,illu/ration3 ,e ,,pluribus ,,unum ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,seal ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,/ate #aiji ,,wa%+ton ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice #aiji ,,cont5ts ,,page4 ,,lett] ,,( ,,transmittal #e ,i4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,device #g ,,ii4 ,,! ,,lovell ,,committee #ah ,,iii4 ,,william ,,b>ton',s ,,designs #bc ,,iv4 ,,! ,,secret>y',s ,,device #cc ,v4 ,,! ,,arms ,,adopt$ #da ,,vi4 ,,! ,,illegal ,,seal #dh ,,vii4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,seal #ec ,,viii4 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,seal #fc ,,ix4 ,,uses ,,( ,,! ,,seal #fe ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,h]aldic ,,t]ms #fi ,,index #ga ,to ! ,honorable ,,phil&] ,c4 ,,knox1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,sir3 ,9 #ahib1 :5 ,i 0 s]v+ 9 y\r ,dep>tm5t1 by direction ( ,secret>y ,james ,g4 ,bla9e ,i prep>$ an hi/orical sket* ( ! seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 entitl$ 8,! ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,h[ ,x 0 ,develop$ & ,adopt$10 :i* ! ,dep>tm5t pr9t$4 ,x 0 prep>$ 9 a giv5 "t & 0 meag]2 & s9ce x appe>$ ,i h ga!r$ additional in=mation conc]n+ ! hi/ory ( ! seal1 :i* ,i n[ h ! honor to (f] ! ,dep>tm5t1 ! edition ( ! monograph ( #ahib be+ exhau/$4 ,9 #ahig ,mr4 ,*>les ,a4 ,l4 ,tott5 publi%$ 8 two-volume "w 9 ,new ,hav51 8,our ,inh]itance 9 ! ,great ,seal ( ,manasseh1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica3 ,its ,hi/ory & ,h]aldry2 & ,its ,signification unto ! #8,great ,p' ?us ,seal$20 & ,i take pleasure 9 ackn[l$g+ my indebt$ness to ,mr4 ,tott5's book = mu* valuable in=mation conc]n+ ! seal4 ,i h ! honor to be1 ,sir1 ,y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,gaill>d ,,hunt1 ,*ief1 ,division ( ,manuscripts4 ,,libr>y ,,( ,,congress1 ,april #cj1 #aiji4 ,,! ,,seal ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,i ,,! ,,fir/ ,,device ,late 9 ! aft]noon ( ,july #d1 #aggf1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress 8,resolv$1 ,t ,dr4 ,frankl91 ,mr4 ,j4 ,adams & ,mr4 ,jeff]son be a committee to prep>e a device = a ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica10#a ?is be+ ! same committee1 except = ! omission f x ( ,rob]t ,r4 ,liv+/on & ,rog] ,%]man1 :i* _h drawn up ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,! ,decl>ation _h be5 sign$ ab\t #b o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 & ! memb]s ( ! ,congress assembl+ aft] d9n]#b desir$ to complete ! evid5ces ( ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by =mally adopt+ an (ficial sign ( sov]eignty & a national coat ( arms4 ,x 0 int5d$ t ! device = ! seal %\ld be ! device = ! national arms1 & ! fir/ & ea* succe$+ committee hav+ ! bus9ess 9 *>ge con/ru$ its duty to be to devise ! arms by devis+ ! seal4 ,9 mak+ ! two id5tical ! prevail+ cu/om 0 obs]v$1 = seals are deem$ pro( ( ! coats ( arms ( ! /ates or individuals us+ !m4 ,! great seal ( ,france at ! "t ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 0 sign$ conta9$ z ! obv]se ! arms ( ,france1 & ^u ! silv] box conta9+ ! great seal ( ,engl& :5 x 0 atta*$ to a treaty 0 engrav$ ! arms ( ,engl&4#c ,! great seal ( ,engl& 0 itself1 h[ev]1 an exception to ! g5]al rule1 z x did n at t "t1 nor = _m ye>s lat]1 conta9 ! arms ( ! ,k+dom2 b on ! obv]se ! figure ( ! ,k+ on horseback & on ! rev]se ( ! ,k+ seat$ on ! ?rone4#d ,! committee to design ! arms ( ! new nation _h no national prec$5t to foll[1 = ! arms ( a k+dom are ne>ly always ^? ( ! sov]eign or 8 family1 & ! new ,republic c\ld accept no individual's arms4 ,! sev]al colonies1 h[ev]1 ea* _h a seal1 & ^!1 z !y 7 g5]ally significant & simple1 w\ld h be5 a fair guide to ! exig5cies ( a national seal4 ,! memb]s ( ! committee1 h[ev]1 _h an idea t an allegorical picture significant ( ! =tunes & de/9y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld be m appropriate2 b z none ( !m c\ld draw !y call$ into consultation ,eugne ,pi]re ,du ,simitire1 a ,we/ ,indian ,fr5*man :o liv$ 9 ,philadelphia & _h a reputation z an arti/ & au?or4 ,john ,adams1 9 a lett] to 8 wife1 ,augu/ #ad1 #aggf1 told ! /ory ( ! committee's ef=ts to make ! seal3 ,du ,simitire is a pa9t] by pr(ession1 ^: designs are v +5i\s1 & 8 draw+s well execut$4 ,he has be5 appli$ to = 8 advice4 ,i wait$ on him ye/]day1 & saw 8 sket*es4 99 99 99 ,= ! seal he proposes ! arms ( ! sev]al nations f :5ce ,am]ica has be5 peopl$1 z ,engli%1 ,scot*1 ,iri%1 ,dut*1 ,g]man1 etc41 ea* 9 a %ield4 ,on "o side ( !m1 ,lib]ty ) h] pileus1 on ! o!r1 a rifl] 9 8 uni=m1 ) 8 rifle-gun 9 "o h& & 8 tomahawk 9 ! o!r2 ?is dress & ^! troops ) ?is k9d ( armor be+ peculi> to ,am]ica1 unless ! dress 0 kn[n to ! ,romans4 99 99 99 ,dr4 ,f4 proposes a device = a seal3 ,moses lift+ up 8 w& & divid+ ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ,ph>aoh 9 8 *>iot ov]:elm$ ) ! wat]s4 ,?is motto1 8,rebellion to tyrants is ob$i5ce to ,god40 ,mr4 ,jeff]son propos$ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 9 ! wild]ness1 l$ by a cl\d by day & a pill> ( fire by night2 on ! o!r side1 ,h5gi/ & ,horsa1 ! ,saxon *iefs f :om we claim ! honor ( be+ desc5d$1 & ^: political pr9ciples & =m ( gov]nm5t we h assum$4 ,i propos$ ! *oice ( ,h]cules1 z engrav$ by ,gribel91 9 "s editions ( ,"l ,%aftesbury's works4 ,! h]o re/+ on 8 club4 ,virtue po9t+ to h] rugg$ m\nta9 on "o h&1 & p]suad+ him to asc5d4 ,slo?1 glanc+ at h] fl[]y pa?s ( pleasure1 wantonly recl9+ on ! gr\nd1 display+ ! *>ms bo? ( h] eloqu5ce & p]son1 to s$uce him into vice4 ,b ?is is too complicat$ a gr\p = a seal or a m$al1 & x is n orig9al4#e ,adams's /atem5t is corroborat$ by ! notes pres]v$ by ,jeff]son & n[ among 8 pap]s 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,frankl9's note reads3 ,moses /&+ on ! ,%ore1 & ext5d+ 8 ,h& ov] ! ,sea1 !reby caus+ ! same to ov]:elm ,ph>oah :o is sitt+ 9 an op5 ,*>iot1 a ,cr[n on 8 ,head & a ,sword 9 8 ,h&4 ,rays f a ,pill> ( ,fire 9 ! ,cl\ds rea*+ to ,moses to express t he acts by ,comm& ( ! ,deity4 ,motto1 ,rebellion to ,tyrants is ,ob$i5ce to ,god4 ,jeff]son's note says3 ,ph>oah sitt+ 9 an op5 *>iot1 a cr[n on 8 head & a sword 9 8 h& pass+ ?ro' ! divid$ wat]s ( ! ,r$ ,sea 9 pursuit ( ! ,israelites3 rays f a pill> ( fire 9 ! cl\d1 expressive ( ! div9e pres5ce & comm&1 rea*+ to ,moses :o /&s on ! %ore &1 ext5d+ 8 h& ov] ! sea1 causes x to ov] :elm ,ph>oah4 ,motto ,rebellion to tyrants is ob$ce4 to god4#f ,adams's own design 01 z he says1 t ( ! engrav+ by ,gribel91 ,paulo de ,ma?is1 arti/1 :i* appe>$ z frontispiece to ! ,e>l ( ,%aftesbury's ,treatise ,,vii1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 edition ( #aggc1 on ! ,*>act]i/ics ( ,m51 ,mann]s1 ,op9ions1 & ,times4#g ,x is a f9e allegorical picture & ,adams gives a good description ( x 9 8 lett]1 b x is :olly unsuit$ to a coat ( arms4 ,9 ?is respect1 h[ev]1 ! pictures sugge/$ by ,frankl9 & ,jeff]son 7 no bett]4 ,9 ,du ,simitire's f9al design1 :i* 0 ! be/ ( ! f\r1 ! ,goddess ( ,ju/ice 0 sub/itut$ = ! ,am]ican rifleman z ! s9i/] support]1 & ,frankl9's sugge/ion 0 accept$ = ! rev]se4 ,! committee report$ ,augu/ #bj3h ,! great ,seal %\ld on "o side h ! ,arms ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica :i* arms %\ld be z foll[s3 ,! ,%ield has six ,qu>t]s1#i p>ti "o1 c\p two4 ,! #a/4 ,or1 a ,rose enamell$ gules arg5t = ,engl&3 ! #b;d4 ,arg5t1 a ,?i/le prop] = ,scotl&3 ! #c;d4 ,v]d1 a ,h>p ,or1 = ,irel&3 ! #d?4 ,azure a ,fl[] de ,luce ,or = ,france3 ! #e?4 ,or ! ,imp]ial ,eagle ,sable = ,g]many3 & ! #f?4 ,or ! ,belgic ,lion ,gules = ,holl&1 po9t+ out ! ,c\ntries f :i* ^! ,/ates h be5 peopl$4 ,! ,%ield )9 a ,bord] ,gules entoire ( ?irte5 ,scut*eons ,arg5t l9k$ toge!r by a ,*a9 ,or1 ea* *>g$ ) initial ,lett]s ,sable z foll[s3 #a/4 ,n4 ,h4 #b;d4 ,m4 ,b4 #c;d4 ,r4 ,i4 #d?4 ,c4 #e?4 ,n4 ,y4 #f?4 ,n4 ,j4 #g?4 ,p4 #h?4 ,d4 ,c4#aj #i?4 ,m4 #aj?4 ,v4 #aa?4 ,n4 ,c4 #ab?4 ,s4 ,c4 #ac?4 ,g4 = ea* ( ! ?irte5 indep5d5t ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,support]s1 dext] ! ,goddess ,lib]ty 9 a corselet ( arm\r allud+ to ! pres5t ,times1 hold+ 9 h] "r ,h& ! ,spe> & ,cap & ) h] left support+ ! ,%ield ( ! ,/ates2 s9i/]1 ! ,goddess ,ju/ice be>+ a ,sword 9 h] "r h&1 & 9 h] left a ,balance4 ,cre/ ,! ,eye ( ,provid5ce 9 a radiant ,triangle ^: ,glory ext5ds ov] ! ,%ield & beyond ! ,figures4 ,motto ,e ,,pluribus ,,unum4 ,leg5d1 r\nd ! :ole at*ievem5t4 ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,,mdcclxxvi4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! said ,great ,seal %\ld be ! foll[+ ,device4 ,ph>aoh sitt+ 9 an op5 ,*>iot1 a ,cr[n on 8 head & a ,sword 9 8 h& pass+ ?r\gh ! divid$ ,wat]s ( ! ,r$ ,sea 9 pursuit ( ! ,israelites2 ,rays f a pill> ( ,fire 9 ! ,cl\d1 expressive ( ! div9e ,pres5ce & ,comm&1 beam+ on ,moses :o /&s on ! ,%ore & ext5d+ 8 h& ov] ! ,sea causes x to ov]:elm ,ph>aoh4 ,motto ,rebellion to ,tyrants is ,ob$i5ce to ,god4#aa ,?is is endors$1 8,copy ( a ,report made ,aug4 #aj1 #aggf10 & is 9 ! h&writ+ ( no memb] ( ! committee1 b ( ,james ,lovell4 ,! description ( ! arms by ,du ,simitire is among ! ,jeff]son ,pap]s 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 & %[s a design id5tical ) t approv$ by ! committee1 except z to ! support]s1 ,du ,simitire's description be+3 ,support]s1 dext]1 ! ,goddess ,lib]ty1 9 a corslet ( arm\r1 7allud+ to ! pres5t times7 hold+ 9 h] "r h& ! ,spe> & ,cap1 re/+ ) h] left on an an*or1 emblem ( ,hope4 ,s5e/]1 an am]ican ,soldi]1 compleatly acc\tr$ 9 8 hunt+ %irt & tr\s]s1 ) 8 tomahawk1 p[d] horn1 p\* c4 hold+ ) 8 left h& 8 rifle gun re/$1 & ! ,%ield ( ! ,/ates ) 8 "r4 ,illu/ration3 ,rev]se ,draw+ by ,b5son ,j4 ,loss+ f ! description ,illu/ration3 ,obv]se ,! p5cil sket* by ,du ,simitire1 f\nd 9 ! ,jeff]son ,pap]s ,,! ,,fir/ ,,design ,face p4 #ab ,a note foll[+ ! report says3 8,! figure ( ,lib]ty /&+ on a ,column1 on :i* are ! emblems ( comm]ce1 agriculture & arms40 ,two features alone ( ! designs ( ?is committee 7 pres]v$ 9 ! f9al seal1 ! eye ( ,provid5ce1 :i* figur$ 9 ! f9al rev]se1 & ! motto 8,e pluribus unum10 :i* appe>$ 9 ! f9al obv]se4 ,! eye 0 an adoption ( a v anci5t symbol ( ! ov]see+ ,god4 ,x 0 probably sugge/$ by ,du ,simitire himself1 s9ce ,adams does n m5tion x z hav+ be5 propos$ by any memb] ( ! committee4 ,! motto =m$ a "p ( ,du ,simitire's design1 b has be5 g5]ally attribut$ to ,jeff]son4#ab ,adams's lett] %[s no?+ to sugge/ ! possibility t he himself *ose ! motto2 on ! contr>y1 8 m9d 0 full ( a moral r ?an a political allegory = ! arms4 ,jeff]son's m9d _h1 on ! o!r h&1 already be5 engag$ on ! subject ( a suitable device = a seal to express ! idea ( weakness 9 sep>ation ( ! ,/ates & p[] 9 _! comb9ation4 ,9 #aggd he made ?is note 9 8 almanac3 ,a prop] device 7in/ead ( arms7 = ! ,am]ican /ates unit$ w\ld be ! ,fa!r pres5t+ ! bundle ( rods to 8 sons4 ,! motto 8,insup]abiles si insep]abiles0 an answ] giv5 9 p>liam5t to ! ,house ( ,lds1 commons4#ac ,jeff]son's pref]5ce = a 8device0 r ?an a coat ( arms 0 due to ! fact t he ?\ght m allegorical mean+ c\ld be obta9$ by us+ ! =m]4 ,! idea he wi%$ to convey 0 f "o ( sop's fables4 ,a fa!r call$ 8 family ( discordant sons ab\t him1 & tak+ a bundle ( rods b\nd compactly toge!r bade ea* "o try to break x1 :i* none c\ld d4 ,he !n gave ea* "o a s+le rod f ! bundle & !y 7 brok5 easily4 ,! motto 8,e pluribus unum0#ad 0 9 famili> use 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & naturally sugge/$ itself z a fitt+ description ( ! union ( ! ,/ates depict$ 9 ,du ,simitire's design4 ,frankl9 sugge/$ ! motto 8,rebellion to tyrants is ob$i5ce to ,god10 :i*1 z we h se51 0 incorporat$ 9 ! propos$ rev]se ( ! seal4 ,x s mu* pleas$ ,jeff]son t he took x z 8 own motto1 & _h x cut ^u 8 private seal4 ,x 0 curr5t 9 ! colonies z "p ( a fictiti\s epitaph ov] ! body ( ,john ,brad%aw1 presid5t ( ! c\rt :i* condemn$ ,*>les ,i to dea?4 ,?omas ,hollis1 ( ,engl&1 born 9 ,london 9 #agbj1 & "o ( ! e>ly patrons ( ,h>v>d ,college1 9 8 memoirs1 /ates3#ae ,! foll[+ ,epitaph is (t5 se5 pa/$ up 9 ! h\ses 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x ?r[s "s light ^u ! pr9ciples ( ! p1 & may 9 "s measure acc\nt = ! asp]ity ( ! w> c>ry+ on aga9/ !m4 ,! orig9al is engrav$ ^u a cannon at ! summit ( a /eep hill ne> ,m>?a ,bray ,bay 9 ,jamaica3 ,,/rang] ,ere ?\ pass1 contemplate ?is cannon1 ,nor reg>dless be told ,t ne> its base lies deposit$ ! du/ ,( ,,john ,,brad%aw2 ,:o1 nobly sup]ior to selfi% reg>ds1 ,despis+ alike ! pageantry ( c\rtly spl5dor1 ,! bla/ ( calumny1 ,& ! t]rors ( royal v5geance1 ,presid$ 9 ! illu/ri\s b& ( ,h]oes & ,patriots1 ,:o fairly & op5ly adjudg$ ,,*>les ,,/u>d ,tyrant ( ,engl& ,to a public & exempl>y dea?2 ,!reby pres5t+ to ! amaz$ _w1 ,& transmitt+ d[n ?r\gh applaud+ ages1 ,! mo/ glori\s example ,( un%ak5 virtue1 ,love ( ,fre$om1 ,& imp>tial ju/ice1 ,ev] exhibit$ on ! blood-/a9$ !at] ,( human actions4 ,oh1 ,read]1 ,pass n on1 till ?\ ha/ ble/ 8 memory6 ,& nev]1 nev] =get1 ,t ,,rebellion ,,to ,,tyrants ,,is ,,ob$i5ce ,,to ,,god4 ,a copy ( ?is supposititi\s epitaph1 9 ,jeff]son's h&writ+1 0 giv5 to 8 "y fri5d1 ,de ,lyon1 "o ( ! ,fr5*m5 :o 0 ) ,lafayette on 8 t\r ( ,am]ica 9 #ahbd4 ,! manuscript 0 dat$ #aggf1 & /at$ t ! inscription _h be5 f\nd ?ree ye>s e>li] on ! cannon at ,m>?a ,bay1 ,jamaica4 ,a note1 evid5tly by ,mr4 ,jeff]son himself1 8 biograph] /ates1 says3 ,f _m circum/ances !re is reason to believe !re does n exi/ any su* inscription z ! above1 & t x 0 writt5 by ,dr4 ,frankl91 9 ^: h&s x 0 fir/ se54#af ,al?\gh ,du ,simitire1 z x w\ld appe> f ,john ,adams's lett]1 drew 8 designs = ! committee1 !y 7 n pres]v$ among ! pap]s ( ,congress1 a v slight p5cil sket* ( 8 propos$ obv]se f\nd among ,jeff]son's pap]s be+ all t rema9s4 ,! committee's report 0 laid ^u ! table1 & = ne>ly f\r ye>s ! ,unit$ ,/ates exi/$ )\t a coat ( arms & ,congress did bus9ess )\t an (ficial seal4 ,,ii ,,! ,,lovell ,,committee ,on ,june #ad1 #aggg1 ,congress adopt$ ! national flag ( ?irte5 /ripes1 alt]nate r$ & :ite1 ) a union ( ?irte5 :ite />s ^u a blue field1 8repres5t+10 z ! law said1 8a new con/ellation40 ,! flag _h actually come into use 9 ! army "s mon?s be=e x receiv$ legal sanction1 its *ief features probably sugge/$ by ! ,dut* /&>d4 ,! r$ d5ot$ d>+1 ! :ite purity1 & ! />s ! ,/ates 9 union4#ag ,illu/ration3 ,rev]se ,illu/ration3 ,arms ,,designs ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,committee ,r$uc$ "o-half ,face p4 #ai ,! ,am]ican m9i/] to ,france1 ,silas ,deane1 compla9$ ( ! in=mality & impropriety ( ! repres5tatives ( ! sov]eignty ( a nation be+ )\t a seal ) :i* to au!nticate _! (ficial acts1 b ! subject 0 treat$ ) indiff]5ce4 ,on ,janu>y #bc1 #aggg1 a committee appo9t$ to exam9e ! files ( ,congress1 ,william ,ell]y ( ,rhode ,isl&1 *airman1 select$ c]ta9 pap]s :i* x ?\ght requir$ ! consid]ation ( ,congress--among !m ! 8,report on a ,device = a public seal0#ah--;b x 0 n until ,m>* #be1 #aghj1 t ! report 0 tak5 up aga91 :5 ,james ,lovell ( ,massa*usetts1 ,john ,mor9 ,scott ( ,virg9ia1 & ,william ,*ur*ill ,h\/on ( ,new ,j]sey 7 appo9t$ a committee to report a design = a great seal1 & to !m 0 ref]r$ ! report ( ! fir/ committee4 ,! *airman ( ! committee & ! mo/ important memb] 0 ,lovell4 ,he 0 a ,bo/on s*ool-tea*] & a graduate ( ,h>v>d ,college4 ,be+ imprison$ by ! ,briti% aft] ! battle ( ,bunk] ,hill1 he 0 lat] ex*ang$ & ent]$ ,congress 9 ,decemb]1 #aggf1 :]e he s]v$ till #aghb1 be+ = a long "t on ! ,committee ( ,=eign ,affairs4 ,:ile s]v+ on ?is committee he mu/ h receiv$ ,deane's compla9t t ,congress _h no seal4 ,lovell 0 reg>d$ z a man ( great le>n+1 b 0 extremely ecc5tric 9 8 mann]s & spee*4#ai ,! committee report$ ,may #aj3 ,! ,comittee to :om 0 ref]r$ on ! #be? ( ,m>* la/ ! report ( a =m] ,comittee on ! ,device ( a ,great ,seal = ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,congress assembl$1 beg ,leave to report ! foll[+ ,description4 ,! ,seal to be #c ,in*es 9 ,diametre ,on "o ,side ! ,arms ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z foll[s2 ,! ,%ield *>g$ on ! ,field ,azure ) #ac diagonal ,/ripes alt]nate r\ge & arg5t--,support]s2 dext]1 a w>ri\r hold+ a ,sword2 s9i/]1 a ,figure1 repres5t+ ,peace be>+ an ,olive ,bran*--,! ,cre/--a radiant con/ellation ( #ac ,/>s--,! motto ,bello vel ,paci2 ,! ,leg5d r\nd ! ,at*ievem5t--,! great ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,on ! rev]se1 ,! ,figure ( ,lib]ty seat$ 9 a ,*air hold+ ! ,/aff & ,cap--,! motto virtute p]5nis--und]nea?1 ,,mdcclxxvi4 ,a ,draw+ ( ! ,seal is annex$-- ,may #aj? #aghj-- ,a ,m9iature ( ! ,face ( ! great ,seal to be prep>$ ( ,half ! ,diametre1 to be affix$ z ! less ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! report is endors$1 8,report ( ! ,comeee4 on ! device ( a great ,seal--,deliv]$ ,may #aj1 #aghj read--,may #ag1 #aghj ,recommitt$4 ,n4 ,b4 ,! )9 report has be5 alt]$ s9ce ! ,recommitm5t ( ,may #ag1 #aghj10 ! endorsem5t be+ 9 ! h&writ+ ( ,*>les ,?omson1 ! ,secret>y ( ,congress1 except ! note1 :i* is 9 ! same h& z ! report1 app>5tly1#bj t ( ,h\/on2 b ! motto virtute p]5nis 9 ! report is 9 ,?omson's h&4 ,! committee submitt$ designs ( bo? obv]se & rev]se4 ,! m f9i%$ ( ^? = an obv]se has ! /ripes alt]nate :ite & r$1 :]eas ! report call$ = r$ & :ite4 ,a second & r\gh] design %[s a slightly diff]5t arrangem5t ( ! con/ellation1 a helmet z a cre/1 :i* is /ruck out z unsatisfactory1 & a %ield ) alt]nate r$ & :ite /ripes4 ,= dext] support] !re is a nak$ ,indian c>ry+ 9 8 "r h& a b[ & arr[4 ,two draw+s 7 made = ! rev]se1 ! diff]5ces betwe5 !m n be+ great4 ,9 "o ! figure c>ries 9 h] left h& a sword in/ead ( an olive bran*1 & at ! bottom is ! date ,,mdcclxxx1 :ile at ! top ! motto1 8,aut haec aut nullus10 has a l9e drawn ?r\gh x2 ano!r has ov] ! top outside ! circle ! words 8,lib]tas virtute p]5nis10 a l9e hav+ be5 drawn ?r\gh ! ^w 8,lib]tas20 )9 ! circle is ! ^w ,semp] /ruck out & ! date is ,,mdcclxxvi4 ,und]nea? is ?is fragm5t ( a note3 8a r\gh ,sket* ( ! ,design ,decorations by ! ----40 ,! report ( ?is committee is important1 because x %[s = ! fir/ "t ! use ( ! con/ellation ( ?irte5 />s1 ! %ield1 & ! :ite & r$ & r$ & :ite /ripes4 ,! /ripes & />s _h und\bt$ly be5 adopt$ f ! flag4 ,9 ^! designs appe>s = ! fir/ "t ! olive bran* z an emblem ( peace4 ,,iii ,,william ,,b>ton',s ,,designs ,! report ( ! ,lovell committee met ) ! same fate z ! report ( ! fir/ committee4 ,x 0 recommitt$1 & no?+ fur!r 0 done until ,may1 #aghb1 :5 ,ar?ur ,middleton ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,elias ,b\d9ot ( ,new ,j]sey1 & ,edw>d ,rutl$ge ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7 appo9t$ a committee to design a seal4 ,! two ,s\? ,c>ol9ians 7 m5 ( =eign education1 & a cultivat$ g5tleman 9 ^? days usually _h "s k ( h]aldry4 ,b\d9ot _h an int]e/ 9 co9s & m$als1 x is presum$1 z he 0 appo9t$ ,director ( ! ,m9t at ,philadelphia 9 #agie4 ,?is committee did no indep5d5t labor ( a s]i\s "*1 b call$ into consultation ,william ,b>ton1 ,a4 ,m41 a private citiz5 ( ,philadelphia4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,rev4 ,?omas ,b>ton1 rector ( ,/4 ,james ,episcopal ,*ur*1 8 "m be+ a si/] ( ! fam\s ,david ,ritt5h\se1#ba & 9 #ahac he publi%$ a memoir ( ,ritt5h\se4 ,he 0 also ! au?or ( a monograph on ! nature & use ( ,pap] ,cr$it1 etc4 7,philadelphia1 #agha74 ,! reasons :i* prompt$ ! committee to g to him are n kn[n4 ,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t he _h /udi$ h]aldry1 & 8 draw+s %[ t he 0 +5i\s 9 ! use ( 8 p5cil4 ,f ! "t he fir/ appe>s 9 connection ) ! seal he is ! c5tral figure1 until he divides ! honors ) ! ,secret>y ( ,congress1 ,*>les ,?omson4 ,rutl$ge's connection ) ! committee 0 nev] active1 & ,ar?ur ,lee1 :o _h rec5tly return$ f ,france1 act$ ) x1 al?\gh nev] =mally assign$ z a memb]4 ,b>ton's fir/ design = ! seal 0 z foll[s3 ,a ,device = an ,armorial ,at*ievem5t1 = ! ,great ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 9 ,congress assembl$2 agreeable to ! ,rules ( ,h]aldry3--propos$ by ,william ,b>ton1 ,a4 ,m4 ,arms4 ,b>ry ( ?irte5 pieces1 ,arg5t ,gules2 on a ,canton1 ,azure1 z _m ,/>s dispos$ 9 a ,circle1 ( ! fir/3 a ,pale1 ,or1 surm\nt$ ( ano!r1 ( ! ?ird2 *>g$1 9 ,*ief1 ) an ,eye surr\nd$ ) a ,glory1 prop]2 &1 9 ! ,fess-po9t1 an ,eagle display$1 on ! ,summit ( a ,doric ,column :i* re/s on ! ,base ( ! ,escut*eon1 bo? z ! ,/>s4 ,cre/4 ,on an ,helmet ( burni%$ ,gold damask$1 grat$ ) six ,b>s1 & surm\nt$ ( a ,cap ( ,dignity1 ,gules1 turn$ up ,erm9e1 a ,cock arm$ ) ,gaffs1 prop]3 ,support]s ,on ! dext] ,side3 ! ,g5ius ( ,am]ica 7repres5t$ by a ,maid5 ) loose ,auburn ,tresses1 hav+ on h] ,head a radiat$ ,cr[n1 ( ,gold1 encircl$ ) a ,sky-blue ,fillet ,spangl$ ) ,silv] ,/>s2 & clo!d 9 a long1 loose1 :ite g>m5t1 bord]$ ) ,gre53 f h] "r ,%\ld] to h] left ,side1 a ,sc>f sem ( ,/>s1 ! ,t9ctures !re( ! same z 9 ! ,canton2 & r\nd h] ,wai/ a purple ,girdle fr+$ or2 embroid]$1 ,arg5t1 ) ! ,^w 8,virtue037--re/+ h] int]ior ,h& on ! ,escut*eon2 & hold+ 9 ! o!r ! prop] ,/&>d ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 hav+ a ,dove1 arg5t1 p]*$ on ! ,top ( x4 ,on ! s9i/] side3 a ,man 9 complete ,arm\r2 8 ,sword-belt1 ,azure1 fr+$ ) ,gold2 8 ,helmet encircl$ ) a ,wrea? ( ,laurel1 & cre/$ ) "o :ite two blue ,plumes3 support+ ) 8 dext] ,h& ! ,escut*eon1 & hold+1 9 ! ext]ior1 a ,lance ) ! po9t sangu9at$2 & ^u x a ,bann] display$1 ,v]t1--9 ! ,fess-po9t an ,h>p1 or1 /r+$ ) ,silv]1 betwe5 a ,/> 9 ,*ief1 two ,fleurs-de-lis 9 ,fess1 & a pair ( ,swords 9 ,salti]1 9 ,base1 all ,arg5t4 ,! ,t5ants ( ! ,escut*eon /& on a ,scroll1 on :i* ! foll[+ ,motto-- 8,deo fav5te0-- :i* alludes to ! ,eye 9 ! ,arms1 meant = ! ,eye ( ,provid5ce4 ,ov] ! ,cre/1 9 a ,scroll1 ?is ,motto-- 8,virtus sola invicta0-- :i* requires no comm5t4 ,! ?irte5 pieces1 b>ways1 :i* fill up ! ,field ( ! ,arms1 may repres5t ! sev]al ,/ates2 & ! same ,numb] ( ,/>s ^u a blue ,canton1 dispos$ 9 a ,circle1 repres5t a new ,con/ellation1 :i* alludes to ! new ,empire1 =m$ 9 ! ,_w by ! ,confd]ation ( ^? ,/ates--,_! ,disposition1 9 ! =m ( a circle1 d5otes ! ,p]petuity ( its ,cont9uance1 ! ,r+ be+ ! ,symbol ( ,et]nity4 ,! ,eagle display$ is ! ,symbol ( ,supreme ,p[] ,au?ority1 & signifies ! ,congress2 ! ,pill>1 ^u :i* x re/s1 is us$ z ! ,hi]oglyphic ( ,=titude ,con/ancy2 &1 x's be+ ( ! ,doric ,ord]1 7:i* is ! be/ proportion$ mo/ agreeable to ,nature17 compos$ ( sev]al ,memb]s or p>ts1 all1 tak5 toge!r1 =m+ a beautiful ,composition ( ,/r5g?1 ,congruity ,usefulness1 x may ) great propriety signify a well plann$ ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,eagle1 be+ plac$ on ! ,summit ( ! ,column1 is emblematical ( ! ,sov]eignty ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &1 z fur!r expressive ( t ,idea1 ^? two ,*>ges or ,figures are borne on a ,pale1 :i* ext5ds across ! ?irte5 pieces into :i* ! ,escut*eon is divid$4 ,! ,signification ( ! ,eye has be5 already expla9$4 ,! ,helmet is su* z app]ta9s to ,sov]eignty2 & ! ,cap is us$ z ! ,tok5 ( ,fre$om ,excell5cy3 ,x 0 =m]ly worn by ,dukes 8because10 says ,guillim1 8!y ,_h a m wor?y ,gov]nm5t ?an o!r ,subjects40--,! ,cock is di/+ui%$ = two mo/ excell5t ,qualities1 ,necess>y 9 a free ,c\ntry1 viz4 ,vigilance ,=titude4 ,! ,g5ius ( ! ,am]ican confd]at$ ,republic is d5ot$ by h] blue ,sc>f ,fillet1 glitt]+ ) ,/>s1 & by ! ,flag ( ,congress :i* %e displays4 ,h] ,dress is :ite edg$ ) gre52 ,col\rs emblematical ( ,innoc5ce & ,y\?4 ,h] purple ,girdle radiat$ ,cr[n indicate h] ,sov]eignty3 ! ,^w 8,virtue0 on ! =m] is to %[1 t t %\ld be h] pr9cipal ,ornam5t2 & ! radiat$ ,cr[n1 t no ,e>?ly ,cr[n %all rule h]4 ,! ,dove on ! ,top ( ! ,am]ican ,/&>d d5otes ! ,mildness ,l5ity ( h] ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,knight 9 ,arm\r ) 8 bloody ,lance repres5ts ! ,milit>y ,g5ius ( ! ,am]ican ,empire1 arm$ 9 ,def5ce ( its j ,rights4 ,8 blue ,belt blue ,fea!rs indicate 8 ,c\ntry1 ! :ite ,plume is 9 ,complim5t to our gallant ,ally4 ,! ,wrea? ( ,laurel r\nd 8 ,helmet is expressive ( 8 ,success4 ,! ,gre5 ,field ( ! ,bann] d5otes ,y\? & ,vigor2 ! ,h>p is emblematical ( ! sev]al ,/ates act+ 9 ,h>mony ,conc]t2 ! ,/>1 9 ,*ief1 has ref]5ce to ,am]ica1 z pr9cipal 9 ! ,conte/2 ! two ,fleurs-de-lis are borne z a grateful#bb ,te/imonial ( ! ,support giv5 to h] by ,france2 & ! two ,swords1 cross+ ea* o!r1 signify a ,/ate ( ,w>4 ,?is ,t5ant 8 ,flag relate1 totally1 to ,am]ica at ! ,"t ( h] ,revolution4 ,,william ,,b>ton4 ,?is1 ! fir/ device ( ,b>ton1 0 n illu/rat$1 & 8 second device1 ( :i* he (f]$ a color$ draw+1 diff]$ f x 9 t he transf]r$ ! eye to ! rev]se & ! eagle f ! summit ( ! column to ! cre/1 !reby elim9at+ ! cock4 ,he put at ! summit ( ! column a phnix ris+ f ! flames1 left out ! ,am]ican flag f ! dext] support]'s h&1 & *ang$ ! s9i/] support] f a w>rior 9 armor to "o 9 cont95tal uni=m1 hold+ 9 8 h& a baton in/ead ( a lance4 ,he also left out ! h>p & ! fleur-de-lis & transf]r$ ! motto to ! rev]se4 ,! fleur-de-lis 0 propos$ to commemorate ! alliance ) ,france1 ?is be+ ! only report 9 :i* ! alliance figur$4 ,! design is important1 because x e/abli%es ! fact t ! idea _h become fix$ ( hav+ 9 ! seal ! ?irte5 />s1 ! blue field1 & ?irte5 /ripes ( r$ & :ite or :ite & r$4 ,9 ?is design appe>s = ! fir/ "t ! eagle4 ,b>ton's second design 0 address$ to 8,! ,honble4 ,elias ,b\d9ot1 ,esqr4 ,ar?ur ,lee ,esq4 ,9 ,congress40 ,device = an ,armorial ,at*ievem5t ,rev]se ( a ,great ,seal1 = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica3 propos$ by ,william ,b>ton1 ,esqr4 ,a4 ,m4-- ,blazon$ accord+ to ! ,laws ( ,h]aldry-- ,arms4 ,b>ry ( ?irte5 pieces1 ,arg5t ,gules2 on a pale1 ,or1 a ,pill> ( ! ,doric ,ord]1 ,v]t1 rea*+ f ! ,base ( ! ,escut*eon to ! ,honor po9t2 & f ! ,summit !re(1 a ,phnix 9 ,flames ) ,w+s exp&$1 prop]2 ! :ole )9 a ,bord]1 ,azure1 *>g$ ) z _m ,/>s z pieces b>ways1 ( ! fir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,b>ton',s ,,second ,,design ,trac$ f ! orig9al & r$uc$ "o-half ,face p4 #bh ,cre/4 ,on a ,helmet ( ,burni%$ ,gold1 damask$1 grat$ ) six ,b>s1 a ,cap ( ,lib]ty1 ,v]t2 ) an ,eagle display$1 ,arg5t1 !reon3 hold+ 9 8 dext] ,talon a ,sword1 ,or1 hav+ a ,wrea? ( ,laurel susp5d$ f ! po9t2 &1 9 ! s9i/]1 ! ,ensign ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 prop]4 ,support]s4 ,on ! dext] side1 ! ,g5ius ( ! ,am]ican ,conf$]at$ ,republic3 repres5t$ by a ,maid51 ) fl[+ ,auburn ,tresses2 clad 9 a long1 loose1 :ite ,g>m5t1 bord]$ ) ,gre52 hav+ a ,sky-blue ,sc>f1 *>g$ ) ,/>s z 9 ! ,arms1 rea*+ across h] ,wai/ f h] "r ,%\ld] to h] left ,side2 &1 on h] ,head1 a radiat$ ,cr[n ( ,gold1 encircl$ ) an ,azure ,fillet spangl$ ) ,silv] ,/>s2 r\nd h] ,wai/ a purple ,girdle1 embroid]$ ) ! ,^w 8,virtus01 9 ,silv]3--a ,dove1 prop]1 p]*$ on h] dext] ,h&4 ,on ! s9i/] side1 an ,am]ican ,w>rior2 clad 9 an uni=m ,coat1 ( blue fac$ ) ,buff1 & 9 8 ,hat a ,cockade ( black :ite ,ribbons2 9 8 left ,h&1 a ,baton ,azure1 sem ( ,/>s ,arg5t4 ,motto1 ov] ! ,cre/-- 8,9 ,v9diciam ,lib]tatis0 ,motto1 "u ! ,arms-- 8,virtus sola invicta0 ,rev]se ( ! ,seal4 ,a ,pyramid ( ?irte5 ,/rata1 7or ,/eps7 ,or4 ,9 ! ,z5i?2 an ,eye1 surr\nd$ ) a ,glory1 prop]4 ,9 a ,scroll1 above--or 9 ! ,m>g9 8,deo fav5te0 ,! ,ex]gue 8,p]5nis0 ,rem>ks4 ,! ,imp]ial ,eagle ( ,g]many 7:i* is sable1 & ) two ,heads7 is repres5t$ ) a ,sword 9 "o ,talon1 & a ,sceptre 9 ! o!r4 ,! ,phnix is emblematical ( ! expir+ ,lib]ty ( ,brita91 reviv$ by h] ,desc5dants 9 ,am]ica4 ,! ,dove 7p]*$ on ! "r ,h& ( ! ,g5ius ( ,am]ica7 is ,emblematical ( ,innoc5ce & ,virtue4 ,! ,sword 7held by ! ,eagle7 is ! ,symbol ( ,c\rage1 ,au?ority ,p[]4 ,! ,flag or ,ensign d5otes ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ( ! sov]eignty ( :i* ! ,eagle is expressive4 ,! ,pill> is ! ,hi]oglyphic ( ,con/ancy ,=titude2 & is likewise emblematical ( ,beauty1 ,/r5g? ,ord]4 ,! ,pyramid signifies ,/r5g? ,duration4 ,! o!r p>ts h be5 expla9$4 ,! ,armorial ,at*ievem5ts ( ,sov]eign ,pr9ces ,/ates are usually blazon$ by ! planets1 to repres5t ! ,col\rs2 b t mode is purposely deviat$ f1 be+ condemn$ by ! be/ ,h]alds4 ,! committee adopt$ ?is complicat$ design & report$ x to ,congress ,may #i1 #aghb1 b ,congress 0 n satisfi$ ) x1 & on ,june #ac x 0 ref]r$ to ! ,secret>y ( ,congress4 ,! endorsem5t on ,b>ton's design is 9 ,?omson's h&1 except ! la/ s5t5ce1 8,pass$10 etc43 ,no4 #bf--,report ( ,mr4 ,middleton ,mr4 ,b\d9ot ,mr4 ,rutl$ge4 ,device ( a ,seal ,entd4 ,may #i1 #aghb ,june #ac-aghb ,ref]r$ to ! ,secy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,congress ,assembl$ to take ord]4 ,pass$ ,june #bj #aghb4 ,! numb] on ! report _h ref]5ce to ! arrangem5t ( pap]s 9 ! ,secret>y's (fice4 ,! words 8,pass$ ,june #bj #aghb10 _h ref]5ce to ! lat] design4 ,x %\ld be notic$ t ,b>ton t]m$ ! description ( 8 device a 8blazon0--t is1 a v]bal description s precise t a p]son und]/&+ h]aldry w\ld be able to draw & color ! arms correctly4 ,all ( ! o!r reports on ! seal 7 blazons also1 ?us %[+ ! purpose ( mak+ an illum9at$ arms4 ,b>ton's design = ! obv]se1 z he drew x = ! committee1 0 #i in*es by #h in*es l>ge1 & ! rev]se #b in*es 9 diamet]1 & bo? 7 9 colors1 ! color+ foll[+ ! description correctly1 & ! lett]+ & scroll "w be+ 9 black & :ite4 ,! circum/ances "u :i* ,b>ton 0 call$ ^u to submit 8 f9al design 7 not$ by him 9 a memor&um :i* he left among 8 pap]s3 ,9 ,june1 #aghb he says :5 ,congress 0 ab\t to =m an armorial device = a ,great ,seal = ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,*>les ,?omson1 ,esq41 !n ,secret>y ( ,congress1 ) ,hon4 ,ar?ur ,lee & ,elias ,b\d9ot1 memb] ( ,congress1 call$ on me & consult$ me on ! occasion4 ,! ,great ,seal1 = :i* ,i furni%$ ^! g5tlem5 ) devices 7z c]tifi$ by ,*>les ,?omson1 ,esq471 0 adopt$ by ,congress on ! #bj? ( ,june1 #aghb4 ,mr4 ,?omson in=m$ me1 f\r days aft]1 t !y met ) g5]al approbation4 ,w4 ,,b>ton4#bc ,,iv ,,! ,,secret>y',s ,,device ,b>ton's elaborate design fix$ ! rev]se1 b t "p ( ! seal does n appe> to h caus$ mu* discussion4 ,= ! obv]se x produc$ ! display$ eagle1 b ,b>ton's eagle 0 cre/$ & n ! ,am]ican or bald-head$ eagle4 ,! :ole matt] n[ hav+ by ord] ( ,congress come into ! h&s ( ,*>les ,?omson1 he took a radical dep>ture f all previ\s designs4 ,putt+ ! eagle z ! c5tral figure ( 8 design1 he specifi$ t x be an ,am]ican eagle1 ris+1 n display$4 ,z emblematic ( ! w> p[] he put 9 ! s9i/] talon a bundle ( arr[s1 :]e ,b>ton _h put ! ,am]ican flag1 introduc+ ! arr[s into ! seal = ! fir/ "t4 ,to picture peace he put 9 ! eagle's dext] talon an olive bran* :i* _h figur$ 9 ! device ( ! second committee1 in/ead ( ,b>ton's sword & wrea? ( laurel4 ,= ! cre/ he us$ ! con/ellation ( ?irte5 />s surr\nd$ by cl\ds1 z 9 ! second committee's report1 & arrang$ ! r$ & :ite /ripes1 :i* ! second committee _h made diagonal & ,b>ton horizontal1 9 *evrons1 "o side ( r$ & :ite1 ! o!r ( :ite & r$4 ,f ! report ( ! fir/ committee he took ! motto 8,e pluribus unum40 ,he made or _h made a r\gh draw+ ( 8 device1 :i* 0 color$4 ,x 0 almo/ #d in*es 9 diamet]4 ,= ! rev]se he adopt$ ,b>ton's device1 *ang+ only ! mottoes4 ,^! 7 f ,virgil1 8,audacibus annue cptis0 7favor my d>+ und]tak+71 be+ f\nd 9 ! neid1 book #i1 v]se #fbe 7also 9 ! ,georgics1 #a1 #dj71 & 8,magnus ab integro seclorum nascitur ordo0 7! great s]ies ( ages beg9s anew71 com+ f ! f\r? eclogue1 fif? v]se4 ,al?\gh ! =m 8seclorum0 0 adopt$1 ! m approv$ spell+ is 8sclorum40#bd ,! report :i* foll[s is entirely 9 ,?omson's h&writ+ & is endors$ by him 8,! ,secret>y's device30 ,device = an ,armorial ,at*ievem5t & ,rev]se ( a great ,seal = ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,congress ,assembl$4 ,arms4 ,on a field ,*evrons compos$ ( sev5 pieces on "o side six on ! o!r1 jo9$ toge!r at ! top 9 su* wise t ea* ( ! six be>s aga9/ or is support$ by supports two ( ! opposite side ! pieces ( ! *evrons on ea* side alt]nate r$ :ite4 ,! %ield born on ! brea/ ( an ,am]ican ,eagle on ! ,w+ ris+ prop]4 ,9 ! dext] talon ( ! ,eagle an ,olive bran* 9 ! s9i/] a bundle ( arr[s4 ,ov] ! head ( ! ,eagle a con/ellation ( ,/>s surr\nd$ ) bright rays & at a little di/ance cl\ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,?omson',s ,,design ,trac$ f ! orig9al ,face p4 #cd ,9 ! bill ( ! ,eagle a scroll ) ! words ,e pluribus unum4-- ,rev]se ,a pyramid unf9i%$ ,9 ! ,z5i? an ,eye 9 a triangle surr\nd$ ) a glory1 prop]4 ,ov] ! eye ^! words ,annuit cptis ,on ! base ( ! pyramid ! num]ical lett]s ,,mdcclxxvi & und]nea? ^! words ,novus ordo seclorum4 ,n4 ,b4 ! ,head tail ( ! ,am]ican bald ,eagle are :ite ! body w+s ( a lead or dove col\r4 ,?is design ( ,?omson's 0 return$ to ,b>ton1 :o *ang$ x by ins]t+ pales = ! *evrons1 ! colors alt]nat+ :ite & r$1 ) a blue *ief4 ,he re/or$ ! display$ eagle z 9 8 own design & specifi$ t ! bundle ( arr[s %\ld conta9 ?irte54 ,he also recomm5d$ t 9 ! ex]gue %\ld be ! date ( ,am]ican indep5d5ce & 9 ! m>g9 a ,lat9 leg5d1 8,sigul4 ,mag4 ,reipub4 ,confd410 b 9 ! f9al design ?is 0 left out4 ,! report 0 writt5 by ,b>ton & is endors$ by ,?omson1 8,mr4 ,b>ton's improvem5t on ! ,secret>y's device40 ,device = an ,armorial ,at*ievem5t = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 blazon$ agreeably to ! ,laws ( ,h]aldry--propos$ by ,wm4 ,b>ton1 ,a4 ,m4 ,arms4 ,paleways ( #be?irte5 pieces1 ,arg5t ,gules2 a ,*ief ,azure3--,! ,escut*eon plac$ on ! ,brea/ ( an ,am]ican 7! bald-head$7 ,eagle1 display$1 prop]2 hold+ 9 8 ,beak a ,scroll1 inscrib$ ) ?is ,motto1 viz4 8,e pluribus ,unum0-- ,& 9 8 dext] ,talon a ,palm or an ,olive ,bran*--9 ! o!r a ,bundle ( #ac ,arr[s2 all prop]4 ,= ! ,cre/4 ,ov] ! ,head ( ! ,eagle1 :i* appe>s above ! ,escut*eon1 a ,glory1 ,or2 break+ ?r\gh a ,cl\d1 prop]1 & surr\nd+ ?irte5 ,/>s =m+ a ,con/ellation1 ,arg5t1 on an ,azure ,field4 ,9 ! ,ex]gue ( ! ,great ,seal-- 8,jul4 iv4 ,,mdcclxxvi0-- ,9 ! ,m>g9 ( ! same-- 8,sigil4 ,mag4 ,reipub4 8,confd4 ,am]ic40 ,rem>ks4 ,! ,escut*eon is compos$ ( ! ,*ief ,pale1 ! two mo/ honorable ord9>ies3 ! latt] repres5t ! sev]al ,/ates2 all jo9$ 9 "o solid1 compact ,entire1 support+ a ,*ief1 :i* unites ! :ole repres5ts ,congress--,! ,motto alludes to ?is ,union4--,! ,col\rs or ,t9ctures ( ! ,pales are ^? us$ 9 ! ,flag ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--,:ite signifies ,purity ,innoc5ce2 ,r$1 ,h>d9ess ,val\r4 ,! ,*ief d5otes ,congress--,blue is ! ,gr\nd ( ! ,am]ican uni=m1 & ?is ,col\r signifies ,vigilance1 ,p]sev]ance ,ju/ice4 ,! ,mean+ ( ! ,cre/ is obvi\s1 z is likewise t ( ! ,olive ,bran* ,arr[s4 ,! ,escut*eon be+ plac$ on ! ,brea/ ( ! ,eagle display$ is a v anti5t ,mode ( be>+1 is truly imp]ial4 ,! ,eagle display$ is an ,h]aldical ,figure2 &1 be+ borne 9 ! ,mann] "h describ$1 supplies ! ,place ( ,support]s ,cre/4 ,! ,am]ican ,/ates ne$ no ,support]s b _! own ,virtue1 & ! ,pres]vation ( _! ,union ?r\gh ,congress4--,! ,pales 9 ! ,arms are kept closely unit$ by ! ,*ief1 :i* la/ likewise dep5ds on t ,union ! ,/r5g? result+ f x1 = its own ,support--! ,inf]5ce is pla94 ,w4 ,b4 ,june #ai?4 #aghb ,?is report orig9at$ f two s\rces1 ,?omson & ,b>ton1 & ! ag5cy ( ea* is cle>ly def9$4 ,! di/9ction ( produc+ ! arms ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c n ju/ly be accord$ :olly to ei!r1 b belongs :olly to bo?1 ) ! l>g] %>e ( di/9ction to ! ,secret>y1 ,*>les ,?omson4 ,on ,june #bd1 f\r days aft] ! seal _h be5 adopt$1 ,?omson wrote to ,b>ton3 ,i enclose y a copy ( ! device by :i* y h display$ y\r skill 9 h]aldic sci5ce1 & :i* meets ) g5]al approbation4 ,! *ief *ange made by ,b>ton 9 ,?omson's design 0 9 ! sub/itution = ! *evrons ( ?irte5 pales1 alt]nate :ite & r$1 ) a blue *ief1 & ?is has be5 (t5 attribut$1 )\t adequate w>rant1 to an outside s\rce1 :i* des]ves to be notic$4 ,sir ,john ,pre/wi* 0 a di/+ui%$ ,engli% antiqu>y & a fri5d ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,he enjoy$ an acqua9tance ) ,john ,adams :5 ! latt] 0 on 8 =eign mission 9 #aggi1 & !y conv]s$ on ! subject ( ! seal1 9 :i* ,adams1 ( c\rse1 took an int]e/1 z he _h be5 on ! fir/ committee to design x4 ,x appe>s t ,sir ,john made c]ta9 sugge/ions = a design :i* 7 aft]w>ds enl>g$ into a claim by o!rs t he _h made ! design ( ! arms :i* 0 f9ally adopt$4 ,sift+ f ! "q ! conjecture & inf]5ce surr\nd+ x "o fact is important4 ,x is set =? by ! hi/orian ,b5son ,j4 ,loss+ 9 ! ,field ,book ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution & ,w> ( #ahab3bf ,9 ! manuscript lett] be=e me he says1 writt5 9 #ahah by ,?omas ,b>ritt1 ,esq41 an em95t antiqu>y ( ,man*e/]1 ,engl&1 address$ to 8 son 9 ?is c\ntry1 is ! foll[+ /atem5t3 8,my fri5d1 ,sir ,john ,pre/wi*1 ,b>t41 told me he 0 ! p]son :o sugge/$ ! idea ( a coat ( arms = ! ,am]ican ,/ates to an embassador ,john ,adams f !nce1 :i* !y h se5 fit to put on _! moneys4 ,x is ?is1 he told me--p>ty p] pale ( ?irte5 /ripes1 :ite & r$1 ! *ief ( ! escut*eon1 blue1 signify+ ! protection ( ,heav5 ov] ! ,/ates4--,he says x 0 soon aft] adopt$1 z ! arms ( ! ,/ates1 & to give x m prom95ce 0 plac$ ^u ! brea/ ( a display$ eagle40 ,!re is no claim "h t ,sir ,john ,pre/wi* sugge/$ ! eagle z an emblem1 or ! plac+ ( ! %ield ^u ! eagle's brea/1 b simply ! pales & ! *ief4 ,! !ory is t ,adams communicat$ ?is sugge/ion to ,*>les ,?omson1 :o engraft$ x ^u 8 own & ,b>ton's designs4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t two %ields 7 already on ! files ( ,congress1 ) alt]nate r$ & :ite1 or :ite & r$1 /ripes1 & ,b>ton's fir/ design _h b>s ( ! same colors4 ,pre/wi*'s sugge/ion 01 !re=e1 no m ?an t !y be p]p5dicul> in/ead ( diagonal or p>allel1 & t ! *ief be blue2 b 9 ! device submitt$ by ! committee ( #aghj ! diagonal /ripes 7 *>g$ ^u a field azure4 ,sir ,john ,pre/wi*1 ( c\rse1 knew no?+ ( ^! designs1 & 8 /atem5t aft] ! seal 0 adopt$ 0 made 9 ignorance ( ! fact t ! ess5tials ( 8 sugge/ion 7 already be=e ,congress4#bg ,t 8 sugge/ion influ5c$ ! f9al result ev5 9 ! slight degree possible1 seems improbable4 ,:y did ,?omson1 ) ! ,pre/wi* sugge/ion be=e him1 make 8 fir/ %ield ( *evrons1 :i* ,b>ton1 x appe>s1 *ang$ to pales8 ,?omson may h told ,b>ton ( ! ,pre/wi* design1 b :at is m natural ?an t ,b>ton %\ld try ( 8 own initiative ! only new arrangem5t ( ! /ripes t 0 left to try8 ,diagonal /ripes1 b>s1 *evrons1 _h all figur$ 9 designs & _h n giv5 satisfaction4 ,pales 7 !n drawn & prov$ acceptable4 ,v ,,! ,,arms ,,adopt$ ,on ,june #bj1 #aghb1 ! seal 0 f9ally decid$ ^u4 ,on report ( ! secret>y1 to :om 7 ref]r$ ! sev]al reports on ! device = a great seal1 to take ord]3 ,! device = an armorial a*ievem5t & rev]se ( ! great seal = ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,congress assembl$1 is z foll[s3 ,,arms4 ,paleways ( ?irte5 pieces1 arg5t & gules2 a *ief1 azure2 ! escut*eon on ! brea/ ( ! ,am]ican eagle display$ prop]1 hold+ 9 8 dext] talon an olive bran*1 & 9 8 s9i/] a bundle ( ?irte5 arr[s1 all prop]1 & 9 8 beak a scroll1 inscrib$ ) ?is motto1 8,e pluribus ,unum40 ,= ! ,,cre/4 ,ov] ! head ( ! eagle1 :i* appe>s above ! escut*eon1 a glory1 or1 break+ ?r\gh a cl\d1 prop]1 & surr\nd+ ?irte5 />s1 =m+ a con/ellation1 arg5t1 on an azure field4 ,,rev]se4 ,a pyramid unf9i%$4 ,9 ! z5i?1 an eye 9 a triangle1 surr\nd$ ) a glory prop]4 ,ov] ! eye ^! words1 8,annuit ,cptis40 ,on ! base ( ! pyramid ! num]ical lett]s ,,mdcclxxvi4 ,& und]nea? ! foll[+ motto1 8,novus ,ordo ,seclorum40#bh ,,rem>ks ,,& ,,explanation ,! ,escut*eon is compos$ ( ! *ief pale1 ! two mo/ honorable ord9>ies4 ,! pieces1 paly1 repres5t ! ,sev]al ,/ates all jo9$ 9 "o solid compact entire1 support+ a ,*ief1 :i* unites ! :ole repres5ts ,congress4 ,! ,motto alludes to ?is union4 ,! pales 9 ! arms are kept closely unit$ by ! *ief & ! *ief dep5ds on t ,union ! /r5g? result+ f x = its support1 to d5ote ! ,conf$]acy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ! pres]vation ( _! ,union ?r\gh ,congress4 ,! col\rs ( ! pales are ^? us$ 9 ! flag ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica2 ,:ite signifies purity & innoc5ce1 ,r$1 h>d9ess val\r1 & ,blue1 ! col\r ( ! ,*ief signifies vigilance p]sev]ance ju/ice4 ,! ,olive bran* & arr[s d5ote ! p[] ( peace w> :i* is exclusively ve/$ 9 ,congress4 ,! ,con/ellation d5otes a new ,/ate tak+ its place & rank among o!r sov]eign p[]s4 ,! ,escut*eon is born on ! brea/ ( an ,am]ican ,eagle )\t any o!r support]s1 to d5ote t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ought to rely on _! own ,virtue4 ,rev]se4 ,! pyramid signifies ,/r5g? & ,duration3 ,! ,eye ov] x ! ,motto allude to ! _m signal int]positions ( provid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! ,am]ican cause4 ,! date und]nea? is t ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce & ! words "u x signify ! beg9n+ ( ! new ,am]ican ra1 :i* comm5ces f t date4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,seal 7#aghb7 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,second ,,seal 7#ahda7 ,face p4 #dc ,?is entire report is 9 ,?omson's h&writ+ & is endors$ by him3 8,device = a ,great ,seal = ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,congress ,assembl$4 ,pass$ ,june #bj1 #aghb40 ,9 ! j\rnals ( ,congress ! 8,rem>ks & explanation0 are left out1 b !y con/itute an ess5tial "p ( ! fundam5tal law z ,congress adopt$ x4 ,! diff]5t features ( ! seal _h all be5 9 common use 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a pap] curr5cy ( #agge appe>s a bundle ( ?irte5 arr[s2 9 ! ,m>yl& curr5cy ( ! same ye> a h& grasp+ an olive bran* ) ?irte5 leaves2 on a fifty-doll> bill issu$ 9 #aggh is an unf9i%$ pyramid1 ) ! motto 8,p]5nis20 9 ! ,massa*usetts copp] p5ny ( #aggf are ?irte5 />s1 surr\nd+ an eagle2 ! flag _h ! ?irte5 /ripes1 & s _h ! seal ( ! ,bo>d ( ,admiralty1 adopt$ ,may #d1 #aghj4 ,soon aft] ! seal 0 adopt$ ! obv]se 0 cut 9 brass2 b ! id5tity ( ! engrav] is unkn[n4 ,x 0 int5d$ to be impress$ 9 wax ov] a pap] waf]1 & is f\nd on a commission dat$ ,septemb] #af1 #aghb1 grant+ full p[] & au?ority to ,g5]al ,wa%+ton to arrange ) ! ,briti% = ex*ange ( prison]s ( w>4 ,! commission is sign$ by ,john ,hanson1 ,presid5t ( ,congress1 & c\nt]sign$ by ,*>les ,?omson1 ,secret>y1 ! seal be+ affix$ 9 ! upp] left-h& corn]1 in/ead ( ! l[] left-h& corn] z is n[ ! cu/om4 ,?is1 ! fir/ great seal to be made1 cont9u$ 9 use = fifty-n9e ye>s1 & hav+ be5 cut almo/ z soon z ! design 0 adopt$ may fairly be assum$ to repres5t correctly ! int5tions ( ! mak]s ( ! seal4 ,! second or ,lovell committee recomm5d$ a 8less seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates0 ( ! same design z ! great seal b ( small] diamet]1 b no o!r committee took cognizance ( ! cu/om :i* /ill prevails 9 _m c\ntries ( hav+ two pr9cipal seals ( /ate4 ,! idea _h n1 h[ev]1 :olly disappe>$ :5 ! ,con/itution 0 adopt$1 = 9 ! fir/ ,congress ,john ,v9+ ( ,delaw>e propos$ 7,june1 #aghi7 t a ,home ,dep>tm5t be provid$ = & t ! ,secret>y be requir$ to 8keep ! great seal1 & affix ! same to all public pap]s1 :5 x is necess>y2 to keep ! less] seal1 & affix x to commissions c40 ,9 ! debate :i* prec$$ ! defeat ( ! bill1 ,alex&] ,:ite ( ,virg9ia said ! great seal might be kept by ! ,secret>y ( ,=eign ,affairs1 & ! less] seal also4#bi ,no direct proposition 0 made1 h[ev]1 to create a less] seal4 ,:5 ! ,congress "u ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation ceas$ to exi/ & ! new ,gov]nm5t w5t into op]ation ,*>les ,?omson cont9u$ 9 *>ge ( ! great seal & ( ! records ( ! old ,gov]nm5t1 until provision = _! cu/ody %\ld be made4 ,on ,july #bd1 #aghi1 ,wa%+ton z ,presid5t wrote to him3 ,y w be pleas$1 ,sir1 to deliv] ! ,books1 ,records & ,pap]s ( ! late ,congress--! ,great ,seal ( ! f$]al ,union--& ! ,seal ( ! ,admiralty1 to ,mr4 ,rog] ,ald51 ! late ,deputy ,secret>y ( ,congress1 :o is reque/$ to take *>ge ( !m until fur!r directions %all be giv54 ,?us t]m9at$ ,?omson's connection ) ! seal :i* he _h done s mu* to design & h adopt$4 ,ald5 aft]w>ds describ$ 8 own appo9tm5t z t ( keep] ( ! seals & pap]s ( ! old ,congress4 ,on ,june #bg ! bill creat+ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,=eign ,affairs became a law1 ?is be+ ! fir/ executive dep>tm5t provid$ = "u ! ,con/itution1 b ! ,secret>y 0 n made ! keep] ( ! seal & x rema9$ 9 ,ald5's h&s until ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate 0 creat$4 ,! act creat+ ?is ,dep>tm5t 0 entitl$1 8,an act to provide = ! safe keep+ ( ! acts1 records1 & seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & = o!r purposes40 ,x enl>g$ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,=eign ,affairs into ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 & nam$ z ! pr9cipal (fic] ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,! ?ird section ( ! act read3 ,& be x fur!r enact$1 ,t ! seal h]et(ore us$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,congress assembl$1 %all be1 & h]eby is decl>$ to be1 ! ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! f\r? section read3 ,t ! said secret>y %all keep ! said seal1 & %all make out & record1 & %all affix ! said seal to all civil commissions to (fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to be appo9t$ by ! presid5t1 by & ) ! advice & cons5t ( ! s5ate1 or by ! presid5t alone4 ,provid$1 ,t ! said seal %all n be affix$ to any commission1 be=e ! same %all h be5 sign$ by ! presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor to any o!r in/rum5t or act1 )\t ! special w>rant ( ! presid5t !re=4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! act describ$ ! 8,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates0 & n ! 8,great ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 al?\gh 9 all ! prelim9>y reports & 9 ! adopt+ act ! t]m 8,great ,seal0 0 us$4 ,z no less] seal ( /ate 0 contemplat$ !re 0 really no object 9 designat+ ! only seal z ! 8,great ,seal10 al?\gh = ord9>y purposes x has nev] ceas$ to be call$ ! 8,great ,seal10 & is s d5om9at$ 9 ! decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt :]e its uses are set =?4 ,be=e ! seal 0 adopt$ ! commissions ( ,congress read simply 8,by ord] ( ,congress10 be+ sign$ by ! ,presid5t4 ,! c\nt]sign+ 01 8,atte/ ,*>les ,?omson1 ,secret>y40 ,:5 ! seal came into use ! =m 01 z x appe>s on ,wa%+ton's commission to ex*ange prison]s3 8,9 te/imony :]e( we h caus$ ^! ,lett]s to be made pat5t & ! ,great ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica to be !reunto affix$4 ,witness ,8 ,excell5cy ,john ,hanson ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,congress assembl$ ! ,sixte5? day ( ,septemb] & 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l "o ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & eighty two1 & ( our ,sov]eignty ,indep5d5ce ! sev5?40 ,aft] ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution & be=e any cu/odian ( ! seal 0 provid$ by ,congress1 ! word+ ran3 8,9 te/imony :]e( ,i h caus$ ^! lett]s to be made pat5t & ! ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to be h]eunto affix$4 ,giv5 "u my h& ! ---- day ( ---- 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l "o ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & eighty n9e10 ?is be+ sign$ by ! ,presid5t & n c\nt]sign$4 ,?is =m cont9u$ 9 use aft] ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate became by law ! keep] ( ! seal1 & 0 n *ang$ till ,augu/ #c1 #agij1 :5 ! recital 0 made to include ! ye> ( indep5d5ce & 0 c\nt]sign$ by ,?omas ,jeff]son z ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,?us1 s+ul>ly en\gh1 ! ab&onm5t ( ! t]m 8,great ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates0 began ) ! ,executive "s mon?s be=e x receiv$ legal sanction4 ,,vi ,,! ,,illegal ,,seal ,9 anci5t times a seal to au!nticate a docum5t 0 always impress$ ^u wax1 or metal1 or ev5 ^u clay2 b ?is gave place to ! m conv5i5t me?od ( impress+ ! seal directly ^u ! pap] by ! use ( two faces ( a die4 ,x 01 presumably1 a desire to introduce ?is improvem5t :i* prompt$ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate 9 #ahda to disc>d ! seal ( #aghb & h a new die cut4 ,! "w 0 ord]$ )\t any specific appropriation be+ made = ! purpose by ,congress1 & 0 entru/$ to ,edw>d ,/abl]1 ( ,s&y ,spr+1 ,md41 :]e he 0 po/ma/] f #ahbh to #ahhc1 :o cut _m gov]nm5t seals1 & _h a reputation z a seal engrav]4 ,he 0 d\btless p]mitt$ to design ! seal 9 8 own way1 & x 0 accept$ )\t notice be+ tak5 ( its palpable defici5cies f an arti/ic & h]aldic po9t ( view & its failure to satisfy ! pla9 requirem5ts ( ! law 9 ! important p>ticul> ( ! numb] ( arr[s 9 ! eagle's s9i/] talon4 ,9 reply to a lett] f ,john ,d4 ,*ampl91 jr41 9 #ahgg1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate said ( ! seal3 ,?is *ange f ! design ( ! seal ( #aghb does n appe> to h be5 au?oriz$ by law1 & ! cause ( x is unkn[n4#cj ,! inaccuracies ( ! design ( ! arms on ?is seal 7 ! subject ( grave criticism f "t to "t4 ,9 ! ,galaxy ,magaz9e = ,may1 #ahgg1 ,mr4 ,*ampl9 po9t$ out ! improp] arrangem5t ( ! pales1 ! r$ be+ twice z wide z ! :ite1 & ! fatal disreg>d ( ! law requir+ ?irte5 arr[s 9 ! eagle's s9i/] talon4 8,is x possible10 he said1 8t an arbitr>y alt]ation c be made 9 ! great seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! (ficials tempor>ily 9 *>ge ( x8 ,& if s1 :at is to prev5t "s future ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ) notions ( 8 own 9 reg>d to h]aldic be>+s1 f disc>d+ ! old seal altoge!r1 9 favor ( "s creation ( 8 own80 ,?is seal 0 cut :5 ,daniel ,web/] 0 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & a fair explanation ( its defici5cies is t he knew no?+ ab\t ! details ( ! prescrib$ design1 & entru/$ ! bus9ess ( secur+ a new seal to 8 subord9ates1 :o 7 equally ignorant2 & !y 9 turn entru/$ x to ! engrav]4 ,unque/ionably1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate has no au?ority to *ange ! device ( ! arms1 z x is prescrib$ by law1 9 ! slighte/ degree1 nor c\ld ! ,presid5t himself prop]ly au?orize su* a *ange4 ,z ! seal 0 creat$ by ,congress x w\ld require an act ( ,congress to alt] x4 ,9 ?is respect x is diff]5t f ! arms ( a mon>*y4 ,! arms ( ,great ,brita91 = example1 be+ =m$ f ^? ( diff]5t mon>*s1 h1 9 fact1 und]gone ?ree *anges s9ce ,am]ican indep5d5ce--9 #ahja1 :5 ! arms ( ,france 7 exclud$ & ! arms ( ,hanov] plac$ 8ov] all on an escut*eon ( pret5se10 8ensign$ ) ! electoral bonnet20 9 #ahaf1 :5 ! bonnet 0 *ang$ = ! ,hanov]ian cr[n2 & ^u ! dea? ( ,william ,,iv1 :5 ! pres5t arrangem5t 0 made4 ,h[ f> ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 z ! cu/odian ( ! seal1 may deviate f ! orig9al design 9 hav+ a new "o cut1 provid$ he adh]es to ! t]ms ( ! creat+ law1 is ano!r "q1 :i*1 z we %all see pres5tly1 0 f9ally decid$ 9 favor ( ! cons]vative side4 ,! c5t5nial anniv]s>y ( ! adoption ( ! seal 0 m>k$ by a revival 9 int]e/ conc]n+ x1 & ,c4 ,a4 ,l4 ,tott51 !n a fir/ lieut5ant 9 ! ,army1 call$ ! att5tion ( ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t to ! fact t ! rev]se _h nev] be5 cut1 sugge/+ t ! "t 0 appropriate = plac+ x ^u a m$al or co94 ,?is met ) ! approval ( ! ,dep>tm5t1 s f> z a m$al 0 conc]n$1 & "u ! sup]vision ( ,hon4 ,a4 ,l\d5 ,sn[d51 !n ,director ( ! ,m9t at ,philadelphia1 a m$al 0 /ruck 9 commemoration ( ! c5t5nial anniv]s>y ( ! adoption ( ! seal4 ,! obv]se closely resembl$ ! fir/ important illu/ration ( ! seal made aft] its adoption4 ,?is appe>$ 9 ! ,columbian ,magaz9e = ,septemb]1 #aghf1 & 0 a spirit$ engrav+4 ,x diff]$ f ! (ficial int]pretation 9 ! di/ribution ( ! />s1 :i* 7 put ab\t ! eagle's neck & head1 in/ead ( 9 a circle above ! head4 ,! olive bran* _h sixte5 leaves & no fruits1 & ! rays ( ! sun ext5d$ ?r\gh ! cl\ds4 ,! rev]se ( ! m$al conta9$ ! dates #aghb & #ahhb1 to indicate its purpose1 beside ! mottoes4#ca ,notice has already be5 tak5 ( ,mr4 ,*ampl9's article 9 :i* he criticis$ ! seal ( #ahda1 :i* ! ,dep>tm5t _h be5 us+ = s _m ye>s1 not)/&+ its gl>+ errors4 ,8 criticism1 ,mr4 ,tott5's agitation ( ! "q ( cutt+ ! rev]se1 & ! /rik+ ( ! great seal m$al 7 ! mov+ causes ( ! important action ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ,!odore ,f4 ,frel+huys51 9 #ahhc4 ,! fir/ committee on ! seal recomm5d$ a rev]se1 & s did succe$+ committees1 & a rev]se 0 provid$ = 9 ! creat+ act4 ,f ?is x w\ld appe> c]ta9 t ! orig9al idea 0 to use a p5dant seal ( wax ) an impression on ei!r side ( x4 ,p5dant seals 7 !n common & are /ill us$ 9 _m cases4 ,9 affix+ su* a seal to a treaty x is s l>ge t ! wax w\ld inevitably break if x 7 unprotect$1 s x is enclos$ 9 a metal box1 usually ( gold or silv]1 highly ornam5t$4 ,aft] ! ,unit$ ,/ates secur$ a great seal x affix$ ! same "o to all its acts1 & did n h a sep>ate p5dant treaty seal until ab\t #ahef1 :5 "o 0 made at ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t's in/ance1 or ^u an und]/&+ ) ! ,dep>tm5t1 by ,samuel ,lewis1 a jewel] 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,x 0 cut 9 iron1 weigh+ ab\t #bj p\nds1 & 0 #f to #h in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! design foll[$ ! law accurately1 b ! treatm5t 0 reali/ic r ?an h]aldic4 ,?is seal 0 kept by ,mr4 ,lewis1 be+1 z x appe>s1 8 prop]ty1 & :5ev] a seal = a treaty 0 requir$ he furni%$ an impr9t 9 wax ) ! silv] or gold box 9 :i* x 0 to be plac$1 ! box hav+ ^u ! cov] ! arms /amp$ 9 relief4 ,! cords or ribbons pass+ ?r\gh ! treaty 7 adju/$ ?r\gh ! wax at ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate4 ,! seal z ?us atta*$ to ! treaties made by ?is ,gov]nm5t ) =eign p[]s = ?irte5 ye>s comp>$ favorably ) ! treaty seals us$ by o!r gov]nm5ts4 ,9 #ahfi ! use ( ! sep>ate seal = treaties 0 ab&on$1 & ! practice ( fix+ ! regul> seal to ! pap] itself 0 rev]t$ to1 & n[ ma9ta9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,seal ,,vii ,,! ,,?ird ,,seal ,janu>y #aj1 #ahhc1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ,!odore ,f4 ,frel+huys51 address$ ! ,*airman ( ! ,committee on ,appropriations ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ,samuel ,j4 ,r&all1 ask+ = an appropriation ( #a1jjj to pay = hav+ a new seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates made4 8,s9ce ! ye> #aghb10 8 lett] said1 8:5 ! device 0 adopt$1 !re h be51 x is believ$1 b two dies ( ! obv]se ( ! seal1 ! only side :i* has be5 employ$ up to ?is "t = seal+ docum5ts4 ,! rev]se ( ! seal has nev] be5 engrav$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! orig9al die ( ! obv]se1 aft] be+ 9 use = ab\t sixty ye>s1 0 replac$ by ! pres5t die1 :i* has become v mu* worn & no long] gives cle> impressions4 ,x is also to be obs]v$ ) respect to ! latt] t x does n /rictly con=m to ! device e/abli%$ by law4 ,x seems to me1 !re=e1 to be em95tly important t a new & correct die be made )\t delay40 ,he also advis$ t ! rev]se be cut z a compliance ) ! law & 8a prop] respect to pay to ! f\nd]s ( ?is ,gov]nm5t1 at ?is "t1 to c>ry out ! purpose s cle>ly express$ by !m 9 ,congress1 ,june #bj1 #aghb40 ,fall+ 9 ) ?is recomm5dation ,congress appropriat$1 ,july #g1 #ahhd 7#bc ,/at41 #cid71 #a1jjj 8to enable ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate to obta9 dies ( ! obv]se & rev]se ( ! seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & appliances necess>y = mak+ impressions ( ! same40 ,mr4 ,!odore ,f4 ,dwight1 ,*ief ( ! ,bureau ( ,rolls & ,libr>y ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 sup]vis$ ! "w ( design+ ! new seal4 ,he call$ into consultation ! em95t hi/orical s*ol>1 ,ju/9 ,w9sor1 & ,pr(4 ,*>les ,eliot ,norton1 ( ,h>v>d2 ,william ,h4 ,:itmore1 ! g5ealogi/1 au?or ( ,elem5ts ( ,h]aldry 7,new ,york1 #ahff71 at t "t ! only "w on h]aldry by an ,am]ican2 ,john ,d5ison ,*apl91 jr41 an au?ority on engrav+1 associate editor ( ! ,am]ican ,cyclopdia & lat] ( ,scribn]'s art cyclopdias2 & ,james ,horton ,:iteh\se1 *ief design] ( ,messrs4 ,tiffany ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,! subject 0 ?us consid]$ f ! ?ree po9ts ( view ( hi/ory1 h]aldry1 & art4 ,pr(essor ,norton wrote3 ,a4 ,x is greatly to be regrett$ t ! device adopt$ by congress 9 #aghb is ( s elaborate & allegorical a "*4 ,! mo/ skilful treatm5t ( x c\ld h>dly make x satisfactory z ! design = ! seal ( a great nation4 99 99 99 ,b4 ,b z ?is is n[ ! e/abli%$ device1 ! be/ way1 ,i believe1 to deal ) x1 w\ld be to treat x z conv5tionally z possible1--giv+ x a /rictly h]aldic "*4 99 99 99 ,z to ! rev]se1 ! device adopt$ by ,congress is practically incapable ( effective treatm5t2 x c h>dly 7h[ev] arti/ically treat$ by ! design]7 look o!rwise ?an z a dull emblem ( a masonic frat]nity4 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,w9sor comm5t$ ^u ,pr(essor ,norton's notes4 ,he agre$ t ! seal 0 n a good coat ( arms4 ,he ?\ght1 h[ev]1 t x _h n be5 ! purpose ( ,congress 8to %[ an h]aldic bird0--t 8! ,am]ican eagle display$ prop]0 c\ld n be an h]aldic eagle4 8,:e!r pres5t au?orities10 he cont9u$1 8c v5ture to correct _! ! ,congress' bad ta/e1 may be a "q40 ,( ! rev]se1 he decl>$ x 0 8bo? un9tellig5t & commonplace4 ,if x c be kept 9 ! d>k z x seems to h be5 kept1 :y n keep x s80 ,on ,janu>y #b1 #ahhd1 he wrote to ,mr4 ,dwight3 ,:5 y say 8,x might be be/ to reproduce ! orig9al die10--y sugge/ :at is really my op9ion4 ,!re is a c]ta9 navely ,ar*aic look ab\t x :i* is hone/ & cov]s a multitude ( arti/ic s9s1 9 a way t w n be easy to d by a mod]nization ( x4 ,i l to pres]ve su* orig9al devices4 ,mr4 ,:itmore did n agree ) ,mr4 ,w9sor4 ,he wrote ,decemb] #cj1 #ahhd3 ,i feel assur$ t ! treatm5t %\ld be h]aldic4 ,an eagle display$ mu/ be an h]aldic "o4 ,! t]m ,am]ican eagle1 ,i inf]1 means a bald-head$ eagle1 n ! ,european type :i* %[s 9 h]aldry a tuft or cre/ on 8 head4 ,?is is all[able1 j z a d\ble-head$ eagle is4 ,! be/ examples give ! w+s rais$ to ! %\ld] & !n dropp+1 :i* is m graceful & natural4 ,z to ! rev]se he said3 8,x is a ?ankless task to arrange x1 z ,pr(4 ,norton says2 use x z little z possible40 ,mr4 ,:itmore submitt$ designs :i* 7 int5d$ to be an improvem5t h]aldically on ^? "u consid]ation1 :i* he criticis$1 especially ) ref]5ce to ! arr[s1 ! =m ( :i* _h be5 *ang$ "u ,mr4 ,dwight's direction s z to repres5t a di/9ctively ,am]ican ,indian arr[4 ,mr4 ,dwight con=m$ to ,mr4 ,:itmore's sugge/ion1 & 8! te*nical =m ( b>b0 arr[ 0 re/or$4 ,( ! die ( #aghb ,mr4 ,dwight wrote to ,mr4 ,:itmore ,janu>y #f1 #ahhe3 8,is n t die to be reg>d$ z 9 "s s5se sanction$ by long use1 9 view ( its orig91 z entitl$ to ! same au?ority z a law80 ,9 reg>d to ! cre/ ,mr4 ,dwight said3 8,on ref]r+ to ! ord] ( #aghb on ?is po9t1 x seems t we h no lib]ty to dep>t f t =m1 z x reads3 #8,a glory1 or1 break+ ?r\gh a cl\d prop]1 & surr\nd+ ?irte5 />s4' ,x has be5 advis$ t an appe>ance ( m spl5dor w\ld be ga9$ by all[+ ! rays ( ! glory to ext5d beyond ! cl\ds1 z ?\gh pi]c+ !m2 b to t advice ,i d n feel w>rant$ 9 agree+1 z ! old die gave no au?ority !re=40 ,( ! rev]se he said3 8,= ! pres5t purposes we %all n ord] ! rev]se2 z ,mr4 ,w9sor rem>ks1 x has be5 s long kept 9 ! d>k1 a few mon?s m ( %ade w d x no h>m4 ,i w\ld l to h y\r op9ion if adv]se to ! cutt+ ( t side4 ,! law di/9ctly specifies x & x 0 n cut presumably at ! same "t z ! obv]se1 because ! latt] 0 urg5tly ne$$1 ev5 z to day4 ,! subject 0 probably lo/ sight ( at t "t1 :5 all ! ?\ghts ( ! fa!rs 7 engag$ 9 ! f\ndation ( ! ,republic4 ,i d n expect t ! rev]se c be conv5i5tly us$ = ! purpose ( seal+ docum5ts1 b x is n 9 my op9ion improp] t ! device %\ld be det]m9$ & cut40 ,decemb] #ac1 #ahhd1 ,messrs4 ,tiffany ,co4 submitt$ ! designs4 ,aft] hav+ /udi$ c>efully ! description ( ! devices z adopt$ by ,congress 9 #aghb1 & consid]$ also ! sugge/ions & rem>ks t we h ( late se5 & receiv$ reg>d+ ! same1 we h c>ri$ !m out /rictly accord+ to ! rules ( h]aldry4 99 99 99 ,! eagle is ! ,am]ican bald eagle & has be5 drawn aft] c>eful /udies & made z natural z ! rules ( h]aldry w p]mit4 ,we h decid$ t ! ?ird fea!r %all be ! "o ext5d+ to ! end ( ! w+4 ,! escut*eon on ! eagle's brea/ is drawn z describ$1 ! direction ( ! l9es indicat+ ! colors4 ,z no />s are m5tion$ 9 ! *ief1 !y h n be5 introduc$ "h4 ,! sugge/ion to susp5d ! %ield f ! neck ( ! eagle by a ribbon or cord1 we h n c>ri$ out1 z x w\ld n be prop] & w\ld rob ! :ole arms ( its dignity4 ,! rays are purposely n ext5d$ beyond ! cl\ds4 ,all t is desirable 9 t direction has be5 done1 b to all[ !m to project 9 ! mann] spok5 ( & z we (t5 see !m cut1 w\ld be to convey a wrong & v weak idea ( ! orig9al int5tion4 ,we h us$ ! classical olive & h decid$ n to introduce ! fl[]s2 ! fruit 7#ac7 & ! #ac leaves speak = !mselves 9 a v cle> & positive mann]1 b ! fl[]s1 :ile !y sugge/ a gr[+ & fruitful future1 w\ld z no special numb] c\ld be us$1 give an unc]ta9ty n desirable1 z x w\ld always be suppos$ t ! p>ticul> numb] ( fl[]s us$ mu/ h a mean+ :ile t mean+ is n !re4 ,indications ( color %\ld n be giv5 9 ! olive bran*1 fruit1 arr[s1 scroll1 etc42 !y %\ld be repres5t$ z t]m$ 9 h]aldry #8prop]'4 ,reg>d+ ! rev]se ! pyramid is drawn to ! scale ( ! great pyramid2 ! side se5 9 p]spective to ! "r means ,ea/1 ?is view be+ desir$4 ,! eye & ! date on ! foot ( ! pyramid %\ld n be incis$2 on anci5t monum5tal "w & "w ( t "* ! die is sunk1 or ! impression x ( c\rse w\ld be 9 relief4 ,! lett]s us$ 9 ! ,lat9 are ! simple & p>ticul> ,roman lett]s us$1 & 9 fact is ! be/ lett] us$ = ! purpose4 ,reg>d+ ! scroll conta9+ ! 8,e pluribus unum0 we consid] ! pres5t =m altoge!r ! be/ to use z ! %eet scroll m5tion$ w\ld int]f]e ) ! eagle1 :ile ! old =m ( scroll falls 9 well ) ! g5]al design4 ,! dies w be cut 9 /eel4 ,?is lett] may be said to be ! argum5t = ! ,:iteh\se designs4 ,!y 7 submitt$ to ,mr4 ,*ampl91 :o wrote1 ,janu>y #g1 #ahhe3 ,x seems to me useless to regret t ,congress did n adopt 9 #aghb a diff]5t device = ! great seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! pres5t device 0 legally adopt$ & all we c d is to foll[ ! provisions ( ! act1 hav+ an eye1 ( c\rse1 to g5]al h]aldic propriety2 b ev5 if ! laws ( h]aldry are transgress$ 9 "s m9or p>ticul>s1 ,i ?9k we /ill are b\nd to foll[ ! lett] ( ! law1 despite ! rules ( h]aldry4 ,if we mu/ h a /rictly h]aldic seal1 let u g to "w ab initio & *ange ! law4 ,if ?is be1 z ,i believe x to be1 ! true way ( deal+ ) ! "q1 let u see :e!r ! designs furni%$ by ,tiffany ,co4 fulfill ! provisions ( ! law4 #a4 ,! law reads 8,paleways ( ?irte5 pieces1 arg5t & gules1 a *ief1 azure04 ,! draw+ m>k$ ,a is correct 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,?is diff]s f ! ord] ( ! /ripes on ! national ensign4 99 99 99 ,! pales %\ld all be ( ! same wid?4 #b4 8,! escut*eon on ! brea/ ( ! ,am]ican eagle display$ prop]40 ,9 ,mr4 ,b>ton's device ( ,june #ac1 #aghb1 ( :i* t adopt$ by ! committee is a modification1 ! ,am]ican ,eagle is expressly call$ 8! bald-head$ eagle01 s !re c be no "q on t po9t4 ,! eagle mu/ be an ,am]ican eagle & n ! ord9>y h]aldic eagle4 ,x mu/ be display$1 n ) w+s display$ 79 :i* case x w\ld be repres5t$ p]*$71 b display$--t is1 ) bo? w+s & talons ext5d$4 ,9 my op9ion ! draw+ is correct1 ?\gh ,i w\ld sugge/ t ! treatm5t1 especially ! w+s1 might be a little less reali/ic1 & /ill comply ) ! law4 #c4 8,hold+ 9 8 dext] talon an olive bran*1 & 9 8 s9i/] a bundle ( ?irte5 arr[s1 all prop]1 & 9 8 beak0 etc4 ,! olive bran* & arr[s %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be ( ! conv5tional =m z no o!r is specifi$4 #d4 ,cre/--8,a glory1 or1 break+ ?r\gh a cl\d1 prop]1 & surr\nd+ ?irte5 />s =m+ a con/ellation1 arg5t1 on an azure field40 ,?is is bad1 v bad1 h]aldically1 b ,i see no way out b to reproduce ! orig9al1 :i* ,i ?9k is done 9 ! draw+4 ,rev]se4 8,a pyramid unf9i%$40 ,! law does n call = a pyramid ( ?irte5 c\rses ( /one4 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,*ampl9 did n give an op9ion on ! propriety ( cutt+ ! rev]se1 b s g5]al 0 ! criticism ( x1 & s palpable 7 its %ortcom+s1 t x 0 det]m9$ n to cut x1 & ,mr4 ,:iteh\se's design ( x 0 n accept$4 ,its fate has be5 s+ul>4 ,x 0 prescrib$ z "p ( ! seal by ! act ( #aghb1 b w5t unnotic$4 ,! act ( ,septemb] #ae1 #aghi1 cont9u$ ! seal z prescrib$ 9 #aghb1 b no ef=t 0 !n made to design or cut ! rev]se4 ,:5 ! seal ( #ahda 0 made x 0 /ill ignor$1 & 9 #ahhc x 0 def9itely det]m9$1 aft] designs _h be5 drawn1 to ab&on x4 ,! act ( ,july #g1 #ahhd1 made appropriation 8to obta9 dies ( ! obv]se & rev]se0 ( ! seal1 ! act foll[+ ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t's reque/1 & x _h und\bt$ly be5 ! int5tion ( ! ,dep>tm5t1 :5 ! appropriation 0 ask$ =1 to cut ! rev]se2 b its purpose 0 *ang$ aft] full] consid]ation1 & x felt at lib]ty to leave ?is "p ( ! new law unexecut$1 z ! law ( #aghb _h rema9$ 9 "p unexecut$ = a hundr$ ye>s4 ,x may be add$ t :5 ! exhibit ( ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t 0 prep>$ = ! ,*icago ,exposition 9 #ahib1 l>ge emblazonm5ts ( ! obv]se & rev]se ( ! seal 7 pa9t$1 b ! appe>ance pres5t$ by ! rev]se 0 s spiritless1 prosaic1 heavy1 & inappropriate t x 0 nev] hung4 ,! design ( ! obv]se ( ! seal ( #ahhd 0 det]m9$ ^u1 z we h se51 ) great c>e4 ,x 0 an enl>gem5t ) "s modifications ( ! seal ( #aghb1 ! modifications be+ 9 ! direction ( a clos] adh]5ce to ! law creat+ ! seal4 ,= example1 ! eagle's head be>s no cre/1 z 9 ! ,european type & z advis$ aga9/ by ,mr4 ,:itmore = ! ,am]ican eagle specifi$ by ! law4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,seal 7#aijb7 ,face p4 #fc ,,viii ,,! ,,f\r? ,,seal ,9 #aijb1 ,john ,hay be+ ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 x 0 det]m9$ t ! seal1 :i* _h be5 9 con/ant use = eighte5 ye>s1 requir$ recutt+1 & t ! press & /& :i* held x c\ld be improv$ ^u4 ,an act 01 accord+ly1 pass$ by ,congress 7,july #a1 #aijb7 appropriat+ #a1bej 8,to enable ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate to h ! ,great ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates recut40 ,"s discussion arose among ! (fic]s ( ! ,dep>tm5t z to :e!r ! design !n 9 use mu/ be adh]$ to /rictly or c\ld be improv$ ^u1 &1 aft] exam9ation ( ! "q1 x 0 det]m9$ t ! c>eful inve/igation :i* _h prec$$ ! acceptance ( ! design ( #ahhd r5d]$ a reconsid]ation ( ! decision !n arriv$ at unwise1 & t ! design %\ld be pres]v$ ) absolute accuracy4 ,! "w ( recutt+ n hav+ be5 done be=e ! appropriation _h expir$1 x 0 r5ew$ ! foll[+ ye> 7act ( ,m>* #c1 #aijc7 & ! act settl$ def9itely any rema9+ d\bts ab\t ! design1 besides mak+ ! appropriation cov] ! necess>y accessories = ! seal4 ,x read3 ,to enable ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate to h ! ,great ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates recut f ! orig9al model1 & to pur*ase a suitable press = its use & a cov] to protect ! same f du/1 ! sum ( "o ?\s& two hundr$ & fifty doll>s1 appropriat$ by ! defici5cy act approv$ ,july fir/1 n9ete5 hundr$ & two1 8,to enable ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate to h ! ,great ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates recut10 is h]eby reappropriat$ = ! purposes above m5tion$4 ,! words 8orig9al model0 9 ! law preclud$ any *ange 9 ! device1 & ! new seal 0 accord+ly cut z a precise copy ( ! seal !n 9 use1 ! "w be+ done by ,messrs4 ,bailey1 ,banks ,biddle1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,,ix ,,uses ,,( ,,! ,,seal ,:5 ! ,cont95tal ,congress made ! obv]se ( ! great seal ! national arms x int5d$ t ! device %\ld pass into common use among ! p1 z ! flag has done1 & l ! flag ! arms at fir/ met ) g5]al approval1 :i* soon gave place to an acceptance ( x z an emblem ( ! p[] & sov]eignty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* plac$ x above criticism4 ,n all ( ! fa!rs ( ! ,republic1 h[ev]1 7 pleas$ ) ! selection ( ! eagle z ! national emblem4 ,:5 ! badge ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,society ( ! ,c9c9nati 0 made 9 ,france 9 #aghd x 0 object$ to by "s because ! display$ eagle resembl$ a turkey4 ,= my "p wrote ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ,janu>y #bf1 #aghd1 to 8 daught]1 ,i wi% ! bald eagle _h n be5 *os5 z ! repres5tative ( our c\ntry2 he is a bird ( bad moral "*2 he does n get 8 liv+ hone/ly2 y may h se5 him p]*$ on "s dead tree1 :]e1 too lazy to fi% = himself1 he wat*es ! labor ( ! fi%+-hawk2 &1 :5 t dilig5t bird has at l5g? tak5 a fi%1 & is be>+ x to 8 ne/ = ! support ( 8 mate & "y ones1 ! bald eagle pursues him1 & takes x f him4 ,) all ?is inju/ice he is nev] 9 good case2 b1 l ^? among m5 :o live by %>p+ & robb+1 he is g5]ally poor1 & (t5 v l\sy4 ,besides1 he is a rank c[>d2 ! little k+bird1 n bigg] ?an a sp>r[1 attacks him boldly & drives him out ( ! di/rict4 ,he is !re=e by no means a prop] emblem = ! brave & hone/ ,c9c9nati ( ,am]ica1 :o h driv5 all ! k+birds f our c\ntry2 ?\gh exactly fit = t ord] ( knights1 :i* ! ,fr5* call ,*evali]s d',indu/rie4 ,i am1 on ?is acc\nt1 n displeas$ t ! figure is n kn[n z a bald eagle1 b looks m l a turkey4 ,= 9 tru?1 ! turkey is 9 comp>ison a mu* m respectable bird1 & )al a true orig9al native ( ,am]ica4 ,eagles h be5 f\nd 9 all c\ntries1 b ! turkey 0 peculi> to ours2 ! fir/ ( ! species se5 9 ,europe1 be+ br\ght to ,france by ! ,jesuits f ,canada1 & s]v$ up at ! w$d+ table ( ,*>les ! ,n9?4 ,he is1 besides1 7?\gh a little va9 & silly1 x is true1 b n ! worse emblem = t17 a bird ( c\rage1 & w\ld n hesitate to attack a gr5adi] ( ! ,briti% gu>ds1 :o %\ld presume to invade 8 f>my>d ) a r$ coat on4#cb ,! seal itself has1 ( c\rse1 a v limit$ use1 :i* is /rictly gu>d$ by law4 ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate is its cu/odian1 b ev5 he has no au?ority to affix x to any pap] t does n be> ! ,presid5t's signature4 ,9 #ahjc ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 9 deliv]+ an op9ion ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 us$ ! foll[+ language relative to ! seal4 ,x may be consid]$ applicable to all in/rum5ts to :i* ! seal is affix$4 ,! signature ( ! ,presid5t is a w>rant = affix+ ! great seal to ! commission1 & ! great seal is only to be affix$ to an in/rum5t :i* is complete4 ,x atte/s1 by an act suppos$ to be ( public notoriety1 ! v]ity ( ! presid5tial signature4 ,x is nev] to be affix$ till ! commission is sign$1 because ! signature :i* gives =ce & effect to ! commission1 is conclusive evid5ce t ! appo9tm5t is made4 ,! commission be+ sign$1 ! subsequ5t duty ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate is prescrib$ by law1 & n to be guid$ by ! w ( ! ,presid5t4 ,he is to affix ! seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! ,commission1 & is to record x4 7#a ,u4 ,s4 ,reports1 #cgd47 ,z ! duties ( ! ,gov]nm5t h exp&$1 ! impracticability ( hav+ ! seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates atta*$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate to ! commissions ( (fic]s :o are "u "s o!r ,dep>tm5t has be5 recogniz$ by ,congress4 ,by ! act ( ,m>* #ah1 #ahgd1cc ! commissions ( po/ma/]s 7 direct$ to be made out "u ! seal ( ! ,po/-,(fice ,dep>tm5t2 ! act ( ,m>* #c1 #ahge1cd plac$ ! commissions ( (fic]s ( ! ,int]ior ,dep>tm5t "u t ,dep>tm5t2 by act ( ,augu/ #h1 #ahhh1ce all judicial (fic]s1 m>%als1 & ,unit$ ,/ates attorneys 7 ord]$ to be appo9t$ "u ! seal ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice2 & by an ,executive ord] ( ,june #af1 #ahic1 ,presid5t ,clevel& direct$ t all w>rants ( p>don & commutations ( s5t5ce grant$ to (f5d]s convict$ 9 ! c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld !reaft] be made out "u ! seal ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is affix$ to ! commissions ( all ,cab9et (fic]s & diplomatic & consul> (fic]s :o are nom9at$ by ! ,presid5t & confirm$ by ! ,s5ate2 all c]emoni\s communications f ! ,presid5t to ! heads ( =eign gov]nm5ts2 all treaties1 conv5tions1 & =mal agreem5ts ( ! ,presid5t ) =eign p[]s2 all proclamations by ! ,presid5t2 all exequaturs to =eign consul> (fic]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o are appo9t$ by ! heads ( ! gov]nm5ts :i* !y repres5t2 to w>rants by ! ,presid5t to receive p]sons surr5d]$ by =eign gov]nm5ts "u extradition treaties2 & to all miscellane\s commissions ( civil (fic]s appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t1 by & ) ! advice & cons5t ( ! ,s5ate1 ^: appo9tm5ts are n n[ especially direct$ by law to be sign$ "u a diff]5t seal4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,h]aldic ,,t]ms4 ,arg5t--silv]1 repres5t$ 9 engrav+ by pla9 surface4 ,at*ievem5t or a*ievem5t--a complete h]aldic composition4 ,azure--blue1 repres5t$ 9 engrav+ by horizontal l9es4 ,b>ways or b>wise--horizontally4 ,b>ry--divid$ into b>s4 ,be>+--a *>ge on a coat ( arms4 ,blazonm5t or blazon--a correct h]aldic description4 ,canton--a "p ( ! *ief cut (f on ! left or "r h& corn]4 ,*>g$--be>+ a *>ge or figure ^u ! escut*eon4 ,*evrons--b>s1 z ! raft]s ( a ro(1 lean+ aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,*ief--upp] "p ( escut*eon4 ,c\nt] flory--fl[]s divid$ & sep>at$ by ! :ole wid? ( ! be>+4 ,c\p--cut (f ev5ly4 ,cre/--! "p ( ! a*ievem5t outside ( & above ! escut*eon4 ,damask$--decorat$ ) an ornam5tal patt]n4 ,dignity1 cap ( dignity--a symbol ( dignity4 ,display$--) exp&$ w+s4 ,emblazon4 ,see ,blazon4 ,ensign$--di/+ui%$ by m>k or ornam5t4 ,entoire--*>g$ ) be>+s n liv+ creatures4 ,erm9e--fur repres5t$ by black spots on a :ite gr\nd4 ,escut*eon--! %ield4 ,ex]gue--! "p ( ! rev]se ( a m$al bel[ ! ma9 device4 ,fess-po9t--! c5tral po9t ( ! escut*eon4 ,flory or fleury--decorat$ ) fleur-de-lis4 ,gules--r$1 repres5t$ 9 engrav+ by close v]tical l9es4 ,or--gold or yell[1 repres5t$ 9 engrav+ by dots on a :ite gr\nd4 ,ord9>y--a common be>+ b\nd$ by /raight l9es4 ,pale--a p]p5dicul> /ripe on ! escut*eon4 ,paleways1 palewise1 or paly--divid$ into equal p>ts by p]p5dicul> l9es4 ,p>ti 7p>ty7--divid$ into p>ts4 ,prop]--( natural color or colors4 ,qu>t]s--! v>i\s small] escut*eons )9 ! l>g] escut*eon4 ,sable--black1 repres5t$ 9 engrav+ by a network ( v]tical & p]p5dicul> l9es4 ,salti]--9 ! %ape ( a ,/4 ,&rew's cross4 ,sangu9at$--blood /a9$1 or blood color4 ,scut*eon--escut*eon4 ,sem--cov]$ ) small be>+s4 ,t5ants--support]s4 ,t9ctures--! metals or colors4 ,tressure--a d\ble bord] )9 ! escut*eon1 & n rea*+ ! edge4 ,v]t--gre51 repres5t$ 9 engrav+ by diagonal l9es4 ,,index ,,adams1 ,,john1 on fir/ committee1 #g2 describes device1 #h2 design (1 #i1 #aj2 connection ) ,pre/wi*1 #ch4 ,,ald51 ,,rog]1 keep] ( ! seal1 #de4 ,,arms ,,( ,,engl&1 *anges 91 #ej4 ,,bailey1 ,,banks ,,biddle1 cut f\r? seal1 #fd4 ,,b>ton1 ,,?omas1 fa!r ( ,william ,b>ton1 #bc4 ,,b>ton1 ,,william1 call$ into consultation on design1 #bc2 fir/ design1 #bd2 second design1 #bh2 claims pat]nity ( arms1 #cb2 improves ,?omson's design1 #ce2 cr$it due to1 #cg4 ,,b\d9ot1 ,,elias1 on seal committee1 #bc4 ,,brad%aw1 ,,john1 suppos$ epitaph on1 #ad1 #ae1 #af4 ,,*ampl91 ,,john ,d41 ,jr41 op9ion (1 on seal1 #dh1 #ed1 #ei4 ,,*icago ,,exposition1 illu/rations ( seal at1 #fa4 ,,c9c9nati1 ,,ord] ,,(1 eagle on badge (1 #fe4 ,,coat ,,( ,,arms ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,see ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,dwight1 ,,!odore ,f41 ,*ief1 ,bureau ( ,rolls & ,libr>y1 sup]9t5ds new seal1 #ed2 op9ion on designs1 #ef4 ,,deane1 ,,silas1 compla9s ( want ( seal1 #ah4 ,e ,,pluribus ,,unum1 motto1 fir/ sugge/$1 #ab2 by :om1 #ac2 orig9 (1 #ad2 adopt$1 #da4 ,,eagle1 fir/ sugge/ion (1 #bd1 #bh2 ,?omson's treatm5t (1 #cc1 #cd2 adopt$ z emblem1 #da2 ,frankl9's op9ion (1 #fe4 ,,ell]y1 ,,william1 recomm5ds t seal be consid]$1 #ah4 ,,frankl91 ,,b5jam91 on fir/ committee1 #g2 design (1 #i1 #aj2 sugge/s motto1 #ad1 #af2 criticises eagle1 #fe4 ,,frel+huys51 ,,!odore ,f41 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 seal cut by ord] (1 #ea2 writes ab\t seal1 #ec4 ,,flag ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 adopt$1 #ah4 ,,great ,,seal ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,see ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,gribel91 engrav+ by1 #i1 #aj4 ,,hay1 ,,john1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 f\r? seal cut by direction (1 #fc4 ,,hollis1 ,,?omas1 gives motto1 ,rebellion to ,tyrants is ,ob$i5ce to ,god1 #ad4 ,,h\/on1 ,,william ,,*ur*ill1 on seal committee1 #ai2 writes report1 #ba4 ,,jeff]son1 ,,?omas1 on fir/ committee1 #g2 design (1 #i1 #aj2 connection ) motto1 #ac2 sugge/ion (1 #ac1 #ad2 adopts motto1 #ad4 ,,lee1 ,,ar?ur1 acts ) seal committee1 #bd4 ,,lewis1 ,,samuel1 jewel]1 keeps seal = treaties1 #eb4 ,,lovell ,,committee1 appo9t$1 #ah2 reports1 #ai2 report recommitt$1 #bc4 ,,lovell1 ,,james1 on seal committee1 #ai4 ,,m>%all1 ,,john1 ,*ief ,ju/ice1 op9ion (1 on use ( seal1 #ff4 ,,ma?,,is1 ,,paulo ,,de1 picture by1 #aj4 ,,middleton1 ,,ar?ur1 on seal committee1 #bc4 ,,norton1 ,,*>les ,,eliot1 op9ion (1 on seal1 #ed1 #ef4 ,,pre/wi*1 ,,sir ,,john1 connection (1 ) seal1 #ch4 ,,rebellion ,,to ,,tyrants ,,is ,,ob$i5ce ,,to ,,god1 motto propos$1 #i1 #aj2 orig9 (1 #ad1 #ae1 #af4 ,,rutl$ge1 ,,edw>d1 on seal committee1 #bc4 ,,scott1 ,,john ,,mor91 on seal committee1 #ai4 ,,seal1 ,,great1 ( ,engl&1 #h4 ,,seal1 ,,great1 ( ,france1 #g1 #h4 ,,seal ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 fir/ committee to design1 #g2 fir/ designs =1 #h2 motto =1 #ac2 ne$ (1 #ah2 second committee =1 #ai2 ,b>ton's designs =1 #bd1 #bh1 #ce2 ,?omson's designs =1 #cd1 #cg2 ,sir ,john ,pre/wi*'s connection )1 #ch2 adopt$1 #da2 cutt+ (1 #dc2 propos$ less seal1 #dd2 correct "n =1 #df2 second seal1 #dh2 correction (1 #di2 treaty seal1 #eb2 rev]se (1 #ec1 #ef1 #fa2 seal ( #ahhd1 #ec2 ! f\r? seal1 #fc2 device criticis$1 #fe2 uses (1 #ff4 ,,secret>y ,,( ,,/ate1 keep] ( ! seal1 #de4 ,,%aftesbury1 ,,e>l ,,(1 engrav+ 9 ,treatise1 #aj4 ,,simiti,,re1 ,,eug,,ne ,,pi]re ,,du1 consult$ by fir/ committee1 #h2 design (1 #i1 #aa1 #ab1 #ag4 ,,sn[d51 ,a4 ,,l\d51 ,director ( ! ,m9t1 seal m$al /ruck by1 #ej4 ,,/abl]1 ,,edw>d1 cuts second seal1 #dh4 ,,?omson1 ,,*>les1 consults ,b>ton1 #ca2 ord]$ to prep>e design1 #cc2 submits design1 #cd2 design improv$1 #ce2 cr$it due to1 #cg2 has *>ge ( seal1 #dd4 ,,tiffany ,,co41 submit designs1 #eg4 ,,tott51 ,c4 ,a4 ,l41 writes ab\t seal1 #ej4 ,,web/]1 ,,daniel1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 seal cut "u1 #di4 ,,:iteh\se1 ,,james ,,horton1 consult$ ab\t seal1 #ed2 submits designs1 #ef2 argum5t =1 #ei4 ,,:ite1 ,,alex&]1 proposes less seal1 #dd4 ,,:itmore1 ,,william ,h41 consult$ relative to seal1 #ed2 op9ion on design1 #ee2 submits designs1 #ef4 ,,w9sor1 ,,ju/91 consult$ conc]n+ seal1 #ed2 gives op9ion1 #ee4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,j\rnals ( ,congress 7,w4 ,c4 ,=d1 editor71 #aijf1 ,v1 #eag4 ,footnote #b3 ,b5son ,j4 ,loss+1 9 ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e1 #ahef1 vol4 #ac1 p4 #agh et seq4 ,footnote #c3 ,x s appe>s atta*$ to ! ex*ange copy ( ! treaty ( peace ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,footnote #d3 ,! ,great ,seals ( ,engl&1 by ,alfr$ ,b5jam9 & ,all5 ,wyon1 ,london1 #ahhh4 ,review 9 ,! ,spectator1 #fa1 #agc4 ,footnote #e3 ,famili> ,lett]s ( ,john ,adams & 8 ,wife1 #baj4 ,footnote #f3 ,j\rnals ( ! ,cont95tal ,congress 7,w4 ,c4 ,=d1 editor71 #aijf1 ,v1 #fij n4 ,footnote #g3 ,our ,great ,seal1 by ,c4 ,a4 ,l4 ,tott51 #a1 #be1 gives a reproduction ( ! frontispiece4 ,footnote #h3 ,reports ( ,committees relat+ to ,congress1 vol4 #bc1 ,cont95tal ,congress ,,mss4 ,all ! committee reports be>+ on ! seal are 9 ?is volume4 ,footnote #i3 ,see note at ! end = a gloss>y ( h]aldic t]ms us$4 ,footnote #aj3 ,delaw>e c\nties4 ,footnote #aa3 ,j\rnals ( ,congress 7,w4 ,c4 ,=d1 editor71 #aijf1 ,v1 #fhi4 ,footnote #ab3 ,see1 h[ev]1 ,hi/oric ,side-lights1 by ,h[>d ,payson ,arnold1 p4 #bhd4 ,footnote #ac3 ,writ+s ( ,jeff]son 7,p4 ,l4 ,=d71 edition ( #ahib1 ,i1 p4 #dbj4 ,footnote #ad3 ,! fir/ use ( ! motto is trac$ 9 ,preble's ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,flag1 p4 #fid4 ,footnote #ae3 ,memoirs ( ,?omas ,hollis1 ,esq41 ,f4 ,r4 & ,a4 ,s4 ,s42 ,london3 ,,mdcclxxx2 vol4 #b1 p4 #ghi4 ,footnote #af3 ,r&all's ,life ( ,jeff]son1 #c1 #ehe4 ,?is w\ld seem to be conclusive1 b s9ce ! writ] prep>$ 8 bro*ure on ! great seal 9 #ahib sev]al p ^: op9ions are entitl$ to consid]ation h express$ a d\bt :e!r ! inscription does n1 or at any rate did n1 exi/4 ,brad%aw di$ dur+ ! clos+ ye>s ( ! ,commonweal? & 0 buri$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,^u ! ,re/oration 8 body 0 dis9t]r$ & hang$1 :5 sev]al o!r regicides 7 execut$1 aft] :i* ! trunk 0 ?r[n into a hole at ! foot ( ! gall[s & ! head publicly display$1 z ! cu/om 0 9 ^? times4 ,"s memb]s ( ! c\rt ( :i* he 0 presid5t are said to h gone to ,jamaica1 & x 0 decl>$ by "s t ,brad%aw spread ! report ( 8 dea? & retir$ secretly to t isl&4 ,!re is ev5 a surviv+ rumor t he & 8 colleagues 7 9 ?is c\ntry1 & a well-kn[n l&m>k ne> ,new ,hav5 is ! 8,regicides' ,cave40 ,9 all ( ?is we see m]ely an example ( "o ( ^? my?s :i* s (t5 surr\nd ! dea? ( "o ^: life 0 peculi>ly conspicu\s4 ,9 ,brad%aw's case 8 d\ble burial 9 ,engl& w\ld /ill n r5d] impossible a ?ird burial 9 ,jamaica1 & ev5 if he 0 n buri$ !re an inscription ^u a cannon 9 8 commemoration might possibly h once exi/$4 ,b ! :ole /ory 0 inve/igat$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury by ,bryan ,edw>ds1 ! hi/orian ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 ^: "w is an au?ority4 ,9 ! fif? edition 7,london1 #ahai7 ( 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,we/ ,indies 7vol4 #a1 p4 #bac7 he says3 8,"s ( ^! m5 :o sat z judges at ! trial ( ,*>les ,i are said to h become peaceable settl]s "h1 & to h rema9$ aft] ! re/oration4 99 99 99 ,x is report$ also1 t ! rema9s ( ,presid5t ,brad%aw 7 int]r$ 9 ,jamaica2 & ,i obs]ve 9 a spl5did book1 entitl$ #8,memoirs ( ,?omas ,hollis1' an epitaph :i* is said to h be5 inscrib$ on ! presid5t's grave2 b x is to my own k a mod]n production40 ,x may be add$ t ! au?or made inquiry ( ,l\is ,a4 ,d5t1 esq41 lately ,regi/] ( ,wills ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 :5 he 0 ,unit$ ,/ates consul at ,k+/on1 conc]n+ traditions ( ?is epitaph1 & he decl>$ he knew ( none4 ,z 8 k ( ,jamaica 0 ?or\gh su* traditions w\ld h>dly h escap$ him if exi/5t4 ,t anyone %\ld seize ^u ! rumors surr\nd+ ,brad%aw's dea? & make !m ! basis ( a fictiti\s epitaph is a cause ( wond]1 until we rememb] t ! au?or 0 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ^: unique imag9ation 0 amus$ by con/ruct+ epitaphs & k9dr$ compositions4 ,8 object 9 ?is case may easily h be5 ! v effect ( inflam+ public op9ion :i* ,hollis notic$ _h result$4 ,! /atem5t t ! epitaph 0 on a cannon at ,m>?a ,bay 0 presumably atta*$ to ! copies ,hollis saw & accept$ by him 9 good fai?4 ,footnote #ag3 ,preble's ,hi/ory ( ! ,flag1 #bei et seq4 ,footnote #ah3 ,j\rnals ( ,congress 7,w4 ,c4 ,=d1 editor71 #aijg1 ,,vii1 #ei4 ,footnote #ai3 ,au/9's ,life ( ,elbridge ,g]ry1 vol4 #a1 p4 #ccf4 ,footnote #bj3 ,:5 ! committee 0 appo9t$ f :i* emanat$ 9 #aghb ! seal f9ally accept$1 a memor&um1 endors$ 8proce$+s respectg4 a seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,mr4 ,middleton ,mr4 ,b\d9ot ,mr4 ,lee10 0 made by ,lovell = ! committee's use1 %[+ f ! pap]s 9 ! (fice ( ! ,secret>y ( ,congress :at _h already be5 done 9 ! matt] ( ! seal4 ,aft] sett+ =? ! action ( #aggf x /ates t ! ,lovell committee 0 appo9t$ ,m>* #be1 #aggi1 & ! report is giv5 z foll[s3 8,orig9al ,report ( ,may #aj #aggi ! ,seal to be #d in*es ,diametre ,on "o ,side ,! arms ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z foll[s ,! ,%ield *>g$ on ! ,field ) #ac diagonal ,/ripes alt]nate r$ :ite--,support]s1 dext]1 a ,w>ri\r hold+ a ,sword2 ,s9i/] a ,figure repres5t+ ,peace be>+ an ,olive ,bran*--,! ,cre/ a radiant ,con/ellation ( #ac ,/>s--,! motto ,bello vel ,paci--,! leg5d r\nd ! ,at*ievem5t ,seal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 8,on ! ,rev]se--,! ,figure ( ,lib]ty seat$ 9 a ,*air hold+ ! ,/aff cap4 ,! motto ,semp]--,und]nea? ,,mdcclxxvi0 ,! memor&um also says t on ,may #ag 8,! ,report ( ! ,comtee4 on ! ,device ( a great ,seal 0 tak5 into ,consid]ation & aft] ,debate ,ord]$1 ,t x be recommitt$40 ,evid5tly an error 0 made 9 ! dates by ,lovell :5 he transcrib$ ! memor&um4 ,a committee appo9t$ 9 #aggi1 if its report _h be5 submitt$ ,may #aj1 #aggi1 & recommitt$ ,may #ag1 #aggi1 c\ld h>dly h made a second report ,may #aj1 #aghj1 to h x recommitt$ ,may #ag1 #aghj4 ,! ,,ms4 j\rnal = ,m>* #be1 #aghj1 says3 8,ord]$1 ,t ! report ( ! committee on ! device ( a great ,seal = ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,congress assembl$1 be ref]r$ to a committee ( ?ree3 8,! memb]s *os51 ,mr4 ,lovell1 ,mr4 ,scott & ,mr4 ,h\/on40 ,! ,,ms4 j\rnal = ,may #ag1 #aghj1 says3 8,! report ( ! committee on ! device ( a seal 0 tak5 into consid]ation2 & aft] debate1 8,ord]$1 ,t x be recommitt$40 ,footnote #ba3 ,p5nsylvania ,magaz9e1 ,x1 #dad4 ,footnote #bb3 ,note by ,b>ton3 8,9 ! ,arms ( ,scotl&1 z m>%all$ 9 ! ,royal ,at*ievem5t1 ! d\ble ,tressure :i* surr\nds ! ,lion is borne flory & c\nt] flory 7) ,fleurs-de-lis72 :i* is 9 ,consequ5ce ( a ,treaty t 0 ent]$ into1 betwe5 ,*>lemagne1 !n ,emp]or ,k+ ( ,france1 & ,a*aius ,k+ ( ,scotl&2 to d5ote t ! ,fr5* ,lillies %\ld gu>d def5d ! ,scotti% ,lion40 ,footnote #bc3 ,tott51 ,i1 #ajd1 #ajh2 ,mass4 ,hi/4 ,soc4 ,proce$+s1 #ahff-ahfg1 p4 #cea4 ,footnote #bd3 ,note by ,h5ry ,liv+/on ,?omas1 late ,translator1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate4 ,footnote #be3 ,note by ,b>ton3 8,z ! ,pales or ,pallets consi/ ( an unev5 ,numb]1 !y ought1 9 /rictness1 to be blazon$--,argt4 #f ,pallets gules3 b z ! #ac pieces allude to ! ?irte5 ,/ates1 !y are blazon$ accord+ to ! ,numb] ( pieces paleways40 ,footnote #bf3 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #fef4 ,footnote #bg3 ,= discussion ( ! ,pre/wi* claim1 see ,tott51 ,i1 #fc et seq4 ,footnote #bh3 ,j\rnals ( ,congress1 vol4 #d 7ed4 #ahbc71 p4 #ci4 ,footnote #bi3 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,its ,hi/ory & ,functions 7,hunt71 #ej1 #ea4 ,footnote #cj3 ,see ,tott51 ,i1 #bab4 ,footnote #ca3 ,tott51 ,i1 #aga et seq4 ,footnote #cb3 ,life ( ,frankl9 7,bigel[71 ,,iii1 p4 #beb4 ,footnote #cc3 #ah ,/at41 #bc4 ,footnote #cd3 #ah ,/at41 #dbj4 ,footnote #ce3 #be ,/at41 #chg4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,page ,*ang$ f ,*ang$ to #ab ! ,israelites2 ,rays f a ! ,israelites2 ,rays f a pill[ ( ,fire 9 ! ,cl\d pill> ( ,fire 9 ! ,cl\d ,typos fix$2 non-/&>d spell+ & dialect reta9$4 ,us$ numb]s = footnotes1 plac+ !m all at ! end ( ! la/ *apt]4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4 ,! c>et 77 s]ves z a sup]script indicator1 applicable to individual *>act]s 7l #b;d7 & ev5 entire phrases 7l #a/74