,,transcrib]',s ,,note      ,italic text
 is d5ot$ by und]scores4      ,footnote 
an*ors are d5ot$ by numb]1 & ! footnotes
 h    be5 plac$ at ! end ( ! p>agraph4  
,"s m9or *anges to ! text are not$ at ! 
end ( ! book4                           
#aheh4                                  
,,c5tral ,,p>k4                         
#ahfh4            8,meantime1 ) *eap l&1
 & ! pacific disposition ( !    p1      
ev]y?+ invites to ! arts ( agriculture1 
( g>d5+1    & dome/ic ar*itecture4      
,public g>d5s on ! scale ( su*          
plantations 9 ,europe & ,asia1 are n[   
unkn[n to u4 ,!re is no    feature ( !  
old c\ntries t /rikes an ,am]ican ) m   
agreeable surprise ?an ! beautiful g>d5s
 ( ,europe2 su* z !    ,boboli1 9       
,flor5ce1 ! ,villa ,borghese1 9 ,rome1 !
 ,villa d',e/e1    9 ,tivoli1 ! g>d5s at
 ,muni*1 & at ,frank=t on ! ,ma9e3      
works easily imitat$ "h1 & :i* might    
well make ! l& de>    to ! citiz51 &    
inflame patriotism40--,em]son1 #ahdd4   
,,description                           

,,( ,a                           ,,plan 
,,= ,,! ,,improvem5t                    
,,( ,,!                                 
,c5tral ,p>k4                           
8,,gre5sw>d40                     ,f4   
,l4 ,,olm/$       ,,calv]t ,,vaux4      
,,new ,,york1 #aheh4                    
,,repr9t$ #ahfh4              ,! ,ald9e 
,press4--,sutton1 ,b[ne  ,co41 #bc      
,lib]ty ,/41 ,n4 ,y4                    
,,note1 #ahfh4      ,! foll[+           
,description 0 prep>$ 9 #aheh to        
accompany ! fir/  /udy ( our design = ! 
,c5tral ,p>k1 ! app5d$ woodcut be+      
pr9t$ ) ! ,report4    ,a few notes are  
add$ 9 ?is edition1 toge!r ) a map %[+  
to  :at ext5t ! int5tion ( ! plan has1  
?us f>1 be5 realiz$ &  9 :at mann] !    
/udy has be5 elaborat$4                 
,o4  ,v4                                
,,report4      ,sid5ote3 ,topographical 
sugge/ions4    ,a g5]al survey ( ! gr\nd
 allott$ to ! p>k1 tak5 ) a view  to    
arrive at ! lead+ *>act]i/ics :i* pres5t
 !mselves z  all-important to be        

consid]$ 9 adapt+ ! actual situation to 
its purpose1 %[s u1 9 ! fir/ place1 t x 
is v di/9ctly  divid$ into two tol]ably 
equal portions1 :i*1 = conv5i5ce  sake1 
may be call$ ! upp] & l[] p>ks4         
,sid5ote3 ,! upp] p>k4    ,! horizon    
l9es ( ! upp] p>k are bold & sweep+ & ! 
slopes h great bread? 9 almo/ e aspect 9
 :i* !y may be  contemplat$4 ,z ?is "*  
is ! highe/ ideal t c be aim$  at = a   
p>k "u any circum/ances1 & z x is 9 mo/ 
decid$  contra/ to ! conf9$ & =mal l9es 
( ! city1 x is desirable  to int]f]e )  
x1 by cross-roads & o!r con/ructions1 z 
little z possible4 ,=mal plant+ &       
ar*itectural effects1 unless  on a v gr&
 scale1 mu/ be avoid$2 & z ne>ly all !  
gr\nd  betwe5 ! ,res]voir & #ajf? ,/reet
 7we/ ( ! ,bo/on road7 is  se5 9        
connection1 f any po9t )9 itself1 a     
unity ( "*  %\ld be /udi\sly pres]v$ 9  
all ! g>d5+ details4    ,sid5ote3 ,! l[]
 p>k4    ,! l[] p>k is f> m het]og5e\s 9
 its "* & w  require a mu* m v>i$       
treatm5t4 ,! mo/ important feature  9   

its l&scape is ! long rocky & wood$     
hill-side ly+  imm$iately s\? ( !       
,res]voir4 ,inasmu* z beyond ?is po9t   
!re d n appe> to be any lead+ natural   
*>act]i/ics (  simil> consequ5ce 9 !    
sc5]y1 x w be important to draw z  mu*  
att5tion z possible to ?is hill-side1 to
 af=d facilities  = re/ & leisurely     
contemplation ^u ! ris+ gr\nd opposite1 
& to r5d] ! lat]al b\nd>ies ( ! p>k 9   
its vic9ity z  inconspicu\s z possible4 
,! c5tral & we/]n portion ( !  l[] p>k  
is an irregul> table-l&2 ! ea/]n is     
compos$ (  a s]ies ( graceful           
undulations1 sugge/+ lawn or g>d5esque  
treatm5t4 ,9 ! extreme s\? we f9d "s    
flat alluvial mead[2 b  ! g5]al "* ( !  
gr\nd is rugg$ & !re are sev]al  bold1  
rocky bluffs1 t help to give            
individuality to ?is "p (  !            
composition4           99       99      
99       99       99    ,su* be+ ! g5]al
 sugge/ions t our survey has af=d$1  x  
becomes necess>y to consid] h[ !        
requirem5ts ( !  ,commission]s1 z giv5 9

 _! in/ructions1 may be met ) !  lea/   
sacrifice ( ! *>act]i/ic excell5cies ( !
 gr\nd4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,sid5ote3 ,prelim9>y     
consid]ations4    ,up to ?is "t1 9      
plann+ public works = ! city ( ,new     
,york1  9 no in/ance has adequate       
all[ance be5 made = its increas+        
population & bus9ess2 n ev5 9 ! case ( !
 ,croton ,aqu$uct1  o!rwise s well      
consid]$4 ,! ,city-,hall1 ! be/         
ar*itectural  "w 9 ! ,/ate1 & built to  
la/ = c5turies1 does n at ?is  "t af=d  
facilities = "o-?ird ! bus9ess = :i* x 0
  int5d$4 ,! pres5t ,po/-,(fice1        
exp5sively fitt$ up "s t5  ye>s ago1 no 
long] answ]s its purpose1 & a new "o (  
twice  its capacity is imp]atively      
dem&$4 ,! ,cu/om-,h\se1 expressly       
design$ = p]man5ce & con/ruct$ to t end 
at enorm\s  exp5se less ?an tw5ty ye>s  
ago1 is n half l>ge en\gh to            
accommodate ! pres5t comm]ce ( ! city4  
,! explanation ( ?is app>5tly bad       
calculation is ma9ly giv5  ) ! fact t1  

at e c5sus s9ce t ( #ahfj1 ! city's     
rate ( increase has be5 f\nd to be      
ov]runn+ ! rate previ\sly  e/abli%$4    
,a wise =eca/ ( ! future gave ! propos$ 
p>k ! "n (  ,c5tral4 ,our pres5t *ief   
magi/rate1 :o c himself rememb]         
m>ket-g>d5s bel[ ,canal /reet1 & a      
po/-&-rail f5ce on !  nor? side (       
,city-,hall p>k1 w>n$ 8 coadjutors1 9 8 
inaugural  message1 to expect a great & 
rapid movem5t ( population t[>d !  p>ts 
( ! isl& adjo9+ ! ,c5tral ,p>k4 ,a ye>  
h5ce1 five  city railroads w br+        
pass5g]s z f> up z ! p>k1 if n  beyond  
x4 ,rec5t movem5ts to transf] !         
/eamboat-l&+s &  railroad /ations1      
al?\gh z yet unsuccessful1 indicate     
*anges we  are soon to expect4    ,!    
#ag1jjj lots )drawn f use = build+      
purposes 9 ! p>k  itself1 w greatly     
accel]ate ! occupation ( ! adjo9+ l&4   
,only tw5ty ye>s ago1 ,union ,squ>e 0   
8out ( t[n20 tw5ty ye>s  h5ce1 ! t[n w h
 enclos$ ! ,c5tral ,p>k4 ,let u consid]1
  !re=e1 :at w at t "t be satisfactory1 

= x is !n t  ! design w h to be really  
judg$4    ,no long] an op5 suburb1 our  
gr\nd w h ar\nd x a cont9u\s  high wall 
( brick1 /one1 & m>ble4 ,! adjo9+ %ores 
w  be l9$ ) comm]cial docks & w>eh\ses2 
/eamboat & f]ry  l&+s1 railroad /ations1
 hotels1 !atres1 factories1 w be on  all
 sides ( x & above x2 all :i* our p>k   
mu/ be made to fit4    ,! demolition (  
,columbia ,college1 & ! removal ( !     
cloi/ral  elms :i* s long en%ad[$ x2 !  
p]t9aci\s dem& = a  division ( ,tr9ity  
*ur*y>d2 ! num]\s in/ances 9 :i* our    
old gravey>ds h actually be5 brok5 up2 !
 indirect concession  ( ! mo/ important 
space 9 ! ,city-,hall p>k = ! purposes  
( a ?or\ghf>e & ! fur!r contraction x is
 n[ likely to  suff]2 toge!r ) ! con/ant
 enorm\s exp5diture ( ! city  &         
sacrifices ( ! citiz5s1 9 ! /raight5+ & 
wid5+ (  /reets1 are all famili> facts1 
t tea* u a lesson ( ! mo/  press+       
importance 9 our pres5t duty4 ,to its   
application we give  ! fir/ place 9 our 
plann+4           99       99       99  

99       99    ,sid5ote3 ,! transv]se   
roads4    ,our in/ructions call = f\r   
transv]se roads4 ,ea* ( ^! w be  ! sole 
l9e ( communication betwe5 "o side ( !  
t[n & !  o!r1 = a di/ance equal to t    
betwe5 ,*amb]s /reet & ,canal  /reet4   
,if we suppose b "o cross+ ( ,broadway  
to be possible  9 ?is int]val1 we %all  
realize :at ^! transv]se roads are      
de/9$ to become4 ,inevitably !y w be    
cr[d$ ?or\ghf>es1  hav+ no?+ 9 common ) 
! p>k prop]1 b e ?+ at  v>iance ) ^?    
agreeable s5tim5ts :i* we %\ld wi% ! p>k
  to inspire4 ,x w n be possible to     
en=ce ! ord9>y police  regulations (    
public p>ks ^u !m4 ,!y mu/ be con/antly 
op5 to  all ! legitimate traffic ( !    
city1 to coal c>ts & but*]s'  c>ts1 du/ 
c>ts & dung c>ts2 eng9e companies w use 
!m1  ^? on "o side ! p>k ru%+ _! ma*9es 
across x )  frantic zeal at e al>m f !  
o!r2 ladies & invalids w  ne$ special   
police escort = cross+ !m1 z !y d 9 l[] 
,broadway3 eight times 9 a s+le circuit 
( ! p>k w !y  oblige a pleasure drive or

 /roll to enc\nt] a turbid /ream (      
co>se traffic1 con/antly mov+ at "r     
angles to ! l9e ( !  p>k movem5t4    ,! 
transv]se roads w also h to be kept op51
 :ile !  p>k prop] w be useless = any   
good purpose1 aft] dusk1 =  exp]i5ce has
 %[n t ev5 9 ,london1 ) its admirable   
police  arrangem5ts1 ! public _c be     
secur$ safe transit ?r\gh l>ge  op5     
spaces ( gr\nd aft] nightfall4          
,sid5ote3 ,=eign examples4    ,^! public
 ?or\ghf>es w !n require to be well     
light$ at !  sides &1 to re/ra9 m>aud]s 
pursu$ by ! police f escap+  into !     
obscurity ( ! p>k1 /rong f5ces or walls1
 six or eight  feet high1 w be necess>y4
 ,a public road ?us gu>d$ passes  ?r\gh 
! ,reg5t's ,p>k ( ,london1 at !         
,zoological ,g>d5s4 ,x  has ! objection 
t ! f5ce1 ) its necess>y gates at e     
cross+ ( ! p>k drives1 roads or pa?s1 is
 n only a great  inconv5i5ce b a        
disagreeable object 9 ! l&scape4    ,to 
avoid a simil> disfigurem5t an important
 passage across !  g>d5 ( ! ,tuil]ies is

 clos$ by gates at night1 =c+ all :o    
w\ld o!rwise use x to g a long di/ance  
to ! "r or left4    ,! =m & position ( !
 ,c5tral ,p>k are peculi> 9 respect to  
?is difficulty1 & su* t prec$5t 9 deal+ 
) x is r  to be s\ght 9 ! long & n>r[   
,b\lev>ds ( "s ( ! old  ,cont95tal      
cities ( ,europe1 ?an 9 ! broad p>ks )  
:i*1  f its area 9 acres1 we are mo/    
naturally l$ to comp>e x4 ,!  ,b\lev>ds 
ref]r$ to are1 h[ev]1 g5]ally us$ only z
 walks1 n  z drives or places ( c]emony4
 ,9 frequ5t in/ances1 9 ord] n  to      
int]rupt _! alleys1 ! /reets cross+ !m  
are made 9 !  =m ( causeways & c>ri$ ov]
 on high ar*es4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1  de/roys 
all l&scape effect1 s9ce x puts an      
abrupt limit to !  view4 ,"s exp$i5t is 
ne$$ = ! ,c5tral ,p>k by :i* !          
conv5i5ce ( ! arrangem5t may be reta9$1 
:ile ! objection is  z f> z possible    
avoid$4    ,sid5ote3 ,! pres5t design4  
,9 ! plan h]e) (f]$ to ! ,commission1   
ea* ( ! transv]se  roads is int5d$ to be
 sunk s f> bel[ ! g5]al surface t !  p>k

 drives may1 at e necess>y po9t (       
int]section1 be c>ri$  entirely ov] x1  
)\t any obvi\s elevation or div]g5ce f  
_! mo/ attractive r\tes4 ,! banks on ea*
 side w be wall$ up  to ! height ( ab\t 
sev5 feet1 ?us =m+ ! protective b>ri]   
requir$ by police consid]ations1 & a    
little judici\s plant+ on  ! tops or    
slopes ( ! banks above ^! walls w1 9 mo/
 cases1  entirely conceal bo? ! roads & 
! vehicles mov+ 9 !m1 f  ! view ( ^?    
walk+ or driv+ 9 ! p>k4#a    #a ,,note1 
#ahfh4--;,9 execution1 ! f\r traffic    
roads h be5 c>ri$  ?r\gh ! ,p>k 9 !     
mann] sugge/$4    ,if ! position :i* has
 j be5 tak5 ) reg>d to ! necessity  =   
p]man5tly op5 transv]se ?or\ghf>es is   
f\nd to be correct1  x foll[s necess>ily
 t ! #gjj acres all[$ to ! new p>k  mu/1
 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 be subdivid$         
def9itely1 al?\gh x is  to be hop$ to "s
 ext5t invisibly1 into five sep>ate &   
di/9ct  sections1 only connect$ "h & !re
 by roads cross+ !m2 & if  ! plan ( mak+
 ^! ?or\ghf>es by sunk5 roads is        

approv$1  !y w1 z x appe>s to u1 f !    
nature ( ! gr\nd1 h to  be laid d[n     
some:at on ! l9es indicat$ on ! plan4   
,if s1 !  problem to be solv$ is n>r[$ 9
 its dim5sions1 & ! ef=ts  ( ! design] c
 be no long] direct$ to an arrangem5t t 
%all agreeably use up ! space ( #gjj    
acres allott$1 b to mak+  "s plan t %all
 h unity ( effect z a :ole1 & yet avoid 
collision 9 its detail$ features ) !    
int]sect+ l9es ?us  sugge/$4 ,x is on   
?is basis t ! pres5t plan has1 9 ! fir/ 
in/ance1 be5 f\nd$4 ,if ! sunk5         
transv]se roads 7 omitt$1  ! design w\ld
 n be less complete 9 "*2 b x is1 on  ! 
o!r h&1 s laid out t ! transv]se        
?or\ghf>es d n  int]f]e mat]ially ) its 
g5]al or detail$ effect4    ,sid5ote3   
,surface transv]se roads4    ,aft] hav+ 
plann$ ! p>k drives agreeably to ^!     
views1 we  obs]v$ t ?ree additional     
mod]ately direct1 transv]se roads  _h   
occurr$4 ,^! w af=d facilities = cross+ 
! p>k to  all vehicles ( classes :i* x w
 be prop] to admit ^u !m1  su* z hackney

 coa*es & all private c>riages2 & ?us   
sev5  transv]se roads w be really       
provid$ to be us$ dur+ daylight4  ,f\r  
roads w probably be amply adequate = !  
night traffic  ne$+ to cross ! p>k2 b x 
might be que/ion$ if ?is numb]  w\ld be 
suffici5t dur+ ! day4           99      
99       99       99       99           
,sid5ote3 ,! ext]ior4    ,z x is n      
propos$ t ! p>k prop] %all be light$ at 
night1  x is well wor? :ile to consid]  
if ! advantages :i* x (f]s  z an int]e/+
 prom5ade may n yet 9 "s way be obta9$  
at  night4    ,sid5ote3 ,fif? ,av5ue4   
,sid5ote3 ,eigh? av5ue ,railroad4    ,! 
ord9ance t regulates ! wid? ( ,fif?     
av5ue1 provides  = an op5 space ( fifte5
 feet on ea* side1 exclusive ( t        
requir$ = ! sidewalks & ! roadway2      
consequ5tly1 a space (  ?irty feet 9    
wid? is already prep>$ = on ?is side ( !
 p>k  = its :ole l5g?4 ,on ! ,eigh?     
av5ue a simil> arrangem5t may  probably 
be effect$1 & z !re w\ld be no occasion 
to back up  c>ts aga9/ ! p>k side ( !   

av5ue1 x is feasible to c>ry !  railway 
tracks close to ! edge ( ! walk1 ?us    
leav+ a cle>  space = c>riages on !     
opposite or build+ side & mak+ !  access
 to ! p>k side m clean & conv5i5t4#b    
#b ,,note1 #ahfh4--,! sidewalks h be5   
treat$ 9 execution z  propos$1 b !      
sugge/ion 9 reg>d to ! railroad has n   
yet be5 c>ri$ out4 ,9 ! ,brooklyn ,p>k  
h[ev] ! int5d$  arrangem5t has be5 fully
 realiz$4    ,sid5ote3 ,fifty-,n9? & ,"o
 ,hundr$ & ,six? /reets4    ,on ! s\!rn 
b\nd>y x is n desirable to r$uce !      
already  mod]ate wid? ( ! c>riage way4  
,x is1 on ! o!r h&1 a  "q :e!r1 z !     
/reets & ! p>k bo?1 9 reality1  are !   
prop]ty ( "o own]--! ,city--?is /reet   
%\ld n be  treat$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,x  
w1 f its position1 be 9 "t  r cr[d$ )   
traffic1 & w1 !re=e1 h "s claim  to be  
wid5$ on ?is gr\nd alone4 ,z a "q (     
beauty (  arrangem5t = ! p>k itself1    
h[ev]1 x is conceiv$ t if  by ?is       
managem5t a m /ately "* ?an c\ld o!rwise
 be  obta9$ w\ld be secur$ to ! out]    

b\nd>ies ( ! p>k1 x  w\ld be *eaply     
pur*as$ at ! sacrifice ( a few feet at !
 s\?  end1 (f its pres5t l5g? ( two & a 
half miles4 ,9 rid+ along  any ( !      
av5ues1 ! eye _c fail to be /ruck ) !   
great  diff]5ce 9 dignity ( effect1     
betwe5 su* /reets z ,f\rte5?  &         
,tw5ty-,?ird1 & ^? int]m$iate1 & x w\ld 
be a matt] (  regret t a s\rce ( effect 
s easily obta9$1 %\ld be lo/ 9          
connection ) ! gr& approa*es to ! p>k1  
because x does n  happ5 t its b\nd>ies  
at pres5t co9cide ) ! wide /reets  laid 
out on ! work+ plan ^u :i* ! city is be+
 con/ruct$4  ,if1 moreov]1 ! advantage (
 ! ev5+ prom5ade is all[$ to be  (      
importance1 we %\ld be sorry to disp5se 
) ?is section ( x1  :i* w\ld be ! only  
portion hav+ a direct communication f ! 
,six? & ,sev5? av5ues4    ,sid5ote3     
,treatm5t ( b\nd>y l9es4    ,= ! purpose
 ( conceal+ ! h\ses on ! opposite side (
 !  /reet1 f ! p>k1 & to insure an      
umbrage\s horizon l9e1 x  is propos$1 z 
w be se5 9 ! plan1 to plant a l9e (     

trees  all ar\nd ! out] edge ( ! p>k1   
betwe5 ! sidewalk & !  roadway4#c ,on   
approa*+ ! ,fif? & ,eigh? av5ue         
entrances1  ?is l9e ( trees along       
,fifty-,n9? /reet w come prom95tly  into
 view1 & h a h&some effect1 if ! /reet  
is wid5$2 b  if ,fifty-,n9? /reet is    
all[$ to rema9 z a n>r[ /reet1 x  is    
fe>$ t x w be difficult to prev5t ?is   
b\nd>y l9e  ( ! p>k f hav+ a contract$ &
 some:at mean appe>ance4  ,h5ce1 we h   
?\ght x prop] 9 our plan to assume !    
advantage  & practicability ( ?is       
arrangem5t to be conc$$2 b1 if ?is  %\ld
 n be ! case1 x w be readily p]ceiv$ t x
 =ms no  ess5tial "p ( our design4#d    
#c ,,note1 #ahfh4--,?is feature ( !     
design has be5 p>tially c>ri$  into     
execution & is 9 progress f ye> to ye>1 
z ! /reet &  av5ue grades become settl$4
    #d ,,note1 #ahfh4--;,9 execution1   
#ei? /reet has be5 treat$ z "h          
recomm5d$4    ,on ! space orig9ally     
provid$ = a sidewalk on ! p>k side (  ! 
/reets & av5ues1 !re w1 9 any case1 be  

room = su*  a l9e ( trees z we h        
propos$4 ,! cont9u\s ext]ior mall  %\ld 
by no means be giv5 up1 ev5 ?\gh x _c be
 made 9 all  p>ts z wide z we h propos$4
 ,at _m po9ts1 & frequ5tly =  q long    
di/ances1 x w =m an elevat$ t]race1     
comm&+  ext5sive views ov] ! p>k1 ( !   
mo/ int]e/+ "*1 &  a m]e p>apet-wall    
?ree or f\r feet high1 w1 9 su* cases1  
be  all-suffici5t = ! safety ( prom5ad]s
 & ! protection ( !  p>k f int]lop]s4   
,sid5ote3 ,fif? av5ue entrance4    ,!   
f9e/ approa* f ! city is c]ta9 to be    
along ! ,fif?  av5ue1 & x has be5 ?\ght 
necess>y to view ) special c>e  ! angle 
( ! p>k fir/ rea*$ f ?is direction1     
because x  w be g5]ally felt t imm$iate 
entrance %\ld be _h at ?is  po9t4#e     
#e ,,note1 #ahfh4--,we submitt$ a plan =
 a mu* ne$$ amplification 9  ?is approa*
 dur+ ! e>li] /age ( ! "w1 b ! sugge/ion
  has n yet be5 act$ on4    ,! grade ( !
 av5ue has be5 e/abli%$ s high t        
consid]able  fill+-9 w\ld be requir$ to 
avoid a rapid desc5t1 b directly  ?is   

s+le difficulty is ov]come1 ! gr\nd     
beyond has great  advantages = ! purpose
 ( a dignifi$ entrance to ! p>k4 ,a     
massive rock t w be f\nd 9 connection ) 
?is requisite  made-gr\nd1 (f]s a       
suffici5tly l>ge natural object to      
occupy  ! att5tion1 & w at once r$uce ! 
artificial feature to a  position ( m9or
 importance4 ,if1 next1 we /& ^u t      
portion  ( ! rock :i* 7a little nor? ( !
 l>ge *]ry-tree7 is at  grade-height1 we
 f9d t !re is ano!r rocky hillock )9 a  
%ort di/ance1 9 ! direction a visitor to
 ! p>k w\ld mo/  naturally pursue--t is 
to say1 t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! p>k4 ,?is  c  
be easily rea*$ by slightly rais+ !     
int]m$iate gr\nd2 by  !n sweep+ to ! "r1
 ! natural con=mation ( ! surface  (f]s 
an easy asc5t 7by ! exi/+ c>t-way ov]   
,sixty-,?ird  /reet7 to a plateau 7two  
rods we/ ( ! p[d]-h\se71 directly       
connect$ ) ! ext5sive table-l& :i*      
occupies ! c5tre (  ! l[] half ( ! p>k4 
,f ?is plateau 7n[ occupi$ ma9ly by !   
nurs]y7 a view is _h  ( ne>ly all ! p>k 

up to ! ,res]voir1 9 a nor!rly          
direction2  & on look+ to ! s\? & we/1  
we p]ceive t !re are  natural approa*es 
f ^! directions1 :i* sugge/ t we h      
arriv$ at a suitable po9t ( conc5tration
 = all approa*es :i*  may be made f !   
l[] "p ( ! city to ! int]ior ( !  p>k4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,sid5ote3 ,! ,av5ue4    ,vi/a ,rock1 !  
mo/ prom95t po9t 9 ! l&scape ( ! l[]    
p>k1 "h fir/ comes di/9ctly into view1 &
 =tunately 9 a  direction diagonal to ! 
b\nd>y l9es1 f :i* x is desirable  to   
)draw att5tion 9 e possible way4 ,we    
!re=e accept ?is  l9e ( view z af=d+ an 
all-suffici5t motive to our fur!r       
proc$ure4 ,al?\gh av]se on g5]al        
pr9ciples to a symmetrical  arrangem5t (
 trees1 we consid] x an ess5tial feature
 ( a  metropolitan p>k1 t x %\ld conta9 
a gr& prom5ade1 level1  spaci\s1 &      
?or\ghly %ad$4 ,?is result c 9 no o!r   
way be  s completely arriv$ at1 z by an 
av5ue1 :i* 9 itself ev51  exclusive (   
its adaptability = ?is purpose1 conta9s 

s _m  elem5ts ( gr&eur & magnific5ce1 t 
x %\ld be recogniz$  z an ess5tial      
feature 9 ! arrangem5t ( any l>ge p>k4  
,!  objection to :i* x is liable is t x 
divides ! l&scape into  two p>ts1 & x is
 !re=e desirable to decide at :at po9t  
?is  necessity c be submitt$ to ) ! lea/
 sacrifice to ! g5]al  effect4 ,! :ole  
topographical "* ( ! p>k is s v>i$1  s  
sugge/ive ( natural treatm5t1 s         
picturesque1 s individual 9  its        
*>act]i/ics1 t x w\ld be contr>y to     
common s5se to  make ! av5ue its lead+  
feature1 or to occupy any great ext5t  (
 gr\nd = ?is special purpose4 ,x mu/ be 
subs]vi5t to !  g5]al design1 if t g5]al
 design is to be 9 accordance ) !       
pres5t configuration ( ! gr\nd1 & we h  
!re=e ?\ght  t x %\ld1 s f> z possible1 
be complete 9 itself1 & n  become a     
portion ( any ( ! lead+ drives4 ,!re is 
no dignity  ( effect to be produc$ by   
driv+ ?r\gh an av5ue a qu>t] ( a  mile  
long1 unless x leads to1 & becomes an   
accessory (1 "s gr&  ar*itectural       

/ructure1 :i* itself1 & n ! av5ue1 is ! 
ultimatum ( int]e/4 ,an av5ue = driv+ 9 
%\ld be two or ?ree  miles long1 or x w 
be petite & disappo9t+4 ,we h !re=e     
?\ght x mo/ desirable to id5tify ! idea 
( ! av5ue ) !  prom5ade1 = :i* purpose a
 qu>t] ( a mile is n insuffici5t1  & we 
c f9d no bett] place = su* a gr& mall1  
or op5 air  hall ( reception1 z we      
desire to h1 ?an ! gr\nd be=e u4#f    #f
 ,,note1 #ahfh4--;,9 execution1 ?is     
av5ue has be5 plant$ ) elms1  z sugge/$ 
lat] 9 ! report1 & is n[ call$ 8,!      
,mall40    ,sid5ote3 ,! ,prom5ade4    ,9
 giv+ x ?is prom95t position1 we look at
 x 9 ! light (  an artificial /ructure  
on a scale ( magnitude comm5surate ) !  
size ( ! p>k1 & int5d 9 our design t x  
%\ld occupy !  same position ( relative 
importance 9 ! g5]al arrangem5t (  !    
plan t a mansion %\ld occupy 9 a p>k    
prep>$ = private  occupation4 ,!        
importance t is ju/ly connect$ ) ! idea 
(  ! resid5ce ( ! own] 9 ev5 ! mo/      
ext5sive private gr\nds1  f9ds no       

p>allel 9 a public p>k1 h[ev] small1 &  
we feel t  ! int]e/ ( ! visitor1 :o1 9 !
 be/ s5se is ! true  own] 9 ! latt]     
case1 %\ld conc5trate on features (     
natural1  9 pref]5ce to artificial1     
beauty4 ,_m elegant build+s may be      
appropriately erect$ = desirable        
purposes 9 a public p>k1 b we  conceive 
t all su* ar*itectural /ructures %\ld be
 confess$ly  subs]vi5t to ! ma9 idea1 & 
t no?+ artificial %\ld be  obtrud$ on ! 
view z an ultimatum ( int]e/4 ,! idea ( 
! p>k  itself %\ld always be upp]mo/ 9 !
 m9d ( ! behold]4 ,hold+  ?is g5]al     
pr9ciple to be ( consid]able importance1
 we h  pref]r$ to place ! av5ue :]e x c 
be t]m9at$ appropriately  at "o end ) a 
l&scape attraction ( consid]able ext5t1 
& to  relieve ! s\? entrance ) only s   
mu* ar*itectural treatm5t  z may give ! 
idea t due reg>d has be5 paid to !      
adornm5t (  ?is pr9cipal prom5ade1 )\t  
int]f]+ ) its real "*4    ,?is av5ue may
 be consid]$ ! c5tral feature 9 our plan
 =  lay+ out ! l[] p>k1 & ! o!r details 

( arrangem5t are  m or less design$ 9   
connection ) x4    ,sid5ote3 ,p>ade     
gr\nd4    ,to ! we/ is ! p>ade gr\nd1   
conta9+ ab\t #be acres1 t  may1 at a    
mod]ate exp5se1 be levell$ & made       
suitable = its  purpose2#g & also "s    
eight or t5 acres ( brok5 gr\nd1 t  w be
 m or less available = milit>y ex]cises4
 ,su* a broad  op5 plane ( well-kept    
grass w\ld be a refre%+ & agreeable     
feature 9 ! g5]al design1 & w\ld be> to 
be ( mu* great]  ext5t ?an is "h %[n1 if
 ! lot 7 ( a diff]5t %ape2 b  "u !      
circum/ances1 #be acres seems z mu* z c 
well be sp>$  = ! purpose4 ,a milit>y   
entrance f ,eigh? av5ue is propos$ to   
be made at ,sixty-,n9? /reet1 :i* has   
be5 already1 at consid]able  exp5se1 cut
 ?r\gh ! rock at ?is po9t1 & (f]s a     
sugge/ion  = a picturesque approa*1 ) a 
portcullis gate1 & ) ! ma9  p>k drive   
c>ri$ ov] x at a high] level4    #g     
,,note1 #ahfh4--;,a ,p>ade gr\nd 0 dem&$
 by ! s*$ule (  in/ructions furni%$ to  
competitors4 ,9 execution ?is op5 space 

"u ! "n ( 8,! ,gre50 has be5 reta9$ z a 
prom95t feature  ( ! design1 b has n be5
 & is n int5d$ to be us$ =  milit>y     
ex]cises4           99       99       99
       99       99    ,sid5ote3         
,playgr\nd4    ,! natural s\!rn b\nd>y (
 ! table-l& occupi$ by ! p>ade  gr\nd is
 a rapid slope t occurs ab\t 9 ! l9e (  
,sixty-,six?  /reet2 9 ?is slope x is   
propos$ to s9k "o ( ! transv]se  roads2 
& on a level plane bel[ x1 /ret*+ to !  
s\?1 a  playgr\nd ab\t t5 acres 9 ext5t 
is locat$1 z indicat$ on !  plan4 ,we h 
?\ght x v desirable to h a cricket gr\nd
 (  ?is size ne> ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! p>k1
 & n f> f !  ,six? & ,eigh? av5ue       
railroads1 :i* (f] ! mo/ rapid means  ( 
access f ! l[] "p ( ! city4#h    #h ,!  
playgr\nd has be5 arrang$ z "h          
recomm5d$4    ,9 ?is playgr\nd sites are
 sugge/$ = two build+s ( mod]ate        
dim5sions3 "o = visitors to view !      
games1 :i* w\ld be  appropriately locat$
 on a l>ge rock t ov]looks ! gr\nd2 &  !
 o!r = ! play]s1 at ! entrance f !      

transv]se road1  by :i* an exit c\ld be 
obta9$ f ! playgr\nd aft] !  o!r gates 7
 clos$4#i ,only "o mass ( rock ( any    
consid]able  magnitude w\ld require to  
be bla/$ out = ! purpose ( adapt+  ?is  
gr\nd to its int5d$ purpose2 its        
position is indicat$ on !  plan by a r$ 
cross1 & ! object ( its removal w be se5
 on  exam9ation4 ,?is "p ( ! design is  
illu/rat$ 9 /udy ,no4 #b4  ,! gr\nd at !
 s\?-we/ corn] ( ! p>k x is propos$ to  
fill  9 suffici5tly to make1 on ! plan  
indicat$1 an agreeable ,eigh?  av5ue    
entrance4    #i ,,note1 #ahfh4--,!      
f\ndation = ?is build+ 0 laid dur+ !    
la/ season4           99       99       
99       99       99    ,sid5ote3 ,! l[]
 lake4    ,to ! s\?-ea/ ( ! prom5ade1 & 
betwe5 ! ,fif? & ,six?  av5ue entrances1
 x is propos$ to =m a lake ( irregul>   
%ape1  & ) an area ( #h or #i acres4    
,?is arrangem5t has be5 sugge/$  by !   
pres5t nature ( ! gr\nd1 :i* is l[ &    
some:at swampy4  ,x is conceiv$ t1 by   
introduc+ su* an ornam5tal %eet ( wat]  

into ! composition at ?is po9t1 !       
picturesque effect ( !  bold bluffs t w 
run d[n to its edge & ov]hang x1 mu/ be 
mu* increas$2#aj & t by means ( su* a   
natural b\nd>y1 ?is  rocky section ( !  
p>k w be r5d]$ m retir$ & attractive  z 
a pleasant walk or l\nge4 ,! propos$    
effect ( ?is "p ( !  design1 z x w appe>
 f ! ,fif? av5ue entrance1 is indicat$  
on /udy ,no4 #a4aa    #aj ,,note1       
#ahfh4--;,an improvem5t ( ! soil & ( !  
skyl9es (  ?is rocky section1           
contemplat$ at ! "t ! plan 0 made1 0    
la/ ye> c>ri$ into execution1 by means (
 e>? fill+ on !  m prom95t summit       
levels4    #aa ,,note1 #ahfh4--,!       
orig9al requirem5ts ( ! ,commission 9   
reg>d  to b\nd>y & exp5se necessitat$1 9
 ! fir/ /udy1 a cramp$  & unsatisfactory
 arrangem5t ( ! entrances on ,fifty-n9? 
/reet4  ,we h s9ce made /udies = !      
amplification ( ea* ( !  pr9cipal       
approa*es1 & ! necess>y legislation 9   
reg>d to !  entrance at #h? ,av5ue &    
#ei? /reet hav+ be5 obta9$ at !  in/ance

 ( ! prop]ty own]s 9 ! neighborhood1 ?is
 improvem5t  is %[n on ! map ( ! ,p>k1  
dat$ #ahfh4    ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ars5al4    
,to ! s\?-ea/ ( ! prom5ade w be f\nd t  
portion (  ! p>k 9 :i* ! pres5t ,ars5al 
is situat$4 ,?is gr\nd is  undulat+ &   
agreeable 9 its "*1 & w (f] pleasant    
opportunities = %ady walks4 ,! ,ars5al  
itself1 al?\gh at pres5t  a v           
unattractive /ructure1 & only tol]ably  
built1 conta9s a  great deal ( room 9 a 
=m t adapts x v well to ! purposes  ( a 
museum4 ,x is propos$1 !re=e1 to improve
 its ext]nal  appe>ance s f> z may be   
necess>y1 )\t *ang+ its %ape or         
usefulness1 or go+ to any great exp5se2 
& z x occurs r  ne> ! ,fif? av5ue       
entrance1 & is1 !re=e1 likely to occupy 
too consid]able a %>e ( att5tion if left
 expos$ to view f !  s\?1 x is int5d$1 z
 e>ly z possible1 to plant 9 its vic9ity
  =e/-trees1 calculat$ to become h&some 
specim5s ( l>ge size1  & t w1 aft] a few
 ye>s1 prev5t ! museum f attract+  an   
undue %>e ( att5tion 9 ! g5]al l&scape4 

99       99       99       99       99  
,sid5ote3 ,music-,hall4    ,to ! ea/ ( !
 prom5ade1 !re w be a half-mile /ret* ( 
lawn & trees ext5d+ f ! vic9ity (       
,fifty-,n9? /reet  to ,sev5ty-,second   
/reet1 & ?is w be ! dress gr\nd ( !     
p>k2 & 9 a prom95t position on ?is      
gr\nd1 & imm$iately  connect$ ) ! gr&   
mall1 ! site = a music-hall1 call$ =  9 
our in/ructions1 has be5 set ap>t2 & we 
h sugge/$ t a  palm-h\se & l>ge         
cons]vatory %\ld be add$ to ?is         
music-hall  :5ev] x is built4#ab    #ab 
,,note1 #ahfh4--,?is site is n[ occupi$ 
by a build+ :i* we  design$ = a ,ladies'
 ,re/aurant1 sites on a some:at l>g]    
scale  be+ res]v$ = a music-hall &      
cons]vatory1 :i* yet rema9 to  be       
erect$4    ,?is site is recomm5d$       
because x is conspicu\s )\t be+         
obtrusive1 & is easy ( access f !       
prom5ade & f "o (  ! lead+ av5ue        
entrances2 :ile1 to ! nor?1 x comm&s f  
its t]races & v]&as ! f9e/ views t are  
to be obta9$ 9  ! l[] "p ( ! p>k4 ,x    

also ov]looks ! site :i* we h  select$ z
 mo/ appropriate = ! fl[]-g>d5 call$ = 9
 our  in/ructions2 & ?is we consid] a   
decid$ advantage1 z ! mo/  attractive   
view ( a fl[]-g>d5 is f "s po9t above x1
 t  w enable ! visitor to take 9 at a   
glance a g5]al idea ( !  effect aim$ at4
    ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fl[] ,g>d54    ,! g>d5
 is locat$ 9 l[ gr\nd to ! nor?-ea/ ( ! 
prom5ade1 & close ^u ! l9e ( ,fif?      
av5ue1 ! grade (  :i* opposite ! c5tre (
 ! g>d5 is ab\t tw5ty feet above  !     
pres5t level ( ! gr\nd2 ?is1 = ! reasons
 above /at$1  we consid] a desid]atum1 &
 h sugge/$ t ov] ! arcade  or v]&a t we 
propose %\ld be built aga9/ ! ea/ wall  
( ! p>k 9 connection ) ! g>d51 a        
/ructure %\ld be  erect$1 ) an entrance 
on a level ) ! av5ue1 s z to give an    
opportunity = a view ( ! g>d51 bo? f ?is
 level & f  ano!r /ory above x4 ,?is    
idea is n1 ( c\rse1 necess>y to !       
design1 & ! sket* submitt$ is m]ely a   
sugge/ion to %[ :at  may be done at "s  
future "t4#ac    #ac ,,note1            

#ahfh4--,:ile ! con/ruction ( ! p>k 0 9 
progress ,messrs ,p>sons  ,co41 :o held 
a contract grant$ by !  ,commission]s1  
employ$ u to develop ?is g5]al idea 9 ! 
=m  ( a two-/ory glass build+1 ( :i* !  
upp] section is !  cons]vatory prop] & !
 l[] portion is propos$ to be us$ =  !  
exhibition & sale ( fl[]s1 b ! design   
has n yet be5  execut$4    ,! plan ( !  
fl[]-g>d5 itself is geometrical2 & x is 
surr\nd$ by an irregul> & less =mal     
plantation ( %rubs1 t  w s]ve to connect
 x ) ! p>k prop]4 ,9 ! c5tre x is       
propos$ to con/ruct a l>ge bas9 = a     
f\nta91 ) a high jet2  o!r small] jets  
are prep>$ =1 z indicat$2 &1 9          
connection  ) ! nor? wall1 :i* w be     
some:at bel[ ! surface ( !  gr\nd       
beyond1 x is propos$ to arrange "s su*  
wall f\nta9 z  ! celebrat$ "o ( ,trevi4 
,! wat] = ?is f\nta9 w1 9  ! pres5t     
case1 be suppli$ f ! skat+ pond & also f
  ! ,res]voir1 & w fall into a          
semi-circul> m>ble bas91 )  a pav$      
floor4 ,su* a f\nta9 is out ( place     

unless x c be  furni%$ ) an ample supply
 ( wat]2 b1 9 ! position assign$  to x  
on our plan1 !re w be no difficulty 9   
procur+ all !  wat] t c be requir$ = !  
purpose2 & x seems desirable1  !re=e1 to
 take advantage ( ! opportunity (f]$1 = 
!  effect ( a sculptur$ f\nta9 ( ?is    
sort is q di/9ct f  t produc$ by a jet  
d'eau4           99       99       99   
99       99    ,a color$ plan ( ?is "p (
 ! design is illu/rat$ to an  enl>g$    
scale on /udy ,no4 #aa4           99    
99       99       99       99    ,to !  
nor?-we/ ( ! prom5ade is a slope1 (f]+  
an appropriate  site = a summ]-h\se1 t 9
 su* a situation %\ld h "s  ar*itectural
 pret5sion2 & fur!r to ! we/1 ne> ,eigh?
 av5ue1  is a /ret* ( table-l&1 t]m9at$ 
by an abrupt rocky desc5t1  t sugge/s   
itself z well suit$ = a ,cas9o or       
refre%m5t  h\se4#ad    #ad ,,note1      
#ahfh4--,?is gr\nd /ill rema9s          
unimprov$1 x be+ !  int5tion to develop 
! idea ref]r$ to 9 ! report1 al?\gh !   
plans = ! /ructure are n yet f9ally     

decid$ on4           99       99        
99       99       99    ,f ! upp] end ( 
! prom5ade ! rocky hill-side to ! nor?1 
surm\nt$ by ,vi/a ,rock at its highe/   
po9t1 comes 9 full view2  & on ?is rock 
x w be g5]ally conc$$ a t[] %\ld be     
erect$--b by no means a l>ge "o1 or !   
:ole scale ( ! view  w be de/roy$4#ae   
,to ! nor? & nor?-we/ ( ! prom5ade1 a   
tract ( l[ gr\nd is propos$ to be       
conv]t$ into ! skat+ pond  call$ = 9 our
 in/ructions2 & ! picturesque sc5]y     
betwe5  ,vi/a ,rock & ! prom5ade w ?us  
be height5$ 9 effect1 :5  se5 f ! s\?   
side ( ?is lake1 ( ab\t #ad acres4 ,a   
t]race  approa*1 z %[n on ! plan1 & on  
/udy ,no4 #c1 is propos$1  f ! av5ue to 
! wat]4#af ,?is feature1 al?\gh by no   
means  absolutely necess>y1 w\ld add mu*
 to ! g5]al effect1 & c\ld  be introduc$
 at any future "t1 if x is pref]r$ at   
pres5t to  treat ! gr\nd occupi$ by x 9 
a less artificial /yle4    #ae ,,note1  
#ahfh4--,! f\ndations = ?is "w 7 comm5c$
 la/  season on a rocky promontory :i*  

=m$ a "p ( ! ,croton  res]voir inclosure
 :5 x 0 expect$ to be b\nd$ by /reet    
l9es1 b :i* has lately be5 add$ to ! p>k
 t]ritory1 9  accordance ) our          
sugge/ion4    #af ,,note1 #ahfh4--,!    
ar*itectural treatm5t ( ! t]race approa*
  has be5 develop$ 9 detail dur+ !      
progress ( ! "w1 b mu*  ( ! int5d$      
effect /ill rema9s to be realiz$4       
,imm$iately 9 ! vic9ity ( ,vi/a ,rock is
 ! s\? wall ( !  pres5t res]voir4 ,?is  
wall occupies ! :ole ( ! middle ( !     
p>k1 & is a blank1 un9t]e/+ object1 t c 
9 no way be  made p>ticul>ly attractive4
 ,we h !re=e1 ?\ght x necess>y  to be>  
?is 9 m9d 9 arrang+ ! g5]al plan1 & h   
giv5 a  direction to ! l9es ( drive     
lead+ ?is way f ! l[] "p  ( ! p>k1 t w  
enable !m to avoid ! wall ( ! res]voir  
altoge!r4#ag ,! necessity = do+ ?is has 
induc$ u to  comm5ce div]t+ ! l9es (    
drive at ! s\? end ( ! gr&  prom5ade1   
:i* seems to (f] a suffici5t reason = s 
do+1 &  to lead !m aft]w>ds on _!       
nor!rly c\rse 9 su* a way t  !y may pass

 naturally to ! ea/ & we/ ( ! res]voir4 
,if any  drive proce$$ 9 ! direction ( !
 l9e ( av5ue1 & at once  cross$ ! gr\nd 
propos$ to be occupi$ by ! lake1 !      
res]voir  w\ld inevitably become !      
t]m9al feature ( ! l[] "p ( !  p>k1 &   
?is w\ld be disagreeable4 ,! skat+ pond 
w (f] a  suffici5tly natural b>ri] to   
?is direct mode ( proce$+1 &  w furni% a
 reason = locat+ ! prom5ade 9 its       
propos$  position1 & also = t]m9at+ x   
:]e sugge/$2 & by c>ry+  a road along ! 
edge ( ! wat]1 an opportunity w be giv5 
to l5g!n out ! drive comm&+ ! pr9cipal  
views 9 ?is  vic9ity2 ! lake w also help
 to give a retir$ & agreeable  "* to !  
hill-side beyond1 :i* is well adapt$ =  
pic-nic  p>ties & pleasant /rolls4 ,ev5 
if ! res]voir did n occur 9  its pres5t 
position1 ! con=mation ( ! gr\nd is su* 
t !  roads w\ld naturally take1 to a    
consid]able ext5t1 ! direction          
indicat$1 leav+ ! c5tre ( ! p>k undivid$
 by a drive4    #ag ,,note1 #ahfh4--;,9 
execution1 ! l9es h be5 c>ri$ out z "h  

indicat$1 & z ! trees gr[ up ! old squ>e
 res]voir is less  & less ?\ght ( z an  
ob/ruction 9 ! composition4    ,!       
managem5t ( ! gr\nd betwe5 ! skat+ pond 
& ,vi/a  ,rock#ah appe>s to be indicat$ 
by its =m & ! "* (  its pres5t gr[?4 ,x 
is well %elt]$1 & l>ge masses ( rock    
occur at int]vals4 ,! soil is moi/1 &   
altoge!r rem>kably  well adapt$ to :at  
is call$ 9 ,europe an ,am]ican g>d51 t  
is1 a gr\nd = ! special cultivation (   
h>dy plants ( !  natural ord] ,ericaci1 
consi/+ ( rhodod5drons1 &rom$as1        
azaleas1 kalmias1 rhodoras1 c4#ai ,!    
pres5t gr[?1 consi/+ (  sweet-gum1      
spice-bu%1 tulip-tree1 sassafras1       
r$-maple1 black-oak1  azalea1 &rom$a1   
c41 is exce$+ly intricate & int]e/+4 ,! 
gr\nd is at pres5t too mu* encumb]$ )   
/one1 & ) v>i\s  indiff]5t plants4#bj   
,by cle>+ ^! away1 & c>efully leav+  :at
 is valuable2 by mak+ suitable pa?s1    
plant+ abundantly1 z  above sugge/$1 &  
introduc+ fa/igiate %rubs & ev]gre5s    
occasionally1 to prev5t a monotony (    

bu%es1 ! place may be made  v *>m+4 ,:]e
 ! hill-side approa*es ! lake1 suffici5t
  op5+s are propos$ to be left =        
occasional glimpses1 or m op5  views1 ( 
! wat]2 & glades ( f9e turf are int5d$  
to occur  at favorable int]vals1 s z to 
(f] pleasant spots = re/ &  recreation4 
#ah ,,note1 #ahfh4--,! gr\nd "h ref]r$  
to is n[ call$ 8,!  ,ramble40    #ai    
,,note1 #ahfh4--,?is sugge/ion has be5  
p>tially realiz$ b yet  rema9s to be    
fully develop$4    #bj ,,note1          
#ahfh4--,_m ( ^! :i* we h m>k$ =        
removal1 h  hi!rto1 = v>i\s reasons1 be5
 all[$ to rema94    ,sid5ote3           
,playgr\nd4    ,sid5ote3 ,w9t] drive4   
,sid5ote3 ,b]ceau walks4    ,sid5ote3   
,police /ation4    ,to ! ea/ & s\?-ea/ (
 ! pres5t res]voir1 ! g5]al  con=mation 
( ! surface cont9ues to be ( ! same     
easy1  undulat+ "* z t to ! ea/ ( !     
prom5ade1 & c  be treat$ 9 a simil>     
mann]4 ,! :ole space is int5d$ to be    
occupi$ ) /ret*es ( well-kept turf1 )   
f9e gr\ps &  s+le trees1 s plant$ t !y  

may appe> to advantage1 &  n cr[d ea*   
o!r4 ,t portion :i* is imm$iately ea/ ( 
! res]voir is set ap>t = "o ( !         
playgr\nds2#ba & 9  ! /rip ( l& betwe5 !
 ma9 drive & ! res]voir wall1 a  res]v$ 
g>d5 is provid$ =1 ) g>d5]'s h\se       
atta*$2  ?is w be ne$$ 9 connection ) ! 
fl[]-g>d5 already  describ$4 ,on ! we/  
side ( ! res]voir ! gr\nd is ( an       
irregul> "*1 :i* cont9ues pa/ ! old &   
new res]voirs  to ! upp] end ( ! site4  
,! spaces rema9+ = p>k use  w1 h[ev]1 be
 s mu* contract$ by ! res]voir walls &  
embankm5ts1 t ext5d$ l&scape effects are
 out ( ! "q4  ,x is int5d$1 !re=e1 z !  
soil & situation are adapt$ to  !       
purpose1 to arrange 9 ?is locality a    
w9t] drive ab\t a mile  & a half 9 l5g?1
 & to plant some:at ?ickly ) ev]gre5s1  
introduc+ decidu\s trees & %rubs        
occasionally1 to relieve !  monotony (  
effect t o!rwise might occur4 ,l>ge op5 
glades (  grass are introduc$ among ^!  
plantations ( ev]gre5s1 z !  effect aim$
 at is n s mu* t ( a drive ?r\gh a ?ick 

=e/1  cr[d$ ) tall sp9dl+ trees1 z ?r\gh
 a ri*ly wood$ c\ntry1  9 :i* ! s+le    
trees & copses h _h pl5ty ( space =     
develop+ _! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics to    
advantage4#bb  ,imm$iately s\? & we/ ( !
 pres5t res]voir1 t]races  h be5 already
 =m$1 & ^! c readily be conv]t$ into    
cont9u\s arbors1 or b]ceau walks4       
,access w ?us be provid$ to  all ! gates
 ( ! res]voir1 & ! wall w itself be     
plant$  out4 ,! effect ( ^! closely %ad$
 walks w also1 x is  conceiv$1 (f] an   
agreeable contra/ to ! views obta9able f
  ,vi/a ,rock1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity4#bc 
,9 ! nor!rn section (  ?is locality1 & 9
 connection ) "o ( ! transv]se roads1  w
 be f\nd ! h\se ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t1 ! (fice
 ( !  ,commission1 ! police /ation1 &   
o!r necess>y build+s1 su*  z /ables1 c4 
,! site is n f> f ! "o at pres5t occupi$
  by ! police1 & is ?\ght to be well    
suit$ = its purpose4 ,by  mak+ a private
 entrance along ! wall ( ! res]voir1 !  
:ole  e/abli%m5t c be imm$iately        
connect$1 by means ( ! transv]se  road1 

) ! city /reets1 & at ! same "t be      
c5tral &  elevat$ )\t be+ unpleasantly  
prom95t4 ,x is propos$1 z w  be se5 on !
 plan1 to make %ort connections f ! p>k 
roads to  ! transv]se ?or\ghf>e nor? ( !
 pres5t res]voir1 s z to  admit (       
visitors %ort5+ ! drive 9 ?is way if    
pref]r$4    #ba ,,note1 #ahfh4--,?is    
tract ( gr\nd is n[ recomm5d$ z !  site 
= ! =mal fl[]-g>d5 9 connection ) a gr\p
 (  ar*itectural /ructures t w include  
music-hall1 art gall]ies1  horticultural
 & o!r museums1 & refre%m5t rooms on a  
lib]al  scale2 ! int5tion ( all[+       
milit>y ex]cises on ! p>k hav+  be5     
ab&on$1 & ! ,gre5 s]v+ ! purpose ( !    
playgr\nd  above propos$4    #bb ,,note1
 #ahfh1--,^! plantations h be5 made z   
design$4    #bc ,,note1 #ahfh4--,! idea 
( ! b]ceau walk has be5 c>ri$ out 9     
execution on ! s\? side ( ! res]voir4   
,sid5ote3 ,res]voir ride4    ,! new     
res]voir1 ) its high banks1 w take up a 
great deal (  room 9 ! p>k1 & al?\gh x w
 (f] a l>ge %eet ( wat]  to ! view1 x w 

be at too high a level to become a      
l&scape  attraction f ! ord9>y drives & 
walks4 ,x is sugge/$1  !re=e1 t all r\nd
 x a ride %all be con/ruct$1 &  c>efully
 prep>$ = ?is purpose only2 & al?\gh ?is
 feature  may be some:at co/ly 9 ! fir/ 
in/ance1 x is conceiv$ t !  result w\ld 
be wor? ! outlay1 = ! sake ( its        
advantages z  a ride ov] a mile & a half
 9 l5g?1 comm&+ ! view ( !  res]voir1 & 
un9t]f]$ ) by ! regul> drives1 al?\gh 9 
connection ) !m at diff]5t po9ts4#bd    
#bd ,,note1 #ahfh4--;,9 execution !     
design ( ?is sep>ate bridle road  has   
be5 mu* amplifi$4    ,on ! ea/ ( ! new  
res]voir1 ! p>k is dim9i%$ to a m]e     
passage-way = connection1 & x w be      
difficult to obta9 an  agreeable effect 
9 ?is "p ( ! design1 unless "s          
ar*itectural  "* is giv5 to x4 ,x is n  
recomm5d$1 h[ev]1 to attempt  any su*   
effect imm$iately1 or out ( ! funds ( ! 
,commission1  b to accept ! high bank ( 
! res]voir z a b>ri] to ! we/1  = a few 
ye>s2 because x is ?\ght t z soon z ?is 

"p  ( ! city is built up to any         
consid]able ext5t1 x w n be  difficult  
to obta9 an enri*$ ar*itectural effect1 
appropriate to  ! purpose1 )\t exp5se to
 ! ,commission4 ,an arcade1 #ajj feet   
deep1 c\ld be sub/antially built1 & !   
drive c\ld be c>ri$  above ?is arcade on
 a level ) ! res]voir1 & ov]look+  ,fif?
 av5ue1 ! rema9d] ( ! gr\nd be+ fill$ 92
 & x is  ?\ght t z ?is arcade may be    
light$ f ! re>1 & w  face a fa%ionable  
?or\ghf>e1 x w (f]1 at no di/ant p]iod1 
v valuable lots = /ores1 or o!r         
purposes2 & z x is a ?ird  ( a mile 9   
ext5t1 x may be a s\rce ( rev5ue1 9 r5t1
 to !  p>k fund1 in/ead ( a burd5 on    
x4#be    #be ,,note1 #ahfh4--;,9        
execution ! simpl] plan above sugge/$ 0 
adopt$1 & ! arrangem5t w probably rema9 
intact = a numb]  ( ye>s4    ,sid5ote3  
,t[] on ,bog>dus ,hill4    ,!           
nor?-we/]ly portion ( ! p>k1 above ! new
 res]voir1 is  plann$ v simply1 9       
accordance ) :at we conceive to be !    
sugge/ion ( ! gr\nd4 ,! ev]gre5 drive is

 cont9u$ ne>ly to  ! foot ( ,bog>dus    
,hill1 & !n some:at *ang+ its "*1  turns
 to ! ea/4 ,at ?is po9t a bran* road    
crosses a brook1 t  is made to exp& into
 a pool a little bel[ ! bridge2 & ?is   
road  !n w9ds gradually to ! top ( !    
hill1 :i* (f]s an available  site = "s  
monum5t ( public importance1 t may also 
be us$  z an obs]vatory t[]4 ,if z is n 
improbable1 ! transatlantic  telegraph  
is br\ght to a favorable issue1 :ile !  
p>k is 9 an  e>ly /age ( con/ruction1 _m
 reasons c\ld1 we ?9k1 be urg$  =       
commemorat+ ! ev5t by "s su* monum5t z !
 "o sugge/$  on ! plan1 & 9 /udy ,no4   
#i4 ,! picturesque effect ( a spr+ (    
cle> wat]1 t already exi/s 9 ?is        
vic9ity1 may be height5$1  z sugge/$ 9  
/udy ,no4 #aj4    ,! c5tral portion ( ! 
upp] section ( ! p>k is left z op5  z   
possible1 & c be levell$ s f> z may be  
requir$ = !  purposes ( ! playgr\nds    
indicat$ on ! plan1 & on /udy ,no4  #g4 
,at pres5t1 x is h>dly ?\ght t x w\ld be
 necess>y to  make ! ,six? av5ue        

entrance to ! nor?2 b its position is   
indicat$4#bf    #bf ,,note1 #ahfh4--,!  
po/ponem5t ( op]ations 9 ?is qu>t] 0    
recomm5d$ because we f\nd t ! #ajf?     
/reet b\nd>y ( !  p>k requir$ a         
revision1 :i* c\ld n1 ) propriety be    
urg$  :5 ! competition plan 0 made4 ,!  
nor!rn limit ( ! p>k  01 subsequ5tly to 
! date ( ?is report1 ext5d$ f #ajf? to  
#aaj? /s41 & s mu* ( ! orig9al plan z   
appli$ to ! gr\nd  to ! nor?w>d ( t "h  
describ$1 0 aft]w>ds modifi$ 9  ord] to 
connect satisfactorily ) our design =   
lay+ out !  additional t]ritory :i* 0   
approv$ by ! commission 9 ,april1       
#ahfc4    ,! nor?-ea/ section ( ! upp]  
p>k is %[n z an arboretum  ( ,am]ican   
trees1 s t e "o :o wi%es to d s may     
become  acqua9t$ ) ! trees & %rubs t w  
fl\ri% 9 ! op5  air 9 ! nor!rn & middle 
sections ( our c\ntry4    ,sid5ote3 ,!  
,arboretum4    ,?is arboretum is n      
int5d$ to be =mally arrang$1 b to be s  
plann$ t x may pres5t all ! mo/         
beautiful features ( lawn  & wood-l&    

l&scape1 & at ! same "t pres]ve !       
natural  ord] ( families1 s f> z may be 
practicable4 ,! botanical /ud5t  w ?us  
be able to f9d any tree or %rub )\t     
difficulty4 ,we  h select$ ?is tract1 ( 
ab\t #dj acres1 9 ! upp] angle (  !     
site1 s z to int]f]e ) ! m special      
requirem5ts (  ! p>k z little z         
possible4 ,! spot *os5 is 9 "s measure  
sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! gr\nds1 by a ridge (
 l& betwe5  ,fif? & ,six? av5ues1 &     
includes ! build+s on ,m\nt ,/4  ,v9c5t4
 ,! wood5 /ructures w\ld be remov$1 & ! 
brick *apel  conv]t$ into a museum &    
libr>y ( botany1 simil> to t at ,kew1  b
 ) m specific reg>d to l&scape &        
decorative g>d5+4  ,9 ! p>k itself !re w
 be num]\s specim5s ( all ! trees1      
native or =eign1 t are likely to ?rive2 
b x is propos$  to limit ?is p>ticul>   
collection to ,am]ican trees1 because ! 
space necess>y = a complete arboretum   
w\ld occupy sev]al hundr$  acres1 & also
 because x w af=d an opportunity to %[ !
  great advantage t ,am]ica possesses 9 

?is respect4 ,no o!r  extra-tropical    
c\ntry c\ld furni% "o qu>t] ! mat]ial = 
su*  a collection4 ,9 ! :ole ( ,great   
,brita91 = example1 !re are  less ?an   
tw5ty trees1 native to ! isl&1 t gr[ to 
be ov] #cj  feet 9 height2 :ile 9       
,am]ica we h f five to six times t      
numb]4 ,!re are1 inde$1 already ov] =ty 
species ( ! l>ge/  native trees /&+ 9 ! 
p>k1 :i* is ne>ly equival5t to !  numb] 
to be f\nd 9 all ,europe4    ,x is      
propos$ to plant f "o to ?ree examples (
 ea* species  ( tree on op5 lawn1 & )   
suffici5t space ab\t ea* to all[  x to  
atta9 its fulle/ size ) unre/rict$      
expanse ( bran*es2  ! effect ( ea* tree 
is also to be exhibit$ 9 masses1 s z to 
illu/rate its qualities = gr\p+4 ,space 
is provid$ to admit (  at lea/ ?ree     
specim5s ( e native :i* is kn[n to      
fl\ri% 9  ! ,unit$ ,/ates nor? ( ,nor?  
,c>ol9a2 also = sev]al specim5s  ( e    
%rub2 ^! latt]1 h[ev]1 except 9 p>ticul>
 in/ances1  are n expect$ to be plant$  
s+ly1 b 9 ?ickets1 & z  und]wood to !   

coppice masses2 z may be/ accord ) _!   
natural  habits1 & be mo/ agreeable to !
 eye4 ,fur!r details ( ?is "p  ( !      
design w be f\nd 9 ! explanatory guide  
to ! arboretum1  submitt$ ) ! plan1 9   
:i* ! propos$ arrangem5t ( all !  trees 
is set =? 9 ord]4           99       99 
99       99       99    ,! lead+        
features ( ! plan h n[1 x is ?\ght1 be5 
ref]r$ to4 ,x has n be5 consid]$        
necess>y to especially  p>ticul>ize !   
diff]5t trees propos$ to be us$ 9 !     
v>i\s  p>ts ( ! p>k4 ,= ! purposes ( !  
av5ue1 ! ,am]ican elm  naturally sugge/s
 itself at once z ! tree to be us$2 & x 
is to  be hop$ t ! f9e effect ?is       
produces1 :5 plant$ 9 regul>  l9es1 may 
9 a few ye>s be realiz$ 9 ! ,c5tral     
,p>k4    ,!re is no o!r "p ( ! plan 9   
:i* ! plant+ calls =  p>ticul> m5tion1  
except to ! s\? ( ! skat+ pond2 an      
opportunity is !re (f]$ = an exhibition 
( semi-tropical trees1  & x is int5d$ to
 treat t portion ( ! p>k 9 ! mann]      
sugge/$ 9 ! /udy4 ,a li/ ( ! trees to be

 us$ is app5d$ to  ! explanation ( !    
arboretum4    ,! plan does n %[ any     
brooks1 except a small "o 9 connection  
) ! pool at ! foot ( ,bog>dus ,hill1 :i*
 c always be kept  full by ! wa/e ( wat]
 f ! ,new ,res]voir4 ,m]e rivulets are  
un9t]e/+1 & we h pref]r$ to collect !   
ornam5tal wat]  9 l>ge %eets1 & to c>ry 
(f ?r\gh und]gr\nd dra9s !  wat] t at   
pres5t runs ?r\gh ! p>k 9 %all[ brooks4 
,z a g5]al rule1 we propose to run      
footpa?s close to ! c>riage  roads1 :i* 
are int5d$ to be #fj feet wide1 all[+ a 
space ( f\r  feet ( turf z a b>ri]      
betwe5 ! drive & ! pa?4 ,o!r m  private 
footpa?s are introduc$1 b x is h>dly    
?\ght t any  plan w\ld be popul> 9 ,new 
,york1 t did n all[ ( a cont9u\s        
prom5ade along ! l9e ( ! drives1 s t    
p$e/rians may h  ample opportunity to   
look at ! equipages & _! inmates4    ,x 
w be p]ceiv$ t no long /raight drive has
 be5 provid$ on  ! plan2 ?is feature has
 be5 /udi\sly avoid$1 because x w\ld    
(f] opportunities = trott+ mat*es4 ,!   

popul> idea ( ! p>k  is a beautiful op5 
space1 9 :i* quiet drives1 rides1 &     
/rolls  may be _h4 ,?is _c be pres]v$ if
 a race-c\rse1 or a road t  c readily be
 us$ z a race-c\rse1 is made "o ( its   
lead+  attractions4    ,illu/ration3    
,,fir/ ,,/udy ,,( ,,design ,,= ,,!      
,,c5tral ,,p>k4    ,f a ,wood-cut made 9
 #aheh4    ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,,!  
,,c5tral ,,p>k1 #ahfh4                  
,,transcrib]',s ,,note      ,obvi\s     
typographical errors & punctuation      
errors h be5    correct$ aft] c>eful    
comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 !    text 
& consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4        
,"s hyph5s 9 words h be5 sil5tly remov$1
 "s add$1 :5 a    pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0  
f\nd 9 ! orig9al book4      ,except = ^?
 *anges not$ bel[1 misspell+s 9 ! text1 
&    inconsi/5t or ar*aic usage1 h be5  
reta9$4      ,pg #bb3 8*>>act]0 replac$ 
by 8"*04