---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,?is v]sion ( ! text _c repres5t c]ta9 typographical effects4 ,italics are delimit$ ) ! #8' "* z italic4 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to foll[ ! p>agraphs 9 :i* !y are ref]5c$4 ,m>g9al sid5otes :i* span multiple pages 7 (t5 repeat$ on ea* page4 ,^! h be5 remov$4 ,m9or errors1 attributable to ! pr9t]1 h be5 correct$4 ,please see ! transcrib]'s note at ! end ( ?is text = details reg>d+ ! h&l+ ( any textual issues enc\nt]$ dur+ its prep>ation4 ,,levia?an1 ,,or ,,! ,,matt]1 ,,=m1 ,,& ,,p[] ,,( ,a ,,commonweal? ,,ecclesia/ical ,,& ,,civil4 ,illu/ration3 ,non e/ pote/as ,sup] ,t]ram qu ,comp>etur ei4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,works ,,( ,,?omas ,,hobbes ,,( ,,malmesbury2 ,,n[ ,,fir/ ,,collect$ ,,& ,,edit$ ,,by ,,sir ,,william ,,moleswor?1 ,,b>t4 --- ,,vol ,,iii4 --- ,,london3 ,,john ,,bohn1 ,,h5rietta ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d54 --- ,,mdcccxxxix4 ,,london3 ,c4 ,,ri*>ds1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,lane4 ,,to ,,my ,,mo/ ,,honor',d ,,fri5d ,,mr4 ,,francis ,,godolph91 ,,( ,,godolph94 ------- ,,honor',d ,,sir1 ,y\r mo/ wor?y bro!r1 ,mr4 ,,sidney ,,godolph91 :5 he liv$1 0 pleas$ to ?9k my /udies some?+1 & o!rwise to oblige me1 z y "k1 ) real te/imonies ( 8 good op9ion1 great 9 !mselves1 & ! great] = ! wor?9ess ( 8 p]son4 ,= !re is n any virtue t dispose? a man1 ei!r to ! s]vice ( ,god1 or to ! s]vice ( 8 c\ntry1 to civil society1 or private fri5d%ip1 t did n manife/ly appe> 9 8 conv]sation1 n z acquir$ by necessity1 or affect$ ^u occasion1 b inh]5t1 & %9+ 9 a g5]\s con/itution ( 8 nature4 ,!re=e1 9 hon\r & gratitude to him1 & ) devotion to y\rself1 ,i humbly d$icate unto y ?is my disc\rse ( ,commonweal?4 ,i "k n h[ ! _w w receive x1 nor h[ x may reflect on ^? t %all seem to fav\r x4 ,= 9 a way beset ) ^? t cont5d1 on "o side = too great lib]ty1 & on ! o!r side = too mu* au?ority1 'tis h>d to pass betwe5 ! po9ts ( bo? unw\nd$4 ,b yet1 me?9ks1 ! endeav\r to advance ! civil p[]1 %\ld n be by ! civil p[] condemn$2 nor private m51 by repreh5d+ x1 decl>e !y ?9k t p[] too great4 ,besides1 ,i speak n ( ! m51 b1 9 ! ab/ract1 ( ! seat ( p[]1 7l to ^? simple & unp>tial creatures 9 ! ,roman ,capitol1 t ) _! noise def5d$ ^? )9 x1 n because !y 7 !y1 b !re71 (f5d+ none1 ,i ?9k1 b ^? )\t1 or su* )91 if !re be any su*1 z fav\r !m4 ,t :i* p]haps may mo/ (f5d1 are c]ta9 texts ( ,holy ,scripture1 alleg$ by me to o!r purpose ?an ord9>ily !y use to be by o!rs4 ,b ,i h done x ) due submission1 & also1 9 ord] to my subject1 necess>ily2 = !y are ! outworks ( ! enemy1 f :5ce !y impugn ! civil p[]4 ,if not)/&+ ?is1 y f9d my lab\r g5]ally decri$1 y may be pleas$ to excuse y\rself1 & say1 ,i am a man t love my own op9ions1 & ?9k all true ,i say1 t ,i hon\r$ y\r bro!r1 & hon\r y1 & h presum$ on t1 to assume ! title1 )\t y\r k1 ( be+1 z ,i am1 ,,sir1 ,y\r mo/ humble1 & mo/ ob$i5t ,s]vant1 ,,?omas ,,hobbes4 ,p>is1 ,april #ae_/be1 #afea4 ,,! ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,*apt]s4 ------- ,,! ,,fir/ ,,"p4--,,( ,,man4 ,,*ap4 ,,page4 ,introduction ix #a4 ,( ,s5se #a #b4 ,( ,imag9ation #c #c4 ,( ! ,consequ5ce or ,tra9 ( ,imag9ations #aa #d4 ,( ,spee* #ah #e4 ,( ,reason & ,sci5ce #bi #f4 ,( ! ,int]ior ,beg9n+s ( ,volunt>y ,motions1 commonly call$ ! ,passions2 & ! ,spee*es by :i* !y are express$ #ch #g4 ,( ! ,ends or ,resolutions ( ,disc\rse #ea #h4 ,( ! ,virtues1 commonly call$ ,intellectual2 & _! contr>y ,defects #ef #i4 ,( ! ,sev]al ,subjects ( ,k #ga #aj4 ,( ,p[]1 ,wor?1 ,dignity1 ,hon\r1 & ,wor?9ess #gd #aa4 ,( ! ,diff]5ce ( ,mann]s #he #ab4 ,( ,religion #id #ac4 ,( ! ,natural ,condition ( ,mank9d z conc]n+ _! ,felicity & ,mis]y #aaj #ad4 ,( ! ,fir/ & ,second ,natural ,laws1 & ( ,contract #aaf #ae4 ,( o!r ,laws ( ,nature #acj #af4 ,( ,p]sons1 ,au?ors1 & ,?+s ,p]sonat$ #adg ,,! ,,second ,,"p4--,,( ,,commonweal?4 #ag4 ,( ! ,causes1 ,g5]ation1 & ,def9ition ( a ,commonweal? #aec #ah4 ,( ! ,rights ( ,sov]eigns by ,in/itution #aei #ai4 ,( ! sev]al k9ds ( ,commonweal? by ,in/itution2 & ( ,succession to ! ,sov]eign ,p[] #aga #bj4 ,( ,dom9ion ,pat]nal1 & ,despotical #ahe #ba4 ,( ! ,lib]ty ( ,subjects #aif #bb4 ,( ,sy/ems ,subject1 ,political1 & ,private #baj #bc4 ,( ! ,public ,m9i/]s ( ,sov]eign ,p[] #bbf #bd4 ,( ! ,nutrition1 & ,procreation ( a ,commonweal? #bcb #be4 ,( ,c\nsel #bdj #bf4 ,( ,civil ,laws #bej #bg4 ,( ,crimes1 ,excuses1 & ,ext5uations #bgg #bh4 ,( ,puni%m5ts1 & ,rew>ds #big #bi4 ,( ^? ?+s t weak51 or t5d to ! ,dissolution ( a ,commonweal? #cjh #cj4 ,( ! ,(fice ( ! ,sov]eign ,repres5tative #cbb #ca4 ,( ! ,k+dom ( ,god by ,nature #cdc ,,! ,,?ird ,,"p4--,,( ,a ,,*ri/ian ,,commonweal?4 #cb4 ,( ! ,pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ian ,politics #cei #cc4 ,( ! ,numb]1 ,antiquity1 ,scope1 ,au?ority1 & ,int]pret]s ( ! ,books ( ,holy ,scripture #cff #cd4 ,( ! ,signification ( ,_s1 ,angel1 & ,inspiration1 9 ! ,books ( ,holy ,scripture #chj #ce4 ,( ! ,signification 9 ,scripture ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 ( ,holy1 ,sacr$1 & ,sacram5t #cif #cf4 ,( ! ,^w ( ,god1 & ( ,prophets #djg #cg4 ,( ,miracles1 & _! ,use #dbg #ch4 ,( ! ,signification 9 ,scripture ( ,et]nal ,life1 ,hell1 ,salvation1 ! ,_w to ,come1 & ,r$emption #dcg #ci4 ,( ! ,signification 9 ,scripture ( ! ^w ,*ur* #deh #dj4 ,( ! ,rights ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 9 ,abraham1 ,moses1 ! ,high-,prie/s1 & ! ,k+s ( ,judah #dfa #da4 ,( ! ,(fice ( ,our ,bless$ ,savi\r #dge #db4 ,( ,p[] ,ecclesia/ical #dhe #dc4 ,( :at is ,necess>y = a ,man's ,reception into ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 #ehd ,,! ,,f\r? ,,"p4--,,( ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,d>kness4 #dd4 ,( ,spiritual ,d>kness1 f ,mis9t]pretation ( ,scripture #fjc #de4 ,( ,demonology1 & o!r ,relics ( ! ,religion ( ! ,g5tiles #fcg #df4 ,( ,d>kness f ,va9 ,philosophy1 & ,fabul\s ,traditions #ffd #dg4 ,( ! ,b5efit proce$+ f su* ,d>kness2 & to :om x accrue? #fhh ,a ,review & ,conclusion #gja ,,! ,,introduction4 ------- ,nature1 ! art :]eby ,god ha? made & gov]ns ! _w1 is by ! art ( man1 z 9 _m o!r ?+s1 s 9 ?is also imitat$1 t x c make an artificial animal4 ,= see+ life is b a motion ( limbs1 ! beg9n+ :]e( is 9 "s pr9cipal "p )92 :y may we n say1 t all automata 7eng9es t move !mselves by spr+s & :eels z do? a wat*7 h an artificial life8 ,= :at is ! he>t1 b a spr+2 & ! n]ves1 b s _m /r+s2 & ! jo9ts1 b s _m :eels1 giv+ motion to ! :ole body1 su* z 0 int5d$ by ! artific]8 ,art goes yet fur!r1 imitat+ t rational & mo/ excell5t "w ( nature1 man4 ,= by art is creat$ t great ,,levia?an call$ a ,,commonweal?1 or ,,/ate1 9 ,lat9 ,,civitas1 :i* is b an artificial man2 ?\gh ( great] /ature & /r5g? ?an ! natural1 = ^: protection & def5ce x 0 int5d$2 & 9 :i* ! sov]eignty is an artificial s\l1 z giv+ life & motion to ! :ole body2 ! magi/rates1 & o!r (fic]s ( judicature & execution1 artificial jo9ts2 rew>d & puni%m5t1 by :i* fa/5$ to ! seat ( ! sov]eignty e jo9t & memb] is mov$ to p]=m 8 duty1 are ! n]ves1 t d ! same 9 ! body natural2 ! weal? & ri*es ( all ! p>ticul> memb]s1 are ! /r5g?2 salus populi1 ! p's safety1 its bus9ess2 c\nsellors1 by :om all ?+s ne$ful = x to "k are sugge/$ unto x1 are ! memory2 equity1 & laws1 an artificial reason & w2 concord1 heal?2 s$ition1 sickness2 & civil w>1 dea?4 ,la/ly1 ! pacts & cov5ants1 by :i* ! p>ts ( ?is body politic 7 at fir/ made1 set toge!r1 & unit$1 resemble t fiat1 or ! let u make man1 pron\nc$ by ,god 9 ! creation4 ,to describe ! nature ( ?is artificial man1 ,i w consid] ,fir/1 ! matt] !re(1 & ! artific]2 bo? :i* is man4 ,secondly1 h[1 & by :at cov5ants x is made2 :at are ! rights & j p[] or au?ority ( a sov]eign2 & :at x is t pres]ve? or dissolve? x4 ,?irdly1 :at is a ,*ri/ian commonweal?4 ,la/ly1 :at is ! k+dom ( d>kness4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/1 !re is a say+ mu* usurp$ ( late1 t wisdom is acquir$1 n by read+ ( books1 b ( m54 ,consequ5tly :]eunto1 ^? p]sons1 t = ! mo/ "p c give no o!r pro( ( be+ wise1 take great delight to %[ :at !y ?9k !y h read 9 m51 by un*>itable c5sures ( "o ano!r beh9d _! backs4 ,b !re is ano!r say+ n ( late und]/ood1 by :i* !y might le>n truly to read "o ano!r1 if !y w\ld take ! pa9s2 t is1 nosce teipsum1 read ?yself3 :i* 0 n meant1 z x is n[ us$1 to c\nt5ance1 ei!r ! b>b>\s /ate ( m5 9 p[]1 t[>ds _! inf]iors2 or to enc\rage m5 ( l[ degree1 to a saucy behavi\r t[>ds _! bett]s2 b to tea* u1 t = ! similitude ( ! ?\ghts & passions ( "o man1 to ! ?\ghts & passions ( ano!r1 :osoev] looke? into himself1 & consid]e? :at he do?1 :5 he does ?9k1 op9e1 reason1 hope1 fe>1 c4 & ^u :at gr\nds2 he %all !reby read & "k1 :at are ! ?\ghts & passions ( all o!r m5 ^u ! l occasions4 ,i say ! similitude ( passions1 :i* are ! same 9 all m51 desire1 fe>1 hope1 c42 n ! similitude ( ! objects ( ! passions1 :i* are ! ?+s desir$1 fe>$1 hop$1 c43 = ^! ! con/itution individual1 & p>ticul> education1 d s v>y1 & !y are s easy to be kept f our k1 t ! *>act]s ( man's he>t1 blott$ & conf\nd$ z !y are ) dissembl+1 ly+1 c\nt]feit+1 & errone\s doctr9es1 are legible only to him t se>*e? he>ts4 ,& ?\gh by m5's actions we d discov] _! design sometimes2 yet to d x )\t comp>+ !m ) our own1 & di/+ui%+ all circum/ances1 by :i* ! case may come to be alt]$1 is to decyph] )\t a key1 & be = ! mo/ "p deceiv$1 by too mu* tru/1 or by too mu* diffid5ce2 z he t reads1 is himself a good or evil man4 ,b let "o man read ano!r by 8 actions nev] s p]fectly1 x s]ves him only ) 8 acqua9tance1 :i* are b few4 ,he t is to gov]n a :ole nation1 mu/ read 9 himself1 n ?is or t p>ticul> man2 b mank9d3 :i* ?\gh x be h>d to d1 h>d] ?an to le>n any language or sci5ce2 yet :5 ,i %all h set d[n my own read+ ord]ly1 & p]spicu\sly1 ! pa9s left ano!r1 w be only to consid]1 if he also f9d n ! same 9 himself4 ,= ?is k9d ( doctr9e admitte? no o!r demon/ration4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,( ,,man4 ------- ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,( ,,s5se4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5se4 ,conc]n+ ! ?\ghts ( man1 ,i w consid] !m fir/ s+ly1 & aft]w>ds 9 tra91 or dep5d5ce ^u "o ano!r4 ,s+ly1 !y are e "o a repres5tation or appe>ance1 ( "s quality1 or o!r accid5t ( a body )\t u1 :i* is commonly call$ an object4 ,:i* object worke? on ! eyes1 e>s1 & o!r p>ts ( a man's body2 & by div]sity ( work+1 produce? div]sity ( appe>ances4 ,! orig9al ( !m all1 is t :i* we call ,,s5se1 = !re is no conception 9 a man's m9d1 :i* ha? n at fir/1 totally1 or by p>ts1 be5 begott5 ^u ! organs ( s5se4 ,! re/ are d]iv$ f t orig9al4 ,to "k ! natural cause ( s5se1 is n v necess>y to ! bus9ess n[ 9 h&2 & ,i h else:]e writt5 ( ! same at l>ge4 ,nev]!less1 to fill ea* "p ( my pres5t me?od1 ,i w briefly deliv] ! same 9 ?is place4 ,! cause ( s5se1 is ! ext]nal body1 or object1 :i* presse? ! organ prop] to ea* s5se1 ei!r imm$iately1 z 9 ! ta/e & t\*2 or m$iately1 z 9 see+1 he>+1 & smell+2 :i* pressure1 by ! m$iation ( ! n]ves1 & o!r /r+s & membranes ( ! body1 cont9u$ inw>ds to ! bra9 & he>t1 cause? !re a resi/ance1 or c\nt]-pressure1 or endeav\r ( ! he>t to deliv] itself1 :i* endeav\r1 because outw>d1 seeme? to be "s matt] )\t4 ,& ?is seem+1 or fancy1 is t :i* m5 call s5se2 & consi/e?1 z to ! eye1 9 a light1 or col\r figur$2 to ! e>1 9 a s\nd2 to ! no/ril1 9 an od\r2 to ! tongue & palate1 9 a sav\r2 & to ! re/ ( ! body1 9 heat1 cold1 h>dness1 s(tness1 & su* o!r qualities z we disc]n by feel+4 ,all :i* qualities1 call$ s5sible1 are 9 ! object1 t cause? !m1 b s _m sev]al motions ( ! matt]1 by :i* x presse? our organs div]sely4 ,nei!r 9 u t are press$1 are !y any ?+ else1 b div]s motions2 = motion produce? no?+ b motion4 ,b _! appe>ance to u is fancy1 ! same wak+1 t dream+4 ,& z press+1 rubb+1 or /rik+ ! eye1 makes u fancy a light2 & press+ ! e>1 produce? a d92 s d ! bodies also we see1 or he>1 produce ! same by _! /rong1 ?\gh unobs]v$ action4 ,= if ^? col\rs & s\nds 7 9 ! bodies1 or objects t cause !m1 !y c\ld n be sev]$ f !m1 z by glasses1 & 9 e*oes by reflection1 we see !y are2 :]e we "k ! ?+ we see is 9 "o place1 ! appe>ance 9 ano!r4 ,& ?\gh at "s c]ta9 di/ance1 ! real & v object seem inve/$ ) ! fancy x begets 9 u2 yet /ill ! object is "o ?+1 ! image or fancy is ano!r4 ,s t s5se1 9 all cases1 is no?+ else b orig9al fancy1 caus$1 z ,i h said1 by ! pressure1 t is1 by ! motion1 ( ext]nal ?+s ^u our eyes1 e>s1 & o!r organs !reunto orda9$4 ,b ! philosophy-s*ools1 ?r\gh all ! univ]sities ( ,*ri/5dom1 gr\nd$ ^u c]ta9 texts ( ,ari/otle1 tea* ano!r doctr9e1 & say1 = ! cause ( vision1 t ! ?+ se51 s5de? =? on e side a visible species1 9 ,engli%1 a visible %[1 app>ition1 or aspect1 or a be+ se52 ! receiv+ :]e( into ! eye1 is see+4 ,& = ! cause ( he>+1 t ! ?+ he>d1 s5de? =? an audible species1 t is an audible aspect1 or audible be+ se52 :i* ent]+ at ! e>1 make? he>+4 ,nay1 = ! cause ( und]/&+ also1 !y say ! ?+ und]/ood1 s5de? =? an intelligible species1 t is1 an intelligible be+ se52 :i*1 com+ into ! und]/&+1 makes u und]/&4 ,i say n ?is1 z disprov+ ! use ( univ]sities2 b because ,i am to speak h]eaft] ( _! (fice 9 a commonweal?1 ,i mu/ let y see on all occasions by ! way1 :at ?+s w\ld be am5d$ 9 !m2 among/ :i* ! frequ5cy ( insignificant spee* is "o4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,( ,,imag9ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,imag9ation4 ,t :5 a ?+ lies /ill1 unless some:at else /ir x1 x w lie /ill = ev]1 is a tru? t no man d\bts (4 ,b t :5 a ?+ is 9 motion1 x w et]nally be 9 motion1 unless some:at else /ay x1 ?\gh ! reason be ! same1 namely1 t no?+ c *ange itself1 is n s easily ass5t$ to4 ,= m5 measure1 n only o!r m51 b all o!r ?+s1 by !mselves2 & because !y f9d !mselves subject aft] motion to pa91 & lassitude1 ?9k e ?+ else gr[s we>y ( motion1 & seeks repose ( its own accord2 little consid]+1 :e!r x be n "s o!r motion1 :]e9 t desire ( re/ !y f9d 9 !mselves1 consi/e?4 ,f h5ce x is1 t ! s*ools say1 heavy bodies fall d[nw>ds1 out ( an appetite to re/1 & to cons]ve _! nature 9 t place :i* is mo/ prop] = !m2 ascrib+ appetite1 & k ( :at is good = _! cons]vation1 :i* is m ?an man has1 to ?+s inanimate1 absurdly4 ,:5 a body is once 9 motion1 x move?1 unless some?+ else h9d] x1 et]nally2 & :atsoev] h9dre? x1 _c 9 an in/ant1 b 9 "t1 & by degrees1 q ext+ui% x2 & z we see 9 ! wat]1 ?\gh ! w9d cease1 ! waves give n ov] roll+ = a long "t aft]3 s also x happ5e? 9 t motion1 :i* is made 9 ! int]nal p>ts ( a man1 !n1 :5 he sees1 dreams1 c4 ,= aft] ! object is remov$1 or ! eye %ut1 we /ill reta9 an image ( ! ?+ se51 ?\gh m obscure ?an :5 we see x4 ,& ?is is x1 ! ,lat9s call imag9ation1 f ! image made 9 see+2 & apply ! same1 ?\gh improp]ly1 to all ! o!r s5ses4 ,b ! ,greeks call x fancy2 :i* signifies appe>ance1 & is z prop] to "o s5se1 z to ano!r4 ,,imag9ation !re=e is no?+ b decay+ s5se2 & is f\nd 9 m51 & _m o!r liv+ creatures1 z well sleep+1 z wak+4 ,! decay ( s5se 9 m5 wak+1 is n ! decay ( ! motion made 9 s5se2 b an obscur+ ( x1 9 su* mann] z ! light ( ! sun obscure? ! light ( ! />s2 :i* />s d no less ex]cise _! virtue1 by :i* !y are visible1 9 ! day ?an 9 ! night4 ,b because among/ _m /rokes1 :i* our eyes1 e>s1 & o!r organs receive f ext]nal bodies1 ! pr$om9ant only is s5sible2 !re=e1 ! light ( ! sun be+ pr$om9ant1 we are n affect$ ) ! action ( ! />s4 ,& any object be+ remov$ f our eyes1 ?\gh ! impression x made 9 u rema91 yet o!r objects m pres5t succe$+1 & work+ on u1 ! imag9ation ( ! pa/ is obscur$1 & made weak1 z ! voice ( a man is 9 ! noise ( ! day4 ,f :5ce x foll[e?1 t ! long] ! "t is1 aft] ! sight or s5se ( any object1 ! weak] is ! imag9ation4 ,= ! cont9ual *ange ( man's body de/roys 9 "t ! p>ts :i* 9 s5se 7 mov$3 s t di/ance ( "t1 & ( place1 ha? "o & ! same effect 9 u4 ,= z at a great di/ance ( place1 t :i* we look at appe>s dim1 & )\t di/9ction ( ! small] p>ts2 & z voices gr[ weak1 & in>ticulate2 s also1 aft] great di/ance ( "t1 our imag9ation ( ! pa/ is weak2 & we lose1 = example1 ( cities we h se51 _m p>ticul> /reets1 & ( actions1 _m p>ticul> circum/ances4 ,?is decay+ s5se1 :5 we w\ld express ! ?+ itself1 ,i mean fancy itself1 we call imag9ation1 z ,i said be=e3 b :5 we w\ld express ! decay1 & signify t ! s5se is fad+1 old1 & pa/1 x is call$ memory4 ,s t imag9ation & memory are b "o ?+1 :i* = div]s consid]ations ha? div]s names4 ,sid5ote3 ,memory4 ,mu* memory1 or memory ( _m ?+s1 is call$ exp]i5ce4 ,aga91 imag9ation be+ only ( ^? ?+s :i* h be5 =m]ly p]ceiv$ by s5se1 ei!r all at once1 or by p>ts at sev]al times2 ! =m]1 :i* is ! imag9+ ! :ole object z x 0 pres5t$ to ! s5se1 is simple imag9ation1 z :5 "o imag9e? a man1 or horse1 :i* he ha? se5 be=e4 ,! o!r is comp\nd$2 z :51 f ! sight ( a man at "o "t1 & ( a horse at ano!r1 we conceive 9 our m9d a ,c5taur4 ,s :5 a man comp\nde? ! image ( 8 own p]son ) ! image ( ! actions ( ano!r man1 z :5 a man imag9es himself a ,h]cules or an ,alex&]1 :i* happ5e? (t5 to !m t are mu* tak5 ) read+ ( romances1 x is a comp\nd imag9ation1 & prop]ly b a fiction ( ! m9d4 ,!re be also o!r imag9ations t rise 9 m51 ?\gh wak+1 f ! great impression made 9 s5se3 z f gaz+ ^u ! sun1 ! impression leaves an image ( ! sun be=e our eyes a long "t aft]2 & f be+ long & vehem5tly att5t ^u geometrical figures1 a man %all 9 ! d>k1 ?\gh awake1 h ! images ( l9es & angles be=e 8 eyes2 :i* k9d ( fancy ha? no p>ticul> "n1 z be+ a ?+ t do? n commonly fall into m5's disc\rse4 ,sid5ote3 ,dreams4 ,! imag9ations ( !m t sleep are ^? we call dreams4 ,& ^! also1 z all o!r imag9ations1 h be5 be=e1 ei!r totally or by p>cels1 9 ! s5se4 ,& because 9 s5se1 ! bra9 & n]ves1 :i* are ! necess>y organs ( s5se1 are s b5umb$ 9 sleep1 z n easily to be mov$ by ! action ( ext]nal objects1 !re c happ5 9 sleep no imag9ation1 & !re=e no dream1 b :at proce$s f ! agitation ( ! inw>d p>ts ( man's body2 :i* inw>d p>ts1 = ! connexion !y h ) ! bra91 & o!r organs1 :5 !y be di/emp]$1 d keep ! same 9 motion2 :]eby ! imag9ations !re =m]ly made1 appe> z if a man 7 wak+2 sav+ t ! organs ( s5se be+ n[ b5umb$1 s z !re is no new object1 :i* c ma/] & obscure !m ) a m vigor\s impression1 a dream mu/ ne$s be m cle>1 9 ?is sil5ce ( s5se1 ?an our wak+ ?\ghts4 ,& h5ce x come? to pass1 t x is a h>d matt]1 & by _m ?\ght impossible1 to di/+ui% exactly betwe5 s5se & dream+4 ,= my "p1 :5 ,i consid] t 9 dreams ,i d n (t5 nor con/antly ?9k ( ! same p]sons1 places1 objects1 & actions1 t ,i d wak+2 nor rememb] s long a tra9 ( coh]5t ?\ghts1 dream+1 z at o!r times2 & because wak+ ,i (t5 obs]ve ! absurdity ( dreams1 b nev] dream ( ! absurdities ( my wak+ ?\ghts2 ,i am well satisfi$1 t be+ awake1 ,i "k ,i dream n1 ?\gh :5 ,i dream ,i ?9k myself awake4 ,& see+ dreams are caus$ by ! di/emp] ( "s ( ! inw>d p>ts ( ! body1 div]s di/emp]s mu/ ne$s cause diff]5t dreams4 ,& h5ce x is t ly+ cold bre$e? dreams ( fe>1 & raise? ! ?\ght & image ( "s fe>ful object1 ! motion f ! bra9 to ! inn] p>ts & f ! inn] p>ts to ! bra9 be+ reciprocal2 & t z ang] cause? heat 9 "s p>ts ( ! body :5 we are awake1 s :5 we sleep ! ov]heat+ ( ! same p>ts cause? ang]1 & raise? up 9 ! bra9 ! imag9ation ( an enemy4 ,9 ! same mann]1 z natural k9dness1 :5 we are awake1 cause? desire1 & desire makes heat 9 c]ta9 o!r p>ts ( ! body2 s also too mu* heat 9 ^? p>ts1 :ile we sleep1 raise? 9 ! bra9 an imag9ation ( "s k9dness %[n4 ,9 sum1 our dreams are ! rev]se ( our wak+ imag9ations2 ! motion :5 we are awake beg9n+ at "o end1 & :5 we dream at ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,app>itions or visions4 ,! mo/ difficult disc]n+ ( a man's dream1 f 8 wak+ ?\ghts1 is !n1 :5 by "s accid5t we obs]ve n t we h slept3 :i* is easy to happ5 to a man full ( fe>ful ?\ghts1 & ^: consci5ce is mu* tr\bl$2 & t sleepe?1 )\t ! circum/ances ( go+ to b$ or putt+ (f 8 clo!s1 z "o t nodde? 9 a *air4 ,= he t take? pa9s1 & indu/ri\sly lays himself to sleep1 9 case any unc\? & exorbitant fancy come unto him1 _c easily ?9k x o!r ?an a dream4 ,we read ( ,m>cus ,brutus1 7"o t _h 8 life giv5 him by ,julius ,cs>1 & 0 also 8 fav\rite1 & not)/&+ murd]$ him71 h[ at ,philippi1 ! night be=e he gave battle to ,augu/us ,cs>1 he saw a fe>ful app>ition1 :i* is commonly relat$ by hi/orians z a vision2 b consid]+ ! circum/ances1 "o may easily judge to h be5 b a %ort dream4 ,= sitt+ 9 8 t5t1 p5sive & tr\bl$ ) ! horror ( 8 ra% act1 x 0 n h>d = him1 slumb]+ 9 ! cold1 to dream ( t :i* mo/ affright$ him2 :i* fe>1 z by degrees x made him wake1 s also x mu/ ne$s make ! app>ition by degrees to vani%2 & hav+ no assurance t he slept1 he c\ld h no cause to ?9k x a dream1 or any ?+ b a vision4 ,& ?is is no v r>e accid5t2 = ev5 !y t be p]fectly awake1 if !y be timor\s & sup]/iti\s1 possess$ ) fe>ful tales1 & alone 9 ! d>k1 are subject to ! l fancies1 & believe !y see spirits & dead m5's gho/s walk+ 9 *ur*y>ds2 :]eas x is ei!r _! fancy only1 or else ! knav]y ( su* p]sons z make use ( su* sup]/iti\s fe>1 to pass disguis$ 9 ! night1 to places !y w\ld n be kn[n to haunt4 ,f ?is ignorance ( h[ to di/+ui% dreams1 & o!r /rong fancies1 f vision & s5se1 did arise ! greate/ "p ( ! religion ( ! ,g5tiles 9 "t pa/1 t wor%ipp$ satyrs1 fawns1 nymphs1 & ! l2 & n[-a-days ! op9ion t rude p h ( fairies1 gho/s1 & gobl9s1 & ( ! p[] ( wit*es4 ,= z = wit*es1 ,i ?9k n t _! wit*craft is any real p[]2 b yet t !y are ju/ly puni%$1 = ! false belief !y h t !y c d su* mis*ief1 jo9$ ) _! purpose to d x if !y c2 _! trade be+ ne>] to a new religion ?an to a craft or sci5ce4 ,& = fairies1 & walk+ gho/s1 ! op9ion ( !m has1 ,i ?9k1 be5 on purpose ei!r taught or n confut$1 to keep 9 cr$it ! use ( exorcism1 ( crosses1 ( holy wat]1 & o!r su* inv5tions ( gho/ly m54 ,nev]!less1 !re is no d\bt1 b ,god c make unnatural app>itions2 b t he does x s (t51 z m5 ne$ to fe> su* ?+s1 m ?an !y fe> ! /ay or *ange ( ! c\rse ( nature1 :i* he also c /ay1 & *ange1 is no po9t ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,b evil m5 "u pretext t ,god c d any ?+1 are s bold z to say any ?+ :5 x s]ves _! turn1 ?\gh !y ?9k x untrue2 x is ! "p ( a wise man1 to believe !m no f>!r1 ?an "r reason makes t :i* !y say1 appe> cr$ible4 ,if ?is sup]/iti\s fe> ( spirits 7 tak5 away1 & ) x1 progno/ics f dreams1 false prophecies1 & _m o!r ?+s dep5d+ !reon1 by :i* crafty ambiti\s p]sons abuse ! simple p1 m5 w\ld be mu* m fitt$ ?an !y are = civil ob$i5ce4 ,& ?is ought to be ! "w ( ! s*ools3 b !y r n\ri% su* doctr9e4 ,=1 n kn[+ :at imag9ation or ! s5ses are1 :at !y receive1 !y tea*3 "s say+1 t imag9ations rise ( !mselves1 & h no cause2 o!rs1 t !y rise mo/ commonly f ! w2 & t good ?\ghts are bl[n 7inspir$7 into a man by ,god1 & evil ?\ghts by ! ,devil2 or t good ?\ghts are p\r$ 7infus$7 into a man by ,god1 & evil ones by ! ,devil4 ,"s say ! s5ses receive ! species ( ?+s1 & deliv] !m to ! common s5se2 & ! common s5se deliv]s !m ov] to ! fancy1 & ! fancy to ! memory1 & ! memory to ! judgm5t1 l h&+ ( ?+s f "o to ano!r1 ) _m words mak+ no?+ und]/ood4 ,sid5ote3 ,und]/&+4 ,! imag9ation t is rais$ 9 man1 or any o!r creature indu$ ) ! faculty ( imag9+1 by words1 or o!r volunt>y signs1 is t we g5]ally call und]/&+2 & is common to man & bea/4 ,= a dog by cu/om w und]/& ! call1 or ! rat+ ( 8 ma/]2 & s w _m o!r bea/s4 ,t und]/&+ :i* is peculi> to man1 is ! und]/&+ n only 8 w1 b 8 conceptions & ?\ghts1 by ! sequel & contexture ( ! names ( ?+s into affirmations1 negations1 & o!r =ms ( spee*2 & ( ?is k9d ( und]/&+ ,i %all speak h]eaft]4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,( ,,! ,,consequ5ce ,,or ,,tra9 ,,( ,,imag9ations4 ,by ,consequ5ce1 or ,,tra9 ( ?\ghts1 ,i und]/& t succession ( "o ?\ght to ano!r1 :i* is call$1 to di/+ui% x f disc\rse 9 words1 m5tal disc\rse4 ,:5 a man ?9ke? on any ?+ :atsoev]1 8 next ?\ght aft]1 is n altoge!r s casual z x seems to be4 ,n e ?\ght to e ?\ght succe$s indiff]5tly4 ,b z we h no imag9ation1 :]e( we h n =m]ly _h s5se1 9 :ole1 or 9 p>ts2 s we h no transition f "o imag9ation to ano!r1 :]e( we nev] _h ! l be=e 9 our s5ses4 ,! reason :]e( is ?is4 ,all fancies are motions )9 u1 relics ( ^? made 9 ! s5se3 & ^? motions t imm$iately succe$$ "o ano!r 9 ! s5se1 cont9ue also toge!r aft] s5se3 insomu* z ! =m] com+ aga9 to take place1 & be pr$om9ant1 ! latt] foll[e?1 by coh]5ce ( ! matt] mov$1 9 su* mann]1 z wat] ^u a plane table is drawn :i* way any "o "p ( x is guid$ by ! f+]4 ,b because 9 s5se1 to "o & ! same ?+ p]ceiv$1 sometimes "o ?+1 sometimes ano!r succe$e?1 x comes to pass 9 "t1 t 9 ! imag9+ ( any ?+1 !re is no c]ta9ty :at we %all imag9e next2 only ?is is c]ta91 x %all be some?+ t succe$$ ! same be=e1 at "o "t or ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,tra9 ( ?\ghts unguid$4 ,?is tra9 ( ?\ghts1 or m5tal disc\rse1 is ( two sorts4 ,! fir/ is unguid$1 )\t design1 & incon/ant2 :]e9 !re is no passionate ?\ght1 to gov]n & direct ^? t foll[1 to itself1 z ! end & scope ( "s desire1 or o!r passion3 9 :i* case ! ?\ghts are said to w&]1 & seem imp]t95t "o to ano!r1 z 9 a dream4 ,su* are commonly ! ?\ghts ( m51 t are n only )\t company1 b also )\t c>e ( any ?+2 ?\gh ev5 !n _! ?\ghts are z busy z at o!r times1 b )\t h>mony2 z ! s\nd :i* a lute out ( tune w\ld yield to any man2 or 9 tune1 to "o t c\ld n play4 ,& yet 9 ?is wild rang+ ( ! m9d1 a man may (t-times p]ceive ! way ( x1 & ! dep5dance ( "o ?\ght ^u ano!r4 ,= 9 a disc\rse ( our pres5t civil w>1 :at c\ld seem m imp]t95t1 ?an to ask1 z "o did1 :at 0 ! value ( a ,roman p5ny8 ,yet ! coh]5ce to me 0 manife/ en\gh4 ,= ! ?\ght ( ! w>1 introduc$ ! ?\ght ( ! deliv]+ up ! k+ to 8 enemies2 ! ?\ght ( t1 br\ght 9 ! ?\ght ( ! deliv]+ up ( ,*ri/2 & t aga9 ! ?\ght ( ! ?irty p5ce1 :i* 0 ! price ( t treason2 & !nce easily foll[$ t malici\s "q1 & all ?is 9 a mom5t ( "t2 = ?\ght is quick4 ,sid5ote3 ,tra9 ( ?\ghts regulat$4 ,! second is m con/ant2 z be+ regulat$ by "s desire1 & design4 ,= ! impression made by su* ?+s z we desire1 or fe>1 is /rong1 & p]man5t1 or1 if x cease = a "t1 ( quick return3 s /rong x is sometimes1 z to h9d] & break our sleep4 ,f desire1 arise? ! ?\ght ( "s means we h se5 produce ! l ( t :i* we aim at2 & f ! ?\ght ( t1 ! ?\ght ( means to t mean2 & s cont9ually1 till we come to "s beg9n+ )9 our own p[]4 ,& because ! end1 by ! greatness ( ! impression1 comes (t5 to m9d1 9 case our ?\ghts beg9 to w&]1 !y are quickly aga9 r$uc$ into ! way3 :i* obs]v$ by "o ( ! sev5 wise m51 made him give m5 ?is precept1 :i* is n[ worn out1 ,respice f9em2 t is to say1 9 all y\r actions1 look (t5 ^u :at y w\ld h1 z ! ?+ t directs all y\r ?\ghts 9 ! way to atta9 x4 ,! tra9 ( regulat$ ?\ghts is ( two k9ds2 "o1 :5 ( an effect imag9$ we seek ! causes1 or means t produce x3 & ?is is common to man & bea/4 ,! o!r is1 :5 imag9+ any ?+ :atsoev]1 we seek all ! possible effects1 t c by x be produc$2 t is to say1 we imag9e :at we c d ) x1 :5 we h x4 ,( :i* ,i h n at any "t se5 any sign1 b 9 man only2 = ?is is a curiosity h>dly incid5t to ! nature ( any liv+ creature t has no o!r passion b s5sual1 su* z are hung]1 ?ir/1 lu/1 & ang]4 ,9 sum1 ! disc\rse ( ! m9d1 :5 x is gov]n$ by design1 is no?+ b seek+1 or ! faculty ( inv5tion1 :i* ! ,lat9s call$ sagacitas1 & sol]tia2 a hunt+ out ( ! causes1 ( "s effect1 pres5t or pa/2 or ( ! effects1 ( "s pres5t or pa/ cause4 ,sometimes a man seeks :at he ha? lo/2 & f t place1 & "t1 :]e9 he misses x1 8 m9d runs back1 f place to place1 & "t to "t1 to f9d :]e1 & :5 he _h x2 t is to say1 to f9d "s c]ta91 & limit$ "t & place1 9 :i* to beg9 a me?od ( seek+4 ,aga91 f !nce1 8 ?\ghts run ov] ! same places & times1 to f9d :at action1 or o!r occasion might make him lose x4 ,sid5ote3 ,remembrance4 ,?is we call remembrance1 or call+ to m9d3 ! ,lat9s call x rem9isc5tia1 z x 7 a re-conn+ ( our =m] actions4 ,sid5ote3 ,prud5ce4 ,sometimes a man kn[s a place det]m9ate1 )9 ! compass :]e( he is to seek2 & !n 8 ?\ghts run ov] all ! p>ts !re(1 9 ! same mann] z "o w\ld sweep a room1 to f9d a jewel2 or z a spaniel ranges ! field1 till he f9d a sc5t2 or z a man %\ld run ov] ! alphabet1 to />t a rhyme4 ,sometimes a man desires to "k ! ev5t ( an action2 & !n he ?9ke? ( "s l action pa/1 & ! ev5ts !re( "o aft] ano!r2 suppos+ l ev5ts w foll[ l actions4 ,z he t =esees :at w become ( a crim9al1 re-cons :at he has se5 foll[ on ! l crime be=e2 hav+ ?is ord] ( ?\ghts1 ! crime1 ! (fic]1 ! prison1 ! judge1 & ! gall[s4 ,:i* k9d ( ?\ghts1 is call$ =esight1 & prud5ce1 or provid5ce2 & sometimes wisdom2 ?\gh su* conjecture1 ?r\gh ! difficulty ( obs]v+ all circum/ances1 be v fallaci\s4 ,b ?is is c]ta92 by h[ mu* "o man has m exp]i5ce ( ?+s pa/1 ?an ano!r1 by s mu* also he is m prud5t1 & 8 expectations ! seldom] fail him4 ,! pres5t only has a be+ 9 nature2 ?+s pa/ h a be+ 9 ! memory only1 b ?+s to come h no be+ at all2 ! future be+ b a fiction ( ! m9d1 apply+ ! sequels ( actions pa/1 to ! actions t are pres5t2 :i* ) mo/ c]ta9ty is done by him t has mo/ exp]i5ce1 b n ) c]ta9ty en\gh4 ,& ?\gh x be call$ prud5ce1 :5 ! ev5t answ]e? our expectation2 yet 9 its own nature1 x is b presumption4 ,= ! =esight ( ?+s to come1 :i* is provid5ce1 belongs only to him by ^: w !y are to come4 ,f him only1 & sup]naturally1 proce$s prophecy4 ,! be/ prophet naturally is ! be/ guess]2 & ! be/ guess]1 he t is mo/ v]s$ & /udi$ 9 ! matt]s he guesses at3 = he ha? mo/ signs to guess by4 ,sid5ote3 ,signs4 ,a sign is ! evid5t antec$5t ( ! consequ5t2 & contr>ily1 ! consequ5t ( ! antec$5t1 :5 ! l consequ5ces h be5 obs]v$1 be=e3 & ! (t5] !y h be5 obs]v$1 ! less unc]ta9 is ! sign4 ,& !re=e he t has mo/ exp]i5ce 9 any k9d ( bus9ess1 has mo/ signs1 :]eby to guess at ! future "t2 & consequ5tly is ! mo/ prud5t3 & s mu* m prud5t ?an he t is new 9 t k9d ( bus9ess1 z n to be equall$ by any advantage ( natural & extempor>y wit3 ?\gh p]haps _m "y m5 ?9k ! contr>y4 ,nev]!less x is n prud5ce t di/+ui%e? man f bea/4 ,!re be bea/s1 t at a ye> old obs]ve m1 & pursue t :i* is = _! good1 m prud5tly1 ?an a *ild c d at t54 ,sid5ote3 ,conjecture ( ! "t pa/4 ,z prud5ce is a presumption ( ! future1 contract$ f ! exp]i5ce ( "t pa/3 s !re is a presumption ( ?+s pa/ tak5 f o!r ?+s1 n future1 b pa/ also4 ,= he t ha? se5 by :at c\rses & degrees a fl\ri%+ /ate ha? fir/ come into civil w>1 & !n to ru92 ^u ! sight ( ! ru9s ( any o!r /ate1 w guess1 ! l w>1 & ! l c\rses h be5 !re also4 ,b ?is conjecture1 has ! same unc]ta9ty almo/ ) ! conjecture ( ! future2 bo? be+ gr\nd$ only ^u exp]i5ce4 ,!re is no o!r act ( man's m9d1 t ,i c rememb]1 naturally plant$ 9 him1 s z to ne$ no o!r ?+1 to ! ex]cise ( x1 b to be born a man1 & live ) ! use ( 8 five s5ses4 ,^? o!r faculties1 ( :i* ,i %all speak by & by1 & :i* seem prop] to man only1 are acquir$ & increas$ by /udy & indu/ry2 & ( mo/ m5 le>n$ by in/ruction1 & discipl9e2 & proce$ all f ! inv5tion ( words1 & spee*4 ,= besides s5se1 & ?\ghts1 & ! tra9 ( ?\ghts1 ! m9d ( man has no o!r motion2 ?\gh by ! help ( spee*1 & me?od1 ! same faculties may be improv$ to su* a height1 z to di/+ui% m5 f all o!r liv+ creatures4 ,sid5ote3 ,inf9ite4 ,:atsoev] we imag9e is f9ite4 ,!re=e !re is no idea1 or conception ( any ?+ we call inf9ite4 ,no man c h 9 8 m9d an image ( inf9ite magnitude2 nor conceive inf9ite swiftness1 inf9ite "t1 or inf9ite =ce1 or inf9ite p[]4 ,:5 we say any ?+ is inf9ite1 we signify only1 t we are n able to conceive ! ends1 & b\nds ( ! ?+s nam$2 hav+ no conception ( ! ?+1 b ( our own inability4 ,& !re=e ! "n ( ,god is us$1 n to make u conceive him1 = he is incompreh5sible2 & 8 greatness1 & p[] are unconceivable2 b t we may hon\r him4 ,also because1 :atsoev]1 z ,i said be=e1 we conceive1 has be5 p]ceiv$ fir/ by s5se1 ei!r all at once1 or by p>ts2 a man c h no ?\ght1 repres5t+ any ?+1 n subject to s5se4 ,no man !re=e c conceive any ?+1 b he mu/ conceive x 9 "s place2 & indu$ ) "s det]m9ate magnitude2 & :i* may be divid$ into p>ts2 nor t any ?+ is all 9 ?is place1 & all 9 ano!r place at ! same "t2 nor t two1 or m ?+s c be 9 "o1 & ! same place at once3 = none ( ^! ?+s ev] h1 nor c be incid5t to s5se2 b are absurd spee*es1 tak5 ^u cr$it1 )\t any signification at all1 f deceiv$ philosoph]s1 & deceiv$1 or deceiv+ s*oolm54 ------- ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,( ,,spee*4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9al ( spee*4 ,! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 ?\gh +5i\s1 comp>$ ) ! inv5tion ( lett]s1 is no great matt]4 ,b :o 0 ! fir/ t f\nd ! use ( lett]s1 is n kn[n4 ,he t fir/ br\ght !m into ,greece1 m5 say 0 ,cadmus1 ! son ( ,ag5or1 k+ ( ,phnicia4 ,a pr(itable inv5tion = cont9u+ ! memory ( "t pa/1 & ! conjunction ( mank9d1 disp]s$ into s _m1 & di/ant regions ( ! e>?2 & )al difficult1 z proce$+ f a wat*ful obs]vation ( ! div]s motions ( ! tongue1 palate1 lips1 & o!r organs ( spee*2 :]eby to make z _m diff]5ces ( *>act]s1 to rememb] !m4 ,b ! mo/ noble & pr(itable inv5tion ( all o!r1 0 t ( ,,spee*1 consi/+ ( names or appellations1 & _! connexion2 :]eby m5 regi/] _! ?\ghts2 recall !m :5 !y are pa/2 & also decl>e !m "o to ano!r = mutual utility & conv]sation2 )\t :i*1 !re _h be5 among/ m51 nei!r commonweal?1 nor society1 nor contract1 nor peace1 no m ?an among/ lions1 be>s1 & wolves4 ,! fir/ au?or ( spee* 0 ,god himself1 t in/ruct$ ,adam h[ to "n su* creatures z he pres5t$ to 8 sight2 = ! ,scripture goe? no fur!r 9 ?is matt]4 ,b ?is 0 suffici5t to direct him to add m names1 z ! exp]i5ce & use ( ! creatures %\ld give him occasion2 & to jo9 !m 9 su* mann] by degrees1 z to make himself und]/ood2 & s by succession ( "t1 s mu* language might be gott51 z he _h f\nd use =2 ?\gh n s copi\s1 z an orator or philosoph] has ne$ (3 = ,i d n f9d any ?+ 9 ! ,scripture1 out ( :i*1 directly or by consequ5ce1 c be ga!r$1 t ,adam 0 taught ! names ( all figures1 numb]s1 measures1 col\rs1 s\nds1 fancies1 relations2 mu* less ! names ( words & spee*1 z g5]al1 special1 affirmative1 negative1 int]rogative1 optative1 inf9itive1 all :i* are useful2 & lea/ ( all1 ( entity1 int5tionality1 quiddity1 & o!r insignificant words ( ! s*ool4 ,b all ?is language gott51 & augm5t$ by ,adam & 8 po/]ity1 0 aga9 lo/ at ! ,t[] ( ,babel1 :51 by ! h& ( ,god1 e man 0 /rick51 = 8 rebellion1 ) an oblivion ( 8 =m] language4 ,& be+ h]eby =c$ to disp]se !mselves into sev]al p>ts ( ! _w1 x mu/ ne$s be1 t ! div]sity ( tongues t n[ is1 proce$$ by degrees f !m1 9 su* mann]1 z ne$1 ! "m ( all inv5tions1 taught !m2 & 9 tract ( "t grew ev]y:]e m copi\s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! use ( spee*4 ,! g5]al use ( spee*1 is to transf] our m5tal disc\rse1 into v]bal2 or ! tra9 ( our ?\ghts1 into a tra9 ( words2 & t = two commodities1 :]e( "o is ! regi/]+ ( ! consequ5ces ( our ?\ghts2 :i* be+ apt to slip out ( our memory1 & put u to a new lab\r1 may aga9 be recall$1 by su* words z !y 7 m>k$ by4 ,s t ! fir/ use ( names is to s]ve = m>ks1 or notes ( remembrance4 ,ano!r is1 :5 _m use ! same words1 to signify1 by _! connexion & ord]1 "o to ano!r1 :at !y conceive1 or ?9k ( ea* matt]2 & also :at !y desire1 fe>1 or h any o!r passion =4 ,& = ?is use !y are call$ signs4 ,special uses ( spee* are ^!2 fir/1 to regi/]1 :at by cogitation1 we f9d to be ! cause ( any ?+1 pres5t or pa/2 & :at we f9d ?+s pres5t or pa/ may produce1 or effect2 :i* 9 sum1 is acquir+ ( arts4 ,secondly1 to %[ to o!rs t k :i* we h atta9$1 :i* is1 to c\nsel & tea* "o ano!r4 ,?irdly1 to make kn[n to o!rs our wills & purposes1 t we may h ! mutual help ( "o ano!r4 ,f\r?ly1 to please & delight ourselves & o!rs1 by play+ ) our words1 = pleasure or ornam5t1 innoc5tly4 ,sid5ote3 ,abuses ( spee*4 ,to ^! uses1 !re are also f\r correspond5t abuses4 ,fir/1 :5 m5 regi/] _! ?\ghts wrong1 by ! incon/ancy ( ! signification ( _! words2 by :i* !y regi/] = _! conception1 t :i* !y nev] conceiv$1 & s deceive !mselves4 ,secondly1 :5 !y use words metaphorically2 t is1 9 o!r s5se ?an t !y are orda9$ =2 & !reby deceive o!rs4 ,?irdly1 by words1 :5 !y decl>e t to be _! w1 :i* is n4 ,f\r?ly1 :5 !y use !m to grieve "o ano!r2 = see+ nature ha? arm$ liv+ creatures1 "s ) tee?1 "s ) horns1 & "s ) h&s1 to grieve an enemy1 x is b an abuse ( spee*1 to grieve him ) ! tongue1 unless x be "o :om we are oblig$ to gov]n2 & !n x is n to grieve1 b to correct & am5d4 ,! mann] h[ spee* s]ve? to ! remembrance ( ! consequ5ce ( causes & effects1 consi/e? 9 ! impos+ ( names1 & ! connexion ( !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,names1 prop] & common4 ,( names1 "s are prop]1 & s+ul> to "o only ?+1 z ,pet]1 ,john1 ?is man1 ?is tree2 & "s are common to _m ?+s1 man1 horse1 tree2 e ( :i*1 ?\gh b "o "n1 is nev]!less ! "n ( div]s p>ticul> ?+s2 ,sid5ote3 ,univ]sal4 9 respect ( all :i* toge!r1 x is call$ an univ]sal2 !re be+ no?+ 9 ! _w univ]sal b names2 = ! ?+s nam$ are e "o ( !m individual & s+ul>4 ,"o univ]sal "n is impos$ on _m ?+s1 = _! similitude 9 "s quality1 or o!r accid5t2 & :]eas a prop] "n br+e? to m9d "o ?+ only1 univ]sals recall any "o ( ^? _m4 ,& ( names univ]sal1 "s are ( m1 & "s ( less ext5t2 ! l>g] compreh5d+ ! less l>ge2 & "s aga9 ( equal ext5t1 compreh5d+ ea* o!r reciprocally4 ,z = example3 ! "n body is ( l>g] signification ?an ! ^w man1 & compreh5de? x2 & ! names man & rational1 are ( equal ext5t1 compreh5d+ mutually "o ano!r4 ,b "h we mu/ take notice1 t by a "n is n always und]/ood1 z 9 gramm>1 "o only ^w2 b sometimes1 by circumlocution1 _m words toge!r4 ,= all ^! words1 he t 9 8 actions obs]ve? ! laws ( 8 c\ntry1 make b "o "n1 equival5t to ?is "o ^w1 j4 ,by ?is imposition ( names1 "s ( l>g]1 "s ( /rict] signification1 we turn ! reckon+ ( ! consequ5ces ( ?+s imag9$ 9 ! m9d1 into a reckon+ ( ! consequ5ces ( appellations4 ,= example3 a man t ha? no use ( spee* at all1 su* z is born & rema9s p]fectly deaf & dumb1 if he set be=e 8 eyes a triangle1 & by x two "r angles1 su* z are ! corn]s ( a squ>e figure1 he may1 by m$itation1 comp>e & f9d1 t ! ?ree angles ( t triangle1 are equal to ^? two "r angles t /& by x4 ,b if ano!r triangle be %[n him1 diff]5t 9 %ape f ! =m]1 he _c "k1 )\t a new lab\r1 :e!r ! ?ree angles ( t also be equal to ! same4 ,b he t ha? ! use ( words1 :5 he obs]ves1 t su* equality 0 consequ5t1 n to ! l5g? ( ! sides1 nor to any o!r p>ticul> ?+ 9 8 triangle2 b only to ?is1 t ! sides 7 /raight1 & ! angles ?ree2 & t t 0 all1 = :i* he nam$ x a triangle2 w boldly conclude univ]sally1 t su* equality ( angles is 9 all triangles :atsoev]2 & regi/] 8 inv5tion 9 ^! g5]al t]ms1 e triangle ha? its ?ree angles equal to two "r angles4 ,& ?us ! consequ5ce f\nd 9 "o p>ticul>1 comes to be regi/]$ & rememb]$1 z a univ]sal rule1 & dis*>ges our m5tal reckon+1 ( "t & place1 & deliv]s u f all lab\r ( ! m9d1 sav+ ! fir/1 & makes t :i* 0 f\nd true "h1 & n[1 to be true 9 all times & places4 ,b ! use ( words 9 regi/]+ our ?\ghts is 9 no?+ s evid5t z 9 numb]+4 ,a natural fool t c\ld nev] le>n by he>t ! ord] ( num]al words1 z "o1 two1 & ?ree1 may obs]ve e /roke ( ! clock1 & nod to x1 or say "o1 "o1 "o1 b c nev] "k :at h\r x /rikes4 ,& x seems1 !re 0 a "t :5 ^? names ( numb] 7 n 9 use2 & m5 7 fa9 to apply _! f+]s ( "o or bo? h&s1 to ^? ?+s !y desir$ to keep acc\nt (2 & t !nce x proce$$1 t n[ our num]al words are b t51 9 any nation1 & 9 "s b five2 & !n !y beg9 aga94 ,& he t c tell t51 if he recite !m out ( ord]1 w lose himself1 & n "k :5 he has done4 ,mu* less w he be able to add1 & subtract1 & p]=m all o!r op]ations ( ari?metic4 ,s t )\t words !re is no possibility ( reckon+ ( numb]s2 mu* less ( magnitudes1 ( swiftness1 ( =ce1 & o!r ?+s1 ! reckon+s :]e( are necess>y to ! be+1 or well-be+ ( mank9d4 ,:5 two names are jo9$ toge!r into a consequ5ce1 or affirmation1 z ?us1 a man is a liv+ creature2 or ?us1 if he be a man1 he is a liv+ creature2 if ! latt] "n1 liv+ creature1 signify all t ! =m] "n man signifie?1 !n ! affirmation1 or consequ5ce1 is true2 o!rwise false4 ,= true & false are attributes ( spee*1 n ( ?+s4 ,& :]e spee* is n1 !re is nei!r tru? nor falsehood2 error !re may be1 z :5 we expect t :i* %all n be1 or suspect :at has n be52 b 9 nei!r case c a man be *>g$ ) untru?4 ,sid5ote3 ,necessity ( def9itions4 ,see+ !n t tru? consi/e? 9 ! "r ord]+ ( names 9 our affirmations1 a man t seeke? precise tru? _h ne$ to rememb] :at e "n he uses /&s =1 & to place x accord+ly1 or else he w f9d himself entangl$ 9 words1 z a bird 9 lime twigs1 ! m he /ruggles ! m belim$4 ,& !re=e 9 geometry1 :i* is ! only sci5ce t x ha? pleas$ ,god hi!rto to be/[ on mank9d1 m5 beg9 at settl+ ! significations ( _! words2 :i* settl+ ( significations !y call def9itions1 & place !m 9 ! beg9n+ ( _! reckon+4 ,by ?is x appe>s h[ necess>y x is = any man t aspires to true k1 to exam9e ! def9itions ( =m] au?ors2 & ei!r to correct !m1 :]e !y are neglig5tly set d[n1 or to make !m himself4 ,= ! errors ( def9itions multiply !mselves accord+ z ! reckon+ proce$s1 & lead m5 into absurdities1 :i* at la/ !y see1 b _c avoid1 )\t reckon+ anew f ! beg9n+1 9 :i* lies ! f\ndation ( _! errors4 ,f :5ce x happ5s1 t !y :i* tru/ to books d z !y t ca/ up _m little sums into a great]1 )\t consid]+ :e!r ^? little sums 7 rightly ca/ up or n2 & at la/ f9d+ ! error visible1 & n mi/ru/+ _! fir/ gr\nds1 "k n :i* way to cle> !mselves1 b sp5d "t 9 flutt]+ ov] _! books2 z birds t ent]+ by ! *imney1 & f9d+ !mselves enclos$ 9 a *amb]1 flutt] at ! false light ( a glass w9d[1 = want ( wit to consid] :i* way !y came 94 ,s t 9 ! "r def9ition ( names lies ! fir/ use ( spee*2 :i* is ! acquisition ( sci5ce3 & 9 wrong1 or no def9itions1 lies ! fir/ abuse2 f :i* proce$ all false & s5seless t5ets2 :i* make ^? m5 t take _! in/ruction f ! au?ority ( books1 & n f _! own m$itation1 to be z mu* bel[ ! condition ( ignorant m51 z m5 endu$ ) true sci5ce are above x4 ,= betwe5 true sci5ce & errone\s doctr9es1 ignorance is 9 ! middle4 ,natural s5se & imag9ation are n subject to absurdity4 ,nature itself _c err2 & z m5 ab\nd 9 copi\sness ( language1 s !y become m wise1 or m mad ?an ord9>y4 ,nor is x possible )\t lett]s = any man to become ei!r excell5tly wise1 or1 unless 8 memory be hurt by disease or ill con/itution ( organs1 excell5tly fooli%4 ,= words are wise m5's c\nt]s1 !y d b reckon by !m2 b !y are ! money ( fools1 t value !m by ! au?ority ( an ,ari/otle1 a ,cic]o1 or a ,?omas1 or any o!r doctor :atsoev]1 if b a man4 ,sid5ote3 ,subject to names4 ,subject to names1 is :atsoev] c ent] into or be consid]$ 9 an acc\nt1 & be add$ "o to ano!r to make a sum1 or subtract$ "o f ano!r & leave a rema9d]4 ,! ,lat9s call$ acc\nts ( money rationes1 & acc\nt+ ratioc9atio2 & t :i* we 9 bills or books ( acc\nt call items1 !y call nom9a1 t is names2 & !nce x seems to proce$1 t !y ext5d$ ! ^w ratio to ! faculty ( reckon+ 9 all o!r ?+s4 ,! ,greeks h b "o ^w1 1 = bo? spee* & reason2 n t !y ?\ght !re 0 no spee* )\t reason1 b no reason+ )\t spee*3 & ! act ( reason+ !y call$ syllogism1 :i* signifie? summ+ up ( ! consequ5ces ( "o say+ to ano!r4 ,& because ! same ?+ may ent] into acc\nt = div]s accid5ts1 _! names are1 to %[ t div]sity1 div]sly wre/$ & div]sifi$4 ,?is div]sity ( names may be r$uc$ to f\r g5]al heads4 ,sid5ote3 ,names4 ,fir/1 a ?+ may ent] into acc\nt = matt] or body2 z liv+1 s5sible1 rational1 hot1 cold1 mov$1 quiet2 ) all :i* names ! ^w matt]1 or body1 is und]/ood2 all su* be+ names ( matt]4 ,secondly1 x may ent] into acc\nt1 or be consid]$1 = "s accid5t or quality :i* we conceive to be 9 x2 z = be+ mov$1 = be+ s long1 = be+ hot1 c42 & !n1 ( ! "n ( ! ?+ itself1 by a little *ange or wre/+1 we make a "n = t accid5t1 :i* we consid]2 & = liv+ put into ! acc\nt life2 = mov$1 motion2 = hot1 heat2 = long1 l5g?1 & ! l3 & all su* names are ! names ( ! accid5ts & prop]ties by :i* "o matt] & body is di/+ui%$ f ano!r4 ,^! are call$ names ab/ract1 because sev]$1 n f matt]1 b f ! acc\nt ( matt]4 ,?irdly1 we br+ into acc\nt ! prop]ties ( our own bodies1 :]eby we make su* di/9ction2 z :5 any?+ is se5 by u1 we reckon n ! ?+ itself1 b ! sight1 ! col\r1 ! idea ( x 9 ! fancy3 & :5 any?+ is he>d1 we reckon x n1 b ! he>+ or s\nd only1 :i* is our fancy or conception ( x by ! e>2 & su* are names ( fancies4 ,sid5ote3 ,use ( names positive4 ,f\r?ly1 we br+ into acc\nt1 consid]1 & give names1 to names !mselves1 & to spee*es3 = g5]al1 univ]sal1 special1 equivocal1 are names ( names4 ,& affirmation1 int]rogation1 comm&m5t1 n>ration1 syllogism1 s]mon1 oration1 & _m o!r su*1 are names ( spee*es4 ,& ?is is all ! v>iety ( names positive2 :i* are put to m>k some:at :i* is 9 nature1 or may be feign$ by ! m9d ( man1 z bodies t are1 or may be conceiv$ to be2 or ( bodies1 ! prop]ties t are1 or may be feign$ to be2 or words & spee*4 ,sid5ote3 ,negative names1 ) _! uses4 ,!re be also o!r names1 call$ negative1 :i* are notes to signify t a ^w is n ! "n ( ! ?+ 9 "q2 z ^! words1 no?+1 no man1 inf9ite1 indocible1 ?ree want f\r1 & ! l2 :i* are nev]!less ( use 9 reckon+1 or 9 correct+ ( reckon+1 & call to m9d our pa/ cogitations1 ?\gh !y be n names ( any ?+1 because !y make u refuse to admit ( names n rightly us$4 ,sid5ote3 ,words insignificant4 ,all o!r names are b insignificant s\nds2 & ^? ( two sorts4 ,"o :5 !y are new1 & yet _! mean+ n expla9$ by def9ition2 :]e( !re h be5 abundance co9$ by s*oolm51 & puzzl$ philosoph]s4 ,ano!r1 :5 m5 make a "n ( two names1 ^: significations are contradictory & inconsi/5t2 z ?is "n1 an incorporeal body1 or1 :i* is all "o1 an incorporeal sub/ance1 & a great numb] m4 ,= :5soev] any affirmation is false1 ! two names ( :i* x is compos$1 put toge!r & made "o1 signify no?+ at all4 ,= example1 if x be a false affirmation to say a quadrangle is r\nd1 ! ^w r\nd quadrangle signifies no?+1 b is a m]e s\nd4 ,s likewise1 if x be false to say t virtue c be p\r$1 or bl[n up & d[n1 ! words 9-p\r$ virtue1 inbl[n virtue1 are z absurd & insignificant z a r\nd quadrangle4 ,& !re=e y %all h>dly meet ) a s5seless & insignificant ^w1 t is n made up ( "s ,lat9 or ,greek names4 ,a ,fr5*man seldom he>s our ,savi\r call$ by ! "n ( p>ole1 b by ! "n ( v]be (t52 yet v]be & p>ole diff] no m1 b t "o is ,lat91 ! o!r ,fr5*4 ,sid5ote3 ,und]/&+4 ,:5 a man1 ^u ! he>+ ( any spee*1 ha? ^? ?\ghts :i* ! words ( t spee* & _! connexion 7 orda9$ & con/itut$ to signify1 !n he is said to und]/& x2 und]/&+ be+ no?+ else b conception caus$ by spee*4 ,& !re=e if spee* be peculi> to man1 z = aught ,i "k x is1 !n is und]/&+ peculi> to him also4 ,& !re=e ( absurd & false affirmations1 9 case !y be univ]sal1 !re c be no und]/&+2 ?\gh _m ?9k !y und]/& !n1 :5 !y d b repeat ! words s(tly1 or con !m 9 _! m9d4 ,:at k9ds ( spee*es signify ! appetites1 av]sions1 & passions ( man's m9d2 & ( _! use & abuse1 ,i %all speak :5 ,i h spok5 ( ! passions4 ,sid5ote3 ,incon/ant names4 ,! names ( su* ?+s z affect u1 t is1 :i* please & displease u1 because all m5 be n alike affect$ ) ! same ?+1 nor ! same man at all times1 are 9 ! common disc\rses ( m5 ( incon/ant signification4 ,= see+ all names are impos$ to signify our conceptions1 & all our affections are b conceptions1 :5 we conceive ! same ?+s diff]5tly1 we c h>dly avoid diff]5t nam+ ( !m4 ,= ?\gh ! nature ( t we conceive1 be ! same2 yet ! div]sity ( our reception ( x1 9 respect ( diff]5t con/itutions ( body1 & prejudices ( op9ion1 gives e ?+ a t9cture ( our diff]5t passions4 ,& !re=e 9 reason+ a man mu/ take he$ ( words2 :i* besides ! signification ( :at we imag9e ( _! nature1 h a signification also ( ! nature1 disposition1 & int]e/ ( ! speak]2 su* z are ! names ( virtues & vices2 = "o man calle? wisdom1 :at ano!r calle? fe>2 & "o cruelty1 :at ano!r ju/ice2 "o prodigality1 :at ano!r magnanimity2 & "o gravity1 :at ano!r /upidity1 c4 ,& !re=e su* names c nev] be true gr\nds ( any ratioc9ation4 ,no m c metaphors1 & tropes ( spee*2 b ^! are less dang]\s1 because !y pr(ess _! incon/ancy2 :i* ! o!r d n4 ------- ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,( ,,reason ,,& ,,sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,reason1 :at x is4 ,:5 a man reasone?1 he does no?+ else b conceive a sum total1 f addition ( p>cels2 or conceive a rema9d]1 f subtraction ( "o sum f ano!r2 :i*1 if x be done by words1 is conceiv+ ( ! consequ5ce ( ! names ( all ! p>ts1 to ! "n ( ! :ole2 or f ! names ( ! :ole & "o "p1 to ! "n ( ! o!r "p4 ,& ?\gh 9 "s ?+s1 z 9 numb]s1 besides add+ & subtract+1 m5 "n o!r op]ations1 z multiply+ & divid+1 yet !y are ! same2 = multiplication1 is b add+ toge!r ( ?+s equal2 & division1 b subtract+ ( "o ?+1 z (t5 z we c4 ,^! op]ations are n incid5t to numb]s only1 b to all mann] ( ?+s t c be add$ toge!r1 & tak5 "o out ( ano!r4 ,= z ari?meticians tea* to add & subtract 9 numb]s2 s ! geometricians tea* ! same 9 l9es1 figures1 solid & sup]ficial1 angles1 proportions1 times1 degrees ( swiftness1 =ce1 p[]1 & ! l2 ! logicians tea* ! same 9 consequ5ces ( words2 add+ toge!r two names to make an affirmation1 & two affirmations to make a syllogism2 & _m syllogisms to make a demon/ration2 & f ! sum1 or conclusion ( a syllogism1 !y subtract "o proposition to f9d ! o!r4 ,writ]s ( politics add toge!r pactions to f9d m5's duties2 & lawy]s1 laws & facts1 to f9d :at is "r & wrong 9 ! actions ( private m54 ,9 sum1 9 :at matt] soev] !re is place = addition & subtraction1 !re also is place = reason2 & :]e ^! h no place1 !re reason has no?+ at all to d4 ,sid5ote3 ,reason def9$4 ,out ( all :i* we may def9e1 t is to say det]m9e1 :at t is1 :i* is meant by ?is ^w reason1 :5 we reckon x among/ ! faculties ( ! m9d4 ,= ,,reason1 9 ?is s5se1 is no?+ b reckon+1 t is add+ & subtract+1 ( ! consequ5ces ( g5]al names agre$ ^u = ! m>k+ & signify+ ( our ?\ghts2 ,i say m>k+ !m :5 we reckon by ourselves1 & signify+1 :5 we demon/rate or approve our reckon+s to o!r m54 ,sid5ote3 ,"r reason1 :]e4 ,&1 z 9 ari?metic1 unpractis$ m5 mu/1 & pr(essors !mselves may (t51 err1 & ca/ up false2 s also 9 any o!r subject ( reason+1 ! able/1 mo/ att5tive1 & mo/ practis$ m5 may deceive !mselves1 & inf] false conclusions2 n b t reason itself is always "r reason1 z well z ari?metic is a c]ta9 & infallible art3 b no "o man's reason1 nor ! reason ( any "o numb] ( m51 makes ! c]ta9ty2 no m ?an an acc\nt is !re=e well ca/ up1 because a great _m m5 h unanim\sly approv$ x4 ,& !re=e1 z :5 !re is a controv]sy 9 an acc\nt1 ! p>ties mu/ by _! own accord1 set up1 = "r reason1 ! reason ( "s arbitrator1 or judge1 to ^: s5t5ce !y w bo? /&1 or _! controv]sy mu/ ei!r come to bl[s1 or be undecid$1 = want ( a "r reason con/itut$ by nature2 s is x also 9 all debates ( :at k9d soev]4 ,& :5 m5 t ?9k !mselves wis] ?an all o!rs1 clam\r & dem& "r reason = judge1 yet seek no m1 b t ?+s %\ld be det]m9$1 by no o!r m5's reason b _! own1 x is z intol]able 9 ! society ( m51 z x is 9 play aft] trump is turn$1 to use = trump on e occasion1 t suite :]e( !y h mo/ 9 _! h&4 ,= !y d no?+ else1 t w h e ( _! passions1 z x comes to be> sway 9 !m1 to be tak5 = "r reason1 & t 9 _! own controv]sies bewray+ _! want ( "r reason1 by ! claim !y lay to x4 ,sid5ote3 ,! use ( reason4 ,! use & end ( reason1 is n ! f9d+ ( ! sum & tru? ( "o1 or a few consequ5ces1 remote f ! fir/ def9itions1 & settl$ significations ( names1 b to beg9 at ^!1 & proce$ f "o consequ5ce to ano!r4 ,= !re c be no c]ta9ty ( ! la/ conclusion1 )\t a c]ta9ty ( all ^? affirmations & negations1 on :i* x 0 gr\nd$ & inf]r$4 ,z :5 a ma/] ( a family1 9 tak+ an acc\nt1 ca/e? up ! sums ( all ! bills ( exp5se into "o sum1 & n reg>d+ h[ ea* bill is summ$ up1 by ^? t give !m 9 acc\nt2 nor :at x is he pays =2 he advantages himself no m1 ?an if he all[$ ! acc\nt 9 gross1 tru/+ to e ( ! acc\ntants' skill & hone/y3 s also 9 reason+ ( all o!r ?+s1 he t takes up conclusions on ! tru/ ( au?ors1 & do? n fet* !m f ! fir/ items 9 e reckon+1 :i* are ! significations ( names settl$ by def9itions1 loses 8 lab\r2 & does n "k any?+1 b only believe?4 ,sid5ote3 ,( error & absurdity4 ,:5 a man reckons )\t ! use ( words1 :i* may be done 9 p>ticul> ?+s1 z :5 ^u ! sight ( any "o ?+1 we conjecture :at 0 likely to h prec$$1 or is likely to foll[ ^u x2 if t :i* he ?\ght likely to foll[1 foll[s n1 or t :i* he ?\ght likely to h prec$$ x1 ha? n prec$$ x1 ?is is call$ error2 to :i* ev5 ! mo/ prud5t m5 are subject4 ,b :5 we reason 9 words ( g5]al signification1 & fall ^u a g5]al inf]5ce :i* is false1 ?\gh x be commonly call$ error1 x is inde$ an absurdity1 or s5seless spee*4 ,= error is b a deception1 9 presum+ t some:at is pa/1 or to come2 ( :i*1 ?\gh x 7 n pa/1 or n to come1 yet !re 0 no impossibility discov]able4 ,b :5 we make a g5]al ass]tion1 unless x be a true "o1 ! possibility ( x is inconceivable4 ,& words :]eby we conceive no?+ b ! s\nd1 are ^? we call absurd1 insignificant1 & nons5se4 ,& !re=e if a man %\ld talk to me ( a r\nd quadrangle2 or1 accid5ts ( bread 9 *eese2 or1 immat]ial sub/ances2 or ( a free subject2 a free w2 or any free1 b free f be+ h9d]$ by opposition1 ,i %\ld n say he 7 9 an error1 b t 8 words 7 )\t mean+1 t is to say1 absurd4 ,i h said be=e1 9 ! second *apt]1 t a man did excel all o!r animals 9 ?is faculty1 t :5 he conceiv$ any ?+ :atsoev]1 he 0 apt to inquire ! consequ5ces ( x1 & :at effects he c\ld d ) x4 ,& n[ ,i add ?is o!r degree ( ! same excell5ce1 t he c by words r$uce ! consequ5ces he f9ds to g5]al rules1 call$ !orems1 or aphorisms2 t is1 he c reason1 or reckon1 n only 9 numb]1 b 9 all o!r ?+s1 :]e( "o may be add$ unto1 or subtract$ f ano!r4 ,b ?is privilege is allay$ by ano!r2 & t is1 by ! privilege ( absurdity2 to :i* no liv+ creature is subject1 b man only4 ,& ( m51 ^? are ( all mo/ subject to x1 t pr(ess philosophy4 ,= x is mo/ true t ,cic]o sai? ( !m some:]e2 t !re c be no?+ s absurd1 b may be f\nd 9 ! books ( philosoph]s4 ,& ! reason is manife/4 ,= !re is n "o ( !m t beg9s 8 ratioc9ation f ! def9itions1 or explications ( ! names !y are to use2 :i* is a me?od t ha? be5 us$ only 9 geometry2 ^: conclusions h !reby be5 made indisputable4 ,sid5ote3 ,causes ( absurdity4 ,i4 ,! fir/ cause ( absurd conclusions ,i ascribe to ! want ( me?od2 9 t !y beg9 n _! ratioc9ation f def9itions2 t is1 f settl$ significations ( _! words3 z if !y c\ld ca/ acc\nt1 )\t kn[+ ! value ( ! num]al words1 "o1 two1 & ?ree4 ,& :]eas all bodies ent] into acc\nt ^u div]s consid]ations1 :i* ,i h m5tion$ 9 ! prec$5t *apt]2 ^! consid]ations be+ div]sely nam$1 div]s absurdities proce$ f ! confusion1 & unfit connexion ( _! names into ass]tions4 ,& !re=e1 ,,ii4 ,! second cause ( absurd ass]tions1 ,i ascribe to ! giv+ ( names ( bodies to accid5ts2 or ( accid5ts to bodies2 z !y d1 t say1 fai? is infus$1 or inspir$2 :5 no?+ c be p\r$1 or brea!d into any?+1 b body2 & t1 ext5sion is body2 t phantasms are spirits1 c4 ,,iii4 ,! ?ird ,i ascribe to ! giv+ ( ! names ( ! accid5ts ( bodies )\t u1 to ! accid5ts ( our own bodies2 z !y d t say1 ! col\r is 9 ! body2 ! s\nd is 9 ! air1 c4 ,,iv4 ,! f\r?1 to ! giv+ ( ! names ( bodies to names1 or spee*es2 z !y d t say1 t !re be ?+s univ]sal2 t a liv+ creature is g5us1 or a g5]al ?+1 c4 ,v4 ,! fif?1 to ! giv+ ( ! names ( accid5ts to names & spee*es2 z !y d t say1 ! nature ( a ?+ is its def9ition2 a man's comm& is 8 w2 & ! l4 ,,vi4 ,! six?1 to ! use ( metaphors1 tropes1 & o!r rhetorical figures1 in/ead ( words prop]4 ,= ?\gh x be lawful to say1 = example1 9 common spee*1 ! way goe?1 or leade? hi!r1 or ?i!r2 ! prov]b says ?is or t1 :]eas ways _c g1 nor prov]bs speak2 yet 9 reckon+1 & seek+ ( tru?1 su* spee*es are n to be admitt$4 ,,vii4 ,! sev5?1 to names t signify no?+2 b are tak5 up1 & le>n$ by rote f ! s*ools1 z hypo/atical1 transub/antiate1 consub/antiate1 et]nal-n[1 & ! l cant+ ( s*oolm54 ,to him t c avoid ^! ?+s x is n easy to fall into any absurdity1 unless x be by ! l5g? ( an acc\nt2 :]e9 he may p]haps =get :at w5t be=e4 ,= all m5 by nature reason alike1 & well1 :5 !y h good pr9ciples4 ,= :o is s /upid1 z bo? to mi/ake 9 geometry1 & also to p]si/ 9 x1 :5 ano!r detects 8 error to him8 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce4 ,by ?is x appe>s t reason is n1 z s5se & memory1 born ) u2 nor gott5 by exp]i5ce only1 z prud5ce is2 b atta9$ by indu/ry2 fir/ 9 apt impos+ ( names2 & secondly by gett+ a good & ord]ly me?od 9 proce$+ f ! elem5ts1 :i* are names1 to ass]tions made by connexion ( "o ( !m to ano!r2 & s to syllogisms1 :i* are ! connexions ( "o ass]tion to ano!r1 till we come to a k ( all ! consequ5ces ( names app]ta9+ to ! subject 9 h&2 & t is x1 m5 call ,,sci5ce4 ,& :]eas s5se & memory are b k ( fact1 :i* is a ?+ pa/ & irrevocable4 ,sci5ce is ! k ( consequ5ces1 & dep5dance ( "o fact ^u ano!r3 by :i*1 out ( t we c pres5tly d1 we "k h[ to d some?+ else :5 we w1 or ! l ano!r "t2 because :5 we see h[ any ?+ comes ab\t1 ^u :at causes1 & by :at mann]2 :5 ! l causes come into our p[]1 we see h[ to make x produce ! l effects4 ,*ildr5 !re=e are n endu$ ) reason at all1 till !y h atta9$ ! use ( spee*2 b are call$ reasonable creatures1 = ! possibility app>5t ( hav+ ! use ( reason 9 "t to come4 ,& ! mo/ "p ( m51 ?\gh !y h ! use ( reason+ a little way1 z 9 numb]+ to "s degree2 yet x s]ves !m to little use 9 common life2 9 :i* !y gov]n !mselves1 "s bett]1 "s worse1 accord+ to _! diff]5ces ( exp]i5ce1 quickness ( memory1 & incl9ations to sev]al ends2 b specially accord+ to good or evil =tune1 & ! errors ( "o ano!r4 ,= z = sci5ce1 or c]ta9 rules ( _! actions1 !y are s f> f x1 t !y "k n :at x is4 ,geometry !y h ?\ght conjur+3 b = o!r sci5ces1 !y :o h n be5 taught ! beg9n+s & "s progress 9 !m1 t !y may see h[ !y be acquir$ & g5]at$1 are 9 ?is po9t l *ildr51 t hav+ no ?\ght ( g5]ation1 are made believe by ! wom5 t _! bro!rs & si/]s are n born1 b f\nd 9 ! g>d54 ,b yet !y t h no sci5ce1 are 9 bett]1 & nobl] condition1 ) _! natural prud5ce2 ?an m51 t by mis-reason+1 or by tru/+ !m t reason wrong1 fall ^u false & absurd g5]al rules4 ,= ignorance ( causes1 & ( rules1 does n set m5 s f> out ( _! way1 z rely+ on false rules1 & tak+ = causes ( :at !y aspire to1 ^? t are n s1 b r causes ( ! contr>y4 ,to conclude1 ! light ( human m9ds is p]spicu\s words1 b by exact def9itions fir/ snuff$1 & purg$ f ambiguity2 reason is ! pace2 increase ( sci5ce1 ! way2 & ! b5efit ( mank9d1 ! end4 ,&1 on ! contr>y1 metaphors1 & s5seless & ambigu\s words1 are l ignes fatui2 & reason+ ^u !m is w&]+ among/ innum]able absurdities2 & _! end1 cont5tion & s$ition1 or contempt4 ,sid5ote3 ,prud5ce & sapi5ce1 ) _! diff]5ce4 ,z mu* exp]i5ce1 is prud5ce2 s1 is mu* sci5ce sapi5ce4 ,= ?\gh we usually h "o "n ( wisdom = !m bo?1 yet ! ,lat9s did always di/+ui% betwe5 prud5tia & sapi5tia2 ascrib+ ! =m] to exp]i5ce1 ! latt] to sci5ce4 ,b to make _! diff]5ce appe> m cle>ly1 let u suppose "o man endu$ ) an excell5t natural use & dext]ity 9 h&l+ 8 arms2 & ano!r to h add$ to t dext]ity1 an acquir$ sci5ce1 ( :]e he c (f5d1 or be (f5d$ by 8 adv]s>y1 9 e possible po/ure or gu>d3 ! ability ( ! =m]1 w\ld be to ! ability ( ! latt]1 z prud5ce to sapi5ce2 bo? useful2 b ! latt] infallible4 ,b !y t tru/+ only to ! au?ority ( books1 foll[ ! bl9d bl9dly1 are l him t1 tru/+ to ! false rules ( a ma/] ( f5ce1 v5tures presumptu\sly ^u an adv]s>y1 t ei!r kills or disgraces him4 ,sid5ote3 ,signs ( sci5ce4 ,! signs ( sci5ce are "s1 c]ta9 & infallible2 "s1 unc]ta94 ,c]ta91 :5 he t pret5de? ! sci5ce ( any ?+1 c tea* ! same2 t is to say1 demon/rate ! tru? !re( p]spicu\sly to ano!r2 unc]ta91 :5 only "s p>ticul> ev5ts answ] to 8 pret5ce1 & ^u _m occasions prove s z he says !y mu/4 ,signs ( prud5ce are all unc]ta92 because to obs]ve by exp]i5ce1 & rememb] all circum/ances t may alt] ! success1 is impossible4 ,b 9 any bus9ess1 :]e( a man has n infallible sci5ce to proce$ by2 to =sake 8 own natural judgm5t1 & be guid$ by g5]al s5t5ces read 9 au?ors1 & subject to _m exceptions1 is a sign ( folly1 & g5]ally scorn$ by ! "n ( p$antry4 ,& ev5 ( ^? m5 !mselves1 t 9 c\ncils ( ! commonweal? love to %[ _! read+ ( politics & hi/ory1 v few d x 9 _! dome/ic affairs1 :]e _! p>ticul> int]e/ is conc]n$2 hav+ prud5ce en\gh = _! private affairs3 b 9 public !y /udy m ! reputation ( _! own wit1 ?an ! success ( ano!r's bus9ess4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,volunt>y ,,motions2 ,,commonly ,,call$ ,,! ,,passions2 ,,& ,,! ,,spee*es ,,by ,,:i* ,,!y ,,are ,,express$4 ,sid5ote3 ,motion1 vital & animal4 ,!re be 9 animals1 two sorts ( motions peculi> to !m3 "o call$ vital2 begun 9 g5]ation1 & cont9u$ )\t int]ruption ?r\gh _! :ole life2 su* z are ! c\rse ( ! blood1 ! pulse1 ! brea?+1 ! concoction1 nutrition1 excretion1 c4 to :i* motions !re ne$s no help ( imag9ation3 ! o!r is animal motion1 o!rwise call$ volunt>y motion2 z to g1 to speak1 to move any ( our limbs1 9 su* mann] z is fir/ fanci$ 9 our m9ds4 ,t s5se is motion 9 ! organs & int]ior p>ts ( man's body1 caus$ by ! action ( ! ?+s we see1 he>1 c42 & t fancy is b ! relics ( ! same motion1 rema9+ aft] s5se1 has be5 already said 9 ! fir/ & second *apt]s4 ,& because go+1 speak+1 & ! l volunt>y motions1 dep5d always ^u a prec$5t ?\ght ( :i!r1 :i* way1 & :at2 x is evid5t1 t ! imag9ation is ! fir/ int]nal beg9n+ ( all volunt>y motion4 ,& al?\gh un/udi$ m5 d n conceive any motion at all to be !re1 :]e ! ?+ mov$ is invisible2 or ! space x is mov$ 9 is1 = ! %ortness ( x1 ins5sible2 yet t do? n h9d]1 b t su* motions are4 ,= let a space be nev] s little1 t :i* is mov$ ov] a great] space1 :]e( t little "o is "p1 mu/ fir/ be mov$ ov] t4 ,sid5ote3 ,endeav\r4 ,^! small beg9n+s ( motion1 )9 ! body ( man1 be=e !y appe> 9 walk+1 speak+1 /rik+1 & o!r visible actions1 are commonly call$ ,,endeav\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,appetite4 ,desire4 ,?is endeav\r1 :5 x is t[>d some?+ :i* causes x1 is call$ ,,appetite1 or ,,desire2 ! latt]1 be+ ! g5]al "n2 ,sid5ote3 ,hung]4 ,?ir/4 & ! o!r (t5times re/ra9$ to signify ! desire ( food1 namely hung] & ?ir/4 ,sid5ote3 ,av]sion4 ,& :5 ! endeav\r is fromw>d some?+1 x is g5]ally call$ ,,av]sion4 ,^! words1 appetite & av]sion1 we h f ! ,lat9s2 & !y bo? ( !m signify ! motions1 "o ( approa*+1 ! o!r ( retir+4 ,s also d ! ,greek words = ! same1 :i* are & 4 ,= nature itself does (t5 press ^u m5 ^? tru?s1 :i* aft]w>ds1 :5 !y look = some:at beyond nature1 !y /umble at4 ,= ! ,s*ools f9d 9 m]e appetite to g1 or move1 no actual motion at all3 b because "s motion !y mu/ ackn[l$ge1 !y call x metaphorical motion2 :i* is b an absurd spee*3 = ?\gh words may be call$ metaphorical2 bodies & motions c n4 ,sid5ote3 ,love4 ,hate4 ,t :i* m5 desire1 !y are also said to ,,love3 & to ,,hate ^? ?+s = :i* !y h av]sion4 ,s t desire & love are ! same ?+2 save t by desire1 we always signify ! abs5ce ( ! object2 by love1 mo/ commonly ! pres5ce ( ! same4 ,s also by av]sion1 we signify ! abs5ce2 & by hate1 ! pres5ce ( ! object4 ,( appetites & av]sions1 "s are born ) m52 z appetite ( food1 appetite ( excretion1 & exon]ation1 :i* may also & m prop]ly be call$ av]sions1 f some:at !y feel 9 _! bodies2 & "s o!r appetites1 n _m4 ,! re/1 :i* are appetites ( p>ticul> ?+s1 proce$ f exp]i5ce1 & trial ( _! effects ^u !mselves or o!r m54 ,= ( ?+s we "k n at all1 or believe n to be1 we c h no fur!r desire1 ?an to ta/e & try4 ,b av]sion we h = ?+s1 n only :i* we "k h hurt u1 b also t we d n "k :e!r !y w hurt u1 or n4 ,sid5ote3 ,contempt4 ,^? ?+s :i* we nei!r desire1 nor hate1 we are said to contemn2 ,,contempt be+ no?+ else b an immobility1 or contumacy ( ! he>t1 9 resi/+ ! action ( c]ta9 ?+s2 & proce$+ f t ! he>t is already mov$ o!rwise1 by o!r m pot5t objects2 or f want ( exp]i5ce ( !m4 ,& because ! con/itution ( a man's body is 9 cont9ual mutation1 x is impossible t all ! same ?+s %\ld always cause 9 him ! same appetites1 & av]sions3 mu* less c all m5 cons5t1 9 ! desire ( almo/ any "o & ! same object4 ,sid5ote3 ,good4 ,b :atsoev] is ! object ( any man's appetite or desire1 t is x :i* he = 8 "p calle? good3 ,sid5ote3 ,evil4 & ! object ( 8 hate & av]sion1 evil2 & ( 8 contempt1 vile & inconsid]able4 ,= ^! words ( good1 evil1 & contemptible1 are ev] us$ ) relation to ! p]son t use? !m3 !re be+ no?+ simply & absolutely s2 nor any common rule ( good & evil1 to be tak5 f ! nature ( ! objects !mselves2 b f ! p]son ( ! man1 :]e !re is no commonweal?2 or1 9 a commonweal?1 f ! p]son t repres5te? x2 or f an arbitrator or judge1 :om m5 disagree+ %all by cons5t set up1 & make 8 s5t5ce ! rule !re(4 ,sid5ote3 ,pul*rum4 ,sid5ote3 ,turpe4 ,! ,lat9 tongue has two words1 ^: significations approa* to ^? ( good & evil2 b are n precisely ! same2 & ^? are pul*rum & turpe4 ,:]e( ! =m] signifies t1 :i* by "s app>5t signs promise? good2 & ! latt]1 t :i* promise? evil4 ,b 9 our tongue we h n s g5]al names to express !m by4 ,b = pul*rum we say 9 "s ?+s1 fair2 9 o!rs1 beautiful1 or h&some1 or gallant1 or hon\rable1 or comely1 or amiable2 & = turpe1 f\l1 de=m$1 ugly1 base1 nause\s1 & ! l1 z ! subject %all require2 all :i* words1 9 _! prop] places1 signify no?+ else b ! mi51 or c\nt5ance1 t promise? good & evil4 ,s t ( good !re be ?ree k9ds2 good 9 ! promise1 t is pul*rum2 good 9 effect1 z ! end desir$1 :i* is call$ jucundum1 ,sid5ote3 ,delightful4 ,pr(itable4 ,unpleasant4 ,unpr(itable4 delightful2 & good z ! means1 :i* is call$ utile1 pr(itable2 & z _m ( evil3 = evil 9 promise1 is t !y call turpe2 evil 9 effect1 & end1 is mole/um1 unpleasant1 tr\blesome2 & evil 9 ! means1 inutile1 unpr(itable1 hurtful4 ,sid5ote3 ,delight4 ,displeasure4 ,z1 9 s5se1 t :i* is really )9 u1 is1 z ,i h said be=e1 only motion1 caus$ by ! action ( ext]nal objects1 b 9 app>5ce2 to ! sight1 light & col\r2 to ! e>1 s\nd2 to ! no/ril1 od\r1 c43 s1 :5 ! action ( ! same object is cont9u$ f ! eyes1 e>s1 & o!r organs to ! he>t1 ! real effect !re is no?+ b motion1 or endeav\r2 :i* consi/e? 9 appetite1 or av]sion1 to or f ! object mov+4 ,b ! app>5ce1 or s5se ( t motion1 is t we ei!r call delight1 or tr\ble ( m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,pleasure4 ,?is motion1 :i* is call$ appetite1 & = ! app>5ce ( x delight1 & pleasure1 seeme? to be a corroboration ( vital motion1 & a help !reunto2 & !re=e su* ?+s z caus$ delight1 7 n improp]ly call$ jucunda1 juv&o1 f help+ or =tify+2 ,sid5ote3 ,(f5ce4 & ! contr>y1 mole/a1 (f5sive1 f h9d]+1 & tr\bl+ ! motion vital4 ,pleasure !re=e1 or delight1 is ! app>5ce1 or s5se ( good2 & mole/ation1 or displeasure1 ! app>5ce1 or s5se ( evil4 ,& consequ5tly all appetite1 desire1 & love1 is accompani$ ) "s delight m or less2 & all hatr$ & av]sion1 ) m or less displeasure & (f5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,pleasures ( s5se4 ,( pleasures or delights1 "s arise f ! s5se ( an object pres5t2 & ^? may be call$ pleasure ( s5se2 ! ^w s5sual1 z x is us$ by ^? only t condemn !m1 hav+ no place till !re be laws4 ,( ?is k9d are all on]ations & exon]ations ( ! body2 z also all t is pleasant1 9 ! sight1 he>+1 smell1 ta/e1 or t\*4 ,o!rs arise f ! expectation1 t proce$s f =esight ( ! end1 or consequ5ce ( ?+s2 :e!r ^? ?+s 9 ! s5se please or displease4 ,sid5ote3 ,pleasures ( ! m9d4 ,& ^! are pleasures ( ! m9d ( him t drawe? ^? consequ5ces1 ,sid5ote3 ,joy4 & are g5]ally call$ ,,joy4 ,9 ! l mann]1 displeasures are "s 9 ! s5se1 ,sid5ote3 ,pa94 & call$ ,,pa92 o!rs 9 ! expectation ( consequ5ces1 ,sid5ote3 ,grief4 & are call$ ,,grief4 ,^! simple passions call$ appetite1 desire1 love1 av]sion1 hate1 joy1 & grief1 h _! names = div]s consid]ations div]sifi$4 ,z fir/1 :5 !y "o succe$ ano!r1 !y are div]sely call$ f ! op9ion m5 h ( ! likelihood ( atta9+ :at !y desire4 ,secondly1 f ! object lov$ or hat$4 ,?irdly1 f ! consid]ation ( _m ( !m toge!r4 ,f\r?ly1 f ! alt]ation or succession itself4 ,sid5ote3 ,hope4 ,= appetite1 ) an op9ion ( atta9+1 is call$ ,,hope4 ,sid5ote3 ,despair4 ,! same1 )\t su* op9ion1 ,,despair4 ,sid5ote3 ,fe>4 ,av]sion1 ) op9ion ( ,,hurt f ! object1 ,,fe>4 ,sid5ote3 ,c\rage4 ,! same1 ) hope ( avoid+ t hurt by resi/ance1 ,,c\rage4 ,sid5ote3 ,ang]4 ,sudd5 c\rage1 ,,ang]4 ,sid5ote3 ,confid5ce4 ,con/ant hope1 ,,confid5ce ( ourselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,diffid5ce4 ,con/ant despair1 ,,diffid5ce ( ourselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,indignation4 ,ang] = great hurt done to ano!r1 :5 we conceive ! same to be done by injury1 ,,indignation4 ,sid5ote3 ,b5evol5ce4 ,desire ( good to ano!r1 ,,b5evol5ce1 ,,good ,,w1 ,,*>ity4 ,sid5ote3 ,good nature4 ,if to man g5]ally1 ,,good ,,nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,covet\sness4 ,desire ( ri*es1 ,,covet\sness2 a "n us$ always 9 signification ( blame2 because m5 cont5d+ = !m1 are displeas$ ) "o ano!r atta9+ !m2 ?\gh ! desire 9 itself1 be to be blam$1 or all[$1 accord+ to ! means by :i* ^! ri*es are s\ght4 ,sid5ote3 ,ambition4 ,desire ( (fice1 or prec$5ce1 ,,ambition3 a "n us$ also 9 ! worse s5se1 = ! reason be=e m5tion$4 ,sid5ote3 ,pusillanimity4 ,desire ( ?+s t conduce b a little to our ends1 & fe> ( ?+s t are b ( little h9drance1 ,,pusillanimity4 ,sid5ote3 ,magnanimity4 ,contempt ( little helps & h9drances1 ,,magnanimity4 ,sid5ote3 ,val\r4 ,magnanimity1 9 dang] ( dea? or w\nds1 ,,val\r1 ,,=titude4 ,sid5ote3 ,lib]ality4 ,magnanimity 9 ! use ( ri*es1 ,,lib]ality4 ,sid5ote3 ,mis]abl5ess4 ,pusillanimity 9 ! same1 ,,wret*$ness1 ,,mis]abl5ess1 or ,,p>simony2 z x is lik$ or dislik$4 ,sid5ote3 ,k9dness4 ,love ( p]sons = society1 ,,k9dness4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural lu/4 ,love ( p]sons = pleas+ ! s5se only1 ,,natural ,,lu/4 ,sid5ote3 ,luxury4 ,love ( ! same1 acquir$ f rum9ation1 t is1 imag9ation ( pleasure pa/1 ,,luxury4 ,sid5ote3 ,! passion ( love4 ,sid5ote3 ,jeal\sy4 ,love ( "o s+ul>ly1 ) desire to be s+ul>ly belov$1 ,,! ,,passion ,,( ,,love4 ,! same1 ) fe> t ! love is n mutual1 ,,jeal\sy4 ,sid5ote3 ,rev5gefulness4 ,desire1 by do+ hurt to ano!r1 to make him condemn "s fact ( 8 own1 ,,rev5gefulness4 ,sid5ote3 ,curiosity4 ,desire to "k :y1 & h[1 ,,curiosity2 su* z is 9 no liv+ creature b man3 s t man is di/+ui%$1 n only by 8 reason1 b also by ?is s+ul> passion f o!r animals2 9 :om ! appetite ( food1 & o!r pleasures ( s5se1 by pr$om9ance1 take away ! c>e ( kn[+ causes2 :i* is a lu/ ( ! m9d1 t by a p]sev]ance ( delight 9 ! cont9ual & indefatigable g5]ation ( k1 exce$e? ! %ort vehem5ce ( any c>nal pleasure4 ,sid5ote3 ,religion4 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition4 ,sid5ote3 ,true religion4 ,fe> ( p[] invisible1 feign$ by ! m9d1 or imag9$ f tales publicly all[$1 ,,religion2 n all[$1 ,,sup]/ition4 ,& :5 ! p[] imag9$1 is truly su* z we imag9e1 ,,true ,,religion4 ,sid5ote3 ,panic t]ror4 ,fe>1 )\t ! appreh5sion ( :y1 or :at1 ,,panic ,,t]ror1 call$ s f ! fables1 t make ,pan ! au?or ( !m2 :]eas1 9 tru?1 !re is always 9 him t s fe>e?1 fir/1 "s appreh5sion ( ! cause1 ?\gh ! re/ run away by example1 e "o suppos+ 8 fell[ to "k :y4 ,& !re=e ?is passion happ5s to none b 9 a ?rong1 or multitude ( p4 ,sid5ote3 ,admiration4 ,joy1 f appreh5sion ( novelty1 ,,admiration2 prop] to man1 because x excites ! appetite ( kn[+ ! cause4 ,sid5ote3 ,glory4 ,joy1 aris+ f imag9ation ( a man's own p[] & ability1 is t exultation ( ! m9d :i* is call$ ,,glory+3 :i* if gr\nd$ ^u ! exp]i5ce ( 8 own =m] actions1 is ! same ) confid5ce3 ,sid5ote3 ,va9-glory4 b if gr\nd$ on ! flatt]y ( o!rs2 or only suppos$ by himself1 = delight 9 ! consequ5ces ( x1 is call$ ,,va9-,,glory3 :i* "n is prop]ly giv52 because a well gr\nd$ confid5ce begette? attempt2 :]eas ! suppos+ ( p[] does n1 & is !re=e rightly call$ va94 ,sid5ote3 ,dejection4 ,grief1 f op9ion ( want ( p[]1 is call$ ,,dejection ( m9d4 ,! va9-glory :i* consi/e? 9 ! feign+ or suppos+ ( abilities 9 ourselves1 :i* we "k are n1 is mo/ incid5t to "y m51 & n\ri%$ by ! hi/ories1 or fictions ( gallant p]sons2 & is correct$ (t5times by age1 & employm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,sudd5 glory4 ,sid5ote3 ,laught]4 ,sudd5 glory1 is ! passion :i* make? ^? grimaces call$ ,,laught]2 & is caus$ ei!r by "s sudd5 act ( _! own1 t please? !m2 or by ! appreh5sion ( "s de=m$ ?+ 9 ano!r1 by comp>ison :]e( !y sudd5ly applaud !mselves4 ,& x is incid5t mo/ to !m1 t are consci\s ( ! fewe/ abilities 9 !mselves2 :o are =c$ to keep !mselves 9 _! own fav\r1 by obs]v+ ! imp]fections ( o!r m54 ,& !re=e mu* laught] at ! defects ( o!rs1 is a sign ( pusillanimity4 ,= ( great m9ds1 "o ( ! prop] works is1 to help & free o!rs f scorn2 & comp>e !mselves only ) ! mo/ able4 ,sid5ote3 ,sudd5 dejection4 ,sid5ote3 ,weep+4 ,on ! contr>y1 sudd5 dejection1 is ! passion t cause? ,,weep+2 & is caus$ by su* accid5ts1 z sudd5ly take away "s vehem5t hope1 or "s prop ( _! p[]3 & !y are mo/ subject to x1 t rely pr9cipally on helps ext]nal1 su* z are wom51 & *ildr54 ,!re=e "s weep = ! loss ( fri5ds2 o!rs = _! unk9dness2 o!rs = ! sudd5 /op made to _! ?\ghts ( rev5ge1 by reconciliation4 ,b 9 all cases1 bo? laught]1 & weep+1 are sudd5 motions2 cu/om tak+ !m bo? away4 ,= no man laughs at old je/s2 or weeps = an old calamity4 ,sid5ote3 ,%ame4 ,blu%+4 ,grief1 = ! discov]y ( "s defect ( ability1 is ,,%ame1 or ! passion t discov]e? itself 9 ,,blu%+2 & consi/e? 9 ! appreh5sion ( "s ?+ di%on\rable2 & 9 "y m51 is a sign ( ! love ( good reputation1 & comm5dable3 9 old m5 x is a sign ( ! same2 b because x comes too late1 n comm5dable4 ,sid5ote3 ,impud5ce4 ,! contempt ( good reputation is call$ ,,impud5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,pity4 ,grief1 = ! calamity ( ano!r1 is ,,pity2 & arise? f ! imag9ation t ! l calamity may befall himself2 & !re=e is call$ also ,,compassion1 & 9 ! phrase ( ?is pres5t "t a ,,fell[-,,feel+3 & !re=e = calamity arriv+ f great wick$ness1 ! be/ m5 h ! lea/ pity2 & = ! same calamity1 ^? hate pity1 t ?9k !mselves lea/ obnoxi\s to ! same4 ,sid5ote3 ,cruelty4 ,contempt1 or little s5se ( ! calamity ( o!rs1 is t :i* m5 call ,,cruelty2 proce$+ f security ( _! own =tune4 ,=1 t any man %\ld take pleasure 9 o!r m5's great h>ms2 )\t o!r end ( 8 own1 ,i d n conceive x possible4 ,sid5ote3 ,emulation4 ,sid5ote3 ,envy4 ,grief1 = ! success ( a competitor 9 weal?1 hon\r1 or o!r good1 if x be jo9$ ) endeav\r to en=ce our own abilities to equal or exce$ him1 is call$ ,,emulation3 b jo9$ ) endeav\r to supplant1 or h9d] a competitor1 ,,envy4 ,sid5ote3 ,delib]ation4 ,:5 9 ! m9d ( man1 appetites1 & av]sions1 hopes1 & fe>s1 conc]n+ "o & ! same ?+1 arise alt]nately2 & div]s good & evil consequ5ces ( ! do+1 or omitt+ ! ?+ prop\nd$1 come successively into our ?\ghts2 s t sometimes we h an appetite to x2 sometimes an av]sion f x2 sometimes hope to be able to d x2 sometimes despair1 or fe> to attempt x2 ! :ole sum ( desires1 av]sions1 hopes & fe>s cont9u$ till ! ?+ be ei!r done1 or ?\ght impossible1 is t we call ,,delib]ation4 ,!re=e ( ?+s pa/1 !re is no delib]ation2 because manife/ly impossible to be *ang$3 nor ( ?+s kn[n to be impossible1 or ?\ght s2 because m5 "k1 or ?9k su* delib]ation va94 ,b ( ?+s impossible1 :i* we ?9k possible1 we may delib]ate2 n kn[+ x is 9 va94 ,& x is call$ delib]ation2 because x is a putt+ an end to ! lib]ty we _h ( do+1 or omitt+1 accord+ to our own appetite1 or av]sion4 ,?is alt]nate succession ( appetites1 av]sions1 hopes & fe>s1 is no less 9 o!r liv+ creatures ?an 9 man3 & !re=e bea/s also delib]ate4 ,e delib]ation is !n said to end1 :5 t :]e( !y delib]ate1 is ei!r done1 or ?\ght impossible2 because till !n we reta9 ! lib]ty ( do+1 or omitt+2 accord+ to our appetite1 or av]sion4 ,sid5ote3 ,! w4 ,9 delib]ation1 ! la/ appetite1 or av]sion1 imm$iately adh]+ to ! action1 or to ! omission !re(1 is t we call ! ,,w2 ! act1 n ! faculty1 ( will+4 ,& bea/s t h delib]ation1 mu/ necess>ily also h w4 ,! def9ition ( ! w1 giv5 commonly by ! ,s*ools1 t x is a rational appetite1 is n good4 ,= if x 71 !n c\ld !re be no volunt>y act aga9/ reason4 ,= a volunt>y act is t1 :i* proce$e? f ! w1 & no o!r4 ,b if in/ead ( a rational appetite1 we %all say an appetite result+ f a prec$5t delib]ation1 !n ! def9ition is ! same t ,i h giv5 "h4 ,w !re=e is ! la/ appetite 9 delib]at+4 ,& ?\gh we say 9 common disc\rse1 a man _h a w once to d a ?+1 t nev]!less he =bore to d2 yet t is prop]ly b an incl9ation1 :i* makes no action volunt>y2 because ! action dep5ds n ( x1 b ( ! la/ incl9ation1 or appetite4 ,= if ! int]v5i5t appetites1 make any action volunt>y2 !n by ! same reason all int]v5i5t av]sions1 %\ld make ! same action involunt>y2 & s "o & ! same action1 %\ld be bo? volunt>y & involunt>y4 ,by ?is x is manife/1 t n only actions t h _! beg9n+ f covet\sness1 ambition1 lu/1 or o!r appetites to ! ?+ prop\nd$2 b also ^? t h _! beg9n+ f av]sion1 or fe> ( ^? consequ5ces t foll[ ! omission1 are volunt>y actions4 ,sid5ote3 ,=ms ( spee*1 9 passion4 ,! =ms ( spee* by :i* ! passions are express$1 are p>tly ! same1 & p>tly diff]5t f ^?1 by :i* we express our ?\ghts4 ,& fir/1 g5]ally all passions may be express$ indicatively2 z ,i love1 ,i fe>1 ,i joy1 ,i delib]ate1 ,i w1 ,i comm&3 b "s ( !m h p>ticul> expressions by !mselves1 :i* nev]!less are n affirmations1 unless x be :5 !y s]ve to make o!r inf]5ces1 besides t ( ! passion !y proce$ f4 ,delib]ation is express$ subjunctively2 :i* is a spee* prop] to signify suppositions1 ) _! consequ5ces2 z1 if ?is be done1 !n ?is w foll[2 & diff]s n f ! language ( reason+1 save t reason+ is 9 g5]al words2 b delib]ation = ! mo/ "p is ( p>ticul>s4 ,! language ( desire1 & av]sion1 is imp]ative2 z d ?is1 =be> t2 :i* :5 ! p>ty is oblig$ to d1 or =be>1 is comm&2 o!rwise pray]2 or else c\nsel4 ,! language ( va9-glory1 ( indignation1 pity & rev5gefulness1 optative3 b ( ! desire to "k1 !re is a peculi> expression1 call$ int]rogative2 z1 :at is x1 :5 %all x1 h[ is x done1 & :y s8 o!r language ( ! passions ,i f9d none3 = curs+1 swe>+1 revil+1 & ! l1 d n signify z spee*2 b z ! actions ( a tongue accu/om$4 ,^! =ms ( spee*1 ,i say1 are expressions1 or volunt>y significations ( our passions3 b c]ta9 signs !y be n2 because !y may be us$ arbitr>ily1 :e!r !y t use !m1 h su* passions or n4 ,! be/ signs ( passions pres5t1 are ei!r 9 ! c\nt5ance1 motions ( ! body1 actions1 & ends1 or aims1 :i* we o!rwise "k ! man to h4 ,sid5ote3 ,good & evil app>5t4 ,& because 9 delib]ation1 ! appetites1 & av]sions1 are rais$ by =esight ( ! good & evil consequ5ces1 & sequels ( ! action :]e( we delib]ate2 ! good or evil effect !re( dep5de? on ! =esight ( a long *a9 ( consequ5ces1 ( :i* v seldom any man is able to see to ! end4 ,b = s f> z a man see?1 if ! good 9 ^? consequ5ces be great] ?an ! evil1 ! :ole *a9 is t :i* writ]s call app>5t1 or seem+ good4 ,& contr>ily1 :5 ! evil exce$e? ! good1 ! :ole is app>5t1 or seem+ evil3 s t he :o ha? by exp]i5ce1 or reason1 ! greate/ & sure/ prospect ( consequ5ces1 delib]ates be/ himself2 & is able :5 he w1 to give ! be/ c\nsel unto o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,felicity4 ,cont9ual success 9 obta9+ ^? ?+s :i* a man f "t to "t desire?1 t is to say1 cont9ual prosp]+1 is t m5 call ,,felicity2 ,i mean ! felicity ( ?is life4 ,= !re is no su* ?+ z p]petual tranquillity ( m9d1 :ile we live "h2 because life itself is b motion1 & c nev] be )\t desire1 nor )\t fe>1 no m ?an )\t s5se4 ,:at k9d ( felicity ,god ha? orda9$ to !m t dev\tly hon\r ,him1 a man %all no soon] "k1 ?an enjoy2 be+ joys1 t n[ are z incompreh5sible1 z ! ^w ( s*ool-m5 beatifical vision is un9telligible4 ,sid5ote3 ,praise4 ,! =m ( spee* :]eby m5 signify _! op9ion ( ! goodness ( any ?+1 is ,,praise4 ,sid5ote3 ,magnification4 ,t :]eby !y signify ! p[] & greatness ( any ?+1 is ,,magnify+4 ,sid5ote3 4 ,& t :]eby !y signify ! op9ion !y h ( a man's felicity1 is by ! ,greeks call$ 1 = :i* we h no "n 9 our tongue4 ,& ?us mu* is suffici5t = ! pres5t purpose1 to h be5 said ( ! ,,passions4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,( ,,! ,,ends1 ,,or ,,resolutions ,,( ,,disc\rse4 ,( all disc\rse1 gov]n$ by desire ( k1 !re is at la/ an end1 ei!r by atta9+1 or by giv+ ov]4 ,& 9 ! *a9 ( disc\rse1 :]esoev] x be int]rupt$1 !re is an end = t "t4 ,if ! disc\rse be m]ely m5tal1 x consi/e? ( ?\ghts t ! ?+ w be1 & w n be2 or t x has be51 & has n be51 alt]nately4 ,s t :]esoev] y break (f ! *a9 ( a man's disc\rse1 y leave him 9 a presumption ( x w be1 or1 x w n be2 or1 x has be51 or1 has n be54 ,all :i* is op9ion4 ,& t :i* is alt]nate appetite1 9 delib]at+ conc]n+ good & evil2 ! same is alt]nate op9ion1 9 ! enquiry ( ! tru? ( pa/1 & future4 ,sid5ote3 ,judgm5t1 or s5t5ce f9al4 ,& z ! la/ appetite 9 delib]ation1 is call$ ! w2 s ! la/ op9ion 9 se>* ( ! tru? ( pa/1 & future1 is call$ ! ,,judgm5t1 or resolute & f9al s5t5ce ( him t disc\rse?4 ,& z ! :ole *a9 ( appetites alt]nate1 9 ! "q ( good1 or bad1 is call$ delib]ation2 ,sid5ote3 ,d\bt4 s ! :ole *a9 ( op9ions alt]nate1 9 ! "q ( true1 or false1 is call$ ,,d\bt4 ,no disc\rse :atsoev]1 c end 9 absolute k ( fact1 pa/1 or to come4 ,=1 z = ! k ( fact1 x is orig9ally1 s5se2 & ev] aft]1 memory4 ,& = ! k ( consequ5ce1 :i* ,i h said be=e is call$ sci5ce1 x is n absolute1 b conditional4 ,no man c "k by disc\rse1 t ?is1 or t1 is1 has be51 or w be2 :i* is to "k absolutely3 b only1 t if ?is be1 t is2 if ?is has be51 t has be52 if ?is %all be1 t %all be3 :i* is to "k conditionally2 & t n ! consequ5ce ( "o ?+ to ano!r2 b ( "o "n ( a ?+1 to ano!r "n ( ! same ?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce4 ,& !re=e1 :5 ! disc\rse is put into spee*1 & beg9s ) ! def9itions ( words1 & proce$s by connexion ( ! same into g5]al affirmations1 & ( ^! aga9 into syllogisms2 ! end or la/ sum is call$ ! conclusion2 & ! ?\ght ( ! m9d by x signifi$1 is t conditional k1 or k ( ! consequ5ce ( words1 :i* is commonly call$ ,,sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,op9ion4 ,b if ! fir/ gr\nd ( su* disc\rse1 be n def9itions2 or if ! def9itions be n rightly jo9$ toge!r into syllogisms1 !n ! end or conclusion1 is aga9 ,,op9ion1 namely ( ! tru? ( some:at said1 ?\gh sometimes 9 absurd & s5seless words1 )\t possibility ( be+ und]/ood4 ,sid5ote3 ,consci\s4 ,:5 two1 or m m51 "k ( "o & ! same fact1 !y are said to be ,,consci\s ( x "o to ano!r2 :i* is z mu* z to "k x toge!r4 ,& because su* are fitte/ witnesses ( ! facts ( "o ano!r1 or ( a ?ird2 x 01 & ev] w be reput$ a v evil act1 = any man to speak aga9/ 8 consci5ce3 or to corrupt or =ce ano!r s to d3 insomu* t ! plea ( consci5ce1 has be5 always he>k5$ unto v dilig5tly 9 all times4 ,aft]w>ds1 m5 made use ( ! same ^w metaphorically1 = ! k ( _! own secret facts1 & secret ?\ghts2 & !re=e x is rhetorically said1 t ! consci5ce is a ?\s& witnesses4 ,& la/ ( all1 m51 vehem5tly 9 love ) _! own new op9ions1 ?\gh nev] s absurd1 & ob/9ately b5t to ma9ta9 !m1 gave ^? _! op9ions also t rev]5c$ "n ( consci5ce1 z if !y w\ld h x seem unlawful1 to *ange or speak aga9/ !m2 & s pret5d to "k !y are true1 :5 !y "k at mo/1 b t !y ?9k s4 ,:5 a man's disc\rse beg9ne? n at def9itions1 x beg9ne? ei!r at "s o!r contemplation ( 8 own1 & !n x is /ill call$ op9ion2 or x beg9ne? at "s say+ ( ano!r1 ( ^: ability to "k ! tru?1 & ( ^: hone/y 9 n deceiv+1 he d\bte? n2 & !n ! disc\rse is n s mu* conc]n+ ! ?+1 z ! p]son2 ,sid5ote3 ,belief4 ,fai?4 & ! resolution is call$ ,,belief1 & ,,fai?3 fai?1 9 ! man2 belief1 bo? ( ! man1 & ( ! tru? ( :at he says4 ,s t 9 belief are two op9ions2 "o ( ! say+ ( ! man2 ! o!r ( 8 virtue4 ,to h fai? 91 or tru/ to1 or believe a man1 signify ! same ?+2 namely1 an op9ion ( ! v]acity ( ! man3 b to believe :at is said1 signifie? only an op9ion ( ! tru? ( ! say+4 ,b we are to obs]ve t ?is phrase1 ,i believe 92 z also ! ,lat91 cr$o 92 & ! ,greek1 1 are nev] us$ b 9 ! writ+s ( div9es4 ,in/ead ( !m1 9 o!r writ+s are put1 ,i believe him2 ,i tru/ him2 ,i h fai? 9 him2 ,i rely on him3 & 9 ,lat91 cr$o illi3 fido illi3 & 9 ,greek1 3 & t ?is s+ul>ity ( ! ecclesia/ic use ( ! ^w ha? rais$ _m disputes ab\t ! "r object ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,b by believ+ 91 z x is 9 ! cre$1 is meant1 n tru/ 9 ! p]son2 b confession & ackn[l$gm5t ( ! doctr9e4 ,= n only ,*ri/ians1 b all mann] ( m5 d s believe 9 ,god1 z to hold all = tru? !y he> him say1 :e!r !y und]/& x1 or n2 :i* is all ! fai? & tru/ c possibly be _h 9 any p]son :atsoev]3 b !y d n all believe ! doctr9e ( ! cre$4 ,f :5ce we may inf]1 t :5 we believe any say+ :atsoev] x be1 to be true1 f argum5ts tak51 n f ! ?+ itself1 or f ! pr9ciples ( natural reason1 b f ! au?ority1 & good op9ion we h1 ( him t ha? said x2 !n is ! speak]1 or p]son we believe 91 or tru/ 91 & ^: ^w we take1 ! object ( our fai?2 & ! hon\r done 9 believ+1 is done to him only4 ,& consequ5tly1 :5 we believe t ! ,scriptures are ! ^w ( ,god1 hav+ no imm$iate revelation f ,god himself1 our belief1 fai?1 & tru/ is 9 ! *ur*2 ^: ^w we take1 & acquiesce !re94 ,& !y t believe t :i* a prophet relates unto !m 9 ! "n ( ,god1 take ! ^w ( ! prophet1 d hon\r to him1 & 9 him tru/1 & believe1 t\*+ ! tru? ( :at he relate?1 :e!r he be a true1 or a false prophet4 ,& s x is also ) all o!r hi/ory4 ,= if ,i %\ld n believe all t is writt5 by hi/orians1 ( ! glori\s acts ( ,alex&]1 or ,cs>2 ,i d n ?9k ! gho/ ( ,alex&]1 or ,cs>1 _h any j cause to be (f5d$2 or any body else1 b ! hi/orian4 ,if ,livy say ! ,gods made once a c[ speak1 & we believe x n2 we di/ru/ n ,god !re91 b ,livy4 ,s t x is evid5t1 t :atsoev] we believe1 ^u no o!r reason1 ?an :at is drawn f au?ority ( m5 only1 & _! writ+s2 :e!r !y be s5t f ,god or n1 is fai? 9 m5 only4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,( ,,! ,,virtues ,,commonly ,,call$ ,,intellectual2 ,,& ,,_! ,,contr>y ,,defects4 ,sid5ote3 ,intellectual virtue def9$4 ,,virtue g5]ally1 9 all sorts ( subjects1 is some:at t is valu$ = em95ce2 & consi/e? 9 comp>ison4 ,= if all ?+s 7 equal 9 all m51 no?+ w\ld be priz$4 ,& by virtues intellectual1 are always und]/ood su* abilities ( ! m9d1 z m5 praise1 value1 & desire %\ld be 9 !mselves2 & g commonly "u ! "n ( a good wit2 ?\gh ! same ^w wit1 be us$ also1 to di/+ui% "o c]ta9 ability f ! re/4 ,sid5ote3 ,wit1 natural1 or acquir$4 ,^! virtues are ( two sorts2 natural1 & acquir$4 ,by natural1 ,i mean n1 t :i* a man ha? f 8 bir?3 = t is no?+ else b s5se2 :]e9 m5 diff] s little "o f ano!r1 & f brute bea/s1 z x is n to be reckon$ among/ virtues4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural wit4 ,b ,i mean1 t wit1 :i* is gott5 by use only1 & exp]i5ce2 )\t me?od1 culture1 or in/ruction4 ,?is ,,natural ,,wit1 consi/e? pr9cipally 9 two ?+s2 cel]ity ( imag9+1 t is1 swift succession ( "o ?\ght to ano!r2 & /eady direction to "s approv$ end4 ,on ! contr>y a sl[ imag9ation1 make? t defect1 or fault ( ! m9d1 :i* is commonly call$ ,,dullness1 /upidity1 & sometimes by o!r names t signify sl[ness ( motion1 or difficulty to be mov$4 ,sid5ote3 ,good wit1 or fancy4 ,& ?is diff]5ce ( quickness1 is caus$ by ! diff]5ce ( m5's passions2 t love & dislike1 "s "o ?+1 "s ano!r3 & !re=e "s m5's ?\ghts run "o way1 "s ano!r2 & are held to1 & obs]ve diff]5tly ! ?+s t pass ?r\gh _! imag9ation4 ,& :]eas 9 ?is succession ( m5's ?\ghts1 !re is no?+ to obs]ve 9 ! ?+s !y ?9k on1 b ei!r 9 :at !y be l "o ano!r1 or 9 :at !y be unlike1 or :at !y s]ve =1 or h[ !y s]ve to su* a purpose2 ^? t obs]ve _! similitudes1 9 case !y be su* z are b r>ely obs]v$ by o!rs1 are said to h a good wit2 by :i*1 9 ?is occasion1 is meant a good fancy4 ,b !y t obs]ve _! diff]5ces1 & dissimilitudes2 :i* is call$ di/+ui%+1 & disc]n+1 ,sid5ote3 ,good judgm5t4 & judg+ betwe5 ?+ & ?+2 9 case1 su* disc]n+ be n easy1 are said to h a good judgm5t3 & p>ticul>ly 9 matt] ( conv]sation & bus9ess2 :]e91 times1 places1 & p]sons are to be disc]n$1 ,sid5ote3 ,discretion4 ?is virtue is call$ ,,discretion4 ,! =m]1 t is1 fancy1 )\t ! help ( judgm5t1 is n comm5d$ z a virtue3 b ! latt] :i* is judgm5t1 & discretion1 is comm5d$ = itself1 )\t ! help ( fancy4 ,besides ! discretion ( times1 places1 & p]sons1 necess>y to a good fancy1 !re is requir$ also an (t5 application ( 8 ?\ghts to _! end2 t is to say1 to "s use to be made ( !m4 ,?is done2 he t ha? ?is virtue1 w be easily fitt$ ) similitudes1 t w please1 n only by illu/rations ( 8 disc\rse1 & adorn+ x ) new & apt metaphors2 b also1 by ! r>ity ( _! inv5tion4 ,b )\t /ead9ess1 & direction to "s end1 a great fancy is "o k9d ( madness2 su* z !y h1 t ent]+ into any disc\rse1 are snat*$ f _! purpose1 by e ?+ t comes 9 _! ?\ght1 into s _m1 & s long digressions1 & p>5!ses1 t !y utt]ly lose !mselves3 :i* k9d ( folly1 ,i "k no p>ticul> "n =3 b ! cause ( x is1 sometimes want ( exp]i5ce2 :]eby t seeme? to a man new & r>e1 :i* do? n s to o!rs3 sometimes pusillanimity2 by :i* t seems great to him1 :i* o!r m5 ?9k a trifle3 & :atsoev] is new1 or great1 & !re=e ?\ght fit to be told1 )draws a man by degrees f ! int5d$ way ( 8 disc\rse4 ,9 a good poem1 :e!r x be epic1 or dramatic2 z also 9 sonnets1 epigrams1 & o!r pieces1 bo? judgm5t & fancy are requir$3 b ! fancy mu/ be m em95t2 because !y please = ! extravagancy2 b ought n to displease by indiscretion4 ,9 a good hi/ory1 ! judgm5t mu/ be em95t2 because ! goodness consi/e?1 9 ! me?od1 9 ! tru?1 & 9 ! *oice ( ! actions t are mo/ pr(itable to be kn[n4 ,fancy has no place1 b only 9 adorn+ ! /yle4 ,9 orations ( praise1 & 9 invectives1 ! fancy is pr$om9ant2 because ! design is n tru?1 b to hon\r or di%on\r2 :i* is done by noble1 or by vile comp>isons4 ,! judgm5t does b sugge/ :at circum/ances make an action laudable1 or culpable4 ,9 hortatives1 & plead+s1 z tru?1 or disguise s]ve? be/ to ! design 9 h&2 s is ! judgm5t1 or ! fancy mo/ requir$4 ,sid5ote3 ,discretion4 ,9 demon/ration1 9 c\nsel1 & all rigor\s se>* ( tru?1 judgm5t does all1 except sometimes ! und]/&+ h ne$ to be op5$ by "s apt similitude2 & !n !re is s mu* use ( fancy4 ,b = metaphors1 !y are 9 ?is case utt]ly exclud$4 ,= see+ !y op5ly pr(ess deceit2 to admit !m into c\nsel1 or reason+1 7 manife/ folly4 ,& 9 any disc\rse :atsoev]1 if ! defect ( discretion be app>5t1 h[ extravagant soev] ! fancy be1 ! :ole disc\rse w be tak5 = a sign ( want ( wit2 & s w x nev] :5 ! discretion is manife/1 ?\gh ! fancy be nev] s ord9>y4 ,! secret ?\ghts ( a man run ov] all ?+s1 holy1 pr(ane1 clean1 obsc5e1 grave1 & light1 )\t %ame1 or blame2 :i* v]bal disc\rse _c d1 f>!r ?an ! judgm5t %all approve ( ! "t1 place1 & p]sons4 ,an anatomi/1 or a physician may speak1 or write 8 judgm5t ( unclean ?+s2 because x is n to please1 b pr(it3 b = ano!r man to write 8 extravagant1 & pleasant fancies ( ! same1 is z if a man1 f be+ tumbl$ into ! dirt1 %\ld come & pres5t himself be=e good company4 ,& x is ! want ( discretion t makes ! diff]5ce4 ,aga91 9 pr(ess$ remissness ( m9d1 & famili> company1 a man may play ) ! s\nds1 & equivocal significations ( words2 & t _m times ) enc\nt]s ( extraord9>y fancy3 b 9 a s]mon1 or 9 public1 or be=e p]sons unkn[n1 or :om we ought to rev]5ce2 !re is no g+l+ ( words t w n be acc\nt$ folly3 & ! diff]5ce is only 9 ! want ( discretion4 ,s t :]e wit is want+1 x is n fancy t is want+1 b discretion4 ,judgm5t !re=e )\t fancy is wit1 b fancy )\t judgm5t1 n4 ,sid5ote3 ,prud5ce4 ,:5 ! ?\ghts ( a man1 t has a design 9 h&1 runn+ ov] a multitude ( ?+s1 obs]ves h[ !y conduce to t design2 or :at design !y may conduce unto2 if 8 obs]vations be su* z are n easy1 or usual1 ?is wit ( 8 is call$ ,,prud5ce2 & dep5ds on mu* exp]i5ce1 & memory ( ! l ?+s1 & _! consequ5ces h]et(ore4 ,9 :i* !re is n s mu* diff]5ce ( m52 z !re is 9 _! fancies & judgm5t2 because ! exp]i5ce ( m5 equal 9 age1 is n mu* unequal1 z to ! quantity2 b lies 9 diff]5t occasions2 e "o hav+ 8 private designs4 ,to gov]n well a family1 & a k+dom1 are n diff]5t degrees ( prud5ce2 b diff]5t sorts ( bus9ess2 no m ?an to draw a picture 9 little1 or z great1 or great] ?an ! life1 are diff]5t degrees ( art4 ,a pla9 husb&man is m prud5t 9 affairs ( 8 own h\se1 ?an a privy-c\ncillor 9 ! affairs ( ano!r man4 ,sid5ote3 ,craft4 ,to prud5ce1 if y add ! use ( unju/1 or di%one/ means1 su* z usually are prompt$ to m5 by fe>1 or want2 y h t crook$ wisdom1 :i* is call$ ,,craft2 :i* is a sign ( pusillanimity4 ,= magnanimity is contempt ( unju/1 or di%one/ helps4 ,& t :i* ! ,lat9s call v]sutia1 translat$ into ,engli%1 %ift+1 & is a putt+ (f ( a pres5t dang] or incommodity1 by engag+ into a great]1 z :5 a man robs "o to pay ano!r1 is b a %ort]-sight$ craft1 call$ v]sutia1 f v]sura1 :i* signifies tak+ money at usury = ! pres5t paym5t ( int]e/4 ,sid5ote3 ,acquir$ wit4 ,z = acquir$ wit1 ,i mean acquir$ by me?od & in/ruction1 !re is none b reason2 :i* is gr\nd$ on ! "r use ( spee*1 & produce? ! sci5ces4 ,b ( reason & sci5ce ,i h already spok51 9 ! fif? & six? *apt]s4 ,! causes ( ?is diff]5ce ( wits1 are 9 ! passions2 & ! diff]5ce ( passions proce$e?1 p>tly f ! diff]5t con/itution ( ! body1 & p>tly f diff]5t education4 ,= if ! diff]5ce proce$$ f ! temp] ( ! bra91 & ! organs ( s5se1 ei!r ext]ior or int]ior1 !re w\ld be no less diff]5ce ( m5 9 _! sight1 he>+1 or o!r s5ses1 ?an 9 _! fancies & discretions4 ,x proce$s !re=e f ! passions2 :i* are diff]5t1 n only f ! diff]5ce ( m5s' complexions2 b also f _! diff]5ce ( cu/oms1 & education4 ,! passions t mo/ ( all cause ! diff]5ce ( wit1 are pr9cipally1 ! m or less desire ( p[]1 ( ri*es1 ( k1 & ( hon\r4 ,all :i* may be r$uc$ to ! fir/1 t is1 desire ( p[]4 ,= ri*es1 k1 & hon\r1 are b sev]al sorts ( p[]4 ,& !re=e1 a man :o has no great passion = any ( ^! ?+s2 b is1 z m5 t]m x1 indiff]5t2 ?\gh he may be s f> a good man1 z to be free f giv+ (f5ce2 yet he _c possibly h ei!r a great fancy1 or mu* judgm5t4 ,= ! ?\ghts are to ! desires1 z sc\ts1 & spies1 to range abroad1 & f9d ! way to ! ?+s desir$3 all /ead9ess ( ! m9d's motion1 & all quickness ( ! same1 proce$+ f !nce3 = z to h no desire1 is to be dead3 ,sid5ote3 ,gidd9ess4 s to h weak passions1 is dullness2 & to h passions indiff]5tly = ev]y?+1 ,,gidd9ess1 & di/raction2 ,sid5ote3 ,madness4 & to h /rong] & m vehem5t passions = any?+1 ?an is ord9>ily se5 9 o!rs1 is t :i* m5 call ,,madness4 ,:]e( !re be almo/ z _m k9ds1 z ( ! passions !mselves4 ,sometimes ! extraord9>y & extravagant passion1 proce$e? f ! evil con/itution ( ! organs ( ! body1 or h>m done !m2 & sometimes ! hurt1 & indisposition ( ! organs1 is caus$ by ! vehem5ce1 or long cont9uance ( ! passion4 ,b 9 bo? cases ! madness is ( "o & ! same nature4 ,! passion1 ^: viol5ce1 or cont9uance1 make? madness1 is ei!r great va9-glory2 :i* is commonly call$ pride1 & self-conceit2 or great dejection ( m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,rage4 ,pride1 subjecte? a man to ang]1 ! excess :]e(1 is ! madness call$ ,,rage & ,,fury4 ,& ?us x comes to pass t excessive desire ( rev5ge1 :5 x becomes habitual1 hurte? ! organs1 & becomes rage3 t excessive love1 ) jeal\sy1 becomes also rage3 excessive op9ion ( a man's own self1 = div9e inspiration1 = wisdom1 le>n+1 =m & ! l1 becomes di/raction & gidd9ess3 ! same1 jo9$ ) envy1 rage3 vehem5t op9ion ( ! tru? ( any?+1 contradict$ by o!rs1 rage4 ,sid5ote3 ,melan*oly4 ,dejection subjects a man to causeless fe>s2 :i* is a madness1 commonly call$ ,,melan*oly2 app>5t also 9 div]s mann]s z 9 haunt+ ( solitudes & graves2 9 sup]/iti\s behavi\r2 & 9 fe>+1 "s "o1 "s ano!r p>ticul> ?+4 ,9 sum1 all passions t produce /range & unusual behavi\r1 are call$ by ! g5]al "n ( madness4 ,b ( ! sev]al k9ds ( madness1 he t w\ld take ! pa9s1 might enrol a legion4 ,sid5ote3 ,madness4 ,& if ! excesses be madness1 !re is no d\bt b ! passions !mselves1 :5 !y t5d to evil1 are degrees ( ! same4 ,= example1 ?\gh ! effect ( folly1 9 !m t are possess$ ( an op9ion ( be+ inspir$1 be n visible always 9 "o man1 by any v extravagant action1 t proce$e? f su* passion2 yet1 :5 _m ( !m conspire toge!r1 ! rage ( ! :ole multitude is visible en\gh4 ,= :at argum5t ( madness c !re be great]1 ?an to clam\r1 /rike1 & ?r[ /ones at our be/ fri5ds8 ,yet ?is is some:at less ?an su* a multitude w d4 ,= !y w clam\r1 fight aga9/1 & de/roy ^?1 by :om all _! lifetime be=e1 !y h be5 protect$1 & secur$ f injury4 ,& if ?is be madness 9 ! multitude1 x is ! same 9 e p>ticul> man4 ,= z 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea1 ?\gh a man p]ceive no s\nd ( t "p ( ! wat] next him1 yet he is well assur$1 t "p contributes z mu* to ! ro>+ ( ! sea1 z any o!r "p ( ! same quantity2 s also1 ?\gh we p]ceive no great unquietness 9 "o or two m51 yet we may be well assur$1 t _! s+ul> passions1 are p>ts ( ! s$iti\s ro>+ ( a tr\bl$ nation4 ,& if !re 7 no?+ else t bewray$ _! madness2 yet t v arrogat+ su* inspiration to !mselves1 is argum5t en\gh4 ,if "s man 9 ,b$lam %\ld ent]ta9 y ) sob] disc\rse2 & y desire 9 tak+ leave1 to "k :at he 71 t y might ano!r "t requite 8 civility2 & he %\ld tell y1 he 7 ,god ! ,fa!r2 ,i ?9k y ne$ expect no extravagant action = argum5t ( 8 madness4 ,?is op9ion ( inspiration1 call$ commonly1 private _s1 beg9s v (t51 f "s lucky f9d+ ( an error g5]ally held by o!rs2 & n kn[+1 or n rememb]+1 by :at conduct ( reason1 !y came to s s+ul> a tru?1 7z !y ?9k x1 ?\gh x be _m times an untru? !y light on7 !y pres5tly admire !mselves1 z be+ 9 ! special grace ( ,god ,almighty1 :o ha? reveal$ ! same to !m sup]naturally1 by 8 ,_s4 ,aga91 t madness is no?+ else1 b too mu* appe>+ passion1 may be ga!r$ out ( ! effects ( w9e1 :i* are ! same ) ^? ( ! evil disposition ( ! organs4 ,= ! v>iety ( behavi\r 9 m5 t h drunk too mu*1 is ! same ) t ( madm53 "s ( !m rag+1 o!rs lov+1 o!rs laugh+1 all extravagantly1 b accord+ to _! sev]al dom9e]+ passions3 = ! effect ( ! w9e1 does b remove dissimulation1 & take f !m ! sight ( ! de=mity ( _! passions4 ,=1 ,i believe1 ! mo/ sob] m51 :5 !y walk alone )\t c>e & employm5t ( ! m9d1 w\ld be unwill+ ! vanity & extravagance ( _! ?\ghts at t "t %\ld be publicly se52 :i* is a confession1 t passions unguid$1 are = ! mo/ "p m]e madness4 ,! op9ions ( ! _w1 bo? 9 anci5t & lat] ages1 conc]n+ ! cause ( madness1 h be5 two4 ,"s d]iv+ !m f ! passions2 "s1 f demons1 or spirits1 ei!r good or bad1 :i* !y ?\ght might ent] into a man1 possess him1 & move 8 organs 9 su* /range & unc\? mann]1 z madm5 use to d4 ,! =m] sort !re=e1 call$ su* m51 madm53 b ! latt]1 call$ !m sometimes demoniacs1 t is1 possess$ ) spirits2 sometimes enurgum5i1 t is1 agitat$ or mov$ ) spirits2 & n[ 9 ,italy !y are call$1 n only pazzi1 madm52 b also spiritati1 m5 possess$4 ,!re 0 once a great conflux ( p 9 ,abd]a1 a city ( ! ,greeks1 at ! act+ ( ! trag$y ( ,&rom$a1 ^u an extreme hot day2 :]eupon1 a great _m ( ! spectators fall+ into fev]s1 _h ?is accid5t f ! heat1 & f ! trag$y toge!r1 t !y did no?+ b pron\nce iambics1 ) ! names ( ,p]seus & ,&rom$a2 :i*1 toge!r ) ! fev]1 0 cur$ by ! com+ on ( w9t]2 & ?is madness 0 ?\ght to proce$ f ! passion impr9t$ by ! trag$y4 ,likewise !re reign$ a fit ( madness 9 ano!r ,grecian city1 :i* seiz$ only ! "y maid5s2 & caus$ _m ( !m to hang !mselves4 ,?is 0 by mo/ !n ?\ght an act ( ! ,devil4 ,b "o t suspect$1 t contempt ( life 9 !m1 might proce$ f "s passion ( ! m9d1 & suppos+ t !y did n contemn also _! hon\r1 gave c\nsel to ! magi/rates1 to /rip su* z s hang$ !mselves1 & let !m hang out nak$4 ,?is1 ! /ory says1 cur$ t madness4 ,b on ! o!r side1 ! same ,grecians1 did (t5 ascribe madness to ! op]ation ( ,eum5ides1 or ,furies2 & sometimes ( ,c]es1 ,phbus1 & o!r gods2 s mu* did m5 attribute to phantasms1 z to ?9k !m areal liv+ bodies2 & g5]ally to call !m spirits4 ,& z ! ,romans 9 ?is1 held ! same op9ion ) ! ,greeks1 s also did ! ,jews2 = !y call$ madm5 prophets1 or1 accord+ z !y ?\ght ! spirits good or bad1 demoniacs3 & "s ( !m call$ bo? prophets & demoniacs1 madm52 & "s call$ ! same man bo? demoniac1 & madman4 ,b = ! ,g5tiles x is no wond]1 because diseases & heal?1 vices & virtues1 & _m natural accid5ts1 7 ) !m t]m$1 & wor%ipp$ z demons4 ,s t a man 0 to und]/& by demon1 z well1 sometimes an ague1 z a devil4 ,b = ! ,jews to h su* op9ion1 is some:at /range4 ,= nei!r ,moses nor ,abraham pret5d$ to prophecy by possession ( a _s2 b f ! voice ( ,god2 or by a vision or dream3 nor is !re any?+ 9 8 law1 moral or c]emonial1 by :i* !y 7 taught1 !re 0 any su* en?usiasm1 or any possession4 ,:5 ,god is said1 7,numb4 xi4 #be7 to take f ! _s t 0 9 ,moses1 & give to ! sev5ty eld]s1 ! ,_s ( ,god 7tak+ x = ! sub/ance ( ,god7 is n divid$4 ,! ,scriptures1 by ! ,_s ( ,god 9 man1 mean a man's _s1 incl9$ to godl9ess4 ,& :]e x is said1 7,exod4 xxiii4 #h7 8:om ,i h fill$ ) ! _s ( wisdom to make g>m5ts = ,a>on10 is n meant a _s put into !m1 t c make g>m5ts1 b ! wisdom ( _! own spirits 9 t k9d ( "w4 ,9 ! l s5se1 ! _s ( man1 :5 x produce? unclean actions1 is ord9>ily call$ an unclean _s1 & s o!r spirits1 ?\gh n always1 yet z (t5 z ! virtue or vice s /yl$1 is extraord9>y1 & em95t4 ,nei!r did ! o!r prophets ( ! old ,te/am5t pret5d en?usiasm2 or1 t ,god spake 9 !m2 b to !m1 by voice1 vision1 or dream2 & ! bur!n ( ! ,"l 0 n possession1 b comm&4 ,h[ !n c\ld ! ,jews fall into ?is op9ion ( possession8 ,i c imag9e no reason1 b t :i* is common to all m52 namely1 ! want ( curiosity to se>* natural causes3 & _! plac+ felicity 9 ! acquisition ( ! gross pleasures ( ! s5ses1 & ! ?+s t mo/ imm$iately conduce !reto4 ,= !y t see any /range1 & unusual ability1 or defect1 9 a man's m9d2 unless !y see )al1 f :at cause x may probably proce$1 c h>dly ?9k x natural2 & if n natural1 !y mu/ ne$s ?9k x sup]natural2 & !n :at c x be1 b t ei!r ,god or ! ,devil is 9 him8 ,& h5ce x came to pass1 :5 our ,savi\r 7,m>k iii4 #ba7 0 compass$ ab\t ) ! multitude1 ^? ( ! h\se d\bt$ he 0 mad1 & w5t out to hold him3 b ! ,scribes said he _h ,beelzebub1 & t 0 x1 by :i* he ca/ out devils2 z if ! great] madman _h aw$ ! less]3 & t 7,john x4 #bj7 "s said1 he ha? a devil1 & is mad2 :]eas o!rs hold+ him = a prophet1 said1 ^! are n ! words ( "o t ha? a devil4 ,s 9 ! old ,te/am5t he t came to ano9t ,jehu1 7#b ,k+s ix4 #aa7 0 a prophet2 b "s ( ! company ask$ ,jehu1 :at came t madman =8 ,s t 9 sum1 x is manife/1 t :osoev] behav$ himself 9 extraord9>y mann]1 0 ?\ght by ! ,jews to be possess$ ei!r ) a good1 or evil _s2 except by ! ,sadducees1 :o err$ s f> on ! o!r h&1 z n to believe !re 7 at all any spirits1 :i* is v ne> to direct a!ism2 & !reby p]haps ! m provok$ o!rs1 to t]m su* m5 demoniacs1 r ?an madm54 ,b :y !n does our ,savi\r proce$ 9 ! cur+ ( !m1 z if !y 7 possess$2 & n z if !y 7 mad8 ,to :i* ,i c give no o!r k9d ( answ]1 b t :i* is giv5 to ^? t urge ! ,scripture 9 l mann] aga9/ ! op9ion ( ! motion ( ! e>?4 ,! ,scripture 0 writt5 to %ew unto m5 ! k+dom ( ,god1 & to prep>e _! m9ds to become 8 ob$i5t subjects2 leav+ ! _w1 & ! philosophy !re(1 to ! disputation ( m51 = ! ex]cis+ ( _! natural reason4 ,:e!r ! e>?'s1 or sun's motion make ! day1 & night2 or :e!r ! exorbitant actions ( m51 proce$ f passion1 or f ! devil1 s we wor%ip him n1 x is all "o1 z to our ob$i5ce1 & subjection to ,god ,almighty2 :i* is ! ?+ = :i* ! ,scripture 0 writt54 ,z = t our ,savi\r speake? to ! disease1 z to a p]son2 x is ! usual phrase ( all t cure by words only1 z ,*ri/ did1 & en*ant]s pret5d to d1 :e!r !y speak to a devil or n4 ,= is n ,*ri/ also said 7,matt4 viii4 #bf7 to h rebuk$ ! w9ds8 ,is n he said also 7,luke iv4 #ci7 to rebuke a fev]8 ,yet ?is does n argue t a fev] is a devil4 ,& :]eas _m ( ! devils are said to confess ,*ri/2 x is n necess>y to int]pret ^? places o!rwise1 ?an t ^? madm5 confess$ him4 ,& :]eas our ,savi\r 7,matt4 xii4 #dc7 speake? ( an unclean _s1 t hav+ gone out ( a man1 w&]e? ?r\gh dry places1 seek+ re/1 & f9d+ none1 & return+ into ! same man1 ) sev5 o!r spirits worse ?an himself2 x is manife/ly a p>able1 allud+ to a man1 t aft] a little endeav\r to quit 8 lu/s1 is vanqui%$ by ! /r5g? ( !m2 & becomes sev5 times worse ?an he 04 ,s t ,i see no?+ at all 9 ! ,scripture1 t require? a belief1 t demoniacs 7 any o!r ?+ b madm54 ,sid5ote3 ,insignificant spee*4 ,!re is yet ano!r fault 9 ! disc\rses ( "s m52 :i* may also be numb]$ among/ ! sorts ( madness2 namely1 t abuse ( words1 :]e( ,i h spok5 be=e 9 ! fif? *apt]1 by ! "n ( absurdity4 ,& t is1 :5 m5 speak su* words1 z put toge!r1 h 9 !m no signification at all2 b are fall5 ^u by "s1 ?r\gh misund]/&+ ( ! words !y h receiv$1 & repeat by rote2 by o!rs f int5tion to deceive by obscurity4 ,& ?is is incid5t to none b ^?1 t conv]se 9 que/ions ( matt]s incompreh5sible1 z ! ,s*ool-m52 or 9 que/ions ( ab/ruse philosophy4 ,! common sort ( m5 seldom speak insignificantly1 & are !re=e1 by ^? o!r egregi\s p]sons c\nt$ idiots4 ,b to be assur$ _! words are )\t any ?+ correspond5t to !m 9 ! m9d1 !re w\ld ne$ "s examples2 :i* if any man require1 let him take a ,s*ool-man 9 8 h&s & see if he c translate any "o *apt] conc]n+ any difficult po9t1 z ! ,tr9ity2 ! ,deity2 ! nature ( ,*ri/2 transub/antiation2 free-w1 c4 into any ( ! mod]n tongues1 s z to make ! same intelligible2 or into any tol]able ,lat91 su* z !y 7 acqua9t$ )al1 t liv$ :5 ! ,lat9 tongue 0 vulg>4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ^! words1 ,! fir/ cause does n necess>ily infl[ any ?+ into ! second1 by =ce ( ! ess5tial subord9ation ( ! second causes1 by :i* x may help x to "w8 ,!y are ! translation ( ! title ( ! six? *apt] ( ,su>ez' fir/ book1 ,( ! conc\rse1 motion1 & help ( ,god4 ,:5 m5 write :ole volumes ( su* /uff1 are !y n mad1 or int5d to make o!rs s8 ,& p>ticul>ly1 9 ! "q ( transub/antiation2 :]e aft] c]ta9 words spok52 !y t say1 ! :iteness1 r\ndness1 magnitude1 quality1 corruptibility1 all :i* are incorporeal1 c4 g out ( ! waf]1 into ! body ( our bless$ ,savi\r1 d !y n make ^? nesses1 tudes1 & ties1 to be s _m spirits possess+ 8 body8 ,= by spirits1 !y mean always ?+s1 t be+ incorporeal1 are nev]!less moveable f "o place to ano!r4 ,s t ?is k9d ( absurdity1 may rightly be numb]$ among/ ! _m sorts ( madness2 & all ! "t t guid$ by cle> ?\ghts ( _! worldly lu/1 !y =be> disput+1 or writ+ ?us1 b lucid int]vals4 ,& ?us mu* ( ! virtues & defects intellectual4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,( ,,! ,,sev]al ,,subjects ,,( ,,k4 ,sid5ote3 ,k4 ,!re are ( ,,k two k9ds2 :]e( "o is k ( fact3 ! o!r k ( ! consequ5ce ( "o affirmation to ano!r4 ,! =m] is no?+ else1 b s5se & memory1 & is absolute k2 z :5 we see a fact do+1 or rememb] x done3 & ?is is ! k requir$ 9 a witness4 ,! latt] is call$ sci5ce2 & is conditional2 z :5 we "k1 t1 if ! figure %[n be a circle1 !n any /raight l9e ?r\gh ! c5tre %all divide x into two equal p>ts4 ,& ?is is ! k requir$ 9 a philosoph]2 t is to say1 ( him t pret5ds to reason+4 ,! regi/] ( k ( fact is call$ hi/ory4 ,:]e( !re be two sorts3 "o call$ natural hi/ory2 :i* is ! hi/ory ( su* facts1 or effects ( nature1 z h no dep5d5ce on man's w2 su* z are ! hi/ories ( metals1 plants1 animals1 regions1 & ! l4 ,! o!r1 is civil hi/ory2 :i* is ! hi/ory ( ! volunt>y actions ( m5 9 commonweal?s4 ,! regi/]s ( sci5ce1 are su* books z conta9 ! demon/rations ( consequ5ces ( "o affirmation1 to ano!r2 & are commonly call$ books ( philosophy2 :]e( ! sorts are _m1 accord+ to ! div]sity ( ! matt]2 & may be divid$ 9 su* mann] z ,i h divid$ !m 9 ! foll[+ table4 ,consequ5ces f ! accid5ts common to all bodies natural2 :i* are quantity1 & motion4 ,consequ5ces ,consequ5ces f ! f ! qualities ( bodies accid5ts transi5t1 su* z ( bodies sometimes appe>1 natural2 sometimes vani%1 :i* is ,meteorology4 call$ ,,natural ,consequ5ces ,,philosophy4 ,physics or f ! consequ5ces qualities ( f ! />s4 qualities4 ,consequ5ces ( ! qualities f liquid ,,sci5ce1 ,consequ5ces bodies1 t is1 f ! t fill k ( qualities ( ! space consequ5ces2 bodies betwe5 ! :i* is p]man5t4 />s2 su* call$ also z are ! ,,philosophy4 air1 or sub/ances e!real4 ,consequ5ces f ! qualities ( bodies t]re/rial4 ,consequ5ces f ! #a4 ,( consequ5ces f ! in/itution accid5ts ( ( ,,commonweal?s1 to ! rights1 & politic duties ( ! body politic or bodies2 sov]eign4 :i* is call$ ,,politics1 #b4 ,( consequ5ces f ! same1 to ! & ,,civil duty & "r ( ! subjects4 ,,philosophy4 ,consequ5ces f quantity1 & motion indet]m9ate2 ,,philosophia :i* be+ ! pr9ciples or fir/ f\ndation ( ,,prima4 philosophy1 is call$ ,philosophia ,prima4 ,consequ5ces ,by ,figure4 ,,geometry4 f quanti- ,ma!matics4 ty & motion ,consequ5ces det]m9$4 ,by ,numb]4 ,,ari?metic4 f motion & quantity ,consequ5ces det]m9$4 ,consequ5ces f ! f ! motion & motion1 & quantity ( ,,a/ronomy4 quantity ( ! great] ,cosmography4 bodies 9 p>ts ( ! ,,geography4 special4 _w1 z ! e>? & />s4 ,consequ5ces f ! ,sci5ce ( motions ( ,me*anics4 ,,eng9e]s4 special ,doctr9e ( k9ds1 & weight4 ,,ar*itecture4 figures ( ,,navigation4 body4 ,,meteorology4 ,consequ5ces f ! light ( ! />s4 ,out ( ,,sciography4 ?is1 & ! motion ( ! sun1 is made ! sci5ce ( ,consequ5ces f ! influ5ces ( ! />s ,,a/rology4 ,consequ5ces ,consequ5ces f ! qualities ( f ! m9]als1 z /ones1 metals1 c4 p>ts ( ! e>?1 t are )\t s5se4 ,consequ5ces f ! qualities ( vegetables4 ,consequ5ces ,consequ5ces f vision ,,optics4 f ! ,consequ5ces f s\nds ,,music4 qualities ( animals ,consequ5ces f ! re/ ,consequ5ces 9 g5]al4 ( ! s5ses4 f ! qualities ( ,consequ5ces f ! ,,e?ics4 animals4 passions ( m5 ,9 magnify+1 ,,poetry4 ,consequ5ces vilify+1 c4 f ! ,consequ5ces ,9 p]suad+1 ,,rhetoric4 qualities ( f ,9 reason+1 ,,logic4 m5 9 spee*4 ,9 contract+1 ,! ,sci5ce special4 ( ,,j & ,,unju/4 ------- ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,( ,,p[]1 ,,wor?1 ,,dignity1 ,,hon\r1 ,,& ,,wor?9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,p[]4 ,! ,,p[] ( a man1 to take x univ]sally1 is 8 pres5t means2 to obta9 "s future app>5t good2 & is ei!r orig9al or in/rum5tal4 ,natural p[]1 is ! em95ce ( ! faculties ( body1 or m9d3 z extraord9>y /r5g?1 =m1 prud5ce1 arts1 eloqu5ce1 lib]ality1 nobility4 ,in/rum5tal are ^? p[]s1 :i* acquir$ by ^!1 or by =tune1 are means & in/rum5ts to acquire m3 z ri*es1 reputation1 fri5ds1 & ! secret work+ ( ,god1 :i* m5 call good luck4 ,= ! nature ( p[]1 is 9 ?is po9t1 l to fame1 increas+ z x proce$s2 or l ! motion ( heavy bodies1 :i* ! fur!r !y g1 make /ill ! m ha/e4 ,! greate/ ( human p[]s1 is t :i* is comp\nd$ ( ! p[]s ( mo/ m51 unit$ by cons5t1 9 "o p]son1 natural1 or civil1 t has ! use ( all _! p[]s dep5d+ on 8 w2 su* z is ! p[] ( a common-weal?3 or dep5d+ on ! wills ( ea* p>ticul>2 su* z is ! p[] ( a faction or ( div]s factions leagu$4 ,!re=e to h s]vants1 is p[]2 to h fri5ds1 is p[]3 = !y are /r5g?s unit$4 ,also ri*es jo9$ ) lib]ality1 is p[]2 because x procure? fri5ds1 & s]vants3 )\t lib]ality1 n s2 because 9 ?is case !y def5d n2 b expose m5 to envy1 z a prey4 ,reputation ( p[]1 is p[]2 because x drawe? ) x ! adh]5ce ( ^? t ne$ protection4 ,s is reputation ( love ( a man's c\ntry1 call$ popul>ity1 = ! same reason4 ,also1 :at quality soev] make? a man belov$1 or fe>$ ( _m2 or ! reputation ( su* quality1 is p[]2 because x is a means to h ! assi/ance1 & s]vice ( _m4 ,good success is p[]2 because x make? reputation ( wisdom1 or good =tune2 :i* makes m5 ei!r fe> him1 or rely on him4 ,affability ( m5 already 9 p[]1 is increase ( p[]2 because x ga9e? love4 ,reputation ( prud5ce 9 ! conduct ( peace or w>1 is p[]2 because to prud5t m51 we commit ! gov]nm5t ( ourselves1 m will+ly ?an to o!rs4 ,nobility is p[]1 n 9 all places1 b only 9 ^? commonweal?s1 :]e x has privileges3 = 9 su* privileges1 consi/e? _! p[]4 ,eloqu5ce is p[]1 because x is seem+ prud5ce4 ,=m is p[]2 because be+ a promise ( good1 x recomm5de? m5 to ! fav\r ( wom5 & /rang]s4 ,! sci5ces1 are small p[]2 because n em95t2 & !re=e1 n ackn[l$g$ 9 any man2 nor are at all1 b 9 a few1 & 9 !m1 b ( a few ?+s4 ,= sci5ce is ( t nature1 z none c und]/& x to be1 b su* z 9 a good measure h atta9$ x4 ,arts ( public use1 z =tification1 mak+ ( eng9es1 & o!r in/rum5ts ( w>2 because !y conf] to def5ce1 & victory1 are p[]3 & ?\gh ! true "m ( !m1 be sci5ce1 namely ! ma!matics2 yet1 because !y are br\ght into ! light1 by ! h& ( ! artific]1 !y be e/eem$1 ! midwife pass+ ) ! vulg> = ! "m1 z 8 issue4 ,sid5ote3 ,wor?4 ,! value1 or ,,wor? ( a man1 is z ( all o!r ?+s1 8 price2 t is to say1 s mu* z w\ld be giv5 = ! use ( 8 p[]3 & !re=e is n absolute2 b a ?+ dep5dant on ! ne$ & judgm5t ( ano!r4 ,an able conductor ( soldi]s1 is ( great price 9 "t ( w> pres5t1 or imm95t2 b 9 peace n s4 ,a le>n$ & uncorrupt judge1 is mu* wor? 9 "t ( peace2 b n s mu* 9 w>4 ,& z 9 o!r ?+s1 s 9 m51 n ! sell]1 b ! buy] det]m9es ! price4 ,= let a man1 z mo/ m5 d1 rate !mselves at ! highe/ value !y c2 yet _! true value is no m ?an x is e/eem$ by o!rs4 ,! manife/ation ( ! value we set on "o ano!r1 is t :i* is commonly call$ hon\r+1 & di%on\r+4 ,to value a man at a high rate1 is to hon\r him2 at a l[ rate1 is to di%on\r him4 ,b high1 & l[1 9 ?is case1 is to be und]/ood by comp>ison to ! rate t ea* man sette? on himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,dignity4 ,! public wor? ( a man1 :i* is ! value set on him by ! commonweal?1 is t :i* m5 commonly call ,,dignity4 ,& ?is value ( him by ! commonweal?1 is und]/ood1 by (fices ( comm&1 judicature1 public employm5t2 or by names & titles1 introduc$ = di/9ction ( su* value4 ,to pray to ano!r1 = aid ( any k9d1 is to ,,hon\r2 because a sign we h an op9ion he has p[] to help2 & ! m difficult ! aid is1 ! m is ! hon\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,to hon\r & di%on\r4 ,to obey1 is to hon\r1 because no man obeys !m1 :om !y ?9k h no p[] to help1 or hurt !m4 ,& consequ5tly to disobey1 is to di%on\r4 ,to give great gifts to a man1 is to hon\r him2 because x is buy+ ( protection1 & ackn[l$g+ ( p[]4 ,to give little gifts1 is to di%on\r2 because x is b alms1 & signifies an op9ion ( ! ne$ ( small helps4 ,to be s$ul\s 9 promot+ ano!r's good2 also to flatt]1 is to hon\r2 z a sign we seek 8 protection or aid4 ,to neglect1 is to di%on\r4 ,to give way1 or place to ano!r1 9 any commodity1 is to hon\r2 be+ a confession ( great] p[]4 ,to arrogate1 is to di%on\r4 ,to %[ any sign ( love1 or fe> ( ano!r1 is to hon\r2 = bo? to love1 & to fe>1 is to value4 ,to contemn1 or less to love or fe>1 ?an he expects1 is to di%on\r2 = x is und]valu+4 ,to praise1 magnify1 or call happy1 is to hon\r2 because no?+ b goodness1 p[]1 & felicity is valu$4 ,to revile1 mock1 or pity1 is to di%on\r4 ,to speak to ano!r ) consid]ation1 to appe> be=e him ) dec5cy1 & humility1 is to hon\r him2 z signs ( fe> to (f5d4 ,to speak to him ra%ly1 to d any ?+ be=e him obsc5ely1 slov5ly1 impud5tly1 is to di%on\r4 ,to believe1 to tru/1 to rely on ano!r1 is to hon\r him2 sign ( op9ion ( 8 virtue & p[]4 ,to di/ru/1 or n believe1 is to di%on\r4 ,to he>k5 to a man's c\nsel1 or disc\rse ( :at k9d soev] is to hon\r2 z a sign we ?9k him wise1 or eloqu5t1 or witty4 ,to sleep1 or g =?1 or talk ! :ile1 is to di%on\r4 ,to d ^? ?+s to ano!r1 :i* he takes = signs ( hon\r1 or :i* ! law or cu/om makes s1 is to hon\r2 because 9 approv+ ! hon\r done by o!rs1 he ackn[l$ge? ! p[] :i* o!rs ackn[l$ge4 ,to refuse to d !m1 is to di%on\r4 ,to agree ) 9 op9ion1 is to hon\r2 z be+ a sign ( approv+ 8 judgm5t1 & wisdom4 ,to diss5t1 is di%on\r1 & an upbraid+ ( error2 &1 if ! diss5t be 9 _m ?+s1 ( folly4 ,to imitate1 is to hon\r2 = x is vehem5tly to approve4 ,to imitate "o's enemy1 is to di%on\r4 ,to hon\r ^? ano!r hon\rs1 is to hon\r him2 z a sign ( approbation ( 8 judgm5t4 ,to hon\r 8 enemies1 is to di%on\r him4 ,to employ 9 c\nsel1 or 9 actions ( difficulty1 is to hon\r2 z a sign ( op9ion ( 8 wisdom1 or o!r p[]4 ,to d5y employm5t 9 ! same cases1 to ^? t seek x1 is to di%on\r4 ,all ^! ways ( hon\r+1 are natural2 & z well )91 z )\t commonweal?s4 ,b 9 commonweal?s1 :]e he1 or !y t h ! supreme au?ority1 c make :atsoev] !y please1 to /& = signs ( hon\r1 !re be o!r hon\rs4 ,a sov]eign do? hon\r a subject1 ) :atsoev] title1 or (fice1 or employm5t1 or action1 t he himself w h tak5 = a sign ( 8 w to hon\r him4 ,! k+ ( ,p]sia1 hon\r$ ,mordecai1 :5 he appo9t$ he %\ld be conduct$ ?r\gh ! /reets 9 ! k+'s g>m5t1 ^u "o ( ! k+'s horses1 ) a cr[n on 8 head1 & a pr9ce be=e him1 proclaim+1 ?us %all x be done to him t ! k+ w hon\r4 ,& yet ano!r k+ ( ,p]sia1 or ! same ano!r "t1 to "o t dem&$ = "s great s]vice1 to we> "o ( ! k+'s robes1 gave him leave s to d2 b ) ?is addition1 t he %\ld we> x z ! k+'s fool2 & !n x 0 di%on\r4 ,s t ( civil hon\r1 ! f\nta9 is 9 ! p]son ( ! commonweal?1 & dep5de? on ! w ( ! sov]eign2 & is !re=e tempor>y1 & call$ civil hon\r2 su* z magi/racy1 (fices1 titles2 & 9 "s places coats & scut*eons pa9t$3 & m5 hon\r su* z h !m1 z hav+ s _m signs ( fav\r 9 ! commonweal?2 :i* fav\r is p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,hon\rable4 ,hon\rable is :atsoev] possession1 action1 or quality1 is an argum5t & sign ( p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,di%on\rable4 ,& !re=e to be hon\r$1 lov$1 or fe>$ ( _m1 is hon\rable2 z argum5ts ( p[]4 ,to be hon\r$ ( few or none1 di%on\rable4 ,dom9ion1 & victory is hon\rable2 because acquir$ by p[]2 & s]vitude1 = ne$1 or fe>1 is di%on\rable4 ,good =tune1 if la/+1 hon\rable2 z a sign ( ! fav\r ( ,god4 ,ill =tune1 & losses1 di%on\rable4 ,ri*es1 are hon\rable2 = !y are p[]4 ,pov]ty1 di%on\rable4 ,magnanimity1 lib]ality1 hope1 c\rage1 confid5ce1 are hon\rable2 = !y proce$ f ! consci5ce ( p[]4 ,pusillanimity1 p>simony1 fe>1 diffid5ce1 are di%on\rable4 ,timely resolution1 or det]m9ation ( :at a man is to d1 is hon\rable2 z be+ ! contempt ( small difficulties1 & dang]s4 ,& irresolution1 di%on\rable2 z a sign ( too mu* valu+ ( little imp$im5ts1 & little advantages3 = :5 a man has weigh$ ?+s z long z ! "t p]mits1 & resolves n1 ! diff]5ce ( weight is b little2 & !re=e if he resolve n1 he ov]values little ?+s1 :i* is pusillanimity4 ,sid5ote3 ,hon\rable ,di%on\rable4 ,all actions1 & spee*es1 t proce$1 or seem to proce$1 f mu* exp]i5ce1 sci5ce1 discretion1 or wit1 are hon\rable2 = all ^! are p[]s4 ,actions1 or words t proce$ f error1 ignorance1 or folly1 di%on\rable4 ,gravity1 z f> =? z x seems to proce$ f a m9d employ$ on some?+ else1 is hon\rable2 because employm5t is a sign ( p[]4 ,b if x seem to proce$ f a purpose to appe> grave1 x is di%on\rable4 ,= ! gravity ( ! =m]1 is l ! /ead9ess ( a %ip lad5 ) m]*&ize2 b ( ! latt]1 l ! /ead9ess ( a %ip balla/$ ) s&1 & o!r tra%4 ,to be conspicu\s1 t is to say1 to be kn[n1 = weal?1 (fice1 great actions1 or any em95t good1 is hon\rable2 z a sign ( ! p[] = :i* he is conspicu\s4 ,on ! contr>y1 obscurity1 is di%on\rable4 ,to be desc5d$ f conspicu\s p>5ts1 is hon\rable2 because !y ! m easily atta9 ! aids1 & fri5ds ( _! ance/ors4 ,on ! contr>y1 to be desc5d$ f obscure p>5tage1 is di%on\rable4 ,actions proce$+ f equity1 jo9$ ) loss1 are hon\rable2 z signs ( magnanimity3 = magnanimity is a sign ( p[]4 ,on ! contr>y1 craft1 %ift+1 neglect ( equity1 is di%on\rable4 ,covet\sness ( great ri*es1 & ambition ( great hon\rs1 are hon\rable2 z signs ( p[] to obta9 !m4 ,covet\sness1 & ambition1 ( little ga9s1 or pref]m5ts1 is di%on\rable4 ,nor does x alt] ! case ( hon\r1 :e!r an action1 s x be great & difficult1 & consequ5tly a sign ( mu* p[]1 be j or unju/3 = hon\r consi/e? only 9 ! op9ion ( p[]4 ,!re=e ! anci5t hea!n did n ?9k !y di%on\r$1 b greatly hon\r$ ! ,gods1 :5 !y introduc$ !m 9 _! poems1 committ+ rapes1 !fts1 & o!r great1 b unju/1 or unclean acts3 insomu* z no?+ is s mu* celebrat$ 9 ,jupit]1 z 8 adult]ies2 nor 9 ,m]cury1 z 8 frauds1 & !fts3 ( ^: praises1 9 a hymn ( ,hom]1 ! greate/ is ?is1 t be+ born 9 ! morn+1 he _h inv5t$ music at noon1 & be=e night1 /ol5 away ! cattle ( ,apollo1 f 8 h]dsm54 ,also among/ m51 till !re 7 con/itut$ great commonweal?s1 x 0 ?\ght no di%on\r to be a pirate1 or a highway ?ief2 b r a lawful trade1 n only among/ ! ,greeks1 b also among/ all o!r nations2 z is manife/ by ! hi/ories ( anci5t "t4 ,& at ?is day1 9 ?is "p ( ! _w1 private duels are1 & always w be hon\rable1 ?\gh unlawful1 till su* "t z !re %all be hon\r orda9$ = !m t refuse1 & ignom9y = !m t make ! *all5ge4 ,= duels also are _m times effects ( c\rage2 & ! gr\nd ( c\rage is always /r5g? or skill1 :i* are p[]2 ?\gh = ! mo/ "p !y be effects ( ra% speak+1 & ( ! fe> ( di%on\r1 9 "o1 or bo? ! combatants2 :o engag$ by ra%ness1 are driv5 into ! li/s to avoid disgrace4 ,sid5ote3 ,coats ( arms4 ,scut*eons1 & coats ( arms h]$it>y1 :]e !y h any em95t privileges1 are hon\rable2 o!rwise n3 = _! p[] consi/e? ei!r 9 su* privileges1 or 9 ri*es1 or "s su* ?+ z is equally hon\r$ 9 o!r m54 ,?is k9d ( hon\r1 commonly call$ g5try1 ha? be5 d]iv$ f ! anci5t ,g]mans4 ,= !re nev] 0 any su* ?+ kn[n1 :]e ! ,g]man cu/oms 7 unkn[n4 ,nor is x n[ any :]e 9 use1 :]e ! ,g]mans h n inhabit$4 ,! anci5t ,greek comm&]s1 :5 !y w5t to w>1 _h _! %ields pa9t$ ) su* devices z !y pleas$2 insomu* z an unpa9t$ buckl] 0 a sign ( pov]ty1 & ( a common soldi]2 b !y transmitt$ n ! inh]itance ( !m4 ,! ,romans transmitt$ ! m>ks ( _! families3 b !y 7 ! images1 n ! devices ( _! ance/ors4 ,among/ ! p ( ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,am]ica1 !re is n1 nor 0 ev]1 any su* ?+4 ,! ,g]mans only _h t cu/om2 f :om x has be5 d]iv$ into ,engl&1 ,france1 ,spa91 & ,italy1 :5 9 great numb]s !y ei!r aid$ ! ,romans1 or made _! own conque/s 9 ^! we/]n p>ts ( ! _w4 ,= ,g]many1 be+ anci5tly1 z all o!r c\ntries1 9 _! beg9n+s1 divid$ among/ an inf9ite numb] ( little lords1 or ma/]s ( families1 t cont9ually _h w>s "o ) ano!r2 ^? ma/]s1 or lords1 pr9cipally to ! end !y might1 :5 !y 7 cov]$ ) arms1 be kn[n by _! foll[]s2 & p>tly = ornam5t1 bo? pa9t$ _! arm\r1 or _! scut*eon1 or coat1 ) ! picture ( "s bea/1 or o!r ?+2 & also put "s em95t & visible m>k ^u ! cre/ ( _! helmets4 ,& ?is ornam5t bo? ( ! arms1 & cre/1 desc5d$ by inh]itance to _! *ildr52 to ! elde/ pure1 & to ! re/ ) "s note ( div]sity1 su* z ! old ma/]1 t is to say 9 ,dut*1 ! ,"h-alt ?\ght fit4 ,b :5 _m su* families1 jo9$ toge!r1 made a great] mon>*y1 ?is duty ( ! ,h]ealt1 to di/+ui% scut*eons1 0 made a private (fice ap>t4 ,& ! issue ( ^! lords1 is ! great & anci5t g5try2 :i* = ! mo/ "p be> liv+ creatures1 not$ = c\rage1 & rap9e2 or ca/les1 battlem5ts1 belts1 weapons1 b>s1 palisadoes1 & o!r notes ( w>2 no?+ be+ !n 9 hon\r1 b virtue milit>y4 ,aft]w>ds1 n only k+s1 b popul> commonweal?s1 gave div]s mann]s ( scut*eons1 to su* z w5t =? to ! w>1 or return$ f x1 = enc\ragem5t1 or recomp5se to _! s]vice4 ,all :i*1 by an obs]v+ read]1 may be f\nd 9 su* anci5t hi/ories1 ,greek & ,lat91 z make m5tion ( ! ,g]man nation & mann]s1 9 _! times4 ,sid5ote3 ,titles ( hon\r4 ,titles ( hon\r1 su* z are duke1 c\nt1 m>quis1 & b>on1 are hon\rable2 z signify+ ! value set ^u !m by ! sov]eign p[] ( ! commonweal?3 :i* titles1 7 9 old "t titles ( (fice1 & comm&1 d]iv$ "s f ! ,romans1 "s f ! ,g]mans & ,fr5*3 dukes1 9 ,lat9 duces1 be+ g5]als 9 w>3 c\nts1 comites1 su* z be> ! g5]al company out ( fri5d%ip1 & 7 left to gov]n & def5d places conqu]$1 & pacifi$3 m>quises1 m>*iones1 7 c\nts t gov]n$ ! m>*es1 or b\nds ( ! empire4 ,:i* titles ( duke1 c\nt1 & m>quis1 came into ! empire1 ab\t ! "t ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 f ! cu/oms ( ! ,g]man militia4 ,b b>on1 seems to h be5 a title ( ! ,gauls1 & signifies a great man2 su* z 7 ! k+'s1 or pr9ce's m51 :om !y employ$ 9 w> ab\t _! p]sons2 & seems to be d]iv$ f vir1 to b]1 & b>1 t signifi$ ! same 9 ! language ( ! ,gauls1 t vir 9 ,lat92 & !nce to b]o1 & b>o3 s t su* m5 7 call$ b]ones1 & aft] b>ones2 &1 9 ,spani%1 v>ones4 ,b he t w\ld "k m p>ticul>ly ! orig9al ( titles ( hon\r1 may f9d x1 z ,i h done ?is1 9 ,mr4 ,seld5's mo/ excell5t treatise ( t subject4 ,9 process ( "t ^! (fices ( hon\r1 by occasion ( tr\ble1 & = reasons ( good & peaceable gov]nm5t1 7 turn$ into m]e titles2 s]v+ = ! mo/ "p1 to di/+ui% ! prec$5ce1 place1 & ord] ( subjects 9 ! commonweal?3 & m5 7 made dukes1 c\nts1 m>quises1 & b>ons ( places1 :]e9 !y _h nei!r possession1 nor comm&3 & o!r titles also1 7 devis$ to ! same end4 ,sid5ote3 ,wor?9ess4 ,,wor?9ess1 is a ?+ diff]5t f ! wor?1 or value ( a man2 & also f 8 m]it1 or des]t1 & consi/e? 9 a p>ticul> p[]1 or ability = t1 :]e( he is said to be wor?y3 ,sid5ote3 ,fitness4 :i* p>ticul> ability1 is usually nam$ ,,fitness1 or aptitude4 ,= he is wor?ie/ to be a comm&]1 to be a judge1 or to h any o!r *>ge1 t is be/ fitt$1 ) ! qualities requir$ to ! well dis*>g+ ( x2 & wor?ie/ ( ri*es1 t has ! qualities mo/ requisite = ! well us+ ( !m3 any ( :i* qualities be+ abs5t1 "o may nev]!less be a wor?y man1 & valuable = some?+ else4 ,aga91 a man may be wor?y ( ri*es1 (fice1 & employm5t1 t nev]!less1 c plead no "r to h x be=e ano!r2 & !re=e _c be said to m]it or des]ve x4 ,= m]it presuppose? a "r1 & t ! ?+ des]v$ is due by promise3 ( :i* ,i %all say m h]eaft]1 :5 ,i %all speak ( contracts4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5ce ,,( ,,mann]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at is "h meant by mann]s4 ,by ,,mann]s1 ,i mean n "h1 dec5cy ( behavi\r2 z h[ "o %\ld salute ano!r1 or h[ a man %\ld wa% 8 m\?1 or pick 8 tee? be=e company1 & su* o!r po9ts ( ! small morals2 b ^? qualities ( mank9d1 t conc]n _! liv+ toge!r 9 peace1 & unity4 ,to :i* end we are to consid]1 t ! felicity ( ?is life1 consi/e? n 9 ! repose ( a m9d satisfi$4 ,= !re is no su* f9is ultimus1 utmo/ aim1 nor summum bonum1 greate/ good1 z is spok5 ( 9 ! books ( ! old moral philosoph]s4 ,nor c a man any m live1 ^: desires are at an end1 ?an he1 ^: s5ses & imag9ations are at a /&4 ,felicity is a cont9ual progress ( ! desire1 f "o object to ano!r2 ! atta9+ ( ! =m]1 be+ /ill b ! way to ! latt]4 ,! cause :]e( is1 t ! object ( man's desire1 is n to enjoy once only1 & = "o in/ant ( "t2 b to assure = ev]1 ! way ( 8 future desire4 ,& !re=e ! volunt>y actions1 & incl9ations ( all m51 t5d1 n only to ! procur+1 b also to ! assur+ ( a cont5t$ life2 & diff] only 9 ! way3 :i* arise? p>tly f ! div]sity ( passions1 9 div]s m52 & p>tly f ! diff]5ce ( ! k1 or op9ion ea* "o has ( ! causes1 :i* produce ! effect desir$4 ,sid5ote3 ,a re/less desire ( p[] 9 all m54 ,s t 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i put = a g5]al incl9ation ( all mank9d1 a p]petual & re/less desire ( p[] aft] p[]1 t cease? only 9 dea?4 ,& ! cause ( ?is1 is n always t a man hopes = a m int5sive delight1 ?an he has already atta9$ to2 or t he _c be cont5t ) a mod]ate p[]3 b because he _c assure ! p[] & means to live well1 :i* he ha? pres5t1 )\t ! acquisition ( m4 ,& f h5ce x is1 t k+s1 ^: p[] is greate/1 turn _! endeav\rs to ! assur+ x at home by laws1 or abroad by w>s3 & :5 t is done1 !re succe$e? a new desire2 9 "s1 ( fame f new conque/2 9 o!rs1 ( ease & s5sual pleasure2 9 o!rs1 ( admiration1 or be+ flatt]$ = excell5ce 9 "s art1 or o!r ability ( ! m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,love ( cont5tion f competition4 ,competition ( ri*es1 hon\r1 comm&1 or o!r p[]1 incl9e? to cont5tion1 enmity1 & w>3 because ! way ( "o competitor1 to ! atta9+ ( 8 desire1 is to kill1 subdue1 supplant1 or repel ! o!r4 ,p>ticul>ly1 competition ( praise1 incl9e? to a rev]5ce ( antiquity4 ,= m5 cont5d ) ! liv+1 n ) ! dead2 to ^! ascrib+ m ?an due1 t !y may obscure ! glory ( ! o!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,civil ob$i5ce f love ( ease4 ,desire ( ease1 & s5sual delight1 dispose? m5 to obey a common p[]3 because by su* desires1 a man do? ab&on ! protection t might be hop$ = f 8 own indu/ry1 & lab\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,f fe> ( dea?1 or w\nds4 ,fe> ( dea?1 & w\nds1 dispose? to ! same2 & = ! same reason4 ,on ! contr>y1 ne$y m51 & h>dy1 n cont5t$ ) _! pres5t condition2 z also1 all m5 t are ambiti\s ( milit>y comm&1 are incl9$ to cont9ue ! causes ( w>2 & to /ir up tr\ble & s$ition3 = !re is no hon\r milit>y b by w>2 nor any su* hope to m5d an ill game1 z by caus+ a new %uffle4 ,sid5ote3 ,& f love ( arts4 ,desire ( k1 & arts ( peace1 incl9e? m5 to obey a common p[]3 = su* desire1 conta9e? a desire ( leisure2 & consequ5tly protection f "s o!r p[] ?an _! own4 ,sid5ote3 ,love ( virtue f love ( praise4 ,desire ( praise1 dispose? to laudable actions1 su* z please !m ^: judgm5t !y value2 = ( ^? m5 :om we contemn1 we contemn also ! praises4 ,desire ( fame aft] dea? does ! same4 ,& ?\gh aft] dea?1 !re be no s5se ( ! praise giv5 u on e>?1 z be+ joys1 t are ei!r swall[$ up 9 ! unspeakable joys ( ,heav51 or ext+ui%$ 9 ! extreme torm5ts ( hell3 yet is n su* fame va92 because m5 h a pres5t delight !re91 f ! =esight ( x1 & ( ! b5efit t may r$\nd !reby to _! po/]ity3 :i* ?\gh !y n[ see n1 yet !y imag9e2 & any?+ t is pleasure to ! s5se1 ! same also is pleasure 9 ! imag9ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,hate1 f difficulty ( requit+ great b5efits4 ,to h receiv$ f "o1 to :om we ?9k ourselves equal1 great] b5efits ?an !re is hope to requite1 dispose? to c\nt]feit love2 b really secret hatr$2 & puts a man into ! e/ate ( a desp]ate debtor1 t 9 decl9+ ! sight ( 8 cr$itor1 tacitly wi%es him !re1 :]e he might nev] see him m4 ,= b5efits oblige1 & obligation is ?raldom2 & unrequitable obligation p]petual ?raldom2 :i* is to "o's equal1 hateful4 ,b to h receiv$ b5efits f "o1 :om we ackn[l$ge = sup]ior1 incl9es to love2 because ! obligation is no new depression3 & *e]ful acceptation1 :i* m5 call gratitude1 is su* an hon\r done to ! oblig]1 z is tak5 g5]ally = retribution4 ,also to receive b5efits1 ?\gh f an equal1 or inf]ior1 z long z !re is hope ( requital1 dispose? to love3 = 9 ! int5tion ( ! receiv]1 ! obligation is ( aid & s]vice mutual2 f :5ce proce$e? an emulation ( :o %all exce$ 9 b5efit+2 ! mo/ noble & pr(itable cont5tion possible2 :]e9 ! victor is pleas$ ) 8 victory1 & ! o!r rev5g$ by confess+ x4 ,sid5ote3 ,& f consci5ce ( des]v+ to be hat$4 ,to h done m hurt to a man1 ?an he c1 or is will+ to expiate1 incl9e? ! do] to hate ! suff]]4 ,= he mu/ expect rev5ge1 or =giv5ess2 bo? :i* are hateful4 ,sid5ote3 ,promptness to hurt1 f fe>4 ,fe> ( oppression1 dispose? a man to anticipate1 or to seek aid by society3 = !re is no o!r way by :i* a man c secure 8 life & lib]ty4 ,sid5ote3 ,& f di/ru/ ( _! own wit4 ,m5 t di/ru/ _! own subtlety1 are1 9 tumult & s$ition1 bett] dispos$ = victory1 ?an !y t suppose !mselves wise1 or crafty4 ,= ^! love to consult1 ! o!r1 fe>+ to be circumv5t$1 to /rike fir/4 ,& 9 s$ition1 m5 be+ always 9 ! prec9cts ( battle1 to hold toge!r1 & use all advantages ( =ce1 is a bett] /ratagem1 ?an any t c proce$ f subtlety ( wit4 ,sid5ote3 ,va9 und]tak+ f va9-glory4 ,va9-glori\s m51 su* z )\t be+ consci\s to !mselves ( great suffici5cy1 delight 9 suppos+ !mselves gallant m51 are incl9$ only to o/5tation2 b n to attempt3 because :5 dang] or difficulty appe>s1 !y look = no?+ b to h _! insuffici5cy discov]$4 ,va9-glori\s m51 su* z e/imate _! suffici5cy by ! flatt]y ( o!r m51 or ! =tune ( "s prec$5t action1 )\t assur$ gr\nd ( hope f ! true k ( !mselves1 are incl9$ to ra% engag+2 & 9 ! approa* ( dang]1 or difficulty1 to retire if !y c3 because n see+ ! way ( safety1 !y w r haz>d _! hon\r1 :i* may be salv$ ) an excuse2 ?an _! lives1 = :i* no salve is suffici5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,ambition1 f op9ion ( suffici5cy4 ,m5 t h a /rong op9ion ( _! own wisdom 9 matt] ( gov]nm5t1 are dispos$ to ambition4 ,because )\t public employm5t 9 c\ncil or magi/racy1 ! hon\r ( _! wisdom is lo/4 ,& !re=e eloqu5t speak]s are incl9$ to ambition2 = eloqu5ce seeme? wisdom1 bo? to !mselves & o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,irresolution1 f too great valu+ ( small matt]s4 ,pusillanimity dispose? m5 to irresolution1 & consequ5tly to lose ! occasions1 & fitte/ opportunities ( action4 ,= aft] m5 h be5 9 delib]ation till ! "t ( action approa*1 if x be n !n manife/ :at is be/ to be done1 x is a sign1 ! diff]5ce ( motives1 ! "o way & ! o!r1 are n great3 !re=e n to resolve !n1 is to lose ! occasion by weigh+ ( trifles2 :i* is pusillanimity4 ,frugality1 ?\gh 9 poor m5 a virtue1 make? a man unapt to at*ieve su* actions1 z require ! /r5g? ( _m m5 at once3 = x weak5e? _! endeav\r1 :i* is to be n\ri%$ & kept 9 vig\r by rew>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,confid5ce 9 o!rs1 f ignorance ( ! m>ks ( wisdom & k9dness4 ,eloqu5ce1 ) flatt]y1 dispose? m5 to confide 9 !m t h x2 because ! =m] is seem+ wisdom1 ! latt] seem+ k9dness4 ,add to !m milit>y reputation1 & x dispose? m5 to adh]e1 & subject !mselves to ^? m5 t h !m4 ,! two =m] hav+ giv5 !m caution aga9/ dang] f him2 ! latt] gives !m caution aga9/ dang] f o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,& f ignorance ( natural causes4 ,want ( sci5ce1 t is1 ignorance ( causes1 dispose?1 or r con/ra9e? a man to rely on ! advice1 & au?ority ( o!rs4 ,= all m5 :om ! tru? conc]ns1 if !y rely n on _! own1 mu/ rely on ! op9ion ( "s o!r1 :om !y ?9k wis] ?an !mselves1 & see n :y he %\ld deceive !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,& f want ( und]/&+4 ,ignorance ( ! signification ( words1 :i* is want ( und]/&+1 dispose? m5 to take on tru/1 n only ! tru? !y "k n2 b also ! errors2 & :i* is m1 ! nons5se ( !m !y tru/3 = nei!r error nor nons5se1 c )\t a p]fect und]/&+ ( words1 be detect$4 ,f ! same x proce$e?1 t m5 give diff]5t names1 to "o & ! same ?+1 f ! diff]5ce ( _! own passions3 z !y t approve a private op9ion1 call x op9ion2 b !y t mislike x1 h]esy3 & yet h]esy signifies no m ?an private op9ion2 b has only a great] t9cture ( *ol]4 ,f ! same also x proce$e?1 t m5 _c di/+ui%1 )\t /udy & great und]/&+1 betwe5 "o action ( _m m51 & _m actions ( "o multitude2 z = example1 betwe5 "o action ( all ! s5ators ( ,rome 9 kill+ ,catal9e1 & ! _m actions ( a numb] ( s5ators 9 kill+ ,cs>2 & !re=e are dispos$ to take = ! action ( ! p1 t :i* is a multitude ( actions done by a multitude ( m51 l$ p]haps by ! p]suasion ( "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,adh]5ce to cu/om1 f ignorance ( ! nature ( "r & wrong4 ,ignorance ( ! causes1 & orig9al con/itution ( "r1 equity1 law1 & ju/ice1 dispose? a man to make cu/om & example ! rule ( 8 actions2 9 su* mann]1 z to ?9k t unju/ :i* x ha? be5 ! cu/om to puni%2 & t j1 ( ! impunity & approbation :]e( !y c produce an example1 or1 z ! lawy]s :i* only use ?is false measure ( ju/ice b>b>\sly call x1 a prec$5t2 l little *ildr51 t h no o!r rule ( good & evil mann]s1 b ! correction !y receive f _! p>5ts & ma/]s2 save t *ildr5 are con/ant to _! rule1 :]eas1 m5 are n s2 because gr[n old1 & /ubborn1 !y appeal f cu/om to reason1 & f reason to cu/om1 z x s]ves _! turn2 rec$+ f cu/om :5 _! int]e/ requires x1 & sett+ !mselves aga9/ reason1 z (t z reason is aga9/ !m3 :i* is ! cause1 t ! doctr9e ( "r & wrong1 is p]petually disput$1 bo? by ! p5 & ! sword3 :]eas ! doctr9e ( l9es1 & figures1 is n s2 because m5 c>e n1 9 t subject1 :at be tru?1 z a ?+ t crosses no man's ambition1 pr(it or lu/4 ,= ,i d\bt n1 b if x _h be5 a ?+ contr>y to any man's "r ( dom9ion1 or to ! int]e/ ( m5 t h dom9ion1 t ! ?ree angles ( a triangle1 %\ld be equal to two angles ( a squ>e2 t doctr9e %\ld h be51 if n disput$1 yet by ! burn+ ( all books ( geometry1 suppress$1 z f> z he :om x conc]n$ 0 able4 ,sid5ote3 ,adh]5ce to private m51 f ignorance ( ! causes ( peace4 ,ignorance ( remote causes1 dispose? m5 to attribute all ev5ts1 to ! causes imm$iate1 & in/rum5tal3 = ^! are all ! causes !y p]ceive4 ,& h5ce x comes to pass1 t 9 all places1 m5 t are griev$ ) paym5ts to ! public1 dis*>ge _! ang] ^u ! publicans1 t is to say1 f>m]s1 collectors1 & o!r (fic]s ( ! public rev5ue2 & adh]e to su* z f9d fault ) ! public gov]nm5t2 & !reby1 :5 !y h engag$ !mselves beyond hope ( ju/ification1 fall also ^u ! supreme au?ority1 = fe> ( puni%m5t1 or %ame ( receiv+ p>don4 ,sid5ote3 ,cr$ulity1 f ignorance ( nature4 ,ignorance ( natural causes1 dispose? a man to cr$ulity1 s z to believe _m times impossibilities3 = su* "k no?+ to ! contr>y1 b t !y may be true2 be+ unable to detect ! impossibility4 ,& cr$ulity1 because m5 l to be he>k5$ unto 9 company1 dispose? !m to ly+3 s t ignorance itself )\t malice1 is able to make a man bo? to believe lies1 & tell !m2 & sometimes also to inv5t !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,curiosity to "k1 f c>e ( future "t4 ,anxiety = ! future "t1 dispose? m5 to inquire into ! causes ( ?+s3 because ! k ( !m1 make? m5 ! bett] able to ord] ! pres5t to _! be/ advantage4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural religion f ! same4 ,curiosity1 or love ( ! k ( causes1 draws a man f ! consid]ation ( ! effect1 to seek ! cause2 & aga91 ! cause ( t cause2 till ( necessity he mu/ come to ?is ?\ght at la/1 t !re is "s cause1 :]e( !re is no =m] cause1 b is et]nal2 :i* is x m5 call ,god4 ,s t x is impossible to make any pr(\nd inquiry into natural causes1 )\t be+ incl9$ !reby to believe !re is "o ,god et]nal2 ?\gh !y _c h any idea ( him 9 _! m9d1 answ]able to 8 nature4 ,= z a man t is born bl9d1 he>+ m5 talk ( w>m+ !mselves by ! fire1 & be+ br\ght to w>m himself by ! same1 may easily conceive1 & assure himself1 !re is some:at !re1 :i* m5 call fire1 & is ! cause ( ! heat he feels2 b _c imag9e :at x is l2 nor h an idea ( x 9 8 m9d1 su* z !y h t see x3 s also by ! visible ?+s 9 ?is _w1 & _! admirable ord]1 a man may conceive !re is a cause ( !m1 :i* m5 call ,god2 & yet n h an idea1 or image ( him 9 8 m9d4 ,& !y t make little1 or no inquiry into ! natural causes ( ?+s1 yet f ! fe> t proce$s f ! ignorance itself1 ( :at x is t ha? ! p[] to d !m mu* good or h>m1 are incl9$ to suppose1 & feign unto !mselves1 sev]al k9ds ( p[]s invisible2 & to /& 9 awe ( _! own imag9ations2 & 9 "t ( di/ress to invoke !m2 z also 9 ! "t ( an expect$ good success1 to give !m ?anks2 mak+ ! creatures ( _! own fancy1 _! gods4 ,by :i* means x ha? come to pass1 t f ! innum]able v>iety ( fancy1 m5 h creat$ 9 ! _w innum]able sorts ( gods4 ,& ?is fe> ( ?+s invisible1 is ! natural se$ ( t1 :i* e "o 9 himself calle? religion2 & 9 !m t wor%ip1 or fe> t p[] o!rwise ?an !y d1 sup]/ition4 ,& ?is se$ ( religion1 hav+ be5 obs]v$ by _m2 "s ( ^? t h obs]v$ x1 h be5 incl9$ !reby to n\ri%1 dress1 & =m x into laws2 & to add to x ( _! own inv5tion1 any op9ion ( ! causes ( future ev5ts1 by :i* !y ?\ght !y %\ld be be/ able to gov]n o!rs1 & make unto !mselves ! greate/ use ( _! p[]s4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,( ,,religion4 ,sid5ote3 ,religion 9 man only4 ,see+ !re are no signs1 nor fruit ( religion1 b 9 man only2 !re x no cause to d\bt1 b t ! se$ ( religion1 is also only 9 man2 & consi/e? 9 "s peculi> quality1 or at lea/ 9 "s em95t degree !re(1 n to be f\nd 9 any o!r liv+ creatures4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/1 f 8 desire ( kn[+ causes4 ,& fir/1 x is peculi> to ! nature ( man1 to be inquisitive into ! causes ( ! ev5ts !y see1 "s m1 "s less2 b all m5 s mu*1 z to be curi\s 9 ! se>* ( ! causes ( _! own good & evil =tune4 ,sid5ote3 ,f ! consid]ation ( ! beg9n+ ( ?+s4 ,secondly1 ^u ! sight ( any?+ t ha? a beg9n+1 to ?9k also x _h a cause1 :i* det]m9$ ! same to beg91 !n :5 x did1 r ?an soon] or lat]4 ,sid5ote3 ,f 8 obs]vation ( ! sequel ( ?+s4 ,?irdly1 :]eas !re is no o!r felicity ( bea/s1 b ! enjoy+ ( _! quotidian food1 ease1 & lu/s2 z hav+ little or no =esight ( ! "t to come1 = want ( obs]vation1 & memory ( ! ord]1 consequ5ce1 & dep5d5ce ( ! ?+s !y see2 man obs]ve? h[ "o ev5t ha? be5 produc$ by ano!r2 & rememb]e? 9 !m antec$5ce & consequ5ce2 & :5 he _c assure himself ( ! true causes ( ?+s1 7= ! causes ( good & evil =tune = ! mo/ "p are invisible17 he supposes causes ( !m1 ei!r su* z 8 own fancy sugge/e?2 or tru/e? ! au?ority ( o!r m51 su* z he ?9ks to be 8 fri5ds1 & wis] ?an himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,! natural cause ( religion1 ! anxiety ( ! "t to come4 ,! two fir/1 make anxiety4 ,= be+ assur$ t !re be causes ( all ?+s t h arriv$ hi!rto1 or %all arrive h]eaft]2 x is impossible = a man1 :o cont9ually endeav\re? to secure himself aga9/ ! evil he fe>s1 & procure ! good he desire?1 n to be 9 a p]petual solicitude ( ! "t to come2 s t e man1 especially ^? t are ov] provid5t1 are 9 a /ate l to t ( ,prome!us4 ,= z ,prome!us1 :i* int]pret$1 is1 ! prud5t man1 0 b\nd to ! hill ,caucasus1 a place ( l>ge prospect1 :]e1 an eagle fe$+ on 8 liv]1 dev\r$ 9 ! day1 z mu* z 0 repair$ 9 ! night3 s t man1 :i* looks too f> be=e him1 9 ! c>e ( future "t1 ha? 8 he>t all ! day long1 gnaw$ on by fe> ( dea?1 pov]ty1 or o!r calamity2 & has no repose1 nor pause ( 8 anxiety1 b 9 sleep4 ,sid5ote3 ,:i* makes !m fe> ! p[] ( invisible ?+s4 ,?is p]petual fe>1 always accompany+ mank9d 9 ! ignorance ( causes1 z x 7 9 ! d>k1 mu/ ne$s h = object some?+4 ,& !re=e :5 !re is no?+ to be se51 !re is no?+ to accuse1 ei!r ( _! good1 or evil =tune1 b "s p[]1 or ag5t invisible3 9 :i* s5se p]haps x 01 t "s ( ! old poets said1 t ! gods 7 at fir/ creat$ by human fe>3 :i* spok5 ( ! gods1 t is to say1 ( ! _m gods ( ! ,g5tiles1 is v true4 ,b ! ackn[l$g+ ( "o ,god1 et]nal1 inf9ite1 & omnipot5t1 may m easily be d]iv$1 f ! desire m5 h to "k ! causes ( natural bodies1 & _! sev]al virtues1 & op]ations2 ?an f ! fe> ( :at 0 to befall !m 9 "t to come4 ,= he t f any effect he see? come to pass1 %\ld reason to ! next & imm$iate cause !re(1 & f !nce to ! cause ( t cause1 & plunge himself pr(\ndly 9 ! pursuit ( causes2 %all at la/ come to ?is1 t !re mu/ be1 z ev5 ! hea!n philosoph]s confess$1 "o fir/ mov]2 t is1 a fir/1 & an et]nal cause ( all ?+s2 :i* is t :i* m5 mean by ! "n ( ,god3 & all ?is )\t ?\ght ( _! =tune2 ! solicitude :]e(1 bo? incl9es to fe>1 & h9d]s !m f ! se>* ( ! causes ( o!r ?+s2 & !reby gives occasion ( feign+ ( z _m gods1 z !re be m5 t feign !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,& suppose !m incorporeal4 ,& = ! matt]1 or sub/ance ( ! invisible ag5ts1 s fanci$2 !y c\ld n by natural cogitation1 fall ^u any o!r conceit1 b t x 0 ! same ) t ( ! s\l ( man2 & t ! s\l ( man1 0 ( ! same sub/ance1 ) t :i* appe>e? 9 a dream1 to "o t sleepe?2 or 9 a look+-glass1 to "o t is awake2 :i*1 m5 n kn[+ t su* app>itions are no?+ else b creatures ( ! fancy1 ?9k to be real1 & ext]nal sub/ances2 & !re=e call !m gho/s2 z ! ,lat9s call$ !m imag9es1 & umbr2 & ?\ght !m spirits1 t is1 ?9 a]ial bodies2 & ^? invisible ag5ts1 :i* !y fe>$1 to be l !m2 save t !y appe>1 & vani% :5 !y please4 ,b ! op9ion t su* spirits 7 incorporeal1 or immat]ial1 c\ld nev] ent] into ! m9d ( any man by nature2 because1 ?\gh m5 may put toge!r words ( contradictory signification1 z _s1 & incorporeal2 yet !y c nev] h ! imag9ation ( any ?+ answ]+ to !m3 & !re=e1 m5 t by _! own m$itation1 arrive to ! ackn[l$gm5t ( "o inf9ite1 omnipot5t1 & et]nal ,god1 *ose r to confess he is incompreh5sible1 & above _! und]/&+1 ?an to def9e 8 nature by _s incorporeal1 & !n confess _! def9ition to be un9telligible3 or if !y give him su* a title1 x is n dogmatically1 ) int5tion to make ! div9e nature und]/ood2 b pi\sly1 to hon\r him ) attributes1 ( significations1 z remote z !y c f ! grossness ( bodies visible4 ,sid5ote3 ,b "k n ! way h[ !y effect any?+4 ,!n1 = ! way by :i* !y ?9k ^! invisible ag5ts wr\ght _! effects2 t is to say1 :at imm$iate causes !y us$1 9 br++ ?+s to pass1 m5 t "k n :at x is t we call caus+1 t is1 almo/ all m51 h no o!r rule to guess by1 b by obs]v+1 & rememb]+ :at !y h se5 to prec$e ! l effect at "s o!r "t1 or times be=e1 )\t see+ betwe5 ! antec$5t & subsequ5t ev5t1 any dep5d5ce or connexion at all3 & !re=e f ! l ?+s pa/1 !y expect ! l ?+s to come2 & hope = good or evil luck1 sup]/iti\sly1 f ?+s t h no "p at all 9 ! caus+ ( x3 z ! ,a!nians did = _! w> at ,lepanto1 dem& ano!r ,phormio2 ! ,pompeian faction = _! w> 9 ,africa1 ano!r ,scipio2 & o!rs h done 9 div]s o!r occasions s9ce4 ,9 l mann] !y attribute _! =tune to a /&] by1 to a lucky or unlucky place1 to words spok51 especially if ! "n ( ,god be among/ !m2 z *>m+ & conjur+1 ! liturgy ( wit*es2 insomu* z to believe1 !y h p[] to turn a /one into bread1 bread into a man1 or any ?+ into any ?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,b hon\r !m z !y hon\r m54 ,?irdly1 = ! wor%ip :i* naturally m5 exhibit to p[]s invisible1 x c be no o!r1 b su* expressions ( _! rev]5ce1 z !y w\ld use t[>ds m52 gifts1 petitions1 ?anks1 submission ( body1 consid]ate addresses1 sob] behavi\r1 prem$itat$ words1 swe>+1 t is1 assur+ "o ano!r ( _! promises1 by invok+ !m4 ,beyond t reason sugge/e? no?+2 b leaves !m ei!r to re/ !re2 or = fur!r c]emonies1 to rely on ^? !y believe to be wis] ?an !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,& attribute to !m all extraord9>y ev5ts4 ,la/ly1 conc]n+ h[ ^! invisible p[]s decl>e to m5 ! ?+s :i* %all h]eaft] come to pass1 especially conc]n+ _! good or evil =tune 9 g5]al1 or good or ill success 9 any p>ticul> und]tak+1 m5 are naturally at a /&2 save t us+ to conjecture ( ! "t to come1 by ! "t pa/1 !y are v apt1 n only to take casual ?+s1 aft] "o or two enc\nt]s1 = progno/ics ( ! l enc\nt] ev] aft]1 b also to believe ! l progno/ics f o!r m51 ( :om !y h once conceiv$ a good op9ion4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\r ?+s1 natural se$s ( religion4 ,& 9 ^! f\r ?+s1 op9ion ( gho/s1 ignorance ( second causes1 devotion t[>ds :at m5 fe>1 & tak+ ( ?+s casual = progno/ics1 consi/e? ! natural se$ ( religion2 :i* by reason ( ! diff]5t fancies1 judgm5ts1 & passions ( sev]al m51 ha? gr[n up into c]emonies s diff]5t1 t ^? :i* are us$ by "o man1 are = ! mo/ "p ridicul\s to ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,made diff]5t by culture4 ,= ^! se$s h receiv$ culture f two sorts ( m54 ,"o sort h be5 !y1 t h n\ri%$1 & ord]$ !m1 accord+ to _! own inv5tion4 ,! o!r h done x1 by ,god's comm&m5t1 & direction3 b bo? sorts h done x1 ) a purpose to make ^? m5 t reli$ on !m1 ! m apt to ob$i5ce1 laws1 peace1 *>ity1 & civil society4 ,s t ! religion ( ! =m] sort1 is a "p ( human politics2 & tea*e? "p ( ! duty :i* e>?ly k+s require ( _! subjects4 ,& ! religion ( ! latt] sort is div9e politics2 & conta9e? precepts to ^? t h yield$ !mselves subjects 9 ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,( ! =m] sort1 7 all ! f\nd]s ( common-weal?s1 & ! lawgiv]s ( ! ,g5tiles3 ( ! latt] sort1 7 ,abraham1 ,moses1 & our bless$ ,savi\r2 by :om h be5 d]iv$ unto u ! laws ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,! absurd op9ion ( ,g5tilism4 ,& = t "p ( religion1 :i* consi/e? 9 op9ions conc]n+ ! nature ( p[]s invisible1 !re is almo/ no?+ t has a "n1 t has n be5 e/eem$ among/ ! ,g5tiles1 9 "o place or ano!r1 a god1 or devil2 or by _! poets feign$ to be inanimat$1 inhabit$1 or possess$ by "s _s or o!r4 ,! un=m$ matt] ( ! _w1 0 a god1 by ! "n ( ,*aos4 ,! heav51 ! ocean1 ! planets1 ! fire1 ! e>?1 ! w9ds1 7 s _m gods4 ,sid5ote3 ,! absurd op9ion ( ,g5tilism4 ,m51 wom51 a bird1 a crocodile1 a calf1 a dog1 a snake1 an onion1 a leek1 7 deifi$4 ,besides t1 !y fill$ almo/ all places1 ) spirits call$ demons3 ! pla9s1 ) ,pan1 & ,panises1 or ,satyrs2 ! woods1 ) ,fawns1 & ,nymphs2 ! sea1 ) ,tritons1 & o!r ,nymphs2 e riv]1 & f\nta91 ) a gho/ ( 8 "n1 & ) ,nymphs2 e h\se ) its ,l>es1 or famili>s2 e man ) 8 ,g5ius2 hell ) gho/s1 & spiritual (fic]s1 z ,*>on1 ,c]b]us1 & ! ,furies2 & 9 ! night "t1 all places ) l>v1 lemures1 gho/s ( m5 deceas$1 & a :ole k+dom ( fairies & bugbe>s4 ,!y h also ascrib$ div9ity1 & built temples to me] accid5ts1 & qualities2 su* z are "t1 night1 day1 peace1 concord1 love1 cont5tion1 virtue1 hon\r1 heal?1 ru/1 fev]1 & ! l2 :i* :5 !y pray$ =1 or aga9/1 !y pray$ to1 z if !re 7 gho/s ( ^? names hang+ ov] _! heads1 & lett+ fall1 or )hold+ t good1 or evil1 =1 or aga9/ :i* !y pray$4 ,!y invok$ also _! own wit1 by ! "n ( ,muses2 _! own ignorance1 by ! "n ( ,=tune2 _! own lu/s by ! "n ( ,cupid2 _! own rage1 by ! "n ( ,furies2 _! own privy memb]s1 by ! "n ( ,priapus2 & attribut$ _! pollutions1 to ,incubi1 & ,succub3 insomu* z !re 0 no?+1 :i* a poet c\ld introduce z a p]son 9 8 poem1 :i* !y did n make ei!r a god1 or a devil4 ,! same au?ors ( ! religion ( ! ,g5tiles1 obs]v+ ! second gr\nd = religion1 :i* is m5's ignorance ( causes2 & !reby _! aptness to attribute _! =tune to causes1 on :i* !re 0 no dep5d5ce at all app>5t1 took occasion to obtrude on _! ignorance1 in/ead ( second causes1 a k9d ( second & m9i/]ial gods2 ascrib+ ! cause ( fecundity1 to ,v5us2 ! cause ( arts1 to ,apollo2 ( subtlety & craft1 to ,m]cury2 ( tempe/s & /orms1 to olus2 & ( o!r effects1 to o!r gods2 insomu* z !re 0 among/ ! hea!n almo/ z great v>iety ( gods1 z ( bus9ess4 ,& to ! wor%ip1 :i* naturally m5 conceiv$ fit to be us$ t[>ds _! gods1 namely1 oblations1 pray]s1 ?anks1 & ! re/ =m]ly nam$2 ! same legislators ( ! ,g5tiles h add$ _! images1 bo? 9 picture1 & sculpture2 t ! m ignorant sort1 t is to say1 ! mo/ "p or g5]ality ( ! p1 ?9k+ ! gods = ^: repres5tation !y 7 made1 7 really includ$1 & z x 7 h\s$ )9 !m1 might s mu* ! m /& 9 fe> ( !m3 & end[$ !m ) l&s1 & h\ses1 & (fic]s1 & rev5ues1 set ap>t f all o!r human uses2 t is1 consecrat$1 & made holy to ^? _! idols2 z cav]ns1 groves1 woods1 m\nta9s1 & :ole isl&s2 & h attribut$ to !m1 n only ! %apes1 "s ( m51 "s ( bea/s1 "s ( mon/]s2 b also ! faculties1 & passions ( m5 & bea/s3 z s5se1 spee*1 sex1 lu/1 g5]ation1 & ?is n only by mix+ "o ) ano!r1 to propagate ! k9d ( gods2 b also by mix+ ) m51 & wom51 to beget mongrel gods1 & b inmates ( heav51 z ,bac*us1 ,h]cules1 & o!rs2 besides ang]1 rev5ge1 & o!r passions ( liv+ creatures1 & ! actions proce$+ f !m1 z fraud1 !ft1 adult]y1 sodomy1 & any vice t may be tak5 = an effect ( p[]1 or a cause ( pleasure2 & all su* vices1 z among/ m5 are tak5 to be aga9/ law1 r ?an aga9/ hon\r4 ,la/ly1 to ! progno/ics ( "t to come2 :i* are naturally1 b conjectures ^u exp]i5ce ( "t pa/2 & sup]naturally1 div9e revelation2 ! same au?ors ( ! religion ( ! ,g5tiles1 p>tly ^u pret5d$ exp]i5ce1 p>tly ^u pret5d$ revelation1 h add$ innum]able o!r sup]/iti\s ways ( div9ation2 & made m5 believe !y %\ld f9d _! =tunes1 sometimes 9 ! ambigu\s or s5seless answ]s ( ! prie/s at ,delphi1 ,delos1 ,ammon1 & o!r fam\s oracles2 :i* answ]s1 7 made ambigu\s by design1 to own ! ev5t bo? ways2 or absurd1 by ! intoxicat+ vap\r ( ! place1 :i* is v frequ5t 9 sulphur\s cav]ns3 sometimes 9 ! leaves ( ! ,sybils2 ( ^: prophecies1 l ^? p]haps ( ,no/radamus 7= ! fragm5ts n[ extant seem to be ! inv5tion ( lat] times71 !re 7 "s books 9 reputation 9 ! "t ( ! ,roman republic3 sometimes 9 ! insignificant spee*es ( madm51 suppos$ to be possess$ ) a div9e _s1 :i* possession !y call$ en?usiasm2 & ^! k9ds ( =etell+ ev5ts1 7 acc\nt$ !omancy1 or prophecy3 sometimes 9 ! aspect ( ! />s at _! nativity2 :i* 0 call$ horoscopy1 & e/eem$ a "p ( judici>y a/rology3 sometimes 9 _! own hopes & fe>s1 call$ ?umomancy1 or presage3 sometimes 9 ! pr$iction ( wit*es1 t pret5d$ conf]5ce ) ! dead2 :i* is call$ necromancy1 conjur+1 & wit*craft2 & is b juggl+ & conf$]ate knav]y3 sometimes 9 ! casual flight1 or fe$+ ( birds2 call$ augury3 sometimes 9 ! entrails ( a sacrific$ bea/2 :i* 0 aruspic9a3 sometimes 9 dreams3 sometimes 9 croak+ ( rav5s1 or *att]+ ( birds3 sometimes 9 ! l9eam5ts ( ! face2 :i* 0 call$ metoposcopy2 or by palmi/ry 9 ! l9es ( ! h&2 9 casual words1 call$ om9a3 sometimes 9 mon/]s1 or unusual accid5ts2 z eclipses1 comets1 r>e meteors1 e>?quakes1 inundations1 unc\? bir?s1 & ! l1 :i* !y call$ port5ta1 & o/5ta1 because !y ?\ght !m to port5d1 or =e%[ "s great calamity to come2 sometimes1 9 m]e lott]y1 z cross & pile2 c\nt+ holes 9 a sieve2 dipp+ ( v]ses 9 ,hom]1 & ,virgil2 & innum]able o!r su* va9 conceits4 ,s easy are m5 to be drawn to believe any ?+1 f su* m5 z h gott5 cr$it ) !m2 & c ) g5tl5ess1 & dext]ity1 take hold ( _! fe>1 & ignorance4 ,sid5ote3 ,! designs ( ! au?ors ( ! religion ( ! hea!n4 ,& !re=e ! fir/ f\nd]s1 & legislators ( commonweal?s among ! ,g5tiles1 ^: ends 7 only to keep ! p 9 ob$i5ce1 & peace1 h 9 all places tak5 c>e2 fir/1 to impr9t 9 _! m9ds a belief1 t ^? precepts :i* !y gave conc]n+ religion1 might n be ?\ght to proce$ f _! own device1 b f ! dictates ( "s god1 or o!r _s2 or else t !y !mselves 7 ( a high] nature ?an m]e mortals1 t _! laws might ! m easily be receiv$3 s ,numa ,pompilius pret5d$ to receive ! c]emonies he in/itut$ among/ ! ,romans1 f ! nymph ,eg]ia3 & ! fir/ k+ & f\nd] ( ! k+dom ( ,p]u1 pret5d$ himself & 8 wife to be ! *ildr5 ( ! ,sun2 & ,mahomet1 to set up 8 new religion1 pret5d$ to h conf]5ces ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 9 =m ( a dove4 ,secondly1 !y h _h a c>e1 to make x believ$1 t ! same ?+s 7 displeas+ to ! gods1 :i* 7 =bidd5 by ! laws4 ,?irdly1 to prescribe c]emonies1 supplications1 sacrifices1 & fe/ivals1 by :i* !y 7 to believe1 ! ang] ( ! gods might be appeas$2 & t ill success 9 w>1 great contagions ( sickness1 e>?quakes1 & ea* man's private mis]y1 came f ! ang] ( ! gods1 & _! ang] f ! neglect ( _! wor%ip1 or ! =gett+1 or mi/ak+ "s po9t ( ! c]emonies requir$4 ,& ?\gh among/ ! anci5t ,romans1 m5 7 n =bidd5 to d5y1 t :i* 9 ! poets is writt5 ( ! pa9s1 & pleasures aft] ?is life3 :i* div]s ( great au?ority1 & gravity 9 t /ate h 9 _! h>angues op5ly d]id$2 yet t belief 0 always m *]i%$1 ?an ! contr>y4 ,& by ^!1 & su* o!r in/itutions1 !y obta9$ 9 ord] to _! end1 :i* 0 ! peace ( ! commonweal?1 t ! common p 9 _! mis=tunes1 lay+ ! fault on neglect1 or error 9 _! c]emonies1 or on _! own disob$i5ce to ! laws1 7 ! less apt to mut9y aga9/ _! gov]nors2 & be+ ent]ta9$ ) ! pomp1 & pa/ime ( fe/ivals1 & public games1 made 9 hon\r ( ! gods1 ne$$ no?+ else b bread to keep !m f discont5t1 murmur+1 & commotion aga9/ ! /ate4 ,& !re=e ! ,romans1 t _h conqu]$ ! greate/ "p ( ! !n kn[n _w1 made no scruple ( tol]at+ any religion :atsoev] 9 ! city ( ,rome itself2 unless x _h some?+ 9 x1 t c\ld n consi/ ) _! civil gov]nm5t2 nor d we read1 t any religion 0 !re =bidd51 b t ( ! ,jews2 :o1 be+ ! peculi> k+dom ( ,god1 ?\ght x unlawful to ackn[l$ge subjection to any mortal k+ or /ate :atsoev]4 ,& ?us y see h[ ! religion ( ! ,g5tiles 0 a "p ( _! policy4 ,sid5ote3 ,! true religion & ! laws ( ,god's k+dom ! same4 ,b :]e ,god himself1 by sup]natural revelation1 plant$ religion2 !re he also made to himself a peculi> k+dom3 & gave laws1 n only ( behavi\r t[>ds himself1 b also t[>ds "o ano!r2 & !reby 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 ! policy1 & laws civil1 are a "p ( religion2 & !re=e ! di/9ction ( temporal1 & spiritual dom9ation1 ha? !re no place4 ,x is true1 t ,god is k+ ( all ! e>?3 yet may he be k+ ( a peculi>1 & *os5 nation4 ,= !re is no m incongruity !re91 ?an t he t ha? ! g5]al comm& ( ! :ole army1 %\ld h )al a peculi> regim5t1 or company ( 8 own4 ,god is k+ ( all ! e>? by 8 p[]3 b ( 8 *os5 p1 he is k+ by cov5ant4 ,b to speak m l>gely ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 bo? by nature1 & cov5ant1 ,i h 9 ! foll[+ disc\rse assign$ ano!r place 7*apt] ,,xxxv47 ,f ! propagation ( religion1 x is n h>d to und]/& ! causes ( ! resolution ( ! same into its fir/ se$s1 or pr9ciples2 :i* are only an op9ion ( a deity1 & p[]s invisible1 & sup]natural2 t c nev] be s aboli%$ out ( human nature1 b t new religions may aga9 be made to spr+ out ( !m1 by ! culture ( su* m51 z = su* purpose are 9 reputation4 ,sid5ote3 ,! causes ( *ange 9 religion4 ,= see+ all =m$ religion1 is f\nd$ at fir/1 ^u ! fai? :i* a multitude ha? 9 "s "o p]son1 :om !y believe n only to be a wise man1 & to lab\r to procure _! happ9ess1 b also to be a holy man1 to :om ,god himself v\*safe? to decl>e 8 w sup]naturally2 x foll[e? necess>ily1 :5 !y t h ! gov]nm5t ( religion1 %all come to h ei!r ! wisdom ( ^? m51 _! s9c]ity1 or _! love suspect$2 or :5 !y %all be unable to %[ any probable tok5 ( div9e revelation2 t ! religion :i* !y desire to uphold1 mu/ be suspect$ likewise2 &1 )\t ! fe> ( ! civil sword1 contradict$ & reject$4 ,sid5ote3 ,enjo9+ belief ( impossibilities4 ,t :i* take? away ! reputation ( wisdom1 9 him t =me? a religion1 or adde? to x :5 x is already =m$1 is ! enjo9+ ( a belief ( contradictories3 = bo? p>ts ( a contradiction _c possibly be true3 & !re=e to enjo9 ! belief ( !m1 is an argum5t ( ignorance2 :i* detects ! au?or 9 t2 & discr$its him 9 all ?+s else he %all prop\nd z f revelation sup]natural3 :i* revelation a man may inde$ h ( _m ?+s above1 b ( no?+ aga9/ natural reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,do+ contr>y to ! religion !y e/abli%4 ,t :i* take? away ! reputation ( s9c]ity1 is ! do+ or say+ ( su* ?+s1 z appe> to be signs1 t :at !y require o!r m5 to believe1 is n believ$ by !mselves2 all :i* do+s1 or say+s are !re=e call$ sc&al\s1 because !y be /umbl+ blocks1 t make m5 to fall 9 ! way ( religion2 z inju/ice1 cruelty1 pr(an5ess1 av>ice1 & luxury4 ,= :o c believe1 t he t do? ord9>ily su* actions z proce$ f any ( ^! roots1 believe? !re is any su* invisible p[] to be fe>$1 z he affrighte? o!r m5 )al1 = less] faults8 ,t :i* take? away ! reputation ( love1 is ! be+ detect$ ( private ends3 z :5 ! belief !y require ( o!rs1 conduce? or seeme? to conduce to ! acquir+ ( dom9ion1 ri*es1 dignity1 or secure pleasure1 to !mselves only1 or specially4 ,= t :i* m5 reap b5efit by to !mselves1 !y are ?\ght to d = _! own sakes1 & n = love ( o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,want ( ! te/imony ( miracles4 ,la/ly1 ! te/imony t m5 c r5d] ( div9e call+1 c be no o!r1 ?an ! op]ation ( miracles2 or true prophecy1 :i* also is a miracle2 or extraord9>y felicity4 ,& !re=e1 to ^? po9ts ( religion1 :i* h be5 receiv$ f !m t did su* miracles2 ^? t are add$ by su*1 z approve n _! call+ by "s miracle1 obta9 no great] belief1 ?an :at ! cu/om & laws ( ! places1 9 :i* !y be educat$1 h wr\ght into !m4 ,= z 9 natural ?+s1 m5 ( judgm5t require natural signs1 & argum5ts2 s 9 sup]natural ?+s1 !y require signs sup]natural1 :i* are miracles1 be=e !y cons5t inw>dly1 & f _! he>ts4 ,all :i* causes ( ! weak5+ ( m5's fai?1 d manife/ly appe> 9 ! examples foll[+4 ,fir/1 we h ! example ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel2 :o :5 ,moses1 t _h approv$ 8 call+ to !m by miracles1 & by ! happy conduct ( !m out ( ,egypt1 0 abs5t b =ty days1 revolt$ f ! wor%ip ( ! true ,god1 recomm5d$ to !m by him2 & sett+ up 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #a1 #b7 a gold5 calf = _! god1 relaps$ into ! idolatry ( ! ,egyptians2 f :om !y _h be5 s lately deliv]$4 ,& aga91 aft] ,moses1 ,a>on1 ,jo%ua1 & t g5]ation :i* _h se5 ! great works ( ,god 9 ,israel1 7,judges ii4 #aa7 7 dead2 ano!r g5]ation arose1 & s]v$ ,baal4 ,s t miracles fail+1 fai? also fail$4 ,aga91 :5 ! sons ( ,samuel1 7#a ,sam4 viii4 #c7 be+ con/itut$ by _! fa!r judges 9 ,b]sabee1 receiv$ bribes1 & judg$ unju/ly1 ! p ( ,israel refus$ any m to h ,god to be _! k+1 9 o!r mann] ?an he 0 k+ ( o!r p2 & !re=e cri$ out to ,samuel1 to *oose !m a k+ aft] ! mann] ( ! nations4 ,s t ju/ice fail+1 fai? also fail$3 insomu*1 z !y depos$ _! ,god1 f reign+ ov] !m4 ,& :]eas 9 ! plant+ ( ,*ri/ian religion1 ! oracles ceas$ 9 all p>ts ( ! ,roman empire1 & ! numb] ( ,*ri/ians increas$ wond]fully e day1 & 9 e place1 by ! prea*+ ( ! ,apo/les1 & ,evangeli/s2 a great "p ( t success1 may reasonably be attribut$1 to ! contempt1 into :i* ! prie/s ( ! ,g5tiles ( t "t1 _h br\ght !mselves1 by _! uncleanness1 av>ice1 & juggl+ betwe5 pr9ces4 ,also ! religion ( ! *ur* ( ,rome1 0 p>tly1 = ! same cause aboli%$ 9 ,engl&1 & _m o!r p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom2 insomu*1 z ! fail+ ( virtue 9 ! pa/ors1 make? fai? fail 9 ! p3 & p>tly f br++ ( ! philosophy1 & doctr9e ( ,ari/otle into religion1 by ! ,s*oolm52 f :5ce !re arose s _m contradictions1 & absurdities1 z br\ght ! cl]gy into a reputation bo? ( ignorance1 & ( fraudul5t int5tion2 & incl9$ p to revolt f !m1 ei!r aga9/ ! w ( _! own pr9ces1 z 9 ,france & ,holl&2 or ) _! w1 z 9 ,engl&4 ,la/ly1 among/ ! po9ts by ! *ur* ( ,rome decl>$ necess>y = salvation1 !re be s _m1 manife/ly to ! advantage ( ! ,pope1 & ( 8 spiritual subjects1 resid+ 9 ! t]ritories ( o!r ,*ri/ian pr9ces1 t 7 x n = ! mutual emulation ( ^? pr9ces1 !y might )\t w>1 or tr\ble1 exclude all =eign au?ority1 z easily z x has be5 exclud$ 9 ,engl&4 ,= :o is !re t does n see1 to ^: b5efit x conduce?1 to h x believ$1 t a k+ ha? n 8 au?ority f ,*ri/1 unless a bi%op cr[n him8 ,t a k+1 if he be a prie/1 _c m>ry8 ,t :e!r a pr9ce be born 9 lawful m>riage1 or n1 mu/ be judg$ by au?ority f ,rome8 ,t subjects may be fre$ f _! allegiance1 if by ! c\rt ( ,rome1 ! k+ be judg$ an h]etic8 ,t a k+1 z ,*ilp]ic ( ,france1 may be depos$ by a pope1 z ,pope ,za*>y1 = no cause2 & 8 k+dom giv5 to "o ( 8 subjects8 ,t ! cl]gy & regul>s1 9 :at c\ntry soev]1 %all be exempt f ! jurisdiction ( _! k+ 9 cases crim9al8 ,or :o does n see1 to ^: pr(it r$\nd ! fees ( private masses1 & vales ( purgatory2 ) o!r signs ( private int]e/1 en\gh to mortify ! mo/ lively fai?1 if1 z ,i said1 ! civil magi/rate1 & cu/om did n m su/a9 x1 ?an any op9ion !y h ( ! sanctity1 wisdom1 or probity ( _! tea*]s8 ,s t ,i may attribute all ! *anges ( religion 9 ! _w1 to "o & ! same cause2 & t is1 unpleas+ prie/s2 & ^? n only among/ ,ca?olics1 b ev5 9 t *ur* t ha? presum$ mo/ ( re=mation4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,( ,,! ,,natural ,,condition ,,( ,,mank9d ,,z ,,conc]n+ ,,_! ,,felicity1 ,,& ,,mis]y4 ,sid5ote3 ,m5 by nature equal4 ,nature ha? made m5 s equal1 9 ! faculties ( ! body1 & m9d2 z t ?\gh !re be f\nd "o man sometimes manife/ly /rong] 9 body1 or ( quick] m9d ?an ano!r2 yet :5 all is reckon$ toge!r1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 man1 & man1 is n s consid]able1 z t "o man c !reupon claim to himself any b5efit1 to :i* ano!r may n pret5d1 z well z he4 ,= z to ! /r5g? ( body1 ! weake/ has /r5g? en\gh to kill ! /ronge/1 ei!r by secret ma*9ation1 or by conf$]acy ) o!rs1 t are 9 ! same dang] ) himself4 ,& z to ! faculties ( ! m9d1 sett+ aside ! arts gr\nd$ ^u words1 & especially t skill ( proce$+ ^u g5]al1 & infallible rules1 call$ sci5ce2 :i* v few h1 & b 9 few ?+s2 z be+ n a native faculty1 born ) u2 nor atta9$1 z prud5ce1 :ile we look aft] some:at else1 ,i f9d yet a great] equality among/ m51 ?an t ( /r5g?4 ,= prud5ce1 is b exp]i5ce2 :i* equal "t1 equally be/[s on all m51 9 ^? ?+s !y equally apply !mselves unto4 ,t :i* may p]haps make su* equality incr$ible1 is b a va9 conceit ( "o's own wisdom1 :i* almo/ all m5 ?9k !y h 9 a great] degree1 ?an ! vulg>2 t is1 ?an all m5 b !mselves1 & a few o!rs1 :om by fame1 or = concurr+ ) !mselves1 !y approve4 ,= su* is ! nature ( m51 t h[soev] !y may ackn[l$ge _m o!rs to be m witty1 or m eloqu5t1 or m le>n$2 yet !y w h>dly believe !re be _m s wise z !mselves2 = !y see _! own wit at h&1 & o!r m5's at a di/ance4 ,b ?is prove? r t m5 are 9 t po9t equal1 ?an unequal4 ,= !re is n ord9>ily a great] sign ( ! equal di/ribution ( any ?+1 ?an t e man is cont5t$ ) 8 %>e4 ,sid5ote3 ,f equality proce$s diffid5ce4 ,f ?is equality ( ability1 arise? equality ( hope 9 ! atta9+ ( our ends4 ,& !re=e if any two m5 desire ! same ?+1 :i* nev]!less !y _c bo? enjoy1 !y become enemies2 & 9 ! way to _! end1 :i* is pr9cipally _! own cons]vation1 & sometimes _! delectation only1 endeav\r to de/roy1 or subdue "o ano!r4 ,& f h5ce x comes to pass1 t :]e an invad] ha? no m to fe>1 ?an ano!r man's s+le p[]2 if "o plant1 s[1 build1 or possess a conv5i5t seat1 o!rs may probably be expect$ to come prep>$ ) =ces unit$1 to dispossess1 & deprive him1 n only ( ! fruit ( 8 lab\r1 b also ( 8 life1 or lib]ty4 ,& ! invad] aga9 is 9 ! l dang] ( ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,f diffid5ce w>4 ,& f ?is diffid5ce ( "o ano!r1 !re is no way = any man to secure himself1 s reasonable1 z anticipation2 t is1 by =ce1 or wiles1 to ma/] ! p]sons ( all m5 he c1 s long1 till he see no o!r p[] great en\gh to endang] him3 & ?is is no m ?an 8 own cons]vation require?1 & is g5]ally all[$4 ,also because !re be "s1 t tak+ pleasure 9 contemplat+ _! own p[] 9 ! acts ( conque/1 :i* !y pursue f>!r ?an _! security requires2 if o!rs1 t o!rwise w\ld be glad to be at ease )9 mode/ b\nds1 %\ld n by invasion increase _! p[]1 !y w\ld n be able1 long "t1 by /&+ only on _! def5ce1 to subsi/4 ,& by consequ5ce1 su* augm5tation ( dom9ion ov] m5 be+ necess>y to a man's cons]vation1 x ought to be all[$ him4 ,aga91 m5 h no pleasure1 b on ! contr>y a great deal ( grief1 9 keep+ company1 :]e !re is no p[] able to ov]-awe !m all4 ,= e man looke? t 8 companion %\ld value him1 at ! same rate he sets ^u himself3 & ^u all signs ( contempt1 or und]valu+1 naturally endeav\rs1 z f> z he d>es1 7:i* among/ !m t h no common p[] to keep !m 9 quiet1 is f> en\gh to make !m de/roy ea* o!r71 to extort a great] value f 8 contemn]s1 by damage2 & f o!rs1 by ! example4 ,s t 9 ! nature ( man1 we f9d ?ree pr9cipal causes ( qu>rel4 ,fir/1 competition2 secondly1 diffid5ce2 ?irdly1 glory4 ,! fir/1 make? m5 invade = ga92 ! second1 = safety2 & ! ?ird1 = reputation4 ,! fir/ use viol5ce1 to make !mselves ma/]s ( o!r m5's p]sons1 wives1 *ildr51 & cattle2 ! second1 to def5d !m2 ! ?ird1 = trifles1 z a ^w1 a smile1 a diff]5t op9ion1 & any o!r sign ( und]value1 ei!r direct 9 _! p]sons1 or by reflection 9 _! k9dr$1 _! fri5ds1 _! nation1 _! pr(ession1 or _! "n4 ,sid5ote3 ,out ( civil /ates1 !re is always w> ( e "o aga9/ e "o4 ,h]eby x is manife/1 t dur+ ! "t m5 live )\t a common p[] to keep !m all 9 awe1 !y are 9 t condition :i* is call$ w>2 & su* a w>1 z is ( e man1 aga9/ e man4 ,= ,,w>1 consi/e? n 9 battle only1 or ! act ( fight+2 b 9 a tract ( "t1 :]e9 ! w to cont5d by battle is suffici5tly kn[n3 & !re=e ! notion ( "t1 is to be consid]$ 9 ! nature ( w>2 z x is 9 ! nature ( wea!r4 ,= z ! nature ( f\l wea!r1 lie? n 9 a %[] or two ( ra92 b 9 an incl9ation !reto ( _m days toge!r3 s ! nature ( w>1 consi/e? n 9 actual fight+2 b 9 ! kn[n disposition !reto1 dur+ all ! "t !re is no assurance to ! contr>y4 ,all o!r "t is ,,peace4 ,sid5ote3 ,! incommodities ( su* a w>4 ,:atsoev] !re=e is consequ5t to a "t ( w>1 :]e e man is enemy to e man2 ! same is consequ5t to ! "t1 :]e9 m5 live )\t o!r security1 ?an :at _! own /r5g?1 & _! own inv5tion %all furni% !m )al4 ,9 su* condition1 !re is no place = indu/ry2 because ! fruit !re( is unc]ta93 & consequ5tly no culture ( ! e>?2 no navigation1 nor use ( ! commodities t may be import$ by sea2 no commodi\s build+2 no in/rum5ts ( mov+1 & remov+1 su* ?+s z require mu* =ce2 no k ( ! face ( ! e>?2 no acc\nt ( "t2 no arts2 no lett]s2 no society2 & :i* is wor/ ( all1 cont9ual fe>1 & dang] ( viol5t dea?2 & ! life ( man1 solit>y1 poor1 na/y1 bruti%1 & %ort4 ,x may seem /range to "s man1 t has n well weigh$ ^! ?+s2 t nature %\ld ?us dissociate1 & r5d] m5 apt to invade1 & de/roy "o ano!r3 & he may !re=e1 n tru/+ to ?is inf]5ce1 made f ! passions1 desire p]haps to h ! same confirm$ by exp]i5ce4 ,let him !re=e consid] ) himself1 :5 tak+ a j\rney1 he arms himself1 & seeks to g well accompani$2 :5 go+ to sleep1 he locks 8 doors2 :5 ev5 9 8 h\se he locks 8 *e/s2 & ?is :5 he kn[s !re be laws1 & public (fic]s1 arm$1 to rev5ge all injuries %all be done him2 :at op9ion he has ( 8 fell[-subjects1 :5 he rides arm$2 ( 8 fell[ citiz5s1 :5 he locks 8 doors2 & ( 8 *ildr51 & s]vants1 :5 he locks 8 *e/s4 ,does he n !re z mu* accuse mank9d by 8 actions1 z ,i d by my words8 ,b nei!r ( u accuse man's nature 9 x4 ,! desires1 & o!r passions ( man1 are 9 !mselves no s94 ,no m are ! actions1 t proce$ f ^? passions1 till !y "k a law t =bids !m3 :i* till laws be made !y _c "k3 nor c any law be made1 till !y h agre$ ^u ! p]son t %all make x4 ,x may p]adv5ture be ?\ght1 !re 0 nev] su* a "t1 nor condition ( w> z ?is2 & ,i believe x 0 nev] g5]ally s1 ov] all ! _w3 b !re are _m places1 :]e !y live s n[4 ,= ! savage p 9 _m places ( ,am]ica1 except ! gov]nm5t ( small families1 ! concord :]e( dep5de? on natural lu/1 h no gov]nm5t at all2 & live at ?is day 9 t bruti% mann]1 z ,i said be=e4 ,h[soev]1 x may be p]ceiv$ :at mann] ( life !re w\ld be1 :]e !re 7 no common p[] to fe>1 by ! mann] ( life1 :i* m5 t h =m]ly liv$ "u a peaceful gov]nm5t1 use to deg5]ate into1 9 a civil w>4 ,b ?\gh !re _h nev] be5 any "t1 :]e9 p>ticul> m5 7 9 a condition ( w> "o aga9/ ano!r2 yet 9 all times1 k+s1 & p]sons ( sov]eign au?ority1 because ( _! indep5d5cy1 are 9 cont9ual jeal\sies1 & 9 ! /ate & po/ure ( gladiators2 hav+ _! weapons po9t+1 & _! eyes fix$ on "o ano!r2 t is1 _! =ts1 g>risons1 & guns ^u ! fronti]s ( _! k+doms2 & cont9ual spies ^u _! neighb\rs2 :i* is a po/ure ( w>4 ,b because !y uphold !reby1 ! indu/ry ( _! subjects2 !re does n foll[ f x1 t mis]y1 :i* accompanies ! lib]ty ( p>ticul> m54 ,sid5ote3 ,9 su* a w> no?+ is unju/4 ,to ?is w> ( e man1 aga9/ e man1 ?is also is consequ5t2 t no?+ c be unju/4 ,! notions ( "r & wrong1 ju/ice & inju/ice h !re no place4 ,:]e !re is no common p[]1 !re is no law3 :]e no law1 no inju/ice4 ,=ce1 & fraud1 are 9 w> ! two c>d9al virtues4 ,ju/ice1 & inju/ice are none ( ! faculties nei!r ( ! body1 nor m9d4 ,if !y 71 !y might be 9 a man t 7 alone 9 ! _w1 z well z 8 s5ses1 & passions4 ,!y are qualities1 t relate to m5 9 society1 n 9 solitude4 ,x is consequ5t also to ! same condition1 t !re be no propriety1 no dom9ion1 no m9e & ?9e di/9ct2 b only t to be e man's1 t he c get2 & = s long1 z he c keep x4 ,& ?us mu* = ! ill condition1 :i* man by m]e nature is actually plac$ 92 ?\gh ) a possibility to come out ( x1 consi/+ p>tly 9 ! passions1 p>tly 9 8 reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,! passions t incl9e m5 to peace4 ,! passions t incl9e m5 to peace1 are fe> ( dea?2 desire ( su* ?+s z are necess>y to commodi\s liv+2 & a hope by _! indu/ry to obta9 !m4 ,& reason sugge/e? conv5i5t articles ( peace1 ^u :i* m5 may be drawn to agreem5t4 ,^! articles1 are !y1 :i* o!rwise are call$ ! ,laws ( ,nature3 :]e( ,i %all speak m p>ticul>ly1 9 ! two foll[+ *apt]s4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,& ,,second ,,natural ,,laws1 ,,& ,,( ,,contracts4 ,sid5ote3 ,"r ( nature :at4 ,! ,,"r ,,( ,,nature1 :i* writ]s commonly call jus naturale1 is ! lib]ty ea* man ha?1 to use 8 own p[]1 z he w himself1 = ! pres]vation ( 8 own nature2 t is to say1 ( 8 own life2 & consequ5tly1 ( do+ any ?+1 :i* 9 8 own judgm5t1 & reason1 he %all conceive to be ! apte/ means !reunto4 ,sid5ote3 ,lib]ty :at4 ,by ,,lib]ty1 is und]/ood1 accord+ to ! prop] signification ( ! ^w1 ! abs5ce ( ext]nal imp$im5ts3 :i* imp$im5ts1 may (t take away "p ( a man's p[] to d :at he w\ld2 b _c h9d] him f us+ ! p[] left him1 accord+ z 8 judgm5t1 & reason %all dictate to him4 ,sid5ote3 ,a law ( nature :at4 ,a ,,law ,,( ,,nature1 lex naturalis1 is a precept or g5]al rule1 f\nd out by reason1 by :i* a man is =bidd5 to d t1 :i* is de/ructive ( 8 life1 or take? away ! means ( pres]v+ ! same2 & to omit t1 by :i* he ?9ke? x may be be/ pres]v$4 ,= ?\gh !y t speak ( ?is subject1 use to conf\nd jus1 & lex1 "r & law3 ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5ce ( "r & law4 yet !y ought to be di/+ui%$2 because ,,"r1 consi/e? 9 lib]ty to d1 or to =be>2 :]eas ,,law1 det]m9e?1 & b9de? to "o ( !m3 s t law1 & "r1 diff] z mu*1 z obligation1 & lib]ty2 :i* 9 "o & ! same matt] are inconsi/5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,naturally e man has "r to e ?+4 ,& because ! condition ( man1 z ha? be5 decl>$ 9 ! prec$5t *apt]1 is a condition ( w> ( e "o aga9/ e "o2 9 :i* case e "o is gov]n$ by 8 own reason2 & !re is no?+ he c make use (1 t may n be a help unto him1 9 pres]v+ 8 life aga9/ 8 enemies2 x foll[e?1 t 9 su* a condition1 e man has a "r to e ?+2 ev5 to "o ano!r's body4 ,& !re=e1 z long z ?is natural "r ( e man to e ?+ endure?1 !re c be no security to any man1 h[ /rong or wise soev] he be1 ( liv+ out ! "t1 :i* nature ord9>ily all[e? m5 to live4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fundam5tal law ( nature4 ,& consequ5tly x is a precept1 or g5]al rule ( reason1 t e man1 ought to endeav\r peace1 z f> z he has hope ( obta9+ x2 & :5 he _c obta9 x1 t he may seek1 & use1 all helps1 & advantages ( w>4 ,! fir/ bran* ( :i* rule1 conta9e? ! fir/1 & fundam5tal law ( nature2 :i* is1 to seek peace1 & foll[ x4 ,! second1 ! sum ( ! "r ( nature2 :i* is1 by all means we c1 to def5d ourselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,! second law ( nature4 ,f ?is fundam5tal law ( nature1 by :i* m5 are comm&$ to endeav\r peace1 is d]iv$ ?is second law2 t a man be will+1 :5 o!rs are s too1 z f>-=?1 z = peace1 & def5ce ( himself he %all ?9k x necess>y1 to lay d[n ?is "r to all ?+s2 & be cont5t$ ) s mu* lib]ty aga9/ o!r m51 z he w\ld all[ o!r m5 aga9/ himself4 ,= z long z e man holde? ?is "r1 ( do+ any ?+ he like?2 s long are all m5 9 ! condition ( w>4 ,b if o!r m5 w n lay d[n _! "r1 z well z he2 !n !re is no reason = any "o1 to dive/ himself ( 83 = t 7 to expose himself to prey1 :i* no man is b\nd to1 r ?an to dispose himself to peace4 ,?is is t law ( ! ,gospel2 :atsoev] y require t o!rs %\ld d to y1 t d ye to !m4 ,& t law ( all m51 quod tibi fi]i non vis1 alt]i ne fec]is4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at x is to lay d[n a "r4 ,to lay d[n a man's "r to any ?+1 is to dive/ himself ( ! lib]ty1 ( h9d]+ ano!r ( ! b5efit ( 8 own "r to ! same4 ,= he t r5\nce?1 or passe? away 8 "r1 give? n to any o!r man a "r :i* he _h n be=e2 because !re is no?+ to :i* e man _h n "r by nature3 b only /&e? out ( 8 way1 t he may enjoy 8 own orig9al "r1 )\t h9drance f him2 n )\t h9drance f ano!r4 ,s t ! effect :i* r$\nde? to "o man1 by ano!r man's defect ( "r1 is b s mu* dim9ution ( imp$im5ts to ! use ( 8 own "r orig9al4 ,sid5ote3 ,r5\nc+ a "r1 :at x is4 ,"r is laid aside1 ei!r by simply r5\nc+ x2 or by transf]r+ x to ano!r4 ,by simply ,,r5\nc+2 :5 he c>es n to :om ! b5efit !re( r$\nde?4 ,sid5ote3 ,transf]r+ "r :at4 ,obligation4 ,by ,,transf]r+2 :5 he int5de? ! b5efit !re( to "s c]ta9 p]son1 or p]sons4 ,& :5 a man ha? 9 ei!r mann] ab&on$1 or grant$ away 8 "r2 !n is he said to be ,,oblig$1 or ,,b\nd1 n to h9d] ^?1 to :om su* "r is grant$1 or ab&on$1 f ! b5efit ( x3 & t he ought1 ,sid5ote3 ,duty4 & x is 8 ,,duty1 n to make void t volunt>y act ( 8 own3 ,sid5ote3 ,inju/ice4 & t su* h9drance is ,,inju/ice1 & ,,injury1 z be+ s9e jure2 ! "r be+ be=e r5\nc$1 or transf]r$4 ,s t injury1 or inju/ice1 9 ! controv]sies ( ! _w1 is some:at l to t1 :i* 9 ! disputations ( s*ol>s is call$ absurdity4 ,= z x is !re call$ an absurdity1 to contradict :at "o ma9ta9$ 9 ! beg9n+3 s 9 ! _w1 x is call$ inju/ice1 & injury1 volunt>ily to undo t1 :i* f ! beg9n+ he _h volunt>ily done4 ,! way by :i* a man ei!r simply r5\nce?1 or transf]re? 8 "r1 is a decl>ation1 or signification1 by "s volunt>y & suffici5t sign1 or signs1 t he do? s r5\nce1 or transf]2 or ha? s r5\nc$1 or transf]r$ ! same1 to him t accepte? x4 ,& ^! signs are ei!r words only1 or actions only2 or1 z x happ5e? mo/ (t51 bo? words1 & actions4 ,& ! same are ! ,,bonds1 by :i* m5 are b\nd1 & oblig$3 bonds1 t h _! /r5g?1 n f _! own nature1 = no?+ is m easily brok5 ?an a man's ^w1 b f fe> ( "s evil consequ5ce ^u ! rupture4 ,sid5ote3 ,n all rights are ali5able4 ,:5soev] a man transf]re? 8 "r1 or r5\nce? x2 x is ei!r 9 consid]ation ( "s "r reciprocally transf]r$ to himself2 or = "s o!r good he hope? = !reby4 ,= x is a volunt>y act3 & ( ! volunt>y acts ( e man1 ! object is "s good to himself4 ,& !re=e !re be "s rights1 :i* no man c be und]/ood by any words1 or o!r signs1 to h ab&on$1 or transf]r$4 ,z fir/ a man _c lay d[n ! "r ( resi/+ !m1 t assault him by =ce1 to take away 8 life2 because he _c be und]/ood to aim !reby1 at any good to himself4 ,! same may be said ( w\nds1 & *a9s1 & imprisonm5t2 bo? because !re is no b5efit consequ5t to su* pati5ce2 z !re is to ! pati5ce ( suff]+ ano!r to be w\nd$1 or imprison$3 z also because a man _c tell1 :5 he see? m5 proce$ aga9/ him by viol5ce1 :e!r !y int5d 8 dea? or n4 ,& la/ly ! motive1 & end = :i* ?is r5\nc+1 & transf]r+ ( "r is introduc$1 is no?+ else b ! security ( a man's p]son1 9 8 life1 & 9 ! means ( s pres]v+ life1 z n to be we>y ( x4 ,& !re=e if a man by words1 or o!r signs1 seem to despoil himself ( ! end1 = :i* ^? signs 7 int5d$2 he is n to be und]/ood z if he meant x1 or t x 0 8 w2 b t he 0 ignorant ( h[ su* words & actions 7 to be int]pret$4 ,sid5ote3 ,contract :at4 ,! mutual transf]r+ ( "r1 is t :i* m5 call ,,contract4 ,!re is diff]5ce betwe5 transf]r+ ( "r to ! ?+2 & transf]r+1 or tradition1 t is deliv]y ( ! ?+ itself4 ,= ! ?+ may be deliv]$ toge!r ) ! translation ( ! "r2 z 9 buy+ & sell+ ) ready-money2 or ex*ange ( goods1 or l&s3 & x may be deliv]$ "s "t aft]4 ,sid5ote3 ,cov5ant :at4 ,aga91 "o ( ! contractors1 may deliv] ! ?+ contract$ = on 8 "p1 & leave ! o!r to p]=m 8 "p at "s det]m9ate "t aft]1 & 9 ! mean "t be tru/$2 & !n ! contract on 8 "p1 is call$ ,,pact1 or ,,cov5ant3 or bo? p>ts may contract n[1 to p]=m h]eaft]3 9 :i* cases1 he t is to p]=m 9 "t to come1 be+ tru/$1 8 p]=mance is call$ keep+ ( promise1 or fai?2 & ! fail+ ( p]=mance1 if x be volunt>y1 violation ( fai?4 ,sid5ote3 ,free-gift4 ,:5 ! transf]r+ ( "r1 is n mutual3 b "o ( ! p>ties transf]re?1 9 hope to ga9 !reby fri5d%ip1 or s]vice f ano!r1 or f 8 fri5ds2 or 9 hope to ga9 ! reputation ( *>ity1 or magnanimity2 or to deliv] 8 m9d f ! pa9 ( compassion2 or 9 hope ( rew>d 9 heav52 ?is is n contract1 b ,,gift1 ,,free-,,gift1 ,,grace3 :i* words signify "o & ! same ?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,signs ( contract express4 ,signs ( contract1 are ei!r express1 or by inf]5ce4 ,express1 are words spok5 ) und]/&+ ( :at !y signify3 & su* words are ei!r ( ! "t pres5t1 or pa/2 z1 ,i give1 ,i grant1 ,i h giv51 ,i h grant$1 ,i w t ?is be y\rs3 or ( ! future2 z1 ,i w give1 ,i w grant3 ,sid5ote3 ,promise4 :i* words ( ! future are call$ ,,promise4 ,sid5ote3 ,signs ( contract by inf]5ce4 ,signs by inf]5ce1 are sometimes ! consequ5ce ( words2 sometimes ! consequ5ce ( sil5ce2 sometimes ! consequ5ce ( actions2 sometimes ! consequ5ce ( =be>+ an action3 & g5]ally a sign by inf]5ce1 ( any contract1 is :atsoev] suffici5tly argues ! w ( ! contractor4 ,sid5ote3 ,free gift passe? by words ( ! pres5t or pa/4 ,words alone1 if !y be ( ! "t to come1 & conta9 a b>e promise1 are an insuffici5t sign ( a free-gift1 & !re=e n obligatory4 ,= if !y be ( ! "t to come1 z to-morr[ ,i w give1 !y are a sign ,i h n giv5 yet1 & consequ5tly t my "r is n transf]r$1 b rema9e? till ,i transf] x by "s o!r act4 ,b if ! words be ( ! "t pres5t1 or pa/1 z1 ,i h giv51 or1 d give to be deliv]$ to-morr[1 !n is my to-morr['s "r giv5 away to day2 & t by ! virtue ( ! words1 ?\gh !re 7 no o!r argum5t ( my w4 ,& !re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! signification ( ^! words1 volo hoc tuum esse cras1 & cras dabo2 t is1 betwe5 ,i w t ?is be ?9e to-morr[1 &1 ,i w give x !e to-morr[3 = ! ^w ,i w1 9 ! =m] mann] ( spee*1 signifies an act ( ! w pres5t2 b 9 ! latt]1 x signifies a promise ( an act ( ! w to come3 & !re=e ! =m] words1 be+ ( ! pres5t1 transf] a future "r2 ! latt]1 t be ( ! future1 transf] no?+4 ,b if !re be o!r signs ( ! w to transf] a "r1 besides words2 !n1 ?\gh ! gift be free1 yet may ! "r be und]/ood to pass by words ( ! future3 z if a man prop\nd a prize to him t comes fir/ to ! end ( a race1 ! gift is free2 & ?\gh ! words be ( ! future1 yet ! "r passe?3 = if he w\ld n h 8 words s be und]/ood1 he %\ld n h let !m run4 ,sid5ote3 ,signs ( contract are words bo? ( ! pa/1 pres5t1 & future4 ,9 contracts1 ! "r passe?1 n only :]e ! words are ( ! "t pres5t1 or pa/1 b also :]e !y are ( ! future3 because all contract is mutual translation1 or *ange ( "r2 & !re=e he t promise? only1 because he ha? already receiv$ ! b5efit = :i* he promise?1 is to be und]/ood z if he int5d$ ! "r %\ld pass3 = unless he _h be5 cont5t to h 8 words s und]/ood1 ! o!r w\ld n h p]=m$ 8 "p fir/4 ,& = t cause1 9 buy+1 & sell+1 & o!r acts ( contract1 a promise is equival5t to a cov5ant2 & !re=e obligatory4 ,sid5ote3 ,m]it :at4 ,he t p]=me? fir/ 9 ! case ( a contract1 is said to ,,m]it t :i* he is to receive by ! p]=mance ( ! o!r2 & he ha? x z due4 ,also :5 a prize is prop\nd$ to _m1 :i* is to be giv5 to him only t w9ne?2 or money is ?r[n among/ _m1 to be enjoy$ by !m t cat* x2 ?\gh ?is be a free gift2 yet s to w91 or s to cat*1 is to m]it1 & to h x z ,,due4 ,= ! "r is transf]r$ 9 ! prop\nd+ ( ! prize1 & 9 ?r[+ d[n ! money2 ?\gh x be n det]m9$ to :om1 b by ! ev5t ( ! cont5tion4 ,b !re is betwe5 ^! two sorts ( m]it1 ?is diff]5ce1 t 9 contract1 ,i m]it by virtue ( my own p[]1 & ! contractor's ne$2 b 9 ?is case ( free gift1 ,i am enabl$ to m]it only by ! b5ignity ( ! giv]3 9 contract1 ,i m]it at ! contractor's h& t he %\ld dep>t ) 8 "r2 9 ?is case ( gift1 ,i m]it n t ! giv] %\ld "p ) 8 "r2 b t :5 he has p>t$ ) x1 x %\ld be m9e1 r ?an ano!r's4 ,& ?is ,i ?9k to be ! mean+ ( t di/9ction ( ! ,s*ools1 betwe5 m]itum congrui1 & m]itum condigni4 ,= ,god ,almighty1 hav+ promis$ ,p>adise to ^? m51 hoodw9k$ ) c>nal desires1 t c walk ?r\gh ?is _w accord+ to ! precepts1 & limits prescrib$ by him2 !y say1 he t %all s walk1 %all m]it ,p>adise ex congruo4 ,b because no man c dem& a "r to x1 by 8 own righte\sness1 or any o!r p[] 9 himself1 b by ! free grace ( ,god only2 !y say1 no man c m]it ,p>adise ex condigno4 ,?is ,i say1 ,i ?9k is ! mean+ ( t di/9ction2 b because disput]s d n agree ^u ! signification ( _! own t]ms ( art1 long] ?an x s]ves _! turn2 ,i w n affirm any ?+ ( _! mean+3 only ?is ,i say2 :5 a gift is giv5 indef9itely1 z a prize to be cont5d$ =1 he t w9ne? m]ite?1 & may claim ! prize z due4 ,sid5ote3 ,cov5ants ( mutual tru/1 :5 invalid4 ,if a cov5ant be made1 :]e9 nei!r ( ! p>ties p]=m pres5tly1 b tru/ "o ano!r2 9 ! condition ( m]e nature1 :i* is a condition ( w> ( e man aga9/ e man1 ^u any reasonable suspicion1 x is void3 b if !re be a common p[] set ov] !m bo?1 ) "r & =ce suffici5t to compel p]=mance1 x is n void4 ,= he t p]=me? fir/1 has no assurance ! o!r w p]=m aft]2 because ! bonds ( words are too weak to bridle m5's ambition1 av>ice1 ang]1 & o!r passions1 )\t ! fe> ( "s co]cive p[]2 :i* 9 ! condition ( m]e nature1 :]e all m5 are equal1 & judges ( ! ju/ness ( _! own fe>s1 _c possibly be suppos$4 ,& !re=e he :i* p]=me? fir/1 does b betray himself to 8 enemy2 contr>y to ! "r1 he c nev] ab&on1 ( def5d+ 8 life1 & means ( liv+4 ,b 9 a civil e/ate1 :]e !re is a p[] set up to con/ra9 ^? t w\ld o!rwise violate _! fai?1 t fe> is no m reasonable2 & = t cause1 he :i* by ! cov5ant is to p]=m fir/1 is oblig$ s to d4 ,! cause ( fe>1 :i* make? su* a cov5ant invalid1 mu/ be always some?+ aris+ aft] ! cov5ant made2 z "s new fact1 or o!r sign ( ! w n to p]=m3 else x _c make ! cov5ant void4 ,= t :i* c\ld n h9d] a man f promis+1 ought n to be admitt$ z a h9drance ( p]=m+4 ,sid5ote3 ,"r to ! end1 conta9e? "r to ! means4 ,he t transf]re? any "r1 transf]re? ! means ( enjoy+ x1 z f> z lie? 9 8 p[]4 ,z he t selle? l&1 is und]/ood to transf] ! h]bage1 & :atsoev] gr[s ^u x3 nor c he t sells a mill turn away ! /ream t drives x4 ,& !y t give to a man ! "r ( gov]nm5t 9 sov]eignty1 are und]/ood to give him ! "r ( levy+ money to ma9ta9 soldi]s2 & ( appo9t+ magi/rates = ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,sid5ote3 ,no cov5ant ) bea/s4 ,to make cov5ants ) brute bea/s1 is impossible2 because n und]/&+ our spee*1 !y und]/& n1 nor accept ( any translation ( "r2 nor c translate any "r to ano!r3 & )\t mutual acceptation1 !re is no cov5ant4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor ) ,god )\t special revelation4 ,to make cov5ant ) ,god1 is impossible1 b by m$iation ( su* z ,god speake? to1 ei!r by revelation sup]natural1 or by 8 lieut5ants t gov]n "u him1 & 9 8 "n3 = o!rwise we "k n :e!r our cov5ants be accept$1 or n4 ,& !re=e !y t v[ any?+ contr>y to any law ( nature1 v[ 9 va92 z be+ a ?+ unju/ to pay su* v[4 ,& if x be a ?+ comm&$ by ! law ( nature1 x is n ! v[1 b ! law t b9ds !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,no cov5ant1 b ( possible & future4 ,! matt]1 or subject ( a cov5ant1 is always some?+ t falle? "u delib]ation2 = to cov5ant1 is an act ( ! w2 t is to say1 an act1 & ! la/ act ( delib]ation2 & is !re=e always und]/ood to be some?+ to come2 & :i* is judg$ possible = him t cov5ante?1 to p]=m4 ,& !re=e1 to promise t :i* is kn[n to be impossible1 is no cov5ant4 ,b if t prove impossible aft]w>ds1 :i* be=e 0 ?\ght possible1 ! cov5ant is valid1 & b9de?1 ?\gh n to ! ?+ itself1 yet to ! value2 or1 if t also be impossible1 to ! unfeign$ endeav\r ( p]=m+ z mu* z is possible3 = to m no man c be oblig$4 ,sid5ote3 ,cov5ants h[ made void4 ,m5 are fre$ ( _! cov5ants two ways2 by p]=m+2 or by be+ =giv54 ,= p]=mance1 is ! natural end ( obligation2 & =giv5ess1 ! re/itution ( lib]ty2 z be+ a retransf]r+ ( t "r1 9 :i* ! obligation consi/$4 ,sid5ote3 ,cov5ants extort$ by fe> are valid4 ,cov5ants ent]$ into by fe>1 9 ! condition ( m]e nature1 are obligatory4 ,= example1 if ,i cov5ant to pay a ransom1 or s]vice = my life1 to an enemy2 ,i am b\nd by x3 = x is a contract1 :]e9 "o receive? ! b5efit ( life2 ! o!r is to receive money1 or s]vice = x2 & consequ5tly1 :]e no o!r law1 z 9 ! condition ( m]e nature1 =bidde? ! p]=mance1 ! cov5ant is valid4 ,!re=e prison]s ( w>1 if tru/$ ) ! paym5t ( _! ransom1 are oblig$ to pay x3 & if a weak] pr9ce1 make a disadvantage\s peace ) a /rong]1 = fe>2 he is b\nd to keep x2 unless1 z ha? be5 said be=e1 !re arise? "s new1 & j cause ( fe>1 to r5ew ! w>4 ,& ev5 9 commonweal?s1 if ,i be =c$ to r$eem myself f a ?ief by promis+ him money1 ,i am b\nd to pay x1 till ! civil law dis*>ge me4 ,= :atsoev] ,i may lawfully d )\t obligation1 ! same ,i may lawfully cov5ant to d ?r\gh fe>3 & :at ,i lawfully cov5ant1 ,i _c lawfully break4 ,sid5ote3 ,! =m] cov5ant to "o1 makes void ! lat] to ano!r4 ,a =m] cov5ant1 makes void a lat]4 ,= a man t ha? pass$ away 8 "r to "o man to-day1 ha? x n to pass to-morr[ to ano!r3 & !re=e ! lat] promise passe? no "r1 b is null4 ,sid5ote3 ,a man's cov5ant n to def5d himself is void4 ,a cov5ant n to def5d myself f =ce1 by =ce1 is always void4 ,=1 z ,i h %[$ be=e1 no man c transf]1 or lay d[n 8 "r to save himself f dea?1 w\nds1 & imprisonm5t1 ! avoid+ :]e( is ! only end ( lay+ d[n any "r2 & !re=e ! promise ( n resi/+ =ce1 9 no cov5ant transf]re? any "r2 nor is oblig+4 ,= ?\gh a man may cov5ant ?us1 unless ,i d s1 or s1 kill me2 he _c cov5ant ?us1 unless ,i d s1 or s1 ,i w n resi/ y1 :5 y come to kill me4 ,= man by nature *oose? ! less] evil1 :i* is dang] ( dea? 9 resi/+2 r ?an ! great]1 :i* is c]ta9 & pres5t dea? 9 n resi/+4 ,& ?is is grant$ to be true by all m51 9 t !y lead crim9als to execution1 & prison1 ) arm$ m51 not)/&+ t su* crim9als h cons5t$ to ! law1 by :i* !y are condemn$4 ,sid5ote3 ,no man oblig$ to accuse himself4 ,a cov5ant to accuse oneself1 )\t assurance ( p>don1 is likewise invalid4 ,= 9 ! condition ( nature1 :]e e man is judge1 !re is no place = accusation3 & 9 ! civil /ate1 ! accusation is foll[$ ) puni%m5t2 :i* be+ =ce1 a man is n oblig$ n to resi/4 ,! same is also true1 ( ! accusation ( ^?1 by ^: condemnation a man falls into mis]y2 z ( a fa!r1 wife1 or b5efactor4 ,= ! te/imony ( su* an accus]1 if x be n will+ly giv51 is presum$ to be corrupt$ by nature2 & !re=e n to be receiv$3 & :]e a man's te/imony is n to be cr$it$1 he is n b\nd to give x4 ,also accusations ^u torture1 are n to be reput$ z te/imonies4 ,= torture is to be us$ b z means ( conjecture1 & light1 9 ! fur!r exam9ation1 & se>* ( tru?3 & :at is 9 t case confess$1 t5de? to ! ease ( him t is tortur$2 n to ! in=m+ ( ! tortur]s3 & !re=e ought n to h ! cr$it ( a suffici5t te/imony3 = :e!r he deliv] himself by true1 or false accusation1 he does x by ! "r ( pres]v+ 8 own life4 ,sid5ote3 ,! end ( an oa?4 ,! =ce ( words1 be+1 z ,i h =m]ly not$1 too weak to hold m5 to ! p]=mance ( _! cov5ants2 !re are 9 man's nature1 b two imag9able helps to /r5g!n x4 ,& ^? are ei!r a fe> ( ! consequ5ce ( break+ _! ^w2 or a glory1 or pride 9 appe>+ n to ne$ to break x4 ,?is latt] is a g5]osity too r>ely f\nd to be presum$ on1 especially 9 ! pursu]s ( weal?1 comm&1 or s5sual pleasure2 :i* are ! greate/ "p ( mank9d4 ,! passion to be reckon$ ^u1 is fe>2 :]e( !re be two v g5]al objects3 "o1 ! p[] ( spirits invisible2 ! o!r1 ! p[] ( ^? m5 !y %all !re9 (f5d4 ,( ^! two1 ?\gh ! =m] be ! great] p[]1 yet ! fe> ( ! latt] is commonly ! great] fe>4 ,! fe> ( ! =m] is 9 e man1 8 own religion3 :i* ha? place 9 ! nature ( man be=e civil society4 ,! latt] ha? n s2 at lea/ n place en\gh1 to keep m5 to _! promises2 because 9 ! condition ( m]e nature1 ! inequality ( p[] is n disc]n$1 b by ! ev5t ( battle4 ,s t be=e ! "t ( civil society1 or 9 ! int]ruption !re( by w>1 !re is no?+ c /r5g!n a cov5ant ( peace agre$ on1 aga9/ ! temptations ( av>ice1 ambition1 lu/1 or o!r /rong desire1 b ! fe> ( t invisible p[]1 :i* !y e "o wor%ip z ,god2 & fe> z a rev5g] ( _! p]fidy4 ,all !re=e t c be done betwe5 two m5 n subject to civil p[]1 is to put "o ano!r to swe> by ! ,god he fe>e?3 ,sid5ote3 ,! =m ( an oa?4 :i* swe>+1 or ,,oa?1 is a =m ( spee*1 add$ to a promise2 by :i* he t promise?1 signifie?1 t unless he p]=m1 he r5\nce? ! m]cy ( 8 ,god1 or calle? to him = v5geance on himself4 ,su* 0 ! hea!n =m1 ,let ,jupit] kill me else1 z ,i kill ?is bea/4 ,s is our =m1 ,i %all d ?us1 & ?us1 s help me ,god4 ,& ?is1 ) ! rites & c]emonies1 :i* e "o use? 9 8 own religion1 t ! fe> ( break+ fai? might be ! great]4 ,sid5ote3 ,no oa? b by ,god4 ,by ?is x appe>s1 t an oa? tak5 accord+ to any o!r =m1 or rite1 ?an 81 t swe>e?1 is 9 va92 & no oa?3 & t !re is no swe>+ by any ?+ :i* ! swe>] ?9ks n ,god4 ,= ?\gh m5 h sometimes us$ to swe> by _! k+s1 = fe>1 or flatt]y2 yet !y w\ld h x !reby und]/ood1 !y attribut$ to !m div9e hon\r4 ,& t swe>+ unnecess>ily by ,god1 is b prophan+ ( 8 "n3 & swe>+ by o!r ?+s1 z m5 d 9 common disc\rse1 is n swe>+1 b an impi\s cu/om1 gott5 by too mu* vehem5ce ( talk+4 ,sid5ote3 ,an oa? adds no?+ to ! obligation4 ,x appe>s also1 t ! oa? adds no?+ to ! obligation4 ,= a cov5ant1 if lawful1 b9ds 9 ! sight ( ,god1 )\t ! oa?1 z mu* z ) x3 if unlawful1 b9de? n at all2 ?\gh x be confirm$ ) an oa?4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,( ,,o!r ,,laws ,,( ,,nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ?ird law ( nature1 ju/ice4 ,f t law ( nature1 by :i* we are oblig$ to transf] to ano!r1 su* rights1 z be+ reta9$1 h9d] ! peace ( mank9d1 !re foll[e? a ?ird2 :i* is ?is1 t m5 p]=m _! cov5ants made3 )\t :i*1 cov5ants are 9 va91 & b empty words2 & ! "r ( all m5 to all ?+s rema9+1 we are /ill 9 ! condition ( w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,ju/ice & inju/ice :at4 ,& 9 ?is law ( nature1 consi/e? ! f\nta9 & orig9al ( ,,ju/ice4 ,= :]e no cov5ant ha? prec$$1 !re ha? no "r be5 transf]r$1 & e man has "r to e ?+2 & consequ5tly1 no action c be unju/4 ,b :5 a cov5ant is made1 !n to break x is unju/3 & ! def9ition ( ,,inju/ice1 is no o!r ?an ! n p]=mance ( cov5ant4 ,& :atsoev] is n unju/1 is j4 ,sid5ote3 ,ju/ice & propriety beg9 ) ! con/itution ( commonweal?4 ,b because cov5ants ( mutual tru/1 :]e !re is a fe> ( n p]=mance on ei!r "p1 z ha? be5 said 9 ! =m] *apt]1 are invalid2 ?\gh ! orig9al ( ju/ice be ! mak+ ( cov5ants2 yet inju/ice actually !re c be none1 till ! cause ( su* fe> be tak5 away2 :i* :ile m5 are 9 ! natural condition ( w>1 _c be done4 ,!re=e be=e ! names ( j1 & unju/ c h place1 !re mu/ be "s co]cive p[]1 to compel m5 equally to ! p]=mance ( _! cov5ants1 by ! t]ror ( "s puni%m5t1 great] ?an ! b5efit !y expect by ! brea* ( _! cov5ant2 & to make good t propriety1 :i* by mutual contract m5 acquire1 9 recomp5se ( ! univ]sal "r !y ab&on3 & su* p[] !re is none be=e ! erection ( a commonweal?4 ,& ?is is also to be ga!r$ out ( ! ord9>y def9ition ( ju/ice 9 ! ,s*ools3 = !y say1 t ju/ice is ! con/ant w ( giv+ to e man 8 own4 ,& !re=e :]e !re is no own1 t is no propriety1 !re is no inju/ice2 & :]e !re is no co]cive p[] erect$1 t is1 :]e !re is no commonweal?1 !re is no propriety2 all m5 hav+ "r to all ?+s3 !re=e :]e !re is no commonweal?1 !re no?+ is unju/4 ,s t ! nature ( ju/ice1 consi/e? 9 keep+ ( valid cov5ants3 b ! validity ( cov5ants beg9s n b ) ! con/itution ( a civil p[]1 suffici5t to compel m5 to keep !m3 & !n x is also t propriety beg9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,ju/ice n contr>y to reason4 ,! fool ha? said 9 8 he>t1 !re is no su* ?+ z ju/ice2 & sometimes also ) 8 tongue2 s]i\sly alleg+1 t e man's cons]vation1 & cont5tm5t1 be+ committ$ to 8 own c>e1 !re c\ld be no reason1 :y e man might n d :at he ?\ght conduc$ !reunto3 & !re=e also to make1 or n make2 keep1 or n keep cov5ants1 0 n aga9/ reason1 :5 x conduc$ to "o's b5efit4 ,he does n !re9 d5y1 t !re be cov5ants2 & t !y are sometimes brok51 sometimes kept2 & t su* brea* ( !m may be call$ inju/ice1 & ! obs]vance ( !m ju/ice3 b he que/ione?1 :e!r inju/ice1 tak+ away ! fe> ( ,god1 = ! same fool ha? said 9 8 he>t !re is no ,god1 may n sometimes /& ) t reason1 :i* dictate? to e man 8 own good2 & p>ticul>ly !n1 :5 x conduce? to su* a b5efit1 z %all put a man 9 a condition1 to neglect n only ! dispraise1 & revil+s1 b also ! p[] ( o!r m54 ,! k+dom ( ,god is gott5 by viol5ce3 b :at if x c\ld be gott5 by unju/ viol5ce8 7 x aga9/ reason s to get x1 :5 x is impossible to receive hurt by x8 & if x be n aga9/ reason1 x is n aga9/ ju/ice2 or else ju/ice is n to be approv$ = good4 ,f su* reason+ z ?is1 successful wick$ness ha? obta9$ ! "n ( virtue3 & "s t 9 all o!r ?+s h disall[$ ! violation ( fai?2 yet h all[$ x1 :5 x is = ! gett+ ( a k+dom4 ,& ! hea!n t believ$1 t ,saturn 0 depos$ by 8 son ,jupit]1 believ$ nev]!less ! same ,jupit] to be ! av5g] ( inju/ice3 some:at l to a piece ( law 9 ,coke's ,comm5t>ies on ,littleton2 :]e he says1 if ! "r heir ( ! cr[n be atta9t$ ( treason2 yet ! cr[n %all desc5d to him1 & eo in/ante ! atta9d] be void3 f :i* in/ances a man w be v prone to inf]2 t :5 ! heir app>5t ( a k+dom1 %all kill him t is 9 possession1 ?\gh 8 fa!r2 y may call x inju/ice1 or by :at o!r "n y w2 yet x c nev] be aga9/ reason1 see+ all ! volunt>y actions ( m5 t5d to ! b5efit ( !mselves2 & ^? actions are mo/ reasonable1 t conduce mo/ to _! ends4 ,?is speci\s reason+ is nev]!less false4 ,= ! "q is n ( promises mutual1 :]e !re is no security ( p]=mance on ei!r side2 z :5 !re is no civil p[] erect$ ov] ! p>ties promis+2 = su* promises are no cov5ants3 b ei!r :]e "o ( ! p>ties has p]=m$ already2 or :]e !re is a p[] to make him p]=m2 !re is ! "q :e!r x be aga9/ reason1 t is1 aga9/ ! b5efit ( ! o!r to p]=m1 or n4 ,& ,i say x is n aga9/ reason4 ,= ! manife/ation :]e(1 we are to consid]2 fir/1 t :5 a man do? a ?+1 :i* not)/&+ any ?+ c be =ese51 & reckon$ on1 t5de? to 8 own de/ruction1 h[soev] "s accid5t :i* he c\ld n expect1 arriv+ may turn x to 8 b5efit2 yet su* ev5ts d n make x reasonably or wisely done4 ,secondly1 t 9 a condition ( w>1 :]e9 e man to e man1 = want ( a common p[] to keep !m all 9 awe1 is an enemy1 !re is no man :o c hope by 8 own /r5g?1 or wit1 to def5d himself f de/ruction1 )\t ! help ( conf$]ates2 :]e e "o expects ! same def5ce by ! conf$]ation1 t any "o else does3 & !re=e he :i* decl>es he ?9ks x reason to deceive ^? t help him1 c 9 reason expect no o!r means ( safety1 ?an :at c be _h f 8 own s+le p[]4 ,he !re=e t breake? 8 cov5ant1 & consequ5tly decl>e? t he ?9ks he may ) reason d s1 _c be receiv$ into any society1 t unite !mselves = peace & def5ce1 b by ! error ( !m t receive him2 nor :5 he is receiv$1 be reta9$ 9 x1 )\t see+ ! dang] ( _! error2 :i* errors a man _c reasonably reckon ^u z ! means ( 8 security3 & !re=e if he be left1 or ca/ out ( society1 he p]i%e?2 & if he live 9 society1 x is by ! errors ( o!r m51 :i* he c\ld n =esee1 nor reckon ^u2 & consequ5tly aga9/ ! reason ( 8 pres]vation2 & s1 z all m5 t contribute n to 8 de/ruction1 =be> him only out ( ignorance ( :at is good = !mselves4 ,z = ! in/ance ( ga9+ ! secure & p]petual felicity ( heav51 by any way2 x is frivol\s3 !re be+ b "o way imag9able2 & t is n break+1 b keep+ ( cov5ant4 ,& = ! o!r in/ance ( atta9+ sov]eignty by rebellion2 x is manife/1 t ?\gh ! ev5t foll[1 yet because x _c reasonably be expect$1 b r ! contr>y2 & because by ga9+ x s1 o!rs are taught to ga9 ! same 9 l mann]1 ! attempt !re( is aga9/ reason4 ,ju/ice !re=e1 t is to say1 keep+ ( cov5ant1 is a rule ( reason1 by :i* we are =bidd5 to d any ?+ de/ructive to our life2 & consequ5tly a law ( nature4 ,!re be "s t proce$ fur!r2 & w n h ! law ( nature1 to be ^? rules :i* conduce to ! pres]vation ( man's life on e>?2 b to ! atta9+ ( an et]nal felicity aft] dea?2 to :i* !y ?9k ! brea* ( cov5ant may conduce2 & consequ5tly be j & reasonable2 su* are !y t ?9k x a "w ( m]it to kill1 or depose1 or rebel aga9/1 ! sov]eign p[] con/itut$ ov] !m by _! own cons5t4 ,b because !re is no natural k ( man's e/ate aft] dea?2 mu* less ( ! rew>d t is !n to be giv5 to brea* ( fai?2 b only a belief gr\nd$ ^u o!r m5's say+1 t !y "k x sup]naturally1 or t !y "k ^?1 t knew !m1 t knew o!rs1 t knew x sup]naturally2 brea* ( fai? _c be call$ a precept ( reason1 or nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,cov5ants n dis*>g$ by ! vice ( ! p]son to :om !y are made4 ,o!rs1 t all[ = a law ( nature1 ! keep+ ( fai?1 d nev]!less make exception ( c]ta9 p]sons2 z h]etics1 & su* z use n to p]=m _! cov5ant to o!rs3 & ?is also is aga9/ reason4 ,= if any fault ( a man1 be suffici5t to dis*>ge our cov5ant made2 ! same ought 9 reason to h be5 suffici5t to h h9d]$ ! mak+ ( x4 ,sid5ote3 ,ju/ice ( m5 & ju/ice ( actions :at4 ,! names ( j1 & inju/1 :5 !y are attribut$ to m51 signify "o ?+2 & :5 !y are attribut$ to actions1 ano!r4 ,:5 !y are attribut$ to m51 !y signify con=mity1 or incon=mity ( mann]s1 to reason4 ,b :5 !y are attribut$ to actions1 !y signify ! con=mity1 or incon=mity to reason1 n ( mann]s1 or mann] ( life1 b ( p>ticul> actions4 ,a j man !re=e1 is he t take? all ! c>e he c1 t 8 actions may be all j3 & an unju/ man1 is he t neglecte? x4 ,& su* m5 are m (t5 9 our language /yl$ by ! names ( righte\s1 & unrighte\s2 ?an j1 & unju/2 ?\gh ! mean+ be ! same4 ,!re=e a righte\s man1 does n lose t title1 by "o1 or a few unju/ actions1 t proce$ f sudd5 passion1 or mi/ake ( ?+s1 or p]sons3 nor does an unrighte\s man1 lose 8 "*1 = su* actions1 z he does1 or =be>s to d1 = fe>2 because 8 w is n fram$ by ! ju/ice1 b by ! app>5t b5efit ( :at he is to d4 ,t :i* gives to human actions ! reli% ( ju/ice1 is a c]ta9 nobl5ess or gallantness ( c\rage1 r>ely f\nd1 by :i* a man scorns to be behold5 = ! cont5tm5t ( 8 life1 to fraud1 or brea* ( promise4 ,?is ju/ice ( ! mann]s1 is t :i* is meant1 :]e ju/ice is call$ a virtue2 & inju/ice a vice4 ,b ! ju/ice ( actions d5om9ates m51 n j1 b guiltless3 & ! inju/ice ( ! same1 :i* is also call$ injury1 gives !m b ! "n ( guilty4 ,sid5ote3 ,ju/ice ( mann]s1 & ju/ice ( actions4 ,aga91 ! inju/ice ( mann]s1 is ! disposition1 or aptitude to d injury2 & is inju/ice be=e x proce$ to act2 & )\t suppos+ any individual p]son injur$4 ,b ! inju/ice ( an action1 t is to say injury1 suppose? an individual p]son injur$2 namely him1 to :om ! cov5ant 0 made3 & !re=e _m times ! injury is receiv$ by "o man1 :5 ! damage r$\nde? to ano!r4 ,z :5 ! ma/] comm&e? 8 s]vant to give money to a /rang]2 if x be n done1 ! injury is done to ! ma/]1 :om he _h be=e cov5ant$ to obey2 b ! damage r$\nde? to ! /rang]1 to :om he _h no obligation2 & !re=e c\ld n injure him4 ,& s also 9 commonweal?s1 private m5 may remit to "o ano!r _! debts2 b n robb]ies or o!r viol5ces1 :]eby !y are endamag$2 because ! deta9+ ( debt1 is an injury to !mselves2 b robb]y & viol5ce1 are injuries to ! p]son ( ! commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,no?+ done to a man by 8 own cons5t c be injury4 ,:atsoev] is done to a man1 con=mable to 8 own w signifi$ to ! do]1 is no injury to him4 ,= if he t doe? x1 ha? n pass$ away 8 orig9al "r to d :at he please1 by "s antec$5t cov5ant1 !re is no brea* ( cov5ant2 & !re=e no injury done him4 ,& if he h2 !n 8 w to h x done be+ signifi$1 is a release ( t cov5ant3 & s aga9 !re is no injury done him4 ,sid5ote3 ,ju/ice commutative & di/ributive4 ,ju/ice ( actions1 is by writ]s divid$ into commutative1 & di/ributive3 & ! =m] !y say consi/e? 9 proportion ari?metical2 ! latt] 9 proportion geometrical4 ,commutative !re=e1 !y place 9 ! equality ( value ( ! ?+s contract$ =2 & di/ributive1 9 ! di/ribution ( equal b5efit1 to m5 ( equal m]it4 ,z if x 7 inju/ice to sell de>] ?an we buy2 or to give m to a man ?an he m]its4 ,! value ( all ?+s contract$ =1 is measur$ by ! appetite ( ! contractors3 & !re=e ! j value1 is t :i* !y be cont5t$ to give4 ,& m]it1 besides t :i* is by cov5ant1 :]e ! p]=mance on "o "p1 m]ite? ! p]=mance ( ! o!r "p1 & falls "u ju/ice commutative1 n di/ributive1 is n due by ju/ice2 b is rew>d$ ( grace only4 ,& !re=e ?is di/9ction1 9 ! s5se :]e9 x use? to be exp\nd$1 is n "r4 ,to speak prop]ly1 commutative ju/ice1 is ! ju/ice1 ( a contractor2 t is1 a p]=mance ( cov5ant1 9 buy+1 & sell+2 hir+1 & lett+ to hire2 l5d+1 & borr[+2 ex*ang+1 b>t]+1 & o!r acts ( contract4 ,& di/ributive ju/ice1 ! ju/ice ( an arbitrator2 t is to say1 ! act ( def9+ :at is j4 ,:]e91 be+ tru/$ by !m t make him arbitrator1 if he p]=m 8 tru/1 he is said to di/ribute to e man 8 own3 & ?is is inde$ j di/ribution1 & may be call$1 ?\gh improp]ly1 di/ributive ju/ice2 b m prop]ly equity2 :i* also is a law ( nature1 z %all be %[n 9 due place4 ,sid5ote3 ,! f\r? law ( nature1 gratitude4 ,z ju/ice dep5de? on antec$5t cov5ant2 s does ,,gratitude dep5d on antec$5t grace2 t is to say1 antec$5t free gift3 & is ! f\r? law ( nature2 :i* may be conceiv$ 9 ?is =m1 t a man :i* receive? b5efit f ano!r ( m]e grace1 endeav\r t he :i* give? x1 h no reasonable cause to rep5t him ( 8 good w4 ,= no man give?1 b ) int5tion ( good to himself2 because gift is volunt>y2 & ( all volunt>y acts1 ! object is to e man 8 own good2 ( :i* if m5 see !y %all be fru/rat$1 !re w be no beg9n+ ( b5evol5ce1 or tru/2 nor consequ5tly ( mutual help2 nor ( reconciliation ( "o man to ano!r2 & !re=e !y are to rema9 /ill 9 ! condition ( w>2 :i* is contr>y to ! fir/ & fundam5tal law ( nature1 :i* comm&e? m5 to seek peace4 ,! brea* ( ?is law1 is call$ +ratitude2 & ha? ! same relation to grace1 t inju/ice ha? to obligation by cov5ant4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fif? mutual accommodation1 or complaisance4 ,a fif? law ( nature1 is ,,complaisance2 t is to say1 t e man /rive to accommodate himself to ! re/4 ,= ! und]/&+ :]e(1 we may consid]1 t !re is 9 m5's aptness to society1 a div]sity ( nature1 ris+ f _! div]sity ( affections2 n unlike to t we see 9 /ones br\ght toge!r = build+ ( an edifice4 ,= z t /one :i* by ! asp]ity1 & irregul>ity ( figure1 takes m room f o!rs1 ?an itself fills2 & = ! h>dness1 _c be easily made pla91 & !reby h9d]e? ! build+1 is by ! build]s ca/ away z unpr(itable1 & tr\blesome3 s also1 a man t by asp]ity ( nature1 w /rive to reta9 ^? ?+s :i* to himself are sup]flu\s1 & to o!rs necess>y2 & = ! /ubbornness ( 8 passions1 _c be correct$1 is to be left1 or ca/ out ( society1 z cumb]some !reunto4 ,= see+ e man1 n only by "r1 b also by necessity ( nature1 is suppos$ to endeav\r all he c1 to obta9 t :i* is necess>y = 8 cons]vation2 he t %all oppose himself aga9/ x1 = ?+s sup]flu\s1 is guilty ( ! w> t !reupon is to foll[2 & !re=e do? t1 :i* is contr>y to ! fundam5tal law ( nature1 :i* comm&e? to seek peace4 ,! obs]v]s ( ?is law1 may be call$ ,,sociable1 ! ,lat9s call !m commodi2 ! contr>y1 /ubborn1 insociable1 fr[>d1 intractable4 ,sid5ote3 ,! six?1 facility to p>don4 ,a six? law ( nature1 is ?is1 t ^u caution ( ! future "t1 a man ought to p>don ! (f5ces pa/ ( !m t rep5t+1 desire x4 ,= ,,p>don1 is no?+ b grant+ ( peace2 :i* ?\gh grant$ to !m t p]sev]e 9 _! ho/ility1 be n peace1 b fe>2 yet n grant$ to !m t give caution ( ! future "t1 is sign ( an av]sion to peace2 & !re=e contr>y to ! law ( nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sev5?1 t 9 rev5ges1 m5 respect only ! future good4 ,a sev5? is1 t 9 rev5ges1 t is1 retribution ( evil = evil1 m5 look n at ! greatness ( ! evil pa/1 b ! greatness ( ! good to foll[4 ,:]eby we are =bidd5 to inflict puni%m5t ) any o!r design1 ?an = correction ( ! (f5d]1 or direction ( o!rs4 ,= ?is law is consequ5t to ! next be=e x1 t comm&e? p>don1 ^u security ( ! future "t4 ,besides1 rev5ge )\t respect to ! example1 & pr(it to come1 is a triumph1 or glory+ 9 ! hurt ( ano!r1 t5d+ to no end2 = ! end is always some:at to come2 & glory+ to no end1 is va9-glory1 & contr>y to reason1 & to hurt )\t reason1 t5de? to ! introduction ( w>2 :i* is aga9/ ! law ( nature2 & is commonly /yl$ by ! "n ( cruelty4 ,sid5ote3 ,! eigh?1 aga9/ contumely4 ,& because all signs ( hatr$1 or contempt1 provoke to fight2 insomu* z mo/ m5 *oose r to haz>d _! life1 ?an n to be rev5g$2 we may 9 ! eigh? place1 = a law ( nature1 set d[n ?is precept1 t no man by de$1 ^w1 c\nt5ance1 or ge/ure1 decl>e hatr$1 or contempt ( ano!r4 ,! brea* ( :i* law1 is commonly call$ contumely4 ,sid5ote3 ,! n9?1 aga9/ pride4 ,! "q :o is ! bett] man1 has no place 9 ! condition ( m]e nature2 :]e1 z has be5 %ewn be=e1 all m5 are equal4 ,! inequality t n[ is1 has be5 introduc$ by ! laws civil4 ,i "k t ,ari/otle 9 ! fir/ book ( 8 ,politics1 = a f\ndation ( 8 doctr9e1 make? m5 by nature1 "s m wor?y to comm&1 mean+ ! wis] sort1 su* z he ?\ght himself to be = 8 philosophy2 o!rs to s]ve1 mean+ ^? t _h /rong bodies1 b 7 n philosoph]s z he2 z if ma/] & s]vant 7 n introduc$ by cons5t ( m51 b by diff]5ce ( wit3 :i* is n only aga9/ reason2 b also aga9/ exp]i5ce4 ,= !re are v few s fooli%1 t _h n r gov]n !mselves1 ?an be gov]n$ by o!rs3 nor :5 ! wise 9 _! own conceit1 cont5d by =ce1 ) !m :o di/ru/ _! own wisdom1 d !y always1 or (t51 or almo/ at any "t1 get ! victory4 ,if nature !re=e h made m5 equal1 t equality is to be ackn[l$g$3 or if nature h made m5 unequal2 yet because m5 t ?9k !mselves equal1 w n ent] into conditions ( peace1 b ^u equal t]ms1 su* equality mu/ be admitt$4 ,& !re=e = ! n9? law ( nature1 ,i put ?is1 t e man ackn[l$ge ano!r = 8 equal by nature4 ,! brea* ( ?is precept is pride4 ,sid5ote3 ,! t5?1 aga9/ arrogance4 ,on ?is law1 dep5de? ano!r1 t at ! entrance into conditions ( peace1 no man require to res]ve to himself any "r1 :i* he is n cont5t %\ld be res]v$ to e "o ( ! re/4 ,z x is necess>y = all m5 t seek peace1 to lay d[n c]ta9 rights ( nature2 t is to say1 n to h lib]ty to d all !y li/3 s is x necess>y = man's life1 to reta9 "s2 z "r to gov]n _! own bodies2 enjoy air1 wat]1 motion1 ways to g f place to place2 & all ?+s else1 )\t :i* a man _c live1 or n live well4 ,if 9 ?is case1 at ! mak+ ( peace1 m5 require = !mselves1 t :i* !y w\ld n h to be grant$ to o!rs1 !y d contr>y to ! prec$5t law1 t comm&e? ! ackn[l$gm5t ( natural equality1 & !re=e also aga9/ ! law ( nature4 ,! obs]v]s ( ?is law1 are ^? we call mode/1 & ! break]s arrogant m54 ,! ,greeks call ! violation ( ?is law 2 t is1 a desire ( m ?an _! %>e4 ,sid5ote3 ,! elev5?1 equity4 ,also if a man be tru/$ to judge betwe5 man & man1 x is a precept ( ! law ( nature1 t he deal equally betwe5 !m4 ,= )\t t1 ! controv]sies ( m5 _c be det]m9$ b by w>4 ,he !re=e t is p>tial 9 judgm5t1 do? :at 9 him lies1 to det] m5 f ! use ( judges1 & arbitrators2 & consequ5tly1 aga9/ ! fundam5tal law ( nature1 is ! cause ( w>4 ,! obs]vance ( ?is law1 f ! equal di/ribution to ea* man1 ( t :i* 9 reason belonge? to him1 is call$ ,,equity1 &1 z ,i h said be=e1 di/ributive ju/ice3 ! violation1 acception ( p]sons1 4 ,sid5ote3 ,! twelf?1 equal use ( ?+s common4 ,& f ?is foll[e? ano!r law1 t su* ?+s z _c be divid$1 be enjoy$ 9 common1 if x c be2 & if ! quantity ( ! ?+ p]mit1 )\t /9t2 o!rwise proportionably to ! numb] ( !m t h "r4 ,= o!rwise ! di/ribution is unequal1 & contr>y to equity4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ?irte5?1 ( lot4 ,b "s ?+s !re be1 t c nei!r be divid$1 nor enjoy$ 9 common4 ,!n1 ! law ( nature1 :i* prescribe? equity1 require?1 t ! entire "r2 or else1 mak+ ! use alt]nate1 ! fir/ possession1 be det]m9$ by lot4 ,= equal di/ribution1 is ( ! law ( nature2 & o!r means ( equal di/ribution _c be imag9$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! f\rte5?1 ( primog5iture1 & fir/ seiz+4 ,( lots !re be two sorts1 arbitr>y1 & natural4 ,arbitr>y1 is t :i* is agre$ on by ! competitors3 natural1 is ei!r primog5iture1 :i* ! ,greek calls 1 :i* signifies1 giv5 by lot2 or fir/ seizure4 ,& !re=e ^? ?+s :i* _c be enjoy$ 9 common1 nor divid$1 ought to be adjudg$ to ! fir/ possessor2 & 9 "s cases to ! fir/ born1 z acquir$ by lot4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fifte5?1 ( m$iators4 ,x is also a law ( nature1 t all m5 t m$iate peace1 be all[$ safe conduct4 ,= ! law t comm&e? peace1 z ! end1 comm&e? int]cession1 z ! means2 & to int]cession ! means is safe conduct4 ,illu/ration3 ,! sixte5?1 ( submission to arbitrem5t4 ,& because1 ?\gh m5 be nev] s will+ to obs]ve ^! laws1 !re may nev]!less arise que/ions conc]n+ a man's action2 fir/1 :e!r x 7 done1 or n done2 secondly1 if done1 :e!r aga9/ ! law1 or n aga9/ ! law2 ! =m] :]e(1 is call$ a "q ( fact2 ! latt] a "q ( "r1 !re=e unless ! p>ties to ! "q1 cov5ant mutually to /& to ! s5t5ce ( ano!r1 !y are z f> f peace z ev]4 ,?is o!r to ^: s5t5ce !y submit is call$ an ,,arbitrator4 ,& !re=e x is ( ! law ( nature1 t !y t are at controv]sy1 submit _! "r to ! judgm5t ( an arbitrator4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sev5te5?1 no man is 8 own judge4 ,& see+ e man is presum$ to d all ?+s 9 ord] to 8 own b5efit1 no man is a fit arbitrator 9 8 own cause2 & if he 7 nev] s fit2 yet equity all[+ to ea* p>ty equal b5efit1 if "o be admitt$ to be judge1 ! o!r is to be admitt$ also2 & s ! controv]sy1 t is1 ! cause ( w>1 rema9s1 aga9/ ! law ( nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,! eighte5?1 no man to be judge1 t has 9 him a natural cause ( p>tiality4 ,= ! same reason no man 9 any cause ought to be receiv$ = arbitrator1 to :om great] pr(it1 or hon\r1 or pleasure app>5tly arise? out ( ! victory ( "o p>ty1 ?an ( ! o!r3 = he ha? tak51 ?\gh an unavoidable bribe1 yet a bribe2 & no man c be oblig$ to tru/ him4 ,& ?us also ! controv]sy1 & ! condition ( w> rema9e?1 contr>y to ! law ( nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,! n9ete5? ( witnesses4 ,& 9 a controv]sy ( fact1 ! judge be+ to give no m cr$it to "o1 ?an to ! o!r1 if !re be no o!r argum5ts1 mu/ give cr$it to a ?ird2 or to a ?ird & f\r?2 or m3 = else ! "q is undecid$1 & left to =ce1 contr>y to ! law ( nature4 ,^! are ! laws ( nature1 dictat+ peace1 = a means ( ! cons]vation ( m5 9 multitudes2 & :i* only conc]n ! doctr9e ( civil society4 ,!re be o!r ?+s t5d+ to ! de/ruction ( p>ticul> m52 z drunk5ness1 & all o!r p>ts ( intemp]ance2 :i* may !re=e also be reckon$ among/ ^? ?+s :i* ! law ( nature ha? =bidd52 b are n necess>y to be m5tion$1 nor are p]t95t en\gh to ?is place4 ,sid5ote3 ,a rule1 by :i* ! laws ( nature may easily be exam9$4 ,& ?\gh ?is may seem too subtle a d$uction ( ! laws ( nature1 to be tak5 notice ( by all m52 :]e( ! mo/ "p are too busy 9 gett+ food1 & ! re/ too neglig5t to und]/&2 yet to leave all m5 inexcusable1 !y h be5 contract$ into "o easy sum1 intelligible ev5 to ! meane/ capacity2 & t is1 ,d n t to ano!r1 :i* ?\ w\lde/ n h done to ?yself2 :i* %ewe? him1 t he has no m to d 9 le>n+ ! laws ( nature1 b1 :5 weigh+ ! actions ( o!r m5 ) 8 own1 !y seem too heavy1 to put !m into ! o!r "p ( ! balance1 & 8 own into _! place1 t 8 own passions1 & self-love1 may add no?+ to ! weight2 & !n !re is none ( ^! laws ( nature t w n appe> unto him v reasonable4 ,sid5ote3 ,! laws ( nature oblige 9 consci5ce always1 b 9 effect !n only :5 !re is security4 ,! laws ( nature oblige 9 =o int]no2 t is to say1 !y b9d to a desire !y %\ld take place3 b 9 =o ext]no2 t is1 to ! putt+ !m 9 act1 n always4 ,= he t %\ld be mode/1 & tractable1 & p]=m all he promises1 9 su* "t1 & place1 :]e no man else %\ld d s1 %\ld b make himself a prey to o!rs1 & procure 8 own c]ta9 ru91 contr>y to ! gr\nd ( all laws ( nature1 :i* t5d to nature's pres]vation4 ,& aga91 he t hav+ suffici5t security1 t o!rs %all obs]ve ! same laws t[>ds him1 obs]ves !m n himself1 seeke? n peace1 b w>2 & consequ5tly ! de/ruction ( 8 nature by viol5ce4 ,& :atsoev] laws b9d 9 =o int]no1 may be brok51 n only by a fact contr>y to ! law1 b also by a fact accord+ to x1 9 case a man ?9k x contr>y4 ,= ?\gh 8 action 9 ?is case1 be accord+ to ! law2 yet 8 purpose 0 aga9/ ! law2 :i*1 :]e ! obligation is 9 =o int]no1 is a brea*4 ,sid5ote3 ,! laws ( nature are et]nal4 ,! laws ( nature are immutable & et]nal2 = inju/ice1 +ratitude1 arrogance1 pride1 iniquity1 acception ( p]sons1 & ! re/1 c nev] be made lawful4 ,= x c nev] be t w> %all pres]ve life1 & peace de/roy x4 ,sid5ote3 ,& yet easy4 ,! same laws1 because !y oblige only to a desire1 & endeav\r1 ,i mean an unfeign$ & con/ant endeav\r1 are easy to be obs]v$4 ,= 9 t !y require no?+ b endeav\r1 he t endeav\re? _! p]=mance1 fulfille? !m2 & he t fulfille? ! law1 is j4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sci5ce ( ^! laws1 is ! true moral philosophy4 ,& ! sci5ce ( !m1 is ! true & only moral philosophy4 ,= moral philosophy is no?+ else b ! sci5ce ( :at is good1 & evil1 9 ! conv]sation1 & society ( mank9d4 ,good1 & evil1 are names t signify our appetites1 & av]sions2 :i* 9 diff]5t temp]s1 cu/oms1 & doctr9es ( m51 are diff]5t3 & div]s m51 diff] n only 9 _! judgm5t1 on ! s5ses ( :at is pleasant1 & unpleasant to ! ta/e1 smell1 he>+1 t\*1 & sight2 b also ( :at is con=mable1 or disagreeable to reason1 9 ! actions ( common life4 ,nay1 ! same man1 9 div]s times1 diff]s f himself2 & "o "t praise?1 t is1 calle? good1 :at ano!r "t he dispraise?1 & calle? evil3 f :5ce arise disputes1 controv]sies1 & at la/ w>4 ,& !re=e s long z a man is 9 ! condition ( m]e nature1 :i* is a condition ( w>1 z private appetite is ! measure ( good1 & evil3 & consequ5tly all m5 agree on ?is1 t peace is good1 & !re=e also ! way1 or means ( peace1 :i*1 z ,i h %ew$ be=e1 are ju/ice1 gratitude1 mode/y1 equity1 m]cy1 & ! re/ ( ! laws ( nature1 are good2 t is to say2 moral virtues2 & _! contr>y vices1 evil4 ,n[ ! sci5ce ( virtue & vice1 is moral philosophy2 & !re=e ! true doctr9e ( ! laws ( nature1 is ! true moral philosophy4 ,b ! writ]s ( moral philosophy1 ?\gh !y ackn[l$ge ! same virtues & vices2 yet n see+ :]e9 consi/$ _! goodness2 nor t !y come to be prais$1 z ! means ( peaceable1 sociable1 & com=table liv+1 place !m 9 a m$iocrity ( passions3 z if n ! cause1 b ! degree ( d>+1 made =titude2 or n ! cause1 b ! quantity ( a gift1 made lib]ality4 ,^! dictates ( reason1 m5 us$ to call by ! "n ( laws1 b improp]ly3 = !y are b conclusions1 or !orems conc]n+ :at conduce? to ! cons]vation & def5ce ( !mselves2 :]eas law1 prop]ly1 is ! ^w ( him1 t by "r ha? comm& ov] o!rs4 ,b yet if we consid] ! same !orems1 z deliv]$ 9 ! ^w ( ,god1 t by "r comm&e? all ?+s2 !n are !y prop]ly call$ laws4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,( ,,p]sons1 ,,au?ors1 ,,& ,,?+s ,,p]sonat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,a p]son :at4 ,a ,,p]son1 is he1 ^: words or actions are consid]$1 ei!r z 8 own1 or z repres5t+ ! words or actions ( ano!r man1 or ( any o!r ?+1 to :om !y are attribut$1 :e!r truly or by fiction4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]son natural1 & artificial4 ,:5 !y are consid]$ z 8 own1 !n is he call$ a natural p]son3 & :5 !y are consid]$ z repres5t+ ! words & actions ( ano!r1 !n is he a feign$ or artificial p]son4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ^w p]son1 :5ce4 ,! ^w p]son is ,lat93 in/ead :]e( ! ,greeks h 1 :i* signifies ! face1 z p]sona 9 ,lat9 signifies ! disguise1 or outw>d appe>ance ( a man1 c\nt]feit$ on ! /age2 & sometimes m p>ticul>ly t "p ( x1 :i* disguise? ! face1 z a mask or viz>d3 & f ! /age1 ha? be5 translat$ to any repres5t] ( spee* & action1 z well 9 tribunals1 z !atres4 ,s t a p]son1 is ! same t an actor is1 bo? on ! /age & 9 common conv]sation2 & to p]sonate1 is to act1 or repres5t himself1 or ano!r2 & he t acte? ano!r1 is said to be> 8 p]son1 or act 9 8 "n2 9 :i* s5se ,cic]o use? x :]e he says1 ,unus su/9eo tres p]sonas2 mei1 adv]s>ii1 et judicis3 ,i be> ?ree p]sons2 my own1 my adv]s>y's1 & ! judge's2 & is call$ 9 div]s occasions1 div]sly2 z a repres5t]1 or repres5tative1 a lieut5ant1 a vic>1 an attorney1 a deputy1 a procurator1 an actor1 & ! l4 ,( p]sons artificial1 "s h _! words & actions own$ by ^? :om !y repres5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,actor4 ,& !n ! p]son is ! actor2 ,sid5ote3 ,au?or4 & he t owne? 8 words & actions1 is ! ,,au?or3 9 :i* case ! actor acte? by au?ority4 ,= t :i* 9 speak+ ( goods & possessions1 is call$ an own]1 & 9 ,lat9 dom9us1 9 ,greek speak+ ( actions1 is call$ au?or4 ,& z ! "r ( possession1 is call$ dom9ion2 ,sid5ote3 ,au?ority4 s ! "r ( do+ any action1 is call$ ,,au?ority4 ,s t by au?ority1 is always und]/ood a "r ( do+ any act2 & done by au?ority1 done by commission1 or lic5ce f him ^: "r x is4 ,sid5ote3 ,cov5ants by au?ority1 b9d ! au?or4 ,f h5ce x foll[e?1 t :5 ! actor make? a cov5ant by au?ority1 he b9de? !reby ! au?or1 no less ?an if he _h made x himself2 & no less subjecte? him to all ! consequ5ces ( ! same4 ,& !re=e all t ha? be5 said =m]ly1 7*ap4 ,,xiv7 ( ! nature ( cov5ants betwe5 man & man 9 _! natural capacity1 is true also :5 !y are made by _! actors1 repres5t]s1 or procurators1 t h au?ority f !m1 s f> =? z is 9 _! commission1 b no fur!r4 ,& !re=e he t make? a cov5ant ) ! actor1 or repres5t]1 n kn[+ ! au?ority he ha?1 do? x at 8 own p]il4 ,= no man is oblig$ by a cov5ant1 :]e( he is n au?or2 nor consequ5tly by a cov5ant made aga9/1 or beside ! au?ority he gave4 ,sid5ote3 ,b n ! actor4 ,:5 ! actor do? any?+ aga9/ ! law ( nature by comm& ( ! au?or1 if he be oblig$ by =m] cov5ant to obey him1 n he1 b ! au?or breake? ! law ( nature2 = ?\gh ! action be aga9/ ! law ( nature2 yet x is n 83 b contr>ily1 to refuse to d x1 is aga9/ ! law ( nature1 t =bidde? brea* ( cov5ant4 ,sid5ote3 ,! au?ority is to be %[n4 ,& he t make? a cov5ant ) ! au?or1 by m$iation ( ! actor1 n kn[+ :at au?ority he ha?1 b only takes 8 ^w2 9 case su* au?ority be n made manife/ unto him ^u dem&1 is no long] oblig$3 = ! cov5ant made ) ! au?or1 is n valid1 )\t 8 c\nt]-assurance4 ,b if he t s cov5ante?1 knew be=eh& he 0 to expect no o!r assurance1 ?an ! actor's ^w2 !n is ! cov5ant valid2 because ! actor 9 ?is case make? himself ! au?or4 ,& !re=e1 z :5 ! au?ority is evid5t1 ! cov5ant oblige? ! au?or1 n ! actor2 s :5 ! au?ority is feign$1 x oblige? ! actor only2 !re be+ no au?or b himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,?+s p]sonat$1 inanimate4 ,!re are few ?+s1 t are incapable ( be+ repres5t$ by fiction4 ,inanimate ?+s1 z a *ur*1 an hospital1 a bridge1 may be p]sonat$ by a rector1 ma/]1 or ov]se]4 ,b ?+s inanimate1 _c be au?ors1 nor !re=e give au?ority to _! actors3 yet ! actors may h au?ority to procure _! ma9t5ance1 giv5 !m by ^? t are own]s1 or gov]nors ( ^? ?+s4 ,& !re=e1 su* ?+s _c be p]sonat$1 be=e !re be "s /ate ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,irrational4 ,likewise *ildr51 fools1 & madm5 t h no use ( reason1 may be p]sonat$ by gu>dians1 or curators2 b c be no au?ors1 dur+ t "t1 ( any action done by !m1 long] ?an1 :5 !y %all recov] ! use ( reason1 !y %all judge ! same reasonable4 ,yet dur+ ! folly1 he t ha? "r ( gov]n+ !m1 may give au?ority to ! gu>dian4 ,b ?is aga9 has no place b 9 a /ate civil1 because be=e su* e/ate1 !re is no dom9ion ( p]sons4 ,sid5ote3 ,false gods4 ,an idol1 or m]e figm5t ( ! bra91 may be p]sonat$2 z 7 ! gods ( ! hea!n3 :i* by su* (fic]s z ! /ate appo9t$1 7 p]sonat$1 & held possessions1 & o!r goods1 & rights1 :i* m5 f "t to "t d$icat$1 & consecrat$ unto !m4 ,b idols _c be au?ors3 = an idol is no?+4 ,! au?ority proce$$ f ! /ate3 & !re=e be=e introduction ( civil gov]nm5t1 ! gods ( ! hea!n c\ld n be p]sonat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! true ,god4 ,! true ,god may be p]sonat$4 ,z he 02 fir/1 by ,moses2 :o gov]n$ ! ,israelites1 t 7 n 81 b ,god's p1 n 9 8 own "n1 ) hoc dicit ,moses2 b 9 ,god's "n1 ) hoc dicit ,dom9us4 ,secondly1 by ! ,son ( man1 8 own ,son1 our bless$ ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/1 t came to r$uce ! ,jews1 & induce all nations into ! k+dom ( 8 fa!r2 n z ( himself1 b z s5t f 8 fa!r4 ,& ?irdly1 by ! ,holy ,gho/1 or ,com=t]1 speak+1 & work+ 9 ! ,apo/les3 :i* ,holy ,gho/1 0 a ,com=t] t came n ( himself2 b 0 s5t1 & proce$$ f !m bo?4 ,sid5ote3 ,a multitude ( m51 h[ "o p]son4 ,a multitude ( m51 are made "o p]son1 :5 !y are by "o man1 or "o p]son1 repres5t$2 s t x be done ) ! cons5t ( e "o ( t multitude 9 p>ticul>4 ,= x is ! unity ( ! repres5t]1 n ! unity ( ! repres5t$1 t make? ! p]son "o4 ,& x is ! repres5t] t be>e? ! p]son1 & b "o p]son3 & unity1 _c o!rwise be und]/ood 9 multitude4 ,sid5ote3 ,e "o is au?or4 ,& because ! multitude naturally is n "o1 b _m2 !y _c be und]/ood = "o2 b _m au?ors1 ( e ?+ _! repres5tative sai?1 or do? 9 _! "n2 e man giv+ _! common repres5t]1 au?ority f himself 9 p>ticul>2 & own+ all ! actions ! repres5t] do?1 9 case !y give him au?ority )\t /9t3 o!rwise1 :5 !y limit him 9 :at1 & h[ f> he %all repres5t !m1 none ( !m owne? m ?an !y gave him commission to act4 ,sid5ote3 ,an actor may be _m m5 made "o by plurality ( voices4 ,& if ! repres5tative consi/ ( _m m51 ! voice ( ! great] numb]1 mu/ be consid]$ z ! voice ( !m all4 ,= if ! less] numb] pron\nce1 = example1 9 ! affirmative1 & ! great] 9 ! negative1 !re w be negatives m ?an en\gh to de/roy ! affirmatives2 & !reby ! excess ( negatives1 /&+ uncontradict$1 are ! only voice ! repres5tative ha?4 ,sid5ote3 ,repres5tatives1 :5 ! numb] is ev51 unpr(itable4 ,& a repres5tative ( ev5 numb]1 especially :5 ! numb] is n great1 :]eby ! contradictory voices are (t5times equal1 is !re=e (t5times mute1 & incapable ( action4 ,yet 9 "s cases contradictory voices equal 9 numb]1 may det]m9e a "q2 z 9 condemn+1 or absolv+1 equality ( votes1 ev5 9 t !y condemn n1 d absolve2 b n on ! contr>y condemn1 9 t !y absolve n4 ,= :5 a cause is he>d2 n to condemn1 is to absolve3 b on ! contr>y1 to say t n absolv+1 is condemn+1 is n true4 ,! l x is 9 a delib]ation ( execut+ pres5tly1 or def]r+ till ano!r "t3 = :5 ! voices are equal1 ! n decree+ execution1 is a decree ( dilation4 ,sid5ote3 ,negative voice4 ,or if ! numb] be odd1 z ?ree1 or m1 m5 or assemblies2 :]e( e "o has by a negative voice1 au?ority to take away ! effect ( all ! affirmative voices ( ! re/1 ?is numb] is no repres5tative2 because by ! div]sity ( op9ions1 & int]e/s ( m51 x becomes (t5times1 & 9 cases ( ! greate/ consequ5ce1 a mute p]son1 & unapt1 z = _m ?+s else1 s = ! gov]nm5t ( a multitude1 especially 9 "t ( w>4 ,( au?ors !re be two sorts4 ,! fir/ simply s call$2 :i* ,i h be=e def9$ to be him1 t owne? ! action ( ano!r simply4 ,! second is he1 t owne? an action1 or cov5ant ( ano!r conditionally2 t is to say1 he und]take? to d x1 if ! o!r do? x n1 at1 or be=e a c]ta9 "t4 ,& ^! au?ors conditional1 are g5]ally call$ ,,sureties1 9 ,lat91 fidejussores1 & sponsores2 & p>ticul>ly = debt1 prdes2 & = appe>ance be=e a judge1 or magi/rate1 vades4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,( ,,commonweal?4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,( ,,! ,,causes1 ,,g5]ation1 ,,& ,,def9ition ,,( ,a ,,commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! end ( commonweal?1 p>ticul> security3 ,! f9al cause1 end1 or design ( m51 :o naturally love lib]ty1 & dom9ion ov] o!rs1 9 ! introduction ( t re/ra9t ^u !mselves1 9 :i* we see !m live 9 commonweal?s1 is ! =esight ( _! own pres]vation1 & ( a m cont5t$ life !reby2 t is to say1 ( gett+ !mselves out f t mis]able condition ( w>1 :i* is necess>ily consequ5t1 z ha? be5 %[n 9 *apt] ,,xiii1 to ! natural passions ( m51 :5 !re is no visible p[] to keep !m 9 awe1 & tie !m by fe> ( puni%m5t to ! p]=mance ( _! cov5ants1 & obs]vation ( ^? laws ( nature set d[n 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? *apt]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,:i* is n to be _h f ! law ( nature3 ,= ! laws ( nature1 z ju/ice1 equity1 mode/y1 m]cy1 &1 9 sum1 do+ to o!rs1 z we w\ld be done to1 ( !mselves1 )\t ! t]ror ( "s p[]1 to cause !m to be obs]v$1 are contr>y to our natural passions1 t c>ry u to p>tiality1 pride1 rev5ge1 & ! l4 ,& cov5ants1 )\t ! sword1 are b words1 & ( no /r5g? to secure a man at all4 ,!re=e not)/&+ ! laws ( nature1 :i* e "o ha? !n kept1 :5 he has ! w to keep !m1 :5 he c d x safely1 if !re be no p[] erect$1 or n great en\gh = our security2 e man w1 & may lawfully rely on 8 own /r5g? & art1 = caution aga9/ all o!r m54 ,& 9 all places1 :]e m5 h liv$ by small families1 to rob & spoil "o ano!r1 has be5 a trade1 & s f> f be+ reput$ aga9/ ! law ( nature1 t ! great] spoils !y ga9$1 ! great] 0 _! hon\r2 & m5 obs]v$ no o!r laws !re91 b ! laws ( hon\r2 t is1 to ab/a9 f cruelty1 leav+ to m5 _! lives1 & in/rum5ts ( husb&ry4 ,& z small families did !n2 s n[ d cities & k+doms :i* are b great] families1 = _! own security1 enl>ge _! dom9ions1 ^u all pret5ces ( dang]1 & fe> ( invasion1 or assi/ance t may be giv5 to invad]s1 & endeav\r z mu* z !y c1 to subdue1 or weak5 _! neighb\rs1 by op5 =ce1 & secret arts1 = want ( o!r caution1 ju/ly2 & are rememb]$ = x 9 aft] ages ) hon\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor f ! conjunction ( a few m5 or families3 ,nor is x ! jo9+ toge!r ( a small numb] ( m51 t gives !m ?is security2 because 9 small numb]s1 small additions on ! "o side or ! o!r1 make ! advantage ( /r5g? s great1 z is suffici5t to c>ry ! victory2 & !re=e gives enc\ragem5t to an invasion4 ,! multitude suffici5t to confide 9 = our security1 is n det]m9$ by any c]ta9 numb]1 b by comp>ison ) ! enemy we fe>2 & is !n suffici5t1 :5 ! odds ( ! enemy is n ( s visible & conspicu\s mom5t1 to det]m9e ! ev5t ( w>1 z to move him to attempt4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor f a great multitude1 unless direct$ by "o judgm5t3 ,& be !re nev] s great a multitude2 yet if _! actions be direct$ accord+ to _! p>ticul> judgm5ts1 & p>ticul> appetites1 !y c expect !reby no def5ce1 nor protection1 nei!r aga9/ a common enemy1 nor aga9/ ! injuries ( "o ano!r4 ,= be+ di/ract$ 9 op9ions conc]n+ ! be/ use & application ( _! /r5g?1 !y d n help b h9d] "o ano!r2 & r$uce _! /r5g? by mutual opposition to no?+3 :]eby !y are easily1 n only subdu$ by a v few t agree toge!r2 b also :5 !re is no common enemy1 !y make w> ^u ea* o!r1 = _! p>ticul> int]e/s4 ,= if we c\ld suppose a great multitude ( m5 to cons5t 9 ! obs]vation ( ju/ice1 & o!r laws ( nature1 )\t a common p[] to keep !m all 9 awe2 we might z well suppose all mank9d to d ! same2 & !n !re nei!r w\ld be1 nor ne$ to be any civil gov]nm5t1 or ,commonweal? at all2 because !re w\ld be peace )\t subjection4 ,sid5ote3 ,& t cont9ually4 ,nor is x en\gh = ! security1 :i* m5 desire %\ld la/ all ! "t ( _! life1 t !y be gov]n$1 & direct$ by "o judgm5t1 = a limit$ "t2 z 9 "o battle1 or "o w>4 ,= ?\gh !y obta9 a victory by _! unanim\s endeav\r aga9/ a =eign enemy2 yet aft]w>ds1 :5 ei!r !y h no common enemy1 or he t by "o "p is held = an enemy1 is by ano!r "p held = a fri5d1 !y mu/ ne$s by ! diff]5ce ( _! int]e/s dissolve1 & fall aga9 into a w> among/ !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,:y c]ta9 creatures )\t reason1 or spee*1 d nev]!less live 9 society1 )\t any co]cive p[]4 ,x is true1 t c]ta9 liv+ creatures1 z bees1 & ants1 live sociably "o ) ano!r1 :i* are !re=e by ,ari/otle numb]$ among/ political creatures2 & yet h no o!r direction1 ?an _! p>ticul> judgm5ts & appetites2 nor spee*1 :]eby "o ( !m c signify to ano!r1 :at he ?9ks exp$i5t = ! common b5efit3 & !re=e "s man may p]haps desire to "k1 :y mank9d _c d ! same4 ,to :i* ,i answ]1 ,fir/1 t m5 are cont9ually 9 competition = hon\r & dignity1 :i* ^! creatures are n2 & consequ5tly among/ m5 !re arise? on t gr\nd1 envy & hatr$1 & f9ally w>2 b among/ ^! n s4 ,secondly1 t among/ ^! creatures1 ! common good diff]e? n f ! private2 & be+ by nature incl9$ to _! private1 !y procure !reby ! common b5efit4 ,b man1 ^: joy consi/e? 9 comp>+ himself ) o!r m51 c reli% no?+ b :at is em95t4 ,?irdly1 t ^! creatures1 hav+ n1 z man1 ! use ( reason1 d n see1 nor ?9k !y see any fault1 9 ! adm9i/ration ( _! common bus9ess2 :]eas among/ m51 !re are v _m1 t ?9k !mselves wis]1 & abl] to gov]n ! public1 bett] ?an ! re/2 & ^! /rive to re=m & innovate1 "o ?is way1 ano!r t way2 & !reby br+ x into di/raction & civil w>4 ,f\r?ly1 t ^! creatures1 ?\gh !y h "s use ( voice1 9 mak+ kn[n to "o ano!r _! desires1 & o!r affections2 yet !y want t art ( words1 by :i* "s m5 c repres5t to o!rs1 t :i* is good1 9 ! lik5ess ( evil2 & evil1 9 ! lik5ess ( good2 & augm5t1 or dim9i% ! app>5t greatness ( good & evil2 discont5t+ m51 & tr\bl+ _! peace at _! pleasure4 ,fif?ly1 irrational creatures _c di/+ui% betwe5 injury & damage2 & !re=e z long z !y be at ease1 !y are n (f5d$ ) _! fell[s3 :]eas man is !n mo/ tr\blesome1 :5 he is mo/ at ease3 = !n x is t he loves to %ew 8 wisdom1 & control ! actions ( !m t gov]n ! commonweal?4 ,la/ly1 ! agreem5t ( ^! creatures is natural2 t ( m51 is by cov5ant only1 :i* is artificial3 & !re=e x is no wond] if !re be some:at else requir$1 besides cov5ant1 to make _! agreem5t con/ant & la/+2 :i* is a common p[]1 to keep !m 9 awe1 & to direct _! actions to ! common b5efit4 ,sid5ote3 ,! g5]ation ( a commonweal?4 ,! only way to erect su* a common p[]1 z may be able to def5d !m f ! invasion ( =eign]s1 & ! injuries ( "o ano!r1 & !reby to secure !m 9 su* sort1 z t by _! own indu/ry1 & by ! fruits ( ! e>?1 !y may n\ri% !mselves & live cont5t$ly2 is1 to conf] all _! p[] & /r5g? ^u "o man1 or ^u "o assembly ( m51 t may r$uce all _! wills1 by plurality ( voices1 unto "o w3 :i* is z mu* z to say1 to appo9t "o man1 or assembly ( m51 to be> _! p]son2 & e "o to own1 & ackn[l$ge himself to be au?or ( :atsoev] he t s be>e? _! p]son1 %all act1 or cause to be act$1 9 ^? ?+s :i* conc]n ! common peace & safety2 & !re9 to submit _! wills1 e "o to 8 w1 & _! judgm5ts1 to 8 judgm5t4 ,?is is m ?an cons5t1 or concord2 x is a real unity ( !m all1 9 "o & ! same p]son1 made by cov5ant ( e man ) e man1 9 su* mann]1 z if e man %\ld say to e man1 ,i au?orise & give up my "r ( gov]n+ myself1 to ?is man1 or to ?is assembly ( m51 on ?is condition1 t ?\ give up ?y "r to him1 & au?orize all 8 actions 9 l mann]4 ,?is done1 ! multitude s unit$ 9 "o p]son1 is call$ a ,,commonweal?1 9 ,lat9 ,,civitas4 ,?is is ! g5]ation ( t great ,,levia?an1 or r1 to speak m rev]5tly1 ( t mortal god1 to :i* we owe "u ! immortal ,god1 our peace & def5ce4 ,= by ?is au?ority1 giv5 him by e p>ticul> man 9 ! commonweal?1 he ha? ! use ( s mu* p[] & /r5g? conf]r$ on him1 t by t]ror !re(1 he is enabl$ to p]=m ! wills ( !m all1 to peace at home1 & mutual aid aga9/ _! enemies abroad4 ,sid5ote3 ,! def9ition ( a commonweal?4 ,& 9 him consi/e? ! ess5ce ( ! commonweal?2 :i*1 to def9e x1 is "o p]son1 ( ^: acts a great multitude1 by mutual cov5ants "o ) ano!r1 h made !mselves e "o ! au?or1 to ! end he may use ! /r5g? & means ( !m all1 z he %all ?9k exp$i5t1 = _! peace & common def5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,sov]eign1 & subject1 :at4 ,& he t c>rie? ?is p]son1 is call$ ,,sov]eign1 & said to h sov]eign p[]2 & e "o besides1 8 ,,subject4 ,! atta9+ to ?is sov]eign p[]1 is by two ways4 ,"o1 by natural =ce2 z :5 a man make? 8 *ildr51 to submit !mselves1 & _! *ildr5 to 8 gov]nm5t1 z be+ able to de/roy !m if !y refuse2 or by w> subdue? 8 enemies to 8 w1 giv+ !m _! lives on t condition4 ,! o!r1 is :5 m5 agree among/ !mselves1 to submit to "s man1 or assembly ( m51 volunt>ily1 on confid5ce to be protect$ by him aga9/ all o!rs4 ,?is latt]1 may be call$ a political commonweal?1 or commonweal? by in/itution2 & ! =m]1 a commonweal? by acquisition4 ,& fir/1 ,i %all speak ( a commonweal? by in/itution4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,( ,,! ,,rights ,,( ,,sov]eigns ,,by ,,in/itution4 ,sid5ote3 ,! act ( in/itut+ a commonweal?1 :at4 ,a commonweal? is said to be in/itut$1 :5 a multitude ( m5 d agree2 & cov5ant1 e "o1 ) e "o1 t to :atsoev] man1 or assembly ( m51 %all be giv5 by ! major "p1 ! "r to pres5t ! p]son ( !m all1 t is to say1 to be _! repres5tative2 e "o1 z well he t vot$ = x1 z he t vot$ aga9/ x1 %all au?orize all ! actions & judgm5ts1 ( t man1 or assembly ( m51 9 ! same mann]1 z if !y 7 8 own1 to ! end1 to live peaceably among/ !mselves1 & be protect$ aga9/ o!r m54 ,sid5ote3 ,! consequ5ces to su* in/itution1 are4 ,f ?is in/itution ( a commonweal? are d]iv$ all ! rights1 & faculties ( him1 or !m1 on :om sov]eign p[] is conf]r$ by ! cons5t ( ! p assembl$4 ,sid5ote3 #a4 ,! subjects _c *ange ! =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,fir/1 because !y cov5ant1 x is to be und]/ood1 !y are n oblig$ by =m] cov5ant to any?+ repugnant h]eunto4 ,& consequ5tly !y t h already in/itut$ a commonweal?1 be+ !reby b\nd by cov5ant1 to own ! actions1 & judgm5ts ( "o1 _c lawfully make a new cov5ant1 among/ !mselves1 to be ob$i5t to any o!r1 9 any ?+ :atsoev]1 )\t 8 p]mission4 ,& !re=e1 !y t are subjects to a mon>*1 _c )\t 8 leave ca/ (f mon>*y1 & return to ! confusion ( a disunit$ multitude2 nor transf] _! p]son f him t be>e? x1 to ano!r man1 or o!r assembly ( m53 = !y are b\nd1 e man to e man1 to own1 & be reput$ au?or ( all1 t he t already is _! sov]eign1 %all d1 & judge fit to be done3 s t any "o man diss5t+1 all ! re/ %\ld break _! cov5ant made to t man1 :i* is inju/ice3 & !y h also e man giv5 ! sov]eignty to him t be>e? _! p]son2 & !re=e if !y depose him1 !y take f him t :i* is 8 own1 & s aga9 x is inju/ice4 ,besides1 if he t attempte? to depose 8 sov]eign1 be kill$1 or puni%$ by him = su* attempt1 he is au?or ( 8 own puni%m5t1 z be+ by ! in/itution1 au?or ( all 8 sov]eign %all d3 & because x is inju/ice = a man to d any?+1 = :i* he may be puni%$ by 8 own au?ority1 he is also ^u t title1 unju/4 ,& :]eas "s m5 h pret5d$ = _! disob$i5ce to _! sov]eign1 a new cov5ant1 made1 n ) m51 b ) ,god2 ?is also is unju/3 = !re is no cov5ant ) ,god1 b by m$iation ( somebody t repres5te? ,god's p]son2 :i* none do? b ,god's lieut5ant1 :o ha? ! sov]eignty "u ,god4 ,b ?is pret5ce ( cov5ant ) ,god1 is s evid5t a lie1 ev5 9 ! pret5d]s' own consci5ces1 t x is n only an act ( an unju/1 b also ( a vile1 & unmanly disposition4 ,sid5ote3 #b4 ,sov]eign p[] _c be =feit$4 ,secondly1 because ! "r ( be>+ ! p]son ( !m all1 is giv5 to him !y make sov]eign1 by cov5ant only ( "o to ano!r1 & n ( him to any ( !m2 !re c happ5 no brea* ( cov5ant on ! "p ( ! sov]eign2 & consequ5tly none ( 8 subjects1 by any pret5ce ( =feiture1 c be fre$ f 8 subjection4 ,t he :i* is made sov]eign make? no cov5ant ) 8 subjects be=eh&1 is manife/2 because ei!r he mu/ make x ) ! :ole multitude1 z "o p>ty to ! cov5ant2 or he mu/ make a sev]al cov5ant ) e man4 ,) ! :ole1 z "o p>ty1 x is impossible2 because z yet !y are n "o p]son3 & if he make s _m sev]al cov5ants z !re be m51 ^? cov5ants aft] he ha? ! sov]eignty are void2 because :at act soev] c be pret5d$ by any "o ( !m = brea* !re(1 is ! act bo? ( himself1 & ( all ! re/1 because done 9 ! p]son1 & by ! "r ( e "o ( !m 9 p>ticul>4 ,besides1 if any "o1 or m ( !m1 pret5d a brea* ( ! cov5ant made by ! sov]eign at 8 in/itution2 & o!rs1 or "o o!r ( 8 subjects1 or himself alone1 pret5d !re 0 no su* brea*1 !re is 9 ?is case1 no judge to decide ! controv]sy2 x returns !re=e to ! sword aga92 & e man recov]e? ! "r ( protect+ himself by 8 own /r5g?1 contr>y to ! design !y _h 9 ! in/itution4 ,x is !re=e 9 va9 to grant sov]eignty by way ( prec$5t cov5ant4 ,! op9ion t any mon>* receive? 8 p[] by cov5ant1 t is to say1 on condition1 proce$e? f want ( und]/&+ ?is easy tru?1 t cov5ants be+ b words & brea?1 h no =ce to oblige1 conta91 con/ra91 or protect any man1 b :at x has f ! public sword2 t is1 f ! unti$ h&s ( t man1 or assembly ( m5 t ha? ! sov]eignty1 & ^: actions are av\*$ by !m all1 & p]=m$ by ! /r5g? ( !m all1 9 him unit$4 ,b :5 an assembly ( m5 is made sov]eign2 !n no man imag9e? any su* cov5ant to h pass$ 9 ! in/itution2 = no man is s dull z to say1 = example1 ! p ( ,rome made a cov5ant ) ! ,romans1 to hold ! sov]eignty on su* or su* conditions2 :i* n p]=m$1 ! ,romans might lawfully depose ! ,roman p4 ,t m5 see n ! reason to be alike 9 a mon>*y1 & 9 a popul> gov]nm5t1 proce$e? f ! ambition ( "s1 t are k9d] to ! gov]nm5t ( an assembly1 :]e( !y may hope to p>ticipate1 ?an ( mon>*y1 :i* !y despair to enjoy4 ,sid5ote3 #c4 ,no man c )\t inju/ice prote/ aga9/ ! in/itution ( ! sov]eign decl>$ by ! major "p4 ,?irdly1 because ! major "p ha? by cons5t+ voices decl>$ a sov]eign2 he t diss5t$ mu/ n[ cons5t ) ! re/2 t is1 be cont5t$ to av[ all ! actions he %all d1 or else ju/ly be de/roy$ by ! re/4 ,= if he volunt>ily ent]$ into ! congregation ( !m t 7 assembl$1 he suffici5tly decl>$ !reby 8 w1 & !re=e tacitly cov5ant$1 to /& to :at ! major "p %\ld orda93 & !re=e if he refuse to /& !reto1 or make prote/ation aga9/ any ( _! decrees1 he does contr>y to 8 cov5ant1 & !re=e unju/ly4 ,& :e!r he be ( ! congregation1 or n2 & :e!r 8 cons5t be ask$1 or n1 he mu/ ei!r submit to _! decrees1 or be left 9 ! condition ( w> he 0 9 be=e2 :]e9 he might )\t inju/ice be de/roy$ by any man :atsoev]4 ,sid5ote3 #d4 ,! sov]eign's actions _c be ju/ly accus$ by ! subject4 ,f\r?ly1 because e subject is by ?is in/itution au?or ( all ! actions1 & judgm5ts ( ! sov]eign in/itut$2 x foll[s1 t :atsoev] he do?1 x c be no injury to any ( 8 subjects2 nor ought he to be by any ( !m accus$ ( inju/ice4 ,= he t do? any?+ by au?ority f ano!r1 do? !re9 no injury to him by ^: au?ority he acte?3 b by ?is in/itution ( a commonweal?1 e p>ticul> man is au?or ( all ! sov]eign do?3 & consequ5tly he t compla9e? ( injury f 8 sov]eign1 compla9e? ( t :]e( he himself is au?or2 & !re=e ought n to accuse any man b himself2 no nor himself ( injury2 because to d injury to "o's self1 is impossible4 ,x is true t !y t h sov]eign p[] may commit iniquity2 b n inju/ice1 or injury 9 ! prop] signification4 ,sid5ote3 #e4 ,:atsoev] ! sov]eign do? is unpuni%able by ! subject4 ,fif?ly1 & consequ5tly to t :i* 0 said la/1 no man t ha? sov]eign p[] c ju/ly be put to dea?1 or o!rwise 9 any mann] by 8 subjects puni%$4 ,= see+ e subject is au?or ( ! actions ( 8 sov]eign2 he puni%e? ano!r = ! actions committ$ by himself4 ,sid5ote3 #f4 ,! sov]eign is judge ( :at is necess>y = ! peace & def5ce ( 8 subjects4 ,& because ! end ( ?is in/itution1 is ! peace & def5ce ( !m all2 & :osoev] has "r to ! end1 has "r to ! means2 x belonge? ( "r1 to :atsoev] man1 or assembly t ha? ! sov]eignty1 to be judge bo? ( ! means ( peace & def5ce1 & also ( ! h9drances1 & di/urbances ( ! same2 & to d :atsoev] he %all ?9k necess>y to be done1 bo? be=eh&1 = ! pres]v+ ( peace & security1 by prev5tion ( discord at home1 & ho/ility f abroad2 &1 :5 peace & security are lo/1 = ! recov]y ( ! same4 ,& !re=e1 ,sid5ote3 ,& judge ( :at doctr9es are fit to be taught !m4 ,six?ly1 x is annex$ to ! sov]eignty1 to be judge ( :at op9ions & doctr9es are av]se1 & :at conduc+ to peace2 & consequ5tly1 on :at occasions1 h[ f>1 & :at m5 are to be tru/$ )al1 9 speak+ to multitudes ( p2 & :o %all exam9e ! doctr9es ( all books be=e !y be publi%$4 ,= ! actions ( m5 proce$ f _! op9ions2 & 9 ! well-gov]n+ ( op9ions1 consi/e? ! well-gov]n+ ( m5's actions1 9 ord] to _! peace1 & concord4 ,& ?\gh 9 matt] ( doctr9e1 no?+ ought to be reg>d$ b ! tru?2 yet ?is is n repugnant to regulat+ ! same by peace4 ,= doctr9e repugnant to peace1 c no m be true1 ?an peace & concord c be aga9/ ! law ( nature4 ,x is true1 t 9 a commonweal?1 :]e by ! neglig5ce1 or unskilfulness ( gov]nors1 & tea*]s1 false doctr9es are by "t g5]ally receiv$2 ! contr>y tru?s may be g5]ally (f5sive4 ,yet ! mo/ sudd51 & r\gh bur/+ 9 ( a new tru?1 t c be1 does nev] break ! peace1 b only sometimes awake ! w>4 ,= ^? m5 t are s remissly gov]n$1 t !y d>e take up arms to def5d1 or introduce an op9ion1 are /ill 9 w>2 & _! condition n peace1 b only a cessation ( arms = fe> ( "o ano!r2 & !y live1 z x 71 9 ! prec9cts ( battle cont9ually4 ,x belonge? !re=e to him t ha? ! sov]eign p[]1 to be judge1 or con/itute all judges ( op9ions & doctr9es1 z a ?+ necess>y to peace2 !reby to prev5t discord & civil w>4 ,sid5ote3 #g4 ,! "r ( mak+ rules2 :]eby ! subjects may e man "k :at is s 8 own1 z no o!r subject c )\t inju/ice take x f him4 ,sev5?ly1 is annex$ to ! sov]eignty1 ! :ole p[] ( prescrib+ ! rules1 :]eby e man may "k1 :at goods he may enjoy1 & :at actions he may d1 )\t be+ mole/$ by any ( 8 fell[-subjects2 & ?is is x m5 call propriety4 ,= be=e con/itution ( sov]eign p[]1 z ha? already be5 %[n1 all m5 _h "r to all ?+s2 :i* necess>ily cause? w>3 & !re=e ?is propriety1 be+ necess>y to peace1 & dep5d+ on sov]eign p[]1 is ! act ( t p[]1 9 ord] to ! public peace4 ,^! rules ( propriety1 or meum & tuum1 & ( good1 evil1 lawful1 & unlawful 9 ! actions ( subjects1 are ! civil laws2 t is to say1 ! laws ( ea* commonweal? 9 p>ticul>2 ?\gh ! "n ( civil law be n[ re/ra9$ to ! anci5t civil laws ( ! city ( ,rome2 :i* be+ ! head ( a great "p ( ! _w1 h] laws at t "t 7 9 ^! p>ts ! civil law4 ,sid5ote3 #h4 ,to him also belonge? ! "r ( judicature & decision ( controv]sy4 ,eigh?ly1 is annex$ to ! sov]eignty1 ! "r ( judicature2 t is to say1 ( he>+ & decid+ all controv]sies1 :i* may arise conc]n+ law1 ei!r civil1 or natural2 or conc]n+ fact4 ,= )\t ! decision ( controv]sies1 !re is no protection ( "o subject1 aga9/ ! injuries ( ano!r2 ! laws conc]n+ meum & tuum are 9 va92 & to e man rema9e?1 f ! natural & necess>y appetite ( 8 own cons]vation1 ! "r ( protect+ himself by 8 private /r5g?1 :i* is ! condition ( w>1 & contr>y to ! end = :i* e commonweal? is in/itut$4 ,sid5ote3 #i4 ,& ( mak+ w>1 & peace1 z he %all ?9k be/4 ,n9?ly1 is annex$ to ! sov]eignty1 ! "r ( mak+ w> & peace ) o!r nations1 & commonweal?s2 t is to say1 ( judg+ :5 x is = ! public good1 & h[ great =ces are to be assembl$1 arm$1 & paid = t end2 & to levy money ^u ! subjects1 to defray ! exp5ses !re(4 ,= ! p[] by :i* ! p are to be def5d$1 consi/e? 9 _! armies2 & ! /r5g? ( an army1 9 ! union ( _! /r5g? "u "o comm&2 :i* comm& ! sov]eign in/itut$1 !re=e ha?2 because ! comm& ( ! militia1 )\t o!r in/itution1 make? him t ha? x sov]eign4 ,& !re=e :osoev] is made g5]al ( an army1 he t ha? ! sov]eign p[] is always g5]alissimo4 ,sid5ote3 #aj4 ,& ( *oos+ all c\nsellors & m9i/]s1 bo? ( peace w>4 ,t5?ly1 is annex$ to ! sov]eignty1 ! *oos+ ( all c\nsellors1 m9i/]s1 magi/rates1 & (fic]s1 bo? 9 peace1 & w>4 ,= see+ ! sov]eign is *>g$ ) ! end1 :i* is ! common peace & def5ce1 he is und]/ood to h p[] to use su* means1 z he %all ?9k mo/ fit = 8 dis*>ge4 ,sid5ote3 #aa4 ,& ( rew>d+ & puni%+1 & t 7:]e no =m] law ha? det]m9$ ! measure ( x7 arbitr>ily4 ,elev5?ly1 to ! sov]eign is committ$ ! p[] ( rew>d+ ) ri*es1 or hon\r1 & ( puni%+ ) corporal or pecuni>y puni%m5t1 or ) ignom9y1 e subject accord+ to ! law he ha? =m]ly made2 or if !re be no law made1 accord+ z he %all judge mo/ to conduce to ! enc\rag+ ( m5 to s]ve ! commonweal?1 or det]r+ ( !m f do+ diss]vice to ! same4 ,sid5ote3 #ab4 ,& ( hon\r & ord]4 ,la/ly1 consid]+ :at value m5 are naturally apt to set ^u !mselves2 :at respect !y look = f o!rs2 & h[ little !y value o!r m52 f :5ce cont9ually arise among/ !m1 emulation1 qu>rels1 factions1 & at la/ w>1 to ! de/roy+ ( "o ano!r1 & dim9ution ( _! /r5g? aga9/ a common enemy2 x is necess>y t !re be laws ( hon\r1 & a public rate ( ! wor? ( su* m5 z h des]v$1 or are able to des]ve well ( ! commonweal?2 & t !re be =ce 9 ! h&s ( "s or o!r1 to put ^? laws 9 execution4 ,b x ha? already be5 %[n1 t n only ! :ole militia1 or =ces ( ! commonweal?2 b also ! judicature ( all controv]sies1 is annex$ to ! sov]eignty4 ,to ! sov]eign !re=e x belonge? also to give titles ( hon\r2 & to appo9t :at ord] ( place1 & dignity1 ea* man %all hold2 & :at signs ( respect1 9 public or private meet+s1 !y %all give to "o ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,^! rights are indivisible4 ,^! are ! rights1 :i* make ! ess5ce ( sov]eignty2 & :i* are ! m>ks1 :]eby a man may disc]n 9 :at man1 or assembly ( m51 ! sov]eign p[] is plac$1 & reside?4 ,= ^! are incommunicable1 & insep>able4 ,! p[] to co9 money2 to dispose ( ! e/ate & p]sons ( infant heirs2 to h premption 9 m>kets2 & all o!r /atute pr]ogatives1 may be transf]r$ by ! sov]eign2 & yet ! p[] to protect 8 subjects be reta9$4 ,b if he transf] ! militia1 he reta9s ! judicature 9 va91 = want ( execution ( ! laws3 or if he grant away ! p[] ( rais+ money2 ! militia is 9 va92 or if he give away ! gov]nm5t ( doctr9es1 m5 w be fright$ into rebellion ) ! fe> ( spirits4 ,& s if we consid] any "o ( ! said rights1 we %all pres5tly see1 t ! hold+ ( all ! re/ w produce no effect1 9 ! cons]vation ( peace & ju/ice1 ! end = :i* all commonweal?s are in/itut$4 ,& ?is division is x1 :]e( x is said1 a k+dom divid$ 9 itself _c /&3 = unless ?is division prec$e1 division into opposite armies c nev] happ54 ,if !re _h n fir/ be5 an op9ion receiv$ ( ! greate/ "p ( ,engl&1 t ^! p[]s 7 divid$ betwe5 ! ,k+1 & ! ,lords1 & ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ! p _h nev] be5 divid$ & fall5 into ?is civil w>2 fir/ betwe5 ^? t disagre$ 9 politics2 & aft] betwe5 ! diss5t]s ab\t ! lib]ty ( religion2 :i* h s in/ruct$ m5 9 ?is po9t ( sov]eign "r1 t !re be few n[ 9 ,engl& t d n see1 t ^! rights are insep>able1 & w be s g5]ally ackn[l$g$ at ! next return ( peace2 & s cont9ue1 till _! mis]ies are =gott52 & no long]1 except ! vulg> be bett] taught ?an !y h hi!rto be54 ,sid5ote3 ,& c by no grant pass away )\t direct r5\nc+ ( ! sov]eign p[]4 ,& because !y are ess5tial & insep>able rights1 x foll[s necess>ily1 t 9 :atsoev] words any ( !m seem to be grant$ away1 yet if ! sov]eign p[] itself be n 9 direct t]ms r5\nc$1 & ! "n ( sov]eign no m giv5 by ! grantees to him t grants !m1 ! grant is void3 = :5 he has grant$ all he c1 if we grant back ! sov]eignty1 all is re/or$1 z insep>ably annex$ !reunto4 ,sid5ote3 ,! p[] & hon\r ( subjects vani%e? 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p[] sov]eign4 ,?is great au?ority be+ indivisible1 & insep>ably annex$ to ! sov]eignty1 !re is little gr\nd = ! op9ion ( !m1 t say ( sov]eign k+s1 ?\gh !y be s+ulis majores1 ( great] p[] ?an e "o ( _! subjects1 yet !y be univ]sis m9ores1 ( less p[] ?an !m all toge!r4 ,= if by all toge!r1 !y mean n ! collective body z "o p]son1 !n all toge!r1 & e "o1 signify ! same2 & ! spee* is absurd4 ,b if by all toge!r1 !y und]/& !m z "o p]son1 :i* p]son ! sov]eign be>s1 !n ! p[] ( all toge!r1 is ! same ) ! sov]eign's p[]2 & s aga9 ! spee* is absurd3 :i* absurdity !y see well en\gh1 :5 ! sov]eignty is 9 an assembly ( ! p2 b 9 a mon>* !y see x n2 & yet ! p[] ( sov]eignty is ! same 9 :omsoev] x be plac$4 ,& z ! p[]1 s also ! hon\r ( ! sov]eign1 ought to be great]1 ?an t ( any1 or all ! subjects4 ,= 9 ! sov]eignty is ! f\nta9 ( hon\r4 ,! dignities ( "l1 e>l1 duke1 & pr9ce are 8 creatures4 ,z 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ma/]1 ! s]vants are equal1 & )\t any hon\r at all2 s are ! subjects1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sov]eign4 ,& ?\gh !y %9e "s m1 "s less1 :5 !y are out ( 8 sight2 yet 9 8 pres5ce1 !y %9e no m ?an ! />s 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sun4 ,sid5ote3 ,sov]eign p[] n s hurtful z ! want ( x1 & ! hurt proce$s = ! greate/ "p f n submitt+ readily to a less4 ,b a man may "h object1 t ! condition ( subjects is v mis]able2 z be+ obnoxi\s to ! lu/s1 & o!r irregul> passions ( him1 or !m t h s unlimit$ a p[] 9 _! h&s4 ,& commonly !y t live "u a mon>*1 ?9k x ! fault ( mon>*y2 & !y t live "u ! gov]nm5t ( democracy1 or o!r sov]eign assembly1 attribute all ! inconv5i5ce to t =m ( commonweal?2 :]eas ! p[] 9 all =ms1 if !y be p]fect en\gh to protect !m1 is ! same3 n consid]+ t ! /ate ( man c nev] be )\t "s incommodity or o!r2 & t ! greate/1 t 9 any =m ( gov]nm5t c possibly happ5 to ! p 9 g5]al1 is sc>ce s5sible1 9 respect ( ! mis]ies1 & horrible calamities1 t accompany a civil w>1 or t dissolute condition ( ma/]less m51 )\t subjection to laws1 & a co]cive p[] to tie _! h&s f rap9e & rev5ge3 nor consid]+ t ! greate/ pressure ( sov]eign gov]nors1 proce$e? n f any delight1 or pr(it !y c expect 9 ! damage or weak5+ ( _! subjects1 9 ^: vig\r1 consi/e? _! own /r5g? & glory2 b 9 ! re/iv5ess ( !mselves1 t unwill+ly contribut+ to _! own def5ce1 make x necess>y = _! gov]nors to draw f !m :at !y c 9 "t ( peace1 t !y may h means on any em]g5t occasion1 or sudd5 ne$1 to resi/1 or take advantage on _! enemies4 ,= all m5 are by nature provid$ ( notable multiply+ glasses1 t is _! passions & self-love1 ?r\gh :i*1 e little paym5t appe>e? a great grievance2 b are de/itute ( ^? prospective glasses1 namely moral & civil sci5ce1 to see af> (f ! mis]ies t hang ov] !m1 & _c )\t su* paym5ts be avoid$4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,( ,,! ,,sev]al ,,k9ds ,,( ,,commonweal? ,,by ,,in/itution1 ,,& ,,( ,,succession ,,to ,,! ,,sov]eign ,,p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! diff]5t =ms ( commonweal?s b ?ree4 ,! diff]5ce ( commonweal?s1 consi/e? 9 ! diff]5ce ( ! sov]eign1 or ! p]son repres5tative ( all & e "o ( ! multitude4 ,& because ! sov]eignty is ei!r 9 "o man1 or 9 an assembly ( m ?an "o2 & into t assembly ei!r e man ha? "r to ent]1 or n e "o1 b c]ta9 m5 di/+ui%$ f ! re/2 x is manife/1 !re c be b ?ree k9ds ( commonweal?4 ,= ! repres5tative mu/ ne$s be "o man1 or m3 & if m1 !n x is ! assembly ( all1 or b ( a "p4 ,:5 ! repres5tative is "o man1 !n is ! commonweal? a ,,mon>*y3 :5 an assembly ( all t w come toge!r1 !n x is a ,,democracy1 or popul> commonweal?3 :5 an assembly ( a a "p only1 !n x is call$ an ,,ari/ocracy4 ,o!r k9d ( commonweal? !re c be none3 = ei!r "o1 or m1 or all1 mu/ h ! sov]eign p[]1 :i* ,i h %[n to be indivisible1 entire4 ,sid5ote3 ,tyranny & olig>*y1 b diff]5t names ( mon>*y1 & ari/ocracy4 ,!re be o!r names ( gov]nm5t1 9 ! hi/ories1 & books ( policy2 z tyranny1 & olig>*y3 b !y are n ! names ( o!r =ms ( gov]nm5t1 b ( ! same =ms mislik$4 ,= !y t are discont5t$ "u mon>*y1 call x tyranny2 & !y t are displeas$ ) ari/ocracy1 call x olig>*y3 s also1 !y :i* f9d !mselves griev$ "u a democracy1 call x an>*y1 :i* signifies want ( gov]nm5t2 & yet ,i ?9k no man believes1 t want ( gov]nm5t1 is any new k9d ( gov]nm5t3 nor by ! same reason ought !y to believe1 t ! gov]nm5t is ( "o k9d1 :5 !y l x1 & ano!r1 :5 !y mislike x1 or are oppress$ by ! gov]nors4 ,sid5ote3 ,subord9ate repres5tatives dang]\s4 ,x is manife/1 t m5 :o are 9 absolute lib]ty1 may1 if !y please1 give au?ority to "o man1 to repres5t !m e "o2 z well z give su* au?ority to any assembly ( m5 :atsoev]2 & consequ5tly may subject !mselves1 if !y ?9k good1 to a mon>*1 z absolutely1 z to any o!r repres5tative4 ,!re=e1 :]e !re is already erect$ a sov]eign p[]1 !re c be no o!r repres5tative ( ! same p1 b only to c]ta9 p>ticul> ends1 by ! sov]eign limit$4 ,= t 7 to erect two sov]eigns2 & e man to h 8 p]son repres5t$ by two actors1 t by oppos+ "o ano!r1 mu/ ne$s divide t p[]1 :i*1 if m5 w live 9 peace1 is indivisible2 & !reby r$uce ! multitude into ! condition ( w>1 contr>y to ! end = :i* all sov]eignty is in/itut$4 ,& !re=e z x is absurd1 to ?9k t a sov]eign assembly1 invit+ ! p ( _! dom9ion1 to s5d up _! deputies1 ) p[] to make kn[n _! advice1 or desires1 %\ld !re=e hold su* deputies1 r ?an !mselves1 = ! absolute repres5tatives ( ! p3 s x is absurd also1 to ?9k ! same 9 a mon>*y4 ,& ,i "k n h[ ?is s manife/ a tru?1 %\ld ( late be s little obs]v$2 t 9 a mon>*y1 he t _h ! sov]eignty f a desc5t ( six hundr$ ye>s1 0 alone call$ sov]eign1 _h ! title ( ,maje/y f e "o ( 8 subjects1 & 0 unque/ionably tak5 by !m = _! k+1 0 not)/&+ nev] consid]$ z _! repres5tative2 ! "n )\t contradiction pass+ = ! title ( ^? m51 :i* at 8 comm& 7 s5t up by ! p to c>ry _! petitions1 & give him1 if he p]mitt$ x1 _! advice4 ,:i* may s]ve z an admonition1 = ^? t are ! true1 & absolute repres5tative ( a p1 to in/ruct m5 9 ! nature ( t (fice1 & to take he$ h[ !y admit ( any o!r g5]al repres5tation ^u any occasion :atsoev]1 if !y mean to dis*>ge ! tru/ committ$ to !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,comp>ison ( mon>*y1 ) sov]eign assemblies4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! ?ree k9ds ( commonweal?1 consi/e? n 9 ! diff]5ce ( p[]2 b 9 ! diff]5ce ( conv5i5ce1 or aptitude to produce ! peace1 & security ( ! p2 = :i* end !y 7 in/itut$4 ,& to comp>e mon>*y ) ! o!r two1 we may obs]ve2 fir/1 t :osoev] be>e? ! p]son ( ! p1 or is "o ( t assembly t be>s x1 be>e? also 8 own natural p]son4 ,& ?\gh he be c>eful 9 8 politic p]son to procure ! common int]e/2 yet he is m1 or no less c>eful to procure ! private good ( himself1 8 family1 k9dr$ & fri5ds2 & = ! mo/ "p1 if ! public int]e/ *ance to cross ! private1 he pref]s ! private3 = ! passions ( m51 are commonly m pot5t ?an _! reason4 ,f :5ce x foll[s1 t :]e ! public & private int]e/ are mo/ closely unit$1 !re is ! public mo/ advanc$4 ,n[ 9 mon>*y1 ! private int]e/ is ! same ) ! public4 ,! ri*es1 p[]1 & hon\r ( a mon>* arise only f ! ri*es1 /r5g? & reputation ( 8 subjects4 ,= no k+ c be ri*1 nor glori\s1 nor secure1 ^: subjects are ei!r poor1 or contemptible1 or too weak ?r\gh want or diss5tion1 to ma9ta9 a w> aga9/ _! enemies3 :]eas 9 a democracy1 or ari/ocracy1 ! public prosp]ity conf]s n s mu* to ! private =tune ( "o t is corrupt1 or ambiti\s1 z do? _m times a p]fidi\s advice1 a trea*]\s action1 or a civil w>4 ,secondly1 t a mon>* receive? c\nsel ( :om1 :51 & :]e he please?2 & consequ5tly may he> ! op9ion ( m5 v]s$ 9 ! matt] ab\t :i* he delib]ates1 ( :at rank or quality soev]1 & z long be=e ! "t ( action1 & ) z mu* secrecy1 z he w4 ,b :5 a sov]eign assembly has ne$ ( c\nsel1 none are admitt$ b su* z h a "r !reto f ! beg9n+2 :i* = ! mo/ "p are ( ^? :o h be5 v]s$ m 9 ! acquisition ( weal? ?an ( k2 & are to give _! advice 9 long disc\rses1 :i* may1 & d commonly excite m5 to action1 b n gov]n !m 9 x4 ,= ! und]/&+ is by ! flame ( ! passions1 nev] enlight5$1 b dazzl$4 ,nor is !re any place1 or "t1 :]e9 an assembly c receive c\nsel ) secrecy1 because ( _! own multitude4 ,?irdly1 t ! resolutions ( a mon>*1 are subject to no o!r incon/ancy1 ?an t ( human nature2 b 9 assemblies1 besides t ( nature1 !re arise? an incon/ancy f ! numb]4 ,= ! abs5ce ( a few1 t w\ld h ! resolution once tak51 cont9ue firm1 :i* may happ5 by security1 neglig5ce1 or private imp$im5ts1 or ! dilig5t appe>ance ( a few ( ! contr>y op9ion1 undoes to-day1 all t 0 conclud$ ye/]day4 ,f\r?ly1 t a mon>* _c disagree ) himself1 out ( envy1 or int]e/2 b an assembly may2 & t to su* a height1 z may produce a civil w>4 ,fif?ly1 t 9 mon>*y !re is ?is inconv5i5ce2 t any subject1 by ! p[] ( "o man1 = ! enri*+ ( a fav\rite or flatt]]1 may be depriv$ ( all he possesse?2 :i* ,i confess is a great & inevitable inconv5i5ce4 ,b ! same may z well happ51 :]e ! sov]eign p[] is 9 an assembly3 = _! p[] is ! same2 & !y are z subject to evil c\nsel1 & to be s$uc$ by orators1 z a mon>* by flatt]]s2 & becom+ "o ano!r's flatt]]s1 s]ve "o ano!r's covet\sness & ambition by turns4 ,& :]eas ! fav\rites ( mon>*s1 are few1 & !y h none else to advance b _! own k9dr$2 ! fav\rites ( an assembly1 are _m2 & ! k9dr$ mu* m num]\s1 ?an ( any mon>*4 ,besides1 !re is no fav\rite ( a mon>*1 :i* _c z well succ\r 8 fri5ds1 z hurt 8 enemies3 b orators1 t is to say1 fav\rites ( sov]eign assemblies1 ?\gh !y h great p[] to hurt1 h little to save4 ,= to accuse1 requires less eloqu5ce1 su* is man's nature1 ?an to excuse2 & condemnation1 ?an absolution m resembles ju/ice4 ,six?ly1 t x is an inconv5i5ce 9 mon>*y1 t ! sov]eignty may desc5d ^u an infant1 or "o t _c disc]n betwe5 good & evil3 & consi/e? 9 ?is1 t ! use ( 8 p[]1 mu/ be 9 ! h& ( ano!r man1 or ( "s assembly ( m51 :i* are to gov]n by 8 "r1 & 9 8 "n2 z curators1 & protectors ( 8 p]son1 & au?ority4 ,b to say !re is inconv5i5ce1 9 putt+ ! use ( ! sov]eign p[]1 into ! h& ( a man1 or an assembly ( m52 is to say t all gov]nm5t is m inconv5i5t1 ?an confusion1 & civil w>4 ,& !re=e all ! dang] t c be pret5d$1 mu/ arise f ! cont5tion ( ^?1 t = an (fice ( s great hon\r1 & pr(it1 may become competitors4 ,to make x appe>1 t ?is inconv5i5ce1 proce$e? n f t =m ( gov]nm5t we call mon>*y1 we are to consid]1 t ! prec$5t mon>* ha? appo9t$ :o %all h ! tuition ( 8 infant successor1 ei!r expressly by te/am5t1 or tacitly1 by n controll+ ! cu/om 9 t case receiv$3 & !n su* inconv5i5ce1 if x happ51 is to be attribut$1 n to ! mon>*y1 b to ! ambition1 & inju/ice ( ! subjects2 :i* 9 all k9ds ( gov]nm5t1 :]e ! p are n well in/ruct$ 9 _! duty1 & ! rights ( sov]eignty1 is ! same4 ,or else ! prec$5t mon>* ha? n at all tak5 ord] = su* tuition2 & !n ! law ( nature ha? provid$ ?is suffici5t rule1 t ! tuition %all be 9 him1 t ha? by nature mo/ int]e/ 9 ! pres]vation ( ! au?ority ( ! infant1 & to :om lea/ b5efit c accrue by 8 dea?1 or dim9ution4 ,= see+ e man by nature seeke? 8 own b5efit1 & promotion2 to put an infant into ! p[] ( ^?1 t c promote !mselves by 8 de/ruction1 or damage1 is n tuition1 b trea*]y4 ,s t suffici5t provision be+ tak51 aga9/ all j qu>rel1 ab\t ! gov]nm5t "u a *ild1 if any cont5tion arise to ! di/urbance ( ! public peace1 x is n to be attribut$ to ! =m ( mon>*y1 b to ! ambition ( subjects1 & ignorance ( _! duty4 ,on ! o!r side1 !re is no great commonweal?1 ! sov]eignty :]e( is 9 a great assembly1 :i* is n1 z to consultations ( peace1 & w>1 & mak+ ( laws1 9 ! same condition1 z if ! gov]nm5t 7 9 a *ild4 ,= z a *ild wants ! judgm5t to diss5t f c\nsel giv5 him1 & is !reby necessitat$ to take ! advice ( !m1 or him1 to :om he is committ$3 s an assembly wante? ! lib]ty1 to diss5t f ! c\nsel ( ! major "p1 be x good1 or bad4 ,& z a *ild has ne$ ( a tutor1 or protector1 to pres]ve 8 p]son & au?ority3 s also1 9 great commonweal?s1 ! sov]eign assembly1 9 all great dang]s & tr\bles1 h ne$ ( cu/odes lib]tatis2 t is ( dictators1 or protectors ( _! au?ority2 :i* are z mu* z tempor>y mon>*s1 to :om = a "t1 !y may commit ! entire ex]cise ( _! p[]2 & h1 at ! end ( t "t1 be5 (t5] depriv$ !re(1 ?an infant k+s1 by _! protectors1 reg5ts1 or any o!r tutors4 ,sid5ote3 ,def9ition ( mon>*y1 & o!r =ms4 ,?\gh ! k9ds ( sov]eignty be1 z ,i h n[ %[n1 b ?ree2 t is to say1 mon>*y1 :]e "o man has x2 or democracy1 :]e ! g5]al assembly ( subjects ha? x2 or ari/ocracy1 :]e x is 9 an assembly ( c]ta9 p]sons nom9at$1 or o!rwise di/+ui%$ f ! re/3 yet he t %all consid] ! p>ticul> commonweal?s t h be51 & are 9 ! _w1 w n p]haps easily r$uce !m to ?ree1 & may !reby be incl9$ to ?9k !re be o!r =ms1 aris+ f ^! m+l$ toge!r4 ,z = example1 elective k+doms2 :]e k+s h ! sov]eign p[] put into _! h&s = a "t2 or k+doms1 :]e9 ! k+ ha? a p[] limit$3 :i* gov]nm5ts1 are nev]!less by mo/ writ]s call$ mon>*y4 ,likewise if a popul>1 or ari/ocratical commonweal?1 subdue an enemy's c\ntry1 & gov]n ! same1 by a presid5t1 procurator1 or o!r magi/rate2 ?is may seem p]haps at fir/ sight1 to be a democratical1 or ari/ocratical gov]nm5t4 ,b x is n s4 ,= elective k+s1 are n sov]eigns1 b m9i/]s ( ! sov]eign2 nor limit$ k+s1 sov]eigns1 b m9i/]s ( !m t h ! sov]eign p[]3 nor are ^? prov9ces :i* are 9 subjection to a democracy1 or ari/ocracy ( ano!r commonweal?1 democratically or ari/ocratically gov]n$1 b mon>*ically4 ,& fir/1 conc]n+ an elective k+1 ^: p[] is limit$ to 8 life1 z x is 9 _m places ( ,*ri/5dom at ?is day2 or to c]ta9 ye>s or mon?s1 z ! dictator's p[] among/ ! ,romans2 if he h "r to appo9t 8 successor1 he is no m elective b h]$it>y4 ,b if he h no p[] to elect 8 successor1 !n !re is "s o!r man1 or assembly kn[n1 :i* aft] 8 decease may elect anew1 or else ! commonweal? die?1 & dissolve? ) him1 & returne? to ! condition ( w>4 ,if x be kn[n :o h ! p[] to give ! sov]eignty aft] 8 dea?1 x is kn[n also t ! sov]eignty 0 9 !m be=e3 = none h "r to give t :i* !y h n "r to possess1 & keep to !mselves1 if !y ?9k good4 ,b if !re be none t c give ! sov]eignty1 aft] ! decease ( him t 0 fir/ elect$2 !n has he p[]1 nay he is oblig$ by ! law ( nature1 to provide1 by e/abli%+ 8 successor1 to keep ^? t _h tru/$ him ) ! gov]nm5t1 f relaps+ into ! mis]able condition ( civil w>4 ,& consequ5tly he 01 :5 elect$1 a sov]eign absolute4 ,secondly1 t k+ ^: p[] is limit$1 is n sup]ior to him1 or !m t h ! p[] to limit x2 & he t is n sup]ior1 is n supreme2 t is to say n sov]eign4 ,! sov]eignty !re=e 0 always 9 t assembly :i* _h ! "r to limit him2 & by consequ5ce ! gov]nm5t n mon>*y1 b ei!r democracy1 or ari/ocracy2 z ( old "t 9 ,sp>ta2 :]e ! k+s _h a privilege to lead _! armies2 b ! sov]eignty 0 9 ! ,ephori4 ,?irdly1 :]eas h]et(ore ! ,roman p gov]n$ ! l& ( ,judea1 = example1 by a presid5t2 yet 0 n ,judea !re=e a democracy2 because !y 7 n gov]n$ by any assembly1 into ! :i*1 any ( !m1 _h "r to ent]2 nor an ari/ocracy2 because !y 7 n gov]n$ by any assembly1 into :i*1 any man c\ld ent] by _! election3 b !y 7 gov]n$ by "o p]son1 :i*1 ?\gh z to ! p ( ,rome1 0 an assembly ( ! p1 or democracy2 yet z to ! p ( ,judea1 :i* _h no "r at all ( p>ticipat+ 9 ! gov]nm5t1 0 a mon>*4 ,= ?\gh :]e ! p are gov]n$ by an assembly1 *os5 by !mselves out ( _! own numb]1 ! gov]nm5t is call$ a democracy1 or ari/ocracy2 yet :5 !y are gov]n$ by an assembly1 n ( _! own *oos+1 x is a mon>*y2 n ( "o man1 ov] ano!r man2 b ( "o p1 ov] ano!r p4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! "r ( succession4 ,( all ^! =ms ( gov]nm5t1 ! matt] be+ mortal1 s t n only mon>*s1 b also :ole assemblies die1 x is necess>y = ! cons]vation ( ! peace ( m51 t z !re 0 ord] tak5 = an artificial man1 s !re be ord] also tak51 = an artificial et]nity ( life2 )\t :i*1 m5 t are gov]n$ by an assembly1 %\ld return into ! condition ( w> 9 e age2 & !y t are gov]n$ by "o man1 z soon z _! gov]nor die?4 ,?is artificial et]nity1 is t :i* m5 call ! "r ( succession4 ,!re is no p]fect =m ( gov]nm5t1 :]e ! dispos+ ( ! succession is n 9 ! pres5t sov]eign4 ,= if x be 9 any o!r p>ticul> man1 or private assembly1 x is 9 a p]son subject & may be assum$ by ! sov]eign at 8 pleasure2 & consequ5tly ! "r is 9 himself4 ,& if x be 9 no p>ticul> man1 b left to a new *oice2 !n is ! commonweal? dissolv$2 & ! "r is 9 him t c get x2 contr>y to ! int5tion ( !m t did in/itute ! commonweal?1 = _! p]petual1 & n tempor>y security4 ,9 a democracy1 ! :ole assembly _c fail1 unless ! multitude t are to be gov]n$ fail4 ,& !re=e que/ions ( ! "r ( succession1 h 9 t =m ( gov]nm5t no place at all4 ,9 an ari/ocracy1 :5 any ( ! assembly die?1 ! election ( ano!r into 8 room belonge? to ! assembly1 z ! sov]eign1 to :om belonge? ! *oos+ ( all c\nsellors & (fic]s4 ,= t :i* ! repres5tative do?1 z actor1 e "o ( ! subjects do?1 z au?or4 ,& ?\gh ! sov]eign assembly may give p[] to o!rs1 to elect new m51 = supply ( _! c\rt2 yet x is /ill by _! au?ority1 t ! election is made2 & by ! same x may1 :5 ! public %all require x1 be recall$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! pres5t mon>* ha? "r to dispose ( ! succession4 ,! greate/ difficulty ab\t ! "r ( succession1 is 9 mon>*y3 & ! difficulty arise? f ?is1 t at fir/ sight1 x is n manife/ :o is to appo9t ! successor2 nor _m times1 :o x is :om he ha? appo9t$4 ,= 9 bo? ^! cases1 !re is requir$ a m exact ratioc9ation1 ?an e man is accu/om$ to use4 ,z to ! "q1 :o %all appo9t ! successor1 ( a mon>* t ha? ! sov]eign au?ority2 t is to say1 :o %all det]m9e ( ! "r ( inh]itance1 7= elective k+s & pr9ces h n ! sov]eign p[] 9 propriety1 b 9 use only71 we are to consid]1 t ei!r he t is 9 possession1 has "r to dispose ( ! succession1 or else t "r is aga9 9 ! dissolv$ multitude4 ,= ! dea? ( him t ha? ! sov]eign p[] 9 propriety1 leaves ! multitude )\t any sov]eign at all2 t is1 )\t any repres5tative 9 :om !y %\ld be unit$1 & be capable ( do+ any "o action at all3 & !re=e !y are incapable ( election ( any new mon>*2 e man hav+ equal "r to submit himself to su* z he ?9ks be/ able to protect him2 or if he c1 protect himself by 8 own sword2 :i* is a return to confusion1 & to ! condition ( a w> ( e man aga9/ e man1 contr>y to ! end = :i* mon>*y _h its fir/ in/itution4 ,!re=e x is manife/1 t by ! in/itution ( mon>*y1 ! dispos+ ( ! successor1 is always left to ! judgm5t & w ( ! pres5t possessor4 ,& = ! "q1 :i* may arise sometimes1 :o x is t ! mon>* 9 possession1 ha? design$ to ! succession & inh]itance ( 8 p[]2 x is det]m9$ by 8 express words1 & te/am5t2 or by o!r tacit signs suffici5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,succession passe? by express words2 ,by express words1 or te/am5t1 :5 x is decl>$ by him 9 8 lifetime1 viva voce1 or by writ+2 z ! fir/ emp]ors ( ,rome decl>$ :o %\ld be _! heirs4 ,= ! ^w heir does n ( itself imply ! *ildr51 or ne>e/ k9dr$ ( a man2 b :omsoev] a man %all any way decl>e1 he w\ld h to succe$ him 9 8 e/ate4 ,if !re=e a mon>* decl>e expressly1 t su* a man %all be 8 heir1 ei!r by ^w or writ+1 !n is t man imm$iately aft] ! decease ( 8 pr$ecessor1 inve/$ 9 ! "r ( be+ mon>*4 ,sid5ote3 ,or1 by n controll+ a cu/om2 ,b :]e te/am5t1 & express words are want+1 o!r natural signs ( ! w are to be foll[$3 :]e( ! "o is cu/om4 ,& !re=e :]e ! cu/om is1 t ! next ( k9dr$ absolutely succe$e?1 !re also ! next ( k9dr$ ha? "r to ! succession2 = t1 if ! w ( him t 0 9 possession _h be5 o!rwise1 he might easily h decl>$ ! same 9 8 life-"t4 ,& likewise :]e ! cu/om is1 t ! next ( ! male k9dr$ succe$e?1 !re also ! "r ( succession is 9 ! next ( ! k9dr$ male1 = ! same reason4 ,& s x is if ! cu/om 7 to advance ! female4 ,= :atsoev] cu/om a man may by a ^w control1 & does n1 x is a natural sign he w\ld h t cu/om /&4 ,sid5ote3 ,or1 by presumption ( natural affection4 ,b :]e nei!r cu/om1 nor te/am5t ha? prec$$1 !re x is to be und]/ood1 fir/1 t a mon>*'s w is1 t ! gov]nm5t rema9 mon>*ical2 because he ha? approv$ t gov]nm5t 9 himself4 ,secondly1 t a *ild ( 8 own1 male1 or female1 be pref]r$ be=e any o!r2 because m5 are presum$ to be m incl9$ by nature1 to advance _! own *ildr51 ?an ! *ildr5 ( o!r m52 & ( _! own1 r a male ?an a female2 because m51 are naturally fitt] ?an wom51 = actions ( lab\r & dang]4 ,?irdly1 :]e 8 own issue faile?1 r a bro!r ?an a /rang]2 & s /ill ! ne>] 9 blood1 r ?an ! m remote2 because x is always presum$ t ! ne>] ( k91 is ! ne>] 9 affection2 & x is evid5t t a man receives always1 by reflection1 ! mo/ hon\r f ! greatness ( 8 ne>e/ k9dr$4 ,sid5ote3 ,to dispose ( ! succession1 ?\gh to a k+ ( ano!r nation1 n unlawful4 ,b if x be lawful = a mon>* to dispose ( ! succession by words ( contract1 or te/am5t1 m5 may p]haps object a great inconv5i5ce3 = he may sell1 or give 8 "r ( gov]n+ to a /rang]2 :i*1 because /rang]s1 t is1 m5 n us$ to live "u ! same gov]nm5t1 nor speak+ ! same language1 d commonly und]value "o ano!r1 may turn to ! oppression ( 8 subjects2 :i* is inde$ a great inconv5i5ce3 b x proce$e? n necess>ily f ! subjection to a /rang]'s gov]nm5t1 b f ! unskilfulness ( ! gov]nors1 ignorant ( ! true rules ( politics4 ,& !re=e ! ,romans :5 !y _h subdu$ _m nations1 to make _! gov]nm5t dige/ible1 7 wont to take away t grievance1 z mu* z !y ?\ght necess>y1 by giv+ sometimes to :ole nations1 & sometimes to pr9cipal m5 ( e nation !y conqu]$1 n only ! privileges1 b also ! "n ( ,romans2 & took _m ( !m into ! s5ate1 & (fices ( *>ge1 ev5 9 ! ,roman city4 ,& ?is 0 x our mo/ wise k+1 k+ ,james1 aim$ at1 9 endeav\r+ ! union ( 8 two realms ( ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,:i* if he c\ld h obta9$1 _h 9 all likelihood prev5t$ ! civil w>s1 :i* make bo? ^? k+doms1 at ?is pres5t1 mis]able4 ,x is n !re=e any injury to ! p1 = a mon>* to dispose ( ! succession by w2 ?\gh by ! fault ( _m pr9ces1 x ha? be5 sometimes f\nd inconv5i5t4 ,( ! lawfulness ( x1 ?is also is an argum5t1 t :atsoev] inconv5i5ce c arrive by giv+ a k+dom to a /rang]1 may arrive also by s m>ry+ ) /rang]s1 z ! "r ( succession may desc5d ^u !m3 yet ?is by all m5 is acc\nt$ lawful4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,( ,,dom9ion ,,pat]nal1 ,,& ,,despotical4 ,sid5ote3 ,a commonweal? by acquisition4 ,a ,,commonweal? by acquisition1 is t1 :]e ! sov]eign p[] is acquir$ by =ce2 & x is acquir$ by =ce1 :5 m5 s+ly1 or _m toge!r by plurality ( voices1 = fe> ( dea?1 or bonds1 d au?orize all ! actions ( t man1 or assembly1 t ha? _! lives & lib]ty 9 8 p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,:]e9 diff]5t f a commonweal? by in/itution4 ,& ?is k9d ( dom9ion1 or sov]eignty1 diff]e? f sov]eignty by in/itution1 only 9 ?is1 t m5 :o *oose _! sov]eign1 d x = fe> ( "o ano!r1 & n ( him :om !y in/itute3 b 9 ?is case1 !y subject !mselves1 to him !y are afraid (4 ,9 bo? cases !y d x = fe>3 :i* is to be not$ by !m1 t hold all su* cov5ants1 z proce$ f fe> ( dea? or viol5ce1 void3 :i* if x 7 true1 no man1 9 any k9d ( commonweal?1 c\ld be oblig$ to ob$i5ce4 ,x is true1 t 9 a commonweal? once in/itut$1 or acquir$1 promises proce$+ f fe> ( dea? or viol5ce1 are no cov5ants1 nor oblig+1 :5 ! ?+ promis$ is contr>y to ! laws2 b ! reason is n1 because x 0 made ^u fe>1 b because he t promise?1 ha? no "r 9 ! ?+ promis$4 ,also1 :5 he may lawfully p]=m1 & do? n1 x is n ! invalidity ( ! cov5ant1 t absolve? him1 b ! s5t5ce ( ! sov]eign4 ,o!rwise1 :5soev] a man lawfully promise?1 he unlawfully breake?3 b :5 ! sov]eign1 :o is ! actor1 acquitte? him1 !n he is acquitt$ by him t extort$ ! promise1 z by ! au?or ( su* absolution4 ,sid5ote3 ,! rights ( sov]eignty ! same 9 bo?4 ,b ! rights1 & consequ5ces ( sov]eignty1 are ! same 9 bo?4 ,8 p[] _c1 )\t 8 cons5t1 be transf]r$ to ano!r3 he _c =feit x3 he _c be accus$ by any ( 8 subjects1 ( injury3 he _c be puni%$ by !m3 he is judge ( :at is necess>y = peace2 & judge ( doctr9es3 he is sole legislator2 & supreme judge ( controv]sies2 & ( ! times1 & occasions ( w>1 & peace3 to him x belonge? to *oose magi/rates1 c\nsellors1 comm&]s1 & all o!r (fic]s1 & m9i/]s2 & to det]m9e ( rew>ds1 & puni%m5ts1 hon\r1 & ord]4 ,! reasons :]e(1 are ! same :i* are alleg$ 9 ! prec$5t *apt]1 = ! same rights1 & consequ5ces ( sov]eignty by in/itution4 ,sid5ote3 ,dom9ion pat]nal h[ atta9$4 ,dom9ion is acquir$ two ways2 by g5]ation1 & by conque/4 ,! "r ( dom9ion by g5]ation1 is t1 :i* ! p>5t ha? ov] 8 *ildr52 & is call$ ,,pat]nal4 ,sid5ote3 ,n by g5]ation1 b by contract2 ,& is n s d]iv$ f ! g5]ation1 z if !re=e ! p>5t _h dom9ion ov] 8 *ild because he begat him2 b f ! *ild's cons5t1 ei!r express1 or by o!r suffici5t argum5ts decl>$4 ,= z to ! g5]ation1 ,god ha? orda9$ to man a help]2 & !re be always two t are equally p>5ts3 ! dom9ion !re=e ov] ! *ild1 %\ld belong equally to bo?2 & he be equally subject to bo?1 :i* is impossible2 = no man c obey two ma/]s4 ,& :]eas "s h attribut$ ! dom9ion to ! man only1 z be+ ( ! m excell5t sex2 !y misreckon 9 x4 ,= !re is n always t diff]5ce ( /r5g?1 or prud5ce betwe5 ! man & ! woman1 z t ! "r c be det]m9$ )\t w>4 ,9 commonweal?s1 ?is controv]sy is decid$ by ! civil law2 & = ! mo/ "p1 b n always1 ! s5t5ce is 9 fav\r ( ! fa!r2 because = ! mo/ "p commonweal?s h be5 erect$ by ! fa!rs1 n by ! mo!rs ( families4 ,b ! "q lie? n[ 9 ! /ate ( m]e nature2 :]e !re are suppos$ no laws ( matrimony2 no laws = ! education ( *ildr52 b ! law ( nature1 & ! natural incl9ation ( ! sexes1 "o to ano!r1 & to _! *ildr54 ,9 ?is condition ( m]e nature1 ei!r ! p>5ts betwe5 !mselves dispose ( ! dom9ion ov] ! *ild by contract2 or d n dispose !re( at all4 ,if !y dispose !re(1 ! "r passe? accord+ to ! contract4 ,we f9d 9 hi/ory t ! ,amazons contract$ ) ! m5 ( ! neighb\r+ c\ntries1 to :om !y _h rec\rse = issue1 t ! issue male %\ld be s5t back1 b ! female rema9 ) !mselves3 s t ! dom9ion ( ! females 0 9 ! "m4 ,sid5ote3 ,or education2 ,if !re be no contract1 ! dom9ion is 9 ! "m4 ,= 9 ! condition ( m]e nature1 :]e !re are no matrimonial laws1 x _c be kn[n :o is ! fa!r1 unless x be decl>$ by ! "m3 & !re=e ! "r ( dom9ion ov] ! *ild dep5de? on h] w1 & is consequ5tly h]s4 ,aga91 see+ ! infant is fir/ 9 ! p[] ( ! "m1 s z %e may ei!r n\ri%1 or expose x2 if %e n\ri% x1 x owe? its life to ! "m2 & is !re=e oblig$ to obey h]1 r ?an any o!r2 & by consequ5ce ! dom9ion ov] x is h]s4 ,b if %e expose x1 & ano!r f9d & n\ri% x1 ! dom9ion is 9 him t n\ri%e? x4 ,= x ought to obey him by :om x is pres]v$2 because pres]vation ( life be+ ! end1 = :i* "o man becomes subject to ano!r1 e man is suppos$ to promise ob$i5ce1 to him1 9 ^: p[] x is to save1 or de/roy him4 ,sid5ote3 ,or prec$5t subjection ( "o ( ! p>5ts to ! o!r4 ,if ! "m be ! fa!r's subject1 ! *ild1 is 9 ! fa!r's p[]3 & if ! fa!r be ! "m's subject1 z :5 a sov]eign que5 m>rie? "o ( h] subjects1 ! *ild is subject to ! "m2 because ! fa!r also is h] subject4 ,if a man & woman1 mon>*s ( two sev]al k+doms1 h a *ild1 & contract conc]n+ :o %all h ! dom9ion ( him1 ! "r ( ! dom9ion passe? by ! contract4 ,if !y contract n1 ! dom9ion foll[e? ! dom9ion ( ! place ( 8 resid5ce4 ,= ! sov]eign ( ea* c\ntry ha? dom9ion ov] all t reside !re94 ,he t ha? ! dom9ion ov] ! *ild1 ha? dom9ion also ov] ! *ildr5 ( ! *ild2 & ov] _! *ildr5's *ildr54 ,= he t ha? dom9ion ov] ! p]son ( a man1 ha? dom9ion ov] all t is 82 )\t :i*1 dom9ion 7 b a title1 )\t ! effect4 ,sid5ote3 ,! "r ( succession foll[e? ! rules ( ! "r ( possession4 ,! "r ( succession to pat]nal dom9ion1 proce$e? 9 ! same mann]1 z do? ! "r ( succession ( mon>*y2 ( :i* ,i h already suffici5tly spok5 9 ! prec$5t *apt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,despotical dom9ion atta9$4 ,dom9ion acquir$ by conque/1 or victory 9 w>1 is t :i* "s writ]s call ,,despotical1 f 1 :i* signifie? a "l1 or ma/]2 & is ! dom9ion ( ! ma/] ov] 8 s]vant4 ,& ?is dom9ion is !n acquir$ to ! victor1 :5 ! vanqui%$1 to avoid ! pres5t /roke ( dea?1 cov5ante? ei!r 9 express words1 or by o!r suffici5t signs ( ! w1 t s long z 8 life1 & ! lib]ty ( 8 body is all[$ him1 ! victor %all h ! use !re(1 at 8 pleasure4 ,& aft] su* cov5ant made1 ! vanqui%$ is a ,,s]vant1 & n be=e3 = by ! ^w s]vant1 :e!r x be d]iv$ f s]vire1 to s]ve1 or f s]v>e1 to save1 :i* ,i leave to gramm>ians to dispute1 is n meant a captive1 :i* is kept 9 prison1 or bonds1 till ! own] ( him t took him1 or b\ght him ( "o t did1 %all consid] :at to d ) him3 = su* m51 commonly call$ slaves1 h no obligation at all2 b may break _! bonds1 or ! prison2 & kill1 or c>ry away captive _! ma/]1 ju/ly3 b "o1 t be+ tak51 ha? corporal lib]ty all[$ him2 & ^u promise n to run away1 nor to d viol5ce to 8 ma/]1 is tru/$ by him4 ,sid5ote3 ,n by ! victory1 b by ! cons5t ( ! vanqui%$4 ,x is n !re=e ! victory1 t give? ! "r ( dom9ion ov] ! vanqui%$1 b 8 own cov5ant4 ,nor is he oblig$ because he is conqu]$2 t is to say1 beat51 & tak51 or put to flight2 b because he come? 91 & submitte? to ! victor2 nor is ! victor oblig$ by an enemy's r5d]+ himself1 )\t promise ( life1 to sp>e him = ?is 8 yield+ to discretion2 :i* obliges n ! victor long]1 ?an 9 8 own discretion he %all ?9k fit4 ,& t :i* m5 d1 :5 !y dem&1 z x is n[ call$1 qu>t]1 :i* ! ,greeks call$ 1 tak+ alive1 is to evade ! pres5t fury ( ! victor1 by submission1 & to comp\nd = _! life1 ) ransom1 or s]vice3 & !re=e he t ha? qu>t]1 ha? n 8 life giv51 b def]r$ till f>!r delib]ation2 = x is n a yield+ on condition ( life1 b to discretion4 ,& !n only is 8 life 9 security1 & 8 s]vice due1 :5 ! victor ha? tru/$ him ) 8 corporal lib]ty4 ,= slaves t "w 9 prisons2 or fett]s1 d x n ( duty1 b to avoid ! cruelty ( _! task-ma/]s4 ,! ma/] ( ! s]vant1 is ma/] also ( all he ha?3 & may exact ! use !re(2 t is to say1 ( 8 goods1 ( 8 lab\r1 ( 8 s]vants1 & ( 8 *ildr51 z (t5 z he %all ?9k fit4 ,= he holde? 8 life ( 8 ma/]1 by ! cov5ant ( ob$i5ce2 t is1 ( own+1 & au?oriz+ :atsoev] ! ma/] %all d4 ,& 9 case ! ma/]1 if he refuse1 kill him1 or ca/ him into bonds1 or o!rwise puni% him = 8 disob$i5ce1 he is himself ! au?or ( ! same2 & _c accuse him ( injury4 ,9 sum1 ! rights & consequ5ces ( bo? pat]nal & despotical dom9ion1 are ! v same ) ^? ( a sov]eign by in/itution2 & = ! same reasons3 :i* reasons are set d[n 9 ! prec$5t *apt]4 ,s t = a man t is mon>* ( div]s nations1 :]e( he ha?1 9 "o ! sov]eignty by in/itution ( ! p assembl$1 & 9 ano!r by conque/1 t is by ! submission ( ea* p>ticul>1 to avoid dea? or bonds2 to dem& ( "o nation m ?an ( ! o!r1 f ! title ( conque/1 z be+ a conqu]$ nation1 is an act ( ignorance ( ! rights ( sov]eignty2 = ! sov]eign is absolute ov] bo? alike2 or else !re is no sov]eignty at all2 & s e man may lawfully protect himself1 if he c1 ) 8 own sword1 :i* is ! condition ( w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5ce betwe5 a family & a k+dom4 ,by ?is x appe>s2 t a great family1 if x be n "p ( "s commonweal?1 is ( itself1 z to ! rights ( sov]eignty1 a little mon>*y3 :e!r t family consi/ ( a man & 8 *ildr52 or ( a man & 8 s]vants2 or ( a man1 & 8 *ildr51 & s]vants toge!r3 :]e9 ! fa!r or ma/] is ! sov]eign4 ,b yet a family is n prop]ly a commonweal?2 unless x be ( t p[] by its own numb]1 or by o!r opportunities1 z n to be subdu$ )\t ! haz>d ( w>4 ,= :]e a numb] ( m5 are manife/ly too weak to def5d !mselves unit$1 e "o may use 8 own reason 9 "t ( dang]1 to save 8 own life1 ei!r by flight1 or by submission to ! enemy1 z he %all ?9k be/2 9 ! same mann] z a v small company ( soldi]s1 surpris$ by an army1 may ca/ d[n _! arms1 & dem& qu>t]1 or run away1 r ?an be put to ! sword4 ,& ?us mu* %all suffice1 conc]n+ :at ,i f9d by speculation1 & d$uction1 ( sov]eign rights1 f ! nature1 ne$1 & designs ( m51 9 erect+ ( commonweal?s1 & putt+ !mselves "u mon>*s1 or assemblies1 entru/$ ) p[] en\gh = _! protection4 ,sid5ote3 ,! rights ( mon>*y f ,scripture4 ,let u n[ consid] :at ! ,scripture tea*e? 9 ! same po9t4 ,to ,moses1 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel say ?us3 ,speak ?\ to u1 & we w he> !e2 b let n ,god speak to u1 le/ we die4 7,exod4 xx4 #ai47 ,?is is absolute ob$i5ce to ,moses4 ,conc]n+ ! "r ( k+s1 ,god himself by ! m\? ( ,samuel1 sai?1 7#a ,sam4 viii4 #aa1 #ab1 c47 ,?is %all be ! "r ( ! k+ y w h to reign ov] y4 ,he %all take y\r sons1 & set !m to drive 8 *>iots1 & to be 8 horsem51 & to run be=e 8 *>iots2 & ga!r 9 8 h>ve/2 & to make 8 eng9es ( w>1 & in/rum5ts ( 8 *>iots2 & %all take y\r daught]s to make p]fumes1 to be 8 cooks1 & bak]s4 ,he %all take y\r fields1 y\r v9e-y>ds1 & y\r olive-y>ds1 & give !m to 8 s]vants4 ,he %all take ! ti! ( y\r corn & w9e1 & give x to ! m5 ( 8 *amb]1 & to 8 o!r s]vants4 ,he %all take y\r man-s]vants1 & y\r maid-s]vants1 & ! *oice ( y\r y\?1 & employ !m 9 8 bus9ess4 ,he %all take ! ti! ( y\r flocks2 & y %all be 8 s]vants4 ,?is is absolute p[]1 & summ$ up 9 ! la/ words1 y %all be 8 s]vants4 ,aga91 :5 ! p he>d :at p[] _! k+ 0 to h1 yet !y cons5t$ !reto1 & say ?us1 7v]se #aj7 we w be z all o!r nations1 & our k+ %all judge our causes1 & g be=e u1 to conduct our w>s4 ,"h is confirm$ ! "r t sov]eigns h1 bo? to ! militia1 & to all judicature2 9 :i* is conta9$ z absolute p[]1 z "o man c possibly transf] to ano!r4 ,aga91 ! pray] ( k+ ,solomon to ,god1 0 ?is 7#a ,k+s1 iii4 #i73 ,give to ?y s]vant und]/&+1 to judge ?y p1 & to disc]n betwe5 good & evil4 ,x belonge? !re=e to ! sov]eign to be judge1 & to prescribe ! rules ( disc]n+ good & evil3 :i* rules are laws2 & !re=e 9 him is ! legislative p[]4 ,saul s\ght ! life ( ,david2 yet :5 x 0 9 8 p[] to slay ,saul1 & 8 s]vants w\ld h done x1 ,david =bad !m1 say+1 7#a ,sam4 xxiv4 #f7 ,god =bid ,i %\ld d su* an act aga9/ my ,"l1 ! ano9t$ ( ,god4 ,= ob$i5ce ( s]vants ,/4 ,paul sai?2 7,col4 iii4 #bb7 ,s]vants obey y\r ma/]s 9 all ?+s2 &1 7,col4 iii4 #bj7 *ildr5 obey y\r p>5ts 9 all ?+s4 ,!re is simple ob$i5ce 9 ^? t are subject to pat]nal1 or despotical dom9ion4 ,aga91 7,matt4 xxiii4 #b1 #c7 ,! ,scribes & ,ph>isees sit 9 ,moses' *air1 & !re=e all t !y %all bid y obs]ve1 t obs]ve & d4 ,!re aga9 is simple ob$i5ce4 ,& ,/4 ,paul1 7,titus iii4 #b7 ,w>n !m t !y subject !mselves to pr9ces1 & to ^? t are 9 au?ority1 & obey !m4 ,?is ob$i5ce is also simple4 ,la/ly1 our ,savi\r himself ackn[l$ges1 t m5 ought to pay su* taxes z are by k+s impos$1 :]e he says1 give to ,cs> t :i* is ,cs>'s2 & paid su* taxes himself4 ,& t ! k+'s ^w1 is suffici5t to take any?+ f any subject1 :5 !re is ne$2 & t ! k+ is judge ( t ne$3 = he himself1 z k+ ( ! ,jews1 comm&$ 8 disciples to take ! ass1 & ass's colt to c>ry him into ,j]usalem1 say+1 7,mat?4 xxi4 #b1 #c7 ,g into ! village ov] aga9/ y1 & y %all f9d a %e ass ti$1 & h] colt ) h]1 untie !m1 & br+ !m to me4 ,& if any man ask y1 :at y mean by x1 say ! ,"l ha? ne$ ( !m3 & !y w let !m g4 ,!y w n ask :e!r 8 necessity be a suffici5t title2 nor :e!r he be judge ( t necessity2 b acquiesce 9 ! w ( ! ,"l4 ,to ^! places may be add$ also t ( ,g5esis1 7iii4 #e7 ,ye %all be z gods1 kn[+ good & evil4 ,& 7v]se #aa7 ,:o told !e t ?\ wa/ nak$8 ha/ ?\ eat5 ( ! tree1 ( :i* ,i comm&$ !e ?\ %\lde/ n eat8 ,= ! cognizance or judicature ( good & evil1 be+ =bidd5 by ! "n ( ! fruit ( ! tree ( k1 z a trial ( ,adam's ob$i5ce2 ! devil to inflame ! ambition ( ! woman1 to :om t fruit already seem$ beautiful1 told h] t by ta/+ x1 !y %\ld be z gods1 kn[+ good & evil4 ,:]eupon hav+ bo? eat51 !y did inde$ take ^u !m ,god's (fice1 :i* is judicature ( good & evil2 b acquir$ no new ability to di/+ui% betwe5 !m aright4 ,& :]eas x is said1 t hav+ eat51 !y saw !y 7 nak$2 no man ha? s int]pret$ t place1 z if !y _h be5 =m]ly bl9d1 & saw n _! own sk9s3 ! mean+ is pla91 t x 0 !n !y fir/ judg$ _! nak$ness1 :]e9 x 0 ,god's w to create !m1 to be uncomely2 & by be+ a%am$1 did tacitly c5sure ,god himself4 ,& !reupon ,god sai?2 ,ha/ ?\ eat51 c4 z if he %\ld say1 doe/ ?\ t owe/ me ob$i5ce1 take ^u !e to judge ( my comm&m5ts8 ,:]eby x is cle>ly1 ?\gh allegorically1 signifi$1 t ! comm&s ( !m t h ! "r to comm&1 are n by _! subjects to be c5sur$1 nor disput$4 ,sid5ote3 ,sov]eign p[] ought 9 all commonweal?s to be absolute4 ,s t x appe>e? pla9ly1 to my und]/&+1 bo? f reason1 & ,scripture1 t ! sov]eign p[]1 :e!r plac$ 9 "o man1 z 9 mon>*y1 or 9 "o assembly ( m51 z 9 popul>1 & ari/ocratical commonweal?s1 is z great1 z possibly m5 c be imag9$ to make x4 ,& ?\gh ( s unlimit$ a p[]1 m5 may fancy _m evil consequ5ces1 yet ! consequ5ces ( ! want ( x1 :i* is p]petual w> ( e man aga9/ 8 neighb\r1 are mu* worse4 ,! condition ( man 9 ?is life %all nev] be )\t inconv5i5ces2 b !re happ5e? 9 no commonweal? any great inconv5i5ce1 b :at proce$s f ! subject's disob$i5ce1 & brea* ( ^? cov5ants1 f :i* ! commonweal? ha? its be+4 ,& :osoev] ?9k+ sov]eign p[] too great1 w seek to make x less1 mu/ subject himself1 to ! p[]1 t c limit x2 t is to say1 to a great]4 ,! greate/ objection is1 t ( ! practice2 :5 m5 ask1 :]e1 & :51 su* p[] has by subjects be5 ackn[l$g$4 ,b "o may ask !m aga91 :51 or :]e has !re be5 a k+dom long free f s$ition & civil w>4 ,9 ^? nations1 ^: commonweal?s h be5 long-liv$1 & n be5 de/roy$ b by =eign w>1 ! subjects nev] did dispute ( ! sov]eign p[]4 ,b h[soev]1 an argum5t f ! practice ( m51 t h n sift$ to ! bottom1 & ) exact reason weigh$ ! causes1 & nature ( commonweal?s1 & suff] daily ^? mis]ies1 t proce$ f ! ignorance !re(1 is invalid4 ,= ?\gh 9 all places ( ! _w1 m5 %\ld lay ! f\ndation ( _! h\ses on ! s&1 x c\ld n !nce be inf]r$1 t s x ought to be4 ,! skill ( mak+1 & ma9ta9+ commonweal?s1 consi/e? 9 c]ta9 rules1 z do? ari?metic & geometry2 n1 z t5nis-play1 on practice only3 :i* rules1 nei!r poor m5 h ! leisure1 nor m5 t h _h ! leisure1 h hi!rto _h ! curiosity1 or ! me?od to f9d out4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,( ,,! ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,subjects4 ,sid5ote3 ,lib]ty :at4 ,,lib]ty1 or ,,fre$om1 signifie?1 prop]ly1 ! abs5ce ( opposition2 by opposition1 ,i mean ext]nal imp$im5ts ( motion2 & may be appli$ no less to irrational1 & inanimate creatures1 ?an to rational4 ,= :atsoev] is s ti$1 or environ$1 z x _c move b )9 a c]ta9 space1 :i* space is det]m9$ by ! opposition ( "s ext]nal body1 we say x ha? n lib]ty to g fur!r4 ,& s ( all liv+ creatures1 :il/ !y are imprison$1 or re/ra9$1 ) walls1 or *a9s2 & ( ! wat] :il/ x is kept 9 by banks1 or vessels1 t o!rwise w\ld spread itself into a l>g] space1 we use to say1 !y are n at lib]ty1 to move 9 su* mann]1 z )\t ^? ext]nal imp$im5ts !y w\ld4 ,b :5 ! imp$im5t ( motion1 is 9 ! con/itution ( ! ?+ itself1 we use n to say2 x wants ! lib]ty2 b ! p[] to move2 z :5 a /one lie? /ill1 or a man is fa/5$ to 8 b$ by sickness4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at x is to be free4 ,& accord+ to ?is prop]1 & g5]ally receiv$ mean+ ( ! ^w1 a ,,freeman1 is he1 t 9 ^? ?+s1 :i* by 8 /r5g? & wit he is able to d1 is n h9d]$ to d :at he has a w to4 ,b :5 ! words free1 & lib]ty1 are appli$ to any ?+ b bodies1 !y are abus$2 = t :i* is n subject to motion1 is n subject to imp$im5t3 & !re=e1 :5 x is said1 = example1 ! way is free1 no lib]ty ( ! way is signifi$1 b ( ^? t walk 9 x )\t /op4 ,& :5 we say a gift is free1 !re is n meant any lib]ty ( ! gift1 b ( ! giv]1 t 0 n b\nd by any law or cov5ant to give x4 ,s :5 we speak freely1 x is n ! lib]ty ( voice1 or pronunciation1 b ( ! man1 :om no law ha? oblig$ to speak o!rwise ?an he did4 ,la/ly1 f ! use ( ! ^w free-w1 no lib]ty c be inf]r$ ( ! w1 desire1 or incl9ation1 b ! lib]ty ( ! man2 :i* consi/e? 9 ?is1 t he f9ds no /op1 9 do+ :at he has ! w1 desire1 or incl9ation to d4 ,sid5ote3 ,fe> & lib]ty are consi/5t4 ,fe> & lib]ty are consi/5t2 z :5 a man ?r[e? 8 goods into ! sea = fe> ! %ip %\ld s9k1 he do? x nev]!less v will+ly1 & may refuse to d x if he w3 x is !re=e ! action ( "o t 0 free3 s a man sometimes pays 8 debt1 only = fe> ( imprisonm5t1 :i* because nobody h9d]$ him f deta9+1 0 ! action ( a man at lib]ty4 ,& g5]ally all actions :i* m5 d 9 commonweal?s1 = fe> ( ! law1 are actions1 :i* ! do]s _h lib]ty to omit4 ,sid5ote3 ,lib]ty & necessity consi/5t4 ,lib]ty1 & necessity are consi/5t3 z 9 ! wat]1 t ha? n only lib]ty1 b a necessity ( desc5d+ by ! *annel2 s likewise 9 ! actions :i* m5 volunt>ily d3 :i*1 because !y proce$ f _! w1 proce$ f lib]ty2 & yet1 because e act ( man's w1 & e desire1 & incl9ation proce$e? f "s cause1 & t f ano!r cause1 9 a cont9ual *a91 ^: fir/ l9k is 9 ! h& ( ,god ! fir/ ( all causes1 proce$ f necessity4 ,s t to him t c\ld see ! connexion ( ^? causes1 ! necessity ( all m5's volunt>y actions1 w\ld appe> manife/4 ,& !re=e ,god1 t see?1 & dispose? all ?+s1 see? also t ! lib]ty ( man 9 do+ :at he w1 is accompani$ ) ! necessity ( do+ t :i* ,god w1 & no m1 nor less4 ,= ?\gh m5 may d _m ?+s1 :i* ,god does n comm&1 nor is !re=e au?or ( !m2 yet !y c h no passion1 nor appetite to any?+1 ( :i* appetite ,god's w is n ! cause4 ,& did n 8 w assure ! necessity ( man's w1 & consequ5tly ( all t on man's w dep5de?1 ! lib]ty ( m5 w\ld be a contradiction1 & imp$im5t to ! omnipot5ce & lib]ty ( ,god4 ,& ?is %all suffice1 z to ! matt] 9 h&1 ( t natural lib]ty1 :i* only is prop]ly call$ lib]ty4 ,sid5ote3 ,artificial bonds1 or cov5ants4 ,b z m51 = ! atta9+ ( peace1 & cons]vation ( !mselves !reby1 h made an artificial man1 :i* we call a commonweal?2 s also h !y made artificial *a9s1 call$ civil laws1 :i* !y !mselves1 by mutual cov5ants1 h fa/5$ at "o end1 to ! lips ( t man1 or assembly1 to :om !y h giv5 ! sov]eign p[]2 & at ! o!r end to _! own e>s4 ,^! bonds1 9 _! own nature b weak1 may nev]!less be made to hold1 by ! dang]1 ?\gh n by ! difficulty ( break+ !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,lib]ty ( subjects consi/e? 9 lib]ty f cov5ants4 ,9 relation to ^! bonds only x is1 t ,i am to speak n[1 ( ! lib]ty ( subjects4 ,= see+ !re is no commonweal? 9 ! _w1 :]e9 !re be rules en\gh set d[n1 = ! regulat+ ( all ! actions1 & words ( m52 z be+ a ?+ impossible3 x foll[e? necess>ily1 t 9 all k9ds ( actions by ! laws prt]mitt$1 m5 h ! lib]ty1 ( do+ :at _! own reasons %all sugge/1 = ! mo/ pr(itable to !mselves4 ,= if we take lib]ty 9 ! prop] s5se1 = corporal lib]ty2 t is to say1 fre$om f *a9s & prison2 x 7 v absurd = m5 to clam\r z !y d1 = ! lib]ty !y s manife/ly enjoy4 ,aga91 if we take lib]ty1 = an exemption f laws1 x is x no less absurd1 = m5 to dem& z !y d1 t lib]ty1 by :i* all o!r m5 may be ma/]s ( _! lives4 ,& yet1 z absurd z x is1 ?is is x !y dem&2 n kn[+ t ! laws are ( no p[] to protect !m1 )\t a sword 9 ! h&s ( a man1 or m51 to cause ^? laws to be put 9 execution4 ,! lib]ty ( a subject1 lie? !re=e only 9 ^? ?+s1 :i* 9 regulat+ _! actions1 ! sov]eign ha? prt]mitt$3 su* z is ! lib]ty to buy1 & sell1 & o!rwise contract ) "o ano!r2 to *oose _! own abode1 _! own diet1 _! own trade ( life1 & in/itute _! *ildr5 z !y !mselves ?9k fit2 & ! l4 ,sid5ote3 ,lib]ty ( ! subject consi/5t ) ! unlimit$ p[] ( ! sov]eign4 ,nev]!less we are n to und]/&1 t by su* lib]ty1 ! sov]eign p[] ( life & dea?1 is ei!r aboli%$1 or limit$4 ,= x has be5 already %[n1 t no?+ ! sov]eign repres5tative c d to a subject1 on :at pret5ce soev]1 c prop]ly be call$ inju/ice1 or injury2 because e subject is au?or ( e act ! sov]eign do?2 s t he nev] wante? "r to any?+1 o!rwise1 ?an z he himself is ! subject ( ,god1 & b\nd !reby to obs]ve ! laws ( nature4 ,& !re=e x may1 & do? (t5 happ5 9 commonweal?s1 t a subject may be put to dea?1 by ! comm& ( ! sov]eign p[]2 & yet nei!r d ! o!r wrong3 z :5 ,jeph?a caus$ 8 daught] to be sacrific$3 9 :i*1 & ! l cases1 he t s die?1 _h lib]ty to d ! action1 = :i* he is nev]!less1 )\t injury put to dea?4 ,& ! same holde? also 9 a sov]eign pr9ce1 t putte? to dea? an innoc5t subject4 ,= ?\gh ! action be aga9/ ! law ( nature1 z be+ contr>y to equity1 z 0 ! kill+ ( ,uriah1 by ,david2 yet x 0 n an injury to ,uriah1 b to ,god4 ,n to ,uriah1 because ! "r to d :at he pleas$ 0 giv5 him by ,uriah himself3 & yet to ,god1 because ,david 0 ,god's subject1 & prohibit$ all iniquity by ! law ( nature3 :i* di/9ction1 ,david himself1 :5 he rep5t$ ! fact1 evid5tly confirm$1 say+1 ,to !e only h ,i s9n$4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ! p ( ,a!ns1 :5 !y bani%$ ! mo/ pot5t ( _! commonweal? = t5 ye>s1 ?\ght !y committ$ no inju/ice2 & yet !y nev] que/ion$ :at crime he _h done2 b :at hurt he w\ld d3 nay !y comm&$ ! bani%m5t ( !y knew n :om2 & e citiz5 br++ 8 oy/]%ell into ! m>ket place1 writt5 ) ! "n ( him he desir$ %\ld be bani%$1 )\t actually accus+ him1 sometimes bani%$ an ,ari/ides1 = 8 reputation ( ju/ice2 & sometimes a scurril\s je/]1 z ,hyp]bolus1 to make a je/ ( x4 ,& yet a man _c say1 ! sov]eign p ( ,a!ns want$ "r to bani% !m2 or an ,a!nian ! lib]ty to je/1 or to be j4 ,sid5ote3 ,! lib]ty :i* writ]s praise1 is ! lib]ty ( sov]eigns2 n ( private m54 ,! lib]ty1 :]e( !re is s frequ5t & hon\rable m5tion1 9 ! hi/ories1 & philosophy ( ! anci5t ,greeks1 & ,romans1 & 9 ! writ+s1 & disc\rse ( ^? t f !m h receiv$ all _! le>n+ 9 ! politics1 is n ! lib]ty ( p>ticul> m52 b ! lib]ty ( ! commonweal?3 :i* is ! same ) t :i* e man !n %\ld h1 if !re 7 no civil laws1 nor commonweal? at all4 ,& ! effects ( x also be ! same4 ,= z among/ ma/]less m51 !re is p]petual w>1 ( e man aga9/ 8 neighb\r2 no inh]itance1 to transmit to ! son1 nor to expect f ! fa!r2 no propriety ( goods1 or l&s2 no security2 b a full & absolute lib]ty 9 e p>ticul> man3 s 9 /ates1 & commonweal?s n dep5d5t on "o ano!r1 e commonweal?1 n e man1 has an absolute lib]ty1 to d :at x %all judge1 t is to say1 :at t man1 or assembly t repres5te? x1 %all judge mo/ conduc+ to _! b5efit4 ,b )al1 !y live 9 ! condition ( a p]petual w>1 & ^u ! conf9es ( battle1 ) _! fronti]s arm$1 & cannons plant$ aga9/ _! neighb\rs r\nd ab\t4 ,! ,a!nians1 & ,romans 7 free2 t is1 free commonweal?s3 n t any p>ticul> m5 _h ! lib]ty to resi/ _! own repres5tative2 b t _! repres5tative _h ! lib]ty to resi/1 or invade o!r p4 ,!re is writt5 on ! turrets ( ! city ( ,lucca 9 great *>act]s at ?is day1 ! ^w ,,lib]tas2 yet no man c !nce inf]1 t a p>ticul> man has m lib]ty1 or immunity f ! s]vice ( ! commonweal? !re1 ?an 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,:e!r a commonweal? be mon>*ical1 or popul>1 ! fre$om is /ill ! same4 ,b x is an easy ?+1 = m5 to be deceiv$1 by ! speci\s "n ( lib]ty2 & = want ( judgm5t to di/+ui%1 mi/ake t = _! private inh]itance1 & bir?-"r1 :i* is ! "r ( ! public only4 ,& :5 ! same error is confirm$ by ! au?ority ( m5 9 reputation = _! writ+s on ?is subject1 x is no wond] if x produce s$ition1 & *ange ( gov]nm5t4 ,9 ^! we/]n p>ts ( ! _w1 we are made to receive our op9ions conc]n+ ! in/itution1 & rights ( commonweal?s1 f ,ari/otle1 ,cic]o1 & o!r m51 ,greeks & ,romans1 t liv+ "u popul> /ates1 d]iv$ ^? rights1 n f ! pr9ciples ( nature1 b transcrib$ !m into _! books1 out ( ! practice ( _! own commonweal?s1 :i* 7 popul>2 z ! gramm>ians describe ! rules ( language1 out ( ! practice ( ! "t2 or ! rules ( poetry1 out ( ! poems ( ,hom] & ,virgil4 ,& because ! ,a!nians 7 taught1 to keep !m f desire ( *ang+ _! gov]nm5t1 t !y 7 freem51 & all t liv$ "u mon>*y 7 slaves2 !re=e ,ari/otle puts x d[n 9 8 ,politics1 7lib4 #f4 cap4 ii47 ,9 democracy1 ,,lib]ty is to be suppos$3 = x is commonly held1 t no man is ,,free 9 any o!r gov]nm5t4 ,& z ,ari/otle2 s ,cic]o1 & o!r writ]s h gr\nd$ _! civil doctr9e1 on ! op9ions ( ! ,romans1 :o 7 taught to hate mon>*y1 at fir/1 by !m t hav+ depos$ _! sov]eign1 %>$ among/ !m ! sov]eignty ( ,rome2 & aft]w>ds by _! successors4 ,& by read+ ( ^! ,greek1 & ,lat9 au?ors1 m5 f _! *ildhood h gott5 a habit1 "u a false %[ ( lib]ty1 ( fav\r+ tumults1 & ( lic5ti\s controll+ ! actions ( _! sov]eigns1 & aga9 ( controll+ ^? controll]s2 ) ! effusion ( s mu* blood1 z ,i ?9k ,i may truly say1 !re 0 nev] any ?+ s de>ly b\ght1 z ^! we/]n p>ts h b\ght ! le>n+ ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 tongues4 ,sid5ote3 ,lib]ty ( subjects h[ to be measur$4 ,to come n[ to ! p>ticul>s ( ! true lib]ty ( a subject2 t is to say1 :at are ! ?+s1 :i* ?\gh comm&$ by ! sov]eign1 he may nev]!less1 )\t inju/ice1 refuse to d2 we are to consid]1 :at rights we pass away1 :5 we make a commonweal?2 or1 :i* is all "o1 :at lib]ty we d5y ourselves1 by own+ all ! actions1 )\t exception1 ( ! man1 or assembly we make our sov]eign4 ,= 9 ! act ( our submission1 consi/e? bo? our obligation1 & our lib]ty2 :i* mu/ !re=e be inf]r$ by argum5ts tak5 f !nce2 !re be+ no obligation on any man1 :i* arise? n f "s act ( 8 own2 = all m5 equally1 are by nature free4 ,& because su* argum5ts1 mu/ ei!r be drawn f ! express words1 ,i au?orize all 8 actions1 or f ! int5tion ( him t submitte? himself to 8 p[]1 :i* int5tion is to be und]/ood by ! end = :i* he s submitte?2 ! obligation1 & lib]ty ( ! subject1 is to be d]iv$1 ei!r f ^? words1 or o!rs equival5t2 or else f ! end ( ! in/itution ( sov]eignty1 namely1 ! peace ( ! subjects )9 !mselves1 & _! def5ce aga9/ a common enemy4 ,sid5ote3 ,subjects h lib]ty to def5d _! own bodies1 ev5 aga9/ !m t lawfully invade !m4 ,fir/ !re=e1 see+ sov]eignty by in/itution1 is by cov5ant ( e "o to e "o2 & sov]eignty by acquisition1 by cov5ants ( ! vanqui%$ to ! victor1 or *ild to ! p>5t2 x is manife/1 t e subject has lib]ty 9 all ^? ?+s1 ! "r :]e( _c by cov5ant be transf]r$4 ,i h %ewn be=e 9 ! #ad? *apt]1 t cov5ants1 n to def5d a man's own body1 are void4 ,!re=e1 ,sid5ote3 ,are n b\nd to hurt !mselves4 ,if ! sov]eign comm& a man1 ?\gh ju/ly condemn$1 to kill1 w\nd1 or maim himself2 or n to resi/ ^? t assault him2 or to ab/a9 f ! use ( food1 air1 m$ic9e1 or any o!r ?+1 )\t :i* he _c live2 yet ha? t man ! lib]ty to disobey4 ,if a man be int]rogat$ by ! sov]eign1 or 8 au?ority1 conc]n+ a crime done by himself1 he is n b\nd1 )\t assurance ( p>don1 to confess x2 because no man1 z ,i h %[n 9 ! same *apt]1 c be oblig$ by cov5ant to accuse himself4 ,aga91 ! cons5t ( a subject to sov]eign p[]1 is conta9$ 9 ^! words1 ,i au?orize1 or take ^u me1 all 8 actions2 9 :i* !re is no re/riction at all1 ( 8 own =m] natural lib]ty3 = by all[+ him to kill me1 ,i am n b\nd to kill myself :5 he comm&s me4 ,x is "o ?+ to say1 kill me1 or my fell[1 if y please2 ano!r ?+ to say1 ,i w kill myself1 or my fell[4 ,x foll[e? !re=e1 t ,no man is b\nd by ! words !mselves1 ei!r to kill himself1 or any o!r man2 & consequ5tly1 t ! obligation a man may sometimes h1 ^u ! comm& ( ! sov]eign to execute any dang]\s1 or di%on\rable (fice1 dep5de? n on ! words ( our submission2 b on ! int5tion1 :i* is to be und]/ood by ! end !re(4 ,:5 !re=e our refusal to obey1 fru/rates ! end = :i* ! sov]eignty 0 orda9$2 !n !re is no lib]ty to refuse3 o!rwise !re is4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor to w>f>e1 unless !y volunt>ily und]take x4 ,^u ?is gr\nd1 a man t is comm&$ z a soldi] to fight aga9/ ! enemy1 ?\gh 8 sov]eign h "r en\gh to puni% 8 refusal ) dea?1 may nev]!less 9 _m cases refuse1 )\t inju/ice2 z :5 he sub/itute? a suffici5t soldi] 9 8 place3 = 9 ?is case he des]te? n ! s]vice ( ! commonweal?4 ,& !re is all[ance to be made = natural timor\sness2 n only to wom51 ( :om no su* dang]\s duty is expect$1 b also to m5 ( fem99e c\rage4 ,:5 armies fight1 !re is on "o side1 or bo?1 a runn+ away2 yet :5 !y d x n out ( trea*]y1 b fe>1 !y are n e/eem$ to d x unju/ly1 b di%on\rably4 ,= ! same reason1 to avoid battle1 is n inju/ice1 b c[>dice4 ,b he t inrolle? himself a soldi]1 or take? impre/ money1 take? away ! excuse ( a timor\s nature2 & is oblig$1 n only to g to ! battle1 b also n to run f x1 )\t 8 capta9's leave4 ,& :5 ! def5ce ( ! commonweal?1 require? at once ! help ( all t are able to be> arms1 e "o is oblig$2 because o!rwise ! in/itution ( ! commonweal?1 :i* !y h n ! purpose1 or c\rage to pres]ve1 0 9 va94 ,to resi/ ! sword ( ! commonweal?1 9 def5ce ( ano!r man1 guilty1 or innoc5t1 no man ha? lib]ty2 because su* lib]ty1 takes away f ! sov]eign1 ! means ( protect+ u2 & is !re=e de/ructive ( ! v ess5ce ( gov]nm5t4 ,b 9 case a great _m m5 toge!r1 h already resi/$ ! sov]eign p[] unju/ly1 or committ$ "s capital crime1 = :i* e "o ( !m expecte? dea?1 :e!r h !y n ! lib]ty !n to jo9 toge!r1 & assi/1 & def5d "o ano!r8 ,c]ta9ly !y h3 = !y b def5d _! lives1 :i* ! guilty man may z well d1 z ! innoc5t4 ,!re 0 inde$ inju/ice 9 ! fir/ brea* ( _! duty2 _! be>+ ( arms subsequ5t to x1 ?\gh x be to ma9ta9 :at !y h done1 is no new unju/ act4 ,& if x be only to def5d _! p]sons1 x is n unju/ at all4 ,b ! (f] ( p>don take? f !m1 to :om x is (f]$1 ! plea ( self-def5ce1 & make? _! p]sev]ance 9 assi/+1 or def5d+ ! re/1 unlawful4 ,sid5ote3 ,! greate/ lib]ty ( subjects1 dep5de? on ! sil5ce ( ! law4 ,z = o!r lib]ties1 !y dep5d on ! sil5ce ( ! law4 ,9 cases :]e ! sov]eign has prescrib$ no rule1 !re ! subject ha? ! lib]ty to d1 or =be>1 accord+ to 8 own discretion4 ,& !re=e su* lib]ty is 9 "s places m1 & 9 "s less2 & 9 "s times m1 9 o!r times less1 accord+ z !y t h ! sov]eignty %all ?9k mo/ conv5i5t4 ,z = example1 !re 0 a "t1 :5 9 ,engl& a man might ent] into 8 own l&1 & dispossess su* z wrongfully possess$ x1 by =ce4 ,b 9 aft]times1 t lib]ty ( =cible entry1 0 tak5 away by a /atute made1 by ! k+1 9 p>liam5t4 ,& 9 "s places ( ! _w1 m5 h ! lib]ty ( _m wives3 9 o!r places1 su* lib]ty is n all[$4 ,if a subject h a controv]sy ) 8 sov]eign1 ( debt1 or ( "r ( possession ( l&s or goods1 or conc]n+ any s]vice requir$ at 8 h&s1 or conc]n+ any p5alty1 corporal1 or pecuni>y1 gr\nd$ on a prec$5t law2 he ha? ! same lib]ty to sue = 8 "r1 z if x 7 aga9/ a subject2 & be=e su* judges1 z are appo9t$ by ! sov]eign4 ,= see+ ! sov]eign dem&e? by =ce ( a =m] law1 & n by virtue ( 8 p[]2 he decl>e? !reby1 t he require? no m1 ?an %all appe> to be due by t law4 ,! suit !re=e is n contr>y to ! w ( ! sov]eign2 & consequ5tly ! subject ha? ! lib]ty to dem& ! he>+ ( 8 cause2 & s5t5ce1 accord+ to t law4 ,b if he dem&1 or take any?+ by pret5ce ( 8 p[]2 !re lie?1 9 t case1 no action ( law2 = all t is done by him 9 virtue ( 8 p[]1 is done by ! au?ority ( e subject1 & consequ5tly he t br+s an action aga9/ ! sov]eign1 br+s x aga9/ himself4 ,if a mon>*1 or sov]eign assembly1 grant a lib]ty to all1 or any ( 8 subjects1 :i* grant /&+1 he is disabl$ to provide = _! safety1 ! grant is void2 unless he directly r5\nce1 or transf] ! sov]eignty to ano!r4 ,= 9 t he might op5ly1 if x _h be5 8 w1 & 9 pla9 t]ms1 h r5\nc$1 or transf]r$ x1 & did n2 x is to be und]/ood x 0 n 8 w1 b t ! grant proce$$ f ignorance ( ! repugnancy betwe5 su* a lib]ty & ! sov]eign p[]2 & !re=e ! sov]eignty is /ill reta9$2 & consequ5tly all ^? p[]s1 :i* are necess>y to ! ex]cis+ !re(2 su* z are ! p[] ( w>1 & peace1 ( judicature1 ( appo9t+ (fic]s1 & c\ncillors1 ( levy+ money1 & ! re/ nam$ 9 ! #ah? *apt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 :at cases subjects are absolv$ ( _! ob$i5ce to _! sov]eign4 ,! obligation ( subjects to ! sov]eign1 is und]/ood to la/ z long1 & no long]1 ?an ! p[] la/e?1 by :i* he is able to protect !m4 ,= ! "r m5 h by nature to protect !mselves1 :5 none else c protect !m1 c by no cov5ant be rel9qui%$4 ,! sov]eignty is ! s\l ( ! commonweal?2 :i* once dep>t$ f ! body1 ! memb]s d no m receive _! motion f x4 ,! end ( ob$i5ce is protection2 :i*1 :]esoev] a man see? x1 ei!r 9 8 own1 or 9 ano!r's sword1 nature applie? 8 ob$i5ce to x1 & 8 endeav\r to ma9ta9 x4 ,& ?\gh sov]eignty1 9 ! int5tion ( !m t make x1 be immortal2 yet is x 9 its own nature1 n only subject to viol5t dea?1 by =eign w>2 b also ?r\gh ! ignorance1 & passions ( m51 x ha? 9 x1 f ! v in/itution1 _m se$s ( a natural mortality1 by inte/9e discord4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 case ( captivity4 ,if a subject be tak5 prison] 9 w>2 or 8 p]son1 or 8 means ( life be )9 ! gu>ds ( ! enemy1 & ha? 8 life & corporal lib]ty giv5 him1 on condition to be subject to ! victor1 he ha? lib]ty to accept ! condition2 & hav+ accept$ x1 is ! subject ( him t took him2 because he _h no o!r way to pres]ve himself4 ,! case is ! same1 if he be deta9$ on ! same t]ms1 9 a =eign c\ntry4 ,b if a man be held 9 prison1 or bonds1 or is n tru/$ ) ! lib]ty ( 8 body2 he _c be und]/ood to be b\nd by cov5ant to subjection2 & !re=e may1 if he c1 make 8 escape by any means :atsoev]4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 case ! sov]eign ca/ (f ! gov]nm5t f himself & 8 heirs4 ,if a mon>* %all rel9qui% ! sov]eignty1 bo? = himself1 & 8 heirs2 8 subjects return to ! absolute lib]ty ( nature2 because1 ?\gh nature may decl>e :o are 8 sons1 & :o are ! ne>e/ ( 8 k92 yet x dep5de? on 8 own w1 z ha? be5 said 9 ! prec$5t *apt]1 :o %all be 8 heir4 ,if !re=e he w h no heir1 !re is no sov]eignty1 nor subjection4 ,! case is ! same1 if he die )\t kn[n k9dr$1 & )\t decl>ation ( 8 heir4 ,= !n !re c no heir be kn[n1 & consequ5tly no subjection be due4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 case ( bani%m5t4 ,if ! sov]eign bani% 8 subject2 dur+ ! bani%m5t1 he is n subject4 ,b he t is s5t on a message1 or ha? leave to travel1 is /ill subject2 b x is1 by contract betwe5 sov]eigns1 n by virtue ( ! cov5ant ( subjection4 ,= :osoev] ent]e? into ano!r's dom9ion1 is subject to all ! laws !re(2 unless he h a privilege by ! amity ( ! sov]eigns1 or by special lic5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 case ! sov]eign r5d] himself subject to ano!r4 ,if a mon>* subdu$ by w>1 r5d] himself subject to ! victor2 8 subjects are deliv]$ f _! =m] obligation1 & become oblig$ to ! victor4 ,b if he be held prison]1 or h n ! lib]ty ( 8 own body2 he is n und]/ood to h giv5 away ! "r ( sov]eignty2 & !re=e 8 subjects are oblig$ to yield ob$i5ce to ! magi/rates =m]ly plac$1 gov]n+ n 9 _! own "n1 b 9 84 ,=1 8 "r rema9+1 ! "q is only ( ! adm9i/ration2 t is to say1 ( ! magi/rates & (fic]s2 :i*1 if he h n means to "n1 he is suppos$ to approve ^?1 :i* he himself _h =m]ly appo9t$4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,( ,,sy/ems ,,subject1 ,,political1 ,,& ,,private4 ,sid5ote3 ,! div]s sorts ( sy/ems ( p4 ,hav+ spok5 ( ! g5]ation1 =m1 & p[] ( a commonweal?1 ,i am 9 ord] to speak next ( ! p>ts !re(4 ,& fir/ ( sy/ems1 :i* resemble ! simil> p>ts1 or muscles ( a body natural4 ,by ,,sy/ems1 ,i und]/& any numb]s ( m5 jo9$ 9 "o int]e/1 or "o bus9ess4 ,( :i*1 "s are regul>1 & "s irregul>4 ,regul> are ^?1 :]e "o man1 or assembly ( m51 is con/itut$ repres5tative ( ! :ole numb]4 ,all o!r are irregul>4 ,( regul>1 "s are absolute1 & indep5d5t1 subject to none b _! own repres5tative3 su* are only commonweal?s2 ( :i* ,i h spok5 already 9 ! five la/ prec$5t *apt]s4 ,o!rs are dep5d5t2 t is to say1 subord9ate to "s sov]eign p[]1 to :i* e "o1 z also _! repres5tative is subject4 ,( sy/ems subord9ate1 "s are political1 & "s private4 ,political1 o!rwise call$ bodies politic1 & p]sons 9 law1 are ^?1 :i* are made by au?ority f ! sov]eign p[] ( ! commonweal?4 ,private1 are ^?1 :i* are con/itut$ by subjects among/ !mselves1 or by au?ority f a /rang]4 ,= no au?ority d]iv$ f =eign p[]1 )9 ! dom9ion ( ano!r1 is public !re1 b private4 ,& ( private sy/ems1 "s are lawful2 "s unlawful4 ,lawful1 are ^? :i* are all[$ by ! commonweal?3 all o!r are unlawful4 ,irregul> sy/ems1 are ^? :i* hav+ no repres5tative1 consi/ only 9 conc\rse ( p2 :i* if n =bidd5 by ! commonweal?1 nor made on evil design1 su* z are conflux ( p to m>kets1 or %[s1 or any o!r h>mless end1 are lawful4 ,b :5 ! int5tion is evil1 or 7if ! numb] be consid]able71 unkn[n1 !y are unlawful4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 all bodies politic ! p[] ( ! repres5tative is limit$4 ,9 bodies politic1 ! p[] ( ! repres5tative is always limit$3 & t :i* prescribe? ! limits !re(1 is ! p[] sov]eign4 ,= p[] unlimit$1 is absolute sov]eignty4 ,& ! sov]eign 9 e commonweal?1 is ! absolute repres5tative ( all ! subjects2 & !re=e no o!r c be repres5tative ( any "p ( !m1 b s f> =?1 z he %all give leave4 ,& to give leave to a body politic ( subjects1 to h an absolute repres5tative to all int5ts & purposes1 7 to ab&on ! gov]nm5t ( s mu* ( ! commonweal?1 & to divide ! dom9ion1 contr>y to _! peace & def5ce2 :i* ! sov]eign _c be und]/ood to d1 by any grant1 t does n pla9ly1 & directly dis*>ge !m ( _! subjection4 ,= consequ5ces ( words1 are n ! signs ( 8 w1 :5 o!r consequ5ces are signs ( ! contr>y2 b r signs ( error1 & misreckon+2 to :i* all mank9d is too prone4 ,! b\nds ( t p[]1 :i* is giv5 to ! repres5tative ( a body politic1 are to be tak5 notice (1 f two ?+s4 ,"o is _! writ1 or lett]s f ! sov]eign3 ! o!r is ! law ( ! commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,by lett]s pat5t3 ,= ?\gh 9 ! in/itution or acquisition ( a commonweal?1 :i* is indep5d5t1 !re ne$s no writ+1 because ! p[] ( ! repres5tative has !re no o!r b\nds1 b su* z are set out by ! unwritt5 law ( nature2 yet 9 subord9ate bodies1 !re are su* div]sities ( limitation necess>y1 conc]n+ _! bus9esses1 times1 & places1 z c nei!r be rememb]$ )\t lett]s1 nor tak5 notice (1 unless su* lett]s be pat5t1 t !y may be read to !m1 & )al seal$1 or te/ifi$1 ) ! seals1 or o!r p]man5t signs ( ! au?ority sov]eign4 ,sid5ote3 ,& ! laws4 ,& because su* limitation is n always easy1 or p]haps possible to be describ$ 9 writ+2 ! ord9>y laws1 common to all subjects1 mu/ det]m9e :at ! repres5tative may lawfully d1 9 all cases1 :]e ! lett]s !mselves are sil5t4 ,& !re=e1 ,sid5ote3 ,:5 ! repres5tative is "o man1 8 unw>rant$ acts are 8 own only4 ,9 a body politic1 if ! repres5tative be "o man1 :atsoev] he does 9 ! p]son ( ! body1 :i* is n w>rant$ 9 8 lett]s1 nor by ! laws1 is 8 own act1 & n ! act ( ! body1 nor ( any o!r memb] !re( besides himself3 because fur!r ?an 8 lett]s1 or ! laws limit1 he repres5te? no man's p]son1 b 8 own4 ,b :at he does accord+ to ^!1 is ! act ( e "o3 = ( ! act ( ! sov]eign e "o is au?or1 because he is _! repres5tative unlimit$2 & ! act ( him t rec$es n f ! lett]s ( ! sov]eign1 is ! act ( ! sov]eign1 & !re=e e memb] ( ! body is au?or ( x4 ,sid5ote3 ,:5 x is an assembly1 x is ! act ( !m t ass5t$ only4 ,b if ! repres5tative be an assembly2 :atsoev] t assembly %all decree1 n w>rant$ by _! lett]s1 or ! laws1 is ! act ( ! assembly1 or body politic1 & ! act ( e "o by ^: vote ! decree 0 made2 b n ! act ( any man t be+ pres5t vot$ to ! contr>y2 nor ( any man abs5t1 unless he vot$ x by procuration4 ,x is ! act ( ! assembly1 because vot$ by ! major "p2 & if x be a crime1 ! assembly may be puni%$1 z f> =? z x is capable1 z by dissolution1 or =feiture ( _! lett]s 7:i* is to su* artificial1 & fictiti\s bodies1 capital7 or1 if ! assembly h a common /ock1 :]e9 none ( ! innoc5t memb]s h propriety1 by pecuni>y mulct4 ,= f corporal p5alties nature ha? exempt$ all bodies politic4 ,b !y t gave n _! vote1 are !re=e innoc5t1 because ! assembly _c repres5t any man 9 ?+s unw>rant$ by _! lett]s1 & consequ5tly are n involv$ 9 _! votes4 ,sid5ote3 ,:5 ! repres5tative is "o man1 if he borr[ money1 or owe x1 by contract1 he is liable only1 ! memb]s n4 ,if ! p]son ( ! body politic be+ 9 "o man1 borr[ money ( a /rang]1 t is1 ( "o t is n ( ! same body1 7= no lett]s ne$ limit borr[+1 see+ x is left to m5's own incl9ations to limit l5d+71 ! debt is ! repres5tative's4 ,= if he %\ld h au?ority f 8 lett]s1 to make ! memb]s pay :at he borr[e?1 he %\ld h by consequ5ce ! sov]eignty ( !m2 & !re=e ! grant 7 ei!r void1 z proce$+ f error1 commonly incid5t to human nature1 & an insuffici5t sign ( ! w ( ! grant]2 or if x be av[$ by him1 !n is ! repres5t] sov]eign1 & falle? n "u ! pres5t "q1 :i* is only ( bodies subord9ate4 ,no memb] !re=e is oblig$ to pay ! debt s borr[$1 b ! repres5tative himself3 because he t l5de? x1 be+ a /rang] to ! lett]s1 & to ! qualification ( ! body1 und]/&e? ^? only = 8 debtors1 t are engag$3 & see+ ! repres5t] c engage himself1 & none else1 has him only = debtor2 :o mu/ !re=e pay him1 out ( ! common /ock1 if !re be any1 or1 if !re be none1 out ( 8 own e/ate4 ,if he come into debt by contract1 or mulct1 ! case is ! same4 ,sid5ote3 ,:5 x is an assembly1 !y only are liable t h ass5t$4 ,b :5 ! repres5tative is an assembly1 & ! debt to a /rang]2 all !y1 & only !y are responsible = ! debt1 t gave _! votes to ! borr[+ ( x1 or to ! contract t made x due1 or to ! fact = :i* ! mulct 0 impos$2 because e "o ( ^? 9 vot+ did engage himself = ! paym5t3 = he t is au?or ( ! borr[+1 is oblig$ to ! paym5t1 ev5 ( ! :ole debt2 ?\gh :5 paid by any "o1 he be dis*>g$4 ,sid5ote3 ,if ! debt be to "o ( ! assembly1 ! body only is oblig$4 ,b if ! debt be to "o ( ! assembly1 ! assembly only is oblig$ to ! paym5t1 out ( _! common /ock1 if !y h any3 = hav+ lib]ty ( vote1 if he vote ! money %all be borr[$1 he votes x %all be paid2 if he vote x %all n be borr[$1 or be abs5t1 yet because 9 l5d+1 he vote? ! borr[+1 he contradicte? 8 =m] vote1 & is oblig$ by ! latt]1 & becomes bo? borr[] & l5d]1 & consequ5tly _c dem& paym5t f any p>ticul> man1 b f ! common treasure only2 :i* fail+ he ha? no rem$y1 nor compla9t1 b aga9/ himself1 t be+ privy to ! acts ( ! assembly1 & to _! means to pay1 & n be+ en=c$1 did nev]!less ?r\gh 8 own folly l5d 8 money4 ,sid5ote3 ,prote/ation aga9/ ! decrees ( bodies politic sometimes lawful1 b aga9/ sov]eign p[] nev]4 ,x is manife/ by ?is1 t 9 bodies politic subord9ate1 & subject to a sov]eign p[]1 x is sometimes n only lawful1 b exp$i5t1 = a p>ticul> man to make op5 prote/ation aga9/ ! decrees ( ! repres5tative assembly1 & cause _! diss5t to be regi/]$1 or to take witness ( x2 because o!rwise !y may be oblig$ to pay debts contract$1 & be responsible = crimes committ$ by o!r m54 ,b 9 a sov]eign assembly1 t lib]ty is tak5 away1 bo? because he t prote/e? !re1 d5ies _! sov]eignty2 & also because :atsoev] is comm&$ by ! sov]eign p[]1 is z to ! subject1 ?\gh n s always 9 ! sight ( ,god1 ju/ifi$ by ! comm&3 = ( su* comm& e subject is ! au?or4 ,sid5ote3 ,bodies politic = gov]nm5t ( a prov9ce1 colony1 or t[n ,! v>iety ( bodies politic1 is almo/ inf9ite3 = !y are n only di/+ui%$ by ! sev]al affairs1 = :i* !y are con/itut$1 :]e9 !re is an unspeakable div]sity2 b also by ! times1 places1 & numb]s1 subject to _m limitations4 ,& z to _! affairs1 "s are orda9$ = gov]nm5t2 z fir/1 ! gov]nm5t ( a prov9ce may be committ$ to an assembly ( m51 :]e9 all resolutions %all dep5d on ! votes ( ! major "p2 & !n ?is assembly is a body politic1 & _! p[] limit$ by commission4 ,?is ^w prov9ce signifies a *>ge1 or c>e ( bus9ess1 :i* he ^: bus9ess x is1 committe? to ano!r man1 to be adm9i/]$ =1 & "u him2 & !re=e :5 9 "o commonweal? !re be div]s c\ntries1 t h _! laws di/9ct "o f ano!r1 or are f> di/ant 9 place1 ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t be+ committ$ to div]s p]sons1 ^? c\ntries :]e ! sov]eign is n resid5t1 b gov]ns by commission1 are call$ prov9ces4 ,b ( ! gov]nm5t ( a prov9ce1 by an assembly resid+ 9 ! prov9ce itself1 !re be few examples4 ,! ,romans :o _h ! sov]eignty ( _m prov9ces2 yet gov]n$ !m always by presid5ts1 & prtors2 & n by assemblies1 z !y gov]n$ ! city ( ,rome1 & t]ritories adjac5t4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 !re 7 colonies s5t f ,engl&1 to plant ,virg9ia1 & ,somm]-isl&s2 ?\gh ! gov]nm5ts ( !m "h1 7 committ$ to assemblies 9 ,london1 yet did ^? assemblies nev] commit ! gov]nm5t "u !m to any assembly !re1 b did to ea* plantation s5d "o gov]nor4 ,= ?\gh e man1 :]e he c be pres5t by nature1 desires to p>ticipate ( gov]nm5t2 yet :]e !y _c be pres5t1 !y are by nature also incl9$1 to commit ! gov]nm5t ( _! common int]e/ r to a mon>*ical1 ?an a popul> =m ( gov]nm5t3 :i* is also evid5t 9 ^? m5 t h great private e/ates2 :o :5 !y are unwill+ to take ! pa9s ( adm9i/]+ ! bus9ess t belongs to !m1 *use r to tru/ "o s]vant1 ?an an assembly ei!r ( _! fri5ds or s]vants4 ,b h[soev] x be 9 fact1 yet we may suppose ! gov]nm5t ( a prov9ce1 or colony committ$ to an assembly3 & :5 x is1 t :i* 9 ?is place ,i h to say1 is ?is2 t :atsoev] debt is by t assembly contract$2 or :atsoev] unlawful act is decre$1 is ! act only ( ^? t ass5t$1 & n ( any t diss5t$1 or 7 abs5t1 = ! reasons be=e alleg$4 ,also t an assembly resid+ out ( ! b\nds ( t colony :]e( !y h ! gov]nm5t1 _c execute any p[] ov] ! p]sons1 or goods ( any ( ! colony1 to seize on !m = debt1 or o!r duty1 9 any place )\t ! colony itself1 z hav+ no jurisdiction1 nor au?ority else:]e1 b are left to ! rem$y1 :i* ! law ( ! place all[e? !m4 ,& ?\gh ! assembly h "r1 to impose a mulct ^u any ( _! memb]s1 t %all break ! laws !y make2 yet out ( ! colony itself1 !y h no "r to execute ! same4 ,& t :i* is said "h1 ( ! rights ( an assembly1 = ! gov]nm5t ( a prov9ce1 or a colony1 is appliable also to an assembly = ! gov]nm5t ( a t[n1 an univ]sity1 or a college1 or a *ur*1 or = any o!r gov]nm5t ov] ! p]sons ( m54 ,& g5]ally1 9 all bodies politic1 if any p>ticul> memb] conceive himself injur$ by ! body itself1 ! cognizance ( 8 cause belonge? to ! sov]eign1 & ^? ! sov]eign ha? orda9$ = judges 9 su* causes1 or %all orda9 = t p>ticul> cause2 & n to ! body itself4 ,= ! :ole body is 9 ?is case 8 fell[-subject1 :i* 9 a sov]eign assembly1 is o!rwise3 = !re1 if ! sov]eign be n judge1 ?\gh 9 8 own cause1 !re c be no judge at all4 ,sid5ote3 ,bodies politic = ord]+ ( trade4 ,9 a body politic1 = ! well ord]+ ( =eign traffic1 ! mo/ commodi\s repres5tative is an assembly ( all ! memb]s2 t is to say1 su* a "o1 z e "o t adv5ture? 8 money1 may be pres5t at all ! delib]ations1 & resolutions ( ! body1 if !y w !mselves4 ,= pro( :]e(1 we are to consid] ! end1 = :i* m5 t are m]*ants1 & may buy & sell1 export1 & import _! m]*&ize1 accord+ to _! own discretions1 d nev]!less b9d !mselves up 9 "o corporation4 ,x is true1 !re be few m]*ants1 t ) ! m]*&ize !y buy at home1 c freight a %ip1 to export x2 or ) t !y buy abroad1 to br+ x home2 & h !re=e ne$ to jo9 toge!r 9 "o society2 :]e e man may ei!r p>ticipate ( ! ga91 accord+ to ! proportion ( 8 adv5ture2 or take 8 own1 & sell :at he transports1 or imports1 at su* prices z he ?9ks fit4 ,b ?is is no body politic1 !re be+ no common repres5tative to oblige !m to any o!r law1 ?an t :i* is common to all o!r subjects4 ,! end ( _! incorporat+1 is to make _! ga9 ! great]2 :i* is done two ways2 by sole buy+1 & sole sell+1 bo? at home1 & abroad4 ,s t to grant to a company ( m]*ants to be a corporation1 or body politic1 is to grant !m a d\ble monopoly1 :]e( "o is to be sole buy]s2 ano!r to be sole sell]s4 ,= :5 !re is a company incorporate = any p>ticul> =eign c\ntry1 !y only export ! commodities v5dible 9 t c\ntry2 :i* is sole buy+ at home1 & sole sell+ abroad4 ,= at home !re is b "o buy]1 & abroad b "o t selle?3 bo? :i* is ga9ful to ! m]*ant1 because !reby !y buy at home at l[]1 & sell abroad at high] rates3 & abroad !re is b "o buy] ( =eign m]*&ize1 & b "o t sells !m at home2 bo? :i* aga9 are ga9ful to ! adv5tur]s4 ,( ?is d\ble monopoly "o "p is disadvantage\s to ! p at home1 ! o!r to =eign]s4 ,= at home by _! sole exportation !y set :at price !y please on ! husb&ry1 & h&y-works ( ! p2 & by ! sole importation1 :at price !y please on all =eign commodities ! p h ne$ (2 bo? :i* are ill = ! p4 ,on ! contr>y1 by ! sole sell+ ( ! native commodities abroad1 & sole buy+ ! =eign commodities ^u ! place1 !y raise ! price ( ^?1 & abate ! price ( ^!1 to ! disadvantage ( ! =eign]3 = :]e b "o selle?1 ! m]*&ize is ! de>]2 & :]e b "o buye?1 ! *eap]4 ,su* corporations !re=e are no o!r ?an monopolies2 ?\gh !y w\ld be v pr(itable = a commonweal?1 if be+ b\nd up into "o body 9 =eign m>kets !y 7 at lib]ty at home1 e man to buy1 & sell at :at price he c\ld4 ,! end !n ( ^! bodies ( m]*ants1 be+ n a common b5efit to ! :ole body1 :i* h 9 ?is case no common /ock1 b :at is d$uct$ out ( ! p>ticul> adv5tures1 = build+1 buy+1 victuall+ & mann+ ( %ips1 b ! p>ticul> ga9 ( e adv5tur]1 x is reason t e "o be acqua9t$ ) ! employm5t ( 8 own2 t is1 t e "o be ( ! assembly1 t %all h ! p[] to ord] ! same2 & be acqua9t$ ) _! acc\nts4 ,& !re=e ! repres5tative ( su* a body mu/ be an assembly1 :]e e memb] ( ! body may be pres5t at ! consultations1 if he w4 ,if a body politic ( m]*ants1 contract a debt to a /rang] by ! act ( _! repres5tative assembly1 e memb] is liable by himself = ! :ole4 ,= a /rang] c take no notice ( _! private laws1 b consid]e? !m z s _m p>ticul> m51 oblig$ e "o to ! :ole paym5t1 till paym5t made by "o dis*>ge? all ! re/3 b if ! debt be to "o ( ! company1 ! cr$itor is debtor = ! :ole to himself1 & _c !re=e dem& 8 debt1 b only f ! common /ock1 if !re be any4 ,if ! commonweal? impose a tax ^u ! body1 x is und]/ood to be laid ^u e memb] proportionably to 8 p>ticul> adv5ture 9 ! company4 ,= !re is 9 ?is case no o!r common /ock1 b :at is made ( _! p>ticul> adv5tures4 ,if a mulct be laid ^u ! body = "s unlawful act1 !y only are liable by ^: votes ! act 0 decre$1 or by ^: assi/ance x 0 execut$2 = 9 none ( ! re/ is !re any o!r crime b be+ ( ! body2 :i* if a crime1 because ! body 0 orda9$ by ! au?ority ( ! commonweal?1 is n 84 ,if "o ( ! memb]s be indebt$ to ! body1 he may be su$ by ! body2 b 8 goods _c be tak51 nor 8 p]son imprison$ by ! au?ority ( ! body2 b only by au?ority ( ! commonweal?3 = if !y c d x by _! own au?ority1 !y c by _! own au?ority give judgm5t t ! debt is due2 :i* is z mu* z to be judge 9 _! own cause4 ,sid5ote3 ,a body politic = c\nsel to be giv5 to ! sov]eign4 ,^? bodies made = ! gov]nm5t ( m51 or ( traffic1 be ei!r p]petual1 or = a "t prescrib$ by writ+4 ,b !re be bodies also ^: times are limit$1 & t only by ! nature ( _! bus9ess4 ,= example1 if a sov]eign mon>*1 or a sov]eign assembly1 %all ?9k fit to give comm& to ! t[ns1 & o!r sev]al p>ts ( _! t]ritory1 to s5d to him _! deputies1 to in=m him ( ! condition1 & necessities ( ! subjects1 or to advise ) him = ! mak+ ( good laws1 or = any o!r cause1 z ) "o p]son repres5t+ ! :ole c\ntry1 su* deputies1 hav+ a place & "t ( meet+ assign$ !m1 are !re1 & at t "t1 a body politic1 repres5t+ e subject ( t dom9ion2 b x is only = su* matt]s z %all be prop\nd$ unto !m by t man1 or assembly1 t by ! sov]eign au?ority s5t = !m2 & :5 x %all be decl>$ t no?+ m %all be prop\nd$1 nor debat$ by !m1 ! body is dissolv$4 ,= if !y 7 ! absolute repres5tatives ( ! p1 !n 7 x ! sov]eign assembly2 & s !re w\ld be two sov]eign assemblies1 or two sov]eigns1 ov] ! same p2 :i* _c consi/ ) _! peace4 ,& !re=e :]e !re is once a sov]eignty1 !re c be no absolute repres5tation ( ! p1 b by x4 ,& = ! limits ( h[ f> su* a body %all repres5t ! :ole p1 !y are set =? 9 ! writ+ by :i* !y 7 s5t =4 ,= ! p _c *oose _! deputies to o!r int5t1 ?an is 9 ! writ+ direct$ to !m f _! sov]eign express$4 ,sid5ote3 ,a regul> private body1 lawful z a family4 ,private bodies regul>1 & lawful1 are ^? t are con/itut$ )\t lett]s1 or o!r writt5 au?ority1 sav+ ! laws common to all o!r subjects4 ,& because !y be unit$ 9 "o p]son repres5tative1 !y are held = regul>2 su* z are all families1 9 :i* ! fa!r1 or ma/] ord]e? ! :ole family4 ,= he oblige? 8 *ildr51 & s]vants1 z f> z ! law p]mitte?1 ?\gh n fur!r1 because none ( !m are b\nd to ob$i5ce 9 ^? actions1 :i* ! law ha? =bidd5 to be done4 ,9 all o!r actions1 dur+ ! "t !y are "u dome/ic gov]nm5t1 !y are subject to _! fa!rs1 & ma/]s1 z to _! imm$iate sov]eigns4 ,= ! fa!r & ma/]1 be+ be=e ! in/itution ( commonweal?1 absolute sov]eigns 9 _! own families1 !y lose aft]w>d no m ( _! au?ority1 ?an ! law ( ! commonweal? take? f !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,private bodies regul>1 b unlawful4 ,private bodies regul>1 b unlawful1 are ^? t unite !mselves into "o p]son repres5tative1 )\t any public au?ority at all2 su* z are ! corporations ( begg>s1 ?ieves & gipsies1 ! bett] to ord] _! trade ( begg+ & /eal+2 & ! corporations ( m51 t by au?ority f any =eign p]son1 unite !mselves 9 ano!r's dom9ion1 = ! easi] propagation ( doctr9es1 & = mak+ a p>ty1 aga9/ ! p[] ( ! commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,sy/ems irregul>1 su* z are private leagues4 ,irregul> sy/ems1 9 _! nature b leagues1 or sometimes m]e conc\rse ( p1 )\t union to any p>ticul> design1 n by obligation ( "o to ano!r1 b proce$+ only f a similitude ( wills & incl9ations1 become lawful1 or unlawful1 accord+ to ! lawfulness1 or unlawfulness ( e p>ticul> man's design !re93 & 8 design is to be und]/ood by ! occasion4 ,! leagues ( subjects1 because leagues are commonly made = mutual def5ce1 are 9 a commonweal?1 :i* is no m ?an a league ( all ! subjects toge!r1 = ! mo/ "p unnecess>y1 & sav\r ( unlawful design2 & are = t cause unlawful1 & g commonly by ! "n ( factions1 or conspiracies4 ,= a league be+ a connexion ( m5 by cov5ants1 if !re be no p[] giv5 to any "o man or assembly1 z 9 ! condition ( m]e nature1 to compel !m to p]=mance1 is s long only valid1 z !re arise? no j cause ( di/ru/3 & !re=e leagues betwe5 commonweal?s1 ov] :om !re is no human p[] e/abli%$1 to keep !m all 9 awe1 are n only lawful1 b also pr(itable = ! "t !y la/4 ,b leagues ( ! subjects ( "o & ! same commonweal?1 :]e e "o may obta9 8 "r by means ( ! sov]eign p[]1 are unnecess>y to ! ma9ta9+ ( peace & ju/ice1 &1 9 case ! design ( !m be evil or unkn[n to ! commonweal?1 unlawful4 ,= all unit+ ( /r5g? by private m51 is1 if = evil int5t1 unju/2 if = int5t unkn[n1 dang]\s to ! public1 & unju/ly conceal$4 ,sid5ote3 ,secret cabals4 ,if ! sov]eign p[] be 9 a great assembly1 & a numb] ( m51 "p ( ! assembly1 )\t au?ority1 consult ap>t1 to contrive ! guidance ( ! re/2 ?is is a faction1 or conspiracy unlawful1 z be+ a fraudul5t s$uc+ ( ! assembly = _! p>ticul> int]e/4 ,b if he1 ^: private int]e/ is to be debat$ & judg$ 9 ! assembly1 make z _m fri5ds z he c2 9 him x is no inju/ice2 because 9 ?is case he is no "p ( ! assembly4 ,& ?\gh he hire su* fri5ds ) money1 unless !re be an express law aga9/ x1 yet x is n inju/ice4 ,= sometimes1 z m5's mann]s are1 ju/ice _c be _h )\t money2 & e man may ?9k 8 own cause j1 till x be he>d1 & judg$4 ,sid5ote3 ,feuds ( private families4 ,9 all commonweal?s1 if private m5 ent]ta9 m s]vants1 ?an ! gov]nm5t ( 8 e/ate1 & lawful employm5t he has = !m requires1 x is faction1 & unlawful4 ,= hav+ ! protection ( ! commonweal?1 he ne$e? n ! def5ce ( private =ce4 ,& :]eas 9 nations n ?or\ghly civiliz$1 sev]al num]\s families h liv$ 9 cont9ual ho/ility1 & invad$ "o ano!r ) private =ce2 yet x is evid5t en\gh1 t !y h done unju/ly2 or else !y _h no commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,factions = gov]nm5t4 ,& z factions = k9dr$1 s also factions = gov]nm5t ( religion1 z ( ,papi/s1 ,prote/ants1 c4 or ( /ate1 z patricians1 & plebeians ( old "t 9 ,rome1 & ( ari/ocraticals & democraticals ( old "t 9 ,greece1 are unju/1 z be+ contr>y to ! peace & safety ( ! p1 & a tak+ ( ! sword out ( ! h& ( ! sov]eign4 ,sid5ote3 ,conc\rse ( p4 ,conc\rse ( p is an irregul> sy/em1 ! lawfulness1 or unlawfulness1 :]e( dep5de? on ! occasion1 & on ! numb] ( !m t are assembl$4 ,if ! occasion be lawful1 & manife/1 ! conc\rse is lawful2 z ! usual meet+ ( m5 at *ur*1 or at a public %[1 9 usual numb]s3 = if ! numb]s be extraord9>ily great1 ! occasion is n evid5t2 & consequ5tly he t _c r5d] a p>ticul> & good acc\nt ( 8 be+ among/ !m1 is to be judg$ consci\s ( an unlawful1 & tumultu\s design4 ,x may be lawful = a ?\s& m51 to jo9 to a petition to be deliv]$ to a judge1 or magi/rate2 yet if a ?\s& m5 come to pres5t x1 x is a tumultu\s assembly2 because !re ne$s b "o or two = t purpose4 ,b 9 su* cases z ^!1 x is n a set numb] t makes ! assembly unlawful1 b su* a numb]1 z ! pres5t (fic]s are n able to suppress1 & br+ to ju/ice4 ,sid5ote3 ,conc\rse ( p4 ,:5 an unusual numb] ( m51 assemble aga9/ a man :om !y accuse2 ! assembly is an unlawful tumult2 because !y may deliv] _! accusation to ! magi/rate by a few1 or by "o man4 ,su* 0 ! case ( ,/4 ,paul at ,ephesus2 :]e ,demetrius & a great numb] ( o!r m51 br\ght two ( ,paul's companions be=e ! magi/rate1 say+ ) "o voice1 ,great is ,diana ( ! ,ephesians2 :i* 0 _! way ( dem&+ ju/ice aga9/ !m = tea*+ ! p su* doctr9e1 z 0 aga9/ _! religion1 & trade4 ,! occasion "h1 consid]+ ! laws ( t p1 0 j2 yet 0 _! assembly judg$ unlawful1 & ! magi/rate repreh5d$ !m = x 9 ^! words 7,acts xix4 #ch-dj47 ,if ,demetrius & ! o!r workm5 c accuse any man1 ( any ?+1 !re be pleas1 & deputies1 let !m accuse "o ano!r4 ,& if y h any o!r ?+ to dem&1 y\r case may be judg$ 9 an assembly lawfully call$4 ,= we are 9 dang] to be accus$ = ?is day's s$ition2 because !re is no cause by :i* any man c r5d] any reason ( ?is conc\rse ( p4 ,:]e he calle? an assembly1 :]e( m5 c give no j acc\nt1 a s$ition1 & su* z !y c\ld n answ] =4 ,& ?is is all ,i %all say conc]n+ sy/ems1 & assemblies ( p1 :i* may be comp>$1 z ,i said1 to ! simil> p>ts ( man's body2 su* z be lawful1 to ! muscles2 su* z are unlawful1 to w5s1 biles1 & apo/ems1 eng5d]$ by ! unnatural conflux ( evil hum\rs4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,( ,,! ,,public ,,m9i/]s ,,( ,,sov]eign ,,p[]4 ,9 ! la/ *apt] ,i h spok5 ( ! simil> p>ts ( a commonweal?3 9 ?is ,i %all speak ( ! p>ts organical1 :i* are public m9i/]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,public m9i/] :o4 ,a ,,public ,,m9i/]1 is he1 t by ! sov]eign1 :e!r a mon>* or an assembly1 is employ$ 9 any affairs1 ) au?ority to repres5t 9 t employm5t1 ! p]son ( ! commonweal?4 ,& :]eas e man1 or assembly t ha? sov]eignty1 repres5te? two p]sons1 or1 z ! m common phrase is1 has two capacities1 "o natural1 & ano!r politic3 z a mon>*1 ha? ! p]son n only ( ! commonweal?1 b also ( a man2 & a sov]eign assembly ha? ! p]son n only ( ! commonweal?1 b also ( ! assembly3 !y t be s]vants to !m 9 _! natural capacity1 are n public m9i/]s2 b ^? only t s]ve !m 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! public bus9ess4 ,& !re=e nei!r u%]s1 nor s]geants1 nor o!r (fic]s t wait on ! assembly1 = no o!r purpose1 b = ! commodity ( ! m5 assembl$1 9 an ari/ocracy1 or democracy2 nor /ew>ds1 *amb]la9s1 c(f]]s1 or any o!r (fic]s ( ! h\sehold ( a mon>*1 are public m9i/]s 9 a mon>*y4 ,sid5ote3 ,m9i/]s = ! g5]al adm9i/ration4 ,( public m9i/]s1 "s h *>ge committ$ to !m ( a g5]al adm9i/ration1 ei!r ( ! :ole dom9ion1 or ( a "p !re(4 ,( ! :ole1 z to a protector1 or reg5t1 may be committ$ by ! pr$ecessor ( an infant k+1 dur+ 8 m9ority1 ! :ole adm9i/ration ( 8 k+dom4 ,9 :i* case1 e subject is s f> oblig$ to ob$i5ce1 z ! ord9ances he %all make1 & ! comm&s he %all give be 9 ! k+'s "n1 & n inconsi/5t ) 8 sov]eign p[]4 ,( a "p1 or prov9ce2 z :5 ei!r a mon>*1 or a sov]eign assembly1 %all give ! g5]al *>ge !re( to a gov]nor1 lieut5ant1 prfect1 or vic]oy3 & 9 ?is case also1 e "o ( t prov9ce is oblig$ to all he %all d 9 ! "n ( ! sov]eign1 & t n incompatible ) ! sov]eign's "r4 ,= su* protectors1 vic]oys1 & gov]nors1 h no o!r "r1 b :at dep5ds on ! sov]eign's w2 & no commission t c be giv5 !m1 c be int]pret$ = a decl>ation ( ! w to transf] ! sov]eignty1 )\t express & p]spicu\s words to t purpose4 ,& ?is k9d ( public m9i/]s resemble? ! n]ves1 & t5dons t move ! sev]al limbs ( a body natural4 ,sid5ote3 ,= special adm9i/ration1 z = economy4 ,o!rs h special adm9i/ration2 t is to say1 *>ges ( "s special bus9ess1 ei!r at home1 or abroad3 z at home1 fir/1 = ! economy ( a commonweal?1 !y t h au?ority conc]n+ ! treasure1 z tributes1 impositions1 r5ts1 f9es1 or :atsoev] public rev5ue1 to collect1 receive1 issue1 or take ! acc\nts !re(1 are public m9i/]s3 m9i/]s1 because !y s]ve ! p]son repres5tative1 & c d no?+ aga9/ 8 comm&1 nor )\t 8 au?ority3 public1 because !y s]ve him 9 8 political capacity4 ,secondly1 !y t h au?ority conc]n+ ! militia2 to h ! cu/ody ( arms1 =ts1 ports2 to levy1 pay1 or conduct soldi]s2 or to provide = any necess>y ?+ = ! use ( w>1 ei!r by l& or sea1 are public m9i/]s4 ,b a soldi] )\t comm&1 ?\gh he fight = ! commonweal?1 does n !re=e repres5t ! p]son ( x2 because !re is none to repres5t x to4 ,= e "o t ha? comm&1 repres5ts x to !m only :om he comm&e?4 ,sid5ote3 ,= in/ruction ( ! p4 ,!y also t h au?ority to tea*1 or to enable o!rs to tea* ! p _! duty to ! sov]eign p[]1 & in/ruct !m 9 ! k ( :at is j1 & unju/1 !reby to r5d] !m m apt to live 9 godl9ess1 & 9 peace among/ !mselves1 & resi/ ! public enemy1 are public m9i/]s3 m9i/]s1 9 t !y d x n by _! own au?ority1 b by ano!r's2 & public1 because !y d x1 or %\ld d x1 by no au?ority b t ( ! sov]eign4 ,! mon>*1 or ! sov]eign assembly only ha? imm$iate au?ority f ,god1 to tea* & in/ruct ! p2 & no man b ! sov]eign1 receive? 8 p[] ,dei grati simply2 t is to say1 f ! fav\r ( none b ,god3 all o!r1 receive !irs f ! fav\r & provid5ce ( ,god1 & _! sov]eigns2 z 9 a mon>*y ,dei grati et regis2 or ,dei provid5ti et voluntate regis4 ,sid5ote3 ,= judicature4 ,!y also to :om jurisdiction is giv51 are public m9i/]s4 ,= 9 _! seats ( ju/ice !y repres5t ! p]son ( ! sov]eign2 & _! s5t5ce1 is 8 s5t5ce3 =1 z ha? be5 be=e decl>$1 all judicature is ess5tially annex$ to ! sov]eignty2 & !re=e all o!r judges are b m9i/]s ( him or !m t h ! sov]eign p[]4 ,& z controv]sies are ( two sorts1 namely ( fact1 & ( law2 s are judgm5ts1 "s ( fact1 "s ( law3 & consequ5tly 9 ! same controv]sy1 !re may be two judges1 "o ( fact1 ano!r ( law4 ,& 9 bo? ^! controv]sies1 !re may arise a controv]sy betwe5 ! p>ty judg$1 & ! judge2 :i* because !y be bo? subjects to ! sov]eign1 ought 9 equity to be judg$ by m5 agre$ on by cons5t ( bo?2 = no man c be judge 9 8 own cause4 ,b ! sov]eign is already agre$ on = judge by !m bo?1 & is !re=e ei!r to he> ! cause1 & det]m9e x himself1 or appo9t = judge su* z !y %all bo? agree on4 ,& ?is agreem5t is !n und]/ood to be made betwe5 !m div]s ways2 z fir/1 if ! def5dant be all[$ to except aga9/ su* ( 8 judges1 ^: int]e/ make? him suspect !m1 7= z to ! compla9ant1 he ha? already *os5 8 own judge71 ^? :i* he excepte? n aga9/1 are judges he himself agrees on4 ,secondly1 if he appeal to any o!r judge1 he c appeal no fur!r2 = 8 appeal is 8 *oice4 ,?irdly1 if he appeal to ! sov]eign himself1 & he by himself1 or by delegates :i* ! p>ties %all agree on1 give s5t5ce2 t s5t5ce is f9al3 = ! def5dant is judg$ by 8 own judges1 t is to say1 by himself4 ,^! prop]ties ( j & rational judicature consid]$1 ,i _c =be> to obs]ve ! excell5t con/itution ( ! c\rts ( ju/ice1 e/abli%$ bo? = ,common1 & also = ,public ,pleas 9 ,engl&4 ,by ,common ,pleas1 ,i mean ^?1 :]e bo? ! compla9ant & def5dant are subjects3 & by public1 :i* are also call$ ,pleas ( ! ,cr[n1 ^? :]e ! compla9ant is ! sov]eign4 ,= :]eas !re 7 two ord]s ( m51 :]e( "o 0 ,lords1 ! o!r ,commons2 ! ,lords _h ?is privilege1 to h = judges 9 all capital crimes1 none b ,lords2 & ( !m1 z _m z w\ld be pres5t2 :i* be+ ev] ackn[l$g$ z a privilege ( fav\r1 _! judges 7 none b su* z !y _h !mselves desir$4 ,& 9 all controv]sies1 e subject1 7z also 9 civil controv]sies ! ,lords71 _h = judges1 m5 ( ! c\ntry :]e ! matt] 9 controv]sy lay2 aga9/ :i* he might make 8 exceptions1 till at la/ twelve m5 )\t exception be+ agre$ on1 !y 7 judg$ by ^? twelve4 ,s t hav+ 8 own judges1 !re c\ld be no?+ alleg$ by ! p>ty1 :y ! s5t5ce %\ld n be f9al4 ,^! public p]sons1 ) au?ority f ! sov]eign p[]1 ei!r to in/ruct1 or judge ! p1 are su* memb]s ( ! commonweal?1 z may fitly be comp>$ to ! organs ( voice 9 a body natural4 ,sid5ote3 ,= execution4 ,public m9i/]s are also all ^?1 t h au?ority f ! sov]eign1 to procure ! execution ( judgm5ts giv52 to publi% ! sov]eign's comm&s2 to suppress tumults2 to appreh5d1 & imprison malefactors2 & o!r acts t5d+ to ! cons]vation ( ! peace4 ,= e act !y d by su* au?ority1 is ! act ( ! commonweal?2 & _! s]vice1 answ]able to t ( ! h&s1 9 a body natural4 ,public m9i/]s abroad1 are ^? t repres5t ! p]son ( _! own sov]eign1 to =eign /ates4 ,su* are ambassadors1 mess5g]s1 ag5ts1 & h]alds1 s5t by public au?ority1 & on public bus9ess4 ,b su* z are s5t by au?ority only ( "s private p>ty ( a tr\bl$ /ate1 ?\gh !y be receiv$1 are nei!r public1 nor private m9i/]s ( ! commonweal?2 because none ( _! actions h ! commonweal? = au?or4 ,likewise1 an ambassador s5t f a pr9ce1 to congratulate1 condole1 or to assi/ at a solemnity2 ?\gh ! au?ority be public2 yet because ! bus9ess is private1 & belong+ to him 9 8 natural capacity2 is a private p]son4 ,also if a man be s5t into ano!r c\ntry1 secretly to explore _! c\nsels1 & /r5g?2 ?\gh bo? ! au?ority1 & ! bus9ess be public2 yet because !re is none to take notice ( any p]son 9 him1 b 8 own2 he is b a private m9i/]2 b yet a m9i/] ( ! commonweal?2 & may be comp>$ to an eye 9 ! body natural4 ,& ^? t are appo9t$ to receive ! petitions or o!r in=mations ( ! p1 & are z x 7 ! public e>1 are public m9i/]s1 & repres5t _! sov]eign 9 t (fice4 ,sid5ote3 ,c\ncillors )\t o!r employm5t ?an to advise are n public m9i/]s4 ,nei!r a c\ncillor1 nor a c\ncil ( /ate1 if we consid] x ) no au?ority ( judicature or comm&1 b only ( giv+ advice to ! sov]eign :5 x is requir$1 or ( (f]+ x :5 x is n requir$1 is a public p]son4 ,= ! advice is address$ to ! sov]eign only1 ^: p]son _c 9 8 own pres5ce1 be repres5t$ to him1 by ano!r4 ,b a body ( c\ncillors1 are nev] )\t "s o!r au?ority1 ei!r ( judicature1 or ( imm$iate adm9i/ration3 z 9 a mon>*y1 !y repres5t ! mon>*1 9 deliv]+ 8 comm&s to ! public m9i/]s3 9 a democracy1 ! c\ncil1 or s5ate prop\nds ! result ( _! delib]ations to ! p1 z a c\ncil2 b :5 !y appo9t judges1 or he> causes1 or give audi5ce to ambassadors1 x is 9 ! quality ( a m9i/] ( ! p3 & 9 an ari/ocracy1 ! c\ncil ( /ate is ! sov]eign assembly itself2 & gives c\nsel to none b !mselves4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,( ,,! ,,nutrition1 ,,& ,,procreation ,,( ,a ,,commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! n\ri%m5t ( a commonweal? consi/e? 9 ! commodities ( sea & l&4 ,! ,,nutrition ( a commonweal? consi/e?1 9 ! pl5ty1 & di/ribution ( mat]ials conduc+ to life3 9 concoction1 or prep>ation2 &1 :5 concoct$1 9 ! conveyance ( x1 by conv5i5t conduits1 to ! public use4 ,z = ! pl5ty ( matt]1 x is a ?+ limit$ by nature1 to ^? commodities1 :i* f ! two brea/s ( our common "m1 l& & sea1 ,god usually ei!r freely give?1 or = lab\r selle? to mank9d4 ,= ! matt] ( ?is nutrim5t1 consi/+ 9 animals1 vegetals1 & m9]als1 ,god ha? freely laid !m be=e u1 9 or ne> to ! face ( ! e>?2 s z !re ne$e? no m b ! lab\r1 & indu/ry ( receiv+ !m4 ,insomu* z pl5ty dep5de?1 next to ,god's fav\r1 m]ely on ! lab\r & indu/ry ( m54 ,?is matt]1 commonly call$ commodities1 is p>tly native1 & p>tly =eign3 native1 t :i* is to be _h )9 ! t]ritory ( ! commonweal?3 =eign1 t :i* is import$ f )\t4 ,& because !re is no t]ritory "u ! dom9ion ( "o commonweal?1 except x be ( v va/ ext5t1 t produce? all ?+s ne$ful = ! ma9t5ance1 & motion ( ! :ole body2 & few t produce n "s ?+ m ?an necess>y2 ! sup]flu\s commodities to be _h )91 become no m sup]flu\s1 b supply ^! wants at home1 by importation ( t :i* may be _h abroad1 ei!r by ex*ange1 or by j w>1 or by lab\r4 ,= a man's lab\r also1 is a commodity ex*angeable = b5efit1 z well z any o!r ?+3 & !re h be5 commonweal?s t hav+ no m t]ritory1 ?an ha? s]v$ !m = habitation1 h nev]!less1 n only ma9ta9$1 b also encreas$ _! p[]1 p>tly by ! lab\r ( trad+ f "o place to ano!r1 & p>tly by sell+ ! manufactures :]e( ! mat]ials 7 br\ght 9 f o!r places4 ,sid5ote3 ,& ! "r di/ribution ( !m4 ,! di/ribution ( ! mat]ials ( ?is n\ri%m5t1 is ! con/itution ( m9e1 & ?9e1 & 82 t is to say1 9 "o ^w propriety2 & belonge? 9 all k9ds ( commonweal? to ! sov]eign p[]4 ,= :]e !re is no commonweal?1 !re is1 z ha? be5 already %[n1 a p]petual w> ( e man aga9/ 8 neighb\r2 & !re=e e ?+ is 8 t gette? x1 & keepe? x by =ce2 :i* is nei!r propriety1 nor community2 b unc]ta9ty4 ,:i* is s evid5t1 t ev5 ,cic]o1 a passionate def5d] ( lib]ty1 9 a public plead+1 attribute? all propriety to ! law civil4 ,let ! civil law1 sai? he1 be once ab&on$1 or b neglig5tly gu>d$1 n to say oppress$1 & !re is no?+1 t any man c be sure to receive f 8 ance/or1 or leave to 8 *ildr54 ,& aga92 ,take away ! civil law1 & no man kn[s :at is 8 own1 & :at ano!r man's4 ,see+ !re=e ! introduction ( propriety is an effect ( commonweal?1 :i* c d no?+ b by ! p]son t repres5ts x1 x is ! act only ( ! sov]eign2 & consi/e? 9 ! laws1 :i* none c make t h n ! sov]eign p[]4 ,& ?is !y well knew ( old1 :o call$ t 1 t is to say1 di/ribution1 :i* we call law2 & def9$ ju/ice1 by di/ribut+ to e man 8 own4 ,sid5ote3 ,all private e/ates ( l& proce$ orig9ally f ! arbitr>y di/ribution ( ! sov]eign4 ,9 ?is di/ribution1 ! fir/ law1 is = division ( ! l& itself3 :]e9 ! sov]eign assigne? to e man a portion1 accord+ z he1 & n accord+ z any subject1 or any numb] ( !m1 %all judge agreeable to equity1 & ! common good4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 7 a commonweal? 9 ! wild]ness2 b want$ ! commodities ( ! e>?1 till !y 7 ma/]s ( ! ,l& ( ,promise2 :i* aft]w>d 0 divid$ among/ !m1 n by _! own discretion1 b by ! discretion ( ,eleaz> ! ,prie/1 & ,jo%ua _! ,g5]al1 :o1 :5 !re 7 twelve tribes1 mak+ !m ?irte5 by subdivision ( ! tribe ( ,joseph1 made nev]!less b twelve portions ( ! l&2 & orda9$ = ! tribe ( ,levi no l&2 b assign$ !m ! t5? "p ( ! :ole fruits2 :i* division 0 !re=e arbitr>y4 ,& ?\gh a p com+ into possession ( a l& by w>1 d n always ext]m9ate ! anci5t inhabitants1 z did ! ,jews1 b leave to _m1 or mo/1 or all ( !m _! e/ates2 yet x is manife/ !y hold !m aft]w>ds1 z ( ! victors' di/ribution2 z ! p ( ,engl& held all !irs ( ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,sid5ote3 ,propriety ( subject excludes n ! dom9ion ( ! sov]eign1 b only ( ano!r subject4 ,f :5ce we may collect1 t ! propriety :i* a subject ha? 9 8 l&s1 consi/e? 9 a "r to exclude all o!r subjects f ! use ( !m2 & n to exclude _! sov]eign1 be x an assembly1 or a mon>*4 ,= see+ ! sov]eign1 t is to say1 ! commonweal?1 ^: p]son he repres5te?1 is und]/ood to d no?+ b 9 ord] to ! common peace & security1 ?is di/ribution ( l&s1 is to be und]/ood z done 9 ord] to ! same3 & consequ5tly1 :atsoev] di/ribution he %all make 9 prejudice !re(1 is contr>y to ! w ( e subject1 t committ$ 8 peace1 & safety to 8 discretion1 & consci5ce2 & !re=e by ! w ( e "o ( !m1 is to be reput$ void4 ,x is true1 t a sov]eign mon>*1 or ! great] "p ( a sov]eign assembly1 may orda9 ! do+ ( _m ?+s 9 pursuit ( _! passions1 contr>y to _! own consci5ces1 :i* is a brea* ( tru/1 & ( ! law ( nature2 b ?is is n en\gh to au?orize any subject1 ei!r to make w> ^u1 or s mu* z to accuse ( inju/ice1 or any way to speak evil ( _! sov]eign2 because !y h au?oriz$ all 8 actions1 & 9 be/[+ ! sov]eign p[]1 made !m _! own4 ,b 9 :at cases ! comm&s ( sov]eigns are contr>y to equity1 & ! law ( nature1 is to be consid]$ h]eaft] 9 ano!r place4 ,sid5ote3 ,! public is n to be diet$4 ,9 ! di/ribution ( l&1 ! commonweal? itself1 may be conceiv$ to h a portion1 & possess1 & improve ! same by _! repres5tative2 & t su* portion may be made suffici5t1 to su/a9 ! :ole exp5se to ! common peace1 & def5ce necess>ily requir$4 ,:i* 7 v true1 if !re c\ld be any repres5tative conceiv$ free f human passions1 & infirmities4 ,b ! nature ( m5 be+ z x is1 ! sett+ =? ( public l&1 or ( any c]ta9 rev5ue = ! commonweal?1 is 9 va92 & t5de? to ! dissolution ( gov]nm5t1 & to ! condition ( m]e nature1 & w>1 z soon z ev] ! sov]eign p[] falle? into ! h&s ( a mon>*1 or ( an assembly1 t are ei!r too neglig5t ( money1 or too haz>d\s 9 engag+ ! public /ock into a long or co/ly w>4 ,commonweal?s c endure no diet3 = see+ _! exp5se is n limit$ by _! own appetite1 b by ext]nal accid5ts1 & ! appetites ( _! neighb\rs1 ! public ri*es _c be limit$ by o!r limits1 ?an ^? :i* ! em]g5t occasions %all require4 ,& :]eas 9 ,engl&1 !re 7 by ! ,conqu]or1 div]s l&s res]v$ to 8 own use1 besides =e/s & *ases1 ei!r = 8 recreation1 or pres]vation ( woods1 & div]s s]vices res]v$ on ! l& he gave 8 subjects2 yet x seems !y 7 n res]v$ = 8 ma9t5ance 9 8 public1 b 9 8 natural capacity4 ,= he1 & 8 successors did = all t1 lay arbitr>y taxes on all subjects' l&1 :5 !y judg$ x necess>y4 ,or if ^? public l&s1 & s]vices1 7 orda9$ z a suffici5t ma9t5ance ( ! commonweal?1 x 0 contr>y to ! scope ( ! in/itution2 be+1 z x appe>$ by ^? ensu+ taxes1 insuffici5t1 &1 z x appe>s by ! late small rev5ue ( ! cr[n1 subject to ali5ation & dim9ution4 ,x is !re=e 9 va91 to assign a portion to ! commonweal?2 :i* may sell1 or give x away2 & does sell & give x away1 :5 x is done by _! repres5tative4 ,sid5ote3 ,! places & matt] ( traffic dep5d1 z _! di/ribution1 on ! sov]eign4 ,z ! di/ribution ( l&s at home2 s also to assign 9 :at places1 & = :at commodities1 ! subject %all traffic abroad1 belonge? to ! sov]eign4 ,= if x did belong to private p]sons to use _! own discretion !re91 "s ( !m w\ld be drawn = ga91 bo? to furni% ! enemy ) means to hurt ! commonweal?1 & hurt x !mselves1 by import+ su* ?+s1 z pleas+ m5's appetites1 be nev]!less noxi\s1 or at lea/ unpr(itable to !m4 ,& !re=e x belonge? to ! commonweal?1 t is1 to ! sov]eign only1 to approve1 or disapprove bo? ( ! places1 & matt] ( =eign traffic4 ,sid5ote3 ,! laws ( transf]r+ propriety belong also to ! sov]eign4 ,fur!r1 see+ x is n en\gh to ! su/5tation ( a commonweal?1 t e man h a propriety 9 a portion ( l&1 or 9 "s few commodities1 or a natural prop]ty 9 "s useful art1 & !re is no art 9 ! _w1 b is necess>y ei!r = ! be+1 or well be+ almo/ ( e p>ticul> man2 x is necess>y1 t m5 di/ribute t :i* !y c sp>e1 & transf] _! propriety !re91 mutually "o to ano!r1 by ex*ange1 & mutual contract4 ,& !re=e x belonge? to ! commonweal?1 t is to say1 to ! sov]eign1 to appo9t 9 :at mann] all k9ds ( contract betwe5 subjects1 z buy+1 sell+1 ex*ang+1 borr[+1 l5d+1 lett+1 & tak+ to hire1 are to be made2 & by :at words & signs !y %all be und]/ood = valid4 ,& = ! matt]1 & di/ribution ( ! n\ri%m5t1 to ! sev]al memb]s ( ! commonweal?1 ?us mu*1 consid]+ ! model ( ! :ole "w1 is suffici5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,money ! blood ( a commonweal?4 ,by concoction1 ,i und]/& ! r$uc+ ( all commodities1 :i* are n pres5tly consum$1 b res]v$ = n\ri%m5t 9 "t to come1 to some?+ ( equal value1 & )al s portable1 z n to h9d] ! motion ( m5 f place to place2 to ! end a man may h 9 :at place soev]1 su* n\ri%m5t z ! place af=de?4 ,& ?is is no?+ else b gold1 & silv]1 & money4 ,= gold & silv]1 be+1 z x happ5s1 almo/ 9 all c\ntries ( ! _w highly valu$1 is a commodi\s measure ( ! value ( all ?+s else betwe5 nations2 & money1 ( :at matt] soev] co9$ by ! sov]eign ( a commonweal?1 is a suffici5t measure ( ! value ( all ?+s else1 betwe5 ! subjects ( t commonweal?4 ,by ! means ( :i* measures1 all commodities1 moveable & immoveable1 are made to accompany a man to all places ( 8 resort1 )9 & )\t ! place ( 8 ord9>y resid5ce2 & ! same passe? f man to man1 )9 ! commonweal?2 & goes r\nd ab\t1 n\ri%+1 z x passe?1 e "p !re(2 9 s mu* z ?is concoction1 is z x 7 ! sanguification ( ! commonweal?3 = natural blood is 9 l mann] made ( ! fruits ( ! e>?2 & circulat+1 n\ri%e? by ! way e memb] ( ! body ( man4 ,& because silv] & gold h _! value f ! matt] itself2 !y h fir/ ?is privilege1 t ! value ( !m _c be alt]$ by ! p[] ( "o1 nor ( a few commonweal?s2 z be+ a common measure ( ! commodities ( all places4 ,b base money1 may easily be enhanc$1 or abas$4 ,secondly1 !y h ! privilege to make commonweal?s move1 & /ret* out _! arms1 :5 ne$ is1 into =eign c\ntries3 & supply1 n only private subjects t travel1 b also :ole armies ) provision4 ,b t co91 :i* is n consid]able = ! matt]1 b = ! /amp ( ! place1 be+ unable to endure *ange ( air1 ha? its effect at home only2 :]e also x is subject to ! *ange ( laws1 & !reby to h ! value dim9i%$1 to ! prejudice _m times ( ^? t h x4 ,sid5ote3 ,! conduits & way ( money to ! public use4 ,! conduits1 & ways by :i* x is convey$ to ! public use1 are ( two sorts3 "o1 t conveye? x to ! public c(f]s2 ! o!r1 t issue? ! same out aga9 = public paym5ts4 ,( ! fir/ sort1 are collectors1 receiv]s1 & treasur]s2 ( ! second1 are ! treasur]s aga91 & ! (fic]s appo9t$ = paym5t ( sev]al public or private m9i/]s4 ,& 9 ?is also1 ! artificial man ma9ta9s 8 resemblance ) ! natural2 ^: ve9s receiv+ ! blood f ! sev]al p>ts ( ! body1 c>ry x to ! he>t2 :]e be+ made vital1 ! he>t by ! art]ies s5ds x out aga91 to enliv51 & enable = motion all ! memb]s ( ! same4 ,sid5ote3 ,! *ildr5 ( a commonweal? colonies4 ,! procreation or *ildr5 ( a commonweal?1 are ^? we call plantations1 or colonies2 :i* are numb]s ( m5 s5t out f ! commonweal?1 "u a conductor1 or gov]nor1 to inhabit a =eign c\ntry1 ei!r =m]ly void ( inhabitants1 or made void !n by w>4 ,& :5 a colony is settl$1 !y are ei!r a commonweal? ( !mselves1 dis*>g$ ( _! subjection to _! sov]eign t s5t !m1 z ha? be5 done by _m commonweal?s1 ( anci5t "t1 9 :i* case ! commonweal? f :i* !y w5t1 0 call$ _! metropolis or "m1 & requires no m ( !m1 ?an fa!rs require ( ! *ildr51 :om !y emancipate & make free f _! dome/ic gov]nm5t1 :i* is hon\r1 & fri5d%ip2 or else !y rema9 unit$ to _! metropolis1 z 7 ! colonies ( ! p ( ,rome2 & !n !y are no commonweal?s !mselves1 b prov9ces1 & p>ts ( ! commonweal? t s5t !m4 ,s t ! "r ( colonies1 sav+ hon\r & league ) _! metropolis1 dep5de? :olly on _! lic5ce or lett]s1 by :i* _! sov]eign au?oriz$ !m to plant4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,( ,,c\nsel4 ,sid5ote3 ,c\nsel :at4 ,h[ fallaci\s x is to judge ( ! nature ( ?+s by ! ord9>y & incon/ant use ( words1 appe>e? 9 no?+ m1 ?an 9 ! confusion ( c\nsels1 & comm&s1 aris+ f ! imp]ative mann] ( speak+ 9 !m bo?1 & 9 _m o!r occasions besides4 ,= ! words d ?is1 are ! words n only ( him t comm&e?2 b also ( him t give? c\nsel2 & ( him t exhorte?2 & yet !re are b few1 t see n t ^! are v diff]5t ?+s1 or t _c di/+ui% betwe5 !m1 :5 !y p]ceive :o x is t speake?1 & to :om ! spee* is direct$1 & ^u :at occasion4 ,b f9d+ ^? phrases 9 m5's writ+s1 & be+ n able1 or n will+ to ent] into a consid]ation ( ! circum/ances1 !y mi/ake sometimes ! precepts ( c\nsellors1 = ! precepts ( !m t comm&2 & sometimes ! contr>y2 accord+ z x be/ agree? ) ! conclusions !y w\ld inf]1 or ! actions !y approve4 ,to avoid :i* mi/akes1 & r5d] to ^? t]ms ( comm&+1 c\nsell+ & exhort+1 _! prop] & di/9ct significations1 ,i def9e !m ?us4 ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5ces betwe5 comm& & c\nsel4 ,,comm& is1 :]e a man sai?1 d ?is1 or d n ?is1 )\t expect+ o!r reason ?an ! w ( him t says x4 ,f ?is x foll[e? manife/ly1 t he t comm&e?1 pret5de? !reby 8 own b5efit3 = ! reason ( 8 comm& is 8 own w only1 & ! prop] object ( e man's w1 is "s good to himself4 ,,c\nsel1 is :]e a man sai?1 d1 or d n ?is1 & d$uce? 8 reasons f ! b5efit t arrive? by x to him to :om he sai? x4 ,& f ?is x is evid5t1 t he t give? c\nsel1 pret5de? only1 :atsoev] he int5de?1 ! good ( him1 to :om he give? x4 ,!re=e betwe5 c\nsel & comm&1 "o great diff]5ce is1 t comm& is direct$ to a man's own b5efit2 & c\nsel to ! b5efit ( ano!r man4 ,& f ?is arise? ano!r diff]5ce1 t a man may be oblig$ to d :at he is comm&$2 z :5 he ha? cov5ant$ to obey3 b he _c be oblig$ to d z he is c\nsell$1 because ! hurt ( n foll[+ x1 is 8 own2 or if he %\ld cov5ant to foll[ x1 !n is ! c\nsel turn$ into ! nature ( a comm&4 ,a ?ird diff]5ce betwe5 !m is1 t no man c pret5d a "r to be ( ano!r man's c\nsel2 because he is n to pret5d b5efit by x to himself3 b to dem& "r to c\nsel ano!r1 argues a w to "k 8 designs1 or to ga9 "s o!r good to himself3 :i*1 z ,i said be=e1 is ( e man's w ! prop] object4 ,?is also is incid5t to ! nature ( c\nsel2 t :atsoev] x be1 he t aske? x1 _c 9 equity accuse1 or puni% x3 = to ask c\nsel ( ano!r1 is to p]mit him to give su* c\nsel z he %all ?9k be/2 & consequ5tly1 he t give? c\nsel to 8 sov]eign1 :e!r a mon>*1 or an assembly1 :5 he aske? x1 _c 9 equity be puni%$ = x1 :e!r ! same be con=mable to ! op9ion ( ! mo/1 or n1 s x be to ! proposition 9 debate4 ,= if ! s5se ( ! assembly c be tak5 notice (1 be=e ! debate be end$1 !y %\ld nei!r ask1 nor take any fur!r c\nsel2 = ! s5se ( ! assembly1 is ! resolution ( ! debate1 & end ( all delib]ation4 ,& g5]ally he t dem&e? c\nsel1 is au?or ( x2 & !re=e _c puni% x2 & :at ! sov]eign _c1 no man else c4 ,b if "o subject give? c\nsel to ano!r1 to d any?+ contr>y to ! laws1 :e!r t c\nsel proce$ f evil int5tion1 or f ignorance only1 x is puni%able by ! commonweal?2 because ignorance ( ! law is no good excuse1 :]e e man is b\nd to take notice ( ! laws to :i* he is subject4 ,sid5ote3 ,exhortation & dehortation :at4 ,,exhortation & ,,dehortation is c\nsel1 accompani$ ) signs 9 him t give? x1 ( vehem5t desire to h x foll[$3 or to say x m briefly1 c\nsel vehem5tly press$4 ,= he t exhorte?1 do? n d$uce ! consequ5ces ( :at he advise? to be done1 & tie himself !re9 to ! rig\r ( true reason+2 b enc\rages him he c\nselle? to action3 z he t dehorte?1 det]re? him f x4 ,&1 !re=e1 !y h 9 _! spee*es1 a reg>d to ! common passions & op9ions ( m51 9 d$uc+ _! reasons2 & make use ( similitudes1 metaphors1 examples1 & o!r tools ( oratory1 to p]suade _! he>]s ( ! utility1 hon\r1 or ju/ice ( foll[+ _! advice4 ,f :5ce may be inf]r$1 fir/1 t exhortation & dehortation is direct$ to ! good ( him t give? ! c\nsel1 n ( him t aske? x1 :i* is contr>y to ! duty ( a c\nsellor2 :o1 by ! def9ition ( c\nsel1 ought to reg>d n 8 own b5efit1 b 8 :om he advise?4 ,& t he directe? 8 c\nsel to 8 own b5efit1 is manife/ en\gh1 by ! long & vehem5t urg+1 or by ! artificial giv+ !re(2 :i* be+ n requir$ ( him1 & consequ5tly proce$+ f 8 own occasions1 is direct$ pr9cipally to 8 own b5efit1 & b accid5tally to ! good ( him t is c\nsell$1 or n at all4 ,secondly1 t ! use ( exhortation & dehortation lie? only :]e a man is to speak to a multitude2 because :5 ! spee* is address$ to "o1 he may int]rupt him1 & exam9e 8 reasons m rigor\sly ?an c be done 9 a multitude2 :i* are too _m to ent] into dispute1 & dialogue ) him t speake? indiff]5tly to !m all at once4 ,?irdly1 t !y t exhort & dehort1 :]e !y are requir$ to give c\nsel1 are corrupt c\nsellors1 & z x 7 brib$ by _! own int]e/4 ,= ?\gh ! c\nsel !y give be nev] s good2 yet he t gives x1 is no m a good c\nsellor1 ?an he t give? a j s5t5ce = a rew>d1 is a j judge4 ,b :]e a man may lawfully comm&1 z a fa!r 9 8 family1 or a lead] 9 an army1 8 exhortations & dehortations1 are n only lawful1 b also necess>y1 & laudable4 ,b !n !y are no m c\nsels1 b comm&s2 :i* :5 !y are = execution ( s\r lab\r1 sometimes necessity1 & always humanity require? to be sweet5$ 9 ! deliv]y1 by enc\ragem5t1 & 9 ! tune & phrase ( c\nsel1 r ?an 9 h>%] language ( comm&4 ,examples ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 comm& & c\nsel1 we may take f ! =ms ( spee* t express !m 9 ,holy ,scripture4 ,h no o!r ,gods b me2 make to ?yself no grav5 image2 take n ,god's "n 9 va92 sanctify ! sabba?2 hon\r ?y p>5ts2 kill n2 /eal n1 c4 are comm&s2 because ! reason = :i* we are to obey !m1 is drawn f ! w ( ,god our k+1 :om we are oblig$ to obey4 ,b ^! words1 ,sell all ?\ ha/2 give x to ! poor2 & foll[ me1 are c\nsel2 because ! reason = :i* we are to d s1 is drawn f our own b5efit2 :i* is ?is1 t we %all h treasure 9 ,heav54 ,^! words1 ,g into ! village ov] aga9/ y1 & y %all f9d an ass ti$1 & h] colt2 loose h]1 & br+ h] to me1 are a comm&3 = ! reason ( _! fact is drawn f ! w ( _! ,ma/]3 b ^! words1 ,rep5t & be baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 are c\nsel2 because ! reason :y we %\ld s d1 t5de? n to any b5efit ( ,god ,almighty1 :o %all /ill be k+ 9 :at mann] soev] we rebel2 b ( ourselves1 :o h no o!r means ( avoid+ ! puni%m5t hang+ ov] u = our s9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5ces ( fit & unfit c\nsellors4 ,z ! diff]5ce ( c\nsel f comm&1 ha? be5 n[ d$uc$ f ! nature ( c\nsel1 consi/+ 9 a d$uc+ ( ! b5efit1 or hurt t may arise to him t is to be c\nsell$1 by ! necess>y or probable consequ5ces ( ! action he prop\nde?2 s may also ! diff]5ces betwe5 apt & inept c\nsellors be d]iv$ f ! same4 ,= exp]i5ce1 be+ b memory ( ! consequ5ces ( l actions =m]ly obs]v$1 & c\nsel b ! spee* :]eby t exp]i5ce is made kn[n to ano!r2 ! virtues1 & defects ( c\nsel1 are ! same ) ! virtues1 & defects intellectual3 & to ! p]son ( a commonweal?1 8 c\nsellors s]ve him 9 ! place ( memory1 & m5tal disc\rse4 ,b ) ?is resemblance ( ! commonweal?1 to a natural man1 !re is "o dissimilitude jo9$1 ( great importance2 :i* is1 t a natural man receive? 8 exp]i5ce1 f ! natural objects ( s5se1 :i* "w ^u him )\t passion1 or int]e/ ( _! own2 :]eas !y t give c\nsel to ! repres5tative p]son ( a commonweal?1 may h1 & h (t5 _! p>ticul> ends & passions1 t r5d] _! c\nsels always suspect$1 & _m times unfai?ful4 ,& !re=e we may set d[n = ! fir/ condition ( a good c\nsellor1 t 8 ends1 & int]e/s1 be n inconsi/5t ) ! ends & int]e/s ( him he c\nselle?4 ,secondly1 because ! (fice ( a c\nsellor1 :5 an action comes into delib]ation1 is to make manife/ ! consequ5ces ( x1 9 su* mann]1 z he t is c\nsell$ may be truly & evid5tly in=m$2 he ought to prop\nd 8 advice1 9 su* =m ( spee*1 z may make ! tru? mo/ evid5tly appe>2 t is to say1 ) z firm ratioc9ation1 z significant & prop] language1 & z briefly1 z ! evid5ce w p]mit4 ,& !re=e ra% & unevid5t inf]5ces1 su* z are fet*$ only f examples1 or au?ority ( books1 & are n argum5ts ( :at is good1 or evil1 b witnesses ( fact1 or ( op9ion2 obscure1 confus$1 & ambigu\s expressions1 also all metaphorical spee*es1 t5d+ to ! /irr+ up ( passion1 7because su* reason+1 & su* expressions1 are useful only to deceive1 or to lead him we c\nsel t[>ds o!r ends ?an 8 own7 are repugnant to ! (fice ( a c\nsellor4 ,?irdly1 because ! ability ( c\nsell+ proce$e? f exp]i5ce1 & long /udy2 & no man is presum$ to h exp]i5ce 9 all ^? ?+s t to ! adm9i/ration ( a great commonweal? are necess>y to be kn[n1 no man is presum$ to be a good c\nsellor1 b 9 su* bus9ess1 z he ha? n only be5 mu* v]s$ 91 b ha? also mu* m$itat$ on1 & consid]$4 ,= see+ ! bus9ess ( a commonweal? is ?is1 to pres]ve ! p 9 peace at home1 & def5d !m aga9/ =eign invasion1 we %all f9d1 x requires great k ( ! disposition ( mank9d1 ( ! rights ( gov]nm5t1 & ( ! nature ( equity1 law1 ju/ice1 & hon\r1 n to be atta9$ )\t /udy2 & ( ! /r5g?1 commodities1 places1 bo? ( _! own c\ntry1 & _! neighb\rs2 z also ( ! incl9ations1 & designs ( all nations t may any way annoy !m4 ,& ?is is n atta9$ to1 )\t mu* exp]i5ce4 ,( :i* ?+s1 n only ! :ole sum1 b e "o ( ! p>ticul>s requires ! age1 & obs]vation ( a man 9 ye>s1 & ( m ?an ord9>y /udy4 ,! wit requir$ = c\nsel1 z ,i h said be=e 7*ap4 ,,viii47 is judgm5t4 ,& ! diff]5ces ( m5 9 t po9t come f diff]5t education1 ( "s to "o k9d ( /udy or bus9ess1 & ( o!rs to ano!r4 ,:5 = ! do+ ( any ?+1 !re be infallible rules1 z 9 eng9es & edifices1 ! rules ( geometry1 all ! exp]i5ce ( ! _w _c equal 8 c\nsel1 t has le>nt1 or f\nd out ! rule4 ,& :5 !re is no su* rule1 he t ha? mo/ exp]i5ce 9 t p>ticul> k9d ( bus9ess1 has !re9 ! be/ judgm5t1 & is ! be/ c\nsellor4 ,f\r?ly1 to be able to give c\nsel to a commonweal?1 9 a bus9ess t ha? ref]5ce to ano!r commonweal?1 x is necess>y to be acqua9t$ ) ! intellig5ces1 & lett]s t come f !nce1 & ) all ! records ( treaties1 & o!r transactions ( /ate betwe5 !m2 :i* none c d1 b su* z ! repres5tative %all ?9k fit4 ,by :i* we may see1 t !y :o are n call$ to c\nsel1 c h no good c\nsel 9 su* cases to obtrude4 ,fif?ly1 suppos+ ! numb] ( c\nsellors equal1 a man is bett] c\nsell$ by he>+ !m ap>t1 ?an 9 an assembly2 & t = _m causes4 ,fir/1 9 he>+ !m ap>t1 y h ! advice ( e man2 b 9 an assembly _m ( !m deliv] _! advice ) aye1 or no1 or ) _! h&s1 or feet1 n mov$ by _! own s5se1 b by ! eloqu5ce ( ano!r1 or = fe> ( displeas+ "s t h spok51 or ! :ole assembly1 by contradiction2 or = fe> ( appe>+ dull] 9 appreh5sion1 ?an ^? t h applaud$ ! contr>y op9ion4 ,secondly1 9 an assembly ( _m1 !re _c *oose b be "s ^: int]e/s are contr>y to t ( ! public2 & ^! _! int]e/s make passionate1 & passion eloqu5t1 & eloqu5ce draws o!rs into ! same advice4 ,= ! passions ( m51 :i* asund] are mod]ate1 z ! heat ( "o br&2 9 an assembly are l _m br&s1 t inflame "o ano!r1 especially :5 !y bl[ "o ano!r ) orations1 to ! sett+ ( ! commonweal? on fire1 "u pret5ce ( c\nsell+ x4 ,?irdly1 9 he>+ e man ap>t1 "o may exam9e1 :5 !re is ne$1 ! tru?1 or probability ( 8 reasons1 & ( ! gr\nds ( ! advice he gives1 by frequ5t int]ruptions1 & objections2 :i* _c be done 9 an assembly1 :]e1 9 e difficult "q1 a man is r a/oni$1 & dazzl$ ) ! v>iety ( disc\rse ^u x1 ?an in=m$ ( ! c\rse he ought to take4 ,besides1 !re _c be an assembly ( _m1 call$ toge!r = advice1 :]e9 !re be n "s1 t h ! ambition to be ?\ght eloqu5t1 & also le>n$ 9 ! politics2 & give n _! advice ) c>e ( ! bus9ess prop\nd$1 b ( ! applause ( _! motley orations1 made ( ! div]s col\r$ ?r$s1 or %reads ( au?ors2 :i* is an imp]t95ce at lea/1 t takes away ! "t ( s]i\s consultation1 & 9 ! secret way ( c\nsell+ ap>t1 is easily avoid$4 ,f\r?ly1 9 delib]ations t ought to be kept secret1 :]e( !re be _m occasions 9 public bus9ess1 ! c\nsels ( _m1 & especially 9 assemblies1 are dang]\s2 & !re=e great assemblies are necessitat$ to commit su* affairs to less] numb]s1 & ( su* p]sons z are mo/ v]s$1 & 9 ^: fidelity !y h mo/ confid5ce4 ,to conclude1 :o is !re t s f> approves ! tak+ ( c\nsel f a great assembly ( c\nsellors1 t wi%e? =1 or w\ld accept ( _! pa9s1 :5 !re is a "q ( m>ry+ 8 *ildr51 dispos+ ( 8 l&s1 gov]n+ 8 h\sehold1 or manag+ 8 private e/ate1 especially if !re be among/ !m su* z wi% n 8 prosp]ity8 ,a man t do? 8 bus9ess by ! help ( _m & prud5t c\nsellors1 ) e "o consult+ ap>t 9 8 prop] elem5t1 does x be/1 z he t use? able seconds at t5nis play1 plac$ 9 _! prop] /ations4 ,he does next be/1 t use? 8 own judgm5t only2 z he t has no second at all4 ,b he t is c>ri$ up & d[n to 8 bus9ess 9 a fram$ c\nsel1 :i* _c move b by ! plurality ( cons5t+ op9ions1 ! execution :]e( is commonly1 out ( envy or int]e/1 ret>d$ by ! "p diss5t+1 does x wor/ ( all1 & l "o t is c>ri$ to ! ball1 ?\gh by good play]s1 yet 9 a :eel-b>r[1 or o!r frame1 heavy ( itself1 & ret>d$ also by ! inconcurr5t judgm5ts1 & endeav\rs ( !m t drive x2 & s mu* ! m1 z !y be m t set _! h&s to x2 & mo/ ( all1 :5 !re is "o1 or m among/ !m1 t desire to h him lose4 ,& ?\gh x be true1 t _m eyes see m ?an "o2 yet x is n to be und]/ood ( _m c\nsellors2 b !n only1 :5 ! f9al resolution is 9 "o man4 ,o!rwise1 because _m eyes see ! same ?+ 9 div]s l9es1 & are apt to look asqu9t t[>ds _! private b5efit2 !y t desire n to miss _! m>k1 ?\gh !y look ab\t ) two eyes1 yet !y nev] aim b ) "o2 & !re=e no great popul> commonweal? 0 ev] kept up1 b ei!r by a =eign enemy t unit$ !m2 or by ! reputation ( "s em95t man among/ !m2 or by ! secret c\nsel ( a few2 or by ! mutual fe> ( equal factions2 & n by ! op5 consultations ( ! assembly4 ,& z = v little commonweal?s1 be !y popul>1 or mon>*ical1 !re is no human wisdom c uphold !m1 long] ?an ! jeal\sy la/e? ( _! pot5t neighb\rs4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,( ,,civil ,,laws4 ,sid5ote3 ,civil law :at4 ,by ,,civil ,,laws1 ,i und]/& ! laws1 t m5 are !re=e b\nd to obs]ve1 because !y are memb]s1 n ( ?is1 or t commonweal? 9 p>ticul>1 b ( a commonweal?4 ,= ! k ( p>ticul> laws belonge? to !m1 t pr(ess ! /udy ( ! laws ( _! sev]al c\ntries2 b ! k ( civil law 9 g5]al1 to any man4 ,! anci5t law ( ,rome 0 call$ _! civil law1 f ! ^w civitas1 :i* signifies a commonweal?3 & ^? c\ntries1 :i* hav+ be5 "u ! ,roman empire1 & gov]n$ by t law1 reta9 /ill su* "p !re( z !y ?9k fit1 call t "p ! civil law1 to di/+ui% x f ! re/ ( _! own civil laws4 ,b t is n x ,i int5d to speak ( "h2 my design be+ n to %[ :at is law "h1 & !re2 b :at is law2 z ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 ,cic]o1 & div]s o!rs h done1 )\t tak+ ^u !m ! pr(ession ( ! /udy ( ! law4 ,& fir/ x is manife/1 t law 9 g5]al1 is n c\nsel1 b comm&2 nor a comm& ( any man to any man2 b only ( him1 ^: comm& is address$ to "o =m]ly oblig$ to obey him4 ,& z = civil law1 x adde? only ! "n ( ! p]son comm&+1 :i* is p]sona civitatis1 ! p]son ( ! commonweal?4 ,:i* consid]$1 ,i def9e civil law 9 ?is mann]4 ,,civil ,,law1 is to e subject1 ^? rules1 :i* ! commonweal? ha? comm&$ him1 by ^w1 writ+1 or o!r suffici5t sign ( ! w1 to make use (1 = ! di/9ction ( "r1 & wrong2 t is to say1 ( :at is contr>y1 & :at is n contr>y to ! rule4 ,9 :i* def9ition1 !re is no?+ t is n at fir/ sight evid5t4 ,= e man see?1 t "s laws are address$ to all ! subjects 9 g5]al2 "s to p>ticul> prov9ces2 "s to p>ticul> vocations2 & "s to p>ticul> m52 & are !re=e laws1 to e ( ^? to :om ! comm& is direct$1 & to none else4 ,z also1 t laws are ! rules ( j1 & unju/2 no?+ be+ reput$ unju/1 t is n contr>y to "s law4 ,likewise1 t none c make laws b ! commonweal?2 because our subjection is to ! commonweal? only3 & t comm&s1 are to be signifi$ by suffici5t signs2 because a man kn[s n o!rwise h[ to obey !m4 ,& !re=e1 :atsoev] c f ?is def9ition by necess>y consequ5ce be d$uc$1 ought to be ackn[l$g$ = tru?4 ,n[ ,i d$uce f x ?is t foll[e?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sov]eign is legislator4 #a4 ,! legislator 9 all commonweal?s1 is only ! sov]eign1 be he "o man1 z 9 a mon>*y1 or "o assembly ( m51 z 9 a democracy1 or ari/ocracy4 ,= ! legislator is he t make? ! law4 ,& ! commonweal? only prescribes1 & comm&e? ! obs]vation ( ^? rules1 :i* we call law3 !re=e ! commonweal? is ! legislator4 ,b ! commonweal? is no p]son1 nor has capacity to d any?+1 b by ! repres5tative1 t is1 ! sov]eign2 & !re=e ! sov]eign is ! sole legislator4 ,= ! same reason1 none c abrogate a law made1 b ! sov]eign2 because a law is n abrogat$1 b by ano!r law1 t =bidde? x to be put 9 execution4 ,sid5ote3 ,& n subject to civil law4 #b4 ,! sov]eign ( a commonweal?1 be x an assembly1 or "o man1 is n subject to ! civil laws4 ,= hav+ p[] to make1 & repeal laws1 he may :5 he please?1 free himself f t subjection1 by repeal+ ^? laws t tr\ble him1 & mak+ ( new2 & consequ5tly he 0 free be=e4 ,= he is free1 t c be free :5 he w3 nor is x possible = any p]son to be b\nd to himself2 because he t c b9d1 c release2 & !re=e he t is b\nd to himself only1 is n b\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,use1 a law n by virtue ( "t1 b ( ! sov]eign's cons5t4 #c4 ,:5 long use obta9e? ! au?ority ( a law1 x is n ! l5g? ( "t t make? ! au?ority1 b ! w ( ! sov]eign signifi$ by 8 sil5ce1 = sil5ce is sometimes an argum5t ( cons5t2 & x is no long] law1 ?an ! sov]eign %all be sil5t !re94 ,& !re=e if ! sov]eign %all h a "q ( "r gr\nd$1 n ^u 8 pres5t w1 b ^u ! laws =m]ly made2 ! l5g? ( "t %all br+ no prejudice to 8 "r2 b ! "q %all be judg$ by equity4 ,= _m unju/ actions1 & unju/ s5t5ces1 g uncontroll$ a long] "t ?an any man c rememb]4 ,& our lawy]s acc\nt no cu/oms law1 b su* z are reasonable1 & t evil cu/oms are to be aboli%$4 ,b ! judgm5t ( :at is reasonable1 & ( :at is to be aboli%$1 belonge? to him t make? ! law1 :i* is ! sov]eign assembly1 or mon>*4 ,sid5ote3 ,! law ( nature1 & ! civil law conta9 ea* o!r4 #d4 ,! law ( nature1 & ! civil law1 conta9 ea* o!r1 & are ( equal ext5t4 ,= ! laws ( nature1 :i* consi/ 9 equity1 ju/ice1 gratitude1 & o!r moral virtues on ^! dep5d+1 9 ! condition ( m]e nature1 z ,i h said be=e 9 ! end ( ! fifte5? *apt]1 are n prop]ly laws1 b qualities t dispose m5 to peace & ob$i5ce4 ,:5 a commonweal? is once settl$1 !n are !y actually laws1 & n be=e2 z be+ !n ! comm&s ( ! commonweal?2 & !re=e also civil laws3 = x is ! sov]eign p[] t obliges m5 to obey !m4 ,= 9 ! diff]5ces ( private m51 to decl>e1 :at is equity1 :at is ju/ice1 & :at is moral virtue1 & to make !m b9d+1 !re is ne$ ( ! ord9ances ( sov]eign p[]1 & puni%m5ts to be orda9$ = su* z %all break !m2 :i* ord9ances are !re=e "p ( ! civil law4 ,! law ( nature !re=e is a "p ( ! civil law 9 all commonweal?s ( ! _w4 ,reciprocally also1 ! civil law is a "p ( ! dictates ( nature4 ,= ju/ice1 t is to say1 p]=mance ( cov5ant1 & giv+ to e man 8 own1 is a dictate ( ! law ( nature4 ,b e subject 9 a commonweal?1 ha? conv5ant$ to obey ! civil law2 ei!r "o ) ano!r1 z :5 !y assemble to make a common repres5tative1 or ) ! repres5tative itself "o by "o1 :5 subdu$ by ! sword !y promise ob$i5ce1 t !y may receive life2 & !re=e ob$i5ce to ! civil law is "p also ( ! law ( nature4 ,civil1 & natural law are n diff]5t k9ds1 b diff]5t p>ts ( law2 :]e( "o "p be+ writt51 is call$ civil1 ! o!r unwritt51 natural4 ,b ! "r ( nature1 t is1 ! natural lib]ty ( man1 may by ! civil law be abridg$1 & re/ra9$3 nay1 ! end ( mak+ laws1 is no o!r1 b su* re/ra9t2 )\t ! :i* !re _c possibly be any peace4 ,& law 0 br\ght into ! _w = no?+ else1 b to limit ! natural lib]ty ( p>ticul> m51 9 su* mann]1 z !y might n hurt1 b assi/ "o ano!r1 & jo9 toge!r aga9/ a common enemy4 ,sid5ote3 ,prov9cial laws are n made by cu/om1 b by ! sov]eign p[]4 #e4 ,if ! sov]eign ( "o commonweal?1 subdue a p t h liv$ "u o!r writt5 laws1 & aft]w>ds gov]n !m by ! same laws1 by :i* !y 7 gov]n$ be=e2 yet ^? laws are ! civil laws ( ! victor1 & n ( ! vanqui%$ commonweal?4 ,= ! legislator is he1 n by ^: au?ority ! laws 7 fir/ made1 b by ^: au?ority !y n[ cont9ue to be laws4 ,& !re=e :]e !re be div]s prov9ces1 )9 ! dom9ion ( a commonweal?1 & 9 ^? prov9ces div]sity ( laws1 :i* commonly are call$ ! cu/oms ( ea* sev]al prov9ce1 we are n to und]/& t su* cu/oms h _! =ce1 only f l5g? ( "t2 b t !y 7 anci5tly laws writt51 or o!rwise made kn[n1 = ! con/itutions1 & /atutes ( _! sov]eigns2 & are n[ laws1 n by virtue ( ! prescription ( "t1 b by ! con/itutions ( _! pres5t sov]eigns4 ,b if an unwritt5 law1 9 all ! prov9ces ( a dom9ion1 %all be g5]ally obs]v$1 & no iniquity appe> 9 ! use !re(2 t law c be no o!r b a law ( nature1 equally oblig+ all mank9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,"s fooli% op9ions ( lawy]s conc]n+ ! mak+ ( laws4 #f4 ,see+ !n all laws1 writt5 & unwritt51 h _! au?ority & =ce1 f ! w ( ! commonweal?2 t is to say1 f ! w ( ! repres5tative2 :i* 9 a mon>*y is ! mon>*1 & 9 o!r commonweal?s ! sov]eign assembly2 a man may wond] f :5ce proce$ su* op9ions1 z are f\nd 9 ! books ( lawy]s ( em95ce 9 sev]al commonweal?s1 directly1 or by consequ5ce mak+ ! legislative p[] dep5d on private m51 or subord9ate judges4 ,z = example1 t ! common law1 ha? no controll] b ! p>liam5t2 :i* is true only :]e a p>liam5t has ! sov]eign p[]1 & _c be assembl$1 nor dissolv$1 b by _! own discretion4 ,= if !re be a "r 9 any else to dissolve !m1 !re is a "r also to control !m1 & consequ5tly to control _! controll+s4 ,& if !re be no su* "r1 !n ! controll] ( laws is n p>liam5tum1 b rex 9 p>liam5to4 ,& :]e a p>liam5t is sov]eign1 if x %\ld assemble nev] s _m1 or s wise m51 f ! c\ntries subject to !m1 = :atsoev] cause2 yet !re is no man w believe1 t su* an assembly ha? !reby acquir$ to !mselves a legislative p[]4 ,item1 t ! two arms ( a commonweal?1 are =ce & ju/ice2 ! fir/ :]e( is 9 ! k+2 ! o!r deposit$ 9 ! h&s ( ! p>liam5t4 ,z if a commonweal? c\ld consi/1 :]e ! =ce 7 9 any h&1 :i* ju/ice _h n ! au?ority to comm& & gov]n4 ,sid5ote3 ,sir ,edw4 ,coke ^u ,littleton1 lib4 #b1 *4 #f1 fol4 #ig1 b4 #g4 ,t law c nev] be aga9/ reason1 our lawy]s are agre$2 & t n ! lett]1 t is e con/ruction ( x1 b t :i* is accord+ to ! int5tion ( ! legislator1 is ! law4 ,& x is true3 b ! d\bt is ( ^: reason x is1 t %all be receiv$ = law4 ,x is n meant ( any private reason2 = !n !re w\ld be z mu* contradiction 9 ! laws1 z !re is 9 ! ,s*ools2 nor yet1 z ,sir ,edw>d ,coke makes x1 an artificial p]fection ( reason1 gott5 by long /udy1 obs]vation1 & exp]i5ce1 z 8 04 ,= x is possible long /udy may increase1 & confirm errone\s s5t5ces3 & :]e m5 build on false gr\nds1 ! m !y build1 ! great] is ! ru93 & ( ^? t /udy1 & obs]ve ) equal "t & dilig5ce1 ! reasons & resolutions are1 & mu/ rema9 discordant3 & !re=e x is n t juris prud5tia1 or wisdom ( subord9ate judges2 b ! reason ( ?is our artificial man ! commonweal?1 & 8 comm&1 t make? law3 & ! commonweal? be+ 9 _! repres5tative b "o p]son1 !re _c easily arise any contradiction 9 ! laws2 & :5 !re do?1 ! same reason is able1 by int]pretation1 or alt]ation1 to take x away4 ,9 all c\rts ( ju/ice1 ! sov]eign1 :i* is ! p]son ( ! commonweal?1 is he t judge?3 ! subord9ate judge1 ought to h reg>d to ! reason1 :i* mov$ 8 sov]eign to make su* law1 t 8 s5t5ce may be accord+ !reunto2 :i* !n is 8 sov]eign's s5t5ce2 o!rwise x is 8 own1 & an unju/ "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,law made1 if n also made kn[n1 is no law4 #h4 ,f ?is1 t ! law is a comm&1 & a comm& consi/e? 9 decl>ation1 or manife/ation ( ! w ( him t comm&e?1 by voice1 writ+1 or "s o!r suffici5t argum5t ( ! same1 we may und]/&1 t ! comm& ( ! commonweal? is law only to ^?1 t h means to take notice ( x4 ,ov] natural fools1 *ildr51 or madm51 !re is no law1 no m ?an ov] brute bea/s2 nor are !y capable ( ! title ( j1 or unju/2 because !y _h nev] p[] to make any cov5ant1 or to und]/& ! consequ5ces !re(2 & consequ5tly nev] took ^u !m to au?orize ! actions ( any sov]eign1 z !y mu/ d t make to !mselves a commonweal?4 ,& z ^? f :om nature or accid5t ha? tak5 away ! notice ( all laws 9 g5]al2 s also e man1 f :om any accid5t1 n proce$+ f 8 own default1 ha? tak5 away ! means to take notice ( any p>ticul> law1 is excus$1 if he obs]ve x n3 & to speak prop]ly1 t law is no law to him4 ,x is !re=e necess>y1 to consid] 9 ?is place1 :at argum5ts1 & signs be suffici5t = ! k ( :at is ! law2 t is to say1 :at is ! w ( ! sov]eign1 z well 9 mon>*ies1 z 9 o!r =ms ( gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,unwritt5 laws are all ( !m laws ( nature4 ,& fir/1 if x be a law t obliges all ! subjects )\t exception1 & is n writt51 nor o!rwise publi%$ 9 su* places z !y may take notice !re(1 x is a law ( nature4 ,= :atsoev] m5 are to take k ( = law1 n ^u o!r m5's words1 b e "o f 8 own reason1 mu/ be su* z is agreeable to ! reason ( all m52 :i* no law c be1 b ! law ( nature4 ,! laws ( nature !re=e ne$ n any publi%+1 nor proclamation2 z be+ conta9$ 9 ?is "o s5t5ce1 approv$ by all ! _w1 ,d n t to ano!r1 :i* ?\ ?9ke/ unreasonable to be done by ano!r to ?yself4 ,secondly1 if x be a law t obliges only "s condition ( m51 or "o p>ticul> man1 & be n writt51 nor publi%$ by ^w1 !n also x is a law ( nature2 & kn[n by ! same argum5ts1 & signs1 t di/+ui% ^? 9 su* a condition1 f o!r subjects4 ,= :atsoev] law is n writt51 or "s way publi%$ by him t makes x law1 c be kn[n no way1 b by ! reason ( him t is to obey x2 & is !re=e also a law n only civil1 b natural4 ,= example1 if ! sov]eign employ a public m9i/]1 )\t writt5 in/ructions :at to d2 he is oblig$ to take = in/ructions ! dictates ( reason2 z if he make a judge1 ! judge is to take notice1 t 8 s5t5ce ought to be accord+ to ! reason ( 8 sov]eign1 :i* be+ always und]/ood to be equity1 he is b\nd to x by ! law ( nature3 or if an ambassador1 he is1 9 all ?+s n conta9$ 9 8 writt5 in/ructions1 to take = in/ruction t :i* reason dictates to be mo/ conduc+ to 8 sov]eign's int]e/2 & s ( all o!r m9i/]s ( ! sov]eignty1 public & private4 ,all :i* in/ructions ( natural reason may be compreh5d$ "u "o "n ( fidelity2 :i* is a bran* ( natural ju/ice4 ,! law ( nature except$1 x belonge? to ! ess5ce ( all o!r laws1 to be made kn[n1 to e man t %all be oblig$ to obey !m1 ei!r by ^w1 or writ+1 or "s o!r act1 kn[n to proce$ f ! sov]eign au?ority4 ,= ! w ( ano!r _c be und]/ood1 b by 8 own ^w1 or act1 or by conjecture tak5 f 8 scope & purpose2 :i* 9 ! p]son ( ! commonweal?1 is to be suppos$ always consonant to equity & reason4 ,& 9 anci5t "t1 be=e lett]s 7 9 common use1 ! laws 7 _m times put into v]se2 t ! rude p tak+ pleasure 9 s++1 or recit+ !m1 might ! m easily reta9 !m 9 memory4 ,& = ! same reason ,solomon 7,prov4 vii4 #c7 advise? a man1 to b9d ! t5 comm&m5ts ^u 8 t5 f+]s4 ,& = ! law :i* ,moses gave to ! p ( ,israel at ! r5ew+ ( ! cov5ant 7,deut4 xi4 #ai71 he bidde? !m to tea* x _! *ildr51 by disc\rs+ ( x bo? at home1 & ^u ! way2 at go+ to b$1 & at ris+ f b$2 & to write x ^u ! po/s1 & doors ( _! h\ses2 & 7,deut4 xxxi4 #ab7 to assemble ! p1 man1 woman1 & *ild1 to he> x read4 ,sid5ote3 ,no?+ is law :]e ! legislator _c be kn[n4 ,nor is x en\gh ! law be writt51 & publi%$2 b also t !re be manife/ signs1 t x proce$e? f ! w ( ! sov]eign4 ,= private m51 :5 !y h1 or ?9k !y h =ce en\gh to secure _! unju/ designs1 & convoy !m safely to _! ambiti\s ends1 may publi% = laws :at !y please1 )\t1 or aga9/ ! legislative au?ority4 ,!re is !re=e requisite1 n only a decl>ation ( ! law1 b also suffici5t signs ( ! au?or & au?ority4 ,! au?or1 or legislator is suppos$ 9 e commonweal? to be evid5t1 because he is ! sov]eign1 :o hav+ be5 con/itut$ by ! cons5t ( e "o1 is suppos$ by e "o to be suffici5tly kn[n4 ,& ?\gh ! ignorance & security ( m5 be su*1 = ! mo/ "p1 z t :5 ! memory ( ! fir/ con/itution ( _! commonweal? is worn out1 !y d n consid]1 by ^: p[] !y us$ to be def5d$ aga9/ _! enemies1 & to h _! indu/ry protect$1 & to be right$ :5 injury is done !m2 yet because no man t consid]s1 c make "q ( x1 no excuse c be d]iv$ f ! ignorance ( :]e ! sov]eignty is plac$4 ,& x is a dictate ( natural reason1 & consequ5tly an evid5t law ( nature1 t no man ought to weak5 t p[]1 ! protection :]e( he ha? himself dem&$1 or witt+ly receiv$ aga9/ o!rs4 ,!re=e ( :o is sov]eign1 no man1 b by 8 own fault1 7:atsoev] evil m5 sugge/17 c make any d\bt4 ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5ce betwe5 v]ify+ au?oriz+4 ,! difficulty consi/e? 9 ! evid5ce ( ! au?ority d]iv$ f him2 ! remov+ :]e(1 dep5de? on ! k ( ! public regi/]s1 public c\nsels1 public m9i/]s1 & public seals2 by :i* all laws are suffici5tly v]ifi$2 v]ifi$1 ,i say1 n au?oriz$3 = ! v]ification1 is b ! te/imony & record1 n ! au?ority ( ! law2 :i* consi/e? 9 ! comm& ( ! sov]eign only4 ,sid5ote3 ,! law v]ifi$ by ! subord9ate judge4 ,if !re=e a man h a "q ( injury1 dep5d+ on ! law ( nature2 t is to say1 on common equity2 ! s5t5ce ( ! judge1 t by commission ha? au?ority to take cognizance ( su* causes1 is a suffici5t v]ification ( ! law ( nature 9 t individual case4 ,= ?\gh ! advice ( "o t pr(esse? ! /udy ( ! law1 be useful = ! avoid+ ( cont5tion2 yet x is b advice3 x is ! judge mu/ tell m5 :at is law1 ^u ! he>+ ( ! controv]sy4 ,sid5ote3 ,by ! public regi/]s4 ,b :5 ! "q is ( injury1 or crime1 ^u a writt5 law2 e man by rec\rse to ! regi/]s1 by himself or o!rs1 may1 if he w1 be suffici5tly in=m$1 be=e he d su* injury1 or commit ! crime1 :e!r x be an injury1 or n3 nay he ought to d s3 = :5 a man d\bts :e!r ! act he goe? ab\t1 be j1 or unju/2 & may in=m himself1 if he w2 ! do+ is unlawful4 ,9 l mann]1 he t suppose? himself injur$1 9 a case det]m9$ by ! writt5 law1 :i* he may1 by himself or o!rs1 see & consid]2 if he compla9 be=e he consults ) ! law1 he does unju/ly1 & bewraye? a disposition r to vex o!r m51 ?an to dem& 8 own "r4 ,sid5ote3 ,by lett]s pat5t & public seal4 ,if ! "q be ( ob$i5ce to a public (fic]2 to h se5 8 commission1 ) ! public seal1 & he>d x read2 or to h _h ! means to be in=m$ ( x1 if a man w\ld1 is a suffici5t v]ification ( 8 au?ority4 ,= e man is oblig$ to d 8 be/ endeav\r1 to in=m himself ( all writt5 laws1 t may conc]n 8 own future actions4 ,sid5ote3 ,! int]pretation ( ! law dep5de? on ! sov]eign p[]4 ,! legislator kn[n2 & ! laws1 ei!r by writ+1 or by ! light ( nature1 suffici5tly publi%$2 !re wante? yet ano!r v mat]ial circum/ance to make !m obligatory4 ,= x is n ! lett]1 b ! int5dm5t1 or mean+1 t is to say1 ! au!ntic int]pretation ( ! law 7:i* is ! s5se ( ! legislator71 9 :i* ! nature ( ! law consi/e?2 & !re=e ! int]pretation ( all laws dep5de? on ! au?ority sov]eign2 & ! int]pret]s c be none b ^?1 :i* ! sov]eign1 to :om only ! subject owe? ob$i5ce1 %all appo9t4 ,= else1 by ! craft ( an int]pret]1 ! law may be made to be> a s5se1 contr>y to t ( ! sov]eign3 by :i* means ! int]pret] becomes ! legislator4 ,sid5ote3 ,all laws ne$ int]pretation4 ,all laws1 writt51 & unwritt51 h ne$ ( int]pretation4 ,! unwritt5 law ( nature1 ?\gh x be easy to su*1 z )\t p>tiality & passion1 make use ( _! natural reason1 & !re=e leaves ! violators !re( )\t excuse2 yet consid]+ !re be v few1 p]haps none1 t 9 "s cases are n bl9d$ by self-love1 or "s o!r passion2 x is n[ become ( all laws ! mo/ obscure1 & has consequ5tly ! greate/ ne$ ( able int]pret]s4 ,! writt5 laws1 if !y be %ort1 are easily mis9t]pret$1 f ! div]s significations ( a ^w1 or two3 if long1 !y be m obscure by ! div]s significations ( _m words3 insomu* z no writt5 law1 deliv]$ 9 few1 or _m words1 c be well und]/ood1 )\t a p]fect und]/&+ ( ! f9al causes1 = :i* ! law 0 made2 ! k ( :i* f9al causes is 9 ! legislator4 ,to him !re=e !re _c be any knot 9 ! law1 insoluble2 ei!r by f9d+ out ! ends1 to undo x by2 or else by mak+ :at ends he w1 z ,alex&] did ) 8 sword 9 ! ,gordian knot1 by ! legislative p[]2 :i* no o!r int]pret] c d4 ,sid5ote3 ,! au!ntical int]pretation ( law is n t ( writ]s4 ,! int]pretation ( ! laws ( nature1 9 a commonweal?1 dep5de? n on ! books ( moral philosophy4 ,! au?ority ( writ]s1 )\t ! au?ority ( ! commonweal?1 make? n _! op9ions law1 be !y nev] s true4 ,t :i* ,i h writt5 9 ?is treatise1 conc]n+ ! moral virtues1 & ( _! necessity = ! procur+1 & ma9ta9+ peace1 ?\gh x be evid5t tru?1 is n !re=e pres5tly law2 b because 9 all commonweal?s 9 ! _w1 x is "p ( ! civil law4 ,= ?\gh x be naturally reasonable2 yet x is by ! sov]eign p[] t x is law3 o!rwise1 x 7 a great error1 to call ! laws ( nature unwritt5 law2 :]e( we see s _m volumes publi%$1 & 9 !m s _m contradictions ( "o ano!r1 & ( !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,! int]pret] ( ! law is ! judge giv+ s5t5ce viva voce 9 e p>ticul> case4 ,! int]pretation ( ! law ( nature1 is ! s5t5ce ( ! judge con/itut$ by ! sov]eign au?ority1 to he> & det]m9e su* controv]sies1 z dep5d !reon2 & consi/e? 9 ! application ( ! law to ! pres5t case4 ,= 9 ! act ( judicature1 ! judge do? no m b consid]1 :e!r ! dem& ( ! p>ty1 be consonant to natural reason1 & equity2 & ! s5t5ce he give?1 is !re=e ! int]pretation ( ! law ( nature2 :i* int]pretation is au!ntic2 n because x is 8 private s5t5ce2 b because he give? x by au?ority ( ! sov]eign1 :]eby x becomes ! sov]eign's s5t5ce2 :i* is law = t "t1 to ! p>ties plead+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! s5t5ce ( a judge does n b9d him1 or ano!r judge to give l s5t5ce 9 l cases ev] aft]4 ,b because !re is no judge subord9ate1 nor sov]eign1 b may err 9 a judgm5t ( equity2 if aft]w>d 9 ano!r l case he f9d x m consonant to equity to give a contr>y s5t5ce1 he is oblig$ to d x4 ,no man's error becomes 8 own law2 nor obliges him to p]si/ 9 x4 ,nei!r1 = ! same reason1 becomes x a law to o!r judges1 ?\gh sworn to foll[ x4 ,= ?\gh a wrong s5t5ce giv5 by au?ority ( ! sov]eign1 if he "k & all[ x1 9 su* laws z are mutable1 be a con/itution ( a new law1 9 cases1 9 :i* e little circum/ance is ! same2 yet 9 laws immutable1 su* z are ! laws ( nature1 !y are no laws to ! same or o!r judges1 9 ! l cases = ev] aft]4 ,pr9ces succe$ "o ano!r2 & "o judge passe?1 ano!r come?2 nay1 heav5 & e>? %all pass2 b n "o tittle ( ! law ( nature %all pass2 = x is ! et]nal law ( ,god4 ,!re=e all ! s5t5ces ( prec$5t judges t h ev] be51 _c altoge!r make a law contr>y to natural equity3 nor any examples ( =m] judges1 c w>rant an unreasonable s5t5ce1 or dis*>ge ! pres5t judge ( ! tr\ble ( /udy+ :at is equity1 9 ! case he is to judge1 f ! pr9ciples ( 8 own natural reason4 ,= example sake1 x is aga9/ ! law ( nature1 to puni% ! innoc5t2 & innoc5t is he t acquitte? himself judicially1 & is ackn[l$g$ = innoc5t by ! judge4 ,put ! case n[1 t a man is accus$ ( a capital crime1 & see+ ! p[] & malice ( "s enemy1 & ! frequ5t corruption & p>tiality ( judges1 runne? away = fe> ( ! ev5t1 & aft]w>ds is tak51 & br\ght to a legal trial1 & make? x suffici5tly appe>1 he 0 n guilty ( ! crime1 & be+ !re( acquitt$1 is nev]!less condemn$ to lose 8 goods2 ?is is a manife/ condemnation ( ! innoc5t4 ,i say !re=e1 t !re is no place 9 ! _w1 :]e ?is c be an int]pretation ( a law ( nature1 or be made a law by ! s5t5ces ( prec$5t judges1 t _h done ! same4 ,= he t judg$ x fir/1 judg$ unju/ly2 & no inju/ice c be a patt]n ( judgm5t to succe$+ judges4 ,a writt5 law may =bid innoc5t m5 to fly1 & !y may be puni%$ = fly+3 b t fly+ = fe> ( injury1 %\ld be tak5 = presumption ( guilt1 aft] a man is already absolv$ ( ! crime judicially1 is contr>y to ! nature ( a presumption1 :i* ha? no place aft] judgm5t giv54 ,yet ?is is set d[n by a great lawy] = ! common law ( ,engl&4 ,if a man1 sai? he1 t is innoc5t1 be accus$ ( felony1 & = fe> flye? = ! same2 albeit he judicially acquitte? himself ( ! felony2 yet if x be f\nd t he fl$ = ! felony1 he %all not)/&+ 8 innoc5cy1 =feit all 8 goods1 *attels1 debts1 & duties4 ,= z to ! =feiture ( !m1 ! law w admit no pro( aga9/ ! presumption 9 law1 gr\nd$ ^u 8 flight4 ,"h y see1 an innoc5t man judicially acquitt$1 not)/&+ 8 innoc5cy1 :5 no writt5 law =bad him to fly1 aft] 8 acquittal1 ^u a presumption 9 law1 condemn$ to lose all ! goods he ha?4 ,if ! law gr\nd ^u 8 flight a presumption ( ! fact1 :i* 0 capital1 ! s5t5ce ought to h be5 capital3 if ! presumption 7 n ( ! fact1 = :at !n ought he to lose 8 goods8 ,?is !re=e is no law ( ,engl&2 nor is ! condemnation gr\nd$ ^u a presumption ( law1 b ^u ! presumption ( ! judges4 ,x is also aga9/ law1 to say t no pro( %all be admitt$ aga9/ a presumption ( law4 ,= all judges1 sov]eign & subord9ate1 if !y refuse to he> pro(1 refuse to d ju/ice3 = ?\gh ! s5t5ce be j1 yet ! judges t condemn )\t he>+ ! pro(s (f]$1 are unju/ judges2 & _! presumption is b prejudice2 :i* no man ought to br+ ) him to ! seat ( ju/ice1 :atsoev] prec$5t judgm5ts1 or examples he %all pret5d to foll[4 ,!re be o!r ?+s ( ?is nature1 :]e9 m5's judgm5ts h be5 p]v]t$1 by tru/+ to prec$5ts3 b ?is is en\gh to %[1 t ?\gh ! s5t5ce ( ! judge1 be a law to ! p>ty plead+1 yet x is no law to any judge1 t %all succe$ him 9 t (fice4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 "q is ( ! mean+ ( writt5 laws1 he is n ! int]pret] ( !m1 t write? a comm5t>y ^u !m4 ,= comm5t>ies are commonly m subject to cavil1 ?an ! text2 & !re=e ne$ o!r comm5t>ies2 & s !re w be no end ( su* int]pretation4 ,& !re=e unless !re be an int]pret] au?oriz$ by ! sov]eign1 f :i* ! subord9ate judges are n to rec$e1 ! int]pret] c be no o!r ?an ! ord9>y judges1 9 ! same mann]1 z !y are 9 cases ( ! unwritt5 law2 & _! s5t5ces are to be tak5 by !m t plead1 = laws 9 t p>ticul> case2 b n to b9d o!r judges1 9 l cases to give l judgm5ts4 ,= a judge may err 9 ! int]pretation ev5 ( writt5 laws2 b no error ( a subord9ate judge1 c *ange ! law1 :i* is ! g5]al s5t5ce ( ! sov]eign4 ,sid5ote3 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! lett] & s5t5ce ( ! law4 ,9 writt5 laws1 m5 use to make a diff]5ce betwe5 ! lett]1 & ! s5t5ce ( ! law3 & :5 by ! lett]1 is meant :atsoev] c be ga!r$ f ! b>e words1 x is well di/+ui%$4 ,= ! significations ( almo/ all words1 are ei!r 9 !mselves1 or 9 ! metaphorical use ( !m1 ambigu\s2 & may be drawn 9 argum5t1 to make _m s5ses2 b !re is only "o s5se ( ! law4 ,b if by ! lett]1 be meant ! lit]al s5se1 !n ! lett]1 & ! s5t5ce or int5tion ( ! law1 is all "o4 ,= ! lit]al s5se is t1 :i* ! legislator int5d$1 %\ld by ! lett] ( ! law be signifi$4 ,n[ ! int5tion ( ! legislator is always suppos$ to be equity3 = x 7 a great contumely = a judge to ?9k o!rwise ( ! sov]eign4 ,he ought !re=e1 if ! ^w ( ! law d n fully au?orize a reasonable s5t5ce1 to supply x ) ! law ( nature2 or if ! case be difficult1 to respite judgm5t till he h receiv$ m ample au?ority4 ,= example1 a writt5 law orda9e?1 t he :i* is ?ru/ out ( 8 h\se by =ce1 %all be re/or$ by =ce3 x happ5s t a man by neglig5ce leaves 8 h\se empty1 & return+ is kept out by =ce1 9 :i* case !re is no special law orda9$4 ,x is evid5t t ?is case is conta9$ 9 ! same law3 = else !re is no rem$y = him at all2 :i* is to be suppos$ aga9/ ! int5tion ( ! legislator4 ,aga91 ! ^w ( ! law comm&e? to judge accord+ to ! evid5ce3 a man is accus$ falsely ( a fact1 :i* ! judge himself saw done by ano!r1 & n by him t is accus$4 ,9 ?is case nei!r %all ! lett] ( ! law be foll[$ to ! condemnation ( ! innoc5t1 nor %all ! judge give s5t5ce aga9/ ! evid5ce ( ! witnesses2 because ! lett] ( ! law is to ! contr>y3 b procure ( ! sov]eign t ano!r be made judge1 & himself witness4 ,s t ! incommodity t foll[s ! b>e words ( a writt5 law1 may lead him to ! int5tion ( ! law1 :]eby to int]pret ! same ! bett]2 ?\gh no incommodity c w>rant a s5t5ce aga9/ ! law4 ,= e judge ( "r1 & wrong1 is n judge ( :at is commodi\s1 or incommodi\s to ! commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! abilities requir$ 9 a judge4 ,! abilities requir$ 9 a good int]pret] ( ! law1 t is to say1 9 a good judge1 are n ! same ) ^? ( an advocate2 namely ! /udy ( ! laws4 ,= a judge1 z he ought to take notice ( ! fact1 f none b ! witnesses2 s also he ought to take notice ( ! law f no?+ b ! /atutes1 & con/itutions ( ! sov]eign1 alleg$ 9 ! plead+1 or decl>$ to him by "s t h au?ority f ! sov]eign p[] to decl>e !m2 & ne$ n take c>e be=eh&1 :at he %all judge2 = x %all be giv5 him :at he %all say conc]n+ ! fact1 by witnesses2 & :at he %all say 9 po9t ( law1 f ^? t %all 9 _! plead+s %[ x1 & by au?ority int]pret x ^u ! place4 ,! ,lords ( p>liam5t 9 ,engl& 7 judges1 & mo/ difficult causes h be5 he>d & det]m9$ by !m2 yet few ( !m 7 mu* v]s$ 9 ! /udy ( ! laws1 & few] _h made pr(ession ( !m3 & ?\gh !y consult$ ) lawy]s1 t 7 appo9t$ to be pres5t !re = t purpose2 yet !y alone _h ! au?ority ( giv+ s5t5ce4 ,9 l mann]1 9 ! ord9>y trials ( "r1 twelve m5 ( ! common p1 are ! judges1 & give s5t5ce1 n only ( ! fact1 b ( ! "r2 & pron\nce simply = ! compla9ant1 or = ! def5dant2 t is to say1 are judges1 n only ( ! fact1 b also ( ! "r3 & 9 a "q ( crime1 n only det]m9e :e!r done1 or n done2 b also :e!r x be murd]1 homicide1 felony1 assault1 & ! l1 :i* are det]m9ations ( law3 b because !y are n suppos$ to "k ! law ( !mselves1 !re is "o t ha? au?ority to in=m !m ( x1 9 ! p>ticul> case !y are to judge (4 ,b yet if !y judge n accord+ to t he tells !m1 !y are n subject !reby to any p5alty2 unless x be made appe>1 t !y did x aga9/ _! consci5ces1 or _h be5 corrupt$ by rew>d4 ,! ?+s t make a good judge1 or good int]pret] ( ! laws1 are1 fir/1 a "r und]/&+ ( t pr9cipal law ( nature call$ equity2 :i* dep5d+ n on ! read+ ( o!r m5's writ+s1 b on ! goodness ( a man's own natural reason1 & m$itation1 is presum$ to be 9 ^? mo/1 t h _h mo/ leisure1 & _h ! mo/ incl9ation to m$itate !reon4 ,secondly1 contempt ( unnecess>y ri*es1 & pref]m5ts4 ,?irdly1 to be able 9 judgm5t to dive/ himself ( all fe>1 ang]1 hatr$1 love1 & compassion4 ,f\r?ly1 & la/ly1 pati5ce to he>2 dilig5t att5tion 9 he>+2 & memory to reta91 dige/ & apply :at he ha? he>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,divisions ( law4 ,! diff]5ce & division ( ! laws1 has be5 made 9 div]s mann]s1 accord+ to ! diff]5t me?ods1 ( ^? m5 t h writt5 ( !m4 ,= x is a ?+ t dep5de? n on nature1 b on ! scope ( ! writ]2 & is subs]vi5t to e man's prop] me?od4 ,9 ! ,in/itutions ( ,ju/9ian1 we f9d sev5 sorts ( civil laws3 #a4 ,! edicts1 con/itutions1 & epi/les ( ! pr9ce1 t is1 ( ! emp]or2 because ! :ole p[] ( ! p 0 9 him4 ,l ^!1 are ! proclamations ( ! k+s ( ,engl&4 #b4 ,! decrees ( ! :ole p ( ,rome1 compreh5d+ ! s5ate1 :5 !y 7 put to ! "q by ! s5ate4 ,^! 7 laws1 at fir/1 by ! virtue ( ! sov]eign p[] resid+ 9 ! p2 & su* ( !m z by ! emp]ors 7 n abrogat$1 rema9$ laws1 by ! au?ority imp]ial4 ,= all laws t b9d1 are und]/ood to be laws by 8 au?ority t has p[] to repeal !m4 ,some:at l to ^! laws1 are ! acts ( p>liam5t 9 ,engl&4 #c4 ,! decrees ( ! common p1 exclud+ ! s5ate1 :5 !y 7 put to ! "q by ! tribune ( ! p4 ,= su* ( !m z 7 n abrogat$ by ! emp]ors1 rema9$ laws by ! au?ority imp]ial4 ,l to ^!1 7 ! ord]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons 9 ,engl&4 #d4 ,s5atus consulta1 ! ord]s ( ! s5ate2 because :5 ! p ( ,rome grew s num]\s1 z x 0 inconv5i5t to assemble !m2 x 0 ?\ght fit by ! emp]or1 t m5 %\ld consult ! s5ate1 in/ead ( ! p2 & ^! h "s resemblance ) ! acts ( c\ncil4 #e4 ,! edicts ( prtors1 & 9 "s cases ( diles3 su* z are ! *ief ju/ices 9 ! c\rts ( ,engl&4 #f4 ,responsa prud5tum2 :i* 7 ! s5t5ces1 & op9ion ( ^? lawy]s1 to :om ! emp]or gave au?ority to int]pret ! law1 & to give answ] to su* z 9 matt] ( law dem&$ _! advice2 :i* answ]s1 ! judges 9 giv+ judgm5t 7 oblig$ by ! con/itutions ( ! emp]or to obs]ve3 & %\ld be l ! reports ( cases judg$1 if o!r judges be by ! law ( ,engl& b\nd to obs]ve !m4 ,= ! judges ( ! common law ( ,engl&1 are n prop]ly judges1 b juris consulti2 ( :om ! judges1 :o are ei!r ! lords1 or twelve m5 ( ! c\ntry1 are 9 po9t ( law to ask advice4 #g4 ,also1 unwritt5 cu/oms1 :i* 9 _! own nature are an imitation ( law1 by ! tacit cons5t ( ! emp]or1 9 case !y be n contr>y to ! law ( nature1 are v laws4 ,sid5ote3 ,ano!r division ( law4 ,ano!r division ( laws1 is into natural & positive4 ,natural are ^? :i* h be5 laws f all et]nity2 & are call$ n only natural1 b also moral laws2 consi/+ 9 ! moral virtues1 z ju/ice1 equity1 & all habits ( ! m9d t conduce to peace1 & *>ity2 ( :i* ,i h already spok5 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? *apt]s4 ,positive1 are ^? :i* h n be5 f et]nity2 b h be5 made laws by ! w ( ^? t h _h ! sov]eign p[] ov] o!rs2 & are ei!r writt51 or made kn[n to m51 by "s o!r argum5t ( ! w ( _! legislator4 ,aga91 ( positive laws "s are human1 "s div9e2 & ( human positive laws1 "s are di/ributive1 "s p5al4 ,di/ributive are ^? t det]m9e ! rights ( ! subjects1 decl>+ to e man :at x is1 by :i* he acquire? & holde? a propriety 9 l&s1 or goods1 & a "r or lib]ty ( action3 & ^! speak to all ! subjects4 ,p5al are ^?1 :i* decl>e1 :at p5alty %all be inflict$ on ^? t violate ! law2 & speak to ! m9i/]s & (fic]s orda9$ = execution4 ,= ?\gh e "o ought to be in=m$ ( ! puni%m5ts orda9$ be=eh& = _! transgression2 nev]!less ! comm& is n address$ to ! del9qu5t1 :o _c be suppos$ w fai?fully puni% himself1 b to public m9i/]s appo9t$ to see ! p5alty execut$4 ,& ^! p5al laws are = ! mo/ "p writt5 toge!r ) ! laws di/ributive2 & are sometimes call$ judgm5ts4 ,= all laws are g5]al judgm5ts1 or s5t5ces ( ! legislator2 z also e p>ticul> judgm5t1 is a law to him1 ^: case is judg$4 ,sid5ote3 ,div9e positive law h[ made kn[n to be law4 ,div9e positive laws 7= natural laws be+ et]nal1 & univ]sal1 are all div9e71 are ^?1 :i* be+ ! comm&m5ts ( ,god1 n f all et]nity1 nor univ]sally address$ to all m51 b only to a c]ta9 p1 or to c]ta9 p]sons1 are decl>$ = su*1 by ^? :om ,god ha? au?oriz$ to decl>e !m4 ,b ?is au?ority ( man to decl>e :at be ^! positive laws ( ,god1 h[ c x be kn[n8 ,god may comm& a man by a sup]natural way1 to deliv] laws to o!r m54 ,b because x is ( ! ess5ce ( law1 t he :o is to be oblig$1 be assur$ ( ! au?ority ( him t decl>e? x1 :i* we _c naturally take notice to be f ,god1 h[ c a man )\t sup]natural revelation be assur$ ( ! revelation receiv$ by ! decl>]8 & h[ c he be b\nd to obey !m8 ,= ! fir/ "q1 h[ a man c be assur$ ( ! revelation ( ano!r1 )\t a revelation p>ticul>ly to himself1 x is evid5tly impossible4 ,= ?\gh a man may be induc$ to believe su* revelation1 f ! miracles !y see him d1 or f see+ ! extraord9>y sanctity ( 8 life1 or f see+ ! extraord9>y wisdom1 or extraord9>y felicity ( 8 actions1 all :i* are m>ks ( ,god's extraord9>y fav\r2 yet !y are n assur$ evid5ces ( special revelation4 ,miracles are m>vell\s works3 b t :i* is m>vell\s to "o1 may n be s to ano!r4 ,sanctity may be feign$2 & ! visible felicities ( ?is _w1 are mo/ (t5 ! "w ( ,god by natural1 & ord9>y causes4 ,& !re=e no man c infallibly "k by natural reason1 t ano!r has _h a sup]natural revelation ( ,god's w2 b only a belief2 e "o1 z ! signs !re( %all appe> great] or less]1 a firm] or a weak] belief4 ,b = ! second1 h[ c he be b\nd to obey !m2 x is n s h>d4 ,= if ! law decl>$1 be n aga9/ ! law ( nature1 :i* is und\bt$ly ,god's law1 & he und]take to obey x1 he is b\nd by 8 own act2 b\nd ,i say to obey x1 b n b\nd to believe x3 = m5's belief1 & int]ior cogitations1 are n subject to ! comm&s1 b only to ! op]ation ( ,god1 ord9>y1 or extraord9>y4 ,fai? ( sup]natural law1 is n a fulfill+1 b only an ass5t+ to ! same2 & n a duty t we exhibit to ,god1 b a gift :i* ,god freely give? to :om he please?2 z also unbelief is n a brea* ( any ( 8 laws2 b a rejection ( !m all1 except ! laws natural4 ,b ?is t ,i say1 w be made yet cle>]1 by ! examples & te/imonies conc]n+ ?is po9t 9 holy ,scripture4 ,! cov5ant ,god made ) ,abraham1 9 a sup]natural mann]1 0 ?us1 7,g54 xvii4 #aj7 ,?is is ! cov5ant :i* ?\ %alt obs]ve betwe5 me & !e & ?y se$ aft] !e4 ,abraham's se$ _h n ?is revelation1 nor 7 yet 9 be+2 yet !y are a p>ty to ! cov5ant1 & b\nd to obey :at ,abraham %\ld decl>e to !m = ,god's law2 :i* !y c\ld n be1 b 9 virtue ( ! ob$i5ce !y ow$ to _! p>5ts2 :o1 if !y be subject to no o!r e>?ly p[]1 z "h 9 ! case ( ,abraham1 h sov]eign p[] ov] _! *ildr5 & s]vants4 ,aga91 :]e ,god sai? to ,abraham1 ,9 !e %all all nations ( ! e>? be bless$2 = ,i "k ?\ wilt comm& ?y *ildr51 & ?y h\se aft] !e to keep ! way ( ! ,"l1 & to obs]ve righte\sness & judgm5t1 x is manife/1 ! ob$i5ce ( 8 family1 :o _h no revelation1 dep5d$ on _! =m] obligation to obey _! sov]eign4 ,at ,m\nt ,s9ai ,moses only w5t up to ,god2 ! p 7 =bidd5 to approa* on pa9 ( dea?2 yet !y 7 b\nd to obey all t ,moses decl>$ to !m = ,god's law4 ,^u :at gr\nd1 b on ?is submission ( _! own1 ,speak ?\ to u1 & we w he> !e2 b let n ,god speak to u1 le/ we die8 ,by :i* two places x suffici5tly appe>e?1 t 9 a commonweal?1 a subject t has no c]ta9 & assur$ revelation p>ticul>ly to himself conc]n+ ! w ( ,god1 is to obey = su*1 ! comm& ( ! commonweal?3 = if m5 7 at lib]ty1 to take = ,god's comm&m5ts1 _! own dreams & fancies1 or ! dreams & fancies ( private m52 sc>ce two m5 w\ld agree ^u :at is ,god's comm&m5t2 & yet 9 respect ( !m1 e man w\ld despise ! comm&m5ts ( ! commonweal?4 ,i conclude !re=e1 t 9 all ?+s n contr>y to ! moral law1 t is to say1 to ! law ( nature1 all subjects are b\nd to obey t = div9e law1 :i* is decl>$ to be s1 by ! laws ( ! commonweal?4 ,:i* also is evid5t to any man's reason2 = :atsoev] is n aga9/ ! law ( nature1 may be made law 9 ! "n ( !m t h ! sov]eign p[]2 & !re is no reason m5 %\ld be ! less oblig$ by x1 :5 x is prop\nd$ 9 ! "n ( ,god4 ,besides1 !re is no place 9 ! _w :]e m5 are p]mitt$ to pret5d o!r comm&m5ts ( ,god1 ?an are decl>$ = su* by ! commonweal?4 ,*ri/ian /ates puni% ^? t revolt f ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & all o!r /ates1 ^? t set up any religion by !m =bidd54 ,= 9 :atsoev] is n regulat$ by ! commonweal?1 x is equity1 :i* is ! law ( nature1 & !re=e an et]nal law ( ,god1 t e man equally enjoy 8 lib]ty4 ,sid5ote3 ,ano!r division ( laws4 ,!re is also ano!r di/9ction ( laws1 into fundam5tal & n fundam5tal2 b ,i c\ld nev] see 9 any au?or1 :at a fundam5tal law signifie?4 ,nev]!less "o may v reasonably di/+ui% laws 9 t mann]4 ,sid5ote3 ,a fundam5tal law1 :at4 ,= a fundam5tal law 9 e commonweal? is t1 :i* be+ tak5 away1 ! commonweal? faile?1 & is utt]ly dissolv$2 z a build+ ^: f\ndation is de/roy$4 ,& !re=e a fundam5tal law is t1 by :i* subjects are b\nd to uphold :atsoev] p[] is giv5 to ! sov]eign1 :e!r a mon>*1 or a sov]eign assembly1 )\t :i* ! commonweal? _c /&2 su* z is ! p[] ( w> & peace1 ( judicature1 ( election ( (fic]s1 & ( do+ :atsoev] he %all ?9k necess>y = ! public good4 ,n fundam5tal is t1 ! abrogat+ :]e(1 drawe? n ) x ! dissolution ( ! commonweal?2 su* z are ! laws conc]n+ controv]sies betwe5 subject & subject4 ,?us mu* ( ! division ( laws4 ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5ce betwe5 law & "r4 ,i f9d ! words lex civilis1 & jus civile1 t is to say law & "r civil1 promiscu\sly us$ = ! same ?+1 ev5 9 ! mo/ le>n$ au?ors2 :i* nev]!less ought n to be s4 ,= "r is lib]ty1 namely t lib]ty :i* ! civil law leaves u3 b civil law is an obligation1 & takes f u ! lib]ty :i* ! law ( nature gave u4 ,nature gave a "r to e man to secure himself by 8 own /r5g?1 & to invade a suspect$ neighb\r1 by way ( prev5tion3 b ! civil law takes away t lib]ty1 9 all cases :]e ! protection ( ! law may be safely /ay$ =4 ,insomu* z lex & jus1 are z diff]5t z obligation & lib]ty4 ,sid5ote3 ,& betwe5 a law & a *>t]4 ,likewise laws & *>t]s are tak5 promiscu\sly = ! same ?+4 ,yet *>t]s are donations ( ! sov]eign2 & n laws1 b exemptions f law4 ,! phrase ( a law is1 jubeo1 injungo1 ,i comm& & enjo93 ! phrase ( a *>t] is1 d$i1 concessi1 ,i h giv51 ,i h grant$3 b :at is giv5 or grant$1 to a man1 is n =c$ ^u him1 by a law4 ,a law may be made to b9d all ! subjects ( a commonweal?3 a lib]ty1 or *>t] is only to "o man1 or "s "o "p ( ! p4 ,= to say all ! p ( a commonweal?1 h lib]ty 9 any case :atsoev]1 is to say1 t 9 su* case1 !re ha? be5 no law made2 or else hav+ be5 made1 is n[ abrogat$4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,( ,,crimes1 ,,excuses1 ,,& ,,ext5uations4 ,sid5ote3 ,s91 :at4 ,a ,,s91 is n only a transgression ( a law1 b also any contempt ( ! legislator4 ,= su* contempt1 is a brea* ( all 8 laws at once4 ,& !re=e may consi/1 n only 9 ! commission ( a fact1 or 9 speak+ ( words by ! laws =bidd51 or 9 ! omission ( :at ! law comm&e?1 b also 9 ! int5tion1 or purpose to transgress4 ,= ! purpose to break ! law1 is "s degree ( contempt ( him1 to :om x belonge? to see x execut$4 ,to be delight$ 9 ! imag9ation only1 ( be+ possess$ ( ano!r man's goods1 s]vants1 or wife1 )\t any int5tion to take !m f him by =ce or fraud1 is no brea* ( ! law1 t sai?1 ,?\ %alt n covet3 nor is ! pleasure a man may h 9 imag9+ or dream+ ( ! dea? ( him1 f ^: life he expecte? no?+ b damage1 & displeasure1 a s92 b ! resolv+ to put "s act 9 execution1 t t5de? !reto4 ,= to be pleas$ 9 ! fiction ( t1 :i* w\ld please a man if x 7 real1 is a passion s adh]5t to ! nature bo? ( man1 & e o!r liv+ creature1 z to make x a s91 7 to make s9 ( be+ a man4 ,! consid]ation ( ?is1 has made me ?9k !m too sev]e1 bo? to !mselves1 & o!rs1 t ma9ta91 t ! fir/ motions ( ! m9d1 ?\gh *eck$ ) ! fe> ( ,god1 be s9s4 ,b ,i confess x is saf] to err on t h&1 ?an on ! o!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,a crime1 :at4 ,a ,,crime1 is a s91 consi/+ 9 ! committ+1 by de$ or ^w1 ( t :i* ! law =bidde?1 or ! omission ( :at x ha? comm&$4 ,s t e crime is a s92 b n e s9 a crime4 ,to int5d to /eal1 or kill1 is a s91 ?\gh x nev] appe> 9 ^w1 or fact3 = ,god t see? ! ?\ghts ( man1 c lay x to 8 *>ge3 b till x appe> by some?+ done1 or said1 by :i* ! int5tion may be argu$ by a human judge1 x ha? n ! "n ( crime3 :i* di/9ction ! ,greeks obs]v$1 9 ! ^w 1 & 1 or 2 :]e( ! =m]1 :i* is translat$ s91 signifie? any sw]v+ f ! law :atsoev]2 b ! two latt]1 :i* are translat$ crime1 signify t s9 only1 :]e( "o man may accuse ano!r4 ,b ( int5tions1 :i* nev] appe> by any outw>d act1 !re is no place = human accusation4 ,9 l mann] ! ,lat9s by peccatum1 :i* is s91 signify all mann] ( deviation f ! law2 b by crim51 :i* ^w !y d]ive f c]no1 :i* signifies to p]ceive1 !y mean only su* s9s1 z may be made appe> be=e a judge2 & !re=e are n m]e int5tions4 ,sid5ote3 ,:]e no civil law is1 !re is no crime4 ,f ?is relation ( s9 to ! law1 & ( crime to ! civil law1 may be inf]r$1 fir/1 t :]e law cease?1 s9 cease?4 ,b because ! law ( nature is et]nal1 violation ( cov5ants1 +ratitude1 arrogance1 & all facts contr>y to any moral virtue1 c nev] cease to be s94 ,secondly1 t ! civil law ceas+1 crimes cease3 = !re be+ no o!r law rema9+1 b t ( nature1 !re is no place = accusation2 e man be+ 8 own judge1 & accus$ only by 8 own consci5ce1 & cle>$ by ! uprightness ( 8 own int5tion4 ,:5 !re=e 8 int5tion is "r1 8 fact is no s93 if o!rwise1 8 fact is s92 b n crime4 ,?irdly1 t :5 ! sov]eign p[] cease?1 crime also cease?2 = :]e !re is no su* p[]1 !re is no protection to be _h f ! law2 & !re=e e "o may protect himself by 8 own p[]3 = no man 9 ! in/itution ( sov]eign p[] c be suppos$ to give away ! "r ( pres]v+ 8 own body2 = ! safety :]e( all sov]eignty 0 orda9$4 ,b ?is is to be und]/ood only ( ^?1 t h n !mselves contribut$ to ! tak+ away ( ! p[] t protect$ !m2 = t 0 a crime f ! beg9n+4 ,sid5ote3 ,ignorance ( ! law ( nature excuse? no man4 ,! s\rce ( e crime1 is "s defect ( ! und]/&+2 or "s error 9 reason+2 or "s sudd5 =ce ( ! passions4 ,defect 9 ! und]/&+1 is ignorance2 9 reason+1 errone\s op9ion4 ,aga91 ignorance is ( ?ree sorts2 ( ! law1 & ( ! sov]eign1 & ( ! p5alty4 ,ignorance ( ! law ( nature excuse? no man2 because e man t ha? atta9$ to ! use ( reason1 is suppos$ to "k1 he ought n to d to ano!r1 :at he w\ld n h done to himself4 ,!re=e into :at place soev] a man %all come1 if he d any?+ contr>y to t law1 x is a crime4 ,if a man come f ! ,indies hi!r1 & p]suade m5 "h to receive a new religion1 or tea* !m any?+ t t5de? to disob$i5ce ( ! laws ( ?is c\ntry1 ?\gh he be nev] s well p]suad$ ( ! tru? ( :at he tea*e?1 he commits a crime1 & may be ju/ly puni%$ = ! same1 n only because 8 doctr9e is false1 b also because he does t :i* he w\ld n approve 9 ano!r1 namely1 t com+ f h5ce1 he %\ld endeav\r to alt] ! religion !re4 ,b ignorance ( ! civil law1 %all excuse a man 9 a /range c\ntry1 till x be decl>$ to him2 because1 till !n no civil law is b9d+4 ,sid5ote3 ,ignorance ( ! civil law excuse? sometimes4 ,9 ! l mann]1 if ! civil law ( a man's own c\ntry1 be n s suffici5tly decl>$1 z he may "k x if he w2 nor ! action aga9/ ! law ( nature2 ! ignorance is a good excuse3 9 o!r cases ignorance ( ! civil law1 excuse? n4 ,sid5ote3 ,ignorance ( ! sov]eign excuse? n4 ,ignorance ( ! sov]eign p[]1 9 ! place ( a man's ord9>y resid5ce1 excuse? him n2 because he ought to take notice ( ! p[]1 by :i* he ha? be5 protect$ !re4 ,sid5ote3 ,ignorance ( ! p5alty excuse? n4 ,ignorance ( ! p5alty1 :]e ! law is decl>$1 excuse? no man3 = 9 break+ ! law1 :i* )\t a fe> ( p5alty to foll[1 7 n a law1 b va9 words1 he und]goe? ! p5alty1 ?\gh he "k n :at x is2 because1 :osoev] volunt>ily do? any action1 accepte? all ! kn[n consequ5ces ( x2 b puni%m5t is a kn[n consequ5ce ( ! violation ( ! laws1 9 e commonweal?2 :i* puni%m5t1 if x be det]m9$ already by ! law1 he is subject to t2 if n1 !n he is subject to arbitr>y puni%m5t4 ,= x is reason1 t he :i* does injury1 )\t o!r limitation ?an t ( 8 own w1 %\ld suff] puni%m5t )\t o!r limitation1 ?an t ( 8 w ^: law is !reby violat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,puni%m5ts decl>$ be=e ! fact1 excuse f great] puni%m5ts aft] x4 ,b :5 a p5alty1 is ei!r annex$ to ! crime 9 ! law itself1 or ha? be5 usually inflict$ 9 ! l cases2 !re ! del9qu5t is excus$ f a great] p5alty4 ,= ! puni%m5t =ekn[n1 if n great en\gh to det] m5 f ! action1 is an invitem5t to x3 because :5 m5 comp>e ! b5efit ( _! inju/ice1 ) ! h>m ( _! puni%m5t1 by necessity ( nature !y *use t :i* appe>e? be/ = !mselves3 & !re=e :5 !y are puni%$ m ?an ! law _h =m]ly det]m9$1 or m ?an o!rs 7 puni%$ = ! same crime2 x is ! law t tempt$1 & deceive? !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,no?+ c be made a crime by a law made aft] ! fact4 ,no law1 made aft] a fact done1 c make x a crime3 because if ! fact be aga9/ ! law ( nature1 ! law 0 be=e ! fact2 & a positive law _c be tak5 notice (1 be=e x be made2 & !re=e _c be obligatory4 ,b :5 ! law t =bidde? a fact1 is made be=e ! fact be done2 yet he t do? ! fact1 is liable to ! p5alty orda9$ aft]1 9 case no less] p5alty 7 made kn[n be=e1 nei!r by writ+1 nor by example1 = ! reason imm$iately be=e alleg$4 ,sid5ote3 ,false pr9ciples ( "r wrong causes ( crime4 ,f defect 9 reason+1 t is to say1 f error1 m5 are prone to violate ! laws1 ?ree ways4 ,fir/1 by presumption ( false pr9ciples3 z :5 m51 f hav+ obs]v$ h[ 9 all places1 & 9 all ages1 unju/ actions h be5 au?oriz$1 by ! =ce1 & victories ( ^? :o h committ$ !m2 & t pot5t m51 break+ ?r\gh ! cobweb laws ( _! c\ntry1 ! weak] sort1 & ^? t h fail$ 9 _! ent]prises1 h be5 e/eem$ ! only crim9als2 h !reupon tak5 = pr9ciples1 & gr\nds ( _! reason+1 t ju/ice is b a va9 ^w3 t :atsoev] a man c get by 8 own indu/ry1 & haz>d1 is 8 own3 t ! practice ( all nations _c be unju/3 t examples ( =m] times are good argum5ts ( do+ ! l aga92 & _m m ( t k9d3 :i* be+ grant$1 no act 9 itself c be a crime1 b mu/ be made s1 n by ! law1 b by ! success ( !m t commit x2 & ! same fact be virtu\s1 or vici\s1 z =tune please?2 s t :at ,m>ius makes a crime1 ,sylla %all make m]itori\s1 & ,cs>1 ! same laws /&+1 turn aga9 into a crime1 to ! p]petual di/urbance ( ! peace ( ! commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,false tea*]s mis-int]pret+ ! law ( nature4 ,secondly1 by false tea*]s1 t ei!r mis9t]pret ! law ( nature1 mak+ x !reby repugnant to ! law civil2 or by tea*+ = laws1 su* doctr9es ( _! own1 or traditions ( =m] times1 z are inconsi/5t ) ! duty ( a subject4 ,sid5ote3 ,& false inf]5ces f true pr9ciples1 by tea*]s4 ,?irdly1 by errone\s inf]5ces f true pr9ciples2 :i* happ5s commonly to m5 t are ha/y1 & precipitate 9 conclud+1 & resolv+ :at to d2 su* z are !y1 t h bo? a great op9ion ( _! own und]/&+1 & believe t ?+s ( ?is nature require n "t & /udy1 b only common exp]i5ce1 & a good natural wit2 :]e( no man ?9ks himself unprovid$3 :]eas ! k1 ( "r & wrong1 :i* is no less difficult1 !re is no man w pret5d to1 )\t great & long /udy4 ,& ( ^? defects 9 reason+1 !re is none t c excuse1 ?\gh "s ( !m may ext5uate1 a crime 9 any man1 t pret5de? to ! adm9i/ration ( 8 own private bus9ess2 mu* less 9 !m t und]take a public *>ge2 because !y pret5d to ! reason1 ^u ! want :]e( !y w\ld gr\nd _! excuse4 ,sid5ote3 ,by _! passions4 ,( ! passions t mo/ frequ5tly are ! causes ( crime1 "o1 is va9 glory1 or a fooli% ov]rat+ ( _! own wor?2 z if diff]5ce ( wor?1 7 an effect ( _! wit1 or ri*es1 or blood1 or "s o!r natural quality1 n dep5d+ on ! w ( ^? t h ! sov]eign au?ority4 ,f :5ce proce$e? a presumption t ! puni%m5ts orda9$ by ! laws1 & ext5d$ g5]ally to all subjects1 ought n to be inflict$ on !m1 ) ! same rig\r !y are inflict$ on poor1 obscure1 & simple m51 compreh5d$ "u ! "n ( ! vulg>4 ,sid5ote3 ,presumption ( ri*es1 ,!re=e x happ5e? commonly1 t su* z value !mselves by ! greatness ( _! weal?1 adv5ture on crimes1 ^u hope ( escap+ puni%m5t1 by corrupt+ public ju/ice1 or obta9+ p>don by money1 or o!r rew>ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,& fri5ds4 ,& t su* z h multitude ( pot5t k9dr$2 & popul> m51 t h ga9$ reputation among/ ! multitude1 take c\rage to violate ! laws1 f a hope ( oppress+ ! p[]1 to :om x belonge? to put !m 9 execution4 ,sid5ote3 ,wisdom4 ,& t su* z h a great1 & false op9ion ( _! own wisdom1 take ^u !m to repreh5d ! actions1 & call 9 "q ! au?ority ( !m t gov]n1 & s to unsettle ! laws ) _! public disc\rse1 z t no?+ %all be a crime1 b :at _! own designs require %\ld be s4 ,x happ5e? also to ! same m51 to be prone to all su* crimes1 z consi/ 9 craft1 & 9 deceiv+ ( _! neighb\rs2 because !y ?9k _! designs are too subtle to be p]ceiv$4 ,^! ,i say are effects ( a false presumption ( _! own wisdom4 ,= ( !m t are ! fir/ mov]s 9 ! di/urbance ( commonweal?1 :i* c nev] happ5 )\t a civil w>1 v few are left alive long en\gh1 to see _! new designs e/abli%$3 s t ! b5efit ( _! crimes r$\nde? to po/]ity1 & su* z w\ld lea/ h wi%$ x3 :i* argues !y 7 n s wise1 z !y ?\ght !y 74 ,& ^? t deceive ^u hope ( n be+ obs]v$1 d commonly deceive !mselves1 ! d>kness 9 :i* !y believe !y lie hidd51 be+ no?+ else b _! own bl9dness2 & are no wis] ?an *ildr51 t ?9k all hid1 by hid+ _! own eyes4 ,& g5]ally all va9-glori\s m51 unless !y be )al timor\s1 are subject to ang]2 z be+ m prone ?an o!rs to int]pret = contempt1 ! ord9>y lib]ty ( conv]sation3 & !re are few crimes t may n be produc$ by ang]4 ,sid5ote3 ,hatr$1 lu/1 ambition1 covet\sness1 causes ( crime ,z = ! passions1 ( hate1 lu/1 ambition1 & covet\sness1 :at crimes !y are apt to produce1 is s obvi\s to e man's exp]i5ce & und]/&+1 z !re ne$e? no?+ to be said ( !m1 sav+ t !y are infirmities1 s annex$ to ! nature1 bo? ( man1 & all o!r liv+ creatures1 z t _! effects _c be h9d]$1 b by extraord9>y use ( reason1 or a con/ant sev]ity 9 puni%+ !m4 ,= 9 ^? ?+s m5 hate1 !y f9d a cont9ual1 & unavoidable mole/ation2 :]eby ei!r a man's pati5ce mu/ be ev]la/+1 or he mu/ be eas$ by remov+ ! p[] ( t :i* mole/e? him4 ,! =m] is difficult2 ! latt] is _m times impossible1 )\t "s violation ( ! law4 ,ambition1 & covet\sness are passions also t are p]petually incumb5t1 & press+2 :]eas reason is n p]petually pres5t1 to resi/ !m3 & !re=e :5soev] ! hope ( impunity appe>s1 _! effects proce$4 ,& = lu/1 :at x wants 9 ! la/+1 x ha? 9 ! vehem5ce1 :i* suffice? to weigh d[n ! appreh5sion ( all easy1 or unc]ta9 puni%m5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,fe> sometimes cause ( crime1 z :5 ! dang] is nei!r pres5t nor corporeal4 ,( all passions1 t :i* incl9e? m5 lea/ to break ! laws1 is fe>4 ,nay1 except+ "s g5]\s natures1 x is ! only ?+1 :5 !re is app>5ce ( pr(it or pleasure by break+ ! laws1 t makes m5 keep !m4 ,& yet 9 _m cases a crime may be committ$ ?r\gh fe>4 ,= n e fe> ju/ifies ! action x produce?1 b ! fe> only ( corporeal hurt1 :i* we call bodily fe>1 & f :i* a man _c see h[ to be deliv]$1 b by ! action4 ,a man is assault$1 fe>s pres5t dea?1 f :i* he sees n h[ to escape1 b by w\nd+ him t assaulte? him3 if he w\nd him to dea?1 ?is is no crime2 because no man is suppos$ at ! mak+ ( a commonweal?1 to h ab&on$ ! def5ce ( 8 life1 or limbs1 :]e ! law _c arrive "t en\gh to 8 assi/ance4 ,b to kill a man1 because f 8 actions1 or 8 ?reat5+s1 ,i may argue he w kill me :5 he c1 see+ ,i h "t1 & means to dem& protection1 f ! sov]eign p[]1 is a crime4 ,aga91 a man receives words ( disgrace or "s little injuries1 = :i* !y t made ! laws1 _h assign$ no puni%m5t1 nor ?\ght x wor?y ( a man t ha? ! use ( reason1 to take notice (1 & is afraid1 unless he rev5ge x1 he %all fall into contempt1 & consequ5tly be obnoxi\s to ! l injuries f o!rs2 & to avoid ?is1 breaks ! law1 & protects himself = ! future1 by ! t]ror ( 8 private rev5ge4 ,?is is a crime3 = ! hurt is n corporeal1 b phanta/ical1 &1 ?\gh 9 ?is corn] ( ! _w1 made s5sible by a cu/om n _m ye>s s9ce begun1 among/ "y & va9 m51 s light1 z a gallant man1 & "o t is assur$ ( 8 own c\rage1 _c take notice (4 ,also a man may /& 9 fe> ( spirits1 ei!r ?r\gh 8 own sup]/ition1 or ?r\gh too mu* cr$it giv5 to o!r m51 t tell him ( /range dreams & visions2 & !reby be made believe !y w hurt him1 = do+1 or omitt+ div]s ?+s1 :i* nev]!less1 to d1 or omit1 is contr>y to ! laws2 & t :i* is s done1 or omitt$1 is n to be excus$ by ?is fe>2 b is a crime4 ,=1 z ,i h %[n be=e 9 ! second *apt]1 dreams be naturally b ! fancies rema9+ 9 sleep1 aft] ! impressions our s5ses _h =m]ly receiv$ wak+2 & :5 m5 are by any accid5t unassur$ !y h slept1 seem to be real visions2 & !re=e he t presumes to break ! law ^u 8 own1 or ano!r's dream1 or pret5d$ vision1 or ^u o!r fancy ( ! p[] ( invisible spirits1 ?an is p]mitt$ by ! commonweal?1 leave? ! law ( nature1 :i* is a c]ta9 (f5ce1 & foll[e? ! imag]y ( 8 own1 or ano!r private man's bra91 :i* he c nev] "k :e!r x signifie? any ?+ or no?+1 nor :e!r he t tells 8 dream1 say true1 or lie2 :i* if e private man %\ld h leave to d1 z !y mu/ by ! law ( nature1 if any "o h x1 !re c\ld no law be made to hold1 & s all commonweal? w\ld be dissolv$4 ,sid5ote3 ,crimes n equal4 ,f ^! diff]5t s\rces ( crimes1 x appe>s already1 t all crimes are n1 z ! ,/oics ( old "t ma9ta9$1 ( ! same allay4 ,!re is place1 n only = ,,excuse1 by :i* t :i* seem$ a crime1 is prov$ to be none at all2 b also = ,,ext5uation1 by :i* ! crime1 t seem$ great1 is made less4 ,= ?\gh all crimes d equally des]ve ! "n ( inju/ice1 z all deviation f a /raight l9e is equally crook$ness1 :i* ! ,/oics rightly obs]v$3 yet x does n foll[ t all crimes are equally unju/1 no m ?an t all crook$ l9es are equally crook$2 :i* ! ,/oics n obs]v+1 held x z great a crime1 to kill a h51 aga9/ ! law1 z to kill "o's fa!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,total excuses4 ,t :i* totally excuse? a fact1 & takes away f x ! nature ( a crime1 c be none b t1 :i* at ! same "t1 take? away ! obligation ( ! law4 ,= ! fact committ$ once aga9/ ! law1 if he t committ$ x be oblig$ to ! law1 c be no o!r ?an a crime4 ,! want ( means to "k ! law1 totally excuse?4 ,= ! law :]e( a man has no means to in=m himself1 is n obligatory4 ,b ! want ( dilig5ce to inquire1 %all n be consid]$ z a want ( means2 nor %all any man1 t pret5de? to reason en\gh = ! gov]nm5t ( 8 own affairs1 be suppos$ to want means to "k ! laws ( nature2 because !y are kn[n by ! reason he pret5ds to3 only *ildr51 & madm5 are excus$ f (f5ces aga9/ ! law natural4 ,:]e a man is captive1 or 9 ! p[] ( ! enemy 7& he is !n 9 ! p[] ( ! enemy1 :5 8 p]son1 or 8 means ( liv+1 is s71 if x be )\t 8 own fault1 ! obligation ( ! law cease?2 because he mu/ obey ! enemy1 or die2 & consequ5tly su* ob$i5ce is no crime3 = no man is oblig$1 :5 ! protection ( ! law faile?1 n to protect himself1 by ! be/ means he c4 ,if a man1 by ! t]ror ( pres5t dea?1 be compell$ to d a fact aga9/ ! law1 he is totally excus$2 because no law c oblige a man to ab&on 8 own pres]vation4 ,& suppos+ su* a law 7 obligatory2 yet a man w\ld reason ?us1 ,if ,i d x n1 ,i die pres5tly2 if ,i d x1 ,i die aft]w>ds2 !re=e by do+ x1 !re is "t ( life ga9$2 nature !re=e compels him to ! fact4 ,:5 a man is de/itute ( food1 or o!r ?+ necess>y = 8 life1 & _c pres]ve himself any o!r way1 b by "s fact aga9/ ! law2 z if 9 a great fam9e he take ! food by =ce1 or /eal?1 :i* he _c obta9 = money nor *>ity2 or 9 def5ce ( 8 life1 snat* away ano!r man's sword2 he is totally excus$1 = ! reason next be=e alleg$4 ,sid5ote3 ,excuses aga9/ ! au?or4 ,aga91 facts done aga9/ ! law by ! au?ority ( ano!r1 are by t au?ority excus$ aga9/ ! au?or2 because no man ought to accuse 8 own fact 9 ano!r1 t is b 8 in/rum5t3 b x is n excus$ aga9/ a ?ird p]son !reby injur$2 because 9 ! violation ( ! law1 bo? ! au?or & actor are crim9als4 ,f h5ce x foll[e? t :5 t man1 or assembly1 t ha? ! sov]eign p[]1 comm&e? a man to d t :i* is contr>y to a =m] law1 ! do+ ( x is totally excus$3 = he ought n to condemn x himself1 because he is ! au?or2 & :at _c ju/ly be condemn$ by ! sov]eign1 _c ju/ly be puni%$ by any o!r4 ,besides1 :5 ! sov]eign comm&e? any?+ to be done aga9/ 8 own =m] law1 ! comm&1 z to t p>ticul> fact1 is an abrogation ( ! law4 ,if t man1 or assembly1 t ha? ! sov]eign p[]1 disclaim any "r ess5tial to ! sov]eignty1 :]eby !re accrue? to ! subject1 any lib]ty inconsi/5t ) ! sov]eign p[]1 t is to say1 ) ! v be+ ( a commonweal?1 if ! subject %all refuse to obey ! comm& 9 any?+ contr>y to ! lib]ty grant$1 ?is is nev]!less a s91 & contr>y to ! duty ( ! subject3 = he ought to take notice ( :at is inconsi/5t ) ! sov]eignty1 because x 0 erect$ by 8 own cons5t & = 8 own def5ce2 & t su* lib]ty z is inconsi/5t ) x1 0 grant$ ?r\gh ignorance ( ! evil consequ5ce !re(4 ,b if he n only disobey1 b also resi/ a public m9i/] 9 ! execution ( x1 !n x is a crime2 because he might h be5 right$1 )\t any brea* ( ! peace1 ^u compla9t4 ,! degrees ( crime are tak5 on div]s scales1 & measur$1 fir/1 by ! malignity ( ! s\rce1 or cause2 secondly1 by ! contagion ( ! example2 ?irdly1 by ! mis*ief ( ! effect2 & f\r?ly1 by ! concurr5ce ( times1 places1 & p]sons4 ,sid5ote3 ,presumption ( p[] aggravate?4 ,! same fact done aga9/ ! law1 if x proce$ f presumption ( /r5g?1 ri*es1 or fri5ds to resi/ ^? t are to execute ! law1 is a great] crime ?an if x proce$ f hope ( n be+ discov]$1 or ( escape by flight3 = presumption ( impunity by =ce1 is a root1 f :5ce spr+e?1 at all times1 & ^u all temptations1 a contempt ( all laws2 :]eas 9 ! latt] case1 ! appreh5sion ( dang]1 t makes a man fly1 r5d]s him m ob$i5t = ! future4 ,a crime :i* we "k to be s1 is great] ?an ! same crime proce$+ f a false p]suasion t x is lawful2 = he t committe? x aga9/ 8 own consci5ce1 presume? on 8 =ce1 or o!r p[]1 :i* enc\rages him to commit ! same aga93 b he t do? x by error1 aft] ! error is %ewn him1 is con=mable to ! law4 ,sid5ote3 ,evil tea*]s ext5uate4 ,he1 ^: error proce$s f ! au?ority ( a tea*]1 or an int]pret] ( ! law publicly au?oriz$1 is n s faulty z he ^: error proce$e? f a p]emptory pursuit ( 8 own pr9ciples & reason+3 = :at is taught by "o t tea*e? by public au?ority1 ! commonweal? tea*e?1 & ha? a resemblance ( law1 till ! same au?ority controlle? x2 & 9 all crimes t conta9 n 9 !m a d5ial ( ! sov]eign p[]1 nor are aga9/ an evid5t law1 excuse? totally3 :]eas he t gr\nde? 8 actions on 8 private judgm5t1 ought1 accord+ to ! rectitude1 or error !re(1 to /& or fall4 ,sid5ote3 ,examples ( impunity ext5uate4 ,! same fact1 if x h be5 con/antly puni%$ 9 o!r m51 is a great] crime1 ?an if !re h be5 _m prec$5t examples ( impunity4 ,= ^? examples are s _m hopes ( impunity1 giv5 by ! sov]eign himself3 & because he :i* furni%es a man ) su* a hope & presumption ( m]cy1 z enc\rage? him to (f5d1 ha? 8 "p 9 ! (f5ce2 he _c reasonably *>ge ! (f5d] ) ! :ole4 ,sid5ote3 ,prem$itation aggravate?4 ,a crime aris+ f a sudd5 passion1 is n s great1 z :5 ! same arise? f long m$itation3 = 9 ! =m] case !re is a place = ext5uation1 9 ! common infirmity ( human nature3 b he t do? x ) prem$itation1 has us$ circumspection1 & ca/ 8 eye on ! law1 on ! puni%m5t1 & on ! consequ5ce !re( to human society2 all :i*1 9 committ+ ! crime1 he ha? contemn$ & po/pos$ to 8 own appetite4 ,b !re is no sudd5ness ( passion suffici5t = a total excuse3 = all ! "t betwe5 ! fir/ kn[+ ( ! law1 & ! commission ( ! fact1 %all be tak5 = a "t ( delib]ation2 because he ought by m$itation ( ! law1 to rectify ! irregul>ity ( 8 passions4 ,:]e ! law is publicly1 & ) assiduity1 be=e all ! p read & int]pret$1 a fact done aga9/ x1 is a great] crime1 ?an :]e m5 are left )\t su* in/ruction1 to enquire ( x ) difficulty1 unc]ta9ty1 & int]ruption ( _! call+s1 & be in=m$ by private m53 = 9 ?is case1 "p ( ! fault is dis*>g$ ^u common infirmity2 b1 9 ! =m]1 !re is app>5t neglig5ce1 :i* is n )\t "s contempt ( ! sov]eign p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,tacit approbation ( ! sov]eign ext5uates4 ,^? facts :i* ! law expressly condemne?1 b ! law-mak] by o!r manife/ signs ( 8 w tacitly approve?1 are less crimes1 ?an ! same facts1 condemn$ bo? by ! law & law-mak]4 ,= see+ ! w ( ! law-mak] is a law1 !re appe> 9 ?is case two contradictory laws2 :i* w\ld totally excuse1 if m5 7 b\nd to take notice ( ! sov]eign's approbation1 by o!r argum5ts ?an are express$ by 8 comm&4 ,b because !re are puni%m5ts consequ5t1 n only to ! transgression ( 8 law1 b also to ! obs]v+ ( x1 he is 9 "p a cause ( ! transgression1 & !re=e _c reasonably impute ! :ole crime to ! del9qu5t4 ,= example1 ! law condemne? duels2 ! puni%m5t is made capital3 on ! contr>y "p1 he t refuse? duel1 is subject to contempt & scorn1 )\t rem$y2 & sometimes by ! sov]eign himself ?\ght unwor?y to h any *>ge1 or pref]m5t 9 w>4 ,if !reupon he accept duel1 consid]+ all m5 lawfully endeav\r to obta9 ! good op9ion ( !m t h ! sov]eign p[]1 he ought n 9 reason to be rigor\sly puni%$2 see+ "p ( ! fault may be dis*>g$ on ! puni%]3 :i* ,i say1 n z wi%+ lib]ty ( private rev5ges1 or any o!r k9d ( disob$i5ce2 b a c>e 9 gov]nors1 n to c\nt5ance any?+ obliquely1 :i* directly !y =bid4 ,! examples ( pr9ces1 to ^? t see !m1 are1 & ev] h be51 m pot5t to gov]n _! actions1 ?an ! laws !mselves4 ,& ?\gh x be our duty to d1 n :at !y d1 b :at !y say2 yet w t duty nev] be p]=m$1 till x please ,god to give m5 an extraord9>y1 & sup]natural grace to foll[ t precept4 ,sid5ote3 ,comp>ison ( crimes f _! effects4 ,aga91 if we comp>e crimes by ! mis*ief ( _! effects2 fir/1 ! same fact1 :5 x r$\nds to ! damage ( _m1 is great]1 ?an :5 x r$\nds to ! hurt ( few4 ,& !re=e1 :5 a fact hurte?1 n only 9 ! pres5t1 b also1 by example1 9 ! future1 x is a great] crime1 ?an if x hurt only 9 ! pres5t3 = ! =m]1 is a f]tile crime1 & multiplies to ! hurt ( _m2 ! latt] is b>r54 ,to ma9ta9 doctr9es contr>y to ! religion e/abli%$ 9 ! commonweal?1 is a great] fault1 9 an au?oriz$ prea*]1 ?an 9 a private p]son3 s also is x1 to live pr(anely1 incont95tly1 or d any irreligi\s act :atsoev]4 ,likewise 9 a pr(essor ( ! law1 to ma9ta9 any po9t1 or d any act1 t t5de? to ! weak5+ ( ! sov]eign p[]1 is a great] crime1 ?an 9 ano!r man3 also 9 a man t ha? su* reputation = wisdom1 z t 8 c\nsels are foll[$1 or 8 actions imitat$ by _m1 8 fact aga9/ ! law1 is a great] crime1 ?an ! same fact 9 ano!r3 = su* m5 n only commit crime1 b tea* x = law to all o!r m54 ,& g5]ally all crimes are ! great]1 by ! sc&al !y give2 t is to say1 by becom+ /umbl+-blocks to ! weak1 t look n s mu* ^u ! way !y g 91 z ^u ! light t o!r man c>ry be=e !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,lsa ,maje/as4 ,also facts ( ho/ility aga9/ ! pres5t /ate ( ! commonweal?1 are great] crimes1 ?an ! same acts done to private m53 = ! damage ext5ds itself to all3 su* are ! betray+ ( ! /r5g?s1 or reveal+ ( ! secrets ( ! commonweal? to an enemy2 also all attempts ^u ! repres5tative ( ! commonweal?1 be x a mon>*1 or an assembly2 & all endeav\rs by ^w1 or de$1 to dim9i% ! au?ority ( ! same1 ei!r 9 ! pres5t "t1 or 9 succession3 :i* crimes ! ,lat9s und]/& by crim9a ls maje/atis1 & consi/ 9 design1 or act1 contr>y to a fundam5tal law4 ,sid5ote3 ,brib]y & false te/imony4 ,likewise ^? crimes1 :i* r5d] judgm5ts ( no effect1 are great] crimes1 ?an injuries done to "o1 or a few p]sons2 z to receive money to give false judgm5t1 or te/imony1 is a great] crime1 ?an o!rwise to deceive a man ( ! l1 or a great] sum2 because n only he has wrong1 t falls by su* judgm5ts2 b all judgm5ts are r5d]$ useless1 & occasion m9i/]$ to =ce1 & private rev5ges4 ,sid5ote3 ,depeculation4 ,also robb]y1 & depeculation ( ! public treasure1 or rev5ues1 is a great] crime1 ?an ! robb+1 or defraud+ ( a private man2 because to rob ! public1 is to rob _m at once4 ,sid5ote3 ,c\nt]feit+ au?ority4 ,also ! c\nt]feit usurpation ( public m9i/ry1 ! c\nt]feit+ ( public seals or public co91 ?an c\nt]feit+ ( a private man's p]son1 or 8 seal2 because ! fraud !re(1 ext5de? to ! damage ( _m4 ,sid5ote3 ,crimes aga9/ private m5 comp>$4 ,( facts aga9/ ! law1 done to private m51 ! great] crime1 is t1 :]e ! damage 9 ! common op9ion ( m51 is mo/ s5sible4 ,& !re=e ,to kill aga9/ ! law1 is a great] crime1 ?an any o!r injury1 life pres]v$4 ,& to kill ) torm5t1 great]1 ?an simply to kill4 ,& mutilation ( a limb1 great]1 ?an ! spoil+ a man ( 8 goods4 ,& ! spoil+ a man ( 8 goods1 by t]ror ( dea?1 or w\nds1 ?an by cl&e/9e surreption4 ,& by cl&e/9e surreption1 ?an by cons5t fraudul5tly obta9$4 ,& ! violation ( *a/ity by =ce1 great]1 ?an by flatt]y4 ,& ( a woman m>ri$1 ?an ( a woman n m>ri$4 ,= all ^! ?+s are commonly s valu$3 ?\gh "s m5 are m1 & "s less s5sible ( ! same (f5ce4 ,b ! law reg>de? n ! p>ticul>1 b ! g5]al incl9ation ( mank9d4 ,& !re=e ! (f5ce m5 take1 f contumely1 9 words1 or ge/ure1 :5 !y produce no o!r h>m1 ?an ! pres5t grief ( him t is reproa*$1 ha? be5 neglect$ 9 ! laws ( ! ,greeks1 ,romans1 & o!r bo? anci5t & mod]n commonweal?s2 suppos+ ! true cause ( su* grief to consi/1 n 9 ! contumely1 :i* takes no hold ^u m5 consci\s ( _! own virtue1 b 9 ! pusillanimity ( him t is (f5d$ by x4 ,also a crime aga9/ a private man1 is mu* aggravat$ by ! p]son1 "t1 & place4 ,= to kill "o's p>5t1 is a great] crime1 ?an to kill ano!r3 = ! p>5t ought to h ! hon\r ( a sov]eign1 ?\gh he surr5d]$ 8 p[] to ! civil law2 because he _h x orig9ally by nature4 ,& to rob a poor man1 is a great] crime1 ?an to rob a ri* man2 because x is to ! poor a m s5sible damage4 ,& a crime committ$ 9 ! "t or place appo9t$ = devotion1 is great]1 ?an if committ$ at ano!r "t or place3 = x proce$s f a great] contempt ( ! law4 ,_m o!r cases ( aggravation1 & ext5uation might be add$3 b by ^! ,i h set d[n1 x is obvi\s to e man1 to take ! altitude ( any o!r crime propos$4 ,sid5ote3 ,public crimes :at4 ,la/ly1 because 9 almo/ all crimes !re is an injury done1 n only to "s private m51 b also to ! commonweal?2 ! same crime1 :5 ! accusation is 9 ! "n ( ! commonweal?1 is call$ public crime3 & :5 9 ! "n ( a private man1 a private crime2 & ! pleas accord+ !reunto call$ public1 judicia publica1 ,pleas ( ! ,cr[n2 or ,private ,pleas4 ,z 9 an accusation ( murd]1 if ! accus] be a private man1 ! plea is a ,private ,plea2 if ! accus] be ! sov]eign1 ! plea is a ,public ,plea4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,( ,,puni%m5ts ,,& ,,rew>ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,! def9ition ( puni%m5t4 ,a ,,puni%m5t1 is an evil inflict$ by public au?ority1 on him t ha? done1 or omitt$ t :i* is judg$ by ! same au?ority to be a transgression ( ! law2 to ! end t ! w ( m5 may !reby ! bett] be dispos$ to ob$i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,"r to puni% :5ce d]iv$3 ,be=e ,i inf] any ?+ f ?is def9ition1 !re is a "q to be answ]$1 ( mu* importance2 :i* is1 by :at door ! "r or au?ority ( puni%+ 9 any case1 came 94 ,= by t :i* has be5 said be=e1 no man is suppos$ b\nd by cov5ant1 n to resi/ viol5ce2 & consequ5tly x _c be int5d$1 t he gave any "r to ano!r to lay viol5t h&s ^u 8 p]son4 ,9 ! mak+ ( a commonweal?1 e man give? away ! "r ( def5d+ ano!r2 b n ( def5d+ himself4 ,also he oblige? himself1 to assi/ him t ha? ! sov]eignty1 9 ! puni%+ ( ano!r2 b ( himself n4 ,b to cov5ant to assi/ ! sov]eign1 9 do+ hurt to ano!r1 unless he t s cov5ante? h a "r to d x himself1 is n to give him a "r to puni%4 ,x is manife/ !re=e t ! "r :i* ! commonweal?1 t is1 he1 or !y t repres5t x1 ha? to puni%1 is n gr\nd$ on any concession1 or gift ( ! subjects4 ,b ,i h also %[$ =m]ly1 t be=e ! in/itution ( commonweal?1 e man _h a "r to e ?+1 & to d :atsoev] he ?\ght necess>y to 8 own pres]vation2 subdu+1 hurt+1 or kill+ any man 9 ord] !reunto4 ,& ?is is ! f\ndation ( t "r ( puni%+1 :i* is ex]cis$ 9 e commonweal?4 ,= ! subjects did n give ! sov]eign t "r2 b only 9 lay+ d[n !irs1 /r5g!n$ him to use 8 own1 z he %\ld ?9k fit1 = ! pres]vation ( !m all3 s t x 0 n giv51 b left to him1 & to him only2 & 7except+ ! limits set him by natural law7 z entire1 z 9 ! condition ( m]e nature1 & ( w> ( e "o aga9/ 8 neighb\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,private injuries rev5ges no puni%m5ts3 ,f ! def9ition ( puni%m5t1 ,i inf]1 fir/1 t nei!r private rev5ges1 nor injuries ( private m51 c prop]ly be /yl$ puni%m5t2 because !y proce$ n f public au?ority4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor d5ial ( pref]m5t3 ,secondly1 t to be neglect$1 & unpref]r$ by ! public fav\r1 is n a puni%m5t2 because no new evil is !reby on any man inflict$2 he is only left 9 ! e/ate he 0 9 be=e4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor pa9 inflict$ )\t public he>+2 ,?irdly1 t ! evil inflict$ by public au?ority1 )\t prec$5t public condemnation1 is n to be /yl$ by ! "n ( puni%m5t2 b ( an ho/ile act2 because ! fact = :i* a man is puni%$1 ought fir/ to be judg$ by public au?ority1 to be a transgression ( ! law4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor pa9 inflict$ by usurp$ p[]2 ,f\r?ly1 t ! evil inflict$ by usurp$ p[]1 & judges )\t au?ority f ! sov]eign1 is n puni%m5t2 b an act ( ho/ility2 because ! acts ( p[] usurp$1 h n = au?or1 ! p]son condemn$2 & !re=e are n acts ( public au?ority4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor pa9 inflict$ )\t respect to ! future good4 ,fif?ly1 t all evil :i* is inflict$ )\t int5tion1 or possibility ( dispos+ ! del9qu5t1 or1 by 8 example1 o!r m51 to obey ! laws1 is n puni%m5t2 b an act ( ho/ility3 because )\t su* an end1 no hurt done is conta9$ "u t "n4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural evil consequ5ces no puni%m5ts4 ,six?ly1 :]eas to c]ta9 actions1 !re be annex$ by nature1 div]s hurtful consequ5ces2 z :5 a man 9 assault+ ano!r1 is himself sla91 or w\nd$2 or :5 he falle? into sickness by ! do+ ( "s unlawful act2 su* hurt1 ?\gh 9 respect ( ,god1 :o is ! au?or ( nature1 x may be said to be inflict$1 & !re=e a puni%m5t div9e2 yet x is n conta9$ 9 ! "n ( puni%m5t 9 respect ( m51 because x is n inflict$ by ! au?ority ( man4 ,sid5ote3 ,hurt inflict$1 if less ?an ! b5efit ( transgress+1 is n puni%m5t4 ,sev5?ly1 if ! h>m inflict$ be less ?an ! b5efit1 or cont5tm5t t naturally foll[e? ! crime committ$1 t h>m is n )9 ! def9ition2 & is r ! price1 or r$emption1 ?an ! puni%m5t ( a crime3 because x is ( ! nature ( puni%m5t1 to h = end1 ! dispos+ ( m5 to obey ! law2 :i* end1 if x be less ?an ! b5efit ( ! transgression1 x atta9e? n1 b worke? a contr>y effect4 ,sid5ote3 ,:]e ! puni%m5t is annex$ to ! law1 a great] hurt is n puni%m5t1 b ho/ility4 ,eigh?ly1 if a puni%m5t be det]m9$ & prescrib$ 9 ! law itself1 & aft] ! crime committ$1 !re be a great] puni%m5t inflict$1 ! excess is n puni%m5t1 b an act ( ho/ility4 ,= see+ ! aim ( puni%m5t is n a rev5ge1 b t]ror2 & ! t]ror ( a great puni%m5t unkn[n1 is tak5 away by ! decl>ation ( a less1 ! unexpect$ addition is no "p ( ! puni%m5t4 ,b :]e !re is no puni%m5t at all det]m9$ by ! law1 !re :atsoev] is inflict$1 ha? ! nature ( puni%m5t4 ,= he t goes ab\t ! violation ( a law1 :]e9 no p5alty is det]m9$1 expecte? an indet]m9ate1 t is to say1 an arbitr>y puni%m5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,hurt inflict$ = a fact done be=e ! law1 no puni%m5t4 ,n9?ly1 h>m inflict$ = a fact done be=e !re 0 a law t =bade x1 is n puni%m5t1 b an act ( ho/ility3 = be=e ! law1 !re is no transgression ( ! law3 b puni%m5t suppose? a fact judg$1 to h be5 a transgression ( ! law2 !re=e h>m inflict$ be=e ! law made1 is n puni%m5t1 b an act ( ho/ility4 ,sid5ote3 ,! repres5tative ( ! commonweal? unpuni%able4 ,t5?ly1 hurt inflict$ on ! repres5tative ( ! commonweal?1 is n puni%m5t1 b an act ( ho/ility3 because x is ( ! nature ( puni%m5t1 to be inflict$ by public au?ority1 :i* is ! au?ority only ( ! repres5tative itself4 ,sid5ote3 ,hurt to revolt$ subjects is done by "r ( w>1 n by way ( puni%m5t4 ,la/ly1 h>m inflict$ ^u "o t is a decl>$ enemy1 falls n "u ! "n ( puni%m5t3 because see+ !y 7 ei!r nev] subject to ! law1 & !re=e _c transgress x2 or hav+ be5 subject to x1 & pr(ess+ to be no long] s1 by consequ5ce d5y !y c transgress x1 all ! h>ms t c be done !m1 mu/ be tak5 z acts ( ho/ility4 ,b 9 decl>$ ho/ility1 all infliction ( evil is lawful4 ,f :5ce x foll[e?1 t if a subject %all by fact1 or ^w1 witt+ly1 & delib]ately d5y ! au?ority ( ! repres5tative ( ! commonweal? 7:atsoev] p5alty ha? be5 =m]ly orda9$ = treason7 he may lawfully be made to suff] :atsoev] ! repres5tative w4 ,= 9 d5y+ subjection1 he d5ies su* puni%m5t z by ! law ha? be5 orda9$2 & !re=e suff]s z an enemy ( ! commonweal?2 t is1 accord+ to ! w ( ! repres5tative4 ,= ! puni%m5ts set d[n 9 ! law1 are to subjects1 n to enemies2 su* z are !y1 t hav+ be5 by _! own acts subjects1 delib]ately revolt+1 d5y ! sov]eign p[]4 ,! fir/1 & mo/ g5]al di/ribution ( puni%m5ts1 is into div9e1 & human4 ,( ! =m] ,i %all h occasion to speak1 9 a m conv5i5t place h]eaft]4 ,human1 are ^? puni%m5ts t be inflict$ by ! comm&m5t ( man2 & are ei!r corporal1 or pecuni>y1 or ignom9y1 or imprisonm5t1 or exile1 or mix$ ( ^!4 ,sid5ote3 ,puni%m5ts corporal4 ,corporal puni%m5t is t1 :i* is inflict$ on ! body directly1 & accord+ to ! int5tion ( him t inflicte? x3 su* z are /ripes1 or w\nds1 or deprivation ( su* pleasures ( ! body1 z 7 be=e lawfully enjoy$4 ,sid5ote3 ,capital4 ,& ( ^!1 "s be capital1 "s less ?an capital4 ,capital1 is ! infliction ( dea?2 & t ei!r simply1 or ) torm5t4 ,less ?an capital1 are /ripes1 w\nds1 *a9s1 & any o!r corporal pa91 n 9 its own nature mortal4 ,= if ^u ! infliction ( a puni%m5t dea? foll[ n 9 ! int5tion ( ! inflictor1 ! puni%m5t is n to be e/eem$ capital1 ?\gh ! h>m prove mortal by an accid5t n to be =ese52 9 :i* case dea? is n inflict$1 b ha/5$4 ,pecuni>y puni%m5t1 is t :i* consi/e? n only 9 ! deprivation ( a sum ( money1 b also ( l&s1 or any o!r goods :i* are usually b\ght & sold = money4 ,& 9 case ! law1 t orda9e? su* a puni%m5t1 be made ) design to ga!r money1 f su* z %all transgress ! same1 x is n prop]ly a puni%m5t1 b ! price ( privilege & exemption f ! law1 :i* do? n absolutely =bid ! fact1 b only to ^? t are n able to pay ! money3 except :]e ! law is natural1 or "p ( religion2 = 9 t case x is n an exemption f ! law1 b a transgression ( x4 ,z :]e a law exacte? a pecuni>y mulct1 ( !m t take ! "n ( ,god 9 va91 ! paym5t ( ! mulct1 is n ! price ( a disp5sation to swe>1 b ! puni%m5t ( ! transgression ( a law indisp5sable4 ,9 l mann] if ! law impose a sum ( money to be paid1 to him t has be5 injur$2 ?is is b a satisfaction = ! hurt done him2 & ext+ui%e? ! accusation ( ! p>ty injur$1 n ! crime ( ! (f5d]4 ,sid5ote3 ,ignom9y4 ,ignom9y1 is ! infliction ( su* evil1 z is made di%on\rable2 or ! deprivation ( su* good1 z is made hon\rable by ! commonweal?4 ,= !re be "s ?+s hon\rable by nature2 z ! effects ( c\rage1 magnanimity1 /r5g?1 wisdom1 & o!r abilities ( body & m9d3 o!rs made hon\rable by ! commonweal?2 z badges1 titles1 (fices1 or any o!r s+ul> m>k ( ! sov]eign's fav\r4 ,! =m]1 ?\gh !y may fail by nature1 or accid5t1 _c be tak5 away by a law2 & !re=e ! loss ( !m is n puni%m5t4 ,b ! latt]1 may be tak5 away by ! public au?ority t made !m hon\rable1 & are prop]ly puni%m5ts3 su* are degrad+ m5 condemn$1 ( _! badges1 titles1 & (fices2 or decl>+ !m incapable ( ! l 9 "t to come4 ,sid5ote3 ,imprisonm5t4 ,imprisonm5t1 is :5 a man is by public au?ority depriv$ ( lib]ty2 & may happ5 f two div]s ends2 :]e( "o is ! safe cu/ody ( a man accus$2 ! o!r is ! inflict+ ( pa9 on a man condemn$4 ,! =m] is n puni%m5t2 because no man is suppos$ to be puni%$1 be=e he be judicially he>d1 & decl>$ guilty4 ,& !re=e :atsoev] hurt a man is made to suff] by bonds1 or re/ra9t1 be=e 8 cause be he>d1 ov] & above t :i* is necess>y to assure 8 cu/ody1 is aga9/ ! law ( nature4 ,b ! latt] is puni%m5t1 because evil1 & inflict$ by public au?ority1 = some:at t has by ! same au?ority be5 judg$ a transgression ( ! law4 ,"u ?is ^w imprisonm5t1 ,i compreh5d all re/ra9t ( motion1 caus$ by an ext]nal ob/acle1 be x a h\se1 :i* is call$ by ! g5]al "n ( a prison2 or an isl&1 z :5 m5 are said to be conf9$ to x2 or a place :]e m5 are set to "w1 z 9 old "t m5 h be5 condemn$ to qu>ries1 & 9 ^! times to galleys2 or be x a *a91 or any o!r su* imp$im5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,exile4 ,exile 7bani%m5t7 is :5 a man is = a crime1 condemn$ to dep>t out ( ! dom9ion ( ! commonweal?1 or out ( a c]ta9 "p !re(3 & dur+ a prefix$ "t1 or = ev]1 n to return into x3 & seeme? n 9 its own nature1 )\t o!r circum/ances1 to be a puni%m5t2 b r an escape1 or a public comm&m5t to avoid puni%m5t by flight4 ,& ,cic]o says1 !re 0 nev] any su* puni%m5t orda9$ 9 ! city ( ,rome2 b calls x a refuge ( m5 9 dang]4 ,= if a man bani%$1 be nev]!less p]mitt$ to enjoy 8 goods1 & ! rev5ue ( 8 l&s1 ! m]e *ange ( air is no puni%m5t1 nor does x t5d to t b5efit ( ! commonweal?1 = :i* all puni%m5ts are orda9$1 t is to say1 to ! =m+ ( m5's wills to ! obs]vation ( ! law2 b _m times to ! damage ( ! commonweal?4 ,= a bani%$ man1 is a lawful enemy ( ! commonweal? t bani%$ him2 z be+ no m a memb] ( ! same4 ,b if he be )al depriv$ ( 8 l&s1 or goods1 !n ! puni%m5t lie? n 9 ! exile1 b is to be reckon$ among/ puni%m5ts pecuni>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,! puni%m5t ( innoc5t subjects is contr>y to ! law ( nature4 ,all puni%m5ts ( innoc5t subjects1 be !y great or little1 are aga9/ ! law ( nature2 = puni%m5t is only = transgression ( ! law1 & !re=e !re c be no puni%m5t ( ! innoc5t4 ,x is !re=e a violation1 fir/1 ( t law ( nature1 :i* =bidde? all m51 9 _! rev5ges1 to look at any?+ b "s future good3 = !re c arrive no good to ! commonweal?1 by puni%+ ! innoc5t4 ,secondly1 ( t1 :i* =bidde? +ratitude3 = see+ all sov]eign p[]1 is orig9ally giv5 by ! cons5t ( e "o ( ! subjects1 to ! end !y %\ld z long z !y are ob$i5t1 be protect$ !reby2 ! puni%m5t ( ! innoc5t1 is a r5d]+ ( evil = good4 ,& ?irdly1 ( ! law t comm&e? equity2 t is to say1 an equal di/ribution ( ju/ice2 :i* 9 puni%+ ! innoc5t is n obs]v$4 ,sid5ote3 ,b ! h>m done to innoc5ts 9 w> n s4 ,b ! infliction ( :at evil soev]1 on an innoc5t man1 t is n a subject1 if x be = ! b5efit ( ! commonweal?1 & )\t violation ( any =m] cov5ant1 is no brea* ( ! law ( nature4 ,= all m5 t are n subjects1 are ei!r enemies1 or else !y h ceas$ f be+ s by "s prec$5t cov5ants4 ,b aga9/ enemies1 :om ! commonweal? judge? capable to d !m hurt1 x is lawful by ! orig9al "r ( nature to make w>2 :]e9 ! sword judge? n1 nor do? ! victor make di/9ction ( noc5t1 & innoc5t1 z to ! "t pa/ nor has o!r respect ( m]cy1 ?an z x conduce? to ! good ( 8 own p4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor t :i* is done to decl>$ rebels4 ,& ^u ?is gr\nd x is1 t also 9 subjects1 :o delib]ately d5y ! au?ority ( ! commonweal? e/abli%$1 ! v5geance is lawfully ext5d$1 n only to ! fa!rs1 b also to ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ation n yet 9 be+1 & consequ5tly innoc5t ( ! fact1 = :i* !y are afflict$3 because ! nature ( ?is (f5ce1 consi/e? 9 ! r5\nc+ ( subjection2 :i* is a relapse into ! condition ( w>1 commonly call$ rebellion2 & !y t s (f5d1 suff] n z subjects1 b z enemies4 ,= rebellion1 is b w> r5ew$4 ,sid5ote3 ,rew>d is ei!r sal>y or grace4 ,,rew>d1 is ei!r ( gift1 or by contract4 ,:5 by contract1 x is call$ sal>y1 & wages2 :i* is b5efit due = s]vice p]=m$1 or promis$4 ,:5 ( gift1 x is b5efit proce$+ f ! grace ( !m t be/[ x1 to enc\rage1 or enable m5 to d !m s]vice4 ,& !re=e :5 ! sov]eign ( a commonweal? appo9te? a sal>y to any public (fice1 he t receive? x1 is b\nd 9 ju/ice to p]=m 8 (fice2 o!rwise1 he is b\nd only 9 hon\r1 to ackn[l$gm5t1 & an endeav\r ( requital4 ,= ?\gh m5 h no lawful rem$y1 :5 !y be comm&$ to quit _! private bus9ess1 to s]ve ! public1 )\t rew>d or sal>y2 yet !y are n b\nd !reto1 by ! law ( nature1 nor by ! in/itution ( ! commonweal?1 unless ! s]vice _c o!rwise be done2 because x is suppos$ ! sov]eign may make use ( all _! means1 insomu* z ! mo/ common soldi]1 may dem& ! wages ( 8 w>f>e1 z a debt4 ,sid5ote3 ,b5efits be/[$ = fe> are n rew>ds4 ,! b5efit :i* a sov]eign be/[e? on a subject1 = fe> ( "s p[] & ability he ha? to d hurt to ! commonweal?1 are n prop]ly rew>ds2 = !y are n sal>ies2 because !re is 9 ?is case no contract suppos$1 e man be+ oblig$ already n to d ! commonweal? diss]vice3 nor are !y graces2 because !y be extort$ by fe>1 :i* ought n to be incid5t to ! sov]eign p[]3 b are r sacrifices1 :i* ! sov]eign1 consid]$ 9 8 natural p]son1 & n 9 ! p]son ( ! commonweal?1 makes1 = ! appeas+ ! discont5t ( him he ?9ks m pot5t ?an himself2 & enc\rage n to ob$i5ce1 b on ! contr>y1 to ! cont9uance1 & increas+ ( fur!r extortion4 ,sid5ote3 ,sal>ies c]ta9 & casual4 ,& :]eas "s sal>ies are c]ta91 & proce$ f ! public treasure2 & o!rs unc]ta91 & casual1 proce$+ f ! execution ( ! (fice = :i* ! sal>y is orda9$2 ! latt] is 9 "s cases hurtful to ! commonweal?2 z 9 ! case ( judicature4 ,= :]e ! b5efit ( ! judges1 & m9i/]s ( a c\rt ( ju/ice arise? f ! multitude ( causes t are br\ght to _! cognizance1 !re mu/ ne$s foll[ two inconv5i5ces3 "o1 is ! n\ri%+ ( suits2 = ! m suits1 ! great] b5efit3 & ano!r t dep5ds on t1 :i* is cont5tion ab\t jurisdiction2 ea* c\rt draw+ to itself1 z _m causes z x c4 ,b 9 (fices ( execution !re are n ^? inconv5i5ces2 because _! employm5t _c be increas$ by any endeav\r ( _! own4 ,& ?us mu* %all suffice = ! nature ( puni%m5t & rew>d2 :i* are1 z x 71 ! n]ves & t5dons1 t move ! limbs & jo9ts ( a commonweal?4 ,hi!rto ,i h set =? ! nature ( man1 ^: pride & o!r passions h compell$ him to submit himself to gov]nm5t3 toge!r ) ! great p[] ( 8 gov]nor1 :om ,i comp>$ to ,levia?an1 tak+ t comp>ison out ( ! two la/ v]ses ( ! "o-&-=tie? ( ,job2 :]e ,god hav+ set =? ! great p[] ( ,levia?an1 calle? him k+ ( ! pr\d4 ,!re is no?+1 sai? he1 on e>?1 to be comp>$ ) him4 ,he is made s z n to be afraid4 ,he see? e high ?+ bel[ him2 & is k+ ( all ! *ildr5 ( pride4 ,b because he is mortal1 & subject to decay1 z all o!r e>?ly creatures are2 & because !re is t 9 heav51 ?\gh n on e>?1 t he %\ld /& 9 fe> (1 & ^: laws he ought to obey2 ,i %all 9 ! next foll[+ *apt]s speak ( 8 diseases1 & ! causes ( 8 mortality2 & ( :at laws ( nature he is b\nd to obey4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,( ,,^? ,,?+s ,,t ,,weak51 ,,or ,,t5d ,,to ,,! ,,dissolution ,,( ,a ,,commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,dissolution ( commonweal?s proce$e? f _! imp]fect in/itution4 ,?\gh no?+ c be immortal1 :i* mortals make2 yet1 if m5 _h ! use ( reason !y pret5d to1 _! commonweal?s might be secur$1 at lea/ f p]i%+ by int]nal diseases4 ,= by ! nature ( _! in/itution1 !y are design$ to live1 z long z mank9d1 or z ! laws ( nature1 or z ju/ice itself1 :i* gives !m life4 ,!re=e :5 !y come to be dissolv$1 n by ext]nal viol5ce1 b inte/9e disord]1 ! fault is n 9 m51 z !y are ! matt]2 b z !y are ! mak]s1 & ord]]s ( !m4 ,= m51 z !y become at la/ we>y ( irregul> jo/l+1 & hew+ "o ano!r1 & desire ) all _! he>ts1 to con=m !mselves into "o firm & la/+ edifice3 s = want1 bo? ( ! art ( mak+ fit laws1 to squ>e _! actions by1 & also ( humility1 & pati5ce1 to suff] ! rude & cumb]some po9ts ( _! pres5t greatness to be tak5 (f1 !y _c )\t ! help ( a v able ar*itect1 be compil$ into any o!r ?an a crazy build+1 su* z h>dly la/+ out _! own "t1 mu/ assur$ly fall ^u ! heads ( _! po/]ity4 ,among/ ! infirmities !re=e ( a commonweal?1 ,i w reckon 9 ! fir/ place1 ^? t arise f an imp]fect in/itution1 & resemble ! diseases ( a natural body1 :i* proce$ f a defectu\s procreation4 ,sid5ote3 ,want ( absolute p[]4 ,( :i*1 ?is is "o1 t a man to obta9 a k+dom1 is sometimes cont5t ) less p[]1 ?an to ! peace1 & def5ce ( ! commonweal? is necess>ily requir$4 ,f :5ce x come? to pass1 t :5 ! ex]cise ( ! p[] laid by1 is = ! public safety to be resum$1 x ha? ! resemblance ( an unju/ act2 :i* dispose? great numb]s ( m51 :5 occasion is pres5t$1 to rebel2 9 ! same mann] z ! bodies ( *ildr51 gott5 by diseas$ p>5ts1 are subject ei!r to untimely dea?1 or to purge ! ill quality1 d]iv$ f _! vici\s conception1 by break+ out into biles & scabs4 ,& :5 k+s d5y !mselves "s su* necess>y p[]1 x is n always1 ?\gh sometimes1 out ( ignorance ( :at is necess>y to ! (fice !y und]take2 b _m times out ( a hope to recov] ! same aga9 at _! pleasure4 ,:]e9 !y reason n well2 because su* z w hold !m to _! promises1 %all be ma9ta9$ aga9/ !m by =eign commonweal?s2 :o 9 ord] to ! good ( _! own subjects let slip few occasions to weak5 ! e/ate ( _! neighb\rs4 ,s 0 ,?omas ,becket1 ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 support$ aga9/ ,h5ry ! ,second1 by ! ,pope2 ! subjection ( ecclesia/ics to ! commonweal?1 hav+ be5 disp5s$ ) by ,william ! ,conqu]or at 8 reception1 :5 he took an oa?1 n to infr+e ! lib]ty ( ! *ur*4 ,& s 7 ! b>ons1 ^: p[] 0 by ,william ,rufus1 to h _! help 9 transf]r+ ! succession f 8 eld] bro!r to himself1 increas$ to a degree inconsi/5t ) ! sov]eign p[]1 ma9ta9$ 9 _! rebellion aga9/ k+ ,john1 by ! ,fr5*4 ,nor does ?is happ5 9 mon>*y only4 ,= :]eas ! /yle ( ! anci5t ,roman commonweal?1 01 ! s5ate & p ( ,rome2 nei!r s5ate1 nor p pret5d$ to ! :ole p[]2 :i* fir/ caus$ ! s$itions1 ( ,tib]ius ,grac*us1 ,caius ,grac*us1 ,lucius ,saturn9us1 & o!rs2 & aft]w>ds ! w>s betwe5 ! s5ate & ! p1 "u ,m>ius & ,sylla2 & aga9 "u ,pompey & ,cs>1 to ! ext9ction ( _! democracy1 & ! sett+ up ( mon>*y4 ,! p ( ,a!ns b\nd !mselves b f "o only action2 :i* 01 t no man on pa9 ( dea? %\ld prop\nd ! r5ew+ ( ! w> = ! isl& ( ,salamis2 & yet !reby1 if ,solon _h n caus$ to be giv5 out he 0 mad1 & aft]w>ds 9 ge/ure & habit ( a madman1 & 9 v]se1 prop\nd$ x to ! p t flock$ ab\t him1 !y _h _h an enemy p]petually 9 read9ess1 ev5 at ! gates ( _! city2 su* damage1 or %ifts1 are all commonweal?s =c$ to1 t h _! p[] nev] s little limit$4 ,sid5ote3 ,private judgm5t ( good & evil4 ,9 ! second place1 ,i obs]ve ! diseases ( a commonweal?1 t proce$ f ! poison ( s$iti\s doctr9es1 :]e( "o is1 ,t e private man is judge ( good & evil actions4 ,?is is true 9 ! condition ( m]e nature1 :]e !re are no civil laws2 & also "u civil gov]nm5t1 9 su* cases z are n det]m9$ by ! law4 ,b o!rwise1 x is manife/1 t ! measure ( good & evil actions1 is ! civil law2 & ! judge ! legislator1 :o is always repres5tative ( ! commonweal?4 ,f ?is false doctr9e1 m5 are dispos$ to debate ) !mselves1 & dispute ! comm&s ( ! commonweal?2 & aft]w>ds to obey1 or disobey !m1 z 9 _! private judgm5ts !y %all ?9k fit2 :]eby ! commonweal? is di/ract$ & weak5$4 ,sid5ote3 ,errone\s consci5ce4 ,ano!r doctr9e repugnant to civil society1 is1 t :atsoev] a man does aga9/ 8 consci5ce1 is s92 & x dep5de? on ! presumption ( mak+ himself judge ( good & evil4 ,= a man's consci5ce1 & 8 judgm5t is ! same ?+1 & z ! judgm5t1 s also ! consci5ce may be errone\s4 ,!re=e1 ?\gh he t is subject to no civil law1 s9ne? 9 all he does aga9/ 8 consci5ce1 because he has no o!r rule to foll[ b 8 own reason2 yet x is n s ) him t lives 9 a commonweal?2 because ! law is ! public consci5ce1 by :i* he ha? already und]tak5 to be guid$4 ,o!rwise 9 su* div]sity1 z !re is ( private consci5ces1 :i* are b private op9ions1 ! commonweal? mu/ ne$s be di/ract$1 & no man d>e to obey ! sov]eign p[]1 fur!r ?an x %all seem good 9 8 own eyes4 ,sid5ote3 ,pret5ce ( inspiration4 ,x ha? be5 also commonly taught1 t fai? & sanctity1 are n to be atta9$ by /udy & reason1 b by sup]natural inspiration1 or infusion4 ,:i* grant$1 ,i see n :y any man %\ld r5d] a reason ( 8 fai?2 or :y e ,*ri/ian %\ld n be also a prophet2 or :y any man %\ld take ! law ( 8 c\ntry1 r ?an 8 own inspiration1 = ! rule ( 8 action4 ,& ?us we fall aga9 9 ! fault ( tak+ ^u u to judge ( good & evil2 or to make judges ( x1 su* private m5 z pret5d to be sup]naturally inspir$1 to ! dissolution ( all civil gov]nm5t4 ,fai? comes by he>+1 & he>+ by ^? accid5ts1 :i* guide u into ! pres5ce ( !m t speak to u2 :i* accid5ts are all contriv$ by ,god ,almighty2 & yet are n sup]natural1 b only1 = ! great numb] ( !m t concur to e effect1 unobs]vable4 ,fai? & sanctity1 are inde$ n v frequ5t2 b yet !y are n miracles1 b br\ght to pass by education1 discipl9e1 correction1 & o!r natural ways1 by :i* ,god worke? !m 9 8 elect1 at su* times z he ?9ke? fit4 ,& ^! ?ree op9ions1 p]nici\s to peace & gov]nm5t1 h 9 ?is "p ( ! _w1 proce$$ *iefly f ! tongues1 & p5s ( unle>n$ div9es1 :o jo9+ ! words ( ,holy ,scripture toge!r1 o!rwise ?an is agreeable to reason1 d :at !y c1 to make m5 ?9k1 t sanctity & natural reason1 _c /& toge!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,subject+ ! sov]eign p[] to civil laws4 ,a f\r? op9ion1 repugnant to ! nature ( a commonweal?1 is ?is1 t he t ha? ! sov]eign p[] is subject to ! civil laws4 ,x is true1 t sov]eigns are all subject to ! laws ( nature2 because su* laws be div9e1 & _c by any man1 or commonweal? be abrogat$4 ,b to ^? laws :i* ! sov]eign himself1 t is1 :i* ! commonweal? make?1 he is n subject4 ,= to be subject to laws1 is to be subject to ! commonweal?1 t is to ! sov]eign repres5tative1 t is to himself2 :i* is n subjection1 b fre$om f ! laws4 ,:i* error1 because x sette? ! laws above ! sov]eign1 sette? also a judge above him1 & a p[] to puni% him2 :i* is to make a new sov]eign2 & aga9 = ! same reason a ?ird1 to puni% ! second2 & s cont9ually )\t end1 to ! confusion1 & dissolution ( ! commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,attribut+ ( absolute propriety to subjects4 ,a fif? doctr9e1 t t5de? to ! dissolution ( a commonweal?1 is1 t e private man has an absolute propriety 9 8 goods2 su*1 z exclude? ! "r ( ! sov]eign4 ,e man has inde$ a propriety t excludes ! "r ( e o!r subject3 & he has x only f ! sov]eign p[]2 )\t ! protection :]e(1 e o!r man %\ld h equal "r to ! same4 ,b if ! "r ( ! sov]eign also be exclud$1 he _c p]=m ! (fice !y h put him into2 :i* is1 to def5d !m bo? f =eign enemies1 & f ! injuries ( "o ano!r2 & consequ5tly !re is no long] a commonweal?4 ,& if ! propriety ( subjects1 exclude n ! "r ( ! sov]eign repres5tative to _! goods2 mu* less to _! (fices ( judicature1 or execution1 9 :i* !y repres5t ! sov]eign himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,divid+ ( ! sov]eign p[]4 ,!re is a six? doctr9e1 pla9ly1 & directly aga9/ ! ess5ce ( a commonweal?2 & x is ?is1 t ! sov]eign p[] may be divid$4 ,= :at is x to divide ! p[] ( a commonweal?1 b to dissolve x2 = p[]s divid$ mutually de/roy ea* o!r4 ,& = ^! doctr9es1 m5 are *iefly behold+ to "s ( ^?1 t mak+ pr(ession ( ! laws1 endeav\r to make !m dep5d ^u _! own le>n+1 & n ^u ! legislative p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,imitation ( neighb\r nations4 ,& z false doctr9e1 s also (t5times ! example ( diff]5t gov]nm5t 9 a neighb\r+ nation1 dispose? m5 to alt]ation ( ! =m already settl$4 ,s ! p ( ! ,jews 7 /irr$ up to reject ,god1 & to call ^u ! prophet ,samuel1 = a k+ aft] ! mann] ( ! nations3 s also ! less] cities ( ,greece1 7 cont9ually di/urb$1 ) s$itions ( ! ari/ocratical1 & democratical factions2 "o "p ( almo/ e commonweal?1 desir+ to imitate ! ,lac$emonians2 ! o!r1 ! ,a!nians4 ,& ,i d\bt n1 b _m m5 h be5 cont5t$ to see ! late tr\bles 9 ,engl&1 out ( an imitation ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries2 suppos+ !re ne$$ no m to gr[ ri*1 ?an to *ange1 z !y _h done1 ! =m ( _! gov]nm5t4 ,= ! con/itution ( man's nature1 is ( itself subject to desire novelty4 ,:5 !re=e !y are provok$ to ! same1 by ! neighb\rhood also ( ^? t h be5 enri*$ by x1 x is almo/ impossible = !m1 n to be cont5t ) ^? t solicit !m to *ange2 & love ! fir/ beg9n+s1 ?\gh !y be griev$ ) ! cont9uance ( disord]2 l hot bloods1 t hav+ gott5 ! it*1 te> !mselves ) _! own nails1 till !y c endure ! sm>t no long]4 ,sid5ote3 ,imitation ( ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,& z to rebellion 9 p>ticul> aga9/ mon>*y2 "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t causes ( x1 is ! read+ ( ! books ( policy1 & hi/ories ( ! anci5t ,greeks1 & ,romans2 f :i*1 "y m51 & all o!rs t are unprovid$ ( ! antidote ( solid reason1 receiv+ a /rong1 & delightful impression1 ( ! great exploits ( w>1 a*iev$ by ! conductors ( _! armies1 receive )al a pleas+ idea1 ( all !y h done besides2 & imag9e _! great prosp]ity1 n to h proce$$ f ! emulation ( p>ticul> m51 b f ! virtue ( _! popul> =m ( gov]nm5t3 n consid]+ ! frequ5t s$itions1 & civil w>s1 produc$ by ! imp]fection ( _! policy4 ,f ! read+1 ,i say1 ( su* books1 m5 h und]tak5 to kill _! k+s1 because ! ,greek & ,lat9 writ]s1 9 _! books1 & disc\rses ( policy1 make x lawful1 & laudable1 = any man s to d2 provid$1 be=e he d x1 he call him tyrant4 ,= !y say n regicide1 t is1 kill+ a k+1 b tyrannicide1 t is1 kill+ ( a tyrant is lawful4 ,f ! same books1 !y t live "u a mon>* conceive an op9ion1 t ! subjects 9 a popul> commonweal? enjoy lib]ty2 b t 9 a mon>*y !y are all slaves4 ,i say1 !y t live "u a mon>*y conceive su* an op9ion2 n !y t live "u a popul> gov]nm5t3 = !y f9d no su* matt]4 ,9 sum1 ,i _c imag9e1 h[ any?+ c be m prejudicial to a mon>*y1 ?an ! all[+ ( su* books to be publicly read1 )\t pres5t apply+ su* correctives ( discreet ma/]s1 z are fit to take away _! v5om3 :i* v5om ,i w n d\bt to comp>e to ! bit+ ( a mad dog1 :i* is a disease ! physicians call hydrophobia1 or fe> ( wat]4 ,= z he t is s bitt51 has a cont9ual torm5t ( ?ir/1 & yet abhorre? wat]2 & is 9 su* an e/ate1 z if ! poison endeav\r$ to conv]t him into a dog3 s :5 a mon>*y is once bitt5 to ! quick1 by ^? democratical writ]s1 t cont9ually sn>l at t e/ate2 x wante? no?+ m ?an a /rong mon>*1 :i* nev]!less out ( a c]ta9 tyrannophobia1 or fe> ( be+ /rongly gov]n$1 :5 !y h him1 !y abhor4 ,sid5ote3 ,! op9ion t !re be m sov]eigns ?an "o 9 ! commonweal?4 ,z !re h be5 doctors1 t hold !re be ?ree s\ls 9 a man2 s !re be also t ?9k !re may be m s\ls1 t is1 m sov]eigns1 ?an "o1 9 a commonweal?2 & set up a supremacy aga9/ ! sov]eignty2 canons aga9/ laws2 & a gho/ly au?ority aga9/ ! civil2 work+ on m5's m9ds1 ) words & di/9ctions1 t ( !mselves signify no?+1 b bewray by _! obscurity2 t !re walke?1 z "s ?9k1 invisibly ano!r k+dom1 z x 7 a k+dom ( fairies1 9 ! d>k4 ,n[ see+ x is manife/1 t ! civil p[]1 & ! p[] ( ! commonweal? is ! same ?+2 & t supremacy1 & ! p[] ( mak+ canons1 & grant+ faculties1 implie? a commonweal?2 x foll[e?1 t :]e "o is sov]eign1 ano!r supreme2 :]e "o c make laws1 & ano!r make canons2 !re mu/ ne$s be two commonweal?s1 ( "o & ! same subjects2 :i* is a k+dom divid$ 9 itself1 & _c /&4 ,= not)/&+ ! insignificant di/9ction ( temporal1 & gho/ly1 !y are /ill two k+doms1 & e subject is subject to two ma/]s4 ,= see+ ! gho/ly p[] *all5ge? ! "r to decl>e :at is s91 x *all5ge? by consequ5ce to decl>e :at is law1 s9 be+ no?+ b ! transgression ( ! law2 & aga91 ! civil p[] *all5g+ to decl>e :at is law1 e subject mu/ obey two ma/]s1 :o bo? w h _! comm&s be obs]v$ z law2 :i* is impossible4 ,or1 if x be b "o k+dom1 ei!r ! civil1 :i* is ! p[] ( ! commonweal?1 mu/ be subord9ate to ! gho/ly1 & !n !re is no sov]eignty b ! gho/ly2 or ! gho/ly mu/ be subord9ate to ! temporal1 & !n !re is no supremacy b ! temporal4 ,:5 !re=e ^! two p[]s oppose "o ano!r1 ! commonweal? _c b be 9 great dang] ( civil w> & dissolution4 ,= ! civil au?ority be+ m visible1 & /&+ 9 ! cle>] light ( natural reason1 _c *oose b draw to x 9 all times a v consid]able "p ( ! p3 & ! spiritual1 ?\gh x /& 9 ! d>kness ( ,s*ool di/9ctions1 & h>d words1 yet because ! fe> ( d>kness & gho/s1 is great] ?an o!r fe>s1 _c want a p>ty suffici5t to tr\ble1 & sometimes to de/roy a commonweal?4 ,& ?is is a disease :i* n unfitly may be comp>$ to ! epilepsy1 or fall+ sickness1 :i* ! ,jews took to be "o k9d ( possession by spirits1 9 ! body natural4 ,= z 9 ?is disease1 !re is an unnatural _s1 or w9d 9 ! head t ob/ructe? ! roots ( ! n]ves1 & mov+ !m viol5tly1 take? away ! motion :i* naturally !y %\ld h f ! p[] ( ! s\l 9 ! bra91 & !reby cause? viol5t1 & irregul> motions1 :i* m5 call convulsions1 9 ! p>ts2 insomu* z he t is seiz$ !re)1 falle? d[n sometimes into ! wat]1 & sometimes into ! fire1 z a man depriv$ ( 8 s5ses2 s also 9 ! body politic1 :5 ! spiritual p[]1 move? ! memb]s ( a commonweal?1 by ! t]ror ( puni%m5ts1 & hope ( rew>ds1 :i* are ! n]ves ( x1 o!rwise ?an by ! civil p[]1 :i* is ! s\l ( ! commonweal?1 !y ought to be mov$2 & by /range1 & h>d words suffocates _! und]/&+1 x mu/ ne$s !reby di/ract ! p1 & ei!r ov]:elm ! commonweal? ) oppression1 or ca/ x into ! fire ( a civil w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,mix$ gov]nm5t4 ,sometimes also 9 ! m]ely civil gov]nm5t1 !re be m ?an "o s\l2 z :5 ! p[] ( levy+ money1 :i* is ! nutritive faculty1 has dep5d$ on a g5]al assembly2 ! p[] ( conduct & comm&1 :i* is ! motive faculty1 on "o man2 & ! p[] ( mak+ laws1 :i* is ! rational faculty1 on ! accid5tal cons5t1 n only ( ^? two1 b also ( a ?ird2 ?is endang]e? ! commonweal?1 sometimes = want ( cons5t to good laws2 b mo/ (t5 = want ( su* n\ri%m5t1 z is necess>y to life1 & motion4 ,= al?\gh few p]ceive1 t su* gov]nm5t1 is n gov]nm5t1 b division ( ! commonweal? into ?ree factions1 & call x mix$ mon>*y2 yet ! tru? is1 t x is n "o indep5d5t commonweal?1 b ?ree indep5d5t factions2 nor "o repres5tative p]son1 b ?ree4 ,9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 !re may be ?ree p]sons indep5d5t1 )\t brea* ( unity 9 ,god t reigne?2 b :]e m5 reign1 t be subject to div]sity ( op9ions1 x _c be s4 ,& !re=e if ! k+ be> ! p]son ( ! p1 & ! g5]al assembly be> also ! p]son ( ! p1 & ano!r assembly be> ! p]son ( a "p ( ! p1 !y are n "o p]son1 nor "o sov]eign1 b ?ree p]sons1 & ?ree sov]eigns4 ,to :at disease 9 ! natural body ( man1 ,i may exactly comp>e ?is irregul>ity ( a commonweal?1 ,i "k n4 ,b ,i h se5 a man1 t _h ano!r man gr[+ out ( 8 side1 ) a head1 arms1 brea/1 & /oma*1 ( 8 own3 if he _h _h ano!r man gr[+ out ( 8 o!r side1 ! comp>ison might !n h be5 exact4 ,sid5ote3 ,want ( money4 ,hi!rto ,i h nam$ su* diseases ( a commonweal?1 z are ( ! greate/1 & mo/ pres5t dang]4 ,!re be o!r n s great2 :i* nev]!less are n unfit to be obs]v$4 ,z fir/1 ! difficulty ( rais+ money1 = ! necess>y uses ( ! commonweal?2 especially 9 ! approa* ( w>4 ,?is difficulty arise? f ! op9ion1 t e subject ha? a propriety 9 8 l&s & goods1 exclusive ( ! sov]eign's "r to ! use ( ! same4 ,f :5ce x come? to pass1 t ! sov]eign p[]1 :i* =esee? ! necessities & dang]s ( ! commonweal?1 f9d+ ! passage ( money to ! public treasury ob/ruct$1 by ! t5acity ( ! p1 :]eas x ought to ext5d itself1 to enc\nt]1 & prev5t su* dang]s 9 _! beg9n+s1 contracte? itself z long z x c1 & :5 x _c long]1 /ruggles ) ! p by /ratagems ( law1 to obta9 little sums1 :i* n suffic+1 he is fa9 at la/ viol5tly to op5 ! way = pres5t supply1 or p]i%2 & be+ put (t5 to ^! extremities1 at la/ r$uce? ! p to _! due temp]2 or else ! commonweal? mu/ p]i%4 ,insomu* z we may comp>e ?is di/emp] v aptly to an ague2 :]e91 ! fle%y p>ts be+ congeal$1 or by v5om\s matt] ob/ruct$1 ! ve9s :i* by _! natural c\rse empty !mselves into ! he>t1 are n1 z !y ought to be1 suppli$ f ! art]ies1 :]eby !re succe$e? at fir/ a cold contraction1 & trembl+ ( ! limbs2 & aft]w>d a hot1 & /rong endeav\r ( ! he>t1 to =ce a passage = ! blood2 & be=e x c d t1 cont5te? itself ) ! small refre%m5ts ( su* ?+s z cool = a "t1 till1 if nature be /rong en\gh1 x break at la/ ! contumacy ( ! p>ts ob/ruct$1 & dissipate? ! v5om into sweat2 or1 if nature be too weak1 ! pati5t die?4 ,sid5ote3 ,monopolies1 & abuses ( publicans4 ,aga91 !re is sometimes 9 a commonweal?1 a disease1 :i* resemble? ! pleurisy2 & t is1 :5 ! treasure ( ! commonweal?1 fl[+ out ( its due c\rse1 is ga!r$ toge!r 9 too mu* abundance1 9 "o1 or a few private m51 by monopolies1 or by f>ms ( ! public rev5ues2 9 ! same mann] z ! blood 9 a pleurisy1 gett+ into ! membrane ( ! brea/1 bre$e? !re an inflammation1 accompani$ ) a fev]1 & pa9ful /it*es4 ,sid5ote3 ,popul> m54 ,also ! popul>ity ( a pot5t subject1 unless ! commonweal? h v good caution ( 8 fidelity1 is a dang]\s disease2 because ! p1 :i* %\ld receive _! motion f ! au?ority ( ! sov]eign1 by ! flatt]y & by ! reputation ( an ambiti\s man are drawn away f _! ob$i5ce to ! laws1 to foll[ a man1 ( ^: virtues1 & designs !y h no k4 ,& ?is is commonly ( m dang] 9 a popul> gov]nm5t1 ?an 9 a mon>*y2 because an army is ( s great =ce1 & multitude1 z x may easily be made believe1 !y are ! p4 ,by ?is means x 01 t ,julius ,cs>1 :o 0 set up by ! p aga9/ ! s5ate1 hav+ won to himself ! affections ( 8 army1 made himself ma/] bo? ( s5ate & p4 ,& ?is proce$+ ( popul>1 & ambiti\s m51 is pla9 rebellion2 & may be resembl$ to ! effects ( wit*craft4 ,sid5ote3 ,excessive greatness ( a t[n1 multitude ( corporations4 ,ano!r infirmity ( a commonweal?1 is ! immod]ate greatness ( a t[n1 :5 x is able to furni% out ( its own circuit1 ! numb]1 & exp5se ( a great army3 z also ! great numb] ( corporations2 :i* are z x 7 _m less] commonweal?s 9 ! b[els ( a great]1 l worms 9 ! entrails ( a natural man4 ,sid5ote3 ,lib]ty ( disput+ aga9/ sov]eign p[]4 ,to :i* may be add$1 ! lib]ty ( disput+ aga9/ absolute p[]1 by pret5d]s to political prud5ce2 :i* ?\gh br$ = ! mo/ "p 9 ! lees ( ! p1 yet animat$ by false doctr9es1 are p]petually m$dl+ ) ! fundam5tal laws1 to ! mole/ation ( ! commonweal?2 l ! little worms1 :i* physicians call asc>ides4 ,we may fur!r add1 ! insatiable appetite1 or 1 ( enl>g+ dom9ion2 ) ! incurable w\nds !reby _m times receiv$ f ! enemy2 & ! w5s1 ( ununit$ conque/s1 :i* are _m times a bur!n1 & ) less dang] lo/1 ?an kept2 z also ! le?>gy ( ease1 & consumption ( riot & va9 exp5se4 ,sid5ote3 ,dissolution ( ! commonweal?4 ,la/ly1 :5 9 a w>1 =eign or inte/9e1 ! enemies get a f9al victory2 s z1 ! =ces ( ! commonweal? keep+ ! field no long]1 !re is no fur!r protection ( subjects 9 _! loyalty2 !n is ! commonweal? ,,dissolv$1 & e man at lib]ty to protect himself by su* c\rses z 8 own discretion %all sugge/ unto him4 ,= ! sov]eign is ! public s\l1 giv+ life & motion to ! commonweal?2 :i* expir+1 ! memb]s are gov]n$ by x no m1 ?an ! c>case ( a man1 by 8 dep>t$1 ?\gh immortal1 s\l4 ,= ?\gh ! "r ( a sov]eign mon>* _c be ext+ui%$ by ! act ( ano!r2 yet ! obligation ( ! memb]s may4 ,= he t wants protection1 may seek x any :]e2 & :5 he ha? x1 is oblig$1 )\t fraudul5t pret5ce ( hav+ submitt$ himself out ( fe>1 to protect 8 protection z long z he is able4 ,b :5 ! p[] ( an assembly is once suppress$1 ! "r ( ! same p]i%e? utt]ly2 because ! assembly itself is ext9ct2 & consequ5tly1 !re is no possibility = ! sov]eignty to re-ent]4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,( ,,! ,,(fice ,,( ,,! ,,sov]eign ,,repres5tative4 ,sid5ote3 ,! procuration ( ! good ( ! p4 ,! (fice ( ! sov]eign1 be x a mon>* or an assembly1 consi/e? 9 ! end1 = :i* he 0 tru/$ ) ! sov]eign p[]1 namely ! procuration ( ! safety ( ! p2 to :i* he is oblig$ by ! law ( nature1 & to r5d] an acc\nt !re( to ,god1 ! au?or ( t law1 & to none b him4 ,b by safety "h1 is n meant a b>e pres]vation1 b also all o!r cont5tm5ts ( life1 :i* e man by lawful indu/ry1 )\t dang]1 or hurt to ! commonweal?1 %all acquire to himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,by in/ruction & laws4 ,& ?is is int5d$ %\ld be done1 n by c>e appli$ to individuals1 fur!r ?an _! protection f injuries1 :5 !y %all compla92 b by a g5]al provid5ce1 conta9$ 9 public in/ruction1 bo? ( doctr9e1 & example2 & 9 ! mak+ & execut+ ( good laws1 to :i* individual p]sons may apply _! own cases4 ,sid5ote3 ,aga9/ ! duty ( a sov]eign to rel9qui% any ess5tial "r ( sov]eignty4 ,& because1 if ! ess5tial rights ( sov]eignty1 specifi$ be=e 9 ! eighte5? *apt]1 be tak5 away1 ! commonweal? is !reby dissolv$1 & e man returne? into ! condition1 & calamity ( a w> ) e o!r man1 :i* is ! greate/ evil t c happ5 9 ?is life2 x is ! (fice ( ! sov]eign1 to ma9ta9 ^? rights entire2 & consequ5tly aga9/ 8 duty1 fir/1 to transf] to ano!r1 or to lay f himself any ( !m4 ,= he t des]te? ! means1 des]te? ! ends2 & he des]te? ! means1 t be+ ! sov]eign1 ackn[l$ge? himself subject to ! civil laws2 & r5\nce? ! p[] ( supreme judicature2 or ( mak+ w>1 or peace by 8 own au?ority2 or ( judg+ ( ! necessities ( ! commonweal?2 or ( levy+ money & soldi]s1 :51 & z mu* z 9 8 own consci5ce he %all judge necess>y2 or ( mak+ (fic]s1 & m9i/]s bo? ( w> & peace2 or ( appo9t+ tea*]s1 & exam9+ :at doctr9es are con=mable1 or contr>y to ! def5ce1 peace1 & good ( ! p4 ,sid5ote3 ,or n to see ! p taught ! gr\nds ( !m4 ,secondly1 x is aga9/ 8 duty1 to let ! p be ignorant1 or mis9=m$ ( ! gr\nds1 & reasons ( ^? 8 ess5tial rights2 because !reby m5 are easy to be s$uc$1 & drawn to resi/ him1 :5 ! commonweal? %all require _! use & ex]cise4 ,& ! gr\nds ( ^! rights1 h ! r ne$ to be dilig5tly1 & truly taught2 because !y _c be ma9ta9$ by any civil law1 or t]ror ( legal puni%m5t4 ,= a civil law1 t %all =bid rebellion1 7& su* is all resi/ance to ! ess5tial rights ( ! sov]eignty71 is n1 z a civil law1 any obligation1 b by virtue only ( ! law ( nature1 t =bidde? ! violation ( fai?2 :i* natural obligation1 if m5 "k n1 !y _c "k ! "r ( any law ! sov]eign make?4 ,& = ! puni%m5t1 !y take x b = an act ( ho/ility2 :i* :5 !y ?9k !y h /r5g? en\gh1 !y w endeav\r by acts ( ho/ility1 to avoid4 ,sid5ote3 ,objection ( ^? t say !re are no pr9ciples ( reason = absolute sov]eignty4 ,z ,i h he>d "s say1 t ju/ice is b a ^w1 )\t sub/ance2 & t :atsoev] a man c by =ce1 or art1 acquire to himself1 n only 9 ! condition ( w>1 b also 9 a commonweal?1 is 8 own1 :i* ,i h already %[$ to be false3 s !re be also t ma9ta91 t !re are no gr\nds1 nor pr9ciples ( reason1 to su/a9 ^? ess5tial rights1 :i* make sov]eignty absolute4 ,= if !re 71 !y w\ld h be5 f\nd out 9 "s place1 or o!r2 :]eas we see1 !re has n hi!rto be5 any commonweal?1 :]e ^? rights h be5 ackn[l$g$1 or *all5g$4 ,:]e9 !y argue z ill1 z if ! savage p ( ,am]ica1 %\ld d5y !re 7 any gr\nds1 or pr9ciples ( reason1 s to build a h\se1 z to la/ z long z ! mat]ials1 because !y nev] yet saw any s well built4 ,"t1 & indu/ry1 produce e day new k4 ,& z ! art ( well build+ is d]iv$ f pr9ciples ( reason1 obs]v$ by indu/ri\s m51 t _h long /udi$ ! nature ( mat]ials1 & ! div]s effects ( figure1 & proportion1 long aft] mank9d began1 ?\gh poorly1 to build3 s1 long "t aft] m5 h begun to con/itute commonweal?s1 imp]fect1 & apt to relapse into disord]1 !re may pr9ciples ( reason be f\nd out1 by indu/ri\s m$itation1 to make _! con/itution1 except+ by ext]nal viol5ce1 ev]la/+4 ,& su* are ^? :i* ,i h 9 ?is disc\rse set =?3 :i* :e!r !y come n into ! sight ( ^? t h p[] to make use ( !m1 or be neglect$ by !m1 or n1 conc]ne? my p>ticul> int]e/s1 at ?is day1 v little4 ,b suppos+ t ^! ( m9e are n su* pr9ciples ( reason2 yet ,i am sure !y are pr9ciples f au?ority ( ,scripture2 z ,i %all make x appe>1 :5 ,i %all come to speak ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 adm9i/]$ by ,moses1 ov] ! ,jews1 8 peculi> p by cov5ant4 ,sid5ote3 ,objection f ! incapacity ( ! vulg>4 ,b !y say aga91 t ?\gh ! pr9ciples be "r1 yet common p are n ( capacity en\gh to be made to und]/& !m4 ,i %\ld be glad1 t ! ri* & pot5t subjects ( a k+dom1 or ^? t are acc\nt$ ! mo/ le>n$1 7 no less incapable ?an !y4 ,b all m5 "k1 t ! ob/ructions to ?is k9d ( doctr9e1 proce$ n s mu* f ! difficulty ( ! matt]1 z f ! int]e/ ( !m t are to le>n4 ,pot5t m51 dige/ h>dly any ?+ t sette? up a p[] to bridle _! affections2 & le>n$ m51 any ?+ t discov]e? _! errors1 & !reby less5e? _! au?ority3 :]eas ! common p's m9ds1 unless !y be ta9t$ ) dep5dance on ! pot5t1 or scribbl$ ov] ) ! op9ions ( _! doctors1 are l clean pap]1 fit to receive :atsoev] by public au?ority %all be impr9t$ 9 !m4 ,%all :ole nations be br\ght to acquiesce 9 ! great my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 :i* are above reason1 & millions ( m5 be made believe1 t ! same body may be 9 innum]able places at "o & ! same "t1 :i* is aga9/ reason2 & %all n m5 be able1 by _! tea*+1 & prea*+1 protect$ by ! law1 to make t receiv$1 :i* is s consonant to reason1 t any unprejudicat$ man1 ne$s no m to le>n x1 ?an to he> x8 ,i conclude !re=e1 t 9 ! in/ruction ( ! p 9 ! ess5tial rights :i* are ! natural & fundam5tal laws ( sov]eignty1 !re is no difficulty1 :il/ a sov]eign has 8 p[] entire1 b :at proce$s f 8 own fault1 or ! fault ( ^? :om he tru/e? 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! commonweal?2 & consequ5tly1 x is 8 duty1 to cause !m s to be in/ruct$2 & n only 8 duty1 b 8 b5efit also1 & security aga9/ ! dang] t may arrive to himself 9 8 natural p]son f rebellion4 ,sid5ote3 ,subjects are to be taught n to affect *ange ( gov]nm5t4 ,&1 to desc5d to p>ticul>s1 ! p are to be taught1 fir/1 t !y ought n to be 9 love ) any =m ( gov]nm5t !y see 9 _! neighb\r nations1 m ?an ) _! own1 nor1 :atsoev] pres5t prosp]ity !y behold 9 nations t are o!rwise gov]n$ ?an !y1 to desire *ange4 ,= ! prosp]ity ( a p rul$ by an ari/ocratical1 or democratical assembly1 come? n f ari/ocracy1 nor f democracy1 b f ! ob$i5ce1 & concord ( ! subjects3 nor d ! p fl\ri% 9 a mon>*y1 because "o man has ! "r to rule !m1 b because !y obey him4 ,take away 9 any k9d ( /ate1 ! ob$i5ce1 & consequ5tly ! concord ( ! p1 & !y %all n only n fl\ri%1 b 9 %ort "t be dissolv$4 ,& !y t g ab\t by disob$i5ce1 to d no m ?an re=m ! commonweal?1 %all f9d !y d !reby de/roy x2 l ! fooli% daught]s ( ,peleus1 9 ! fable2 :i* desir+ to r5ew ! y\? ( _! decrepid fa!r1 did by ! c\nsel ( ,m$ea1 cut him 9 pieces1 & boil him1 toge!r ) /range h]bs1 b made n ( him a new man4 ,?is desire ( *ange1 is l ! brea* ( ! fir/ ( ,god's comm&m5ts3 = !re ,god says1 ,non habebis ,deos ali5os2 ,?\ %alt n h ! ,gods ( o!r nations2 & 9 ano!r place conc]n+ k+s1 t !y are ,gods4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor adh]e1 aga9/ ! sov]eign1 to popul> m54 ,secondly1 !y are to be taught1 t !y ought n to be l$ ) admiration ( ! virtue ( any ( _! fell[-subjects1 h[ high soev] he /&1 or h[ conspicu\sly soev] he %9e 9 ! commonweal?2 nor ( any assembly1 except ! sov]eign assembly1 s z to def] to !m any ob$i5ce1 or hon\r1 appropriate to ! sov]eign only1 :om1 9 _! p>ticul> /ations1 !y repres5t2 nor to receive any influ5ce f !m1 b su* z is convey$ by !m f ! sov]eign au?ority4 ,= t sov]eign _c be imag9$ to love 8 p z he ought1 t is n jeal\s ( !m1 b suff]s !m by ! flatt]y ( popul> m51 to be s$uc$ f _! loyalty1 z !y h (t5 be51 n only secretly1 b op5ly1 s z to proclaim m>riage ) !m 9 facie ecclesi by prea*]s1 & by publi%+ ! same 9 ! op5 /reets3 :i* may fitly be comp>$ to ! violation ( ! second ( ! t5 comm&m5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor to dispute ! sov]eign p[]4 ,?irdly1 9 consequ5ce to ?is1 !y ought to be in=m$1 h[ great a fault x is1 to speak evil ( ! sov]eign repres5tative1 :e!r "o man1 or an assembly ( m52 or to argue & dispute 8 p[]2 or any way to use 8 "n irrev]5tly1 :]eby he may be br\ght into contempt ) 8 p1 & _! ob$i5ce1 9 :i* ! safety ( ! commonweal? consi/e?1 slack5$4 ,:i* doctr9e ! ?ird comm&m5t by resemblance po9te? to4 ,sid5ote3 ,& to h days set ap>t to le>n _! duty4 ,f\r?ly1 see+ p _c be taught ?is1 nor :5 x is taught1 rememb] x1 nor aft] "o g5]ation pa/1 s mu* z "k 9 :om ! sov]eign p[] is plac$1 )\t sett+ ap>t f _! ord9>y lab\r1 "s c]ta9 times1 9 :i* !y may att5d ^? t are appo9t$ to in/ruct !m2 x is necess>y t "s su* times be det]m9$1 :]e9 !y may assemble toge!r1 &1 aft] pray]s & praises giv5 to ,god1 ! sov]eign ( sov]eigns1 he> ^? _! duties told !m1 & ! positive laws1 su* z g5]ally conc]n !m all1 read & exp\nd$1 & be put 9 m9d ( ! au?ority t make? !m laws4 ,to ?is end _h ! ,jews e sev5? day1 a sabba?1 9 :i* ! law 0 read & exp\nd$2 & 9 ! solemnity :]e( !y 7 put 9 m9d1 t _! k+ 0 ,god2 t hav+ creat$ ! _w 9 six days1 he re/$ ! sev5? day2 & by _! re/+ on x f _! lab\r1 t t ,god 0 _! k+1 :i* r$eem$ !m f _! s]vile1 & pa9ful lab\r 9 ,egypt1 & gave !m a "t1 aft] !y _h rejoic$ 9 ,god1 to take joy also 9 !mselves1 by lawful recreation4 ,s t ! fir/ table ( ! comm&m5ts1 is sp5t all 9 sett+ d[n ! sum ( ,god's absolute p[]2 n only z ,god1 b z k+ by pact1 9 peculi>1 ( ! ,jews2 & may !re=e give light1 to ^? t h sov]eign p[] conf]r$ on !m by ! cons5t ( m51 to see :at doctr9e !y ought to tea* _! subjects4 ,sid5ote3 ,& to hon\r _! p>5ts4 ,& because ! fir/ in/ruction ( *ildr51 dep5de? on ! c>e ( _! p>5ts1 x is necess>y t !y %\ld be ob$i5t to !m1 :il/ !y are "u _! tuition2 & n only s1 b t also aft]w>ds1 z gratitude require?1 !y ackn[l$ge ! b5efit ( _! education1 by ext]nal signs ( hon\r4 ,to :i* end !y are to be taught1 t orig9ally ! fa!r ( e man 0 also 8 sov]eign "l1 ) p[] ov] him ( life & dea?2 & t ! fa!rs ( families1 :5 by in/itut+ a commonweal?1 !y resign$ t absolute p[]1 yet x 0 nev] int5d$1 !y %\ld lose ! hon\r due unto !m = _! education4 ,= to rel9qui% su* "r1 0 n necess>y to ! in/itution ( sov]eign p[]2 nor w\ld !re be any reason1 :y any man %\ld desire to h *ildr51 or take ! c>e to n\ri% & in/ruct !m1 if !y 7 aft]w>ds to h no o!r b5efit f !m1 ?an f o!r m54 ,& ?is accorde? ) ! fif? comm&m5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,& to avoid do+ ( injury4 ,aga91 e sov]eign ought to cause ju/ice to be taught1 :i*1 consi/+ 9 tak+ f no man :at is 81 is z mu* z to say1 to cause m5 to be taught n to deprive _! neighb\rs1 by viol5ce or fraud1 ( any ?+ :i* by ! sov]eign au?ority is !irs4 ,( ?+s held 9 propriety1 ^? t are de>e/ to a man are 8 own life1 & limbs2 & 9 ! next degree1 9 mo/ m51 ^? t conc]n conjugal affection2 & aft] !m1 ri*es & means ( liv+4 ,!re=e ! p are to be taught1 to ab/a9 f viol5ce to "o ano!r's p]son1 by private rev5ges2 f violation ( conjugal hon\r2 & f =cible rap9e1 & fraudul5t surreption ( "o ano!r's goods4 ,= :i* purpose also x is necess>y !y be %[$ ! evil consequ5ces ( false judgm5t1 by corruption ei!r ( judges or witnesses1 :]eby ! di/9ction ( propriety is tak5 away1 & ju/ice becomes ( no effect3 all :i* ?+s are intimat$ 9 ! six?1 sev5?1 eigh?1 & n9? comm&m5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,& to d all ?is s9c]ely f ! he>t4 ,la/ly1 !y are to be taught1 t n only ! unju/ facts1 b ! designs & int5tions to d !m1 ?\gh by accid5t h9d]$1 are inju/ice2 :i* consi/e? 9 ! pravity ( ! w1 z well z 9 ! irregul>ity ( ! act4 ,& ?is is ! int5tion ( ! t5? comm&m5t1 & ! sum ( ! second table2 :i* is r$uc$ all to ?is "o comm&m5t ( mutual *>ity1 ?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself3 z ! sum ( ! fir/ table is r$uc$ to ! love ( ,god2 :om !y _h !n newly receiv$ z _! k+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! use ( univ]sities4 ,z = ! means1 & conduits1 by :i* ! p may receive ?is in/ruction1 we are to se>*1 by :at means s _m op9ions1 contr>y to ! peace ( mank9d1 ^u weak & false pr9ciples1 h nev]!less be5 s deeply root$ 9 !m4 ,i mean ^?1 :i* ,i h 9 ! prec$5t *apt] specifi$3 z t m5 %all judge ( :at is lawful & unlawful1 n by ! law itself1 b by _! own consci5ces2 t is to say1 by _! own private judgm5ts3 t subjects s9 9 obey+ ! comm&s ( ! commonweal?1 unless !y !mselves h fir/ judg$ !m to be lawful3 t _! propriety 9 _! ri*es is su*1 z to exclude ! dom9ion1 :i* ! commonweal? ha? ov] ! same3 t x is lawful = subjects to kill su*1 z !y call tyrants3 t ! sov]eign p[] may be divid$1 & ! l2 :i* come to be in/ill$ into ! p by ?is means4 ,!y :om necessity1 or covet\sness keepe? att5t on _! trades1 & lab\r2 & !y1 on ! o!r side1 :om sup]fluity1 or slo? c>rie? aft] _! s5sual pleasures2 :i* two sorts ( m5 take up ! greate/ "p ( mank9d2 be+ div]t$ f ! deep m$itation1 :i* ! le>n+ ( tru?1 n only 9 ! matt] ( natural ju/ice1 b also ( all o!r sci5ces necess>ily require?1 receive ! notions ( _! duty1 *iefly f div9es 9 ! pulpit1 & p>tly f su* ( _! neighb\rs or famili> acqua9tance1 z hav+ ! faculty ( disc\rs+ readily1 & plausibly1 seem wis] & bett] le>n$ 9 cases ( law & consci5ce1 ?an !mselves4 ,& ! div9es1 & su* o!rs z make %[ ( le>n+1 d]ive _! k f ! univ]sities1 & f ! s*ools ( law1 or f ! books1 :i* by m51 em95t 9 ^? s*ools & univ]sities1 h be5 publi%$4 ,x is !re=e manife/1 t ! in/ruction ( ! p1 dep5de? :olly1 on ! "r tea*+ ( y\? 9 ! univ]sities4 ,b are n1 may "s man say1 ! univ]sities ( ,engl& le>n$ en\gh already to d t8 or is x y1 w und]take to tea* ! univ]sities8 ,h>d que/ions4 ,yet to ! fir/1 ,i d\bt n to answ]2 t till t[>ds ! latt] end ( ,h5ry ! ,eigh?1 ! p[] ( ! ,pope1 0 always upheld aga9/ ! p[] ( ! commonweal?1 pr9cipally by ! univ]sities2 & t ! doctr9es ma9ta9$ by s _m prea*]s1 aga9/ ! sov]eign p[] ( ! k+1 & by s _m lawy]s1 & o!rs1 t _h _! education !re1 is a suffici5t argum5t1 t ?\gh ! univ]sities 7 n au?ors ( ^? false doctr9es1 yet !y knew n h[ to plant ! true4 ,= 9 su* a contradiction ( op9ions1 x is mo/ c]ta91 t !y h n be5 suffici5tly in/ruct$2 & x is no wond]1 if !y yet reta9 a reli% ( t subtle liquor1 :]e) !y 7 fir/ season$1 aga9/ ! civil au?ority4 ,b to ! latt] "q1 x is n fit1 nor ne$ful = me to say ei!r aye1 or no3 = any man t sees :at ,i am do+1 may easily p]ceive :at ,i ?9k4 ,! safety ( ! p1 require? fur!r1 f him1 or !m t h ! sov]eign p[]1 t ju/ice be equally adm9i/]$ to all degrees ( p2 t is1 t z well ! ri* & mighty1 z poor & obscure p]sons1 may be right$ ( ! injuries done !m2 s z ! great1 may h no great] hope ( impunity1 :5 !y d viol5ce1 di%on\r1 or any injury to ! mean] sort1 ?an :5 "o ( ^!1 does ! l to "o ( !m3 = 9 ?is consi/e? equity2 to :i*1 z be+ a precept ( ! law ( nature1 a sov]eign is z mu* subject1 z any ( ! meane/ ( 8 p4 ,all brea*es ( ! law1 are (f5ces aga9/ ! commonweal?3 b !re be "s1 t are also aga9/ private p]sons4 ,^? t conc]n ! commonweal? only1 may )\t brea* ( equity be p>don$2 = e man may p>don :at is done aga9/ himself1 accord+ to 8 own discretion4 ,b an (f5ce aga9/ a private man1 _c 9 equity be p>don$1 )\t ! cons5t ( him t is injur$2 or reasonable satisfaction4 ,! inequality ( subjects1 proce$e? f ! acts ( sov]eign p[]2 & !re=e has no m place 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sov]eign1 t is to say1 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice1 ?an ! inequality betwe5 k+s & _! subjects1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,k+ ( k+s4 ,! hon\r ( great p]sons1 is to be valu$ = _! b5efic5ce & ! aids !y give to m5 ( inf]ior rank1 or n at all4 ,& ! viol5ces1 oppressions1 & injuries !y d1 are n ext5uat$1 b aggravat$ by ! greatness ( _! p]sons2 because !y h lea/ ne$ to commit !m4 ,! consequ5ces ( ?is p>tiality t[>ds ! great1 proce$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,impunity make? insol5ce2 insol5ce1 hatr$2 & hatr$1 an endeav\r to pull d[n all oppress+ & contumeli\s greatness1 ?\gh ) ! ru9 ( ! commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,equal taxes4 ,to equal ju/ice1 app]ta9e? also ! equal imposition ( taxes2 ! equality :]e( dep5de? n on ! equality ( ri*es1 b on ! equality ( ! debt t e man owe? to ! commonweal? = 8 def5ce4 ,x is n en\gh1 = a man to lab\r = ! ma9t5ance ( 8 life2 b also to fight1 if ne$ be1 = ! secur+ ( 8 lab\r4 ,!y mu/ ei!r d z ! ,jews did aft] _! return f captivity1 9 re-edify+ ! temple1 build ) "o h&1 & hold ! sword 9 ! o!r2 or else !y mu/ hire o!rs to fight = !m4 ,= ! impositions1 t are laid on ! p by ! sov]eign p[]1 are no?+ else b ! wages1 due to !m t hold ! public sword1 to def5d private m5 9 ! ex]cise ( _! sev]al trades1 & call+s4 ,see+ !n ! b5efit t e "o receive? !reby1 is ! enjoym5t ( life1 :i* is equally de> to poor & ri*2 ! debt :i* a poor man owe? !m t def5d 8 life1 is ! same :i* a ri* man owe? = ! def5ce ( 82 sav+ t ! ri*1 :o h ! s]vice ( ! poor1 may be debtors n only = _! own p]sons b = _m m4 ,:i* consid]$1 ! equality ( imposition1 consi/e? r 9 ! equality ( t :i* is consum$1 ?an ( ! ri*es ( ! p]sons t consume ! same4 ,= :at reason is !re1 t he :i* lab\re? mu*1 & sp>+ ! fruits ( 8 lab\r1 consume? little1 %\ld be m *>g$1 ?an he t liv+ idly1 gette? little1 & sp5de? all he gets2 see+ ! "o ha? no m protection f ! commonweal?1 ?an ! o!r8 ,b :5 ! impositions1 are laid ^u ^? ?+s :i* m5 consume1 e man paye? equally = :at he use?3 nor is ! commonweal? defraud$ by ! luxuri\s wa/e ( private m54 ,sid5ote3 ,public *>ity4 ,& :]eas _m m51 by accid5t inevitable1 become unable to ma9ta9 !mselves by _! lab\r2 !y ought n to be left to ! *>ity ( private p]sons2 b to be provid$ =1 z f> =? z ! necessities ( nature require1 by ! laws ( ! commonweal?4 ,= z x is un*>itabl5ess 9 any man1 to neglect ! impot5t2 s x is 9 ! sov]eign ( a commonweal?1 to expose !m to ! haz>d ( su* unc]ta9 *>ity4 ,sid5ote3 ,prev5tion ( idl5ess4 ,b = su* z h /rong bodies1 ! case is o!rwise3 !y are to be =c$ to "w2 & to avoid ! excuse ( n f9d+ employm5t1 !re ought to be su* laws1 z may enc\rage all mann] ( arts2 z navigation1 agriculture1 fi%+1 & all mann] ( manufacture t requires lab\r4 ,! multitude ( poor1 & yet /rong p /ill increas+1 !y are to be transplant$ into c\ntries n suffici5tly inhabit$3 :]e nev]!less1 !y are n to ext]m9ate ^? !y f9d !re2 b con/ra9 !m to inhabit clos] toge!r1 & n to range a great deal ( gr\nd1 to snat* :at !y f9d2 b to c\rt ea* little plot ) art & lab\r1 to give !m _! su/5ance 9 due season4 ,& :5 all ! _w is ov]*>g$ ) inhabitants1 !n ! la/ rem$y ( all is w>2 :i* provide? = e man1 by victory1 or dea?4 ,sid5ote3 ,good laws1 :at4 ,to ! c>e ( ! sov]eign1 belonge? ! mak+ ( good laws4 ,b :at is a good law8 ,by a good law1 ,i mean n a j law3 = no law c be unju/4 ,! law is made by ! sov]eign p[]1 & all t is done by su* p[]1 is w>rant$1 & own$ by e "o ( ! p2 & t :i* e man w h s1 no man c say is unju/4 ,x is 9 ! laws ( a commonweal?1 z 9 ! laws ( gam+3 :atsoev] ! game/]s all agree on1 is inju/ice to none ( !m4 ,a good law is t1 :i* is ne$ful1 = ! good ( ! p1 & )al p]spicu\s4 ,sid5ote3 ,su* z are necess>y4 ,= ! use ( laws1 :i* are b rules au?oriz$1 is n to b9d ! p f all volunt>y actions2 b to direct & keep !m 9 su* a motion1 z n to hurt !mselves by _! own impetu\s desires1 ra%ness or indiscretion2 z h$ges are set1 n to /op travell]s1 b to keep !m 9 _! way4 ,& !re=e a law t is n ne$ful1 hav+ n ! true end ( a law1 is n good4 ,a law may be conceiv$ to be good1 :5 x is = ! b5efit ( ! sov]eign2 ?\gh x be n necess>y = ! p2 b x is n s4 ,= ! good ( ! sov]eign & p1 _c be sep>at$4 ,x is a weak sov]eign1 t has weak subjects2 & a weak p1 ^: sov]eign wante? p[] to rule !m at 8 w4 ,unnecess>y laws are n good laws2 b traps = money3 :i* :]e ! "r ( sov]eign p[] is ackn[l$g$1 are sup]flu\s2 & :]e x is n ackn[l$g$1 insuffici5t to def5d ! p4 ,sid5ote3 ,su* z are p]spicu\s4 ,! p]spicuity1 consi/e? n s mu* 9 ! words ( ! law itself1 z 9 a decl>ation ( ! causes1 & motives = :i* x 0 made4 ,t is x1 t %[s u ! mean+ ( ! legislator2 & ! mean+ ( ! legislator kn[n1 ! law is m easily und]/ood by few1 ?an _m words4 ,= all words1 are subject to ambiguity2 & !re=e multiplication ( words 9 ! body ( ! law1 is multiplication ( ambiguity3 besides x seems to imply1 by too mu* dilig5ce1 t :osoev] c evade ! words1 is )\t ! compass ( ! law4 ,& ?is is a cause ( _m unnecess>y processes4 ,= :5 ,i consid] h[ %ort 7 ! laws ( anci5t times2 & h[ !y grew by degrees /ill long]2 me?9ks ,i see a cont5tion betwe5 ! p5n]s1 & plead]s ( ! law2 ! =m] seek+ to circumscribe ! latt]2 & ! latt] to evade _! circumscriptions2 & t ! plead]s h got ! victory4 ,x belonge? !re=e to ! (fice ( a legislator1 7su* z is 9 all commonweal?s ! supreme repres5tative1 be x "o man1 or an assembly71 to make ! reason p]spicu\s1 :y ! law 0 made2 & ! body ( ! law itself1 z %ort1 b 9 z prop]1 & significant t]ms1 z may be4 ,sid5ote3 ,puni%m5ts4 ,x belonge? also to ! (fice ( ! sov]eign1 to make a "r application ( puni%m5ts1 & rew>ds4 ,& see+ ! end ( puni%+ is n rev5ge1 & dis*>ge ( *ol]2 b correction1 ei!r ( ! (f5d]1 or ( o!rs by 8 example2 ! sev]e/ puni%m5ts are to be inflict$ = ^? crimes1 t are ( mo/ dang] to ! public2 su* z are ^? :i* proce$ f malice to ! gov]nm5t e/abli%$2 ^? t spr+ f contempt ( ju/ice2 ^? t provoke indignation 9 ! multitude2 & ^?1 :i* unpuni%$1 seem au?oriz$1 z :5 !y are committ$ by sons1 s]vants1 or fav\rites ( m5 9 au?ority4 ,= indignation c>rie? m51 n only aga9/ ! actors1 & au?ors ( inju/ice2 b aga9/ all p[] t is likely to protect !m2 z 9 ! case ( ,t>qu92 :5 = ! insol5t act ( "o ( 8 sons1 he 0 driv5 out ( ,rome1 & ! mon>*y itself dissolv$4 ,b crimes ( infirmity2 su* z are ^? :i* proce$ f great provocation1 f great fe>1 great ne$1 or f ignorance :e!r ! fact be a great crime1 or n1 !re is place _m times = l5ity1 )\t prejudice to ! commonweal?2 & l5ity1 :5 !re is su* place = x1 is requir$ by ! law ( nature4 ,! puni%m5t ( ! lead]s & tea*]s 9 a commotion1 n ! poor s$uc$ p1 :5 !y are puni%$1 c pr(it ! commonweal? by _! example4 ,to be sev]e to ! p1 is to puni% t ignorance1 :i* may 9 great "p be imput$ to ! sov]eign1 ^: fault x 01 t !y 7 no bett] in/ruct$4 ,sid5ote3 ,rew>ds4 ,9 l mann] x belonge? to ! (fice1 & duty ( ! sov]eign1 to apply 8 rew>ds always s1 z !re may arise f !m b5efit to ! commonweal?2 :]e9 consi/e? _! use1 & end2 & is !n done1 :5 !y t h well s]v$ ! commonweal?1 are ) z little exp5se ( ! common treasure1 z is possible1 s well recomp5s$1 z o!rs !reby may be enc\rag$1 bo? to s]ve ! same z fai?fully z !y c1 & to /udy ! arts by :i* !y may be enabl$ to d x bett]4 ,to buy ) money1 or pref]m5t1 f a popul> ambiti\s subject1 to be quiet1 & desi/ f mak+ ill impressions 9 ! m9ds ( ! p1 has no?+ ( ! nature ( rew>d2 7:i* is orda9$ n = diss]vice1 b = s]vice pa/27 nor a sign ( gratitude1 b ( fe>2 nor does x t5d to ! b5efit1 b to ! damage ( ! public4 ,x is a cont5tion ) ambition1 l t ( ,h]cules ) ! mon/] ,hydra1 :i* hav+ _m heads1 = e "o t 0 vanqui%$1 !re grew up ?ree4 ,= 9 l mann]1 :5 ! /ubbornness ( "o popul> man1 is ov]come ) rew>d1 !re arise _m m1 by ! example1 t d ! same mis*ief1 9 hope ( l b5efit3 & z all sorts ( manufacture1 s also malice encrease? by be+ v5dible4 ,& ?\gh sometimes a civil w>1 may be def]r$ by su* ways z t1 yet ! dang] gr[s /ill ! great]1 & ! public ru9 m assur$4 ,x is !re=e aga9/ ! duty ( ! sov]eign1 to :om ! public safety is committ$1 to rew>d ^? t aspire to greatness by di/urb+ ! peace ( _! c\ntry1 & n r to oppose ! beg9n+s ( su* m51 ) a little dang]1 ?an aft] a long] "t ) great]4 ,sid5ote3 ,c\nsellors4 ,ano!r bus9ess ( ! sov]eign1 is to *oose good c\nsellors2 ,i mean su*1 ^: advice he is to take 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! commonweal?4 ,= ?is ^w c\nsel1 consilium1 corrupt$ f considium1 is ( a l>ge signification1 & compreh5de? all assemblies ( m5 t sit toge!r1 n only to delib]ate :at is to be done h]eaft]1 b also to judge ( facts pa/1 & ( law = ! pres5t4 ,i take x "h 9 ! fir/ s5se only3 & 9 ?is s5se1 !re is no *oice ( c\nsel1 nei!r 9 a democracy1 nor ari/ocracy2 because ! p]sons c\nsell+ are memb]s ( ! p]son c\nsell$4 ,! *oice ( c\nsellors !re=e is prop] to mon>*y2 9 :i*1 ! sov]eign t endeav\re? n to make *oice ( ^?1 t 9 e k9d are ! mo/ able1 dis*>ge? n 8 (fice z he ought to d4 ,! mo/ able c\nsellors1 are !y t h lea/ hope ( b5efit by giv+ evil c\nsel1 & mo/ k ( ^? ?+s t conduce to ! peace1 & def5ce ( ! commonweal?4 ,x is a h>d matt] to "k :o expecte? b5efit f public tr\bles2 b ! signs t guide to a j suspicion1 is ! soo?+ ( ! p 9 _! unreasonable1 or irrem$iable grievances1 by m5 ^: e/ates are n suffici5t to dis*>ge _! accu/om$ exp5ses1 & may easily be obs]v$ by any "o :om x conc]ns to "k x4 ,b to "k1 :o has mo/ k ( ! public affairs1 is yet h>d]2 & !y t "k !m1 ne$ !m a great deal ! less4 ,= to "k1 :o kn[s ! rules almo/ ( any art1 is a great degree ( ! k ( ! same art2 because no man c be assur$ ( ! tru? ( ano!r's rules1 b he t is fir/ taught to und]/& !m4 ,b ! be/ signs ( k ( any art1 are1 mu* conv]s+ 9 x1 & con/ant good effects ( x4 ,good c\nsel comes n by lot1 nor by inh]itance2 & !re=e !re is no m reason to expect good advice f ! ri* or noble1 9 matt] ( /ate1 ?an 9 del9eat+ ! dim5sions ( a =tress2 unless we %all ?9k !re ne$s no me?od 9 ! /udy ( ! politics1 z !re does 9 ! /udy ( geometry1 b only to be look]s on2 :i* is n s4 ,= ! politics is ! h>d] /udy ( ! two4 ,:]eas 9 ^! p>ts ( ,europe1 x ha? be5 tak5 = a "r ( c]ta9 p]sons1 to h place 9 ! highe/ c\ncil ( /ate by inh]itance2 x is d]iv$ f ! conque/s ( ! anci5t ,g]mans2 :]e9 _m absolute lords jo9+ toge!r to conqu] o!r nations1 w\ld n ent] into ! conf$]acy1 )\t su* privileges1 z might be m>ks ( diff]5ce 9 "t foll[+1 betwe5 _! po/]ity1 & ! po/]ity ( _! subjects2 :i* privileges be+ inconsi/5t ) ! sov]eign p[]1 by ! fav\r ( ! sov]eign1 !y may seem to keep2 b cont5d+ = !m z _! "r1 !y mu/ ne$s by degrees let !m g1 & h at la/ no fur!r hon\r1 ?an adh]e? naturally to _! abilities4 ,& h[ able soev] be ! c\nsellors 9 any affair1 ! b5efit ( _! c\nsel is great]1 :5 !y give e "o 8 advice1 & ! reasons ( x ap>t1 ?an :5 !y d x 9 an assembly1 by way ( orations2 & :5 !y h prem$itat$1 ?an :5 !y speak on ! sudd52 bo? because !y h m "t1 to survey ! consequ5ces ( action2 & are less subject to be c>ri$ away to contradiction1 ?r\gh envy1 emulation1 or o!r passions aris+ f ! diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,! be/ c\nsel1 9 ^? ?+s t conc]n n o!r nations1 b only ! ease & b5efit ! subjects may enjoy1 by laws t look only inw>d1 is to be tak5 f ! g5]al in=mations1 & compla9ts ( ! p ( ea* prov9ce1 :o are be/ acqua9t$ ) _! own wants1 & ought !re=e1 :5 !y dem& no?+ 9 d]ogation ( ! ess5tial rights ( sov]eignty1 to be dilig5tly tak5 notice (4 ,= )\t ^? ess5tial rights1 z ,i h (t5 be=e said1 ! commonweal? _c at all subsi/4 ,sid5ote3 ,comm&]s4 ,a comm&] ( an army 9 *ief1 if he be n popul>1 %all n be belov$ nor fe>$ z he ought to be by 8 army2 & consequ5tly1 _c p]=m t (fice ) good success4 ,he mu/ !re=e be indu/ri\s1 valiant1 affable1 lib]al & =tunate1 t he may ga9 an op9ion bo? ( suffici5cy1 & ( lov+ 8 soldi]s4 ,?is is popul>ity1 & bre$s 9 ! soldi]s bo? desire1 & c\rage1 to recomm5d !mselves to 8 fav\r2 & protects ! sev]ity ( ! g5]al 9 puni%+1 :5 ne$ is1 ! mut9\s1 or neglig5t soldi]s4 ,b ?is love ( soldi]s1 if caution be n giv5 ( ! comm&]'s fidelity1 is a dang]\s ?+ to sov]eign p[]2 especially :5 x is 9 ! h&s ( an assembly n popul>4 ,x belonge? !re=e to ! safety ( ! p1 bo? t !y be good conductors1 & fai?ful subjects1 to :om ! sov]eign commits 8 armies4 ,b :5 ! sov]eign himself is popul>2 t is1 rev]5c$ & belov$ ( 8 p1 !re is no dang] at all f ! popul>ity ( a subject4 ,= soldi]s are nev] s g5]ally unju/1 z to side ) _! capta9 ?\gh !y love him1 aga9/ _! sov]eign1 :5 !y love n only 8 p]son1 b also 8 cause4 ,& !re=e ^?1 :o by viol5ce h at any "t suppress$ ! p[] ( _! lawful sov]eign1 be=e !y c\ld settle !mselves 9 8 place1 h be5 always put to ! tr\ble ( contriv+ _! titles1 to save ! p f ! %ame ( receiv+ !m4 ,to h a kn[n "r to sov]eign p[]1 is s popul> a quality1 z he t has x ne$s no m1 = 8 own "p1 to turn ! he>ts ( 8 subjects to him1 b t !y see him able absolutely to gov]n 8 own family3 nor1 on ! "p ( 8 enemies1 b a disb&+ ( _! armies4 ,= ! greate/ & mo/ active "p ( mank9d1 has nev] hi!rto be5 well cont5t$ ) ! pres5t4 ,conc]n+ ! (fices ( "o sov]eign to ano!r1 :i* are compreh5d$ 9 t law1 :i* is commonly call$ ! law ( nations1 ,i ne$ n say any?+ 9 ?is place2 because ! law ( nations1 & ! law ( nature1 is ! same ?+4 ,& e sov]eign ha? ! same "r1 9 procur+ ! safety ( 8 p1 t any p>ticul> man c h1 9 procur+ ! safety ( 8 own body4 ,& ! same law1 t dictate? to m5 t h no civil gov]nm5t1 :at !y ought to d1 & :at to avoid 9 reg>d ( "o ano!r1 dictate? ! same to commonweal?s1 t is1 to ! consci5ces ( sov]eign pr9ces & sov]eign assemblies2 !re be+ no c\rt ( natural ju/ice1 b 9 ! consci5ce only2 :]e n man1 b ,god reigne?2 ^: laws1 su* ( !m z oblige all mank9d1 9 respect ( ,god1 z he is ! au?or ( nature1 are natural2 & 9 respect ( ! same ,god1 z he is ,k+ ( k+s1 are laws4 ,b ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 z ,k+ ( k+s1 & z ,k+ also ( a peculi> p1 ,i %all speak 9 ! re/ ( ?is disc\rse4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,( ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god ,,by ,,nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,! scope ( ! foll[+ *apt]s4 ,t ! condition ( m]e nature1 t is to say1 ( absolute lib]ty1 su* z is !irs1 t nei!r are sov]eigns1 nor subjects1 is an>*y1 & ! condition ( w>3 t ! precepts1 by :i* m5 are guid$ to avoid t condition1 are ! laws ( nature3 t a commonweal?1 )\t sov]eign p[]1 is b a ^w )\t sub/ance1 & _c /&3 t subjects owe to sov]eigns1 simple ob$i5ce1 9 all ?+s :]e9 _! ob$i5ce is n repugnant to ! laws ( ,god1 ,i h suffici5tly prov$1 9 t :i* ,i h already writt54 ,!re wants only1 = ! entire k ( civil duty1 to "k :at are ^? laws ( ,god4 ,= )\t t1 a man kn[s n1 :5 he is comm&$ any ?+ by ! civil p[]1 :e!r x be contr>y to ! law ( ,god1 or n3 & s1 ei!r by too mu* civil ob$i5ce1 (f5ds ! ,div9e ,maje/y2 or ?r\gh fe> ( (f5d+ ,god1 transgresses ! comm&m5ts ( ! commonweal?4 ,to avoid bo? ^! rocks1 x is necess>y to "k :at are ! laws div9e4 ,& see+ ! k ( all law1 dep5de? on ! k ( ! sov]eign p[]1 ,i %all say some?+ 9 t :i* foll[e?1 ( ! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,:o are subjects 9 ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,god is k+1 let ! e>? rejoice1 sai? ! psalmi/1 7xcvii4 #a74 ,& aga91 7,psalm xcix4 #a7 ,god is k+1 ?\gh ! nations be angry2 & he t sitte? on ! *]ubims1 ?\gh ! e>? be mov$4 ,:e!r m5 w or n1 !y mu/ be subject always to ! div9e p[]4 ,by d5y+ ! exi/5ce1 or provid5ce ( ,god1 m5 may %ake (f _! ease1 b n _! yoke4 ,b to call ?is p[] ( ,god1 :i* ext5de? itself n only to man1 b also to bea/s1 & plants1 & bodies inanimate1 by ! "n ( k+dom1 is b a metaphorical use ( ! ^w4 ,= he only is prop]ly said to reign1 t gov]ns 8 subjects by 8 ^w1 & by promise ( rew>ds to ^? t obey x1 & by ?reat5+ !m ) puni%m5t t obey x n4 ,subjects !re=e 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 are n bodies inanimate1 nor creatures irrational2 because !y und]/& no precepts z 83 nor a!i/s1 nor !y t believe n t ,god has any c>e ( ! actions ( mank9d2 because !y ackn[l$ge no ^w = 81 nor h hope ( 8 rew>ds or fe> ( 8 ?reat5+s4 ,!y !re=e t believe !re is a ,god t gov]ne? ! _w1 & ha? giv5 precepts1 & prop\nd$ rew>ds1 & puni%m5ts to mank9d1 are ,god's subjects2 all ! re/1 are to be und]/ood z enemies4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ?reefold ^w ( ,god1 reason1 revelation1 prophecy4 ,to rule by words1 requires t su* words be manife/ly made kn[n2 = else !y are no laws3 = to ! nature ( laws belonge? a suffici5t1 & cle> promulgation1 su* z may take away ! excuse ( ignorance2 :i* 9 ! laws ( m5 is b ( "o only k9d1 & t is1 proclamation1 or promulgation by ! voice ( man4 ,b ,god decl>e? 8 laws ?ree ways2 by ! dictates ( natural reason1 by revelation1 & by ! voice ( "s man1 to :om by ! op]ation ( miracles1 he procure? cr$it ) ! re/4 ,f h5ce !re arise? a triple ^w ( ,god1 rational1 s5sible1 & prophetic3 to :i* corresponde? a triple he>+2 "r reason1 s5se sup]natural1 & fai?4 ,z = s5se sup]natural1 :i* consi/e? 9 revelation or inspiration1 !re h n be5 any univ]sal laws s giv51 because ,god speake? n 9 t mann] b to p>ticul> p]sons1 & to div]s m5 div]s ?+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,a tw(old k+dom ( ,god1 natural & prophetic4 ,f ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! o!r two k9ds ( ,god's ^w1 rational1 & prophetic1 !re may be attribut$ to ,god1 a tw(old k+dom1 natural1 & prophetic3 natural1 :]e9 he gov]ne? z _m ( mank9d z ackn[l$ge 8 provid5ce1 by ! natural dictates ( "r reason2 & prophetic1 :]e9 hav+ *os5 out "o peculi> nation1 ! ,jews1 = 8 subjects1 he gov]n$ !m1 & none b !m1 n only by natural reason1 b by positive laws1 :i* he gave !m by ! m\?s ( 8 holy prophets4 ,( ! natural k+dom ( ,god ,i int5d to speak 9 ?is *apt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! "r ( ,god's sov]eignty is d]iv$ f 8 omnipot5ce4 ,! "r ( nature1 :]eby ,god reigne? ov] m51 & puni%e? ^? t break 8 laws1 is to be d]iv$1 n f 8 creat+ !m1 z if he requir$ ob$i5ce z ( gratitude = 8 b5efits2 b f 8 irresi/ible p[]4 ,i h =m]ly %[n1 h[ ! sov]eign "r arise? f pact3 to %[ h[ ! same "r may arise f nature1 requires no m1 b to %[ 9 :at case x is nev] tak5 away4 ,see+ all m5 by nature _h "r to all ?+s1 !y _h "r e "o to reign ov] all ! re/4 ,b because ?is "r c\ld n be obta9$ by =ce1 x conc]n$ ! safety ( e "o1 lay+ by t "r1 to set up m51 ) sov]eign au?ority1 by common cons5t1 to rule & def5d !m3 :]eas if !re _h be5 any man ( p[] irresi/ible1 !re _h be5 no reason1 :y he %\ld n by t p[] h rul$ & def5d$ bo? himself1 & !m1 accord+ to 8 own discretion4 ,to ^? !re=e ^: p[] is irresi/ible1 ! dom9ion ( all m5 adh]e? naturally by _! excell5ce ( p[]2 & consequ5tly x is f t p[]1 t ! k+dom ov] m51 & ! "r ( afflict+ m5 at 8 pleasure1 belonge? naturally to ,god ,almighty2 n z ,creator1 & graci\s2 b z omnipot5t4 ,& ?\gh puni%m5t be due = s9 only1 because by t ^w is und]/ood affliction = s92 yet ! "r ( afflict+1 is n always d]iv$ f m5's s91 b f ,god's p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,s9 n ! cause ( all affliction4 ,?is "q1 :y evil m5 (t5 prosp]1 & good m5 suff] adv]sity1 has be5 mu* disput$ by ! anci5t1 & is ! same ) ?is ( ours1 by :at "r ,god disp5se? ! prosp]ities & adv]sities ( ?is life2 & is ( t difficulty1 z x ha? %ak5 ! fai?1 n only ( ! vulg>1 b ( philosoph]s1 & :i* is m1 ( ! ,sa9ts1 conc]n+ ! ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,h[ good1 sai? ,david1 7,psalm lxxiii4 #a1 #b1 #c7 is ! ,god ( ,israel to ^? t are upright 9 he>t2 & yet my feet 7 almo/ gone1 my tread+s _h well-nigh slipt2 = ,i 0 griev$ at ! wick$1 :5 ,i saw ! ungodly 9 su* prosp]ity4 ,& ,job1 h[ e>ne/ly does he expo/ulate ) ,god1 = ! _m afflictions he suff]$1 not)/&+ 8 righte\sness8 ,?is "q 9 ! case ( ,job1 is decid$ by ,god himself1 n by argum5ts d]iv$ f ,job's s91 b 8 own p[]4 ,= :]eas ! fri5ds ( ,job drew _! argum5ts f 8 affliction to 8 s91 & he def5d$ himself by ! consci5ce ( 8 innoc5ce1 ,god himself take? up ! matt]1 & hav+ ju/ifi$ ! affliction by argum5ts drawn f 8 p[]1 su* z ?is1 7,job xxxviii4 #d7 ,:]e wa/ ?\1 :5 ,i laid ! f\ndations ( ! e>?8 & ! l1 bo? approv$ ,job's innoc5ce1 & reprov$ ! errone\s doctr9e ( 8 fri5ds4 ,con=mable to ?is doctr9e is ! s5t5ce ( our ,savi\r1 conc]n+ ! man t 0 born bl9d1 9 ^! words1 ,nei!r ha? ?is man s9n$1 nor 8 fa!rs2 b t ! works ( ,god might be made manife/ 9 him4 ,& ?\gh x be said1 t dea? ent]$ into ! _w by s91 7by :i* is meant1 t if ,adam _h nev] s9n$1 he _h nev] di$1 t is1 nev] suff]$ any sep>ation ( 8 s\l f 8 body17 x foll[s n !nce1 t ,god c\ld n ju/ly h afflict$ him1 ?\gh he _h n s9n$1 z well z he afflicte? o!r liv+ creatures1 t _c s94 ,sid5ote3 ,div9e laws4 ,hav+ spok5 ( ! "r ( ,god's sov]eignty1 z gr\nd$ only on nature2 we are to consid] next1 :at are ! ,div9e laws1 or dictates ( natural reason2 :i* laws conc]n ei!r ! natural duties ( "o man to ano!r1 or ! hon\r naturally due to our ,div9e ,sov]eign4 ,! fir/ are ! same laws ( nature1 ( :i* ,i h spok5 already 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? *apt]s ( ?is treatise2 namely1 equity1 ju/ice1 m]cy1 humility1 & ! re/ ( ! moral virtues4 ,x rema9e? !re=e t we consid]1 :at precepts are dictat$ to m51 by _! natural reason only1 )\t o!r ^w ( ,god1 t\*+ ! hon\r & wor%ip ( ! ,div9e ,maje/y4 ,sid5ote3 ,hon\r & wor%ip1 :at4 ,hon\r consi/e? 9 ! inw>d ?\ght1 & op9ion ( ! p[]1 & goodness ( ano!r2 & !re=e to hon\r ,god1 is to ?9k z highly ( 8 p[] & goodness1 z is possible4 ,& ( t op9ion1 ! ext]nal signs appe>+ 9 ! words & actions ( m51 are call$ wor%ip2 :i* is "o "p ( t :i* ! ,lat9s und]/& by ! ^w cultus4 ,= cultus signifie? prop]ly1 & con/antly1 t lab\r :i* a man be/[s on any?+1 ) a purpose to make b5efit by x4 ,n[ ^? ?+s :]e( we make b5efit1 are ei!r subject to u1 & ! pr(it !y yield1 foll[e? ! lab\r we be/[ ^u !m1 z a natural effect2 or !y are n subject to u1 b answ] our lab\r1 accord+ to _! own wills4 ,9 ! fir/ s5se ! lab\r be/[$ on ! e>?1 is call$ culture2 & ! education ( *ildr51 a culture ( _! m9ds4 ,9 ! second s5se1 :]e m5's wills are to be wr\ght to our purpose1 n by =ce1 b by complaisance1 x signifie? z mu* z c\rt+1 t is1 a w9n+ ( fav\r by good (fices2 z by praises1 by ackn[l$g+ _! p[]1 & by :atsoev] is pleas+ to !m f :om we look = any b5efit4 ,& ?is is prop]ly wor%ip3 9 :i* s5se ,publicola1 is und]/ood = a wor%ipp] ( ! p2 & cultus ,dei1 = ! wor%ip ( ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,sev]al signs ( hon\r4 ,f int]nal hon\r1 consi/+ 9 ! op9ion ( p[] & goodness1 arise ?ree passions2 love1 :i* ha? ref]5ce to goodness2 & hope1 & fe>1 t relate to p[]3 & ?ree p>ts ( ext]nal wor%ip2 praise1 magnify+1 & bless+3 ! subject ( praise1 be+ goodness2 ! subject ( magnify+ & bless+1 be+ p[]1 & ! effect !re( felicity4 ,praise1 & magnify+ are signifi$ bo? by words1 & actions3 by words1 :5 we say a man is good1 or great3 by actions1 :5 we ?ank him = 8 b\nty1 & obey 8 p[]4 ,! op9ion ( ! happ9ess ( ano!r1 c only be express$ by words4 ,sid5ote3 ,wor%ip natural & arbitr>y4 ,!re be "s signs ( hon\r1 bo? 9 attributes & actions1 t be naturally s2 z among/ attributes1 good1 j1 lib]al1 & ! l2 & among/ actions1 pray]s1 ?anks1 & ob$i5ce4 ,o!rs are s by in/itution1 or cu/om ( m52 & 9 "s times & places are hon\rable2 9 o!rs1 di%on\rable2 9 o!rs1 indiff]5t3 su* z are ! ge/ures 9 salutation1 pray]1 & ?anksgiv+1 9 diff]5t times & places1 diff]5tly us$4 ,! =m] is natural2 ! latt] arbitr>y wor%ip4 ,sid5ote3 ,wor%ip comm&$ & free4 ,& ( arbitr>y wor%ip1 !re be two diff]5ces3 = sometimes x is a comm&$1 sometimes volunt>y wor%ip3 comm&$1 :5 x is su* z he require?1 :o is wor%ipp$3 free1 :5 x is su* z ! wor%ipp] ?9ks fit4 ,:5 x is comm&$1 n ! words1 or ge/ure1 b ! ob$i5ce is ! wor%ip4 ,b :5 free1 ! wor%ip consi/s 9 ! op9ion ( ! behold]s3 = if to !m ! words1 or actions by :i* we int5d hon\r1 seem ridicul\s1 & t5d+ to contumely1 !y are no wor%ip1 because no signs ( hon\r2 & no signs ( hon\r1 because a sign is n a sign to him t give? x1 b to him to :om x is made1 t is1 to ! spectator4 ,sid5ote3 ,wor%ip public & private4 ,aga91 !re is a public1 & a private wor%ip4 ,public1 is ! wor%ip t a commonweal? p]=me?1 z "o p]son4 ,private1 is t :i* a private p]son exhibite?4 ,public1 9 respect ( ! :ole commonweal?1 is free2 b 9 respect ( p>ticul> m51 x is n s4 ,private1 is 9 secret free2 b 9 ! sight ( ! multitude1 x is nev] )\t "s re/ra9t1 ei!r f ! laws1 or f ! op9ion ( m52 :i* is contr>y to ! nature ( lib]ty4 ,sid5ote3 ,! end ( wor%ip4 ,! end ( wor%ip among/ m51 is p[]4 ,= :]e a man see? ano!r wor%ipp$1 he suppose? him p[]ful1 & is ! readi] to obey him2 :i* makes 8 p[] great]4 ,b ,god has no ends3 ! wor%ip we d him1 proce$s f our duty1 & is direct$ accord+ to our capacity1 by ^? rules ( hon\r1 t reason dictate? to be done by ! weak to ! m pot5t m51 9 hope ( b5efit1 = fe> ( damage1 or 9 ?ankfulness = good already receiv$ f !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,attributes ( div9e hon\r4 ,t we may "k :at wor%ip ( ,god is taught u by ! light ( nature1 ,i w beg9 ) 8 attributes4 ,:]e1 fir/1 x is manife/1 we ought to attribute to him exi/5ce4 ,= no man c h ! w to hon\r t1 :i* he ?9ks n to h any be+4 ,secondly1 t ^? philosoph]s1 :o said ! _w1 or ! s\l ( ! _w 0 ,god1 spake unwor?ily ( him2 & d5i$ 8 exi/5ce4 ,= by ,god1 is und]/ood ! cause ( ! _w2 & to say ! _w is ,god1 is to say !re is no cause ( x1 t is1 no ,god4 ,?irdly1 to say ! _w 0 n creat$1 b et]nal1 see+ t :i* is et]nal has no cause1 is to d5y !re is a ,god4 ,f\r?ly1 t !y :o attribut+1 z !y ?9k1 ease to ,god1 take f him ! c>e ( mank9d2 take f him 8 hon\r3 = x takes away m5's love1 & fe> ( him2 :i* is ! root ( hon\r4 ,fif?ly1 9 ^? ?+s t signify greatness1 & p[]2 to say he is f9ite1 is n to hon\r him3 = x is n a sign ( ! w to hon\r ,god1 to attribute to him less ?an we c2 & f9ite1 is less ?an we c2 because to f9ite1 x is easy to add m4 ,!re=e to attribute figure to him1 is n hon\r2 = all figure is f9ite3 ,nor to say we conceive1 & imag9e1 or h an idea ( him1 9 our m9d3 = :atsoev] we conceive is f9ite3 ,nor to attribute to him p>ts1 or totality2 :i* are ! attributes only ( ?+s f9ite3 ,nor to say he is 9 ?is1 or t place3 = :atsoev] is 9 place1 is b\nd$1 & f9ite3 ,nor t he is mov$1 or re/e?3 = bo? ^! attributes ascribe to him place3 ,nor t !re be m ,gods ?an "o2 because x implies !m all f9ite3 = !re _c be m ?an "o inf9ite3 ,nor to ascribe to him1 7unless metaphorically1 mean+ n ! passion b ! effect17 passions t p>take ( grief2 z rep5tance1 ang]1 m]cy3 or ( want2 z appetite1 hope1 desire2 or ( any passive faculty3 = passion1 is p[] limit$ by some:at else4 ,& !re=e :5 we ascribe to ,god a w1 x is n to be und]/ood1 z t ( man1 = a rational appetite2 b z ! p[]1 by :i* he effecte? e ?+4 ,likewise :5 we attribute to him sight1 & o!r acts ( s5se2 z also k1 & und]/&+2 :i* 9 u is no?+ else1 b a tumult ( ! m9d1 rais$ by ext]nal ?+s t press ! organical p>ts ( man's body3 = !re is no su* ?+ 9 ,god2 & be+ ?+s t dep5d on natural causes1 _c be attribut$ to him4 ,he t w attribute to ,god1 no?+ b :at is w>rant$ by natural reason1 mu/ ei!r use su* negative attributes1 z inf9ite1 et]nal1 incompreh5sible2 or sup]latives1 z mo/ high1 mo/ great1 & ! l2 or indef9ite1 z good1 j1 holy1 creator2 & 9 su* s5se1 z if he meant n to decl>e :at he is1 7= t 7 to circumscribe him )9 ! limits ( our fancy17 b h[ mu* we admire him1 & h[ ready we w\ld be to obey him2 :i* is a sign ( humility1 & ( a w to hon\r him z mu* z we c4 ,= !re is b "o "n to signify our conception ( 8 nature1 & t is1 ,i ,,am3 & b "o "n ( 8 relation to u1 & t is1 ,god2 9 :i* is conta9$ ,fa!r1 ,k+1 & ,"l4 ,sid5ote3 ,actions t are signs ( div9e hon\r4 ,conc]n+ ! actions ( div9e wor%ip1 x is a mo/ g5]al precept ( reason1 t !y be signs ( ! int5tion to hon\r ,god2 su* z are1 fir/1 pray]s4 ,= n ! c>v]s1 :5 !y made images1 7 ?\ght to make !m gods2 b ! p t pray$ to !m4 ,secondly1 ?anksgiv+2 :i* diff]e? f pray] 9 div9e wor%ip1 no o!rwise1 ?an t pray]s prec$e1 & ?anks succe$ ! b5efit2 ! end1 bo? ( ! "o & ! o!r1 be+ to ackn[l$ge ,god1 = au?or ( all b5efits1 z well pa/1 z future4 ,?irdly1 gifts1 t is to say1 sacrifices & oblations1 if !y be ( ! be/1 are signs ( hon\r3 = !y are ?anksgiv+s4 ,f\r?ly1 n to swe> by any b ,god1 is naturally a sign ( hon\r3 = x is a confession t ,god only kn[e? ! he>t2 & t no man's wit or /r5g? c protect a man aga9/ ,god's v5geance on ! p]jur$4 ,fif?ly1 x is a "p ( rational wor%ip1 to speak consid]ately ( ,god2 = x argues a fe> ( him1 & fe> is a confession ( 8 p[]4 ,h5ce foll[e?1 t ! "n ( ,god is n to be us$ ra%ly1 & to no purpose2 = t is z mu*1 z 9 va93 & x is to no purpose1 unless x be by way ( oa?1 & by ord] ( ! commonweal?1 to make judgm5ts c]ta92 or betwe5 commonweal?s1 to avoid w>4 ,& t disput+ ( ,god's nature is contr>y to 8 hon\r3 = x is suppos$1 t 9 ?is natural k+dom ( ,god1 !re is no o!r way to "k any?+1 b by natural reason1 t is1 f ! pr9ciples ( natural sci5ce2 :i* are s f> f tea*+ u any ?+ ( ,god's nature1 z !y _c tea* u our own nature1 nor ! nature ( ! smalle/ creature liv+4 ,& !re=e1 :5 m5 out ( ! pr9ciples ( natural reason1 dispute ( ! attributes ( ,god1 !y b di%on\r him3 = 9 ! attributes :i* we give to ,god1 we are n to consid] ! signification ( philosophical tru?2 b ! signification ( pi\s int5tion1 to d him ! greate/ hon\r we are able4 ,f ! want ( :i* consid]ation1 h proce$$ ! volumes ( disputation ab\t ! nature ( ,god1 t t5d n to 8 hon\r1 b to ! hon\r ( our own wits & le>n+2 & are no?+ else b inconsid]ate & va9 abuses ( 8 sacr$ "n4 ,six?ly1 9 pray]s1 ?anksgiv+s1 (f]+s1 & sacrifices1 x is a dictate ( natural reason1 t !y be e "o 9 8 k9d ! be/1 & mo/ significant ( hon\r4 ,z = example1 t pray]s & ?anksgiv+1 be made 9 words & phrases1 n sudd51 nor light1 nor plebeian2 b beautiful1 & well compos$4 ,= else we d n ,god z mu* hon\r z we c4 ,& !re=e ! hea!ns did absurdly1 to wor%ip images = gods3 b _! do+ x 9 v]se1 & ) music1 bo? ( voice & in/rum5ts1 0 reasonable4 ,also t ! bea/s !y (f]$ 9 sacrifice1 & ! gifts !y (f]$1 & _! actions 9 wor%ipp+1 7 full ( submission1 & commemorative ( b5efits receiv$1 0 accord+ to reason1 z proce$+ f an int5tion to hon\r him4 ,sev5?ly1 reason directe? n only to wor%ip ,god 9 secret2 b also1 & especially1 9 public1 & 9 ! sight ( m54 ,= )\t t1 t :i* 9 hon\r is mo/ acceptable1 ! procur+ o!rs to hon\r him1 is lo/4 ,la/ly1 ob$i5ce to 8 laws1 t is1 9 ?is case to ! laws ( nature1 is ! greate/ wor%ip ( all4 ,= z ob$i5ce is m acceptable to ,god ?an sacrifice2 s also to set light by 8 comm&m5ts1 is ! greate/ ( all contumelies4 ,& ^! are ! laws ( t div9e wor%ip1 :i* natural reason dictate? to private m54 ,sid5ote3 ,public wor%ip consi/e? 9 uni=mity4 ,b see+ a commonweal? is b "o p]son1 x ought also to exhibit to ,god b "o wor%ip2 :i* !n x do?1 :5 x comm&e? x to be exhibit$ by private m51 publicly4 ,& ?is is public wor%ip2 ! prop]ty :]e(1 is to be uni=m3 = ^? actions t are done diff]5tly1 by diff]5t m51 _c be said to be a public wor%ip4 ,& !re=e1 :]e _m sorts ( wor%ip be all[$1 proce$+ f ! diff]5t religions ( private m51 x _c be said !re is any public wor%ip1 nor t ! commonweal? is ( any religion at all4 ,sid5ote3 ,all attributes dep5d on ! laws civil4 ,& because words1 & consequ5tly ! attributes ( ,god1 h _! signification by agreem5t & con/itution ( m51 ^? attributes are to be held significative ( hon\r1 t m5 int5d %all s be2 & :atsoev] may be done by ! wills ( p>ticul> m51 :]e !re is no law b reason1 may be done by ! w ( ! commonweal?1 by laws civil4 ,& because a commonweal? ha? no w1 nor makes no laws1 b ^? t are made by ! w ( him1 or !m t h ! sov]eign p[]2 x foll[e? t ^? attributes :i* ! sov]eign orda9e?1 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god1 = signs ( hon\r1 ought to be tak5 & us$ = su*1 by private m5 9 _! public wor%ip4 ,sid5ote3 ,n all actions4 ,b because n all actions are signs by con/itution1 b "s are naturally signs ( hon\r1 o!rs ( contumely2 ^! latt]1 :i* are ^? t m5 are a%am$ to d 9 ! sight ( !m !y rev]5ce1 _c be made by human p[] a "p ( ,div9e wor%ip2 nor ! =m]1 su* z are dec5t1 mode/1 humble behavi\r1 ev] be sep>at$ f x4 ,b :]eas !re be an inf9ite numb] ( actions & ge/ures ( an indiff]5t nature2 su* ( !m z ! commonweal? %all orda9 to be publicly & univ]sally 9 use1 z signs ( hon\r1 & "p ( ,god's wor%ip1 are to be tak5 & us$ = su* by ! subjects4 ,& t :i* is said 9 ! ,scripture1 ,x is bett] to obey ,god ?an man1 ha? place 9 ! k+dom ( ,god by pact1 & n by nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural puni%m5ts4 ,hav+ ?us briefly spok5 ( ! natural k+dom ( ,god1 & 8 natural laws1 ,i w add only to ?is *apt] a %ort decl>ation ( 8 natural puni%m5ts4 ,!re is no action ( man 9 ?is life1 t is n ! beg9n+ ( s long a *a9 ( consequ5ces1 z no human provid5ce is high en\gh1 to give a man a prospect to ! end4 ,& 9 ?is *a91 !re are l9k$ toge!r bo? pleas+ & unpleas+ ev5ts2 9 su* mann]1 z he t w d any?+ = 8 pleasure1 mu/ engage himself to suff] all ! pa9s annex$ to x2 & ^! pa9s1 are ! natural puni%m5ts ( ^? actions1 :i* are ! beg9n+ ( m h>m ?an good4 ,& h]eby x comes to pass1 t intemp]ance is naturally puni%$ ) diseases2 ra%ness1 ) mis*ances2 inju/ice1 ) ! viol5ce ( enemies2 pride1 ) ru92 c[>dice1 ) oppression2 neglig5t gov]nm5t ( pr9ces1 ) rebellion2 & rebellion1 ) slaught]4 ,= see+ puni%m5ts are consequ5t to ! brea* ( laws2 natural puni%m5ts mu/ be naturally consequ5t to ! brea* ( ! laws ( nature2 & !re=e foll[ !m z _! natural1 n arbitr>y effects4 ,sid5ote3 ,! conclusion ( ! second "p4 ,& ?us f> conc]n+ ! con/itution1 nature1 & "r ( sov]eigns1 & conc]n+ ! duty ( subjects1 d]iv$ f ! pr9ciples ( natural reason4 ,& n[1 consid]+ h[ diff]5t ?is doctr9e is1 f ! practice ( ! greate/ "p ( ! _w1 especially ( ^! we/]n p>ts1 t h receiv$ _! moral le>n+ f ,rome & ,a!ns2 & h[ mu* dep? ( moral philosophy is requir$1 9 !m t h ! adm9i/ration ( ! sov]eign p[]2 ,i am at ! po9t ( believ+ ?is my lab\r1 z useless1 z ! commonweal? ( ,plato4 ,= he also is ( op9ion t x is impossible = ! disord]s ( /ate1 & *ange ( gov]nm5ts by civil w>1 ev] to be tak5 away1 till sov]eigns be philosoph]s4 ,b :5 ,i consid] aga91 t ! sci5ce ( natural ju/ice1 is ! only sci5ce necess>y = sov]eigns & _! pr9cipal m9i/]s2 & t !y ne$ n be *>g$ ) ! sci5ces ma!matical1 z by ,plato !y are1 f>!r ?an by good laws to enc\rage m5 to ! /udy ( !m2 & t nei!r ,plato1 nor any o!r philosoph] hi!rto1 ha? put into ord]1 & suffici5tly or probably prov$ all ! !orems ( moral doctr9e1 t m5 may le>n !reby1 bo? h[ to gov]n1 & h[ to obey2 ,i recov] "s hope1 t "o "t or o!r1 ?is writ+ ( m9e may fall into ! h&s ( a sov]eign1 :o w consid] x himself1 7= x is %ort1 & ,i ?9k cle>17 )\t ! help ( any int]e/$1 or envi\s int]pret]2 & by ! ex]cise ( entire sov]eignty1 9 protect+ ! public tea*+ ( x1 conv]t ?is tru? ( speculation1 into ! utility ( practice4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,( ,a ,,*ri/ian ,,commonweal?4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,politics4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ^w ( ,god deliv]$ by prophets is ! ma9 pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ian politics4 ,i h d]iv$ ! rights ( sov]eign p[]1 & ! duty ( subjects1 hi!rto f ! pr9ciples ( nature only2 su* z exp]i5ce has f\nd true1 or cons5t conc]n+ ! use ( words has made s2 t is to say1 f ! nature ( m51 kn[n to u by exp]i5ce1 & f def9itions ( su* words z are ess5tial to all political reason+1 univ]sally agre$ on4 ,b 9 t ,i am next to h&le1 :i* is ! nature & rights ( a ,,*ri/ian ,,commonweal?1 :]e( !re dep5de? mu* ^u sup]natural revelations ( ! w ( ,god2 ! gr\nd ( my disc\rse mu/ be1 n only ! natural ^w ( ,god1 b also ! prophetical4 ,sid5ote3 ,yet is n natural reason to be r5\nc$4 ,nev]!less1 we are n to r5\nce our s5ses1 & exp]i5ce2 nor1 t :i* is ! und\bt$ ^w ( ,god1 our natural reason4 ,= !y are ! tal5ts :i* he ha? put into our h&s to negotiate1 till ! com+ aga9 ( our bless$ ,savi\r2 & !re=e n to be fold$ up 9 ! napk9 ( an implicit fai?1 b employ$ 9 ! pur*ase ( ju/ice1 peace1 & true religion4 ,= ?\gh !re be _m ?+s 9 ,god's ^w above reason2 t x is to say1 :i* _c by natural reason be ei!r demon/rat$1 or confut$2 yet !re is no?+ contr>y to x2 b :5 x seeme? s1 ! fault is ei!r 9 our unskilful int]pretation1 or errone\s ratioc9ation4 ,!re=e1 :5 any?+ !re9 writt5 is too h>d = our exam9ation1 we are bidd5 to captivate our und]/&+ to ! words2 & n to lab\r 9 sift+ out a philosophical tru? by logic1 ( su* my/]ies z are n compreh5sible1 nor fall "u any rule ( natural sci5ce4 ,= x is ) ! my/]ies ( our religion1 z ) :olesome pills = ! sick2 :i* swall[$ :ole1 h ! virtue to cure2 b *ew$1 are = ! mo/ "p ca/ up aga9 )\t effect4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at x is to captivate ! und]/&+4 ,b by ! captivity ( our und]/&+1 is n meant a submission ( ! intellectual faculty to ! op9ion ( any o!r man2 b ( ! w to ob$i5ce1 :]e ob$i5ce is due4 ,= s5se1 memory1 und]/&+1 reason1 & op9ion are n 9 our p[] to *ange2 b always1 & necess>ily su*1 z ! ?+s we see1 he>1 & consid] sugge/ unto u2 & !re=e are n effects ( our w1 b our w ( !m4 ,we !n captivate our und]/&+ & reason1 :5 we =be> contradiction2 :5 we s speak1 z by lawful au?ority we are comm&$2 & :5 we live accord+ly2 :i*1 9 sum1 is tru/ & fai? repos$ 9 him t speake?1 ?\gh ! m9d be incapable ( any notion at all f ! words spok54 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ ,god speake? to m54 ,:5 ,god speake? to man1 x mu/ be ei!r imm$iately2 or by m$iation ( ano!r man1 to :om he _h =m]ly spok5 by himself imm$iately4 ,h[ ,god speake? to a man imm$iately1 may be und]/ood by ^? well en\gh1 to :om he ha? s spok52 b h[ ! same %\ld be und]/ood by ano!r1 is h>d1 if n impossible to "k4 ,= if a man pret5d to me1 t ,god ha? spok5 to him sup]naturally & imm$iately1 & ,i make d\bt ( x1 ,i _c easily p]ceive :at argum5t he c produce1 to oblige me to believe x4 ,x is true1 t if he be my sov]eign1 he may oblige me to ob$i5ce1 s1 z n by act or ^w to decl>e ,i believe him n2 b n to ?9k any o!rwise ?an my reason p]suades me4 ,b if "o t ha? n su* au?ority ov] me1 %\ld pret5d ! same1 !re is no?+ t exacte? ei!r belief1 or ob$i5ce4 ,= to say t ,god ha? spok5 to him 9 ! ,holy ,scripture1 is n to say ,god ha? spok5 to him imm$iately1 b by m$iation ( ! prophets1 or ( ! apo/les1 or ( ! *ur*1 9 su* mann] z he speaks to all o!r ,*ri/ian m54 ,to say he ha? spok5 to him 9 a dream1 is no m ?an to say he dream$ t ,god spake to him2 :i* is n ( =ce to w9 belief f any man1 t kn[s dreams are = ! mo/ "p natural1 & may proce$ f =m] ?\ghts2 & su* dreams z t1 f self-conceit1 & fooli% arrogance1 & false op9ion ( a man's own godl9ess1 or o!r virtue1 by :i* he ?9ks he ha? m]it$ ! fav\r ( extraord9>y revelation4 ,to say he ha? se5 a vision1 or he>d a voice1 is to say1 t he ha? dream$ betwe5 sleep+ & wak+3 = 9 su* mann] a man do? _m times naturally take 8 dream = a vision1 z n hav+ well obs]v$ 8 own slumb]+4 ,to say he speaks by sup]natural inspiration1 is to say he f9ds an ard5t desire to speak1 or "s /rong op9ion ( himself1 = :i* he c allege no natural & suffici5t reason4 ,s t ?\gh ,god ,almighty c speak to a man by dreams1 visions1 voice1 & inspiration2 yet he obliges no man to believe he ha? s done to him t pret5ds x2 :o1 be+ a man1 may err1 &1 :i* is m1 may lie4 ,sid5ote3 ,by :at m>ks prophets are kn[n4 ,h[ !n c he1 to :om ,god ha? nev] reveal$ 8 w imm$iately1 sav+ by ! way ( natural reason1 "k :5 he is to obey1 or n to obey 8 ^w1 deliv]$ by him t says he is a prophet8 ,( f\r hundr$ prophets1 ( :om ! k+ ( ,israel ask$ c\nsel1 conc]n+ ! w> he made aga9/ ,ramo? ,gilead1 7#a ,k+s1 xxii47 only ,micaiah 0 a true "o4 ,! prophet t 0 s5t to prophecy aga9/ ! alt> set up by ,j]oboam1 7#a ,k+s1 xiii47 ?\gh a true prophet1 & t by two miracles done 9 8 pres5ce1 appe>s to be a prophet s5t f ,god1 0 yet deceiv$ by ano!r old prophet1 t p]suad$ him z f ! m\? ( ,god1 to eat & dr9k ) him4 ,if "o prophet deceive ano!r1 :at c]ta9ty is !re ( kn[+ ! w ( ,god1 by o!r way ?an t ( reason8 ,to :i* ,i answ] out ( ! ,holy ,scripture1 t !re be two m>ks1 by :i* toge!r1 n asund]1 a true prophet is to be kn[n4 ,"o is ! do+ ( miracles2 ! o!r is ! n tea*+ any o!r religion ?an t :i* is already e/abli%$4 ,asund]1 ,i say1 nei!r ( ^! is suffici5t4 ,if a prophet rise among/ y1 or a dream] ( dreams1 & %all pret5d ! do+ ( a miracle & ! miracle come to pass2 if he say1 ,let u foll[ /range ,gods1 :i* ?\ ha/ n kn[n1 ?\ %alt n he>k5 to him1 c4 ,b t prophet & dream] ( dreams %all be put to dea?1 because he ha? spok5 to y to revolt f ! ,"l y\r ,god4 7,deut4 xiii4 #a-e47 ,9 :i* words two ?+s are to be obs]v$2 fir/1 t ,god w n h miracles alone s]ve = argum5ts1 to approve ! prophet's call+2 b1 z x is 9 ! ?ird v]se1 = an exp]im5t ( ! con/ancy ( our adh]5ce to himself4 ,= ! works ( ! ,egyptian sorc]]s1 ?\gh n s great z ^? ( ,moses1 yet 7 great miracles4 ,secondly1 t h[ great soev] ! miracle be1 yet if x t5d to /ir up revolt aga9/ ! k+1 or him t gov]ne? by ! k+'s au?ority1 he t do? su* miracle1 is n to be consid]$ o!rwise ?an z s5t to make trial ( _! allegiance4 ,= ^! words1 revolt f ! ,"l y\r ,god1 are 9 ?is place equival5t to revolt f y\r k+4 ,= !y _h made ,god _! k+ by pact at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,s9ai2 :o rul$ !m by ,moses only2 = he only spake ) ,god1 & f "t to "t decl>$ ,god's comm&m5ts to ! p4 ,9 l mann]1 aft] our ,savi\r ,*ri/ _h made 8 disciples ackn[l$ge him = ! ,messiah1 7t is to say1 = ,god's ano9t$1 :om ! nation ( ! ,jews daily expect$ = _! k+1 b refus$ :5 he came17 he omitt$ n to adv]tise !m ( ! dang] ( miracles4 ,!re %all arise1 sai? he1 false ,*ri/s1 & false prophets1 & %all d great wond]s & miracles1 ev5 to ! s$uc+1 if x 7 possible1 ( ! v elect4 7,matt4 xxiv4 #bd47 ,by :i* x appe>s1 t false prophets may h ! p[] ( miracles2 yet are we n to take _! doctr9e = ,god's ^w4 ,/4 ,paul says f>!r to ! ,galatians1 7,gal4 i4 #h47 t if himself1 or an angel f heav5 prea* ano!r gospel to !m1 ?an he _h prea*$1 let him be accurs$4 ,t gospel 01 t ,*ri/ 0 ,k+2 s t all prea*+ aga9/ ! p[] ( ! k+ receiv$1 9 consequ5ce to ^! words1 is by ,/4 ,paul accurs$4 ,= 8 spee* is address$ to ^?1 :o by 8 prea*+ _h already receiv$ ,jesus = ! ,*ri/1 t is to say1 = ,k+ ( ! ,jews4 ,sid5ote3 ,! m>ks ( a prophet 9 ! old law1 miracles1 & doctr9e com=mable to ! law4 ,& z miracles1 )\t prea*+ t doctr9e :i* ,god ha? e/abli%$2 s prea*+ ! true doctr9e1 )\t ! do+ ( miracles1 is an insuffici5t argum5t ( imm$iate revelation4 ,= if a man t tea*e? n false doctr9e1 %\ld pret5d to be a prophet )\t %[+ any miracle1 he is nev] ! m to be reg>d$ = 8 pret5ce1 z is evid5t by ,deut4 xviii4 v4 #ba1 #bb1 ,if ?\ say 9 ?y he>t1 ,h[ %all we "k t ! ^w 7( ! prophet7 is n t :i* ! ,"l ha? spok58 :5 ! prophet %all h spok5 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 t :i* %all n come to pass1 t is ! ^w :i* ! ,"l ha? n spok51 b ! prophet has spok5 x out ( ! pride ( 8 own he>t1 fe> him n4 ,b a man may "h aga9 ask1 :5 ! prophet ha? =etold a ?+1 h[ %all we "k :e!r x w come to pass or n8 ,= he may =etell x z a ?+ to arrive aft] a c]ta9 long "t1 long] ?an ! "t ( man's life2 or indef9itely1 t x w come to pass "o "t or o!r3 9 :i* case ?is m>k ( a prophet is unuseful2 & !re=e ! miracles t oblige u to believe a prophet1 ought to be confirm$ by an imm$iate1 or a n long def]r$ ev5t4 ,s t x is manife/1 t ! tea*+ ( ! religion :i* ,god ha? e/abli%$1 & ! %[+ ( a pres5t miracle1 jo9$ toge!r1 7 ! only m>ks :]eby ! ,scripture w\ld h a true prophet1 t is to say1 imm$iate revelation1 to be ackn[l$g$2 nei!r ( !m be+ s+ly suffici5t to oblige any o!r man to reg>d :at he sai?4 ,sid5ote3 ,miracles ceas+1 prophets cease1 & ! ,scripture supplies _! place4 ,see+ !re=e miracles n[ cease1 we h no sign left1 :]eby to ackn[l$ge ! pret5d$ revelations or inspirations ( any private man2 nor obligation to give e> to any doctr9e1 f>!r ?an x is con=mable to ! ,holy ,scriptures1 :i* s9ce ! "t ( our ,savi\r1 supply ! place1 & suffici5tly recomp5se ! want ( all o!r prophecy2 & f :i*1 by wise & le>n$ int]pretation1 & c>eful ratioc9ation1 all rules & precepts necess>y to ! k ( our duty bo? to ,god & man1 )\t en?usiasm or sup]natural inspiration1 may easily be d$uc$4 ,& ?is ,scripture is x1 out ( :i* ,i am to take ! pr9ciples ( my disc\rse1 conc]n+ ! rights ( ^? t are ! supreme gov]nors on e>? ( ,*ri/ian commonweal?s2 & ( ! duty ( ,*ri/ian subjects t[>ds _! sov]eigns4 ,& to t end1 ,i %all speak 9 ! next *apt]1 ( ! books1 writ]s1 scope & au?ority ( ! ,bible4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,,( ,,! ,,numb]1 ,,antiquity1 ,,scope1 ,,au?ority ,,& ,,int]pret]s ,,( ,,! ,,books ,,( ,,holy ,,scripture4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! books ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,by ! ,books ( ,holy ,,scripture1 are und]/ood ^?1 :i* ought to be ! canon1 t is to say1 ! rules ( ,*ri/ian life4 ,& because all rules ( life1 :i* m5 are 9 consci5ce b\nd to obs]ve1 are laws2 ! "q ( ! ,scripture1 is ! "q ( :at is law ?r\gh\t all ,*ri/5dom1 bo? natural & civil4 ,= ?\gh x be n det]m9$ 9 ,scripture1 :at laws e ,*ri/ian k+ %all con/itute 9 8 own dom9ions2 yet x is det]m9$ :at laws he %all n con/itute4 ,see+ !re=e ,i h already prov$1 t sov]eigns 9 _! own dom9ions are ! sole legislators2 ^? books only are canonical1 t is1 law1 9 e nation1 :i* are e/abli%$ = su* by ! sov]eign au?ority4 ,x is true1 t ,god is ! sov]eign ( all sov]eigns2 & !re=e1 :5 he speaks to any subject1 he ought to be obey$1 :atsoev] any e>?ly pot5tate comm& to ! contr>y4 ,b ! "q is n ( ob$i5ce to ,god1 b ( :5 & :at ,god ha? said2 :i* to subjects t h no sup]natural revelation1 _c be kn[n1 b by t natural reason1 :i* guide? !m1 = ! obta9+ ( peace & ju/ice1 to obey ! au?ority ( _! sev]al commonweal?s1 t is to say1 ( _! lawful sov]eigns4 ,accord+ to ?is obligation1 ,i c ackn[l$ge no o!r books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 to be ,holy ,scripture1 b ^? :i* h be5 comm&$ to be ackn[l$g$ = su*1 by ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,:at books ^! are1 is suffici5tly kn[n1 )\t a catalogue ( !m "h2 & !y are ! same t are ackn[l$g$ by ,/4 ,j]ome1 :o holde? ! re/1 namely1 ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon1 ,ecclesia/icus1 ,judi?1 ,tobias1 ! fir/ & ! second ( ,maccabees1 7?\gh he _h se5 ! fir/ 9 ,hebrew17 & ! ?ird & f\r? ( ,esdras1 = ,apocrypha4 ,( ! canonical1 ,josephus1 a le>n$ ,jew1 t wrote 9 ! "t ( ! emp]or ,domitian1 reckone? tw5ty-two1 mak+ ! numb] agree ) ! ,hebrew alphabet4 ,/4 ,j]ome does ! same1 ?\gh !y reckon !m 9 diff]5t mann]4 ,= ,josephus numb]s five ,books ( ,moses1 ?irte5 ( ,prophets t writ ! hi/ory ( _! own times1 7:i* h[ x agrees ) ! prophets' writ+s conta9$ 9 ! ,bible we %all see h]eaft]17 & f\r ( hymns & moral precepts4 ,b ,/4 ,j]ome reckons five books ( ,moses1 eight ( ,prophets1 & n9e ( o!r ,holy ,writ1 :i* he calls ( 4 ,! ,septuag9t1 :o 7 sev5ty le>n$ m5 ( ! ,jews1 s5t = by ,ptolemy1 k+ ( ,egypt1 to translate ! ,jewi% law out ( ! ,hebrew into ! ,greek1 h left u no o!r = ,holy ,scripture 9 ! ,greek tongue1 b ! same t are receiv$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! antiquity4 ,z = ! ,books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 !y are equally ackn[l$g$ = canon by all ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 & by all sects ( ,*ri/ians1 t admit any books at all = canonical4 ,:o 7 ! orig9al writ]s ( ! sev]al ,books ( ,holy ,scripture1 has n be5 made evid5t by any suffici5t te/imony ( o!r hi/ory1 :i* is ! only pro( ( matt] ( fact2 nor c be1 by any argum5ts ( natural reason3 = reason s]ves only to conv9ce ! tru?1 n ( fact1 b1 ( consequ5ce4 ,! light !re=e t mu/ guide u 9 ?is "q1 mu/ be t :i* is held out unto u f ! books !mselves3 & ?is light1 ?\gh x %[ u n ! writ] ( e book1 yet x is n unuseful to give u k ( ! "t1 :]e9 !y 7 writt54 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,p5tateu* n writt5 by ,moses4 ,& fir/1 = ! ,p5tateu*1 x is n argum5t en\gh t !y 7 writt5 by ,moses1 because !y are call$ ! five ,books ( ,moses2 no m ?an ^! titles1 ! ,book ( ,jo%ua1 ! ,book ( ,judges1 ! ,book ( ,ru?1 & ! ,books ( ! ,k+s1 are argum5ts suffici5t to prove1 t !y 7 writt5 by ,jo%ua1 by ! ,judges1 by ,ru?1 & by ! ,k+s4 ,= 9 titles ( books1 ! subject is m>k$1 z (t5 z ! writ]4 ,! hi/ory ( ,livy1 d5otes ! writ]2 b ! hi/ory ( ,sc&]b]g1 is d5om9at$ f ! subject4 ,we read 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,deut]onomy1 v]se #f?1 conc]n+ ! sepul*re ( ,moses1 t no man kn[e? ( 8 sepul*re to ?is day1 t is1 to to ! day :]e9 ^? words 7 writt54 ,x is !re=e manife/1 t ^? words 7 writt5 aft] 8 int]m5t4 ,= x 7 a /range int]pretation1 to say ,moses spake ( 8 own sepul*re1 ?\gh by prophecy1 t x 0 n f\nd to t day1 :]e9 he 0 yet liv+4 ,b x may p]haps be alleg$1 t ! la/ *apt] only1 n ! :ole ,p5tateu*1 0 writt5 by "s o!r man1 b ! re/ n4 ,let u !re=e consid] t :i* we f9d 9 ! book ( ,g5esis1 7xii4 #f47 ,& ,abraham pass$ ?r\gh ! l& to ! place ( ,si*em1 unto ! pla9 ( ,moreh1 & ! ,canaanite 0 !n 9 ! l&2 :i* mu/ ne$s be ! words ( "o t wrote :5 ! ,canaanite 0 n 9 ! l&2 & consequ5tly1 n ( ,moses1 :o di$ be=e he came into x4 ,likewise ,numb]s1 xxi4 #ad1 ! writ] cite? ano!r m anci5t book1 entitl$1 ,! ,book ( ! ,w>s ( ! ,"l1 :]e9 7 regi/]$ ! acts ( ,moses1 at ! ,r$ ,sea1 & at ! brook ( ,arnon4 ,x is !re=e suffici5tly evid5t1 t ! five ,books ( ,moses 7 writt5 aft] 8 "t1 ?\gh h[ long aft] x be n s manife/4 ,b ?\gh ,moses did n compile ^? books entirely1 & 9 ! =m we h !m2 yet he wrote all t :i* he is !re said to h writt53 z = example1 ! ,volume ( ! ,law1 :i* is conta9$1 z x seeme?1 9 ! xi?4 ( ,deut]onomy1 & ! foll[+ *apt]s to ! xxvii?4 :i* 0 also comm&$ to be writt5 on /ones1 9 _! entry into ! l& ( ,canaan4 ,& ?is also did ,moses himself write1 7,deut4 xxxi4 #i1 #aj7 & deliv]$ to ! prie/s & eld]s ( ,israel1 to be read e sev5? ye> to all ,israel1 at _! assembl+ 9 ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles4 ,& ?is is t law :i* ,god comm&$1 t _! k+s1 :5 !y %\ld h e/abli%$ t =m ( gov]nm5t1 %\ld take a copy ( f ! prie/s & ,levites3 & :i* ,moses comm&$ ! prie/s & ,levites to lay 9 ! side ( ! ark1 7,deut4 xxxi4 #bf72 & ! same :i* hav+ be5 lo/1 0 long "t aft] f\nd aga9 by ,hilkiah1 & s5t to k+ ,josias 7#b ,k+s xxii4 #h7 :o caus+ x to be read to ! p1 7#b ,k+s xxiii4 #a1 #b1 #c7 r5ew$ ! cov5ant betwe5 ,god & !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! book ( ,jo%ua writt5 aft] 8 "t4 ,t ! book ( ,jo%ua 0 also writt5 long aft] ! "t ( ,jo%ua1 may be ga!r$ out ( _m places ( ! book itself4 ,jo%ua _h set up twelve /ones 9 ! mid/ ( ,jordan1 = a monum5t ( _! passage2 ( :i* ! writ] sai? ?us1 ,!y are !re unto ?is day 7,jo%4 iv4 #i72 = unto ?is day1 is a phrase t signifie? a "t pa/1 beyond ! memory ( man4 ,9 l mann]1 ^u ! say+ ( ! ,"l1 t he _h roll$ (f f ! p ! reproa* ( ,egypt1 ! writ] sai?1 ,! place is call$ ,gilgal unto ?is day 7,jo%4 v4 #i72 :i* to h said 9 ! "t ( ,jo%ua _h be5 improp]4 ,s also ! "n ( ! valley ( ,a*or1 f ! tr\ble t ,a*an rais$ 9 ! camp1 ! writ] sai?1 rema9e? unto ?is day 7,jo%4 vii4 #bf72 :i* mu/ ne$s be !re=e long aft] ! "t ( ,jo%ua4 ,argum5ts ( ?is k9d !re be _m o!r2 z ,jo%4 viii4 #bi1 xiii4 #ac1 xiv4 #ad1 xv4 #fc4 ,sid5ote3 ,! books ( ,judges & ,ru? writt5 long aft] ! captivity4 ,! same is manife/ by l argum5ts ( ! book ( ,judges1 *ap4 i4 #ba1 #bf1 vi4 #bd1 x4 #d1 xv4 #ai1 xvii4 #f1 & ,ru? i4 #a2 b especially ,judg4 xviii4 #cj1 :]e x is said1 t ,jona?an & 8 sons 7 prie/s to ! tribe ( ,dan1 until ! day ( ! captivity ( ! l&4 ,sid5ote3 ,! l ( ! books ( ,samuel4 ,t ! books ( ,samuel 7 also writt5 aft] 8 own "t1 !re are ! l argum5ts1 #a ,sam4 v4 #e1 vii4 #ac1 #ae2 xxvii1 #f1 & xxx4 #be1 :]e1 aft] ,david _h adjudg$ equal "p ( ! spoils1 to !m t gu>d$ ! ammunition1 ) !m t f\ght1 ! writ] sai?1 ,he made x a /atute & an ord9ance to ,israel to ?is day4 ,aga91 :5 ,david1 displeas$1 t ! ,"l _h sla9 ,uzzah1 = putt+ out 8 h& to su/a9 ! ark1 call$ ! place ,p]ez-,uzzah1 ! writ] sai?1 7#b ,sam4 vi4 #h7 x is call$ s to ?is day3 ! "t !re=e ( ! writ+ ( t book1 mu/ be long aft] ! "t ( ! fact2 t is1 long aft] ! "t ( ,david4 ,sid5ote3 ,! books ( ! ,k+s1 & ! ,*ronicles4 ,z = ! two books ( ! ,k+s1 & ! two books ( ! ,*ronicles1 besides ! places :i* m5tion su* monum5ts1 z ! writ] sai?1 rema9$ till 8 own days2 su* z are #a ,k+s ix4 #ac1 ix4 #ba1 x4 #ab1 xii4 #ai4 #b ,k+s ii4 #bb1 viii4 #bb1 x4 #bg1 xiv4 #g1 xvi4 #f1 xvii4 #bc1 xvii4 #cd1 xvii4 #da1 & #a ,*ron4 iv4 #da1 v4 #bf3 x is argum5t suffici5t !y 7 writt5 aft] ! captivity 9 ,babylon1 t ! hi/ory ( !m is cont9u$ till t "t4 ,= ! facts regi/]$ are always m anci5t ?an ! regi/]2 & mu* m anci5t ?an su* books z make m5tion (1 & quote ! regi/]2 z ^! books d 9 div]s places1 ref]r+ ! read] to ! ,*ronicles ( ! ,k+s ( ,judah1 to ! ,*ronicles ( ! ,k+s ( ,israel1 to ! ,books ( ! prophet ,samuel1 ( ! prophet ,na?an1 ( ! prophet ,ahijah2 to ! ,vision ( ,jehdo1 to ! books ( ! prophet ,s]veiah1 & ( ! prophet ,addo4 ,sid5ote3 ,ezra & ,nehemiah4 ,! books ( ,ezra & ,nehemiah 7 writt5 c]ta9ly aft] _! return f captivity2 because _! return1 ! re-edification ( ! walls & h\ses ( ,j]usalem1 ! r5ovation ( ! cov5ant1 & ord9ation ( _! policy1 are !re9 conta9$4 ,sid5ote3 ,e/h]4 ,! hi/ory ( ,que5 ,e/h] is ( ! "t ( ! captivity2 & !re=e ! writ] mu/ h be5 ( ! same "t1 or aft] x4 ,sid5ote3 ,job4 ,! book ( ,job ha? no m>k 9 x ( ! "t :]e9 x 0 writt52 & ?\gh x appe> suffici5tly 7,ezekiel xiv4 #ad1 & ,james v4 #aa7 t he 0 no feign$ p]son2 yet ! book itself seeme? n to be a hi/ory1 b a treatise conc]n+ a "q 9 anci5t "t mu* disput$1 :y wick$ m5 h (t5 prosp]$ 9 ?is _w1 & good m5 h be5 afflict$2 & ?is is ! m probable1 because f ! beg9n+1 to ! ?ird v]se ( ! ?ird *apt]1 :]e ! compla9t ( ,job beg9ne?1 ! ,hebrew is1 z ,/4 ,j]ome te/ifies1 9 prose2 & f !nce to ! six? v]se ( ! la/ *apt]1 9 hexamet] v]ses2 & ! re/ ( t *apt] aga9 9 prose4 ,s t ! dispute is all 9 v]se2 & ! prose is add$1 b z a preface 9 ! beg9n+1 & an epilogue 9 ! end4 ,b v]se is no usual /yle ( su*1 z ei!r are !mselves 9 great pa91 z ,job2 or ( su* z come to com=t !m1 z 8 fri5ds2 b 9 philosophy1 especially moral philosophy1 9 anci5t "t frequ5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,psalt]4 ,! ,psalms 7 writt5 ! mo/ "p by ,david1 = ! use ( ! quire4 ,to ^! are add$ "s songs ( ,moses1 & o!r holy m52 & "s ( !m aft] ! return f ! captivity1 z ! #acg? & ! #abf?1 :]eby x is manife/ t ! ,psalt] 0 compil$1 & put into ! =m x n[ ha?1 aft] ! return ( ! ,jews f ,babylon4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,prov]bs4 ,! ,prov]bs1 be+ a collection ( wise & godly say+s1 p>tly ( ,solomon1 p>tly ( ,agur1 ! son ( ,jakeh1 & p>tly ( ! "m ( k+ ,lemuel1 _c probably be ?\ght to h be5 collect$ by ,solomon1 r ?an by ,agur1 or ! "m ( ,lemuel2 & t1 ?\gh ! s5t5ces be !irs1 yet ! collection or compil+ !m into ?is "o book1 0 ! "w ( "s o!r godly man1 t liv$ aft] !m all4 ,sid5ote3 ,ecclesia/es & ! ,canticles4 ,! books ( ,ecclesia/es & ! ,canticles h no?+ t 0 n ,solomon's1 except x be ! titles1 or inscriptions4 ,= ,! ,words ( ! ,prea*]1 ! son ( ,david1 k+ 9 ,j]usalem2 &1 ,! ,song ( ,songs1 :i* is ,solomon's1 seem to h be5 made = di/9ction's sake1 !n1 :5 ! ,books ( ,scripture 7 ga!r$ into "o body ( ! law2 to ! end1 t n ! doctr9e only1 b ! au?ors also might be extant4 ,sid5ote3 ,prophets4 ,( ! prophets1 ! mo/ anci5t1 are ,zephaniah1 ,jonah1 ,amos1 ,hosea1 ,isaiah1 & ,mi*ah1 :o liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,amaziah & ,az>iah1 o!rwise ,ozias1 k+s ( ,judah4 ,b ! book ( ,jonah is n prop]ly a regi/] ( 8 prophecy2 = t is conta9$ 9 ^! few words1 ,=ty days & ,n9iveh %all be de/roy$2 b a hi/ory or n>ration ( 8 fr[>dness & disput+ ,god's comm&m5ts2 s t !re is small probability he %\ld be ! au?or1 see+ he is ! subject ( x4 ,b ! book ( ,amos is 8 prophecy4 ,j]emiah1 ,obadiah1 ,nahum1 & ,habakkuk propheci$ 9 ! "t ( ,josiah4 ,ezekiel1 ,daniel1 ,haggai1 & ,ze*>iah1 9 ! captivity4 ,:5 ,joel & ,mala*i propheci$1 is n evid5t by _! writ+s4 ,b consid]+ ! inscriptions1 or titles ( _! books1 x is manife/ en\gh1 t ! :ole ,scripture ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 0 set =? 9 ! =m we h x1 aft] ! return ( ! ,jews f _! captivity 9 ,babylon1 & be=e ! "t ( ,ptolomu ,philadelphus1 t caus$ x to be translat$ into ,greek by sev5ty m51 :i* 7 s5t him out ( ,judea = t purpose4 ,& if ! books ( ,apocrypha1 :i* are recomm5d$ to u by ! *ur*1 ?\gh n = canonical1 yet = pr(itable books = our in/ruction1 may 9 ?is po9t be cr$it$1 ! ,scripture 0 set =? 9 ! =m we h x 91 by ,esdras3 z may appe> by t :i* he himself sai?1 9 ! second book1 7*apt] xiv4 v]se #ba1 #bb1 c47 :]e speak+ to ,god1 he sai? ?us1 ,?y law is burnt2 !re=e no man kn[e? ! ?+s :i* ?\ ha/ done1 or ! works t are to beg94 ,b if ,i h f\nd grace be=e !e1 s5d d[n ! holy _s into me1 & ,i %all write all t ha? be5 done 9 ! _w1 s9ce ! beg9n+1 :i* 7 writt5 9 ?y law1 t m5 may f9d ?y pa?1 & t !y :i* w live 9 ! latt] day1 may live4 ,& v]se #de3 ,& x came to pass :5 ! =ty days 7 fulfill$1 t ! highe/ spake1 say+1 ,! fir/ t ?\ ha/ writt51 publi% op5ly1 t ! wor?y & unwor?y may read x2 b keep ! sev5ty la/1 t ?\ maye/ deliv] !m only to su* z be wise among ! p4 ,& ?us mu* conc]n+ ! "t ( ! writ+ ( ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t liv$ all 9 less ?an an age aft] ,*ri/'s asc5sion1 & _h all ( !m se5 our ,savi\r1 or be5 8 disciples1 except ,/4 ,paul1 & ,/4 ,luke2 & consequ5tly :atsoev] 0 writt5 by !m1 is z anci5t z ! "t ( ! apo/les4 ,b ! "t :]e9 ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 receiv$1 & ackn[l$g$ by ! *ur* to be ( _! writ+1 is n altoge!r s anci5t4 ,=1 z ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t are d]iv$ to u1 f no o!r "t ?an t ( ,esdras1 :o by ! direction ( ,god's _s retriev$ !m1 :5 !y 7 lo/3 ^? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ( :i* ! copies 7 n _m1 nor c\ld easily be all 9 any "o private man's h&1 _c be d]iv$ f a high] "t1 ?an t :]e9 ! gov]nors ( ! *ur* collect$1 approv$1 & recomm5d$ !m to u1 z ! writ+s ( ^? apo/les & disciples1 "u ^: names !y g4 ,! fir/ enum]ation ( all ! books1 bo? ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 is 9 ! canons ( ! apo/les1 suppos$ to be collect$ by ,clem5t1 ! fir/ 7aft] ,/4 ,pet]7 bi%op ( ,rome4 ,b because t is b suppos$1 & by _m que/ion$1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,laodicea is ! fir/ we "k1 t recomm5d$ ! ,bible to ! !n ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 = ! writ+s ( ! prophets & apo/les3 & ?is ,c\ncil 0 held 9 ! #cfd? ye> aft] ,*ri/4 ,at :i* "t1 ?\gh ambition _h s f> prevail$ on ! great doctors ( ! *ur*1 z no m to e/eem emp]ors1 ?\gh ,*ri/ian1 = ! %eph]ds ( ! p1 b = %eep2 & emp]ors n ,*ri/ian1 = wolves2 & endeav\r$ to pass _! doctr9e1 n = c\nsel & in=mation1 z prea*]s2 b = laws1 z absolute gov]nors2 & ?\ght su* frauds z t5d$ to make ! p ! m ob$i5t to ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 to be pi\s2 yet ,i am p]suad$ !y did n !re=e falsify ! ,scriptures1 ?\gh ! copies ( ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 7 9 ! h&s only ( ! ecclesia/ics2 because if !y _h _h an int5tion s to d1 !y w\ld surely h made !m m fav\rable to _! p[] ov] ,*ri/ian pr9ces1 & civil sov]eignty1 ?an !y are4 ,i see n !re=e any reason to d\bt b t ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 z we h !m n[1 are ! true regi/]s ( ^? ?+s1 :i* 7 done & said by ! prophets & apo/les4 ,& s p]haps are "s ( ^? books :i* are call$ apocrypha1 & left out ( ! canon1 n = incon=mity ( doctr9e ) ! re/1 b only because !y are n f\nd 9 ! ,hebrew4 ,= aft] ! conque/ ( ,asia by ,alex&] ! ,great1 !re 7 few le>n$ ,jews1 t 7 n p]fect 9 ! ,greek tongue4 ,= ! sev5ty int]pret]s t conv]t$ ! ,bible into ,greek1 7 all ( !m ,hebrews2 & we h extant ! works ( ,philo & ,josephus1 bo? ,jews1 writt5 by !m eloqu5tly 9 ,greek4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! scope4 ,b x is n ! writ]1 b ! au?ority ( ! *ur*1 t make? ! book canonical4 ,& al?\gh ^! books 7 writt5 by div]s m51 yet x is manife/ ! writ]s 7 all indu$ ) "o & ! same _s1 9 t !y conspire to "o & ! same end1 :i* is sett+ =? ( ! rights ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/4 ,= ! book ( ,g5esis1 d]ive? ! g5ealogy ( ,god's p1 f ! creation ( ! _w1 to ! go+ into ,egypt3 ! o!r f\r books ( ,moses conta9 ! election ( ,god = _! k+1 & ! laws :i* he prescrib$ = _! gov]nm5t3 ! books ( ,jo%ua1 ,judges1 ,ru?1 & ,samuel1 to ! "t ( ,saul1 describe ! acts ( ,god's p1 till ! "t !y ca/ (f ,god's yoke1 & call$ = a k+1 aft] ! mann] ( _! neighb\r nations4 ,! re/ ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,old ,te/am5t d]ives ! succession ( ! l9e ( ,david1 to ! captivity1 out ( :i* l9e 0 to spr+ ! re/or] ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 ev5 our bless$ ,savi\r ,god ! ,son1 ^: com+ 0 =etold 9 ! books ( ! prophets1 aft] :om ! ,evangeli/s write 8 life1 & actions1 & 8 claim to ! k+dom1 :il/ he liv$ on e>?3 & la/ly1 ! ,acts1 & ,epi/les ( ! ,apo/les1 decl>e ! com+ ( ,god ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ! au?ority he left ) !m & _! successors1 = ! direction ( ! ,jews1 & = ! invitation ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,9 sum1 ! hi/ories & ! prophecies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ! gospels & epi/les ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 h _h "o & ! same scope1 to conv]t m5 to ! ob$i5ce ( ,god2 ,i41 9 ,moses1 & ! ,prie/s2 ,,ii41 9 ! man ,*ri/2 & ,,iii41 9 ! ,apo/les & ! successors to apo/olical p[]4 ,= ^! ?ree at sev]al times did repres5t ! p]son ( ,god3 ,moses1 & 8 successors ! ,high ,prie/s1 & ,k+s ( ,judah1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t3 ,*ri/ himself1 9 ! "t he liv$ on e>?3 & ! ,apo/les1 & _! successors1 f ! day ( ,p5teco/1 :5 ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ on !m1 to ?is day4 ,sid5ote3 ,! "q ( ! au?ority ( ! ,scriptures /at$4 ,x is a "q mu* disput$ betwe5 ! div]s sects ( ,*ri/ian religion1 f :5ce ! ,scriptures d]ive _! au?ority2 :i* "q is also prop\nd$ sometimes 9 o!r t]ms1 z1 h[ we "k !m to be ! ^w ( ,god1 or1 :y we believe !m to be s3 & ! difficulty ( resolv+ x1 arise? *iefly f ! improp]ness ( ! words :]e9 ! "q itself is c\*$4 ,= x is believ$ on all h&s1 t ! fir/ & orig9al au?or ( !m is ,god2 & consequ5tly ! "q disput$1 is n t4 ,aga91 x is manife/1 t none c "k !y are ,god's ^w1 7?\gh all true ,*ri/ians believe x17 b ^? to :om ,god himself ha? reveal$ x sup]naturally2 & !re=e ! "q is n rightly mov$1 ( our k ( x4 ,la/ly1 :5 ! "q is prop\nd$ ( our belief2 because "s are mov$ to believe = "o1 & o!rs = o!r reasons2 !re c be r5d]$ no "o g5]al answ] = !m all4 ,! "q truly /at$ is1 by :at au?ority !y are made law4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! au?ority & int]pretation4 ,z f> z !y diff] n f ! laws ( nature1 !re is no d\bt1 b !y are ! law ( ,god1 & c>ry _! au?ority ) !m1 legible to all m5 t h ! use ( natural reason3 b ?is is no o!r au?ority1 ?an t ( all o!r moral doctr9e consonant to reason2 ! dictates :]e( are laws1 n made1 b et]nal4 ,if !y be made law by ,god himself1 !y are ( ! nature ( writt5 law1 :i* are laws to !m only to :om ,god ha? s suffici5tly publi%$ !m1 z no man c excuse himself1 by say+1 he knew n !y 7 84 ,he !re=e to :om ,god ha? n sup]naturally reveal$ t !y are 81 nor t ^? t publi%$ !m1 7 s5t by him1 is n oblig$ to obey !m1 by any au?ority1 b 81 ^: comm&s h already ! =ce ( laws2 t is to say1 by any o!r au?ority1 ?an t ( ! commonweal?1 resid+ 9 ! sov]eign1 :o only has ! legislative p[]4 ,aga91 if x be n ! legislative au?ority ( ! commonweal?1 t give? !m ! =ce ( laws1 x mu/ be "s o!r au?ority d]iv$ f ,god1 ei!r private1 or public3 if private1 x obliges only him1 to :om 9 p>ticul> ,god ha? be5 pleas$ to reveal x4 ,= if e man %\ld be oblig$1 to take = ,god's law1 :at p>ticul> m51 on pret5ce ( private inspiration1 or revelation1 %\ld obtrude ^u him1 9 su* a numb] ( m51 t out ( pride & ignorance1 take _! own dreams1 & extravagant fancies1 & madness1 = te/imonies ( ,god's _s2 or out ( ambition1 pret5d to su* div9e te/imonies1 falsely1 & contr>y to _! own consci5ces1 x 7 impossible t any div9e law %\ld be ackn[l$g$4 ,if public1 x is ! au?ority ( ! commonweal?1 or ( ! *ur*4 ,b ! *ur*1 if x be "o p]son1 is ! same ?+ ) a commonweal? ( ,*ri/ians2 call$ a commonweal?1 because x consi/e? ( m5 unit$ 9 "o p]son1 _! sov]eign2 & a *ur*1 because x consi/e? 9 ,*ri/ian m51 unit$ 9 "o ,*ri/ian sov]eign4 ,b if ! *ur* be n "o p]son1 !n x ha? no au?ority at all3 x c nei!r comm&1 nor d any action at all2 nor is capable ( hav+ any p[]1 or "r to any?+3 nor has any w1 reason nor voice2 = all ^! qualities are p]sonal4 ,n[ if ! :ole numb] ( ,*ri/ians be n conta9$ 9 "o commonweal?1 !y are n "o p]son2 nor is !re an univ]sal *ur* t ha? any au?ority ov] !m2 & !re=e ! ,scriptures are n made laws1 by ! univ]sal *ur*3 or if x be "o commonweal?1 !n all ,*ri/ian mon>*s & /ates are private p]sons1 & subject to be judg$1 depos$1 & puni%$ by an univ]sal sov]eign ( all ,*ri/5dom4 ,s t ! "q ( ! au?ority ( ! ,scriptures1 is r$uc$ to ?is1 :e!r ,*ri/ian k+s1 & ! sov]eign assemblies 9 ,*ri/ian commonweal?s1 be absolute 9 _! own t]ritories1 imm$iately "u ,god2 or subject to "o vic> ( ,*ri/1 con/itut$ ( ! univ]sal *ur*2 to be judg$1 condemn$1 depos$1 & put to dea?1 z he %all ?9k exp$i5t1 or necess>y = ! common good4 ,:i* "q _c be resolv$1 )\t a m p>ticul> consid]ation ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god2 f :5ce also1 we are to judge ( ! au?ority ( int]pret+ ! ,scripture4 ,=1 :osoev] ha? a lawful p[] ov] any writ+1 to make x law1 ha? ! p[] also to approve1 or disapprove ! int]pretation ( ! same4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,,( ,,! ,,signification ,,( ,,_s1 ,,angel1 ,,& ,,inspiration ,,9 ,,! ,,books ,,( ,,holy ,,scripture4 ,sid5ote3 ,body & _s h[ tak5 9 ! ,scripture4 ,see+ ! f\ndation ( all true ratioc9ation1 is ! con/ant signification ( words2 :i* 9 ! doctr9e foll[+1 dep5de? n1 z 9 natural sci5ce1 on ! w ( ! writ]1 nor1 z 9 common conv]sation1 on vulg> use1 b on ! s5se !y c>ry 9 ! ,scripture2 x is necess>y1 be=e ,i proce$ any fur!r1 to det]m9e1 out ( ! ,bible1 ! mean+ ( su* words1 z by _! ambiguity1 may r5d] :at ,i am to inf] ^u !m1 obscure1 or disputable4 ,i w beg9 ) ! words ,,body & ,,_s1 :i* 9 ! language ( ! ,s*ools are t]m$1 sub/ances1 corporeal1 & incorporeal4 ,sid5ote3 ,body & _s h[ tak5 9 ! ,scripture4 ,! ^w body1 9 ! mo/ g5]al acceptation1 signifie? t :i* fille?1 or occupie? "s c]ta9 room1 or imag9$ place2 & dep5de? n on ! imag9ation1 b is a real "p ( t we call ! univ]se4 ,= ! univ]se1 be+ ! aggregate ( all bodies1 !re is no real "p !re( t is n also body2 nor any ?+ prop]ly a body1 t is n also "p ( t aggregate ( all bodies1 ! univ]se4 ,! same also1 because bodies are subject to *ange1 t is to say1 to v>iety ( app>5ce to ! s5se ( liv+ creatures1 is call$ sub/ance1 t is to say1 subject to v>i\s accid5ts3 z sometimes to be mov$2 sometimes to /& /ill2 & to seem to our s5ses sometimes hot1 sometimes cold1 sometimes ( "o col\r1 smell1 ta/e1 or s\nd1 sometimes ( ano!r4 ,& ?is div]sity ( seem+1 produc$ by ! div]sity ( ! op]ation ( bodies on ! organs ( our s5se1 we attribute to alt]ations ( ! bodies t op]ate1 & call !m accid5ts ( ^? bodies4 ,& accord+ to ?is acceptation ( ! ^w1 sub/ance & body signify ! same ?+2 & !re=e sub/ance incorporeal are words1 :i* :5 !y are jo9$ toge!r1 de/roy "o ano!r1 z if a man %\ld say1 an incorporeal body4 ,b 9 ! s5se ( common p1 n all ! univ]se is call$ body1 b only su* p>ts !re( z !y c disc]n by ! s5se ( feel+1 to resi/ _! =ce1 or by ! s5se ( _! eyes1 to h9d] !m f a f>!r prospect4 ,!re=e 9 ! common language ( m51 air1 & a]ial sub/ances1 use n to be tak5 = bodies1 b 7z (t5 z m5 are s5sible ( _! effects7 are call$ w9d1 or brea?1 or 7because ! same are call$ 9 ! ,lat9 spiritus7 spirits2 z :5 !y call t a]ial sub/ance1 :i* 9 ! body ( any liv+ creature gives x life & motion1 vital & animal spirits4 ,b = ^? idols ( ! bra91 :i* repres5t bodies to u1 :]e !y are n1 z 9 a look+-glass1 9 a dream1 or to a di/emp]$ bra9 wak+1 !y are1 z ! apo/le sai? g5]ally ( all idols1 no?+2 no?+ at all1 ,i say1 !re :]e !y seem to be2 & 9 ! bra9 itself1 no?+ b tumult1 proce$+ ei!r f ! action ( ! objects1 or f ! disord]ly agitation ( ! organs ( our s5se4 ,& m51 t are o!rwise employ$1 ?an to se>* into _! causes1 "k n ( !mselves1 :at to call !m2 & may !re=e easily be p]suad$1 by ^? ^: k !y mu* rev]5ce1 "s to call !m bodies1 & ?9k !m made ( air compact$ by a p[] sup]natural1 because ! sight judges !m corporeal2 & "s to call !m spirits1 because ! s5se ( t\* disc]ne? no?+ 9 ! place :]e !y appe>1 to resi/ _! f+]s3 s t ! prop] signification ( _s 9 common spee*1 is ei!r a subtle1 fluid1 & invisible body1 or a gho/1 or o!r idol or phantasm ( ! imag9ation4 ,b = metaphorical significations1 !re be _m3 = sometimes x is tak5 = disposition or incl9ation ( ! m9d2 z :5 = ! disposition to contr\l ! say+s ( o!r m51 we say1 a _s ( contradiction2 = a disposition to uncleanness1 an unclean _s2 = p]v]s5ess1 a fr[>d _s2 = sull5ness1 a dumb _s2 & = incl9ation to godl9ess & ,god's s]vice1 ! ,_s ( ,god3 sometimes = any em95t ability or extraord9>y passion1 or disease ( ! m9d1 z :5 great wisdom is call$ ! _s ( wisdom2 & madm5 are said to be possess$ ) a _s4 ,o!r signification ( _s ,i f9d n[h]e any2 & :]e none ( ^! c satisfy ! s5se ( t ^w 9 ,scripture1 ! place falle? n "u human und]/&+2 & our fai? !re9 consi/e? n 9 our op9ion1 b 9 our submission2 z 9 all places :]e ,god is said to be a ,_s2 or :]e by ! ,_s ( ,god1 is meant ,god himself4 ,= ! nature ( ,god is incompreh5sible2 t is to say1 we und]/& no?+ ( :at he is1 b only t he is2 & !re=e ! attributes we give him1 are n to tell "o ano!r1 :at he is1 nor to signify our op9ion ( 8 nature1 b our desire to hon\r him ) su* names z we conceive mo/ hon\rable among/ ourselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,! _s ( ,god tak5 9 ! ,scripture sometimes = a w9d1 or brea?4 ,g54 i4 #b4 ,! ,_s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s4 ,"h if by ! ,_s ( ,god be meant ,god himself1 !n is motion attribut$ to ,god1 & consequ5tly place1 :i* are intelligible only ( bodies1 & n ( sub/ances incorporeal2 & s ! place is above our und]/&+1 t c conceive no?+ mov$ t *anges n place1 or t has n dim5sion2 & :atsoev] has dim5sion1 is body4 ,b ! mean+ ( ^? words is be/ und]/ood by ! l place1 7,g54 viii4 #a47 :]e :5 ! e>? 0 cov]$ ) wat]s1 z 9 ! beg9n+1 ,god int5d+ to abate !m1 & aga9 to discov] ! dry l&1 use? ! l words1 ,i w br+ my ,_s ^u ! e>?1 & ! wat]s %all be dim9i%$3 9 :i* place1 by ,_s is und]/ood a w9d1 t is an air or _s mov$1 :i* might be call$1 z 9 ! =m] place1 ! ,_s ( ,god1 because x 0 ,god's "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,secondly1 = extraord9>y gifts ( ! und]/&+4 ,g54 xli4 #ch1 ,ph>oah calle? ! ,wisdom ( ,joseph1 ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,= ,joseph hav+ advis$ him to look out a wise & discreet man1 & to set him ov] ! l& ( ,egypt1 he sai? ?us1 ,c we f9d su* a man z ?is is1 9 :om is ! ,_s ( ,god8 ,& ,exod4 xxviii4 #c1 ,?\ %alt speak1 sai? ,god1 to all ! wise he>t$1 :om ,i h fill$ ) ! _s ( wisdom1 to make ,a>on g>m5ts1 to consecrate him3 :]e extraord9>y und]/&+1 ?\gh b 9 mak+ g>m5ts1 z be+ ! gift ( ,god1 is call$ ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,! same is f\nd aga91 ,exod4 xxxi4 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 & xxxv4 #ca4 ,& ,isaiah xi4 #b1 #c1 :]e ! prophet speak+ ( ! ,messiah1 sai?1 ! ,_s ( ! ,"l %all abide ^u him1 ! _s ( wisdom & und]/&+1 ! _s ( c\nsel & =titude1 & ! _s ( ! fe> ( ! ,"l4 ,:]e manife/ly is meant1 n s _m gho/s1 b s _m em95t graces t ,god w\ld give him4 ,sid5ote3 ,?irdly1 = extraord9>y affections4 ,9 ! book ( ,judges1 an extraord9>y zeal & c\rage 9 ! def5ce ( ,god's p1 is call$ ! ,_s ( ,god2 z :5 x excit$ ,o?niel1 ,gideon1 ,jeph?a1 & ,sampson to deliv] !m f s]vitude1 ,judges1 iii4 #aj1 vi4 #cd1 xi4 #bi1 xiii4 #be1 xiv4 #f1 #ai4 ,& ( ,saul1 ^u ! news ( ! insol5ce ( ! ,ammonites t[>ds ! m5 ( ,jabe% ,gilead1 x is said1 7#a ,sam4 xi4 #f7 t ! ,_s ( ,god came ^u ,saul1 & 8 ang]1 7or1 z x is 9 ! ,lat91 8 fury71 0 k9dl$ greatly4 ,:]e x is n probable 0 meant a gho/1 b an extraord9>y zeal to puni% ! cruelty ( ! ,ammonites4 ,9 l mann] by ! ,_s ( ,god1 t came ^u ,saul1 :5 he 0 among/ ! prophets t prais$ ,god 9 songs & music1 7#a ,sam4 xix4 #bc71 is to be und]/ood1 n a gho/1 b an unexpect$ & sudd5 zeal to jo9 ) !m 9 _! devotion4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\r?ly1 = ! gift ( pr$iction by dreams & visions4 ,! false prophet ,z$ekiah sai? to ,micaiah 7#a ,k+s xxii4 #bd71 :i* way w5t ! ,_s ( ! ,"l f me to speak to !e8 ,:i* c n be und]/ood ( a gho/2 = ,micaiah decl>$ be=e ! k+s ( ,israel & ,judah1 ! ev5t ( ! battle1 z f a vision1 & n z f a _s speak+ 9 him4 ,9 ! same mann] x appe>e? 9 ! books ( ! ,prophets1 t ?\gh !y spake by ! _s ( ,god1 t is to say1 by a special grace ( pr$iction2 yet _! k ( ! future1 0 n by a gho/ )9 !m1 b by "s sup]natural dream or vision4 ,sid5ote3 ,fif?ly1 = life4 ,g54 ii4 #g1 x is said1 ,god made man ( ! du/ ( ! e>?1 & brea!d into 8 no/rils 7spiraculum vit7 ! brea? ( life1 & man 0 made a liv+ s\l4 ,!re ! brea? ( life inspir$ by ,god1 signifies no m1 b t ,god gave him life2 & 7,job xxvii4 #c7 z long z ! ,_s ( ,god is 9 my no/rils1 is no m ?an to say1 z long z ,i live4 ,s 9 ,ezek4 i4 #bj1 ! _s ( life 0 9 ! :eels1 is equival5t to1 ! :eels 7 alive4 ,&1 7,ezek4 ii4 #b7 ! ,_s ent]$ into me1 & set me on my feet1 t is1 ,i recov]$ my vital /r5g?2 n t any gho/ or incorporeal sub/ance ent]$ into1 & possess$ 8 body4 ,sid5ote3 ,six?ly1 = a subord9ation to au?ority4 ,9 ! xi? *ap4 ( ,numb]s1 v4 #ag1 ,i w take1 sai? ,god1 ( ! ,_s1 :i* is ^u !e1 & w put x ^u !m1 & !y %all be> ! bur!n ( ! p ) !e2 t is1 ^u ! sev5ty eld]s3 :]eupon two ( ! sev5ty are said to prophecy 9 ! camp2 ( :om "s compla9$1 & ,jo%ua desir$ ,moses to =bid !m2 :i* ,moses w\ld n d4 ,:]eby x appe>s1 t ,jo%ua knew n t !y _h receiv$ au?ority s to d1 & propheci$ accord+ to ! m9d ( ,moses1 t is to say1 by a _s1 or au?ority subord9ate to 8 own4 ,9 ! l s5se we read1 7,deut4 xxxiv4 #i7 t ,jo%ua 0 full ( ! _s ( wisdom1 because ,moses _h laid 8 h&s ^u him3 t is because he 0 orda9$ by ,moses1 to prosecute ! "w he _h himself begun1 namely ! br++ ( ,god's p into ! promis$ l&1 b prev5t$ by dea?1 c\ld n f9i%4 ,9 ! l s5se x is said1 7,rom4 viii4 #i7 ,if any man h n ! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 he is none ( 83 n mean+ !reby ! gho/ ( ,*ri/1 b a submission to 8 doctr9e4 ,z also1 7#a ,john iv4 #b7 ,h]eby y %all "k ! ,_s ( ,god2 e _s t confesse? t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle%1 is ( ,god2 by :i* is meant ! _s ( unfeign$ ,*ri/ianity1 or submission to t ma9 article ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/2 :i* _c be int]pret$ ( a gho/4 ,likewise ^! words1 7,luke iv4 #a7 ,& ,jesus full ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 7t is1 z x is express$1 ,matt4 iv4 #a1 & ,m>k i4 #ab1 ( ! ,holy ,_s17 may be und]/ood1 = zeal to d ! "w = :i* he 0 s5t by ,god ! ,fa!r3 b to int]pret x ( a gho/1 is to say1 t ,god himself1 = s our ,savi\r 01 0 fill$ ) ,god2 :i* is v improp] & insignificant4 ,h[ we came to translate spirits1 by ! ^w gho/s1 :i* signifie? no?+1 nei!r 9 heav51 nor e>?1 b ! imag9>y inhabitants ( man's bra91 ,i exam9e n3 b ?is ,i say1 ! ^w _s 9 ! text signifie? no su* ?+2 b ei!r prop]ly a real sub/ance1 or metaphorically1 "s extraord9>y ability or affection ( ! m9d1 or ( ! body4 ,sid5ote3 ,sev5?ly1 = a]ial bodies4 ,! disciples ( ,*ri/1 see+ him walk+ ^u ! sea1 7,matt4 xiv4 #bf1 & ,m>k vi4 #di7 suppos$ him to be a ,_s1 mean+ !reby an a]ial body1 & n a phantasm2 = x is said1 !y all saw him2 :i* _c be und]/ood ( ! delusions ( ! bra91 7:i* are n common to _m at once1 z visible bodies are2 b s+ul>1 because ( ! diff]5ces ( fancies17 b ( bodies only4 ,9 l mann]1 :]e he 0 tak5 = a _s1 by ! same apo/les1 7,luke xxiv4 #cg73 s also 7,acts xii4 #ae7 :5 ,/4 ,pet] 0 deliv]$ out ( prison1 x w\ld n be believ$2 b :5 ! maid said he 0 at ! door1 !y said x 0 8 angel2 by :i* mu/ be meant a corporeal sub/ance1 or we mu/ say1 ! disciples !mselves did foll[ ! common op9ion ( bo? ,jews & ,g5tiles1 t "s su* app>itions 7 n imag9>y1 b real1 & su* z ne$$ n ! fancy ( man = _! exi/5ce4 ,^! ! ,jews call$ spirits1 & angels1 good or bad2 z ! ,greeks call$ ! same by ! "n ( demons4 ,& "s su* app>itions may be real1 & sub/antial2 t is to say1 subtle bodies1 :i* ,god c =m by ! same p[]1 by :i* he =m$ all ?+s1 & make use (1 z ( m9i/]s1 & mess5g]s1 t is to say1 angels1 to decl>e 8 w1 & execute ! same :5 he please?1 9 extraord9>y & sup]natural mann]4 ,b :5 he ha? s =m$ !m1 !y are sub/ances1 endu$ ) dim5sions1 & take up room1 & c be mov$ f place to place1 :i* is peculi> to bodies2 & !re=e are n gho/s incorporeal1 t is to say1 gho/s t are 9 no place2 t is to say1 t are no :]e2 t is to say1 t seem+ to be some:at1 are no?+4 ,b if corporeal be tak5 9 ! mo/ vulg> mann]1 = su* sub/ances z are p]ceptible by our ext]nal s5ses2 !n is sub/ance incorporeal1 a ?+ n imag9>y1 b real2 namely1 a ?9 sub/ance invisible1 b t ha? ! same dim5sions t are 9 gross] bodies4 ,sid5ote3 ,angel1 :at4 ,by ! "n ( ,,angel1 is signifi$ g5]ally1 a mess5g]2 & mo/ (t51 a mess5g] ( ,god2 & by a mess5g] ( ,god1 is signifi$1 any ?+ t makes kn[n 8 extraord9>y pres5ce2 t is to say1 ! extraord9>y manife/ation ( 8 p[]1 especially by a dream or vision4 ,conc]n+ ! creation ( angels1 !re is no?+ deliv]$ 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,t !y are spirits1 is (t5 repeat$3 b by ! "n ( _s1 is signifi$ bo? 9 ,scripture1 & vulg>ly1 bo? among/ ,jews & ,g5tiles1 sometimes ?9 bodies3 z ! air1 ! w9d1 ! spirits vital & animal ( liv+ creatures2 & sometimes ! images t rise 9 ! fancy 9 dreams & visions2 :i* are n real sub/ances1 nor la/ any long] ?an ! dream1 or vision !y appe> 92 :i* app>itions1 ?\gh no real sub/ances1 b accid5ts ( ! bra92 yet :5 ,god raise? !m sup]naturally1 to signify 8 w1 !y are n improp]ly t]m$ ,god's mess5g]s1 t is to say1 8 angels4 ,& z ! ,g5tiles did vulg>ly conceive ! imag]y ( ! bra91 = ?+s really subsi/5t )\t !m1 & n dep5d5t on ! fancy2 & out ( !m fram$ _! op9ions ( demons1 good & evil2 :i* because !y seem$ to subsi/ really1 !y call$ sub/ances2 &1 because !y c\ld n feel !m ) _! h&s1 incorporeal3 s also ! ,jews1 ^u ! same gr\nd1 )\t any ?+ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t t con/ra9$ !m !reunto1 _h g5]ally an op9ion1 except ! sect ( ! ,sadducees1 t ^? app>itions1 :i* x pleas$ ,god sometimes to produce 9 ! fancy ( m51 = 8 own s]vice1 & !re=e call$ !m 8 angels1 7 sub/ances1 n dep5d5t on ! fancy1 b p]man5t creatures ( ,god2 :]e( ^? :i* !y ?\ght 7 good to !m1 !y e/eem$ ! angels ( ,god1 & ^? !y ?\ght w\ld hurt !m1 !y call$ evil angels1 or evil spirits2 su* z 0 ! _s ( ,py?on1 & ! spirits ( madm51 ( lunatics & epileptics3 = !y e/eem$ su* z 7 tr\bl$ ) su* diseases1 demoniacs4 ,b if we consid] ! places ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :]e angels are m5tion$1 we %all f9d1 t 9 mo/ ( !m1 !re c no?+ else be und]/ood by ! ^w angel1 b "s image rais$1 sup]naturally1 9 ! fancy1 to signify ! pres5ce ( ,god 9 ! execution ( "s sup]natural "w2 & !re=e 9 ! re/1 :]e _! nature is n express$1 x may be und]/ood 9 ! same mann]4 ,= we read1 7,g54 xvi47 t ! same app>ition is call$1 n only an angel1 b ,god2 :]e t :i* 7v]se #g7 is call$ ! angel ( ! ,"l1 9 ! t5? v]se1 sai? to ,ag>1 ,i w multiply ?y se$ exce$+ly2 t is1 speake? 9 ! p]son ( ,god4 ,nei!r 0 ?is app>ition a fancy figur$1 b a voice4 ,by :i* x is manife/1 t angel signifie? !re1 no?+ b ,god himself1 t caus$ ,ag> sup]naturally to appreh5d a voice f heav52 or r1 no?+ else b a voice sup]natural1 te/ify+ ,god's special pres5ce !re4 ,:y !re=e may n ! angels t appe>$ to ,lot1 & are call$ 7,g54 xix4 #ab7 m52 & to :om1 ?\gh !y 7 two1 ,lot speake? 7v]se #ah7 z b to "o1 & t "o1 z ,god1 7= ! words are1 ,lot said unto !m1 ,oh n s my ,"l71 be und]/ood ( images ( m51 sup]naturally =m$ 9 ! fancy2 z well z be=e by angel 0 und]/ood a fanci$ voice8 ,:5 ! angel call$ to ,abraham out ( heav51 to /ay 8 h& 7,g54 xxii4 #aa7 f slay+ ,isaac1 !re 0 no app>ition1 b a voice2 :i* nev]!less 0 call$ prop]ly en\gh a mess5g] or angel ( ,god1 because x decl>$ ,god's w sup]naturally1 & saves ! lab\r ( suppos+ any p]man5t gho/s4 ,! angels :i* ,jacob saw on ! ladd] ( ,heav51 7,g54 xxviii4 #ab7 7 a vision ( 8 sleep2 !re=e only fancy1 & a dream2 yet be+ sup]natural1 & signs ( ,god's special pres5ce1 ^? app>itions are n improp]ly call$ angels4 ,! same is to be und]/ood1 7,g54 xxxi4 #aa7 :]e ,jacob sai? ?us1 ,! ,angel ( ! ,"l appe>$ to me 9 my sleep4 ,= an app>ition made to a man 9 8 sleep1 is t :i* all m5 call a dream1 :e!r su* dream be natural1 or sup]natural3 & t :i* !re ,jacob calle? an angel1 0 ,god himself2 = ! same angel sai?1 v]se #ac1 ,i am ! ,god ( ,be!l4 ,also 7,exod4 xiv4 #ai7 ! angel t w5t be=e ! army ( ,israel to ! ,r$ ,sea1 & !n came beh9d x1 is1 7v]se #bd7 ! ,"l himself2 & he appe>$1 n 9 ! =m ( a beautiful man1 b 9 =m1 7,exod4 xiii4 #ba7 by day1 ( a pill> ( cl\d1 &1 by night1 9 =m ( a pill> ( fire2 & yet ?is pill> 0 all ! app>ition & angel promis$ to ,moses1 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #b7 = ! army's guide3 = ?is cl\dy pill> 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #i7 is said to h desc5d$1 & /ood at ! door ( ! ,tab]nacle1 & to h talk$ ) ,moses4 ,!re y see motion & spee*1 :i* are commonly attribut$ to angels1 attribut$ to a cl\d1 because ! cl\d s]v$ z a sign ( ,god's pres5ce2 & 0 no less an angel1 ?an if x _h _h ! =m ( a man1 or *ild ( nev] s great beauty2 or w+s1 z usually !y are pa9t$1 = ! false in/ruction ( common p4 ,= x is n ! %ape2 b _! use t makes !m angels4 ,b _! use is to be significations ( ,god's pres5ce 9 sup]natural op]ations2 z :5 ,moses 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #ad7 _h desir$ ,god to g along ) ! camp1 z he _h done always be=e ! mak+ ( ! gold5 calf1 ,god did n answ]1 ,i w g1 nor1 ,i w s5d an angel 9 my /ead2 b ?us1 ,my pres5ce %all g ) !e4 ,to m5tion all ! places ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :]e ! "n ( angel is f\nd1 w\ld be too long4 ,!re=e to compreh5d !m all at once1 ,i say1 !re is no text 9 t "p ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& holde? = canonical1 f :i* we c conclude1 !re is1 or ha? be5 creat$1 any p]man5t ?+1 und]/ood by ! "n ( _s or angel1 t ha? n quantity2 & t may n be by ! und]/&+ divid$2 t is to say1 consid]$ by p>ts2 s z "o "p may be 9 "o place1 & ! next "p 9 ! next place to x2 &1 9 sum1 :i* is n 7tak+ body = t1 :i* is some:at or "s :]e17 corporeal2 b 9 e place1 ! s5se w be> ! int]pretation ( angel1 = mess5g]2 z ,john ,bapti/ is call$ an angel1 & ,*ri/ ! ,angel ( ! ,cov5ant2 & z1 accord+ to ! same analogy1 ! dove & ! fi]y tongues1 9 t !y 7 signs ( ,god's special pres5ce1 might also be call$ angels4 ,?\gh we f9d 9 ,daniel two names ( angels1 ,gabriel & ,mi*ael2 yet x is cle> out ( ! text itself1 7,dan4 xii4 #a7 t by ,mi*ael is meant ,*ri/1 n z an angel1 b z a pr9ce3 & t ,gabriel1 z ! l app>itions made to o!r holy m5 9 _! sleep1 0 no?+ b a sup]natural phantasm1 by :i* x seem$ to ,daniel1 9 8 dream1 t two sa9ts be+ 9 talk1 "o ( !m said to ! o!r1 ,gabriel1 ,let u make ?is man und]/& 8 vision3 = ,god ne$e? n to di/+ui% 8 cele/ial s]vants by names1 :i* are useful only to ! %ort memories ( mortals4 ,nor 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is !re any place1 out ( :i* x c be prov$1 t angels1 except :5 !y are put = su* m5 z ,god ha? made ! mess5g]s & m9i/]s ( 8 ^w or works1 are ?+s p]man5t1 & )al incorporeal4 ,t !y are p]man5t1 may be ga!r$ f ! words ( our ,savi\r himself1 7,matt4 xxv4 #da7 :]e he sai?1 x %all be said to ! wick$ 9 ! la/ day1 ,g ye curs$ into ev]la/+ fire prep>$ = ! ,devil & 8 angels3 :i* place is manife/ = ! p]man5ce ( evil angels1 7unless we might ?9k ! "n ( ,devil & 8 angels may be und]/ood ( ! ,*ur*'s adv]s>ies & _! m9i/]s72 b !n x is repugnant to _! immat]iality2 because ev]la/+ fire is no puni%m5t to impatible sub/ances1 su* z are all ?+s incorporeal4 ,angels !re=e are n !nce prov$ to be incorporeal4 ,9 l mann] :]e ,/4 ,paul says1 7#a ,cor4 vi4 #c7 ,"k ye n t we %all judge ! angels8 & #b ,pet4 ii4 #d1 ,= if ,god sp>$ n ! angels t s9n$1 b ca/ !m d[n into hell3 & 7,jude i4 #f7 ,& ! angels t kept n _! fir/ e/ate1 b left _! own habitation1 he ha? res]v$ 9 ev]la/+ *a9s "u d>kness unto ! judgm5t ( ! la/ day3 ?\gh x prove ! p]man5ce ( angelical nature1 x confirme? also _! mat]iality4 ,& 7,matt4 xxii4 #cj7 ,9 ! resurrection m5 d nei!r m>ry nor give 9 m>riage1 b are z ! angels ( ,god 9 heav53 b 9 ! resurrection m5 %all be p]man5t1 & n incorporeal2 s !re=e also are ! angels4 ,!re be div]s o!r places out ( :i* may be drawn ! l conclusion4 ,to m5 t und]/& ! signification ( ^! words1 sub/ance1 & incorporeal2 z incorporeal is tak51 n = subtle body1 b = n body2 !y imply a contradiction3 insomu* z to say1 an angel or _s is 9 t s5se an incorporeal sub/ance1 is to say 9 effect1 !re is no angel nor _s at all4 ,consid]+ !re=e ! signification ( ! ^w angel 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ! nature ( dreams & visions t happ5 to m5 by ! ord9>y way ( nature2 ,i 0 incl9$ to ?is op9ion1 t angels 7 no?+ b sup]natural app>itions ( ! fancy1 rais$ by ! special & extraord9>y op]ation ( ,god1 !reby to make 8 pres5ce & comm&m5ts kn[n to mank9d1 & *iefly to 8 own p4 ,b ! _m places ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & our ,savi\r's own words1 & 9 su* texts1 :]e9 is no suspicion ( corruption ( ! ,scripture1 h extort$ f my feeble reason1 an ackn[l$gm5t & belief1 t !re be also angels sub/antial1 & p]man5t4 ,b to believe !y be 9 no place1 t is to say1 no :]e1 t is to say1 no?+1 z !y1 ?\gh indirectly1 say1 t w h !m incorporeal1 _c by ,scripture be ev9c$4 ,sid5ote3 ,inspiration1 :at4 ,on ! signification ( ! ^w _s1 dep5de? t ( ! ^w ,,inspiration2 :i* mu/ ei!r be tak5 prop]ly2 & !n x is no?+ b ! bl[+ into a man "s ?9 & subtle air or w9d1 9 su* mann] z a man fille? a bladd] ) 8 brea?2 or if spirits be n corporeal1 b h _! exi/5ce only 9 ! fancy1 x is no?+ b ! bl[+ 9 ( a phantasm2 :i* is improp] to say1 & impossible2 = phantasms are n1 b only seem to be1 some:at4 ,t ^w !re=e is us$ 9 ! ,scripture metaphorically only3 z 7,g54 ii4 #g7 :]e x is said t ,god inspir$ into man ! brea? ( life1 no m is meant1 ?an t ,god gave unto him vital motion4 ,= we are n to ?9k t ,god made fir/ a liv+ brea? & !n blew x into ,adam aft] he 0 made1 :e!r t brea? 7 real1 or seem+2 b only z x is1 7,acts xvii4 #be7 t he gave him life1 & brea?2 t is1 made him a liv+ creature4 ,& :]e x is said1 7#b ,tim4 iii4 #af7 all ,scripture is giv5 by inspiration f ,god1 speak+ !re ( ! ,scripture ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 x is an easy metaphor1 to signify1 t ,god incl9$ ! _s or m9d ( ^? writ]s1 to write t :i* %\ld be useful1 9 tea*+1 reprov+1 correct+1 & in/ruct+ m5 9 ! way ( righte\s liv+4 ,b :]e ,/4 ,pet]1 7#b ,pet4 i4 #ba7 sai?1 t ,prophecy came n 9 old "t by ! w ( man1 b ! holy m5 ( ,god spake z !y 7 mov$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 by ! ,holy ,_s is meant ! voice ( ,god 9 a dream or vision sup]natural1 :i* is n inspiration4 ,nor1 :5 our ,savi\r brea?+ on 8 disciples1 said1 ,receive ! ,holy ,_s1 0 t brea? ! ,_s1 b a sign ( ! spiritual graces he gave unto !m4 ,& ?\gh x be said ( _m1 & ( our ,savi\r himself1 t he 0 full ( ! ,holy ,_s2 yet t fulness is n to be und]/ood = infusion ( ! sub/ance ( ,god1 b = accumulation ( 8 gifts1 su* z are ! gift ( sanctity ( life1 ( tongues1 & ! l1 :e!r atta9$ sup]naturally1 or by /udy & indu/ry2 = 9 all cases !y are ! gifts ( ,god4 ,s likewise :]e ,god says 7,joel ii4 #bh7 ,i w p\r out my ,_s ^u all fle%1 & y\r sons & y\r daught]s %all prophecy1 y\r old m5 %all dream dreams1 & y\r "y m5 %all see visions1 we are n to und]/& x 9 ! prop] s5se1 z if 8 ,_s 7 l wat]1 subject to effusion or infusion2 b z if ,god _h promis$ to give !m prophetical dreams1 & visions4 ,= ! prop] use ( ! ^w infus$1 9 speak+ ( ! graces ( ,god1 is an abuse ( x2 = ^? graces are virtues1 n bodies to be c>ri$ hi!r & ?i!r1 & to be p\r$ into m5 z into b>rels4 ,9 ! same mann]1 to take inspiration 9 ! prop] s5se1 or to say t good spirits ent]$ into m5 to make !m prophecy1 or evil spirits into ^? t became phr5etic1 lunatic1 or epileptic1 is n to take ! ^w 9 ! s5se ( ! ,scripture2 = ! ,_s !re is tak5 = ! p[] ( ,god1 work+ by causes to u unkn[n4 ,z also 7,acts ii4 #b7 ! w9d1 t is !re said to fill ! h\se :]e9 ! apo/les 7 assembl$ on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 is n to be und]/ood = ! ,holy ,_s1 :i* is ! ,deity itself2 b = an ext]nal sign ( ,god's special work+ on _! he>ts1 to effect 9 !m ! int]nal graces1 & holy virtues he ?\ght requisite = ! p]=mance ( _! apo/le%ip4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,,( ,,! ,,signification ,,9 ,,scripture ,,( ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god1 ,,( ,,holy1 ,,sacr$1 ,,& ,,sacram5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! k+dom ( ,god tak5 by div9es metaphorically1 b 9 ! ,scriptures prop]ly4 ,! ,k+dom ( ,god 9 ! writ+s ( div9es1 & specially 9 s]mons & treatises ( devotion1 is tak5 mo/ commonly = et]nal felicity1 aft] ?is life1 9 ! highe/ heav51 :i* !y also call ! k+dom ( glory2 & sometimes = ! e>ne/ ( t felicity1 sanctification1 :i* !y t]m ! k+dom ( grace2 b nev] = ! mon>*y1 t is to say1 ! sov]eign p[] ( ,god ov] any subjects acquir$ by _! own cons5t1 :i* is ! prop] signification ( k+dom4 ,to ! contr>y1 ,i f9d ! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god to signify1 9 mo/ places ( ,scripture1 a k+dom prop]ly s nam$1 con/itut$ by ! votes ( ! p ( ,israel 9 peculi> mann]2 :]e9 !y *ose ,god = _! k+ by cov5ant made ) him1 ^u ,god's promis+ !m ! possession ( ! l& ( ,canaan2 & b seldom metaphorically2 & !n x is tak5 = dom9ion ov] s92 7& only 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t27 because su* a dom9ion z t1 e subject %all h 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 & )\t prejudice to ! sov]eign4 ,f ! v creation1 ,god n only reign$ ov] all m5 naturally by 8 might2 b also _h peculi> subjects1 :om he comm&$ by a voice1 z "o man speake? to ano!r4 ,9 :i* mann] he reign$ ov] ,adam1 & gave him comm&m5t to ab/a9 f ! tree ( cognizance ( good & evil2 :i* :5 he obey$ n1 b ta/+ !re(1 took ^u him to be z ,god1 judg+ betwe5 good & evil1 n by 8 creator's comm&m5t1 b by 8 own s5se1 8 puni%m5t 0 a privation ( ! e/ate ( et]nal life1 :]e9 ,god _h at fir/ creat$ him3 & aft]w>ds ,god puni%$ 8 po/]ity = _! vices1 all b eight p]sons1 ) an univ]sal deluge2 & 9 ^! eight did consi/ ! !n k+dom ( ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,! orig9al ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,aft] ?is x pleas$ ,god to speak to ,abraham1 & 7,g54 xvii4 #g1 #h7 to make a cov5ant ) him 9 ^! words1 ,i w e/abli% my cov5ant betwe5 me1 & !e1 & ?y se$ aft] !e 9 _! g5]ations1 = an ev]la/+ cov5ant1 to be a ,god to !e1 & to ?y se$ aft] !e2 & ,i w give unto !e1 & to ?y se$ aft] !e1 ! l& :]e9 ?\ art a /rang]1 all ! l& ( ,canaan = an ev]la/+ possession4 ,9 ?is cov5ant ,abraham promise? = himself & 8 po/]ity1 to obey z ,god1 ! ,"l t spake to him2 & ,god on 8 "p promise? to ,abraham ! l& ( ,canaan = an ev]la/+ possession4 ,& = a memorial1 & a tok5 ( ?is cov5ant1 he orda9e? 7,g54 xvii4 #aa7 ! sacram5t ( circumcision4 ,?is is x :i* is call$ ! old cov5ant or te/am5t2 & conta9e? a contract betwe5 ,god & ,abraham2 by :i* ,abraham oblige? himself1 & 8 po/]ity1 9 a peculi> mann] to be subject to ,god's positive law2 = to ! law moral he 0 oblig$ be=e1 z by an oa? ( allegiance4 ,& ?\gh ! "n ( ,k+ be n yet giv5 to ,god1 nor ( k+dom to ,abraham & 8 se$3 yet ! ?+ is ! same2 namely1 an in/itution by pact1 ( ,god's peculi> sov]eignty ov] ! se$ ( ,abraham2 :i* 9 ! r5ew+ ( ! same cov5ant by ,moses1 at ,m\nt ,s9ai1 is expressly call$ a peculi> k+dom ( ,god ov] ! ,jews3 & x is ( ,abraham1 n ( ,moses1 ,/4 ,paul sai? 7,rom4 iv4 #aa7 t he is ! fa!r ( ! fai?ful2 t is1 ( ^? t are loyal1 & d n violate _! allegiance sworn to ,god1 !n by circumcision1 & aft]w>ds 9 ! new cov5ant by baptism4 ,sid5ote3 ,t ! k+dom ( ,god is prop]ly 8 civil sov]eignty ov] a peculi> p by pact4 ,?is cov5ant1 at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,s9ai1 0 r5ew$ by ,moses1 7,exod4 xix4 #e7 :]e ! ,"l comm&e? ,moses to speak to ! p 9 ?is mann]1 ,if y w obey my voice inde$1 & keep my cov5ant1 !n ye %all be a peculi> p to me1 = all ! e>? is m9e2 & ye %all be unto me a sac]dotal k+dom1 & an holy nation4 ,= a peculi> p1 ! vulg> ,lat9 ha? peculium de cunctis populis3 ! ,engli% translation1 made 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ( ,k+ ,james1 ha? a peculi> treasure unto me above all nations2 & ! ,g5eva ,fr5*1 ! mo/ preci\s jewel ( all nations4 ,b ! true/ translation is ! fir/1 because x is confirm$ by ,/4 ,paul himself 7,tit4 ii4 #ad7 :]e he sai?1 allud+ to t place1 t our bless$ ,savi\r gave himself = u1 t he might purify u to himself1 a peculi>1 t is1 an extraord9>y1 p3 = ! ^w is 9 ! ,greek 1 :i* is oppos$ commonly to ! ^w 3 & z ?is signifie? ord9>y1 quotidian1 or1 z 9 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ( daily use2 s ! o!r signifie? t :i* is ov]plus1 & /or$ up1 & enjoy$ 9 a special mann]2 :i* ! ,lat9s call peculium3 & ?is mean+ ( ! place is confirm$ by ! reason ,god r5d]e? ( x1 :i* foll[e? imm$iately1 9 t he adde?1 ,= all ! e>? is m9e1 z if he %\ld say1 ,all ! nations ( ! _w are m9e2 b x is n s t y are m9e1 b 9 a special mann]3 = !y are all m9e1 by reason ( my p[]2 b y %all be m9e1 by y\r own cons5t1 & cov5ant2 :i* is an addition to 8 ord9>y title1 to all nations4 ,! same is aga9 confirm$ 9 express words 9 ! same text1 ,ye %all be to me a sac]dotal k+dom1 & an holy nation4 ,! vulg> ,lat9 ha? x1 regnum sac]dotale1 to :i* agree? ! translation ( t place 7#a ,pet4 ii4 #i7 ,sac]dotium regale1 a regal prie/hood2 z also ! in/itution itself1 by :i* no man might ent] into ! ,sanctum ,sanctorum1 t is to say1 no man might enquire ,god's w imm$iately ( ,god himself1 b only ! high-prie/4 ,! ,engli% translation be=e m5tion$1 foll[+ t ( ,g5eva1 has1 a k+dom ( prie/s2 :i* is ei!r meant ( ! succession ( "o high-prie/ aft] ano!r1 or else x accorde? n ) ,/4 ,pet]1 nor ) ! ex]cise ( ! high-prie/hood3 = !re 0 nev] any b ! high-prie/ only1 t 0 to in=m ! p ( ,god's w2 nor any convocation ( prie/s ev] all[$ to ent] into ! ,sanctum ,sanctorum4 ,aga91 ! title ( a holy nation confirms ! same3 = holy signifies1 t :i* is ,god's by special1 n by g5]al "r4 ,all ! e>?1 z is said 9 ! text1 is ,god's2 b all ! e>? is n call$ holy1 b t only :i* is set ap>t = 8 especial s]vice1 z 0 ! nation ( ! ,jews4 ,x is !re=e manife/ en\gh by ?is "o place1 t by ! k+dom ( ,god1 is prop]ly meant a commonweal?1 in/itut$1 by ! cons5t ( ^? :i* 7 to be subject !reto1 = _! civil gov]nm5t1 & ! regulat+ ( _! behavi\r1 n only t[>ds ,god _! k+1 b also t[>ds "o ano!r 9 po9t ( ju/ice1 & t[>ds o!r nations bo? 9 peace & w>2 :i* prop]ly 0 a k+dom :]e9 ,god 0 k+1 & ! high-prie/ 0 to be1 aft] ! dea? ( ,moses1 8 sole vic]oy or lieut5ant4 ,b !re be _m o!r places t cle>ly prove ! same4 ,z fir/ 7#a ,samuel1 viii4 #g7 :5 ! ,eld]s ( ,israel1 griev$ ) ! corruption ( ! sons ( ,samuel1 dem&$ a k+1 ,samuel displeas$ !re)1 pray$ unto ! ,"l1 & ! ,"l answ]+ said unto him1 ,he>k5 unto ! voice ( ! p1 = !y h n reject$ !e1 b !y h reject$ me1 t ,i %\ld n reign ov] !m4 ,out ( :i* x is evid5t1 t ,god himself 0 !n _! k+2 & ,samuel did n comm& ! p1 b only deliv]$ to !m t :i* ,god f "t to "t appo9t$ him4 ,aga91 7#a ,sam4 xii4 #ab7 :]e ,samuel sai? to ! p1 ,:5 ye saw t ,naha%1 k+ ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon1 came aga9/ y1 ye said unto me1 ,nay1 b a k+ %all reign ov] u2 :5 ! ,"l y\r ,god 0 y\r k+4 ,x is manife/ t ,god 0 _! k+1 & gov]n$ ! civil /ate ( _! commonweal?4 ,& aft] ! ,israelites _h reject$ ,god1 ! prophets did =etell 8 re/itution2 z 7,isaiah1 xxiv4 #bc7 ,!n ! moon %all be conf\nd$1 & ! sun a%am$1 :5 ! ,"l ( ho/s %all reign 9 ,m\nt ,zion1 & 9 ,j]usalem2 :]e he speake? expressly ( 8 reign 9 ,zion & ,j]usalem2 t is1 on e>?4 ,& 7,micah1 iv4 #g7 ,& ! ,"l %all reign ov] !m 9 ,m\nt ,zion3 ?is ,m\nt ,zion is 9 ,j]usalem1 ^u ! e>?4 ,& 7,ezek4 xx4 #cc7 ,z ,i live1 sai? ! ,"l ,god1 surely ) a mighty h&1 & a /ret*$ out arm1 & ) fury p\r$ out1 ,i w rule ov] y2 & 7v]se #cg7 ,i w cause y to pass "u ! rod1 & ,i w br+ y into ! bond ( ! cov5ant2 t is1 ,i w reign ov] y1 & make y to /& to t cov5ant :i* y made ) me by ,moses1 & brake 9 y\r rebellion aga9/ me 9 ! days ( ,samuel1 & 9 y\r election ( ano!r k+4 ,& 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! angel ,gabriel sai? ( our ,savi\r 7,luke i4 #cb1 #cc7 ,he %all be great1 & be call$ ! ,son ( ! mo/ ,high1 & ! ,"l %all give unto him ! ?rone ( 8 fa!r ,david2 & he %all reign ov] ! h\se ( ,jacob = ev]2 & ( 8 k+dom !re %all be no end4 ,?is is also a k+dom ^u e>?2 = ! claim :]e(1 z an enemy to ,cs>1 he 0 put to dea?2 ! title ( 8 cross1 01 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ,k+ ( ! ,jews2 he 0 cr[n$ 9 scorn ) a cr[n ( ?orns2 & = ! proclaim+ ( him1 x is said ( ! disciples 7,acts xvii4 #g7 ,t !y did all ( !m contr>y to ! decrees ( ,cs>1 say+ !re 0 ano!r k+1 "o ,jesus4 ,! k+dom !re=e ( ,god is a real1 n a metaphorical k+dom2 & s tak51 n only 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b 9 ! ,new2 :5 we say1 ,= ?9e is ! k+dom1 ! p[]1 & glory1 x is to be und]/ood ( ,god's k+dom1 by =ce ( our cov5ant1 n by ! "r ( ,god's p[]2 = su* a k+dom ,god always ha?2 s t x 7 sup]flu\s to say 9 our pray]1 ,?y k+dom come1 unless x be meant ( ! re/oration ( t k+dom ( ,god by ,*ri/1 :i* by revolt ( ! ,israelites _h be5 int]rupt$ 9 ! election ( ,saul4 ,nor _h x be5 prop] to say1 ,! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&2 or to pray1 ,?y k+dom come1 if x _h /ill cont9u$4 ,!re be s _m o!r places t confirm ?is int]pretation1 t x 7 a wond] !re is no great] notice tak5 ( x1 b t x gives too mu* light to ,*ri/ian k+s to see _! "r ( ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t4 ,?is !y h obs]v$1 t in/ead ( a sac]dotal k+dom1 translate1 a k+dom ( prie/s2 = !y may z well translate a royal prie/hood1 z x is 9 ,/4 ,pet]1 into a prie/hood ( k+s4 ,& :]eas1 = a peculi> p1 !y put a preci\s jewel1 or treasure1 a man might z well call ! special regim5t1 or company ( a g5]al1 ! g5]al's preci\s jewel1 or 8 treasure4 ,9 %ort1 ! k+dom ( ,god is a civil k+dom2 :i* consi/$1 fir/1 9 ! obligation ( ! p ( ,israel to ^? laws1 :i* ,moses %\ld br+ unto !m f ,m\nt ,s9ai2 & :i* aft]w>ds ! high-prie/ = ! "t be+1 %\ld deliv] to !m f be=e ! *]ubims 9 ! sanctum sanctorum2 & :i* k+dom hav+ be5 ca/ (f 9 ! election ( ,saul1 ! prophets =etold1 %\ld be re/or$ by ,*ri/2 & ! re/oration :]e( we daily pray =1 :5 we say 9 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ,?y k+dom come2 & ! "r :]e( we ackn[l$ge1 :5 we add1 ,= ?9e is ! k+dom1 ! p[]1 & glory1 = ev] & ev]1 ,am52 & ! proclaim+ :]e(1 0 ! prea*+ ( ! apo/les2 & to :i* m5 are prep>$1 by ! tea*]s ( ! ,gospel2 to embrace :i* ,gospel1 t is to say1 to promise ob$i5ce to ,god's gov]nm5t1 is to be 9 ! k+dom ( grace1 because ,god ha? gratis giv5 to su* ! p[] to be ! subjects1 t is *ildr51 ( ,god h]eaft]1 :5 ,*ri/ %all come 9 maje/y to judge ! _w1 & actually to gov]n 8 own p1 :i* is call$ ! k+dom ( glory4 ,if ! k+dom ( ,god1 call$ also ! k+dom ( heav51 f ! glori\sness & admirable height ( t ?rone1 7 n a k+dom :i* ,god by 8 lieut5ants1 or vic>s1 :o deliv] 8 comm&m5ts to ! p1 did ex]cise on e>?2 !re w\ld n h be5 s mu* cont5tion1 & w>1 ab\t :o x is1 by :om ,god speake? to u2 nei!r w\ld _m prie/s h tr\bl$ !mselves ) spiritual jurisdiction1 nor any k+ h d5i$ x !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,holy1 :at4 ,out ( ?is lit]al int]pretation ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 arise? also ! true int]pretation ( ! ^w ,,holy4 ,= x is a ^w1 :i* 9 ,god's k+dom answ]e? to t1 :i* m5 9 _! k+doms use to call public1 or ! k+'s4 ,! k+ ( any c\ntry is ! public p]son1 or repres5tative ( all 8 own subjects4 ,& ,god ! k+ ( ,israel 0 ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel4 ,! nation :i* is subject to "o e>?ly sov]eign1 is ! nation ( t sov]eign1 t is1 ( ! public p]son4 ,s ! ,jews1 :o 7 ,god's nation1 7 call$ 7,exod4 xix4 #f7 a holy nation4 ,= by holy1 is always und]/ood ei!r ,god himself1 or t :i* is ,god's 9 propriety2 z by public is always meant1 ei!r ! p]son ( ! commonweal? itself1 or some?+ t is s ! commonweal?'s1 z no private p]son c claim any propriety !re94 ,!re=e ! ,sabba?1 ,god's day1 is a holy day2 ! temple1 ,god's h\se1 a holy h\se2 sacrifices1 ti!s1 & (f]+s1 ,god's tribute1 holy duties2 prie/s1 prophets1 & ano9t$ k+s1 "u ,*ri/1 ,god's m9i/]s1 holy m52 ! cele/ial m9i/]+ spirits1 ,god's mess5g]s1 holy angels2 & ! l3 & :]esoev] ! ^w holy is tak5 prop]ly1 !re is /ill some?+ signifi$ ( propriety1 gott5 by cons5t4 ,9 say+1 ,hall[$ be ?y "n1 we d b pray to ,god = grace to keep ! fir/ comm&m5t1 ( hav+ no o!r ,gods b him4 ,mank9d is ,god's nation 9 propriety3 b ! ,jews only 7 a holy nation4 ,:y1 b because !y became 8 propriety by cov5ant8 ,sid5ote3 ,sacr$1 :at4 ,& ! ^w pr(ane1 is usually tak5 9 ! ,scripture = ! same ) common2 & consequ5tly _! contr>ies1 holy & prop]1 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 mu/ be ! same also4 ,b figuratively1 ^? m5 also are call$ holy1 t l$ su* godly lives1 z if !y _h =sak5 all worldly designs1 & :olly devot$ & giv5 !mselves to ,god4 ,9 ! prop] s5se1 t :i* is made holy by ,god's appropriat+ or sep>at+ x to 8 own use1 is said to be sanctifi$ by ,god1 z ! sev5? day 9 ! f\r? comm&m5t2 & z ! elect 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 said to be sanctifi$1 :5 !y 7 endu$ ) ! _s ( godl9ess4 ,& t :i* is made holy by ! d$ication ( m51 & giv5 to ,god1 s z to be us$ only 9 8 public s]vice1 is call$ also ,,sacr$1 & said to be consecrat$1 z temples1 & o!r h\ses ( public pray]1 & _! ut5sils1 prie/s1 & m9i/]s1 victims1 (f]+s1 & ! ext]nal matt] ( sacram5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,degrees ( sanctity4 ,( hol9ess !re be degrees3 = ( ^? ?+s t are set ap>t = ! s]vice ( ,god1 !re may be "s set ap>t aga91 = a ne>] & m especial s]vice4 ,! :ole nation ( ! ,israelites 7 a p holy to ,god2 yet ! tribe ( ,levi 0 among/ ! ,israelites a holy tribe2 & among/ ! ,levites1 ! prie/s 7 yet m holy2 & among/ ! prie/s1 ! high-prie/ 0 ! mo/ holy4 ,s ! l& ( ,judea 0 ! ,holy ,l&2 b ! holy city :]e9 ,god 0 to be wor%ipp$1 0 m holy2 & aga9 ! ,temple m holy ?an ! city1 & ! sanctum sanctorum m holy ?an ! re/ ( ! ,temple4 ,sid5ote3 ,sacram5t4 ,a ,,sacram5t1 is a sep>ation ( "s visible ?+ f common use2 & a consecration ( x to ,god's s]vice1 = a sign ei!r ( our admission into ! k+dom ( ,god1 to be ( ! numb] ( 8 peculi> p1 or = a commemoration ( ! same4 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! sign ( admission 0 circumcision2 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 baptism4 ,! commemoration ( x 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 0 ! eat+1 at a c]ta9 "t :i* 0 anniv]s>y1 ( ! ,pas*al ,lamb2 by :i* !y 7 put 9 m9d ( ! night :]e9 !y 7 deliv]$ out ( _! bondage 9 ,egypt2 & 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! celebrat+ ( ! ,"l's ,supp]2 by :i*1 we are put 9 m9d ( our deliv]ance f ! bondage ( s91 by our bless$ ,savi\r's dea? ^u ! cross4 ,! sacram5ts ( admission1 are b once to be us$1 because !re ne$s b "o admission2 b because we h ne$ ( be+ (t5 put 9 m9d ( our deliv]ance1 & ( our allegiance1 ! sacram5ts ( commemoration h ne$ to be reit]at$4 ,& ^! are ! pr9cipal sacram5ts1 & z x 7 ! solemn oa?s we make ( our allegiance4 ,!re be also o!r consecrations1 t may be call$ sacram5ts1 z ! ^w implie? only consecration to ,god's s]vice2 b z x implies an oa?1 or promise ( allegiance to ,god1 !re 7 no o!r 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b circumcision1 & ! passov]2 nor are !re any o!r 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,,( ,,! ,,^w ,,( ,,god1 ,,& ,,( ,,prophets4 ,sid5ote3 ,^w1 :at4 ,:5 !re is m5tion ( ! ^w ( ,god1 or ( man1 x do? n signify a "p ( spee*1 su* z gramm>ians call a n\n1 or a v]b1 or any simple voice1 )\t a contexture ) o!r words to make x significative2 b a p]fect spee* or disc\rse1 :]eby ! speak] affirme?1 d5ie?1 comm&e?1 promise?1 ?reat5e?1 wi%e?1 or int]rogate?4 ,9 :i* s5se x is n vocabulum1 t signifies a ^w2 b s]mo1 79 ,greek 7 t is1 "s spee*1 disc\rse1 or say+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! words spok5 by ,god1 & conc]n+ ,god1 bo? are call$ ,god's ^w 9 ,scripture4 ,aga91 if we say ! ^w ( ,god1 or ( man1 x may be und]/ood sometimes ( ! speak]3 z ! words t ,god ha? spok51 or t a man ha? spok52 9 :i* s5se1 :5 we say1 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 we und]/& ,/4 ,mat!w to be ! writ] ( x3 & sometimes ( ! subject2 9 :i* s5se1 :5 we read 9 ! ,bible1 ! words ( ! days ( ! k+s ( ,israel1 or ,judah1 x is meant1 t ! acts t 7 done 9 ^? days1 7 ! subject ( ^? words2 & 9 ! ,greek1 :i*1 9 ! ,scripture1 reta9e? _m ,hebraisms1 by ! ^w ( ,god is (t5times meant1 n t :i* is spok5 by ,god1 b conc]n+ ,god1 & 8 gov]nm5t2 t is to say1 ! doctr9e ( religion3 insomu*1 z x is all "o1 to say 1 & !ologia2 :i* is1 t doctr9e :i* we usually call div9ity1 z is manife/ by ! places foll[+1 7,acts xiii4 #df7 ,!n ,paul & ,b>nabas wax$ bold1 & said1 x 0 necess>y t ! ^w ( ,god %\ld fir/ h be5 spok5 to y1 b see+ y put x f y1 & judge y\rselves unwor?y ( ev]la/+ life1 lo1 we turn to ! ,g5tiles4 ,t :i* is "h call$ ! ^w ( ,god1 0 ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/ian religion2 z x appe>s evid5tly by t :i* goes be=e4 ,& 7,acts v4 #bj7 :]e x is said to ! apo/les by an angel1 ,g /& & speak 9 ! ,temple1 all ! words ( ?is life2 by ! words ( ?is life1 is meant1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,gospel2 z is evid5t by :at !y did 9 ! ,temple1 & is express$ 9 ! la/ v]se ( ! same *apt]1 ,daily 9 ! ,temple1 & 9 e h\se !y ceas$ n to tea* & prea* ,*ri/ ,jesus3 9 :i* place x is manife/1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ! subject ( ?is ^w ( life2 or1 :i* is all "o1 ! subject ( ! words ( ?is life et]nal1 t our ,savi\r (f]$ !m4 ,s 7,acts xv4 #g7 ! ^w ( ,god1 is call$ ! ^w ( ! ,gospel1 because x conta9e? ! doctr9e ( ! k+dom ( ,*ri/2 & ! same ^w 7,rom4 x4 #h1 #i7 is call$ ! ^w ( fai?2 t is1 z is !re express$1 ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/ come1 & rais$ f ! dead4 ,also 7,mat?4 xiii4 #ai7 ,:5 any "o he>e? ! ^w ( ! k+dom2 t is1 ! doctr9e ( ! k+dom taught by ,*ri/4 ,aga91 ! same ^w1 is said 7,acts xii4 #bd7 to gr[ & to be multipli$2 :i* to und]/& ( ! evangelical doctr9e is easy1 b ( ! voice or spee* ( ,god1 h>d & /range4 ,9 ! same s5se 7#a ,tim4 iv4 #a7 ! doctr9e ( devils signifie? n ! words ( any devil1 b ! doctr9e ( hea!n m5 conc]n+ demons1 & ^? phantasms :i* !y wor%ipp$ z gods4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ^w ( ,god metaphorically us$1 fir/1 = ! decrees & p[] ( ,god4 ,consid]+ ^! two significations ( ! ,,^w ,,( ,,god1 z x is tak5 9 ,scripture1 x is manife/ 9 ?is latt] s5se1 :]e x is tak5 = ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/ian religion1 t ! :ole ,scripture is ! ^w ( ,god3 b 9 ! =m] s5se1 n s4 ,= example1 ?\gh ^! words1 ,i am ! ,"l ?y ,god1 c4 to ! end ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 7 spok5 by ,god to ,moses2 yet ! preface1 ,god spake ^! words & said1 is to be und]/ood = ! words ( him t wrote ! holy hi/ory4 ,! ^w ( ,god1 z x is tak5 = t :i* he ha? spok51 is und]/ood sometimes prop]ly1 sometimes metaphorically4 ,prop]ly1 z ! words he ha? spok5 to 8 prophets3 metaphorically1 = 8 wisdom1 p[]1 & et]nal decree1 9 mak+ ! _w2 9 :i* s5se1 ^? fiats1 ,let !re be light1 ,let !re be a firmam5t1 ,let u make man1 c4 7,g54 i47 are ! ^w ( ,god4 ,& 9 ! same s5se x is said 7,john i4 #c7 ,all ?+s 7 made by x1 & )\t x 0 no?+ made t 0 made3 & 7,heb4 i4 #c7 ,he upholde? all ?+s by ! ^w ( 8 p[]2 t is1 by ! p[] ( 8 ^w2 t is1 by 8 p[]3 & 7,heb4 xi4 #c7 ,! worlds 7 fram$ by ! ^w ( ,god2 & _m o!r places to ! same s5se3 z also among/ ! ,lat9s1 ! "n ( fate1 :i* signifi$ prop]ly ! ^w spok51 is tak5 9 ! same s5se4 ,sid5ote3 ,secondly1 = ! effect ( 8 ^w4 ,secondly1 = ! effect ( 8 ^w2 t is to say1 = ! ?+ itself1 :i* by 8 ^w is affirm$1 comm&$1 ?reat5$1 or promis$2 z 7,psalm cv4 #ai7 :]e ,joseph is said to h be5 kept 9 prison1 till 8 ^w 0 come2 t is1 till t 0 come to pass :i* he _h =etold to ,ph>aoh's butl] 7,g54 xl4 #ac7 conc]n+ 8 be+ re/or$ to 8 (fice3 = !re1 by 8 ^w 0 come1 is meant1 ! ?+ itself 0 come to pass4 ,s also 7#a ,k+s xviii4 #cf7 ,elijah sai? to ,god1 ,i h done all ^! ?y words1 in/ead ( ,i h done all ^! ?+s at ?y ^w1 or comm&m5t2 & 7,j]4 xvii4 #ae7 ,:]e is ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 is put =1 ,:]e is ! evil he ?reat5$4 ,& 7,ezek4 xii4 #bh7 ,!re %all none ( my words be prolong$ any m3 by words are und]/ood ^? ?+s1 :i* ,god promis$ to 8 p4 ,& 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 7,mat?4 xxiv4 #ce7 heav5 & e>? %all pass away1 b my words %all n pass away2 t is1 !re is no?+ t ,i h promis$ or =etold1 t %all n come to pass4 ,& 9 ?is s5se x is1 t ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 &1 ,i ?9k1 ,/4 ,john only1 calle? our ,savi\r himself z 9 ! fle% ! ^w ( ,god1 z 7,john i4 #ad7 ! ^w 0 made fle%2 t is to say1 ! ^w1 or promise t ,*ri/ %\ld come into ! _w2 :o 9 ! beg9n+ 0 ) ,god2 t is to say1 x 0 9 ! purpose ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 to s5d ,god ! ,son into ! _w1 to enlight5 m5 9 ! way ( et]nal life2 b x 0 n till !n put 9 execution1 & actually inc>nate4 ,s t our ,savi\r is !re call$ ! ^w1 n because he 0 ! promise1 b ! ?+ promis$4 ,!y t tak+ occasion f ?is place1 d commonly call him ! v]b ( ,god1 d b r5d] ! text m obscure4 ,!y might z well t]m him ! n\n ( ,god3 = z by n\n1 s also by v]b1 m5 und]/& no?+ b a "p ( spee*1 a voice1 a s\nd1 t nei!r affirms1 nor d5ies1 nor comm&s1 nor promise?1 nor is any sub/ance corporeal1 or spiritual2 & !re=e x _c be said to be ei!r ,god1 or man2 :]eas our ,savi\r is bo?4 ,& ?is ^w1 :i* ,/4 ,john 9 8 gospel sai? 0 ) ,god1 is 79 8 fir/ ,epi/le1 v]se #a7 call$ ! ^w ( life2 & 7v]se #b7 ! et]nal life1 :i* 0 ) ! ,fa!r4 ,s t he c be 9 no o!r s5se call$ ! ^w1 ?an 9 t1 :]e9 he is call$ et]nal life2 t is1 he t ha? procur$ u et]nal life1 by 8 com+ 9 ! fle%4 ,s also 7,apocalypse xix4 #ac7 ! apo/le speak+ ( ,*ri/1 clo!d 9 a g>m5t dipp$ 9 blood1 sai?1 8 "n is ! ^w ( ,god2 :i* is to be und]/ood1 z if he _h said 8 "n _h be51 ,he t 0 come accord+ to ! purpose ( ,god f ! beg9n+1 & accord+ to 8 ^w & promises deliv]$ by ! prophets4 ,s t !re is no?+ "h ( ! inc>nation ( a ^w1 b ( ! inc>nation ( ,god ! ,son1 !re=e call$ ! ^w1 because 8 inc>nation 0 ! p]=mance ( ! promise2 9 l mann] z ! ,holy ,gho/ is call$ 7,acts i4 #d2 ,luke xxiv4 #di7 ! promise4 ,sid5ote3 ,?irdly1 = ! words ( reason & equity4 ,!re are also places ( ! ,scripture1 :]e1 by ! ^w ( ,god1 is signifi$ su* words z are consonant to reason & equity1 ?\gh spok5 sometimes nei!r by prophet1 nor by a holy man4 ,= ,ph>aoh-,ne*o 0 an idolat]2 yet 8 words to ! good k+ ,josiah1 9 :i* he advis$ him by mess5g]s1 n to oppose him 9 8 m>* aga9/ ,*>*emi%1 are said to h proce$$ f ! m\? ( ,god2 & t ,josiah1 n he>k5+ to !m1 0 sla9 9 ! battle2 z is to be read 7#b ,*ron4 xxxv4 #ba1 #bb1 #bc47 ,x is true1 t z ! same hi/ory is relat$ 9 ! fir/ book ( ,esdras1 n ,ph>aoh1 b ,j]emiah1 spake ^! words to ,josiah1 f ! m\? ( ! ,"l4 ,b we are to give cr$it to ! canonical ,scripture1 :atsoev] be writt5 9 ! ,apocrypha4 ,! ^w ( ,god1 is !n also to be tak5 = ! dictates ( reason & equity1 :5 ! same is said 9 ! ,scriptures to be writt5 9 man's he>t2 z ,psalm xxxvii4 #ca2 ,j]4 xxxi4 #cc2 ,deut4 xxx4 #aa1 #ad1 & _m o!r l places4 ,sid5ote3 ,div]s acceptions ( ! ^w prophet4 ,! "n ( ,,prophet signifie? 9 ,scripture1 sometimes prolocutor2 t is1 he t speake? f ,god to man1 or f man to ,god3 & sometimes pr$ictor1 or a =etell] ( ?+s to come3 & sometimes "o t speake? incoh]5tly1 z m5 t are di/ract$4 ,x is mo/ frequ5tly us$ 9 ! s5se ( speak+ f ,god to ! p4 ,s ,moses1 ,samuel1 ,elijah1 ,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 & o!rs 7 prophets4 ,& 9 ?is s5se ! high-prie/ 0 a prophet1 = he only w5t into ! sanctum sanctorum1 to enquire ( ,god2 & 0 to decl>e 8 answ] to ! p4 ,& !re=e :5 ,caiphas said1 x 0 exp$i5t t "o man %\ld die = ! p1 ,/4 ,john sai? 7*apt] xi4 #ea7 t ,he spake n ?is ( himself1 b be+ high-prie/ t ye>1 he prophesi$ t "o man %\ld die = ! nation4 ,also !y t 9 ,*ri/ian congregations taught ! p1 7#a ,cor4 xiv4 #c7 are said to prophecy4 ,9 ! l s5se x is1 t ,god sai? to ,moses 7,exod4 iv4 #af7 conc]n+ ,a>on1 ,he %all be ?y spokesman to ! p2 & he %all be to !e a m\?1 & ?\ %alt be to him in/ead ( ,god3 t :i* "h is spokesman1 is 7,exod4 vii4 #a7 int]pret$ prophet2 ,see1 sai? ,god1 ,i h made !e a ,god to ,ph>aoh1 & ,a>on ?y bro!r %all be ?y prophet4 ,9 ! s5se ( speak+ f man to ,god1 ,abraham is call$ a prophet 7,g54 xx4 #g7 :]e ,god 9 a dream speake? to ,abimele* 9 ?is mann]1 ,n[ !re=e re/ore ! man 8 wife1 = he is a prophet1 & %all pray = !e2 :]eby may be also ga!r$1 t ! "n ( prophet may be giv51 n unprop]ly1 to !m t 9 ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 h a call+ to say public pray]s = ! congregation4 ,9 ! same s5se1 ! prophets t came d[n f ! high place1 or hill ( ,god1 ) a psalt]y1 & a tabret1 & a pipe1 & a h>p 7#a ,sam4 x4 #e1 #f1 & #aj71 ,saul among/ !m1 are said to prophecy1 9 t !y prais$ ,god 9 t mann] publicly4 ,9 ! l s5se1 is ,miriam 7,exod4 xv4 #bj7 call$ a prophetess4 ,s is x also to be tak5 7#a ,cor4 xi4 #d1 #e71 :]e ,/4 ,paul sai?1 ,e man t praye? or prophecie? ) 8 head cov]$1 c41 & e woman t praye? or prophecie? ) h] head uncov]$3 = prophecy1 9 t place1 signifie? no m1 b prais+ ,god 9 psalms & holy songs2 :i* wom5 might d 9 ! *ur*1 ?\gh x 7 n lawful = !m to speak to ! congregation4 ,& 9 ?is signification x is1 t ! poets ( ! hea!n1 t compos$ hymns & o!r sorts ( poems 9 ! hon\r ( _! gods1 7 call$ vates1 prophets2 z is well en\gh kn[n by all t are v]s$ 9 ! books ( ! ,g5tiles1 & z is evid5t 7,tit4 i4 #ab71 :]e ,/4 ,paul sai? ( ! ,cretians1 t a prophet ( _! own said1 !y 7 li>s2 n t ,/4 ,paul held _! poets = prophets1 b ackn[l$ge? t ! ^w prophet 0 commonly us$ to signify !m t celebrat$ ! hon\r ( ,god 9 v]se4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr$iction ( future cont+5ts1 n always prophecy4 ,:5 by prophecy is meant pr$iction1 or =etell+ ( future cont+5ts2 n only !y 7 prophets1 :o 7 ,god's spokesm51 & =etold ^? ?+s to o!rs1 :i* ,god _h =etold to !m2 b also all ^? impo/ors1 t pret5d1 by help ( famili> spirits1 or by sup]/iti\s div9ation ( ev5ts pa/1 f false causes1 to =etel ! l ev5ts 9 "t to come3 ( :i*1 z ,i h decl>$ already 9 ! twelf? *apt] ( ?is disc\rse1 !re be _m k9ds1 :o ga9 9 ! op9ion ( ! common sort ( m51 a great] reputation ( prophecy1 by "o casual ev5t t may be b wre/$ to _! purpose1 ?an c be lo/ aga9 by nev] s _m fail+s4 ,prophecy is n an art1 nor1 :5 x is tak5 = pr$iction1 a con/ant vocation2 b an extraord9>y1 & tempor>y employm5t f ,god1 mo/ (t5 ( good m51 b sometimes also ( ! wick$4 ,! woman ( ,endor1 :o is said to h _h a famili> _s1 & !reby to h rais$ a phantasm ( ,samuel1 & =etold ,saul 8 dea?1 0 n !re=e a prophetess2 = nei!r _h %e any sci5ce1 :]eby %e c\ld raise su* a phantasm2 nor does x appe> t ,god comm&$ ! rais+ ( x2 b only guid$ t impo/ure to be a means ( ,saul's t]ror & disc\ragem5t1 & by consequ5t1 ( ! discomfiture by :i* he fell4 ,& = incoh]5t spee*1 x 0 among/ ! ,g5tiles tak5 = "o sort ( prophecy1 because ! prophets ( _! oracles1 intoxicat$ ) a _s or vap\r f ! cave ( ! ,py?ian oracle at ,delphi1 7 = ! "t really mad1 & spake l madm52 ( ^: loose words a s5se might be made to fit any ev5t1 9 su* sort1 z all bodies are said to be made ( mat]ia prima4 ,9 ,scripture ,i f9d x also s tak5 7#a ,sam4 xviii4 #aj7 9 ^! words1 ,& ! evil _s came ^u ,saul1 & he propheci$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! h\se4 ,sid5ote3 ,! mann] h[ ,god ha? spok5 to ! prophets4 ,& al?\gh !re be s _m significations 9 ,scripture ( ! ^w prophet2 yet is t ! mo/ frequ5t1 9 :i* x is tak5 = him1 to :om ,god speake? imm$iately t :i* ! prophet is to say f him1 to "s o!r man1 or to ! p4 ,& h]eupon a "q may be ask$1 9 :at mann] ,god speake? to su* a prophet4 ,c x1 may "s say1 be prop]ly said1 t ,god ha? voice & language1 :5 x _c be prop]ly said1 he ha? a tongue1 or o!r organs1 z a man8 ,! prophet ,david argue? ?us1 7,psalm xciv4 #i7 ,%all he t made ! eye1 n see8 or he t made ! e>1 n he>8 ,b ?is may be spok51 n z usually1 to signify ,god's nature1 b to signify our int5tion to hon\r him4 ,= to see1 & he>1 are hon\rable attributes1 & may be giv5 to ,god1 to decl>e1 z f> z our capacity c conceive1 8 almighty p[]4 ,b if x 7 to be tak5 9 ! /rict & prop] s5se1 "o might argue f 8 mak+ ( all o!r p>ts ( man's body1 t he _h also ! same use ( !m :i* we h2 :i* w\ld be _m ( !m s uncomely1 z x w\ld be ! greate/ contumely 9 ! _w to ascribe !m to him4 ,!re=e we are to int]pret ,god's speak+ to m5 imm$iately1 = t way1 :atsoev] x be1 by :i* ,god makes !m und]/& 8 w4 ,& ! ways :]eby he do? ?is1 are _m1 & to be s\ght only 9 ! ,holy ,scripture3 :]e ?\gh _m times x be said1 t ,god spake to ?is1 & t p]son1 )\t decl>+ 9 :at mann]2 yet !re be aga9 _m places1 t deliv] also ! signs by :i* !y 7 to ackn[l$ge 8 pres5ce1 & comm&m5t2 & by ^! may be und]/ood1 h[ he spake to _m ( ! re/4 ,sid5ote3 ,to ! extraord9>y prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t he spake by dreams1 or visions4 ,9 :at mann] ,god spake to ,adam1 & ,eve1 & ,ca91 & ,noah1 is n express$2 nor h[ he spake to ,abraham1 till su* "t z he came out ( 8 own c\ntry to ,si*em 9 ! l& ( ,canaan2 & !n 7,g54 xii4 #g7 ,god is said to h appe>$ to him4 ,s !re is "o way1 :]eby ,god made 8 pres5ce manife/2 t is1 by an app>ition1 or vision4 ,& aga91 7,g54 xv4 #a7 ! ^w ( ! ,"l came to ,abraham 9 a vision2 t is to say1 some:at1 z a sign ( ,god's pres5ce1 appe>$ z ,god's mess5g]1 to speak to him4 ,aga91 ! ,"l appe>$ to ,abraham 7,g54 xviii4 #a7 by an app>ition ( ?ree angels2 & to ,abimele* 7,g54 xx4 #c7 9 a dream3 to ,lot 7,g54 xix4 #a7 by an app>ition ( two angels3 & to ,ag> 7,g54 xxi4 #ag7 by ! app>ition ( "o angel3 & to ,abraham aga9 7,g54 xxii4 #aa7 by ! app>ition ( a voice f heav53 & 7,g54 xxvi4 #bd7 to ,isaac 9 ! night1 t is1 9 8 sleep1 or by dream3 & to ,jacob 7,g54 xxviii4 #ab7 9 a dream2 t is to say1 z are ! words ( ! text1 ,jacob dream$ t he saw a ladd]1 c43 & 7,g54 xxxii4 #a7 9 a vision ( angels3 & to ,moses 7,exod4 iii4 #b7 9 ! app>ition ( a flame ( fire out ( ! mid/ ( a bu%4 ,& aft] ! "t ( ,moses1 :]e ! mann] h[ ,god spake imm$iately to man 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t is express$1 he spake always by a vision1 or by a dream2 z to ,gideon1 ,samuel1 ,eliah1 ,eli%a1 ,isaiah1 ,ezekiel1 & ! re/ ( ! prophets2 & (t5 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z to ,joseph1 to ,/4 ,pet]1 to ,/4 ,paul1 & to ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ 9 ! ,apocalypse4 ,only to ,moses he spake 9 a m extraord9>y mann] 9 ,m\nt ,s9ai1 & 9 ! ,tab]nacle2 & to ! high-prie/ 9 ! ,tab]nacle1 & 9 ! sanctum sanctorum ( ! ,temple4 ,b ,moses1 & aft] him ! high-prie/s1 7 prophets ( a m em95t place & degree 9 ,god's fav\r2 & ,god himself 9 express words decl>e?1 t to o!r prophets he spake 9 dreams & visions1 b to 8 s]vant ,moses1 9 su* mann] z a man speake? to 8 fri5d4 ,! words are ^! 7,numb4 xii4 #f1 #g1 #h7 ,if !re be a prophet among y1 ,i ! ,"l w make myself kn[n to him 9 a vision1 & w speak unto him 9 a dream4 ,my s]vant ,moses is n s1 :o is fai?ful 9 all my h\se2 ) him ,i w speak m\? to m\?1 ev5 app>5tly1 n 9 d>k spee*es2 & ! similitude ( ! ,"l %all he behold4 ,& 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #aa7 ,! ,"l spake to ,moses face to face1 z a man speake? to 8 fri5d4 ,& yet ?is speak+ ( ,god to ,moses1 0 by m$iation ( an angel1 or angels1 z appe>s expressly1 ,acts vii4 #ce & #ec1 & ,gal4 iii4 #ai2 & 0 !re=e a vision1 ?\gh a m cle> vision ?an 0 giv5 to o!r prophets4 ,& con=mable h]eunto1 :]e ,god sai? 7,deut4 xiii4 #a7 ,if !re arise among/ y a prophet1 or dream] ( dreams1 ! latt] ^w is b ! int]pretation ( ! =m]4 ,& 7,joel1 ii4 #bh7 ,y\r sons & y\r daught]s %all prophecy2 y\r old m5 %all dream dreams1 & y\r "y m5 %all see visions2 :]e aga91 ! ^w prophecy is exp\nd$ by dream1 & vision4 ,& 9 ! same mann] x 01 t ,god spake to ,solomon1 promis+ him wisdom1 ri*es1 & hon\r2 = ! text sai?1 7#a ,k+s iii4 #ae7 ,& ,solomon awoke1 & behold x 0 a dream2 s t g5]ally ! prophets extraord9>y 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t took notice ( ! ^w ( ,god no o!rwise ?an f _! dreams1 or visions2 t is to say1 f ! imag9ations :i* !y _h 9 _! sleep1 or 9 an extasy3 :i* imag9ations 9 e true prophet 7 sup]natural2 b 9 false prophets 7 ei!r natural or feign$4 ,! same prophets 7 nev]!less said to speak by ! _s2 z 7,ze*4 vii4 #ab72 :]e ! prophet speak+ ( ! ,jews1 sai?1 ,!y made _! he>ts h>d z adamant1 le/ !y %\ld he> ! law1 & ! words :i* ! ,"l ( ,ho/s ha? s5t 9 8 ,_s by ! =m] prophets4 ,by :i* x is manife/1 t speak+ by ! _s1 or inspiration1 0 n a p>ticul> mann] ( ,god's speak+1 diff]5t f vision1 :5 !y1 t 7 said to speak by ! ,_s1 7 extraord9>y prophets1 su* z = e new message1 7 to h a peculi> commission1 or1 :i* is all "o1 a new dream1 or vision4 ,sid5ote3 ,to prophets ( p]petual call+1 & supreme1 ,god spake 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t f ! m]cy seat1 9 a mann] n express$ 9 ! ,scripture4 ,( prophets1 t 7 s by a p]petual call+ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 "s 7 supreme1 & "s subord9ate3 supreme 7 fir/ ,moses2 & aft] him ! high-prie/s1 e "o = 8 "t1 z long z ! prie/hood 0 royal2 & aft] ! p ( ! ,jews _h reject$ ,god1 t he %\ld no m reign ov] !m1 ^? k+s :i* submitt$ !mselves to ,god's gov]nm5t1 7 also 8 *ief prophets2 & ! high-prie/'s (fice became m9i/]ial4 ,& :5 ,god 0 to be consult$1 !y put on ! holy ve/m5ts1 & enquir$ ( ! ,"l1 z ! k+ comm&$ !m1 & 7 depriv$ ( _! (fice1 :5 ! k+ ?\ght fit4 ,= k+ ,saul 7#a ,sam4 xiii4 #i7 comm&$ ! burnt (f]+ to be br\ght1 & 7#a ,sam4 xiv4 #ah7 he comm&s ! prie/s to br+ ! ark ne> him2 & 7v4 #ai7 aga9 to let x alone1 because he saw an advantage ^u 8 enemies4 ,& 9 ! same *apt] 7v4 #cg7 ,saul aske? c\nsel ( ,god4 ,9 l mann] k+ ,david1 aft] 8 be+ ano9t$1 ?\gh be=e he _h possession ( ! k+dom1 is said to enquire ( ! ,"l 7#a ,sam4 xxiii4 #b7 :e!r he %\ld fight aga9/ ! ,phili/9es at ,keilah2 & 7v]se #i7 ,david comm&e? ! prie/ to br+ him ! ephod1 to enquire :e!r he %\ld /ay 9 ,keilah1 or n4 ,& k+ ,solomon 7#a ,k+s ii4 #bg7 took ! prie/hood f ,abia?>1 & gave x 7v]se #ce7 to ,zadok4 ,!re=e ,moses1 & ! high-prie/s1 & ! pi\s k+s1 :o enquir$ ( ,god on all extraord9>y occasions1 h[ !y 7 to c>ry !mselves1 or :at ev5t !y 7 to h1 7 all sov]eign prophets4 ,b 9 :at mann] ,god spake unto !m is n manife/4 ,to say t :5 ,moses w5t up to ,god 9 ,m\nt ,s9ai1 x 0 a dream or vision1 su* z o!r prophets _h1 is contr>y to t di/9ction :i* ,god made betwe5 ,moses & o!r prophets 7,numb4 xii4 #f1 #g1 #h74 ,to say ,god spake or appe>$ z he is 9 8 own nature1 is to d5y 8 inf9it5ess1 invisibility1 incompreh5sibility4 ,to say he spake by inspiration1 or infusion ( ! ,holy ,_s1 z ! ,holy ,_s signifie? ! ,deity1 is to make ,moses equal ) ,*ri/1 9 :om only ! ,godhead 7z ,/4 ,paul speake?1 ,col4 ii4 #i7 dwelle? bodily4 ,& la/ly1 to say he spake by ! ,holy ,_s1 z x signifie? ! graces or gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s1 is to attribute no?+ to him sup]natural4 ,= ,god dispose? m5 to piety1 ju/ice1 m]cy1 tru?1 fai?1 & all mann] ( virtue1 bo? moral & intellectual1 by doctr9e1 example1 & by sev]al occasions1 natural & ord9>y4 ,& z ^! ways _c be appli$ to ,god 9 8 speak+ to ,moses1 at ,m\nt ,s9ai2 s also1 !y _c be appli$ to him1 9 8 speak+ to ! high-prie/s1 f ! m]cy-seat4 ,!re=e 9 :at mann] ,god spake to ^? sov]eign prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ^: (fice x 0 to enquire ( him1 is n intelligible4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 !re 0 no sov]eign prophet1 b our ,savi\r2 :o 0 bo? ,god t spake1 & ! prophet to :om he spake4 ,sid5ote3 ,to prophets ( p]petual call+1 b subord9ate1 ,god spake by ! _s4 ,to subord9ate prophets ( p]petual call+1 ,i f9d n any place t prove? ,god spake to !m sup]naturally2 b only 9 su* mann]1 z naturally he incl9e? m5 to piety1 to belief1 to righte\sness1 & to o!r virtues all o!r ,*ri/ian m54 ,:i* way1 ?\gh x consi/ 9 con/itution1 in/ruction1 education1 & ! occasions & invitem5ts m5 h to ,*ri/ian virtues2 yet x is truly attribut$ to ! op]ation ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 or ,holy ,_s1 :i* we 9 our language call ! ,holy ,gho/3 = !re is no good incl9ation1 t is n ( ! op]ation ( ,god4 ,b ^! op]ations are n always sup]natural4 ,:5 !re=e a prophet is said to speak 9 ! _s1 or by ! _s ( ,god1 we are to und]/& no m1 b t he speaks accord+ to ,god's w1 decl>$ by ! supreme prophet4 ,= ! mo/ common acceptation ( ! ^w _s1 is 9 ! signification ( a man's int5tion1 m9d1 or disposition4 ,9 ! "t ( ,moses1 !re 7 sev5ty m5 besides himself1 t propheci$ 9 ! camp ( ! ,israelites4 ,9 :at mann] ,god spake to !m1 is decl>$ 9 ,numb]s1 *ap4 xi4 v]se #be4 ,! ,"l came d[n 9 a cl\d1 & spake unto ,moses1 & took ( ! _s t 0 ^u him1 & gave x to ! sev5ty eld]s4 ,& x came to pass1 :5 ! _s re/$ ^u !m1 !y propheci$ & did n cease4 ,by :i* x is manife/1 fir/1 t _! prophecy+ to ! p 0 subs]vi5t & subord9ate to ! prophecy+ ( ,moses2 = t ,god took ( ! _s ( ,moses1 to put ^u !m2 s t !y propheci$ z ,moses w\ld h !m3 o!rwise !y _h n be5 suff]$ to prophecy at all4 ,= !re 0 7v]se #bg7 a compla9t made aga9/ !m to ,moses2 & ,jo%ua w\ld h ,moses to h =bidd5 !m2 :i* he did n1 b said to ,jo%ua1 be n jeal\s 9 my behalf4 ,secondly1 t ! _s ( ,god 9 t place signifie? no?+ b ! m9d & disposition to obey & assi/ ,moses 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,= if x 7 meant !y _h ! sub/antial _s ( ,god2 t is1 ! div9e nature1 inspir$ into !m1 !n !y _h x 9 no less mann] ?an ,*ri/ himself1 9 :om only ! _s ( ,god dwelt bodily4 ,x is meant !re=e ( ! gift & grace ( ,god1 t guid$ !m to coop]ate ) ,moses2 f :om _! _s 0 d]iv$4 ,& x appe>e? 7,numb4 xi4 #af7 t !y 7 su* z ,moses himself %\ld appo9t = eld]s & (fic]s ( ! p3 = ! words are1 ,ga!r unto me sev5ty m51 :om ?\ kn[e/ to be eld]s & (fic]s ( ! p3 :]e1 ?\ kn[e/1 is ! same ) ?\ appo9te/1 or ha/ appo9t$ to be su*4 ,= we are told be=e 7,exod4 xviii4 #bd7 t ,moses foll[+ ! c\nsel ( ,je?ro1 8 fa!r-9-law1 did appo9t judges & (fic]s ov] ! p1 su* z fe>$ ,god2 & ( ^! 7 ^? sev5ty1 :om ,god1 by putt+ ^u !m ,moses' _s1 incl9$ to aid ,moses 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! k+dom3 & 9 ?is s5se ! _s ( ,god is said 7#a ,sam4 xvi4 #ac1 #ad7 pres5tly ^u ! ano9t+ ( ,david1 to h come ^u ,david1 & left ,saul2 ,god giv+ 8 graces to him he *ose to gov]n 8 p1 & tak+ !m away f him he reject$4 ,s t by ! _s is meant incl9ation to ,god's s]vice2 & n any sup]natural revelation4 ,sid5ote3 ,god sometimes also spake by lots4 ,god spake also _m times by ! ev5t ( lots2 :i* 7 ord]$ by su* z he _h put 9 au?ority ov] 8 p4 ,s we read t ,god manife/$ by ! lots :i* ,saul caus$ to be drawn 7#a ,sam4 xiv4 #dc7 ! fault t ,jona?an _h committ$1 9 eat+ a honey-comb1 contr>y to ! oa? tak5 by ! p4 ,& 7,jo%4 xviii4 #aj7 ,god divid$ ! l& ( ,canaan among/ ! ,israelites1 by ! lots t ,jo%ua did ca/ be=e ! ,"l 9 ,%iloh4 ,9 ! same mann] x seeme? to be1 t ,god discov]$ 7,jo%ua vii4 #af1 c47 ! crime ( ,a*an4 ,& ^! are ! ways :]eby ,god decl>$ 8 w 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,all :i* ways he us$ also 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,to ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 by a vision ( an angel3 to ,joseph 9 a dream3 aga91 to ,paul1 9 ! way to ,damascus1 9 a vision ( our ,savi\r3 & to ,pet] 9 ! vision ( a %eet let d[n f heav51 ) div]s sorts ( fle%2 ( clean1 & unclean bea/s2 & 9 prison1 by vision ( an angel3 & to all ! apo/les1 & writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 by ! graces ( 8 _s2 & to ! apo/les aga91 at ! *oos+ ( ,mat?ias 9 ! place ( ,judas ,isc>iot1 by lot4 ,sid5ote3 ,e man ought to exam9e ! probability ( a pret5d$ prophet's call+4 ,see+ !n1 all prophecy suppose? vision1 or dream1 7:i* two1 :5 !y be natural1 are ! same71 or "s especial gift ( ,god s r>ely obs]v$ 9 mank9d z to be admir$ :]e obs]v$2 & see+ z well su* gifts1 z ! mo/ extraord9>y dreams & visions1 may proce$ f ,god1 n only by 8 sup]natural1 & imm$iate1 b also by 8 natural op]ation1 & by m$iation ( second causes2 !re is ne$ ( reason & judgm5t to disc]n betwe5 natural1 & sup]natural gifts1 & betwe5 natural1 & sup]natural visions or dreams4 ,& consequ5tly m5 _h ne$ to be v circumspect & w>y1 9 obey+ ! voice ( man1 t pret5d+ himself to be a prophet1 requires u to obey ,god 9 t way1 :i* he 9 ,god's "n telle? u to be ! way to happ9ess4 ,= he t pret5ds to tea* m5 ! way ( s great felicity1 pret5ds to gov]n !m2 t is to say1 to rule & reign ov] !m2 :i* is a ?+1 t all m5 naturally desire1 & is !re=e wor?y to be suspect$ ( ambition & impo/ure2 & consequ5tly1 ought to be exam9$ & tri$ by e man1 be=e he yield !m ob$i5ce2 unless he h yield$ x !m already1 9 ! in/itution ( a commonweal?2 z :5 ! prophet is ! civil sov]eign1 or by ! civil sov]eign au?oriz$4 ,& if ?is exam9ation ( prophets & spirits1 7 n all[$ to e "o ( ! p1 x _h be5 to no purpose to set out ! m>ks1 by :i* e man might be able to di/+ui% betwe5 ^?1 :om !y ought1 & ^? :om !y ought n to foll[4 ,see+ !re=e su* m>ks are set out 7,deut4 xiii4 #a1 c47 to "k a prophet by2 & 7#a ,john iv4 #a1 c47 to "k a _s by3 & see+ !re is s mu* prophecy+ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & s mu* prea*+ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 aga9/ prophets2 & s mu* great] a numb] ord9>ily ( false prophets1 ?an ( true2 e "o is to bew>e ( obey+ _! directions1 at _! own p]il4 ,& fir/1 t !re 7 _m m false ?an true prophets1 appe>s by ?is1 t :5 ,ahab 7#a ,k+s xxii47 consult$ f\r hundr$ prophets1 !y 7 all false impo/ors1 b only "o ,micaiah4 ,& a little be=e ! "t ( ! captivity1 ! prophets 7 g5]ally li>s4 ,! prophets1 7sai? ! ,"l1 by ,j]emiah1 *apt] xiv4 #ad7 prophecy lies 9 my "n4 ,i s5t !m n1 nei!r h ,i comm&$ !m1 nor spake unto !m2 !y prophecy to y a false vision1 a ?+ ( n\ght1 & ! deceit ( _! he>t4 ,insomu* z ,god comm&$ ! p by ! m\? ( ! prophet ,j]emiah 7*apt] xxiii4 #af7 n to obey !m3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s1 he>k5 n unto ! words ( ! prophets1 t prophecy to y4 ,!y make y va91 !y speak a vision ( _! own he>t1 & n out ( ! m\? ( ! ,"l4 ,sid5ote3 ,all prophecy b ( ! sov]eign prophet1 is to be exam9$ by e subject4 ,see+ !n !re 0 9 ! "t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 su* qu>rels among/ ! vision>y prophets1 "o conte/+ ) ano!r1 & ask+1 :5 dep>t$ ! ,_s f me1 to g to !e8 z betwe5 ,micaiah & ! re/ ( ! f\r hundr$2 & su* giv+ ( ! lie to "o ano!r1 7z 9 ,j]em4 xiv4 #ad7 & su* controv]sies 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t at ?is day1 among/ ! spiritual prophets2 e man !n 01 & n[ is b\nd to make use ( 8 natural reason1 to apply to all prophecy ^? rules :i* ,god ha? giv5 u1 to disc]n ! true f false4 ,( :i* rules1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 "o 01 con=mable doctr9e to t :i* ,moses ! sov]eign prophet _h taught !m2 & ! o!r1 ! miracul\s p[] ( =etell+ :at ,god w\ld br+ to pass1 z ,i h already %[$ out ( ,deut4 xiii4 #a1 c4 ,& 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t !re 0 b "o only m>k2 & t 0 ! prea*+ ( ?is doctr9e1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 t is1 k+ ( ! ,jews1 promis$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,:osoev] d5i$ t article1 he 0 a false prophet1 :atsoev] miracles he might seem to "w2 & he t taught x 0 a true prophet4 ,= ,/4 ,john 7#a ,epi/4 iv4 #b1 c47 speak+ expressly ( ! means to exam9e spirits1 :e!r !y be ( ,god1 or n2 aft] he _h told !m t !re w\ld arise false prophets1 sai? ?us1 ,h]eby "k ye ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,e _s t confesse? t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle%1 is ( ,god2 t is1 is approv$ & all[$ z a prophet ( ,god3 n t he is a godly man1 or "o ( ! elect1 = ?is1 t he confesse?1 pr(esse?1 or prea*e? ,jesus to be ! ,*ri/2 b = t he is a prophet av[$4 ,= ,god sometimes speake? by prophets1 ^: p]sons he ha? n accept$2 z he did by ,balaam2 & z he =etold ,saul ( 8 dea?1 by ! ,wit* ( ,endor4 ,aga9 9 ! next v]se1 ,e _s t confesse? n t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle%1 is n ( ,*ri/2 & ?is is ! _s ( ,anti-,*ri/4 ,s t ! rule is p]fect on bo? sides2 t he is a true prophet1 :i* prea*e? ! ,messiah already come1 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus2 & he a false "o t d5ie? him come1 & looke? = him 9 "s future impo/or1 t %all take ^u him t hon\r falsely1 :om ! apo/le !re prop]ly calle? ,anti-,*ri/4 ,e man !re=e ought to consid] :o is ! sov]eign prophet2 t is to say1 :o x is1 t is ,god's viceg]5t on e>?2 & ha? next "u ,god1 ! au?ority ( gov]n+ ,*ri/ian m52 & to obs]ve = a rule1 t doctr9e1 :i* 9 ! "n ( ,god1 he ha? comm&$ to be taught2 & !reby to exam9e & try out ! tru? ( ^? doctr9es1 :i* pret5d$ prophets ) miracle1 or )\t1 %all at any "t advance3 & if !y f9d x contr>y to t rule1 to d z !y did1 t came to ,moses1 & compla9$ t !re 7 "s t propheci$ 9 ! camp1 ^: au?ority s to d !y d\bt$ (2 & leave to ! sov]eign1 z !y did to ,moses1 to uphold1 or to =bid !m1 z he %\ld see cause2 & if he disav[ !m1 !n no m to obey _! voice2 or if he approve !m1 !n to obey !m1 z m5 to :om ,god ha? giv5 a "p ( ! _s ( _! sov]eign4 ,= :5 ,*ri/ian m51 take n _! ,*ri/ian sov]eign1 = ,god's prophet2 !y mu/ ei!r take _! own dreams1 = ! prophecy !y mean to be gov]n$ by1 & ! tumor ( _! own he>ts = ! ,_s ( ,god2 or !y mu/ suff] !mselves to be l$ by "s /range pr9ce2 or by "s ( _! fell[-subjects1 t c bewit* !m1 by sl&] ( ! gov]nm5t1 into rebellion1 )\t o!r miracle to confirm _! call+1 ?an sometimes an extraord9>y success & impunity2 & by ?is means de/roy+ all laws1 bo? div9e & human1 r$uce all ord]1 gov]nm5t1 & society1 to ! fir/ *aos ( viol5ce & civil w>4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,,( ,,miracles1 ,,& ,,_! ,,use4 ,sid5ote3 ,a miracle is a "w t cause? admiration4 ,by miracles are signifi$ ! admirable works ( ,god3 & !re=e !y are also call$ wond]s4 ,& because !y are = ! mo/ "p1 done1 = a signification ( 8 comm&m5t1 9 su* occasions1 z )\t !m1 m5 are apt to d\bt1 7foll[+ _! private natural reason+17 :at he ha? comm&$1 & :at n1 !y are commonly1 9 holy ,scripture1 call$ signs1 9 ! same s5se1 z !y are call$ by ! ,lat9s1 o/5ta1 & port5ta1 f %[+ & =e-signify+ t1 :i* ! ,almighty is ab\t to br+ to pass4 ,sid5ote3 ,& mu/ !re=e be r>e1 & :]e( !re is no natural cause kn[n4 ,to und]/& !re=e :at is a miracle1 we mu/ fir/ und]/& :at works !y are1 :i* m5 wond] at1 & call admirable4 ,& !re be b two ?+s :i* make m5 wond] at any ev5t3 ! "o is1 if x be /range1 t is to say1 su* z ! l ( x ha? nev]1 or v r>ely be5 produc$3 ! o!r is1 if :5 x is produc$1 we _c imag9e x to h be5 done by natural means1 b only by ! imm$iate h& ( ,god4 ,b :5 we see "s possible1 natural cause ( x1 h[ r>ely soev] ! l has be5 done1 or if ! l h be5 (t5 done1 h[ impossible soev] x be to imag9e a natural means !re(1 we no m wond]1 nor e/eem x = a miracle4 ,!re=e1 if a horse or c[ %\ld speak1 x 7 a miracle2 because bo? ! ?+ is /range1 & ! natural cause difficult to imag9e4 ,s also 7 x to see a /range deviation ( nature1 9 ! production ( "s new %ape ( a liv+ creature4 ,b :5 a man1 or o!r animal1 eng5d]s 8 l1 ?\gh we "k no m h[ ?is is done1 ?an ! o!r2 yet because x is usual1 x is no miracle4 ,9 l mann]1 if a man be metamorphos$ into a /one1 or into a pill>1 x is a miracle2 because /range3 b if a piece ( wood be s *ang$2 because we see x (t51 x is no miracle3 & yet we "k no m by :at op]ation ( ,god1 ! "o is br\ght to pass1 ?an ! o!r4 ,! fir/ ra9b[ t 0 se5 9 ! _w1 0 a miracle1 because ! fir/2 & consequ5tly /range2 & s]v$ = a sign f ,god1 plac$ 9 heav51 to assure 8 p1 !re %\ld be no m any univ]sal de/ruction ( ! _w by wat]4 ,b at ?is day1 because !y are frequ5t1 !y are n miracles1 nei!r to !m t "k _! natural causes1 nor to !m :o "k !m n4 ,aga91 !re be _m r>e works produc$ by ! art ( man3 yet :5 we "k !y are done2 because !reby we "k also ! means h[ !y are done1 we c\nt !m n = miracles1 because n wr\ght by ! imm$iate h& ( ,god1 b ( human indu/ry4 ,sid5ote3 ,t :i* seeme? a miracle to "o man1 may seem o!rwise to ano!r4 ,fur!rmore1 see+ admiration & wond] are consequ5t to ! k & exp]i5ce1 :]e) m5 are endu$1 "s m1 "s less2 x foll[e?1 t ! same ?+ may be a miracle to "o1 & n to ano!r4 ,& !nce x is1 t ignorant & sup]/iti\s m5 make great wond]s ( ^? works1 :i* o!r m51 kn[+ to proce$ f nature1 7:i* is n ! imm$iate1 b ! ord9>y "w ( ,god71 admire n at all3 z :5 eclipses ( ! sun & moon h be5 tak5 = sup]natural works1 by ! common p2 :5 nev]!less1 !re 7 o!rs1 :o c\ld f _! natural causes h =etold ! v h\r !y %\ld arrive3 or1 z :5 a man1 by conf$]acy & secret intellig5ce1 gett+ k ( ! private actions ( an ignorant1 unw>y man1 !reby tells him :at he has done 9 =m] "t2 x seems to him a miracul\s ?+2 b among/ wise1 & cautel\s m51 su* miracles z ^?1 _c easily be done4 ,sid5ote3 ,! end ( miracles4 ,aga91 x belonge? to ! nature ( a miracle1 t x be wr\ght = ! procur+ ( cr$it to ,god's mess5g]s1 m9i/]s1 & prophets1 t !reby m5 may "k1 !y are call$1 s5t1 & employ$ by ,god1 & !reby be ! bett] incl9$ to obey !m4 ,& !re=e1 ?\gh ! creation ( ! _w1 & aft] t ! de/ruction ( all liv+ creatures 9 ! univ]sal deluge1 7 admirable works2 yet because !y 7 n done to procure cr$it to any prophet1 or o!r m9i/] ( ,god1 !y use n to be call$ miracles4 ,= h[ admirable soev] any "w be1 ! admiration consi/e? n 9 t x c\ld be done2 because m5 naturally believe ! ,almighty c d all ?+s2 b because he does x at ! pray] or ^w ( a man4 ,b ! works ( ,god 9 ,egypt1 by ! h& ( ,moses1 7 prop]ly miracles2 because !y 7 done ) int5tion to make ! p ( ,israel believe1 t ,moses came unto !m1 n out ( any design ( 8 own int]e/1 b z s5t f ,god4 ,!re=e1 aft] ,god _h comm&$ him to deliv] ! ,israelites f ! ,egyptian bondage1 :5 he said 7,exod4 iv4 #a7 ,!y w n believe me1 b w say1 ! ,"l ha? n appe>$ unto me1 ,god gave him p[]1 to turn ! rod he _h 9 8 h& into a s]p5t1 & aga9 to return x into a rod2 & by putt+ 8 h& into 8 bosom1 to make x lepr\s2 & aga9 by putt+ x out1 to make x :ole2 to make ! *ildr5 ( ,israel believe 7z x is 9 v]se #e7 t ! ,god ( _! fa!rs _h appe>$ unto him3 & if t 7 n en\gh1 he gave him p[] to turn _! wat]s into blood4 ,& :5 he _h done ^! miracles be=e ! p1 x is said 7v]se #ca7 t !y believ$ him4 ,nev]!less1 = fe> ( ,ph>aoh1 !y dur/ n yet obey him4 ,!re=e ! o!r works :i* 7 done to plague ,ph>aoh & ! ,egyptians1 t5d$ all to make ! ,israelites believe 9 ,moses1 & 7 prop]ly miracles4 ,9 l mann] if we consid] all ! miracles done by ! h& ( ,moses1 & all ! re/ ( ! prophets1 till ! captivity2 & ^? ( our ,savi\r1 & 8 apo/les aft]w>ds2 we %all f9d1 _! end 0 always to beget or confirm belief1 t !y came n ( _! own motion1 b 7 s5t by ,god4 ,we may f>!r obs]ve 9 ,scripture1 t ! end ( miracles1 0 to beget belief1 n univ]sally 9 all m51 elect & reprobate2 b 9 ! elect only2 t is to say1 9 su* z ,god _h det]m9$ %\ld become 8 subjects4 ,= ^? miracul\s plagues ( ,egypt1 _h n = _! end1 ! conv]sion ( ,ph>aoh2 = ,god _h told ,moses be=e1 t he w\ld h>d5 ! he>t ( ,ph>oah1 t he %\ld n let ! p g3 & :5 he let !m g at la/1 n ! miracles p]suad$ him1 b ! plagues =c$ him to x4 ,s also ( our ,savi\r1 x is writt5 7,mat?4 xiii4 #eh71 t he wr\ght n _m miracles 9 8 own c\ntry1 because ( _! unbelief2 & 79 ,m>k vi4 #e7 in/ead (1 ,he wr\ght n _m1 x is1 ,he c\ld "w none4 ,x 0 n because he want$ p[]2 :i* to say1 7 blasphemy aga9/ ,god2 nor t ! end ( miracles 0 n to conv]t incr$ul\s m5 to ,*ri/2 = ! end ( all ! miracles ( ,moses1 ( ! prophets1 ( our ,savi\r1 & ( 8 apo/les 0 to add m5 to ! *ur*3 b x 01 because ! end ( _! miracles1 0 to add to ! *ur*1 n all m51 b su* z %\ld be sav$2 t is to say1 su* z ,god _h elect$4 ,see+ !re=e our ,savi\r 0 s5t f 8 ,fa!r1 he c\ld n use 8 p[] 9 ! conv]sion ( ^?1 :om 8 ,fa!r _h reject$4 ,!y t exp\nd+ ?is place ( ,/4 ,m>k1 say1 t ?is ^w1 ,he c\ld n1 is put =1 ,he w\ld n1 d x )\t example 9 ! ,greek tongue3 :]e w\ld n1 is put sometimes = c\ld n1 9 ?+s inanimate1 t h no w2 b c\ld n1 = w\ld n nev]3 & !reby lay a /umbl+ block be=e weak ,*ri/ians2 z if ,*ri/ c\ld d no miracles1 b among/ ! cr$ul\s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! def9ition ( a miracle4 ,f t :i* ,i h "h set d[n1 ( ! nature & use ( a miracle1 we may def9e x ?us3 ,a ,,miracle is a "w ( ,god1 7besides 8 op]ation by ! way ( nature1 orda9$ 9 ! creation7 done1 = ! mak+ manife/ to 8 elect1 ! mission ( an extraord9>y m9i/] = _! salvation4 ,& f ?is def9ition1 we may inf]2 fir/1 t 9 all miracles1 ! "w done1 is n ! effect ( any virtue 9 ! prophet2 because x is ! effect ( ! imm$iate h& ( ,god2 t is to say ,god ha? done x1 )\t us+ ! prophet !re91 z a subord9ate cause4 ,secondly1 t no devil1 angel1 or o!r creat$ _s1 c d a miracle4 ,= x mu/ ei!r be by virtue ( "s natural sci5ce1 or by incantation1 t is1 by virtue ( words4 ,= if ! en*ant]s d x by _! own p[] indep5d5t1 !re is "s p[] t proce$e? n f ,god2 :i* all m5 d5y3 & if !y d x by p[] giv5 !m1 !n is ! "w n f ! imm$iate h& ( ,god1 b natural1 & consequ5tly no miracle4 ,!re be "s texts ( ,scripture1 t seem to attribute ! p[] ( work+ wond]s1 equal to "s ( ^? imm$iate miracles wr\ght by ,god himself1 to c]ta9 arts ( magic & incantation4 ,z = example1 :5 we read t aft] ! rod ( ,moses be+ ca/ on ! gr\nd became a s]p5t1 7,exod4 vii4 #aa7 ! magicians ( ,egypt did ! l by _! en*antm5ts2 & t aft] ,moses _h turn$ ! wat]s ( ! ,egyptian /reams1 riv]s1 ponds1 & pools ( wat] into blood1 7,exod4 vii4 #bb7 ! magicians did s likewise ) _! en*antm5ts2 & t aft] ,moses _h by ! p[] ( ,god br\ght frogs ^u ! l&1 7,exod4 viii4 #g7 ! magicians also did s ) _! en*antm5ts1 & br\ght up frogs ^u ! l& ( ,egypt2 w n a man be apt to attribute miracles to en*antm5ts2 t is to say1 to ! efficacy ( ! s\nd ( words2 & ?9k ! same v well prov$ out ( ?is1 & o!r su* places8 ,& yet !re is no place ( ,scripture1 t telle? u :at an en*antm5t is4 ,if !re=e en*antm5t be n1 z _m ?9k x1 a work+ ( /range effects by spells & words2 b impo/ure & delusion1 wr\ght by ord9>y means2 & s f> f sup]natural1 z ! impo/ors ne$ n ! /udy s mu* z ( natural causes1 b ! ord9>y ignorance1 /upidity1 & sup]/ition ( mank9d1 to d !m2 ^? texts t seem to c\nt5ance ! p[] ( magic1 wit*craft1 & en*antm5t1 mu/ ne$s h ano!r s5se1 ?an at fir/ sight !y seem to be>4 ,= x is evid5t en\gh1 t words h no effect1 b on ^? t und]/& !m2 & !n !y h no o!r1 b to signify ! int5tions or passions ( !m t speak2 & !reby produce hope1 fe>1 or o!r passions or conceptions 9 ! he>]4 ,!re=e :5 a rod seeme? a s]p5t1 or ! wat]s blood1 or any o!r miracle seeme? done by en*antm5t2 if x be n to ! edification ( ,god's p1 n ! rod1 nor ! wat]1 nor any o!r ?+ is en*ant$2 t is to say1 wr\ght ^u by ! words1 b ! spectator4 ,s t all ! miracle consi/e? 9 ?is1 t ! en*ant] has deceiv$ a man2 :i* is no miracle1 b a v easy matt] to d4 ,sid5ote3 ,t m5 are apt to be deceiv$ by false miracles4 ,= su* is ! ignorance & aptitude to error g5]ally ( all m51 b especially ( !m t h n mu* k ( natural causes1 & ( ! nature & int]e/s ( m52 z by innum]able & easy tricks to be abus$4 ,:at op9ion ( miracul\s p[]1 be=e x 0 kn[n !re 0 a sci5ce ( ! c\rse ( ! />s1 might a man h ga9$1 t %\ld h told ! p1 ?is h\r or day ! sun %\ld be d>k5$8 ,a juggl] by ! h&l+ ( 8 goblets & o!r tr9kets1 if x 7 n n[ ord9>ily practis$1 w\ld be ?\ght to d 8 wond]s by ! p[] at lea/ ( ! devil4 ,a man t ha? practis$ to speak by draw+ 9 ( 8 brea?1 7:i* k9d ( m5 9 anci5t "t 7 call$ v5triloqui71 & s make ! weakness ( 8 voice seem to proce$1 n f ! weak impulsion ( ! organs ( spee*1 b f di/ance ( place1 is able to make v _m m5 believe x is a voice f ,heav51 :atsoev] he please to tell !m4 ,& = a crafty man1 t ha? enquir$ into ! secrets1 & famili> confessions t "o man ord9>ily make? to ano!r ( 8 actions & adv5tures pa/1 to tell !m him aga9 is no h>d matt]2 & yet !re be _m1 t by su* means z t obta9 ! reputation ( be+ conjur]s4 ,b x is too long a bus9ess1 to reckon up ! sev]al sorts ( ^? m51 :i* ! ,greeks call$ 1 t is to say1 work]s ( ?+s wond]ful3 & yet ^! d all !y d1 by _! own s+le dext]ity4 ,b if we look ^u ! impo/ures wr\ght by conf$]acy1 !re is no?+ h[ impossible soev] to be done1 t is impossible to be believ$4 ,= two m5 conspir+1 "o to seem lame1 ! o!r to cure him ) a *>m1 w deceive _m3 b _m conspir+1 "o to seem lame1 ano!r s to cure him1 & all ! re/ to be> witness1 w deceive _m m4 ,sid5ote3 ,cautions aga9/ ! impo/ure ( miracles4 ,9 ?is aptitude ( mank9d1 to give too ha/y belief to pret5d$ miracles1 !re c be no bett]1 nor ,i ?9k any o!r caution1 ?an t :i* ,god ha? prescrib$1 fir/ by ,moses1 z ,i h said be=e 9 ! prec$5t *apt]1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! xiii? & end ( ! xviii? ( ,deut]onomy2 t we take n any = prophets1 t tea* any o!r religion1 ?an t :i* ,god's lieut5ant1 :i* at t "t 0 ,moses1 ha? e/abli%$2 nor any1 ?\gh he tea* ! same religion1 ^: pr$iction we d n see come to pass4 ,moses !re=e 9 8 "t1 & ,a>on & 8 successors 9 _! times1 & ! sov]eign gov]nor ( ,god's p1 next "u ,god himself1 t is to say1 ! head ( ! ,*ur*1 9 all times1 are to be consult$1 :at doctr9e he ha? e/abli%$1 be=e we give cr$it to a pret5d$ miracle or prophet4 ,& :5 t is done1 ! ?+ !y pret5d to be a miracle1 we mu/ bo? see x done1 & use all means possible to consid]1 :e!r x be really done2 & n only s1 b :e!r x be su*1 z no man c d ! l by 8 natural p[]1 b t x requires ! imm$iate h& ( ,god4 ,& 9 ?is also we mu/ h rec\rse to ,god's lieut5ant1 to :om 9 all d\btful cases1 we h submitt$ our private judgm5ts4 ,= example2 if a man pret5d1 aft] c]ta9 words spok5 ov] a piece ( bread1 t pres5tly ,god ha? made x n bread1 b a god1 or a man1 or bo?1 & nev]!less x looke? /ill z l bread z ev] x did2 !re is no reason = any man to ?9k x really done1 nor consequ5tly to fe> him1 till he enquire ( ,god1 by 8 vic> or lieut5ant1 :e!r x be done1 or n4 ,if he say1 n1 !n foll[e? t :i* ,moses sai? 7,deut4 xviii4 #bb7 he ha? spok5 x presumptu\sly1 ?\ %alt n fe> him4 ,if he say1 x is done1 !n he is n to contradict x4 ,s also if we see n1 b only he> tell ( a miracle1 we are to consult ! lawful ,*ur*2 t is to say1 ! lawful head !re(1 h[ f> we are to give cr$it to ! relators ( x4 ,& ?is is *iefly ! case ( m51 t 9 ^! days live "u ,*ri/ian sov]eigns4 ,= 9 ^! times1 ,i d n "k "o man1 t ev] saw any su* wond]\s "w1 done by ! *>m1 or at ! ^w1 or pray] ( a man1 t a man endu$ b ) a m$iocrity ( reason w\ld ?9k sup]natural3 & ! "q is no m1 :e!r :at we see done1 be a miracle2 :e!r ! miracle we he>1 or read (1 7 a real "w1 & n ! act ( a tongue1 or p52 b 9 pla9 t]ms1 :e!r ! report be true1 or a lie4 ,9 :i* "q we are n e "o1 to make our own private reason1 or consci5ce1 b ! public reason1 t is1 ! reason ( ,god's supreme lieut5ant1 judge2 & inde$ we h made him judge already1 if we h giv5 him a sov]eign p[]1 to d all t is necess>y = our peace & def5ce4 ,a private man has always ! lib]ty1 because ?\ght is free1 to believe or n believe 9 8 he>t ^? acts t h be5 giv5 out = miracles1 accord+ z he %all see :at b5efit c accrue by m5's belief1 to ^? t pret5d or c\nt5ance !m1 & !reby conjecture :e!r !y be miracles or lies4 ,b :5 x comes to confession ( t fai?1 ! private reason mu/ submit to ! public2 t is to say1 to ,god's lieut5ant4 ,b :o is ?is lieut5ant ( ,god1 & head ( ! ,*ur*1 %all be consid]$ 9 its prop] place h]eaft]4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,,( ,,! ,,signification ,,9 ,,scripture ,,( ,,et]nal ,,life1 ,,hell1 ,,salvation1 ,,! ,,_w ,,to ,,come1 ,,& ,,r$emption4 ,! ma9t5ance ( civil society dep5d+ on ju/ice1 & ju/ice on ! p[] ( life & dea?1 & o!r less rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 resid+ 9 !m t h ! sov]eignty ( ! commonweal?2 x is impossible a commonweal? %\ld /&1 :]e any o!r ?an ! sov]eign ha? a p[] ( giv+ great] rew>ds ?an life1 & ( inflict+ great] puni%m5ts ?an dea?4 ,n[ see+ et]nal life is a great] rew>d ?an ! life pres5t2 & et]nal torm5t a great] puni%m5t ?an ! dea? ( nature2 x is a ?+ wor?y to be well consid]$ ( all m5 t desire1 by obey+ au?ority1 to avoid ! calamities ( confusion & civil w>1 :at is meant 9 ,holy ,scripture1 by life et]nal1 & torm5t et]nal2 & = :at (f5ces1 & aga9/ :om committ$1 m5 are to be et]nally torm5t$2 & = :at actions !y are to obta9 et]nal life4 ,sid5ote3 ,! place ( ,adam's et]nity1 if he _h n s9n$1 _h be5 ! t]re/rial ,p>adise4 ,& fir/ we f9d t ,adam 0 creat$ 9 su* a condition ( life1 z _h he n brok5 ! comm&m5t ( ,god1 he _h enjoy$ x 9 ! p>adise ( ,ed5 ev]la/+ly4 ,= !re 0 ! tree ( life1 :]e( he 0 s long all[$ to eat1 z he %\ld =be> to eat ( ! tree ( k ( good & evil2 :i* 0 n all[$ him4 ,& !re=e z soon z he _h eat5 ( x1 ,god ?ru/ him out ( ,p>adise1 7,g54 iii4 #bb7 le/ he %\ld put =? 8 h&1 & take also ( ! tree ( life & live = ev]4 ,by :i* x seeme? to me1 7) submission nev]!less bo? 9 ?is1 & 9 all que/ions :]e( ! det]m9ation dep5de? on ! ,scriptures1 to ! int]pretation ( ! ,bible au?oriz$ by ! commonweal?1 ^: subject ,i am71 t ,adam1 if he _h n s9n$1 _h _h an et]nal life on e>?1 & t mortality ent]$ ^u himself & 8 po/]ity by 8 fir/ s94 ,n t actual dea? !n ent]$2 = ,adam !n c\ld nev] h _h *ildr52 :]eas he liv$ long aft]1 & saw a num]\s po/]ity ere he di$4 ,b :]e x is said1 7,g54 ii4 #ag7 ,9 ! day t ?\ eate/ !re(1 ?\ %alt surely die1 x mu/ ne$s be meant ( 8 mortality1 & c]titude ( dea?4 ,see+ !n et]nal life 0 lo/ by ,adam's =feiture 9 committ+ s91 he t %\ld cancel t =feiture1 0 to recov] !reby t life aga94 ,n[ ,jesus ,*ri/ ha? satisfi$ = ! s9s ( all t believe 9 him2 & !re=e recov]$ to all believ]s1 t et]nal life :i* 0 lo/ by ! s9 ( ,adam4 ,& 9 ?is s5se x is t ! comp>ison ( ,/4 ,paul holde?1 7,rom4 v4 #ah1 #ai7 ,z by ! (f5ce ( "o1 judgm5t came ^u all m5 to condemnation1 ev5 s by ! righte\sness ( "o1 ! free gift came ^u all m5 to ju/ification ( life2 :i* is aga9 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #ba1 #bb7 m p]spicu\sly deliv]$ 9 ^! words1 ,= s9ce by man came dea?1 by man came also ! resurrection ( ! dead4 ,= z 9 ,adam all die1 ev5 s 9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive4 ,sid5ote3 ,texts conc]n+ ! place ( life et]nal1 = believ]s4 ,conc]n+ ! place :]e9 m5 %all enjoy t et]nal life :i* ,*ri/ ha? obta9$ = !m1 ! texts next be=e alleg$ seem to make x on e>?4 ,= if z 9 ,adam all die1 t is1 h =feit$ p>adise & et]nal life on e>?1 ev5 s 9 ,*ri/ all %all be made alive2 !n all m5 %all be made to live on e>?2 = else ! comp>ison 7 n prop]4 ,h]eunto seeme? to agree t ( ! psalmi/ 7,psalm4 cxxxiii4 #c7 ^u ,zion ,god comm&$ ! bless+1 ev5 life = ev]more3 = ,zion is 9 ,j]usalem ^u e>?3 z also t ( ,/4 ,john 7,rev4 ii4 #g7 ,to him t ov]come? ,i w give to eat ( ! tree ( life1 :i* is 9 ! mid/ ( ! p>adise ( ,god4 ,?is 0 ! tree ( ,adam's et]nal life2 b 8 life 0 to h be5 on e>?4 ,! same seeme? to be confirm$ aga9 by ,/4 ,john 7,rev4 xxi4 #b71 :]e he sai?1 ,i ,john saw ! holy city1 new ,j]usalem1 com+ d[n f ,god out ( heav51 prep>$ z a bride adorn$ = h] husb&3 & aga9 7v]se #aj7 to ! same effect3 z if he %\ld say1 ! new ,j]usalem1 ! p>adise ( ,god1 at ! com+ aga9 ( ,*ri/1 %\ld come d[n to ,god's p f heav51 & n !y g up to x f e>?4 ,& ?is diff]s no?+ f t1 :i* ! two m5 9 :ite clo?+1 t is ! two angels1 said to ! apo/les t 7 look+ ^u ,*ri/ asc5d+ 7,acts i4 #aa7 ,?is same ,jesus1 :o is tak5 up f y into heav51 %all s come1 z y h se5 him g up into heav54 ,:i* s\nde? z if !y _h said he %\ld come d[n to gov]n !m "u 8 ,fa!r et]nally "h1 & n take !m up to gov]n !m 9 heav52 & is con=mable to ! re/oration ( ! k+dom ( ,god in/itut$ "u ,moses1 :i* 0 a political gov]nm5t ( ! ,jews on e>?4 ,aga91 t say+ ( our ,savi\r 7,mat?4 xxii4 #cj71 t 9 ! resurrection !y nei!r m>ry1 nor are giv5 9 m>riage1 b are z ! angels ( ,god 9 heav51 is a description ( an et]nal life1 resembl+ t :i* we lo/ 9 ,adam 9 ! po9t ( m>riage4 ,= see+ ,adam & ,eve1 if !y _h n s9n$1 _h liv$ on e>? et]nally 9 _! individual p]sons2 x is manife/1 !y %\ld n cont9ually h procreat$ _! k9d2 = if immortals %\ld h g5]at$ z mank9d do? n[1 ! e>? 9 a small "t w\ld n h be5 able to af=d !m place to /& on4 ,! ,jews t ask$ our ,savi\r ! "q1 ^: wife ! woman t _h m>ri$ _m bro!rs %\ld be 9 ! resurrection1 knew n :at 7 ! consequ5ces ( life et]nal3 & !re=e our ,savi\r puts !m 9 m9d ( ?is consequ5ce ( immortality2 t !re %all be no g5]ation1 & consequ5tly no m>riage1 no m ?an !re is m>riage or g5]ation among ! angels4 ,! comp>ison betwe5 t et]nal life :i* ,adam lo/1 & our ,savi\r by 8 victory ov] dea? ha? recov]$1 holde? also 9 ?is2 t z ,adam lo/ et]nal life by 8 s91 & yet liv$ aft] x = a "t1 s ! fai?ful ,*ri/ian ha? recov]$ et]nal life by ,*ri/'s passion1 ?\gh he die a natural dea?1 & rema9 dead = a "t1 namely1 till ! resurrection4 ,= z dea? is reckon$ f ! condemnation ( ,adam1 n f ! execution2 s life is reckon$ f ! absolution1 n f ! resurrection ( !m t are elect$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,sid5ote3 ,asc5sion into heav54 ,t ! place :]e9 m5 are to live et]nally1 aft] ! resurrection1 is ! heav5s1 7mean+ by heav51 ^? p>ts ( ! _w1 :i* are ! mo/ remote f e>?1 z :]e ! />s are1 or above ! />s1 9 ano!r high] heav51 call$ clum empyreum1 :]e( !re is no m5tion 9 ,scripture1 nor gr\nd 9 reason71 is n easily to be drawn f any text t ,i c f9d4 ,by ! ,k+dom ( ,heav51 is meant ! k+dom ( ! ,k+ t dwelle? 9 heav52 & 8 k+dom 0 ! p ( ,israel1 :om he rul$ by ! prophets1 8 lieut5ants2 fir/ ,moses1 & aft] him ,eleaz>1 & ! sov]eign prie/s1 till 9 ! days ( ,samuel !y rebell$1 & w\ld h a mortal man = _! k+1 aft] ! mann] ( o!r nations4 ,& :5 our ,savi\r ,*ri/1 by ! prea*+ ( 8 m9i/]s1 %all h p]suad$ ! ,jews to return1 & call$ ! ,g5tiles to 8 ob$i5ce1 !n %all !re be a new k+dom ( heav52 because our k+ %all !n be ,god1 ^: ?rone is heav53 )\t any necessity evid5t 9 ! ,scripture1 t man %all asc5d to 8 happ9ess any high] ?an ,god's foot/ool ! e>?4 ,on ! contr>y1 we f9d writt5 7,john iii4 #ac7 t no man ha? asc5d$ into heav51 b he t came d[n f heav51 ev5 ! son ( man1 t is 9 heav54 ,:]e ,i obs]ve by ! way1 t ^! words are n1 z ^? :i* g imm$iately be=e1 ! words ( our ,savi\r1 b ( ,/4 ,john himself2 = ,*ri/ 0 !n n 9 heav51 b ^u ! e>?4 ,! l is said ( ,david 7,acts ii4 #cd7 :]e ,/4 ,pet]1 to prove ! asc5sion ( ,*ri/1 us+ ! words ( ! ,psalmi/ 7,psalm xvi4 #aj71 ,?\ wilt n leave my s\l 9 hell1 nor suff] ?9e holy "o to see corruption1 sai?1 !y 7 spok51 n ( ,david1 b ( ,*ri/2 & to prove x1 adde? ?is reason1 ,= ,david is n asc5d$ into heav54 ,b to ?is a man may easily answ]1 & say1 t ?\gh _! bodies 7 n to asc5d till ! g5]al day ( judgm5t1 yet _! s\ls 7 9 heav5 z soon z !y 7 dep>t$ f _! bodies2 :i* also seeme? to be confirm$ by ! words ( our ,savi\r 7,luke xx4 #cg1 #ch71 :o prov+ ! resurrection out ( ! words ( ,moses1 sai? ?us1 ,t ! dead are rais$1 ev5 ,moses %ew$ at ! bu%1 :5 he calle? ! ,"l1 ! ,god ( ,abraham1 & ! ,god ( ,isaac1 & ! ,god ( ,jacob4 ,= he is n a ,god ( ! dead1 b ( ! liv+2 = !y all live to him4 ,b if ^! words be to be und]/ood only ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 !y prove n at all t :i* our ,savi\r int5d$ to prove1 :i* 0 ! resurrection ( ! body1 t is to say1 ! immortality ( ! man4 ,!re=e our ,savi\r meane?1 t ^? patri>*s 7 immortal2 n by a prop]ty consequ5t to ! ess5ce & nature ( mank9d2 b by ! w ( ,god1 t 0 pleas$ ( 8 m]e grace1 to be/[ et]nal life ^u ! fai?ful4 ,& ?\gh at t "t ! patri>*s & _m o!r fai?ful m5 7 dead1 yet z x is 9 ! text1 !y liv$ to ,god2 t is1 !y 7 writt5 9 ! ,book ( ,life ) !m t 7 absolv$ ( _! s9s1 & orda9$ to life et]nal at ! resurrection4 ,t ! s\l ( man is 9 its own nature et]nal1 & a liv+ creature indep5d5t on ! body1 or t any m]e man is immortal1 o!rwise ?an by ! resurrection 9 ! la/ day1 except ,eno* & ,elias1 is a doctr9e n app>5t 9 ,scripture4 ,! :ole ( ! xiv? *apt] ( ,job1 :i* is ! spee* n ( 8 fri5ds1 b ( himself1 is a compla9t ( ?is mortality ( nature2 & yet no contradiction ( ! immortality at ! resurrection4 ,!re is hope ( a tree1 sai? he1 7v]se #g7 if x be ca/ d[n4 ,?\gh ! root !re( wax old1 & ! /ock !re( die 9 ! gr\nd1 yet :5 x sc5te? ! wat] x w bud1 & br+ =? b\ghs l a plant4 ,b man die? & wa/e? away1 yea1 man give? up ! gho/1 & :]e is he8 ,& 7v]se #ab7 ,man lie? d[n1 & rise? n1 till ! heav5s be no m4 ,b :5 is x1 t ! heav5s %all be no m8 ,/4 ,pet] tells u1 t x is at ! g5]al resurrection4 ,= 9 8 #bnd ,epi/le1 *ap4 iii4 v]se #g1 he sai?1 t ! heav5s & ! e>? t are n[1 are res]v$ unto fire aga9/ ! day ( judgm5t1 & p]dition ( ungodly m51 & 7v4 #ab7 look+ =1 & ha/+ to ! com+ ( ,god1 :]e9 ! heav5s %all be on fire & %all be dissolv$1 & ! elem5ts %all melt ) f]v5t heat4 ,nev]!less1 we accord+ to ! promise look = new heav5s1 & a new e>?1 :]e9 dwelle? righte\sness4 ,!re=e :]e ,job sai?1 man rise? n till ! heav5s be no m2 x is all "o1 z if he _h said1 ! immortal life1 7& s\l & life 9 ! ,scripture d usually signify ! same ?+17 beg9ne? n 9 man1 till ! resurrection & day ( judgm5t2 & ha? = cause1 n 8 specifical nature & g5]ation1 b ! promise4 ,= ,/4 ,pet] says1 n ,we look = new heav5s & a new e>?1 f nature1 b f promise4 ,la/ly1 see+ x ha? be5 already prov$ out ( div]s evid5t places ( ,scripture1 9 *ap4 xxxv4 ( ?is book1 t ! k+dom ( ,god is a civil commonweal?1 :]e ,god himself is sov]eign1 by virtue fir/ ( ! old1 & s9ce ( ! new cov5ant1 :]e9 he reigne? by 8 vic> or lieut5ant2 ! same places d !re=e also prove1 t aft] ! com+ aga9 ( our ,savi\r 9 8 maje/y & glory1 to reign actually & et]nally1 ! k+dom ( ,god is to be on e>?4 ,b because ?is doctr9e1 ?\gh prov$ out ( places ( ,scripture n few nor obscure1 w appe> to mo/ m5 a novelty1 ,i d b prop\nd x2 ma9ta9+ no?+ 9 ?is1 or any o!r p>adox ( religion2 b att5d+ ! end ( t dispute ( ! sword1 conc]n+ ! au?ority1 n yet among/ my c\ntrym5 decid$1 by :i* all sorts ( doctr9e are to be approv$ or reject$2 & ^: comm&s1 bo? 9 spee* & writ+1 :atsoev] be ! op9ions ( private m51 mu/ by all m51 t mean to be protect$ by _! laws1 be obey$4 ,= ! po9ts ( doctr9e conc]n+ ! k+dom ( ,god1 h s great influ5ce on ! k+dom ( man1 z n to be det]m9$1 b by !m1 t "u ,god h ! sov]eign p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! place aft] judgm5t ( ^? :o 7 nev] 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 or hav+ be5 91 are ca/ out4 ,z ! k+dom ( ,god1 & et]nal life1 s also ,god's enemies1 & _! torm5ts aft] judgm5t1 appe> by ! ,scripture to h _! place on e>?4 ,! "n ( ! place1 :]e all m5 rema9 till ! resurrection1 t 7 ei!r buri$1 or swall[$ up ( ! e>?1 is usually call$ 9 ,scripture1 by words t signify "u gr\nd2 :i* ! ,lat9s read g5]ally inf]nus1 & inf]i1 & ! ,greek 1 t is to say1 a place :]e m5 _c see2 & conta9e? z well ! grave1 z any any o!r deep] place4 ,b = ! place ( ! damn$ aft] ! resurrection1 x is n det]m9$1 nei!r 9 ! ,old nor ,new ,te/am5t1 by any note ( situation2 b only by ! company3 z t x %all be1 :]e su* wick$ m5 71 z ,god 9 =m] times1 9 extraord9>y & miracul\s mann]1 _h de/roy$ f (f ! face ( ! e>?3 ,sid5ote3 ,t>t>us4 z = example1 t !y are 9 ,inf]no1 9 ,t>t>us1 or 9 ! bottomless pit2 because ,corah1 ,da?an1 & ,abiron1 7 swall[$ up alive into ! e>?4 ,n t ! writ]s ( ! ,scripture w\ld h u believe1 !re c\ld be 9 ! globe ( ! e>?1 :i* is n only f9ite1 b also1 comp>$ to ! height ( ! />s1 ( no consid]able magnitude1 a pit )\t a bottom1 t is1 a hole ( inf9ite dep?1 su* z ! ,greeks 9 _! demonology1 7t is to say1 9 _! doctr9e conc]n+ demons71 & aft] !m ! ,romans1 call$ ,t>t>us2 ( :i* ,virgil 7n4 vi4 #egh1 #egi7 says1 ,bis patet 9 prceps tantum1 t5ditque sub umbras1 ,quantus ad !rium cli suspectus ,olympum3 = t is a ?+ ! proportion ( e>? to heav5 _c be>3 b t we %\ld believe !m !re1 indef9itely1 :]e ^? m5 are1 on :om ,god inflict$ t exempl>y puni%m5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! congregation ( giants4 ,aga91 because ^? mighty m5 ( ! e>?1 t liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,noah1 be=e ! flood1 7:i* ! ,greeks call h]oes1 & ! ,scripture giants1 & bo? say 7 begott5 by copulation ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god ) ! *ildr5 ( m517 7 = _! wick$ life de/roy$ by ! g5]al deluge2 ! place ( ! damn$1 is !re=e also sometimes m>k$ out1 by ! company ( ^? deceas$ giants2 z ,prov]bs xxi4 #af1 ,! man t w&]e? out ( ! way ( und]/&+1 %all rema9 9 ! congregation ( ! giants2 & ,job xxvi4 #e1 ,behold ! giants groan "u wat]1 & !y t dwell ) !m4 ,"h ! place ( ! damn$ is "u ! wat]4 ,& ,isaiah xiv4 #i1 ,hell is tr\bl$ h[ to meet !e 7t is1 ! ,k+ ( ,babylon7 & w displace ! giants = !e3 & "h aga9 ! place ( ! damn$1 if ! s5se be lit]al1 is to be "u wat]4 ,sid5ote3 ,lake ( fire4 ,?irdly1 because ! cities ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah1 by ! extraord9>y wra? ( ,god1 7 consum$ = _! wick$ness ) fire & brim/one1 & toge!r ) !m ! c\ntry ab\t made a /9k+ bitum9\s lake3 ! place ( ! damn$ is sometimes express$ by fire1 & a fi]y lake1 z 9 ! ,apocalypse1 xxi4 #h1 ,b ! timor\s1 incr$ul\s1 & abom9able1 & murd]]s1 & :oremong]s1 & sorc]]s1 & idolat]s1 & all li>s1 %all h _! "p 9 ! lake t burne? ) fire & brim/one2 :i* is ! second dea?4 ,s t x is manife/1 t hell fire1 :i* is "h express$ by metaphor f ! real fire ( ,sodom1 signifie? n any c]ta9 k9d or place ( torm5t2 b is to be tak5 indef9itely1 = de/ruction1 z x is 9 ,rev4 xx4 #ad1 :]e x is said1 t dea? & hell 7 ca/ into ! lake ( fire2 t is to say1 7 aboli%$ & de/roy$2 z if aft] ! day ( judgm5t1 !re %all be no m dy+1 nor no m go+ into hell2 t is1 no m go+ to ,hades1 7f :i* ^w p]haps our ^w ,hell is d]iv$17 :i* is ! same ) no m dy+4 ,sid5ote3 ,utt] d>kness4 ,f\r?ly1 f ! plague ( d>kness inflict$ on ! ,egyptians1 ( :i* x is writt5 7,exod4 x4 #bc7 ,!y saw n "o ano!r1 nei!r rose any man f 8 place = ?ree days2 b all ! *ildr5 ( ,israel _h light 9 _! dwell+s2 ! place ( ! wick$ aft] judgm5t1 is call$ utt] d>kness1 or1 z x is 9 ! orig9al1 d>kness )\t4 ,& s x is express$ 7,mat?4 xxii4 #ac7 :]e ! k+ comm&$ 8 s]vants1 to b9d h& & foot ! man t _h n on 8 w$d+ g>m5t1 & to ca/ him out1 1 into ext]nal d>kness1 or d>kness )\t3 :i* ?\gh translat$ utt] d>kness1 does n signify h[ great1 b :]e t d>kness is to be2 namely1 )\t ! habitation ( ,god's elect4 ,sid5ote3 ,geh5na1 & ,tophet4 ,la/ly1 :]eas !re 0 a place ne> ,j]usalem1 call$ ! ,valley ( ! ,*ildr5 ( ,h9non2 9 a "p :]e(1 call$ ,tophet1 ! ,jews _h committ$ mo/ griev\s idolatry1 sacrific+ _! *ildr5 to ! idol ,molo*2 & :]e9 also ,god _h afflict$ 8 enemies ) mo/ griev\s puni%m5ts2 & :]e9 ,josiah _h burn$ ! prie/s ( ,molo* ^u _! own alt>s1 z appe>e? at l>ge 9 ! #bnd ( ,k+s1 *ap4 xxiii43 ! place s]v$ aft]w>ds to receive ! fil? & g>bage :i* 0 c>ri$ ?i!r out ( ! city2 & !re us$ to be fires made f "t to "t1 to purify ! air1 & take away ! /5* ( c>rion4 ,f ?is abom9able place1 ! ,jews us$ ev] aft] to call ! place ( ! damn$1 by ! "n ( ,geh5na1 or ,valley ( ,h9non4 ,& ?is ,geh5na1 is t ^w :i* is usually n[ translat$ ,,hell2 & f ! fires f "t to "t !re burn+1 we h ! notion ( ev]la/+ & unqu5*able fire4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! lit]al s5se ( ! ,scripture conc]n+ hell4 ,see+ n[ !re is none1 t s int]prets ! ,scripture1 z t aft] ! day ( judgm5t1 ! wick$ are all et]nally to be puni%$ 9 ! ,valley ( ,h9non2 or t !y %all s rise aga91 z to be ev] aft] "u gr\nd or "u wat]2 or t aft] ! resurrection1 !y %all no m see "o ano!r1 nor /ir f "o place to ano!r3 x foll[e?1 me?9ks1 v necess>ily1 t t :i* is ?us said conc]n+ hell fire1 is spok5 metaphorically2 & t !re=e !re is a prop] s5se to be enquir$ aft]1 7= ( all metaphors !re is "s real gr\nd1 t may be express$ 9 prop] words17 bo? ( ! place ( hell1 & ! nature ( helli% torm5ts1 & torm5t]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,satan1 ,devil1 n prop] names1 b appellatives4 ,& fir/ = ! torm5t]s1 we h _! nature & prop]ties1 exactly & prop]ly deliv]$ by ! names (1 ! ,enemy1 or ,satan2 ! ,accus]1 or ,diabolus2 ! ,de/roy]1 or ,abaddon4 ,:i* significant names1 ,satan1 ,devil1 ,abaddon1 set n =? to u any individual p]son1 z prop] names use to d2 b only an (fice1 or quality2 & are !re=e appellatives2 :i* ought n to h be5 left untranslat$1 z !y are 9 ! ,lat9 & mod]n ,bibles2 because !reby !y seem to be prop] names ( demons2 & m5 are ! m easily s$uc$ to believe ! doctr9e ( devils2 :i* at t "t 0 ! religion ( ! ,g5tiles1 & contr>y to t ( ,moses & ( ,*ri/4 ,& because by ! ,enemy1 ! ,accus]1 & ,de/roy]1 is meant ! enemy ( !m t %all be 9 ! k+dom ( ,god2 !re=e if ! k+dom ( ,god aft] ! resurrection1 be ^u ! e>?1 z 9 ! =m] *apt] ,i h %[n by ,scripture x seems to be1 ! ,enemy & 8 k+dom mu/ be on e>? also4 ,= s also 0 x1 9 ! "t be=e ! ,jews _h depos$ ,god4 ,= ,god's k+dom 0 9 ,pale/9e2 & ! nations r\nd ab\t1 7 ! k+doms ( ! ,enemy2 & consequ5tly by ,satan1 is meant any e>?ly enemy ( ! ,*ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,torm5ts ( hell4 ,! torm5ts ( hell1 are express$ sometimes1 by weep+1 & gna%+ ( tee?1 z ,mat?4 viii4 #ab4 ,sometimes by ! worm ( consci5ce2 z ,isaiah lxvi4 #bd1 & ,m>k ix4 #dd1 #df1 #dh3 sometimes1 by fire1 z 9 ! place n[ quot$1 :]e ! worm die? n1 & ! fire is n qu5*$1 & _m places beside3 sometimes by %ame & contempt1 z ,dan4 xii4 #b1 ,& _m ( !m t sleep 9 ! du/ ( ! e>?1 %all awake2 "s to ev]la/+ life2 & "s to %ame1 & ev]la/+ contempt4 ,all :i* places design metaphorically a grief & discont5t ( m9d1 f ! sight ( t et]nal felicity 9 o!rs1 :i* !y !mselves ?r\gh _! own incr$ulity & disob$i5ce h lo/4 ,& because su* felicity 9 o!rs1 is n s5sible b by comp>ison ) _! own actual mis]ies2 x foll[e? t !y are to suff] su* bodily pa9s1 & calamities1 z are incid5t to ^?1 :o n only live "u evil & cruel gov]nors1 b h also = enemy ! et]nal k+ ( ! sa9ts1 ,god ,almighty4 ,& among/ ^! bodily pa9s1 is to be reckon$ also to e "o ( ! wick$ a second dea?4 ,= ?\gh ! ,scripture be cle> = an univ]sal resurrection2 yet we d n read1 t to any ( ! reprobate is promis$ an et]nal life4 ,= :]eas ,/4 ,paul 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #db1 #dc7 to ! "q conc]n+ :at bodies m5 %all rise ) aga91 sai?1 t ,! body is s[n 9 corruption1 & is rais$ 9 incorruption2 x is s[n 9 di%on\r1 x is rais$ 9 glory2 x is s[n 9 weakness1 x is rais$ 9 p[]4 ,glory & p[] _c be appli$ to ! bodies ( ! wick$3 nor c ! "n ( second dea? be appli$ to ^? t c nev] die b once3 & al?\gh 9 metaphorical spee*1 a calamit\s life ev]la/+1 may be call$ an ev]la/+ dea?1 yet x _c well be und]/ood ( a second dea?4 ,! fire prep>$ = ! wick$1 is an ev]la/+ fire3 t is to say1 ! e/ate :]e9 no man c be )\t torture1 bo? ( body & m9d1 aft] ! resurrection1 %all endure = ev]2 & 9 t s5se ! fire %all be unqu5*able1 & ! torm5ts ev]la/+3 b x _c !nce be inf]r$1 t he :o %all be ca/ into t fire1 or be torm5t$ ) ^? torm5ts1 %all endure & resi/ !m s z to be et]nally burnt1 & tortur$1 & yet nev] be de/roy$1 nor die4 ,& ?\gh !re be _m places t affirm ev]la/+ fire & torm5ts1 into :i* m5 may be ca/ successively "o aft] ano!r z long z ! _w la/s1 yet ,i f9d none t affirm !re %all be an et]nal life !re9 ( any individual p]son2 b to ! contr>y1 an ev]la/+ dea?1 :i* is ! second dea?3 7,rev4 xx4 #ac1 #ad7 ,= aft] dea? & ! grave %all h deliv]$ up ! dead :i* 7 9 !m1 & e man be judg$ accord+ to 8 works2 dea? & ! grave %all also be ca/ into ! lake ( fire4 ,?is is ! second dea?4 ,:]eby x is evid5t t !re is to be a second dea? ( e "o t %all be condemn$ at ! day ( judgm5t1 aft] :i* he %all die no m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! joys ( life et]nal1 & salvation1 ! same ?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,salvation f s91 & f mis]y1 all "o4 ,! joys ( life et]nal1 are 9 ,scripture compreh5d$ all "u ! "n ( ,,salvation1 or be+ sav$4 ,to be sav$1 is to be secur$1 ei!r respectively1 aga9/ special evils1 or absolutely1 aga9/ all evils1 compreh5d+ want1 sickness1 & dea? itself4 ,& because man 0 creat$ 9 a condition immortal1 n subject to corruption1 & consequ5tly to no?+ t t5de? to ! dissolution ( 8 nature2 & fell f t happ9ess by ! s9 ( ,adam2 x foll[e?1 t to be sav$ f s91 is to be sav$ f all ! evil & calamities t s9 ha? br\ght ^u u4 ,& !re=e 9 ! holy ,scripture1 remission ( s91 & salvation f dea? & mis]y1 is ! same ?+1 z x appe>s by ! words ( our ,savi\r1 :o hav+ cur$ a man sick ( ! palsy1 by say+1 7,mat?4 ix4 #b7 ,son be ( good *e]1 ?y s9s be =giv5 !e2 & kn[+ t ! ,scribes took = blasphemy1 t a man %\ld pret5d to =give s9s1 ask$ !m 7v]se #e7 :e!r x 7 easi] to say1 ,?y s9s be =giv5 !e1 or1 ,arise & walk2 signify+ !reby1 t x 0 all "o1 z to ! sav+ ( ! sick1 to say1 ,?y s9s are =giv51 & ,arise & walk2 & t he us$ t =m ( spee*1 only to %ew he _h p[] to =give s9s4 ,& x is besides evid5t 9 reason1 t s9ce dea? & mis]y 7 ! puni%m5ts ( s91 ! dis*>ge ( s9 mu/ also be a dis*>ge ( dea? & mis]y2 t is to say1 salvation absolute1 su* z ! fai?ful are to enjoy aft] ! day ( judgm5t1 by ! p[] & fav\r ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o = t cause is call$ our ,,savi\r4 ,conc]n+ p>ticul> salvations1 su* z are und]/ood1 7#a ,sam4 xiv4 #ci7 z ! ,"l live? t save? ,israel1 t is1 f _! tempor>y enemies1 & 7#b ,sam4 xxii4 #c7 ,?\ art my ,savi\r1 ?\ save/ me f viol5ce2 &1 7#b ,k+s xiii4 #e7 ,god gave ! ,israelites a ,savi\r1 & s !y 7 deliv]$ f ! h& ( ! ,assyrians1 & ! l1 ,i ne$ say no?+2 !re be+ nei!r difficulty1 nor int]e/ to corrupt ! int]pretation ( texts ( t k9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,! place ( et]nal salvation4 ,b conc]n+ ! g5]al salvation1 because x mu/ be 9 ! k+dom ( heav51 !re is great difficulty conc]n+ ! place4 ,on "o side1 by k+dom1 :i* is an e/ate orda9$ by m5 = _! p]petual security aga9/ enemies & want1 x seeme? t ?is salvation %\ld be on e>?4 ,= by salvation is set =? unto u1 a glori\s reign ( our k+1 by conque/2 n a safety by escape3 & !re=e !re :]e we look = salvation1 we mu/ look also = triumph2 & be=e triumph1 = victory2 & be=e victory1 = battle2 :i* _c well be suppos$1 %all be 9 heav54 ,b h[ good soev] ?is reason may be1 ,i w n tru/ to x1 )\t v evid5t places ( ,scripture4 ,! /ate ( salvation is describ$ at l>ge1 ,isaiah xxxiii4 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd3 ,look ^u ,zion1 ! city ( our solemnities2 ?9e eyes %all see ,j]usalem a quiet habitation1 a tab]nacle t %all n be tak5 d[n2 n "o ( ! /akes !re( %all ev] be remov$1 nei!r %all any ( ! cords !re( be brok54 ,b !re ! glori\s ,"l w be unto u a place ( broad riv]s & /reams2 :]e9 %all g no galley ) o>s1 nei!r %all gallant %ip pass !reby4 ,= ! ,"l is our ,judge1 ! ,"l is our law-giv]1 ! ,"l is our k+1 he w save u4 ,?y tackl+s are loos$2 !y c\ld n well /r5g!n _! ma/2 !y c\ld n spread ! sail3 !n is ! prey ( a great spoil divid$2 ! lame take ! prey3 ,& ! inhabitant %all n say1 ,i am sick2 ! p t %all dwell !re9 %all be =giv5 _! iniquity4 ,9 :i* words we h ! place f :5ce salvation is to proce$1 ,j]usalem1 a quiet habitation2 ! et]nity ( x1 a tab]nacle t %all n be tak5 d[n1 c2 ! ,savi\r ( x1 ! ,"l1 _! judge1 _! law-giv]1 _! k+1 he w save u2 ! salvation1 ! ,"l %all be to !m z a broad moat ( swift wat]s1 c2 ! condition ( _! enemies1 _! tackl+s are loose1 _! ma/s weak1 ! lame %all take ! spoil ( !m2 ! condition ( ! sav$1 ! inhabitant %all n say1 ,i am sick3 & la/ly1 all ?is is compreh5d$ 9 =giv5ess ( s91 ! p t dwell !re9 %all be =giv5 _! iniquity4 ,by :i* x is evid5t1 t salvation %all be on e>?1 !n1 :5 ,god %all reign1 at ! com+ aga9 ( ,*ri/1 9 ,j]usalem2 & f ,j]usalem %all proce$ ! salvation ( ! ,g5tiles t %all be receiv$ into ,god's k+dom3 z is also m expressly decl>$ by ! same prophet1 7,isaiah lxvi4 #bj1 #ba71 ,& !y 7t is ! ,g5tiles :o _h any ,jew 9 bondage7 %all br+ all y\r bre?r51 = an (f]+ to ! ,"l1 out ( all nations1 ^u horses1 & 9 *>iots1 & 9 litt]s1 & ^u mules1 & ^u swift bea/s1 to my holy m\nta91 ,j]usalem1 sai? ! ,"l1 z ! *ildr5 ( ,israel br+ an (f]+ 9 a clean vessel into ! h\se ( ! ,"l4 ,& ,i w also take ( !m = prie/s & = ,levites1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,:]eby x is manife/1 t ! *ief seat ( ,god's k+dom1 :i* is ! place f :5ce ! salvation ( u t 7 ,g5tiles %all proce$1 %all be ,j]usalem3 & ! same is also confirm$ by our ,savi\r 9 8 disc\rse ) ! woman ( ,sam>ia1 conc]n+ ! place ( ,god's wor%ip2 to :om he sai? 7,john iv4 #bb7 t ! ,sam>itans wor%ipp$ !y knew n :at1 b ! ,jews wor%ipp$ :at !y knew1 = salvation is ( ! ,jews 7ex ,judis1 t is1 beg9s at ! ,jews73 z if he %\ld say1 y wor%ip ,god1 b "k n by :om he w save y1 z we d1 t "k x %all be by "o ( ! tribe ( ,judah2 a ,jew1 n a ,sam>itan4 ,& !re=e also ! woman n imp]t95tly answ]$ him aga91 ,we "k ! ,messias %all come4 ,s t :i* our ,savi\r sai?1 ,salvation is f ! ,jews1 is ! same t ,paul says 7,rom4 i4 #af1 #ag7 ,! ,gospel is ! p[] ( ,god to salvation to e "o t believe?3 to ! ,jew fir/1 & also to ! ,greek4 ,= !re9 is ! righte\sness ( ,god reveal$ f fai? to fai?2 f ! fai? ( ! ,jew to ! fai? ( ! ,g5tile4 ,9 ! l s5se ! prophet ,joel describ+ ! day ( ,judgm5t1 7*ap4 ii4 #cj1 #ca7 t ,god w\ld %ew wond]s 9 heav51 & 9 e>?1 blood1 & fire1 & pill>s ( smoke2 ! sun %all be turn$ to d>kness1 & ! moon into blood1 be=e ! great & t]rible day ( ! ,"l come3 he adde?1 7v]se #cb7 & x %all come to pass1 t :osoev] %all call ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l %all be sav$4 ,= 9 ,m\nt ,zion & 9 ,j]usalem %all be salvation4 ,& ,obadiah1 7v]se #ag7 sai? ! same1 ,^u ,m\nt ,zion %all be deliv]ance2 & !re %all be hol9ess1 & ! h\se ( ,jacob %all possess _! possessions1 t is ! possessions ( ! hea!n1 :i* possessions1 he expresse? m p>ticul>ly 9 ! foll[+ v]ses1 by ! m\nt ( ,esau1 ! ,l& ( ! ,phili/9es1 ! fields ( ,ephraim1 ( ,sam>ia1 ,gilead1 & ! cities ( ! s\?1 & concludes ) ^! words1 ! k+dom %all be ! ,"l's4 ,all ^! places are = salvation1 & ! k+dom ( ,god1 aft] ! day ( judgm5t1 ^u e>?4 ,on ! o!r side1 ,i h n f\nd any text t c probably be drawn1 to prove any asc5sion ( ! sa9ts into heav52 t is to say1 into any clum empyreum1 or o!r !rial region2 sav+ t x is call$ ! k+dom ( ,heav53 :i* "n x may h1 because ,god1 t 0 k+ ( ! ,jews1 gov]n$ !m by 8 comm&s1 s5t to ,moses by angels f heav52 & aft] ! revolt1 s5t 8 ,son f heav5 to r$uce !m to _! ob$i5ce2 & %all s5d him !nce aga9 to rule bo? !m1 & all o!r fai?ful m51 f ! day ( judgm5t1 ev]la/+ly3 or f t1 t ! ?rone ( ?is our great k+ is 9 heav52 :]eas ! e>? is b 8 foot/ool4 ,b t ! subjects ( ,god %\ld h any place z high z 8 ?rone1 or high] ?an 8 foot/ool1 x seeme? n suitable to ! dignity ( a k+1 nor c ,i f9d any evid5t text = x 9 ,holy ,scripture4 ,sid5ote3 ,! _w to come4 ,f ?is t ha? be5 said ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 & ( salvation1 x is n h>d to int]pret :at is meant by ! ,,_w ,,to ,,come4 ,!re are ?ree worlds m5tion$ 9 ,scripture1 ! old _w1 ! pres5t _w1 & ! _w to come4 ,( ! fir/1 ,/4 ,pet] speaks1 7#b ,pet4 ii4 #e7 ,if ,god sp>$ n ! old _w1 b sav$ ,noah ! eigh? p]son1 a prea*] ( righte\sness1 br++ ! flood ^u ! _w ( ! ungodly1 c4 ,s ! fir/ _w1 0 f ,adam to ! g5]al flood4 ,( ! pres5t _w1 our ,savi\r speaks 7,john xviii4 #cf7 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w4 ,= he came only to tea* m5 ! way ( salvation1 & to r5ew ! k+dom ( 8 ,fa!r1 by 8 doctr9e4 ,( ! _w to come1 ,/4 ,pet] speaks 7#b ,pet4 iii4 #ac7 ,nev]!less we accord+ to 8 promise look = new heav5s1 & a new e>?4 ,?is is t ,,_w1 :]e9 ,*ri/ com+ d[n f heav5 9 ! cl\ds1 ) great p[]1 & glory1 %all s5d 8 angels1 & %all ga!r toge!r 8 elect1 f ! f\r w9ds1 & f ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>?1 & !nce=? reign ov] !m1 "u 8 ,fa!r1 ev]la/+ly4 ,sid5ote3 ,r$emption4 ,salvation ( a s9n]1 suppose? a prec$5t ,,r$emption2 = he t is once guilty ( s91 is obnoxi\s to ! p5alty ( ! same2 & mu/ pay1 or "s o!r = him1 su* ransom z he t is (f5d$1 & has him 9 8 p[]1 %all require4 ,& see+ ! p]son (f5d$1 is ,almighty ,god1 9 ^: p[] are all ?+s2 su* ransom is to be paid be=e salvation c be acquir$1 z ,god ha? be5 pleas$ to require4 ,by ?is ransom1 is n int5d$ a satisfaction = s91 equival5t to ! (f5ce2 :i* no s9n] = himself1 nor righte\s man c ev] be able to make = ano!r3 ! damage a man does to ano!r1 he may make am5ds = by re/itution or recomp5se2 b s9 _c be tak5 away by recomp5se2 = t 7 to make ! lib]ty to s91 a ?+ v5dible4 ,b s9s may be p>don$ to ! rep5tant1 ei!r gratis1 or ^u su* p5alty z ,god is pleas$ to accept4 ,t :i* ,god usually accept$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 0 "s sacrifice or oblation4 ,to =give s9 is n an act ( inju/ice1 ?\gh ! puni%m5t h be5 ?reat5$4 ,ev5 among/ m51 ?\gh ! promise ( good1 b9d ! promis]2 yet ?reats1 t is to say1 promises ( evil1 b9d !m n2 mu* less %all !y b9d ,god1 :o is inf9itely m m]ciful ?an m54 ,our ,savi\r ,*ri/ !re=e to r$eem u1 did n 9 t s5se satisfy = ! s9s ( m51 z t 8 dea?1 ( its own virtue1 c\ld make x unju/ 9 ,god to puni% s9n]s ) et]nal dea?2 b did make t sacrifice & oblation ( himself1 at 8 fir/ com+1 :i* ,god 0 pleas$ to require = ! salvation1 at 8 second com+1 ( su* z 9 ! meantime %\ld rep5t1 & believe 9 him4 ,& ?\gh ?is act ( our r$emption1 be n always 9 ,scripture call$ a sacrifice1 & oblation1 b sometimes a price2 yet by price we are n to und]/& any?+1 by ! value :]e(1 he c\ld claim "r to a p>don = u1 f 8 (f5d$ ,fa!r2 b t price :i* ,god ! ,fa!r 0 pleas$ 9 m]cy to dem&4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,,( ,,! ,,signification ,,9 ,,scripture ,,( ,,! ,,^w ,,*ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ur* ! ,"l's h\se4 ,! ^w ,*ur*1 7,ecclesia7 signifie? 9 ! books ( ,holy ,scripture div]s ?+s4 ,sometimes1 ?\gh n (t51 x is tak5 = ,god's h\se1 t is to say1 = a temple1 :]e9 ,*ri/ians assembl$ to p]=m holy duties1 publicly1 z 7#a ,cor4 xiv4 #cd7 ,let y\r wom5 keep sil5ce 9 ! ,*ur*es3 b ?is is metaphorically put = ! congregation !re assembl$2 & ha? be5 s9ce us$ = ! edifice itself1 to di/+ui% betwe5 ! temples ( ,*ri/ians & idolat]s4 ,! ,temple ( ,j]usalem 0 ,god's h\se1 & ! h\se ( pray]2 & s is any edifice d$icat$ by ,*ri/ians to ! wor%ip ( ,*ri/1 ,*ri/'s h\se3 & !re=e ! ,greek fa!rs call x 1 ! ,"l's h\se3 & !nce 9 our language x came to be call$ kyrke1 & *ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,ecclesia1 prop]ly :at4 ,*ur*1 :5 n tak5 = a h\se1 signifie? ! same t ecclesia signifi$ 9 ! ,grecian commonweal?1 t is to say1 a congregation1 or an assembly ( citiz5s1 call$ =? to he> ! magi/rate speak unto !m2 & :i* 9 ! commonweal? ( ,rome 0 call$ concio3 z he t spake 0 call$ ecclesia/es1 & concionator4 ,& :5 !y 7 call$ =? by lawful au?ority1 7,acts xix4 #ci7 x 0 ,ecclesia legitima1 a lawful ,*ur*1 4 ,b :5 !y 7 excit$ by tumultu\s & s$iti\s clam\r1 !n x 0 a ,confus$ ,*ur*1 4 ,x is tak5 also sometimes = ! m5 t h "r to be ( ! congregation1 ?\gh n actually assembl$1 t is to say1 = ! :ole multitude ( ,*ri/ian m51 h[ f> soev] !y be disp]s$3 z 7,acts viii4 #c7 :]e x is said1 t ,saul made havoc ( ! ,*ur*3 & 9 ?is s5se is ,*ri/ said to be ! head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& sometimes = a c]ta9 "p ( ,*ri/ians1 z 7,col4 iv4 #ae7 ,salute ! ,*ur* t is 9 8 h\se4 ,sometimes also = ! elect only2 z 7,eph4 v4 #bg7 ,a glori\s ,*ur*1 )\t spot1 or wr9kle1 holy1 & )\t blemi%2 :i* is meant ( ! ,*ur* triumphant1 or ,*ur* to come4 ,sometimes1 = a congregation assembl$ ( pr(essors ( ,*ri/ianity1 :e!r _! pr(ession be true or c\nt]feit2 z x is und]/ood1 7,mat?4 xviii4 #ag7 :]e x is said1 ,tell x to ! ,*ur*2 & if he neglect to he> ! ,*ur*1 let him be to !e z a ,g5tile1 or publican4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 :at s5se ! *ur* is "o p]son4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ur* def9$4 ,& 9 ?is la/ s5se only x is t ! ,*ur* c be tak5 = "o p]son2 t is to say1 t x c be said to h p[] to w1 to pron\nce1 to comm&1 to be obey$1 to make laws1 or to d any o!r action :atsoev]4 ,= )\t au?ority f a lawful congregation1 :atsoev] act be done 9 a conc\rse ( p1 x is ! p>ticul> act ( e "o ( ^? t 7 pres5t1 & gave _! aid to ! p]=mance ( x2 & n ! act ( !m all 9 gross1 z ( "o body2 mu* less ! act ( !m t 7 abs5t1 or t be+ pres5t1 7 n will+ x %\ld be done4 ,accord+ to ?is s5se1 ,i def9e a ,,*ur* to be1 a company ( m5 pr(ess+ ,*ri/ian religion1 unit$ 9 ! p]son ( "o sov]eign1 at ^: comm& !y ought to assemble1 & )\t ^: au?ority !y ought n to assemble4 ,& because 9 all commonweal?s1 t assembly1 :i* is )\t w>rant f ! civil sov]eign1 is unlawful2 t ,*ur* also1 :i* is assembl$ 9 any commonweal? t ha? =bidd5 !m to assemble1 is an unlawful assembly4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,*ri/ian commonweal? & a *ur* all "o4 ,x foll[e? also1 t !re is on e>?1 no su* univ]sal ,*ur*1 z all ,*ri/ians are b\nd to obey2 because !re is no p[] on e>?1 to :i* all o!r commonweal?s are subject4 ,!re are ,*ri/ians1 9 ! dom9ions ( sev]al pr9ces & /ates2 b e "o ( !m is subject to t commonweal?1 :]e( he is himself a memb]2 & consequ5tly1 _c be subject to ! comm&s ( any o!r p]son4 ,& !re=e a ,*ur*1 su* a "o z is capable to comm&1 to judge1 absolve1 condemn1 or d any o!r act1 is ! same ?+ ) a civil commonweal?1 consi/+ ( ,*ri/ian m52 & is call$ a civil /ate1 = t ! subjects ( x are m52 & a ,*ur*1 = t ! subjects !re( are ,*ri/ians4 ,temporal & spiritual gov]nm5t1 are b two words br\ght into ! _w1 to make m5 see d\ble1 & mi/ake _! lawful sov]eign4 ,x is true1 t ! bodies ( ! fai?ful1 aft] ! resurrection1 %all be n only spiritual1 b et]nal2 b 9 ?is life !y are gross1 & corruptible4 ,!re is !re=e no o!r gov]nm5t 9 ?is life1 nei!r ( /ate1 nor religion1 b temporal2 nor tea*+ ( any doctr9e1 lawful to any subject1 :i* ! gov]nor bo? ( ! /ate1 & ( ! religion =bidde? to be taught4 ,& t gov]nor mu/ be "o2 or else !re mu/ ne$s foll[ faction & civil w> 9 ! commonweal?1 betwe5 ! ,*ur* & ,/ate2 betwe5 spirituali/s & temporali/s2 betwe5 ! sword ( ju/ice1 & ! %ield ( fai?3 &1 :i* is m1 9 e ,*ri/ian man's own brea/1 betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian1 & ! man4 ,! doctors ( ! ,*ur*1 are call$ pa/ors2 s also are civil sov]eigns4 ,b if pa/ors be n subord9ate "o to ano!r1 s z t !re may be "o *ief pa/or1 m5 w be taught contr>y doctr9es2 :]e( bo? may be1 & "o mu/ be false4 ,:o t "o *ief pa/or is1 accord+ to ! law ( nature1 ha? be5 already %[n2 namely1 t x is ! civil sov]eign3 & to :om ! ,scripture ha? assign$ t (fice1 we %all see 9 ! *apt]s foll[+4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xl4 ,,( ,,! ,,rights ,,( ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god1 ,,9 ,,abraham1 ,,moses1 ,,! ,,high-,,prie/s1 ,,& ,,! ,,k+s ,,( ,,judah4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sov]eign "r ( ,abraham4 ,! fa!r ( ! fai?ful1 & fir/ 9 ! k+dom ( ,god by cov5ant1 0 ,abraham4 ,= ) him 0 ! cov5ant fir/ made2 :]e9 he oblig$ himself1 & 8 se$ aft] him1 to ackn[l$ge & obey ! comm&s ( ,god2 n only su*1 z he c\ld take notice (1 7z moral laws17 by ! light ( nature2 b also su*1 z ,god %\ld 9 special mann] deliv] to him by dreams & visions4 ,= z to ! moral law1 !y 7 already oblig$1 & ne$$ n h be5 contract$ )al1 by promise ( ! l& ( ,canaan4 ,nor 0 !re any contract1 t c\ld add to1 or /r5g!n ! obligation1 by :i* bo? !y1 & all m5 else 7 b\nd naturally to obey ,god ,almighty3 & !re=e ! cov5ant :i* ,abraham made ) ,god1 0 to take = ! comm&m5t ( ,god1 t :i* 9 ! "n ( ,god 0 comm&$ him 9 a dream1 or vision2 & to deliv] x to 8 family1 & cause !m to obs]ve ! same4 ,sid5ote3 ,abraham _h ! sole p[] ( ord]+ ! religion ( 8 own p4 ,9 ?is contract ( ,god ) ,abraham1 we may obs]ve ?ree po9ts ( important consequ5ce 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,god's p4 ,fir/1 t at ! mak+ ( ?is cov5ant1 ,god spake only to ,abraham2 & !re=e contract$ n ) any ( 8 family1 or se$1 o!rwise ?an z _! wills1 :i* make ! ess5ce ( all cov5ants1 7 be=e ! contract involv$ 9 ! w ( ,abraham2 :o 0 !re=e suppos$ to h _h a lawful p[]1 to make !m p]=m all t he cov5ant$ = !m4 ,accord+ :]eunto 7,g54 xviii4 #ah1 #ai7 ,god sai?1 ,all ! nations ( ! e>? %all be bless$ 9 him2 = ,i "k him t he w comm& 8 *ildr5 & 8 h\sehold aft] him1 & !y %all keep ! way ( ! ,"l4 ,f :5ce may be conclud$ ?is fir/ po9t1 t !y to :om ,god ha? n spok5 imm$iately1 are to receive ! positive comm&m5ts ( ,god1 f _! sov]eign2 z ! family & se$ ( ,abraham did f ,abraham _! fa!r1 & ,"l1 & civil sov]eign4 ,& consequ5tly 9 e commonweal?1 !y :o h no sup]natural revelation to ! contr>y1 ought to obey ! laws ( _! own sov]eign1 9 ! ext]nal acts & pr(ession ( religion4 ,z = ! inw>d ?\ght1 & belief ( m51 :i* human gov]nors c take no notice (1 7= ,god only kn[e? ! he>t71 !y are n volunt>y1 nor ! effect ( ! laws1 b ( ! unreveal$ w & ( ! p[] ( ,god2 & consequ5tly fall n "u obligation4 ,sid5ote3 ,no pret5ce ( private _s aga9/ ! religion ( ,abraham4 ,f :5ce proce$e? ano!r po9t1 t x 0 n unlawful = ,abraham1 :5 any ( 8 subjects %\ld pret5d private vision or _s1 or o!r revelation f ,god1 = ! c\nt5anc+ ( any doctr9e :i* ,abraham %\ld =bid1 or :5 !y foll[$ or adh]$ to any su* pret5d]1 to puni% !m2 & consequ5tly t x is lawful n[ = ! sov]eign to puni% any man t %all oppose 8 private _s aga9/ ! laws3 = he ha? ! same place 9 ! commonweal?1 t ,abraham _h 9 8 own family4 ,sid5ote3 ,abraham sole judge & int]pret] ( :at ,god spake4 ,!re arise? also f ! same1 a ?ird po9t2 t z none b ,abraham 9 8 family1 s none b ! sov]eign 9 a ,*ri/ian commonweal?1 c take notice :at is1 or :at is n ! ^w ( ,god4 ,= ,god spake only to ,abraham2 & x 0 he only1 t 0 able to "k :at ,god said1 & to int]pret ! same to 8 family3 & !re=e also1 !y t h ! place ( ,abraham 9 a commonweal?1 are ! only int]pret]s ( :at ,god ha? spok54 ,sid5ote3 ,! au?ority ( ,moses :]eon gr\nd$4 ,! same cov5ant 0 r5ew$ ) ,isaac2 & aft]w>ds ) ,jacob2 b aft]w>ds no m1 till ! ,israelites 7 fre$ f ! ,egyptians1 & arriv$ at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,s9ai3 & !n x 0 r5ew$ by ,moses1 7z ,i h said be=e1 *ap4 xxxv47 9 su* mann]1 z !y became f t "t =w>d ! peculi> k+dom ( ,god2 ^: lieut5ant 0 ,moses1 = 8 own "t3 & ! succession to t (fice 0 settl$ ^u ,a>on1 & 8 heirs aft] him1 to be to ,god a a sac]dotal k+dom = ev]4 ,by ?is con/itution1 a k+dom is acquir$ to ,god4 ,b see+ ,moses _h no au?ority to gov]n ! ,israelites1 z a successor to ! "r ( ,abraham1 because he c\ld n claim x by inh]itance2 x appe>e? n z yet1 t ! p 7 oblig$ to take him = ,god's lieut5ant1 long] ?an !y believ$ t ,god spake unto him4 ,& !re=e 8 au?ority1 not)/&+ ! cov5ant !y made ) ,god1 dep5d$ yet m]ely ^u ! op9ion !y _h ( 8 sanctity1 & ( ! reality ( 8 conf]5ces ) ,god1 & ! v]ity ( 8 miracles2 :i* op9ion com+ to *ange1 !y 7 no m oblig$ to take any?+ = ! law ( ,god1 :i* he prop\nd$ to !m 9 ,god's "n4 ,we are !re=e to consid]1 :at o!r gr\nd !re 01 ( _! obligation to obey him4 ,= x c\ld n be ! comm&m5t ( ,god t c\ld oblige !m2 because ,god spake n to !m imm$iately1 b by ! m$iation ( ,moses himself3 & our ,savi\r sai? ( himself1 7,john v4 #ca7 ,if ,i be> witness ( myself1 my witness is n true2 mu* less if ,moses be> witness ( himself1 especially 9 a claim ( k+ly p[] ov] ,god's p1 ought 8 te/imony to be receiv$4 ,8 au?ority !re=e1 z ! au?ority ( all o!r pr9ces1 mu/ be gr\nd$ on ! cons5t ( ! p1 & _! promise to obey him4 ,& s x 03 = ! p 7,exod4 xx4 #ah1 #ai7 :5 !y saw ! ?und]+s1 & ! light5+s1 & ! noise ( ! trumpets1 & ! m\nta9 smok+1 remov$1 & /ood af> (f4 ,& !y said unto ,moses1 speak ?\ ) u1 & we w he>1 b let n ,god speak ) u le/ we die4 ,"h 0 _! promise ( ob$i5ce2 & by ?is x 0 !y oblig$ !mselves to obey :atsoev] he %\ld deliv] unto !m = ! comm&m5t ( ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,moses 01 "u ,god1 sov]eign ( ! ,jews all 8 own "t1 ?\gh ,a>on _h ! prie/hood4 ,& not)/&+ ! cov5ant con/itut$ a sac]dotal k+dom1 t is to say1 a k+dom h]$it>y to ,a>on2 yet t is to be und]/ood ( ! succession aft] ,moses %\ld be dead4 ,= :osoev] ord]e? & e/abli%e? ! policy1 z fir/ f\nd] ( a commonweal?1 be x mon>*y1 ari/ocracy1 or democracy1 mu/ ne$s h sov]eign p[] ov] ! p all ! :ile he is do+ ( x4 ,& t ,moses _h t p[] all 8 own "t1 is evid5tly affirm$ 9 ! ,scripture4 ,fir/1 9 ! text la/ be=e cit$1 because ! p promis$ ob$i5ce1 n to ,a>on1 b to him4 ,secondly1 7,exod4 xxiv4 #a1 #b7 ,& ,god said unto ,moses1 ,come up unto ! ,"l1 ?\ & ,a>on1 ,nadab & ,abihu1 & sev5ty ( ! ,eld]s ( ,israel4 ,& ,moses alone %all come ne> ! ,"l1 b !y %all n come nigh1 nei!r %all ! p g up ) him4 ,by :i* x is pla91 t ,moses1 :o 0 alone call$ up to ,god1 7& n ,a>on1 nor ! o!r prie/s1 nor ! sev5ty eld]s1 nor ! p :o 7 =bidd5 to come up17 0 alone he1 t repres5t$ to ! ,israelites ! p]son ( ,god1 t is to say1 0 _! sole sov]eign "u ,god4 ,& ?\gh aft]w>ds x be said 7v]ses #i1 #aj7 ,!n w5t up ,moses & ,a>on1 ,nadab & ,abihu1 & sev5ty ( ! eld]s ( ,israel1 & !y saw ! ,god ( ,israel1 & !re 0 "u 8 feet1 z x 7 a pav$ "w ( a sapphire /one c2 yet ?is 0 n till aft] ,moses _h be5 ) ,god be=e1 & _h br\ght to ! p ! words :i* ,god _h said to him4 ,he only w5t = ! bus9ess ( ! p2 ! o!rs1 z ! nobles ( 8 ret9ue1 7 admitt$ = hon\r to t special grace1 :i* 0 n all[$ to ! p2 :i* 01 z 9 ! v]se aft] appe>e?1 to see ,god & live1 ,god laid n 8 h& ^u !m1 !y saw ,god & did eat & dr9k1 t is1 did live3 b did n c>ry any comm&m5t f him to ! p4 ,aga91 x is ev]y:]e said1 ! ,"l spake unto ,moses1 z 9 all o!r occasions ( gov]nm5t1 s also 9 ! ord]+ ( ! c]emonies ( religion1 conta9$ 9 *apt]s xxv4 xxvi4 xxvii4 xxviii4 xxix4 xxx4 & xxxi4 ( ,exodus1 & ?r\gh\t ,leviticus3 to ,a>on seldom4 ,! calf t ,a>on made1 ,moses ?rew into ! fire4 ,la/ly1 ! "q ( ! au?ority ( ,a>on1 by occasion ( 8 & ,miriam's mut9y aga9/ ,moses1 0 7,numb4 xii47 judg$ by ,god himself = ,moses4 ,s also 9 ! "q betwe5 ,moses & ! p1 :o _h ! "r ( gov]n+ ! p1 :5 ,corah1 ,da?an1 & ,abiram1 & two hundr$ & fifty pr9ces ( ! assembly1 ga!r$ !mselves toge!r 7,numb4 xvi4 #c7 aga9/ ,moses1 & aga9/ ,a>on1 & said unto !m1 ye take too mu* ^u y1 see+ all ! congregation are holy1 e "o ( !m1 & ! ,"l is among/ !m1 :y lift y up y\rselves above ! congregation ( ! ,"l8 ,god caus$ ! e>? to swall[ ,corah1 ,da?an1 & ,abiram1 ) _! wives & *ildr51 alive1 & consum$ ^? two hundr$ & fifty pr9ces ) fire4 ,!re=e nei!r ,a>on1 nor ! p1 nor any ari/ocracy ( ! *ief pr9ces ( ! p1 b ,moses alone _h next "u ,god ! sov]eignty ov] ! ,israelites3 & t n only 9 causes ( civil policy1 b also ( religion3 = ,moses only spake ) ,god1 & !re=e only c\ld tell ! p :at x 0 t ,god requir$ at _! h&s4 ,no man ^u pa9 ( dea? might be s presumptu\s z to approa* ! m\nta9 :]e ,god talk$ ) ,moses4 ,?\ %alt set b\nds 7sai? ! ,"l1 ,exod4 xix4 #ab7 to ! p r\nd ab\t1 & say1 ,take he$ to y\rselves t y g n up into ! ,m\nt1 or t\* ! bord] ( x2 :osoev] t\*e? ! ,m\nt %all surely be put to dea?4 ,& aga9 7v]se #ba7 ,g d[n1 *>ge ! p1 le/ !y break ?r\gh unto ! ,"l to gaze4 ,out ( :i* we may conclude1 t :osoev] 9 a ,*ri/ian commonweal? holde? ! place ( ,moses1 is ! sole mess5g] ( ,god1 & int]pret] ( 8 comm&m5ts4 ,& accord+ h]eunto1 no man ought 9 ! int]pretation ( ! ,scripture to proce$ fur!r ?an ! b\nds :i* are set by _! sev]al sov]eigns4 ,= ! ,scriptures1 s9ce ,god n[ speake? 9 !m1 are ! ,m\nt ,s9ai2 ! b\nds :]e( are ! laws ( !m t repres5t ,god's p]son on e>?4 ,to look ^u !m1 & !re9 to behold ! wondr\s works ( ,god1 & le>n to fe> him1 is all[$2 b to int]pret !m1 t is1 to pry into :at ,god sai? to him :om he appo9te? to gov]n "u him1 & make !mselves judges :e!r he gov]n z ,god comm&e? him1 or n1 is to transgress ! b\nds ,god ha? set u1 & to gaze ^u ,god irrev]5tly4 ,sid5ote3 ,all spirits 7 subord9ate to ! _s ( ,moses4 ,!re 0 no prophet 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 nor pret5d] to ! _s ( ,god1 b su* z ,moses _h approv$ & au?oriz$4 ,= !re 7 9 8 "t b sev5ty m51 t are said to prophecy by ! _s ( ,god1 & ^! 7 all ( ,moses 8 election2 conc]n+ :om ,god said to ,moses1 7,numb4 xi4 #af7 ,ga!r to me sev5ty ( ! eld]s ( ,israel1 :om ?\ kn[e/ to be ! eld]s ( ! p4 ,to ^! ,god imp>t$ 8 _s2 b x 0 n a diff]5t _s f t ( ,moses2 = x is said 7v]se #be7 ,god came d[n 9 a cl\d1 & took ( ! _s t 0 ^u ,moses1 & gave x to ! sev5ty eld]s4 ,b z ,i h %[n be=e 7*ap4 ,,xxxvi47 by _s1 is und]/ood ! m9d2 s t ! s5se ( ! place is no o!r ?an ?is1 t ,god endu$ !m ) a m9d con=mable & subord9ate to t ( ,moses1 t !y might prophecy1 t is to say1 speak to ! p 9 ,god's "n1 9 su* mann]1 z to set =w>d1 z m9i/]s ( ,moses & by 8 au?ority1 su* doctr9e z 0 agreeable to ,moses 8 doctr9e4 ,= !y 7 b m9i/]s2 & :5 two ( !m propheci$ 9 ! camp1 x 0 ?\ght a new & unlawful ?+2 & z x is 9 v]ses #bg & #bh ( ! same *apt]1 !y 7 accus$ ( x1 & ,jo%ua advis$ ,moses to =bid !m1 z n kn[+ t x 0 by ,moses 8 _s t !y propheci$4 ,by :i* x is manife/1 t no subject ought to pret5d to prophecy1 or to ! _s1 9 opposition to ! doctr9e e/abli%$ by him :om ,god ha? set 9 ! place ( ,moses4 ,sid5ote3 ,aft] ,moses ! sov]eignty 0 9 ! high prie/4 ,a>on be+ dead1 & aft] him also ,moses1 ! k+dom1 z be+ a sac]dotal k+dom1 desc5d$ by virtue ( ! cov5ant1 to ,a>on's son ,eleaz> ! high-prie/3 & ,god decl>$ him1 next "u himself1 = sov]eign1 at ! same "t t he appo9t$ ,jo%ua = ! ,g5]al ( _! army4 ,= ?us ,god sai? expressly 7,numb4 xxvii4 #ba7 conc]n+ ,jo%ua3 ,he %all /& be=e ,eleaz> ! prie/1 :o %all ask c\nsel = him be=e ! ,"l2 at 8 ^w %all !y g out1 & at 8 ^w !y %all come 91 bo? he1 & all ! *ildr5 ( ,israel ) him4 ,!re=e ! supreme p[] ( mak+ w> & peace1 0 9 ! prie/4 ,! supreme p[] ( judicature belong$ also to ! high-prie/3 = ! book ( ! law 0 9 _! keep+2 & ! prie/s & ,levites only 7 ! subord9ate judges 9 causes civil1 z appe>s 9 ,deut4 xvii4 #h1 #i1 #aj4 ,& = ! mann] ( ,god's wor%ip1 !re 0 nev] d\bt made1 b t ! high-prie/ till ! "t ( ,saul1 _h ! supreme au?ority4 ,!re=e ! civil & ecclesia/ical p[] 7 bo? jo9$ toge!r 9 "o & ! same p]son1 ! high-prie/2 & ought to be s1 9 :osoev] gov]ne? by div9e "r1 t is1 by au?ority imm$iate f ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! sov]eign p[] betwe5 ! "t ( ,jo%ua & ( ,saul4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,jo%ua1 till ! "t ( ,saul1 ! "t betwe5 is not$ frequ5tly 9 ! ,book ( ,judges1 ,t !re 0 9 ^? days no k+ 9 ,israel2 & sometimes ) ?is addition1 t e man did t :i* 0 "r 9 8 own eyes4 ,by :i* is to be und]/ood1 t :]e x is said1 !re 0 no k+1 is meant1 !re 0 no sov]eign p[] 9 ,israel4 ,& s x 01 if we consid] ! act & ex]cise ( su* p[]4 ,= aft] ! dea? ( ,jo%ua & ,eleaz>1 !re arose ano!r g5]ation 7,judges ii4 #aj1 #aa7 t knew n ! ,"l1 nor ! works :i* he _h done = ,israel1 b did evil 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l1 & s]v$ ,baalim4 ,& ! ,jews _h t quality :i* ,/4 ,paul note?1 to look = a sign1 n only be=e !y w\ld submit !mselves to ! gov]nm5t ( ,moses1 b also aft] !y _h oblig$ !mselves by _! submission4 ,:]eas signs & miracles _h = end to procure fai?1 n to keep m5 f violat+ x1 :5 !y h once giv5 x2 = to t m5 are oblig$ by ! law ( nature4 ,b if we consid] n ! ex]cise1 b ! "r ( gov]n+1 ! sov]eign p[] 0 /ill 9 ! high-prie/4 ,!re=e :atsoev] ob$i5ce 0 yield$ to any ( ! judges1 :o 7 m5 *os5 by ,god extraord9>ily to save 8 rebelli\s subjects out ( ! h&s ( ! enemy1 x _c be drawn into argum5t aga9/ ! "r ! high-prie/ _h to ! sov]eign p[]1 9 all matt]s bo? ( policy & religion4 ,& nei!r ! judges nor ,samuel himself _h an ord9>y1 b an extraord9>y call+ to ! gov]nm5t2 & 7 obey$ by ! ,israelites1 n out ( duty1 b out ( rev]5ce to _! fav\r ) ,god1 appe>+ 9 _! wisdom1 c\rage1 or felicity4 ,hi!rto !re=e ! "r ( regulat+ bo? ! policy1 & ! religion1 7 insep>able4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! rights ( ! k+s ( ,israel4 ,to ! judges succe$$ k+s3 & :]eas be=e1 all au?ority1 bo? 9 religion & policy1 0 9 ! high-prie/2 s n[ x 0 all 9 ! k+4 ,= ! sov]eignty ov] ! p1 :i* 0 be=e1 n only by virtue ( ! div9e p[]1 b also by a p>ticul> pact ( ! ,israelites1 9 ,god1 & next "u him1 9 ! high-prie/1 z 8 viceg]5t on e>?1 0 ca/ (f by ! p1 ) ! cons5t ( ,god himself4 ,= :5 !y said to ,samuel 7#a ,sam4 viii4 #e7 ,make u a k+ to judge u l all ! nations1 !y signifi$ t !y w\ld no m be gov]n$ by ! comm&s t %\ld be laid ^u !m by ! prie/1 9 ! "n ( ,god2 b by "o t %\ld comm& !m 9 ! same mann] t all o!r nations 7 comm&$2 & consequ5tly 9 depos+ ! high-prie/ ( royal au?ority1 !y depos$ t peculi> gov]nm5t ( ,god4 ,& yet ,god cons5t$ to x1 say+ to ,samuel 7#a ,sam4 viii4 #g7 ,he>k5 unto ! voice ( ! p1 9 all t !y %all say unto !e2 = !y h n reject$ !e1 b !y h reject$ me1 t ,i %\ld n reign ov] !m4 ,hav+ !re=e reject$ ,god1 9 ^: "r ! prie/s gov]n$1 !re 0 no au?ority left to ! prie/s1 b su* z ! k+ 0 pleas$ to all[ !m2 :i* 0 m or less1 accord+ z ! k+s 7 good or evil4 ,& = ! gov]nm5t ( civil affairs1 x is manife/1 x 0 all 9 ! h&s ( ! k+4 ,= 9 ! same *apt]1 7v]se #bj71 !y say !y w be l all ! nations2 t _! k+ %all be _! judge1 & g be=e !m1 & fight _! battles2 t is1 he %all h ! :ole au?ority1 bo? 9 peace & w>4 ,9 :i* is conta9$ also ! ord]+ ( religion3 = !re 0 no o!r ^w ( ,god 9 t "t1 by :i* to regulate religion1 b ! law ( ,moses1 :i* 0 _! civil law4 ,besides1 we read 7#a ,k+s ii4 #bg7 t ,solomon ?ru/ out ,abia?> f be+ prie/ be=e ! ,"l3 he _h !re=e au?ority ov] ! high-prie/1 z ov] any o!r subject2 :i* is a great m>k ( supremacy 9 religion4 ,& we read also1 7#a ,k+s viii47 t he d$icat$ ! ,temple2 t he bless$ ! p2 & t he himself 9 p]son made t excell5t pray]1 us$ 9 ! consecration ( all *ur*es & h\ses ( pray]2 :i* is ano!r great m>k ( supremacy 9 religion4 ,aga91 we read 7#b ,k+s xxii47 t :5 !re 0 "q conc]n+ ! ,book ( ! ,law f\nd 9 ! ,temple1 ! same 0 n decid$ by ! high-prie/1 b ,josiah s5t bo? him & o!rs to enquire conc]n+ x1 ( ,huldah1 ! prophetess2 :i* is ano!r m>k ( supremacy 9 religion4 ,la/ly1 we read 7#a ,*ron4 xxvi4 #cj7 t ,david made ,ha%abiah & 8 bre?r51 ,hebronites1 (fic]s ( ,israel among !m we/w>d1 9 all _! bus9ess ( ! ,"l1 & 9 ! s]vice ( ! k+4 ,likewise 7v]se #cb7 t he made o!r ,hebronites1 rul]s ov] ! ,reub5ites1 ! ,gadites1 & ! half tribe ( ,manasseh 7^! 7 ! re/ ( ,israel t dwelt beyond ,jordan7 = e matt] p]ta9+ to ,god1 & affairs ( ! k+4 ,is n ?is full p[]1 bo? temporal & spiritual1 z !y call x t w\ld divide x8 ,to conclude2 f ! fir/ in/itution ( ,god's k+dom1 to ! captivity1 ! supremacy ( religion 0 9 ! same h& ) t ( ! civil sov]eignty2 & ! prie/'s (fice aft] ! election ( ,saul1 0 n magi/]ial1 b m9i/]ial4 ,sid5ote3 ,! practice ( supremacy 9 religion 0 n1 9 ! "t ( ! k+s1 accord+ to ! "r !re(4 ,not)/&+ ! gov]nm5t bo? 9 policy & religion1 7 jo9$1 fir/ 9 ! high-prie/s1 & aft]w>ds 9 ! k+s1 s f> =? z conc]n$ ! "r2 yet x appe>e? by ! same holy hi/ory1 t ! p und]/ood x n3 b !re be+ among/ !m a great "p1 & probably ! greate/ "p1 t no long] ?an !y saw great miracles1 or1 :at is equival5t to a miracle1 great abilities1 or great felicity 9 ! ent]prises ( _! gov]nors1 gave suffici5t cr$it ei!r to ! fame ( ,moses or to ! colloquies betwe5 ,god & ! prie/s2 !y took occasion1 z (t z _! gov]nors displeas$ !m1 by blam+ sometimes ! policy1 sometimes ! religion1 to *ange ! gov]nm5t or revolt f _! ob$i5ce at _! pleasure3 & f !nce proce$$ f "t to "t ! civil tr\bles1 divisions1 & calamities ( ! nation4 ,z = example1 aft] ! dea? ( ,eleaz> & ,jo%ua1 ! next g5]ation :i* _h n se5 ! wond]s ( ,god1 b 7 left to _! own weak reason1 n kn[+ !mselves oblig$ by ! cov5ant ( a sac]dotal k+dom1 reg>d$ no m ! comm&m5t ( ! prie/ nor any law ( ,moses1 b did e man t :i* 0 "r 9 8 own eyes1 & obey$ 9 civil affairs su* m51 z f "t to "t !y ?\ght able to deliv] !m f ! neighb\r nations t oppress$ !m2 & consult$ n ) ,god1 z !y ought to d1 b ) su* m5 or wom51 z !y guess$ to be prophets by _! pr$ictions ( ?+s to come2 & ?\gh !y _h an idol 9 _! *apel1 yet if !y _h a ,levite = _! *apla91 !y made acc\nt !y wor%ipp$ ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,& aft]w>ds :5 !y dem&$ a k+ aft] ! mann] ( ! nations2 yet x 0 n ) a design to dep>t f ! wor%ip ( ,god _! k+2 b despair+ ( ! ju/ice ( ! sons ( ,samuel1 !y w\ld h a k+ to judge !m 9 civil actions2 b n t !y w\ld all[ _! k+ to *ange ! religion :i* !y ?\ght 0 recomm5d$ to !m by ,moses4 ,s t !y always kept 9 /ore a pretext1 ei!r ( ju/ice or religion1 to dis*>ge !mselves ( _! ob$i5ce1 :5soev] !y _h hope to prevail4 ,samuel 0 displeas$ ) ! p1 = t !y desir$ a k+2 = ,god 0 _! k+ already1 & ,samuel _h b an au?ority "u him2 yet did ,samuel1 :5 ,saul obs]v$ n 8 c\nsel1 9 de/roy+ ,agag z ,god _h comm&$1 ano9t ano!r k+1 namely ,david1 to take ! succession f 8 heirs4 ,rehoboam 0 no idolat]2 b :5 ! p ?\ght him an oppressor1 t civil pret5ce c>ri$ f him t5 tribes to ,j]oboam an idolat]4 ,& g5]ally ?r\gh ! :ole hi/ory ( ! k+s1 z well ( ,judah z ( ,israel1 !re 7 prophets t always controll$ ! k+s1 = transgress+ ! religion2 & sometimes also = errors ( /ate2 z ,jehosaphat 0 reprov$ 7#b ,*ron4 xix4 #b7 by ! prophet ,jehu1 = aid+ ! k+ ( ,israel aga9/ ! ,syrians2 & ,hezekiah1 by ,isaiah1 7xxxix4 #c-g7 = %ew+ 8 treasures to ! ambassadors ( ,babylon4 ,by all :i* x appe>e?1 t ?\gh ! p[] bo? ( /ate & religion 7 9 ! k+s2 yet none ( !m 7 uncontroll$ 9 ! use ( x1 b su* z 7 graci\s = _! own natural abilities or felicities4 ,s t f ! practise ( ^? times1 !re c no argum5t be drawn1 t ! "r ( supremacy 9 religion 0 n 9 ! k+s1 unless we place x 9 ! prophets1 & conclude1 t because ,hezekiah pray+ to ! ,"l be=e ! *]ubims1 0 n answ]$ f !nce1 nor !n1 b aft]w>ds by ! prophet ,isaiah1 !re=e ,isaiah 0 supreme head ( ! *ur*2 or because ,josiah consult$ ,huldah ! prophetess1 conc]n+ ! ,book ( ! ,law1 t !re=e nei!r he nor ! high-prie/1 b ,huldah ! prophetess1 _h ! supreme au?ority 9 matt] ( religion2 :i* ,i ?9k is n ! op9ion ( any doctor4 ,sid5ote3 ,aft] ! captivity1 ! ,jews _h no settl$ commonweal?4 ,dur+ ! captivity1 ! ,jews _h no commonweal? at all3 & aft] _! return1 ?\gh !y r5ew$ _! cov5ant ) ,god1 yet !re 0 no promise made ( ob$i5ce1 nei!r to ,esdras1 nor to any o!r3 & pres5tly aft]1 !y became subjects to ! ,greeks1 f ^: cu/oms & demonology1 & f ! doctr9e ( ! ,cabali/s1 _! religion became mu* corrupt$3 9 su* sort z no?+ c be ga!r$ f _! confusion1 bo? 9 /ate & religion1 conc]n+ ! supremacy 9 ei!r4 ,& !re=e s f> =? z conc]ne? ! ,old ,te/am5t1 we may conclude1 t :osoev] _h ! sov]eignty ( ! commonweal? among/ ! ,jews1 ! same _h also ! supreme au?ority 9 matt] ( ,god's ext]nal wor%ip1 & repres5t$ ,god's p]son2 t is1 ! p]son ( ,god ! ,fa!r2 ?\gh he 7 n call$ by ! "n ( ,fa!r1 till su* "t z he s5t into ! _w 8 son ,jesus ,*ri/1 to r$eem mank9d f _! s9s1 & br+ !m into 8 ev]la/+ k+dom1 to be sav$ = ev]more4 ,( :i* we are to speak 9 ! *apt] foll[+4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xli4 ,,( ,,! ,,(fice ,,( ,,our ,,bless$ ,,savi\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,?ree p>ts ( ! (fice ( ,*ri/4 ,we f9d 9 ,holy ,scripture ?ree p>ts ( ! (fice ( ! ,messiah3 ! fir/ ( a ,r$eem] or ,savi\r2 ! second ( a pa/or1 c\nsellor1 or tea*]1 t is1 ( a prophet s5t f ,god to conv]t su* z ,god ha? elect$ to salvation3 ! ?ird ( a k+1 an et]nal k+1 b "u 8 ,fa!r1 z ,moses & ! high-prie/s 7 9 _! sev]al times4 ,& to ^! ?ree p>ts are correspond5t ?ree times4 ,= our r$emption he wr\ght at 8 fir/ com+1 by ! sacrifice :]e9 he (f]$ up himself = our s9s ^u ! cross3 our conv]sion he wr\ght p>tly !n 9 8 own p]son1 & p>tly worke? n[ by 8 m9i/]s1 & w cont9ue to "w till 8 com+ aga94 ,& aft] 8 com+ aga91 %all beg9 t 8 glori\s reign ov] 8 elect1 :i* is to la/ et]nally4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 (fice z a ,r$eem]4 ,to ! (fice ( a ,r$eem]1 t is1 ( "o t paye? ! ransom ( s91 :i* ransom is dea?1 x app]ta9e?1 t he 0 sacrific$1 & !reby b>e ^u 8 own head & c>ri$ away f u our iniquities1 9 su* sort z ,god _h requir$4 ,n t ! dea? ( "o man1 ?\gh )\t s91 c satisfy = ! (f5ces ( all m51 9 ! rig\r ( ju/ice1 b 9 ! m]cy ( ,god1 t orda9$ su* sacrifices = s91 z he 0 pleas$ 9 8 m]cy to accept4 ,9 ! old law 7z we may read1 ,levit4 xvi47 ! ,"l requir$ t !re %\ld1 e ye> once1 be made an atonem5t = ! s9s ( all ,israel1 bo? prie/s & o!rs2 = ! do+ :]e(1 ,a>on alone 0 to sacrifice = himself & ! prie/s a "y bullock2 & = ! re/ ( ! p1 he 0 to receive f !m two "y goats1 ( :i* he 0 to sacrifice "o2 b z = ! o!r1 :i* 0 ! scape-goat1 he 0 to lay 8 h&s on ! head !re(1 & by a confession ( ! iniquities ( ! p1 to lay !m all on t head1 & !n by "s opportune man1 to cause ! goat to be l$ into ! wild]ness1 & !re to escape1 & c>ry away ) him ! iniquities ( ! p4 ,z ! sacrifice ( ! "o goat 0 a suffici5t1 because an acceptable1 price = ! ransom ( all ,israel2 s ! dea? ( ! ,messiah1 is a suffici5t price = ! s9s ( all mank9d1 because !re 0 no m requir$4 ,our ,savi\r ,*ri/'s suff]+s seem to be "h figur$1 z cle>ly z 9 ! oblation ( ,isaac1 or 9 any o!r type ( him 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,he 0 bo? ! sacrific$ goat1 & ! scapegoat2 he 0 oppress$1 & he 0 afflict$ 7,isaiah liii4 #g72 he op5$ n 8 m\?2 he is br\ght z a lamb to ! slaught]1 & z a %eep is dumb be=e ! %e>]1 s he op5$ n 8 m\?3 "h he is ! sacrific$ goat4 ,he ha? borne our griefs 7v]se #d71 & c>ri$ our sorr[s3 & aga91 7v]se #f71 ! ,"l ha? laid ^u him ! iniquities ( u all3 & s he is ! scape-goat4 ,he 0 cut (f f ! l& ( ! liv+ 7v]4 #h7 = ! transgression ( my p3 !re aga9 he is ! sacrific$ goat4 ,& aga91 7v]se #aa7 he %all be> _! s9s3 he is ! scape goat4 ,?us is ! lamb ( ,god equival5t to bo? ^? goats2 sacrific$1 9 t he di$2 & escap+1 9 8 resurrection2 be+ rais$ opportunely by 8 ,fa!r1 & remov$ f ! habitation ( m5 9 8 asc5sion4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/'s k+dom n ( ?is _w4 ,= z mu* !re=e1 z he t r$eeme? ha? no title to ! ?+ r$eem$1 be=e ! r$emption1 & ransom paid2 & ?is ransom 0 ! dea? ( ! ,r$eem]2 x is manife/1 t our ,savi\r1 z man1 0 n k+ ( ^? t he r$eem$1 be=e he suff]$ dea?2 t is1 dur+ t "t he conv]s$ bodily on ! e>?4 ,i say1 he 0 n !n k+ 9 pres5t1 by virtue ( ! pact1 :i* ! fai?ful make ) him 9 baptism4 ,nev]!less1 by ! r5ew+ ( _! pact ) ,god 9 baptism1 !y 7 oblig$ to obey him = k+1 "u 8 ,fa!r1 :5soev] he %\ld be pleas$ to take ! k+dom ^u him4 ,accord+ :]eunto1 our ,savi\r himself expressly sai?1 7,john xviii4 #cf7 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w4 ,n[ see+ ! ,scripture make? m5tion b ( two worlds2 ?is t is n[1 & %all rema9 unto ! day ( judgm5t1 :i* is !re=e also call$ ! la/ day2 & t :i* %all be aft] ! day ( judgm5t1 :5 !re %all be a new heav51 & a new e>?3 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ is n to beg9 till ! g5]al resurrection4 ,& t is x :i* our ,savi\r sai?1 7,mat?4 xvi4 #bg7 ,! ,son ( man %all come 9 ! glory ( 8 ,fa!r1 ) 8 angels2 & !n he %all rew>d e man accord+ to 8 works4 ,to rew>d e man accord+ to 8 works1 is to execute ! (fice ( a k+2 & ?is is n to be till he come 9 ! glory ( 8 ,fa!r1 ) 8 angels4 ,:5 our ,savi\r sai?1 7,mat?4 xxiii4 #b1 #c7 ,! ,scribes & ,ph>isees sit 9 ,moses' seat2 all !re=e :atsoev] !y bid y d1 t obs]ve & d2 he decl>$ pla9ly1 t he ascrib$ k+ly p[]1 = t "t1 n to himself1 b to !m4 ,& s he do? also1 :]e he sai? 7,luke xii4 #ad7 ,:o made me a judge or divid] ov] y8 ,& 7,john xii4 #dg7 ,i came n to judge ! _w1 b to save ! _w4 ,& yet our ,savi\r came into ?is _w t he might be a k+ & a judge 9 ! _w to come3 = he 0 ! ,messiah1 t is1 ! ,*ri/1 t is1 ! ano9t$ prie/1 & ! sov]eign prophet ( ,god2 t is to say1 he 0 to h all ! p[] t 0 9 ,moses ! prophet1 9 ! high-prie/s t succe$$ ,moses1 & 9 ! k+s t succe$$ ! prie/s4 ,& ,/4 ,john says expressly 7*ap4 v4 v]se #bb7 ! ,fa!r judge? no man1 b ha? committ$ all judgm5t to ! ,son4 ,& ?is is n repugnant to t o!r place1 ,i came n to judge ! _w3 = ?is is spok5 ( ! _w pres5t1 ! o!r ( ! _w to come2 z also :]e x is said1 t at ! second com+ ( ,*ri/1 7,mat?4 xix4 #bh7 ,ye t h foll[$ me 9 ! reg5]ation1 :5 ! ,son ( ,man %all sit 9 ! ?rone ( 8 glory1 ye %all also sit on twelve ?rones1 judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel4 ,sid5ote3 ,! end ( ,*ri/'s com+ 0 to r5ew ! cov5ant ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 & to p]suade ! elect to embrace x1 :i* 0 ! second "p ( 8 (fice4 ,if !n ,*ri/1 :il/ he 0 on e>?1 _h no k+dom 9 ?is _w1 to :at end 0 8 fir/ com+8 ,x 0 to re/ore unto ,god1 by a new cov5ant1 ! k+dom1 :i* be+ 8 by ! old cov5ant1 _h be5 cut (f by ! rebellion ( ! ,israelites 9 ! election ( ,saul4 ,:i* to d1 he 0 to prea* unto !m1 t he 0 ! ,messiah1 t is1 ! k+ promis$ to !m by ! prophets2 & to (f] himself 9 sacrifice = ! s9s ( !m t %\ld by fai? submit !mselves !reto2 & 9 case ! nation g5]ally %\ld refuse him1 to call to 8 ob$i5ce su* z %\ld believe 9 him among/ ! ,g5tiles4 ,s t !re are two p>ts ( our ,savi\r's (fice dur+ 8 abode ^u ! e>?3 "o to proclaim himself ! ,*ri/2 & ano!r by tea*+1 & by work+ ( miracles1 to p]suade & prep>e m5 to live s1 z to be wor?y ( ! immortality believ]s 7 to enjoy1 at su* "t z he %\ld come 9 maje/y to take possession ( 8 ,fa!r's k+dom4 ,& !re=e x is1 t ! "t ( 8 prea*+ is (t5 by himself call$ ! reg5]ation2 :i* is n prop]ly a k+dom1 & !reby a w>rant to d5y ob$i5ce to ! magi/rates t !n 72 = he comm&$ to obey ^? t sat !n 9 ,moses' *air1 & to pay tribute to ,cs>2 b only an e>ne/ ( ! k+dom ( ,god t 0 to come1 to ^? to :om ,god _h giv5 ! grace to be 8 disciples1 & to believe 9 him2 = :i* cause ! godly are said to be already 9 ! k+dom ( grace1 z naturaliz$ 9 t heav5ly k+dom4 ,sid5ote3 ,! prea*+ ( ,*ri/ n contr>y to ! !n law ( ! ,jews1 nor ( ,cs>4 ,hi!rto1 !re=e1 !re is no?+ done or taught by ,*ri/1 t t5de? to ! dim9ution ( ! civil "r ( ! ,jews or ( ,cs>4 ,= z t\*+ ! commonweal? :i* !n 0 among/ ! ,jews1 bo? !y t b>e rule among/ !m1 & !y t 7 gov]n$1 did all expect ! ,messiah & k+dom ( ,god2 :i* !y c\ld n h done1 if _! laws _h =bidd5 him1 :5 he came1 to manife/ & decl>e himself4 ,see+ !re=e he did no?+1 b by prea*+ & miracles g ab\t to prove himself to be t ,messiah1 he did !re9 no?+ aga9/ _! laws4 ,! k+dom he claim$ 0 to be 9 ano!r _w3 he taught all m5 to obey 9 ! mean "t !m t sat 9 ,moses' seat3 he all[$ !m to give ,cs> 8 tribute1 & refus$ to take ^u himself to be a judge4 ,h[ !n c\ld 8 words or actions be s$iti\s1 or t5d to ! ov]?r[ ( _! !n civil gov]nm5t8 ,b ,god hav+ det]m9$ 8 sacrifice = ! r$uction ( 8 elect to _! =m] cov5ant$ ob$i5ce1 = ! means1 :]eby he w\ld br+ ! same to effect1 made use ( _! malice & +ratitude4 ,nor 0 x contr>y to ! laws ( ,cs>4 ,= ?\gh ,pilate himself1 to gratify ! ,jews1 deliv]$ him to be crucifi$2 yet be=e he did s1 he pron\nc$ op5ly1 t he f\nd no fault 9 him3 & put = title ( 8 condemnation1 n z ! ,jews requir$1 t he pret5d$ to be k+2 b simply1 t he 0 k+ ( ! ,jews2 & not)/&+ _! clam\r1 refus$ to alt] x2 say+1 ,:at ,i h writt51 ,i h writt54 ,sid5ote3 ,! ?ird "p ( 8 (fice 0 to be k+1 "u 8 ,fa!r1 ( ! elect4 ,z = ! ?ird "p ( 8 (fice1 :i* 0 to be k+1 ,i h already %ewn t 8 k+dom 0 n to beg9 till ! resurrection4 ,b !n he %all be k+1 n only z ,god1 9 :i* s5se he is k+ already1 & ev] %all be1 ( all ! e>?1 9 virtue ( 8 omnipot5ce2 b also peculi>ly ( 8 own elect1 by virtue ( ! pact !y make ) him 9 _! baptism4 ,& !re=e x is1 t our ,savi\r sai? 7,mat?4 xix4 #bh7 t 8 apo/les %\ld sit ^u twelve ?rones1 judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel1 ,:5 ! ,son ( ,man %all sit 9 ! ?rone ( 8 glory3 :]eby he signifi$ t he %\ld reign !n 9 8 human nature2 & 7,mat?4 xvi4 #bg7 ,! ,son ( ,man %all come 9 ! glory ( 8 ,fa!r1 ) 8 angels1 & !n he %all rew>d e man accord+ to 8 works4 ,! same we may read1 ,m>k xiii4 #bf1 & xiv4 #fb2 & m expressly = ! "t1 ,luke xxii4 #bi1 #cj1 ,i appo9t unto y a k+dom1 z my ,fa!r ha? appo9t$ to me1 t y may eat & dr9k at my table 9 my k+dom1 & sit on ?rones judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel4 ,by :i* x is manife/1 t ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ appo9t$ to him by 8 ,fa!r1 is n to be be=e ! ,son ( ,man %all come 9 glory1 & make 8 apo/les judges ( ! twelve tribes ( ,israel4 ,b a man may "h ask1 see+ !re is no m>riage 9 ! k+dom ( heav51 :e!r m5 %all !n eat & dr9k8 ,:at eat+ !re=e is meant 9 ?is place8 ,?is is exp\nd$ by our ,savi\r 7,john vi4 #bg71 :]e he sai?1 ,lab\r n = ! meat :i* p]i%e?1 b = t meat :i* endure? unto ev]la/+ life1 :i* ! ,son ( ,man %all give y4 ,s t by eat+ at ,*ri/'s table1 is meant ! eat+ ( ! tree ( life2 t is to say1 ! enjoy+ ( immortality1 9 ! k+dom ( ! ,son ( ,man4 ,by :i* places & _m m1 x is evid5t t our ,savi\r's k+dom is to be ex]cis$ by him 9 8 human nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/'s au?ority 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 subord9ate to t ( 8 ,fa!r4 ,aga91 he is to be k+ !n1 no o!rwise ?an z subord9ate or viceg]5t ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 z ,moses 0 9 ! wild]ness2 & z ! high-prie/s 7 be=e ! reign ( ,saul2 & z ! k+s 7 aft] x4 ,= x is "o ( ! prophecies conc]n+ ,*ri/1 t he %\ld be l1 9 (fice1 to ,moses3 ,i w raise !m up a prophet1 sai? ! ,"l 7,deut4 xviii4 #ah7 f among/ _! bre?r51 l unto !e1 & w put my words into 8 m\?2 & ?is similitude ) ,moses1 is also app>5t 9 ! actions ( our ,savi\r himself1 :il/ he 0 conv]sant on e>?4 ,= z ,moses *ose twelve pr9ces ( ! tribes1 to gov]n "u him2 s did our ,savi\r *oose twelve apo/les1 :o %all sit on twelve ?rones1 & judge ! twelve tribes ( ,israel4 ,& z ,moses au?oriz$ sev5ty eld]s1 to receive ! ,_s ( ,god1 & to prophecy to ! p1 t is1 z ,i h said be=e1 to speak unto !m 9 ! "n ( ,god2 s our ,savi\r also orda9$ sev5ty disciples1 to prea* 8 k+dom & salvation to all nations4 ,& z :5 a compla9t 0 made to ,moses1 aga9/ ^? ( ! sev5ty t propheci$ 9 ! camp ( ,israel1 he ju/ifi$ !m 9 x1 z be+ subs]vi5t !re9 to 8 gov]nm5t2 s also our ,savi\r1 :5 ,/4 ,john compla9$ to him ( a c]ta9 man t ca/ out devils 9 8 "n1 ju/ifi$ him !re91 say+1 7,luke ix4 #ej7 ,=bid him n1 = he t is n aga9/ u1 is on our "p4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/'s au?ority 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 subord9ate to t ( 8 ,fa!r4 ,aga91 our ,savi\r resembl$ ,moses 9 ! in/itution ( sacram5ts1 bo? ( admission into ! k+dom ( ,god1 & ( commemoration ( 8 deliv]ance ( 8 elect f _! mis]able condition4 ,z ! *ildr5 ( ,israel _h = sacram5t ( _! reception into ! k+dom ( ,god1 be=e ! "t ( ,moses1 ! rite ( circumcision1 :i* rite hav+ be5 omitt$ 9 ! wild]ness1 0 aga9 re/or$ z soon z !y came into ! ,l& ( ,promise2 s also ! ,jews1 be=e ! com+ ( our ,savi\r1 _h a rite ( baptiz+1 t is1 ( wa%+ ) wat]1 all ^? t be+ ,g5tiles embrac$ ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,?is rite ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ us$ 9 ! reception ( all !m t gave _! names to ! ,*ri/1 :om he prea*$ to be already come into ! _w2 & our ,savi\r in/itut$ ! same = a sacram5t to be tak5 by all t believ$ 9 him4 ,f :at cause ! rite ( baptism fir/ proce$$1 is n express$ =mally 9 ! ,scripture2 b x may be probably ?\ght to be an imitation ( ! law ( ,moses1 conc]n+ leprosy2 :]e9 ! lepr\s man 0 comm&$ to be kept out ( ! camp ( ,israel = a c]ta9 "t2 aft] :i* "t be+ judg$ by ! prie/ to be clean1 he 0 admitt$ into ! camp aft] a solemn wa%+4 ,& ?is may !re=e be a type ( ! wa%+ 9 baptism2 :]e9 su* m5 z are cleans$ ( ! leprosy ( s9 by fai?1 are receiv$ into ! ,*ur* ) ! solemnity ( baptism4 ,!re is ano!r conjecture1 drawn f ! c]emonies ( ! ,g5tiles1 9 a c]ta9 case t r>ely happ5s3 & t is1 :5 a man t 0 ?\ght dead *anc$ to recov]1 o!r m5 made scruple to conv]se ) him1 z !y w\ld d to conv]se ) a gho/1 unless he 7 receiv$ aga9 into ! numb] ( m5 by wa%+1 z *ildr5 new-born 7 wa%$ f ! uncleanness ( _! nativity2 :i* 0 a k9d ( new bir?4 ,?is c]emony ( ! ,greeks1 9 ! "t t ,judea 0 "u ! dom9ion ( ,alex&] & ! ,greeks 8 successors1 may probably en\gh h crept into ! religion ( ! ,jews4 ,b see+ x is n likely our ,savi\r w\ld c\nt5ance a hea!n rite1 x is mo/ likely x proce$$ f ! legal c]emony ( wa%+ aft] leprosy4 ,& = ! o!r sacram5t ( eat+ ! ,pas*al lamb1 x is manife/ly imitat$ 9 ! sacram5t ( ! ,"l's ,supp]2 9 :i* ! break+ ( ! bread1 & ! p\r+ out ( ! w9e1 d keep 9 memory our deliv]ance f ! mis]y ( s91 by ,*ri/'s passion1 z ! eat+ ( ! ,pas*al lamb kept 9 memory ! deliv]ance ( ! ,jews out ( ! bondage ( ,egypt4 ,see+ !re=e ! au?ority ( ,moses 0 b subord9ate1 & he b a lieut5ant ( ,god2 x foll[e? t ,*ri/1 ^: au?ority1 z man1 0 to be l t ( ,moses1 0 no m b subord9ate to ! au?ority ( 8 ,fa!r4 ,! same is m expressly signifi$1 by t t he tea*e? u to pray1 ,our ,fa!r1 let ?y k+dom come2 &1 ,= ?9e is ! k+dom1 ! p[] & ! glory2 & by t x is said1 t ,he %all come 9 ! glory ( 8 ,fa!r2 & by t :i* ,/4 ,paul sai?1 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #bd7 !n come? ! end1 :5 he %all h deliv]$ up ! k+dom to ,god1 ev5 ! ,fa!r2 & by _m o!r mo/ express places4 ,sid5ote3 ,"o & ! same ,god is ! p]son repres5t$ by ,moses & ,*ri/4 ,our ,savi\r1 !re=e1 bo? 9 tea*+ & reign+1 repres5te?1 z ,moses did1 ! p]son ( ,god2 :i* ,god f t "t =w>d1 b n be=e1 is call$ ! ,fa!r2 & be+ /ill "o & ! same sub/ance1 is "o p]son z repres5t$ by ,moses1 & ano!r p]son z repres5t$ by 8 son ! ,*ri/4 ,= p]son be+ a relative to a repres5t]1 x is consequ5t to plurality ( repres5t]s1 t !re be a plurality ( p]sons1 ?\gh ( "o & ! same sub/ance4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xlii4 ,,( ,,p[] ,,ecclesia/ical4 ,= ! und]/&+ ( ,,p[] ,,ecclesia/ical1 :at1 & 9 :om x is1 we are to di/+ui% ! "t f ! asc5sion ( our ,savi\r1 into two p>ts2 "o be=e ! conv]sion ( k+s1 & m5 endu$ ) sov]eign civil p[]2 ! o!r aft] _! conv]sion4 ,= x 0 long aft] ! asc5sion1 be=e any k+ or civil sov]eign embrac$ & publicly all[$ ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ian religion4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! holy _s t fell on ! apo/les4 ,& = ! "t betwe51 x is manife/1 t ! p[] ecclesia/ical 0 9 ! apo/les2 & aft] !m 9 su* z 7 by !m orda9$ to prea* ! gospel1 & to conv]t m5 to ,*ri/ianity1 & to direct !m t 7 conv]t$ 9 ! way ( salvation2 & aft] ^!1 ! p[] 0 deliv]$ aga9 to o!rs by ^! orda9$1 & ?is 0 done by imposition ( h&s ^u su* z 7 orda9$2 by :i* 0 signifi$ ! giv+ ( ! ,holy ,_s1 or ,_s ( ,god1 to ^? :om !y orda9$ m9i/]s ( ,god1 to advance 8 k+dom4 ,s t imposition ( h&s 0 no?+ else b ! seal ( _! commission to prea* ,*ri/1 & tea* 8 doctr9e2 & ! giv+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ by t c]emony ( imposition ( h&s1 0 an imitation ( t :i* ,moses did4 ,= ,moses us$ ! same c]emony to 8 m9i/] ,jo%ua1 z we read 7,deut4 xxxiv4 #i7 ,& ,jo%ua ! son ( ,nun 0 full ( ! _s ( wisdom2 = ,moses _h laid 8 h&s ^u him4 ,our ,savi\r !re=e1 betwe5 8 resurrection & asc5sion1 gave 8 _s to ! apo/les2 fir/1 by brea?+ on !m1 & say+1 7,john xx4 #bb7 ,receive ye ! ,holy ,_s2 & aft] 8 asc5sion 7,acts ii4 #b1 #c7 by s5d+ d[n ^u !m a mighty w9d1 & clov5 tongues ( fire2 & n by imposition ( h&s2 z nei!r did ,god lay 8 h&s on ,moses3 & 8 apo/les aft]w>d transmitt$ ! same _s by imposition ( h&s1 z ,moses did to ,jo%ua4 ,s t x is manife/ h]eby1 9 :om ! p[] ecclesia/ical cont9ually rema9$1 9 ^? fir/ times :]e !re 0 n any ,*ri/ian commonweal?2 namely1 9 !m t receiv$ ! same f ! apo/les1 by successive lay+ on ( h&s4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! ,tr9ity4 ,"h we h ! p]son ( ,god born n[ ! ?ird "t4 ,= z ,moses1 & ! high-prie/s1 7 ,god's repres5tative 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 & our ,savi\r himself1 z man1 dur+ 8 abode on e>?3 s ! ,holy ,gho/1 t is to say ! apo/les & _! successors1 9 ! (fice ( prea*+ & tea*+1 t _h receiv$ ! holy ,_s1 h repres5t$ him ev] s9ce4 ,b a p]son1 z ,i h %[n be=e1 7*ap4 ,,xiii47 is he t is repres5t$1 z (t5 z he is repres5t$2 & !re=e ,god1 :o has be5 repres5t$1 t is p]sonat$1 ?rice1 may prop]ly en\gh be said to be ?ree p]sons2 ?\gh nei!r ! ^w ,p]son1 nor ,tr9ity1 be ascrib$ to him 9 ! ,bible4 ,/4 ,john1 inde$ 7#a ,epi/4 v4 #g7 sai?1 ,!re be ?ree t be> witness 9 heav51 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,^w1 & ! ,holy ,_s2 & ^! ?ree are ,"o4 ,b ?is disagree? n1 b accorde? fitly ) ?ree p]sons 9 ! prop] signification ( p]sons2 :i* is1 t :i* is repres5t$ by ano!r4 ,= s ,god ! ,fa!r1 z repres5t$ by ,moses1 is "o p]son2 & z repres5t$ by 8 ,son1 ano!r p]son2 & z repres5t$ by ! apo/les1 & by ! doctors t taught by au?ority f !m d]iv$1 is a ?ird p]son2 & yet e p]son "h1 is ! p]son ( "o & ! same ,god4 ,b a man may "h ask1 :at x 0 :]e( ^! ?ree be> witness4 ,/4 ,john !re=e tells u 7v]se #aa7 t !y be> witness1 t ,god ha? giv5 u et]nal life 9 8 ,son4 ,aga91 if x %\ld be ask$1 :]e9 t te/imony appe>e?1 ! answ] is easy2 = he ha? te/ifi$ ! same by ! miracles he wr\ght1 fir/ by ,moses2 secondly1 by 8 ,son himself2 & la/ly by 8 apo/les1 t _h receiv$ ! ,holy ,_s2 all :i* 9 _! times repres5t$ ! p]son ( ,god1 & ei!r propheci$ or prea*$ ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& z = ! apo/les1 x 0 ! "* ( ! apo/le%ip1 9 ! twelve fir/ & great apo/les1 to be> witness ( 8 resurrection2 z appe>e? expressly 7,acts i4 #ba1 #bb71 :]e ,/4 ,pet]1 :5 a new apo/le 0 to be *os5 9 ! place ( ,judas ,isc>iot1 use? ^! words1 ,( ^! m5 :i* h compani$ ) u all ! "t t ! ,"l ,jesus w5t 9 & out among/ u1 beg9n+ at ! baptism ( ,john1 unto t same day t he 0 tak5 up f u1 mu/ "o be orda9$ to be a witness ) u ( 8 resurrection3 :i* words int]pret ! be>+ ( witness1 m5tion$ by ,/4 ,john4 ,!re is 9 ! same place m5tion$ ano!r ,tr9ity ( witnesses 9 e>?4 ,= 7#a ,john v4 #h7 he sai?1 !re are ?ree t be> witness 9 e>?1 ! ,_s1 & ! wat]1 & ! blood1 & ^! ?ree agree 9 "o3 t is to say1 ! graces ( ,god's _s1 & ! two sacram5ts1 baptism1 & ! ,"l's supp]1 :i* all agree 9 "o te/imony to assure ! consci5ces ( believ]s1 ( et]nal life2 ( :i* te/imony he sai? 7v]se #aj7 ,he t believe? on ! ,son ( man ha? ! witness 9 himself4 ,9 ?is ,tr9ity on e>?1 ! unity is n ( ! ?+2 = ! _s1 ! wat]1 & ! blood1 are n ! same sub/ance1 ?\gh !y give ! same te/imony3 b 9 ! ,tr9ity ( heav51 ! p]sons are ! p]sons ( "o & ! same ,god1 ?\gh repres5t$ 9 ?ree diff]5t times & occasions4 ,to conclude1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 z f> z c be ga!r$ directly f ! ,scripture1 is 9 sub/ance ?is1 t ! ,god :o is always "o & ! same1 0 ! p]son repres5t$ by ,moses2 ! p]son repres5t$ by 8 ,son inc>nate2 & ! p]son repres5t$ by ! apo/les4 ,z repres5t$ by ! apo/les1 ! ,holy ,_s1 by :i* !y spake1 is ,god2 z repres5t$ by 8 ,son1 t 0 ,god & man1 ! ,son is t ,god2 z repres5t$ by ,moses & ! high-prie/s1 ! ,fa!r1 t is to say1 ! ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 is t ,god4 ,f :5ce we may ga!r ! reason :y ^? names ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s1 9 ! signification ( ! ,godhead1 are nev] us$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t3 = !y are p]sons1 t is1 !y h _! names f repres5t+2 :i* c\ld n be1 till div]s m5 _h repres5t$ ,god's p]son 9 rul+ or 9 direct+ "u him4 ,?us we see h[ ! p[] ecclesia/ical 0 left by our ,savi\r to ! apo/les2 & h[ !y 71 to ! end !y might ! bett] ex]cise t p[]1 endu$ ) ! ,holy ,_s1 :i* is !re=e call$ sometimes 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t p>acletus1 :i* signifie? an assi/]1 or "o call$ to = help1 ?\gh x be commonly translat$ a com=t]4 ,let u n[ consid] ! p[] itself1 :at x 01 & ov] :om4 ,sid5ote3 ,! p[] ecclesia/ical is b ! p[] to tea*4 ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e1 9 8 ?ird g5]al controv]sy1 ha? h&l$ a great _m que/ions conc]n+ ! ecclesia/ical p[] ( ! pope ( ,rome2 & beg9s ) ?is1 :e!r x ought to be mon>*ical1 ari/ocratical1 or democratical3 all :i* sorts ( p[] are sov]eign & co]cive4 ,if n[ x %\ld appe>1 t !re is no co]cive p[] left !m by our ,savi\r1 b only a p[] to proclaim ! k+dom ( ,*ri/1 & to p]suade m5 to submit !mselves !reunto2 & by precepts & good c\nsel1 to tea* !m t h submitt$1 :at !y are to d1 t !y may be receiv$ into ! k+dom ( ,god :5 x comes2 & t ! apo/les1 & o!r m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 are our s*oolma/]s1 & n our comm&]s1 & _! precepts n laws1 b :olesome c\nsels3 !n 7 all t dispute 9 va94 ,sid5ote3 ,an argum5t !re(1 ! p[] ( ,*ri/ himself4 ,i h %[n already1 9 ! la/ *apt]1 t ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ is n ( ?is _w3 !re=e nei!r c 8 m9i/]s1 unless !y be k+s1 require ob$i5ce 9 8 "n4 ,= if ! supreme k+ h n 8 regal p[] 9 ?is _w2 by :at au?ority c ob$i5ce be requir$ to 8 (fic]s8 ,z my ,fa!r s5t me1 s sai? our ,savi\r1 7,john xx4 #ba7 ,i s5d y4 ,b our ,savi\r 0 s5t to p]suade ! ,jews to return to1 & to invite ! ,g5tiles to receive1 ! k+dom ( 8 ,fa!r1 & n to reign 9 maje/y1 no n z 8 ,fa!r's lieut5ant1 till ! day ( judgm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,f ! "n ( reg5]ation4 ,! "t betwe5 ! asc5sion & ! g5]al resurrection1 is call$1 n a reign+1 b a reg5]ation2 t is1 a prep>ation ( m5 = ! second & glori\s com+ ( ,*ri/1 at ! day ( judgm5t2 z appe>e? by ! words ( our ,savi\r1 7,mat?4 xix4 #bh17 ,y t h foll[$ me 9 ! reg5]ation1 :5 ! ,son ( man %all sit 9 ! ?rone ( 8 glory1 y %all also sit ^u twelve ?rones2 & ( ,/4 ,paul 7,ephes4 vi4 #ae7 ,hav+ y\r feet %od ) ! prep>ation ( ! gospel ( peace4 ,sid5ote3 ,f ! comp>ison ( x1 ) fi%+1 leav51 se$4 ,& is comp>$ by our ,savi\r1 to fi%+1 t is1 to w9n+ m5 to ob$i5ce1 n by co]cion & puni%+1 b by p]suasion3 & !re=e he said n to 8 apo/les1 he w\ld make !m s _m ,nimrods1 hunt]s ( m52 b fi%]s ( m54 ,x is comp>$ also to leav51 to s[+ ( se$1 & to ! multiplication ( a gra9 ( mu/>d-se$2 by all :i* compulsion is exclud$2 & consequ5tly !re c 9 t "t be no actual reign+4 ,! "w ( ,*ri/'s m9i/]s1 is evangelization2 t is1 a proclamation ( ,*ri/1 & a prep>ation = 8 second com+1 z ! evangelization ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 0 a prep>ation to 8 fir/ com+4 ,sid5ote3 ,f ! nature ( fai?4 ,aga91 ! (fice ( ,*ri/'s m9i/]s 9 ?is _w1 is to make m5 believe & h fai? 9 ,*ri/2 b fai? ha? no relation to1 nor dep5dance at all ^u compulsion or comm&m5t2 b only ^u c]ta9ty or probability ( argum5ts drawn f reason1 or f some?+ m5 believe already4 ,!re=e ! m9i/]s ( ,*ri/ 9 ?is _w1 h no p[]1 by t title1 to puni% any man = n believ+ or = contradict+ :at !y say2 !y h ,i say no p[] by t title ( ,*ri/'s m9i/]s1 to puni% su*2 b if !y h sov]eign civil p[]1 by politic in/itution1 !n !y may inde$ lawfully puni% any contradiction to _! laws :atsoev]3 & ,/4 ,paul1 ( himself & o!r ! !n prea*]s ( ! gospel1 sai? 9 express words 7#b ,cor4 i4 #bd71 ,we h no dom9ion ov] y\r fai?1 b are help]s ( y\r joy4 ,sid5ote3 ,f ! au?ority ,*ri/ ha? left to civil pr9ces4 ,ano!r argum5t1 t ! m9i/]s ( ,*ri/ 9 ?is pres5t _w h no "r ( comm&+1 may be drawn f ! lawful au?ority :i* ,*ri/ ha? left to all pr9ces1 z well ,*ri/ians z infidels4 ,/4 ,paul sai? 7,col4 iii4 #bj7 ,*ildr5 obey y\r p>5ts 9 all ?+s2 = ?is is well pleas+ to ! ,"l3 & 7v]se #bb7 ,s]vants1 obey 9 all ?+s y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%2 n ) eye-s]vice1 z m5-pleas]s1 b 9 s+l5ess ( he>t1 z fe>+ ! ,"l2 ?is is spok5 to !m ^: ma/]s 7 infidels2 & yet !y are bidd5 to obey !m 9 all ?+s4 ,& aga91 conc]n+ ob$i5ce to pr9ces 7,rom4 xiii4 ! fir/ six v]ses71 exhort+ to be subject to ! high] p[]s1 he sai?1 t all p[] is orda9$ ( ,god2 & t we ought to be subject to !m1 n only = fe> ( incurr+ _! wra?1 b also = consci5ce sake4 ,& ,/4 ,pet] 7#a ,epi/le ii4 #ac1 #ad1 #ae71 ,submit y\rselves to e ord9ance ( man1 = ! ,"l's sake1 :e!r x be to ! k+1 z supreme2 or unto gov]nors1 z to !m t be s5t by him = ! puni%m5t ( evil do]s1 & = ! praise ( !m t d well2 = s is ! w ( ,god4 ,& aga9 ,/4 ,paul 7,titus iii4 #a71 ,put m5 9 m9d to be subject to pr9cipalities & p[]s1 & to obey magi/rates4 ,^! pr9ces & p[]s1 :]e( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul "h speak1 7 all infidels3 mu* m !re=e we are to obs]ve ^? ,*ri/ians1 :om ,god ha? orda9$ to h sov]eign p[] ov] u4 ,h[ !n c we be oblig$ to obey any m9i/] ( ,*ri/1 if he %\ld comm& u to d any?+ contr>y to ! comm& ( ! k+1 or o!r sov]eign repres5tant ( ! commonweal? :]e( we are memb]s1 & by :om we look to be protect$8 ,x is !re=e manife/1 t ,*ri/ ha? n left to 8 m9i/]s 9 ?is _w1 unless !y be also endu$ ) civil au?ority1 any au?ority to comm& o!r m54 ,sid5ote3 ,:at ,*ri/ians may d to avoid p]secution4 ,b :at1 may "s object1 if a k+1 or a s5ate1 or o!r sov]eign p]son =bid u to believe 9 ,*ri/8 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 t su* =bidd+ is ( no effect2 because belief & unbelief nev] foll[ m5's comm&s4 ,fai? is a gift ( ,god1 :i* man c nei!r give1 nor take away by promise ( rew>ds1 or m5aces ( torture4 ,& if x be fur!r ask$1 :at if we be comm&$ by our lawful pr9ce to say ) our tongue1 we believe n2 mu/ we obey su* comm&8 ,pr(ession ) ! tongue is b an ext]nal ?+1 & no m ?an any o!r ge/ure :]eby we signify our ob$i5ce2 & :]e9 a ,*ri/ian1 hold+ firmly 9 8 he>t ! fai? ( ,*ri/1 ha? ! same lib]ty :i* ! prophet ,eli%a all[$ to ,naaman ! ,syrian4 ,naaman 0 conv]t$ 9 8 he>t to ! ,god ( ,israel2 = he sai? 7#b ,k+s v4 #ag1 #ah7 ,?y s]vant w h5ce=? (f] nei!r burnt (f]+ nor sacrifice unto o!r gods1 b unto ! ,"l4 ,9 ?is ?+ ! ,"l p>don ?y s]vant1 t :5 my ma/] goe? into ! h\se ( ,rimmon to wor%ip !re1 & he leane? on my h&1 & ,i b[ myself 9 ! h\se ( ,rimmon3 :5 ,i b[ d[n myself 9 ! h\se ( ,rimmon1 ! ,"l p>don ?y s]vant 9 ?is ?+4 ,?is ! prophet approv$1 & bid him ,g 9 peace4 ,"h ,naaman believ$ 9 8 he>t2 b by b[+ be=e ! idol ,rimmon1 he d5i$ ! true ,god 9 effect1 z mu* z if he _h done x ) 8 lips4 ,b !n :at %all we answ] to our ,savi\r's say+1 7,mat?4 x4 #cc7 ,:osoev] d5ie? me be=e m51 ,i w d5y him be=e my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav54 ,?is we may say1 t :atsoev] a subject1 z ,naaman 01 is compell$ to d 9 ob$i5ce to 8 sov]eign1 & do? x n 9 ord] to 8 own m9d1 b 9 ord] to ! laws ( 8 c\ntry1 t action is n 81 b 8 sov]eign's2 nor is x he t 9 ?is case d5ie? ,*ri/ be=e m51 b 8 gov]nor1 & ! law ( 8 c\ntry4 ,if any man %all accuse ?is doctr9e1 z repugnant to true & unfeign$ ,*ri/ianity2 ,i ask him1 9 case !re %\ld be a subject 9 any ,*ri/ian commonweal?1 t %\ld be inw>dly 9 8 he>t ( ! ,mahom$an religion1 :e!r if 8 sov]eign comm& him to be pres5t at ! div9e s]vice ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 & t on pa9 ( dea?1 he ?9k t ,mahom$an oblig$ 9 consci5ce to suff] dea? = t cause1 r ?an obey t comm& ( 8 lawful pr9ce4 ,if he say1 he ought r to suff] dea?1 !n he au?orize? all private m5 to disobey _! pr9ces 9 ma9t5ance ( _! religion1 true or false3 if he say1 he ought to be ob$i5t1 !n he all[e? to himself t :i* he d5ie? to ano!r1 contr>y to ! words ( our ,savi\r1 7,luke vi4 #ca7 ,:atsoev] y w\ld t m5 %\ld d unto y1 t d ye unto !m2 & contr>y to ! law ( nature1 :i* is ! indubitable ev]la/+ law ( ,god1 ,d n to ano!r1 t :i* ?\ w\lde/ n he %\ld d unto !e4 ,sid5ote3 ,( m>tyrs4 ,b :at !n %all we say ( all ^? m>tyrs we read ( 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 t !y h ne$lessly ca/ away _! lives8 ,= answ] h]eunto1 we are to di/+ui% ! p]sons t h be5 = t cause put to dea?3 :]e( "s h receiv$ a call+ to prea*1 & pr(ess ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ op5ly2 o!rs h _h no su* call+1 nor m has be5 requir$ ( !m ?an _! own fai?4 ,! =m] sort1 if !y h be5 put to dea?1 = be>+ witness to ?is po9t1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ris5 f ! dead1 7 true m>tyrs2 = a m>tyr is1 7to give ! true def9ition ( ! ^w7 a witness ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus ! ,messiah2 :i* none c be b ^? t conv]s$ ) him on e>?1 & saw him aft] he 0 ris53 = a witness mu/ h se5 :at he te/ifie?1 or else 8 te/imony is n good4 ,& t none b su* c prop]ly be call$ m>tyrs ( ,*ri/1 is manife/ out ( ! words ( ,/4 ,pet]1 7,acts i4 #ba1 #bb7 ,:]e=e ( ^! m5 :i* h compani$ ) u all ! "t t ! ,"l ,jesus w5t 9 & out among/ u1 beg9n+ f ! baptism ( ,john unto t same day he 0 tak5 up f u1 mu/ "o be orda9$ to be a m>tyr 7t is a witness7 ) u ( 8 resurrection3 :]e we may obs]ve1 t he :i* is to be a witness ( ! tru? ( ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 t is to say1 ( ! tru? ( ?is fundam5tal article ( ,*ri/ian religion1 t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/1 mu/ be "s disciple t conv]s$ ) him1 & saw him be=e & aft] 8 resurrection2 & consequ5tly mu/ be "o ( 8 orig9al disciples3 :]eas !y :i* 7 n s1 c witness no m b t _! antecessors said x1 & are !re=e b witnesses ( o!r m5's te/imony2 & are b second m>tyrs1 or m>tyrs ( ,*ri/'s witnesses4 ,he1 t to ma9ta9 e doctr9e :i* he himself drawe? out ( ! hi/ory ( our ,savi\r's life1 & ( ! ,acts or ,epi/les ( ! apo/les1 or :i* he believe? ^u ! au?ority ( a private man1 w oppose ! laws & au?ority ( ! civil /ate1 is v f> f be+ a m>tyr ( ,*ri/1 or a m>tyr ( 8 m>tyrs4 ,x is "o article only1 :i* to die =1 m]ite? s hon\rable a "n2 & t article is ?is1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/2 t is to say1 ,he t ha? r$eem$ u1 & %all come aga9 to give u salvation1 & et]nal life 9 8 glori\s k+dom4 ,to die = e t5et t s]ve? ! ambition or pr(it ( ! cl]gy1 is n requir$2 nor is x ! dea? ( ! witness1 b ! te/imony itself t makes ! m>tyr3 = ! ^w signifie? no?+ else1 b ! man t be>e? witness1 :e!r he be put to dea? = 8 te/imony1 or n4 ,also he t is n s5t to prea* ?is fundam5tal article1 b take? x ^u him ( 8 private au?ority1 ?\gh he be a witness1 & consequ5tly a m>tyr1 ei!r prim>y ( ,*ri/1 or second>y ( 8 apo/les1 disciples1 or _! successors2 yet is he n oblig$ to suff] dea? = t cause2 because be+ n call$ !reto1 x is n requir$ at 8 h&s2 nor ought he to compla91 if he lose? ! rew>d he expecte? f ^? t nev] set him on "w4 ,none !re=e c be a m>tyr1 nei!r ( ! fir/ nor second degree1 t h n a w>rant to prea* ,*ri/ come 9 ! fle%2 t is to say1 none1 b su* z are s5t to ! conv]sion ( infidels4 ,= no man is a witness to him t already believe?1 & !re=e ne$s no witness2 b to !m t d5y1 or d\bt1 or h n he>d x4 ,*ri/ s5t 8 apo/les1 & 8 sev5ty disciples1 ) au?ority to prea*2 he s5t n all t believ$4 ,& he s5t !m to unbeliev]s2 ,i s5d y1 sai? he1 7,mat?4 x4 #af7 z %eep among/ wolves2 n z %eep to o!r %eep4 ,sid5ote3 ,argum5t f ! po9ts ( _! commission4 ,la/ly1 ! po9ts ( _! commission1 z !y are expressly set d[n 9 ! gospel1 conta91 none ( !m1 any au?ority ov] ! congregation4 ,sid5ote3 ,to prea*2 ,we h fir/ 7,mat?4 x4 #f1 #g71 t ! twelve apo/les 7 s5t to ! lo/ %eep ( ! h\se ( ,israel1 & comm&$ to prea* t ! k+dom ( ,god 0 at h&4 ,n[ prea*+1 9 ! orig9al1 is t act1 :i* a cri]1 h]ald1 or o!r (fic] use? to d publicly 9 proclaim+ ( a k+4 ,b a cri] ha? n "r to comm& any man4 ,& 7,luke x4 #b7 ! sev5ty disciples are s5t out z ,lab\r]s1 n z ,lords ( ! h>ve/2 & are bidd5 7v]se #i7 to say1 ,! k+dom ( ,god is come nigh unto y2 & by k+dom "h is meant1 n ! k+dom ( grace1 b ! k+dom ( glory2 = !y are bidd5 7v]se #aa1 #ab7 to d5\nce x to ^? cities :i* %all n receive !m1 z a ?reat5+ t x %all be m tol]able 9 t day = ,sodom1 ?an = su* a city4 ,& 7,mat?4 xx4 #bh7 our ,savi\r telle? 8 disciples1 t s\ght priority ( place1 _! (fice 0 to m9i/]1 ev5 z ! son ( man came1 n to be m9i/]$ unto1 b to m9i/]4 ,prea*]s !re=e h n magi/]ial1 b m9i/]ial p[]3 ,be n call$ ma/]s1 sai? our ,savi\r1 7,mat?4 xxiii4 #aj7 = "o is y\r ma/]1 ev5 ,*ri/4 ,sid5ote3 ,& tea*2 ,ano!r po9t ( _! commission1 is1 to ,tea* all nations2 z x is 9 ,/4 ,mat?4 xxviii4 #ai1 or z 9 ,/4 ,m>k1 xvi4 #ae2 ,g into all ! _w1 & prea* ! gospel to e creature4 ,tea*+ !re=e1 & prea*+1 is ! same ?+4 ,= !y t proclaim ! com+ ( a k+1 mu/ )al make kn[n by :at "r he come?1 if !y mean m5 %all submit !mselves unto him3 z ,/4 ,paul did to ! ,jews ( ,!ssalonica1 :5 7,acts xvii4 #b1 #c7 ?ree ,sabba? days he reason$ ) !m out ( ! ,scriptures1 op5+1 & alleg+ t ,*ri/ mu/ ne$s h suff]$1 & ris5 aga9 f ! dead1 & t ?is ,jesus is ,*ri/4 ,b to tea* out ( ! ,old ,te/am5t t ,jesus 0 ,*ri/1 t is to say1 k+1 & ris5 f ! dead1 is n to say t m5 are b\nd1 aft] !y believe x1 to obey ^? t tell !m s1 aga9/ ! laws & comm&s ( _! sov]eigns2 b t !y %all d wisely1 to expect ! com+ ( ,*ri/ h]eaft]1 9 pati5ce & fai?1 ) ob$i5ce to _! pres5t magi/rates4 ,sid5ote3 ,to baptize2 ,ano!r po9t ( _! commission1 is to baptize1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,:at is baptism8 ,dipp+ into wat]4 ,b :at is x to dip a man into ! wat] 9 ! "n ( any?+8 ,! mean+ ( ^! words ( baptism is ?is4 ,he t is baptiz$1 is dipp$ or wa%$1 z a sign ( becom+ a new man1 & a loyal subject to t ,god1 ^: p]son 0 repres5t$ 9 old "t by ,moses1 & ! high-prie/s1 :5 he reign$ ov] ! ,jews2 & to ,jesus ,*ri/ 8 ,son1 ,god & ,man1 t ha? r$eem$ u1 & %all 9 8 human nature repres5t 8 ,fa!r's p]son 9 8 et]nal k+dom aft] ! resurrection2 & to ackn[l$ge ! doctr9e ( ! apo/les1 :o1 assi/$ by ! _s ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son1 7 left = guides to br+ u into t k+dom1 to be ! only & assur$ way !reunto4 ,?is be+ our promise 9 baptism2 & ! au?ority ( e>?ly sov]eigns be+ n to be put d[n till ! day ( judgm5t2 = t is expressly affirm$ by ,/4 ,paul 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #bb1 #bc1 #bd7 :]e he sai?1 ,z 9 ,adam all die1 s 9 ,*ri/ all %all be made alive4 ,b e man 9 8 own ord]1 ,*ri/ ! fir/ fruits1 aft]w>d !y t are ,*ri/'s at 8 com+2 !n come? ! end1 :5 he %all h deliv]$ up ! k+dom to ,god1 ev5 ! ,fa!r1 :5 he %all h put d[n all rule1 & all au?ority & p[]3 x is manife/1 t we d n 9 baptism con/itute ov] u ano!r au?ority1 by :i* our ext]nal actions are to be gov]n$ 9 ?is life2 b promise to take ! doctr9e ( ! apo/les = our direction 9 ! way to life et]nal4 ,sid5ote3 ,& to =give1 & reta9 s9s4 ,! p[] ( remission & ret5tion ( s9s1 call$ also ! p[] ( loos+ & b9d+1 & sometimes ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav51 is a consequ5ce ( ! au?ority to baptize1 or refuse to baptize4 ,= baptism is ! sacram5t ( allegiance ( !m t are to be receiv$ into ! k+dom ( ,god2 t is to say1 into et]nal life2 t is to say1 to remission ( s93 = z et]nal life 0 lo/ by ! committ+1 s x is recov]$ by ! remitt+ ( m5's s9s4 ,! end ( baptism is remission ( s9s3 & !re=e ,/4 ,pet]1 :5 !y t 7 conv]t$ by 8 s]mon on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 ask$ :at !y 7 to d1 advis$ !m 7,acts ii4 #ch7 to rep5t1 & be baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 = ! remission ( s9s4 ,& !re=e1 see+ to baptize is to decl>e ! reception ( m5 into ,god's k+dom2 & to refuse to baptize is to decl>e _! exclusion2 x foll[e?1 t ! p[] to decl>e !m ca/ out1 or reta9$ 9 x1 0 giv5 to ! same apo/les1 & _! sub/itutes & successors4 ,& !re=e aft] our ,savi\r _h brea!d ^u !m1 say+ 7,john xx4 #bb7 ,receive ! ,holy ,gho/1 he adde? 9 ! next v]se1 ,:osesoev] s9s ye remit1 !y are remitt$ unto !m2 & :osesoev] s9s ye reta91 !y are reta9$4 ,by :i* words1 is n grant$ an au?ority to =give or reta9 s9s1 simply & absolutely1 z ,god =give? or reta9e? !m1 :o kn[e? ! he>t ( man1 & tru? ( 8 p5it5ce & conv]sion2 b conditionally1 to ! p5it5t3 & ?is =giv5ess1 or absolution1 9 case ! absolv$ h b a feign$ rep5tance1 is !reby1 )\t o!r act1 or s5t5ce ( ! absolv$1 made void1 & ha? no effect at all to salvation1 b on ! contr>y to ! aggravation ( 8 s94 ,!re=e ! apo/les1 & _! successors1 are to foll[ b ! outw>d m>ks ( rep5tance2 :i* appe>+1 !y h no au?ority to d5y absolution2 & if !y appe> n1 !y h no au?ority to absolve4 ,! same also is to be obs]v$ 9 baptism3 = to a conv]t$ ,jew1 or ,g5tile1 ! apo/les _h n ! p[] to d5y baptism2 nor to grant x to ! unp5it5t4 ,b see+ no man is able to disc]n ! tru? ( ano!r man's rep5tance1 fur!r ?an by ext]nal m>ks1 tak5 f 8 words & actions1 :i* are subject to hypocrisy2 ano!r "q w arise1 :o x is t is con/itut$ judge ( ^? m>ks8 ,& ?is "q is decid$ by our ,savi\r himself2 ,if ?y bro!r1 sai? he1 7,mat?4 xviii4 #ae1 #af1 #ag7 %all trespass aga9/ !e1 g & tell him 8 fault1 betwe5 !e & him alone2 if he %all he> !e1 ?\ ha/ ga9$ ?y bro!r4 ,b if he w n he> !e1 !n take ) !e "o or two m4 ,& if he %all neglect to he> !m1 tell x unto ! ,*ur*2 b if he neglect to he> ! ,*ur*1 let him be unto !e z an hea!n man & a publican4 ,by :i* x is manife/1 t ! judgm5t conc]n+ ! tru? ( rep5tance1 belong$ n to any "o man1 b to ! ,*ur*1 t is1 to ! assembly ( ! fai?ful1 or to !m t h au?ority to be _! repres5tant4 ,b besides ! judgm5t1 !re is necess>y also ! pron\nc+ ( s5t5ce4 ,& ?is belong$ always to ! apo/le1 or "s pa/or ( ! ,*ur*1 z prolocutor2 & ( ?is our ,savi\r speake? 9 ! #ah? v]se1 ,:atsoev] ye %all b9d on e>?1 %all be b\nd 9 heav52 & :atsoev] ye %all loose on e>?1 %all be loos$ 9 heav54 ,& con=mable h]eunto 0 ! practise ( ,/4 ,paul1 7#a ,cor4 v4 #c1 #d1 #e7 :]e he sai?1 ,= ,i v]ily1 z abs5t 9 body1 b pres5t 9 _s1 h det]m9$ already1 z ?\gh ,i 7 pres5t1 conc]n+ him t ha? s done ?is de$2 9 ! "n ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :5 ye are ga!r$ toge!r1 & my _s1 ) ! p[] ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 to deliv] su* a "o to ,satan2 t is to say1 to ca/ him out ( ! ,*ur*1 z a man ^: s9s are n =giv54 ,paul "h pron\nce? ! s5t5ce2 b ! assembly 0 fir/ to he> ! cause1 = ,/4 ,paul 0 abs5t1 & by consequ5ce to condemn him4 ,b 9 ! same *apt] 7v]ses #aa1 #ab71 ! judgm5t 9 su* a case is m expressly attribut$ to ! assembly3 ,b n[ ,i h writt5 unto y1 n to keep company1 if any man t is call$ a bro!r be a =nicator1 c4 ) su* a "o1 no n to eat4 ,= :at h ,i to d to judge !m t are )\t8 ,d n ye judge !m t are )98 ,! s5t5ce !re=e by :i* a man 0 put out ( ! ,*ur*1 0 pron\nc$ by ! apo/le1 or pa/or2 b ! judgm5t conc]n+ ! m]it ( ! cause1 0 9 ! ,*ur*2 t is to say1 z ! times 7 be=e ! conv]sion ( k+s1 & m5 t _h sov]eign au?ority 9 ! commonweal?1 ! assembly ( ! ,*ri/ians dwell+ 9 ! same city3 z 9 ,cor9?1 9 ! assembly ( ! ,*ri/ians ( ,cor9?4 ,sid5ote3 ,( excommunication4 ,?is "p ( ! p[] ( ! keys1 by :i* m5 7 ?ru/ out f ! k+dom ( ,god1 is t :i* is call$ excommunication2 & to excommunicate1 is 9 ! orig9al1 1 to ca/ out ( ! synagogue2 t is1 out ( ! place ( div9e s]vice2 a ^w drawn f ! cu/om ( ! ,jews1 to ca/ out ( _! synagogues su* z !y ?\ght1 9 mann]s or doctr9e1 contagi\s1 z lep]s 7 by ! law ( ,moses sep>at$ f ! congregation ( ,israel1 till su* "t z !y %\ld be by ! prie/ pron\nc$ clean4 ,sid5ote3 ,! use ( excommunication )\t civil p[]4 ,! use & effect ( excommunication1 :il/ x 0 n yet /r5g!n$ ) ! civil p[]1 0 no m ?an t !y1 :o 7 n excommunicate1 7 to avoid ! company ( !m t 74 ,x 0 n en\gh to repute !m z hea!n1 t nev] _h be5 ,*ri/ians2 = ) su* !y might eat & dr9k2 :i* ) excommunicate p]sons !y might n d2 z appe>e? by ! words ( ,/4 ,paul1 7#a ,cor4 v4 #i1 #aj1 c47 :]e he telle? !m1 he _h =m]ly =bidd5 !m to company ) =nicators2 b1 because t c\ld n be )\t go+ out ( ! _w1 he re/ra9e? x to su* =nicators1 & o!rwise vici\s p]sons1 z 7 ( ! bre?r52 ) su* a "o1 he sai?1 !y ought n to keep company1 no n to eat4 ,& ?is is no m ?an our ,savi\r sai? 7,mat?4 xviii4 #ag71 ,let him be to !e z a hea!n1 & z a publican4 ,= publicans1 :i* signifie? f>m]s & receiv]s ( ! rev5ue ( ! commonweal?1 7 s hat$ & dete/$ by ! ,jews t 7 to pay x1 z t publican & s9n] 7 tak5 among/ !m = ! same ?+3 insomu*1 z :5 our ,savi\r accept$ ! invitation ( ,zac*u a publican2 ?\gh x 7 to conv]t him1 yet x 0 object$ to him z a crime4 ,& !re=e1 :5 our ,savi\r to hea!n add$ publican1 he did =bid !m to eat ) a man excommunicate4 ,z = keep+ !m out ( _! synagogues1 or places ( assembly1 !y _h no p[] to d x1 b t ( ! own] ( ! place1 :e!r he 7 ,*ri/ian1 or hea!n4 ,& because all places are by "r 9 ! dom9ion ( ! commonweal?2 z well he t 0 excommunicat$1 z he t nev] 0 baptiz$1 might ent] into !m by commission f ! civil magi/rate2 z ,paul be=e 8 conv]sion ent]$ into _! synagogues at ,damascus1 7,acts ix4 #b7 to appreh5d ,*ri/ians1 m5 & wom51 & to c>ry !m b\nd to ,j]usalem1 by commission f ! high-prie/4 ,sid5ote3 ,( no effect ^u an apo/ate2 ,by :i* x appe>s1 t ^u a ,*ri/ian1 t %\ld become an apo/ate1 9 a place :]e ! civil p[] did p]secute1 or n assi/ ! ,*ur*1 ! effect ( excommunication _h no?+ 9 x1 nei!r ( damage 9 ?is _w1 nor ( t]ror3 n ( t]ror1 because ( _! unbelief2 nor ( damage1 because !y are return$ !reby into ! fav\r ( ! _w2 & 9 ! _w to come 7 to be 9 no worse e/ate1 ?an !y :i* nev] _h believ$4 ,! damage r$\nd$ r to ! ,*ur*1 by provocation ( !m !y ca/ out1 to a fre] execution ( _! malice4 ,sid5ote3 ,b ^u ! fai?ful only4 ,excommunication !re=e _h its effect only ^u ^?1 t believ$ t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 to come aga9 9 glory1 to reign ov] & to judge bo? ! quick & ! dead1 & %\ld !re=e refuse entrance into 8 k+dom to ^? ^: s9s 7 reta9$1 t is1 to ^? t 7 excommunicat$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,& !nce x is1 t ,/4 ,paul calle? excommunication1 a deliv]y ( ! excommunicate p]son to ,satan4 ,= )\t ! k+dom ( ,*ri/1 all o!r k+doms1 aft] judgm5t1 are compreh5d$ 9 ! k+dom ( ,satan4 ,?is is x t ! fai?ful /ood 9 fe> (1 z long z !y /ood excommunicate1 t is to say1 9 an e/ate :]e9 _! s9s 7 n =giv54 ,:]eby we may und]/&1 t excommunication1 9 ! "t t ,*ri/ian religion 0 n au?oriz$ by ! civil p[]1 0 us$ only = a correction ( mann]s1 n ( errors 9 op9ion3 = x is a puni%m5t1 :]e( none c\ld be s5sible b su* z believ$1 & expect$ ! com+ aga9 ( our ,savi\r to judge ! _w2 & !y :o s believ$1 ne$$ no o!r op9ion1 b only uprightness ( life1 to be sav$4 ,sid5ote3 ,= :at fault lie? excommunication4 ,!re lie? excommunication = inju/ice2 z 7,mat?4 xviii471 ,if ?y bro!r (f5d !e1 tell x him privately2 !n ) witnesses2 la/ly1 tell ! ,*ur*2 & !n if he obey n1 ,let him be to !e z an hea!n man & a publican4 ,& !re lie? excommunication = a sc&al\s life1 z 7#a ,cor4 v4 #aa7 ,if any man t is call$ a bro!r1 be a =nicator1 or covet\s1 or an idolat]1 or a drunk>d1 or an extortion]1 ) su* a "o ye are n to eat4 ,b to excommunicate a man t held ?is f\ndation1 t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/1 = diff]5ce ( op9ion 9 o!r po9ts1 by :i* t f\ndation 0 n de/roy$1 !re appe>e? no au?ority 9 ! ,scripture1 nor example 9 ! apo/les4 ,!re is inde$ 9 ,/4 ,paul 7,titus iii4 #aj7 a text t seeme? to be to ! contr>y2 ,a man t is an h]etic1 aft] ! fir/ & second admonition1 reject4 ,= an h]etic1 is he1 t be+ a memb] ( ! ,*ur*1 tea*e? nev]!less "s private op9ion1 :i* ! ,*ur* has =bidd53 & su* a "o1 ,/4 ,paul advise? ,titus1 aft] ! fir/ & second admonition1 to reject4 ,b to reject1 9 ?is place1 is n to excommunicate ! man2 b to give ov] admoni%+ him1 to let him alone1 to set by disput+ ) him1 z "o t is to be conv9c$ only by himself4 ,! same apo/le sai? 7#b ,tim4 ii4 #bc7 ,fooli% & unle>n$ que/ions avoid3 ! ^w avoid 9 ?is place1 & reject 9 ! =m]1 is ! same 9 ! orig9al1 3 b fooli% que/ions may be set by )\t excommunication4 ,& aga91 7,titus iii4 #i7 ,avoid fooli% que/ions1 :]e ! orig9al 7set !m by7 is equival5t to ! =m] ^w reject4 ,!re is no o!r place t c s mu* z col\rably be drawn1 to c\nt5ance ! ca/+ out ( ! ,*ur* fai?ful m51 su* z believ$ ! f\ndation1 only = a s+ul> sup]/ructure ( _! own1 proce$+ p]haps f a good & pi\s consci5ce4 ,b on ! contr>y1 all su* places z comm& avoid+ su* disputes1 are writt5 = a lesson to pa/ors1 su* z ,timo?y & ,titus 71 n to make new articles ( fai?1 by det]m9+ e small controv]sy1 :i* oblige m5 to a ne$less bur!n ( consci5ce1 or provoke !m to break ! union ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:i* lesson ! apo/les !mselves obs]v$ well4 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 ?\gh _! controv]sy 7 great1 z we may read 9 ,gal4 ii4 #aa1 yet !y did n ca/ "o ano!r out ( ! ,*ur*4 ,nev]!less1 dur+ ! apo/les' times1 !re 7 o!r pa/ors t obs]v$ x n2 z ,diotrephes 7#c ,john1 #i1 c47 :o ca/ out ( ! ,*ur* su* z ,/4 ,john himself ?\ght fit to be receiv$ into x1 out ( a pride he took 9 preem95ce4 ,s e>ly x 01 t va9 glory & ambition _h f\nd entrance into ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,sid5ote3 ,( p]sons liable to excommunication4 ,t a man be liable to excommunication1 !re be _m conditions requisite2 z fir/1 t he be a memb] ( "s commonalty1 t is to say1 ( "s lawful assembly1 t is to say1 ( "s ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 t ha? p[] to judge ( ! cause = :i* he is to be excommunicat$4 ,= :]e !re is no community1 !re c be no excommunication2 nor :]e !re is no p[] to judge1 c !re be any p[] to give s5t5ce4 ,f h5ce x foll[e?1 t "o ,*ur* _c be excommunicat$ by ano!r3 = ei!r !y h equal p[] to excommunicate ea* o!r1 9 :i* case excommunication is n discipl9e1 nor an act ( au?ority1 b s*ism1 & dissolution ( *>ity2 or "o is s subord9ate to ! o!r1 z t !y bo? h b "o voice2 & !n !y be b "o ,*ur*2 & ! "p excommunicat$ is no m a ,*ur*1 b a dissolute numb] ( individual p]sons4 ,& because ! s5t5ce ( excommunication1 importe? an advice1 n to keep company nor s mu* z to eat ) him t is excommunicate1 if a sov]eign pr9ce or assembly be excommunicate1 ! s5t5ce is ( no effect4 ,= all subjects are b\nd to be 9 ! company & pres5ce ( _! own sov]eign1 :5 he require? x1 by ! law ( nature2 nor c !y lawfully ei!r expel him f any place ( 8 own dom9ion1 :e!r pr(ane or holy2 nor g out ( 8 dom9ion )\t 8 leave2 mu* less1 if he call !m to t hon\r1 refuse to eat ) him4 ,& z to o!r pr9ces & /ates1 because !y are n p>ts ( "o & ! same congregation1 !y ne$ n any o!r s5t5ce to keep !m f keep+ company ) ! /ate excommunicate3 = ! v in/itution1 z x unite? _m m5 into "o community1 s x dissociate? "o community f ano!r3 s t excommunication is n ne$ful = keep+ k+s & /ates asund]2 nor has any fur!r effect ?an is 9 ! nature ( policy itself1 unless x be to in/igate pr9ces to w> ^u "o ano!r4 ,nor is ! excommunication ( a ,*ri/ian subject1 t obeye? ! laws ( 8 own sov]eign1 :e!r ,*ri/ian or hea!n1 ( any effect4 ,= if he believe t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 he ha? ! ,_s ( ,god 7#a ,john v4 #a73 & ,god dwelle? 9 him1 & he 9 ,god 7#a ,john iv4 #ae47 ,b he t ha? ! _s ( ,god2 he t dwelle? 9 ,god2 he 9 :om ,god dwelle?1 c receive no h>m by ! excommunication ( m54 ,!re=e1 he t believe? ,jesus to be ! ,*ri/1 is free f all ! dang]s ?reat5$ to p]sons excommunicate4 ,he t believe? x n1 is no ,*ri/ian4 ,!re=e a true & unfeign$ ,*ri/ian is n liable to excommunication3 nor he also t is a pr(ess$ ,*ri/ian1 till 8 hypocrisy appe> 9 8 mann]s1 t is1 till 8 behavi\r be contr>y to ! law ( 8 sov]eign1 :i* is ! rule ( mann]s1 & :i* ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les h comm&$ u to be subject to4 ,= ! ,*ur* _c judge ( mann]s b by ext]nal actions1 :i* actions c nev] be unlawful1 b :5 !y are aga9/ ! law ( ! commonweal?4 ,if a man's fa!r1 or "m1 or ma/]1 be excommunicate1 yet are n ! *ildr5 =bidd5 to keep !m company1 nor to eat ) !m3 = t 71 = ! mo/ "p1 to oblige !m n to eat at all1 = want ( means to get food2 & to au?orize !m to disobey _! p>5ts & ma/]s1 contr>y to ! precept ( ! apo/les4 ,9 sum1 ! p[] ( excommunication _c be ext5d$ fur!r ?an to ! end = :i* ! apo/les & pa/ors ( ! ,*ur* h _! commission f our ,savi\r2 :i* is n to rule by comm& & co-action1 b by tea*+ & direction ( m5 9 ! way ( salvation 9 ! _w to come4 ,& z a ma/] 9 any sci5ce may ab&on 8 s*ol>1 :5 he ob/9ately neglecte? ! practise ( 8 rules2 b n accuse him ( inju/ice1 because he 0 nev] b\nd to obey him3 s a tea*] ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e may ab&on 8 disciples t ob/9ately cont9ue 9 an un*ri/ian life2 b he _c say1 !y d him wrong1 because !y are n oblig$ to obey him4 ,= to a tea*] t %all s compla91 may be appli$ ! answ] ( ,god to ,samuel 9 ! l place1 7#a ,sam4 viii4 #g7 ,!y h n reject$ !e1 b me4 ,excommunication !re=e1 :5 x wante? ! assi/ance ( ! civil p[]1 z x do?1 :5 a ,*ri/ian /ate or pr9ce is excommunicate by a =eign au?ority1 is )\t effect2 & consequ5tly ought to be )\t t]ror4 ,! "n ( ,fulm5 excommunicationis1 t is1 ! ?und]bolt ( excommunication1 proce$$ f an imag9ation ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 :i* fir/ us$ x1 t he 0 k+ ( k+s2 z ! hea!n made ,jupit] k+ ( ! gods1 & assign$ him1 9 _! poems1 & pictures1 a ?und]bolt1 :]e) to subdue & puni% ! giants1 t %\ld d>e to d5y 8 p[]4 ,:i* imag9ation 0 gr\nd$ on two errors2 "o1 t ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ is ( ?is _w1 contr>y to our ,savi\r's own words1 7,john xviii4 #cf7 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w2 ! o!r1 t he is ,*ri/'s vic>1 n only ov] 8 own subjects1 b ov] all ! ,*ri/ians ( ! _w2 :]e( !re is no gr\nd 9 ,scripture1 & ! contr>y %all be prov$ 9 its due place4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! int]pret] ( ! ,scriptures1 be=e civil sov]eigns became ,*ri/ians4 ,/4 ,paul com+ to ,!ssalonica1 :]e 0 a ,synagogue ( ! ,jews1 7,acts1 xvii4 #b1 #c7 z 8 mann] 01 w5t 9 unto !m1 & ?ree ,sabba? days reason$ ) !m out ( ! ,scriptures1 op5+ & alleg+1 t ,*ri/ mu/ ne$s h suff]$ & ris5 aga9 f ! dead2 & t ?is ,jesus :om he prea*$ 0 ! ,*ri/4 ,! ,scriptures "h m5tion$ 7 ! ,scriptures ( ! ,jews1 t is1 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! m51 to :om he 0 to prove t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/ & ris5 aga9 f ! dead1 7 also ,jews1 & did believe already1 t !y 7 ! ^w ( ,god4 ,h]eupon 7z x is 9 v]se #d7 "s ( !m believ$1 & 7z x is 9 v]se #e7 "s believ$ n4 ,:at 0 ! reason1 :5 !y all believ$ ! ,scripture1 t !y did n all believe alike2 b t "s approv$1 o!rs disapprov$ ! int]pretation ( ,/4 ,paul t cit$ !m2 & e "o int]pret$ !m to himself8 ,x 0 ?is2 ,/4 ,paul came to !m )\t any legal commission1 & 9 ! mann] ( "o t w\ld n comm&1 b p]suade2 :i* he mu/ ne$s d1 ei!r by miracles1 z ,moses did to ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt1 t !y might see 8 au?ority 9 ,god's works2 or by reason+ f ! already receiv$ ,scripture1 t !y might see ! tru? ( 8 doctr9e 9 ,god's ^w4 ,b :osoev] p]suade? by reason+ f pr9ciples writt51 make? him to :om he speake? judge1 bo? ( ! mean+ ( ^? pr9ciples1 & also ( ! =ce ( 8 inf]5ces ^u !m4 ,if ^! ,jews ( ,!ssalonica 7 n1 :o else 0 ! judge ( :at ,/4 ,paul alleg$ out ( ,scripture8 ,if ,/4 ,paul1 :at ne$$ he to quote any places to prove 8 doctr9e8 ,x _h be5 en\gh to h said1 ,i f9d x s 9 ,scripture1 t is to say1 9 y\r laws1 ( :i* ,i am int]pret]1 z s5t by ,*ri/4 ,! int]pret] !re=e ( ! ,scripture1 to ^: int]pretation ! ,jews ( ,!ssalonica 7 b\nd to /&1 c\ld be none3 e "o might believe1 or n believe1 accord+ z ! allegation seem$ to himself to be agreeable1 or n agreeable to ! mean+ ( ! places alleg$4 ,& g5]ally 9 all cases ( ! _w1 he t pret5de? any pro(1 make? judge ( 8 pro( him to :om he addresse? 8 spee*4 ,& z to ! case ( ! ,jews 9 p>ticul>1 !y 7 b\nd by express words 7,deut4 xvii47 to receive ! det]m9ation ( all h>d que/ions1 f ! prie/s & judges ( ,israel = ! "t be+4 ,b ?is is to be und]/ood ( ! ,jews t 7 yet unconv]t$4 ,= ! conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles1 !re 0 no use ( alleg+ ! ,scriptures1 :i* !y believ$ n4 ,! apo/les !re=e lab\r$ by reason to confute _! idolatry2 & t done1 to p]suade !m to ! fai? ( ,*ri/1 by _! te/imony ( 8 life & resurrection4 ,s t !re c\ld n yet be any controv]sy conc]n+ ! au?ority to int]pret ,scripture2 see+ no man 0 oblig$1 dur+ 8 infidelity1 to foll[ any man's int]pretation ( any ,scripture1 except 8 sov]eign's int]pretation ( ! laws ( 8 c\ntry4 ,let u n[ consid] ! conv]sion itself1 & see :at !re 0 !re9 t c\ld be cause ( su* an obligation4 ,m5 7 conv]t$ to no o!r ?+ ?an to ! belief ( t :i* ! apo/les prea*$3 & ! apo/les prea*$ no?+1 b t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/1 t is to say1 ! k+ t 0 to save !m1 & reign ov] !m et]nally 9 ! _w to come2 & consequ5tly t he 0 n dead1 b ris5 aga9 f ! dead1 & gone up into heav51 & %\ld come aga9 "o day to judge ! _w1 7:i* also %\ld rise aga9 to be judg$17 & rew>d e man accord+ to 8 works4 ,none ( !m prea*$ t himself1 or any o!r apo/le1 0 su* an int]pret] ( ! ,scripture1 z all t became ,*ri/ians1 ought to take _! int]pretation = law4 ,= to int]pret ! laws1 is "p ( ! adm9i/ration ( a pres5t k+dom2 :i* ! apo/les _h n4 ,!y pray$ !n1 & all o!r pa/ors ev] s9ce1 let ?y k+dom come2 & exhort$ _! conv]ts to obey _! !n e?nic pr9ces4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t 0 n yet publi%$ 9 "o body4 ,e ( ! evangeli/s 0 int]pret] ( 8 own gospel2 & e apo/le ( 8 own epi/le2 & ( ! ,old ,te/am5t our ,savi\r himself sai? to ! ,jews 7,john v4 #ci7 ,se>* ! ,scriptures2 = 9 !m ye ?9k to h et]nal life1 & !y are !y t te/ify ( me4 ,if he _h n meant !y %\ld int]pret !m1 he w\ld n h bidd5 !m take !nce ! pro( ( 8 be+ ! ,*ri/3 he w\ld ei!r h int]pret$ !m himself1 or ref]r$ !m to ! int]pretation ( ! prie/s4 ,:5 a difficulty arose1 ! apo/les & eld]s ( ! ,*ur* assembl$ !mselves toge!r1 & det]m9$ :at %\ld be prea*$ & taught1 & h[ !y %\ld int]pret ! ,scriptures to ! p2 b took n f ! p ! lib]ty to read & int]pret !m to !mselves4 ,! apo/les s5t div]s lett]s to ! ,*ur*es1 & o!r writ+s = _! in/ruction2 :i* _h be5 9 va91 if !y _h n all[$ !m to int]pret1 t is1 to consid] ! mean+ ( !m4 ,& z x 0 9 ! apo/les' "t1 x mu/ be till su* "t z !re %\ld be pa/ors1 t c\ld au?orize an int]pret]1 ^: int]pretation %\ld g5]ally be /ood to3 b t c\ld n be till k+s 7 pa/ors1 or pa/ors k+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! p[] to make ,scripture1 law4 ,!re be two s5ses1 :]e9 a writ+ may be said to be canonical2 = canon1 signifie? a rule2 & a rule is a precept1 by :i* a man is guid$ & direct$ 9 any action :atsoev]4 ,su* precepts1 ?\gh giv5 by a tea*] to 8 disciple1 or a c\nsellor to 8 fri5d1 )\t p[] to compel him to obs]ve !m1 are nev]!less canons2 because !y are rules4 ,b :5 !y are giv5 by "o1 :om he t receive? !m is b\nd to obey1 !n are ^? canons1 n only rules1 b laws4 ,! "q !re=e "h1 is ( ! p[] to make ! ,scriptures1 :i* are ! rules ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 laws4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! t5 comm&m5ts4 ,t "p ( ! ,scripture1 :i* 0 fir/ law1 0 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 writt5 9 two tables ( /one1 & deliv]$ by ,god himself to ,moses2 & by ,moses made kn[n to ! p4 ,be=e t "t !re 0 no writt5 law ( ,god1 :o z yet hav+ n *os5 any p to be 8 peculi> k+dom1 _h giv5 no law to m51 b ! law ( nature1 t is to say1 ! precepts ( natural reason1 writt5 9 e man's own he>t4 ,( ^! two tables1 ! fir/ conta9e? ! law ( sov]eignty2 #a4 ,t !y %\ld n obey1 nor hon\r ! gods ( o!r nations1 9 ^! words1 ,non habebis deos ali5os coram me1 t is1 ?\ %alt n h = gods1 ! gods t o!r nations wor%ip1 b only me3 :]eby !y 7 =bidd5 to obey1 or hon\r1 z _! k+ & gov]nor1 any o!r ,god1 ?an him t spake unto !m !n by ,moses1 & aft]w>ds by ! high-prie/4 #b4 ,t !y %\ld n make any image to repres5t him2 t is to say1 !y 7 n to *oose to !mselves1 nei!r 9 heav51 nor 9 e>?1 any repres5tative ( _! own fancy+1 b obey ,moses & ,a>on1 :om he _h appo9t$ to t (fice4 #c4 ,t !y %\ld n take ! "n ( ,god 9 va92 t is1 !y %\ld n speak ra%ly ( _! k+1 nor dispute 8 "r1 nor ! commissions ( ,moses & ,a>on1 8 lieut5ants4 #d4 ,t !y %\ld e sev5? day ab/a9 f _! ord9>y lab\r1 & employ t "t 9 do+ him public hon\r4 ,! second table conta9e? ! duty ( "o man t[>ds ano!r1 z to hon\r p>5ts2 n to kill2 n to commit adult]y2 n to /eal2 n to corrupt judgm5t by false witness2 & f9ally1 n s mu* z to design 9 _! he>t ! do+ ( any injury "o to ano!r4 ,! "q n[ is1 :o x 0 t gave to ^! writt5 tables ! obligatory =ce ( laws4 ,!re is no d\bt b !y 7 made laws by ,god himself3 b because a law obliges n1 nor is law to any1 b to !m t ackn[l$ge x to be ! act ( ! sov]eign2 h[ c\ld ! p ( ,israel1 t 7 =bidd5 to approa* ! m\nta9 to he> :at ,god said to ,moses1 be oblig$ to ob$i5ce to all ^? laws :i* ,moses prop\nd$ to !m8 ,"s ( !m 7 inde$ ! laws ( nature1 z all ! second table2 & !re=e to be ackn[l$g$ = ,god's laws2 n to ! ,israelites alone1 b to all p3 b ( ^? t 7 peculi> to ! ,israelites1 z ^? ( ! fir/ table1 ! "q rema9s2 sav+ t !y _h oblig$ !mselves1 pres5tly aft] ! prop\nd+ ( !m1 to obey ,moses1 9 ^! words 7,exod4 xx4 #ai71 ,speak ?\ to u1 & we w he> !e2 b let n ,god speak to u1 le/ we die4 ,x 0 !re=e only ,moses !n1 & aft] him ! high-prie/1 :om1 by ,moses1 ,god decl>$ %\ld adm9i/] ?is 8 peculi> k+dom1 t _h on e>? ! p[] to make ?is %ort ,scripture ( ! ,decalogue to be law 9 ! commonweal? ( ,israel4 ,b ,moses1 & ,a>on1 & ! succe$+ high-prie/s1 7 ! civil sov]eigns4 ,!re=e hi!rto1 ! canoniz+ or mak+ ! ,scripture law1 belong$ to ! civil sov]eign4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! judicial & ,levitical law4 ,! judicial law1 t is to say1 ! laws t ,god prescrib$ to ! magi/rates ( ,israel = ! rule ( _! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 & ( ! s5t5ces or judgm5ts !y %\ld pron\nce 9 pleas betwe5 man & man2 & ! ,levitical law1 t is to say1 ! rule t ,god prescrib$ t\*+ ! rites & c]emonies ( ! prie/s & ,levites1 7 all deliv]$ to !m by ,moses only2 & !re=e also became laws1 by virtue ( ! same promise ( ob$i5ce to ,moses4 ,:e!r ^! laws 7 !n writt51 or n writt51 b dictat$ to ! p by ,moses1 aft] 8 be+ =ty days ) ,god 9 ! ,m\nt1 by ^w ( m\?1 is n express$ 9 ! text2 b !y 7 all positive laws1 & equival5t to holy ,scripture1 & made canonical by ,moses ! civil sov]eign4 ,sid5ote3 ,! second law4 ,aft] ! ,israelites 7 come into ! pla9s ( ,moab ov] aga9/ ,j]i*o1 & ready to ent] into ! l& ( promise1 ,moses to ! =m] laws add$ div]s o!rs2 :i* !re=e are call$ ,deut]onomy2 t is1 second laws4 ,& are1 7z x is writt5 ,deut4 xxix4 #a7 ! words ( a cov5ant :i* ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses to make ) ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 besides ! cov5ant :i* he made ) !m 9 ,horeb4 ,= hav+ expla9$ ^? =m] laws1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! book ( ,deut]onomy1 he adde? o!rs1 t beg9 at ! xii? *apt]1 & cont9ue to ! end ( ! xxvi? ( ! same book4 ,?is law 7,deut4 xxvii4 #c7 !y 7 comm&$ to write ^u great /ones pla/]$ ov]1 at _! pass+ ov] ,jordan3 ?is law also 0 writt5 by ,moses himself 9 a book1 & deliv]$ into ! h&s ( ! prie/s1 & to ! eld]s ( ,israel 7,deut4 xxxi4 #i71 & comm&$ 7v]se #bf7 to be put 9 ! side ( ! ark2 = 9 ! ark itself 0 no?+ b ! t5 comm&m5ts4 ,?is 0 ! law1 :i* ,moses 7,deut4 xvii4 #ah7 comm&$ ! k+s ( ,israel %\ld keep a copy (3 & ?is is ! law1 :i* hav+ be5 long "t lo/1 0 f\nd aga9 9 ! temple 9 ! "t ( ,josiah1 & by 8 au?ority receiv$ = ! law ( ,god4 ,b bo? ,moses at ! writ+1 & ,josiah at ! recov]y !re(1 _h bo? ( !m ! civil sov]eignty4 ,hi!rto !re=e ! p[] ( mak+ ,scripture canonical1 0 9 ! civil sov]eign4 ,besides ?is book ( ! law1 !re 0 no o!r book1 f ! "t ( ,moses till aft] ! ,captivity1 receiv$ among/ ! ,jews = ! law ( ,god4 ,= ! prophets1 except a few1 liv$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,captivity itself2 & ! re/ liv$ b a little be=e x2 & 7 s f> f hav+ _! prophecies g5]ally receiv$ = laws1 z t _! p]sons 7 p]secut$1 p>tly by false prophets1 & p>tly by ! k+s :i* 7 s$uc$ by !m4 ,& ?is book itself1 :i* 0 confirm$ by ,josiah = ! law ( ,god1 & ) x all ! hi/ory ( ! works ( ,god1 0 lo/ 9 ! captivity & sack ( ! city ( ,j]usalem1 z appe>s by t ( #b ,esdras1 xiv4 #ba1 ?y law is burnt2 !re=e no man kn[e? ! ?+s t are done ( !e1 or ! works t %all beg94 ,& be=e ! captivity1 betwe5 ! "t :5 ! law 0 lo/1 7:i* is n m5tion$ 9 ! ,scripture1 b may probably be ?\ght to be ! "t ( ,rehoboam1 :5 7#a ,k+s xiv4 #bf7 ,%i%ak1 k+ ( ,egypt1 took ! spoil ( ! temple71 & ! "t ( ,josiah :5 x 0 f\nd aga91 !y _h no writt5 ^w ( ,god1 b rul$ accord+ to _! own discretion1 or by ! direction ( su* z ea* ( !m e/eem$ prophets4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,old ,te/am5t :5 made canonical4 ,f h5ce we may inf]1 t ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* we h at ?is day1 7 n canonical nor a law unto ! ,jews1 till ! r5ovation ( _! cov5ant ) ,god at _! return f ! captivity1 & re/oration ( _! commonweal? "u ,esdras4 ,b f t "t =w>d !y 7 acc\nt$ ! law ( ! ,jews1 & = su* translat$ into ,greek by sev5ty eld]s ( ,judea1 & put into ! libr>y ( ,ptolemy at ,alex&ria1 & approv$ = ! ^w ( ,god4 ,n[ see+ ,esdras 0 ! high-prie/1 & ! high-prie/ 0 _! civil sov]eign1 x is manife/ t ! ,scriptures 7 nev] made laws1 b by ! sov]eign civil p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,new ,te/am5t began to be canonical "u ,*ri/ian sov]eigns4 ,by ! writ+s ( ! fa!rs t liv$ 9 ! "t be=e t ! ,*ri/ian religion 0 receiv$1 & au?oriz$ by ,con/ant9e ! emp]or1 we may f9d1 t ! books we n[ h ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 held by ! ,*ri/ians ( t "t1 except a few1 79 respect ( ^: paucity ! re/ 7 call$ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & o!rs h]etics71 = ! dictates ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & consequ5tly = ! canon or rule ( fai?3 su* 0 ! rev]5ce & op9ion !y _h ( _! tea*]s2 z g5]ally ! rev]5ce1 t ! disciples be> to _! fir/ ma/]s 9 all mann] ( doctr9e !y receive f !m1 is n small4 ,!re=e !re is no d\bt1 b :5 ,/4 ,paul wrote to ! ,*ur*es he _h conv]t$2 or any o!r apo/le or disciple ( ,*ri/1 to ^? :i* _h !n embrac$ ,*ri/2 !y receiv$ ^? _! writ+s = ! true ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,b 9 t "t1 :5 n ! p[] & au?ority ( ! tea*]1 b ! fai? ( ! he>]1 caus$ !m to receive x1 x 0 n ! apo/les t made _! own writ+s canonical1 b e conv]t made !m s to himself4 ,b ! "q "h1 is n :at any ,*ri/ian made a law or canon to himself1 :i* he might aga9 reject by ! same "r he receiv$ x2 b :at 0 s made a canon to !m1 z )\t inju/ice !y c\ld n d any ?+ contr>y !reunto4 ,t ! ,new ,te/am5t %\ld 9 ?is s5se be canonical1 t is to say a law1 9 any place :]e ! law ( ! commonweal? _h n made x s1 is contr>y to ! nature ( a law4 ,= a law1 z has be5 already %[n1 is ! comm&m5t ( t man or assembly1 to :om we h giv5 sov]eign au?ority to make su* rules = ! direction ( our actions z he %all ?9k fit1 & to puni% u :5 we d any ?+ contr>y to ! same4 ,:5 !re=e any o!r man %all (f] unto u any o!r rules1 :i* ! sov]eign rul] ha? n prescrib$1 !y are b c\nsel & advice2 :i*1 :e!r good or bad1 he t is c\nsell$1 may )\t inju/ice refuse to obs]ve2 & :5 contr>y to ! laws already e/abli%$1 )\t inju/ice _c obs]ve1 h[ good soev] he conceive? x to be4 ,i say1 he _c 9 ?is case obs]ve ! same 9 8 actions1 nor 9 8 disc\rse ) o!r m52 ?\gh he may )\t blame believe 8 private tea*]s1 & wi% he _h ! lib]ty to practise _! advice1 & t x 7 publicly receiv$ = law4 ,= int]nal fai? is 9 its own nature invisible1 & consequ5tly exempt$ f all human jurisdiction2 :]eas ! words & actions t proce$ f x1 z brea*es ( our civil ob$i5ce1 are inju/ice bo? be=e ,god & man4 ,see+ !n our ,savi\r ha? d5i$ 8 k+dom to be 9 ?is _w1 see+ he _h said1 he came n to judge1 b to save ! _w1 he ha? n subject$ u to o!r laws ?an ^? ( ! commonweal?2 t is1 ! ,jews to ! law ( ,moses1 :i* he sai? 7,mat?4 v4 #ag7 he came n to de/roy1 b to fulfil2 & o!r nations to ! laws ( _! sev]al sov]eigns1 & all m5 to ! laws ( nature2 ! obs]v+ :]e(1 bo? he himself1 & 8 apo/les1 h 9 _! tea*+ recomm5d$ to u1 z a necess>y condition ( be+ admitt$ by him 9 ! la/ day into 8 et]nal k+dom1 :]e9 %all be protection1 & life ev]la/+4 ,see+ !n our ,savi\r1 & 8 apo/les1 left n new laws to oblige u 9 ?is _w1 b new doctr9e to prep>e u = ! next2 ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* conta9 t doctr9e1 until ob$i5ce to !m 0 comm&$ by !m t ,god _h giv5 p[] to on e>? to be legislators1 7 n obligatory canons1 t is1 laws1 b only good & safe advice1 = ! direction ( s9n]s 9 ! way to salvation1 :i* e man might take & refuse at 8 own p]il1 )\t inju/ice4 ,aga91 our ,savi\r ,*ri/'s commission to 8 apo/les & disciples1 0 to proclaim 8 k+dom1 n pres5t1 b to come2 & to tea* all nations1 & to baptize !m t %\ld believe2 & to ent] into ! h\ses ( !m t %\ld receive !m1 & :]e !y 7 n receiv$1 to %ake (f ! du/ ( _! feet aga9/ !m2 b n to call = fire f heav5 to de/roy !m1 nor to compel !m to ob$i5ce by ! sword4 ,9 all :i* !re is no?+ ( p[]1 b ( p]suasion4 ,he s5t !m out z %eep unto wolves1 n z k+s to _! subjects4 ,!y _h n 9 commission to make laws2 b to obey1 & tea* ob$i5ce to laws made2 & consequ5tly !y c\ld n make _! writ+s obligatory canons1 )\t ! help ( ! sov]eign civil p[]4 ,& !re=e ! ,scripture ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is !re only law1 :]e ! lawful civil p[] ha? made x s4 ,& !re also ! k+1 or sov]eign1 make? x a law to himself2 by :i* he subjecte? himself1 n to ! doctor or apo/le t conv]t$ him1 b to ,god himself & 8 ,son ,jesus ,*ri/1 z imm$iately z did ! apo/les !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! p[] ( c\ncils to make ! ,scriptures law4 ,t :i* may seem to give ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 respect ( ^? t h embrac$ ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 ! =ce ( laws1 9 ! times & places ( p]secution1 is ! decrees !y made among/ !mselves 9 _! synod4 ,= we read 7,acts xv4 #bh7 ! /yle ( ! c\ncil ( ! apo/les1 ! eld]s1 & ! :ole ,*ur*1 9 ?is mann]2 ,x seem$ good to ! ,holy ,gho/1 & to u1 to lay ^u y no great] bur!n ?an ^! necess>y ?+s1 c2 :i* is a /yle t signifie? a p[] to lay a bur!n on !m t _h receiv$ _! doctr9e4 ,n[ to lay a bur!n on ano!r1 seeme? ! same z to oblige2 & !re=e ! acts ( t c\ncil 7 laws to ! !n ,*ri/ians4 ,nev]!less1 !y 7 no m laws ?an are ^! o!r precepts1 ,rep5t2 be baptiz$2 keep ! comm&m5ts2 believe ! gospel2 come unto me2 sell all t ?\ ha/2 give x to ! poor2 &1 foll[ me2 :i* are n comm&s1 b invitations1 & call+s ( m5 to ,*ri/ianity1 l t ( ,isaiah lv4 #a2 ,ho1 e man t ?ir/e?1 come ye to ! wat]s1 come1 & buy w9e & milk )\t money4 ,= fir/1 ! apo/les' p[] 0 no o!r ?an t ( our ,savi\r1 to invite m5 to embrace ! k+dom ( ,god2 :i* !y !mselves ackn[l$g$ = a k+dom1 n pres5t1 b to come2 & !y t h no k+dom1 c make no laws4 ,& secondly1 if _! acts ( c\ncil 7 laws1 !y c\ld n )\t s9 be disobey$4 ,b we read n any :]e1 t !y :o receiv$ n ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/1 did !re9 s92 b t !y di$ 9 _! s9s2 t is1 t _! s9s aga9/ ! laws to :i* !y ow$ ob$i5ce1 7 n p>don$4 ,& ^? laws 7 ! laws ( nature1 & ! civil laws ( ! /ate1 :]eto e ,*ri/ian man _h by pact submitt$ himself4 ,& !re=e by ! bur!n1 :i* ! apo/les might lay on su* z !y _h conv]t$1 are n to be und]/ood laws1 b conditions propos$ to ^? t s\ght salvation2 :i* !y might accept or refuse at _! own p]il1 )\t a new s91 ?\gh n )\t ! haz>d ( be+ condemn$ & exclud$ out ( ! k+dom ( ,god = _! s9s pa/4 ,& !re=e ( infidels1 ,/4 ,john sai? n1 ! wra? ( ,god %all come ^u !m1 b 7,john iii4 #cf7 ! wra? ( ,god rema9e? ^u !m2 & n t !y %all be condemn$1 b t 7,john iii4 #ah7 !y are condemn$ already4 ,nor c x be conceiv$1 t ! b5efit ( fai? is remission ( s9s1 unless we conceive )al1 t ! damage ( infidelity is ! ret5tion ( ! same s9s4 ,b to :at end is x1 may "s man ask1 t ! apo/les1 & o!r pa/ors ( ! ,*ur* aft] _! "t1 %\ld meet toge!r to agree ^u :at doctr9e %\ld be taught1 bo? = fai? & mann]s1 if no man 7 oblig$ to obs]ve _! decrees8 ,to ?is may be answ]$1 t ! apo/les & eld]s ( t c\ncil 7 oblig$ ev5 by _! entrance into x1 to tea* ! doctr9e !re9 conclud$ & decre$ to be taught1 s f> =?1 z no prec$5t law1 to :i* !y 7 oblig$ to yield ob$i5ce1 0 to ! contr>y2 b n t all o!r ,*ri/ians %\ld be oblig$ to obs]ve :at !y taught4 ,= ?\gh !y might delib]ate :at ea* ( !m %\ld tea*2 yet !y c\ld n delib]ate :at o!rs %\ld d1 unless _! assembly _h _h a legislative p[]2 :i* none c\ld h b civil sov]eigns4 ,= ?\gh ,god be ! sov]eign ( all ! _w1 we are n b\nd to take = 8 law :atsoev] is prop\nd$ by e man 9 8 "n2 nor any?+ contr>y to ! civil law1 :i* ,god ha? expressly comm&$ u to obey4 ,see+ !n ! acts ( c\ncil ( ! apo/les1 7 !n no laws1 b c\nsels2 mu* less are laws ! acts ( any o!r doctors or c\ncil s9ce1 if assembl$ )\t ! au?ority ( ! civil sov]eign4 ,& consequ5tly1 ! ,books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?\gh mo/ p]fect rules ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 c\ld n be made laws by any o!r au?ority ?an t ( k+s or sov]eign assemblies4 ,! fir/ c\ncil1 t made ! ,scriptures we n[ h canon1 is n extant3 = t collection ( ! canons ( ! apo/les1 attribut$ to ,clem5s1 ! fir/ bi%op ( ,rome aft] ,/4 ,pet]1 is subject to "q4 ,= ?\gh ! canonical books be !re reckon$ up2 yet ^! words1 s9t vobis omnibus cl]icis et laicis libri v5]&i1 etc4 conta9 a di/9ction ( cl]gy & laity1 t 0 n 9 use s ne> ,/4 ,pet]'s "t4 ,! fir/ c\ncil = settl+ ! canonical ,scripture1 t is extant1 is t ( ,laodicea1 7,c4 lix47 :i* =bids ! read+ ( o!r books ?an ^? 9 ! *ur*es2 :i* is a m&ate t is n address$ to e ,*ri/ian1 b to ^? only t _h au?ority to read any ?+ publicly 9 ! *ur*2 t is1 to ecclesia/ics only4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! "r ( con/itut+ ecclesia/ical (fic]s 9 ! "t ( ! apo/les4 ,( ecclesia/ical (fic]s 9 ! "t ( ! apo/les1 "s 7 magi/]ial1 "s m9i/]ial4 ,magi/]ial 7 ! (fices ( ! prea*+ ( ! gospel ( ! k+dom ( ,god to infidels2 ( adm9i/]+ ! sacram5ts1 & div9e s]vice2 & ( tea*+ ! rules ( fai? & mann]s to ^? t 7 conv]t$4 ,m9i/]ial 0 ! (fice ( deacons1 t is1 ( !m t 7 appo9t$ to ! adm9i/ration ( ! secul> necessities ( ! *ur*1 at su* "t z !y liv$ ^u a common /ock ( money1 rais$ out ( ! volunt>y contributions ( ! fai?ful4 ,among/ ! (fic]s magi/]ial1 ! fir/ & pr9cipal 7 ! apo/les2 :]e( !re 7 at fir/ b twelve2 & ^! 7 *os5 & con/itut$ by our ,savi\r himself2 & _! (fice 0 n only to prea*1 tea*1 & baptize1 b also to be m>tyrs1 witnesses ( our ,savi\r's resurrection4 ,?is te/imony 0 ! specifical & ess5tial m>k1 :]eby ! apo/le%ip 0 di/+ui%$ f o!r magi/racy ecclesia/ical2 z be+ necess>y = an apo/le1 ei!r to h se5 our ,savi\r aft] 8 resurrection1 or to h conv]s$ ) him be=e1 & se5 8 works1 & o!r argum5ts ( 8 div9ity2 :]eby !y might be tak5 = suffici5t witnesses4 ,& !re=e at ! election ( a new apo/le 9 ! place ( ,judas ,isc>iot1 ,/4 ,pet] sai? 7,acts i4 #ba1 #bb7 ,( ^! m5 t h compani$ ) u1 all ! "t t ! ,"l ,jesus w5t 9 & out among/ u1 beg9n+ f ! baptism ( ,john unto t same day t he 0 tak5 up f u1 mu/ "o be orda9$ to be a witness ) u ( 8 resurrection3 :]e by ?is ^w mu/1 is impli$ a necess>y prop]ty ( an apo/le1 to h compani$ ) ! fir/ & prime apo/les1 9 ! "t t our ,savi\r manife/$ himself 9 ! fle%4 ,sid5ote3 ,mat?ias made apo/le by ! congregation4 ,! fir/ apo/le1 ( ^? :i* 7 n con/itut$ by ,*ri/ 9 ! "t he 0 ^u ! e>?1 0 ,mat?ias1 *os5 9 ?is mann]4 ,!re 7 assembl$ toge!r 9 ,j]usalem ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty ,*ri/ians 7,acts i4 #ae74 ,^! 7v]se #bc7 appo9t$ two1 ,joseph ! ,j & ,mat?ias1 & caus$ lots to be drawn2 & 7v]se #bf7 ! lot fell on ,mat?ias1 & he 0 numb]$ ) ! apo/les4 ,s t "h we see ! ord9ation ( ?is apo/le 0 ! act ( ! congregation1 & n ( ,/4 ,pet] nor ( ! elev51 o!rwise ?an z memb]s ( ! assembly4 ,sid5ote3 ,paul & ,b>nabas made apo/les by ! ,*ur* ( ,antio*4 ,aft] him !re 0 nev] any o!r apo/le orda9$1 b ,paul & ,b>nabas2 :i* 0 done z we read 7,acts xiii4 #a1 #b1 #c7 9 ?is mann]4 ,!re 7 9 ! ,*ur* t 0 at ,antio*1 c]ta9 prophets & tea*]s2 z ,b>nabas1 & ,simeon t 0 call$ ,nig]1 & ,lucius ( ,cyr5e1 & ,mana52 :i* _h be5 br\ght up ) ,h]od ! ,tetr>*1 & ,saul4 ,z !y m9i/]$ unto ! ,"l1 & fa/$1 ! ,holy ,gho/ said1 ,sep>ate me ,b>nabas & ,saul = ! "w :]eunto ,i h call$ !m4 ,& :5 !y _h fa/$ & pray$1 & laid _! h&s on !m1 !y s5t !m away4 ,by :i* x is manife/1 t ?\gh !y 7 call$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 _! call+ 0 decl>$ unto !m & _! mission au?oriz$ by ! p>ticul> ,*ur* ( ,antio*4 ,& t ?is _! call+ 0 to ! apo/le%ip1 is app>5t by t1 t !y are bo? call$ 7,acts xiv4 #ad7 apo/les3 & t x 0 by virtue ( ?is act ( ! ,*ur* ( ,antio*1 t !y 7 apo/les1 ,/4 ,paul decl>e? pla9ly 7,rom4 i4 #a71 9 t he use? ! ^w1 :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ us$ at 8 call+3 = he /yle? himself1 ,an apo/le sep>at$ unto ! gospel ( ,god2 allud+ to ! words ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,sep>ate me ,b>nabas & ,saul1 c4 ,b see+ ! "w ( an apo/le1 0 to be a witness ( ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 a man may "h ask1 h[ ,/4 ,paul1 t conv]s$ n ) our ,savi\r be=e 8 passion1 c\ld "k he 0 ris58 ,to :i* is easily answ]$1 t our ,savi\r himself appe>$ to him 9 ! way to ,damascus1 f heav51 aft] 8 asc5sion2 & *ose him = a vessel to be> 8 "n be=e ! ,g5tiles1 & k+s1 & *ildr5 ( ,israel3 & consequ5tly1 hav+ se5 ! ,"l aft] 8 passion1 he 0 a compet5t witness ( 8 resurrection4 ,& z = ,b>nabas1 he 0 a disciple be=e ! passion4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t ,paul & ,b>nabas 7 apo/les2 & yet *os5 & au?oriz$1 n by ! fir/ apo/les alone1 b by ! ,*ur* ( ,antio*2 z ,mat?ias 0 *os5 & au?oriz$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at (fices 9 ! *ur* are magi/]ial4 ,bi%op1 a ^w =m$ 9 our language out ( ! ,greek 1 signifie? an ov]se] or sup]9t5d5t ( any bus9ess1 & p>ticul>ly a pa/or or %eph]d2 & !nce by metaphor 0 tak51 n only among/ ! ,jews t 7 orig9ally %eph]ds1 b also among/ ! hea!n1 to signify ! (fice ( a k+1 or any o!r rul] or guide ( p1 :e!r he rul$ by laws or doctr9e4 ,& s ! apo/les 7 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian bi%ops1 in/itut$ by ,*ri/ himself3 9 :i* s5se ! apo/le%ip ( ,judas is call$ 7,acts i4 #bj7 8 bi%opric4 ,& aft]w>ds1 :5 !re 7 con/itut$ eld]s 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es1 ) *>ge to guide ,*ri/'s flock by _! doctr9e & advice2 ^! eld]s 7 also call$ bi%ops4 ,timo?y 0 an eld]1 7:i* ^w eld]1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is a "n ( (fice1 z well z ( age72 yet he 0 also a bi%op4 ,& bi%ops 7 !n cont5t ) ! title ( eld]s4 ,nay ,/4 ,john himself1 ! apo/le belov$ ( our ,"l1 beg9ne? 8 second ,epi/le ) ^! words1 ,! eld] to ! elect lady4 ,by :i* x is evid5t1 t bi%op1 pa/or1 eld]1 doctor1 t is to say1 tea*]1 7 b s _m div]s names ( ! same (fice 9 ! "t ( ! apo/les2 = !re 0 !n no gov]nm5t by co]cion1 b only by doctr9e & p]suad+4 ,! k+dom ( ,god 0 yet to come1 9 a new _w3 s t !re c\ld be no au?ority to compel 9 any ,*ur*1 till ! commonweal? _h embrac$ ! ,*ri/ian fai?3 & consequ5tly no div]sity ( au?ority1 ?\gh !re 7 div]sity ( employm5ts4 ,besides ^! magi/]ial employm5ts 9 ! ,*ur*1 namely1 apo/les1 bi%ops1 eld]s1 pa/ors1 & doctors1 ^: call+ 0 to proclaim ,*ri/ to ! ,jews & infidels1 & to direct & to tea* ^? t believ$1 we read 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ( no o!r4 ,= by ! names ( evangeli/s & prophets1 is n signifi$ any (fice1 b sev]al gifts1 by :i* sev]al m5 7 pr(itable to ! ,*ur*3 z evangeli/s1 by writ+ ! life & acts ( our ,savi\r1 su* z 7 ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,john apo/les1 & ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,luke disciples1 & :osoev] else wrote ( t subject1 7z ,/4 ,?omas1 & ,/4 ,b>nabas are said to h done1 ?\gh ! ,*ur* h n receiv$ ! books t h gone "u _! names73 & z prophets1 by ! gift ( int]pret+ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & sometimes by decl>+ _! special revelations to ! ,*ur*4 ,= nei!r ^! gifts1 nor ! gifts ( languages1 nor ! gift ( ca/+ out devils1 nor ( cur+ o!r diseases1 nor any ?+ else1 did make an (fic] 9 ! ,*ur*1 save only ! due call+ & election to ! *>ge ( tea*+4 ,sid5ote3 ,ord9ation ( tea*]s4 ,z ! apo/les1 ,mat?ias1 ,paul1 & ,b>nabas1 7 n made by our ,savi\r himself1 b 7 elect$ by ! ,*ur*1 t is1 by ! assembly ( ,*ri/ians2 namely1 ,mat?ias by ! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem1 & ,paul & ,b>nabas by ! ,*ur* ( ,antio*2 s 7 also ! presbyt]s & pa/ors 9 o!r cities1 elect$ by ! ,*ur*es ( ^? cities4 ,= pro( :]e( let u consid]1 fir/1 h[ ,/4 ,paul proce$$ 9 ! ord9ation ( presbyt]s1 9 ! cities :]e he _h conv]t$ m5 to ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 imm$iately aft] he & ,b>nabas _h receiv$ _! apo/le%ip4 ,we read 7,acts xiv4 #bc7 t !y orda9$ eld]s 9 e ,*ur*2 :i* at fir/ sight may be tak5 = an argum5t1 t !y !mselves *ose1 & gave !m _! au?ority3 b if we consid] ! orig9al text1 x w be manife/ t !y 7 au?oriz$ & *os5 by ! assembly ( ! ,*ri/ians ( ea* city4 ,= ! words !re are1 ' 1 t is1 :5 !y _h orda9$ !m eld]s by ! hold+ up ( h&s 9 e congregation4 ,n[ x is well en\gh kn[n1 t 9 all ^? cities ! mann] ( *oos+ magi/rates & (fic]s1 0 by plurality ( suffrages2 &1 because ! ord9>y way ( di/+ui%+ ! affirmative votes f ! negatives1 0 by hold+ up ( h&s1 to orda9 an (fic] 9 any ( ! cities1 0 no m b to br+ ! p toge!r1 to elect !m by plurality ( votes1 :e!r x 7 by plurality ( elevat$ h&s1 or by plurality ( voices1 or plurality ( balls1 or beans1 or small /ones1 ( :i* e man ca/ 9 "o1 into a vessel m>k$ = ! affirmative or negative2 = div]s cities _h div]s cu/oms 9 t po9t4 ,x 0 !re=e ! assembly t elect$ _! own eld]s3 ! apo/les 7 only presid5ts ( ! assembly1 to call !m toge!r = su* election1 & to pron\nce !m elect$1 & to give !m ! b5$iction :i* n[ is call$ consecration4 ,& = ?is cause1 !y t 7 presid5ts ( ! assemblies1 z 9 ! abs5ce ( ! apo/les ! eld]s 71 7 call$ 1 & 9 ,lat9 anti/ites2 :i* words signify ! pr9cipal p]son ( ! assembly1 ^: (fice 0 to numb] ! votes1 & to decl>e !reby :o 0 *os52 & :]e ! votes 7 equal1 to decide ! matt] 9 "q1 by add+ 8 own2 :i* is ! (fice ( a presid5t 9 c\ncil4 ,&1 because all ! ,*ur*es _h _! presbyt]s orda9$ 9 ! same mann]1 :]e ! ^w is con/itute1 7z ,titus i4 #e7 1 ,= ?is cause left ,i !e 9 ,crete1 t ?\ %\lde/ con/itute eld]s 9 e city1 we are to und]/& ! same ?+1 namely1 t he %\ld call ! fai?ful toge!r1 & orda9 !m presbyt]s by plurality ( suffrages4 ,x _h be5 a /range ?+1 if 9 a t[n1 :]e m5 p]haps _h nev] se5 any magi/rate o!rwise *os5 ?an by an assembly1 ^? ( ! t[n becom+ ,*ri/ians %\ld s mu* z h ?\ght on any o!r way ( election ( _! tea*]s & guides1 t is to say1 ( _! presbyt]s1 7o!rwise call$ bi%ops7 ?an ?is ( plurality ( suffrages1 intimat$ by ,/4 ,paul 7,acts xiv4 #bc7 9 ! ^w 4 ,nor 0 !re ev] any *oos+ ( bi%ops1 be=e ! emp]ors f\nd x necess>y to regulate !m1 9 ord] to ! keep+ ( ! peace among/ !m1 b by ! assemblies ( ! ,*ri/ians 9 e sev]al t[n4 ,! same is also confirm$ by ! cont9ual practice1 ev5 to ?is day1 9 ! election ( ! bi%ops ( ,rome4 ,= if ! bi%op ( any place _h ! "r ( *oos+ ano!r1 to ! succession ( ! pa/oral (fice1 9 any city1 at su* times z he w5t f !nce to plant ! same 9 ano!r place2 mu* m _h he _h ! "r to appo9t 8 successors 9 t place1 9 :i* he la/ resid$ & di$3 & we f9d n t ev] any bi%op ( ,rome appo9t$ 8 successor4 ,= !y 7 a long "t *os5 by ! p1 z we may see by ! s$ition rais$ ab\t ! election betwe5 ,damasus & ,ursic9us2 :i* ,ammianus ,m>cell9us sai? 0 s great1 t ,juv5tius ! prfect1 unable to keep ! peace betwe5 !m1 0 =c$ to g out ( ! city2 & t !re 7 above an hundr$ m5 f\nd dead ^u t occasion 9 ! *ur* itself4 ,& ?\gh !y aft]w>ds 7 *os51 fir/1 by ! :ole cl]gy ( ,rome1 & aft]w>ds by ! c>d9als2 yet nev] any 0 appo9t$ to ! succession by 8 pr$ecessor4 ,if !re=e !y pret5d$ no "r to appo9t _! own successors1 ,i ?9k ,i may reasonably conclude !y _h no "r to appo9t ! successors ( o!r bi%ops1 )\t receiv+ "s new p[]2 :i* none c\ld take f ! ,*ur* to be/[ on !m1 b su* z _h a lawful au?ority1 n only to tea*1 b to comm& ! ,*ur*2 :i* none c\ld d1 b ! civil sov]eign4 ,sid5ote3 ,m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur*1 :at4 ,! ^w m9i/]1 9 ! orig9al 1 signifie? "o t volunt>ily do? ! bus9ess ( ano!r man2 & diff]e? f a s]vant only 9 ?is1 t s]vants are oblig$ by _! condition1 to d :at is comm&$ !m2 :]eas m9i/]s are oblig$ only by _! und]tak+1 & b\nd !re=e to no m ?an t !y h und]tak53 s t bo? !y t tea* ! ^w ( ,god1 & !y t adm9i/] ! secul> affairs ( ! ,*ur*1 are bo? m9i/]s1 b !y are m9i/]s ( diff]5t p]sons4 ,= ! pa/ors ( ! ,*ur*1 call$ 7,acts vi4 #d7 ! m9i/]s ( ! ^w1 are m9i/]s ( ,*ri/1 ^: ^w x is3 b ! m9i/ry ( a deacon1 :i* is call$ 7v]se #b ( ! same *apt]7 s]v+ ( tables1 is a s]vice done to ! ,*ur* or congregation3 s t nei!r any "o man1 nor ! :ole *ur*1 c\ld ev] ( _! pa/or say1 he 0 _! m9i/]3 b ( a deacon1 :e!r ! *>ge he und]took 7 to s]ve tables1 or di/ribute ma9t5ance to ! ,*ri/ians1 :5 !y liv$ 9 ea* city on a common /ock or ^u collections1 z 9 ! fir/ times1 or to take a c>e ( ! h\se ( pray]1 or ( ! rev5ue1 or o!r worldly bus9ess ( ! ,*ur*1 ! :ole congregation might prop]ly call him _! m9i/]4 ,= _! employm5t1 z deacons1 0 to s]ve ! congregation2 ?\gh ^u occasion !y omitt$ n to prea* ! gospel1 & ma9ta9 ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/1 e "o accord+ to 8 gifts1 z ,/4 ,/eph5 did2 & bo? to prea* & baptize1 z ,philip did4 ,= t ,philip1 :i* 7,acts viii4 #e7 prea*$ ! gospel at ,sam>ia1 & 7v]se #ch7 baptiz$ ! ,eunu*1 0 ,philip ! deacon1 n ,philip ! apo/le4 ,= x is manife/ 7v]se #a7 t :5 ,philip prea*$ 9 ,sam>ia1 ! apo/les 7 at ,j]usalem1 & 7v]se #ad7 :5 !y he>d t ,sam>ia _h receiv$ ! ^w ( ,god1 s5t ,pet] & ,john to !m2 by imposition ( ^: h&s1 !y t 7 baptiz$ 7v]se #ae71 receiv$1 :i* be=e by ! baptism ( ,philip !y _h n receiv$1 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,= x 0 necess>y = ! conf]r+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 t _! baptism %\ld be adm9i/]$ or confirm$ by a m9i/] ( ! ^w1 n by a m9i/] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& !re=e to confirm ! baptism ( ^? t ,philip ! deacon _h baptiz$1 ! apo/les s5t out ( _! own numb] f ,j]usalem to ,sam>ia1 ,pet] & ,john2 :o conf]r$ on !m t be=e 7 b baptiz$1 ^? graces t 7 signs ( ! ,holy ,_s1 :i* at t "t did accompany all true believ]s2 :i* :at !y 7 may be und]/ood by t :i* ,/4 ,m>k sai? 7*ap4 xvi4 #ag71 ^! signs foll[ !m t believe 9 my "n2 !y %all ca/ out devils2 !y %all speak ) new tongues2 !y %all take up s]p5ts2 & if !y dr9k any deadly ?+1 x %all n hurt !m2 !y %all lay h&s on ! sick1 & !y %all recov]4 ,?is to d1 0 x t ,philip c\ld n give2 b ! apo/les c\ld1 &1 z appe>s by ?is place1 effectually did to e man t truly believ$ & 0 by a m9i/] ( ,*ri/ himself baptiz$3 :i* p[] ei!r ,*ri/'s m9i/]s 9 ?is age _c conf]1 or else !re are v few true believ]s1 or ,*ri/ ha? v few m9i/]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,& h[ *os54 ,t ! fir/ deacons 7 *os51 n by ! apo/les1 b by a congregation ( ! disciples1 t is1 ( ,*ri/ian m5 ( all sorts1 is manife/ out ( ,acts vi1 :]e we read t ! ,twelve1 aft] ! numb] ( disciples 0 multipli$1 call$ !m toge!r1 & hav+ told !m1 t x 0 n fit t ! apo/les %\ld leave ! ^w ( ,god & s]ve tables1 said unto !m1 7v]se #c7 ,bre?r51 look y out among y sev5 m5 ( hone/ report1 full ( ! ,holy ,gho/ & ( wisdom1 :om we may appo9t ov] ?is bus9ess4 ,"h x is manife/1 t ?\gh ! apo/les decl>$ !m elect$2 yet ! congregation *ose !m2 :i* also 7v]se #e7 is m expressly said1 :]e x is writt51 t ! say+ pleas$ ! :ole multitude1 & !y *ose sev51 c4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ecclesia/ical rev5ue1 "u ! law ( ,moses4 ,"u ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! tribe ( ,levi 7 only capable ( ! prie/hood1 & o!r inf]ior (fices ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! l& 0 divid$ among/ ! o!r tribes1 ,levi except$1 :i*1 by ! subdivision ( ! tribe ( ,joseph into ,ephraim & ,manasseh1 7 /ill twelve4 ,to ! tribe ( ,levi 7 assign$ c]ta9 cities = _! habitation1 ) ! suburbs = _! cattle3 b = _! portion1 !y 7 to h ! t5? ( ! fruits ( ! l& ( _! bre?r54 ,aga91 ! prie/s = _! ma9t5ance _h ! t5? ( t t5?1 toge!r ) "p ( ! oblations & sacrifices4 ,= ,god _h said to ,a>on 7,numb4 xviii4 #bj7 ,?\ %alt h no inh]itance 9 _! l&2 nei!r %alt ?\ h any "p among/ !m2 ,i am ?y "p & ?9e inh]itance among/ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,= ,god be+ !n k+1 & hav+ con/itut$ ! tribe ( ,levi to be 8 public m9i/]s1 he all[$ !m = _! ma9t5ance ! public rev5ue1 t is to say1 ! "p t ,god _h res]v$ to himself2 :i* 7 ti!s & (f]+s3 & t is x :i* is meant1 :]e ,god sai?1 ,i am ?9e inh]itance4 ,& !re=e to ! ,levites might n unfitly be attribut$ ! "n ( cl]gy1 f 1 :i* signifie? lot or inh]itance2 n t !y 7 heirs ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 m ?an o!r2 b t ,god's inh]itance 0 _! ma9t5ance4 ,n[1 see+ 9 ?is "t ,god himself 0 _! k+1 & ,moses1 ,a>on1 & ! succe$+ high-prie/s1 7 8 lieut5ants2 x is manife/1 t ! "r ( ti!s & (f]+s 0 con/itut$ by ! civil p[]4 ,aft] _! rejection ( ,god 9 ! dem&+ ( a k+1 !y enjoy$ /ill ! same rev5ue2 b ! "r !re( 0 d]iv$ f t1 t ! k+s did nev] take x f !m3 = ! public rev5ue 0 at ! dispos+ ( him t 0 ! public p]son2 & t1 till ! ,captivity1 0 ! k+4 ,& aga91 aft] ! return f ! ,captivity1 !y paid _! ti!s z be=e to ! prie/4 ,hi!rto !re=e ,*ur* liv+s 7 det]m9$ by ! civil sov]eign4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 our ,savi\r's "t1 & aft]4 ,( ! ma9t5ance ( our ,savi\r & 8 apo/les1 we read only !y _h a purse1 :i* 0 c>ri$ by ,judas ,isc>iot2 & t ( ! apo/les1 su* z 7 fi%]m5 did sometimes use _! trade2 & t :5 our ,savi\r s5t ! twelve apo/les to prea*1 he =bad !m 7,mat?4 x4 #i1 #aj73 to c>ry gold1 & silv]1 & brass 9 _! purses1 = t ! workman is wor?y ( 8 hire4 ,by :i* x is probable1 _! ord9>y ma9t5ance 0 n unsuitable to _! employm5t2 = _! employm5t 0 7v]se #h7 freely to give1 because !y _h freely receiv$2 & _! ma9t5ance 0 ! free gift ( ^? t believ$ ! good tid+ !y c>ri$ ab\t ( ! com+ ( ! ,messiah _! ,savi\r4 ,to :i* we may add1 t :i* 0 contribut$ out ( gratitude by su* z our ,savi\r _h heal$ ( diseases2 ( :i* are m5tion$ 7,luke viii4 #b1 #c7 ,c]ta9 wom5 :i* _h be5 heal$ ( evil spirits & infirmities2 ,m>y ,magdal51 out ( :om w5t sev5 devils2 & ,joanna ! wife ( ,*uza1 ,h]od's /ew>d1 & ,susanna1 & _m o!rs1 :i* m9i/]$ unto him ( _! sub/ance4 ,aft] our ,savi\r's asc5sion1 ! ,*ri/ians ( e city liv$ 9 common 7,acts iv4 #cd1ce7 ^u ! money :i* 0 made ( ! sale ( _! l&s & possessions1 & laid d[n at ! feet ( ! apo/les1 ( good w1 n ( duty2 =1 :il/ ! l& rema9$1 sai? ,/4 ,pet] to ,ananias 7,acts v4 #d71 0 x n ?9e8 & aft] x 0 sold1 0 x n 9 ?y p[]8 :i* %ewe? he ne$$ n h sav$ 8 l& nor 8 money by ly+1 z n be+ b\nd to contribute any ?+ at all1 unless he _h pleas$4 ,& z 9 ! "t ( ! apo/les1 s also all ! "t d[nw>d1 till aft] ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 we %all f9d t ! ma9t5ance ( ! bi%ops & pa/ors ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 no?+ b ! volunt>y contribution ( !m t _h embrac$ _! doctr9e4 ,!re 0 yet no m5tion ( ti!s3 b su* 0 9 ! "t ( ,con/ant9e & 8 sons ! affection ( ,*ri/ians to _! pa/ors1 z ,ammianus ,m>cell9us sai?1 describ+ ! s$ition ( ,damasus & ,ursic9us ab\t ! bi%opric1 t x 0 wor? _! cont5tion1 9 t ! bi%ops ( ^? times1 by ! lib]ality ( _! flock1 & especially ( matrons1 liv$ spl5didly1 7 c>ri$ 9 coa*es1 & 7 sumptu\s 9 _! f>e & app>el4 ,sid5ote3 ,! m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel liv$ on ! b5evol5ce ( _! flocks4 ,b "h may "s ask1 :e!r ! pa/ors 7 !n b\nd to live ^u volunt>y contribution1 z ^u alms2 ,= :o1 sai? ,/4 ,paul 7#a ,cor4 ix4 #g7 goe? to w> at 8 own *>ges8 or :o fe$e? a flock1 & eate? n ( ! milk ( ! flock8 ,& aga91 7v]se #ac7 ,d ye n "k t !y :i* m9i/] ab\t holy ?+s1 live ( ! ?+s ( ! temple2 & !y :i* wait at ! alt>1 p>take ) ! alt>2 t is to say1 h "p ( t :i* is (f]$ at ! alt> = _! ma9t5ance8 ,& !n he conclude?1 7v]se #ad7 ,ev5 s ha? ! ,"l appo9t$1 t !y :i* prea* ! gospel %\ld live ( ! gospel4 ,f :i* place may be inf]r$ inde$1 t ! pa/ors ( ! ,*ur* ought to be ma9ta9$ by _! flocks2 b n t ! pa/ors 7 to det]m9e1 ei!r ! quantity1 or ! k9d ( _! own all[ance1 & be1 z x 71 _! own c>v]s4 ,_! all[ance mu/ ne$s !re=e be det]m9$1 ei!r by ! gratitude & lib]ality ( e p>ticul> man ( _! flock1 or by ! :ole congregation4 ,by ! :ole congregation x c\ld n be1 because _! acts 7 !n no laws2 !re=e ! ma9t5ance ( pa/ors be=e emp]ors & civil sov]eigns _h made laws to settle x1 0 no?+ b b5evol5ce4 ,!y t s]v$ at ! alt> liv$ on :at 0 (f]$4 ,s may ! pa/ors also take :at is (f]$ !m by _! flock2 b n exact :at is n (f]$4 ,9 :at c\rt %\ld !y sue = x1 :o _h no tribunals8 ,or1 if !y _h arbitrators among/ !mselves1 :o %\ld execute _! judgm5ts1 :5 !y _h no p[] to arm _! (fic]s8 ,x rema9e?1 !re=e1 t !re c\ld be no c]ta9 ma9t5ance assign$ to any pa/ors ( ! ,*ur*1 b by ! :ole congregation2 & !n only1 :5 _! decrees %\ld h ! =ce1 n only ( canons1 b also ( laws2 :i* laws c\ld n be made1 b by emp]ors1 k+s1 or o!r civil sov]eigns4 ,! "r ( ti!s 9 ,moses' law1 c\ld n be appli$ to ! !n m9i/]s ( ! gospel2 because ,moses & ! high-prie/s 7 ! civil sov]eigns ( ! p "u ,god1 ^: k+dom among/ ! ,jews 0 pres5t2 :]eas ! k+dom ( ,god by ,*ri/ is yet to come4 ,hi!rto ha? be5 %ewn :at ! pa/ors ( ! ,*ur* are2 :at are ! po9ts ( _! commission1 z t !y 7 to prea*1 to tea*1 to baptize1 to be presid5ts 9 _! sev]al congregations2 :at is ecclesia/ical c5sure1 viz4 excommunication1 t is to say1 9 ^? places :]e ,*ri/ianity 0 =bidd5 by ! civil laws1 a putt+ ( !mselves out ( ! company ( ! excommunicate1 & :]e ,*ri/ianity 0 by ! civil law comm&$1 a putt+ ! excommunicate out ( ! congregations ( ,*ri/ians2 :o elect$ ! pa/ors & m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur*1 t x 0 ! congregation2 :o consecrat$ & bless$ !m1 t x 0 ! pa/or2 :at 0 _! due rev5ue1 t x 0 none b _! own possessions1 & _! own lab\r1 & ! volunt>y contributions ( dev\t & grateful ,*ri/ians4 ,we are to consid] n[1 :at (fice 9 ! ,*ur* ^? p]sons h1 :o be+ civil sov]eigns1 h embrac$ also ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,sid5ote3 ,t ! civil sov]eign1 be+ a ,*ri/ian1 ha? ! "r ( appo9t+ pa/ors4 ,& fir/1 we are to rememb]1 t ! "r ( judg+ :at doctr9es are fit = peace1 & to be taught ! subjects1 is 9 all commonweal?s insep>ably annex$1 z ha? be5 already prov$ 7*apt] ,,xviii471 to ! sov]eign p[] civil1 :e!r x be 9 "o man1 or 9 "o assembly ( m54 ,= x is evid5t to ! meane/ capacity1 t m5's actions are d]iv$ f ! op9ions !y h ( ! good or evil1 :i* f ^? actions r$\nd unto !mselves2 & consequ5tly1 m5 t are once possess$ ( an op9ion1 t _! ob$i5ce to ! sov]eign p[] w be m hurtful to !m ?an _! disob$i5ce1 w disobey ! laws1 & !reby ov]?r[ ! commonweal?1 & introduce confusion & civil w>2 = ! avoid+ :]e(1 all civil gov]nm5t 0 orda9$4 ,& !re=e 9 all commonweal?s ( ! hea!n1 ! sov]eigns h _h ! "n ( pa/ors ( ! p1 because !re 0 no subject t c\ld lawfully tea* ! p1 b by _! p]mission & au?ority4 ,?is "r ( ! hea!n k+s _c be ?\ght tak5 f !m by _! conv]sion to ! fai? ( ,*ri/2 :o nev] orda9$ t k+s1 = believ+ 9 him1 %\ld be depos$1 t is1 subject$ to any b himself1 or1 :i* is all "o1 be depriv$ ( ! p[] necess>y = ! cons]vation ( peace among/ _! subjects1 & = _! def5ce aga9/ =eign enemies4 ,& !re=e ,*ri/ian k+s are /ill ! supreme pa/ors ( _! p1 & h p[] to orda9 :at pa/ors !y please1 to tea* ! ,*ur*1 t is1 to tea* ! p committ$ to _! *>ge4 ,aga91 let ! "r ( *oos+ !m be1 z be=e ! conv]sion ( k+s1 9 ! ,*ur*2 = s x 0 9 ! "t ( ! apo/les !mselves1 z ha? be5 %[n already 9 ?is *apt]2 ev5 s also ! "r w be 9 ! civil sov]eign1 ,*ri/ian4 ,= 9 t he is a ,*ri/ian1 he all[s ! tea*+2 & 9 t he is ! sov]eign1 :i* is z mu* z to say1 ! ,*ur* by repres5tation1 ! tea*]s he elects are elect$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,& :5 an assembly ( ,*ri/ians *oose _! pa/or 9 a ,*ri/ian commonweal?1 x is ! sov]eign t electe? him1 because x is done by 8 au?ority2 9 ! same mann]1 z :5 a t[n *oose _! mayor1 x is ! act ( him t ha? ! sov]eign p[]3 = e act done1 is ! act ( him1 )\t ^: cons5t x is invalid4 ,& !re=e :atsoev] examples may be drawn out ( hi/ory1 conc]n+ ! election ( pa/ors by ! p1 or by ! cl]gy1 !y are no argum5ts aga9/ ! "r ( any civil sov]eign1 because !y t elect$ !m did x by 8 au?ority4 ,see+ !n 9 e ,*ri/ian commonweal?1 ! civil sov]eign is ! supreme pa/or1 to ^: *>ge ! :ole flock ( 8 subjects is committ$1 & consequ5tly t x is by 8 au?ority t all o!r pa/ors are made1 & h p[] to tea*1 & p]=m all o!r pa/oral (fices2 x foll[e? also1 t x is f ! civil sov]eign t all o!r pa/ors d]ive _! "r ( tea*+1 prea*+1 & o!r functions p]ta9+ to t (fice1 & t !y are b 8 m9i/]s2 9 ! same mann] z ! magi/rates ( t[ns1 judges 9 c\rts ( ju/ice1 & comm&]s ( armies1 are all b m9i/]s ( him t is ! magi/rate ( ! :ole commonweal?1 judge ( all causes1 & comm&] ( ! :ole militia1 :i* is always ! civil sov]eign4 ,& ! reason h]e(1 is n because !y t tea*1 b because !y t are to le>n1 are 8 subjects4 ,= let x be suppos$1 t a ,*ri/ian k+ commit ! au?ority ( orda9+ pa/ors 9 8 dom9ions to ano!r k+1 z div]s ,*ri/ian k+s all[ t p[] to ! ,pope2 he do? n !reby con/itute a pa/or ov] himself1 nor a sov]eign pa/or ov] 8 p2 = t 7 to deprive himself ( ! civil p[]2 :i*1 dep5d+ on ! op9ion m5 h ( _! duty to him & ! fe> !y h ( puni%m5t 9 ano!r _w1 w\ld dep5d also on ! skill & loyalty ( doctors1 :o are no less subject1 n only to ambition1 b also to ignorance1 ?an any o!r sort ( m54 ,s t :]e a /rang] ha? au?ority to appo9t tea*]s1 x is giv5 him by ! sov]eign 9 ^: dom9ions he tea*e?4 ,*ri/ian doctors are our s*oolma/]s to ,*ri/ianity2 b k+s are fa!rs ( families1 & may receive s*oolma/]s = _! subjects f ! recomm5dation ( a /rang]1 b n f ! comm&2 especially :5 ! ill tea*+ !m %all r$\nd to ! great & manife/ pr(it ( him t recomm5ds !m3 nor c !y be oblig$ to reta9 !m1 long] ?an x is = ! public good2 ! c>e ( :i* !y /& s long *>g$ )al1 z !y reta9 any o!r ess5tial "r ( ! sov]eignty4 ,sid5ote3 ,! pa/oral au?ority ( sov]eigns only is jure div9o2 t ( o!r pa/ors is jure civili4 ,if a man !re=e %\ld ask a pa/or1 9 ! execution ( 8 (fice1 z ! *ief-prie/s & eld]s ( ! p 7,mat?4 xxi4 #bc7 ask$ our ,savi\r1 ,by :at au?ority doe/ ?\ ^! ?+s1 & :o gave !e ?is au?ority8 he c make no o!r j answ]1 b t he do? x by ! au?ority ( ! commonweal?1 giv5 him by ! k+1 or assembly t repres5te? x4 ,all pa/ors1 except ! supreme1 execute _! *>ges 9 ! "r1 t is by ! au?ority ( ! civil sov]eign1 t is1 jure civili4 ,b ! k+1 & e o!r sov]eign1 execute? 8 (fice ( supreme pa/or by imm$iate au?ority f ,god1 t is to say1 9 ,god's "r or jure div9o4 ,& !re=e none b k+s c put into _! titles a m>k ( _! submission to ,god only1 ,dei grati rex1 c4 ,bi%ops ought to say 9 ! beg9n+ ( _! m&ates1 ,by ! fav\r ( ! ,k+'s ,maje/y1 bi%op ( su* a diocese2 or z civil m9i/]s1 9 ,8 ,maje/y's "n4 ,= 9 say+1 ,div9 provid5ti1 :i* is ! same ) ,dei grati1 ?\gh disguis$1 !y d5y to h receiv$ _! au?ority f ! civil /ate2 & slily slip (f ! coll> ( _! civil subjection1 contr>y to ! unity & def5ce ( ! commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/ian k+s h p[] to execute all mann] ( pa/oral function4 ,b if e ,*ri/ian sov]eign be ! supreme pa/or ( 8 own subjects1 x seeme? t he ha? also ! au?ority1 n only to prea*1 :i* p]haps no man w d5y1 b also to baptize & to adm9i/] ! sacram5t ( ! ,"l's ,supp]3 & to consecrate bo? temples & pa/ors to ,god's s]vice2 :i* mo/ m5 d5y2 p>tly because !y use n to d x1 & p>tly because ! adm9i/ration ( sacram5ts1 & consecration ( p]sons & places to holy uses1 require? ! imposition ( su* m5's h&s1 z by ! l imposition successively f ! "t ( ! apo/les h be5 orda9$ to ! l m9i/ry4 ,= pro( !re=e t ,*ri/ian k+s h p[] to baptize1 & to consecrate1 ,i am to r5d] a reason1 bo? :y !y use n to d x1 & h[1 )\t ! ord9>y c]emony ( imposition ( h&s1 !y are made capable ( do+ x :5 !y w4 ,!re is no d\bt b any k+1 9 case he 7 skilful 9 ! sci5ces1 might by ! same "r ( 8 (fice read lectures ( !m himself1 by :i* he au?orize? o!rs to read !m 9 ! univ]sities4 ,nev]!less1 because ! c>e ( ! sum ( ! bus9ess ( ! commonweal? take? up 8 :ole "t1 x 7 n conv5i5t = him to apply himself 9 p]son to t p>ticul>4 ,a k+ may also1 if he please1 sit 9 judgm5t to he> & det]m9e all mann] ( causes1 z well z give o!rs au?ority to d x 9 8 "n2 b t ! *>ge1 t lie? ^u him ( comm& & gov]nm5t1 con/ra9 him to be cont9ually at ! helm1 & to commit ! m9i/]ial (fices to o!rs "u him4 ,9 ! l mann] our ,savi\r1 :o surely _h p[] to baptize1 baptiz$ none 7,john iv4 #b7 himself1 b s5t 8 apo/les & disciples to baptize4 ,s also ,/4 ,paul1 by ! necessity ( prea*+ 9 div]s & f> di/ant places1 baptiz$ few3 among/ all ! ,cor9?ians he baptiz$ only 7#a ,cor4 i4 #ad1 #af17 ,crispus1 ,gaius1 & ,/ephanas2 & ! reason 01 7#a ,cor4 i4 #ag7 because 8 pr9cipal *>ge 0 to prea*4 ,:]eby x is manife/1 t ! great] *>ge1 su* z is ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 is a disp5sation = ! less4 ,! reason !re=e :y ,*ri/ian k+s use n to baptize1 is evid5t1 & ! same = :i* at ?is day !re are few baptiz$ by bi%ops1 & by ! ,pope few]4 ,& z conc]n+ imposition ( h&s1 :e!r x be ne$ful = ! au?oris+ ( a k+ to baptize & consecrate1 we may consid] ?us3 ,imposition ( h&s1 0 a mo/ anci5t public c]emony among/ ! ,jews1 by :i* 0 design$1 & made c]ta91 ! p]son1 or o!r ?+ int5d$ 9 a man's pray]1 bless+1 sacrifice1 consecration1 condemnation1 or o!r spee*4 ,s ,jacob1 9 bless+ ! *ildr5 ( ,joseph 7,g54 xlviii4 #ad71 ,laid 8 "r h& on ,ephraim ! y\ng]1 & 8 left h& on ,manasseh ! fir/ born2 & ?is he did witt+ly 7?\gh !y 7 s pres5t$ to him by ,joseph1 z he 0 =c$ 9 do+ x to /ret* out 8 arms across7 to design to :om he int5d$ ! great] bless+4 ,s also 9 ! sacrific+ ( ! burnt (f]+1 ,a>on is comm&$ 7,exod4 xxix4 #aj7 to lay 8 h&s on ! head ( ! bullock3 & 7v]se #ae7 to lay 8 h& on ! head ( ! ram4 ,! same is also said aga9 ,levit4 i4 #d1 & viii4 #ad4 ,likewise ,moses1 :5 he orda9$ ,jo%ua to be capta9 ( ! ,israelites1 t is1 consecrat$ him to ,god's s]vice1 7,numb4 xxvii4 #bc7 ,laid 8 h&s ^u him1 & gave him 8 *>ge1 design+ & r5d]+ c]ta91 :o x 0 !y 7 to obey 9 w>4 ,& 9 ! consecration ( ! ,levites 7,numb4 viii4 #aj71 ,god comm&$ t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel %\ld put _! h&s ^u ! ,levites4 ,& 9 ! condemnation ( him t _h blasphem$ ! ,"l 7,levit4 xxiv4 #ad71 ,god comm&$ t all t he>d him %\ld lay _! h&s on 8 head1 & t all ! congregation %\ld /one him4 ,& :y %\ld !y only t he>d him1 lay _! h&s ^u him1 & n r a prie/1 ,levite1 or o!r m9i/] ( ju/ice1 b t none else 7 able to design & to demon/rate to ! eyes ( ! congregation1 :o x 0 t _h blasphem$ & ought to die8 ,& to design a man or any o!r ?+1 by ! h& to ! eye1 is less subject to mi/ake1 ?an :5 x is done to ! e> by a "n4 ,& s mu* 0 ?is c]emony obs]v$1 t 9 bless+ ! :ole congregation at once1 :i* _c be done by lay+ on ( h&s1 yet ,a>on 7,levit4 ix4 #bb7 did lift up 8 h&s t[>d ! p :5 he bless$ !m4 ,& we read also ( ! l c]emony ( consecration ( temples among/ ! hea!n1 z t ! prie/ laid 8 h&s on "s po/ ( ! temple1 all ! :ile he 0 utt]+ ! words ( consecration4 ,s natural x is to design any individual ?+1 r by ! h&1 to assure ! eyes1 ?an by words to in=m ! e>1 9 matt]s ( ,god's public s]vice4 ,?is c]emony 0 n !re=e new 9 our ,savi\r's "t4 ,= ,jairus 7,m>k v4 #bc71 ^: daught] 0 sick1 bes\ght our ,savi\r1 n to heal h]1 b to lay 8 h&s ^u h] t %e might be heal$4 ,& 7,mat!w xix4 #ac7 !y br\ght unto him little *ildr51 t he %\ld put 8 h&s on !m1 & pray4 ,accord+ to ?is anci5t rite1 ! apo/les1 & presbyt]s1 & ! presbyt]y itself1 laid h&s on !m :om !y orda9$ pa/ors1 & )al pray$ = !m t !y might receive ! ,holy ,gho/2 & t n only once1 b sometimes (t5]1 :5 a new occasion 0 pres5t$3 b ! end 0 /ill ! same1 namely a punctual & religi\s designation ( ! p]son1 orda9$ ei!r to ! pa/oral *>ge 9 g5]al1 or to a p>ticul> mission4 ,s 7,acts vi4 #f7 ,! apo/les pray$1 & laid _! h&s on ! sev5 deacons2 :i* 0 done1 n to give !m ! ,holy ,gho/1 7= !y 7 full ( ! ,holy ,gho/ be=e !y 7 *os51 z appe>e? imm$iately be=e1 v]se #c7 b to design !m to t (fice4 ,& aft] ,philip ! deacon _h conv]t$ c]ta9 p]sons 9 ,sam>ia1 ,pet] & ,john w5t d[n 7,acts viii4 #ag71 & laid _! h&s on !m1 & !y receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& n only an apo/le1 b a presbyt] _h ?is p[]3 = ,/4 ,paul advise? ,timo?y 7#a ,tim4 v4 #bb7 ,lay h&s sudd5ly on no man2 t is1 design no man ra%ly to ! (fice ( a pa/or4 ,! :ole presbyt]y laid _! h&s on ,timo?y1 z we read #a ,tim4 iv4 #ad3 b ?is is to be und]/ood1 z t "s did x by ! appo9tm5t ( ! presbyt]y1 & mo/ likely _! 1 or prolocutor1 :i* x may be 0 ,/4 ,paul himself4 ,= 9 8 second ,epi/le to ,timo?y1 7*ap4 i4 #f7 he sai? to him1 ,/ir up ! gift ( ,god1 :i* is 9 !e by ! lay+ on ( my h&s3 :]e note by ! way1 t by ! ,holy ,gho/1 is n meant ! ?ird p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity1 b ! gifts necess>y to ! pa/oral (fice4 ,we read also1 t ,/4 ,paul _h imposition ( h&s twice2 once f ,ananias at ,damascus1 7,acts ix4 #ag1 #ah7 at ! "t ( 8 baptism2 & aga9 7,acts xiii4 #c7 at ,antio*1 :5 he 0 fir/ s5t out to prea*4 ,! use !n ( ?is c]emony1 consid]$ 9 ! ord9ation ( pa/ors1 0 to design ! p]son to :om !y gave su* p[]4 ,b if !re _h be5 !n any ,*ri/ian1 t _h _h ! p[] ( tea*+ be=e2 ! baptiz+ ( him1 t is1 ! mak+ him a ,*ri/ian1 _h giv5 him no new p[]1 b _h only caus$ him to prea* true doctr9e1 t is1 to use 8 p[] aright2 & !re=e ! imposition ( h&s _h be5 unnecess>y2 baptism itself _h be5 suffici5t4 ,b e sov]eign1 be=e ,*ri/ianity1 _h ! p[] ( tea*+1 & orda9+ tea*]s2 & !re=e ,*ri/ianity gave !m no new "r1 b only direct$ !m 9 ! way ( tea*+ tru?2 & consequ5tly !y ne$$ no imposition ( h&s1 besides t :i* is done 9 baptism1 to au?orize !m to ex]cise any "p ( ! pa/oral function1 z namely1 to baptize & consecrate4 ,& 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ?\gh ! prie/ only _h "r to consecrate1 dur+ ! "t t ! sov]eignty 0 9 ! high-prie/2 yet x 0 n s :5 ! sov]eignty 0 9 ! k+4 ,= we read 7#a ,k+s viii47 t ,solomon bless$ ! p1 consecrat$ ! ,temple1 & pron\nc$ t public pray] :i* is ! patt]n n[ = consecration ( all ,*ri/ian *ur*es & *apels3 :]eby x appe>s1 he _h n only ! "r ( ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t1 b also ( ex]cis+ ecclesia/ical functions4 ,sid5ote3 ,! civil sov]eign1 if a ,*ri/ian1 is head ( ! ,*ur* 9 8 own dom9ions4 ,f ?is consolidation ( ! "r politic & ecclesia/ic 9 ,*ri/ian sov]eigns1 x is evid5t1 !y h all mann] ( p[] ov] _! subjects1 t c be giv5 to man1 = ! gov]nm5t ( m5's ext]nal actions1 bo? 9 policy & religion2 & may make su* laws z !mselves %all judge fitte/1 = ! gov]nm5t ( _! own subjects1 bo? z !y are ! commonweal?1 & z !y are ! ,*ur*2 = bo? ,/ate & ,*ur* are ! same m54 ,if !y please1 !re=e1 !y may1 z _m ,*ri/ian k+s n[ d1 commit ! gov]nm5t ( _! subjects 9 matt]s ( religion to ! ,pope2 b !n ! ,pope is 9 t po9t subord9ate to !m1 & ex]cise? t *>ge 9 ano!r's dom9ion jure civili1 9 ! "r ( ! civil sov]eign2 n jure div9o1 9 ,god's "r2 & may !re=e be dis*>g$ ( t (fice1 :5 ! sov]eign1 = ! good ( 8 subjects1 %all ?9k x necess>y4 ,!y may also1 if !y please1 commit ! c>e ( religion to "o supreme pa/or1 or to an assembly ( pa/ors2 & give !m :at p[] ov] ! ,*ur*1 or "o ov] ano!r1 !y ?9k mo/ conv5i5t2 & :at titles ( hon\r1 z ( ar*bi%ops1 bi%ops1 prie/s1 or presbyt]s1 !y w2 & make su* laws = _! ma9t5ance1 ei!r by ti!s or o!rwise1 z !y please1 s !y d x out ( a s9c]e consci5ce1 ( :i* ,god only is ! judge4 ,x is ! civil sov]eign t is to appo9t judges & int]pret]s ( ! canonical ,scriptures2 = x is he t make? !m laws4 ,x is he also t give? /r5g? to excommunications2 :i* b = su* laws & puni%m5ts1 z may humble ob/9ate lib]t9es1 & r$uce !m to union ) ! re/ ( ! ,*ur*1 w\ld be contemn$4 ,9 sum1 he ha? ! supreme p[] 9 all causes1 z well ecclesia/ical z civil1 z f> z conc]ne? actions & words1 = ^? only are kn[n & may be accus$2 & ( t :i* _c be accus$1 !re is no judge at all b ,god1 t kn[e? ! he>t4 ,& ^! rights are incid5t to all sov]eigns1 :e!r mon>*s or assemblies3 = !y t are ! repres5tants ( a ,*ri/ian p1 are repres5tants ( ! ,*ur*3 = a ,*ur*1 & a commonweal? ( ,*ri/ian p1 are ! same ?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e's books1 ,de ,summo ,pontifice consid]$4 ,?\gh ?is t ,i h "h said1 & 9 o!r places ( ?is book1 seem cle> en\gh = ! ass]t+ ( ! supreme ecclesia/ical p[] to ,*ri/ian sov]eigns2 yet because ! ,pope ( ,rome's *all5ge to t p[] univ]sally1 ha? be5 ma9ta9$ *iefly1 & ,i ?9k1 z /rongly z is possible1 by ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e1 9 8 controv]sy ,de ,summo ,pontifice2 ,i h ?\ght x necess>y1 z briefly z ,i c1 to exam9e ! gr\nds & /r5g? ( 8 disc\rse4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fir/ book4 ,( five books he ha? writt5 ( ?is subject1 ! fir/ conta9e? ?ree que/ions3 "o1 :i* is simply ! be/ gov]nm5t1 ,mon>*y1 ,ari/ocracy1 or ,democracy2 & conclude? = nei!r1 b = a gov]nm5t mix$ ( all ?ree3 ano!r1 :i* ( ^! is ! be/ gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*2 & conclude? = ! mix$1 b :i* %\ld mo/ p>ticipate ( mon>*y3 ! ?ird1 :e!r 9 ?is mix$ mon>*y1 ,/4 ,pet] _h ! place ( mon>*4 ,conc]n+ 8 fir/ conclusion1 ,i h already suffici5tly prov$ 7*apt] ,,xviii47 t all gov]nm5ts :i* m5 are b\nd to obey1 are simple & absolute4 ,9 mon>*y !re is b "o man supreme2 & all o!r m5 t h any k9d ( p[] 9 ! /ate1 h x by 8 commission1 dur+ 8 pleasure1 & execute x 9 8 "n3 & 9 ari/ocracy & democracy1 b "o supreme assembly1 ) ! same p[] t 9 mon>*y belonge? to ! mon>*1 :i* is n a mix$1 b an absolute sov]eignty4 ,& ( ! ?ree sorts1 :i* is ! be/1 is n to be disput$1 :]e any "o ( !m is already e/abli%$2 b ! pres5t ought always to be pref]r$1 ma9ta9$1 & acc\nt$ be/2 because x is aga9/ bo? ! law ( nature1 & ! div9e positive law1 to d any?+ t5d+ to ! subv]sion !re(4 ,besides1 x make? no?+ to ! p[] ( any pa/or1 unless he h ! civil sov]eignty1 :at k9d ( gov]nm5t is ! be/2 because _! call+ is n to gov]n m5 by comm&m5t1 b to tea* !m1 & p]suade !m by argum5ts1 & leave x to !m to consid] :e!r !y %all embrace1 or reject ! doctr9e taught4 ,= mon>*y1 ari/ocracy1 & democracy1 d m>k out unto u ?ree sorts ( sov]eigns1 n ( pa/ors2 or1 z we may say1 ?ree sorts ( ma/]s ( families1 n ?ree sorts ( s*oolma/]s = _! *ildr54 ,& !re=e ! second conclusion1 conc]n+ ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 is no?+ to ! "q ( ! ,pope's p[] )\t 8 own dom9ions4 ,= 9 all o!r commonweal?s 8 p[]1 if he h any at all1 is t ( ! s*oolma/] only1 & n ( ! ma/] ( ! family4 ,= ! ?ird conclusion1 :i* is1 t ,/4 ,pet] 0 mon>* ( ! ,*ur*1 he br+e? = 8 *ief argum5t ! place ( ,/4 ,mat!w 7*ap4 xvi4 #ah1 #ai7 ,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build my ,*ur*1 c4 ,& ,i w give !e ! keys ( heav52 :atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>?1 %all be b\nd 9 heav51 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>?1 %all be loos$ 9 heav54 ,:i* place1 well consid]$1 prove? no m1 b t ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ ha? = f\ndation "o only article2 namely1 t :i* ,pet] 9 ! "n ( all ! apo/les pr(ess+1 gave occasion to our ,savi\r to speak ! words "h cit$4 ,:i* t we may cle>ly und]/&1 we are to consid]1 t our ,savi\r prea*$ by himself1 by ,john ! ,bapti/1 & by 8 apo/les1 no?+ b ?is article ( fai?1 t he 0 ! ,*ri/2 all o!r articles requir+ fai? no o!rwise1 ?an z f\nd$ on t4 ,john began fir/1 7,mat?4 iii4 #b7 prea*+ only ?is1 ! k+dom ( ,god is at h&4 ,!n our ,savi\r himself 7,mat?4 iv4 #ag7 prea*$ ! same3 & to 8 twelve apo/les1 :5 he gave !m _! commission1 7,mat?4 x4 #g71 !re is no m5tion ( prea*+ any o!r article b t4 ,?is 0 ! fundam5tal article1 t is ! f\ndation ( ! ,*ur*'s fai?4 ,aft]w>ds ! apo/les be+ return$ to him1 he 7,mat?4 xvi4 #ac7 aske? !m all1 n ,pet] only1 :o m5 said he 02 & !y answ]$1 t "s said he 0 ,john ! ,bapti/1 "s ,elias1 & o!rs ,j]emiah1 or "o ( ! ,prophets4 ,!n 7v]se #ae7 he ask$ !m all aga91 n ,pet] only1 :om say ye t ,i am8 ,!re=e ,/4 ,pet] answ]$ = !m all1 ,?\ art ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god2 :i* ,i said is ! f\ndation ( ! fai? ( ! :ole ,*ur*2 f :i* our ,savi\r takes ! occasion ( say+1 ^u ?is /one ,i w build my ,*ur*3 by :i* x is manife/1 t by ! f\ndation-/one ( ! ,*ur*1 0 meant ! fundam5tal article ( ! ,*ur*'s fai?4 ,b :y !n1 w "s object1 do? our ,savi\r int]pose ^! words1 ?\ art ,pet]8 ,if ! orig9al ( ?is text _h be5 rigidly translat$1 ! reason w\ld easily h appe>$4 ,we are !re=e to consid]1 t ! apo/le ,simon 0 surnam$ ,/one1 :i* is ! signification ( ! ,syriac ^w ,cephas1 & ( ! ,greek ^w 4 ,our ,savi\r !re=e1 aft] ! confession ( t fundam5tal article1 allud+ to 8 "n1 said 7z if x 7 9 ,engli%7 ?us1 ,?\ art ,/one1 & ^u ?is ,/one ,i w build my ,*ur*3 :i* is z mu* z to say1 ?is article1 t ,i am ! ,*ri/1 is ! f\ndation ( all ! fai? ,i require 9 ^? t are to be memb]s ( my ,*ur*4 ,nei!r is ?is allusion to a "n1 an unusual ?+ 9 common spee*4 ,b x _h be5 a /range & obscure spee*1 if our ,savi\r1 int5d+ to build 8 ,*ur* on ! p]son ( ,/4 ,pet]1 _h said1 ?\ art a /one1 & ^u ?is /one ,i w build my ,*ur*2 :5 x 0 s obvi\s1 )\t ambiguity1 to h said1 ,i w build my ,*ur* on !e2 & yet !re _h be5 /ill ! same allusion to 8 "n4 ,& = ! foll[+ words1 ,i w give !e ! keys ( heav51 c4 x is no m ?an :at our ,savi\r gave also to all ! re/ ( 8 disciples1 7,mat?4 xviii4 #ah71 ,:atsoev] ye %all b9d on e>?1 %all be b\nd 9 heav53 & :atsoev] ye %all loose on e>?1 %all be loos$ 9 heav54 ,b h[soev] ?is be int]pret$1 !re is no d\bt b ! p[] "h grant$ belongs to all supreme pa/ors2 su* z are all ,*ri/ian civil sov]eigns 9 _! own dom9ions4 ,9 s mu*1 z if ,/4 ,pet]1 or our ,savi\r himself1 _h conv]t$ any ( !m to believe him1 & to ackn[l$ge 8 k+dom2 yet1 because 8 k+dom is n ( ?is _w1 he _h left ! supreme c>e ( conv]t+ 8 subjects to none b him2 or else he mu/ h depriv$ him ( ! sov]eignty1 to :i* ! "r ( tea*+ is insep>ably annex$4 ,& ?us mu* 9 refutation ( 8 fir/ book1 :]e9 he w\ld prove ,/4 ,pet] to h be5 ! mon>* univ]sal ( ! ,*ur*1 t is to say1 ( all ! ,*ri/ians 9 ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,! second book4 ,! second book ha? two conclusions3 "o1 t ,/4 ,pet] 0 bi%op ( ,rome1 & !re di$3 ! o!r1 t ! ,popes ( ,rome are 8 successors4 ,bo? :i* h be5 disput$ by o!rs4 ,b suppos+ !m true2 yet if by ,bi%op ( ,rome1 be und]/ood ei!r ! mon>* ( ! ,*ur*1 or ! supreme pa/or ( x2 n ,silve/]1 b ,con/ant9e1 :o 0 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian emp]or1 0 t bi%op2 & z ,con/ant9e1 s all o!r ,*ri/ian emp]ors1 7 ( "r supreme bi%ops ( ! ,roman empire3 ,i say1 ( ! ,roman empire1 n ( all ,*ri/5dom2 = o!r ,*ri/ian sov]eigns _h ! same "r 9 _! sev]al t]ritories1 z to an (fice ess5tially adh]5t to _! sov]eignty4 ,:i* %all s]ve = answ] to 8 second book4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ?ird book4 ,9 ! ?ird book he h&le? ! "q1 :e!r ! ,pope be ,anti*ri/8 ,= my "p1 ,i see no argum5t t proves he is s1 9 t s5se ! ,scripture use? ! "n3 nor w ,i take any argum5t f ! quality ( ,anti*ri/1 to contradict ! au?ority he ex]cise?1 or ha? h]et(ore ex]cis$1 9 ! dom9ions ( any o!r pr9ce or /ate4 ,x is evid5t t ! prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t =etold1 & ! ,jews expect$ a ,messiah1 t is1 a ,*ri/1 t %\ld re-e/abli% among/ !m ! k+dom ( ,god1 :i* _h be5 reject$ by !m 9 ! "t ( ,samuel1 :5 !y requir$ a k+ aft] ! mann] ( o!r nations4 ,?is expectation ( !irs made !m obnoxi\s to ! impo/ure ( all su*1 z _h bo? ! ambition to attempt ! atta9+ ( ! k+dom1 & ! art to deceive ! p by c\nt]feit miracles1 by hypocritical life1 or by orations & doctr9e plausible4 ,our ,savi\r !re=e1 & 8 apo/les1 =ew>n$ m5 ( false prophets & ( false ,*ri/s4 ,false ,*ri/s are su* z pret5d to be ! ,*ri/1 b are n1 & are call$ prop]ly ,anti*ri/s2 9 su* s5se1 z :5 !re happ5e? a s*ism 9 ! ,*ur*1 by ! election ( two ,popes1 ! "o calle? ! o!r ,antipapa1 or ! false ,pope4 ,& !re=e ,anti*ri/ 9 ! prop] signification ha? two ess5tial m>ks2 "o1 t he d5ie? ,jesus to be ,*ri/2 & ano!r t he pr(esse? himself to be ,*ri/4 ,! fir/ m>k is set d[n by ,/4 ,john 9 8 fir/ ,epi/le1 iv4 #c1 ,e ,_s t confesse? n t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle%1 is n ( ,god2 & ?is is ! _s ( ,anti*ri/4 ,! o!r m>k is express$ 9 ! words ( our ,savi\r1 7,mat?4 xxiv4 #e7 _m %all come 9 my "n1 say+1 ,i am ,*ri/2 & aga91 7v]se #bc7 ,if any man %all say unto y1 lo6 "h is ,*ri/1 !re is ,*ri/1 believe x n4 ,& !re=e ,anti*ri/ mu/ be a false ,*ri/2 t is1 "s "o ( !m t %all pret5d !mselves to be ,*ri/4 ,& out ( ^! two m>ks1 to d5y ,jesus to be ! ,*ri/1 & to affirm himself to be ! ,*ri/1 x foll[e?1 t he mu/ also be an adv]s>y ( ,jesus ! true ,*ri/1 :i* is ano!r usual signification ( ! ^w ,anti*ri/4 ,b ( ^! _m ,anti*ri/s1 !re is "o special "o1 1 ! ,anti*ri/1 or ,anti*ri/ def9itely1 z "o c]ta9 p]son2 n indef9itely an ,anti*ri/4 ,n[1 see+ ! ,pope ( ,rome nei!r pret5de? himself1 nor d5ie? ,jesus to be ! ,*ri/1 ,i p]ceive n h[ he c be call$ ,anti*ri/2 by :i* ^w is n meant1 "o t falsely pret5de? to be 8 lieut5ant or vic>-g5]al1 b to be ,he4 ,!re is also "s m>k ( ! "t ( ?is special ,anti*ri/1 z 7,mat?4 xxiv4 #ae71 :5 t abom9able de/roy]1 spok5 ( by ,daniel 7,dan4 ix4 #bg7 %all /& 9 ! ,holy place1 & su* tribulation z 0 n s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 nor ev] %all be aga91 insomu* z if x 7 to la/ long1 7,mat?4 xxiv4 #bb7 no fle% c\ld be sav$2 b = ! elect's sake ^? days %all be %ort5$1 made few]4 ,b t tribulation is n yet come2 = x is to be foll[$ imm$iately 7v]se #bi7 by a d>k5+ ( ! sun & moon1 a fall+ ( ! />s1 a concussion ( ! heav5s1 & ! glori\s com+ aga9 ( our ,savi\r 9 ! cl\ds4 ,& !re=e ! ,anti*ri/ is n yet come2 :]eas1 _m ,popes are bo? come & gone4 ,x is true1 ! ,pope1 9 tak+ ^u him to give laws to all ,*ri/ian k+s & nations1 usurpe? a k+dom 9 ?is _w1 :i* ,*ri/ took n on him3 b he do? x n z ,*ri/1 b z = ,*ri/1 :]e9 !re is no?+ ( ! ,anti*ri/4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\r? book4 ,9 ! f\r? book1 to prove ! ,pope to be ! supreme judge 9 all que/ions ( fai? & mann]s1 :i* is z mu* z to be ! absolute mon>* ( all ,*ri/ians 9 ! _w1 he br+e? ?ree propositions3 ! fir/1 t 8 judgm5ts are infallible3 ! second1 t he c make v laws1 & puni% ^? t obs]ve !m n3 ! ?ird1 t our ,savi\r conf]r$ all jurisdiction ecclesia/ical on ! ,pope ( ,rome4 ,sid5ote3 ,texts = ! infallibility ( ! ,pope's judgm5t 9 po9ts ( fai?4 ,= ! infallibility ( 8 judgm5ts1 he allege? ! ,scriptures3 & fir/1 t ( ,luke1 xxii4 #ca1 #cb3 ,simon1 ,simon1 ,satan ha? desir$ y1 t he may sift y z :eat2 b ,i h pray$ = !e1 t ?y fai? fail n2 & :5 ?\ art conv]t$1 /r5g!n ?y bre?r54 ,?is1 accord+ to ,bell>m9e's exposition1 is1 t ,*ri/ gave "h to ,simon ,pet] two privileges3 "o1 t nei!r 8 fai? %\ld fail1 nor ! fai? ( any ( 8 successors3 ! o!r1 t nei!r he1 nor any ( 8 successors1 %\ld ev] def9e any po9t conc]n+ fai? or mann]s errone\sly1 or contr>y to ! def9ition ( a =m] ,pope3 :i* is a /range1 & v mu* /ra9$ int]pretation4 ,b he t ) att5tion reade? t *apt]1 %all f9d !re is no place 9 ! :ole ,scripture t make? m aga9/ ! ,pope's au?ority1 ?an ?is v place4 ,! ,prie/s & ,scribes seek+ to kill our ,savi\r at ! ,passov]1 & ,judas possess$ ) a resolution to betray him1 & ! day ( kill+ ! ,passov] be+ come1 our ,savi\r celebrat$ ! same ) 8 apo/les1 :i* he said1 till ! k+dom ( ,god 0 come he w\ld d no m2 & )al told !m1 t "o ( !m 0 to betray him4 ,h]eupon !y que/ion$ :i* ( !m x %\ld be2 & )al1 see+ ! next ,passov] _! ma/] w\ld celebrate %\ld be :5 he 0 k+1 ent]$ into a cont5tion1 :o %\ld !n be ! greate/ man4 ,our ,savi\r !re=e told !m1 t ! k+s ( ! nations _h dom9ion ov] _! subjects1 & are call$ by a "n 9 ,hebrew1 t signifies b\ntiful2 b ,i _c be s to y1 y mu/ endeav\r to s]ve "o ano!r2 ,i orda9 y a k+dom1 b x is su* z my ,fa!r ha? orda9$ me2 a k+dom t ,i am n[ to pur*ase ) my blood1 & n to possess till my second com+2 !n ye %all eat & dr9k at my table1 & sit on ?rones judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel4 ,& !n address+ himself to ,/4 ,pet]1 he sai?2 ,simon1 ,simon1 ,satan seeks1 by sugge/+ a pres5t dom9ation1 to weak5 y\r fai? ( ! future2 b ,i h pray$ = !e1 t ?y fai? %all n fail2 ?\ !re=e note ?is1 be+ conv]t$1 & und]/&+ my k+dom z ( ano!r _w1 confirm ! same fai? 9 ?y bre?r54 ,to :i* ,/4 ,pet] answ]$1 z "o t no m expect$ any au?ority 9 ?is _w1 ,"l1 ,i am ready to g ) !e1 n only to prison1 b to dea?4 ,:]eby x is manife/1 ,/4 ,pet] _h n only no jurisdiction giv5 him 9 ?is _w1 b a *>ge to tea* all ! o!r apo/les1 t !y also %\ld h none4 ,& = ! infallibility ( ,/4 ,pet]'s s5t5ce def9itive 9 matt] ( fai?1 !re is no m to be attribut$ to x out ( ?is text1 ?an t ,pet] %\ld cont9ue 9 ! belief ( ?is po9t1 namely1 t ,*ri/ %\ld come aga9 & possess ! k+dom at ! day ( judgm5t2 :i* 0 n giv5 by ?is text to all 8 successors2 = we see !y claim x 9 ! _w t n[ is4 ,! second place is t ( ,mat?4 xvi4 #ah1 ,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build my ,*ur*1 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x4 ,by :i*1 z ,i h already %[n 9 ?is *apt]1 is prov$ no m1 ?an t ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ ! confession ( ,pet]1 :i* gave occasion to t spee*2 namely ?is1 t ,jesus is ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ,god4 ,! ?ird text is ,john xxi4 #af1 #ag3 ,fe$ my %eep2 :i* conta9s no m b a commission ( tea*+4 ,& if we grant ! re/ ( ! apo/les to be conta9$ 9 t "n ( %eep2 !n x is ! supreme p[] ( tea*+3 b x 0 only = ! "t t !re 7 no ,*ri/ian sov]eigns already possess$ ( t supremacy4 ,b ,i h already prov$1 t ,*ri/ian sov]eigns are 9 _! own dom9ions ! supreme pa/ors1 & in/itut$ !reto1 by virtue ( _! be+ baptiz$1 ?\gh )\t o!r imposition ( h&s4 ,= su* imposition1 be+ a c]emony ( design+ ! p]son1 is ne$less1 :5 he is already design$ to ! p[] ( tea*+ :at doctr9e he w1 by 8 in/itution to an absolute p[] ov] 8 subjects4 ,= z ,i h prov$ be=e1 sov]eigns are supreme tea*]s1 9 g5]al1 by _! (fice2 & !re=e oblige !mselves1 by _! baptism1 to tea* ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/3 & :5 !y suff] o!rs to tea* _! p1 !y d x at ! p]il ( _! own s\ls2 = x is at ! h&s ( ! heads ( families t ,god w require ! acc\nt ( ! in/ruction ( 8 *ildr5 & s]vants4 ,x is ( ,abraham himself1 n ( a hirel+1 t ,god sai? 7,g54 xviii4 #ai7 ,i "k him t he w comm& 8 *ildr51 & 8 h\sehold aft] him1 t !y keep ! way ( ! ,"l1 & d ju/ice & judgm5t4 ,! f\r? place is t ( ,exod4 xxviii4 #cj3 ,?\ %alt put 9 ! brea/-plate ( judgm5t1 ! ,urim & ! ,?ummim3 :i* he sai? is int]pret$ by ! ,septuag9t 2 t is1 evid5ce & tru?3 & !nce conclude?1 ,god ha? giv5 evid5ce & tru?1 :i* is almo/ infallibility1 to ! high-prie/4 ,b be x evid5ce & tru? itself t 0 giv52 or be x b admonition to ! prie/ to endeav\r to in=m himself cle>ly1 & give judgm5t uprightly2 yet 9 t x 0 giv5 to ! high-prie/1 x 0 giv5 to ! civil sov]eign2 7= su* next "u ,god 0 ! high-prie/ 9 ! commonweal? ( ,israel72 & is an argum5t = evid5ce & tru?1 t is1 = ! ecclesia/ical supremacy ( civil sov]eigns ov] _! own subjects1 aga9/ ! pret5d$ p[] ( ! ,pope4 ,^! are all ! texts he br+e? = ! infallibility ( ! judgm5t ( ! ,pope 9 po9t ( fai?4 ,sid5ote3 ,texts = ! same1 9 po9t ( mann]s4 ,= ! infallibility ( 8 judgm5t conc]n+ mann]s1 he br+e? "o text1 :i* is t ( ,john xvi4 #ac3 ,:5 ! ,_s ( tru? is come1 he w lead y into all tru?3 :]e1 sai? he1 by all tru?1 is meant1 at lea/ all tru? necess>y to salvation4 ,b ) ?is mitigation1 he attribute? no m infallibility to ! ,pope1 ?an to any man t pr(esse? ,*ri/ianity & is n to be damn$4 ,= if any man err 9 any po9t1 :]e9 n to err is necess>y to salvation1 x is impossible he %\ld be sav$2 = t only is necess>y to salvation1 )\t :i* to be sav$ is impossible4 ,:at po9ts ^! are1 ,i %all decl>e out ( ! ,scripture 9 ! *apt] foll[+4 ,9 ?is place ,i say no m1 b t ?\gh x 7 grant$1 ! ,pope c\ld n possibly tea* any error at all1 yet do? n ?is entitle him to any jurisdiction 9 ! dom9ions ( ano!r pr9ce2 unless we %all also say1 a man is oblig$ 9 consci5ce to set on "w ^u all occasions ! be/ workman1 ev5 !n also :5 he ha? =m]ly promis$ 8 "w to ano!r4 ,besides ! text1 he argue? f reason1 ?us4 ,if ! ,pope c\ld err 9 necess>ies1 !n ,*ri/ ha? n suffici5tly provid$ = ! ,*ur*'s salvation2 because he ha? comm&$ h] to foll[ ! ,pope's directions4 ,b ?is reason is invalid1 unless he %ew :5 & :]e ,*ri/ comm&$ t1 or took at all any notice ( a ,pope4 ,nay1 grant+ :atsoev] 0 giv5 to ,/4 ,pet]1 0 giv5 to ! ,pope2 yet see+ !re is 9 ! ,scripture no comm& to any man to obey ,/4 ,pet]1 no man c be j1 t obeye? him1 :5 8 comm&s are contr>y to ^? ( 8 lawful sov]eign4 ,la/ly1 x ha? n be5 decl>$ by ! ,*ur*1 nor by ! ,pope himself1 t he is ! civil sov]eign ( all ! ,*ri/ians 9 ! _w2 & !re=e all ,*ri/ians are n b\nd to ackn[l$ge 8 jurisdiction 9 po9t ( mann]s4 ,= ! civil sov]eignty1 & supreme judicature 9 controv]sies ( mann]s1 are ! same ?+3 & ! mak]s ( civil laws1 are n only decl>]s1 b also mak]s ( ! ju/ice & inju/ice ( actions2 !re be+ no?+ 9 m5's mann]s t makes !m righte\s or unrighte\s1 b _! con=mity ) ! law ( ! sov]eign4 ,& !re=e1 :5 ! ,pope *all5ge? supremacy 9 controv]sies ( mann]s1 he tea*e? m5 to disobey ! civil sov]eign2 :i* is an errone\s doctr9e1 contr>y to ! _m precepts ( our ,savi\r & 8 apo/les1 deliv]$ to u 9 ! ,scripture4 ,to prove ! ,pope has p[] to make laws1 he allege? _m places2 z fir/1 7,deut4 xvii4 #ab71 ,! man t w d presumptu\sly1 & w n he>k5 unto ! prie/1 t /&e? to m9i/] !re be=e ! ,"l ?y ,god1 or unto ! judge1 ev5 t man %all die2 & ?\ %alt put away ! evil f ,israel4 ,= answ] :]eunto1 we are to rememb] t ! high-prie/1 next & imm$iately "u ,god1 0 ! civil sov]eign2 & all judges 7 to be con/itut$ by him4 ,! words alleg$ s\nd !re=e ?us3 ,! man t w presume to disobey ! civil sov]eign = ! "t be+1 or any ( 8 (fic]s 9 ! execution ( _! places1 t man %all die1 c42 :i* is cle>ly = ! civil sov]eignty1 aga9/ ! univ]sal p[] ( ! ,pope4 ,secondly1 he allege? t ( ,mat?4 xvi4 #ai1 ,:atsoev] ye %all b9d1 c4 & int]prete? x = su* b9d+ z is attribut$ 7,mat?4 xxiii4 #d7 to ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 ,!y b9d heavy bur!ns1 & griev\s to be borne1 & lay !m on m5's %\ld]s2 by :i* is meant1 he says1 mak+ ( laws2 & concludes !nce1 t ! ,pope c make laws4 ,b ?is also make? only = ! legislative p[] ( civil sov]eigns4 ,= ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees sat 9 ,moses' *air2 b ,moses next "u ,god 0 sov]eign ( ! p ( ,israel3 & !re=e our ,savi\r comm&$ !m to d all t !y %\ld say1 b n all t !y %\ld d3 t is1 to obey _! laws1 b n foll[ _! example4 ,! ?ird place is ,john xxi4 #af1 ,fe$ my %eep2 :i* is n a p[] to make laws1 b a comm& to tea*4 ,mak+ laws belongs to ! "l ( ! family2 :o by 8 own discretion *oose? 8 *apla91 z also a s*oolma/] to tea* 8 *ildr54 ,! f\r? place 7,john xx4 #ba7 is aga9/ him4 ,! words are1 ,z my fa!r s5t me1 s s5d ,i y4 ,b our ,savi\r 0 s5t to r$eem by 8 dea? su* z %\ld believe1 & by 8 own & 8 apo/les' prea*+ to prep>e !m = _! entrance into 8 k+dom2 :i* he himself sai?1 is n ( ?is _w1 & ha? taught u to pray = ! com+ ( x h]eaft]1 ?\gh he refus$ 7,acts i4 #f1 #g7 to tell 8 apo/les :5 x %\ld come2 & 9 :i*1 :5 x comes1 ! twelve apo/les %all sit on twelve ?rones1 e "o p]haps z high z t ( ,/4 ,pet]1 to judge ! twelve tribes ( ,israel4 ,see+ !n ,god ! ,fa!r s5t n our ,savi\r to make laws 9 ?is pres5t _w1 we may conclude f ! text1 t nei!r did our ,savi\r s5d ,/4 ,pet] to make laws "h1 b to p]suade m5 to expect 8 second com+ ) a /eadfa/ fai?2 & 9 ! mean "t1 if subjects1 to obey _! pr9ces2 & if pr9ces1 bo? to believe x !mselves1 & to d _! be/ to make _! subjects d ! same2 :i* is ! (fice ( a bi%op4 ,!re=e ?is place make? mo/ /rongly = ! jo9+ ( ! ecclesia/ical supremacy to ! civil sov]eignty1 contr>y to t :i* ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e allege? x =4 ,! fif? place is ,acts xv4 #bh1 #bi1 ,x ha? seem$ good to ! ,holy ,_s & to u1 to lay ^u y no great] bur!n1 ?an ^! necess>y ?+s1 t ye ab/a9 f meats (f]$ to idols1 & f blood1 & f ?+s /rangl$1 & f =nication4 ,"h he notes ! ^w lay+ ( bur!ns = ! legislative p[]4 ,b :o is !re1 t read+ ?is text1 c say1 ?is /yle ( ! apo/les may n z prop]ly be us$ 9 giv+ c\nsel1 z 9 mak+ laws8 ,! /yle ( a law is1 we comm&3 b1 we ?9k good1 is ! ord9>y /yle ( !m1 t b give advice2 & !y lay a bur!n t give advice1 ?\gh x be conditional1 t is1 if !y to :om !y give x1 w atta9 _! ends3 & su* is ! bur!n ( ab/a9+ f ?+s /rangl$1 & f blood2 n absolute1 b 9 case !y w n err4 ,i h %[n be=e1 7*apt] ,,xxv47 t law is di/+ui%$ f c\nsel 9 ?is1 t ! reason ( a law is tak5 f ! design & b5efit ( him t prescribe? x2 b ! reason ( a c\nsel1 f ! design & b5efit ( him to :om ! c\nsel is giv54 ,b "h1 ! apo/les aim only at ! b5efit ( ! conv]t$ ,g5tiles1 namely _! salvation2 n at _! own b5efit2 = hav+ done _! endeav\r1 !y %all h _! rew>d1 :e!r !y be obey$ or n4 ,& !re=e ! acts ( ?is c\ncil1 7 n laws1 b c\nsels4 ,! six? place is t ( ,rom4 xiii1 ,let e s\l be subject to ! high] p[]s1 = !re is no p[] b ( ,god2 :i* is meant1 he sai?1 n only ( secul>1 b also ( ecclesia/ical pr9ces4 ,to :i* ,i answ]1 fir/1 t !re are no ecclesia/ical pr9ces b ^? t are also civil sov]eigns2 & _! pr9cipalities exce$ n ! compass ( _! civil sov]eignty2 )\t ^? b\nds1 ?\gh !y may be receiv$ = doctors1 !y _c be ackn[l$g$ = pr9ces4 ,= if ! apo/le _h meant1 we %\ld be subject bo? to our own pr9ces1 & also to ! ,pope1 he _h taught u a doctr9e1 :i* ,*ri/ himself ha? told u is impossible1 namely1 to s]ve two ma/]s4 ,& ?\gh ! apo/le say 9 ano!r place1 7#b ,cor4 xiii4 #aj7 ,i write ^! ?+s be+ abs5t1 le/ be+ pres5t ,i %\ld use %>pness1 accord+ to ! p[] :i* ! ,"l ha? giv5 me2 x is n1 t he *all5g$ a p[] ei!r to put to dea?1 imprison1 bani%1 :ip1 or f9e any ( !m1 :i* are puni%m5ts2 b only to excommunicate1 :i*1 )\t ! civil p[]1 is no m b a leav+ ( _! company1 & hav+ no m to d ) !m ?an ) a hea!n man or a publican2 :i* 9 _m occasions might be a great] pa9 to ! excommunicant1 ?an to ! excommunicate4 ,! sev5? place is #a ,cor4 iv4 #ba1 ,%all ,i come unto y ) a rod1 or 9 love1 & ! _s ( l5ity8 ,b "h aga91 x is n ! p[] ( a magi/rate to puni% (f5d]s1 t is meant by a rod2 b only ! p[] ( excommunication1 :i* is n 9 its own nature a puni%m5t1 b only a d5\nc+ ( puni%m5t1 t ,*ri/ %all inflict :5 he %all be 9 possession ( 8 k+dom1 at ! day ( judgm5t4 ,nor !n also %all x be prop]ly a puni%m5t1 z ^u a subject t ha? brok5 ! law2 b a rev5ge1 z ^u an enemy or revolt]1 t d5ie? ! "r ( our ,savi\r to ! k+dom4 ,& !re=e ?is prove? n ! legislative p[] ( any bi%op1 t has n also ! civil p[]4 ,! eigh? place is #a ,timo?y1 iii4 #b2 ,a bi%op mu/ be ! husb& ( b "o wife1 vigilant1 sob]1 c43 :i* he sai? 0 a law4 ,i ?\ght t none c\ld make a law 9 ! ,*ur*1 b ! mon>* ( ! ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,pet]4 ,b suppose ?is precept made by ! au?ority ( ,/4 ,pet]2 yet ,i see no reason :y to call x a law1 r ?an an advice1 see+ ,timo?y 0 n a subject1 b a disciple ( ,/4 ,paul2 nor ! flock "u ! *>ge ( ,timo?y1 8 subjects 9 ! k+dom1 b 8 s*ol>s 9 ! s*ool ( ,*ri/4 ,if all ! precepts he give? ,timo?y be laws1 :y is n ?is also a law1 7#a ,tim4 v4 #bc7 ,dr9k no long] wat]1 b use a little w9e = ?y heal?'s sake4 ,& :y are n also ! precepts ( good physicians s _m laws1 b t x is n ! imp]ative mann] ( speak+1 b an absolute subjection to a p]son1 t make? 8 precepts laws8 ,9 l mann]1 ! n9? place1 #a ,tim4 v4 #ai1 ,aga9/ an eld] receive n an accusation1 b be=e two or ?ree witnesses1 is a wise precept1 b n a law4 ,! t5? place is ,luke x4 #af1 ,he t he>e? y1 he>e? me2 & he t despise? y1 despise? me4 ,& !re is no d\bt1 b he t despise? ! c\nsel ( ^? t are s5t by ,*ri/1 despise? ! c\nsel ( ,*ri/ himself4 ,b :o are ^? n[ t are s5t by ,*ri/1 b su* z are orda9$ pa/ors by lawful au?ority8 ,& :o are lawfully orda9$1 t are n orda9$ by ! sov]eign pa/or8 ,& :o is orda9$ by ! sov]eign pa/or 9 a ,*ri/ian commonweal?1 t is n orda9$ by ! au?ority ( ! sov]eign !re(8 ,out ( ?is place !re=e x foll[e?1 t he :i* he>e? 8 sov]eign1 be+ a ,*ri/ian1 he>e? ,*ri/2 & he t despise? ! doctr9e :i* 8 k+1 be+ a ,*ri/ian1 au?orize?1 despise? ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/3 :i* is n t :i* ,bell>m9e int5de? "h to prove1 b ! contr>y4 ,b all ?is is no?+ to a law4 ,nay m1 a ,*ri/ian k+1 z a pa/or & tea*] ( 8 subjects1 makes n !reby 8 doctr9es laws4 ,he _c oblige m5 to believe2 ?\gh z a civil sov]eign he may make laws suitable to 8 doctr9e1 :i* may oblige m5 to c]ta9 actions1 & sometimes to su* z !y w\ld n o!rwise d1 & :i* he ought n to comm&2 & yet :5 !y are comm&$1 !y are laws2 & ! ext]nal actions done 9 ob$i5ce to !m1 )\t ! inw>d approbation1 are ! actions ( ! sov]eign1 & n ( ! subject1 :i* is 9 t case b z an in/rum5t1 )\t any motion ( 8 own at all2 because ,god ha? comm&$ to obey !m4 ,! elev5? is e place :]e ! apo/le = c\nsel putte? "s ^w1 by :i* m5 use to signify comm&2 or calle? ! foll[+ ( 8 c\nsel by ! "n ( ob$i5ce4 ,& !re=e !y are alleg$ out ( #a ,cor4 xi4 #b1 ,i comm5d y = keep+ my precepts z ,i deliv]$ !m to y4 ,! ,greek is1 ,i comm5d y = keep+ ^? ?+s ,i deliv]$ to y1 z ,i deliv]$ !m4 ,:i* is f> f signify+ t !y 7 laws1 or any?+ else1 b good c\nsel4 ,& t ( #a ,!ss4 iv4 #b1 ,y "k :at comm&m5ts we gave y3 :]e ! ,greek ^w is 1 equival5t to 1 :at we deliv]$ to y1 z 9 ! place next be=e alleg$1 :i* does n prove ! traditions ( ! apo/les to be any m ?an c\nsels2 ?\gh z is said 9 ! #h? v]se1 he t despise? !m1 despise? n man1 b ,god4 ,= our ,savi\r himself came n to judge1 t is1 to be k+ 9 ?is _w2 b to sacrifice himself = s9n]s1 & leave doctors 9 8 ,*ur* to lead1 n to drive m5 to ,*ri/1 :o nev] accepte? =c$ actions1 7:i* is all ! law produce?17 b ! inw>d conv]sion ( ! he>t2 :i* is n ! "w ( laws1 b ( c\nsel & doctr9e4 ,& t ( #b ,!ss4 iii4 #ad1 ,if any man obey n our ^w by ?is ,epi/le1 note t man1 & h no company ) him1 t he may be a%am$3 :]e f ! ^w obey1 he w\ld inf]1 t ?is epi/le 0 a law to ! ,!ssalonians4 ,! epi/les ( ! emp]ors 7 inde$ laws4 ,if !re=e ! epi/le ( ,/4 ,paul 7 also a law1 !y 7 to obey two ma/]s4 ,b ! ^w obey1 z x is 9 ! ,greek 1 signifie? he>k5+ to or putt+ 9 practice1 n only t :i* is comm&$ by him t has "r to puni%1 b also t :i* is deliv]$ 9 a way ( c\nsel = our good2 & !re=e ,/4 ,paul does n bid kill him t disobeys2 nor beat1 nor imprison1 nor am]ce him1 :i* legislators may all d2 b avoid 8 company1 t he may be a%am$3 :]eby x is evid5t1 x 0 n ! empire ( an apo/le1 b 8 reputation among/ ! fai?ful1 :i* ! ,*ri/ians /ood 9 awe (4 ,! la/ place is t ( ,heb4 xiii4 #ag1 ,obey y\r lead]s1 & submit y\rselves to !m2 = !y wat* = y\r s\ls1 z !y t mu/ give acc\nt3 & "h also is int5d$ by ob$i5ce1 a foll[+ ( _! c\nsel4 ,= ! reason ( our ob$i5ce is n drawn f ! w & comm& ( our pa/ors1 b f our own b5efit1 z be+ ! salvation ( our s\ls !y wat* =1 & n = ! exaltation ( _! own p[] & au?ority4 ,if x 7 meant "h1 t all !y tea* 7 laws1 !n n only ! ,pope1 b e pa/or 9 8 p>i% %\ld h legislative p[]4 ,aga91 !y t are b\nd to obey _! pa/ors1 h no p[] to exam9e _! comm&s4 ,:at !n %all we say to ,/4 ,john1 :o bids u 7#a ,epi/le iv4 #a7 ,n to believe e _s1 b to try ! spirits :e!r !y are ( ,god2 because _m false prophets are gone out into ! _w8 ,x is !re=e manife/1 t we may dispute ! doctr9e ( our pa/ors2 b no man c dispute a law4 ,! comm&s ( civil sov]eigns are on all sides grant$ to be laws3 if any else c make a law besides himself1 all commonweal?1 & consequ5tly all peace & ju/ice mu/ cease2 :i* is contr>y to all laws bo? div9e & human4 ,no?+ !re=e c be drawn f ^!1 or any o!r places ( ,scripture1 to prove ! decrees ( ! ,pope1 :]e he has n also ! civil sov]eignty1 to be laws4 ,sid5ote3 ,! "q ( sup]iority betwe5 ! ,pope & o!r bi%ops4 ,! la/ po9t he w\ld prove1 is ?is1 ,t our ,savi\r ,*ri/ has committ$ ecclesia/ical jurisdiction imm$iately to none b ! ,pope4 ,:]e9 he h&le? n ! "q ( supremacy betwe5 ! ,pope & ,*ri/ian k+s1 b betwe5 ! ,pope & o!r bi%ops4 ,& fir/1 he says1 x is agre$ t ! jurisdiction ( bi%ops is at lea/ 9 ! g5]al de jure div9o1 t is1 9 ! "r ( ,god2 = :i* he alleges ,/4 ,paul1 ,eph4 iv4 #aa1 :]e he says1 t ,*ri/ aft] 8 asc5sion into heav51 gave gifts to m51 "s apo/les1 "s prophets1 & "s evangeli/s1 & "s pa/ors1 & "s tea*]s2 & !nce inf]s1 !y h inde$ _! jurisdiction 9 ,god's "r2 b w n grant !y h x imm$iately f ,god1 b d]iv$ ?r\gh ! ,pope4 ,b if a man may be said to h 8 jurisdiction de jure div9o1 & yet n imm$iately2 :at lawful jurisdiction1 ?\gh b civil1 is !re 9 a ,*ri/ian commonweal?1 t is n also de juro div9o8 ,= ,*ri/ian k+s h _! civil p[] f ,god imm$iately2 & ! magi/rates "u him ex]cise _! sev]al *>ges 9 virtue ( 8 commission2 :]e9 t :i* !y d1 is no less de jure div9o m$iato1 ?an t :i* ! bi%ops d 9 virtue ( ! ,pope's ord9ation4 ,all lawful p[] is ( ,god1 imm$iately 9 ! ,supreme ,gov]nor1 & m$iately 9 ^? t h au?ority "u him3 s t ei!r he mu/ grant e con/able 9 ! /ate1 to hold 8 (fice 9 ! "r ( ,god2 or he mu/ n hold t any bi%op holds 8 s1 besides ! ,pope himself4 ,b ?is :ole dispute1 :e!r ,*ri/ left ! jurisdiction to ! ,pope only1 or to o!r bi%ops also1 if consid]$ out ( ^? places :]e ! ,pope has ! civil sov]eignty1 is a cont5tion de lana capr9a3 = none ( !m1 :]e !y are n sov]eigns1 has any jurisdiction at all4 ,= jurisdiction is ! p[] ( he>+ & det]m9+ causes betwe5 man & man2 & c belong to none b him t ha? ! p[] to prescribe ! rules ( "r & wrong2 t is1 to make laws2 & ) ! sword ( ju/ice to compel m5 to obey 8 decisions1 pron\nc$ ei!r by himself1 or by ! judges he orda9e? !reunto2 :i* none c lawfully d b ! civil sov]eign4 ,!re=e :5 he allege? out ( *apt] vi4 ( ,luke1 t our ,savi\r call$ 8 disciples toge!r1 & *ose twelve ( !m1 :i* he nam$ apo/les1 he prove? t he elect$ !m 7all1 except ,mat?ias1 ,paul & ,b>nabas17 & gave !m p[] & comm& to prea*1 b n to judge ( causes betwe5 man & man3 = t is a p[] :i* he refus$ to take ^u himself1 say+1 ,:o made me a judge1 or a divid]1 among/ y8 & 9 ano!r place1 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w4 ,b he t ha? n ! p[] to he> & det]m9e causes betwe5 man & man1 _c be said to h any jurisdiction at all4 ,& yet ?is h9d]s n1 b t our ,savi\r gave !m p[] to prea* & baptize 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 suppos+ !y 7 n by _! own lawful sov]eign =bidd53 = to our own sov]eigns ,*ri/ himself1 & 8 apo/les1 h 9 sundry places expressly comm&$ u 9 all ?+s to be ob$i5t4 ,! argum5ts by :i* he w\ld prove1 t bi%ops receive _! jurisdiction f ! ,pope 7see+ ! ,pope 9 ! dom9ions ( o!r pr9ces ha? no jurisdiction himself17 are all 9 va94 ,yet because !y prove1 on ! contr>y1 t all bi%ops receive jurisdiction1 :5 !y h x1 f _! civil sov]eigns1 ,i w n omit ! recital ( !m4 ,! fir/ is f *apt] xi4 ( ,numb]s1 :]e ,moses n be+ able alone to und]go ! :ole bur!n ( adm9i/]+ ! affairs ( ! p ( ,israel1 ,god comm&$ him to *oose sev5ty eld]s1 & took "p ( ! _s ( ,moses1 to put x ^u ^? sev5ty eld]s3 by :i* is und]/ood1 n t ,god weak5$ ! _s ( ,moses2 = t _h n eas$ him at all2 b t !y _h all ( !m _! au?ority f him2 :]e9 he do? truly & +5u\sly int]pret t place4 ,b see+ ,moses _h ! entire sov]eignty 9 ! commonweal? ( ! ,jews1 x is manife/1 t x is !reby signifi$1 t !y _h _! au?ority f ! civil sov]eign3 & !re=e t place prove? t bi%ops 9 e ,*ri/ian commonweal? h _! au?ority f ! civil sov]eign2 & f ! ,pope 9 8 own t]ritories only1 & n 9 ! t]ritories ( any o!r /ate4 ,! second argum5t1 is f ! nature ( mon>*y2 :]e9 all au?ority is 9 "o man1 & 9 o!rs by d]ivation f him4 ,b ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 he says1 is mon>*ical4 ,?is also makes = ,*ri/ian mon>*s4 ,= !y are really mon>*s ( _! own p2 t is1 ( _! own ,*ur*2 = ! ,*ur* is ! same ?+ ) a ,*ri/ian p2 :]eas ! p[] ( ! ,pope1 ?\gh he 7 ,/4 ,pet]1 is nei!r mon>*y1 nor ha? any?+ ( ar*ical1 nor cratical1 b only ( didactical2 = ,god accepte? n a =c$1 b a will+ ob$i5ce4 ,! ?ird1 is f t ! see ( ,/4 ,pet] is call$ by ,/4 ,cyprian1 ! head1 ! s\rce1 ! root1 ! sun1 f :5ce ! au?ority ( bi%ops is d]iv$4 ,b by ! law ( nature1 :i* is a bett] pr9ciple ( "r & wrong ?an ! ^w ( any doctor t is b a man1 ! civil sov]eign 9 e commonweal?1 is ! head1 ! s\rce1 ! root1 & ! sun1 f :i* all jurisdiction is d]iv$4 ,& !re=e ! jurisdiction ( bi%ops1 is d]iv$ f ! civil sov]eign4 ,! f\r?1 is tak5 f ! inequality ( _! jurisdictions4 ,= if ,god1 sai? he1 _h giv5 x !m imm$iately1 he _h giv5 z well equality ( jurisdiction1 z ( ord]3 b we see1 "s are bi%ops b ( "o t[n1 "s ( a hundr$ t[ns1 & "s ( _m :ole prov9ces2 :i* diff]5ces 7 n det]m9$ by ! comm& ( ,god2 _! jurisdiction !re=e is n ( ,god1 b ( man2 & "o has a great]1 ano!r a less1 z x please? ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:i* argum5t1 if he _h prov$ be=e1 t ! ,pope _h an univ]sal jurisdiction ov] all ,*ri/ians1 _h be5 = 8 purpose4 ,b see+ t ha? n be5 prov$1 & t x is notori\sly kn[n1 ! l>ge jurisdiction ( ! ,pope 0 giv5 him by ^? t _h x1 t is1 by ! emp]ors ( ,rome1 7= ! patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 ^u ! same title1 namely ( be+ bi%op ( ! capital city ( ! empire1 & seat ( ! emp]or1 claim$ to be equal to him71 x foll[e?1 t all o!r bi%ops h _! jurisdiction f ! sov]eigns ( ! place :]e9 !y ex]cise ! same4 ,& z = t cause !y h n _! au?ority de jure div9o2 s nei!r ha? ! ,pope 8 de jure div9o1 except only :]e he is also ! civil sov]eign4 ,8 fif? argum5t is ?is3 if bi%ops h _! jurisdiction imm$iately f ,god1 ! ,pope c\ld n take x f !m1 = he c d no?+ contr>y to ,god's ord9ation2 & ?is consequ5ce is good1 & well prov$4 ,b1 sai? he1 ! ,pope c d ?is1 & has done x4 ,?is also is grant$1 s he d x 9 8 own dom9ions1 or 9 ! dom9ions ( any o!r pr9ce t ha? giv5 him t p[]2 b n univ]sally1 9 "r ( ! pop$om3 = t p[] belonge? to e ,*ri/ian sov]eign1 )9 ! b\nds ( 8 own empire1 & is insep>able f ! sov]eignty4 ,be=e ! p ( ,israel _h1 by ! comm&m5t ( ,god to ,samuel1 set ov] !mselves a k+1 aft] ! mann] ( o!r nations1 ! high-prie/ _h ! civil gov]nm5t2 & none b he c\ld make or depose an inf]ior prie/4 ,b t p[] 0 aft]w>ds 9 ! k+1 z may be prov$ by ?is same argum5t ( ,bell>m9e2 = if ! prie/1 be he ! high-prie/ or any o!r1 _h 8 jurisdiction imm$iately f ,god1 !n ! k+ c\ld n take x f him2 = he c\ld d no?+ contr>y to ,god's ord9ance4 ,b x is c]ta9 t k+ ,solomon 7#a ,k+s ii4 #bf1 #bg7 depriv$ ,abia?> ! high-prie/ ( 8 (fice1 & plac$ ,zadok 7v]se #ce7 9 8 room4 ,k+s !re=e may 9 l mann] orda9 & deprive bi%ops1 z !y %all ?9k fit = ! well-gov]n+ ( _! subjects4 ,8 six? argum5t is ?is1 if bi%ops h _! jurisdiction de jure div9o1 t is1 imm$iately f ,god1 !y t ma9ta9 x1 %\ld br+ "s ^w ( ,god to prove x3 b !y c br+ none4 ,! argum5t is good2 ,i h !re=e no?+ to say aga9/ x4 ,b x is an argum5t no less good1 to prove ! ,pope himself to h no jurisdiction 9 ! dom9ion ( any o!r pr9ce4 ,la/ly1 he br+e? = argum5t ! te/imony ( two popes1 ,innoc5t & ,leo2 & ,i d\bt n he might h alleg$1 ) z good reason1 ! te/imonies ( all ! popes almo/ s9ce ,/4 ,pet]4 ,= consid]+ ! love ( p[] naturally implant$ 9 mank9d1 :osoev] 7 made ,pope1 he w\ld be tempt$ to uphold ! same op9ion4 ,nev]!less1 !y %\ld !re9 b d1 z ,innoc5t & ,leo did1 be> witness ( !mselves1 & !re=e _! witness %\ld n be good4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! ,pope's temporal p[]4 ,9 ! fif? book he ha? f\r conclusions4 ,! fir/ is1 t ! ,pope is n "l ( all ! _w3 ! second1 t ! ,pope is n ! "l ( all ! ,*ri/ian _w3 ! ?ird1 t ! ,pope1 )\t 8 own t]ritory1 has n any temporal jurisdiction ,,directly4 ,^! ?ree conclusions are easily grant$4 ,! f\r? is1 t ! ,pope has1 9 ! dom9ions ( o!r pr9ces1 ! supreme temporal p[] ,,indirectly3 :i* is d5i$2 unless he mean by indirectly1 t he has gott5 x by indirect means1 !n is t also grant$4 ,b ,i und]/&1 t :5 he sai? he ha? x indirectly1 he means1 t su* temporal jurisdiction belonge? to him ( "r1 b t ?is "r is b a consequ5ce ( 8 pa/oral au?ority1 ! :i* he c\ld n ex]cise unless he h ! o!r ) x3 & !re=e to ! pa/oral p[]1 :i* he calls spiritual1 ! supreme p[] civil is necess>ily annex$2 & t !reby he ha? a "r to *ange k+doms1 giv+ !m to "o & tak+ !m f ano!r1 :5 he %all ?9k x conduces to ! salvation ( s\ls4 ,be=e ,i come to consid] ! argum5ts by :i* he w\ld prove ?is doctr9e1 x w n be amiss to lay op5 ! consequ5ces ( x2 t pr9ces & /ates1 t h ! civil sov]eignty 9 _! sev]al commonweal?s1 may be?9k !mselves1 :e!r x be conv5i5t = !m1 & conduc+ to ! good ( _! subjects1 ( :om !y are to give an acc\nt at ! day ( judgm5t1 to admit ! same4 ,:5 x is said1 ! ,pope ha? n1 9 ! t]ritories ( o!r /ates1 ! supreme civil p[] directly2 we are to und]/&1 he do? n *all5ge x1 z o!r civil sov]eigns d1 f ! orig9al submission !reto ( ^? t are to be gov]n$4 ,= x is evid5t1 & has already be5 suffici5tly 9 ?is treatise demon/rat$1 t ! "r ( all sov]eigns is d]iv$ orig9ally f ! cons5t ( e "o ( ^? t are to be gov]n$2 :e!r !y t *oose him1 d x = _! common def5ce aga9/ an enemy1 z :5 !y agree among/ !mselves to appo9t a man or an assembly ( m5 to protect !m2 or :e!r !y d x1 to save _! lives1 by submission to a conqu]+ enemy4 ,! ,pope !re=e1 :5 he disclaime? ! supreme civil p[] ov] o!r /ates directly1 d5ie? no m1 b t 8 "r come? to him by t way2 he cease? n = all t1 to claim x ano!r way2 & t is1 )\t ! cons5t ( !m t are to be gov]n$1 by a "r giv5 him by ,god1 :i* he calle? indirectly1 9 8 assumption to ! papacy4 ,b by :at way soev] he pret5d1 ! p[] is ! same2 & he may1 if x be grant$ to be 8 "r1 depose pr9ces & /ates1 z (t5 z x is = ! salvation ( s\ls1 t is1 z (t5 z he w2 = he claime? also ! sole p[] to judge :e!r x be to ! salvation ( m5's s\ls or n4 ,& ?is is ! doctr9e1 n only t ,bell>m9e "h1 & _m o!r doctors1 tea* 9 _! s]mons & books1 b also t "s c\ncils h decre$1 & ! ,popes h accord+ly1 :5 ! occasion ha? s]v$ !m1 put 9 practice4 ,= ! f\r? c\ncil ( ,lat]an1 held "u ,pope ,innoc5t ! ,?ird1 9 ! ?ird *apt] ,de ,hreticis1 ha? ?is canon3 ,if a k+1 at ! ,pope's admonition1 d n purge 8 k+dom ( h]etics1 & be+ excommunicate = ! same1 make n satisfaction )9 a ye>1 8 subjects are absolv$ ( _! ob$i5ce4 ,& ! practice h]e( ha? be5 se5 on div]s occasions2 z 9 ! depos+ ( ,*ilp]ic1 k+ ( ,france2 9 ! translation ( ! ,roman empire to ,*>lemagne2 9 ! oppression ( ,john1 k+ ( ,engl&2 9 transf]r+ ! k+dom ( ,nav>re2 & ( late ye>s1 9 ! league aga9/ ,h5ry ! ,?ird ( ,france1 & 9 _m m occurr5ces4 ,i ?9k !re be few pr9ces t consid] n ?is z unju/1 & inconv5i5t2 b ,i wi% !y w\ld all resolve to be k+s or subjects4 ,m5 _c s]ve two ma/]s4 ,!y ought !re=e to ease !m1 ei!r by hold+ ! re9s ( gov]nm5t :olly 9 _! own h&s2 or by :olly deliv]+ !m into ! h&s ( ! ,pope2 t su* m5 z are will+ to be ob$i5t1 may be protect$ 9 _! ob$i5ce4 ,= ?is di/9ction ( temporal & spiritual p[] is b words4 ,p[] is z really divid$1 & z dang]\sly to all purposes1 by %>+ ) ano!r indirect p[]1 z ) a direct "o4 ,b to come n[ to 8 argum5ts4 ,! fir/ is ?is1 ,! civil p[] is subject to ! spiritual3 !re=e he t ha? ! supreme p[] spiritual1 ha? "r to comm& temporal pr9ces1 & dispose ( _! temporals 9 ord] to ! spiritual4 ,z = ! di/9ction ( temporal & spiritual1 let u consid] 9 :at s5se x may be said intelligibly1 t ! temporal or civil p[] is subject to ! spiritual4 ,!re be b two ways t ^? words c be made s5se4 ,= :5 we say1 "o p[] is subject to ano!r p[]1 ! mean+ ei!r is1 t he :i* ha? ! "o1 is subject to him t ha? ! o!r2 or t ! "o p[] is to ! o!r1 z ! means to ! end4 ,= we _c und]/&1 t "o p[] ha? p[] ov] ano!r p[]2 or t "o p[] c h "r or comm& ov] ano!r4 ,= subjection1 comm&1 "r1 & p[]1 are accid5ts1 n ( p[]s1 b ( p]sons4 ,"o p[] may be subord9ate to ano!r1 z ! art ( a saddl] to ! art ( a rid]4 ,if !n x be grant$1 t ! civil gov]nm5t be orda9$ z a means to br+ u to a spiritual felicity2 yet x does n foll[1 t if a k+ h ! civil p[]1 & ! ,pope ! spiritual1 t !re=e ! k+ is b\nd to obey ! ,pope1 m ?an e saddl] is b\nd to obey e rid]4 ,!re=e z f subord9ation ( an art1 _c be inf]r$ ! subjection ( ! pr(essor2 s f ! subord9ation ( a gov]nm5t1 _c be inf]r$ ! subjection ( ! gov]nor4 ,:5 !re=e he sai?1 ! civil p[] is subject to ! spiritual1 8 mean+ is1 t ! civil sov]eign is subject to ! spiritual sov]eign4 ,& ! argum5t /&s ?us1 ,! civil sov]eign is subject to ! spiritual2 !re=e ! spiritual pr9ce may comm& temporal pr9ces4 ,:]e ! conclusion is ! same ) ! antec$5t he %\ld h prov$4 ,b to prove x1 he allege? fir/1 ?is reason3 ,k+s & popes1 cl]gy & laity1 make b "o commonweal?2 t is to say1 b "o ,*ur*3 & 9 all bodies ! memb]s dep5d "o ^u ano!r3 b ?+s spiritual dep5d n ( ?+s temporal3 !re=e temporal dep5d on spiritual1 & !re=e are subject to !m4 ,9 :i* argum5tation !re be two gross errors3 "o is1 t all ,*ri/ian k+s1 popes1 cl]gy1 & all o!r ,*ri/ian m51 make b "o commonweal?4 ,= x is evid5t t ,france is "o commonweal?1 ,spa9 ano!r1 & ,v5ice a ?ird1 c4 ,& ^! consi/ ( ,*ri/ians2 & !re=e also are sev]al bodies ( ,*ri/ians2 t is to say1 sev]al ,*ur*es3 & _! sev]al sov]eigns repres5t !m1 :]eby !y are capable ( comm&+ & obey+1 ( do+ & suff]+1 z a natural man2 :i* no g5]al or univ]sal ,*ur* is1 till x h a repres5tant2 :i* x ha? n on e>?3 = if x _h1 !re is no d\bt b t all ,*ri/5dom 7 "o commonweal?1 ^: sov]eign 7 t repres5tant1 bo? 9 ?+s spiritual & temporal4 ,& ! ,pope1 to make himself ?is repres5tant1 wante? ?ree ?+s t our ,savi\r ha? n giv5 him1 to comm&1 & to judge1 & to puni%1 o!rwise ?an1 by excommunication1 to run f ^? t w n le>n ( him4 ,= ?\gh ! ,pope 7 ,*ri/'s only vic>1 yet he _c ex]cise 8 gov]nm5t1 till our ,savi\r's second com+3 & !n also x is n ! ,pope1 b ,/4 ,pet] himself ) ! o!r apo/les1 t are to be judges ( ! _w4 ,! o!r error 9 ?is 8 fir/ argum5t is1 t he says1 ! memb]s ( e commonweal?1 z ( a natural body1 dep5d "o ( ano!r4 ,x is true1 !y coh]e toge!r2 b !y dep5d only on ! sov]eign1 :i* is ! s\l ( ! commonweal?2 :i* fail+1 ! commonweal? is dissolv$ into a civil w>1 no "o man s mu* z coh]+ to ano!r1 = want ( a common dep5dance on a kn[n sov]eign2 j z ! memb]s ( ! natural body dissolve into e>?1 = want ( a s\l to hold !m toge!r4 ,!re=e !re is no?+ 9 ?is similitude1 f :5ce to inf] a dep5dance ( ! laity on ! cl]gy1 or ( ! temporal (fic]s on ! spiritual2 b ( bo? on ! civil sov]eign2 :i* ought inde$ to direct 8 civil comm&s to ! salvation ( s\ls2 b is n !re=e subject to any b ,god himself4 ,& ?us y see ! lab\r$ fallacy ( ! fir/ argum5t1 to deceive su* m5 z di/+ui% n betwe5 ! subord9ation ( actions 9 ! way to ! end2 & ! subjection ( p]sons "o to ano!r 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! means4 ,= to e end1 ! means are det]m9$ by nature1 or by ,god himself sup]naturally3 b ! p[] to make m5 use ! means1 is 9 e nation resign$1 by ! law ( nature1 :i* =bidde? m5 to violate _! fai? giv51 to ! civil sov]eign4 ,8 second argum5t is ?is2 ,e commonweal?1 because x is suppos$ to be p]fect & suffici5t 9 itself1 may comm& any o!r commonweal? n subject to x1 & =ce x to *ange ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t2 nay1 depose ! pr9ce1 & set ano!r 9 8 room1 if x _c o!rwise def5d itself aga9/ ! injuries he goes ab\t to d !m3 mu* m may a spiritual commonweal? comm& a temporal "o to *ange ! adm9i/ration ( _! gov]nm5t1 & may depose pr9ces1 & in/itute o!rs1 :5 !y _c o!rwise def5d ! spiritual good4 ,t a commonweal?1 to def5d itself aga9/ injuries1 may lawfully d all t he ha? "h said1 is v true2 & ha? already 9 t :i* ha? gone be=e be5 suffici5tly demon/rat$4 ,& if x 7 also true1 t !re is n[ 9 ?is _w a spiritual commonweal?1 di/9ct f a civil commonweal?1 !n might ! pr9ce !re(1 ^u injury done him1 or ^u want ( caution t injury be n done him 9 "t to come1 repair & secure himself by w>2 :i* is1 9 sum1 depos+1 kill+1 or subdu+1 or do+ any act ( ho/ility4 ,b by ! same reason1 x w\ld be no less lawful = a civil sov]eign1 ^u ! l injuries done1 or fe>$1 to make w> ^u ! spiritual sov]eign2 :i* ,i believe is m ?an ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e w\ld h inf]r$ f 8 own proposition4 ,b spiritual commonweal? !re is none 9 ?is _w3 = x is ! same ?+ ) ! k+dom ( ,*ri/1 :i* he himself sai?1 is n ( ?is _w2 b %all be 9 ! next _w at ! resurrection1 :5 !y t h liv$ ju/ly1 & believ$ t he 0 ! ,*ri/1 %all1 ?\gh !y di$ natural bodies1 rise spiritual bodies2 & !n x is1 t our ,savi\r %all judge ! _w1 & conqu] 8 adv]s>ies1 & make a spiritual commonweal?4 ,9 ! meantime1 see+ !re are no m5 on e>? ^: bodies are spiritual1 !re c be no spiritual commonweal? among/ m5 t are yet 9 ! fle%2 unless we call prea*]s1 t h commission to tea*1 & prep>e m5 = _! reception into ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ at ! resurrection1 a commonweal?2 :i* ,i h prov$ already to be none4 ,! ?ird argum5t is ?is2 ,x is n lawful = ,*ri/ians to tol]ate an infidel1 or h]etical k+1 9 case he endeav\r to draw !m to 8 h]esy or infidelity4 ,b to judge :e!r a k+ draw 8 subjects to h]esy or n1 belonge? to ! ,pope4 ,!re=e ha? ! ,pope "r to det]m9e :e!r ! pr9ce be to be depos$1 or n depos$4 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 t bo? ^! ass]tions are false4 ,= ,*ri/ians1 or m5 ( :at religion soev]1 if !y tol]ate n _! k+1 :atsoev] law he make?1 ?\gh x be conc]n+ religion1 d violate _! fai?1 contr>y to ! div9e law1 bo? natural & positive3 nor is !re any judge ( h]esy among/ subjects1 b _! own civil sov]eign4 ,= h]esy is no?+ else b a private op9ion ob/9ately ma9ta9$1 contr>y to ! op9ion :i* ! public p]son1 t is to say1 ! repres5tant ( ! commonweal?1 ha? comm&$ to be taught4 ,by :i* x is manife/1 t an op9ion publicly appo9t$ to be taught1 _c be h]esy2 nor ! sov]eign pr9ces t au?orize !m1 h]etics4 ,= h]etics are none b private m51 t /ubbornly def5d "s doctr9e1 prohibit$ by _! lawful sov]eigns4 ,b to prove t ,*ri/ians are n to tol]ate infidel or h]etical k+s1 he allege? a place 9 ,deut4 xvii4 #ae1 :]e ,god =bidde? ! ,jews1 :5 !y %all set a k+ ov] !mselves1 to *oose a /rang]3 & f !nce inf]re?1 t x is unlawful = a ,*ri/ian to *oose a k+ t is n a ,*ri/ian4 ,& x is true1 t he t is a ,*ri/ian1 t is1 he t ha? already oblig$ himself to receive our ,savi\r1 :5 he %all come1 = 8 k+1 %all tempt ,god too mu* 9 *oos+ = k+ 9 ?is _w1 "o t he kn[e? w endeav\r1 bo? by t]ror & p]suasion1 to make him violate 8 fai?4 ,b x is1 sai? he1 ! same dang]1 to *oose "o t is n a ,*ri/ian1 = k+1 & n to depose him :5 he is *os54 ,to ?is ,i say1 ! "q is n ( ! dang] ( n depos+2 b ( ! ju/ice ( depos+ him4 ,to *oose him1 may 9 "s cases be unju/2 b to depose him :5 he is *os51 is 9 no case j4 ,= x is always violation ( fai?1 & consequ5tly aga9/ ! law ( nature1 :i* is ! et]nal law ( ,god4 ,nor d we read t any su* doctr9e 0 acc\nt$ ,*ri/ian 9 ! "t ( ! apo/les2 nor 9 ! "t ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 till ! ,popes _h ! civil sov]eignty ( ,rome4 ,b to ?is he ha? repli$1 t ! ,*ri/ians ( old depos$ n ,n]o1 nor ,dioclesian1 nor ,julian1 nor ,val5s an ,arian1 = ?is cause only1 t !y want$ temporal =ces4 ,p]haps s4 ,b did our ,savi\r1 :o = call+ =1 might h _h twelve legions ( immortal1 invuln]able angels to assi/ him1 want =ces to depose ,cs>1 or at lea/ ,pilate1 t unju/ly1 )\t f9d+ fault 9 him1 deliv]$ him to ! ,jews to be crucifi$8 ,or if ! apo/les want$ temporal =ces to depose ,n]o1 0 x !re=e necess>y = !m1 9 _! epi/les to ! new made ,*ri/ians1 to tea* !m1 z !y did1 to obey ! p[]s con/itut$ ov] !m1 :]e( ,n]o 9 t "t 0 "o1 & t !y ought to obey !m1 n = fe> ( _! wra?1 b = consci5ce sake8 ,%all we say !y did n only obey1 b also tea* :at !y meant n1 = want ( /r5g?8 ,x is n !re=e = want ( /r5g?1 b = consci5ce sake1 t ,*ri/ians are to tol]ate _! hea!n pr9ces1 or pr9ces 7= ,i _c call any "o ^: doctr9e is ! public doctr9e1 an h]etic7 t au?orize ! tea*+ ( an error4 ,& :]eas = ! temporal p[] ( ! ,pope1 he allege? fur!r1 t ,/4 ,paul 7#a ,cor4 vi47 appo9t$ judges "u ! hea!n pr9ces ( ^? times1 su* z 7 n orda9$ by ^? pr9ces2 x is n true4 ,= ,/4 ,paul does b advise !m1 to take "s ( _! bre?r5 to comp\nd _! diff]5ces z arbitrators1 r ?an to g to law "o ) ano!r be=e ! hea!n judges2 :i* is a :olesome precept1 & full ( *>ity1 fit to be practis$ also 9 ! be/ ,*ri/ian commonweal?s4 ,& = ! dang] t may arise to religion1 by ! subjects tol]at+ ( a hea!n1 or an err+ pr9ce1 x is a po9t ( :i* a subject is no compet5t judge2 or if he be1 ! ,pope's temporal subjects may judge also ( ! ,pope's doctr9e4 ,= e ,*ri/ian pr9ce1 z ,i h =m]ly prov$1 is no less supreme pa/or ( 8 own subjects1 ?an ! ,pope ( 84 ,! f\r? argum5t1 is tak5 f ! baptism ( k+s2 :]e91 t !y may be made ,*ri/ians1 !y submit _! sceptres to ,*ri/2 & promise to keep & def5d ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,?is is true2 = ,*ri/ian k+s are no m b ,*ri/'s subjects3 b !y may1 = all t1 be ! ,pope's fell[s2 = !y are supreme pa/ors ( _! own subjects2 & ! ,pope is no m b k+ & pa/or1 ev5 9 ,rome itself4 ,! fif? argum5t1 is drawn f ! words spok5 by our ,savi\r1 ,fe$ my %eep2 by :i* 0 giv5 all p[] necess>y = a pa/or2 z ! p[] to *ase away wolves1 su* z are h]etics2 ! p[] to %ut up rams1 if !y be mad1 or pu% at ! o!r %eep ) _! horns1 su* z are evil1 ?\gh ,*ri/ian1 k+s2 & p[] to give ! flock conv5i5t food4 ,f :5ce he inf]re?1 t ,/4 ,pet] _h ^! ?ree p[]s giv5 him by ,*ri/4 ,to :i* ,i answ]1 t ! la/ ( ^! p[]s is no m ?an ! p[]1 or r comm&1 to tea*4 ,= ! fir/1 :i* is to *ase away wolves1 t is1 h]etics1 ! place he quote? is 7,mat?4 vii4 #ae7 ,bew>e ( false prophets1 :i* come to y 9 %eep's clo?+1 b inw>dly are rav5+ wolves4 ,b nei!r are h]etics false prophets1 or at all prophets3 nor1 admitt+ h]etics = ! wolves !re meant1 7 ! apo/les comm&$ to kill !m1 or if !y 7 k+s1 to depose !m2 b to bew>e (1 fly1 & avoid !m3 nor 0 x to ,/4 ,pet]1 nor to any ( ! apo/les1 b to ! multitude ( ! ,jews t foll[$ him into ! m\nta91 m5 = ! mo/ "p n yet conv]t$1 t he gave ?is c\nsel1 to bew>e ( false prophets3 :i* !re=e1 if x conf] a p[] ( *as+ away k+s1 0 giv51 n only to private m51 b to m5 t 7 n at all ,*ri/ians4 ,& z to ! p[] ( sep>at+1 & %utt+ up ( furi\s rams1 by :i* he meane? ,*ri/ian k+s t refuse to submit !mselves to ! ,roman pa/or1 our ,savi\r refus$ to take ^u him t p[] 9 ?is _w himself1 b advis$ to let ! corn & t>es gr[ up toge!r till ! day ( judgm5t3 mu* less did he give x to ,/4 ,pet]1 or c ,/4 ,pet] give x to ! ,popes4 ,/4 ,pet]1 & all o!r pa/ors1 are bidd5 to e/eem ^? ,*ri/ians t disobey ! ,*ur*1 t is1 t disobey ! ,*ri/ian sov]eign1 z hea!n m51 & z publicans4 ,see+ !n1 m5 *all5ge to ! ,pope no au?ority ov] hea!n pr9ces1 !y ought to *all5ge none ov] ^? t are to be e/eem$ z hea!n4 ,b f ! p[] to tea* only1 he inf]re? also a co]cive p[] 9 ! ,pope ov] k+s4 ,! pa/or1 sai? he1 mu/ give 8 flock conv5i5t food3 !re=e ! ,pope may1 & ought to compel k+s to d _! duty4 ,out ( :i* x foll[e?1 t ! ,pope1 z pa/or ( ,*ri/ian m51 is k+ ( k+s3 :i* all ,*ri/ian k+s ought inde$ ei!r to confess1 or else !y ought to take ^u !mselves ! supreme pa/oral *>ge1 e "o 9 8 own dom9ion4 ,8 six? & la/ argum5t1 is f examples4 ,to :i* ,i answ]1 fir/1 t examples prove no?+3 secondly1 t ! examples he allege? make n s mu* z a probability ( "r4 ,! fact ( ,jehoiada1 9 kill+ ,a?aliah1 7#b ,k+s xi47 0 ei!r by ! au?ority ( k+ ,joa%1 or x 0 a horrible crime 9 ! high-prie/1 :i* ev] aft] ! election ( k+ ,saul 0 a m]e subject4 ,! fact ( ,/4 ,ambrose1 9 excommunicat+ ,!odosius ! emp]or1 if x 7 true he did s1 0 a capital crime4 ,& = ! ,popes1 ,gregory ,i1 ,gregory ,,ii1 ,za*>y1 & ,leo ,,iii1 _! judgm5ts are void1 z giv5 9 _! own cause2 & ! acts done by !m con=mably to ?is doctr9e1 are ! greate/ crimes1 especially t ( ,za*>y1 t are incid5t to human nature4 ,& ?us mu* ( ,p[] ,ecclesia/ical2 :]e9 ,i _h be5 m brief1 =be>+ to exam9e ^! argum5ts ( ,bell>m9e1 if !y _h be5 8 z a private man1 & n z ! *ampion ( ! ,papacy aga9/ all o!r ,*ri/ian ,pr9ces & ,/ates4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xliii4 ,,( ,,:at ,,is ,,necess>y ,,= ,a ,,man',s ,,reception ,,into ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,heav54 ,sid5ote3 ,! difficulty ( obey+ ,god & man bo? at once2 ,! mo/ frequ5t pretext ( s$ition1 & civil w>1 9 ,*ri/ian commonweal?s1 ha? a long "t proce$$ f a difficulty1 n yet suffici5tly resolv$1 ( obey+ at once bo? ,god & man1 !n :5 _! comm&m5ts are "o contr>y to ! o!r4 ,x is manife/ en\gh1 t :5 a man receive? two contr>y comm&s1 & kn[s t "o ( !m is ,god's1 he ought to obey t1 & n ! o!r1 ?\gh x be ! comm& ev5 ( 8 lawful sov]eign 7:e!r a mon>*1 or a sov]eign assembly71 or ! comm& ( 8 fa!r4 ,! difficulty !re=e consi/e? 9 ?is1 t m51 :5 !y are comm&$ 9 ! "n ( ,god1 "k n 9 div]s cases1 :e!r ! comm& be f ,god1 or :e!r he t comm&e? d b abuse ,god's "n = "s private ends ( 8 own4 ,= z !re 7 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,jews1 _m false prophets1 t s\ght reputation ) ! p1 by feign$ dreams & visions2 s !re h be5 9 all times 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 false tea*]s1 t seek reputation ) ! p1 by fanta/ical & false doctr9es2 & by su* reputation1 7z is ! nature ( ambition71 to gov]n !m = _! private b5efit4 ,sid5ote3 ,is none to !m t di/+ui% betwe5 :at is1 & :at is n necess>y to salvation4 ,b ?is difficulty ( obey+ bo? ,god & ! civil sov]eign on e>?1 to ^? t c di/+ui% betwe5 :at is necess>y1 & :at is n necess>y = _! reception into ! k+dom ( ,god1 is ( no mom5t4 ,= if ! comm& ( ! civil sov]eign be su*1 z t x may be obey$ )\t ! =feiture ( life et]nal2 n to obey x is unju/2 & ! precept ( ! apo/le takes place3 ,s]vants obey y\r ma/]s 9 all ?+s2 & ,*ildr5 obey y\r p>5ts 9 all ?+s2 & ! precept ( our ,savi\r1 ,! ,scribes & ,ph>isees sit 9 ,moses' *air2 all !re=e !y %all say1 t obs]ve & d4 ,b if ! comm& be su* z _c be obey$1 )\t be+ damn$ to et]nal dea?2 !n x 7 madness to obey x1 & ! c\ncil ( our ,savi\r takes place1 7,mat?4 x4 #bh71 ,fe> n ^? t kill ! body1 b _c kill ! s\l4 ,all m5 !re=e t w\ld avoid1 bo? ! puni%m5ts t are to be 9 ?is _w inflict$1 = disob$i5ce to _! e>?ly sov]eign1 & ^? t %all be inflict$ 9 ! _w to come1 = disob$i5ce to ,god1 h ne$ be taught to di/+ui% well betwe5 :at is1 & :at is n necess>y to et]nal salvation4 ,sid5ote3 ,all t is necess>y to salvation is conta9$ 9 fai? & ob$i5ce4 ,all t is ,,necess>y to salvation1 is conta9$ 9 two virtues1 fai? 9 ,*ri/1 & ob$i5ce to laws4 ,! latt] ( ^!1 if x 7 p]fect1 7 en\gh to u4 ,b because we are all guilty ( disob$i5ce to ,god's law1 n only orig9ally 9 ,adam1 b also actually by our own transgressions1 !re is requir$ at our h&s n[1 n only ob$i5ce = ! re/ ( our "t1 b also a remission ( s9s = ! "t pa/2 :i* remission is ! rew>d ( our fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,t no?+ else is necess>ily requir$ to salvation1 is manife/ f ?is1 t ! k+dom ( heav5 is %ut to none b to s9n]s2 t is to say1 to ! disob$i5t1 or transgressors ( ! law2 nor to !m1 9 case !y rep5t1 & believe all ! articles ( ,*ri/ian fai? necess>y to salvation4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at ob$i5ce is necess>y2 ,! ob$i5ce requir$ at our h&s by ,god1 t accepte? 9 all our actions ! w = ! de$1 is a s]i\s endeav\r to obey him2 & is call$ also by all su* names z signify t endeav\r4 ,& !re=e ob$i5ce is sometimes call$ by ! names ( *>ity & love1 because !y imply a w to obey2 & our ,savi\r himself make? our love to ,god1 & to "o ano!r1 a fulfill+ ( ! :ole law3 & sometimes by ! "n ( righte\sness2 = righte\sness is b ! w to give to e "o 8 own2 t is to say1 ! w to obey ! laws3 & sometimes by ! "n ( rep5tance2 because to rep5t1 implie? a turn+ away f s91 :i* is ! same ) ! return ( ! w to ob$i5ce4 ,:osoev] !re=e unfeign$ly desire? to fulfil ! comm&m5ts ( ,god1 or rep5te? him truly ( 8 transgressions1 or t love? ,god ) all 8 he>t1 & 8 neighb\r z himself1 ha? all ! ob$i5ce necess>y to 8 reception into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,= if ,god %\ld require p]fect innoc5ce1 !re c\ld no fle% be sav$4 ,sid5ote3 ,& to :at laws4 ,b :at comm&m5ts are ^? t ,god ha? giv5 u8 ,are all ^? laws :i* 7 giv5 to ! ,jews by ! h& ( ,moses1 ! comm&m5ts ( ,god8 ,if !y be1 :y are n ,*ri/ians taught to obey !m8 ,if !y be n1 :at o!rs are s1 besides ! law ( nature8 ,= our ,savi\r ,*ri/ ha? n giv5 u new laws1 b c\nsel to obs]ve ^? we are subject to2 t is to say1 ! laws ( nature1 & ! laws ( our sev]al sov]eigns3 nor did he make any new law to ! ,jews 9 8 s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 b only exp\nd$ ! law ( ,moses1 to :i* !y 7 subject be=e4 ,! laws ( ,god !re=e are none b ! laws ( nature1 :]e( ! pr9cipal is1 t we %\ld n violate our fai?1 t is1 a comm&m5t to obey our civil sov]eigns1 :i* we con/itut$ ov] u by mutual pact "o ) ano!r4 ,& ?is law ( ,god1 t comm&e? ob$i5ce to ! law civil1 comm&e? by consequ5ce ob$i5ce to all ! precepts ( ! ,bible2 :i*1 z ,i h prov$ 9 ! prec$5t *apt]1 is !re only law1 :]e ! civil sov]eign ha? made x s2 & 9 o!r places1 b c\nsel2 :i* a man at 8 own p]il may )\t inju/ice refuse to obey4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 ! fai? ( a ,*ri/ian1 :o is ! p]son believ$4 ,kn[+ n[ :at is ! ob$i5ce necess>y to salvation1 & to :om x is due2 we are to consid] next conc]n+ fai?1 :om1 & :y we believe2 & :at are ! articles1 or po9ts necess>y to be believ$ by !m t %all be sav$4 ,& fir/1 = ! p]son :om we believe1 because x is impossible to believe any p]son1 be=e we "k :at he sai?1 x is necess>y he be "o t we h he>d speak4 ,! p]son1 !re=e1 :om ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1 ,moses1 & ! prophets1 believ$1 0 ,god himself1 t spake unto !m sup]naturally3 & ! p]son1 :om ! apo/les & disciples t conv]s$ ) ,*ri/ believ$1 0 our ,savi\r himself4 ,b ( !m1 to :om nei!r ,god ! fa!r1 nor our ,savi\r1 ev] spake1 x _c be said t ! p]son :om !y believ$1 0 ,god4 ,!y believ$ ! apo/les1 & aft] !m ! pa/ors & doctors ( ! ,*ur*1 t recomm5d$ to _! fai? ! hi/ory ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t3 s t ! fai? ( ,*ri/ians ev] s9ce our ,savi\r's "t1 ha? _h = f\ndation1 fir/1 ! reputation ( _! pa/ors1 & aft]w>d1 ! au?ority ( ^? t made ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t to be receiv$ = ! rule ( fai?2 :i* none c\ld d b ,*ri/ian sov]eigns2 :o are !re=e ! supreme pa/ors1 & ! only p]sons :om ,*ri/ians n[ he> speak f ,god2 except su* z ,god speake? to 9 ^! days sup]naturally4 ,b because !re be _m false prophets gone out into ! _w1 o!r m5 are to exam9e su* spirits1 z ,/4 ,john advise? u1 7#a/ ,epi/le iv4 #a7 :e!r !y be ( ,god1 or n4 ,& !re=e1 see+ ! exam9ation ( doctr9es belonge? to ! supreme pa/or1 ! p]son1 :i* all !y t h no special revelation are to believe1 is1 9 e commonweal?1 ! supreme pa/or1 t is to say1 ! civil sov]eign4 ,sid5ote3 ,! causes ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! causes :y m5 believe any ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 are v>i\s4 ,= fai? is ! gift ( ,god2 & he worke? x 9 ea* sev]al man1 by su* ways z x seeme? good unto himself4 ,! mo/ ord9>y imm$iate cause ( our belief1 conc]n+ any po9t ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 is1 t we believe ! ,bible to be ! ^w ( ,god4 ,b :y we believe ! ,bible to be ! ^w ( ,god1 is mu* disput$1 z all que/ions mu/ ne$s be1 t are n well /at$4 ,= !y make n ! "q to be1 :y we believe x1 b1 h[ we "k x2 z if believ+ & kn[+ 7 all "o4 ,& !nce :ile "o side gr\nd _! k ^u ! infallibility ( ! ,*ur*1 & ! o!r side1 on ! te/imony ( ! private _s1 nei!r side conclude? :at x pret5ds4 ,= h[ %all a man "k ! infallibility ( ! ,*ur*1 b by kn[+ fir/ ! infallibility ( ! ,scripture8 ,or h[ %all a man "k 8 own private _s to be o!r ?an a belief1 gr\nd$ ^u ! au?ority & argum5ts ( 8 tea*]s1 or ^u a presumption ( 8 own gifts8 ,besides1 !re is no?+ 9 ! ,scripture1 f :i* c be inf]r$ ! infallibility ( ! ,*ur*2 mu* less1 ( any p>ticul> ,*ur*2 & lea/ ( all1 ! infallibility ( any p>ticul> man4 ,sid5ote3 ,fai? comes by he>+4 ,x is manife/ !re=e1 t ,*ri/ian m5 d n "k1 b only believe ! ,scripture to be ! ^w ( ,god2 & t ! means ( mak+ !m believe1 :i* ,god is pleas$ to af=d m5 ord9>ily1 is accord+ to ! way ( nature1 t is to say1 f _! tea*]s4 ,x is ! doctr9e ( ,/4 ,paul conc]n+ ,*ri/ian fai? 9 g5]al 7,rom4 x4 #ag71 ,fai? come? by he>+1 t is1 by he>+ our lawful pa/ors4 ,he sai? also1 7v]ses #ad1 #ae1 ( ! same *apt]71 ,h[ %all !y believe 9 him ( :om !y h n he>d8 & h[ %all !y he> )\t a prea*]8 & h[ %all !y prea*1 except !y be s5t8 ,:]eby x is evid5t1 t ! ord9>y cause ( believ+ t ! ,scriptures are ! ^w ( ,god1 is ! same ) ! cause ( ! believ+ ( all o!r articles ( our fai?1 namely1 ! he>+ ( ^? t are by ! law all[$ & appo9t$ to tea* u1 z our p>5ts 9 _! h\ses1 & our pa/ors 9 ! *ur*es4 ,:i* also is made m manife/ by exp]i5ce4 ,= :at o!r cause c !re be assign$1 :y 9 ,*ri/ian commonweal?s all m5 ei!r believe1 or at lea/ pr(ess ! ,scripture to be ! ^w ( ,god1 & 9 o!r commonweal?s sc>ce any2 b t 9 ,*ri/ian commonweal?s !y are taught x f _! infancy2 & 9 o!r places !y are taught o!rwise8 ,b if tea*+ be ! cause ( fai?1 :y d n all believe8 ,x is c]ta9 !re=e t fai? is ! gift ( ,god1 & he give? x to :om he w4 ,nev]!less1 because to !m to :om he give? x1 he give? x by ! means ( tea*]s1 ! imm$iate cause ( fai? is he>+4 ,9 a s*ool1 :]e _m are taught1 & "s pr(it1 o!rs pr(it n1 ! cause ( le>n+ 9 !m t pr(it1 is ! ma/]2 yet x _c be !nce inf]r$1 t le>n+ is n ! gift ( ,god4 ,all good ?+s proce$ f ,god2 yet _c all t h !m1 say !y are inspir$2 = t implies a gift sup]natural1 & ! imm$iate h& ( ,god2 :i* he t pret5ds to1 pret5ds to be a prophet1 & is subject to ! exam9ation ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b :e!r m5 "k1 or believe1 or grant ! ,scriptures to be ! ^w ( ,god2 if out ( su* places ( !m1 z are )\t obscurity1 ,i %all %[ :at articles ( fai? are necess>y1 & only necess>y = salvation1 ^? m5 mu/ ne$s "k1 believe1 or grant ! same4 ,sid5ote3 ,! only necess>y article ( ,*ri/ian fai?2 ,! unum necess>ium1 only article ( fai?1 :i* ! ,scripture make? simply necess>y to salvation1 is ?is1 t ,,jesus ,,is ,,! ,,*ri/4 ,by ! "n ( ,*ri/ is und]/ood ! k+1 :i* ,god _h be=e promis$ by ! prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 to s5d into ! _w1 to reign 7ov] ! ,jews1 & ov] su* ( o!r nations z %\ld believe 9 him71 "u himself et]nally2 & to give !m t et]nal life1 :i* 0 lo/ by ! s9 ( ,adam4 ,:i* :5 ,i h prov$ out ( ,scripture1 ,i w fur!r %[ :51 & 9 :at s5se1 "s o!r articles may be also call$ necess>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,prov$ f ! scope ( ! ,evangeli/s3 ,= pro( t ! belief ( ?is article1 ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 is all ! fai? requir$ to salvation1 my fir/ argum5t %all be f ! scope ( ! ,evangeli/s2 :i* 0 by ! description ( ! life ( our ,savi\r1 to e/abli% t "o article1 ,jesus is ! ,*ri/4 ,! sum ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel is ?is1 t ,jesus 0 ( ! /ock ( ,david1 born ( a ,virg92 :i* are ! m>ks ( ! true ,*ri/3 t ! ,magi came to wor%ip him z ,k+ ( ! ,jews3 t ,h]od = ! same cause s\ght to kill him3 t ,john ! ,bapti/ proclaim$ him3 t he prea*$ by himself & 8 apo/les t he 0 t k+3 t he taught ! law1 n z a scribe1 b z a man ( au?ority3 t he cur$ diseases by 8 ^w only1 & did _m o!r miracles1 :i* 7 =etold ! ,*ri/ %\ld d3 t he 0 salut$ k+ :5 he ent]$ into ,j]usalem3 t he =ew>n$ !m to bew>e ( all o!rs t %\ld pret5d to be ,*ri/3 t he 0 tak51 accus$1 & put to dea?1 = say+ he 0 k+3 t ! cause ( 8 condemnation writt5 on ! cross 01 ,,jesus ,,( ,,naz>e?1 ,,! ,,k+ ,,( ,,! ,,jews4 ,all :i* t5d to no o!r end ?an ?is1 t m5 %\ld believe t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/4 ,su* !re=e 0 ! scope ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel4 ,b ! scope ( all ! evangeli/s1 z may appe> by read+ !m1 0 ! same4 ,!re=e ! scope ( ! :ole ,gospel 0 ! e/abli%+ ( t only article4 ,& ,/4 ,john expressly makes x 8 conclusion1 7,john xx4 #ca71 ,^! ?+s are writt51 t y may "k t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,f ! s]mons ( ! apo/les3 ,my second argum5t is tak5 f ! subjects ( ! s]mons ( ! apo/les1 bo? :il/ our ,savi\r liv$ on e>?1 & aft] 8 asc5sion4 ,! apo/les1 9 our ,savi\r's "t1 7 s5t1 7,luke ix4 #b7 to prea* ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,= nei!r !re1 nor1 ,mat?4 x4 #g1 give? he any commission to !m o!r ?an ?is1 ,z ye g1 prea*1 say+1 ! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&2 t is1 t ,jesus is ! ,messiah1 ! ,*ri/1 ! ,k+ :i* 0 to come4 ,t _! prea*+ also aft] 8 asc5sion 0 ! same1 is manife/ out ( ,acts xvii4 #f1 #g1 ,!y drew1 sai? ,/4 ,luke1 ,jason & c]ta9 bre?r5 unto ! rul]s ( ! city1 cry+1 ^! t h turn$ ! _w upside d[n are come hi!r also1 :om ,jason ha? receiv$3 & ^! all d contr>y to ! decrees ( ,cs>1 say+1 t !re is ano!r k+1 "o ,jesus4 ,& out ( ! #bnd & #crd v]ses ( ! same *apt]1 :]e x is said1 t ,/4 ,paul1 z 8 mann] 01 w5t 9 unto !m2 & ?ree sabba? days reason$ ) !m out ( ! ,scriptures2 op5+ & alleg+1 t ,*ri/ mu/ ne$s h suff]$1 & ris5 aga9 f ! dead1 & t ?is ,jesus1 :om he prea*$1 is ,*ri/4 ,sid5ote3 ,f ! eas9ess ( ! doctr9e3 ,! ?ird argum5t is f ^? places ( ,scripture1 by :i* all ! fai? requir$ to salvation is decl>$ to be easy4 ,= if an inw>d ass5t ( ! m9d to all ! doctr9es conc]n+ ,*ri/ian fai? n[ taught1 :]e( ! greate/ "p are disput$1 7 necess>y to salvation1 !re w\ld be no?+ 9 ! _w s h>d z to be a ,*ri/ian4 ,! ?ief ^u ! cross1 ?\gh rep5t+1 c\ld n h be5 sav$ = say+1 ,"l rememb] me :5 ?\ come/ into ?y k+dom2 by :i* he te/ifi$ no belief ( any o!r article1 b ?is1 t ,jesus 0 ! k+4 ,nor c\ld x be said 7z x is1 ,mat?4 xi4 #cj71 t ,*ri/'s yoke is easy1 & 8 bur!n light3 nor t little *ildr5 believe 9 him1 z x is ,mat?4 xviii4 #f4 ,nor c\ld ,/4 ,paul h said1 7#a ,cor4 i4 #ba71 ,x pleas$ ,god by ! fooli%ness ( prea*+1 to save !m t believe4 ,nor c\ld ,/4 ,paul himself h be5 sav$1 mu* less h be5 s great a doctor ( ! ,*ur* s sudd5ly1 t nev] p]haps ?\ght ( transub/antiation nor purgatory1 nor _m o!r articles n[ obtrud$4 ,sid5ote3 ,f =mal & cle> texts4 ,! f\r? argum5t is tak5 f places express1 & su* z receive no controv]sy ( int]pretation2 z fir/1 ,john v4 #ci2 ,se>* ! ,scriptures2 = 9 !m ye ?9k ye h et]nal life2 & !y are !y t te/ify ( me4 ,our ,savi\r "h speake? ( ! ,scriptures only ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 = ! ,jews at t "t c\ld n se>* ! ,scriptures ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* 7 n writt54 ,b ! ,old ,te/am5t ha? no?+ ( ,*ri/1 b ! m>ks by :i* m5 might "k him :5 he came2 z t he %\ld desc5d f ,david2 be born at ,be?lehem1 & ( a ,virg92 d great miracles1 & ! l4 ,!re=e to believe t ?is ,jesus 0 ,he1 0 suffici5t to et]nal life3 b m ?an suffici5t is n necess>y2 & consequ5tly no o!r article is requir$4 ,aga91 7,john xi4 #bf7 ,:osoev] live? & believe? 9 me1 %all n die et]nally4 ,!re=e to believe 9 ,*ri/1 is fai? suffici5t to et]nal life2 & consequ5tly no m fai? ?an t is necess>y4 ,b to believe 9 ,jesus1 & to believe t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 is all "o1 z appe>e? 9 ! v]ses imm$iately foll[+4 ,= :5 our ,savi\r 7v]se #bf7 _h said to ,m>?a1 ,believe/ ?\ ?is8 %e answ]e? 7v]se #bg71 ,yea1 ,"l1 ,i believe t ?\ art ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god1 :i* %\ld come into ! _w4 ,!re=e ?is article alone is fai? suffici5t to life et]nal2 & m ?an suffici5t is n necess>y4 ,?irdly1 ,john xx4 #ca3 ,^! ?+s are writt5 t ye might believe1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god1 & t believ+ ye might h life ?r\gh 8 "n4 ,!re1 to believe t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 is fai? suffici5t to ! obta9+ ( life2 & !re=e no o!r article is necess>y4 ,f\r?ly1 #a ,john iv4 #b3 ,e _s t confesse? t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle%1 is ( ,god4 ,& #a ,john v4 #a3 ,:osoev] believe? t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 is born ( ,god4 ,& v]se #e1 ,:o is he t ov]come? ! _w1 b he t believe? t ,jesus is ! ,son ( ,god8 ,fif?ly1 ,acts viii4 #cf1 #cg3 ,see1 sai? ! ,eunu*1 "h is wat]1 :at do? h9d] me to be baptiz$8 ,& ,philip said1 if ?\ believe/ ) all ?y he>t1 ?\ may/4 ,& he answ]$ & said1 ,i believe t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god4 ,!re=e ?is article believ$1 ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 is suffici5t to baptism1 t is to say1 to our reception into ! k+dom ( ,god1 & by consequ5ce1 only necess>y4 ,& g5]ally 9 all places :]e our ,savi\r sai? to any man1 ,?y fai? ha? sav$ !e1 ! cause he sai? x1 is "s confession1 :i* directly1 or by consequ5ce1 implie? a belief1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/4 ,sid5ote3 ,f t x is ! f\ndation ( all o!r articles4 ,! la/ argum5t is f ! places1 :]e ?is article is made ! f\ndation ( fai?3 = he t holde? ! f\ndation1 %all be sav$4 ,:i* places are fir/1 ,mat?4 xxiv4 #bc1 #bd3 ,if any man %all say unto y1 ,lo "h is ,*ri/1 or !re1 believe x n2 = !re %all arise false ,*ri/s1 & false prophets1 & %all %ew great signs & wond]s1 c4 ,"h we see ?is article1 ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 mu/ be held1 ?\gh he t %all tea* ! contr>y %\ld d great miracles4 ,! second place is1 ,gal4 i4 #h3 ,?\gh we1 or an angel f heav51 prea* any o!r gospel unto y1 ?an t we h prea*$ unto y1 let him be accurs$4 ,b ! gospel :i* ,paul1 & ! o!r apo/les1 prea*$1 0 only ?is article1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/3 !re=e = ! belief ( ?is article1 we are to reject ! au?ority ( an angel f heav52 mu* m ( any mortal man1 if he tea* ! contr>y4 ,?is is !re=e ! fundam5tal article ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,a ?ird place is1 #a ,john1 iv4 #a1 #b3 ,belov$1 believe n e _s3 h]eby ye %all "k ! ,_s ( ,god2 e _s t confesse? t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle%1 is ( ,god4 ,by :i* x is evid5t1 t ?is article1 is ! measure & rule1 by :i* to e/imate & exam9e all o!r articles2 & is !re=e only fundam5tal4 ,a f\r? is ,mat?4 xvi4 #af1 #ah1 :]e aft] ,/4 ,pet] _h pr(ess$ ?is article1 say+ to our ,savi\r1 ,?\ art ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1 our ,savi\r answ]$1 ,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build my ,*ur*2 f :5ce ,i inf]1 t ?is article is t1 on :i* all o!r doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* are built1 z on _! f\ndation4 ,a fif? is #a ,cor4 iii4 #aa1 #ab1 c4 ,o!r f\ndation c no man lay1 ?an t :i* is laid1 ,jesus is ! ,*ri/4 ,n[ if any man build ^u ?is f\ndation1 gold1 silv]1 preci\s /ones1 wood1 hay1 /ubble2 e man's "w %all be made manife/2 = ! day %all decl>e x1 because x %all be reveal$ by fire1 & ! fire %all try e man's "w ( :at sort x is4 ,if any man's "w abide1 :i* he ha? built !reupon1 he %all receive a rew>d4 ,if any man's "w %all be burnt1 he %all suff] loss2 b he himself %all be sav$1 yet s z by fire4 ,:i* words1 be+ p>tly pla9 & easy to und]/&1 & p>tly allegorical & difficult2 out ( t :i* is pla91 maybe inf]r$1 t pa/ors t tea* ?is f\ndation1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 ?\gh !y draw f x false consequ5ces1 :i* all m5 are sometimes subject to1 !y may nev]!less be sav$2 mu* m t !y may be sav$1 :o be+ no pa/ors1 b he>]s1 believe t :i* is by _! lawful pa/ors taught !m4 ,!re=e ! belief ( ?is article is suffici5t2 & by consequ5ce1 !re is no o!r article ( fai? necess>ily requir$ to salvation4 ,n[ = ! "p :i* is allegorical1 z t ! fire %all try e man's "w1 & t !y %all be sav$1 b s z by fire1 or ?r\gh fire1 7= ! orig9al is 17 x make? no?+ aga9/ ?is conclusion :i* ,i h drawn f ! o!r words1 t are pla94 ,nev]!less1 because ^u ?is place !re ha? be5 an argum5t tak51 to prove ! fire ( purgatory1 ,i w also "h (f] y my conjecture conc]n+ ! mean+ ( ?is trial ( doctr9es1 & sav+ ( m5 z by fire4 ,! apo/le "h seeme? to allude to ! words ( ! prophet ,ze*>iah1 7xiii4 #h1 #i71 :o speak+ ( ! re/oration ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 sai? ?us2 ,two p>ts !re9 %all be cut (f1 & die1 b ! ?ird %all be left !re92 & ,i w br+ ! ?ird "p ?r\gh ! fire1 & w ref9e !m z silv] is ref9$1 & w try !m z gold is tri$2 !y %all call on ! "n ( ! ,"l1 & ,i w he> !m4 ,! day ( judgm5t is ! day ( ! re/oration ( ! k+dom ( ,god2 & at t day x is1 t ,/4 ,pet] tells u 7#b ,pet4 iii4 #g1 #aj1 #ab7 %all be ! conflagration ( ! _w1 :]e9 ! wick$ %all p]i%2 b ! remnant :i* ,god w save1 %all pass ?r\gh t fire unhurt1 & be !re91 7z silv] & gold are ref9$ by ! fire f _! dross17 tri$1 & ref9$ f _! idolatry1 & be made to call ^u ! "n ( ! true ,god4 ,allud+ :]eto1 ,/4 ,paul "h sai?1 t ! day1 t is1 ! day ( judgm5t1 ! great day ( our ,savi\r's com+ to re/ore ! k+dom ( ,god 9 ,israel1 %all try e man's doctr9e1 by judg+ :i* are gold1 silv]1 preci\s /ones1 wood1 hay1 /ubble2 & !n !y t h built false consequ5ces on ! true f\ndation1 %all see _! doctr9es condemn$2 nev]!less !y !mselves %all be sav$1 & pass unhurt ?r\gh ?is univ]sal fire1 & live et]nally1 to call ^u ! "n ( ! true & only ,god4 ,9 :i* s5se !re is no?+ t accorde? n ) ! re/ ( ,holy ,scripture1 or any glimpse ( ! fire ( purgatory4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 :at s5se o!r articles may be call$ necess>y4 ,b a man may "h ask1 :e!r x be n z necess>y to salvation1 to believe1 t ,god is omnipot5t2 ,creator ( ! _w2 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ris52 & t all m5 else %all rise aga9 f ! dead at ! la/ day2 z to believe t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/4 ,to :i* ,i answ]1 !y are2 & s are _m m articles3 b !y are su*1 z are conta9$ 9 ?is "o1 & may be d$uc$ f x1 ) m or less difficulty4 ,= :o is !re t does n see1 t !y :o believe ,jesus to be ! ,son ( ! ,god ( ,israel1 & t ! ,israelites _h = ,god ! ,omnipot5t ,creator ( all ?+s1 d !re9 also believe1 t ,god is ! ,omnipot5t ,creator ( all ?+s8 ,or h[ c a man believe1 t ,jesus is ! k+ t %all reign et]nally1 unless he believe him also ris5 aga9 f ! dead8 ,= a dead man _c ex]cise ! (fice ( a k+4 ,9 sum1 he t holde? ?is f\ndation1 ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 holde? expressly all t he see? rightly d$uc$ f x1 & implicitly all t is consequ5t !reunto1 ?\gh he h n skill en\gh to disc]n ! consequ5ce4 ,& !re=e x holde? /ill good1 t ! belief ( ?is "o article is suffici5t fai? to obta9 remission ( s9s to ! p5it5t1 & consequ5tly to br+ !m into ! k+dom ( heav54 ,sid5ote3 ,t fai? & ob$i5ce are bo? ( !m necess>y to salvation4 ,n[ t ,i h %[n1 t all ! ob$i5ce requir$ to salvation1 consi/e? 9 ! w to obey ! law ( ,god1 t is to say1 9 rep5tance2 & all ! fai? requir$ to ! same1 is compreh5d$ 9 ! belief ( ?is article1 ,jesus is ! ,*ri/2 ,i w fur!r allege ^? places ( ! ,gospel1 t prove1 t all t is necess>y to salvation is conta9$ 9 bo? ^! jo9$ toge!r4 ,! m5 to :om ,/4 ,pet] prea*$ on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 next aft] ! asc5sion ( our ,savi\r1 ask$ him1 & ! re/ ( ! apo/les1 say+1 7,acts ii4 #cg71 ,m5 & bre?r51 :at %all we d8 ,to :om ,/4 ,pet] answ]$ 79 ! next v]se7 ,rep5t1 & be baptiz$ e "o ( y1 = ! remission ( s9s1 & ye %all receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e rep5tance1 & baptism1 t is1 believ+ t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 is all t is necess>y to salvation4 ,aga91 our ,savi\r be+ ask$ by a c]ta9 rul] 7,luke xviii4 #ah71 ,:at %all ,i d to inh]it et]nal life8 answ]$1 7v]se #bj7 ,?\ kn[e/ ! comm&m5ts1 d n commit adult]y1 d n kill1 d n /eal1 d n be> false witness1 hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m4 ,:i* :5 he said he _h obs]v$1 our ,savi\r add$1 7v]se #bb7 ,sell all ?\ ha/1 give x to ! poor1 & come & foll[ me3 :i* 0 z mu* z to say1 rely on me t am ! k+4 ,!re=e to fulfil ! law1 & to believe t ,jesus is ! k+1 is all t is requir$ to br+ a man to et]nal life4 ,?irdly1 ,/4 ,paul sai? 7,rom4 i4 #ag71 ,! j %all live by fai?2 n e "o1 b ! j2 !re=e fai? & ju/ice 7t is1 ! w to be j1 or rep5tance7 are all t is necess>y to life et]nal4 ,& 7,m>k i4 #ae7 our ,savi\r prea*$1 say+1 ,! "t is fulfill$1 & ! k+dom ( ,god is at h&1 rep5t & believe ! evangile1 t is1 ! good news t ! ,*ri/ 0 come4 ,!re=e1 to rep5t1 & to believe t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 is all t is requir$ to salvation4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at ea* ( !m contributes !reunto ,see+ !n x is necess>y t fai? & ob$i5ce1 impli$ 9 ! ^w rep5tance1 d bo? concur to our salvation2 ! "q by :i* ( ! two we are ju/ifi$1 is imp]t95tly disput$4 ,nev]!less1 x w n be imp]t95t1 to make manife/ 9 :at mann] ea* ( !m contributes !reunto2 & 9 :at s5se x is said1 t we are to be ju/ifi$ by ! "o1 & by ! o!r4 ,& fir/1 if by righte\sness be und]/ood ! ju/ice ( ! works !mselves1 !re is no man t c be sav$2 = !re is none t ha? n transgress$ ! law ( ,god4 ,& !re=e :5 we are said to be ju/ifi$ by works1 x is to be und]/ood ( ! w1 :i* ,god do? always accept = ! "w itself1 z well 9 good1 z 9 evil m54 ,& 9 ?is s5se only x is1 t a man is call$ j1 or unju/2 & t 8 ju/ice ju/ifies him1 t is1 gives him ! title1 9 ,god's acceptation1 ( j2 & r5d]s him capable ( liv+ by 8 fai?1 :i* be=e he 0 n4 ,s t ju/ice ju/ifies 9 t s5se1 9 :i* to ju/ify1 is ! same z t to d5om9ate a man j2 & n 9 ! signification ( dis*>g+ ! law2 :]eby ! puni%m5t ( 8 s9s %\ld be unju/4 ,b a man is !n also said to be ju/ifi$1 :5 8 plea1 ?\gh 9 itself insuffici5t1 is accept$2 z :5 we plead our w1 our endeav\r to fulfil ! law1 & rep5t u ( our fail+s1 & ,god accepte? x = ! p]=mance itself4 ,& because ,god accepte? n ! w = ! de$1 b only 9 ! fai?ful2 x is !re=e fai? t makes good our plea2 & 9 ?is s5se x is1 t fai? only ju/ifies4 ,s t fai? & ob$i5ce are bo? necess>y to salvation2 yet 9 sev]al s5ses ea* ( !m is said to ju/ify4 ,sid5ote3 ,ob$i5ce to ,god & to ! civil sov]eign n inconsi/5t1 :e!r ,*ri/ian1 or infidel4 ,hav+ ?us %[n :at is necess>y to salvation2 x is n h>d to reconcile our ob$i5ce to ,god1 ) our ob$i5ce to ! civil sov]eign2 :o is ei!r ,*ri/ian1 or infidel4 ,if he be a ,*ri/ian1 he all[e? ! belief ( ?is article1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/2 & ( all ! articles t are conta9$ 91 or are by evid5t consequ5ce d$uc$ f x3 :i* is all ! fai? necess>y to salvation4 ,& because he is a sov]eign1 he require? ob$i5ce to all 8 own1 t is1 to all ! civil laws2 9 :i* also are conta9$ all ! laws ( nature1 t is all ! laws ( ,god3 = besides ! laws ( nature1 & ! laws ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* are "p ( ! civil law1 7= ! ,*ur* t c make laws is ! commonweal?71 !re be no o!r laws div9e4 ,:osoev] !re=e obeye? 8 ,*ri/ian sov]eign1 is n !reby h9d]$1 nei!r f believ+1 nor f obey+ ,god4 ,b suppose t a ,*ri/ian k+ %\ld f ?is f\ndation ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 draw "s false consequ5ces1 t is to say1 make "s sup]/ructions ( hay or /ubble1 & comm& ! tea*+ ( ! same2 yet see+ ,/4 ,paul says he %all be sav$2 mu* m %all he be sav$1 t tea*e? !m by 8 comm&2 & mu* m yet1 he t tea*es n1 b only believes 8 lawful tea*]4 ,& 9 case a subject be =bidd5 by ! civil sov]eign to pr(ess "s ( ^? 8 op9ions1 ^u :at j gr\nd c he disobey8 ,*ri/ian k+s may err 9 d$uc+ a consequ5ce1 b :o %all judge8 ,%all a private man judge1 :5 ! "q is ( 8 own ob$i5ce8 ,or %all any man judge b he t is appo9t$ !reto by ! ,*ur*1 t is1 by ! civil sov]eign t repres5te? x8 ,or if ! pope1 or an apo/le judge1 may he n err 9 d$uc+ ( a consequ5ce8 ,did n "o ( ! two1 ,/4 ,pet] or ,/4 ,paul1 err 9 a sup]/ructure1 :5 ,/4 ,paul )/ood ,/4 ,pet] to 8 face8 ,!re c !re=e be no contradiction betwe5 ! laws ( ,god1 & ! laws ( a ,*ri/ian commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,or infidel4 ,& :5 ! civil sov]eign is an infidel1 e "o ( 8 own subjects t resi/e? him1 s9ne? aga9/ ! laws ( ,god1 7= su* are ! laws ( nature71 & rejecte? ! c\nsel ( ! apo/les1 t admoni%e? all ,*ri/ians to obey _! pr9ces1 & all *ildr5 & s]vants to obey _! p>5ts & ma/]s 9 all ?+s4 ,& = _! fai?1 x is int]nal1 & invisible2 !y h ! lic5se t ,naaman _h1 & ne$ n put !mselves into dang] = x4 ,b if !y d1 !y ought to expect _! rew>d 9 heav51 & n compla9 ( _! lawful sov]eign2 mu* less make w> ^u him4 ,= he t is n glad ( any j occasion ( m>tyrdom1 has n ! fai? he pr(esse?1 b pret5ds x only1 to set "s col\r ^u 8 own contumacy4 ,b :at infidel k+ is s unreasonable1 z kn[+ he has a subject1 t waite? = ! second com+ ( ,*ri/1 aft] ! pres5t _w %all be burnt1 & int5de? !n to obey him1 7:i* is ! int5t ( believ+ t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/17 & 9 ! mean "t ?9ke? himself b\nd to obey ! laws ( t infidel k+1 7:i* all ,*ri/ians are oblig$ 9 consci5ce to d71 to put to dea? or to p]secute su* a subject8 ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion4 ,& ?us mu* %all suffice1 conc]n+ ! k+dom ( ,god1 & policy ecclesia/ical4 ,:]e9 ,i pret5d n to advance any position ( my own1 b only to %[ :at are ! consequ5ces t seem to me d$ucible f ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ian politics1 7:i* are ! holy ,scriptures17 9 confirmation ( ! p[] ( civil sov]eigns1 & ! duty ( _! subjects4 ,& 9 ! allegation ( ,scripture1 ,i h endeav\r$ to avoid su* texts z are ( obscure or controv]t$ int]pretation2 & to allege none1 b 9 su* s5se z is mo/ pla91 & agreeable to ! h>mony & scope ( ! :ole ,bible2 :i* 0 writt5 = ! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,god 9 ,*ri/4 ,= x is n ! b>e words1 b ! scope ( ! writ]1 t give? ! true light1 by :i* any writ+ is to be int]pret$2 & !y t insi/ ^u s+le texts1 )\t consid]+ ! ma9 design1 c d]ive no?+ f !m cle>ly2 b r by ca/+ atoms ( ,scripture1 z du/ be=e m5's eyes1 make e ?+ m obscure ?an x is2 an ord9>y artifice ( ^? t seek n ! tru?1 b _! own advantage4 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,( ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,d>kness4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xliv4 ,,( ,,spiritual ,,d>kness1 ,,f ,,mis9t]pretation ,,( ,,scripture4 ,sid5ote3 ,! k+dom ( ,d>kness1 :at4 ,besides ^! sov]eign p[]s1 div9e1 & human1 ( :i* ,i h hi!rto disc\rs$1 !re is m5tion 9 ,scripture ( ano!r p[]1 namely1 7,eph4 vi4 #ab7 t ( ! rul]s ( ! d>kness ( ?is _w2 7,mat?4 xii4 #bf7 ! k+dom ( ,satan2 & 7,mat?4 ix4 #cd7 ! pr9cipality ( ,beelzebub ov] demons1 t is to say1 ov] phantasms t appe> 9 ! air3 = :i* cause ,satan is also call$1 7,eph4 ii4 #b7 ! pr9ce ( ! p[] ( ! air2 &1 because he rule? 9 ! d>kness ( ?is _w1 7,john xvi4 #aa7 ! pr9ce ( ?is _w3 & 9 consequ5ce h]eunto1 !y :o are "u 8 dom9ion1 9 opposition to ! fai?ful1 7:o are ! *ildr5 ( ! light17 are call$ ! *ildr5 ( d>kness4 ,= see+ ,beelzebub is pr9ce ( phantasms1 inhabitants ( 8 dom9ion ( air & d>kness1 ! *ildr5 ( d>kness1 & ^! demons1 phantasms1 or spirits ( illusion1 signify allegorically ! same ?+4 ,?is consid]$1 ! k+dom ( d>kness1 z x is set =? 9 ^! & o!r places ( ! ,scripture1 is no?+ else b a conf$]acy ( deceiv]s1 t to obta9 dom9ion ov] m5 9 ?is pres5t _w1 endeav\r by d>k & errone\s doctr9es1 to ext+ui% 9 !m ! light1 bo? ( nature1 & ( ! gospel2 & s to disprep>e !m = ! k+dom ( ,god to come4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*ur* n yet fully fre$ ( d>kness4 ,z m5 t are utt]ly depriv$ f _! nativity1 ( ! light ( ! bodily eye1 h no idea at all ( any su* light2 & no man conceives 9 8 imag9ation any great] light1 ?an he ha? at "s "t or o!r p]ceiv$ by 8 outw>d s5ses3 s also is x ( ! light ( ! gospel1 & ( ! light ( ! und]/&+1 t no man c conceive !re is any great] degree ( x1 ?an t :i* he ha? already atta9$ unto4 ,& f h5ce x comes to pass1 t m5 h no o!r means to ackn[l$ge _! own d>kness1 b only by reason+ f ! un=ese5 mis*ances1 t befall !m 9 _! ways4 ,! d>ke/ "p ( ! k+dom ( ,satan1 is t :i* is )\t ! ,*ur* ( ,god2 t is to say1 among/ !m t believe n 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b we _c say1 t !re=e ! ,*ur* enjoye?1 z ! l& ( ,go%51 all ! light1 :i* to ! p]=mance ( ! "w enjo9$ u by ,god1 is necess>y4 ,:5ce comes x1 t 9 ,*ri/5dom !re has be51 almo/ f ! "t ( ! ,apo/les1 su* ju/l+ ( "o ano!r out ( _! places1 bo? by =eign & civil w>2 su* /umbl+ at e little asp]ity ( _! own =tune1 & e little em95ce ( t ( o!r m52 & su* div]sity ( ways 9 runn+ to ! same m>k1 felicity1 if x be n night among/ u1 or at lea/ a mi/8 ,we are !re=e yet 9 ! d>k4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\r causes ( spiritual d>kness4 ,! enemy has be5 "h 9 ! night ( our natural ignorance1 & s[n ! t>es ( spiritual errors2 & t1 fir/1 by abus+1 & putt+ out ! light ( ! ,scriptures3 = we err1 n kn[+ ! ,scriptures4 ,secondly1 by introduc+ ! demonology ( ! hea!n poets1 t is to say1 _! fabul\s doctr9e conc]n+ demons1 :i* are b idols1 or phantasms ( ! bra91 )\t any real nature ( _! own1 di/9ct f human fancy2 su* z are dead m5's gho/s1 & fairies1 & o!r matt] ( old wives' tales4 ,?irdly1 by mix+ ) ! ,scripture div]s relics ( ! religion1 & mu* ( ! va9 & errone\s philosophy1 ( ! ,greeks1 especially ( ,ari/otle4 ,f\r?ly1 by m+l+ ) bo? ^!1 false1 or unc]ta9 traditions1 & feign$1 or unc]ta9 hi/ory4 ,& s we come to err1 by giv+ he$ to s$uc+ spirits1 & ! demonology ( su* z speak lies 9 hypocrisy2 or z x is 9 ! orig9al1 7#a ,tim4 iv4 #a1 #b7 ( ^? t play ! "p ( li>s1 ) a se>$ consci5ce1 t is1 contr>y to _! own k4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ ( ^!1 :i* is ! s$uc+ ( m5 by abuse ( ,scripture1 ,i int5d to speak briefly 9 ?is *apt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,errors f mis9t]pret+ ! ,scriptures1 conc]n+ ! k+dom ( ,god3 ,! greate/ & ma9 abuse ( ,scripture1 & to :i* almo/ all ! re/ are ei!r consequ5t or subs]vi5t1 is ! wre/+ ( x1 to prove t ! k+dom ( ,god1 m5tion$ s (t5 9 ! ,scripture1 is ! pres5t ,*ur*1 or multitude ( ,*ri/ian m5 n[ liv+1 or t be+ dead1 are to rise aga9 at ! la/ day3 :]eas ! k+dom ( ,god 0 fir/ in/itut$ by ! m9i/ry ( ,moses1 ov] ! ,jews only2 :o 7 !re=e call$ 8 peculi> p2 & ceas$ aft]w>d1 9 ! election ( ,saul1 :5 !y refus$ to be gov]n$ by ,god any m1 & dem&$ a k+ aft] ! mann] ( ! nations2 :i* ,god himself cons5t$ unto1 z ,i h m at l>ge prov$ be=e 9 *apt] ,,xxxv4 ,aft] t "t1 !re 0 no o!r k+dom ( ,god 9 ! _w1 by any pact1 or o!rwise1 ?an he ev] 01 is1 & %all be k+ ( all m51 & ( all creatures1 z gov]n+ accord+ to 8 w1 by 8 inf9ite p[]4 ,nev]!less1 he promis$ by 8 prophets to re/ore ?is 8 gov]nm5t to !m aga91 :5 ! "t he ha? 9 8 secret c\nsel appo9t$ = x %all be fully come1 & :5 !y %all turn unto him by rep5tance & am5dm5t ( life4 ,& n only s1 b he invit$ ! ,g5tiles to come 91 & enjoy ! happ9ess ( 8 reign1 on ! same conditions ( conv]sion & rep5tance2 & he promis$ also to s5d 8 ,son into ! _w1 to expiate ! s9s ( !m all by 8 dea?1 & to prep>e !m by 8 doctr9e1 to receive him at 8 second com+4 ,:i* second com+ n yet be+1 ! k+dom ( ,god is n yet come1 & we are n n[ "u any o!r k+s by pact1 b our civil sov]eigns2 sav+ only1 t ,*ri/ian m5 are already 9 ! k+dom ( grace1 9 z mu* z !y h already ! promise ( be+ receiv$ at 8 com+ aga94 ,sid5ote3 ,z t ! k+dom ( ,god is ! pres5t ,*ur* ,consequ5t to ?is error1 t ! pres5t ,*ur* is ,*ri/'s k+dom1 !re ought to be "s "o man1 or assembly1 by ^: m\? our ,savi\r1 n[ 9 heav51 speake?1 give? law1 & :i* repres5te? 8 p]son to all ,*ri/ians2 or div]s m51 or div]s assemblies t d ! same to div]s p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,?is p[] regal "u ,*ri/1 be+ *all5g$1 univ]sally by ! ,pope1 & 9 p>ticul> commonweal?s by assemblies ( ! pa/ors ( ! place1 7:5 ! ,scripture gives x to none b to civil sov]eigns17 comes to be s passionately disput$1 t x putte? out ! light ( nature1 & cause? s great a d>kness 9 m5's und]/&+1 t !y see n :o x is to :om !y h engag$ _! ob$i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,& t ! ,pope is 8 vic> g5]al3 ,consequ5t to ?is claim ( ! ,pope to be vic>-g5]al ( ,*ri/ 9 ! pres5t ,*ur*1 7suppos$ to be t k+dom ( 8 to :i* we are address$ 9 ! gospel17 is ! doctr9e1 t x is necess>y = a ,*ri/ian k+ to receive 8 cr[n by a bi%op2 z if x 7 f t c]emony1 t he d]ives ! clause ( ,dei gratia 9 8 title2 & t !n only he is made k+ by ! fav\r ( ,god1 :5 he is cr[n$ by ! au?ority ( ,god's univ]sal viceg]5t on e>?2 & t e bi%op1 :osoev] be 8 sov]eign1 take? at 8 consecration an oa? ( absolute ob$i5ce to ! ,pope4 ,consequ5t to ! same1 is ! doctr9e ( ! f\r? ,c\ncil ( ,lat]an1 held "u ,pope ,innoc5t ! ,?ird1 7*ap4 ,,iii4 ,de ,h]eticis71 t if a k+ at ! ,pope's admonition1 d n purge 8 k+dom ( h]esies1 & be+ excommunicate = ! same1 d n give satisfaction )9 a ye>1 8 subjects are absolv$ ( ! bond ( _! ob$i5ce4 ,:]e1 by h]esies are und]/ood all op9ions :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,rome ha? =bidd5 to be ma9ta9$4 ,& by ?is means1 z (t5 z !re is any repugnancy betwe5 ! political designs ( ! ,pope1 & o!r ,*ri/ian pr9ces1 z !re is v (t51 !re arise? su* a mi/ among/ _! subjects1 t !y "k n a /rang] t ?ru/e? himself into ! ?rone ( _! lawful pr9ce1 f him :om !y _h !mselves plac$ !re2 & 9 ?is d>kness ( m9d1 are made to fight "o aga9/ ano!r1 )\t disc]n+ _! enemies f _! fri5ds1 "u ! conduct ( ano!r man's ambition4 ,sid5ote3 ,& t ! pa/ors are ! cl]gy4 ,f ! same op9ion1 t ! pres5t ,*ur* is ! k+dom ( ,god1 x proce$s t pa/ors1 deacons1 & all o!r m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur*1 take ! "n to !mselves ( ! cl]gy2 giv+ to o!r ,*ri/ians ! "n ( laity1 t is1 simply p4 ,= cl]gy signifies ^?1 ^: ma9t5ance is t rev5ue1 :i* ,god hav+ res]v$ to himself dur+ 8 reign ov] ! ,israelites1 assign$ to ! tribe ( ,levi1 7:o 7 to be 8 public m9i/]s1 & _h no portion ( l& set !m out to live on1 z _! bre?r517 to be _! inh]itance4 ,! ,pope !re=e1 pret5d+ ! pres5t ,*ur* to be1 z ! realm ( ,israel1 ! k+dom ( ,god1 *all5g+ to himself & 8 subord9ate m9i/]s1 ! l rev5ue1 z ! inh]itance ( ,god1 ! "n ( cl]gy 0 suitable to t claim4 ,& !nce x is1 t ti!s1 & o!r tributes paid to ! ,levites1 z ,god's "r1 among/ ! ,israelites1 h a long "t be5 dem&$1 & tak5 ( ,*ri/ians1 by ecclesia/ics1 jure div9o1 t is1 9 ,god's "r4 ,by :i* means1 ! p e :]e 7 oblig$ to a d\ble tribute2 "o to ! /ate1 ano!r to ! cl]gy2 :]e(1 t to ! cl]gy1 be+ ! t5? ( _! rev5ue1 is d\ble to t :i* a k+ ( ,a!ns1 & e/eem$ a tyrant1 exact$ ( 8 subjects = ! defray+ ( all public *>ges3 = he dem&$ no m b ! tw5tie? "p1 & yet abundantly ma9ta9$ !re) ! commonweal?4 ,& 9 ! k+dom ( ! ,jews1 dur+ ! sac]dotal reign ( ,god1 ! ti!s & (f]+s 7 ! :ole public rev5ue4 ,sid5ote3 ,& t ! pa/ors are ! cl]gy4 ,f ! same mi/ak+ ( ! pres5t ,*ur* = ! k+dom ( ,god1 came 9 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! civil & ! canon laws3 ! civil law be+ ! acts ( sov]eigns 9 _! own dom9ions1 & ! canon law be+ ! acts ( ! ,pope 9 ! same dom9ion4 ,:i* canons1 ?\gh !y 7 b canons1 t is1 rules prop\nd$1 & b volunt>ily receiv$ by ,*ri/ian pr9ces1 till ! translation ( ! empire to ,*>lemagne2 yet aft]w>ds1 z ! p[] ( ! ,pope increas$1 became rules comm&$1 & ! emp]ors !mselves1 to avoid great] mis*iefs1 :i* ! p bl9d$ might be l$ into1 7 =c$ to let !m pass = laws4 ,f h5ce x is1 t 9 all dom9ions :]e ! ,pope's ecclesia/ical p[] is entirely receiv$1 ,jews1 ,turks1 & ,g5tiles1 are 9 ! ,roman ,*ur* tol]at$ 9 _! religion1 z f> =?1 z 9 ! ex]cise & pr(ession !re( !y (f5d n aga9/ ! civil p[]3 :]eas 9 a ,*ri/ian1 ?\gh a /rang]1 n to be ( ! ,roman religion1 is capital2 because ! ,pope pret5de?1 t all ,*ri/ians1 are 8 subjects4 ,= o!rwise x 7 z mu* aga9/ ! law ( nations1 to p]secute a ,*ri/ian /rang]1 = pr(ess+ ! religion ( 8 own c\ntry1 z an infidel2 or r m1 9 z mu* z !y t are n aga9/ ,*ri/1 are ) him4 ,f ! same x is1 t 9 e ,*ri/ian /ate !re are c]ta9 m51 t are exempt1 by ecclesia/ical lib]ty1 f ! tributes1 & f ! tribunals ( ! civil /ate2 = s are ! secul> cl]gy1 besides monks & fri>s1 :i* 9 _m places be> s great a proportion to ! common p1 z if ne$ 71 !re might be rais$ out ( !m alone1 an army1 suffici5t = any w> ! ,*ur* militant %\ld employ !m 91 aga9/ _! own1 or o!r pr9ces4 ,sid5ote3 ,error f mi/ak+ consecration = conjuration4 ,a second g5]al abuse ( ,scripture1 is ! turn+ ( consecration into conjuration1 or en*antm5t4 ,to consecrate1 is1 9 ,scripture1 to (f]1 give1 or d$icate1 9 pi\s & dec5t language & ge/ure1 a man1 or any o!r ?+ to ,god1 by sep>at+ ( x f common use2 t is to say1 to sanctify1 or make x ,god's1 & to be us$ only by ^?1 :om ,god ha? appo9t$ to be 8 public m9i/]s1 7z ,i h already prov$ at l>ge 9 ! ,x,x,x,vth *apt]17 & !reby to *ange1 n ! ?+ consecrat$1 b only ! use ( x1 f be+ pr(ane & common1 to be holy1 & peculi> to ,god's s]vice4 ,b :5 by su* words1 ! nature or quality ( ! ?+ itself1 is pret5d$ to be *ang$1 x is n consecration1 b ei!r an extraord9>y "w ( ,god1 or a va9 & impi\s conjuration4 ,b see+1 = ! frequ5cy ( pret5d+ ! *ange ( nature 9 _! consecrations1 x _c be e/eem$ a "w extraord9>y1 x is no o!r ?an a conjuration or incantation1 :]eby !y w\ld h m5 to believe an alt]ation ( nature t is n1 contr>y to ! te/imony ( man's sight1 & ( all ! re/ ( 8 s5ses4 ,z = example1 :5 ! prie/1 in/ead ( consecrat+ bread & w9e to ,god's peculi> s]vice 9 ! sacram5t ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 7:i* is b a sep>ation ( x f ! common use1 to signify1 t is1 to put m5 9 m9d ( _! r$emption1 by ! passion ( ,*ri/1 ^: body 0 brok51 & blood %$ ^u ! cross = our transgressions17 pret5ds1 t by say+ ( ! words ( our ,savi\r1 ,?is is my body1 & ?is is my blood1 ! nature ( bread is no m !re1 b 8 v body2 not)/&+ !re appe>e? n to ! sight1 or o!r s5se ( ! receiv]1 any ?+ t appe>$ n be=e ! consecration4 ,! ,egyptian conjur]s1 t are said to h turn$ _! rods to s]p5ts1 & ! wat] into blood1 are ?\ght b to h delud$ ! s5ses ( ! spectators1 by a false %[ ( ?+s1 yet are e/eem$ en*ant]s4 ,b :at %\ld we h ?\ght ( !m1 if !re _h appe>$ 9 _! rods no?+ l a s]p5t1 & 9 ! wat] en*ant$1 no?+ l blood1 nor l any ?+ else b wat]1 b t !y _h fac$ d[n ! k+1 t !y 7 s]p5ts t look$ l rods1 & t x 0 blood t seem$ wat]8 ,t _h be5 bo? en*antm5t1 & ly+4 ,& yet 9 ?is daily act ( ! prie/1 !y d ! v same1 by turn+ ! holy words into ! mann] ( a *>m1 :i* produce? no?+ new to ! s5se2 b !y face u d[n1 t x ha? turn$ ! bread into a man2 nay m1 into a ,god2 & require m5 to wor%ip x1 z if x 7 our ,savi\r himself pres5t ,god & man1 & !reby to commit mo/ gross idolatry4 ,= if x be en\gh to excuse x ( idolatry1 to say x is no m bread1 b ,god2 :y %\ld n ! same excuse s]ve ! ,egyptians1 9 case !y _h ! faces to say1 ! leeks & onions !y wor%ipp$1 7 n v leeks & onions1 b a div9ity "u _! species1 or lik5ess4 ,! words1 ,?is is my body1 are equival5t to ^!1 ?is signifies1 or repres5ts my body2 & x is an ord9>y figure ( spee*3 b to take x lit]ally1 is an abuse2 nor ?\gh s tak51 c x ext5d any fur!r1 ?an to ! bread :i* ,*ri/ himself ) 8 own h&s consecrat$4 ,= he nev] said1 t ( :at bread soev]1 any prie/ :atsoev]1 %\ld say1 ,?is is my body1 or1 ?is is ,*ri/'s body1 ! same %\ld pres5tly be transub/antiat$4 ,nor did ! ,*ur* ( ,rome ev] e/abli% ?is transub/antiation1 till ! "t ( ,innoc5t ! ,?ird2 :i* 0 n above #ejj ye>s ago1 :5 ! p[] ( popes 0 at ! highe/1 & ! d>kness ( ! "t gr[n s great1 z m5 disc]n$ n ! bread t 0 giv5 !m to eat1 especially :5 x 0 /amp$ ) ! figure ( ,*ri/ ^u ! cross1 z if !y w\ld h m5 believe x 7 transub/antiat$1 n only into ! body ( ,*ri/1 b also into ! wood ( 8 cross1 & t !y did eat bo? toge!r 9 ! sacram5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,incantation 9 ! c]emonies ( baptism3 ,! l incantation1 in/ead ( consecration1 is us$ also 9 ! sacram5t ( baptism3 :]e ! abuse ( ,god's "n 9 ea* sev]al p]son1 & 9 ! :ole ,tr9ity1 ) ! sign ( ! cross at ea* "n1 make? up ! *>m4 ,z fir/1 :5 !y make ! holy wat]1 ! prie/ sai?1 ,i conjure !e1 ?\ creature ( wat]1 9 ! "n ( ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 & 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 8 only ,son our ,"l1 & 9 virtue ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 t ?\ become conjur$ wat]1 to drive away all ! p[]s ( ! enemy1 & to eradicate1 & supplant ! enemy1 c4 ,& ! same 9 ! b5$iction ( ! salt to be m+l$ ) x3 ,t ?\ become conjur$ salt1 t all phantasms1 & knav]y ( ! devil's fraud may fly & dep>t f ! place :]e9 ?\ art spr9kl$2 & e unclean _s be conjur$ by ,him t %all come to judge ! quick & ! dead4 ,! same 9 ! b5$iction ( ! oil2 ,t all ! p[] ( ! enemy1 all ! ho/ ( ! devil1 all assaults & phantasms ( ,satan1 may be driv5 away by ?is creature ( oil4 ,& = ! infant t is to be baptiz$1 he is subject to _m *>ms3 fir/1 at ! *ur* door ! prie/ bl[s ?rice 9 ! *ild's face1 & says3 ,g out ( him unclean _s1 & give place to ! ,holy ,gho/ ! com=t]4 ,z if all *ildr51 till bl[n on by ! prie/1 7 demoniacs4 ,aga91 be=e 8 entrance into ! *ur*1 he sai? z be=e1 ,i conjure !e1 c4 to g out1 & dep>t f ?is s]vant ( ,god4 ,& aga9 ! same exorcism is repeat$ once m be=e he be baptiz$4 ,^!1 & "s o!r incantations1 are ^? t are us$ in/ead ( b5$ictions1 & consecrations1 9 adm9i/ration ( ! sacram5ts ( baptism1 & ! ,"l's supp]2 :]e9 e ?+ t s]ve? to ^? holy uses1 except ! unhall[$ spittle ( ! prie/1 ha? "s set =m ( exorcism4 ,sid5ote3 ,& 9 m>riage1 9 visitation ( ! sick1 & 9 consecration ( places4 ,nor are ! o!r rites1 z ( m>riage1 ( extreme unction1 ( visitation ( ! sick1 ( consecrat+ *ur*es & *ur*y>ds1 & ! l1 exempt f *>ms2 inasmu* z !re is 9 !m ! use ( en*ant$ oil & wat]1 ) ! abuse ( ! cross1 & ( ! holy ^w ( ,david1 asp]ges me ,dom9e hyssopo1 z ?+s ( efficacy to drive away phantasms1 & imag9>y spirits4 ,sid5ote3 ,errors f mi/ak+ et]nal life1 & ev]la/+ dea?3 ,ano!r g5]al error1 is f ! mis9t]pretation ( ! words et]nal life1 ev]la/+ dea?1 & ! second dea?4 ,= ?\gh we read pla9ly 9 ,holy ,scripture1 t ,god creat$ ,adam 9 an e/ate ( liv+ = ev]1 :i* 0 conditional1 t is to say1 if he disobey$ n 8 comm&m5t2 :i* 0 n ess5tial to human nature1 b consequ5t to ! virtue ( ! tree ( life2 :]e( he _h lib]ty to eat1 z long z he _h n s9n$2 & t he 0 ?ru/ out ( ,p>adise aft] he _h s9n$1 le/ he %\ld eat !re(1 & live = ev]2 & t ,*ri/'s ,passion is a dis*>ge ( s9 to all t believe on him2 & by consequ5ce1 a re/itution ( et]nal life to all ! fai?ful1 & to !m only3 yet ! doctr9e is n[1 & ha? be5 a long "t f> o!rwise2 namely1 t e man ha? et]nity ( life by nature1 inasmu* z 8 s\l is immortal4 ,s t ! flam+ sword at ! entrance ( ,p>adise1 ?\gh x h9d] a man f com+ to ! tree ( life1 h9d]s him n f ! immortality :i* ,god took f him = 8 s92 nor makes him to ne$ ! sacrific+ ( ,*ri/1 = ! recov]+ ( ! same2 & consequ5tly1 n only ! fai?ful & righte\s1 b also ! wick$ & ! hea!n1 %all enjoy et]nal life1 )\t any dea? at all2 mu* less a second1 & ev]la/+ dea?4 ,to salve ?is1 x is said1 t by second1 & ev]la/+ dea?1 is meant a second1 & ev]la/+ life1 b 9 torm5ts2 a figure nev] us$ b 9 ?is v case4 ,all :i* doctr9e is f\nd$ only on "s ( ! obscur] places ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 :i* nev]!less1 ! :ole scope ( ! ,scripture consid]$1 are cle> en\gh 9 a diff]5t s5se1 & unnecess>y to ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,= suppos+ t :5 a man dies1 !re rema9e? no?+ ( him b 8 c>cass2 _c ,god1 t rais$ inanimat$ du/ & clay into a liv+ creature by 8 ^w1 z easily raise a dead c>cass to life aga91 & cont9ue him alive = ev]1 or make him die aga91 by ano!r ^w8 ,! s\l 9 ,scripture1 signifie? always1 ei!r ! life1 or ! liv+ creature2 & ! body & s\l jo9tly1 ! body alive4 ,9 ! fif? day ( ! creation1 ,god said3 ,let ! wat]s produce reptile anim viv5tis1 ! creep+ ?+ t ha? 9 x a liv+ s\l2 ! ,engli% translate x1 t ha? life4 ,& aga91 ,god creat$ :ales1 et omnem animam viv5tem2 :i* 9 ! ,engli% is1 e liv+ creature4 ,& likewise ( man1 ,god made him ( ! du/ ( ! e>?1 & brea!d 9 8 face ! brea? ( life1 et factus e/ homo 9 animam viv5tem1 t is1 & man 0 made a liv+ creature4 ,& aft] ,noah came out ( ! ark1 ,god sai?1 he w no m smite omnem animam viv5tem1 t is1 e liv+ creature4 ,& 7,deut4 xii4 #bc71 ,eat n ! blood1 = ! blood is ! s\l2 t is1 ! life4 ,f :i* places1 if by s\l 7 meant a sub/ance incorporeal1 ) an exi/5ce sep>at$ f ! body1 x might z well be inf]r$ ( any o!r liv+ creature z ( man4 ,b t ! s\ls ( ! fai?ful1 are n ( _! own nature1 b by ,god's special grace1 to rema9 9 _! bodies1 f ! resurrection to all et]nity1 ,i h already1 ,i ?9k1 suffici5tly prov$ out ( ! ,scriptures1 9 *apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,& = ! places ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :]e x is said t any man %all be ca/ body & s\l into hell fire1 x is no m ?an body & life2 t is to say1 !y %all be ca/ alive into ! p]petual fire ( ,geh5na4 ,sid5ote3 ,z ! doctr9e ( purgatory1 & exorcisms1 & invocation ( sa9ts4 ,?is w9d[ x is1 t gives entrance to ! d>k doctr9e1 fir/1 ( et]nal torm5ts2 & aft]w>ds ( purgatory1 & consequ5tly ( ! walk+ abroad1 especially 9 places consecrat$1 solit>y1 or d>k1 ( ! gho/s ( m5 deceas$2 & !reby to ! pret5ces ( exorcism & conjuration ( phantasms2 z also ( invocation ( m5 dead2 & to ! doctr9e ( indulg5ces1 t is to say1 ( exemption = a "t1 or = ev]1 f ! fire ( purgatory1 :]e9 ^! incorporeal sub/ances are pret5d$ by burn+ to be cleans$1 & made fit = heav54 ,= m5 be+ g5]ally possess$ be=e ! "t ( our ,savi\r1 by contagion ( ! demonology ( ! ,greeks1 ( an op9ion1 t ! s\ls ( m5 7 sub/ances di/9ct f _! bodies1 & !re=e t :5 ! body 0 dead1 ! s\l ( e man1 :e!r godly or wick$1 mu/ subsi/ some:]e by virtue ( its own nature1 )\t ackn[l$g+ !re9 any sup]natural gift ( ,god2 ! doctors ( ! ,*ur* d\bt$ a long "t1 :at 0 ! place1 :i* !y 7 to abide 91 till !y %\ld be reunit$ to _! bodies 9 ! resurrection2 suppos+ = a :ile1 !y lay "u ! alt>s2 b aft]w>d ! ,*ur* ( ,rome f\nd x m pr(itable to build = !m ?is place ( purgatory2 :i* by "s o!r ,*ur*es 9 ?is latt] age has be5 demoli%$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! texts alleg$ = ! doctr9es a=em5tion$ h be5 answ]$ be=e4 ,let u n[ consid] :at texts ( ,scripture seem mo/ to confirm ^! ?ree g5]al errors1 ,i h "h t\*$4 ,z = ^? :i* ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e ha? alleg$1 = ! pres5t k+dom ( ,god adm9i/]$ by ! ,pope1 ?an :i* !re are none t make a bett] %[ ( pro(2 ,i h already answ]$ !m2 & made x evid5t1 t ! k+dom ( ,god1 in/itut$ by ,moses1 end$ 9 ! election ( ,saul2 aft] :i* "t ! prie/ ( 8 own au?ority nev] depos$ any k+4 ,t :i* ! high-prie/ did to ,a?aliah1 0 n done 9 8 own "r1 b 9 ! "r ( ! "y k+ ,joa% h] son3 b ,solomon 9 8 own "r depos$ ! high-prie/ ,abia?>1 & set up ano!r 9 8 place4 ,! mo/ difficult place to answ]1 ( all ^? t c be br\ght to prove ! k+dom ( ,god by ,*ri/ is already 9 ?is _w1 is alleg$1 n by ,bell>m9e1 nor any o!r ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome2 b by ,beza1 t w h x to beg9 f ! resurrection ( ,*ri/4 ,b :e!r he int5d !reby1 to entitle ! ,presbyt]y to ! supreme p[] ecclesia/ical 9 ! commonweal? ( ,g5eva1 & consequ5tly to e presbyt]y 9 e o!r commonweal?1 or to pr9ces1 & o!r civil sov]eigns1 ,i d n "k4 ,= ! presbyt]y ha? *all5g$ ! p[] to excommunicate _! own k+s1 & to be ! supreme mod]ators 9 religion1 9 ! places :]e !y h t =m ( ,*ur*-gov]nm5t1 no less ?an ! ,pope *all5ge? x univ]sally4 ,sid5ote3 ,answ] to ! text on :i* ,beza inf]re? t ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ began at ! resurrection4 ,! words are 7,m>k ix4 #a71 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 t !re be "s ( !m t /& "h1 :i* %all n ta/e ( dea?1 till !y h se5 ! k+dom ( ,god come ) p[]4 ,:i* words if tak5 grammatically1 make x c]ta91 t ei!r "s ( ^? m5 t /ood by ,*ri/ at t "t1 are yet alive2 or else1 t ! k+dom ( ,god mu/ be n[ 9 ?is pres5t _w4 ,& !n !re is ano!r place m difficult4 ,= :5 ! apo/les1 aft] our ,savi\r's resurrection1 & imm$iately be=e 8 asc5sion1 ask$ our ,savi\r1 say+1 7,acts i4 #f71 ,wilt ?\ at ?is "t re/ore aga9 ! k+dom to ,israel8 he answ]$ !m1 ,x is n = y to "k ! times & ! seasons1 :i* ! ,fa!r ha? put 9 8 own p[]2 b ye %all receive p[] by ! com+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ^u y1 & ye %all be my 7m>tyrs7 witnesses bo? 9 ,j]usalem1 & 9 all ,judea1 & 9 ,sam>ia1 & unto ! utt]mo/ "p ( ! e>?4 ,:i* is z mu* z to say1 ,my k+dom is n yet come1 nor %all y =ekn[ :5 x %all come2 = x %all come z a ?ief 9 ! night2 b ,i w s5d y ! ,holy ,gho/1 & by him y %all h p[] to be> witness to all ! _w1 by y\r prea*+1 ( my resurrection1 & ! works ,i h done1 & ! doctr9e ,i h taught1 t !y may believe 9 me1 & expect et]nal life1 at my com+ aga94 ,h[ does ?is agree ) ! com+ ( ,*ri/'s k+dom at ! resurrection8 ,& t :i* ,/4 ,paul says 7#a ,!ss4 i4 #i1 #aj71 ,t !y turn$ f idols1 to s]ve ! liv+ & true ,god1 & to wait = 8 ,son f heav52 :]e to wait = 8 ,son f heav51 is to wait = 8 com+ to be k+ 9 p[]2 :i* 7 n necess>y1 if 8 k+dom _h be5 !n pres5t4 ,aga91 if ! k+dom ( ,god began1 z ,beza on t place 7,m>k ix4 #a7 w\ld h x1 at ! resurrection2 :at reason is !re = ,*ri/ians ev] s9ce ! resurrection to say 9 _! pray]s1 ,let ?y k+dom come8 ,x is !re=e manife/1 t ! words ( ,/4 ,m>k are n s to be int]pret$4 ,!re be "s ( !m t /& "h1 sai? our ,savi\r1 t %all n ta/e ( dea? till !y h se5 ! k+dom ( ,god come 9 p[]4 ,if !n ?is k+dom 7 to come at ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 :y is x said1 "s ( !m1 r ?an all8 ,= !y all liv$ till aft] ,*ri/ 0 ris54 ,sid5ote3 ,explication ( ! place 9 ,m>k ix4 #a4 ,b !y t require an exact int]pretation ( ?is text1 let !m int]pret fir/ ! l words ( our ,savi\r to ,/4 ,pet]1 conc]n+ ,/4 ,john1 7*ap4 xxi4 #bb71 ,if ,i w t he t>ry till ,i come1 :at is t to !e8 ^u :i* 0 gr\nd$ a report t he %\ld n die4 ,nev]!less ! tru? ( t report 0 nei!r confirm$1 z well gr\nd$2 nor refut$1 z ill gr\nd$ on ^? words2 b left z a say+ n und]/ood4 ,! same difficulty is also 9 ! place ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,& if x be lawful to conjecture at _! mean+1 by t :i* imm$iately foll[s1 bo? "h1 & 9 ,/4 ,luke1 :]e ! same is aga9 repeat$1 x is n improbable1 to say !y h relation to ! ,transfiguration1 :i* is describ$ 9 ! v]ses imm$iately foll[+3 :]e x is said1 t aft] six days ,jesus take? ) him ,pet]1 & ,james1 & ,john 7n all1 b "s ( 8 disciples71 & leade? !m up into a high m\nta9 ap>t by !mselves1 & 0 transfigur$ be=e !m3 & 8 raim5t became %9+1 exce$+ :ite z sn[2 s z no full] on e>? c :ite !m3 & !re appe>$ unto !m1 ,elias ) ,moses1 & !y 7 talk+ ) ,jesus1 c4 ,s t !y saw ,*ri/ 9 glory & maje/y1 z he is to come2 insomu* z !y 7 sore afraid4 ,& ?us ! promise ( our ,savi\r 0 accompli%$ by way ( vision4 ,= x 0 a vision1 z may probably be inf]r$ out ( ,/4 ,luke1 t recite? ! same /ory 7*ap4 ix4 #bh1 c471 & sai?1 t ,pet] & !y t 7 ) him1 7 heavy ) sleep3 b mo/ c]ta9ly out ( ,mat?4 xvii4 #i1 :]e ! same is aga9 relat$2 = our ,savi\r *>g$ !m1 say+1 ,tell no man ! vision until ! ,son ( ,man be ris5 f ! dead4 ,h[soev] x be1 yet !re c f !nce be tak5 no argum5t1 to prove t ! k+dom ( ,god take? beg9n+ till ! day ( judgm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,abuse ( "s o!r texts 9 def5ce ( ! p[] ( ! ,pope4 ,z = "s o!r texts1 to prove ! ,pope's p[] ov] civil sov]eigns1 7besides ^? ( ,bell>m9e17 z t ! two swords t ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les _h among/ !m1 7 ! spiritual & ! temporal sword1 :i* !y say ,/4 ,pet] _h giv5 him by ,*ri/3 &1 t ( ! two lum9>ies1 ! great] signifies ! ,pope1 & ! less] ! ,k+2 "o might z well inf] out ( ! fir/ v]se ( ! ,bible1 t by heav5 is meant ! ,pope1 & by e>? ! ,k+4 ,:i* is n argu+ f ,scripture1 b a wanton insult+ ov] pr9ces1 t came 9 fa%ion aft] ! "t ! ,popes 7 gr[n s secure ( _! greatness1 z to contemn all ,*ri/ian k+s2 & tread+ on ! necks ( emp]ors1 to mock bo? !m & ! ,scripture1 9 ! words ( ,psalm ,,xci4 #ac1 ,?\ %alt tread ^u ! lion & ! add]2 ! "y lion & ! dragon ?\ %alt trample "u ?y feet4 ,sid5ote3 ,! mann] ( consecrations 9 ! ,scripture1 0 )\t exorcisms4 ,z = ! rights ( consecration1 ?\gh !y dep5d = ! mo/ "p ^u ! discretion & judgm5t ( ! gov]nors ( ! ,*ur*1 & n ^u ! ,scriptures2 yet ^? gov]nors are oblig$ to su* direction1 z ! nature ( ! action itself require?2 z t ! c]emonies1 words1 & ge/ures1 be bo? dec5t & significant1 or at lea/ con=mable to ! action4 ,:5 ,moses consecrat$ ! tab]nacle1 ! alt>1 & ! vessels belong+ to !m1 7,exod4 xl4 #i71 he ano9t$ !m ) ! oil :i* ,god _h comm&$ to be made = t purpose3 & !y 7 holy3 !re 0 no?+ exorcis$1 to drive away phantasms4 ,! same ,moses1 ! civil sov]eign ( ,israel1 :5 he consecrat$ ,a>on1 ! high-prie/1 & 8 sons1 did wa% !m ) wat]1 n exorcis$ wat]1 put _! g>m5ts ^u !m1 & ano9t$ !m ) oil2 & !y 7 sanctifi$1 to m9i/] unto ! ,"l 9 ! prie/'s (fice2 :i* 0 a simple & dec5t cleans+1 & adorn+ !m1 be=e he pres5t$ !m to ,god1 to be 8 s]vants4 ,:5 k+ ,solomon1 ! civil sov]eign ( ,israel1 consecrat$ ! temple he _h built1 7#a ,k+s viii471 he /ood be=e all ! congregation ( ,israel2 & hav+ bless$ !m1 he gave ?anks to ,god1 = putt+ into ! he>t ( 8 fa!r to build x2 & = giv+ to himself ! grace to accompli% ! same2 & !n pray$ unto him1 fir/1 to accept t h\se1 ?\gh x 7 n suitable to 8 inf9ite greatness2 & to he> ! pray]s ( 8 s]vants t %\ld pray !re91 or1 if !y 7 abs5t1 t[>ds x2 & la/ly1 he (f]$ a sacrifice ( peace-(f]+1 & ! h\se 0 d$icat$4 ,"h 0 no procession2 ! k+ /ood /ill 9 8 fir/ place2 no exorcis$ wat]2 no ,asp]ges me1 nor o!r imp]t95t application ( words spok5 ^u ano!r occasion2 b a dec5t & rational spee*1 & su* z 9 mak+ to ,god a pres5t ( 8 new-built h\se1 0 mo/ con=mable to ! occasion4 ,we read n t ,/4 ,john did exorcise ! wat] ( ,jordan2 nor ,philip ! wat] ( ! riv] :]e9 he baptiz$ ! ,eunu*2 nor t any pa/or 9 ! "t ( ! apo/les1 did take 8 spittle1 & put x to ! nose ( ! p]son to be baptiz$1 & say1 9 odorem suavitatis1 t is1 = a sweet sav\r unto ! ,"l2 :]e9 nei!r ! c]emony ( spittle1 = ! uncleanness2 nor ! application ( t ,scripture = ! levity1 c by any au?ority ( man be ju/ifi$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! immortality ( man's s\l1 n prov$ by ,scripture to be ( nature1 b ( grace4 ,to prove t ! s\l sep>at$ f ! body1 live? et]nally1 n only ! s\ls ( ! elect1 by especial grace1 & re/oration ( ! et]nal life :i* ,adam lo/ by s91 & our ,savi\r re/or$ by ! sacrifice ( himself1 to ! fai?ful2 b also ! s\ls ( reprobates1 z a prop]ty naturally consequ5t to ! ess5ce ( mank9d1 )\t o!r grace ( ,god1 b t :i* is univ]sally giv5 to all mank9d2 !re are div]s places1 :i* at ! fir/ sight seem suffici5tly to s]ve ! turn3 b su*1 z :5 ,i comp>e !m ) t :i* ,i h be=e 7*apt] ,,xxxviii47 alleg$ out ( ! #ad? ( ,job1 seem to me mu* m subject to a div]se int]pretation1 ?an ! words ( ,job4 ,& fir/ !re are ! words ( ,solomon 7,eccles4 xii4 #g71 ,!n %all ! du/ return to du/1 z x 01 & ! _s %all return to ,god t gave x4 ,:i* may be> well en\gh1 if !re be no o!r text directly aga9/ x1 ?is int]pretation1 t ,god only kn[s1 b man n1 :at becomes ( a man's _s1 :5 he expire?2 & ! same ,solomon1 9 ! same book1 7*apt] iii4 #bj1 #ba7 deliv]e? ! same s5t5ce 9 ! same s5se ,i h giv5 x4 ,8 words are3 ,all g1 7man & bea/71 to ! same place2 all are ( ! du/1 & all turn to du/ aga92 :o kn[e? t ! _s ( man goe? upw>d1 & t ! _s ( ! bea/ goe? d[nw>d to ! e>?8 ,t is1 none kn[s b ,god2 nor is x an unusual phrase to say ( ?+s we und]/& n1 ,god kn[s :at1 &1 ,god kn[s :]e4 ,t ( 7,g54 v4 #bd7 ,eno* walk$ ) ,god1 & he 0 n2 = ,god took him2 :i* is exp\nd$1 7,heb4 xi4 #e71 ,he 0 translat$1 t he %\ld n die2 & 0 n f\nd1 because ,god _h translat$ him4 ,= be=e 8 translation1 he _h ?is te/imony1 t he pleas$ ,god2 mak+ z mu* = ! immortality ( ! body1 z ( ! s\l1 prove?1 t ?is 8 translation 0 peculi> to !m t please ,god2 n common to !m ) ! wick$1 & dep5d+ on grace1 n on nature4 ,b on ! contr>y1 :at int]pretation %all we give besides ! lit]al s5se1 ( ! words ( ,solomon 7,eccles4 iii4 #ai71 ,t :i* befalle? ! sons ( m51 befalle? bea/s2 ev5 "o ?+ befalle? !m2 z ! "o die?1 s do? ! o!r2 yea1 !y h all "o brea?1 7"o _s72 s t a man ha? no pre-em95ce above a bea/1 = all is vanity4 ,by ! lit]al s5se1 "h is no natural immortality ( ! s\l2 nor yet any repugnancy ) ! life et]nal1 :i* ! elect %all enjoy by grace4 ,& 7,eccles4 *ap4 iv4 #c7 ,bett] is he t ha? n yet be51 ?an bo? !y2 t is1 ?an !y t live1 or h liv$2 :i*1 if ! s\l ( all !m t h liv$1 7 immortal1 7 a h>d say+2 = !n to h an immortal s\l1 7 worse ?an to h no s\l at all4 ,& aga91 7*apt] ix4 #e71 ,! liv+ "k !y %all die1 b ! dead "k n any ?+2 t is1 naturally1 & be=e ! resurrection ( ! body4 ,ano!r place :i* seems to make = a natural immortality ( ! s\l1 is t1 :]e our ,savi\r sai?1 t ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 are liv+3 b ?is is spok5 ( ! promise ( ,god1 & ( _! c]titude to rise aga91 n ( a life !n actual2 & 9 ! same s5se t ,god said to ,adam1 t on ! day he %\ld eat ( ! =bidd5 fruit1 he %\ld c]ta9ly die2 f t "t =w>d he 0 a dead man by s5t5ce2 b n by execution1 till almo/ a ?\s& ye>s aft]4 ,s ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob 7 alive by promise1 !n1 :5 ,*ri/ spake2 b are n actually till ! resurrection4 ,& ! hi/ory ( ,dives & ,laz>us1 makes no?+ aga9/ ?is1 if we take x1 z x is1 = a p>able4 ,b !re be o!r places ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :]e an immortality seeme? to be directly attribut$ to ! wick$4 ,= x is evid5t t !y %all all rise to judgm5t4 ,& x is said besides 9 _m places1 t !y %all g into ev]la/+ fire1 ev]la/+ torm5ts1 ev]la/+ puni%m5ts2 & t ! worm ( consci5ce nev] die?2 & all ?is is compreh5d$ 9 ! ^w ev]la/+ dea?1 :i* is ord9>ily int]pret$ ev]la/+ life 9 torm5ts4 ,& yet ,i c f9d no :]e t any man %all live 9 torm5ts ev]la/+ly4 ,also1 x seeme? h>d1 to say1 t ,god :o is ! fa!r ( m]cies2 t do? 9 heav5 & e>? all t he w2 t ha? ! he>ts ( all m5 9 8 dispos+2 t worke? 9 m5 bo? to d1 & to w2 & )\t ^: free gift a man ha? nei!r incl9ation to good1 nor rep5tance ( evil1 %\ld puni% m5's transgressions )\t any end ( "t1 & ) all ! extremity ( torture1 t m5 c imag9e1 & m4 ,we are !re=e to consid]1 :at ! mean+ is1 ( ev]la/+ fire1 & o!r ! l phrases ( ,scripture4 ,i h %[$ already1 t ! k+dom ( ,god by ,*ri/ beg9ne? at ! day ( judgm5t3 t 9 t day ! fai?ful %all rise aga91 ) glori\s & spiritual bodies1 & be 8 subjects 9 t 8 k+dom1 :i* %all be et]nal3 t !y %all nei!r m>ry nor be giv5 9 m>riage1 nor eat & dr9k1 z !y did 9 _! natural bodies2 b live = ev] 9 _! individual p]sons1 )\t ! specifical et]nity ( g5]ation3 & t ! reprobates also %all rise aga91 to receive puni%m5ts = _! s9s3 z also1 t ^? ( ! elect1 :i* %all be alive 9 _! e>?ly bodies at t day1 %all h _! bodies sudd5ly *ang$1 & made spiritual & immortal4 ,b t ! bodies ( ! reprobate1 :o make ! k+dom ( ,satan1 %all also be glori\s1 or spiritual bodies1 or t !y %all be z ! angels ( ,god1 nei!r eat+1 nor dr9k+1 nor eng5d]+2 or t _! life %all be et]nal 9 _! individual p]sons1 z ! life ( e fai?ful man is1 or z ! life ( ,adam _h be5 if he _h n s9n$1 !re is no place ( ,scripture to prove x2 save only ^! places conc]n+ et]nal torm5ts2 :i* may o!rwise be int]pret$4 ,f :5ce may be inf]r$1 t z ! elect aft] ! resurrection %all be re/or$ to ! e/ate1 :]e9 ,adam 0 be=e he _h s9n$2 s ! reprobate %all be 9 ! e/ate1 t ,adam & 8 po/]ity 7 9 aft] ! s9 committ$2 sav+ t ,god promis$ a ,r$eem] to ,adam1 & su* ( 8 se$ z %\ld tru/ 9 him1 & rep5t2 b n to !m t %\ld die 9 _! s9s1 z d ! reprobate4 ,sid5ote3 ,et]nal torm5ts1 :at4 ,^! ?+s consid]$1 ! texts t m5tion et]nal fire1 et]nal torm5ts1 or ! worm t nev] die?1 contradict n ! doctr9e ( a second1 & ev]la/+ dea?1 9 ! prop] & natural s5se ( ! ^w dea?4 ,! fire1 or torm5ts prep>$ = ! wick$ 9 ,geh5na1 ,tophet1 or 9 :at place soev]1 may cont9ue = ev]2 & !re may nev] want wick$ m5 to be torm5t$ 9 !m2 ?\gh n e1 nor any "o et]nally4 ,= ! wick$ be+ left 9 ! e/ate !y 7 9 aft] ,adam's s91 may at ! resurrection live z !y did1 m>ry1 & give 9 m>riage1 & h gross & corruptible bodies1 z all mank9d n[ h2 & consequ5tly may eng5d] p]petually1 aft] ! resurrection1 z !y did be=e3 = !re is no place 9 ,scripture to ! contr>y4 ,= ,/4 ,paul1 speak+ ( ! resurrection 7#a ,cor4 xv47 und]/&e? x only ( ! resurrection to life et]nal2 & n ! resurrection to puni%m5t4 ,& ( ! fir/1 he sai?1 t ! body is s[n 9 corruption1 rais$ 9 incorruption2 s[n 9 di%on\r1 rais$ 9 hon\r2 s[n 9 weakness1 rais$ 9 p[]2 s[n a natural body1 rais$ a spiritual body4 ,!re is no su* ?+ c be said ( ! bodies ( !m t rise to puni%m5t4 ,s also our ,savi\r1 :5 he speake? ( ! nature ( man aft] ! resurrection1 meane? ! resurrection to life et]nal1 n to puni%m5t4 ,! text is1 ,luke xx4 v]ses #cd1 #ce1 #cf1 a f]tile text3 ,! *ildr5 ( ?is _w m>ry1 & are giv5 9 m>riage2 b !y t %all be c\nt$ wor?y to obta9 t _w1 & ! resurrection f ! dead1 nei!r m>ry1 nor are giv5 9 m>riage3 nei!r c !y die any m2 = !y are equal to ! angels1 & are ! *ildr5 ( ,god1 be+ ! *ildr5 ( ! resurrection4 ,! *ildr5 ( ?is _w1 t are 9 ! e/ate :i* ,adam left !m 91 %all m>ry1 & be giv5 9 m>riage2 t is1 corrupt1 & g5]ate successively2 :i* is an immortality ( ! k9d1 b n ( ! p]sons ( m53 !y are n wor?y to be c\nt$ among/ !m t %all obta9 ! next _w1 & an absolute resurrection f ! dead2 b only a %ort "t1 z inmates ( t _w2 & to ! end only to receive condign puni%m5t = _! contumacy4 ,! elect are ! only *ildr5 ( ! resurrection2 t is to say1 ! sole heirs ( et]nal life3 !y only c die no m1 x is !y t are equal to ! angels1 & t are ! *ildr5 ( ,god2 & n ! reprobate4 ,to ! reprobate !re rema9e? aft] ! resurrection1 a second & et]nal dea?3 betwe5 :i* resurrection1 & _! second & et]nal dea?1 is b a "t ( puni%m5t & torm5t2 & to la/ by succession ( s9n]s !reunto1 z long z ! k9d ( man by propagation %all endure2 :i* is et]nally4 ,sid5ote3 ,answ] ( ! texts alleg$ = purgatory4 ,^u ?is doctr9e ( ! natural et]nity ( sep>at$ s\ls1 is f\nd$1 z ,i said1 ! doctr9e ( purgatory4 ,= suppos+ et]nal life by grace only1 !re is no life b ! life ( ! body2 & no immortality till ! resurrection4 ,! texts = purgatory alleg$ by ,bell>m9e out ( ! canonical ,scripture ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 are1 fir/1 ! fa/+ ( ,david = ,saul & ,jona?an1 m5tion$ #b ,sam4 i4 #ab1 & aga91 #b ,sam4 iii4 #ce1 = ! dea? ( ,abn]4 ,?is fa/+ ( ,david1 he sai?1 0 = ! obta9+ ( some?+ = !m at ,god's h&s1 aft] _! dea?3 because aft] he _h fa/$ to procure ! recov]y ( 8 own *ild1 z soon z he knew x 0 dead1 he call$ = meat4 ,see+ !n ! s\l ha? an exi/5ce sep>ate f ! body1 & no?+ c be obta9$ by m5's fa/+ = ! s\ls t are already ei!r 9 heav51 or hell1 x foll[e? t !re be "s s\ls ( dead m51 t are nei!r 9 heav51 nor 9 hell2 & !re=e !y mu/ be 9 "s ?ird place1 :i* mu/ be purgatory4 ,& ?us ) h>d /ra9+1 he has wre/$ ^? places to ! pro( ( a purgatory3 :]eas x is manife/1 t ! c]emonies ( m\rn+1 & fa/+1 :5 !y are us$ = ! dea? ( m51 ^: life 0 n pr(itable to ! m\rn]s1 !y are us$ = hon\r's sake to _! p]sons2 & :5 x is done = ! dea? ( !m by ^: life ! m\rn]s _h b5efit1 x proce$s f _! p>ticul> damage4 ,& s ,david hon\r$ ,saul & ,abn]1 ) 8 fa/+2 & 9 ! dea? ( 8 own *ild1 recom=t$ himself1 by receiv+ 8 ord9>y food4 ,9 ! o!r places1 :i* he allege? out ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 !re is n s mu* z any %[1 or col\r ( pro(4 ,he br+s 9 e text :]e9 !re is ! ^w ang]1 or fire1 or burn+1 or purg+1 or cleans+1 9 case any ( ! fa!rs h b 9 a s]mon rhetorically appli$ x to ! doctr9e ( purgatory1 already believ$4 ,! fir/ v]se ( ,psalm xxxvii2 ,o ,"l1 rebuke me n 9 ?y wra?1 nor *a/5 me 9 ?y hot displeasure3 :at 7 ?is to purgatory1 if ,augu/9e _h n appli$ ! wra? to ! fire ( hell1 & ! displeasure to t ( purgatory8 ,& :at is x to purgatory1 t ( ,psalm lxvi4 #ab1 ,we w5t ?r\gh fire & wat]1 & ?\ br\ghte/ u to a moi/ place2 & o!r ! l texts1 ) :i* ! doctors ( ^? times int5d$ to adorn1 or ext5d _! s]mons1 or comm5t>ies1 hal$ to _! purposes by =ce ( wit8 ,sid5ote3 ,places ( ! ,new ,te/am5t = purgatory answ]$4 ,b he allege? o!r places ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t are n s easy to be answ]$4 ,& fir/ t ( ,mat?4 xii4 #cb3 ,:osoev] speake? a ^w aga9/ ! ,son ( man1 x %all be =giv5 him2 b :osoev] speake? aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/1 x %all n be =giv5 him nei!r 9 ?is _w1 nor 9 ! _w to come3 :]e he w h purgatory to be ! _w to come1 :]e9 "s s9s may be =giv51 :i* 9 ?is _w 7 n =giv53 not)/&+ t x is manife/1 !re are b ?ree worlds2 "o f ! creation to ! flood1 :i* 0 de/roy$ by wat]1 & is call$ 9 ,scripture ! old _w2 ano!r f ! flood1 to ! day ( judgm5t1 :i* is ! pres5t _w1 & %all be de/roy$ by fire2 & ! ?ird1 :i* %all be f ! day ( judgm5t =w>d1 ev]la/+1 :i* is call$ ! _w to come2 & 9 :i* x is agre$ by all1 !re %all be no purgatory3 & !re=e ! _w to come1 & purgatory1 are inconsi/5t4 ,b :at !n c be ! mean+ ( ^? our ,savi\r's words8 ,i confess !y are v h>dly to be reconcil$ ) all ! doctr9es n[ unanim\sly receiv$3 nor is x any %ame1 to confess ! pr(\ndness ( ! ,scripture to be too great to be s\nd$ by ! %ortness ( human und]/&+4 ,nev]!less1 ,i may prop\nd su* ?+s to ! consid]ation ( m le>n$ div9es1 z ! text itself sugge/e?4 ,& fir/1 see+ to speak aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/1 z be+ ! ?ird p]son ( ! ,tr9ity1 is to speak aga9/ ! ,*ur*1 9 :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ reside?2 x seeme? ! comp>ison is made1 betwe5 ! eas9ess ( our ,savi\r1 9 be>+ ) (f5ces done to him :ile he himself taught ! _w1 t is1 :5 he 0 on e>?1 & ! sev]ity ( ! pa/ors aft] him1 aga9/ ^? :i* %\ld d5y _! au?ority1 :i* 0 f ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,z if he %\ld say1 y t d5y my p[]2 nay y t %all crucify me1 %all be p>don$ by me1 z (t5 z y turn unto me by rep5tance3 b if y d5y ! p[] ( !m t tea* y h]eaft]1 by virtue ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 !y %all be inexorable1 & %all n =give y1 b p]secute y 9 ?is _w1 & leave y )\t absolution1 7?\gh y turn to me1 unless y turn also to !m71 to ! puni%m5ts1 z mu* z lies 9 !m1 ( ! _w to come4 ,& s ! words may be tak5 z a prophecy1 or pr$iction conc]n+ ! times1 z !y h along be5 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,or if ?is be n ! mean+1 7= ,i am n p]emptory 9 su* difficult places71 p]haps !re may be places left aft] ! resurrection1 = ! rep5tance ( "s s9n]s4 ,& !re is also ano!r place1 t seeme? to agree !re)4 ,= consid]+ ! words ( ,/4 ,paul 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #bi71 ,:at %all !y d :i* are baptiz$ = ! dead1 if ! dead rise n at all8 :y also are !y baptiz$ = ! dead8 a man may probably inf]1 z "s h done1 t 9 ,/4 ,paul's "t1 !re 0 a cu/om1 by receiv+ baptism = ! dead1 7z m5 t n[ believe1 are sureties & und]tak]s = ! fai? ( infants1 t are n capable ( believ+71 to und]take = ! p]sons ( _! deceas$ fri5ds1 t !y %\ld be ready to obey1 & receive our ,savi\r = _! k+1 at 8 com+ aga92 & !n ! =giv5ess ( s9s 9 ! _w to come1 has no ne$ ( a purgatory4 ,b 9 bo? ^! int]pretations1 !re is s mu* ( p>adox1 t ,i tru/ n to !m2 b prop\nd !m to ^? t are ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 ! ,scripture1 to inquire if !re be no cle>] place t contradicts !m4 ,only ( ?us mu*1 ,i see evid5t ,scripture1 to p]suade me1 t !re is nei!r ! ^w1 nor ! ?+ ( purgatory1 nei!r 9 ?is1 nor any o!r text2 nor any ?+ t c prove a necessity ( a place = ! s\l )\t ! body2 nei!r = ! s\l ( ,laz>us dur+ ! f\r days he 0 dead2 nor = ! s\ls ( !m :i* ! ,roman ,*ur* pret5d to be torm5t$ n[ 9 purgatory4 ,= ,god1 t c\ld give a life to a piece ( clay1 ha? ! same p[] to give life aga9 to a dead man1 & r5ew 8 inanimate1 & rott5 c>case1 into a glori\s1 spiritual1 & immortal body4 ,ano!r place is t ( #a ,cor4 iii41 :]e x is said1 t !y :i* build /ubble1 hay1 c4 on ! true f\ndation1 _! "w %all p]i%2 b !y !mselves %all be sav$1 b z ?r\gh fire3 ?is fire1 he w h to be ! fire ( purgatory4 ,! words1 z ,i h said be=e1 are an allusion to ^? ( ,ze*4 xiii4 #i1 :]e he sai?1 ,i w br+ ! ?ird "p ?r\gh ! fire1 & ref9e !m z silv] is ref9$1 & w try !m z gold is tri$3 :i* is spok5 ( ! com+ ( ! ,messiah 9 p[] & glory2 t is1 at ! day ( judgm5t1 & conflagration ( ! pres5t _w2 :]e9 ! elect %all n be consum$1 b be ref9$2 t is1 depose _! errone\s doctr9es & traditions1 & h !m z x 7 s+$ (f2 & %all aft]w>ds call ^u ! "n ( ! true ,god4 ,9 l mann]1 ! apo/le sai? ( !m1 t hold+ ?is f\ndation1 ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 %all build !reon "s o!r doctr9es t be errone\s1 t !y %all n be consum$ 9 t fire :i* r5ewe? ! _w1 b %all pass ?r\gh x to salvation2 b s z to see1 & rel9qui% _! =m] errors4 ,! build]s1 are ! pa/ors2 ! f\ndation1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/2 ! /ubble & hay1 false consequ5ces drawn f x ?r\gh ignorance1 or frailty2 ! gold1 silv]1 & preci\s /ones1 are _! true doctr9es2 & _! ref9+ or purg+1 ! rel9qui%+ ( _! errors4 ,9 all :i* !re is no col\r at all = ! burn+ ( incorporeal1 t is to say1 impatible s\ls4 ,sid5ote3 ,baptism = ! dead1 h[ und]/ood4 ,a ?ird place is t ( #a ,cor4 xv4 #bi1 be=e m5tion$1 conc]n+ baptism = ! dead3 out ( :i* he conclude?1 fir/1 t pray]s = ! dead are n unpr(itable2 & out ( t1 t !re is a fire ( purgatory3 b nei!r ( !m rightly4 ,= ( _m int]pretations ( ! ^w baptism1 he approve? ?is 9 ! fir/ place1 t by baptism is meant1 metaphorically1 a baptism ( p5ance2 & t m5 are 9 ?is s5se baptiz$1 :5 !y fa/1 & pray1 & give alms3 & s1 baptism = ! dead1 & pray] = ! dead1 is ! same ?+4 ,b ?is is a metaphor1 ( :i* !re is no example1 nei!r 9 ! ,scripture1 nor 9 any o!r use ( language2 & :i* is also discordant to ! h>mony1 & scope ( ! ,scripture4 ,! ^w baptism is us$ 7,m>k x4 #ch1 & ,luke xii4 #ej71 = be+ dipp$ 9 "o's own blood1 z ,*ri/ 0 ^u ! cross1 & z mo/ ( ! apo/les 71 = giv+ te/imony ( him4 ,b x is h>d to say1 t pray]1 fa/+1 & alms1 h any similitude ) dipp+4 ,! same is us$ also ,mat?4 iii4 #aa 7:i* seeme? to make some:at = purgatory7 = a purg+ ) fire4 ,b x is evid5t ! fire & purg+ "h m5tion$1 is ! same :]e( ! prophet ,ze*>iah speake? 7*apt] xiii4 #i7 ,i w br+ ! ?ird "p ?r\gh ! fire1 & w ref9e !m1 c4 ,& ,/4 ,pet] aft] him 7#a ,epi/le i4 #g71 ,t ! trial ( y\r fai?1 :i* is mu* m preci\s ?an ( gold t p]i%e?1 ?\gh x be tri$ ) fire1 might be f\nd unto praise1 & hon\r1 & glory at ! appe>+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 & ,/4 ,paul 7#a ,cor4 iii4 #ac71 ,! fire %all try e man's "w ( :at sort x is4 ,b ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul speak ( ! fire t %all be at ! second appe>+ ( ,*ri/2 & ! prophet ,ze*>iah ( ! day ( judgm5t4 ,& !re=e ?is place ( ,/4 ,mat!w may be int]pret$ ( ! same2 & !n !re w be no necessity ( ! fire ( purgatory4 ,ano!r int]pretation ( baptism = ! dead1 is t :i* ,i h be=e m5tion$1 :i* he pref]re? to ! second place ( probability3 & !nce also he inf]re? ! utility ( pray] = ! dead4 ,= if aft] ! resurrection1 su* z h n he>d ( ,*ri/1 or n believ$ 9 him1 may be receiv$ into ,*ri/'s k+dom2 x is n 9 va91 aft] _! dea?1 t _! fri5ds %\ld pray = !m1 till !y %\ld be ris54 ,b grant+ t ,god1 at ! pray]s ( ! fai?ful1 may conv]t unto him "s ( ^? t h n he>d ,*ri/ prea*$1 & consequ5tly _c h reject$ ,*ri/1 & t ! *>ity ( m5 9 t po9t _c be blam$2 yet ?is conclude? no?+ = purgatory2 because to rise f dea? to life1 is "o ?+2 to rise f purgatory to life is ano!r2 z be+ a ris+ f life to life1 f a life 9 torm5ts to a life 9 joy4 ,a f\r? place is t ( ,mat?4 v4 #be1 #bf3 ,agree ) ?9e adv]s>y quickly1 :il/ ?\ art 9 ! way ) him1 le/ at any "t ! adv]s>y deliv] !e to ! judge1 & ! judge deliv] !e to ! (fic]1 & ?\ be ca/ into prison3 v]ily ,i say unto !e1 ?\ %alt by no means come out !nce1 till ?\ ha/ paid ! utt]mo/ f>?+4 ,9 :i* allegory1 ! (f5d] is ! s9n]2 bo? ! adv]s>y & ! judge is ,god2 ! way is ?is life2 ! prison is ! grave2 ! (fic]1 dea?2 f :i*1 ! s9n] %all n rise aga9 to life et]nal1 b to a second dea?1 till he h paid ! utmo/ f>?+1 or ,*ri/ pay x = him by 8 passion1 :i* is a full ransom = all mann] ( s9s1 z well less] s9s1 z great] crimes2 bo? be+ made by ! passion ( ,*ri/ equally v5ial4 ,! fif? place1 is t ( ,mat?4 v4 #bb3 ,:osoev] is angry ) 8 bro!r )\t a cause1 %all be guilty 9 judgm5t3 & :osoev] %all say to 8 bro!r1 ,raca1 %all be guilty 9 ! c\ncil3 b :osoev] %all say1 ?\ fool1 %all be guilty to hell fire4 ,f :i* words he inf]re? ?ree sorts ( s9s1 & ?ree sorts ( puni%m5ts2 & t none ( ^? s9s1 b ! la/1 %all be puni%$ ) hell fire2 & consequ5tly1 t aft] ?is life1 !re is puni%m5t ( less] s9s 9 purgatory4 ,( :i* inf]5ce1 !re is no col\r 9 any int]pretation t ha? yet be5 giv5 ( !m4 ,%all !re be a di/9ction aft] ?is life ( c\rts ( ju/ice1 z !re 0 among/ ! ,jews 9 our ,savi\r's "t1 to he>1 & det]m9e div]s sorts ( crimes1 z ! judges1 & ! c\ncil8 ,%all n all judicature app]ta9 to ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les8 ,to und]/& !re=e ?is text1 we are n to consid] x solit>ily1 b jo9tly ) ! words prec$5t1 & subsequ5t4 ,our ,savi\r 9 ?is *apt] int]prete? ! law ( ,moses2 :i* ! ,jews ?\ght 0 !n fulfill$1 :5 !y _h n transgress$ ! grammatical s5se !re(1 h[soev] !y _h transgress$ aga9/ ! s5t5ce1 or mean+ ( ! legislator4 ,!re=e :]eas !y ?\ght ! six? comm&m5t 0 n brok51 b by kill+ a man3 nor ! sev5?1 b :5 a man lay ) a woman1 n 8 wife2 our ,savi\r tells !m ! inw>d ang] ( a man aga9/ 8 bro!r1 if x be )\t j cause1 is homicide4 ,y h he>d1 sai? he1 ! ,law ( ,moses1 ,?\ %alt n kill1 & t ,:osoev] %all kill1 %all be condemn$ be=e ! judges1 or be=e ! session ( ! ,sev5ty3 b ,i say unto y1 to be angry ) "o's bro!r )\t cause1 or to say unto him ,raca1 or ,fool1 is homicide1 & %all be puni%$ at ! day ( judgm5t1 & session ( ,*ri/1 & 8 apo/les1 ) hell fire4 ,s t ^? words 7 n us$ to di/+ui% betwe5 div]s crimes1 & div]s c\rts ( ju/ice1 & div]s puni%m5ts2 b to tax ! di/9ction betwe5 s9 & s91 :i* ! ,jews drew n f ! diff]5ce ( ! w 9 obey+ ,god1 b f ! diff]5ce ( _! temporal c\rts ( ju/ice2 & to %[ !m t he t _h ! w to hurt 8 bro!r1 ?\gh ! effect appe> b 9 revil+1 or n at all1 %all be ca/ into hell fire1 by ! judges1 & by ! session1 :i* %all be ! same1 n diff]5t1 c\rts at ! day ( judgm5t4 ,?is consid]$1 :at c be drawn f ?is text1 to ma9ta9 purgatory1 ,i _c imag9e4 ,! six? place is ,luke xvi4 #i3 ,make ye fri5ds ( ! unrighte\s ,mammon2 t :5 ye fail1 !y may receive y into ev]la/+ tab]nacles4 ,?is he alleges to prove invocation ( sa9ts dep>t$4 ,b ! s5se is pla91 t we %\ld make fri5ds ) our ri*es1 ( ! poor2 & !reby obta9 _! pray]s :il/ !y live4 ,he t give? to ! poor1 l5de? to ! ,"l4 ,! sev5? is ,luke xxiii4 #db3 ,"l1 rememb] me1 :5 ?\ come/ into ?y k+dom4 ,!re=e1 sai? he1 !re is remission ( s9s aft] ?is life4 ,b ! consequ5ce is n good4 ,our ,savi\r !n =gave him2 & at 8 com+ aga9 9 glory1 w rememb] to raise him aga9 to life et]nal4 ,! eigh? is ,acts ii4 #bd1 :]e ,/4 ,pet] sai? ( ,*ri/1 t ,god _h rais$ him up1 & loos$ ! pa9s ( dea?1 because x 0 n possible he %\ld be hold5 ( x3 :i* he int]prets to be a desc5t ( ,*ri/ into purgatory1 to loose "s s\ls !re f _! torm5ts3 :]eas x is manife/1 t x 0 ,*ri/ t 0 loos$2 x 0 he t c\ld n be hold5 ( dea?1 or ! grave2 & n ! s\ls 9 purgatory4 ,b if t :i* ,beza says1 9 8 notes on ?is place1 be well obs]v$1 !re is none t w n see1 t in/ead ( pa9s1 x %\ld be b&s2 & !n !re is no fur!r cause to seek = purgatory 9 ?is text4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xlv4 ,,( ,,demonology1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,relics ,,( ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,g5tiles4 ,sid5ote3 ,! orig9al ( demonology4 ,! impression made on ! organs ( sight by lucid bodies1 ei!r 9 "o direct l9e1 or 9 _m l9es1 reflect$ f opaque1 or refract$ 9 ! passage ?r\gh diaphan\s bodies1 produce? 9 liv+ creatures1 9 :om ,god ha? plac$ su* organs1 an imag9ation ( ! object1 f :5ce ! impression proce$e?2 :i* imag9ation is call$ sight2 & seeme? n to be a m]e imag9ation1 b ! body itself )\t u2 9 ! same mann]1 z :5 a man viol5tly presse? 8 eye1 !re appe>s to him a light )\t1 & be=e him1 :i* no man p]ceive? b himself2 because !re is inde$ no su* ?+ )\t him1 b only a motion 9 ! int]ior organs1 press+ by resi/ance outw>d1 t makes him ?9k s4 ,& ! motion made by ?is pressure1 cont9u+ aft] ! object :i* caus$ x is remov$1 is t we call imag9ation & memory2 &1 9 sleep1 & sometimes 9 great di/emp] ( ! organs by sickness or viol5ce1 a dream2 ( :i* ?+s ,i h already spok5 briefly1 9 ! second & ?ird *apt]s4 ,?is nature ( sight hav+ nev] be5 discov]$ by ! anci5t pret5d]s to natural k2 mu* less by ^? t consid] n ?+s s remote1 z t k is1 f _! pres5t use2 x 0 h>d = m5 to conceive ( ^? images 9 ! fancy & 9 ! s5se1 o!rwise1 ?an ( ?+s really )\t u3 :i* "s1 because !y vani% away1 !y "k n :i!r nor h[1 w h to be absolutely incorporeal1 t is to say immat]ial1 or =ms )\t matt]2 col\r & figure1 )\t any col\r$ or figur$ body2 & t !y c put on airy bodies1 z a g>m5t1 to make !m visible :5 !y w to our bodily eyes2 & o!rs say1 are bodies & liv+ creatures1 b made ( air1 or o!r m subtle & e!real matt]1 :i* is1 !n1 :5 !y w be se51 cond5s$4 ,b bo? ( !m agree on "o g5]al appellation ( !m1 ,,demons4 ,z if ! dead ( :om !y dream$1 7 n inhabitants ( _! own bra91 b ( ! air1 or ( heav51 or hell2 n phantasms1 b gho/s2 ) j z mu* reason z if "o %\ld say1 he saw 8 own gho/ 9 a look+-glass1 or ! gho/s ( ! />s 9 a riv]2 or call ! ord9>y app>ition ( ! sun1 ( ! quantity ( ab\t a foot1 ! demon1 or gho/ ( t great sun t enlight5e? ! :ole visible _w3 & by t means h fe>$ !m1 z ?+s ( an unkn[n1 t is1 ( an unlimit$ p[] to d !m good or h>m2 & consequ5tly1 giv5 occasion to ! gov]nors ( ! hea!n commonweal?s to regulate ?is _! fe>1 by e/abli%+ t ,,demonology1 79 :i* ! poets1 z pr9cipal prie/s ( ! hea!n religion1 7 specially employ$ or rev]5c$17 to ! public peace1 & to ! ob$i5ce ( subjects necess>y !reunto2 & to make "s ( !m good demons1 & o!rs evil2 ! "o z a spur to ! obs]vance1 ! o!r z re9s to )hold !m f violation ( ! laws4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at 7 ! demons ( ! anci5ts4 ,:at k9d ( ?+s !y 71 to :om !y attribut$ ! "n ( demons1 appe>e? p>tly 9 ! g5ealogy ( _! gods1 writt5 by ,hesiod1 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t poets ( ! ,grecians2 & p>tly 9 o!r hi/ories2 ( :i* ,i h obs]v$ "s few be=e1 9 ! twelf? *apt] ( ?is disc\rse4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ t doctr9e 0 spread4 ,! ,grecians1 by _! colonies & conque/s1 communicat$ _! language & writ+s into ,asia1 ,egypt1 & ,italy2 & !re91 by necess>y consequ5ce _! demonology1 or1 z ,/4 ,paul calls x1 7#a ,tim4 iv4 #a7 _! doctr9es ( devils4 ,& by t means ! contagion 0 d]iv$ also to ! ,jews1 bo? ( ,judea & ,alex&ria1 & o!r p>ts1 :]e9to !y 7 disp]s$4 ,b ! "n ( demon !y did n1 z ! ,grecians1 attribute to spirits bo? good & evil2 b to ! evil only3 & to ! good demons !y gave ! "n ( ! _s ( ,god2 & e/eem$ ^? into ^: bodies !y ent]$ to be prophets4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ f> receiv$ by ! ,jews4 ,9 sum1 all s+ul>ity1 if good1 !y attribut$ to ! _s ( ,god2 & if evil1 to "s demon1 b a 1 an evil demon1 t is a devil4 ,& !re=e1 !y call$ demoniacs1 t is possess$ by ! devil1 su* z we call madm5 or lunatics2 or su* z _h ! fall+ sickness1 or t spoke any ?+ :i* !y1 = want ( und]/&+1 ?\ght absurd4 ,z also ( an unclean p]son 9 a notori\s degree1 !y us$ to say he _h an unclean _s2 ( a dumb man1 t he _h a dumb devil2 & ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 7,matt4 xi4 #ah71 = ! s+ul>ity ( 8 fa/+1 t he _h a devil2 & ( our ,savi\r1 because he said1 he t keepe? 8 say+s %\ld n see dea? 9 t]num1 7,john viii4 #eb71 ,n[ we "k ?\ ha/ a devil2 ,abraham is dead1 & ! prophets are dead3 & aga91 because he said 7,john vii4 #bj71 ,!y w5t ab\t to kill him1 ! p answ]$1 ,?\ ha/ a devil2 :o goe? ab\t to kill !e8 ,:]eby x is manife/1 t ! ,jews _h ! same op9ions conc]n+ phantasms1 namely1 t !y 7 n phantasms1 t is1 idols ( ! bra91 b ?+s real1 & indep5dant on ! fancy4 ,sid5ote3 ,:y our ,savi\r controll$ x n4 ,:i* doctr9e1 if x be n true1 :y1 may "s say1 did n our ,savi\r contradict x1 & tea* ! contr>y8 ,nay1 :y does he use on div]s occasions su* =ms ( spee* z seem to confirm x8 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 t fir/1 :]e ,*ri/ sai?1 7,luke xxiv4 #ci7 ,a _s ha? n fle% & bone1 ?\gh he %[ t !re be spirits1 yet he d5ies n t !y are bodies4 ,& :]e ,/4 ,paul says1 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #dd7 we %all rise spiritual bodies1 he ackn[l$ge? ! nature ( spirits1 b t !y are bodily spirits2 :i* is n difficult to und]/&4 ,= air & _m o!r ?+s are bodies1 ?\gh n fle% & bone1 or any o!r gross body to be disc]n$ by ! eye4 ,b :5 our ,savi\r speake? to ! devil1 & comm&e? him to g out ( a man1 if by ! devil1 he meant a disease1 z phr5sy1 or lunacy1 or a corporeal _s1 is n ! spee* improp]8 ,c diseases he>8 ,or c !re be a corporeal _s 9 a body ( fle% & bone1 full already ( vital & animal spirits8 ,are !re n1 !re=e spirits1 t nei!r h bodies1 nor are m]e imag9ations8 ,to ! fir/ ,i answ]1 t ! address+ ( our ,savi\r's comm& to ! madness1 or lunacy he cure?1 is no m improp] ?an 0 8 rebuk+ ( ! fev]1 or ( ! w9d & sea2 = nei!r d ^! he>2 or ?an 0 ! comm& ( ,god1 to ! light1 to ! firmam5t1 to ! sun1 & />s1 :5 he comm&$ !m to be2 = !y c\ld n he> be=e !y _h a be+4 ,b ^? spee*es are n improp]1 because !y signify ! p[] ( ,god's ^w2 no m !re=e is x improp]1 to comm& madness1 or lunacy1 "u ! appellation ( devils by :i* !y 7 !n commonly und]/ood1 to dep>t out ( a man's body4 ,to ! second1 conc]n+ _! be+ incorporeal1 ,i h n yet obs]v$ any place ( ,scripture1 f :5ce x c be ga!r$1 t any man 0 ev] possess$ ) any o!r corporeal _s1 b t ( 8 own1 by :i* 8 body is naturally mov$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,scriptures d n tea* t spirits are incorporeal4 ,our ,savi\r1 imm$iately aft] ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ ^u him 9 ! =m ( a dove1 is said by ,/4 ,mat!w 7*apt] iv4 #a71 to h be5 l$ up by ! ,_s into ! wild]ness2 & ! same is recit$ 7,luke iv4 #a7 9 ^! words1 ,jesus be+ full ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 0 l$ 9 ! ,_s into ! wild]ness2 :]eby x is evid5t t by _s !re1 is meant ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,?is _c be int]pret$ = a possession2 = ,*ri/1 & ! ,holy ,gho/1 are b "o & ! same sub/ance2 :i* is no possession ( "o sub/ance1 or body1 by ano!r4 ,& :]eas 9 ! v]ses foll[+ he is said to h be5 tak5 up by ! devil into ! holy city1 & set ^u a p9nacle ( ! temple1 %all we conclude !nce t he 0 possess$ ( ! devil1 or c>ri$ ?i!r by viol5ce8 ,& aga91 c>ri$ !nce by ! devil into an exce$+ high m\nta91 :o %[$ him !nce all ! k+doms ( ! _w3 :]e9 we are n to believe he 0 ei!r possess$1 or =c$ by ! devil2 nor t any m\nta9 is high en\gh1 accord+ to ! lit]al s5se1 to %[ him "o :ole hemisph]e4 ,:at !n c be ! mean+ ( ?is place1 o!r ?an t he w5t ( himself into ! wild]ness2 & t ?is c>ry+ ( him up & d[n f ! wild]ness to ! city1 & f !nce into a m\nta91 0 a vision8 ,con=mable :]eunto1 is also ! phrase ( ,/4 ,luke1 t he 0 l$ into ! wild]ness1 n by1 b 91 ! ,_s2 :]eas1 conc]n+ 8 be+ tak5 up into ! m\nta91 & unto ! p9nacle ( ! temple1 he speake? z ,/4 ,mat!w do?3 :i* suite? ) ! nature ( a vision4 ,aga91 :]e ,/4 ,luke 7*ap4 xxii4 #c1 #d7 says ( ,judas ,isc>iot1 t ,satan ent]$ into him1 & !reupon t he w5t & commun$ ) ! *ief prie/s1 & capta9s1 h[ he might betray ,*ri/ unto !m2 x may be answ]$1 t by ! ent]+ ( ,satan1 t is ! enemy1 into him1 is meant1 ! ho/ile & traitor\s int5tion ( sell+ 8 ,"l & ,ma/]4 ,= z by ! ,holy ,gho/1 is frequ5tly 9 ,scripture und]/ood1 ! graces & good incl9ations giv5 by ! ,holy ,gho/2 s by ! ent]+ ( ,satan may be und]/ood ! wick$ cogitations1 & designs ( ! adv]s>ies ( ,*ri/1 & 8 disciples4 ,= z x is h>d to say1 t ! devil 0 ent]$ into ,judas1 be=e he _h any su* ho/ile design2 s x is imp]t95t to say1 he 0 fir/ ,*ri/'s enemy 9 8 he>t1 & t ! devil ent]$ into him aft]w>ds4 ,!re=e ! ent]+ ( ,satan1 & 8 wick$ purpose1 0 "o & ! same ?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,scriptures d n tea* t spirits are incorporeal4 ,b if !re be no immat]ial _s1 or any possession ( m5's bodies by any _s corporeal1 x may aga9 be ask$1 :y our ,savi\r & 8 apo/les did n tea* ! p s2 & 9 su* cle> words1 z !y might no m d\bt !re(4 ,b su* que/ions z ^!1 are m curi\s1 ?an necess>y = a ,*ri/ian man's salvation4 ,m5 may z well ask :y ,*ri/1 t c\ld h giv5 to all m5 fai?1 piety1 & all mann] ( moral virtues1 gave x to "s only1 & n to all3 & :y he left ! se>* ( natural causes1 & sci5ces1 to ! natural reason & indu/ry ( m51 & did n reveal x to all1 or any man sup]naturally2 & _m o!r su* que/ions4 ,( :i* nev]!less !re may be alleg$ probable & pi\s reasons4 ,= z ,god1 :5 he br\ght ! ,israelites into ! l& ( ,promise1 did n secure !m !re91 by subdu+ all ! nations r\nd ab\t !m2 b left _m ( !m1 z ?orns 9 _! sides1 to awak5 f "t to "t _! piety & indu/ry3 s our ,savi\r1 9 conduct+ u t[>d 8 heav5ly k+dom1 did n de/roy all ! difficulties ( natural que/ions2 b left !m to ex]cise our indu/ry1 & reason2 ! scope ( 8 prea*+1 be+ only to %[ u ?is pla9 & direct way to salvation1 namely1 ! belief ( ?is article1 t he 0 ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1 s5t into ! _w to sacrifice himself = our s9s1 & at 8 com+ aga91 glori\sly to reign ov] 8 elect1 & to save !m f _! enemies et]nally4 ,to :i*1 ! op9ion ( possession by spirits1 or phantasms1 is no imp$im5t 9 ! way2 ?\gh x be to "s an occasion ( go+ out ( ! way1 & to foll[ _! own inv5tions4 ,if we require ( ! ,scripture an acc\nt ( all que/ions1 :i* may be rais$ to tr\ble u 9 ! p]=mance ( ,god's comm&s1 we may z well compla9 ( ,moses = n hav+ set d[n ! "t ( ! creation ( su* spirits1 z well z ( ! creation ( ! e>? & sea1 & ( m5 & bea/s4 ,to conclude2 ,i f9d 9 ,scripture t !re be angels1 & spirits1 good & evil2 b n t !y are incorporeal1 z are ! app>itions m5 see 9 ! d>k1 or 9 a dream1 or vision2 :i* ! ,lat9s call spectra1 & took = demons4 ,& ,i f9d t !re are spirits corporeal1 ?\gh subtle & invisible2 b n t any man's body 0 possess$ or inhabit$ by !m2 & t ! bodies ( ! sa9ts %all be su*1 namely1 spiritual bodies1 z ,/4 ,paul calls !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! p[] ( ca/+ out devils1 n ! same x 0 9 ! primitive *ur*4 ,nev]!less1 ! contr>y doctr9e1 namely1 t !re be incorporeal spirits1 ha? hi!rto s prevail$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 t ! use ( exorcism1 t is to say1 ( ejection ( devils by conjuration1 is !reupon built2 &1 ?\gh r>ely & fa9tly practis$1 is n yet totally giv5 ov]4 ,t !re 7 _m demoniacs 9 ! primitive ,*ur*1 & few madm51 & o!r su* s+ul> diseases2 :]eas 9 ^! times we he> (1 & see _m madm51 & few demoniacs1 proce$s n f ! *ange ( nature1 b ( names4 ,b h[ x comes to pass t :]eas h]et(ore ! apo/les1 & aft] !m = a "t1 ! pa/ors ( ! ,*ur*1 did cure ^? s+ul> diseases1 :i* n[ !y are n se5 to d2 z likewise1 :y x is n 9 ! p[] ( e true believ] n[1 to d all t ! fai?ful did !n1 t is to say1 z we read 7,m>k xvi4 #ag1 #ah71 9 ,*ri/'s "n to ca/ out devils1 to speak ) new tongues1 to take up s]p5ts1 to dr9k deadly poison )\t h>m-tak+1 & to cure ! sick by ! lay+ on ( _! h&s1 & all ?is )\t o!r words1 b 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 is ano!r "q4 ,& x is probable t ^? extraord9>y gifts 7 giv5 to ! ,*ur*1 = no long] a "t1 ?an m5 tru/$ :olly to ,*ri/1 & look$ = _! felicity only 9 8 k+dom to come2 & consequ5tly1 t :5 !y s\ght au?ority1 & ri*es1 & tru/$ to _! own subtlety = a k+dom ( ?is _w1 ^! sup]natural gifts ( ,god 7 aga9 tak5 f !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,ano!r relic ( ,g5tilism1 wor%ipp+ ( images1 left 9 ! ,*ur*1 n br\ght into x4 ,ano!r relic ( ,g5tilism is1 ! wor%ip ( images1 nei!r in/itut$ by ,moses 9 ! ,old1 nor by ,*ri/ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 nor yet br\ght 9 f ! ,g5tiles2 b left among/ !m aft] !y _h giv5 _! names to ,*ri/4 ,be=e our ,savi\r prea*$1 x 0 ! g5]al religion ( ! ,g5tiles to wor%ip = gods ^? app>5ces t rema9 9 ! bra9 f ! impression ( ext]nal bodies ^u ! organs ( _! s5ses1 :i* are commonly call$ ideas1 idols1 phantasms1 conceits1 z be+ repres5tations ( ^? ext]nal bodies :i* cause !m1 & h no?+ 9 !m ( reality1 no m ?an !re is 9 ! ?+s t seem to /& be=e u 9 a dream4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y ,/4 ,paul says1 7#a ,cor4 viii4 #d7 we "k t an idol is no?+2 n t he ?\ght t an image ( metal1 /one1 or wood1 0 no?+2 b t ! ?+ :i* !y hon\r$1 or fe>$ 9 ! image1 & held = a god1 0 a m]e figm5t1 )\t place1 habitation1 motion1 or exi/5ce1 b 9 ! motions ( ! bra94 ,& ! wor%ip ( ^! ) div9e hon\r1 is t :i* is 9 ! ,scripture call$ idolatry1 & rebellion aga9/ ,god4 ,= ,god be+ ,k+ ( ! ,jews1 & 8 lieut5ant be+ fir/ ,moses1 & aft]w>d ! high-prie/2 if ! p _h be5 p]mitt$ to wor%ip1 & pray to images1 :i* are repres5tations ( _! own fancies1 !y _h _h no fur!r dep5dance on ! true ,god1 ( :om !re c be no similitude2 nor on 8 prime-m9i/]s1 ,moses & ! high-prie/s2 b e man _h gov]n$ himself accord+ to 8 own appetite1 to ! utt] ev]sion ( ! commonweal?1 & _! own de/ruction = want ( union4 ,& !re=e ! fir/ law ( ,god 01 !y %\ld n take = gods1 ,,ali5os ,,deos1 t is1 ! gods ( o!r nations1 b t only true ,god1 :o v\*saf$ to commune ) ,moses1 & by him to give !m laws & directions1 = _! peace1 & = _! salvation f _! enemies4 ,& ! second 01 t !y %\ld n make to !mselves any image to wor%ip1 ( _! own inv5tion4 ,= x is ! same depos+ ( a k+1 to submit to ano!r k+1 :e!r he be set up by a neighb\r nation1 or by ourselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,answ] to c]ta9 seem+ texts = images4 ,! places ( ,scripture pret5d$ to c\nt5ance ! sett+ up ( images1 to wor%ip !m2 or to set !m up at all 9 ! places :]e ,god is wor%ipp$1 are fir/1 two examples2 "o ( ! *]ubims ov] ! ark ( ,god2 ! o!r ( ! braz5 s]p5t4 ,secondly1 "s texts :]eby we are comm&$ to wor%ip c]ta9 creatures = _! relation to ,god2 z to wor%ip 8 foot/ool4 ,& la/ly1 "s o!r texts1 by :i* is au?oriz$ a religi\s hon\r+ ( holy ?+s4 ,b be=e ,i exam9e ! =ce ( ^? places1 to prove t :i* is pret5d$1 ,i mu/ fir/ expla9 :at is to be und]/ood by wor%ipp+1 & :at by images & idols4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at is wor%ip4 ,i h already %[n 9 ! ,,xx? *apt] ( ?is disc\rse1 t to hon\r1 is to value highly ! p[] ( any p]son3 & t su* value is measur$1 by our comp>+ him ) o!rs4 ,b because !re is no?+ to be comp>$ ) ,god 9 p[]2 we hon\r him n1 b di%on\r him by any value less ?an inf9ite4 ,& ?us hon\r is prop]ly ( its own nature1 secret1 & int]nal 9 ! he>t4 ,b ! inw>d ?\ghts ( m51 :i* appe> outw>dly 9 _! words & actions1 are ! signs ( our hon\r+1 & ^! g by ! "n ( wor%ip2 9 ,lat91 cultus4 ,!re=e1 to pray to1 to swe> by1 to obey1 to be dilig5t & (fici\s 9 s]v+3 9 sum1 all words & actions t betok5 fe> to (f5d1 or desire to please1 is wor%ip1 :e!r ^? words & actions be s9c]e1 or feign$3 & because !y appe> z signs ( hon\r+1 are ord9>ily also call$ hon\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/9ction betwe5 div9e & civil wor%ip4 ,! wor%ip we exhibit to ^? we e/eem to be b m51 z to k+s1 & m5 9 au?ority1 is civil wor%ip3 b ! wor%ip we exhibit to t :i* we ?9k to be ,god1 :atsoev] ! words1 c]emonies1 ge/ures or o!r actions be1 is div9e wor%ip4 ,to fall pro/rate be=e a k+1 9 him t ?9ks him b a man1 is b civil wor%ip3 & he t putte? (f 8 hat 9 ! *ur*1 = ?is cause1 t he ?9ke? x ! h\se ( ,god1 wor%ippe? ) div9e wor%ip4 ,!y t seek ! di/9ction ( div9e & civil wor%ip1 n 9 ! int5tion ( ! wor%ipp]1 b 9 ! words & 1 deceive !mselves4 ,= :]eas !re be two sorts ( s]vants3 t sort1 :i* is ( ^? t are absolutely 9 ! p[] ( _! ma/]s1 z slaves tak5 9 w>1 & _! issue1 ^: bodies are n 9 _! own p[]1 7_! lives dep5d+ on ! w ( _! ma/]s1 9 su* mann] z to =feit !m ^u ! lea/ disob$i5ce71 & t are b\ght & sold z bea/s1 7 call$ 1 t is1 prop]ly slaves1 & _! s]vice 3 ! o!r1 :i* is ( ^? t s]ve 7= hire1 or 9 hope ( b5efit f _! ma/]s7 volunt>ily1 are call$ 2 t is1 dome/ic s]vants1 to ^: s]vice ! ma/]s h no fur!r "r1 ?an is conta9$ 9 ! cov5ants made betwixt !m4 ,^! two k9ds ( s]vants h ?us mu* common to !m bo?1 t _! lab\r is appo9t$ !m by ano!r3 & ! ^w 1 is ! g5]al "n ( bo?1 signify+ him t worke? = ano!r1 :e!r z a slave1 or a volunt>y s]vant4 ,s t signifie? g5]ally all s]vice2 b ! s]vice ( bondm5 only1 & ! condition ( slav]y3 & bo? are us$ 9 ,scripture1 7to signify our s]vice ( ,god7 promiscu\sly2 1 because we are ,god's slaves2 1 because we s]ve him4 ,& 9 all k9ds ( s]vice is conta9$1 n only ob$i5ce1 b also wor%ip2 t is1 su* actions1 ge/ures1 & words1 z signify hon\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,an image1 :at4 ,an image1 9 ! mo/ /rict signification ( ! ^w1 is ! resemblance ( some?+ visible3 ,sid5ote3 ,phantasms4 9 :i* s5se ! phanta/ical =ms1 app>itions1 or seem+s ( visible bodies to ! sight1 are only images2 su* z are ! %[ ( a man1 or o!r ?+ 9 ! wat]1 by reflection1 or refraction2 or ( ! sun1 or />s by direct vision 9 ! air2 :i* are no?+ real 9 ! ?+s se51 nor 9 ! place :]e !y seem to be2 nor are _! magnitudes & figures ! same ) t ( ! object2 b *angeable1 by ! v>iation ( ! organs ( sight1 or by glasses1 & are pres5t (t5times 9 our imag9ation1 & 9 our dreams1 :5 ! object is abs5t2 or *ang$ into o!r col\rs & %apes1 z ?+s t dep5d only ^u ! fancy4 ,& ^! are ! images1 :i* are orig9ally & mo/ prop]ly call$ ideas1 & idols1 & d]iv$ f ! language ( ! ,grecians1 ) :om ! ^w signifie? to see4 ,!y also are call$ phantasms1 :i* is 9 ! same language1 app>itions4 ,& f ^! images x is1 t "o ( ! faculties ( man's nature1 is call$ ! imag9ation4 ,& f h5ce x is manife/1 t !re nei!r is1 nor c be1 any image made ( a ?+ invisible4 ,x is also evid5t1 t !re c be1 no image ( a ?+ inf9ite3 = all ! images1 & phantasms t are made by ! impression ( ?+s visible1 are figur$2 b figure is a quantity e way det]m9$4 ,& !re=e !re c be no image ( ,god2 nor ( ! s\l ( man2 nor ( spirits2 b only ( bodies visible2 t is1 bodies t h light 9 !mselves1 or are by su* enlight5$4 ,sid5ote3 ,fictions4 ,& :]eas a man c fancy %apes he nev] saw2 mak+ up a figure out ( ! p>ts ( div]s creatures2 z ! poets make _! c5taurs1 *im]as1 & o!r mon/]s nev] se53 s c he also give matt] to ^? %apes1 & make !m 9 wood1 clay1 or metal4 ,sid5ote3 ,mat]ial images4 ,& ^! are also call$ images1 n = ! resemblance ( any corporeal ?+1 b = ! resemblance ( "s phanta/ical inhabitants ( ! bra9 ( ! mak]4 ,b 9 ^! idols1 z !y are orig9ally 9 ! bra91 & z !y are pa9t$1 c>v$1 m\ld$1 or m\lt5 9 matt]1 !re is a similitude ( ! "o to ! o!r1 = :i* ! mat]ial body made by art1 may be said to be ! image ( ! fanta/ical idol made by nature4 ,b 9 a l>g] use ( ! ^w image1 is conta9$ also1 any repres5tation ( "o ?+ by ano!r4 ,s an e>?ly sov]eign may be call$ ! image ( ,god3 & an inf]ior magi/rate1 ! image ( an e>?ly sov]eign4 ,& _m times 9 ! idolatry ( ! ,g5tiles !re 0 little reg>d to ! similitude ( _! mat]ial idol to ! idol 9 _! fancy1 & yet x 0 call$ ! image ( x4 ,= a /one unhewn has be5 set up = ,neptune1 & div]s o!r %apes f> diff]5t f ! %apes !y conceiv$ ( _! gods4 ,& at ?is day we see _m images ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & o!r sa9ts1 unlike "o ano!r1 & )\t correspond5ce to any "o man's fancy2 & yet s]ve well en\gh = ! purpose !y 7 erect$ =2 :i* 0 no m b by ! names only1 to repres5t ! p]sons m5tion$ 9 ! hi/ory2 to :i* e man applie? a m5tal image ( 8 own mak+1 or none at all4 ,& ?us an image 9 ! l>ge/ s5se1 is ei!r ! resemblance1 or ! repres5tation ( "s ?+ visible2 or bo? toge!r1 z x happ5e? = ! mo/ "p4 ,b ! "n ( idol is ext5d$ yet fur!r 9 ,scripture1 to signify also ! sun1 or a />1 or any o!r creature1 visible or invisible1 :5 !y are wor%ipp$ = gods4 ,sid5ote3 ,idolatry1 :at4 ,hav+ %[n :at is wor%ip1 & :at an image2 ,i w n[ put !m toge!r1 & exam9e :at t ,,idolatry is1 :i* is =bidd5 9 ! second comm&m5t1 & o!r places ( ! ,scripture4 ,to wor%ip an image1 is volunt>ily to d ^? ext]nal acts1 :i* are signs ( hon\r+ ei!r ! matt] ( ! image1 :i* is wood1 /one1 metal1 or "s o!r visible creature2 or ! phantasm ( ! bra91 = ! resemblance1 or repres5tation :]e(1 ! matt] 0 =m$ & figur$2 or bo? toge!r1 z "o animate body1 compos$ ( ! matt] & ! phantasm1 z ( a body & s\l4 ,to be uncov]$1 be=e a man ( p[] & au?ority1 or be=e ! ?rone ( a pr9ce1 or 9 su* o!r places z he orda9e? to t purpose 9 8 abs5ce1 is to wor%ip t man1 or pr9ce ) civil wor%ip2 z be+ a sign1 n ( hon\r+ ! /ool or place1 b ! p]son2 & is n idolatry4 ,b if he t do? x1 %\ld suppose ! s\l ( ! pr9ce to be 9 ! /ool1 or %\ld pres5t a petition to ! /ool1 x 7 div9e wor%ip1 & idolatry4 ,to pray to a k+ = su* ?+s1 z he is able to d = u1 ?\gh we pro/rate ourselves be=e him1 is b civil wor%ip2 because we ackn[l$ge no o!r p[] 9 him1 b human3 b volunt>ily to pray unto him = fair wea!r1 or = any ?+ :i* ,god only c d = u1 is div9e wor%ip1 & idolatry4 ,on ! o!r side1 if a k+ compel a man to x by ! t]ror ( dea?1 or o!r great corporal puni%m5t1 x is n idolatry3 = ! wor%ip :i* ! sov]eign comm&e? to be done unto himself by ! t]ror ( 8 laws1 is n a sign t he t obeye? him1 does inw>dly hon\r him z a ,god1 b t he is desir\s to save himself f dea?1 or f a mis]able life2 & t :i* is n a sign ( int]nal hon\r1 is no wor%ip2 & !re=e no idolatry4 ,nei!r c x be said1 t he t does x1 sc&alize?1 or laye? any /umbl+ block be=e 8 bro!r2 because h[ wise1 or le>n$ soev] he be t wor%ippe? 9 t mann]1 ano!r man _c f !nce argue1 t he approve? x2 b t he do? x = fe>2 & t x is n 8 act1 b ! act ( 8 sov]eign4 ,to wor%ip ,god1 9 "s peculi> place1 or turn+ a man's face t[>ds an image1 or det]m9ate place1 is n to wor%ip1 or hon\r ! place1 or image2 b to ackn[l$ge x holy1 t is to say1 to ackn[l$ge ! image1 or ! place to be set ap>t f common use4 ,= t is ! mean+ ( ! ^w holy2 :i* implies no new quality 9 ! place or image1 b only a new relation by appropriation to ,god2 & !re=e is n idolatry2 no m ?an x 0 idolatry to wor%ip ,god be=e ! braz5 s]p5t2 or = ! ,jews1 :5 !y 7 out ( _! own c\ntry1 to turn _! faces1 :5 !y pray$1 t[>ds ! temple ( ,j]usalem2 or = ,moses to put (f 8 %oes :5 he 0 be=e ! flam+ bu%1 ! gr\nd app]ta9+ to ,m\nt ,s9ai1 :i* place ,god _h *os5 to appe> 91 & to give 8 laws to ! p ( ,israel1 & 0 !re=e holy gr\nd1 n by inh]5t sanctity1 b by sep>ation to ,god's use2 or = ,*ri/ians to wor%ip 9 ! *ur*es1 :i* are once solemnly d$icat$ to ,god = t purpose1 by ! au?ority ( ! k+1 or o!r true repres5tant ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b to wor%ip ,god1 z inanimat+1 or inhabit+ su* image1 or place2 t is to say1 9 inf9ite sub/ance 9 a f9ite place1 is idolatry3 = su* f9ite gods1 are b idols ( ! bra91 no?+ real2 & are commonly call$ 9 ! ,scripture by ! names ( vanity1 & lies1 & no?+4 ,also to wor%ip ,god1 n z inanimat+1 or pres5t 9 ! place1 or image2 b to ! end to be put 9 m9d ( him1 or ( "s works ( 81 9 case ! place1 or image be d$icat$1 or set up by private au?ority1 & n by ! au?ority ( !m t are our sov]eign pa/ors1 is idolatry4 ,= ! comm&m5t is1 ?\ %alt n make to ?yself any grav5 image4 ,god comm&$ ,moses to set up ! braz5 s]p5t2 he did n make x to himself2 x 0 n !re=e aga9/ ! comm&m5t4 ,b ! mak+ ( ! gold5 calf by ,a>on1 & ! p1 z be+ done )\t au?ority f ,god1 0 idolatry2 n only because !y held x = ,god1 b also because !y made x = a religi\s use1 )\t w>rant ei!r f ,god _! sov]eign1 or f ,moses1 t 0 8 lieut5ant4 ,! ,g5tiles wor%ipp$ = gods1 ,jupit] & o!rs2 t liv+1 7 m5 p]haps t _h done great & glori\s acts3 & = ! *ildr5 ( ,god1 div]s m5 & wom51 suppos+ !m gott5 betwe5 an immortal deity1 & a mortal man4 ,?is 0 idolatry1 because !y made !m s to !mselves1 hav+ no au?ority f ,god1 nei!r 9 8 et]nal law ( reason1 nor 9 8 positive & reveal$ w4 ,b ?\gh our ,savi\r 0 a man1 :om we also believe to be ,god immortal1 & ! ,son ( ,god1 yet ?is is no idolatry2 because we build n t belief ^u our own fancy1 or judgm5t1 b ^u ! ,^w ( ,god reveal$ 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,& = ! adoration ( ! ,eu*>i/1 if ! words ( ,*ri/1 ?is is my body1 signify1 t he himself1 & ! seem+ bread 9 8 h&1 & n only s1 b t all ! seem+ morsels ( bread t h ev] s9ce be51 & any "t h]eaft] %all be consecrat$ by prie/s1 be s _m ,*ri/'s bodies1 & yet all ( !m b "o body2 !n is t no idolatry1 because x is au?oriz$ by our ,savi\r3 b if t text d n signify t1 7= !re is no o!r t c be alleg$ = x7 !n1 because x is a wor%ip ( human in/itution1 x is idolatry4 ,= x is n en\gh to say1 ,god c transub/antiate ! bread into ,*ri/'s body3 = ! ,g5tiles also held ,god to be omnipot5t1 & might ^u t gr\nd no less excuse _! idolatry1 by pret5d+1 z well z o!rs1 a transub/antiation ( _! wood1 & /one into ,god ,almighty4 ,:]eas !re be1 t pret5d div9e inspiration to be ! sup]natural ent]+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ into a man1 & n an acquisition ( ,god's graces1 by doctr9e1 & /udy2 ,i ?9k !y are 9 a v dang]\s dilemma4 ,= if !y wor%ip n ! man :om !y believe to be s inspir$1 !y fall into impiety2 z n ador+ ,god's sup]natural pres5ce4 ,& aga91 if !y wor%ip him1 !y commit idolatry2 = ! apo/les w\ld nev] p]mit !mselves to be s wor%ipp$4 ,!re=e ! safe/ way is to believe1 t by ! desc5d+ ( ! dove ^u ! apo/les2 & by ,*ri/'s brea?+ on !m1 :5 he gave !m ! ,holy ,gho/2 & by ! giv+ ( x by imposition ( h&s1 are und]/ood ! signs :i* ,god has be5 pleas$ to use1 or orda9 to be us$1 ( 8 promise to assi/ ^? p]sons 9 _! /udy to prea* 8 k+dom1 & 9 _! conv]sation1 t x might n be sc&al\s1 b edify+ to o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,sc&al\s wor%ip ( images4 ,besides ! idolatr\s wor%ip ( images1 !re is also a sc&al\s wor%ip ( !m2 :i* is also a s91 b n idolatry4 ,= idolatry is to wor%ip by signs ( an int]nal1 & real hon\r3 b sc&al\s wor%ip1 is b seem+ wor%ip1 & may sometimes be jo9$ ) an inw>d1 & he>ty dete/ation1 bo? ( ! image1 & ( ! phanta/ical demon1 or idol1 to :i* x is d$icat$2 & proce$ only f ! fe> ( dea?1 or o!r griev\s puni%m5t2 & is nev]!less a s9 9 !m t s wor%ip1 9 case !y be m5 ^: actions are look$ at by o!rs1 z lights to guide !m by2 because foll[+ _! ways1 !y _c b /umble1 & fall 9 ! way ( religion3 :]eas ! example ( ^? we reg>d n1 works n on u at all1 b leaves u to our own dilig5ce & caution2 & consequ5tly are no causes ( our fall+4 ,if !re=e a pa/or lawfully call$ to tea* & direct o!rs1 or any o!r1 ( ^: k !re is a great op9ion1 d ext]nal hon\r to an idol = fe>2 unless he make 8 fe> & unwill+ness to x1 z evid5t z ! wor%ip2 he sc&alize? 8 bro!r1 by seem+ to approve idolatry4 ,= 8 bro!r argu+ f ! action ( 8 tea*]1 or ( him ^: k he e/eeme? great1 concludes x to be lawful 9 itself4 ,& ?is sc&al is s91 & a sc&al giv54 ,b if "o be+ no pa/or1 nor ( em95t reputation = k 9 ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 d ! same1 & ano!r foll[ him2 ?is is no sc&al giv52 = he _h no cause to foll[ su* example3 b is a pret5ce ( sc&al1 :i* he take? ( himself = an excuse be=e m54 ,= an unle>n$ man1 t is 9 ! p[] ( an idolatr\s k+1 or /ate1 if comm&$ on pa9 ( dea? to wor%ip be=e an idol1 he dete/e? ! idol 9 8 he>t1 he do? well2 ?\gh if he _h ! =titude to suff] dea?1 r ?an wor%ip x1 he %\ld d bett]4 ,b if a pa/or1 :o z ,*ri/'s mess5g]1 has und]tak5 to tea* ,*ri/'s doctr9e to all nations1 %\ld d ! same1 x 7 n only a s9ful sc&al1 9 respect ( o!r ,*ri/ian m5's consci5ces1 b a p]fidi\s =sak+ ( 8 *>ge4 ,! sum ( t :i* ,i h said hi!rto1 conc]n+ ! wor%ip ( images1 is ?is1 t he t wor%ippe? 9 an image1 or any creature1 ei!r ! matt] !re(1 or any fancy ( 8 own1 :i* he ?9ke? to dwell 9 x2 or bo? toge!r2 or believe? t su* ?+s he> 8 pray]s1 or see 8 devotions1 )\t e>s or eyes1 committe? idolatry3 & he t c\nt]feite? su* wor%ip = fe> ( puni%m5t1 if he be a man ^: example ha? p[] among/ 8 bre?r51 committe? a s94 ,b he t wor%ippe? ! ,creator ( ! _w be=e su* an image1 or 9 su* a place z he ha? n made1 or *os5 ( himself1 b tak5 f ! comm&m5t ( ,god's ^w1 z ! ,jews did 9 wor%ipp+ ,god be=e ! *]ubims1 & be=e ! braz5 s]p5t = a "t1 & 91 or t[>ds ! ,temple ( ,j]usalem1 :i* 0 also b = a "t1 committe? n idolatry4 ,n[ = ! wor%ip ( sa9ts1 & images1 & relics1 & o!r ?+s at ?is day practis$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 ,i say !y are n all[$ by ! ,^w ( ,god1 nor br\ght into ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 f ! doctr9e !re taught2 b p>tly left 9 x at ! fir/ conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles2 & aft]w>ds c\nt5anc$1 & confirm$1 & augm5t$ by ! bi%ops ( ,rome4 ,sid5ote3 ,answ] to ! argum5t f ! *]ubims1 & braz5 s]p5t4 ,z = ! pro(s alleg$ out ( ,scripture1 namely1 ^? examples ( images appo9t$ by ,god to be set up2 !y 7 n set up = ! p1 or any man to wor%ip1 b t !y %\ld wor%ip ,god himself be=e !m2 z be=e ! *]ubims ov] ! ark1 & ! braz5 s]p5t4 ,= we read n1 t ! prie/1 or any o!r did wor%ip ! *]ubims2 b contr>ily we read 7#b ,k+s xviii4 #d7 t ,hezekiah brake 9 pieces ! braz5 s]p5t :i* ,moses _h set up1 because ! p burnt inc5se to x4 ,besides1 ^? examples are n put = our imitation1 t we also %\ld set up images1 "u pret5ce ( wor%ipp+ ,god be=e !m2 because ! words ( ! second comm&m5t1 ?\ %alt n make to ?yself any grav5 image1 c4 di/+ui% betwe5 ! images t ,god comm&$ to be set up1 & ^? :i* we set up to ourselves4 ,& !re=e f ! *]ubims or braz5 s]p5t1 to ! images ( man's devis+2 & f ! wor%ip comm&$ by ,god1 to ! w-wor%ip ( m51 ! argum5t is n good4 ,?is also is to be consid]$1 t z ,hezekiah brake 9 pieces ! braz5 s]p5t1 because ! ,jews did wor%ip x1 to ! end !y %\ld d s no m2 s also ,*ri/ian sov]eigns ought to break d[n ! images :i* _! subjects h be5 accu/om$ to wor%ip1 t !re be no m occasion ( su* idolatry4 ,= at ?is day1 ! ignorant p1 :]e images are wor%ipp$1 d really believe !re is a div9e p[] 9 ! images2 & are told by _! pa/ors1 t "s ( !m h spok52 & h bl$2 & t miracles h be5 done by !m2 :i* !y appreh5d z done by ! sa9t1 :i* !y ?9k ei!r is ! image itself1 or 9 x4 ,! ,israelites1 :5 !y wor%ipp$ ! calf1 did ?9k !y wor%ipp$ ! ,god t br\ght !m out ( ,egypt2 & yet x 0 idolatry1 because !y ?\ght ! calf ei!r 0 t ,god1 or _h him 9 8 belly4 ,& ?\gh "s man may ?9k x impossible = p to be s /upid1 z to ?9k ! image to be ,god1 or a sa9t2 or to wor%ip x 9 t notion2 yet x is manife/ 9 ,scripture to ! contr>y2 :]e :5 ! gold5 calf 0 made1 ! p said1 7,exod4 xxxii4 #d7 ,^! are ?y gods1 ,o ,israel2 & :]e ! images ( ,laban 7,g54 xxxi4 #cj7 are call$ 8 gods4 ,& we see daily by exp]i5ce 9 all sorts ( p1 t su* m5 z /udy no?+ b _! food & ease1 are cont5t to believe any absurdity1 r ?an to tr\ble !mselves to exam9e x2 hold+ _! fai? z x 7 by entail unali5able1 except by an express & new law4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ ( fancies no idolatry2 b abus+ !m to religi\s wor%ip is4 ,b !y inf] f "s o!r places1 t x is lawful to pa9t angels1 & also ,god himself3 z f ,god's walk+ 9 ! g>d52 f ,jacob's see+ ,god at ! top ( ! ladd]2 & f o!r visions1 & dreams4 ,b visions1 & dreams1 :e!r natural1 or sup]natural1 are b phantasms3 & he t pa9te? an image ( any ( !m1 make? n an image ( ,god1 b ( 8 own phantasm1 :i* is mak+ ( an idol4 ,i say n1 t to draw a picture aft] a fancy1 is a s92 b :5 x is drawn1 to hold x = a repres5tation ( ,god1 is aga9/ ! second comm&m5t2 & c be ( no use1 b to wor%ip4 ,& ! same may be said ( ! images ( angels1 & ( m5 dead2 unless z monum5ts ( fri5ds1 or ( m5 wor?y remembrance4 ,= su* use ( an image1 is n wor%ip ( ! image2 b a civil hon\r+ ( ! p]son1 n t is1 b t 04 ,b :5 x is done to ! image :i* we make ( a sa9t1 = no o!r reason1 b t we ?9k he he>e? our pray]s1 & is pleas$ ) ! hon\r we d him1 :5 dead1 & )\t s5se1 we attribute to him m ?an human p[]2 & !re=e x is idolatry4 ,see+ !re=e !re is no au?ority1 nei!r 9 ! law ( ,moses1 nor 9 ! ,gospel1 = ! religi\s wor%ip ( images1 or o!r repres5tations ( ,god1 :i* m5 set up to !mselves2 or = ! wor%ip ( ! image ( any creature 9 heav5 or e>?1 or "u ! e>?3 & :]eas ,*ri/ian k+s1 :o are liv+ repres5tants ( ,god1 are n to be wor%ipp$ by _! subjects1 by any act t signifie? a great] e/eem ( 8 p[]1 ?an ! nature ( mortal man is capable (2 x _c be imag9$1 t ! religi\s wor%ip n[ 9 use1 0 br\ght into ! ,*ur* by misund]/&+ ( ! ,scripture4 ,x re/e? !re=e1 t x 0 left 9 x1 by n de/roy+ ! images !mselves1 9 ! conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles t wor%ipp$ !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ idolatry 0 left 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,! cause :]e(1 0 ! immod]ate e/eem1 & prices set ^u ! workman%ip ( !m1 :i* made ! own]s1 ?\gh conv]t$ f wor%ipp+ !m z !y _h done religi\sly = demons1 to reta9 !m /ill 9 _! h\ses1 ^u pret5ce ( do+ x 9 ! hon\r ( ,*ri/1 ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & ( ! ,apo/les1 & o!r ! pa/ors ( ! primitive ,*ur*2 z be+ easy1 by giv+ !m new names1 to make t an image ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & ( h] son our ,savi\r1 :i* be=e p]haps 0 call$ ! image ( ,v5us1 & ,cupid2 & s ( a ,jupit] to make a ,b>nabas1 & ( ,m]cury a ,paul1 & ! l4 ,& z worldly ambition creep+ by degrees into ! pa/ors1 drew !m to an endeav\r ( pleas+ ! new-made ,*ri/ians2 & also to a lik+ ( ?is k9d ( hon\r1 :i* !y also might hope = aft] _! decease1 z well z ^? t _h already ga9$ x3 s ! wor%ipp+ ( ! images ( ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les1 grew m & m idolatr\s2 save t some:at aft] ! "t ( ,con/ant9e1 div]s emp]ors1 & bi%ops1 & g5]al c\ncils1 obs]v$ & oppos$ ! unlawfulness !re(2 b too late1 or too weakly4 ,sid5ote3 ,canoniz+ ( sa9ts4 ,! canoniz+ ( sa9ts1 is ano!r relic ( ,g5tilism3 x is nei!r a misund]/&+ ( ,scripture1 nor a new inv5tion ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 b a cu/om z anci5t z ! commonweal? ( ,rome itself4 ,! fir/ t ev] 0 canoniz$ at ,rome1 0 ,romulus1 & t ^u ! n>ration ( ,julius ,proculus1 t swore be=e ! s5ate1 he spake ) him aft] 8 dea?1 & 0 assur$ by him1 he dwelt 9 heav51 & 0 !re call$ ,quir9us1 & w\ld be propiti\s to ! /ate ( _! new city3 & !reupon ! s5ate gave public te/imony ( 8 sanctity4 ,julius ,cs>1 & o!r emp]ors aft] him1 _h ! l te/imony2 t is1 7 canoniz$ = sa9ts2 = by su* te/imony is ,,canonization n[ def9$2 & is ! same ) ! ( ! hea!n4 ,sid5ote3 ,! "n ( ,pontifex4 ,x is also f ! ,roman ,hea!n1 t ! ,popes h receiv$ ! "n1 & p[] ( ,,pontifex ,,maximus4 ,?is 0 ! "n ( him t 9 ! anci5t commonweal? ( ,rome1 _h ! supreme au?ority "u ! s5ate & p1 ( regulat+ all c]emonies & doctr9es conc]n+ _! religion3 & :5 ,augu/us ,cs> *ang$ ! /ate into a mon>*y1 he took to himself no m b ?is (fice1 & t ( tribune ( ! p1 t is to say1 ! supreme p[] bo? 9 /ate1 & religion2 & ! succe$+ emp]ors enjoy$ ! same4 ,b :5 ! emp]or ,con/ant9e liv$1 :o 0 ! fir/ t pr(ess$ & au?oriz$ ,*ri/ian religion1 x 0 consonant to 8 pr(ession1 to cause religion to be regulat$1 "u 8 au?ority1 by ! ,bi%op ( ,rome3 ?\gh x d n appe> !y _h s soon ! "n ( ,pontifex2 b r1 t ! succe$+ bi%ops took x ( !mselves1 to c\nt5ance ! p[] !y ex]cis$ ov] ! bi%ops ( ! ,roman prov9ces4 ,= x is n any privilege ( ,/4 ,pet]1 b ! privilege ( ! city ( ,rome1 :i* ! emp]ors 7 always will+ to uphold1 t gave !m su* au?ority ov] o!r bi%ops2 z may be evid5tly se5 by t1 t ! bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 :5 ! emp]or made t city ! seat ( ! empire1 pret5d$ to be equal to ! bi%op ( ,rome2 ?\gh at la/1 n )\t cont5tion1 ! ,pope c>ri$ x1 & became ! ,pontifex ,maximus2 b 9 "r only ( ! emp]or2 & n )\t ! b\nds ( ! empire2 nor any :]e1 aft] ! emp]or _h lo/ 8 p[] 9 ,rome2 ?\gh x 7 ! ,pope himself t took 8 p[] f him4 ,f :5ce we may by ! way obs]ve1 t !re is no place = ! sup]iority ( ! ,pope ov] o!r bi%ops1 except 9 ! t]ritories :]e( he is himself ! civil sov]eign1 & :]e ! emp]or hav+ sov]eign p[] civil1 ha? expressly *os5 ! ,pope = ! *ief pa/or "u himself1 ( 8 ,*ri/ian subjects4 ,sid5ote3 ,procession ( images4 ,! c>ry+ ab\t ( images 9 procession1 is ano!r relic ( ! religion ( ! ,greeks1 & ,romans4 ,= !y also c>ri$ _! idols f place to place1 9 a k9d ( *>iot1 :i* 0 peculi>ly d$icat$ to t use1 :i* ! ,lat9s call$ !nsa1 & vehiculum ,deorum2 & ! image 0 plac$ 9 a frame1 or %r9e1 :i* !y call$ f]culum3 & t :i* !y call$ pompa1 is ! same t n[ is nam$ procession4 ,accord+ :]eunto1 among/ ! div9e hon\rs :i* 7 giv5 to ,julius ,cs> by ! s5ate1 ?is 0 "o1 t 9 ! pomp1 or procession1 at ! ,circan games1 he %\ld h !nsam et f]culum1 a sacr$ *>iot & a %r9e2 :i* 0 z mu*1 z to be c>ri$ up & d[n z a god3 j z at ?is day ! ,popes are c>ri$ by ,switz]s "u a canopy4 ,sid5ote3 ,wax c&les1 & tor*es light$4 ,to ^! processions also belong$ ! be>+ ( burn+ tor*es1 & c&les1 be=e ! images ( ! gods1 bo? among/ ! ,greeks1 & ,romans4 ,= aft]w>ds ! emp]ors ( ,rome receiv$ ! same hon\r2 z we read ( ,caligula1 t at 8 reception to ! empire1 he 0 c>ri$ f ,mis5um to ,rome1 9 ! mid/ ( a ?rong ( p1 ! ways beset ) alt>s1 & bea/s = sacrifice1 & burn+ tor*es3 & ( ,c>acalla1 t 0 receiv$ into ,alex&ria ) inc5se1 & ) ca/+ ( fl[]s1 & 1 t is1 ) tor*es2 = 7 !y t among/ ! ,greeks c>ri$ tor*es light$ 9 ! processions ( _! gods4 ,& 9 process ( "t1 ! dev\t1 b ignorant p1 did _m times hon\r _! bi%ops ) ! l pomp ( wax c&les1 & ! images ( our ,savi\r1 & ! sa9ts1 con/antly1 9 ! *ur* itself4 ,& ?us came 9 ! use ( wax c&les2 & 0 also e/abli%$ by "s ( ! anci5t ,c\ncils4 ,! hea!ns _h also _! aqua lu/ralis1 t is to say1 holy wat]4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome imitates !m also 9 _! holy days4 ,!y _h _! bac*analia2 & we h our wakes1 answ]+ to !m3 !y _! saturnalia1 & we our c>nivals1 & ,%rove-,tuesday's lib]ty ( s]vants3 !y _! procession ( ,priapus2 we our fet*+ 91 erection1 & danc+ ab\t ,may-poles2 & danc+ is "o k9d ( wor%ip3 !y _h _! procession call$ ,amb>valia2 & we our procession ab\t ! fields 9 ! ,rogation-week4 ,nor d ,i ?9k t ^! are all ! c]emonies t h be5 left 9 ! ,*ur*1 f ! fir/ conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles2 b !y are all t ,i c = ! pres5t call to m9d2 & if a man w\ld well obs]ve t :i* is deliv]$ 9 ! hi/ories1 conc]n+ ! religi\s rites ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 ,i d\bt n b he might f9d _m m ( ^! old empty bottles ( ,g5tilism1 :i* ! doctors ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 ei!r by neglig5ce or ambition1 h fill$ up aga9 ) ! new w9e ( ,*ri/ianity1 t w n fail 9 "t to break !m4 ------- ,,*ap4 ,,xlvi4 ,,( ,,d>kness ,,f ,,va9 ,,philosophy1 ,,& ,,fabul\s ,,traditions4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at philosophy is4 ,by ,,philosophy is und]/ood ! k acquir$ by reason+1 f ! mann] ( ! g5]ation ( any ?+1 to ! prop]ties3 or f ! prop]ties1 to "s possible way ( g5]ation ( ! same2 to ! end to be able to produce1 z f> z matt]1 & human =ce p]mit1 su* effects1 z human life require?4 ,s ! geometrician1 f ! con/ruction ( figures1 f9de? out _m prop]ties !re(2 & f ! prop]ties1 new ways ( _! con/ruction1 by reason+2 to ! end to be able to measure l&1 & wat]2 & = inf9ite o!r uses4 ,s ! a/ronom]1 f ! ris+1 sett+1 & mov+ ( ! sun1 & />s1 9 div]s p>ts ( ! heav5s1 f9de? out ! causes ( day1 & night1 & ( ! diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>2 :]eby he keepe? an acc\nt ( "t2 & ! l ( o!r sci5ces4 ,sid5ote3 ,prud5ce no "p ( philosophy4 ,by :i* def9ition x is evid5t1 t we are n to acc\nt z any "p !re(1 t orig9al k call$ exp]i5ce1 9 :i* consi/e? prud5ce2 because x is n atta9$ by reason+1 b f\nd z well 9 brute bea/s1 z 9 man2 & is b a memory ( successions ( ev5ts 9 times pa/1 :]e9 ! omission ( e little circum/ance alt]+ ! effect1 fru/rate? ! expectation ( ! mo/ prud5t3 :]eas no?+ is produc$ by reason+ aright1 b g5]al1 et]nal1 & immutable tru?4 ,sid5ote3 ,no false doctr9e is "p ( philosophy4 ,nor are we !re=e to give t "n to any false conclusions3 = he t reasone? aright 9 words he und]/&e?1 c nev] conclude an error3 ,sid5ote3 ,no m is revelation sup]natural4 ,nor to t :i* any man kn[s by sup]natural revelation2 because x is n acquir$ by reason+3 ,sid5ote3 ,nor le>n+ tak5 ^u cr$it ( au?ors4 ,nor t :i* is gott5 by reason+ f ! au?ority ( books2 because x is n by reason+ f ! cause to ! effect1 nor f ! effect to ! cause2 & is n k b fai?4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! beg9n+s & progress ( philosophy4 ,! faculty ( reason+ be+ consequ5t to ! use ( spee*1 x 0 n possible1 b t !re %\ld h be5 "s g5]al tru?s f\nd out by reason+1 z anci5t almo/ z language itself4 ,! savages ( ,am]ica1 are n )\t "s good moral s5t5ces2 also !y h a little ari?metic1 to add1 & divide 9 numb]s n too great3 b !y are n1 !re=e1 philosoph]s4 ,= z !re 7 plants ( corn & w9e 9 small quantity disp]s$ 9 ! fields & woods1 be=e m5 knew _! virtue1 or made use ( !m = _! n\ri%m5t1 or plant$ !m ap>t 9 fields & v9ey>ds2 9 :i* "t !y f$ on acorns1 & drank wat]3 s also !re h be5 div]s true1 g5]al1 & pr(itable speculations f ! beg9n+2 z be+ ! natural plants ( human reason4 ,b !y 7 at fir/ b few 9 numb]2 m5 liv$ ^u gross exp]i5ce2 !re 0 no me?od2 t is to say1 no s[+1 nor plant+ ( k by itself1 ap>t f ! we$s1 & common plants ( error & conjecture4 ,& ! cause ( x be+ ! want ( leisure f procur+ ! necessities ( life1 & def5d+ !mselves aga9/ _! neighb\rs1 x 0 impossible1 till ! erect+ ( great commonweal?s1 x %\ld be o!rwise4 ,leisure is ! "m ( philosophy2 & ,commonweal?1 ! "m ( peace & leisure4 ,:]e fir/ 7 great & fl\ri%+ cities1 !re 0 fir/ ! /udy ( philosophy4 ,! ,gymnosophi/s ( ,india1 ! ,magi ( ,p]sia1 & ! ,prie/s ( ,*aldea & ,egypt1 are c\nt$ ! mo/ anci5t philosoph]s2 & ^? c\ntries 7 ! mo/ anci5t ( k+doms4 ,philosophy 0 n ris5 to ! ,grecians1 & o!r p ( ! we/1 ^: commonweal?s1 no great] p]haps ?an ,lucca or ,g5eva1 _h nev] peace1 b :5 _! fe>s ( "o ano!r 7 equal2 nor ! leisure to obs]ve any?+ b "o ano!r4 ,at l5g?1 :5 w> _h unit$ _m ( ^! ,grecian less] cities1 into few]1 & great]2 !n began sev5 m51 ( sev]al p>ts ( ,greece1 to get ! reputation ( be+ wise2 "s ( !m = moral & politic s5t5ces2 & o!rs = ! le>n+ ( ! ,*aldeans & ,egyptians1 :i* 0 a/ronomy1 & geometry4 ,b we he> n yet ( any s*ools ( philosophy4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! s*ools ( philosophy among/ ! ,a!nians4 ,aft] ! ,a!nians1 by ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,p]sian armies1 _h gott5 ! dom9ion ( ! sea2 & !reby1 ( all ! isl&s1 & m>itime cities ( ! ,ar*ipelago1 z well ( ,asia z ,europe2 & 7 gr[n weal?y2 !y t _h no employm5t1 nei!r at home nor abroad1 _h little else to employ !mselves 91 b ei!r 7z ,/4 ,luke says1 ,acts xvii4 #ba71 9 tell+ & he>+ news1 or 9 disc\rs+ ( philosophy publicly to ! y\? ( ! city4 ,e ma/] took "s place = t purpose4 ,plato1 9 c]ta9 public walks call$ ,academia1 f "o ,academus3 ,ari/otle 9 ! walk ( ! temple ( ,pan1 call$ ,lyceum3 o!rs 9 ! ,/oa1 or cov]$ walk1 :]e9 ! m]*ants' goods 7 br\ght to l&3 o!rs 9 o!r places2 :]e !y sp5t ! "t ( _! leisure1 9 tea*+ or 9 disput+ ( _! op9ions3 & "s 9 any place1 :]e !y c\ld get ! y\? ( ! city toge!r to he> !m talk4 ,& ?is 0 x :i* ,c>neades also did at ,rome1 :5 he 0 ambassador3 :i* caus$ ,cato to advise ! s5ate to dispat* him quickly1 = fe> ( corrupt+ ! mann]s ( ! "y m51 t delight$ to he> him speak1 z !y ?\ght1 f9e ?+s4 ,f ?is x 01 t ! place :]e any ( !m taught1 & disput$1 0 call$ s*ola1 :i* 9 _! tongue signifie? leisure2 & _! disputations1 diatrib1 t is to say1 pass+ ( ! "t4 ,also ! philosoph]s !mselves _h ! "n ( _! sects1 "s ( !m f ^! _! ,s*ools3 = !y t foll[$ ,plato's doctr9e1 7 call$ ,academics2 ! foll[]s ( ,ari/otle ,p]ipatetics1 f ! walk he taught 92 & ^? t ,z5o taught ,/oics1 f ! ,/oa2 z if we %\ld d5om9ate m5 f ,moor-fields1 f ,paul's ,*ur*1 & f ! ,ex*ange1 because !y meet !re (t51 to prate & loit]4 ,nev]!less1 m5 7 s mu* tak5 ) ?is cu/om1 t 9 "t x spread itself ov] all ,europe1 & ! be/ "p ( ,afric2 s z !re 7 s*ools publicly erect$ & ma9ta9$1 = lectures & disputations1 almo/ 9 e commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! s*ools ( ! ,jews4 ,!re 7 also s*ools1 anci5tly1 bo? be=e & aft] ! "t ( our ,savi\r1 among/ ! ,jews2 b !y 7 s*ools ( _! law4 ,= ?\gh !y 7 call$ synagogues1 t is to say1 congregations ( ! p2 yet1 inasmu* z ! law 0 e sabba?-day read1 exp\nd$1 & disput$ 9 !m1 !y diff]$ n 9 nature1 b 9 "n only1 f public s*ools2 & 7 n only 9 ,j]usalem1 b 9 e city ( ! ,g5tiles1 :]e ! ,jews inhabit$4 ,!re 0 su* a s*ool at ,damascus1 :]e9to ,paul ent]$1 to p]secute4 ,!re 7 o!rs at ,antio*1 ,iconium1 & ,!ssalonica1 :]e9to he ent]$ to dispute3 & su* 0 ! synagogue ( ! ,lib]t9es1 ,cyr5ians1 ,alex&rians1 ,cilicians1 & ^? ( ,asia2 t is to say1 ! s*ool ( ,lib]t9es1 & ( ,jews t 7 /rang]s 9 ,j]usalem2 & ( ?is s*ool !y 7 t disput$ 7,acts vi4 #i7 ) ,/4 ,/eph54 ,sid5ote3 ,! s*ools ( ! ,grecians unpr(itable4 ,b :at has be5 ! utility ( ^? s*ools8 ,:at sci5ce is !re at ?is day acquir$ by _! read+s & disput+s8 ,t we h ( geometry1 :i* is ! "m ( all natural sci5ce1 we are n indebt$ = x to ! s*ools4 ,plato1 t 0 ! be/ philosoph] ( ! ,greeks1 =bad entrance into 8 s*ool to all t 7 n already 9 "s measure geometricians4 ,!re 7 _m t /udi$ t sci5ce to ! great advantage ( mank9d3 b !re is no m5tion ( _! s*ools2 nor 0 !re any sect ( geometricians2 nor did !y !n pass "u ! "n ( philosoph]s4 ,! natural philosophy ( ^? s*ools 0 r a dream ?an sci5ce1 & set =? 9 s5seless & insignificant language2 :i* _c be avoid$ by ^? t w tea* philosophy1 )\t hav+ fir/ atta9$ great k 9 geometry4 ,= nature worke? by motion2 ! ways & degrees :]e( _c be kn[n1 )\t ! k ( ! proportions & prop]ties ( l9es & figures4 ,_! moral philosophy is b a description ( _! own passions4 ,= ! rule ( mann]s1 )\t civil gov]nm5t1 is ! law ( nature2 & 9 x1 ! law civil1 t det]m9e? :at is hone/ & di%one/1 :at is j & unju/1 & g5]ally :at is good & evil4 ,:]eas !y make ! rules ( good & bad1 by _! own lik+ & dislik+3 by :i* means1 9 s great div]sity ( ta/e1 !re is no?+ g5]ally agre$ on2 b e "o do?1 z f> z he d>es1 :atsoev] seeme? good 9 8 own eyes1 to ! subv]sion ( commonweal?4 ,_! logic1 :i* %\ld be ! me?od ( reason+1 is no?+ else b captions ( words1 & inv5tions h[ to puzzle su* z %\ld g ab\t to pose !m4 ,to conclude1 !re is no?+ s absurd1 t ! old philosoph]s1 z ,cic]o sai?1 7:o 0 "o ( !m17 h n "s ( !m ma9ta9$4 ,& ,i believe t sc>ce any?+ c be m absurdly said 9 natural philosophy1 ?an t :i* n[ is call$ ,ari/otle's ,metaphysics2 nor m repugnant to gov]nm5t1 ?an mu* ( t he ha? said 9 8 ,politics2 nor m ignorantly1 ?an a great "p ( 8 ,e?ics4 ,sid5ote3 ,! s*ools ( ! ,jews unpr(itable4 ,! s*ool ( ! ,jews 0 orig9ally a s*ool ( ! law ( ,moses2 :o comm&$ 7,deut4 xxxi4 #aj7 t at ! end ( e sev5? ye>1 at ! ,fea/ ( ! ,tab]nacles1 x %\ld be read to all ! p1 t !y might he> & le>n x4 ,!re=e ! read+ ( ! law1 :i* 0 9 use aft] ! captivity1 e ,sabba? day1 ought to h _h no o!r end1 b ! acqua9t+ ( ! p ) ! ,comm&m5ts :i* !y 7 to obey1 & to exp\nd unto !m ! writ+s ( ! prophets4 ,b x is manife/1 by ! _m repreh5sions ( !m by our ,savi\r1 t !y corrupt$ ! text ( ! law ) _! false comm5t>ies1 & va9 traditions2 & s little und]/ood ! prophets1 t !y did nei!r ackn[l$ge ,*ri/1 nor ! works he did1 ( :i* ! prophets prophesi$4 ,s t by _! lectures & disputations 9 _! synagogues1 !y turn$ ! doctr9e ( _! law into a fanta/ical k9d ( philosophy1 conc]n+ ! incompreh5sible nature ( ,god1 & ( spirits2 :i* !y comp\nd$ ( ! va9 philosophy & !ology ( ! ,grecians1 m+l$ ) _! own fancies1 drawn f ! obscur] places ( ! ,scripture1 & :i* might mo/ easily be wre/$ to _! purpose2 & f ! fabul\s traditions ( _! ance/ors4 ,sid5ote3 ,univ]sity1 :at x is4 ,t :i* is n[ call$ an ,univ]sity1 is a jo9+ toge!r1 & an incorporation "u "o gov]nm5t1 ( _m public s*ools1 9 "o & ! same t[n or city4 ,9 :i*1 ! pr9cipal s*ools 7 orda9$ = ! ?ree pr(essions1 t is to say1 ( ! ,roman religion1 ( ! ,roman law1 & ( ! art ( m$ic9e4 ,& = ! /udy ( philosophy1 x ha? no o!rwise place1 ?an z a h&-maid to ! ,roman religion3 & s9ce ! au?ority ( ,ari/otle is only curr5t !re1 t /udy is n prop]ly philosophy1 7! nature :]e( dep5de? n on au?ors17 b ,ari/otelity4 ,& = geometry1 till ( v late times x _h no place at all2 z be+ subs]vi5t to no?+ b rigid tru?4 ,& if any man by ! +5uity ( 8 own nature1 _h atta9$ to any degree ( p]fection !re91 he 0 commonly ?\ght a magician1 & 8 art diabolical4 ,sid5ote3 ,errors br\ght into religion f ,ari/otle's metaphysics4 ,n[ to desc5d to ! p>ticul> t5ets ( va9 philosophy1 d]iv$ to ! ,univ]sities1 & !nce into ! ,*ur*1 p>tly f ,ari/otle1 p>tly f bl9dness ( und]/&+2 ,i %all fir/ consid] _! pr9ciples4 ,!re is a c]ta9 philosophia prima1 on :i* all o!r philosophy ought to dep5d2 & consi/e? pr9cipally1 9 "r limit+ ( ! significations ( su* appellations1 or names1 z are ( all o!rs ! mo/ univ]sal2 :i* limitations s]ve to avoid ambiguity & equivocation 9 reason+2 & are commonly call$ def9itions2 su* z are ! def9itions ( body1 "t1 place1 matt]1 =m1 ess5ce1 subject1 sub/ance1 accid5t1 p[]1 act1 f9ite1 inf9ite1 quantity1 quality1 motion1 action1 passion1 & div]s o!rs1 necess>y to ! expla9+ ( a man's conceptions conc]n+ ! nature & g5]ation ( bodies4 ,! explication1 t is1 ! settl+ ( ! mean+1 ( :i*1 & ! l t]ms1 is commonly 9 ! ,s*ools call$ metaphysics2 z be+ a "p ( ! philosophy ( ,ari/otle1 :i* ha? t = title4 ,b x is 9 ano!r s5se2 = !re x signifie? z mu* z books writt5 or plac$ aft] 8 natural philosophy3 b ! s*ools take !m = books ( sup]natural philosophy3 = ! ^w metaphysics w be> bo? ^! s5ses4 ,& inde$ t :i* is !re writt51 is = ! mo/ "p s f> f ! possibility ( be+ und]/ood1 & s repugnant to natural reason1 t :osoev] ?9ke? !re is any ?+ to be und]/ood by x1 mu/ ne$s ?9k x sup]natural4 ,sid5ote3 ,errors conc]n+ ab/ract ess5ces4 ,f ^! metaphysics1 :i* are m+l$ ) ! ,scripture to make s*ool div9ity1 we are told1 !re be 9 ! _w c]ta9 ess5ces sep>at$ f bodies1 :i* !y call ab/ract ess5ces1 & sub/antial =ms4 ,= ! int]pret+ ( :i* j>gon1 !re is ne$ ( some:at m ?an ord9>y att5tion 9 ?is place4 ,also ,i ask p>don ( ^? t are n us$ to ?is k9d ( disc\rse1 = apply+ myself to ^? t are4 ,! _w1 7,i mean n ! e>? only1 t d5om9ates ! lov]s ( x worldly m51 b ! univ]se1 t is1 ! :ole mass ( all ?+s t are71 is corporeal1 t is to say1 body2 & ha? ! dim5sions ( magnitude1 namely1 l5g?1 bread?1 & dep?3 also e "p ( body1 is likewise body1 & ha? ! l dim5sions2 & consequ5tly e "p ( ! univ]se1 is body1 & t :i* is n body1 is no "p ( ! univ]se3 & because ! univ]se is all1 t :i* is no "p ( x1 is no?+2 & consequ5tly no :]e4 ,nor does x foll[ f h5ce1 t spirits are no?+3 = !y h dim5sions1 & are !re=e really bodies2 ?\gh t "n 9 common spee* be giv5 to su* bodies only1 z are visible1 or palpable2 t is1 t h "s degree ( opacity4 ,b = spirits1 !y call !m incorporeal2 :i* is a "n ( m hon\r1 & may !re=e ) m piety be attribut$ to ,god himself2 9 :om we consid] n :at attribute expresse? be/ 8 nature1 :i* is incompreh5sible2 b :at be/ expresse? our desire to hon\r ,him4 ,to "k n[ ^u :at gr\nds !y say !re be ess5ces ab/ract1 or sub/antial =ms1 we are to consid] :at ^? words d prop]ly signify4 ,! use ( words1 is to regi/] to ourselves1 & make manife/ to o!rs ! ?\ghts & conceptions ( our m9ds4 ,( :i* words1 "s are ! names ( ! ?+s conceiv$2 z ! names ( all sorts ( bodies1 t "w ^u ! s5ses1 & leave an impression 9 ! imag9ation4 ,o!rs are ! names ( ! imag9ations !mselves2 t is to say1 ( ^? ideas1 or m5tal images we h ( all ?+s we see1 or rememb]4 ,& o!rs aga9 are names ( names2 or ( diff]5t sorts ( spee*3 z univ]sal1 plural1 s+ul>1 are ! names ( names2 & def9ition1 affirmation1 negation1 true1 false1 syllogism1 int]rogation1 promise1 cov5ant1 are ! names ( c]ta9 =ms ( spee*4 ,o!rs s]ve to %[ ! consequ5ce1 or repugnance ( "o "n to ano!r2 z :5 "o sai?1 a man is a body1 he int5de? t ! "n ( body is necess>ily consequ5t to ! "n ( man2 z be+ b sev]al names ( ! same ?+1 man2 :i* consequ5ce is signifi$ by c\pl+ !m toge!r ) ! ^w is4 ,& z we use ! v]b is1 s ! ,lat9s use _! v]b e/1 & ! ,greeks _! ?r\gh all its decl9ations4 ,:e!r all o!r nations ( ! _w h 9 _! sev]al languages a ^w t answ]e? to x1 or n1 ,i _c tell2 b ,i am sure !y h n ne$ ( x4 ,= ! plac+ ( two names 9 ord] may s]ve to signify _! consequ5ce1 if x 7 ! cu/om1 7= cu/om is x1 t gives words _! =ce17 z well z ! words is1 or be1 or are1 & ! l4 ,& if x 7 s1 t !re 7 a language )\t any v]b answ]able to e/1 or is1 or be2 yet ! m5 t us$ x w\ld be n a jot ! less capable ( inf]r+1 conclud+1 & ( all k9d ( reason+1 ?an 7 ! ,greeks1 & ,lat9s4 ,b :at !n w\ld become ( ^! t]ms1 ( entity1 ess5ce1 ess5tial1 ess5tiality1 t are d]iv$ f x1 & ( _m m ?an dep5d on ^!1 appli$ z mo/ commonly !y are8 ,!y are !re=e no names ( ?+s2 b signs1 by :i* we make kn[n1 t we conceive ! consequ5ce ( "o "n or attribute to ano!r3 z :5 we say1 a man is a liv+ body1 we mean n t ! man is "o ?+1 ! liv+ body ano!r1 & ! is1 or be+ a ?ird2 b t ! man1 & ! liv+ body1 is ! same ?+2 because ! consequ5ce1 if he be a man1 he is a liv+ body1 is a true consequ5ce1 signifi$ by t ^w is4 ,!re=e1 to be a body1 to walk1 to be speak+1 to live1 to see1 & ! l inf9itives2 also corporeity1 walk+1 speak+1 life1 sight1 & ! l1 t signify j ! same1 are ! names ( no?+2 z ,i h else:]e m amply express$4 ,b to :at purpose1 may "s man say1 is su* subtlety 9 a "w ( ?is nature1 :]e ,i pret5d to no?+ b :at is necess>y to ! doctr9e ( gov]nm5t & ob$i5ce8 ,x is to ?is purpose1 t m5 may no long] suff] !mselves to be abus$1 by !m1 t by ?is doctr9e ( sep>at$ ess5ces1 built on ! va9 philosophy ( ,ari/otle1 w\ld fright !m f obey+ ! laws ( _! c\ntry1 ) empty names2 z m5 fright birds f ! corn ) an empty d\blet1 a hat1 & a crook$ /ick4 ,= x is ^u ?is gr\nd1 t :5 a man is dead & buri$1 !y say 8 s\l1 t is 8 life1 c walk sep>at$ f 8 body1 & is se5 by night among/ ! graves4 ,^u ! same gr\nd !y say1 t ! figure1 & col\r1 & ta/e ( a piece ( bread1 has a be+1 !re1 :]e !y say !re is no bread4 ,& ^u ! same gr\nd !y say1 t fai?1 & wisdom1 & o!r virtues1 are sometimes p\r$ into a man1 sometimes bl[n into him f ,heav51 z if ! virtu\s & _! virtues c\ld be asund]2 & a great _m o!r ?+s t s]ve to less5 ! dep5dance ( subjects on ! sov]eign p[] ( _! c\ntry4 ,= :o w endeav\r to obey ! laws1 if he expect ob$i5ce to be p\r$ or bl[n into him8 ,or :o w n obey a prie/1 t c make ,god1 r ?an 8 sov]eign1 nay ?an ,god himself8 ,or :o1 t is 9 fe> ( gho/s1 w n be> great respect to ^? t c make ! holy wat]1 t drives !m f him8 ,& ?is %all suffice = an example ( ! errors1 :i* are br\ght into ! ,*ur*1 f ! entities & ess5ces ( ,ari/otle3 :i* x may be he knew to be false philosophy2 b writ x z a ?+ consonant to1 & corroborative ( _! religion2 & fe>+ ! fate ( ,socrates4 ,be+ once fall5 into ?is error ( sep>at$ ess5ces1 !y are !reby necess>ily involv$ 9 _m o!r absurdities t foll[ x4 ,= see+ !y w h ^! =ms to be real1 !y are oblig$ to assign !m "s place4 ,b because !y hold !m incorporeal1 )\t all dim5sion ( quantity1 & all m5 "k t place is dim5sion1 & n to be fill$1 b by t :i* is corporeal2 !y are driv5 to uphold _! cr$it ) a di/9ction1 t !y are n inde$ any:]e circumscriptiv1 b def9itiv2 :i* t]ms be+ m]e words1 & 9 ?is occasion insignificant1 pass only 9 ,lat91 t ! vanity ( !m may be conceal$4 ,= ! circumscription ( a ?+1 is no?+ else b ! det]m9ation1 or def9+ ( its place2 & s bo? ! t]ms ( ! di/9ction are ! same4 ,& 9 p>ticul>1 ( ! ess5ce ( a man1 :i*1 !y say1 is 8 s\l1 !y affirm x1 to be all ( x 9 8 little f+]1 & all ( x 9 e o!r "p1 h[ small soev]1 ( 8 body2 & yet no m s\l 9 ! :ole body1 ?an 9 any "o ( ^? p>ts4 ,c any man ?9k t ,god is s]v$ ) su* absurdities8 ,& yet all ?is is necess>y to believe1 to ^? t w believe ! exi/5ce ( an incorporeal s\l1 sep>at$ f ! body4 ,& :5 !y come to give acc\nt h[ an incorporeal sub/ance c be capable ( pa91 & be torm5t$ 9 ! fire ( hell or purgatory1 !y h no?+ at all to answ]1 b t x _c be kn[n h[ fire c burn s\ls4 ,aga91 :]eas motion is *ange ( place1 & incorporeal sub/ances are n capable ( place1 !y are tr\bl$ to make x seem possible1 h[ a s\l c g h5ce1 )\t ! body1 to heav51 hell1 or purgatory2 & h[ ! gho/s ( m51 & ,i may add ( _! clo!s :i* !y appe> 91 c walk by night 9 *ur*es1 *ur*y>ds1 & o!r places ( sepulture4 ,to :i* ,i "k n :at !y c answ]1 unless !y w say1 !y walk def9itiv1 n circumscriptiv1 or spiritually1 n temporally3 = su* egregi\s di/9ctions are equally applicable to any difficulty :atsoev]4 ,sid5ote3 ,nunc-/ans4 ,= ! mean+ ( et]nity1 !y w n h x to be an endless succession ( "t2 = !n !y %\ld n be able to r5d] a reason h[ ,god's w1 & preorda9+ ( ?+s to come1 %\ld n be be=e 8 presci5ce ( ! same1 z ! effici5t cause be=e ! effect1 or ag5t be=e ! action2 nor ( _m o!r _! bold op9ions conc]n+ ! incompreh5sible nature ( ,god4 ,b !y w tea* u1 t et]nity is ! /&+ /ill ( ! pres5t "t1 a nunc-/ans1 z ! ,s*ools call x2 :i* nei!r !y1 nor any else und]/&1 no m ?an !y w\ld a hic-/ans = an inf9ite greatness ( place4 ,sid5ote3 ,"o body 9 _m places1 & _m bodies 9 "o place at once4 ,& :]eas m5 divide a body 9 _! ?\ght1 by numb]+ p>ts ( x1 &1 9 numb]+ ^? p>ts1 numb] also ! p>ts ( ! place x fill$2 x _c be1 b 9 mak+ _m p>ts1 we make also _m places ( ^? p>ts2 :]eby !re _c be conceiv$ 9 ! m9d ( any man1 m1 or few] p>ts1 ?an !re are places =3 yet !y w h u believe1 t by ! ,almighty p[] ( ,god1 "o body may be at "o & ! same "t 9 _m places2 & _m bodies at "o & ! same "t 9 "o place3 z if x 7 an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! ,div9e ,p[] to say1 t :i* is1 is n2 or t :i* has be51 has n be54 ,& ^! are b a small "p ( ! incongruities !y are =c$ to1 f _! disput+ philosophically1 in/ead ( admir+1 & ador+ ( ! div9e & incompreh5sible nature2 ^: attributes _c signify :at he is1 b ought to signify our desire to hon\r him1 ) ! be/ appellations we c ?9k on4 ,b !y t v5ture to reason ( 8 nature1 f ^! attributes ( hon\r1 los+ _! und]/&+ 9 ! v fir/ attempt1 fall f "o inconv5i5ce into ano!r1 )\t end1 & )\t numb]2 9 ! same mann]1 z :5 a man ignorant ( ! c]emonies ( c\rt1 com+ into ! pres5ce ( a great] p]son ?an he is us$ to speak to1 & /umbl+ at 8 entrance1 to save himself f fall+1 lets slip 8 cloak2 to recov] 8 cloak1 lets fall 8 hat2 & ) "o disord] aft] ano!r1 discov]s 8 a/oni%m5t & ru/icity4 ,sid5ote3 ,absurdities 9 natural philosophy1 z gravity ! cause ( heav9ess4 ,!n = physics1 t is1 ! k ( ! subord9ate & second>y causes ( natural ev5ts2 !y r5d] none at all1 b empty words4 ,if y desire to "k :y "s k9d ( bodies s9k naturally d[nw>ds t[>d ! e>?1 & o!rs g naturally f x2 ! ,s*ools w tell y out ( ,ari/otle1 t ! bodies t s9k d[nw>ds1 are heavy2 & t ?is heav9ess is x t causes !m to desc5d4 ,b if y ask :at !y mean by heav9ess1 !y w def9e x to be an endeav\r to g to ! c5tre ( ! e>?4 ,s t ! cause :y ?+s s9k d[nw>d1 is an endeav\r to be bel[3 :i* is z mu* z to say1 t bodies desc5d1 or asc5d1 because !y d4 ,or !y w tell y ! c5tre ( ! e>? is ! place ( re/1 & cons]vation = heavy ?+s2 & !re=e !y endeav\r to be !re3 z if /ones & metals _h a desire1 or c\ld disc]n ! place !y w\ld be at1 z man does2 or lov$ re/1 z man does n2 or t a piece ( glass 7 less safe 9 ! w9d[1 ?an fall+ into ! /reet4 ,sid5ote3 ,quantity put into body already made4 ,if we w\ld "k :y ! same body seems great]1 )\t add+ to x1 "o "t1 ?an ano!r2 !y say1 :5 x seems less1 x is cond5s$2 :5 great]1 r>ifi$4 ,:at is t cond5s$1 & r>ifi$8 ,cond5s$1 is :5 !re is 9 ! v same matt]1 less quantity ?an be=e2 & r>ifi$1 :5 m4 ,z if !re c\ld be matt]1 t _h n "s det]m9$ quantity2 :5 quantity is no?+ else b ! det]m9ation ( matt]2 t is to say1 ( body1 by :i* we say1 "o body is great] or less] ?an ano!r1 by ?us1 or ?us mu*4 ,or z if a body 7 made )\t any quantity at all1 & t aft]w>ds m or less 7 put into x1 accord+ z x is int5d$ ! body %\ld be m or less d5se4 ,sid5ote3 ,p\r+ 9 ( s\ls4 ,= ! cause ( ! s\l ( man1 !y say1 creatur infund5do1 & cre&o infunditur3 t is1 x is creat$ by p\r+ x 91 & p\r$ 9 by creation4 ,sid5ote3 ,ubiquity ( app>ition4 ,= ! cause ( s5se1 an ubiquity ( species2 t is1 ( ! %[s or app>itions ( objects2 :i* :5 !y be app>itions to ! eye1 is sight2 :5 to ! e>1 he>+2 to ! palate1 ta/e2 to ! no/ril1 smell+2 & to ! re/ ( ! body1 feel+4 ,sid5ote3 ,w1 ! cause ( will+4 ,= cause ( ! w1 to d any p>ticul> action1 :i* is call$ volitio1 !y assign ! faculty1 t is to say1 ! capacity 9 g5]al1 t m5 h1 to w sometimes "o ?+1 sometimes ano!r1 :i* is call$ voluntas2 mak+ ! p[] ! cause ( ! act4 ,z if "o %\ld assign = cause ( ! good or evil acts ( m51 _! ability to d !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,ignorance an occult cause4 ,& 9 _m occasions !y put = cause ( natural ev5ts1 _! own ignorance2 b disguis$ 9 o!r words3 z :5 !y say1 =tune is ! cause ( ?+s cont+5t2 t is1 ( ?+s :]e( !y "k no cause3 & z :5 !y attribute _m effects to occult qualities2 t is1 qualities n kn[n to !m2 & !re=e also1 z !y ?9k1 to no man else4 ,& to sympa?y1 antipa?y1 antip]i/asis1 specifical qualities1 & o!r l t]ms1 :i* signify nei!r ! ag5t t produce? !m1 nor ! op]ation by :i* !y are produc$4 ,if su* metaphysics1 & physics z ?is1 be n va9 philosophy1 !re 0 nev] any2 nor ne$$ ,/4 ,paul to give u w>n+ to avoid x4 ,sid5ote3 ,"o makes ! ?+s incongru5t1 ano!r ! incongruity4 ,& = _! moral1 & civil philosophy1 x ha? ! same1 or great] absurdities4 ,if a man d an action ( inju/ice1 t is to say1 an action contr>y to ! law1 ,god !y say is ! prime cause ( ! law1 & also ! prime cause ( t1 & all o!r actions2 b no cause at all ( ! inju/ice2 :i* is ! incon=mity ( ! action to ! law4 ,?is is va9 philosophy4 ,a man might z well say1 t "o man make? bo? a /raight l9e1 & a crook$1 & ano!r make? _! incongruity4 ,& su* is ! philosophy ( all m5 t resolve ( _! conclusions1 be=e !y "k _! premises2 pret5d+ to compreh5d1 t :i* is incompreh5sible2 & ( attributes ( hon\r to make attributes ( nature2 z ?is dict9ction 0 made to ma9ta9 ! doctr9e ( free-w1 t is1 ( a w ( man1 n subject to ! w ( ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,private appetite ! rule ( public good4 ,ari/otle1 & o!r hea!n philosoph]s1 def9e good & evil1 by ! appetite ( m52 & well en\gh1 z long z we consid] !m gov]n$ e "o by 8 own law2 = 9 ! condition ( m5 t h no o!r law b _! own appetites1 !re c be no g5]al rule ( good1 & evil actions4 ,b 9 a commonweal? ?is measure is false3 n ! appetite ( private m51 b ! law1 :i* is ! w & appetite ( ! /ate1 is ! measure4 ,& yet is ?is doctr9e /ill practis$2 & m5 judge ! goodness or wick$ness ( _! own1 & ( o!r m5's actions1 & ( ! actions ( ! commonweal? itself1 by _! own passions2 & no man calle? good or evil1 b t :i* is s 9 8 own eyes1 )\t any reg>d at all to ! public laws2 except only monks1 & fri>s1 t are b\nd by v[ to t simple ob$i5ce to _! sup]ior1 to :i* e subject ought to ?9k himself b\nd by ! law ( nature to ! civil sov]eign4 ,& ?is private measure ( good1 is a doctr9e1 n only va91 b also p]nici\s to ! public /ate4 ,sid5ote3 ,& t lawful m>riage is un*a/ity4 ,x is also va9 & false philosophy1 to say ! "w ( m>riage is repugnant to *a/ity1 or cont95ce1 & by consequ5ce to make !m moral vices2 z !y d1 t pret5d *a/ity1 & cont95ce1 = ! gr\nd ( d5y+ m>riage to ! cl]gy4 ,= !y confess x is no m1 b a con/itution ( ! ,*ur*1 t require? 9 ^? holy ord]s t cont9ually att5d ! alt> & adm9i/ration ( ! eu*>i/1 a cont9ual ab/95ce f wom51 "u ! "n ( cont9ual *a/ity1 cont95ce1 & purity4 ,!re=e !y call ! lawful use ( wives1 want ( *a/ity & cont95ce2 & s make m>riage a s91 or at lea/ a ?+ s impure1 & unclean1 z to r5d] a man unfit = ! alt>4 ,if ! law 7 made because ! use ( wives is incont95ce1 & contr>y to *a/ity1 !n all m>riage is vice3 if because x is a ?+ too impure1 & unclean1 = a man consecrat$ to ,god2 mu* m %\ld o!r natural1 necess>y1 & daily works :i* all m5 d1 r5d] m5 unwor?y to be prie/s1 because !y are m unclean4 ,b ! secret f\ndation ( ?is prohibition ( m>riage ( prie/s1 is n likely to h be5 laid s slightly1 z ^u su* errors 9 moral philosophy2 nor yet ^u ! pref]5ce ( s+le life1 to ! e/ate ( matrimony2 :i* proce$$ f ! wisdom ( ,/4 ,paul1 :o p]ceiv$ h[ inconv5i5t a ?+ x 01 = ^? t 9 ^? times ( p]secution 7 prea*]s ( ! gospel1 & =c$ to fly f "o c\ntry to ano!r1 to be clogg$ ) ! c>e ( wife & *ildr52 b ^u ! design ( ! ,popes1 & prie/s ( aft] times1 to make !mselves ! cl]gy1 t is to say1 sole heirs ( ! k+dom ( ,god 9 ?is _w2 to :i* x 0 necess>y to take f !m ! use ( m>riage2 because our ,savi\r sai?1 t at ! com+ ( 8 k+dom ! *ildr5 ( ,god %all nei!r m>ry1 nor be giv5 9 m>riage1 b %all be z ! angels 9 heav52 t is to say1 spiritual4 ,see+ !n !y _h tak5 on !m ! "n ( spiritual1 to h all[$ !mselves1 :5 !re 0 no ne$1 ! propriety ( wives1 _h be5 an incongruity4 ,sid5ote3 ,& t all gov]nm5t b popul> is tyranny4 ,f ,ari/otle's civil philosophy1 !y h le>n$1 to call all mann] ( commonweal?s b ! popul>1 7su* z 0 at t "t ! /ate ( ,a!ns71 tyranny4 ,all k+s !y call$ tyrants2 & ! ari/ocracy ( ! ?irty gov]nors set up !re by ! ,lac$emonians t subdu$ !m1 ! ?irty tyrants4 ,z also to call ! condition ( ! p "u ! democracy1 lib]ty4 ,a tyrant orig9ally signifi$ no m simply1 b a mon>*4 ,b :5 aft]w>ds 9 mo/ "p ( ,greece t k9d ( gov]nm5t 0 aboli%$1 ! "n began to signify1 n only ! ?+ x did be=e1 b ) x1 ! hatr$ :i* ! popul> /ates b>e t[>ds x4 ,z also ! "n ( k+ became odi\s aft] ! depos+ ( ! k+s 9 ,rome1 z be+ a ?+ natural to all m51 to conceive "s great fault to be signifi$ 9 any attribute1 t is giv5 9 despite1 & to a great enemy4 ,& :5 ! same m5 %all be displeas$ ) ^? t h ! adm9i/ration ( ! democracy1 or ari/ocracy1 !y are n to seek = disgraceful names to express _! ang] 92 b call readily ! "o an>*y1 & ! o!r olig>*y1 or ! tyranny ( a few4 ,& t :i* (f5de? ! p1 is no o!r ?+1 b t !y are gov]n$1 n z e "o ( !m w\ld himself1 b z ! public repres5tant1 be x "o man1 or an assembly ( m51 ?9ks fit2 t is1 by an arbitr>y gov]nm5t3 = :i* !y give evil names to _! sup]iors2 nev] kn[+1 till p]haps a little aft] a civil w>1 t )\t su* arbitr>y gov]nm5t1 su* w> mu/ be p]petual2 & t x is m51 & arms1 n words & promises1 t make ! =ce & p[] ( ! laws4 ,sid5ote3 ,t n m51 b law gov]ns4 ,& !re=e ?is is ano!r error ( ,ari/otle's politics1 t 9 a well-ord]$ commonweal?1 n m5 %\ld gov]n1 b ! laws4 ,:at man1 t has 8 natural s5ses1 ?\gh he c nei!r write nor read1 does n f9d himself gov]n$ by !m he fe>s1 & believes c kill or hurt him :5 he obeye? n8 ,or t believes ! law c hurt him2 t is1 words & pap]1 )\t ! h&s & swords ( m58 ,& ?is is ( ! numb] ( p]nici\s errors3 = !y induce m51 z (t z !y l n _! gov]nors1 to adh]e to ^? t call !m tyrants1 & to ?9k x lawful to raise w> aga9/ !m3 & yet !y are _m times *]i%$ f ! pulpit1 by ! cl]gy4 ,sid5ote3 ,laws ov] ! consci5ce4 ,!re is ano!r error 9 _! civil philosophy1 :i* !y nev] le>n$ ( ,ari/otle1 nor ,cic]o1 nor any o!r ( ! hea!n1 to ext5d ! p[] ( ! law1 :i* is ! rule ( actions only1 to ! v ?\ghts & consci5ces ( m51 by exam9ation1 & inquisition ( :at !y hold1 not)/&+ ! con=mity ( _! spee* & actions4 ,by :i*1 m5 are ei!r puni%$ = answ]+ ! tru? ( _! ?\ghts1 or con/ra9$ to answ] an untru? = fe> ( puni%m5t4 ,x is true1 t ! civil magi/rate1 int5d+ to employ a m9i/] 9 ! *>ge ( tea*+1 may enquire ( him1 if he be cont5t to prea* su* & su* doctr9es2 & 9 case ( refusal1 may d5y him ! employm5t4 ,b to =ce him to accuse himself ( op9ions1 :5 8 actions are n by law =bidd51 is aga9/ ! law ( nature2 & especially 9 !m1 :o tea*1 t a man %all be damn$ to et]nal & extreme torm5ts1 if he die 9 a false op9ion conc]n+ an article ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,= :o is !re1 t kn[+ !re is s great dang] 9 an error1 :om ! natural c>e ( himself1 compelle? n to haz>d 8 s\l ^u 8 own judgm5t1 r ?an t ( any o!r man t is unconc]n$ 9 8 damnation8 ,sid5ote3 ,private int]pretation ( law4 ,= a private man1 )\t ! au?ority ( ! commonweal?1 t is to say1 )\t p]mission f ! repres5tant !re(1 to int]pret ! law by 8 own _s1 is ano!r error 9 ! politics3 b n drawn f ,ari/otle1 nor f any o!r ( ! hea!n philosoph]s4 ,= none ( !m d5y1 b t 9 ! p[] ( mak+ laws1 is compreh5d$ also ! p[] ( expla9+ !m :5 !re is ne$4 ,& are n ! ,scriptures1 9 all places :]e !y are law1 made law by ! au?ority ( ! commonweal?1 & consequ5tly1 a "p ( ! civil law8 ,( ! same k9d x is also1 :5 any b ! sov]eign re/ra9e? 9 any man t p[] :i* ! commonweal? ha? n re/ra9$2 z !y d1 t impropriate ! prea*+ ( ! gospel to "o c]ta9 ord] ( m51 :]e ! laws h left x free4 ,if ! /ate give me leave to prea*1 or tea*2 t is1 if x =bid me n1 no man c =bid me4 ,if ,i f9d myself among/ ! idolat]s ( ,am]ica1 %all ,i t am a ,*ri/ian1 ?\gh n 9 ord]s1 ?9k x a s9 to prea* ,jesus ,*ri/1 till ,i h receiv$ ord]s f ,rome8 ,or :5 ,i h prea*$1 %all n ,i answ] _! d\bts1 & exp\nd ! ,scriptures to !m2 t is1 %all ,i n tea*8 ,b = ?is may "s say1 z also = adm9i/]+ to !m ! sacram5ts1 ! necessity %all be e/eem$ = a suffici5t mission2 :i* is true3 b ?is is true also1 t = :atsoev]1 a disp5sation is due = ! necessity1 = ! same !re ne$s no disp5sation1 :5 !re is no law t =bids x4 ,!re=e to d5y ^! functions to ^?1 to :om ! civil sov]eign ha? n d5i$ !m1 is a tak+ away ( a lawful lib]ty1 :i* is contr>y to ! doctr9e ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,language ( ,s*ool div9es4 ,m examples ( va9 philosophy1 br\ght into religion by ! doctors ( ,s*ool-div9ity1 might be produc$2 b o!r m5 may if !y please obs]ve !m ( !mselves4 ,i %all only add ?is1 t ! writ+s ( ,s*ool-div9es1 are no?+ else = ! mo/ "p1 b insignificant tra9s ( /range & b>b>\s words1 or words o!rwise us$1 ?an 9 ! common use ( ! ,lat9 tongue2 su* z w\ld pose ,cic]o1 & ,v>ro1 & all ! gramm>ians ( anci5t ,rome4 ,:i* if any man w\ld see prov$1 let him1 z ,i h said once be=e1 see :e!r he c translate any ,s*ool-div9e into any ( ! mod]n tongues1 z ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 or any o!r copi\s language3 = t :i* _c 9 mo/ ( ^! be made intelligible1 is n intelligible 9 ! ,lat94 ,:i* insignificancy ( language1 ?\gh ,i _c note x = false philosophy2 yet x ha? a quality1 n only to hide ! tru?1 b also to make m5 ?9k !y h x1 & desi/ f fur!r se>*4 ,sid5ote3 ,errors f tradition4 ,la/ly1 = ! errors br\ght 9 f false1 or unc]ta9 hi/ory1 :at is all ! leg5d ( fictiti\s miracles1 9 ! lives ( ! sa9ts2 & all ! hi/ories ( app>itions1 & gho/s1 alleg$ by ! doctors ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 to make good _! doctr9es ( hell1 & purgatory1 ! p[] ( exorcism1 & o!r doctr9es :i* h no w>rant1 nei!r 9 reason1 nor ,scripture2 z also all ^? traditions :i* !y call ! unwritt5 ^w ( ,god3 b old wives' fables8 ,:]e(1 ?\gh !y f9d disp]s$ some:at 9 ! writ+s ( ! anci5t fa!rs2 yet ^? fa!rs 7 m51 t might too easily believe false reports2 & ! produc+ ( _! op9ions = te/imony ( ! tru? ( :at !y believ$1 ha? no o!r =ce ) !m t1 accord+ to ! c\nsel ( ,/4 ,john 7#a ,epi/4 iv4 #a71 exam9e spirits1 ?an 9 all ?+s t conc]n ! p[] ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 7! abuse :]e( ei!r !y suspect$ n1 or _h b5efit by x71 to discr$it _! te/imony1 9 respect ( too ra% belief ( reports2 :i* ! mo/ s9c]e m51 )\t great k ( natural causes1 su* z ! fa!rs 71 are commonly ! mo/ subject to4 ,= naturally1 ! be/ m5 are ! lea/ suspici\s ( fraudul5t purposes4 ,gregory ! ,pope1 & ,/4 ,b]n>d h some:at ( app>itions ( gho/s1 t said !y 7 9 purgatory2 & s has our ,b$e3 b no :]e1 ,i believe1 b by report f o!rs4 ,b if !y1 or any o!r1 relate any su* /ories ( _! own k1 !y %all n !reby confirm ! m su* va9 reports2 b discov] _! own infirmity1 or fraud4 ,sid5ote3 ,suppression ( reason4 ,) ! introduction ( false1 we may jo9 also ! suppression ( true philosophy1 by su* m51 z nei!r by lawful au?ority1 nor suffici5t /udy1 are compet5t judges ( ! tru?4 ,our own navigations make manife/1 & all m5 le>n$ 9 human sci5ces1 n[ ackn[l$ge !re are antipodes3 & e day x appe>e? m & m1 t ye>s & days are det]m9$ by motions ( ! e>?4 ,nev]!less1 m5 t h 9 _! writ+s b suppos$ su* doctr9e1 z an occasion to lay op5 ! reasons =1 & aga9/ x1 h be5 puni%$ = x by au?ority ecclesia/ical4 ,b :at reason is !re = x8 ,is x because su* op9ions are contr>y to true religion8 ,t _c be1 if !y be true4 ,let !re=e ! tru? be fir/ exam9$ by compet5t judges1 or confut$ by !m t pret5d to "k ! contr>y4 ,is x because !y be contr>y to ! religion e/abli%$8 ,let !m be sil5c$ by ! laws ( ^?1 to :om ! tea*]s ( !m are subject2 t is1 by ! laws civil4 ,= disob$i5ce may lawfully be puni%$ 9 !m1 t aga9/ ! laws tea* ev5 true philosophy4 ,is x because !y t5d to disord] 9 gov]nm5t1 z c\nt5anc+ rebellion1 or s$ition8 ,!n let !m be sil5c$1 & ! tea*]s puni%$ by virtue ( 8 p[] to :om ! c>e ( ! public quiet is committ$2 :i* is ! au?ority civil4 ,= :atsoev] p[] ecclesia/ics take ^u !mselves1 79 any place :]e !y are subject to ! /ate71 9 _! own "r1 ?\gh !y call x ,god's "r1 is b usurpation4 ------- ,,*apt] ,,xlvii4 ,,( ,,! ,,b5efit ,,t ,,proce$e? ,,f ,,su* ,,d>kness1 ,,& ,,to ,,:om ,,x ,,accrue?4 ,sid5ote3 ,he t receive? b5efit by a fact1 is presum$ to be ! au?or4 ,cic]o make? hon\rable m5tion ( "o ( ! ,cassii1 a sev]e judge among/ ! ,romans1 = a cu/om he _h1 9 crim9al causes1 :5 ! te/imony ( ! witnesses 0 n suffici5t1 to ask ! accus]s1 cui bono2 t is to say1 :at pr(it1 hon\r1 or o!r cont5tm5t1 ! accus$ obta9$1 or expect$ by ! fact4 ,= among/ presumptions1 !re is none t s evid5tly decl>e? ! au?or1 z do? ! b5efit ( ! action4 ,by ! same rule ,i int5d 9 ?is place to exam9e1 :o !y may be t h possess$ ! p s long 9 ?is "p ( ,*ri/5dom1 ) ^! doctr9es1 contr>y to ! peaceable societies ( mank9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,t ! ,*ur* militant is ! k+dom ( ,god1 0 fir/ taught by ! ,*ur* ( ,rome3 ,& fir/1 to ?is error1 t ! pres5t ,*ur* n[ militant on e>?1 is ! k+dom ( ,god1 7t is1 ! k+dom ( glory1 or ! l& ( promise2 n ! k+dom ( grace1 :i* is b a promise ( ! l&71 are annex$ ^! worldly b5efits2 fir/1 t ! pa/ors & tea*]s ( ! ,*ur*1 are entitl$ !reby1 z ,god's public m9i/]s1 to a "r ( gov]n+ ! ,*ur*2 & consequ5tly1 because ! ,*ur* & commonweal? are ! same p]sons1 to be rectors1 & gov]nors ( ! commonweal?4 ,by ?is title x is1 t ! ,pope prevail$ ) ! subjects ( all ,*ri/ian pr9ces1 to believe1 t to disobey him1 0 to disobey ,*ri/ himself2 & 9 all diff]5ces betwe5 him & o!r pr9ces1 7*>m$ ) ! ^w p[] spiritual71 to ab&on _! lawful sov]eigns2 :i* is 9 effect an univ]sal mon>*y ov] all ,*ri/5dom4 ,= ?\gh !y 7 fir/ inve/$ 9 ! "r ( be+ supreme tea*]s ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 by & "u ,*ri/ian emp]ors1 )9 ! limits ( ! ,roman empire1 z is ackn[l$g$ by !mselves1 by ! title ( ,pontifex ,maximus1 :o 0 an (fic] subject to ! civil /ate2 yet aft] ! empire 0 divid$1 & dissolv$1 x 0 n h>d to obtrude ^u ! p already subject$ to !m1 ano!r title1 namely1 ! "r ( ,/4 ,pet]2 n only to save entire _! pret5d$ p[]2 b also to ext5d ! same ov] ! same ,*ri/ian prov9ces1 ?\gh no m unit$ 9 ! empire ( ,rome4 ,?is b5efit ( an univ]sal mon>*y1 7consid]+ ! desire ( m5 to be> rule71 is a suffici5t presumption1 t ! ,popes t pret5d$ to x1 & = a long "t enjoy$ x1 7 ! au?ors ( ! doctr9e1 by :i* x 0 obta9$2 namely1 t ! ,*ur* n[ on e>?1 is ! k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,= t grant$1 x mu/ be und]/ood1 t ,*ri/ ha? "s lieut5ant among/ u1 by :om we are to be told :at are 8 comm&m5ts4 ,aft] t c]ta9 ,*ur*es _h r5\nc$ ?is univ]sal p[] ( ! ,pope1 "o w\ld expect 9 reason1 t ! civil sov]eigns 9 all ^? ,*ur*es1 %\ld h recov]$ s mu* ( x1 z be=e !y _h unadvis$ly let x g1 0 _! own "r1 & 9 _! own h&s4 ,& 9 ,engl& x 0 s 9 effect2 sav+ t !y1 by :om ! k+s adm9i/]$ ! gov]nm5t ( religion1 by ma9ta9+ _! employm5t to be 9 ,god's "r1 seem$ to usurp1 if n a supremacy1 yet an indep5d5cy on ! civil p[]3 & !y b seem$ to usurp x1 inasmu* z !y ackn[l$g$ a "r 9 ! k+1 to deprive !m ( ! ex]cise ( _! functions at 8 pleasure4 ,sid5ote3 ,& ma9ta9$ also by ! ,presbyt]y4 ,b 9 ^? places :]e ! presbyt]y took t (fice1 ?\gh _m o!r doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 7 =bidd5 to be taught2 yet ?is doctr9e1 t ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ is already come1 & t x began at ! resurrection ( our ,savi\r1 0 /ill reta9$4 ,b cui bono8 ,:at pr(it did !y expect f x8 ,! same :i* ! ,popes expect$3 to h a sov]eign p[] ov] ! p4 ,= :at is x = m5 to excommunicate _! lawful k+1 b to keep him f all places ( ,god's public s]vice 9 8 own k+dom2 & ) =ce to resi/ him1 :5 he ) =ce endeav\re? to correct !m8 ,or :at is x1 )\t au?ority f ! civil sov]eign1 to excommunicate any p]son1 b to take f him 8 lawful lib]ty1 t is1 to usurp an unlawful p[] ov] _! bre?r58 ,! au?ors !re=e ( ?is d>kness 9 religion1 are ! ,roman1 & ! presbyt]ian cl]gy4 ,sid5ote3 ,infallibility4 ,to ?is head1 ,i ref] also all ^? doctr9es1 t s]ve !m to keep ! possession ( ?is spiritual sov]eignty aft] x is gott51 ,z fir/1 t ! ,pope 9 8 public capacity _c err4 ,= :o is !re1 t believ+ ?is to be true1 w n readily obey him 9 :atsoev] he comm&s8 ,sid5ote3 ,subjection ( bi%ops4 ,secondly1 t all o!r bi%ops1 9 :at commonweal? soev]1 h n _! "r1 nei!r imm$iately f ,god1 nor m$iately f _! civil sov]eigns1 b f ! ,pope1 is a doctr9e1 by :i* !re comes to be 9 e ,*ri/ian commonweal? _m pot5t m51 7= s are bi%ops71 t h _! dep5dance on ! ,pope1 & owe ob$i5ce to him1 ?\gh he be a =eign pr9ce2 by :i* means he is able1 z he ha? done _m times1 to raise a civil w> aga9/ ! /ate t submits n itself to be gov]n$ accord+ly to 8 pleasure & int]e/4 ,sid5ote3 ,exemptions ( ! cl]gy4 ,?irdly1 ! exemption ( ^!1 & ( all o!r prie/s1 & ( all monks1 & fri>s1 f ! p[] ( ! civil laws4 ,= by ?is means1 !re is a great "p ( e commonweal?1 t enjoy ! b5efit ( ! laws1 & are protect$ by ! p[] ( ! civil /ate1 :i* nev]!less pay no "p ( ! public exp5se2 nor are liable to ! p5alties1 z o!r subjects1 due to _! crimes2 & consequ5tly1 /& n 9 fe> ( any man1 b ! ,pope2 & adh]e to him only1 to uphold 8 univ]sal mon>*y4 ,sid5ote3 ,! names ( sac]dotes1 & sacrific]s4 ,f\r?ly1 ! giv+ to _! prie/s1 :i* is no m 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t b presbyt]s1 t is1 eld]s1 ! "n ( sac]dotes1 t is1 sacrific]s1 :i* 0 ! title ( ! civil sov]eign1 & 8 public m9i/]s1 among/ ! ,jews1 :il/ ,god 0 _! k+4 ,also1 ! mak+ ! ,"l's ,supp] a sacrifice1 s]ve? to make ! p believe ! ,pope ha? ! same p[] ov] all ,*ri/ians1 t ,moses & ,a>on _h ov] ! ,jews2 t is to say1 all p[]1 bo? civil & ecclesia/ical1 z ! high-prie/ !n _h4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sacram5tation ( m>riage4 ,fif?ly1 ! tea*+ t matrimony is a sacram5t1 give? to ! cl]gy ! judg+ ( ! lawfulness ( m>riages2 & !reby1 ( :at *ildr5 are legitimate2 & consequ5tly1 ( ! "r ( succession to h]$it>y k+doms4 ,sid5ote3 ,! s+le life ( prie/s4 ,six?ly1 ! d5ial ( m>riage to prie/s1 s]ve? to assure ?is p[] ( ! ,pope ov] k+s4 ,= if a k+ be a prie/1 he _c m>ry1 & transmit 8 k+dom to 8 po/]ity2 if he be n a prie/1 !n ! ,pope pret5de? ?is au?ority ecclesia/ical ov] him1 & ov] 8 p4 ,sid5ote3 ,auricul> confession4 ,sev5?ly1 f auricul> confession1 !y obta91 = ! assurance ( _! p[]1 bett] intellig5ce ( ! designs ( pr9ces1 & great p]sons 9 ! civil /ate1 ?an ^! c h ( ! designs ( ! /ate ecclesia/ical4 ,sid5ote3 ,canonization ( sa9ts1 & decl>+ ( m>tyrs4 ,eigh?ly1 by ! canonization ( sa9ts1 & decl>+ :o are m>tyrs1 !y assure _! p[]1 9 t !y induce simple m5 into an ob/9acy aga9/ ! laws & comm&s ( _! civil sov]eigns ev5 to dea?1 if by ! ,pope's excommunication1 !y be decl>$ h]etics or enemies to ! ,*ur*2 t is1 z !y int]pret x1 to ! ,pope4 ,sid5ote3 ,transub/antiation1 p5ance1 absolution4 ,n9?ly1 !y assure ! same1 by ! p[] !y ascribe to e prie/1 ( mak+ ,*ri/2 & by ! p[] ( orda9+ p5ance2 & ( remitt+1 & reta9+ ( s9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,purgatory1 indulg5ces1 ext]nal works4 ,t5?ly1 by ! doctr9e ( purgatory1 ( ju/ification by ext]nal works1 & ( indulg5ces1 ! cl]gy is enri*$4 ,sid5ote3 ,demonology & exorcism4 ,elev5?ly1 by _! demonology1 & ! use ( exorcism1 & o!r ?+s app]ta9+ !reto1 !y keep1 or ?9k !y keep1 ! p m 9 awe ( _! p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,s*ool div9ity4 ,la/ly1 ! metaphysics1 e?ics1 & politics ( ,ari/otle1 ! frivol\s di/9ctions1 b>b>\s t]ms1 & obscure language ( ! ,s*oolm51 taught 9 ! univ]sities1 :i* h be5 all erect$ & regulat$ by ! ,pope's au?ority1 s]ve !m to keep ^! errors f be+ detect$1 & to make m5 mi/ake ! ignis fatuus ( va9 philosophy1 = ! light ( ! ,gospel4 ,sid5ote3 ,! au?ors ( spiritual d>kness1 :o !y be4 ,to ^!1 if !y suffic$ n1 might be add$ o!r ( _! d>k doctr9es1 ! pr(it :]e( r$\nde? manife/ly1 to ! sett+ up ( an unlawful p[] ov] ! lawful sov]eigns ( ,*ri/ian p2 or = ! su/a9+ ( ! same1 :5 x is set up2 or to ! worldly ri*es1 hon\r1 & au?ority ( ^? t su/a9 x4 ,& !re=e by ! a=esaid rule1 ( cui bono1 we may ju/ly pron\nce = ! au?ors ( all ?is spiritual d>kness1 ! ,pope1 & ,roman cl]gy1 & all ^? besides t endeav\r to settle 9 ! m9ds ( m5 ?is errone\s doctr9e1 t ! ,*ur* n[ on e>?1 is t k+dom ( ,god m5tion$ 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b ! emp]ors1 & o!r ,*ri/ian sov]eigns1 "u ^: gov]nm5t ^! errors1 & ! l encroa*m5ts ( ecclesia/ics ^u _! (fice1 at fir/ crept 91 to ! di/urbance ( _! possessions1 & ( ! tranquillity ( _! subjects1 ?\gh !y suff]$ ! same = want ( =esight ( ! sequel1 & ( insight into ! designs ( _! tea*]s1 may nev]!less be e/eem$ accessories to _! own1 & ! public damage4 ,= )\t _! au?ority !re c\ld at fir/ no s$iti\s doctr9e h be5 publicly prea*$4 ,i say !y might h h9d]$ ! same 9 ! beg9n+3 b :5 ! p 7 once possess$ by ^? spiritual m51 !re 0 no human rem$y to be appli$1 t any man c\ld inv5t4 ,& = ! rem$ies t ,god %\ld provide1 :o nev] faile? 9 8 good "t to de/roy all ! ma*9ations ( m5 aga9/ ! tru?1 we are to att5d 8 good pleasure1 t suff]e? _m times ! prosp]ity ( 8 enemies1 toge!r ) _! ambition1 to gr[ to su* a height1 z ! viol5ce !re( op5e? ! eyes1 :i* ! w>9ess ( _! pr$ecessors _h be=e seal$ up1 & makes m5 by too mu* grasp+ let g all1 z ,pet]'s net 0 brok51 by ! /ruggl+ ( too great a multitude ( fi%es2 :]eas ! impati5ce ( ^?1 t /rive to resi/ su* encroa*m5t1 be=e _! subjects' eyes 7 op5$1 did b increase ! p[] !y resi/$4 ,i d n !re=e blame ! emp]or ,fr$]ick = hold+ ! /irrup to our c\ntryman ,pope ,adrian2 = su* 0 ! disposition ( 8 subjects !n1 z if he _h n done x1 he 0 n likely to h succe$$ 9 ! empire4 ,b ,i blame ^?1 t 9 ! beg9n+1 :5 _! p[] 0 entire1 by suff]+ su* doctr9es to be =g$ 9 ! univ]sities ( _! own dom9ions1 h hold5 ! /irrup to all ! succe$+ ,popes1 :il/ !y m\nt$ into ! ?rones ( all ,*ri/ian sov]eigns1 to ride1 & tire1 bo? !m1 & _! p at _! pleasure4 ,b z ! inv5tions ( m5 are wov51 s also are !y ravell$ out2 ! way is ! same1 b ! ord] is inv]t$4 ,! web beg9s at ! fir/ elem5ts ( p[]1 :i* are wisdom1 humility1 s9c]ity1 & o!r virtues ( ! ,apo/les1 :om ! p1 conv]t$1 obey$ out ( rev]5ce1 n by obligation4 ,_! consci5ces 7 free1 & _! words & actions subject to none b ! civil p[]4 ,aft]w>ds ! presbyt]s1 z ! flocks ( ,*ri/ increas$1 assembl+ to consid] :at !y %\ld tea*1 & !reby oblig+ !mselves to tea* no?+ aga9/ ! decrees ( _! assemblies1 made x to be ?\ght ! p 7 !reby oblig$ to foll[ _! doctr9e1 & :5 !y refus$1 refus$ to keep !m company1 7t 0 !n call$ excommunication71 n z be+ infidels1 b z be+ disob$i5t3 & ?is 0 ! fir/ knot ^u _! lib]ty4 ,& ! numb] ( presbyt]s increas+1 ! presbyt]s ( ! *ief city or prov9ce1 got !mselves an au?ority ov] ! p>o*ial presbyt]s1 & appropriat$ to !mselves ! names ( bi%ops3 & ?is 0 a second knot on ,*ri/ian lib]ty4 ,la/ly1 ! bi%op ( ,rome1 9 reg>d ( ! imp]ial city1 took ^u him an au?ority1 7p>tly by ! wills ( ! emp]ors !mselves1 & by ! title ( ,pontifex ,maximus1 & at la/ :5 ! emp]ors 7 gr[n weak1 by ! privileges ( ,/4 ,pet]71 ov] all o!r bi%ops ( ! empire3 :i* 0 ! ?ird & la/ knot1 & ! :ole syn!sis & con/ruction1 ( ! pontificial p[]4 ,& !re=e ! analysis1 or resolution1 is by ! same way2 b beg9ne? ) ! knot t 0 la/ ti$2 z we may see 9 ! dissolution ( ! prt]political ,*ur* gov]nm5t 9 ,engl&4 ,fir/1 ! p[] ( ! ,popes 0 dissolv$ totally by ,que5 ,elizabe?2 & ! bi%ops1 :o be=e ex]cis$ _! functions 9 "r ( ! ,pope1 did aft]w>ds ex]cise ! same 9 "r ( ! ,que5 & h] successors2 ?\gh by reta9+ ! phrase ( jure div9o1 !y 7 ?\ght to dem& x by imm$iate "r f ,god3 & s 0 unti$ ! ?ird knot4 ,aft] ?is1 ! presbyt]ians lately 9 ,engl& obta9$ ! putt+ d[n ( episcopacy3 & s 0 ! second knot dissolv$4 ,& almo/ at ! same "t1 ! p[] 0 tak5 also f ! presbyt]ians3 & s we are r$uc$ to ! indep5dancy ( ! primitive ,*ri/ians1 to foll[ ,paul1 or ,cephas1 or ,apollos1 e man z he like? be/3 :i*1 if x be )\t cont5tion1 & )\t measur+ ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/1 by our affection to ! p]son ( 8 m9i/]1 7! fault :i* ! apo/le repreh5d$ 9 ! ,cor9?ians71 is p]haps ! be/4 ,fir/1 because !re ought to be no p[] ov] ! consci5ces ( m51 b ( ! ,^w itself1 work+ fai? 9 e "o1 n always accord+ to ! purpose ( !m t plant & wat]1 b ( ,god himself1 t give? ! increase4 ,& secondly1 because x is unreasonable 9 !m1 :o tea* !re is su* dang] 9 e little error1 to require ( a man endu$ ) reason ( 8 own1 to foll[ ! reason ( any o!r man1 or ( ! mo/ voices ( any o!r m51 :i* is little bett] ?an to v5ture 8 salvation at cross & pile4 ,nor ought ^? tea*]s to be displeas$ ) ?is loss ( _! anci5t au?ority4 ,= !re is none %\ld "k bett] ?an !y1 t p[] is pres]v$ by ! same virtues by :i* x is acquir$2 t is to say1 by wisdom1 humility1 cle>ness ( doctr9e1 & s9c]ity ( conv]sation2 & n by suppression ( ! natural sci5ces1 & ( ! morality ( natural reason2 nor by obscure language2 nor by arrogat+ to !mselves m k ?an !y make appe>2 nor by pi\s frauds2 nor by su* o!r faults1 z 9 ! pa/ors ( ,god's ,*ur* are n only faults1 b also sc&als1 apt to make m5 /umble "o "t or o!r ^u ! suppression ( _! au?ority4 ,sid5ote3 ,comp>ison ( ! papacy ) ! k+dom ( fairies4 ,b aft] ?is doctr9e1 t ! ,*ur* n[ militant1 is ! k+dom ( ,god spok5 ( 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 0 receiv$ 9 ! _w2 ! ambition1 & canvass+ = ! (fices t belong !reunto1 & especially = t great (fice ( be+ ,*ri/'s lieut5ant1 & ! pomp ( !m t obta9$ !re9 ! pr9cipal public *>ges1 became by degrees s evid5t1 t !y lo/ ! inw>d rev]5ce due to ! pa/oral function3 insomu* z ! wise/ m51 ( !m t _h any p[] 9 ! civil /ate1 ne$$ no?+ b ! au?ority ( _! pr9ces1 to d5y !m any fur!r ob$i5ce4 ,=1 f ! "t t ! ,bi%op ( ,rome _h gott5 to be ackn[l$g$ = bi%op univ]sal1 by pret5ce ( succession to ,/4 ,pet]1 _! :ole hi]>*y1 or k+dom ( d>kness1 may be comp>$ n unfitly to ! k+dom ( fairies2 t is1 to ! old wives' fables 9 ,engl&1 conc]n+ gho/s & spirits1 & ! feats !y play 9 ! night4 ,& if a man consid] ! orig9al ( ?is great ecclesia/ical dom9ion1 he w easily p]ceive1 t ! ,papacy is no o!r ?an ! gho/ ( ! deceas$ ,roman empire1 sitt+ cr[n$ ^u ! grave !re(4 ,= s did ! ,papacy />t up on a sudd5 out ( ! ru9s ( t hea!n p[]4 ,! language also1 :i* !y use1 bo? 9 ! *ur*es1 & 9 _! public acts1 be+ ,lat91 :i* is n commonly us$ by any nation n[ 9 ! _w1 :at is x b ! gho/ ( ! old ,roman language8 ,! fairies 9 :at nation soev] !y conv]se1 h b "o univ]sal k+1 :i* "s poets ( ours call ,k+ ,ob]on2 b ! ,scripture calls ,beelzebub1 pr9ce ( demons4 ,! ecclesia/ics likewise1 9 ^: dom9ions soev] !y be f\nd1 ackn[l$ge b "o univ]sal k+1 ! ,pope4 ,! ecclesia/ics are spiritual m51 & gho/ly fa!rs4 ,! fairies are spirits1 & gho/s4 ,fairies & gho/s inhabit d>kness1 solitudes1 & graves4 ,! ecclesia/ics walk 9 obscurity ( doctr9e1 9 mona/]ies1 *ur*es1 & *ur*-y>ds4 ,! ecclesia/ics h _! ca!dral *ur*es1 :i*1 9 :at t[n soev] !y be erect$1 by virtue ( holy wat]1 & c]ta9 *>ms call$ exorcisms1 h ! p[] to make ^? t[ns1 cities1 t is to say1 seats ( empire4 ,! fairies also h _! en*ant$ ca/les1 & c]ta9 gigantic gho/s1 t dom9e] ov] ! regions r\nd ab\t !m4 ,! fairies are n to be seiz$ on2 & br\ght to answ] = ! hurt !y d4 ,s also ! ecclesia/ics vani% away f ! tribunals ( civil ju/ice4 ,! ecclesia/ics take f "y m5 ! use ( reason1 by c]ta9 *>ms comp\nd$ ( metaphysics1 & miracles1 & traditions1 & abus$ ,scripture1 :]eby !y are good = no?+ else1 b to execute :at !y comm& !m4 ,! fairies likewise are said to take "y *ildr5 out ( _! cradles1 & to *ange !m into natural fools1 :i* common p d !re=e call elves1 & are apt to mis*ief4 ,9 :at %op1 or op]atory ! fairies make _! en*antm5t1 ! old wives h n det]m9$4 ,b ! op]atories ( ! cl]gy are well en\gh kn[n to be ! univ]sities1 t receiv$ _! discipl9e f au?ority pontificial4 ,:5 ! fairies are displeas$ ) any body1 !y are said to s5d _! elves1 to p9* !m4 ,! ecclesia/ics1 :5 !y are displeas$ ) any civil /ate1 make also _! elves1 t is1 sup]/iti\s1 en*ant$ subjects1 to p9* _! pr9ces1 by prea*+ s$ition2 or "o pr9ce en*ant$ ) promises1 to p9* ano!r4 ,! fairies m>ry n2 b !re be among/ !m incubi1 t h copulation ) fle% & blood4 ,! prie/s also m>ry n4 ,! ecclesia/ics take ! cream ( ! l&1 by donations ( ignorant m51 t /& 9 awe ( !m1 & by ti!s4 ,s also x is 9 ! fable ( fairies1 t !y ent] into ! dairies1 & fea/ ^u ! cream1 :i* !y skim f ! milk4 ,:at k9d ( money is curr5t 9 ! k+dom ( fairies1 is n record$ 9 ! /ory4 ,b ! ecclesia/ics 9 _! receipts accept ( ! same money t we d2 ?\gh :5 !y are to make any paym5t1 x is 9 canonizations1 indulg5cies1 & masses4 ,to ?is1 & su* l resemblances betwe5 ! papacy1 & ! k+dom ( fairies1 may be add$ ?is1 t z ! fairies h no exi/5ce1 b 9 ! fancies ( ignorant p1 ris+ f ! traditions ( old wives1 or old poets3 s ! spiritual p[] ( ! ,pope1 )\t ! b\nds ( 8 own civil dom9ion1 consi/e? only 9 ! fe> t s$uc$ p /& 91 ( _! excommunications2 ^u he>+ ( false miracles1 false traditions1 & false int]pretations ( ! ,scripture4 ,x 0 n !re=e a v difficult matt]1 = ,h5ry ,,viii by 8 exorcism2 nor = que5 ,elizabe? by h]s1 to ca/ !m out4 ,b :o kn[s t ?is _s ( ,rome1 n[ gone out1 & walk+ by missions ?r\gh ! dry places ( ,*9a1 ,japan1 & ! ,indies1 t yield him little fruit1 may n return1 or r an assembly ( spirits worse ?an he1 ent]1 & inhabit ?is clean swept h\se1 & make ! end !re( worse ?an ! beg9n+8 ,= x is n ! ,roman cl]gy only1 t pret5ds ! k+dom ( ,god to be ( ?is _w1 & !reby to h a p[] !re91 di/9ct f t ( ! civil /ate4 ,& ?is is all ,i _h a design to say1 conc]n+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,,politics4 ,:i* :5 ,i h review$1 ,i %all will+ly expose x to ! c5sure ( my c\ntry4 ,a ,,review1 ,,& ,,conclusion4 ,sid5ote3 ,review1 & conclusion4 ,f ! contr>iety ( "s ( ! natural faculties ( ! m9d1 "o to ano!r1 z also ( "o passion to ano!r1 & f _! ref]5ce to conv]sation1 !re has be5 an argum5t tak51 to inf] an impossibility t any "o man %\ld be suffici5tly dispos$ to all sorts ( civil duty4 ,! sev]ity ( judgm5t1 !y say1 makes m5 c5sori\s1 & unapt to p>don ! errors & infirmities ( o!r m53 & on ! o!r side1 cel]ity ( fancy1 makes ! ?\ghts less /eady ?an is necess>y1 to disc]n exactly betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,aga91 9 all delib]ations1 & 9 all plead+s1 ! faculty ( solid reason+ is necess>y3 = )\t x1 ! resolutions ( m5 are ra%1 & _! s5t5ces unju/3 & yet if !re be n p[]ful eloqu5ce1 :i* procure? att5tion & cons5t1 ! effect ( reason w be little4 ,b ^! are contr>y faculties2 ! =m] be+ gr\nd$ ^u pr9ciples ( tru?2 ! o!r ^u op9ions already receiv$1 true or false2 & ^u ! passions & int]e/s ( m51 :i* are diff]5t1 & mutable4 ,& among/ ! passions1 c\rage1 7by :i* ,i mean ! contempt ( w\nds1 & viol5t dea?7 incl9e? m5 to private rev5ges1 & sometimes to endeav\r ! unsettl+ ( ! public peace3 & timor\sness1 _m times dispose? to ! des]tion ( ! public def5ce4 ,bo? ^!1 !y say1 _c /& toge!r 9 ! same p]son4 ,& to consid] ! contr>iety ( m5's op9ions1 & mann]s1 9 g5]al1 x is1 !y say1 impossible to ent]ta9 a con/ant civil amity ) all ^?1 ) :om ! bus9ess ( ! _w con/ra9s u to conv]se3 :i* bus9ess consi/e? almo/ 9 no?+ else b a p]petual cont5tion = hon\r1 ri*es1 & au?ority4 ,to :i* ,i answ]1 t ^! are inde$ great difficulties1 b n impossibilities3 = by education1 & discipl9e1 !y may be1 & are sometimes reconcil$4 ,judgm5t & fancy may h place 9 ! same man2 b by turns2 z ! end :i* he aime? at require?4 ,z ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt1 7 sometimes fa/5$ to _! lab\r ( mak+ bricks1 & o!r times 7 rang+ abroad to ga!r /raw3 s also may ! judgm5t sometimes be fix$ ^u "o c]ta9 consid]ation1 & ! fancy at ano!r "t w&]+ ab\t ! _w4 ,s also reason1 & eloqu5ce1 ?\gh n p]haps 9 ! natural sci5ces1 yet1 9 ! moral1 may /& v well toge!r4 ,= :]esoev] !re is place = adorn+ & pref]r+ ( error1 !re is mu* m place = adorn+ & pref]r+ ( tru?1 if !y h x to adorn4 ,nor is !re any repugnancy betwe5 fe>+ ! laws1 & n fe>+ a public enemy2 nor betwe5 ab/a9+ f injury1 & p>don+ x 9 o!rs4 ,!re is !re=e no su* inconsi/5ce ( human nature1 ) civil duties1 z "s ?9k4 ,i h kn[n cle>ness ( judgm5t1 & l>g5ess ( fancy2 /r5g? ( reason1 & graceful elocution2 a c\rage = ! w>1 & a fe> = ! laws1 & all em95tly 9 "o man2 & t 0 my mo/ noble & hon\r$ fri5d1 ,mr4 ,sidney ,godolph92 :o hat+ no man1 nor hat$ ( any1 0 un=tunately sla9 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! late civil w>1 9 ! public qu>rel1 by an undisc]n$ & an undisc]n+ h&4 ,to ! ,laws ( ,nature1 decl>$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xv41 ,i w\ld h ?is add$1 t e man is b\nd by nature1 z mu* z 9 him lie?1 to protect 9 w> ! au?ority1 by :i* he is himself protect$ 9 "t ( peace4 ,= he t pret5de? a "r ( nature to pres]ve 8 own body1 _c pret5d a "r ( nature to de/roy him1 by ^: /r5g? he is pres]v$3 x is a manife/ contradiction ( himself4 ,& ?\gh ?is law may be drawn by consequ5ce1 f "s ( ^? t are !re already m5tion$2 yet ! times require to h x inculcat$1 & rememb]$4 ,& because ,i f9d by div]s ,engli% books lately pr9t$1 t ! civil w>s h n yet suffici5tly taught m5 9 :at po9t ( "t x is1 t a subject becomes oblig$ to ! conqu]or2 nor :at is conque/2 nor h[ x comes ab\t1 t x obliges m5 to obey 8 laws3 !re=e = fur!r satisfaction ( m5 !re91 ,i say1 ! po9t ( "t1 :]e9 a man becomes subject to a conqu]or1 is t po9t1 :]e9 hav+ lib]ty to submit to him1 he cons5te?1 ei!r by express words1 or by o!r suffici5t sign1 to be 8 subject4 ,:5 x is t a man ha? ! lib]ty to submit1 ,i h %[$ be=e 9 ! end ( ,*apt] ,,xxi42 namely1 t = him t ha? no obligation to 8 =m] sov]eign b t ( an ord9>y subject1 x is !n1 :5 ! means ( 8 life are )9 ! gu>ds & g>risons ( ! enemy2 = x is !n1 t he ha? no long] protection f him1 b is protect$ by ! adv]se p>ty = 8 contribution4 ,see+ !re=e su* contribution is e :]e1 z a ?+ inevitable1 not)/&+ x be an assi/ance to ! enemy1 e/eem$ lawful2 a total submission1 :i* is b an assi/ance to ! enemy1 _c be e/eem$ unlawful4 ,besides1 if a man consid] t !y :o submit1 assi/ ! enemy b ) "p ( _! e/ates1 :]eas !y t refuse1 assi/ him ) ! :ole1 !re is no reason to call _! submission1 or composition1 an assi/ance2 b r a detrim5t to ! enemy4 ,b if a man1 besides ! obligation ( a subject1 ha? tak5 ^u him a new obligation ( a soldi]1 !n he ha? n ! lib]ty to submit to a new p[]1 z long z ! old "o keeps ! field1 & give? him means ( subsi/5ce1 ei!r 9 8 armies1 or g>risons3 = 9 ?is case1 he _c compla9 ( want ( protection1 & means to live z a soldi]4 ,b :5 t also fails1 a soldi] also may seek 8 protection :]esoev] he has mo/ hope to h x2 & may lawfully submit himself to 8 new ma/]4 ,& s mu* = ! "t :5 he may d x lawfully1 if he w4 ,if !re=e he d x1 he is und\bt$ly b\nd to be a true subject3 = a contract lawfully made1 _c lawfully be brok54 ,by ?is also a man may und]/&1 :5 x is1 t m5 may be said to be conqu]$2 & 9 :at ! nature ( conque/1 & ! "r ( a conqu]or consi/e?3 = ?is submission 9 itself implie? !m all4 ,conque/1 is n ! victory itself2 b ! acquisition1 by victory1 ( a "r ov] ! p]sons ( m54 ,he !re=e t is sla91 is ov]come1 b n conqu]$3 he t is tak51 & put into prison1 or *a9s1 is n conqu]$1 ?\gh ov]come2 = he is /ill an enemy1 & may save himself if he c3 b he t ^u promise ( ob$i5ce1 ha? 8 life & lib]ty all[$ him1 is !n conqu]$1 & a subject2 & n be=e4 ,! ,romans us$ to say1 t _! g5]al _h pacifi$ su* a prov9ce1 t is to say1 9 ,engli%1 conqu]$ x2 & t ! c\ntry 0 pacifi$ by victory1 :5 ! p ( x _h promis$ imp]ata fac]e1 t is1 to d :at ! ,roman p comm&$ !m3 ?is 0 to be conqu]$4 ,b ?is promise may be ei!r express1 or tacit3 express1 by promise3 tacit1 by o!r signs4 ,z = example1 a man t ha? n be5 call$ to make su* an express promise1 because he is "o ^: p[] p]haps is n consid]able2 yet if he live "u _! protection op5ly1 he is und]/ood to submit himself to ! gov]nm5t3 b if he live !re secretly1 he is liable to any?+ t may be done to a spy1 & enemy ( ! /ate4 ,i say n1 he does any inju/ice2 = acts ( op5 ho/ility be> n t "n2 b t he may be ju/ly put to dea?4 ,likewise1 if a man1 :5 8 c\ntry is conqu]$1 be out ( x1 he is n conqu]$1 nor subject3 b if at 8 return1 he submit to ! gov]nm5t1 he is b\nd to obey x4 ,s t conque/1 to def9e x1 is ! acquir+ ( ! "r ( sov]eignty by victory4 ,:i* "r1 is acquir$ 9 ! p's submission1 by :i* !y contract ) ! victor1 promis+ ob$i5ce1 = life & lib]ty4 ,9 ,*apt] ,,xxix41 ,i h set d[n = "o ( ! causes ( ! dissolutions ( commonweal?s1 _! imp]fect g5]ation1 consi/+ 9 ! want ( an absolute & arbitr>y legislative p[]2 = want :]e(1 ! civil sov]eign is fa9 to h&le ! sword ( ju/ice uncon/antly1 & z if x 7 too hot = him to hold4 ,"o reason :]e(1 :i* ,i h n !re m5tion$1 is ?is1 t !y w all ( !m ju/ify ! w>1 by :i* _! p[] 0 at fir/ gott51 & :]eon1 z !y ?9k1 _! "r dep5de?1 & n on ! possession4 ,z if1 = example1 ! "r ( ! k+s ( ,engl& did dep5d on ! goodness ( ! cause ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 & ^u _! l9eal1 & directe/ desc5t f him2 by :i* means1 !re w\ld p]haps be no tie ( ! subjects' ob$i5ce to _! sov]eign at ?is day 9 all ! _w3 :]e9 :il/ !y ne$lessly ?9k to ju/ify !mselves1 !y ju/ify all ! successful rebellions t ambition %all at any "t raise aga9/ !m1 & _! successors4 ,!re=e ,i put d[n = "o ( ! mo/ effectual se$s ( ! dea? ( any /ate1 t ! conqu]ors require n only a submission ( m5's actions to !m = ! future1 b also an approbation ( all _! actions pa/2 :5 !re is sc>ce a commonweal? 9 ! _w1 ^: beg9n+s c 9 consci5ce be ju/ifi$4 ,& because ! "n ( tyranny1 signifie? no?+ m1 nor less1 ?an ! "n ( sov]eignty1 be x 9 "o1 or _m m51 sav+ t !y t use ! =m] ^w1 are und]/ood to be angry ) !m !y call tyrants2 ,i ?9k ! tol]ation ( a pr(ess$ hatr$ ( tyranny1 is a tol]ation ( hatr$ to commonweal? 9 g5]al1 & ano!r evil se$1 n diff]+ mu* f ! =m]4 ,= to ! ju/ification ( ! cause ( a conqu]or1 ! reproa* ( ! cause ( ! conqu]$1 is = ! mo/ "p necess>y3 b nei!r ( !m necess>y = ! obligation ( ! conqu]$4 ,& ?us mu* ,i h ?\ght fit to say ^u ! review ( ! fir/ & second "p ( ?is disc\rse4 ,9 ,*apt] ,,xxxv41 ,i h suffici5tly decl>$ out ( ! ,scripture1 t 9 ! commonweal? ( ! ,jews1 ,god himself 0 made ! sov]eign1 by pact ) ! p2 :o 7 !re=e call$ 8 peculi> p1 to di/+ui% !m f ! re/ ( ! _w1 ov] :om ,god reign$ n by _! cons5t1 b by 8 own p[]3 & t 9 ?is k+dom ,moses 0 ,god's lieut5ant on e>?2 & t x 0 he t told !m :at laws ,god appo9t$ !m to be rul$ by4 ,b ,i h omitt$ to set d[n :o 7 ! (fic]s appo9t$ to d execution2 especially 9 capital puni%m5ts2 n !n ?9k+ x a matt] ( s necess>y consid]ation1 z ,i f9d x s9ce4 ,we "k t g5]ally 9 all commonweal?s1 ! execution ( corporal puni%m5ts1 0 ei!r put ^u ! gu>ds1 or o!r soldi]s ( ! sov]eign p[]2 or giv5 to ^?1 9 :om want ( means1 contempt ( hon\r1 & h>dness ( he>t1 concurr$1 to make !m sue = su* an (fice4 ,b among/ ! ,israelites x 0 a positive law ( ,god _! sov]eign1 t he t 0 convict$ ( a capital crime1 %\ld be /on$ to dea? by ! p2 & t ! witnesses %\ld ca/ ! fir/ /one1 & aft] ! witnesses1 !n ! re/ ( ! p4 ,?is 0 a law t design$ :o 7 to be ! execution]s2 b n t any "o %\ld ?r[ a /one at him be=e conviction & s5t5ce1 :]e ! congregation 0 judge4 ,! witnesses 7 nev]!less to be he>d be=e !y proce$$ to execution1 unless ! fact 7 committ$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! congregation itself1 or 9 sight ( ! lawful judges2 = !n !re ne$$ no o!r witnesses b ! judges !mselves4 ,nev]!less1 ?is mann] ( proce$+ be+ n ?or\ghly und]/ood1 ha? giv5 occasion to a dang]\s op9ion1 t any man may kill ano!r1 9 "s cases1 by a "r ( zeal2 z if ! executions done ^u (f5d]s 9 ! k+dom ( ,god 9 old "t1 proce$$ n f ! sov]eign comm&1 b f ! au?ority ( private zeal3 :i*1 if we consid] ! texts t seem to fav\r x1 is q contr>y4 ,fir/1 :]e ! ,levites fell ^u ! p1 t _h made & wor%ipp$ ! ,gold5 ,calf1 & slew ?ree ?\s& ( !m2 x 0 by ! comm&m5t ( ,moses1 f ! m\? ( ,god2 z is manife/1 ,exod4 xxxii4 #bg4 ,& :5 ! son ( a woman ( ,israel _h blasphem$ ,god1 !y t he>d x1 did n kill him1 b br\ght him be=e ,moses1 :o put him "u cu/ody1 till ,god %\ld give s5t5ce aga9/ him2 z appe>s1 ,levit4 xxiv4 #aa1 #ab4 ,aga91 7,numb4 xxv4 #f1 #g71 :5 ,ph9ehas kill$ ,zimri & ,cosbi1 x 0 n by "r ( private zeal3 _! crime 0 committ$ 9 ! sight ( ! assembly2 !re ne$$ no witness2 ! law 0 kn[n1 & he ! heir-app>5t to ! sov]eignty2 &1 :i* is ! pr9cipal po9t1 ! lawfulness ( 8 act dep5d$ :olly ^u a subsequ5t ratification by ,moses1 :]e( he _h no cause to d\bt4 ,& ?is presumption ( a future ratification1 is sometimes necess>y to ! safety ( a commonweal?2 z 9 a sudd5 rebellion1 any man t c suppress x by 8 own p[] 9 ! c\ntry :]e x beg9s1 )\t express law or commission1 may lawfully d x1 & provide to h x ratifi$1 or p>don$1 :il/ x is 9 do+1 or aft] x is done4 ,also ,numb4 xxxv4 #cj1 x is expressly said1 ,:osoev] %all kill ! murd]]1 %all kill him ^u ! ^w ( witnesses3 b witnesses suppose a =mal judicature1 & consequ5tly condemn t pret5ce ( jus zelot>um4 ,! law ( ,moses conc]n+ him t entice? to idolatry1 t is to say1 9 ! k+dom ( ,god to a r5\nc+ ( 8 allegiance1 7,deut4 xiii4 #h1 #i71 =bids to conceal him1 & comm&s ! accus] to cause him to be put to dea?1 & to ca/ ! fir/ /one at him2 b n to kill him be=e he be condemn$4 ,& 7,deut4 xvii4 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g71 ! process aga9/ idolatry is exactly set d[n3 = ,god !re speake? to ! p1 z judge1 & comm&e? !m1 :5 a man is accus$ ( idolatry1 to enquire dilig5tly ( ! fact1 & f9d+ x true1 !n to /one him2 b /ill ! h& ( ! witness ?r[e? ! fir/ /one4 ,?is is n private zeal1 b public condemnation4 ,9 l mann] :5 a fa!r ha? a rebelli\s son1 ! law is1 7,deut4 xxi4 #ah-ba71 t he %all br+ him be=e ! judges ( ! t[n1 & all ! p ( ! t[n %all /one him4 ,la/ly1 by pret5ce ( ^! laws x 01 t ,/4 ,/eph5 0 /on$1 & n by pret5ce ( private zeal3 = be=e he 0 c>ri$ away to execution1 he _h plead$ 8 cause be=e ! high-prie/4 ,!re is no?+ 9 all ?is1 nor 9 any o!r "p ( ! ,bible1 to c\nt5ance executions by private zeal2 :i* be+ (t5times b a conjunction ( ignorance & passion1 is aga9/ bo? ! ju/ice & peace ( a commonweal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,review1 & conclusion4 ,9 *apt] ,,xxxvi41 ,i h said1 t x is n decl>$ 9 :at mann] ,god spake sup]naturally to ,moses3 nor t he spake n to him sometimes by dreams & visions1 & by a sup]natural voice1 z to o!r prophets3 = ! mann] h[ he spake unto him f ! m]cy-seat1 is expressly set d[n1 ,numb]s vii4 #hi1 9 ^! words1 ,f t "t =w>d1 :5 ,moses ent]$ into ! ,tab]nacle ( ! congregation to speak ) ,god1 he he>d a voice :i* spake unto him f ov] ! m]cy-seat1 :i* is ov] ! ,ark ( ! te/imony2 f betwe5 ! *]ubims he spake unto him4 ,b x is n decl>$ 9 :at consi/e? ! preem95ce ( ! mann] ( ,god's speak+ to ,moses1 above t ( 8 speak+ to o!r prophets1 z to ,samuel1 & to ,abraham1 to :om he also spake by a voice1 7t is1 by vision71 unless ! diff]5ce consi/ 9 ! cle>ness ( ! vision4 ,= face to face1 & m\? to m\?1 _c be lit]ally und]/ood ( ! inf9it5ess1 & incompreh5sibility ( ! ,div9e nature4 ,& z to ! :ole doctr9e1 ,i see n yet1 b ! pr9ciples ( x are true & prop]2 & ! ratioc9ation solid4 ,= ,i gr\nd ! civil "r ( sov]eigns1 & bo? ! duty & lib]ty ( subjects1 ^u ! kn[n natural incl9ations ( mank9d1 & ^u ! articles ( ! law ( nature2 ( :i* no man1 t pret5ds b reason en\gh to gov]n 8 private family1 ought to be ignorant4 ,& = ! p[] ecclesia/ical ( ! same sov]eigns1 ,i gr\nd x on su* texts1 z are bo? evid5t 9 !mselves1 & consonant to ! scope ( ! :ole ,scripture4 ,& !re=e am p]suad$1 t he t %all read x ) a purpose only to be in=m$1 %all be in=m$ by x4 ,b = ^? t by writ+1 or public disc\rse1 or by _! em95t actions1 h already engag$ !mselves to ! ma9ta9+ ( contr>y op9ions1 !y w n be s easily satisfi$4 ,= 9 su* cases1 x is natural = m51 at "o & ! same "t1 bo? to proce$ 9 read+1 & to lose _! att5tion1 9 ! se>* ( objections to t !y _h read be=e4 ,( :i* 9 a "t :]e9 ! int]e/s ( m5 are *ang$1 7see+ mu* ( t doctr9e1 :i* s]ve? to ! e/abli%+ ( a new gov]nm5t1 mu/ ne$s be contr>y to t :i* conduc$ to ! dissolution ( ! old71 !re _c *oose b be v _m4 ,9 t "p :i* treate? ( a ,*ri/ian commonweal?1 !re are "s new doctr9es1 :i*1 x may be1 9 a /ate :]e ! contr>y 7 already fully det]m9$1 7 a fault = a subject )\t leave to divulge1 z be+ an usurpation ( ! place ( a tea*]4 ,b 9 ?is "t1 t m5 call n only = peace1 b also = tru?1 to (f] su* doctr9es z ,i ?9k true1 & t manife/ly t5d to peace & loyalty1 to ! consid]ation ( ^? t are yet 9 delib]ation1 is no m1 b to (f] new w9e1 to be put into new casks1 t bo? may be pres]v$ toge!r4 ,& ,i suppose1 t !n1 :5 novelty c bre$ no tr\ble nor disord] 9 a /ate1 m5 are n g5]ally s mu* incl9$ to ! rev]5ce ( antiquity1 z to pref] anci5t errors1 be=e new & well-prov$ tru?4 ,!re is no?+ ,i di/ru/ m ?an my elocution1 :i* nev]!less ,i am confid5t1 except+ ! mis*ances ( ! press1 is n obscure4 ,t ,i h neglect$ ! ornam5t ( quot+ anci5t poets1 orators1 & philosoph]s1 contr>y to ! cu/om ( late "t1 :e!r ,i h done well or ill 9 x1 proce$e? f my judgm5t1 gr\nd$ on _m reasons4 ,= fir/1 all tru? ( doctr9e dep5de? ei!r ^u reason1 or ^u ,scripture2 bo? :i* give cr$it to _m1 b nev] receive x f any writ]4 ,secondly1 ! matt]s 9 "q are n ( fact1 b ( "r1 :]e9 !re is no place = witnesses4 ,!re is sc>ce any ( ^? old writ]s1 t contradicte? n sometimes bo? himself & o!rs2 :i* makes _! te/imonies insuffici5t4 ,f\r?ly1 su* op9ions z are tak5 only ^u cr$it ( antiquity1 are n intr9sically ! judgm5t ( ^? t cite !m1 b words t pass1 l gap+1 f m\? to m\?4 ,fif?ly1 x is _m times ) a fraudul5t design t m5 /ick _! corrupt doctr9e ) ! cloves ( o!r m5's wit4 ,six?ly1 ,i f9d n t ! anci5ts !y cite1 took x = an ornam5t1 to d ! l ) ^? t wrote be=e !m4 ,sev5?ly1 x is an argum5t ( indige/ion1 :5 ,greek & ,lat9 s5t5ces un*ew$ come up aga91 z !y use to d1 un*ang$4 ,la/ly1 ?\gh ,i rev]5ce ^? m5 ( anci5t "t1 t ei!r h writt5 tru? p]spicu\sly1 or set u 9 a bett] way to f9d x out ourselves2 yet to ! antiquity itself ,i ?9k no?+ due4 ,= if we w rev]5ce ! age1 ! pres5t is ! olde/4 ,if ! antiquity ( ! writ]1 ,i am n sure1 t g5]ally !y to :om su* hon\r is giv51 7 m anci5t :5 !y wrote1 ?an ,i am t am writ+4 ,b if x be well consid]$1 ! praise ( anci5t au?ors1 proce$s n f ! rev]5ce ( ! dead1 b f ! competition1 & mutual envy ( ! liv+4 ,sid5ote3 ,review1 & conclusion4 ,to conclude1 !re is no?+ 9 ?is :ole disc\rse1 nor 9 t ,i writ be=e ( ! same subject 9 ,lat91 z f> z ,i c p]ceive1 contr>y ei!r to ! ,^w ( ,god1 or to good mann]s2 or to ! di/urbance ( ! public tranquillity4 ,!re=e ,i ?9k x may be pr(itably pr9t$1 & m pr(itably taught 9 ! ,univ]sities1 9 case !y also ?9k s1 to :om ! judgm5t ( ! same belonge?4 ,= see+ ! ,univ]sities are ! f\nta9s ( civil & moral doctr9e1 f :5ce ! prea*]s1 & ! g5try1 draw+ su* wat] z !y f9d1 use to spr9kle ! same 7bo? f ! pulpit & 9 _! conv]sation71 ^u ! p1 !re ought c]ta9ly to be great c>e tak51 to h x pure1 bo? f ! v5om ( hea!n politicians1 & f ! incantation ( deceiv+ spirits4 ,& by t means ! mo/ m51 kn[+ _! duties1 w be ! less subject to s]ve ! ambition ( a few discont5t$ p]sons1 9 _! purposes aga9/ ! /ate2 & be ! less griev$ ) ! contributions necess>y = _! peace1 & def5ce2 & ! gov]nors !mselves h ! less cause1 to ma9ta9 at ! common *>ge any great] army1 ?an is necess>y to make good ! public lib]ty1 aga9/ ! invasions & encroa*m5ts ( =eign enemies4 ,& ?us ,i h br\ght to an end my ,disc\rse ( ,civil & ,ecclesia/ical ,gov]nm5t1 occasion$ by ! disord]s ( ! pres5t "t1 )\t p>tiality1 )\t application1 & )\t o!r design ?an to set be=e m5's eyes ! mutual relation betwe5 protection & ob$i5ce2 ( :i* ! condition ( human nature1 & ! laws div9e1 bo? natural & positive1 require an inviolable obs]vation4 ,& ?\gh 9 ! revolution ( /ates1 !re c be no v good con/ellation = tru?s ( ?is nature to be born "u1 7z hav+ an angry aspect f ! dissolv]s ( an old gov]nm5t1 & see+ b ! backs ( !m t erect a new71 yet ,i _c ?9k x w be condemn$ at ?is "t1 ei!r by ! public judge ( doctr9e1 or by any t desires ! cont9uance ( public peace4 ,& 9 ?is hope ,i return to my int]rupt$ speculation ( bodies natural2 :]e91 if ,god give me heal? to f9i% x1 ,i hope ! novelty w z mu* please1 z 9 ! doctr9e ( ?is artificial body x use? to (f5d4 ,= su* tru?1 z oppose? no man's pr(it1 nor pleasure1 is to all m5 welcome4 ,,f9is4 ,c4 ,,ri*>ds1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,lane4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,books ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,john ,,bohn4 --- ,,! ,,engli% ,,works ,,( ,,?omas ,,hobbes1 ,,( ,,malmesbury1 ,,n[ ,,fir/ ,,collect$ ,,& ,,edit$ ,,by ,,sir ,,william ,,moleswor?1 ,,b>t4 ,m4 ,p4 ,,vol ,i4 ,,conta9+ ,,logic3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,gr\nds ,,( ,,philosophy3 ,,! ,,proportions ,,( ,,motions ,,& ,,magnitudes3 ,,& ,,physics1 ,,or ,,! ,,ph5om5a ,,( ,,nature3 --- ,,also1 ,,?om ,,hobbes1 ,,malmesburi5sis ,,op]a ,,philosophica1 ,,qu ,,lat9e ,,scripsit1 ,,omnia4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,quo ,,cont95tur ,,auctoris ,,vita3 ,,et ,,elem5torum ,,philosophi4 ,,sectio ,,prima1 ,,de ,,corpore4 8,! philosophical ,public are mu* indebt$ to ,,sir ,,william ,,moleswor? = ?is new edition40--,,spectator4 ------- ,,9 ,,! ,,press4 ,,field',s ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*2 ,a ,,new ,,edition1 ,,) ,,notes1 ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,john ,s4 ,,brew]4 --- ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,demo/h5es2 ,a ,,dramatic ,,poem2 ,,by ,,george ,,crok] ,,fox1 ,,esq4 --- ,,an ,,apology ,,= ,,ca!dral ,,s]vice4 --- ,,arrian ,,on ,,c\rs+4 ,translat$ f ! ,greek1 ) ,classical & ,practical ,annotations1 & a brief ,sket* ( ! ,life ( ! ,au?or4 ,to :i* is add$ an ,app5dix1 conta9+ "s ,acc\nt ( ! ,canes ,v5atici ( ,classical ,antiquity1 royal #hvo4 ) #bd embelli%m5ts f ! ,antique1 on ,india pap]1 extra bo>ds1 #al4 #aas4 #f;d4 ,,brydges' 7,,! ,,"r ,,hon4 ,,sir ,,h>=d ,,jones7 ,,works ,,on ,,p]sia4 ,! ,dyna/y ( ! ,kaj>s1 translat$ f ! orig9al ,p]sian ,manuscript pres5t$ by ,8 ,maje/y ,faty ,aly ,%ah to ,sir ,h>=d ,jones ,brydges1 ,b>t4 ,k4,c4 ,,lld4 late ,envoy ,extraord9>y & ,m9i/] ,pl5ipot5ti>y f 8 ,britannic ,maje/y to ! ,c\rt ( ,teh]an4 ,to :i* is prefix$1 a succ9ct ,acc\nt ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,p]sia previ\s to t ,p]iod1 #hvo4 ) frontispiece & #c maps1 bo>ds1 #al4 #ds4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,transactions ( ,8 ,maje/y's ,mission to ! ,c\rt ( ,p]sia 9 ! ,ye>s #ahjg-aa1 by ,sir ,h>=d ,jones ,brydges1 ,b>t4 ,to :i* is add$ a brief ,hi/ory ( ! ,wahauby1 #b vols4 #hvo4 plates1 bds4 #al4 #as4 ,,dansey',s 7,,rev4 ,,wm47 ,,"w ,,on ,,rural ,,deans4 ,hor ,decanic ,rurales1 be+ an ,attempt to illu/rate1 by a ,s]ies ( ,notes & ,extracts1 ! ,"n & ,title1 ! ,orig91 ,appo9tm5t1 & ,functions ( ,rural ,deans1 c4 #b vols4 #dto4 half-b\nd morocco1 uncut1 top edges gilt1 #al4 #aas4 #f;d4 ,ar*deacon ,godd>d1 9 8 rec5t *>ge1 /rongly recomm5ds ?is "w to ! att5tive p]usal ( e cl]gyman4 ,,higg9s' 7,,godfrey7 ,,celtic ,,druids2 ,or an ,attempt to %[ t ! ,druids 7 ! ,prie/s ( ,ori5tal ,colonies1 :o emigrat$ f ,india1 & 7 ! ,introduc]s ( ! fir/ or ,cadmean ,sy/em ( ,lett]s1 & ! ,build]s ( ,,/oneh5ge1 ( ,c>nac1 & ( o!r ,cyclopean ,works 9 ,asia & ,europe1 #dto4 map & num]\s plates1 bds4 #cl4 ,also1 by ! same ,au?or1 ,anacalypsis1 an ,attempt to draw aside ! ,veil ( ! ,saitic ,isis2 or an ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 ( ,languages1 ,nations & ,religions1 #b vols4 #dto4 plates1 bds4 #el4 ,,sewell',s 7,,rev4 ,,pr(essor7 ,,works3 ,essay on ! ,cultivation ( ! ,intellect1 by ! ,/udy ( ,dead ,languages1 cr[n #hvo4 canvas bo>ds1 #is4 ,hora ,philologica1 or ,conjectures ( ! ,/ructure ( ! ,greek ,language1 royal #hvo4 bo>ds1 #gs4 ,s]mons on ! ,application ( ,*ri/ianity to ! ,human ,he>t1 royal #hvo4 canvas bo>ds1 #abs4 ,p>o*ial ,s]mons1 #abmo4 bo>ds1 #es4 ,,taylor',s 7,,bp4 ,,j]emy7 ,,works1 ,) ,life by ,bp4 ,heb]1 #ae vols4 #hvo4 bds4 #gl4 #ags4 #f;d4 ,,!atre ,,( ,,! ,,greeks4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,pap]s relat+ to ! ,hi/ory & ,criticism ( ! ,greek ,drama1 #d? edition1 ) a new ,introduction & o!r ,alt]ations by ,j4 ,w4 ,donaldson1 #hvo4 bo>ds1 #aes4 ,,woodville',s 7,,dr4 ,,william7 ,,m$ical ,,botany2 ,,?ird ,,edition1 ,,mat]ially ,,enl>g$ ,,& ,,improv$ by ,pr(essor ,,sir ,,william ,,jackson ,,hook]1 ,,lld4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,l4,s4 c4 & ,g4 ,,spratt1 ,,esq4 #e vols4 #dto4 #caj plates1 engrav$ by ,s[]by & ,spratt1 bo>ds1 #el4 #aes4 #f;d4 or ) ! plates ,,f9ely ,,col\r$1 #hl44 ,! impression is limit$ to #bej copies4 ,a few ( ! additional volume h be5 tak5 (f sep>ately1 to accommodate ,subscrib]s to =m] editions1 price #bl4 #bs4 pla91 or #bl4 #abs4 #f;d4 col\r$4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note ,o!r errors deem$ mo/ likely to be ! pr9t]'s h be5 correct$1 & are not$ "h4 ,! ref]5ces are to ! page & l9e 9 ! orig9al4 #cd4g ,i zscribe to ! giv+ ( names ,remov$4 #cg4bg he t per_/ret5de? ! sci5ce ,transpos$4 #ff4bj to to take f ! _s ,remov$4 #ajh4f to *oose !m a k+ ,ins]t$4 #agh4bb or ari/rocracy ( ano!r commonweal? ,remov$4 #bag4cd ,= roo f_/pro( :]e( ,replac$4 #bdj4aa )t h_/ ?eir metropolis ,move space4 #cbc4c rights ( sovereignty ,ins]t$4 #cbc4d ,aga9/ ! ! duty ( a sov]eign ,remov$4 #che4bc ! brea? ( life 9spir$ by ,god ,ins]t$4 #djh4a 7,acts1 xiii4 #df7 ,remov$4 #dcj4bb 7z x is 9 v]se #e7 is #8said' 98 #ddg4ae _/ ,replac$4 #dic4ac holdi n_/+ firmly 9 8 he>t ,replac$4 #dig4a ,we h fir/ 7,mat?4 x4 #f1 #g17_/71 t ,transpos$8 #ebf4h any o!r ruler ,add$4 #ebg4aa ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,john apos _/tles ,re/or$4 #fja4be 7v]ses #aa1 #ab17_/71 ! judgm5t ,tranpos$4 #gjd4cd ,he !re=e t is sla9 ,add$4