,,on ,,! ,,improv$ ,,beet ,,root1 ,,or ,,mangel ,,wurzel4 ,,on ,,! ,,improv$ ,,beet ,,root1 ,,z ,,w9t] ,,food ,,= ,,cattle4 ,,by ,,p9d] ,,simpson4 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,edition4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,london3 ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,swan1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,,& ,,sold ,,by ,,taylor ,,& ,,hessey1 ,,no4 #ic1 ,,fleet ,,/reet4 #ahae4 ,,to ,,john ,,heaton1 ,,esq4 ,,( ,,b$=ds1 ,,9 ,,! ,,c\nty ,,( ,,essex4 ,,z ,a ,,te/imony ,,( ,,gratitude ,,to ,,him1 ,,= ,,! ,,long ,,& ,,fai?ful ,,fri5d%ip ,,) ,,:i* ,,! ,,au?or ,,has ,,be5 ,,hon\r$1 ,,?is ,,tract ,,is ,,inscrib$1 ,,by ,,8 ,,affectionate ,,& ,,ob$i5t ,,s]vant1 ,,p9d] ,,simpson4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,! foll[+ obs]vations1 exp]im5ts1 & calculations h be5 made ^u ! crops ( ,improv$ ,beet ,root1 gr[n ^u a f>m at ,b$=ds1 9 ! c\nty ( ,essex1 conta9+ #fjj acres1 belong+ to ,john ,heaton1 ,esq4 & 9 8 own occupation4 ,! be/ mode ( cultivat+ ?is valuable root1 ) ! greate/ prospect ( success1 is a subject well wor? ! att5tion ( f>m]s 9 g5]al1 & to ^? 9 p>ticul> :o h /rong soils to cultivate1 & feel ! want ( gre5 food = _! cattle & %eep 9 ! w9t] & spr+ mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,s9ce ! fir/ edition ( ?is little "w 0 publi%$1 ! ,au?or has obta9$ _m new lights ^u ! subject1 :i* he has ei!r embodi$ 9 ! pres5t edition1 or publi%$ 9 an ,app5dix4 ,! cont5ts %[ suffici5tly to :om 8 pr9cipal obligation is due1 & he is re/ra9$ only by motives ( delicacy f say+ m4 ,! circulation ( ! "w 0 int5d$ to h be5 *iefly conf9$ to a few ( ! inl& c\nties1 b ! enc\ragem5t ! ,au?or has receiv$1 & :i* he respectfully ackn[l$ges1 has induc$ him to publi% a f\r? edition1 = m g5]al circulation4 ,*eese ,cross1 ,rom=d4 ,jan4 #a1 #ahae4 ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,noblem51 ,,g5tlem51 ,,& ,,f>m]s1 ,,h ,,enc\rag$ ,,?is ,,publication4 ,! ,mo/ ,hon4 ! ,m>quis ( ,ba?1 ,longleat1 ,wilts4 ,! ,"r ,hon4 ,"l ,william ,b5t9ck1 ,nor? ,lynn1 ,norfolk4 ,! ,"r ,hon4 ,"l ,brad=d1 ,we/on ,hall1 ,/af=d%ire4 ,george ,ba9bridge1 ,esq4 ,gobions1 ,essex4 ,h5ry ,b[man1 ,esq4 ,knock9 ,hall1 ,%rop%ire4 ,mr4 ,john ,bailey1 ,*ill+ham1 ,nor?umb]l&4 ,mr4 ,william ,blake1 ,ril/on1 ,york%ire4 ,! ,"r ,hon4 ,"l ,g4 ,h4 ,cav5di%1 ,holk] ,hall1 ,lanca%ire4 ,! ,"r ,hon4 ,r4 ,p4 ,c>ew1 ,m4,p4 ,antony1 ,cornwall4 ,*>les ,cav5di%1 ,esq4 ,savile ,r[1 ,london4 ,john ,cotes1 ,esq4 ,m4,p4 ,woodcote1 ,%rop%ire4 ,! ,rev4 ,william ,c>r1 ,bolton ,abbey1 ,york%ire4 ,! ,rev4 ,wm4 ,cr(ts1 ,nor? ,grim/on1 ,york%ire4 ,john ,c>r1 ,esq4 ,skipton1 ,york%ire4 ,*>les ,cole1 ,esq4 ,pa/on1 ,nor?ampton%ire4 ,james ,campbell1 ,esq4 ,:itton ,dean1 ,middlesex4 ,*>les ,campbell1 ,esq4 ,edmonton1 ,middlesex4 ,mr4 ,t4 ,cl>ke1 ,kirkby ,h>dwick1 ,nott+ham%ire4 ,mr4 ,john ,*>lton1 ,bolton1 ,lanca%ire4 ,8 ,grace ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire1 ,*atswor?1 ,d]by%ire4 ,john ,d5ison1 ,esq4 ,oss+ton1 ,nott+ham%ire4 ,a4 ,p4 ,driv]1 ,esq4 ,k5t ,road1 ,surrey4 ,edw>d ,driv]1 ,esq4 ditto4 ,john ,elsee1 ,esq4 ,*igwell ,r[1 ,essex4 ,! ,"r ,hon4 ,e>l ,fitzwilliam1 ,w5twor?1 ,york%ire4 ,ralph ,flet*]1 ,esq4 ,holl9s1 ,lanca%ire4 ,! ,"r ,hon\rable ,"l ,gran?am1 ,newby ,hall1 ,york%ire4 ,e4 ,s4 ,godfrey1 ,esq4 ,new>k1 ,nott+ham%ire4 ,! ,"r ,hon4 ! ,e>l ( ,h>dwicke1 ,wimpole1 ,cambridge%ire4 ,sir ,w9dsor ,hunloke1 ,b>t4 ,w+]wor?1 ,d]bys4 ,john ,heaton1 ,esq4 ,b$=ds1 ,essex4 ,*>les ,heaton1 ,esq4 ,burl+ton ,/reet1 ,london4 ,william ,hewson1 ,esq4 ,hav]+ ,grange1 ,essex4 ,c4 ,n4 ,ha/ie1 ,esq4 ,ea/ ,gr9/ead1 ,sussex4 ,philip ,heacock1 ,esq4 ,buxton1 ,d]by%ire4 ,samuel ,hicks1 ,esq4 ,wyddial1 ,h]t=d%ire4 ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,hudson1 ,plai/[e1 ,essex4 ,*>les ,j]vis1 ,esq4 ,h9ckley1 ,leice/]%ire4 ,william ,jacobs1 ,esq4 ,hav]+1 ,essex4 ,! ,rev4 ,j4 ,k5dal1 ,b>r[by1 ,l9coln%ire4 ,?omas ,kn[lton1 ,esq4 ,ed5sor1 ,d]by%ire4 ,sir ,h4 ,t4 ,liddell1 ,b>t4 ,rav5swor? ,ca/le1 ,durham4 ,william ,j4 ,lockett1 ,esq4 ,d]by4 ,! ,"r ,hon\rable ,visc\nt ,milton1 ,milton1 ,nor?ampton%ire4 ,sir ,?omas ,mo/yn1 ,b>t4 ,mo/yn1 ,fl9t%ire1 ,a4 ,l4 ,mayn>d1 ,esq4 ,*e/]field1 ,d]by%ire4 ,john ,ma*ell1 ,esq4 ,l[ ,pla9s1 ,cumb]l&4 ,william ,morris1 ,esq4 ,hav]+1 ,essex4 ,mr4 ,william ,ma/]man1 ,hav]+1 ,essex4 ,sir ,ri*>d ,neave1 ,b>t4 ,dagnam ,p>k1 ,essex4 ,dudley ,nor?1 ,esq4 ,m4,p4 ,gl5ham ,hall1 ,suffolk4 ,8 ,grace ! ,duke ( ,portl&1 ,welbeck1 ,nott+ham%ire4 ,! ,hon4 ,c4 ,a4 ,pelham1 ,m4,p4 ,appuldurcombe1 ,isle ( ,wight4 ,j4 ,d4 ,paul1 ,esq4 ,temple ,b>1 ,london4 ,?omas ,p>t+ton1 ,esq4 ,(fham1 ,sussex4 ,mr4 ,pet] ,pott]1 ,k5ti% ,t[n1 ,middlesex4 ,mr4 ,james ,pope1 ,latim]1 ,buck+ham%ire4 ,mr4 ,?omas ,padmore1 ,l9cr(t1 ,/af=d%ire4 ,mr4 ,?omas ,p9d]1 ,eakr+1 ,nott+ham%ire4 ,?omas ,rob]ts1 ,jun4 ,esq4 ,hamp/ead1 ,middlesex4 ,edw>d ,russell1 ,esq4 ,holl& ,h\se1 ,surrey4 ,john ,r5%aw1 ,esq4 ,nott+ham4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,rob9son1 ,hav]+1 ,essex4 ,mr4 ,john ,r[ell1 ,holbeck1 ,lanca%ire4 ,! ,hon\rable ,john ,simpson1 ,m4,p4 ,babwor?1 ,nott+ham%ire4 ,s4 ,e4 ,sawbridge1 ,esq4 ,olantigh1 ,k5t4 ,rob]t ,sn[1 ,esq4 ,temple ,b>1 ,london4 ,john ,%aw1 ,esq4 ,:e/on ,hall1 ,d]by%ire4 ,william ,s&by1 ,esq4 ,ro*l91 ,h]e=d%ire4 ,john ,/eph5s1 ,esq4 ,read+4 ,?omas ,sewell1 ,esq4 ,newport1 ,isle ( ,wight4 ,william ,/one1 ,esq4 ,englefield1 ,b]k%ire4 ,b5jam9 ,sev]n1 ,esq4 ,h>e ,hall1 ,essex4 ,mr4 ,john ,sutton1 ,sawtry1 ,hunt+don%ire4 ,mr4 ,william ,spee*ly1 ,k+'s ,newton ,hall1 ,d]by%ire4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,swift1 ,wyddial1 ,h]t=d%ire4 ,! ,"r ,hon4 ,"l ,john ,t[n%5d1 ,balls ,p>k1 ,h]t=d%ire4 ,! ,rev4 ,rob]t ,?omson1 ,,ll4,d4 ,long ,/[e ,hall1 ,cambridge%ire4 ,h4 ,b4 ,?ornhill1 ,esq4 ,lang) ,lodge1 ,notts4 ,c4 ,t4 ,t[]1 ,esq4 ,weald ,hall1 ,essex4 ,george ,tuson1 ,esq4 ,il*e/]1 ,som]set%ire4 ,mr4 ,william ,trump]1 ,dorney1 ,buck+ham%ire4 ,mr4 ,reyni] ,til]1 ,w9dsor1 ,b]k%ire4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,toml91 ,/oke1 ,d]by%ire4 ,mr4 ,john ,trump]1 ,h>efield1 ,middlesex4 ,c4 ,c4 ,we/]n1 ,esq4 ,m4,p4 ,felix ,hall1 ,essex4 ,! ,rev4 ,e4 ,williamson1 ,campton1 ,b$=d%ire4 ,c4 ,h4 ,w>e1 ,esq4 ,gray's ,inn1 ,middlesex4 ,john ,willock1 ,esq4 ,gold5 ,squ>e1 ,london4 ,?omas ,willan1 ,esq4 ,m>ybone ,p>k1 ,middlesex4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,wai/ell1 ,holborn1 ,middlesex4 ,mr4 ,william ,well]1 ,am]%am1 ,buck+ham%ire4 ,mr4 ,william ,w>d1 ,durham4 ,mr4 ,?omas ,wolton1 ,pirgo ,p>k1 ,essex4 ,mr4 ,joseph ,watson1 ,%impl+1 ,norfolk4 ,mr4 ,william ,we$on1 ,wilsd5 ,gre51 ,middlesex4 ,,on ,,! ,,improv$ ,,beet ,,root1 ,,z ,,w9t] ,,food ,,= ,,cattle4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,! g>d5 at ,*eese ,cross produc$ a f9e crop ( ! ,improv$ ,beet ,root4 ,! roots1 :5 ab\t ! size ( a radi%1 7 ?9n$ out ) a turnip hoe1 leav+ ! plants ne>ly #ae in*es ap>t ea* way4 ,i select$ #fj squ>e y>ds1 #f by #aj1 & f\nd ! produce to be #cfj roots1 equal to #bi1jdj roots ^u an acre4 ,!y weigh$ f #a p\nd to #ab p\nds ea*1 & #aj ( !m1 tak5 up indiscrim9ately1 weigh$ #dj p\nds4 ,suppos+ !m1 !re=e1 to av]age #d p\nds ea*1 ! weight ^u an acre w\ld be some?+ m ?an #ej tons4 ,"o hundr$ weight1 cut into small pieces = ! cattle1 measur$ #b bu%els4 ,! quantity p] acre may !re=e be e/imat$ at #bjjj bu%els1 #b bu%els are giv5 to ea* bullock daily3 #aif bu%els1 ! produce ( only ab\t a t5? "p ( an acre ( g>d5 gr\nd1 plant$ 9 ?is way1 w\ld keep a bullock #ad weeks4 ,9 ,mason's field1 on ! road f ,b$=ds to ,hav]+1 ano!r f9e crop 0 obta9$4 ,! roots1 :5 ab\t ! size ( a radi%1 7 tak5 out ( ! se$ b$1 & plant$ 9 r[s1 #c feet asund]1 & ! plants 7 ab\t #ah in*es ap>t 9 ea* r[4 ,i select$ #fj squ>e y>ds1 #f by #aj1 & f\nd ! produce to be #abf roots1 equal to #aj1afd roots ^u an acre4 ,^! roots weigh$1 on an av]age1 #e p\nds ea*1 s t ! weight ^u an acre w\ld be some?+ m ?an #bb tons4 ,ea* bullock eats #a cwt4 p] day4 ,! produce ( #a acre ( gr\nd1 plant$ 9 ?is way1 w\ld keep #d bullocks fe$+ = #aaj days4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ! same field1 on ! road f ,b$=ds to ,hav]+1 ! se$ 0 dibbl$ 9 r[s1 #b feet ap>t1 & ! plants 7 left #ab in*es ap>t 9 ea* r[4 ,i select$ #fj squ>e y>ds1 #f by #aj1 & f\nd ! produce to be #bgj roots2 equal to #ba1ghj roots ^u an acre4 ,^! roots av]age a little m ?an #e p\nds ea*4 ,! weight ^u an acre w\ld !re=e be some?+ m ?an #dh tons4 ,ea* bullock eats #a cwt4 p] day4 ,! produce ( #a acre ( l&1 plant$ 9 ?is way1 w\ld keep #aj bullocks fe$+ = #ig days4 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,?is is ! ?ird ye> t ,mr4 ,heaton has cultivat$ ! improv$ ,beet ,root ) great success1 9 ?ree diff]5t ways2 namely1 broadca/ on gr\nd "u g>d5 culture2 &1 9 ! field1 by dibbl+ 9 ! se$1 & transplant+ ! roots4 ,! result fully ju/ifies a pref]5ce 9 fav\r ( dibbl+ 9 r[s #b feet ap>t1 z w be se5 by ! foll[+ %ort /atem5t ( ! produce obta9$ "u ea* mode ( culture4 ,,produce4 ,broadca/1 on /rong l&1 spade-tr5*$1 #aj in*es deep1 #ej tons leav+ ! plants aft] hoe+ ne>ly #ae in*es ap>t ea* p] acre4 way1 ,transplant$ 9 r[s #c feet ap>t1 & ! plants ab\t #ah #bb tons in*es ap>t 9 ea* r[1 p] acre4 ,dibbl+ ! se$ 9 r[s #b feet ap>t1 & ! plants left #dh tons #ab in*es ap>t 9 ea* r[1 p] acre4 ,a good crop may be obta9$ by ! broadca/ me?od ^u deep1 loose soils1 or ^u /rong soils spade-tr5*$1 #aj or #ab in*es deep2 b by t mode mu* se$ is wa/$1 & mu* extra exp5ce incurr$ 9 lab\r1 hoe+1 & transplant+1 be=e ! plants are plac$ #e in*es ap>t ea* way1 :i* is v mat]ial to insure a good crop1 "u t mode ( culture4 ,,*ap4 ,,iii ,to ^? :o may h be5 9 ! habit ( cultivat+ ! ,sw$i% turnip1 x may be desirable to po9t out ! advantages :i* ! improv$ ,beet ,root has ov] t turnip4 ,mr4 ,heaton _h la/ ye>1 9 8 ,hav]+ ,gre5 field1 ! be/ crop ( ,sw$i% turnips t ,i h ev] se51 ^u 8 f>m1 dur+ twelve ye>s' att5tion to ! managem5t ( x2 & 8 intellig5t ag5t & f>m]1 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,gibbons1 assures me1 t he did n see a bett] crop betwe5 ,london & ,d]by1 f :i* latt] place he return$ 9 ,decemb] la/4 ,! ,sw$es 9 ?is field 7 drill$ 9 r[s #bd in*es ap>t1 & ! plants 7 left ab\t #i in*es ap>t 9 ea* r[4 ,i select$ #fj squ>e y>ds1 #f by #aj1 & f\nd ! produce to be #beb turnips1 equal to #bj1cef ^u an acre4 ,i weigh$ _m ( !m1 & f\nd !m f half a p\nd to #f p\nds ea*1 av]ag+ #b p\nds4 ,! weight ^u an acre w\ld1 !re=e1 be some?+ m ?an #ah tons3 less by #cj tons ?an ! produce ( an acre ( ! improv$ ,beet1 dibbl$ 9 r[s #b feet ap>t1 & ! plants left #ab in*es ap>t 9 ea* r[4 ,! improv$ ,beet has o!r mat]ial advantages ov] turnips4 ,! crop is m c]ta91 z ! infant root is n injur$ by ! fly2 ! gr\nd may be cle>$ 9 "t to s[ :eat ^u x1 & ! ,beet atta9+ p]fection1 z x does1 be=e ! w9t] sets 91 mu* lab\r & all ! difficulty ( gett+ & c>t+ turnips 9 bad wea!r are sav$ to ! f>m]4 ,a bu%el ( ! slic$ ,beet weighs #f p\nds heavi] ?an a bu%el ( ,sw$e turnip slic$4 ,two bu%els ( x p] day satisfies a bullock bett] ?an #b bu%els & a half ( ,sw$es2 & x is well kn[n1 t #b bu%els & a half ( ,sw$es are bett] ?an #c bu%els ( common turnips4 ,%eep are fond ( ! improv$ ,beet aft] ,*ri/mas2 s are pigs1 "y cattle1 & c[s2 &1 ) hay or /raw1 x w be f\nd excell5t food = "y horses4 ,= mil* c[s1 ! ,beets h a decid$ advantage ov] turnips4 ,turnips1 f _! rankness1 spoil ! cream & butt]2 ,beet1 f its peculi> sweetness1 improves bo?4 ,x is /rongly recomm5d$ to ! f>m]s ne> ,london to cultivate ?is root1 & to ! c[keep]s 9 ,london to consume x3 to !m x w be f\nd ( great value4 ,s9ce ! above 0 writt51 ! ,au?or has be5 fav\r$ ) ! foll[+ in=mation1 f a ,fri5d1 :o left 8 crop 9 ! gr\nd till spr+4 8,my ,beet 9 ! ,old ,y>d has /ood ! late sev]e fro/ bett] ?an any common turnips1 & p]haps equally well ) ! ,sw$es1 v few inde$ be+ injur$4 ,"s ( !m 7 cov]$ ) sn[1 b o!rs 7 expos$4 ,!y 7 r small1 hav+ be5 plant$ s late z ,june40 ,i4 ,k4 8,feb4 #bc1 #ahad40 ,,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,= ! in=mation & guidance ( ^? occupi]s ( l&1 :o may be desir\s ( cultivat+ ! improv$ ,beet ,root ^u /rong l&1 ! next ,*apt] w conta9 a p>ticul> acc\nt ( ! me?od us$ 9 cultivat+ t root ^u /rong l& at ,b$=ds4 ,! me?od !re /at$1 is t :i* has be5 f\nd1 on ?ree ye>s' trial1 to be lea/ exp5sive 9 ! beg9n+1 & mo/ pr(itable 9 ! end4--,! cultivation ( ?is root is e>ne/ly recomm5d$ to ! att5tion ( all p]sons f>m+ /rong l&s ) a view to pr(it4 ,x %\ld nev] be =gott51 t #dh tons1 ! produce ( only a s+le acre1 ( ?is root1 w make #aj bullocks fat en\gh = ! but*]2 & t #f acres1 ( equal produce1 w fatt5 #fj bullocks2 t ! pr(it on ea* bullock w be consid]able2 & t :5 ! bus9ess ( fe$+ is ov]1 ! y>d w be full ( ri* dung3 nei!r %\ld x be =gott51 t ! t5ant :o sells 8 /raw1 _c p>take ( any ( ^! advantages4 ,9 pro( ( ?is ass]tion1 ! foll[+ facts are submitt$ = consid]ation3 ,mr4 ,heaton b\ght two lean ,wel* bullocks1 at ,h>l[ ,bu% ,fair1 on ! #i? ( ,septemb]4 ,!y co/ toge!r #cd4 ,!y 7 pa/ur$ on ! ,r[5s till ! #bj? ( ,novemb] foll[+1 :5 !y 7 ti$ up1 & f$ ) ,beet ,root & oat /raw till ! #i? ( ,febru>y foll[+1 :5 !y 7 sold toge!r1 9 ,rom=d m>ket1 = ! sum ( #ej2 yield+ 9 tw5ty-two weeks1 a pr(it ( #af1 :i* is equal to #gs4 #c;d4 p] week1 = ea* bullock4 ,^! two bullocks 7 ti$ up twelve weeks ea*1 9 :i* "t !y ate eight tons #b cwt4 ( ,beet ,root1 ! produce ( only "o-six? "p ( an acre ( l&1 cultivat$ accord+ to ! me?od recomm5d$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,,! ,,me?od ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,cultivation ,,( ,,! ,,improv$ ,,beet ,,root ,,^u ,,/rong ,,l& ,,at ,,b$=ds4 ,x may be prop]1 9 ! fir/ place1 to /ate :at is meant by /rong l&4 ,! surface soil is loamy1 & f #d to #ab in*es deep1 ^u a b$ ( /rong clay mix$ ) gravel4 ,x is too heavy1 & g5]ally too wet1 9 ! w9t]1 ev5 = %eep to eat a crop ( turnips on ! gr\nd2 & al?\gh good turnips are gr[n ^u x1 x is always necess>y to draw !m = ! %eep1 /all-f$ cattle1 or = cattle 9 ! y>ds4 ,! gr\nd is prep>$ to receive ! se$1 & clean$ 9 ! same way z x w\ld h be5 = ,sw$i% turnips4 ,z t "p ( ! bus9ess is s well kn[n to all f>m]s1 x is n necess>y to ent] into detail ^u x4 ,9 ! middle1 or latt] end ( ! mon? ( ,april1 ! furr[s are set out ) ! pl\gh1 #b feet ap>t1 & d\ble pl\gh$2 t is1 ! pl\gh returns on ! furr[ to ! po9t :5ce x set out1 =m+ a ridge betwe5 ea* furr[4 ,d\ble pl\gh+ ) a common pl\gh is pref]r$ to s+le pl\gh+ ) a d\ble m\ld bo>d pl\gh1 because x af=ds a great] dep? ( loose e>? ?an ! d\ble m\ld bo>d pl\gh w\ld produce4 ,9 ^! furr[s1 ! manure1 :i* %\ld be 9 a rott5 /ate1 is deposit$1 aft] ! rate ( six cubic y>ds to an acre4 ,! ridges are !n split by ! pl\gh go+ & return+ ! same way z be=e m5tion$1 leav+ ! manure imm$iately "u ! middle ( ! new ridges1 ,a light roll] is !n pass$ along ! ridges1 9 ! middle ( :i* ! se$ is dibbl$1 s t ! plants may receive all ! b5efit :i* c be d]iv$ f ! manure4 ,! se$ is deposit$ ab\t an in* deep :il/ ! moi/ure is fre% 9 ! e>?1 & cov]$ by draw+ a g>d5 rake along ! r[s4 ,aft] ?is1 ! light roll] is aga9 pass$ along ! ridges1 & ! "w is f9i%$4 ,:5 ! plants are ab\t ! size ( a radi%1 !y are ho$ ) a turnip hoe1 leav+ ! plants 9 ! r[s ab\t #ab in*es ap>t4 ,if any ( ! se$s fail1 & !re happ5 n to be an ev5 crop1 ! roots1 :]e !y are too ?ick1 are drawn out be=e ! hoe+ takes place1 & transplant$1 to fill up ! vacant places1 & insure a full crop1 :i* is always c]ta91 inasmu* z #ii plants out ( #ajj1 ?rive & d well4 ,9 transplant+1 c>e is necess>y to prev5t ! po9t ( ! root f turn+ upw>ds4 ,! we$s1 :il/ ! plants are "y1 are kept ho$1 b aft] ! head ( ! plant has once spread1 no we$ c live und]nea? its %ade1 & ! exp5ce ( hoe+ aft]w>ds is v trifl+ inde$4 ,! :ole ( ! crop is tak5 up 9 ! mon? ( ,novemb]1 9 dry wea!r4 ,! tops are cut (f ne> ! cr[n ( ! plants1 & ! plants1 :5 p]fectly dry1 are pil$ up 9 a %$1 & cov]$ ) /raw suffici5tly ?ick to pres]ve !m f ! fro/4 ,!y kept la/ ye> till ! latt] end ( ,m>*1 & !y w\ld h kept mu* long]4 ,! se$ may be _h ( ,co*ran1 se$sman1 9 ,duke ,/reet1 ,grosv5or ,squ>e2 ( ,messrs4 ,gibbs & ,co4 ,half ,moon ,/reet1 ,piccadilly2 & ( ,mr4 ,mason1 ,fleet ,/reet4 ,f #c to #d p\nds ( ! se$ w be suffici5t = an acre ( gr\nd1 prep>$ & dibbl$ accord+ to ! me?od "h /at$4 ,! price la/ ye> 0 #gs4 p] p\nd1 b x may probably be less h]eaft]1 z ! gr[]s ( ! root1 s long z t high price cont9ues1 w ( c\rse save _! own se$1 & !reby less5 ! dem& f ! se$sman4 ,,! ,,me?od ,,be=e ,,describ$ ,,elucidat$4 ,=m ( ! ridges be=e manur+4 a a a a _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ b b b ,! tops ( ! ridges ab\t #b in*es broad1 a4 a4 a4 ,int]vals ( #bd in*es f "o a to ano!r4 ,dep?s ab\t #ab in*es f a to b4 ,furr[s :]e ! manure is deposit$1 b4 b4 b4 ,=m ( ! ridges aft] splitt+ & roll+4 ,a ,a ,a ,a --- --- --- --- _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ ,b ,b ,b ,b ,tops ,a4 ,a4 ,a4 #i in*es broad1 9 ! middle ( :i* ! se$ is deposit$4 ,situation ( ! manure ,b4 ,b4 ,b4 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,x w n be suppos$1 by any intellig5t f>m]1 t :]e ! quantity ( ! ,improv$ ,beet ,root giv5 daily to a bullock is /at$1 x is meant t x %\ld be giv5 )\t dry food4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be necess>y to say1 t ! same dry food mu/ be giv5 ) ! ,beet z is usually giv5 ) turnips4 ,mr4 ,heaton la/ ye> gave oat /raw only1 & ! bullocks did well ^u t food1 & 7 sold to pr(it4 ,no d\bt !y w\ld h be5 ready = ! but*] soon]1 _h good hay be5 giv5 to !m3 b ?is fact may be reli$ ^u1 t fre% bullocks1 f$ ^u ! ,beet ,root & oat /raw1 w1 9 #c mon?s "t1 get fat en\gh = ! but*]4 ,x may also be necess>y to obs]ve1 t n a ^w1 "h /at$1 is int5d$ to apply to su* light turnip soils z w be> ! trampl+ ( %eep1 )\t injury to ! l&4 ,mr4 ,heaton has none su* ^u 8 f>m1 & ,i h n suffici5t k ( ! managem5t ( turnip l&1 ( t description1 to say1 :e!r prud5ce w\ld w>rant any trial ( ! ,beet ,root ^u a l>ge scale1 on su* soil1 to be eat5 on ! l&4 ,:]e a field1 select$ = a crop ( ,beet1 happ5s to be 9 a f\l /ate1 ! se$ _h bett] be s[n 9 a g>d51 & ! :ole field plant$ ) ! "y ,beet1 :5 ( ! size ( a radi%4 ,?is w give "t = clean+ ! gr\nd1 & fitt+ x = a crop2 =1 al?\gh ! ,beets are de/roy]s ( we$s1 x is n meant to recomm5d ! s[+ !m on f\l gr\nd1 or 9 any way to enc\rage a slov5ly sy/em ( f>m+4 ,al?\gh manure has be5 us$ 9 ! cultivation ( ?is root1 x is n absolutely necess>y2 &1 if n 9 a rott5 /ate1 x does mis*ief4 ,good crops h be5 obta9$ at ,b$=ds )\t manure1 & )\t injury to ! succe$+ crops ( corn4 ,beet is f$ f a dep? consid]ably bel[ ! rea* ( ! pl\gh1 z g5]ally us$2 s t x does n draw ! surface soil 9 :i* corn is f$4 ,! me?od ( cultivat+ ! ,beet ,root "h recomm5d$1 is ! same z t :i* is us$ 9 ! cultivation ( turnips1 9 ,nor?umb]l& & o!r p>ts ( ! nor?1 ) ?is exception1 t ! r[s !re are #bg in*es ap>t4 ,!re may be reasons 9 ! nor? = /ill pref]r+ t space1 b 9 ,essex ! effect ( x1 9 ! cultivation ( ,beet ,root1 w\ld be1 t1 in/ead ( #dh tons p] acre1 #dc tons only w\ld be obta9$4 ,exp]i5ce has prov$1 t ! roots d n get to a l>g] size 9 r[s #c feet ap>t1 ?an !y d 9 r[s #b feet ap>t4 ,x may1 !re=e1 fairly be presum$1 t !y w\ld n be l>g] 9 r[s #bg in*es ap>t2 & if n l>g]1 ! weight ( ! crop1 p] acre1 mu/ be less1 because ! plants decrease 9 numb] z ! r[s increase 9 space4 ,! advantages t w\ld arise f ! cultivation ( ^! roots1 ^u a small "p ( e /rong-l&-f>m ?r\gh\t ! k+dom1 mu/ be obvi\s4 ,calculations might be giv5 t w\ld a/oni% & almo/ exce$ ! belief ( mo/ read]s4 ,su* calculations1 h[ev]1 9 g5]al1 are b little att5d$ to1 & x is ?\ght bett] to omit !m1 hop+ t en\gh has be5 said ^u ! subject1 to fix ! att5tion ( e p]son int]e/$ 9 ! cultivation ( l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,app5dix4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,work+ton ,hall1 ,cumb]l&1 ,m>* #i1 #ahad4 ,,sir1 ,i _h ! pleasure ( receiv+ y\r oblig+ fav\r la/ night1 ) two copies ( ! publication on ,mangel ,wurzel4 ,i h cultivat$ t root = "s ye>s ) success4 ,f ! ,bi%op ( ,d]ry ,i le>nt to apply ! leaves to soil+ my mil* c[s & pigs4 ,! leaves ( a good crop are f #aj to #ae tons p] acre4 ,i h /eep$ ! se$ & mix$ x ) s& previ\s to s[+1 by :i* means x vegetates imm$iately4 ,i h _h #fj tons p] acre on #c feet /i*es1 #i in*es betwe5 ! plants1 & h kept ! roots good till ! middle ( ,may4 ,i h giv5 ! se$ to _m ( my cottag]s1 :o h gr[n ! roots = _! pigs1 & !y h f\nd !m to answ] well4 ,i am1 c4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,curw54 ,b>r[by1 ,l9coln%ire1 ,decemb] #ae1 #ahad4 ,,sir1 ,= ! la/ f\r w9t]s ,i h con/antly f$ my mil* c[s ) ,beet1 b ,i nev] exce$$1 ,i believe1 a bu%el p] day to ea*2 n f any appreh5sion ( ill effects :5 giv5 9 l>g] quantities4 ,my object 01 to make x la/ ! long]1 z ! milk & cream 7 evid5tly mu* improv$ !reby4 ,! c[s always _h pl5ty ( hay ) ! ,beet1 & :5 ! wea!r1 or r ! /ate ( ! l& w\ld admit1 !y 7 turn$ into a grass field adjo9+ my f>m y>d4 ,mr4 ,turney1 ( ,s$gbrook1 :o has f9i%$ (f "s bullocks ?is ,autumn1 :il/ at grass1 ) ,beet1 has giv5 x ) great good effect to 8 mil* c[s = ! la/ two w9t]s1 & he is at ?is "t keep+ a new-calv$ heif] ^u x4 ,i may add1 t ,i h always f\nd ! milk to be increas$ 9 quantity1 z well z improv$ 9 quality1 :il/ ! ,beet 0 us$4 ,z to ! weight ( my crop1 ?is ye>1 x is mu* less ?an usual4 ,my l&1 y "k1 is old g>d5 gr\nd1 & produc$ a crop ( ,beet la/ ye>1 ,sw$es ! ye> be=e1 & c>rots 9 #ahaa4 ,a t5aci\s loam1 on clay1 difficult to "w 9 ! ,spr+4 ,on ?is ,i got only #g cwt4 #b qrs4 on #f y>ds by #aj1 :i* is aft] ! rate ( #cj tons p] acre4 ,i am1 c4 ,,jona?an ,,k5dal4 ,/ag ,bre:\se1 ,decemb] #ah1 #ahad4 ,,sir1 ,h]e) y receive my report ( a small piece ( l&1 plant$ ) ,mangel ,wurzel by ,colonel ,elliott4 ,i h be5 z correct z possible1 & h to obs]ve1 t ,i ?9k ! culture ( x well wor? ! att5tion ( e f>m]4 ,! latt] end ( ,april1 #ahad1 t5 poles ( l& 7 s[n ) ,mangel ,wurzel1 #bj in*es di/ance1 9 drills2 ! plants 9 ! r[ ?9n$ to ab\t #ae in*es4 ,! l& poor1 consi/+ pr9cipally ( brick rubbi% & road scrap+s1 ) a slight coat ( rott5 dung previ\s to ! s[+4 ,x _h two hoe+s aft] ! plants 7 ?9n$4 ,! plants 9 two ( ! r[s1 ab\t ! c5tre ( ! piece1 7 set out #b feet ap>t1 b ^! 7 n l>g] ?an :]e !y 7 at #ae in*es4 ,on ! #h? ( ,novemb] ! :ole crop 0 tak5 up1 &1 aft] cutt+ (f ! heads1 7 pack$ up 9 a l(t4 ,to prev5t any incorrectness 9 calculat+ ! weight by ! numb] ( ! roots1 ! :ole crop 0 weigh$1 :i* am\nt$ to #c tons1 #a cwt4 #ef p\nds1 :i* is accord+ to ! rate ( #di tons #d cwt4 p] acre4 ,a l>ge portion ( ! roots weigh$ f #g lbs4 to #ab lbs4 ea*4 ,:5 ! r[s 7 fir/ ?9n$1 "s o!r pieces 7 plant$ ) ! sp>e plants1 b ^! did n succe$ s well3 !y 7 mu* less ?an ! o!rs4 ,hogs are rem>kably fond ( ?is root1 & ?rive v fa/ ) x3 c[s are also v eag] aft] bo? leaves & root4 ,colonel ,elliott began fe$+ 8 c[s ) ! ,mangel ,wurzel 9 ,july2 ! wea!r be+ v dry1 we 7 v %ort ( grass4 ,we began ) ! leaves1 & soon aft] ) ! roots ( two pieces1 :i* 7 transplant$4 ,! c[s look$ well & increas$ 9 _! milk1 & 7 p>tially f$ ) ! roots till ! crop 0 tak5 up4 ,! roots 7 !n slic$1 & z mu* ( !m giv5 to ! c[s 7) a little hay7 z !y c\ld eat2 ! milk increas$ imm$iately1 & ! c[s improv$ 9 fle%4 ,my op9ion is1 t ! ,mangel ,wurzel is a mo/ valuable article ( food to ! f>m]2 because1 9 a sev]e w9t]1 :5 turnips are 9 g5]al de/roy$1 ^! roots1 prop]ly /ack$ 9 a dry place1 & cov]$ s z to prev5t sev]e fro/s f injur+ !m1 w be a c]ta9 supply ( nutrici\s & fatt5+ food1 7if cultivat$ 9 suffici5t quantity7 until ! spr+ grass is fit to turn 9 ^u4 ,i %\ld conceive1 if ! se$ is put into ! gr\nd 9 ! mon? ( ,may1 aft] ! mann] practis$ 9 drill+ turnips on ridges1 t no d\bt c be ent]ta9$ ( obta9+ a full crop4 ,z ,mangel ,wurzel exce$s all o!r w9t] food1 f be+ pres]v$ "u cov] )\t injur+ ! quality1 s x w prev5t a recurr5ce to ! exp5sive food ( oil cake or corn4 ,i am1 c4 ,g4 ,t4 ,,b\lt4 ,k5ti% ,t[n1 ,decemb] #bi1 #ahad4 ,,sir1 ,hav+ pres5t$ "o ( y\r books to ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,laycock1 a consid]able f>m] & c[keep] at ,holl[ay1 ) a reque/ t he w\ld cultivate ! root1 he did me ! fav\r to make *oice ( a piece ( l&1 conta9+ #a rood & #bj p]*es1 :i* _h be5 "p ( a field1 compos$ ( brick e>? or /rong clay1 9 ! procurem5t ( :i*1 ! field _h = sev]al ye>s pa/ be5 dug ov] to a great dep? bel[ ! orig9al surface4 ,on ?is piece he caus$ a quantity ( soil & rott5 dung int]mix$ !re) to be laid1 & ! gr\nd levell$1 ab\t #aj or #ab in*es deep4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,may he comm5c$ dibbl+ ! se$ 9 r[s #b feet asund]1 & #a foot ap>t 9 ! r[s2 b1 = want ( "t1 only ab\t "o ?ird "p ( ! crop 0 got 9 by ?is mode4 ,! rema9d] 0 transplant$ 9 ! middle ( ,june4 ,! :ole ( ! l& 0 kept p]fectly clean1 &1 :ile conf9$ to ! upp] soil1 ! plants made rapid progress4 ,_h ! subsoil be5 ( a yield+ nature1 ! crop w\ld h be5 extraord9>y2 b x 0 obs]vable1 al?\gh ! tap roots 7 p>ticul>ly vigor\s1 t s soon z !y _h p5etrat$ to ! unbrok5 clay1 !y inv>iably divid$ & turn$ (f 9 a horizontal direction1 & aft]w>ds ?rew out fibr\s %oots )\t numb]4 ,! se$ 0 procur$ f a nurs]yman at ,fulham1 & 0 p>ticul>ly good4 ,v few ( ! plants ran up to se$2 ^? t did s1 7 n suff]$ to rema91 b 7 tak5 up & giv5 to ! c[s1 z 7 also ! l[] leaves1 :i* 7 repeat$ly /ripp$ (f 9 consid]able quantities4 ,9 ! middle ( ,novemb] ! :ole crop 0 drawn (f & weigh$1 aft] be+ cle>$ ( ! tops & loose dirt4 ,! produce 0 #ae tons & a few p\nds ov]1 av]age weight ( ! roots1 #e p\nds4 ,correspond5t produce #dj tons p] acre4 ,al?\gh ?is exp]im5t on ,mr4 ,laycock's l& falls %ort ( ^? /at$ 9 y\r ,treatise1 yet1 :5 ! extreme unfav\rabl5ess ( its situation is consid]$1 t ( an exhau/$ brickfield1 ! defici5cy is easily acc\nt$ =4 ,inde$ ,i _c help ?9k+ its result su*1 z to hold out consid]able temptation to occupi]s ( /rong clay f>ms1 :]eon turnips _c successfully be cultivat$1 to make trial ( a root1 :i*1 ) previ\s w9t] pl[+1 promises m pr(it ?an c be obta9$ f any o!r crop t ,i "k (#a4 ,! increase ( live /ock & radical improvem5ts ( su* f>ms mu/ necess>ily foll[4 ,i am1 c4 ,,pet] ,,pott]4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is description ( soil 9 "s seasons is too wet to w>rant ! removal ( a crop ( ,mangel ,wurzel 9 ,novemb]4 ,:5 gr[n on su* soils to be us$ e>ly 9 ! w9t]1 ! crop may be tak5 up 9 ,octob]2 if int5d$ = use 9 ! cold spr+ mon?s x may rema91 ) p]fect safety1 till ! gr\nd is suffici5tly dry to prev5t h>m be+ done by ! :eels ( c>ts & ! trampl+ ( horses4--,,editor4 ,l9cr(t ,h\se1 ,li*field4 ,decemb] #ac1 #ahad4 ,,sir1 ,i h = y\r in=mation weigh$ & tak5 a pretty accurate acc\nt ( my small crop ( ,mangel ,wurzel1 :i* ,i h lately ga!r$ out ( a g>d5 belong+ to my f>m4 ,! l5g? ( ! g>d5 is #fb y>ds2 & ! bread? ( ! "p s[n #ab y>ds1 & ! produce1 accord+ to my firm belief & be/ calculation1 is #d tons1 #f cwt4 #dj p\nds1 & ,i am well conv9c$ 9 my own m9d1 t _h ,i prop]ly att5d$ to ! culture ( ?is root1 ,i might h obta9$ a mu* great] produce1 ev5 9 t space ( gr\nd2 =1 y w obs]ve1 ,i h n /rictly adh]$ to ! plan laid d[n 9 y\r little publication4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! gr\nd 0 v f\l at ! "t ( s[+1 & ! plants1 :5 gr[+1 7 ab\t #ah in*es ap>t "o way1 & ne>ly "o y>d ! o!r2 !re be+ only #ac r[s 9 ! space ( #ab y>ds1 & ! g>d5 too surr\nd$ ) trees1 s t ,i consid] e ?+ 0 unfav\rable4 ,i fur!r beg leave to /ate z my op9ion1 t z ! gr\nd is v /rong1 x is n well adapt$ to ! gr[? ( ,beet1 & z mo/ ( ! roots 7 transplant$1 !y _h n a fair *ance4 ,transplant$ roots are seldom s good z ^? :i* h n be5 remov$4 ,i h giv5 ,beet ,root1 = two ye>s pa/1 bo? to fe$+ & mil* c[s ) good effect4 ,i am c4 ,j4 ,,padmore4 ,:e/on1 ,tideswell1 ,decemb] #af1 #ahad4 ,,sir1 ,my ,beet ,root ?is ye> 0 s[n ^u light dry lime/one l&1 ( good quality1 p]fectly clean1 b 9 a high situation & cold climate4 ,! se$ 0 p>tly s[n 9 b$s a y>d & a half 9 wid?1 p>tly drill$1 & p>tly dibbl$ 9 ridges at ! di/ance ( #bh in*es1 & ! plants left #ab in*es ap>t aft] hoe+4 ,! r[s drill$ came up mu* ! be/1 & cont9u$ altoge!r ! f9e/ plants4 ,!y 7 ?9n$ & ho$ e>ly4 ,! dibbl$ se$ miss$ 9 a great numb] ( places#b2 ! vacancies 7 suppli$ f ! drill$ r[s1 transplant$ at diff]5t ages1 & at diff]5t times ( ! ye>1 7z ! season suit$ = ! purpose17 b none ( !m grew 9 size or luxuriance#b equal to ^? left /&+ 9 ! drill$ r[s4 ,9 ! b$s ! plants 7 extremely num]\s1 b !y _h n ! same advantages ( be+ ?9n$ & ho$ s e>ly z ! drill$ r[s1 & !y 7 9 g5]al small 9 size4 ,footnote #b3 ,probably plant$ too deep4--,,editor4 ,i _h a mo/ productive supply ( gre5 food to ! fold y>d1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,septemb] & ,octob]1 f ! tops1 & dur+ ! latt] mon? _m ( ! plants :i* _h run to se$1 7 also tak5 up & consum$ 9 ! same way4 ,!y 7 giv5 to mil* c[s morn+ & ev5+1 dur+ milk+ "t1 & to /ore pigs 9 ! fold y>d4 ,! produce on #f y>ds by #aj 0 #bjf roots 9 numb]1 & #dgg p\nds 9 weight1 to :i* may be add$ ab\t "o-t5? m = plants consum$ be=e ! crop 0 tak5 up4 ,i ?9k ! ,beet ,root af=ds a v mat]ial increase to ! /ock ( gre5 food1 ( ! be/ quality 9 ! ,autumn4 mon?s1 &1 :5 gr[n ne> en\gh to ! f>m y>d to be tak5 daily z want$1 )\t too great an exp5ce 9 lab\r & c>riage1 t mode ( consum+ ! leaves & "s ( ! roots may be resort$ to ) great advantage1 & x may be f\nd a res\rce ( no small use 9 dry seasons4 ,cattle 9 g5]al eat bo? ! root & top ) eag]ness4 ,pigs pref] !m to any o!r vegetable food4 ,i h occasionally giv5 ! roots 9 w9t] to horses1 & p>ticul>ly to brood m>es & to foals1 ) hay1 & !y h inv>iably done well4 ,i am1 c4 ,,john ,,%aw4 ,^! & _m o!r lett]s h be5 receiv$ by ! au?or f g5tlem5 resid+ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! k+dom1 recomm5d+1 f _! own exp]i5ce & success1 ! culture ( ! improv$ ,beet ,root1 to ^? f>m]s :o h yet to le>n its value4 ,9 s do+1 !y are n actuat$ by any sordid motive or selfi% pr9ciple4 ,to d good to o!rs is _! aim1 & to promote ! public welf>e ! utmo/ ( _! ambition4 ,,f9is4 ,j4 ,swan1 ,pr9t]1 #gf1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,london4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,typographical errors fix$2 non-/&>d spell+ & dialect reta9$4 ,us$ numb]s = footnotes4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4