8 ,,second ,,voice4 ,o doubting heart6 ,the stormy clouds on high ,vail the same sunny sky1 ,that soon1 7for ,spring is nigh47 ,shall wake the ,summer into golden mirth4 ,,first ,,voice4 #d4 ,fair ,hope is dead1 and light ,is quenched in night4 ,what sound can break the silence of despair8 ,,second ,,voice4 ,o doubting heart6 ,the sky is overcast1 ,yet stars shall rise at last1 ,brighter for darkness past1 ,and angels' silver voices stir the air4 ,,lxxv4--,,on ,,the ,,waste ,,of ,,time4 ,,franklin4 ,benjamin ,franklin1 distinguished as a statesman1 a patriot1 and a philosopher1 was born at ,boston in #agjf4 ,he began his career as a printer1 and by diligence1 integrity and rare sagacity1 became one of the foremost of that able and brilliant band of men who were the leaders of the ,american ,revolution4 ,he died in #agij4 #a4 ,amergus was a gentleman of good estate3 he was bred to no business1 and could not contrive how to waste his hours agreeably2 he had no relish for any of the proper works of life1 nor any taste for the improvement of the mind2 he spent generally ten hours of the four-and-twenty in bed2 he dozed away two or three more on his couch2 and as many more were dissolved in good liquor every evening1 if he met with company of his own humor4 ,thus he made a shift to wear off ten years of his life since the paternal#edi estate fell into his hands4 #b4 ,one evening as he was musing alone1 his thoughts happened to take a most unusual turn1 for they cast a glance backward1 and he began to reflect on his manner of life4 ,he bethought himself what a number of living beings had been made a sacrifice#eej to support his carcass1 and how much corn and wine had been mingled with these offerings2 and he set himself to compute what he had devoured since he came to the age of man4 #c4 8,about a dozen feathered creatures1 small and great1 have1 one week with another10 said he1 8given up their lives to prolong mine1 which1 in ten years1 amounts to at least six thousand4 ,fifty sheep have been sacrificed in a year1 with half a hecatomb#eea of black-cattle1#eeb that ,i might have the choicest parts offered weekly upon my table4 ,thus a thousand beasts1 out of the flock and the herd1 have been slain in ten years' time to feed me beside what the forest has supplied me with4 #d4 8,many hundreds of fishes have1 in all their variety1 been robbed of life for my repast1#eec and of the smaller fry1 some thousands4 ,a measure of corn would hardly suffice#eed me fine flour enough for a month's provision1 and this arises to about six score bushels2 and many hogsheads of wine and other liquors have passed through this body of mine--this wretched strainer of meat and drink6 ,and what have ,i done all this time for ,god and man8 ,what a vast profusion#eee of good things wasted upon a useless life and a worthless liver6 #e4 8,there is not the meanest creature among all those that ,i have devoured1 but hath answered the end of its creation better than ,i4 ,it was made to support human nature1 and it has done so4 ,every crab and oyster ,i have eaten1 and every grain of corn ,i have devoured1 hath filled up its place in the rank of beings with more propriety and honor than ,i have done4 ,oh1 shameful waste of life and time60 #f4 ,in short1 he carried on his moral reflections#eef with so just and severe a force of reason1 as constrained#eeg him to change his whole course of life2 to break off his follies at once1 and to apply himself to gain some useful knowledge1 when he was more than thirty years of age4 ,he lived many following years1 with the character of a worthy man and an excellent ,christian2#eeh he died with a peaceful conscience1#eei and the tears of his country were dropped upon his tomb4 #g4 ,the world1 that knew the whole series of his life1 were amazed at the mighty change4 ,they beheld him as a wonder of reformation1 while he himself confessed and adored the ,divine power and mercy which had transformed him from a brute to a man4 ,but this was a single instance1 and we may almost venture to write miracle#efj upon it4 ,are there not numbers1 in this degenerate#efa age1 whose lives thus run to utter waste1 without the least tendency#efb to usefulness8 #edi ,,pa-,,ter-,,nal1 belonging to or derived from one's father4 #eej ,,sac-,,ri-,,fice1 destruction or surrender of anything1 made for the sake of something else2 the thing destroyed or given up4 #eea ,,hec-,a-,,tomb1 the sacrifice of a hundred4 #eeb ,,black-,,cat-,,tle1 cows1 bulls1 and oxen1 as distinguished from sheep and goats1 which are called small cattle4 #eec ,,re-,,past1 the act of taking food2 that which is taken as food or a meal2 victuals4 #eed ,,suf-,,fice1 to be sufficient or enough2 to furnish or supply4 #eee ,,pro-,,fu-,,sion1 a large quantity4 #eef ,,re-,,flec-,,tion1 the turning of the mind to what has already occupied it2 continued thinking4 #eeg ,,con-,,strain-,,ed1 compelled2 forced4 #eeh ,,christ-,,ian1 one who professes to believe in the religion of ,christ2 especially one whose inward and outward life is conformed to the doctrines of ,christ2 one who has received the ,sacrament of ,baptism4 #eei ,,con-,,science1 the power or principle within us which decides on the lawfulness or unlawfulness of our actions or affections1 and approves or condemns them4 #efj ,,mir-,a-,,cle1 a wonder or wonderful thing2 an effect or event that differs or departs from the known laws of nature4 #efa ,,de-,,gen-,,er-,,ate1 having become worse than one's kind2 having lost in worth or goodness2 degraded2 mean4 #efb ,,tend-,,en-,,cy1 direction or course toward any place1 effect1 or result2 desire4 ,,lxxvi4--,,the ,,reaper1 ,,death4 ,,longfellow4 #a4 ,there is a reaper1 whose name is ,death1 ,and1 with his sickle keen1 ,he reaps the bearded grain at a breath1 ,and the flowers that grow between4 #b4 8,shall ,i have nought that is fair80 saith he2 8,have nought but the bearded grain8 ,though the breath of these flowers is sweet to me1 ,i will give them all back again40 #c4 ,he gazed at the flowers with tearful eyes1 ,he kissed their drooping leaves2 ,it was for the ,lord of ,paradise ,he bound them in his sheaves4 #d4 8,my ,lord has need of these flowerets gay10 ,the reaper said1 and smiled2 8,dear tokens of the earth are they1 ,where he was once a child4 #e4 8,they all shall bloom in fields of light1 ,transplanted by my care1 ,and saints1 upon their garments white1 ,these sacred blossoms wear40 #f4 ,oh1 not in cruelty1 not in wrath1 ,the reaper came that day2 ',twas an angel visited the earth1 ,and took the flowers away4 ,,lxxvii4--,,dialogue ,,with ,,the ,,gout4 ,,franklin4 #a4 ,franklin4 ,eh6 ,oh6 ,eh6 ,what have ,i done to merit these cruel sufferings8 ,gout4 ,many things3 you have ate and drank too freely1 and too much indulged those legs of yours in their indolence4#efc ,franklin4 ,who is it that accuses me8 ,gout4 ,it is ,i1 even ,i1 the ,gout4 ,franklin4 ,what6 my enemy in person8 ,gout4 ,no2 not your enemy4 ,franklin4 ,i repeat it1 my enemy2 for you would not only torment#efd my body to death1 but ruin my good name4 ,you reproach me as a glutton and a tippler2#efe now all the world that knows me will allow that ,i am neither the one nor the other4 #b4 ,gout4 ,the world may think as it pleases4 ,it is always very complaisant#eff to itself1 and sometimes to its friends2 but ,i very well know that the quantity of meat and drink proper for a man who takes a reasonable degree of exercise would be too much for another who never takes any4 ,franklin4 ,i take--,eh6 ,oh6--as much exercise--,eh6--as ,i can1 ,madam ,gout4 ,you know my sedentary#efg state2 and on that account1 it would seem1 ,madam ,gout1 as if you might spare me a little1 seeing it is not altogether my own fault4 #c4 ,gout4 ,not a jot2 your rhetoric and your politeness are thrown away2 your apology avails nothing4 ,if your situation in life is a sedentary one1 your amusements1 your recreations1 at least1 should be active4 ,you ought to walk or ride2 or if the weather prevents that1 play at something4 ,but let us examine your course of life4 ,while the mornings are long1 and you have leisure to go abroad1 what do you do8 ,why1 instead of gaining an appetite for breakfast1 by salutary exercise1 you amuse yourself with books1 pamphlets1 or newspapers1 which commonly are not worth the reading4 ,yet you eat an inordinate breakfast3 four dishes of tea1 with cream1 one or two buttered toasts1 with slices of hung beef2 which ,i fancy are not things the most easily digested4 #d4 ,immediately afterward1 you sit down to write at your desk1 or converse with persons who apply to you on business4 ,thus the time passes till one1 without any kind of bodily exercise4 ,but all this ,i could pardon1 in regard1 as you say1 to your sedentary condition2 but what is your practice after dinner8 ,walking in the beautiful gardens of those friends with whom you have dined would be the choice of men of sense2 yours is to be fixed down to chess1 where you are found engaged for two or three hours4 #e4 ,this is your perpetual recreation2 the least eligible#efh of any for a sedentary man1 because1 instead of accelerating#efi the motion of the fluids1 the rigid#egj attention it requires helps to retard the circulation and obstruct internal secretions4#ega ,wrapt in the speculations of this wretched game1 you destroy your constitution4 ,what can be expected from such a course of living but a body replete with stagnant humors1 ready to fall a prey to all kinds of dangerous maladies1#egb if ,i1 the ,gout1 did not occasionally bring you relief by agitating those humors1 and so purifying or dissipating them8 ,fie1 then1 ,mr4 ,franklin6 ,but1 amidst my instructions1 ,i had almost forgotten to administer my wholesome corrections2 so take that twinge1 and that4 #f4 ,franklin4 ,oh6 ,eh6 ,oh6 ,oh6 ,as much instruction as you please1 ,madam ,gout1 and as many reproaches2 but pray1 ,madam1 a truce with your corrections6 ,gout4 ,no1 sir1 no2 ,i will not abate a particle of what is so much for your good1 therefore-- ,franklin4 ,oh6 ,eh6 ,it is not fair to say ,i take no exercise1 when ,i do1 very often1 go out to dine1 and return in my carriage4 #g4 ,gout4 ,that1 of all imaginable exercises1 is the most slight and insignificant1 if you allude to the motion of a carriage suspended on springs4 ,by observing the degree of heat obtained from different kinds of motion1 we may form an estimate of the quantity of exercise given by each4 ,thus1 for example1 if you turn out to walk in winter with cold feet1 in an hour's time you will be in a glow all over2 ride on horseback1 the same effect will scarcely be perceived by four hours' round trotting2 but if you loll in a carriage1 such as you have mentioned1 you may travel all day1 and gladly enter the last inn to warm your feet by a fire4 #h4 ,flatter yourself1 then1 no longer1 that half an hour's airing in your carriage deserves the name of exercise4 ,providence has appointed few to roll in carriages1 while he has given to all a pair of legs1 which are machines infinitely more commodious and serviceable4 ,be grateful1 then1 and make a proper use of yours4 #efc ,,in-,,do-,,lence1 sloth1 idleness4 #efd ,,tor-,,ment1 to put to extreme pain4 #efe ,,tip-,,pler1 a frequent and habitual drinker of strong liquors4 #eff ,,com-,,plai-,,sant1 polite1 courteous4 #efg ,,sed-,,en-,,ta-,,ry1 accustomed to sit much4 #efh ,,el-,i-,,gi-,,ble1 desirable4 #efi ,,ac-,,cel-,,er-,,ate1 to hasten the motion of2 to quicken4 #egj ,,rig-,,id1 severe1 strict1 exact4 #ega ,,se-,,cre-,,tion1 separation of juices4 #egb ,,mal-,a-,,dies1 bodily ailments2 diseases4 ,,lxxviii4--,,the ,,death ,,of ,,the ,,flowers4 ,,william ,,cullen ,,bryant4 #a4 ,the melancholy days#egc are come1 the saddest of the year1 ,of wailing#egd winds1 and naked woods1 and meadows brown and sear4 ,heaped in the hollows of the grove1 the withered leaves lie dead2 ,they rustle to the eddying#ege gust1 and to the rabbit's tread4 ,the robin and the wren are flown1 and from the shrub the jay1 ,and from the wood-top caws#egf the crow1 through all the gloomy day4 #b4 ,where are the flowers1 the fair young flowers1 that lately sprung and stood ,in brighter light and softer airs1 a beauteous sisterhood8 ,alas6 they all are in their graves2 the gentle race of flowers ,are lying in their lowly bed1 with the fair and good of ours4 ,the rain is falling where they lie2 but the cold ,november rain ,calls not from out the gloomy earth the lovely ones again4 #c4 ,the wind-flower and the violet1 they perished long ago1 ,and the wild-rose and the orchis died amid the summer glow2 ,but on the hill the golden-rod1 and the aster in the wood1 ,and the yellow sun-flower by the brook1 in autumn beauty stood1 ,till fell the frost from the clear cold heaven1 as falls the plague on men1 ,and the brightness of their smile was gone from upland1 glade1#egg and glen4#egh #d4 ,and now1 when comes the calm1 mild day1 as still such days will come1 ,to call the squirrel and the bee from out their winter home1 ,when the sound of dropping nuts is heard1 though all the trees are still1 ,and twinkle in the smoky light1 the waters of the rill1 ,the south wind searches for the flowers1 whose fragrance late he bore1 ,and sighs to find them in the wood and by the stream no more4 #e4 ,and then ,i think of one who in her youthful beauty died1 ,the fair1 meek blossom that grew up and faded by my side2 ,in the cold1 moist earth we laid her1 when the forest cast the leaf1 ,and we wept that one so lovely should have a life so brief2 ,yet not unmeet it was that one1 like that young friend of ours1 ,so gentle and so beautiful1 should perish with the flowers4 #egc ,,mel-,,an-,,chol-,y1 low-spirited2 unhappy2 sad4 #egd ,,wail-,,ing1 moaning2 grieving over2 weeping loudly4 #ege ,,ed-,,dy-,,ing1 moving circularly4 #egf ,this reading--caws1 instead of calls--is sanctioned by the gifted author4 #egg ,,glade1 an open or cleared place in a forest or wood4 #egh ,,glen1 a retired and narrow valley2 a narrow space between hills4 ,,lxxix4--,,edward ,,the ,,confessor4 ,,lingard4 ,john ,lingard1 ,d4 ,d41 was born in ,england in #agga2 died in #ahea4 ,with the completion of the 8,history of ,england10 which has been republished in ,new ,york in thirteen volumes1 the literary fame of ,dr4 ,lingard became established throughout ,europe4 ,cardinal ,wiseman speaks of this history1 and its learned author1 in the following terms3 8,it is a ,providence that in history we have had given to the nation a writer like ,lingard1 whose gigantic merit will be better appreciated in each successive generation1 as it sees his work standing calm and erect amidst the shoals of petty pretenders to usurp his station4 ,when ,hume shall have fairly taken his place among the classical writers of our tongue1 and ,macaulay shall have been transferred to the shelves of romances and poets1 and each thus have received his due meed of praise1 then ,lingard will be still more conspicuous as the only impartial historian of our country40 #a4 ,if we estimate the character of a sovereign by the test of popular affection1 we must rank ,edward among the best princes of his time4 ,the goodness of his heart was adored by his subjects1 who lamented his death with tears of undissembled grief1 and bequeathed his memory as an object of veneration to their posterity4 ,the blessings of his reign are the constant theme of our ancient writers3 not1 indeed1 that he displayed any of those brilliant qualities which attract admiration1 while they inflict misery4 #b4 ,he could not boast of the victories which he had achieved2 but he exhibited the interesting spectacle of a king1 negligent of his private interests1 and wholly devoted to the welfare of his people2 and1 by his labors to restore the dominion of the laws1 his vigilance to ward off foreign aggression1 his constant1 and ultimately successful1 solicitude to appease the feuds of his nobles1--if he did not prevent the interruption1 he secured1 at least1 a longer duration of public tranquillity1 than had been enjoyed in ,england for half a century4 #c4 ,he was pious1 kind1 and compassionate2 the father of the poor1 and the protector of the weak2 more willing to give than to receive1 the better pleased to pardon than to punish4 ,under the preceding kings1 force generally supplied the place of justice1 and the people were impoverished by the rapacity of the sovereign4 ,but ,edward enforced the laws of his ,saxon predecessors1 and disdained the riches that were wrung from the labors of his subjects4 #d4 ,temperate in his diet1 unostentatious in his person1 pursuing no pleasures but those which his hawks and hounds afforded1 he was content with the patrimonial domains of the crown2 and was able to assert1 even after the abolition of that fruitful source of revenue1 the ,danegelt1 that he possessed a greater portion of wealth than any of his predecessors enjoyed4 ,to him1 the principle that the king can do no wrong1 was literally applied by the gratitude of his people1 who1 if they occasionally complained of the measures of the government1 attributed the blame not to the monarch himself1 of whose benevolence they entertained no doubt1 but to the ministers1 who had abused his confidence1 or deceived his credulity4 #e4 ,it was1 however1 a fortunate circumstance for the memory of ,edward1 that he occupied the interval between the ,danish and ,norman conquests4 ,writers were induced to view his character with more partiality1 from the hatred with which they looked upon his successors and predecessors4 ,they were foreigners2 he was a native3 they held the crown by conquest2 he by descent3 they ground to the dust the slaves whom they had made2 he became known to his countrymen only by his benefits4 ,hence he appeared to shine with purer light amid the gloom with which he was surrounded2 and whenever the people under the despotism of the ,norman kings1 had any opportunity of expressing their real wishes1 they constantly called for 8the laws and customs of the good ,king ,edward04 ,,lxxx4--,,the ,,coming ,,of ,,winter4 ,t4 ,b4 ,,read4 #a4 ,autumn's sighing1 ,moaning1 dying1 ,clouds are flying ,on like steeds2 ,while their shadows ,o'er the meadows1 ,walk like widows ,decked in weeds4 #b4 ,red leaves trailing1 ,fall unfailing1 ,dropping1 sailing1 ,from the wood1 ,that1 unpliant1 ,stands defiant1 ,like a giant1 ,dropping blood4 #c4 ,winds are swelling ,round our dwelling1 ,all day telling ,us their woe2 ,and1 at vesper1 ,frosts grow crisper1 ,as they whisper ,of the snow4 #d4 ,from the unseen land1 ,frozen inland1 ,down from ,greenland1 ,winter glides4 ,shedding lightness ,like the brightness ,when moon-whiteness ,fills the tide4 #e4 ,now bright ,pleasure's ,sparkling measures ,with rare treasures ,overflow6 ,with this gladness ,comes what sadness ,oh1 what sadness1 ,oh1 what woe6 #f4 ,even merit ,may inherit ,some bare garret1 ,or the ground2 ,or1 a worse ill1 ,beg a morsel ,at some door-sill1 ,like a hound4 #g4 ,storms are trailing1 ,winds are wailing1 ,howling1 railing1 ,at each door4 ',midst this trailing1 ,howling1 railing1 ,list the wailing ,of the poor6 ,,lxxxi4--,,the ,,sister ,,of ,,charity4 ,,williams4 ,richard ,dalton ,williams was born in ,ireland4 ,he had been for several years previous to his death1 ,professor of ,belles ,letters in the ,catholic ,college1 ,mobile4 ,his poems all bear the unmistakable stamp of poetic genius4 #a4 ,sister of ,charity1 gentle and dutiful1 ,loving as seraphim1 tender and mild1 ,in humbleness strong1 and in purity beautiful1 ,in spirit heroic1 in manners a child1 ,ever thy love like an angel reposes1-- ,with hovering wings o'er the sufferer here1 ,till the arrows of death are half-hidden in roses1 ,and hope-speaking prophecy smiles on the bier4 #b4 ,when life1 like a vapor1 is slowly retiring1 ,as clouds in the dawning to heaven uprolled1 ,thy prayer1 like a herald1 precedes him expiring1 ,and the ,cross on thy bosom his last looks behold2 ,and ,o6 as the ,spouse to thy words of love listens1 ,what hundredfold blessings descend on thee then-- ,thus the flower-absorbed dew in the bright iris glistens1 ,and returns to the lilies more richly again4 #c4 ,sister of ,charity1 child of the holiest1 ,o1 for thy living soul1 ardent as pure-- ,mother of orphans and friend of the lowliest-- ,stay of the wretched1 the guilty1 the poor2 ,the embrace of the ,godhead so plainly enfolds thee ,sanctity's halo so shrines thee around1 ,daring the eye that unshrinking beholds thee1 ,nor droops in thy presence abashed to the ground4 #d4 ,dim is the fire of the sunniest blushes1 ,burning the breast of the maidenly rose ,to the exquisite bloom that thy pale beauty flushes1 ,when the incense ascends and the sanctuary glows1 ,and the music1 that seems heaven's language1 is pealing-- ,adoration has bowed him in silence and sighs1 ,and man1 intermingled with angels1 is feeling ,the passionless rapture that comes from the skies4 #e4 ,o1 that this heart1 whose unspeakable treasure ,of love hath been wasted so vainly on clay1 ,like thine1 unallured by the phantom of pleasure1 ,could rend every earthly affection away4 ,and yet1 in thy presence1 the billows subsiding ,obey the strong effort of reason and will1 ,and my soul1 in her pristine tranquillity gliding1 ,is calm as when ,god bade the ocean be still4 #f4 ,thy soothing1 how gentle6 thy pity1 how tender6 ,choir-music thy voice is--thy step angel grace1 ,and thy union with deity shrines in a splendor ,subdued1 but unearthly1 thy spiritual face4 ,when the frail chains are broken1 a captive that bound thee1 ,afar from thy home is the prison of clay1 ,bride of the ,lamb1 and earth's shadows around thee ,disperse in the blaze of eternity's day4 #g4 ,still mindful1 as now1 of the sufferer's story1 ,arresting the thunders of wrath ere they roll1 ,intervene as a cloud between us and ,his glory1 ,and shield from ,his lightnings the shuddering soul4 ,as mild as the moonbeam in autumn descending ,that lightning1 extinguished by mercy1 shall fall1 ,while he hears1 with the wail of a penitent blending1 ,thy prayer1 ,holy ,daughter of ,vincent de ,paul4 ,,lxxxii4--,,washington ,,and ,,bonaparte ,,compared4 ,,chateaubriand4 #a4 ,if ,washington and ,bonaparte are compared1 man with man1 the genius of the first will seem to take a less lofty flight than that of the second4 ,washington belongs not1 like ,bonaparte1 to the race of ,alexanders and ,csars1 who surpassed the ordinary stature of the human race2 he creates no sentiment of astonishment2 he is not seen contending1 on a vast theatre1 for glory1 with the greatest captains and most powerful monarchs of the earth1 he traverses#egi no seas2 he hurries not from ,memphis to ,vienna1 from ,cadiz to ,moscow2 his work is a simple one of defending himself1 with a handful of citizens1 within the narrow limits of domestic hearths1 in a land without a past and without celebrity4 #b4 ,he gains none of those battles which renew the bloody triumphs of ,arbela#ehj and ,pharsalia2#eha he puts not his foot upon the necks of kings2 he does not say to them1 waiting on the vestibule of his palace1 how often you come6 and how you weary ,attila6#ehb ,a certain spirit of silence envelops the actions of ,washington3 slow caution marks them all4 ,one would say that he had ever the sentiment of his great mission with him1 and that he feared to compromise it by rashness4 #c4 ,his own personal destiny seems not to have entered into the calculations of this hero of a new species2 the destinies of his country alone occupied him1 and he did not permit himself to risk or gamble with what did not belong to him4 ,but from this profound obscurity what light breaks forth6 ,seek through the unknown forests where the sword of ,washington glittered1 and what will you find there8 ,tombs8 ,no6 ,a world4 ,washington has left the ,united ,states as a trophy of his field of battle4 #d4 ,bonaparte possessed no single trait of this great ,american4 ,his wars were all waged on an ancient continent1 environed#ehc by splendor and stunning with noise4 ,his object was personal glory3 his individual destiny filled all his thoughts4 ,he seems to have known that his mission would be short3 that the torrent that fell from such a height would quickly expend its force4 ,he hurried forward to enjoy and to abuse his glory1 as if aware that it was a fugitive dream of youth4 ,like the gods of ,homer1 four steps must suffice him to reach the end of the world4 #e4 ,each of these men has been recompensed according to his works4 ,washington1 after having raised a nation to independence1 slept peacefully1 as a retired magistrate1 under his paternal roof1 amid the regrets of his countrymen1 and the veneration of all people1 ,bonaparte1 having robbed a nation of its independence was hurled1 a dethroned emperor1 into exile1 and the terrified earth hardly thought him secure enough under the custody of the ocean4 #f4 ,even while exhausted and chained to a rock1 he was struggling with death3 ,europe dared not lay down her arms1 for fear of him4 ,he died2 and this event1 published at the gate of the palace before which the conqueror had proclaimed so many funerals1 hardly arrested the passer-by4 ,what1 indeed1 had citizens to weep for6 #g4 ,washington and ,bonaparte both arose out of the bosom of a republic4 ,both were born of liberty2 the first was faithful to it1 the second betrayed it4 ,their lot will be according to the different part they chose3 very different with future generations4 ,the name of ,washington will spread with liberty from age to age1 and mark the commencement of a new era for the human race3 the name of ,bonaparte will be pronounced also by distant generations1 but no benedictions will be attached to it2 it will serve on the contrary1 as an authority to oppressors1 great and petty of all times4 #h4 ,washington represented completely the wants1 the ideas1 the state of enlightenment and opinions of his epoch4 ,he seconded1 instead of thwarting1 the advancing movement3 he willed that which he ought to have willed2 the fulfilment of the mission to which he was called4 ,hence the coherence#ehd and perpetuity of his work4 #i4 ,this man1 who strikes the imagination so slightly1 because he was natural1 and kept within his just proportions1 has confounded his history with that of his country3 his glory is the common patrimony of increased civilization3 his renown rises like one of those sanctuaries whence a stream1 pure and inexhaustible1 flows forth for ever1 for the solace of the people4 #aj4 ,bonaparte might also have enriched the public domain4 ,his action was on the nation the most civilized1 the most intelligent1 the most brave1 the most brilliant of the earth4 ,what a rank would he have occupied at present in the universe1 if he had joined magnanimity to his other heroic qualities6 if--,washington and ,bonaparte at the same time--he had nominated liberty the inheritor of his glory6 #aa4 ,but the disproportioned giant did not completely identify his destiny with that of his country4 ,his genius belonged to modern1 his ambition to ancient times4 ,he did not perceive that the miracles of his life by far surpassed the value of a diadem1 and that this gothic ornament but ill became him4 ,sometimes one might see him take a step with the age2 at others he would retrograde toward the past4 ,but whether he reascended the stream of time or followed its course1 the prodigious force of his genius seemed to command a flow or a flux at his will4 #ab4 ,men were1 in his eyes1 only a means of power3 there was no sympathy between their welfare and his own4 ,he promised to liberate1 and he enchained them3 he separated himself from them1 and they shrunk back from him4 ,the kings of ,egypt built their funeral pyramids1 not amid fertile plains1 but sterile sands4 ,on a like site has ,bonaparte constructed the monument of his renown4 #egi ,,trav-,,erses1 crosses over4 #ehj ,,ar-,,be-,,la1 it was near ,arbela that ,alexander gained his great victory over the ,persians4 #eha ,,phar-,,sa-,,lia1 it was here ,julius ,csar defeated ,pompey4 #ehb ,,at-,,ti-,,la1 a celebrated king of the ,huns4 ,he invaded ,europe with an immense army1 in #dea4 ,he crossed the ,rhine and penetrated to the heart of ,gaul1 sacking and burning all the towns in his way4 ,he was defeated by tius at ,chalons4 #ehc ,,en-,,vi-,,ron1 to surround4 #ehd ,,co-,,her-,,ence1 consistency4 ,,lxxxiii4--,,character ,,of ,,franklin4 ,,brougham4 #a4 ,one of the most remarkable men certainly of our times as a politician1 or of any age as a philosopher1 was ,franklin2 who also stands alone in combining together these two characters1 the greatest that man can sustain1 and in this1 that1 having borne the first part in enlarging science by one of the greatest discoveries ever made1 he bore the second part in founding one of the greatest empires in the world4 #b4 ,in this truly great man every thing seems to concur that goes toward the constitution of exalted merit4 ,first1 he was the architect of his own fortune4 ,born in the humblest station1 he raised himself by his talents and industry1 first to the place in society which may be attained with the help only of ordinary abilities1 great application1 and good luck2 but next1 to the loftier heights which a daring and happy genius alone can scale2 and the printers' boy who at one period of his life had no covering to shelter his head from the dews of night1 rent in twain the proud dominion of ,england1 and lived to be the ambassador of a commonwealth which he had formed1 at the court of the haughty monarchs of ,france1 who had been his allies4 #c4 ,then he had been tried by prosperity as well as by adverse fortune1 and had passed unhurt through the perils of both4 ,no ordinary apprentice1 no commonplace journeyman1 ever laid the foundation of his independence in habits of industry and temperance more deep than he did1 whose genius was afterwards to rank him with the ,galileos and ,newtons of the old world4 ,no patrician born to shine in courts1 or assist at the councils of monarchs1 ever bore his honors in a lofty station more easily1 or was less spoiled by the enjoyment of them1 than this common workman did when negotiating with royal representatives1 or caressed by all the beauty and fashion of the most brilliant court in ,europe4 #d4 ,again1 he was self-taught in all he knew4 ,his hours of study were stolen from those of sleep and of meals1 or gained by some ingenious contrivance for reading while the work of his daily calling went on4 ,assisted by none of the helps which affluence tenders to the studies of the rich1 he had to supply the place of tutors by redoubled diligence1 and of commentaries by repeated perusal4 ,nay1 the possession of books was to be obtained by copying what the art which he himself exercised furnished easily to others4 #e4 ,next1 the circumstances under which others succumb he made to yield1 and bent to his own purposes--a successful leader of a revolt that ended in complete triumph after appearing desperate for years3 a great discoverer in philosophy without the ordinary helps to knowledge2 a writer famed for his chaste style without a classical education2 a skillful negotiator1 though never bred to politics2 ending as a favorite1 nay1 a pattern of fashion when the guest of frivolous courts1 the life which he had begun in garrets and in workshops4 #f4 ,lastly1 combinations of faculties1 in others deemed impossible1 appeared easy and natural in him4 ,the philosopher1 delighting in speculation1 was also eminently a man of action4 ,ingenious reasoning1 refined and subtle consultation1 were in him combined with prompt resolution and inflexible firmness of purpose4 ,to a lively fancy he joined a learned and deep reflection2 his original and inventive genius stooped to the convenient alliance of the most ordinary prudence in every day affairs2 the mind that soared above the clouds1 and was conversant with the loftiest human contemplations1 disdained not to make proverbs and feign parables for the guidance of apprenticed youths and maidens at service2 and the hands that sketched a free constitution for a whole continent1 or drew down the lightning from heaven1 easily and cheerfully lent themselves to simplify the apparatus by which truths were to be illustrated or discoveries pursued4 #g4 ,his whole course1 both in acting and in speculation1 was simple and plain1 ever preferring the easiest and shortest road1 nor ever having recourse to any but the simplest means to compass his ends4 ,his policy rejected all refinements1 and aimed at accomplishing its purposes by the most rational and obvious expedients4 ,his language was unadorned1 and used as the medium of communicating his thoughts1 not of raising admiration2 but it was pure1 expressive1 racy4 ,his manner of reasoning was manly and cogent1 the address of a rational being to others of the same order2 and so concise1 that preferring decision to discussion1 he never exceeded a quarter of an hour in any public address4 ,his correspondence on business1 whether private or on state affairs1 is a model of clearness and compendious shortness2 nor can any state papers surpass in dignity and impressiveness those of which he is believed to have been the author in the earlier part of the ,american revolutionary war4 #h4 ,his mode of philosophizing was the purest application of the inductive principle1 so eminently adapted to his nature1 and so clearly dictated by common sense1 that we can have little doubt that it would have been suggested by ,franklin1 if it had not been unfolded by ,bacon1 though it is clear that in this case it would have been expounded in far more simple terms4 ,but of all this great man's scientific excellencies1 the most remarkable is the smallness1 the simplicity1 the apparent inadequacy of the means which he employed in his experimental researches4 ,his discoveries were made with hardly any apparatus at all2 and if1 at any time1 he had been led to employ instruments of a less ordinary description1 he never rested satisfied until he had1 as it were1 afterward translated the process1 by resolving the problem with such simple machinery1 that you might say he had done it wholly unaided by apparatus4 ,the experiments by which the identity of lightning and electricity was demonstrated were made with a sheet of brown paper1 a bit of twine1 a silk thread1 and an iron key4 ,upon the integrity of this great man1 whether in public or in private life1 there rests no stain4 ,strictly honest1 and even scrupulously punctual in all his dealings1 he preserved in the highest fortune that regularity which he had practiced1 as well as inculcated1 in the lowest4 #i4 ,in domestic life he was faultless1 and in the intercourse of society1 delightful4 ,there was a constant good humor and a playful wit1 easy and of high relish1 without any ambition to shine1 the natural fruit of his lively fancy1 his solid1 natural good-sense1 and his cheerful temper1 that gave his conversation an unspeakable charm1 and alike suited every circle1 from the humblest to the most elevated4 ,,lxxxiv4--,,the ,,last ,,minstrel4 ,,scott4 ,sir ,walter ,scott was born in ,edinburgh1 ,august #ae1 #agga1 died ,september #ba1 #ahcb4 ,he was distinguished as a poet1 and unrivaled as a novelist4 #a4 ,the way was long1 the wind was cold1 ,the ,minstrel was infirm and old2 ,his withered cheek1 and tresses gray1 ,seemed to have known a better day3 ,the harp1 his sole remaining joy1 ,was carried by an orphan boy2 ,the last of all the ,bards was he1 ,who sung of ,border chivalry4 #b4 ,for well a day6 their date was fled1 ,his tuneful brethren all were dead2 ,and he neglected and oppressed1 ,wished to be with them and at rest4 ,no more on prancing palfrey borne1 ,he caroled1 light as lark at morn2 ,no longer courted and caressed1 ,high-placed in hall1 a welcome guest1 ,he poured to lord and lady gay ,the unpremeditated lay4 #c4 ,old times were changed1 old manners gone1 ,a stranger filled the ,stuart throne1 ,the bigots of the ,iron time ,had called the harmless art a crime4 ,a wandering ,harper1 scorned and poor1 ,he begged his bread from door to door1 ,and tuned1 to please a peasants ear1 ,the harp a king had loved to hear4 #d4 ,he passed where ,newark's stately tower ,looks out from ,yarrow's birchen bower2 ,the ,minstrel gazed with wistful eye1 ,no humbler resting-place was nigh2 ,with hesitating step1 at last1 ,the embattled portal arch he passed1 ,whose pond'rous grate and massy bar ,had oft rolled back the tide of war1 ,but never closed the iron door ,against the desolate and poor4 #e4 ,the ,duchess marked his weary pace1 ,his timid mien1 and reverend face1 ,and bade her page the menials tell1 ,that they should tend the old man well3 ,for she had known adversity1 ,though born in such a high degree2 ,in pride of power and beauty's bloom1 ,had wept o'er ,monmouth's bloody tomb6 ,,lxxxv4--,,the ,,minstrel ,,boy4 ,,thomas ,,moore4 #a4 ,the minstrel boy to the war is gone2 ,in the ranks of ,death you'll find him1 ,his father's sword he has girded on1 ,and his wild harp slung behind him4 8,land of song10 said the warrior-bard1 8,though all the world betrays thee1 ,one sword1 at least1 thy rights shall guard1 ,one faithful harp shall praise thee40 #b4 ,the minstrel fell3 but the foeman's chain ,could not bring his proud soul under4 ,the harp he loved ne'er spoke again1 ,for he tore its chords asunder1 ,and said1 8,no chains shall sully thee1 ,thou soul of love and bravery2 ,thy songs were made for the pure and free2 ,they never shall sound in slav'ry40 ,,lxxxvi4--,,army ,,hymn4 ,o4 ,w4 ,,holmes4 #a4 ,o ,lord of ,hosts6 ,almighty ,king6 ,behold the sacrifice we bring6 ,to every arm thy strength impart1 ,thy ,spirit shed through every heart4 #b4 ,wake in our breasts the living fires1 ,the holy faith1 that warmed our sires2 ,thy hand hath made our nation free2 ,to die for her is serving ,thee4 #c4 ,be thou a pillared flame to show ,the midnight snare1 the silent foe2 ,and when the battle thunders loud1 ,still guide us in its moving cloud4 #d4 ,god of all ,nations6 ,sov'reign ,lord6 ,in thy dread name we draw the sword2 ,we lift the starry flag on high1 ,that fills with light our stormy sky4 #e4 ,from treason's rent1 from murder's stain1 ,guard thou its folds till ,peace shall reign2 ,till fort and field1 till shore and sea1 ,join our loud anthem1--,praise to ,thee6 ,,lxxxvii4--,,the ,,roman ,,pontiffs4 ,,archbishop ,,spalding4 ,m4 ,j4 ,spalding1 ,d4 ,d4 ,archbishop of ,baltimore1 is a native of ,kentucky4 ,he is a man of great learning and ability1 and of untiring industry4 ,he is the author of a very valuable 8,history of the ,protestant ,reformation10 and of several volumes of ,essays and ,lectures4 ,the following is from his brilliant ,introduction to the 8,history of the ,church10 by ,darras4 #a4 ,take them all in all1 the two hundred and fifty ,popes and more1 who have successively occupied the ,chair of ,peter1 constitute the most respectable and venerable body of men whose deeds are recorded on the pages of history4 ,nearly all of them were highly respectable men1 learned1 enlightened1 and pious1 far beyond their age2 very many of them were venerable for their personal sanctity4 ,seventy-nine of them--nearly a third of the entire number--were so remarkable for their holiness of character as to merit being inscribed on the ,calendar of ,saints2 and this number includes thirty-three who willingly laid down their lives for ,christ and ,his ,church4 #b4 ,a very large proportion of the others were men of blameless life1 and of indefatigable#ehe zeal for the propagation#ehf of the faith1 while not a few of them were possessed of great learning and capacity4 ,such1 for instance1 were ,innocent ,,iii41 ,innocent ,,iv41 ,boniface ,,viii41 and ,benedict ,,xiv41--not to name a host of others in the earlier ages of the ,church4 #c4 ,in this connection1 it is a remarkable fact1 and one which shows how effectually ,christ has watched over ,his ,church1 in the person of ,his ,vicars on earth2 that during the last three centuries--since the so-called ,reformation--not a single unworthy or immoral ,pope has occupied the venerable ,chair of ,peter4 ,while wickedness has abounded#ehg1 and the very foundations of the faith have been boldly undermined by wicked men 8lying in wait to deceive10 ,god has taken care of ,his own1 and has spared scandals in the high places of ,his ,church4 #d4 ,the ,reformation1 has1 perhaps1 been instrumental in involuntarily and indirectly rendering this signal service to the cause of the ,church1 which it so unblushingly maligned4 ,by removing from the pale of ,catholic ,christendom the most turbulent#ehh and unrestrained of its members1 it has contributed to purify the atmosphere breathed by the great body of ,christians1 who remained faithful2 while by its bitter opposition1 it has quickened their zeal and nourished their vigilance4 ,thus ,god's providence hath drawn good out of evil4 #e4 ,compare the ,popes with the sovereigns who have contemporaneously#ehi filled the various thrones of ,europe and the world2 and mark the difference1 or rather the contrast4 ,while among the latter it is very difficult to discover even one just man1 in a long line of incumbents2#eij in the former1 it is almost as difficult to find one who is wicked4 ,among the latter1 personal morality1 self-restraint1 and purity are the exception2 among the former1 they are the rule4 ,among the latter1 a ruler now and then appears clad with the virtues which mark the saint1 as if to show that sanctity is compatible with every condition in life2 among the former so many blameless and saintly men appear1 that we cease to wonder1 and yield to no surprise on discovering a new ,pope who is true to the traditions#eia of his order4 ,when we find a solitary flower in the bleak and dreary desert1 we are startled into unbounded admiration2 when we behold whole clusters of them in a flower-garden1 we look with calm pleasure on the beautiful spectacle1 but take it as a matter of course1 and are not at all astonished4 #ehe ,,in-,,de-,,fat-,i-,,ga-,,ble1 unwearying2 not yielding to fatigue4 #ehf ,,prop-,a-,,ga-,,tion1 diffusion2 increase4 #ehg ,a-,,bound-,,ed1 been prevalent or plentiful4 #ehh ,,tur-,,bu-,,lent1 riotous2 disorderly4 #ehi ,,con-,,tem-,,po-,,ra-,,neous1 living or existing at the same time4 #eij ,,in-,,cum-,,bent1 one who holds an office4 #eia ,,tra-,,di-,,tion1 the history or account handed down from one to another4 ,,lxxxviii4--,,labor ,,and ,,genius ,,sydney ,,smith4 ,sydney ,smith was born in #agia1 and died in #ahde4 ,his miscellaneous writings1 comprising essays1 reviews1 and occasional pieces1 are characterized by a happy combination of strong sense and brilliant wit4 #a4 ,the prevailing idea with young people has been1 the incompatibility#eib of labor and genius2 and1 therefore1 from the fear of being thought dull1 they have thought it necessary to remain ignorant4 ,i have seen1 at school and at college1 a great many young men completely destroyed by having been so unfortunate as to produce an excellent copy of verses4 ,their genius being now established1 all that remained for them to do1 was to act up to the dignity of the character2 and as this dignity consisted in reading nothing new1 in forgetting what they had already read1 and in pretending to be acquainted with all subjects by a sort of off-hand exertion of talents1 they soon collapsed#eic into the most frivolous and insignificant of men4 #b4 ,it would be an extremely profitable thing to draw up a short and well-authenticated account of the habits of study of the most celebrated writers with whose style of literary industry we happen to be most acquainted4 ,it would go very far to destroy the absurd and pernicious#eid association of genius and idleness1 by showing that the greatest poets1 orators1 statesmen1 and historians--men of the most brilliant and imposing talents--have actually labored as hard as the makers of dictionaries and the arrangers of indexes2 and that the most obvious reason why they have been superior to other men is1 that they have taken more pains than other men4 #c4 ,gibbon was in his study every morning1 winter and summer1 at six o'clock3 ,burke was the most laborious and indefatigable#eie of human beings3 ,leibnitz#eif was never out of his library3 ,pascal killed himself by study3 ,cicero narrowly escaped death from the same cause3 ,milton was at his books with as much regularity as a merchant or an attorney2 he had mastered all the knowledge of his time3 so had ,homer4 ,raphael lived but thirty-seven years2 and in that short space carried the art of painting so far beyond what it had before reached1 that he appears to stand alone as a model to his successors4 #d4 ,there are instances to the contrary2 but1 generally speaking1 the life of all truly great men has been a life of intense and incessant#eig labor4 ,they have commonly passed the first half of life in the gross darkness of indigent humility--overlooked1 mistaken1 contemned by weaker men1--thinking while others slept1 reading while others rioted1 feeling something within them that told them they should not always be kept down among the dregs of the world2 and then1 when their time has come1 and some little accident has given them their first occasion1 they have burst out into the light and glory of public life1 rich with the spoils of time1 and mighty in all the labors and struggles of the mind4 #e4 ,then do the multitude cry out1 8,a miracle of genius60 ,yes1 he is a miracle of genius1 because he is a miracle of labor2 because1 instead of trusting to the resources of his own single mind1 he has ransacked a thousand minds2 because he makes use of the accumulation of ages1 and takes1 as his point of departure1 the very last line and boundary to which science has advanced2 because it has ever been the object of his life to assist every intellectual gift of nature1 however munificent1#eih and however splendid1 with every resource that art could suggest1 and every attention diligence could bestow4 #f4 ,but1 while ,i am descanting#eii upon the conduct of the understanding1 and the best mode of acquiring knowledge1 some men may be disposed to ask1 8,why conduct my understanding with such endless care8 and what is the use of so much knowledge80 ,what is the use of so much knowledge8 ,what is the use of so much life8 ,what are we to do with the seventy years of existence allotted to us8 and how are we to live them out to the last8 #g4 ,i solemnly declare that1 but for the love of knowledge1 ,i should consider the life of the meanest hedger and ditcher as preferable to that of the greatest and richest man in existence2 for the fire of our minds is like the fire which the ,persians burn on the mountains3 it flames night and day1 and is immortal1 and not to be quenched6 ,upon something it must act and feed--upon the pure spirit of knowledge1 or upon the foul dregs of polluting passions4 #h4 ,therefore1 when ,i say1 in conducting your understanding1 love knowledge with a great love1 with a vehement love1 with a love coeval#fjj with life1 what do ,i say but love innocence1 love virtue1 love purity of conduct1 love that which1 if you are rich and great1 will vindicate the blind fortune which has made you so1 and make men call it justice2 love that which1 if you are poor1 will render your poverty respectable1 and make the proudest feel it unjust to laugh at the meanness of your fortunes2 love that which will comfort you1 adorn you and never quit you1--which will open to you the kingdom of thought1 and all the boundless regions of conceptions1 as an asylum against the cruelty1 the injustice1 and the pain that may be your lot in the outer world1--that which will make your motives habitually great and honorable1 and light up in an instant a thousand noble disdains at the very thought of meanness and of fraud4 #i4 ,therefore1 if any young man have embarked his life in pursuit of knowledge1 let him go on without doubting or fearing the event2 let him not be intimidated by the cheerless beginnings of knowledge1 by the darkness from which she springs1 by the difficulties which hover around her1 by the wretched habitations in which she dwells1 by the want and sorrow which sometimes journey in her train2 but let him ever follow her as the ,angel that guards him1 and as the ,genius of his life4 ,she will bring him out at last into the light of day1 and exhibit him to the world comprehensive in acquirements1 fertile in resources1 rich in imagination1 strong in reasoning1 prudent and powerful above his fellows in all the relations and in all the offices of his life4 #eib ,,in-,,com-,,pat-,i-,,bil-,i-,,ty1 state or quality of a thing which prevents it from harmonizing with something else2 inconsistency2 disagreement4 #eic ,,col-,,laps-,,ed1 fell together1 as the sides of a hollow vessel2 shrunk up2 dwindled4 #eid ,,per-,,ni-,,cious1 mischievous1 hurtful1 or evil1 in a high degree4 #eie ,,in-,,de-,,fat-,i-,,ga-,,ble1 incapable of being exhausted or wearied2 persevering4 #eif ,pronounced ,libnitz4 #eig ,,in-,,ces-,,sant1 unceasing2 continual4 #eih ,,mu-,,nif-,i-,,cent1 bountiful2 liberal2 generous4 #eii ,,des-,,cant-,,ing1 discoursing2 making remarks2 commenting4 #fjj ,,co-,e-,,val1 of the same age2 contemporary4 ,,lxxxix4--,,the ,,dying ,,girl4 ,,williams4 #a4 ,from a ,munster vale they brought her1 ,from the pure and balmy air1 ,an ,ormond peasants daughter1 ,with blue eyes and golden hair4 ,they brought her to the city1 ,and she faded slowly there2 ,consumption has no pity ,for blue eyes and golden hair4 #b4 ,when ,i saw her first reclining1 ,her lips were moved in prayer1 ,and the setting sun was shining ,on her loosened golden hair4 ,when our kindly glances met her1 ,deadly brilliant was her eye2 ,and she said that she was better ,while we knew that she must die4 #c4 ,she speaks of ,munster valleys1 ,the patron1#fja dance1 and fair4 ,and her thin hand feebly dallies ,with her scattered golden hair4 ,when silently we listened ,to her breath1 with quiet care1 ,her eyes with wonder glistened1 ,and she asked us what was there4 #d4 ,the poor thing smiled to ask it1 ,and her pretty mouth laid bare1 ,like gems within a casket ,a string of pearlets rare4 ,we said that we were trying ,by the gushing of her blood1 ,and the time she took in sighing1 ,to know if she were good4 #e4 ,well1 she smiled and chatted gayly1 ,though we saw1 in mute despair1 ,the hectic brighter daily1 ,and the death-dew on her hair4 ,and oft her wasted fingers1 ,beating time upon the bed1 ,o'er some old tune she lingers1 ,and she bows her golden head4 #f4 ,at length the harp is broken1 ,and the spirit in its strings1 ,as the last decree is spoken1 ,to its source1 exulting1 springs4 ,descending swiftly from the skies1 ,her guardian angel came1 ,he struck ,god's lightning from her eyes1 ,and bore ,him back the flame4 #g4 ,before the sun had risen ,through the lark-loved morning air1 ,her young soul left its prison1 ,undefiled by sin or care4 ,i stood beside the couch in tears1 ,where1 pale and calm1 she slept1 ,and though ,i've gazed on death for years1 ,i blush not that ,i wept4 ,i checked with effort pity's sighs1 ,and left the matron there1 ,to close the curtain of her eyes1 ,and bind her golden hair4 #fja ,,pa-,,tron1 7pronounced pattern17 assemblage of persons on the anniversary of the local patron saint of a parish or town in ,ireland4 ,,xc4--,,the ,,angelus ,,bell4 ,,campion4 #a4 ,the large moon of autumn1 ,the guardian of night1 ,had closed her pale lamp ,in the firmaments height2 ,from the ,black ,abbey's towers ,the wild doves careered1 ,as the bright dawn of morn ,awaking appeared2 ,and the old marble city1 ,from campanile gray1 ,proclaimed to the burghers ,all ,noreward--8'twas day60 ,then the long1 mellow knell ,of the ,angelus ,bell1 ,seemed psalming and singing ,o'er blessed crypt and cell1 ,where the ,black ,monks were wont ,in the old times to dwell4 #b4 ',twas noon1 at the market-cross1 ,in the quaint town1 ,and the burgher so comely1 ,the tall peasant brown1 ,and the gaunt man-at-arms1 ,and mild maiden meek1 ,with the peach-blush of beauty ,and peace on her cheek1 ,were crowding together ,in hundreds around1 ,while the tall cross stood stately ',mid tumult and sound4 ,then the long1 mellow knell ,of the ,angelus ,bell ,upon the dense crowd ,in the market-place fell2 ,and the burgher knelt down1 ,and the peasant as well1 ,and the gaunt soldier rude1 ,at the peal of the bell1 ,while the pure maiden voice ,joined the long1 mellow knell4 #c4 ',twas night o'er the abbey1 ,the moon rose again ,o'er the grand domes of pleasure ,and poor haunts of pain2 ,and the wild dove was nestled ,again in the cleft ,of the old belfry tower ,that early he left2 ,and the pale monks were sitting ,alone and alone1 ,with lamps still unlighted1 ,and penitent moan2 ,when the ,angelus ,bell1 ,with its long1 mellow knell1 ,broke up their lone reveries ,like a blest spell2 ,and down on the cold earth ,the holy men fell1 ,the grand prayer to chant ,and their long beads to tell2 ,while sang with its psalm-voice ,the ,angelus ,bell4 ,,xci4--,a ,,curtain ,,lecture ,,of ,,mrs4 ,,caudle4 ,,jerrold4 ,douglas ,william ,jerrold was born in ,london in #ahjc1 and died in #aheg4 ,he was first a midshipman in the navy1 then a printer1 and lastly1 a man of letters by profession4 ,his 8,caudle ,lectures0 were published in the ,london ,punch1 and extensively read in ,england and ,america4 #a4 ,bah6 that's the third umbrella gone since ,christmas4 ,what were you to do8 ,why1 let him go home in the rain1 to be sure4 ,i'm very certain there was nothing about him that could spoil4 ,take cold1 indeed6 ,he doesn't look like one of the sort to take cold4 ,besides1 he'd have better taken cold than taken our umbrella4 ,do you hear the rain1 ,mr4 ,caudle8 ,i say1 do you hear the rain8 ,and1 as ,i'm alive1 if it isn't ,st4 ,swithin's day6#fjb ,do you hear it against the window8 #b4 ,nonsense3 you don't impose upon me2 you can't be asleep with such a shower as that6 ,do you hear it1 ,i say8 ,o1 you do hear it6 ,well1 that's a pretty flood1 ,i think1 to last for six weeks2 and no stirring all the time out of the house4 ,pooh6 don't think me a fool1 ,mr4 ,caudle2 don't insult me6 he return the umbrella6 ,any body would think you were born yesterday4 ,as if any body ever did return an umbrella6 #c4 ,there3 do you hear it8 ,worse and worse4 ,cats and dogs1 and for six weeks3 always six weeks2 and no umbrella6 ,i should like to know how the children are to go to school to-morrow4 ,they shan't go through such weather1 ,i am determined4 ,no2 they shall stop at home1 and never learn any thing1 the blessed creatures6 sooner than go and get wet6 ,and when they grow up1 ,i wonder who they'll have to thank for knowing nothing2 who1 indeed1 but their father6 ,people who can't feel for their own children ought never to be fathers4 #d4 ,but ,i know why you lent the umbrella3 ,o1 yes1 ,i know very well4 ,i was going out to tea at dear mother's to-morrow3 you knew that1 and you did it on purpose4 ,don't tell me2 you hate to have me go there1 and take every mean advantage to hinder me4 ,but don't you think it1 ,mr4 ,caudle2 no1 sir3 if it comes down in buckets' full1 ,i'll go all the more4 #e4 ,no2 and ,i won't have a cab6#fjc ,where do you think the money's to come from8 ,a cab indeed6--,cost me sixteen-pence1 at least3 sixteen-pence6 two-and-eight-pence2 for there's back again4 ,cabs1 indeed6 ,i should like to know who's to pay for 'em2 for ,i'm sure you can't1 if you go on as you do1 throwing away your property1 and beggaring your children1 buying umbrellas4 #f4 ,do you hear the rain1 ,mr4 ,caudle8 ,i say1 do you hear it8 ,but ,i don't care2 ,i'll go to mother's to-morrow--,i will2 and what's more1 ,i'll walk every step of the way2 and you know that will give me my death4 ,don't call me a foolish woman2 it's you that's the foolish man4 ,you know ,i can't wear clogs#fjd2 and with no umbrella1 the wet's sure to give me a cold--it always does4 ,but what do you care for that8 ,nothing at all4 ,i may be laid up for all you care1 as ,i dare say ,i shall2 and a pretty doctor's bill there'll be4 ,i hope there will4 ,it will teach you to lend your umbrellas again4 ,i shouldn't wonder if ,i caught my death4 ,yes1 and that's what you lent the umbrella for4 ,of course4 #g4 ,nice clothes ,i get1 too1 traipsing#fje through weather like this6 ,my gown and bonnet will be spoiled quite4 ,i needn't wear 'em then4 ,indeed1 ,mr4 ,caudle1 ,i shall wear 'em4 ,no1 sir2 ,i am not going out a dowdy to please you or any body else4 ,gracious knows6 it isn't often that ,i step over the threshold2 indeed1 ,i might as well be a slave at once3 better1 ,i should say2 but when ,i do go out1 ,mr4 ,caudle1 ,i choose to go as a lady4 ,o1 that rain6 if it isn't enough to break in the windows4 #h4 ,ugh6 ,i look forward with dread to to-morrow6 ,how ,i am to go to mother's1 ,i am sure ,i can't tell1 but if ,i die1 ,i'll do it4--,no1 sir1 ,i won't borrow an umbrella3 no2 and you shan't buy one4 7,with great emphasis47 ,mr4 ,caudle1 if you bring home another umbrella1 ,i'll throw it into the street4 #i4 ,ha6 and it was only last week ,i had a new nozzle put to that umbrella4 ,i'm sure if ,i'd have known as much as ,i do now1 it might have gone without one4 ,paying for new nozzles for other people to laugh at you6 ,o1 it's all very well for you2 you can go to sleep4 ,you've no thought of your poor patient wife1 and your own dear children3 you think of nothing but lending umbrellas6 #aj4 ,men1 indeed6 ,call themselves lords of creation6 pretty lords1 when they can't even take care of an umbrella6 #aa4 ,i know that walk to-morrow will be the death of me1 but that's what you want3 then you may go to your club1 and do as you like2 and then nicely my poor dear children will be used2 but then1 sir1 then you'll be happy4 ,o1 don't tell me6 ,i know you will6 else you'd never have lent the umbrella6 #ab4 ,the children1 dear things6 they'll be sopping wet2 for they shan't stay at home2 they shan't lose their learning2 it's ill their father will leave them1 ,i'm sure4--,but they shall go to school4 ,don't tell me they needn't3 you are so aggravating#fjf1 ,caudle1 you'd spoil the temper of an angel2 they shall go to school6 mark that3 and if they get their deaths of cold1 it's not my fault2 ,i didn't lend the umbrella4 #ac4 8,here10 says ,caudle1 in his manuscript1 8,i fell asleep1 and dreamed that the sky was turned into green calico1 with whalebone ribs3 that1 in fact1 the whole world revolved under a tremendous umbrella60 #fjb ,there is an old superstition in ,england that if it rains on ,st4 ,swithin's day 7#aeth ,july71 not one of the next forty days will be wholly without rain4 #fjc ,,cab1 a kind of carriage1 with two or four wheels1 drawn by one horse4 #fjd ,,clogs1 a kind of overshoes worn to keep the feet dry4 #fje ,,traips-,,ing1 a colloquial or low word1 meaning1 running about idly or carelessly4 #fjf ,,ag-,,gra-,,vat-,,ing1 making worse2 also colloquially1 provoking2 irritating4 ,,xcii4--,,the ,,song ,,of ,,the ,,shirt4 ,,hood4 ,thomas ,hood was born in ,london in #agih1 and died in #ahde4 ,his life was one of severe toil and much suffering1 always sustained1 however1 with manly resolution and a cheerful spirit4 ,he wrote much1 both in prose and verse4 ,he was a man of peculiar and original genius1 which manifested itself with equal power and ease in humor and pathos4 ,the following remarkable piece of poetry appeared in the ,london ,punch only a short time before the death of the lamented author4 ,it was written at a time when the attention of benevolent persons in ,london had been awakened to the inadequate wages paid to poor needlewomen1 and their consequent distress2 and from the seasonableness of its appearance1 as well as its high literary merit1 it produced a great effect4 ,it is valuable1 as an expression of that deep and impassioned sympathy with suffering1 which was a leading trait in ,hood's nature1 and forms an attractive element in his writings4 #a4 ,with fingers weary and worn1 ,with eyelids heavy and red1 ,a woman sat1 in unwomanly rags1 ,plying her needle and thread-- ,stitch--stitch--stitch6 ,in poverty1 hunger1 and dirt1 ,and still1 with a voice of dolorous#fjg pitch1 ,she sang the 8,song of the ,shirt60 #b4 ,work--work--work6 ,while the cock is crowing aloof6#fjh ,and work--work--work6 ,till the stars shine through the roof6 ,it's ,o1 to be a slave ,along with the barbarous ,turk1 ,where woman has never a soul to save1 ,if ,,this is ,christian work4 #c4 8,work--work--work6 ,till the brain begins to swim2 ,work--work--work6 ,till the eyes are heavy and dim6 ,seam1 and gusset1 and band1 ,band1 and gusset1 and seam1 ,till over the buttons ,i fall asleep1 ,and sew them on in my dream4 #d4 8,o men with sisters dear6 ,o men with mothers and wives6 ,it is not linen you're wearing out1 ,but human creatures' lives6 ,stitch--stitch--stitch6 ,in poverty1 hunger and dirt1 ,sewing at once1 with a double thread1 ,a ,,shroud as well as a shirt6 #e4 8,but why do ,i talk of death1 ,that phantom of grisly bone8 ,i hardly fear his terrible shape1 ,it seems so like my own-- ,it seems so like my own1 ,because of the fast ,i keep3 ,o ,god6 that bread should be so dear1 ,and flesh and blood so cheap6 #f4 8,work--work--work6 ,my labor never flags2 ,and what are its wages8 ,a bed of straw1 ,a crust of bread--and rags3 ,a shattered roof--and this naked floor-- ,a table--a broken chair-- ,and a wall so blank my shadow ,i thank ,for sometimes falling there6 #g4 8,work--work--work6 ,from weary chime to chime2 ,work--work--work6 ,as prisoners work for crime6 ,band1 and gusset1 and seam1 ,seam1 and gusset1 and band1 ,till the heart is sick and the brain benumbed1#fji ,as well as the weary hand6 #h4 8,work--work--work6 ,in the dull ,december light2 ,and work--work--work6 ,when the weather is warm and bright2 ,while underneath the eaves ,the brooding swallows cling1 ,as if to show me their sunny backs1 ,and twit me with the spring4 #i4 8,o1 but to breathe the breath ,of the cowslip and primrose sweet1 ,with the sky above my head1 ,and the grass beneath my feet6 ,for only one short hour ,to feel as ,i used to feel1 ,before ,i knew the woes of want1 ,and the walk that costs a meal6 #aj4 8,o1 but for one short hour6 ,a respite1#faj however brief6 ,no blessed leisure for love or hope1 ,but only time for grief6 ,a little weeping would ease my heart-- ,but in their briny bed ,my tears must stop1 for every drop ,hinders needle and thread60 #aa4 ,with fingers weary and worn1 ,with eyelids heavy and red1 ,a woman sat1 in unwomanly rags1 ,plying her needle and thread-- ,stitch--stitch--stitch-- ,in poverty1 hunger1 and dirt1 ,and still1 with a voice of dolorous pitch1-- ,would that its tone could reach the rich6-- ,she sang this 8,song of the ,shirt60 #fjg ,,dol-,o-,,rous1 sorrowful2 painful4 #fjh ,a-,,loof1 at a distance2 apart4 #fji ,,be-,,numbed1 made torpid4 #faj ,,res-,,pite1 delay2 pause2 interval4 ,,xciii4--,,bernardo ,,del ,,carpio4 ,,mrs4 ,,hemans4 ,the celebrated ,spanish champion1 ,bernardo del ,carpio1 having made many ineffectual efforts to procure the release of his father1 the ,count ,saldana1 who had been imprisoned by ,king ,alfonso of ,asturias1 at last took up arms in despair4 ,the war which he maintained proved so destructive that the men of the land gathered round the king1 and united in demanding ,saldana's liberty4 ,alfonso1 accordingly1 offered ,bernardo immediate possession of his father's person in exchange for his castle of ,carpio4 ,bernardo1 without hesitation1 gave up his stronghold1 with all his captives1 and being assured that his father was then on his way from prison1 rode forth with the king to meet him4 8,and when he saw his father approaching1 he exclaimed10 says the ancient chronicle1 8,o ,god6 is the ,count of ,saldana indeed coming80 8,look where he is10 replied the cruel king2 8and now go and greet him whom you have so long desired to see40 ,the remainder of the story will be found related in the ballad4 ,the chronicles and romances leave us nearly in the dark as to ,bernardo's history after this event4 #a4 ,the warrior bowed his crested head1 and tamed his heart of fire4 ,and sued the haughty king to free his long imprisoned sire3 8,i bring thee here my fortress keys1 ,i bring my captive train2 ,i pledge my faith1 my liege3#faa my lord1 ,o1 break my father's chain60 #b4 8,rise1 rise6 even now thy father comes1 a ransomed#fab man this day2 ,mount thy good horse1 and thou and ,i will meet him on his way40 ,then lightly rose that loyal son1 and bounded on his steed1 ,and urged1 as if with lance in rest1 the charger's#fac foamy speed4 #c4 ,and1 lo6 from far1 as on they pressed1 there came a glittering band1 ,with one that 'midst them stately rode1 as a leader in the land4 8,now haste1 ,bernardo1 haste6 for there1 in very truth1 is he1 ,the father1 whom thy faithful heart hath yearned#fad so long to see40 #d4 ,his dark eye flashed1 his proud breast heaved1 his cheeks' hue came and went2 ,he reached that gray-haired chieftain's side1 and1 there dismounting1 bent2 ,a lowly knee to earth he bent1 his father's hand he took-- ,what was there in its touch that all his fiery spirit shook8 #e4 ,that hand was cold6 a frozen thing6--it dropped from his like lead3 ,he looked up to the face above--the face was of the dead6 ,a plume waved o'er the noble brow--the brow was fixed and white6 ,he met1 at length1 his father's eyes--but in them was no sight6 #f4 ,up from the ground he sprang1 and gazed2 but who could paint that gaze6 ,they hushed their very hearts1 that saw its horror and amaze3 ,they might have chained him1 as before that stony form he stood2 ,for the power was stricken from his arm1 and from his lip the blood4 #g4 8,father60 at length he murmured low1 and wept like childhood then-- ,talk not of grief till thou hast seen the tears of warlike men6-- ,he thought on all his glorious hopes1 on all his young renown3 ,then flung his falchion from his side1 and in the dust sat down2 #h4 ,and covering with his steel-gloved hands his darkly mournful brow1 8,no more1 there is no more10 he said1 8to lift the sword for now3 ,my king is false6 my hope betrayed6 my father--,o1 the worth1 ,the glory1 and the loveliness are passed away from earth60 #i4 ,then from the ground he sprang once more1 and seized the monarchs rein1 ,amidst the pale and wildered looks of all the courtier train2 ,and with a fierce1 o'ermastering grasp1 the rearing war-horse led1 ,and sternly set them face to face--the king before the dead6 #aj4 8,came ,i not forth1 upon thy pledge1 my father's hand to kiss8 ,be still1 and gaze thou on1 false king6 and tell me1 what is this8 ,the voice1 the glance1 the heart ,i sought--give answer1 where are they8 ,if thou wouldst clear thy perjured#fae soul1 send life through this cold clay6 #aa4 8,into these glassy eyes put light--be still6 keep down thine ire2 ,bid these white lips a blessing speak--this earth is not my sire6 ,give me back him for whom ,i strove1 for whom my blood was shed-- ,thou canst not8--and a king6--his dust be mountains on thy head60 #ab4 ,he loosed the steed--his slack hand fell2--upon the silent face ,he cast one long1 deep1 troubled look1 then turned from that sad place2 ,his hope was crushed1 his after-fate untold in martial strain2 ,his banner led the spears no more amidst the hills of ,spain6 #faa ,,liege1 sovereign4 #fab ,,ran-,,somed1 redeemed from captivity or imprisonment by the payment of a ransom or price4 #fac ,,charg-,,er1 a war horse4 #fad ,,yearned1 desired earnestly2 longed4 #fae ,,per-,,jured1 guilty of taking a false oath4 ,,xciv4--,,god ,,gave ,,to ,,his ,,church ,,charity4 ,,lacordaire4 ,father ,lacordaire was born in ,france in #ahjb1 and died in #ahfa4 ,of all the great modern ,french preachers1 he was the ablest and most brilliant4 ,his 8,conferences0 at ,notre ,dame1 ,paris1 attracted immense crowds of the most distinguished people of the city4 ,they have been translated into ,english1 and published in ,new ,york in three octave volumes4 #a4 ,society is impossible if it be not founded upon respect for authority by the people1 and for the people by authority4 ,well1 then1 the ,catholic ,church carries the respect of the people for authority to its highest degree2 she changes the master into a father1 so that if the father errs1 the children1 like those of the patriarch1 cover his faults with the mantle of their respect4 ,at the same time she instills into the hearts of sovereigns that respect so delicate1 so precious1 in the eyes of their people4 ,in their palaces1 and in the midst of their pomp1 she causes them to practice that saying of the ,gospel1 8,he who would be greatest among you let him be your servant40 #b4 ,the persuasive force which resulted from these rational advantages was immense4 ,whether men examined opinions1 history1 morality1 or society1 the ,church was without parallel4 #c4 ,they were able to deprive her of everything1 her patrimony1 the help of the civil authority1 the liberty common to all2 they could cast her ministers into prisons1 torture them on scaffolds2 but men do not imprison reason1 they do not burn accomplished facts1 they do not dishonor virtue1 they do not assassinate logic4 #d4 ,we are strong then1 gentlemen1 first by the spirit of ,god which speaks in us1 but also in the human mind which1 when it comes coolly to examine our history1 our dogmas1 our morality1 is obliged to agree that nothing is more firmly established4 #e4 ,nevertheless1 this was not enough4 ,history only addresses itself to those who have studied it2 ideas enlighten only those who can compare them1 civilization is only appreciable to civilized men4 #f4 ,the ,church needed a yet more human1 that is to say1 a more general source of persuasion4 ,god gave to his ,church charity4 ,there was no heart into which the ,church could not penetrate by charity2 for misfortune is the monarch of this lower world1 and sooner or later every heart is touched by his scepter4 ,men may resist grace and reason1 but who shall resist charity8 ,why hate those who do good8 why kill those who give their life8 ,henceforth the ,church might advance with confidence to subdue the universe1 for there are tears everywhere in the world1 and they are so natural to us that1 even if there were no cause for them1 they would flow without cause1 the simple charm of that indefinable sadness of which our soul is the deep and mysterious well4 #g4 ,metaphysics#faf and history are the pillars of truth2 but these pillars are hidden in the foundations of the temple1 they are only sought for by the light of flambeaux#fag and by distinguished men4 #h4 ,a humble priest1 a cur of a country village1 never enters with the sciences into the cottage of the poor4 ,he goes there with charity4 ,he finds there a heart suffering1 and consequently open3 and the poor man seeing the priest coming to him full of respect for his misery1 and of feeling for his trouble1 easily recognizes truth in the garb of love4 #faf ,,met-,a-,,phys-,,ics1 a science which embraces all those inquiries which relate to other than physical objects4 #fag ,,flam-,,beaux1 7flam-bo71 lighted torches4 ,,xcv4--,,union ,,and ,,liberty4 ,o4 ,w4 ,,holmes4 #a4 ,flag of the heroes who left us their glory1 ,borne through our battle-field's thunder and flame1 ,blazoned in song and illumined in story1 ,wave o'er us all who inherit their fame6 ,up with our banner bright1 ,sprinkled with starry light1 ,spread its fair emblems from mountain to shore2 ,while through the sounding sky1 ,loud rings the nation's cry1-- ,union and ,liberty6--one evermore6 #b4 ,light of our firmament1 guide of our nation1 ,pride of her children1 and honored afar1 ,let the wide beams of thy full constellation ,scatter each cloud that would darken a star6 #c4 ,empire unsceptered6 what foe shall assail thee1 ,bearing the standard of ,liberty's van8 ,think not the ,god of thy fathers shall fail thee1 ,striving with men for the birthright of man6 #d4 ,yet1 if by madness and treachery blighted1 ,dawns the dark hour when the sword thou must draw1 ,then1 with the arms of thy millions united1 ,smite the bold traitors to ,freedom and ,law6 #e4 ,lord of the universe6 shield us and guide us1 ,trusting ,thee always1 through shadow and sun6 ,thou hast united us1 who shall divide us8 ,keep us1 oh keep us1 the ,many in ,one6 ,up with our banner bright1 ,sprinkled with starry light1 ,spread its fair emblems from mountain to shore2 ,while through the sounding sky1 ,loud rings the nation's cry1-- ,union and ,liberty6--one evermore6 ,,xcvi4--,,george ,,washington4 ,,dwight4 #a4 ,to ,americans the name of ,washington will be ever dear2 a savor of sweet incense1 descending to every succeeding generation4 ,the things which he has done are too great1 too interesting1 ever to be forgotten4 ,every object which we see1 every employment in which we are engaged1 every comfort which we enjoy1 reminds us daily of his character4 ,the general peace1 liberty1 religion1 safety1 and prosperity1 strongly impress1 in every place1 what he has done1 suffered1 and achieved4 #b4 ,when a legislature assembles to enact laws2 when courts meet to distribute justice2 when congregations gather to worship ,god2 they naturally and almost necessarily say1 8,to ,washington it is owing1 under ,god1 that we are here40 ,the farmer pursuing his plow in peace1 the mechanic following the business of his shop in safety1 ascribes the privilege to ,washington4 ,the house which1 uninvaded1 shelters from the storm1 the cheerful fireside surrounded by our little ones1 the table spread in quiet with the bounties of ,providence1 the bed on which we repose in undisturbed security1 utters1 in silent but expressive language1 the memory1 and the praise1 of ,washington4 #c4 ,every ship bears the fruits of his labors on its wings1 and exultingly spreads its streamers to his honor4 ,the student meets him in the still and peaceful walk2 the traveler sees him in all the prosperous and smiling scenes of his journey2 and our whole country1 in her thrift1 order1 safety and morals1 bears1 inscribed in sunbeams1 throughout her hills and her plains1 the name and the glory of ,washington4 #d4 ,from a subject so singular1 and so edifying1 it is not easy to fail of gaining useful practical instruction4 ,particularly1 the inestimable benefits which we have derived from the efforts of this great man1 cannot but prompt every ingenuous mind to remember1 with unceasing gratitude1 the goodness of ,god1 in bestowing upon us such a blessing2 ,god1 who formed and furnished him for labors so useful1 and for a life so glorious4 #e4 ,by him are our rulers1 at the present and at every future period1 taught how to rule4 ,the same conduct will ever produce substantially the same effects1 the same public well-being1 the same glory1 the same veneration4 ,to be wise and good2 to forget or restrain the dictates of passion1 and obey those of duty2 to seek singly the public welfare1 and lose in it personal gratification2 to resist calmly and firmly the passions1 and pursue only the interests1 of a nation1 is the greatest secret of ruling well4 #f4 ,when these things are exhibited in the strong light of example1 and crowned with success and honor1 they are taught in a manner beyond measure more impressive than can be found in rules and arguments4 ,here they are already tried1 and proved4 ,here they are seen surrounded by all their delightful attendants1 and followed by all their happy consequences4 ,the conviction produced is complete1 the impression supreme4 ,from this great example all rulers may learn wisdom1 and our rulers more than others4 #g4 ,the youths1 also1 of our country1 who wish to become great1 useful and honorable1 will here find the best directions1 and the most powerful incitements4 ,to be great1 useful1 and honorable1 they must resemble him4 ,the very actions which he performed1 they may indeed not be called to perform2 the sufferings which he underwent1 they may not be obliged to undergo2 but the attributes which he possessed and displayed1 must1 in a good degree1 be possessed and displayed by them also4 #h4 ,let them particularly remember1 that greatness is not the result of mere chance or genius2 that it is not the fact of brilliancy1 nor the desperate sally of ambition2 that it is1 on the contrary1 the combined result of strong mental endowments1 vigorous cultivation1 honorable design1 and wise direction4 ,it is not the glare of the meteor2 glittering1 dazzling1 consuming1 and vanishing2 but the steady and exalted splendor of the sun2 a splendor which1 while it shines with preminent brightness1 warms also1 enlivens1 adorns1 improves1 and perfects the objects on which it shines3 glorious indeed by its lustre1 but still more glorious in the useful effects produced by its power4 #i4 ,of this great truth the transcendent example before us is a most dignified exhibition4 ,let them imitate1 therefore1 the incessant attention1 the exact observation1 the unwearied industry1 the scrupulous regard to advice1 the slowness of decision1 the cautious prudence1 the nice punctuality1 the strict propriety1 the independence of thought and feeling1 the unwavering firmness1 the unbiassed impartiality1 the steady moderation1 the exact justice1 the unveering#fah truth1 the universal humanity1 and the high veneration for religion and for ,god1 always manifested by this great man4 ,thus will future ,washingtons arise to bless our happy country4 #fah ,,un-,,veer-,,ing1 unchanging1 fixed4 ,,xcvii4--,,conduct ,,of ,,la ,,fayette ,,in ,,the ,,american ,,revolution4 ,j4 ,q4 ,,adams4 #a4 ,the war of ,american ,independence is closed4 ,the people of the ,north ,american confederation are in union1 sovereign and independent4 ,la ,fayette1 at twenty-five years of age1 had lived the life of a patriarch1 and illustrated the career of a hero4 ,had his days upon earth been then numbered1 and had he then slept with his fathers1 illustrious as for centuries their names had been1 his name1 to the end of time1 would have transcended them all4 #b4 ,fortunate youth6 fortunate beyond even the measure of his companions in arms with whom he had achieved the glorious consummation of ,american ,independence4 ,his fame was all his own2 not cheaply earned2 not ignobly won4 ,his fellow-soldiers had been the champions and defenders of their country4 ,they reaped for themselves1 for their wives1 their children1 their posterity to the latest time1 the rewards of their dangers and their toils4 ,la ,fayette had watched1 and labored1 and fought1 and bled1 not for himself1 not for his family1 not1 in the first instance1 even for his country4 #c4 ,in the legendary tales of chivalry we read of tournaments at which a foreign and unknown knight suddenly presents himself1 armed in complete steel1 and1 with the visor down1 enters the ring to contend with the assembled flowers of knighthood for the prize of honor1 to be awarded by the hand of beauty2 bears it in triumph away1 and disappears from the astonished multitude of competitors and spectators of the feats of arms4 #d4 ,but where in the rolls of history1 where in the fictions of romance1 where1 but in the life of ,la ,fayette1 has been seen the noble stranger1 flying1 with the tribute of his name1 his rank1 his affluence1 his ease1 his domestic bliss1 his treasure1 his blood1 to the relief of a suffering and distant land1 in the hour of her deepest calamity--baring his bosom to her foes2 and not at the transient#fai pageantry#fbj of a tournament1#fba but for a succession of five years sharing all the vicissitudes#fbb of her fortunes2 always eager to appear at the post of danger--tempering the glow of youthful ardor with the cold caution of a veteran commander2 bold and daring in action2 prompt in execution2 rapid in pursuit2 fertile in expedients2 unattainable in retreat2 often exposed1 but never surprised1 never disconcerted2 eluding his enemy1 when within his fancied grasp2 bearing upon him with irresistible sway when of force to cope with him in the conflict of arms8 ,and what is this but the diary of ,la ,fayette1 from the day of his rallying the scattered fugitives of the ,brandywine1 insensible of the blood flowing from his wound1 to the storming of the redoubt#fbc at ,yorktown4 #fai ,,tran-,,sient1 passing1 not permanent4 #fbj ,,pag-,,eant-,,ry1 pomp1 show4 #fba ,,tour-,,na-,,ment1 a mock fight4 #fbb ,,vi-,,cis-,,si-,,tude1 alteration1 change4 #fbc ,,re-,,doubt1 an outwork within another outwork in a fortified place4 ,,xcviii4--,,paul ,,revere',s ,,ride4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,longfellow4 #a4 ,listen1 my children1 and you shall hear ,of the midnight ride of ,paul ,revere1 ,on the eighteenth of ,april1 in ,seventy-five3 ,hardly a man is now alive ,who remembers that famous day and year4 #b4 ,he said to his friend3 8,if the ,british march ,by land or sea from the town to-night1 ,hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch ,of the ,north-,church tower1 as a signal-light1-- ,one1 if by land1 and two1 if by sea2 ,and ,i on the opposite shore will be1 ,ready to ride and spread the alarm ,through every ,middlesex village and farm1 ,for the country-folk to be up and to arm80 #c4 ,then he said good-night1 and with muffled oar ,silently rowed to the ,charlestown shore1 ,just as the moon rose over the bay1 ,where1 swinging wide at her moorings1 lay ,the ,somerset1 ,british man-of-war3 ,a phantom ship1 with each mast and spar ,across the moon like a prison bar1 ,and a huge1 black hulk1 that was magnified ,by its own reflection in the tide4 #d4 ,meanwhile1 his friend1 through alley and street1 ,wanders and watches with eager ears1 ,till1 in the silence around him1 he hears ,the muster of men at the barrack door1 ,the sound of arms1 and the tramp of feet1 ,and the measured tread of the grenadiers ,marching down to their boats on the shore4 #e4 ,then he climbed to the tower of the church1 ,up the wooden stairs1 with stealthy tread1 ,to the belfry chamber overhead1 ,and startled the pigeons from their perch ,on the somber rafters1 that round him made ,masses and moving shapes of shade1-- ,up the trembling ladder1 steep and tall1 ,to the highest window in the wall1 ,where he paused to listen1 and look down ,a moment on the roofs of the town1 ,and the moonlight flowing over all4 #f4 ,beneath1 in the churchyard1 lay the dead ,in their night encampment on the hill1 ,wrapped in silence so deep and still ,that he could hear1 like a sentinel's tread1 ,the watchful night-wind1 as it went ,creeping along from tent to tent1 ,and seeming to whisper1 8,all is well60 ,a moment only he feels the spell ,of the place and the hour1 the secret dread ,of the lonely belfry and the dead2 ,for suddenly all his thoughts are bent ,on a shadowy substance far away1 ,where the river widens to meet the bay1-- ,a line of black1 that bends and floats ,on the rising tide1 like a bridge of boats4 #g4 ,meanwhile1 impatient to mount and ride1 ,booted and spurred1 with a heavy stride ,on the opposite shore walked ,paul ,revere4 ,now he patted his horse's side1 ,now gazed on the landscape far and near1 ,then impetuous stamped the earth1 ,and turned and tightened the saddle-girth2 ,but mostly he watched with eager search ,the belfry tower of the old ,north ,church1 ,as it rose above the graves on the hill1 ,lonely and spectral and somber and still4 #h4 ,and lo6 as he looks on the belfry's height1 ,a glimmer1 and then a gleam1 of light6 ,he springs to the saddle1 the bridle he turns1 ,but lingers and gazes1 till full on his sight ,a second lamp in the belfry burns6 #i4 ,a hurry of hoofs in a village street1 ,a shape in the moonlight1 a bulk in the dark1 ,and beneath from the pebbles1 in passing1 a spark ,struck out by a steed flying fearless and fleet3 ,that was all6 ,and yet1 through the gloom and the light1 ,the fate of a nation was riding that night2 ,and the spark struck out by that steed1 in his flight1 ,kindled the land into flame with its heat4 #aj4 ,it was twelve by the village clock1 ,when he crossed the bridge into ,medford town4 ,he heard the crowing of the cock1 ,and the barking of the farmers dog1 ,and felt the damp of the river fog1 ,that rises after the sun goes down4 #aa4 ,it was one by the village clock1 ,when he galloped into ,lexington4 ,he saw the gilded weathercock ,swim in the moonlight as he passed1 ,and the meeting-house windows1 blank and bare1 ,gaze at him with a spectral glare1 ,as if they already stood aghast ,at the bloody work they would look upon4 #ab4 ,it was two by the village clock1 ,when he came to the bridge in ,concord town4 ,he heard the bleating of the flock1 ,and the twitter of birds among the trees1 ,and felt the breath of the morning breeze ,blowing over the meadows brown4 ,and one was safe and asleep in his bed ,who at the bridge would be first to fall1 ,who that day would be lying dead1 ,pierced by a ,british musket-ball4 #ac4 ,you know the rest4 ,in the books you have read ,how the ,british regulars fired and fled1-- ,how the farmers gave them ball for ball1 ,from behind each fence and farm-yard wall1 ,chasing the red-coats down the lane1 ,then crossing the fields to emerge again ,under the trees at the turn of the road1 ,and only pausing to fire and load4 ,,xcix4--,,sir ,,thomas ,,moore4 ,,henry ,,giles4 ,henry ,giles1 a distinguished author and lecturer1 was born in ,ireland4 #a4 ,a just man is always simple4 ,he is a man of direct aims and purposes2 there is no complexity in his motives1 and1 thence1 there is no jarring or discordancy in his character4 ,he wishes to do right1 and in most cases he does it2 he may err1 but in most cases it is by mistake of judgment1 and not by perversity of intention4 ,the moment his judgment is enlighted1 his action is corrected4 ,setting before himself always a clear and worthy end1 he will never pursue it by any concealed or unworthy means4 #b4 ,we may carry our remarks1 for illustration1 both into private and into public life4 ,observe such a man in his home1 there is a charm about him1 which no artificial grace has ever had the power to bestow2 there is a sweetness1 ,i had almost said1 a music1 in his manners1 which no sentimental refinement has ever given4 ,his speech1 ever fresh from purity and rectitude of thought1 controls all that are within its hearing1 with an unfelt1 yet a resistless sway4 ,faithful to every domestic trust1 as to his religion and his ,god1 he would no more prove recreant to any loyalty of home1 than he would blaspheme the ,maker in whom he believes1 or than he would forswear the heaven in which he hopes4 #c4 ,fidelity and truth to those bound by love and nature to his heart1 are to him most sacred principles2 they throb in the last recesses of his moral being1 they are embedded in the life of his life2 and to violate them1 or even think of violating them1 would seem to him as a spiritual extermination1 the suicide of his soul4 ,nor is such a man unrewarded1 for the goodness he so largely gives is largely paid back to him again2 and though the current of his life is transparent1 it is not shallow2 on the contrary1 it is deep and strong4 ,the river that fills its channel glides smoothly along in the power of its course2 it is the stream which scarcely covers the ruggedness of its bed1 that is turbulent and noisy4 #d4 ,with all this gentleness1 there is exceeding force2 with all this meekness1 there is imperative command2 but the force is the force of wisdom1 and the command is the command of love4 ,and1 yet1 the authority which rules so effectually1 never gathers an angry or an irritable cloud over the brow of the ruler2 and this sway1 which admits of no resistance1 does not oppress one honest impulse of nature1 one movement of the soul's high freedom1 one bound of joy from the heart's unbidden gladness1 in the spirit of the governed4 #e4 ,take this character into public life4 ,place him before the people as the candidate for their legislative suffrages2 he is there for no selfish ambition1 and1 willing to be most loyal to his country1 he will be no traitor to his conscience4 ,place him in the legislative assembly to which these willing suffrages send him1 he maintains inviolate the trust given to him2 with a brave eloquence he maintains the rights of the citizens3 with a grave dignity he maintains the privileges of the senator4 ,place him in the council of the executive magistrate1 and no favor can win him1 and no danger appall2 indifferent to office and fearless of power1 he will assert the highest right1 and he will stand by it1 whatever be the cost4 #f4 ,place him on the bench of justice1 no prejudice can approach him1 no passion can move him4 ,nothing can ruffle the august placidity of his soul1 except it be the stirrings of a gracious pity4 ,unmoved he sits1 while all around him heaves2 he listens not to popular clamor1 he cares not for the scowl of power2 and1 while he is guardian1 no corruption shall sully the fountain of justice1 and no obstruction shall impede its stream4 ,place him in the presence of a tyrant2 call upon him for his opinion1 let life or death hang on the result1 he will not speak rashly1 but he will not speak falsely4 #g4 ,let the tyrant cajole and fondle1 it avails not2 let the tyrant rail and threaten1 it is still as vain2 let wife entreat1 let children hang upon his neck1 let friends beseech1 let multitudes implore1 he meets affection with affection2 he weeps while others weep2 but1 fixed as the rock in the ocean1 the tempest may crash about his head1 and the waves strike against his breast1 his foundation based unchangeably on the centre of eternal right1 his head majestically erect1 gloriously lifted up to heaven1 bends not before the shock1 and his breast receives the tempest only to shiver it4 #h4 ,place him in the dungeon3 shut him in from the fair earth and the open sky2 wrench him from the delights of home2 let him be loaded with years2 let him be enfeebled by sickness2 let him be wearied with confinement2 let life hang by the finest thread that ever held a spirit from its ,god1--the unwavering faith of a true man upholds him1 and his hope remains undimmed1 and his peace remains unbroken4 #i4 ,call him from the dungeon to his doom1 he goes rejoicing to the scaffold2 he looks cheerfully on the ax2 he faces death almost with gayety2 he forgives his enemies2 he pities his destroyers2 he wishes good to all men2 he gives a moment to silent prayer2 he meekly lays his head upon the block2--then1 there is the echo of a blow that sends a soul to heaven4 ,this character is not imaginary2 it is real1 it is practicable4 ,the original is ,sir ,thomas ,moore1 of ,england4 ,c4--,,the ,,battle ,,field4 ,,bryant4 #a4 ,once this soft turf1 this rivulet's sands1 ,were trampled by a hurrying crowd1 ,and fiery hearts and armd hands ,encountered in the battle-cloud4 #b4 ,ah1 never shall the land forget ,how gushed the life-blood of her brave1-- ,gushed1 warm with hope and valor yet1 ,upon the soil they fought to save4 #c4 ,now all is calm1 and fresh1 and still2 ,alone the chirp of flitting bird1 ,and talk of children on the hill1 ,and bell of wandering kine1#fbd are heard4 #d4 ,no solemn host goes trailing by ,the black-mouthed gun and staggering wain2#fbe ,men start not at the battle-cry2-- ,o1 be it never heard again6 #e4 ,soon rested those who fought2 but thou1 ,who minglest in the harder strife ,for truths which men receive not now1-- ,thy warfare only ends with life4 #f4 ,a friendless warfare6 lingering long ,through weary day and weary year2 ,a wild and many-weaponed throng ,hang on thy front1 and flank1 and rear4 #g4 ,yet nerve thy spirit to the proof1 ,and blench not at thy chosen lot6 ,the timid good may stand aloof1 ,the sage may frown--yet faint thou not6 #h4 ,nor heed the shaft too surely cast1 ,the hissing1 stinging bolt of scorn1 ,for with thy side shall dwell at last ,the victory of endurance born4 #i4 ,truth1 crushed to earth1 shall rise again2 ,the eternal years of ,god are hers2 ,but ,error1 wounded1 writhes with pain1 ,and dies among his worshipers4 #aj4 ,yea1 though thou lie upon the dust1 ,when those who helped thee flee in fear1-- ,die full of hope and manly trust1 ,like those who fell in battle here4 #aa4 ,another hand thy sword shall wield1#fbf ,another hand the standard wave1 ,till from the trumpet's mouth is pealed#fbg ,the blast of triumph o'er thy grave6 #fbd ,,kine1 cows4 #fbe ,,wain1 a wagon4 #fbf ,,wield1 use with the hand2 handle4 #fbg ,,peal-,,ed1 rung2 resounded2 sounded loudly4 ,,ci4--,,the ,,religion ,,of ,,catholics4 ,,dr4 ,,doyle4 ,right ,reverend ,james ,doyle was born at ,new ,ross1 ,county ,wexford1 ,ireland1 in #aghf2 died in #ahcd4 ,his letters written over the signature of ,j4 ,k4 on all the great topics of the day in ,ireland1 are classed among the ablest documents of the kind ever written4 #a4 ,it was the creed1 my lord1 of a ,charlemagne and of a ,st4 ,louis1 of an ,alfred and an ,edward1 of the monarchs of the feudal times1 as well as of the ,emperors of ,greece and ,rome2 it was believed at ,venice and at ,genoa1 in ,lucca and the ,helvetic nations in the days of their freedom and greatness2 all the barons of the middle ages1 all the free cities of later times1 professed the religion we now profess4 ,you know well my lord1 that the charter of ,british freedom1 and the common law of ,england1 have their origin and source in ,catholic times4 #b4 ,who framed the free constitutions of the ,spanish ,goths8 ,who preserved science and literature1 during the long night of the middle ages8 ,who imported literature from ,constantinople1 and opened for her an asylum at ,rome1 ,florence1 ,padua1 ,paris and ,oxford8 ,who polished ,europe by art1 and refined her by legislation8 ,who discovered the ,new ,world and opened a passage to another8 ,who were the masters of architecture1 of painting1 and of music8 ,who invented the compass1 and the art of printing8 ,who were the poets1 the historians1 the jurists1 the men of deep research1 and profound literature8 #c4 ,who have exalted human nature1 and made man appear again little less than the angels8 ,were they not almost exclusively the professors of our creed8 ,were they who created and possessed freedom under every shape and form1 unfit for her enjoyment8 ,were men1 deemed even now the lights of the world and the benefactors of the human race1 the deluded victims of a slavish superstition8 ,but what is there in our creed which renders us unfit for freedom8 #d4 ,is it the doctrine of passive obedience8 ,no1 for the obedience we yield to authority1 is not blind1 but reasonable8 our religion does not create despotism2 it supports every established constitution which is not opposed to the laws of nature1 unless it be altered by those who are entitled to change it4 ,in ,poland it supported an elective monarch2 in ,france an hereditary sovereign2 in ,spain1 an absolute or constitutional king indifferently2 in ,england when the houses of ,york and ,lancaster contended1 it declared that he who was king de facto was entitled to the obedience of the people4 #e4 ,during the reign of the ,tudors1 there was a faithful adherence of the ,catholics to their prince1 under trials the most severe and galling1 because the constitution required it2 the same was exhibited by them to the ungrateful race of ,stuart2 but since the expulsion of ,james 7foolishly called an abdication71 have they not adopted with the nation at large1 the doctrine of the ,revolution3 8that the crown is held in trust for the benefit of the people2 and that should the monarch violate his compact1 the subject is freed from the bond of his allegiance80 ,has there been any form of government ever devised by man to which the religion of ,catholics has not been accommodated8 #f4 ,is there any obligation1 either to a prince1 or to a constitution1 which it does not enforce8 ,what1 my lord1 is the allegiance of man divided who gives to ,csar what belongs to ,csar1 and to ,god what belongs to ,god8 ,is the allegiance of the priest divided who yields submission to his bishop and his king8--of the son who obeys his parent and his prince8 ,and yet these duties are more distinct than those which we owe our sovereign and spiritual head4 ,is there any man in society who has not distinct duties to discharge8 #g4 ,may not the same person be the head of a corporation1 and an officer of the king8 a justice of the peace1 perhaps1 and a bankrupt surgeon1 with half his pay8 ,and are the duties thus imposed upon him1 incompatible one with another8 ,if the ,pope can define that the ,jewish sabbath is dissolved1 and that the ,lord's day is to be sanctified1 may not this be believed without prejudice to the act of settlement1 or that for the limitation of the crown8 ,if the ,church decree that on ,fridays her children should abstain from flesh-meat1 are they thereby controlled from obeying the king when he summons them to war8 ,,cii4--,a ,,birth-,,day ,,offering4 ,,dr4 ,,newman4 ,dr4 ,john ,henry ,newman1 a distinguished ,catholic ,ecclesiastic1 was formerly a minister of the ,established ,church in ,england1 and leader of what has been called the ,puseyite movement4 ,he is a man of very remarkable ability4 #a4 ,dear ,frank1 this morn has ushered in ,the manhood of thy days2 ,a boy no more1 thou must begin ,to choose thy future ways2 ,to brace thy arm1 and nerve thy heart1 ,for maintenance of a noble part4 #b4 ,and thou a voucher#fbh fair hast given1 ,of what thou wilt achieve1 ,ere age has dimmed thy sunlit heaven ,in weary life's chill eve2 ,should ,sovereign ,wisdom in its grace ,vouchsafe to thee so long a race4 #c4 ,my brother1 we are linked with chain ,that time shall ne'er destroy2 ,together we have been in pain1 ,together now in joy2 ,for duly ,i to share may claim ,the present brightness of thy name4 #d4 ,my brother1 'tis no recent tie ,which binds our fates in one1 ,e'en from our tender infancy ,the twisted thread was spun2-- ,her deed1 who stored in her fond mind ,our forms1 by sacred love enshrined4#fbi #e4 ,in her affection all had share1 ,all six1 she loved them all2 ,yet on her early-chosen ,pair ,did her full favor fall2 ,and we became her dearest theme1 ,her waking thought1 her nightly dream4 #f4 ,ah6 brother1 shall we e'er forget ,her love1 her care1 her zeal8 ,we cannot pay the countless debt1 ,but we must ever feel2 ,for through her earnestness were shed ,prayer-purchased blessings on our head4 #g4 ,though in the end of days she stood1 ,and pain and weakness came1 ,her force of thought was unsubdued1 ,her fire of love the same2 ,and e'en when memory failed its part1 ,we still kept lodgment in her heart4 #h4 ,and when her ,maker from the thrall#fcj ,of flesh her spirit freed1 ,no suffering 'companied the call1 --,in mercy 'twas decreed1-- ,one moment here1 the next she trod ,the viewless mansion of her ,god4 #i4 ,now then at length she is at rest1 ,and1 after many a woe1 ,rejoices in that ,saviour blest1 ,who was her hope below2 ,kept till the day when he shall own ,his saints before ,his ,father's throne4 #aj4 ,so it is left for us to prove ,her prayers were not in vain2 ,and that ,god's grace-according love ,has fallen as gentle rain1 ,which1 sent in the due vernal#fca hour1 ,tints the young leaf1 perfumes the flower4 #aa4 ,dear ,frank1 we both are summoned now ,as champions of the ,lord2-- ,enrolled am ,i1 and shortly thou ,must buckle on thy sword2 ,a high employ1 nor lightly given1 ,to serve as messengers of heaven6 #ab4 ,deep in my heart that gift ,i hide2 ,i change it not away1 ,for patriot-warrior's hour of pride1 ,or statesman's tranquil#fcb sway2 ,for poet's fire1 or pleader's skill ,to pierce the soul and tame the will4 #ac4 ,o6 may we follow undismayed#fcc ,where'er our ,god shall call6 ,and may ,his ,spirit's present aid ,uphold us lest we fall6 ,till in the end of days we stand1 ,as victors in a deathless land4 #fbh ,,vouch-,,er1 a warrant2 a testimony4 #fbi ,,en-,,shrin-,,ed1 enclosed4 #fcj ,,thrall1 bondage4 #fca ,,ver-,,nal1 belonging to ,spring4 #fcb ,,tran-,,quil1 peaceful2 undisturbed4 #fcc ,,un-,,dis-,,mayed1 with courage4 ,,ciii4--,,speech ,,of ,,logan1 ,,chief ,,of ,,the ,,mingoes4 ,,jefferson4 #a4 ,i may challenge the whole of the orations of ,demosthenes and ,cicero1 and1 indeed1 of any more eminent orators1 if ,europe1 or the world1 has furnished more eminent1 to produce a single passage superior to the speech of ,logan1 a ,mingo chief1 delivered to ,lord ,dunmore1 when governor of ,virginia4 ,as a testimony of ,indian talents in this line1 ,i beg leave to introduce it1 by first stating the incidents necessary for understanding it4 #b4 ,in the spring of the year #aggd1 a robbery was committed1 by some ,indians1 upon certain land adventurers#fcd on the ,ohio river4 ,the whites in that quarter1 according to their custom1 undertook to punish this outrage in a summary#fce way4 ,captain ,michael ,cresap1 and one ,daniel ,greathouse1 leading on these parties1 surprised1 at different times1 traveling and hunting parties of the ,indians1 who had their women and children with them1 and murdered many4 ,among these1 were unfortunately the family of ,logan1 a chief celebrated in peace and war1 and long distinguished as the friend of the whites4 #c4 ,this unworthy return provoked his vengeance4 ,he accordingly signalized#fcf himself in the war which ensued4 ,in the autumn of the same year a decisive battle was fought at the mouth of the ,great ,kanhawa1 between the collected forces of the ,shawnees1 the ,mingoes1 and the ,delawares1 and a detachment#fcg of the ,virginia militia4 ,the ,indians were defeated1 and sued for peace4 ,logan1 however1 disdained to be seen among the suppliants3 but1 lest the sincerity of a treaty from which so distinguished a chief absented himself1 should be distrusted1 he sent by a messenger1 the following speech to be delivered to ,lord ,dunmore4 #d4 8,i appeal to any white man to say1 if ever he entered ,logan's cabin hungry1 and he gave him not meat2 if ever he came cold and naked1 and he clothed him not4 ,during the course of the last long and bloody war1 ,logan remained idle in his cabin1 an advocate for peace4 ,such was my love for the whites1 that my countrymen pointed as they passed1 and said #8,logan is the friend of the white men4' ,i had even thought to live with you1 but for the injuries of one man4 ,colonel ,cresap1 last spring in cold blood1 and unprovoked1 murdered all the relatives of ,logan1 not sparing even my women and children4 ,there runs not a drop of my blood in the veins of any living creature4 ,this called on me for revenge4 ,i have sought it4 ,i have killed many4 ,i have fully glutted my vengeance4 ,for my country1 ,i rejoice at the beams of peace3 but do not harbor a thought that mine is the joy of fear4 ,logan never felt fear4 ,he will not turn on his heel to save his life4 ,who is there to mourn for ,logan8 ,not one40 #fcd ,,ad-,,vent-,,ur-,,ers1 those who attempt difficult enterprises4 #fce ,,sum-,,ma-,,ry1 short2 brief4 #fcf ,,sig-,,nal-,i-,,zed1 made remarkable4 #fcg ,,de-,,tach-,,ment1 a party sent off from the main body4 ,,civ4--,,god ,,is ,,every ,,where4 #a4 ,oh6 show me where is ,he1 ,the high and holy ,one1 ,to whom thou bend'st the knee1 ,and pray'st1 8,thy will be done60 ,i hear thy song of praise1 ,and lo6 no form is near3 ,thine eyes ,i see thee raise1 ,but where doth ,god appear8 ,oh6 teach me who is ,god1 and where his glories shine1 ,that ,i may kneel and pray1 and call thy ,father mine4 #b4 8,gaze on that arch above3 ,the glittering vault admire4 ,who taught these orbs to move8 ,who lit their ceaseless fire8 ,who guides the moon to run ,in silence through the skies8 ,who bids that dawning sun ,in strength and beauty rise8 ,there view immensity6 behold6 my ,god is there3 ,the sun1 the moon1 the stars1 his majesty declare4 #c4 8,see where the mountains rise2 ,where thundering torrents foam2 ,where1 vailed in towering skies1 ,the eagle makes his home3 ,where savage nature dwells1 ,my ,god is present too2 ,through all her wildest dells ,his footsteps ,i pursue3 ,he reared those giant cliffs1 supplies that dashing stream1 ,provides the daily food which stills the wild bird's scream4 #d4 8,look on that world of waves1 ,where finny nations glide2 ,within whose deep1 dark caves ,the ocean-monsters hide3 ,his power is sovereign there1 ,to raise1 to quell the storm2 ,the depths ,his bounty share1 ,where sport the scaly swarm2 ,tempests and calms obey the same almighty voice1 ,which rules the earth and skies1 and bids far worlds rejoice4 #e4 8,no human thoughts can soar ,beyond ,his boundless might2 ,he swells the thunder's roar1 ,he spreads the wings of night4 ,oh6 praise ,his works divine6 ,bow down thy soul in prayer2 ,nor ask for other sign1 ,that ,god is everywhere3 ,the viewless spirit1 ,he--immortal1 holy1 blest-- ,oh6 worship ,him in faith1 and find eternal rest60 ,,cv4--,,character ,,of ,,the ,,irish ,,peasantry4 ,,barrington4 ,sir ,jonah ,barrington was born in ,ireland in #agfg1 and died in #ahcd4 ,he was a member of the ,irish ,parliament which met in ,dublin before the act of ,union in #ahjj1 and which numbered among its members a great many men of distinguished character and brilliant talents1 such as ,grattan1 ,curran1 ,plunkett1 ,flood1 and others4 ,his 8,personal ,sketches0 are racy1 humorous1 and full of interesting anecdotes4 #a4 ,the ,irish people have been as little known1 as they have been grossly defamed1 to the rest of ,europe4 ,the lengths to which ,english writers have proceeded in pursuit of this object would surpass all belief1 were not the facts proved by histories written under the immediate eye and sanction of ,irish governments2 histories replete with falsehood1 which1 combined with the still more mischievous misrepresentations of modern writers1 form altogether a mass of the most cruel calumnies that ever weighed down the character of a meritorious#fch people4 #b4 ,this system1 however1 was not without its meaning4 ,from the reign of ,elizabeth1 the policy of ,england has been to keep ,ireland in a state of internal division2 perfect unanimity among her inhabitants has been considered as likely to give her a population and a power incompatible#fci with subjection1#fdj and there are not wanting natives of ,ireland1 who1 impressed with that erroneous idea1 zealously plunge into the same doctrine1 as if they would best prove their loyalty to the king by vilifying their country4 #c4 ,the ,irish peasantry1 who necessarily compose the great body of the population1 combine in their character many of those singular and repugnant#fda qualities which peculiarly designate the people of different nations2 and this remarkable contrariety of characteristic traits pervades almost the whole current of their natural dispositions4 ,laborious1 domestic1 accustomed to want in the midst of plenty1 they submit to hardships without repining1 and bear the severest privations with stoic fortitude4 ,the sharpest wit1 and the shrewdest subtilty1 which abound in the character of the ,irish peasant1 generally lie concealed under the semblance of dullness1 or the appearance of simplicity2 and his language1 replete with the keenest humor1 possesses an idiom of equivocation1#fdb which never fails successfully to evade a direct answer to an unwelcome question4 #d4 ,inquisitive1 artful1 and penetrating1 the ,irish peasant learns mankind without extensive intercourse1 and has an instinctive knowledge of the world1 without mingling in its societies2 and never1 in any other instance1 did there exist a people who could display so much address and so much talent in the ordinary transactions of life as the ,irish peasantry4 #e4 ,the ,irish peasant has1 at all periods1 been peculiarly distinguished for unbounded but indiscriminate#fdc hospitality1 which1 though naturally devoted to the necessities of a friend1 is never denied by him even to the distresses of an enemy4#fdd ,to be in want or misery1 is the best recommendation to his disinterested protection2 his food1 his bed1 his raiment1 are equally the stranger's and his own2 and the deeper the distress the more welcome is the sufferer to the peasant's cottage4 #f4 ,his attachments to his kindred are of the strongest nature4 ,the social duties are intimately blended with the natural disposition of an ,irish peasant2 though covered with rags1 oppressed with poverty1 and perhaps with hunger1 the finest specimens of generosity and heroism are to be found in his unequaled character4 #g4 ,an enthusiastic attachment to the place of their nativity is another striking trait of the ,irish character1 which neither time nor absence1 prosperity nor adversity1 can obliterate or diminish4 ,wherever an ,irish peasant was born1 there he wishes to die2 and1 however successful in acquiring wealth or rank in distant places1 he returns with fond affections to renew his intercourse with the friends and companions of his youth and his obscurity4 #h4 ,an innate spirit of insubordination to the laws has been strongly charged upon the ,irish peasantry2 but a people to whom the punishment of crimes appears rather as a sacrifice to revenge than a measure of prevention1 can never have the same deference to the law as those who are instructed in the principles of justice and taught to recognize its equality4 ,it has1 however1 been uniformly admitted by every impartial writer on the affairs of ,ireland1 that a spirit of strict justice has ever characterized the ,irish peasant4#fde #i4 ,convince him by plain and impartial reasoning1 that he is wrong2 and he withdraws from the judgment-seat1 if not with cheerfulness1 at least with submission3 but1 to make him respect the laws1 he must be satisfied that they are impartial2 and1 with that conviction on his mind1 the ,irish peasant is as perfectly tractable as the native of any other country in the world4 #aj4 ,an attachment to1 and a respect for females1 is another characteristic of the ,irish peasant4 ,the wife partakes of all her husband's vicissitudes2 she shares his labor and his miseries1 with constancy and with affection4 ,at all the sports and meetings of the ,irish peasantry1 the women are always of the company2 they have a great influence2 and1 in his smoky cottage1 the ,irish peasant1 surrounded by his family1 seems to forget all his privations4 ,the natural cheerfulness of his disposition banishes reflection2 and he experiences a simple happiness1 which even the highest ranks of society might justly envy4 #fch ,,mer-,i-,,to-,,ri-,,ous1 having merit1 deserving well4 #fci ,,in-,,com-,,pat-,i-,,ble1 inconsistent4 #fdj ,,sub-,,jec-,,tion1 under control1 being subject to4 #fda ,,re-,,pug-,,nant1 opposite2 inconsistent4 #fdb ,e-,,quiv-,o-,,ca-,,tion1 ambiguity of speech4 #fdc ,,in-,,dis-,,crim-,,in-,,ate1 not making distinction4 #fdd ,it has been remarked that the ,english and ,irish people form their judgment of strangers very differently3--an ,englishman suspects a stranger to be a rogue1 till he finds that he is an honest man2 the ,irishman conceives every person to be an honest man till he finds him out to be a rogue2 and this accounts for the very striking difference in their conduct and hospitality to strangers4 #fde ,sir ,john ,davis1 attorney-general of ,ireland1 who1 in the reign of ,james the ,first1 was employed by the king to establish the ,english laws throughout ,ireland1 and who made himself perfectly acquainted with the character of the inhabitants1 admits that 8there were no people under heaven1 who loved equal and impartial justice better than the ,irish40 ,,cvi4--,,advice ,,to ,a ,,young ,,critic4 ,,pope4 #a4 ',tis not enough1 taste1 judgment1 learning join2 ,in all you speak1 let truth and candor shine2 ,that not alone what to your sense is due ,all may allow1 but seek your friendship too4 ,be silent always1 when you doubt your sense1 ,and speak1 though sure1 with seeming diffidence4#fdf #b4 ,some positive1 persisting#fdg fops we know1 ,who1 if once wrong1 will needs be always so3 ,but you1 with pleasure1 own your errors past1 ,and make each day a critic on the last4 ',tis not enough your counsel to be true3 ,blunt truths more mischief than slight errors do2 ,men must be taught1 as if you taught them not1 ,and things unknown proposed1 as things forgot4 #c4 ,without good breeding truth is disapproved2 ,that only makes superior sense beloved4 ,be niggard#fdh of advice on no pretense2 ,for the worst avarice is that of sense4 ,with mean complacence#fdi ne'er betray your trust ,nor be so civil as to prove unjust4 ,fear not the anger of the wise to raise2 ,those best can bear reproof1 who merit praise4 #d4 ,but where's the man who counsel can bestow1 ,still pleased to teach1 and yet not proud to know2 ,unbiassed1 or by favor1 or by spite2 ,not dully prepossessed1 nor blindly right2 ,though learned1 well-bred2 and1 though well-bred1 sincere2 ,modestly bold1 and humanly severe2 ,who to a friend his faults can freely show1 ,and gladly praise the merit of a foe8 #e4 ,blest with a taste exact1 yet unconfined2 ,a knowledge both of books and human kind2 ,generous converse1 a soul exempt from pride1 ,and love to praise with reason on his side2 ,careless of censure1 nor too fond of fame2 ,still pleased to praise1 yet not afraid to blame2 ,averse alike to flatter or offend2 ,not free from faults1 nor yet too vain to mend8 #fdf ,,dif-,,fi-,,dence1 want of confidence4 #fdg ,,per-,,sist-,,ing1 persevering steadily4 #fdh ,,nig-,,gard1 meanly2 parsimonious4 #fdi ,,com-,,pla-,,cence1 civility4 ,,cvii4--,,marie ,,antoinette4 ,,burke4 ,edmund ,burke was born in ,ireland in #agbh1 and died in #agig4 ,such was the transcendent ability of ,burke1 that1 at a time when ,england was richest in brilliant orators1 and great statesmen1 he rose from his obscure position1 as a young and unknown ,irishman1 to be the great central figure in the array of great names which shed a lustre over the closing years of the ,eighteenth century4 ,but to his unrivaled merits as an orator and statesman1 can be added the still higher praise of being a man of unblemished honor and probity4 #a4 ,history will record1 that on the morning of the #fth of ,october1 #aghi1 the ,king and ,queen of ,france1 after a day of confusion1 alarm1 dismay1 and slaughter1 lay down1 under the pledged security of public faith1 to indulge nature in a few hours of respite1 and troubled1 melancholy repose4 #b4 ,from this sleep the queen was first startled by the voice of the sentinel at her door1 who cried out to her1 to save herself by flight--that this was the last proof of fidelity he could give--that they were upon him1 and he was dead4 ,instantly he was cut down4 ,a band of cruel ruffians and assassins1 reeking with blood1 rushed into the chamber of the queen1 and pierced with a hundred strokes of bayonets and poniards the bed from whence this persecuted woman had but just time to fly almost naked1 and1 through ways unknown to the murderers1 had escaped to seek refuge at the feet of a king and husband1 not secure of his own life for a moment4 #c4 ,this king1 to say no more of him1 and this queen1 and their infant children 7who once would have been the pride and hope of a great and generous people71 were then forced to abandon the sanctuary of the most splendid palace in the world1 which they left swimming in blood1 polluted by massacre1 and strewed with scattered limbs and mutilated#fej carcasses4 ,thence they were conducted into the capital of their kingdom4 ,two had been selected from the unprovoked1 unresisted1 promiscuous#fea slaughter1 which was made of the gentlemen of birth and family1 who composed the king's body-guard4 ,these two gentlemen1 with all the parade of an execution of justice1 were cruelly and publicly dragged to the block1 and beheaded in the great court of the palace4 #d4 ,their heads were stuck upon spears1 and led the procession2 while the royal captives1 who followed in the train1 were slowly moved along1 amidst the horrid yells1 and thrilling screams1 and frantic dances1 and infamous contumelies1#feb and all the unutterable abominations of the furies of hell1 in the abused shapes of the vilest of women4 ,after they had been made to taste1 drop by drop1 more than the bitterness of death1 in the slow torture of a journey of twelve miles1 protracted#fec to six hours1 they were1 under a guard1 composed of those very soldiers who had thus conducted them through this famous triumph1 lodged in one of the old palaces of ,paris1 now converted into a ,bastile for kings4444 #e4 ,it is now sixteen or seventeen years since ,i saw the ,queen of ,france1 then the ,dauphiness1 at ,versailles2 and surely never lighted on this orb1 which she hardly seemed to touch1 a more delightful vision4 ,i saw her just above the horizon1 decorating and cheering the elevated sphere she just began to move in1--glittering like the morning star1 full of life1 and splendor1 and joy4 ,oh6 what a revolution6 and what a heart ,i must have1 to contemplate without emotion that elevation and that fall6 ,little did ,i dream1 when she added titles of veneration1 to those of enthusiastic1 distant1 respectful love1 that she should ever be obliged to carry the sharp antidote against disgrace1 concealed in that bosom2 little did ,i dream that ,i should have lived to see such disasters fallen upon her in a nation of gallant men1 in a nation of men of honor1 and of cavaliers4 #f4 ,i thought ten thousand swords must have leaped from their scabbards1 to avenge even a look that threatened her with insult4 ,but the age of chivalry is gone4 ,that of sophisters1 economists1 and calculators1 has succeeded3 and the glory of ,europe is extinguished forever4 ,never1 never more shall we behold that generous loyalty to rank and sex1 that proud submission1 that dignified obedience1 that subordination of the heart1 which kept alive1 even in servitude itself1 the spirit of an exalted freedom4 ,the unbought grace of life1 the cheap defense of nations1 the nurse of manly sentiment and heroic enterprise1 is gone6 ,it is gone1 that sensibility of principle1 that chastity of honor1 which felt a stain like a wound1 which inspired courage1 while it mitigated ferocity1 which ennobled whatever it touched1 and under which vice itself lost half its evil1 by losing all its grossness4 #fej ,,mu-,,ti-,,lat-,,ed1 mangled2 maimed4 #fea ,,pro-,,mis-,,cu-,,ous1 indiscriminate2 confused4 #feb ,,con-,,tu-,,me-,,lies1 reproaches2 offensive treatment4 #fec ,,pro-,,tract-,,ed1 lengthened4 ,,cviii4--,,elegy ,,written ,,in ,a ,,country ,,church-,,yard4 ,,gray4 ,thomas ,gray was born in ,london1 ,december #bf1 #agaf1 and died in #agga4 ,the following poem has been always deservedly popular4 ,the manuscript of it was sold in ,london in #ahed for #aca4 #a4 ,the curfew tolls the knell of parting day2 ,the lowing herds wind slowly o'er the lea2 ,the ploughman homeward plods his weary way1 ,and leaves the world to darkness and to me4 #b4 ,now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight1 ,and all the air a solemn stillness holds1 ,save where the beetle wheels his droning flight1 ,and drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds2 #c4 ,save that1 from yonder ivy-mantled tower1 ,the moping owl does to the moon complain ,of such as1 wandering near her secret bower1 ,molest her ancient1 solitary reign4 #d4 ,beneath those rugged elms1 that ewe-tree's shade1 ,where heaves the turf in many a moldering heap1 ,each in his narrow cell for ever laid1 ,the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep4 #e4 ,the breezy call of incense-breathing morn1 ,the swallow1 twittering from the straw-built shed1 ,the cock's shrill clarion1 or the echoing horn1 ,no more shall rouse them from their lowly bed4 #f4 ,for them no more the blazing hearth shall burn1 ,or busy housewife ply her evening care2 ,no children ran to lisp their sire's return1 ,or climb his knees the envied kiss to share4 #g4 ,oft did the harvest to their sickle yield2 ,their furrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke2 ,how jocund#fed did they drive their team afield6 ,how bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke6 #h4 ,let not ,ambition mock their useful toil1 ,their homely joys1 and destiny obscure2 ,nor ,grandeur hear1 with a disdainful smile1 ,the short and simple annals of the poor4 #i4 ,the boast of heraldry1 the pomp of power1 ,and all that beauty1 all that wealth e'er gave1 ,await1 alike1 the inevitable#fee hour2-- ,the paths of glory lead--but to the grave4 #aj4 ,nor you1 ye proud1 impute to these the fault1 ,if memory o'er their tomb no trophies#fef raise1 ,where1 through the long-drawn aisle1 and fretted vault1 ,the pealing anthem swells the note of praise4 #aa4 ,can storied urn1 or animated bust1 ,back to its mansion call the fleeting breath8 ,can ,honor's voice provoke the silent dust1 ,or ,flattery soothe the dull1 cold ear of death8 #ab4 ,perhaps1 in this neglected spot1 is laid ,some heart1 once pregnant#feg with celestial fire2 ,hands1 that the rod of empire might have swayed1 ,or waked to ecstasy#feh the living lyre4#fei #ac4 ,but ,knowledge to their eyes her ample page1 ,rich with the spoils of time1 did ne'er unroll2 ,chill ,penury#ffj repressed their noble rage1 ,and froze the genial current of the soul4 #ad4 ,full many a gem1 of purest ray serene1 ,the dark1 unfathomed caves of ocean bear2 ,full many a flower is born to blush unseen1 ,and waste its sweetness on the desert air4 #ae4 ,some village ,hampden1 that1 with dauntless breast1 ,the little tyrant of his fields withstood2 ,some mute1 inglorious ,milton here may rest2 ,some ,cromwell1 guiltless of his country's blood4 #af4 ,the applause of listening senates to command ,the threats of pain and ruin to despise1 ,to scatter plenty o'er a smiling land1 ,and read their history in a nation's eyes4 #ag4 ,their lot forbade2 nor circumscribed#ffa alone ,their growing virtues1 but their crimes confined2 ,forbade to wade through slaughter to a throne1 ,and shut the gates of mercy on mankind2 #ah4 ,the struggling pangs of conscious ,truth to hide1 ,to quench the blushes of ingenuous ,shame2 ,or heap the shrine of ,luxury and ,pride ,with incense kindled at the muse's flame4 #ai4 ,far from the madding crowds ignoble strife1 ,their sober wishes never learned to stray3 ,along the cool1 sequestered#ffb vale of life1 ,they kept the noiseless tenor of their way4 #bj4 ,yet1 even these bones from insult to protect1 ,some frail memorial1 still erected nigh1 ,with uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture decked1 ,implores the passing tribute of a sigh4 #ba4 ,their name1 their years1 spelled by the unlettered ,muse1 ,the place of fame and elegy supply2 ,and many a holy text around she strews1 ,that teach the rustic moralist to die4 #bb4 ,for who1 to dumb forgetfulness a prey1 ,this pleasing1 anxious being e'er resigned1-- ,left the warm precincts of the cheerful day1-- ,nor cast one longing1 lingering look behind8 #bc4 ,on some fond breast the parting soul relies2 ,some pious drops the closing eye requires3 ,even from the tomb the voice of nature cries1 ,even in our ashes live their wonted fires4 #bd4 ,for thee1 who1 mindful of the unhonored dead1 ,dost in these lines their artless tale relate1 ,if1 chance1 by lonely ,contemplation led1 ,some kindred spirit shall inquire thy fate1 #be4 ,haply1 some hoary-headed swain may say1 8,oft have we seen him1 at the peep of dawn1 ,brushing1 with hasty steps1 the dews away1 ,to meet the sun upon the upland lawn4 #bf4 8,there1 at the foot of yonder nodding beech1 ,that wreathes its old1 fantastic roots so high1 ,his listless length at noontide would he stretch1 ,and pore upon the brook that babbles by4 #bg4 8,hard by yon wood1 now smiling1 as in scorn1 ,muttering his wayward fancies1 he would rove2 ,now drooping1 woful1 wan1 like one forlorn1 ,or crazed with care1 or crossed in hopeless love4 #bh4 8,one morn ,i missed him on the accustomed hill1 ,along the heath1 and near his favorite tree2 ,another came2 nor yet beside the rill1 ,nor up the lawn1 nor at the wood was he #bi4 8,the next1 with dirges due1 in sad array1 ,slow through the churchyard path we saw him borne-- ,approach1 and read 7for thou canst read71 the lay1 ,graved on the stone beneath yon aged thorn40 ,,the ,,epitaph4 #cj4 8,here rests his head upon the lap of earth1 ,a youth to fortune and to fame unknown2 ,fair ,science frown'd not on his humble birth1 ,and melancholy mark'd him for her own4 #ca4 8,large was his bounty1 and his soul sincere1 ,heav'n did a recompense as largely send3 ,he gave to mis'ry all he had--a tear2 ,he gain'd from heaven 7'twas all he wish'd7 a friend4 #cb4 8,no farther seek his merits to disclose1 ,or draw his frailties from their dread abode2 7,there they1 alike1 in trembling hope repose17 ,the bosom of his ,father and his ,god40 #fed ,,joc-,,und1 merry1 gay1 lively4 #fee ,,in-,,ev-,i-,,ta-,,ble1 unavoidable4 #fef ,,tro-,,phies1 memorials of victory4 #feg ,,preg-,,nant1 teeming1 fertile4 #feh ,,ec-,,sta-,,cy1 excessive joy1 rapture4 #fei ,,lyre1 a musical instrument4 #ffj ,,pen-,,ury1 poverty1 indigence4 #ffa ,,cir-,,cum-,,scribed1 inclosed1 limited1 confined4 #ffb ,,se-,,ques-,,tered1 set apart1 seized upon4 ,,cix4--,,the ,,voluntary ,,confession ,,of ,,sin4 ,,lacordaire4 #a4 ,the most important of the divine penalties with which the ,church is armed is confession1 voluntary#ffc confession4 ,and in that penalty there is justice2 for if you have had the courage to commit the fault1 why not do so before the world8 ,if you have not been afraid of doing evil before your own heart1 why not do so before the whole human family8 #b4 ,and yet this justice is merciful2 for it is not to the world1 to a severe and corrupt world1 that you are directed to avow your faults1 but to a single man1 in the most profound secret2 to a man humble and meek1 subject to temptation like his brethren1 but purified by victory2 and that avowal humbles without dishonoring you1 touches rather than strikes you1 reconciles you to yourself and to ,god3 to yourself by the good which you feel living in your heart1 to ,god by the pardon which he grants to you4 #c4 ,when ,protestants abolished#ffd confession1 when they sent men to confess to ,god1 what did they do8 ,they only left the soul alone with sin1 and drove away mercy by the fear of justice4 ,and when1 gentlemen1 by a better instinct1 you occupy yourselves about penitentiary#ffe systems1 are you not upon the traces of ,jesus ,christ and ,his ,church8 ,do you not seek to transform public vengeance into expiation1#fff so that the guilty might leave your hands punished but saved1 wounded by shame and grief but brought back by them to the sense and honor of virtue8 ,it is your object1 and one of your most cherished desires1 one also most worthy of respect2 why1 then1 do you despise the mystery of expiation in the ,church8 ,why do you not perceive that the work accomplished by her is the very one which it is your ambition to realize8 ,for you are as yet only making experiments1 and what experiments they are6 #d4 ,you may build very ingenious prisons1 you may stifle a man well between four walls1 you may impose upon him many privations which you do not consider to be tortures because they do not shed blood2 but1 whatever you may do1 you will always dishonor man1 and you will find the road to his heart only to pour into it more deeply the poison of despair4 ,yes1 penitence is more needed than penalties2 expiation rather than repression2 rehabilitation#ffg rather than death4 ,yes1 but you cannot effect this4 #e4 ,think that this is accomplished2 let men come to the feet of the priest1 and you will do more than with your chains1 your executioners and your dreams4 ,besides1 what crimes do you extinguish with all this penal preparation8 ,murder1 theft1 violence4 ,but there exists an evil which pierces men's hearts1 which gnaws the peace of families1 which corrupts nations1 and delivers them over1 bound hand and foot1 to the first conqueror who comes4 ,does not this evil escape from you8 ,we1 with our voluntary confession1 reach all public as well as secret crimes2 we reach them in the thought that prepares them1 on the throne as well as in the shop of the artizan4 ,see these princes1 who are men like ourselves1 more men than we1 and on that account more to be pitied4 ,they have their vices surrounded with guards and honors2 truth does not reach them even when men are able to insult them1 for insult teaches nothing4 #f4 ,stand by a moment2 behold a poor priest1 a ,capuchin1 whose name is unknown2 he ascends the superb stairs1 he enters1 he penetrates even where confidential friends are not admitted2 he sits1 and the prince1 kneeling1 says to him1 8,confiteor tibi ,pater40 ,and to whom does he say that8 ,it is not to a man1 but to the whole of humanity4 ,it is the whole human kind which seizes and compresses him1 which says to him1 8,sire1 you have sinned1 you are not worthy to draw near to ,god40 #g4 ,if some one had said to ,augustus1 whilst he was walking in his gardens with ,horace or ,mecnas1 8,there is a man below with a staff and wallet1 who says he is sent from ,god to hear the confession of your faults20 would he not have looked upon him as a madman8 ,and yet1 gentlemen1 that folly has prevailed6 ,and observe1 ,i pray you1 that1 on all occasions1 in ,christianity we find nothing but follies2 and we justify these follies before you--you1 the lite of this age--and you listen to them and exclaim1 8,nevertheless it is grand60 #ffc ,,vol-,,un-,,ta-,,ry1 free2 proceeding from choice or free will4 #ffd ,a-,,bol-,,ish-,,ed1 annulled2 abrogated2 put an end to4 #ffe ,,pen-,i-,,ten-,,tia-,,ry1 a house of correction4 #fff ,,ex-,,pi-,a-,,tion1 the act of atoning for a crime or sin2 atonement2 satisfaction4 #ffg ,,re-,,ha-,,bil-,i-,,ta-,,tion1 restoration to former condition or position4