,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,"s m9or *anges to ! text are not$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,,batiks1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m ,illu/ration3 ,,*9ese ,,scre5 ,,panel ,,by ,,piet] ,,mij] ,,& ,,emile ,,weeck]s ,,batiks1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m ,,by ,,piet] ,,mij] ,,) ,,illu/rations ,f ,photographs by ,g4 ,w4 ,h>t+ ,illu/ration3 7signet7 ,,new ,,york ,,dodd1 ,,mead ,,& ,,company #aiba ,,copyright1 #aiai ,,by ,,dodd1 ,,mead ,,& ,,company1 ,,inc4 ,fir/ edition pr9t$ ,june1 #aiai ,second edition pr9t$ ,augu/1 #aiai ,?ird edition pr9t$ ,decemb]1 #aiai ,f\r? edition pr9t$ ,septemb]1 #aibj ,,=eword ,9 writ+ ! foll[+ pages on 8,batiks1 & h[ !y are made0 ,i _h a d\ble purpose 9 view4 ,fir/1 to make ?is anci5t art m kn[n to ! public 9 g5]al & to ! _m textile craftwork]s 9 p>ticul>2 secondly1 to try to give "s practical advice :i* w make = ! bett] execution ( ! "w4 ,batik is n s crude a me?od ( decorat+ mat]ial z _m p h ?\ght x to be4 ,x is n a matt] ( sme>+ "s wax on a piece ( mat]ial ) any old bru%1 dipp+ x haphaz>d into any k9d ( dye1 leav+ x to ! gods to decide :at col\r x is go+ to be1 & f9ally try+ to sell x z a high-pric$ "w ( art4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is a craft :i* requires q a good deal ( skill & k ( design1 z well z a good idea ( col\r4 ,! batik art has be5 mu* abus$ & x may be ( int]e/ to _m to "k some?+ ( its hi/ory1 to read ! description ( ! process z practis$ by ! natives ( ,java1 ! me?od us$ 9 ,holl&1 & ! means n[ employ$ by "s craftsm5 & wom5 9 ,am]ica4 ,too mu* /ress _c be laid on ! fact t x is1 z a rule1 ! small details t _m p l to ov]look because !y seem ( comp>atively little importance1 t br+ out ! *>m & beauty ( a real batik4 ,batik is n difficult1 ! *ief requirem5ts are c>e & "t1 & ! be/ results are always gott5 by giv+ "t to ! "w & n try+ to d x 9 a ru%4 ,z ) any o!r art or craft1 "o ne$s to /udy ! m$ium be=e us+ x & ano!r fact t has only be5 too (t5 =gott51 is1 t batik has design & k ( col\r z its f\ndation & ,i w\ld l to advise read]s :o h n /udi$ ^! ess5tials1 to leave batik alone until !y h acquir$ "s und]/&+ ( !m4 ,mo/ ( ! h9ts giv5 "h are ! outcome ( ! _m ye>s t ,i h sp5t mak+ batiks4 ,hav+ se5 x done 9 ,java z well z 9 ,holl&1 ,i h _h an opportunity to comp>e ! diff]5t ways ( work+1 & by exp]im5t+1 h f\nd _m little helpful ?+s :i* ,i gladly %>e ) pres5t & future work]s4 ,9 ! la/ few ye>s1 batik has advanc$ 9 ?is c\ntry ) rapid /rides & ,i am sure t a good deal ( ?is is ! result ( ! int]e/ :i* manufactur]s1 especially ^? 9 ! silk indu/ry1 h tak5 9 its developm5t4 ,batik "w1 h[ev]1 is n a manufactur+ process4 ,! mom5t we try to comm]cialize x1 t is1 to make ! same design 9 quantities1 ! quality decreases2 a great deal ( ! beauty ( a batik lies 9 ! p]sonal t\* ( ! arti/ or craftsman :o makes x1 & we may safely say t nei!r ( !m is able to d ma*9e "w & produce a practically unlimit$ quantity 9 a %ort "t4 ,x c]ta9ly is a pity t "s manufactur]s h already tri$ to comm]cialize x by means ( us+ untra9$ boys & girls to execute 9 quantities ! designs ( o!rs4 ,:5 "o sees ! result ( ^! ef=ts1 "o is incl9$ to ask1 8,is x a good idea to spread ! k ( batik80 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! buy+ public kn[s m ab\t ! "w ?an x does n[1 if !y "k ! "t & ! c>e x takes to make a good batik1 !n ,i am sure t _! desire = good batik w increase & ! manufactur$ product soon w be :]e ! o!r manufactur$ arts h gone4 ,be=e go+ on to ! description ( batik1 ,i %\ld l to say a ^w ( ?anks to ,olive ,e>le1 = valuable help4 ,also to 8,h\se & ,g>d50 & 8,elsevi]'s ,geill3 ,ma&s*rift0 = _! k9dness 9 l5d+ me "s ( ! photographs us$4 ,,piet] ,,mij]4 ,new ,york1 ,april1 #aiai4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,batik ,,9 ,,java #a ,,batik ,,9 ,,holl& #bd ,,ut5sils ,,& ,,mat]ials #cb ,,tjant+s #dd ,,! ,,batik ,,process #ej ,,successful ,,dye+ #ei ,,! ,,value ,,( ,a ,,dye ,,record #gg ,,illu/rations ,*9ese ,scre5 ,panel by ,piet] ,mij] & ,emile ,weeck]s ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,javanese ,ka9 ,kapala #b ,enl>g$ ,detail ( ,native ,s>ong #d ,native ,design ,%[+ ,european ,influ5ce #ad ,pure ,native ,design ,adapt$ = ,european ,use #ad ,conv5tional ,fi% ,design by ,*ris ,lebeau #bf ,geometrical ,fi% ,design by ,*ris ,lebeau #bh ,/ork ,panel by ,*ris ,lebeau #cj ,flam+o ,curta9 by ,piet] ,mij] #cj ,! ,use ( ,batik 9 ,int]ior ,decoration #cb ,dye+ ( ,textile #cd ,clean+ ! ,tjant+ #cd ,floral ,design ,entirely ,execut$ ) a ,bru% #cf ,v>i\s ,types ( ,tjant+s #df ,sc>f ,batik$ by ,hazel ,burnham ,slaught] #ej ,! ,"r ,way to ,hold ! ,tjant+ #ed ,! ,use ( ! ,bru% = ,fill+ ,spaces #ed ,tank = ,sep>at+ ,wax f ,gasol9e #eh 8,spr+0 by ,c4 ,b]tram ,h>tman & ,piet] ,mij] #fd ,by foll[+ ! arr[s 9 ! above *>t x w easily be se5 :i* col\rs %\ld be mix$ toge!r 9 ord] to produce a giv5 col\r & ! v>i\s l5g?s ( ! connect+ l9es indicate ab\t ! proportion 9 :i* ! dyes %\ld be us$ #fh ,successive ,/ages 9 ! ,mak+ ( a ,batik #gd ,successive ,/ages 9 ! ,mak+ ( a ,batik #gf ,! ,use ( ,batik = ,co/ume #gh ,sorc]ess by ,ar?ur ,crisp & ,piet] ,mij] #hj ,,batiks1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m ,,batiks1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m ,,batik ,,9 ,,java ,inve/igation %[s t !re nev] 0 a "t :5 ! art ( batik did n fl\ri% 9 ,java4 ,! robes ( idols wor%ipp$ 9 prehi/oric days 7 decorat$ v mu* 9 ! same way z ^? ( today1 & app>5tly ! mod]n native me?od ( do+ ! "w diff]s little f t employ$ s _m hundr$s ( ye>s ago4 ,! lit]al translation f a ,javanese pap] on ! batik art1 :i* concludes ?is *apt]1 %[s some?+ ( ! confus+ly elaborate process us$ 9 ! ,ea/1 :ile ! description ( ! mod]n ,am]ican way ( work+ expla9s h[ comp>atively simply1 effective & beautiful results c be obta9$4 ,sid5ote3 ,,diff]5ce ,,9 ,,me?ods ,! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 ! occid5tal & ! native way ( batik+ is1 t ! occid5tal />ts 8 dye+ ) ! lighte/ col\r & dyes 8 tones ov] ea* o!r1 :il/ ! native dips 8 fabric 9 ! d>ke/ col\r fir/ & removes ! wax ea* "t t he ne$s a light] %ade & he only uses dyes t set by oxidation4 ,( c\rse _! batiks h to /& v mu* r\gh] treatm5t ?an ! textiles decorat$ "h & to make ! dyes /& ! t]rific gl>e ( ! sun1 ! innum]able wa%+s1 & ! regul> dips tak5 by _! we>]s :o are trem5d\sly fond ( ba?+1 x is necess>y = !m to take e precaution to produce fa/ col\rs4 ,_! me?ods may seem complicat$1 b x w\ld n be amiss if ,am]ican batik]s 7 to use a little m ( ! pati5ce & craft t ! native ex]cises1 in/ead ( et]nally seek+ %ort cuts to sup]ficially beautiful effects4 ,batiks are *iefly us$ 9 ,java = we>+ app>el & z a rule are made ( calico :i* is import$ f ,holl& & ,engl&1 al?\gh homespun cotton is occasionally f\nd & 0 us$1 ( c\rse1 be=e trad+ ) ,europe develop$ almo/ 8,mail ,ord]0 facilities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,javanese ,,ka9 ,,kapala ,sid5ote3 ,,javanese ,,co/ume ,sid5ote3 ,,ka9s ,! co/ume is simil> = m5 & wom5 & consi/s ( ! 8s>ong10 ! 8sl5dang0 & ! 8s>ong kapala40 ,!re are two types ( s>ong or lo9-clo? worn1 :i* are kn[n z ! 8ka9 p&jang0 & ! 8ka9 kapala02 ! =m] is decorat$ ) an all-ov] patt]n & is us$ = 8e-day0 we>1 :il/ ! 8ka9 kapala0 is a m exp5sive =m1 :i* besides ! all-ov] patt]n1 has at "o end1 f selv$ge to selv$ge1 an elaborate design4 ,!re is no intricacy ( cutt+ 9 a s>ong z x consi/s m]ely ( a piece ( mat]ial f ?ree to f\r-&-a-half y>ds long & ab\t =ty-two in*es wide4 ,! mat]ial us$ = ?is g>m5t is almo/ always cotton ( v>y+ grades4 ,! ,javanese s>ong fac+ page #b is made 9 f\r col\rs1 ! cream col\r ( ! orig9al mat]ial1 a bright indigo blue1 r$1 & purple :i* is ! comb9ation ( ! r$ & blue4 ,! ma9 "p ( ! s>ong is decorat$ ) a fl[] & bird all-ov] design1 ! gr\nd be+ ! cream col\r ( ! mat]ial1 :ile ! r$ dom9ates 9 ! fl[]s & birds4 ,! wide bord] has a r$ backgr\nd ) a cream floral decoration1 & ! n>r[ bord] has a blue backgr\nd ) an ornam5tal design 9 cream & r$4 ,! kapala ( ?is s>ong is 9 r$1 ) a scatt]$ floral decoration & fill$ 9 ) a *>act]i/ic ,javanese fill+-9 patt]n4 ,! purple notes are scatt]$ ?r\gh ! design4 ,fac+ page #d is %[n an enl>g$ detail ( ?is design4 ,sid5ote3 ,,sl5dang ,! 8sl5dang0 is no m complicat$ z to %ape & ! decoration is ei!r 9 ! =m ( an all-ov] design1 or x has a pla9 c5tre ) a decorative bord]4 ,x is usually ab\t ?ree y>ds long & eighte5 in*es wide1 & x is worn by ! wom5 :o ?r[ x ov] _! heads1 sc>f-wise1 b its use is m g5]al z a 8c>ry-all0 = babies & o!r p]sonal effects4 ,sid5ote3 ,,head-,,dress ,! 8s>ong kapala0 is a squ>e piece ( mat]ial worn *iefly by ! m5 & is w\nd ar\nd ! head 9 a k9d ( turban %ape4 ,aft] x has be5 fold$ on ! head to ! satisfaction ( ! we>]1 x is tak5 (f v c>efully & />*$ on ! inside4 ,illu/ration3 ,,enl>g$ ,,detail ,,( ,,native ,,s>ong ,! wom5 sometimes add an upp] g>m5t1 call$ a 8kemban02 ?is is j a long /raight /rip :i* is w\nd tightly r\nd ! body4 ,! %\ld]s & arms are left b>e1 = !y are great work]s & d n all[ _! movem5ts to be hamp]$ by an undue am\nt ( clo?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,,javanese ,,design ,! design+ & wax+ ( batiks is done l>gely by ! wom5 :il/ ! m5 usually take c>e ( ! dye+ "p ( ! process4 ,! designs1 :il/ app>5tly orig9at+ ) ea* individual work] are f\nd$ z a rule on :at "o might call /&>d designs2 ^! h be5 us$ = g5]ations1 al?\gh 9 c\rse ( "t !y h *ang$ 9 "* some:at4 ,9 mo/ cases1 any "o famili> ) ^! ,javanese classics c trace ! mod]n designs to _! s\rce & w recognize 9 pres5t-day int]pretations1 figures well-kn[n 9 native folk-lore4 ,o!r designs h significance 9 t !y designate rank or social pre/ige4 ,"s hundr$ ( ^! patt]ns h regul> names1 su* z 8batik p>ang rusa0 & 8batik sawat02 ^! two are res]v$ = ! exclusive use ( royalty1 & _m designs are e/eem$ z mu* = _! social rank+ z = _! arti/ic m]it4 ,decorat$ silk is occasionally worn by ! native ari/ocracy2 x is n 9 g5]al use1 h[ev]1 & is always made 9 ! =m ( a 8sl5dang0 & worn z a sc>f4 ,! col\rs f\nd 9 a batik c be int]pret$ to d5ote ! "p ( ,java 9 :i* x 0 made4 ,^? f ,djocdja & ,solo are execut$ 9 ri* tans1 beautiful gold5 br[ns & deep indigo blue1 :i* col\rs are us$ on ! royal batiks2 ! "w f ^! di/ricts is sombre 9 tone b v ri* 9 design4 ,pekalongan batiks are usually 9 :ite & diff]5t %ades ( blue1 or r cream & blue1 = ! native treats 8 fabric ) oil be=e />t+ to "w & ?is gives a ri* creamy tone to ! :ite4 ,dead :ite itself is nev] us$ z x is lit]ally associat$ ) ! dead1 be+ ! col\r ( grave clo?s & always signify+ dea?4 ,v>iety ( col\r+ 9 a batik w mean z a rule t ! piece _h its orig9 9 ! di/rict ( ,sam>ang4 ,! prices ( ! g>m5ts ( c\rse v>y accord+ to ! am\nt ( "w on ! piece4 8,ka9s0 c be b\ght z *eaply z a doll> ea* & sometimes z mu* z #be4jj is paid2 h[ev]1 a batik co/+ z mu* is r>e1 & is usually "o made to special ord]4 ,ab\t two to two & a half doll>s is ! av]age price "o w\ld h to pay = a g>m5t 9 ,java4 ,sid5ote3 ,,tjaps ,besides ! batik done entirely by h&1 ! native produces a decorat$ mat]ial kn[n z 8tjap40 ,?is me?od c be/ be comp>$ to block pr9t+1 ! wax be+ pr9t$ on to ! mat]ial in/ead ( be+ appli$ ) a tjant+4 ,in/ead ( ! wood5 block associat$ ) block pr9t+1 ! native uses a sort ( die made ( wood1 on :i* ! design is made by ! ins]tion1 edgewise1 ( ?9 /rips ( brass or r$ copp]2 9 "s cases ! :ole die is made ( ! r$ copp]4 ,^! 8tjaps0 are rem9isc5t ( ! "w done 9 ,madras :]e a simil> process has be5 employ$ s9ce ! #ae? c5tury1 = ! direct application ( ! dyes4 ,"s 8tjaps0 are done entirely by pr9t+ ) blocks1 :ile o!rs are p>tly h&-"w4 ,! dies are us$ z "t sav]s :5 mak+ bord]s or patt]ns ) a regul> repeat4 ,! native arti/s consid] ^! sub/itutes1 :i* are sold to ! poor] classes = daily we>1 v inf]ior to real batik & no ,javanese ( any /&+ w\ld dream ( 8l[]+ himself0 by we>+ "o4 ,at ! pres5t "t n _m die-mak]s are f\nd1 z !re is only a comp>atively small m>ket = ! "w4 ,a die is s solidly con/ruct$ & la/s s long1 t once made1 !re is seldom a re-ord] ( ! same design4 ,! price ( dies v>ies accord+ to ! size & elaborat5ess ( ! design1 rang+ f ab\t #be c5ts1 ,am]ican money1 to z high z #bd4jj4 ,9 ,sam>ang !re are /ill a few m5 :o trade 9 ^! tjaps1 :il/ 9 ,so]abaja !re is only "o man kn[n :o is able to make !m4 ,! copp] us$ 9 ! mak+ ( tjaps comes 9 ?ree diff]5t weights2 ! lighte/ is us$ = ! mak+ ( f9e outl9es1 ! second weight = ! heavi] l9es1 :il/ ! ?ird & heavie/ weight is us$ = ! frame "w4 ,l ! tjant+1 ! tjap is con/ruct$ 9 ?ree p>ts2 fir/1 ! body ( ! in/rum5t :i* is compos$ ( ! v>i\sly b5t /rips ( copp] :i* make ! design1 !n ! frame-"w :i* holds ^! /rips toge!r & la/ly ! metal h&le4 ,! tjap has to replace ! "w done ) ! tjant+1 !re=e ! object ( ! tjap-mak] is to replace all tjant+ l9es ) /rips ( copp] ( v>y+ sizes1 :i*1 :5 pr9t$1 w give ! effect ( p]fect tjant+ "w4 ,to t end1 ! /rips ( copp] h to be curv$ & b5t1 & are set 9 a v]tical position1 t is1 ) ! edges upp]mo/2 ?is ( c\rse is v delicate "w :i* requires good craftsman%ip & mu* pati5ce4 ,9 mak+ ! tjaps1 ! copp] plates ( diff]5t ?icknesses are fir/ cut into /rips1 ea* /rip ( ! same wid?4 ,! design = ! tjap is made on pap]1 & ! copp] /rips are b5t 9 ! v>i\s %apes z indicat$ 9 ?is design4 ,"h is :]e ! good craftsman%ip is ess5tial z x is no easy matt] to reproduce f9e curv$ l9es ) ! /rips1 especially 9 ! case ( fl[]$ designs z no %>p angles may be %[n 9 ! b5d+ ( ! copp]4 ,!n ! :ole design is sold]$ toge!r1 & fix$ by ! same process on to ! frame to :i* ! h&le is atta*$4 ,?is does n1 h[ev]1 complete ! die-mak]'s "w1 = z 9 batik "w ) ! tjant+ :]e ! mat]ial is wax$ on bo? sides1 s ) ! tjap does ! fabric h to be pr9t$ on ! rev]se side z well4 ,?us1 ! die-mak] has to make a second tjap 9 :i* ! design is ! exact rev]se ( ! fir/ "o4 ,x takes a die-mak] ab\t tw5ty days to make a complete set1 t is two correspond+ tjaps1 ea* ab\t eight by eight in*es squ>e1 = :i* he gets ab\t #h4jj4 ,out ( ?is ( c\rse he has to pay = 8 mat]ials4 ,:5 ! tjaps are f9i%$ & f\nd correct1 t is1 :5 e little l9e on "o die is f\nd to correspond exactly ) ! same l9e on ! rev]se block1 !n x is ! bus9ess ( ! pr9t] to pr9t ! tjaps s t no diff]5ce is %[n 9 ! design4 ,! mak+ ( a pair ( tjaps is only necess>y :5 an irregul> design is to be produc$1 z 9 ! case ( a symmetrical patt]n ! same die c be us$ on bo? sides4 ,= ! reproduction ( a n v elaborate tjant+ design1 a set ( ?irte5 to fifte5 tjaps is requir$2 ?is means ) ! rev]se set at lea/ tw5ty-six to ?irty sep>ate dies4 ,! orig9al outlay = ! mak+ ( a tjap may be great1 b if ! am\nt ( "w t c be done ) "o set is consid]$1 x c be se5 at once t ! prices ( pieces done by ?is process w be v l[4 ,! pr9t+ ( tjaps is practically always done by m54 ,! workman sits on a l[ /ool1 & 9 front ( him is a slant+ table to :i* a l>ge pad is atta*$2 ov] ?is ! piece t is to be pr9t$ is spread4 ,! wax is heat$ 9 a flat pan1 9 :i* !re is a pad ( jute1 cov]$ ) unblea*$ musl94 ,! wax is transf]r$ to ! metal by press+ ! tjap on to ?is pad4 ,to remove ! surplus wax f ! tjap ! pr9t] sw+s ! die up & d[n a c\ple ( times & !n presses ! tjap on to ! mat]ial 9 ! place :]e ! decoration is desir$4 ,aft] cov]+ "o side ( ! mat]ial 9 ?is mann]1 ! same process is repeat$ on ! o!r side4 ,z ! wax %9es ?r\gh ! fabric1 x is n a difficult matt] = ! pr9t] to place 8 die 9 ! exact position1 s t x w regi/] correctly1 b nev]!less1 !re w be v few pieces made 9 ?is way f\nd )\t a slight inaccuracy 9 ! design4 ,al?\gh all ! actual l9e "w 9 a tjap is done by ! use ( dies1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( ! "w1 su* z fill+ 9 spaces & big surfaces1 has to be done by h& ) ! tjant+4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 am\nts to a v small proportion ( ! "w :5 comp>$ ) ! am\nt ( lab\r requir$ 9 ! mak+ ( a real batik4 ,a good pr9t] c pr9t ab\t tw5ty pieces ( mat]ial1 s>ong l5g?1 a day1 :ile x w\ld take twelve to fifte5 days to produce "o piece ( a simil> design1 ) a tjant+4 ,! ,european pr9t$ imitations ( batik meet ) v little fav\r among ! native ,javanese1 :o are v critical ( art & craftsman%ip & ! importations only f9d a m>ket among ! poor4 ,sid5ote3 ,,native ,,indu/ry ,= ! mo/ "p1 batik is a home occupation ( ! native1 b "s di/ricts h become q manufactur+ c5tres4 ,! indu/ry is *iefly "u ! managem5t ( ! ,*9ese ) ! natives z _! workm54 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,lassem1 :]e a great deal ( batik "w is done1 ! ,*9ese employ]s give ! "w out to ! natives1 :o d x 9 _! homes4 ,fifty to a hundr$ ka9s w be giv5 out to "o man1 :o w h !m wax$ & !y w !n be fet*$ by ano!r work] :o w d ! dye+4 ,?is "w w br+ 9 to ! native1 on an av]age1 ! lordly sum ( two & a half c5ts 7,am]ican money7 a day1 & x is e/imat$ t 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,lassem alone1 !re are "s #dcjj p subsi/+ on ?is munific5t sal>y4 ,at t1 ?is gr\p ( work]s are r bett] (f ?an ! wom5 :o are employ$ directly by ! ,*9ese = ! f9] batik "w4 ,l>ge numb]s ( !m b9d !mselves to "w = ?ree ye>s1 at ! beg9n+ ( :i* p]iod !y are giv5 ?irty gild]s1 equival5t to ab\t #ab4jj2 !y are giv5 bo>d & lodg+ & once a ye> a new outfit1 b !y receive no m pay4 ,_m ( !m "w l ?is = ye>s 9 succession & f "t to "t !y borr[ small sums ( money f _! employ]s :i* !y _c pay back1 ) ! result t !y are nev] out ( debt & are consequ5tly1 to all int5ts & purposes1 practically own$ by _! exploit]s4 ,au!ntic figures give #bajj natives work+ "u ^! conditions 9 ,lassem4 ,!re are a few e/abli%m5ts run by ! ,dut* 9 ,java1 :o1 besides produc+ pure native designs1 h us$ native adaptations ( ,european designs ) spl5did results4 ,illu/ration3 ,,native ,,design ,,%[+ ,,european ,,influ5ce ,illu/ration3 ,,pure ,,native ,,design ,,adapt$ ,,= ,,european ,,use ,a comb9ation ( ,javanese & ,european influ5ces is %[n 9 ! illu/ration fac+ page #ad4 ,?is pill[-top1 batik$ by a ,dut* arti/1 has native motives1 arrang$ 9 a symmetrical design4 ,z a batik1 x is ab\t ! f9e/ piece ! writ] has be5 able to f9d1 z !re is no flaw 9 ! execution4 ,! /iff geometrical patt]n1 h[ev]1 does n give q su* a pleas+ effect z ! fre] ,javanese design4 ,a sample ( ?is is %[n fac+ page #ad :i* is pure ,javanese decoration4 ,x %[s ! arrangem5t ( a bird & "s octopuses & 0 us$ = a small pill[-top2 ! arti/ has be5 left free 9 ?is design1 n be+ ti$ d[n to a geometrical repeat1 & ! result arti/ically is f> sup]ior to ! previ\s design4 ,9 ! ev5t ( "s en?usia/ wi%+ to batik 9 ! actual native mann]1 he c d s by foll[+ ! process z describ$ by a native & translat$ "h ^w = ^w3-- ,sid5ote3 ,,native ,,process 8,batik is ! art ( dye+ fabric 9 "o piece 9 diff]5t dyes consecutively1 ?r\gh ! comb9ation ( :i* ! patt]n ( ! design is produc$4 ,! mat]ials us$ 9 ?is process are cotton & v occasionally silk1 wax1 wax mix$ ) ros9 & dyes4 ,! dyes usually are vegetable al?\gh anil9e is us$1 b r>ely4 8,! fir/ ( ^! batik requirem5ts ! native buys at ! ,pas> 7m>ket71 ! dyes !y make !mselves & 9 ! case ( ! blue dye x is z a rule ! prop]ty ( a pr(essional dy]1 :o is call$ ! #8toekang m$el4' 8,! cotton us$ n[ by batik]s is always ( ,european manufacture & is grad$ accord+ to ! f95ess ( ! texture4 ,! diff]5t qualities are kn[n sev]ally z1 #8mori moeslim' or f9e-weave cotton1 #8mori m5tah' or unblea*$ cotton1 & #8mori kas>' or co>se-weave cotton4 ,! second grade is subdivid$ into #8mori m5tah aloes' :i* is ! f9e grade ( ! unblea*$ cotton & #8mori m5tah kas>' or co>se unblea*$4 ,?is la/ k9d is only us$ by ! native ari/ocracy = ! clo?+ ( ! memb]s ( _! h\sehold2 !y !mselves we> batik ( #8mori moeslim' or #8mori m5tah aloes4' 8,! measure us$ :5 cotton is b\ght at ! #8,pas>' is call$ #8katja' or #8saptangnan' & x is a squ>e measure1 t is to say1 if1 = in/ance1 ! clo? is a y>d wide !n ! measure or #8katja' is a y>d squ>e & if ! wid? is a y>d & a half1 ! #8katja' is a y>d & a half4 8,! cotton z x comes f ! m>ket is n imm$iately ready to be batik$4 ,if x is a blea*$ cotton x has to be treat$ = ! removal ( all ! />*1 *alk & o!r /iff5+ ) :i* x is dress$4 ,?is is done by wa%+ x sev]al times 9 cle> cold wat]4 ,x is !n soak$ = sev]al days 9 cocoanut oil2 ?is 9 its turn is boil$ out 9 wat] conta9+ ! a%es ( burnt rice /alks2 ?is process is cont9u$ till ! fabric is free f oil4 ,?is soak+ & boil+ is always done1 :e!r ! mat]ial is blea*$ or unblea*$1 & is call$ #8mat5g' :i* lit]ally translat$ means #8done' or cook$ ?or\ghly4 8,aft] ! piece is dri$ 9 ! sun1 ! cut edges are hemm$--#8didjilid4' ,n[ ! mat]ial has to be />*$ aga91 #8njekoeli'2 ?is /iff5+ is to prev5t ! wax f fl[+ too freely1--a condition kn[n z #8mresep4' ,! rice wat] t is us$ = ?is1 is made f a /ra9$ rice gruel1 or m simply1 ! wat] is us$ 9 :i* ! rice has be5 boil$4 ,aft] ! mat]ial has be5 />*$ x is #8dipe' or dri$ once m 9 ! sun & x is !n roll$ up4 ,?is roll is laid on a wood5 bo>d1 #8kemplomg5' & p\nd$ ) a wood5 hamm]1 #8g&5g1' or if a hamm] is n available1 ! wood5 rice pe/le1 #8aloe' c be us$4 ,?is process is call$ #8nganplongi' & is to make ! mat]ial s(t & supple4 ,n[ ! mat]ial is ready to be batik$1 & ! foll[+ mat]ials & tools are ne$$4 8#a4 ,wax4 ,usually six p>ts ( #8melam geplak' & "o "p #8melam poetih' are us$1 ) sometimes ! addition ( a little #8melam ir5g4' ,! #8melam geplak' consi/s ( a mixture ( #8dam> mata koetj+' :i* is a k9d ( ros9 t comes f ,borneo1 melt$ ) animal fat4 ,! #8melam poetih' is pure bees-wax & ! #8melam ir5g' is d>k col\r$ wax :i* has be5 us$ already 9 a previ\s batik & :i* has become d>k f ! blue dye :i* x took up :5 9 ! blue dye-ba?4 ,! fir/ two k9ds ( wax c be b\ght at any m>ket1 b n ! #8melam ir5g1' z e "o :o batiks always saves en\gh d>k wax f =m] "w1 or 9 case ( ne$1 a neighb\r w always l5d "s4 8#b4 ,a pan call$ #8wadjan' 9 :i* to melt ! wax4 ,?is is g5]ally ( iron1 ?\gh poor p use /one pots4 ,sid5ote3 ,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,tjant+s ,sid5ote3 ,,price ,,( ,,native ,,tjant+ 8#c4 ,a little copp] in/rum5t call$ #8tjant+' us$ 9 draw+ ) ! wax on ! mat]ial4 ,x is made ( f9e ?9 r$ copp] & has "o or m little sp\ts & a bamboo h&le4 ,^! tjant+ h diff]5t names accord+ to ! type ( "w = :i* !y are us$1 7a7 ,tjant+ #8is5 is5'2 ?is has a v sl5d] sp\t & is us$ to make v f9e l9es & little dots1 7b7 ,tjant+ #8kj&ang5'3 ?is in/rum5t has a l>g] sp\t & is us$ to wax ! p>ts :i* h to /ay :ite 9 ! fir/ process1 7c7 ,tjant+ #8p5angang'2 ?is is ! tjant+ us$ to cov] up ! bigg] surfaces1 7d7 ,! #8p5embok' has a v wide sp\t to cov] p>ts t are to be completely protect$ by wax1 7e7 ,! tjant+ #8p5gada' has two sp\ts next ea* o!r = ! draw+ ( p>allel l9es4 ,!re are v>i\s o!r v>ieties t h ?ree1 five & sometimes z _m z six sp\ts = mak+ little rosettes & gr\ps ( dots4 ,tjant+s are always made by m5 & ! "w is n subdivid$1 t is to say1 "o man makes ! in/rum5t f />t to f9i%2 z a rule ! mak]s h at lea/ tw5ty-five tjant+ 9 ! c\rse ( con/ruction at ! same "t4 ,x takes a good workman six to sev5 days to make ab\t #bej ( ! little tools1 t is1 ab\t =ty a day4 ,figur+ ! co/ ( mat]ials & *>coal us$ 9 ! mak+1 toge!r ) ov]head exp5ses & ! receipts figur+ at ! rate ( #bd c5ts 7,am]ican money71 = #bdj tjant+s1 x w be se5 t an excell5t craftsman makes on an av]age ab\t #cj c5ts 9 ,dut* money1 equival5t to #ab c5ts ,am]ican1 a day4 8#d4 ,! #8djegoel1' an in/rum5t :i* replaces ! bru% us$ 9 ,europe & is made ( a ?9 wood5 /ick ) a wad ( cotton ti$ to ! end4 ,?is is = wax+ v l>ge surfaces4 8#e4 ,! #8iroes4' ,?is is a spoon made out ( cocoanut %ell & has a bamboo h&le2 x is us$ to mix ! melt$ wax & to scoop ! wax (f ! wat] 9 :i* ! f9i%$ batik has be5 boil$4 8#f4 ,! #8wadja4' ,! copp] pan 9 :i* ! fabric is boil$ :5 ! wax is be+ remov$4 8#g4 ,! #8panjawanjan4' ,a small movable /& ov] :i* ! mat]ial is hung dur+ ! wax+ process4 8#h4 ,! #8tjawang4' ,a small bamboo clip us$ to fa/5 ! fabric to ! /&4 ,ri* batik]s use an iron clip call$ 8b&oel40 8#i4 ,! #8doelang4' ,a l>ge wood5 tr\gh = dye+4 8#aj4 ,! #8pane4' ,a small vessel also us$ = dye made ( wood1 copp]1 or e>!nw>e4 8#aa4 ,! #8blebeo4' ,a wood5 /raight-edge = use :5 draw+ /raight l9es--a process call$ #8batikan g>isan4' 8#ab4 ,! #8semprong4' ,a bl[-pipe ) :i* to bl[ ! fire4 ,! fire is made1 z a rule1 betwe5 ?ree /ones set 9 ! =m ( a triangle1 ^u :i* ! wax pot is plac$4 8,to d real batik "w ! proce$+s are z foll[s4 ,fir/ ! ma9 outl9e ( ! design is sket*$ on ! mat]ial1 ) *>coal or p5cil1 & :5 ?is is complet$ ! fabric is hung ov] ! little /& & ) ! tjant+ ! design is drawn 9 ) wax1 ! mat]ial mean:ile be+ support$ ) ! left h&2 ! work] sits on a little mat 9 front ( h] /&4 ,! f9] p>ts ( ! patt]n are drawn 9 )\t p5cil guid+ l9es4 8,:5 "o side is decorat$ ! piece is turn$ ar\nd & ! back is v c>efully drawn 94 ,) all ! surfaces cov]$ :i* are n int5d$ to be blue x is ready = ! blue dye-ba?4 ,?is dye+ 9 blue is done by ! batik] h]self or m (t5 by ! pr(essional blue-dy] :o does x = a small remun]ation4 ,if r$ is plann$ on ! batik1 ! wax is remov$ f ! places :]e ?is col\r is want$ by spong+ ) hot wat]4 ,! mat]ial is !n re-/>*$ ) rice wat]1 ar5 sug> & pulv]iz$ r&oe leaves1 s t ! wax w n run or become s(t4 ,! p>ts t are to rema9 blue h to be re-cov]$ ) wax & ! piece is ready = ! r$ dye4 8,?is r$ dye is made f an infusion ( soga b>k2 successive dipp+s are made until ! desir$ col\r is obta9$4 ,to make ! col\r p]man5t & at ! same "t to obta9 ! mu* desir$ purple gl[1 ! mat]ial is dipp$ 9 a ba? made ( a mixture ( ,java sug>1 :it+1 & alum4 ,x is left 9 ?is solution = ab\t an h\r1 aft] :i* x is well r9s$ & transf]r$ to a hot wat] ba?4 ,! wat] is boil$ & ! wax is dissolv$2 ! wax float+ on ! top ( ! wat] is collect$ = fur!r use4 ,! f9i%$ batik is !n dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,if o!r col\rs are requir$ on ! piece ! same program is repeat$40 ,,batik ,,9 ,,holl& ,batik 9 ,am]ica is /ill a comp>atively rec5t importation2 br\ght "h "s t5 ye>s ago1 x 0 met ) absolute incompreh5sion & lack ( int]e/1 b its real m]it z a means ( decorat+ fabrics has e>n$ x a place 9 ! indu/rial art ( ! nation & ye> by ye> x is ga9+ wid] recognition4 ,sid5ote3 ,,hi/ory ,= two hundr$ & sev5ty odd ye>s x has be5 kn[n 9 ,holl&1 to :i* c\ntry x 0 br\ght by ! ,dut* trad]s f ,java 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 receiv$ v en?usia/ically & ! comm]cial failure t foll[$ ! importation ( "s #bjjj pieces 7:i* 7 f9ally sold at auction1 z no m>ket c\ld be f\nd = !m ?r\gh regul> *annels7 did n enc\rage trad]s 9 _! ef=ts to popul>ize batiks4 ,f t "t1 t is1 ab\t #agej until #ahag1 int]e/ 9 ! "w decid$ly flagg$ & ! hon\r ( reviv+ x mu/ be giv5 prim>ily to ,raffles :o gave a description ( x 9 8 well kn[n 8,hi/ory ( ,java0 publi%$ at ! latt] date4 ,he1 h[ev]1 seems to h _h v little p]sonal feel+ = ! art & m]ely wrote x up z a matt] ( hi/ory1 & x rema9$ = ! mod]n arti/s to give x is fir/ real impetus4 ,sid5ote3 ,,dut* ,,arti/s ,,( ,,fame ,! pres5t ke5 int]e/ 9 ! craft is ma9ly due to ,*ris ,lebeau1 ,dijesselh( & ,lion ,ca*et1 :o h1 by _! wond]ful "w1 reviv$ & /imulat$ a nation-wide appreciation ( ! art4 ,am]ican batik has rec5tly gone ?r\gh a phase ( developm5t simil> to t exp]i5c$ 9 ,holl& "s twelve ye>s ago4 ,x has be5 9 dang] ( gett+ into ! class ( transi5t 8cults0 & becom+ a fa%ionable pa/ime ) a rise & fall simil> to ! craze = do+ peasant wood-c>v+1 burnt-wood "w or sweat] knitt+4 ,b "h1 too1 its real m]it has sav$ x f becom+ j a modi% amusem5t4 ,9 ,holl& x 0 ev5 introduc$ into girls' s*ools z a regul> c\rse1 s t graduates might ent] ! social _w fully equipp$6 ,luckily = its ultimate survival1 h[ev]1 x requir$ s mu* te*nical k t x 0 soon left to s]i\s /ud5ts1 b ! desire = ! beautiful results obta9$ by ! process 0 n rel9qui%$ s will+ly & ! result 0 t p tri$ to produce ! effect )\t ! "w4 ,?is imitation 0 call$ a 8secret process0 & enjoy$ consid]able vogue4 ,! g5]al public believ$ t ?is sub/itute 0 real batik1 because ! mat]ial _h be5 dipp$ & "s wax _h be5 us$1 b any "o :o knew any?+ ab\t ! g5u9e process1 0 n fool$ & recogniz$ t /5cils & v>i\s o!r fake me?ods _h be5 utiliz$4 ,! unlimit$ pati5ce ( ! native work] 0 unkn[n1 & unsung 0 ! ?or\ghness ( ! pa9/ak+ craftsman4 ,at ?is p]iod ! wat*-^w 0 8spe$0 & ! results %[$ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,conv5tional ,,fi% ,,design ,,by ,,*ris ,,lebeau ,! importance plac$ on ! 8crackle effect0 is ano!r p>allel 9 ! phases ( developm5t 9 ,holl& & ,am]ica4 ,crackle c]ta9ly has its place 9 ! beauty ( batik1 b ! indiscrim9ate use ( x z a complete motive ( decoration 9 itself1 is to be regrett$4 ,x w\ld be us$ less1 probably1 if examples ( ! be/ native & ,european "w 7 /udi$1 9 :i* real design & col\r are ! arre/+ features4 ,ev5 :il/ admitt+ t ! m$ium does limit ! design] to a c]ta9 ext5t1 /udy ( ! "w ( ! be=e-m5tion$ ,dut*m51 ,dijesselh( & ,lebeau1 w %[ ! v>iety ( design1 feel+ & temp]am5t t c be express$ ?r\gh ! batik process4 ,sid5ote3 ,,dijesselh( ,sid5ote3 ,,lebeau ,dijesselh( consid]s batik a bett] way to express himself = 8 mural decorations ?an ei!r oil or wat] col\r pa9t+4 ,he uses ! bru% to a great ext5t & works ) great fre$om ( execution1 mak+ ! m$ium con=m to 8 own p>ticul> type ( "w4 ,lebeau1 on ! o!r h&1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,javanese1 sees ! tjant+ z ! only tool ) :i* to produce 8 ri*ly fanta/ic designs4 ,lebeau is te*nically ! great] arti/ & possesses a supreme disreg>d ( "t :5 he is produc+ a magnific5tly ornam5t$ textile2 8 attitude t[>d 8 "w is rem9isc5t ( t ( ! monks :o 9 bygone ages1 sp5t ye>s on ! intricate & beautiful ornam5tation ( _! labori\sly h&-lett]$ books ( devotion4 ,!y1 too1 _h p]fection ( design & craftsman%ip z _! only /&>d4 ,^! m5 h be5 an inspiration to ,dut* arti/s1 & ! illu/ration ( a batik by ,*ris ,lebeau fac+ page #bf w give ! read] a good idea ( ! high /&>d ( pr(ici5cy ?is ,dut* arti/ & craftsman has a*iev$4 ,x w be se5 t no actual l9es 7 us$ 9 ^! designs2 if a l9e effect 0 want$ x 0 made by a s]ies ( little r\nd dots1 almo/ equal 9 size1 ) ! result t a s(t pleas+ l9e is obta9$ in/ead ( a h>d "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,geometrical ,,fi% ,,design ,,by ,,*ris ,,lebeau ,by graduat+ ! size ( ! dots1 f small to l>ge1 an effect is produc$ t nev] c\ld be obta9$ ) l9es2 n only are ! l9es treat$ 9 ?is way1 b :ole surfaces 9 :i* a light tone is desir$1 in/ead ( be+ 8cov]$ (f0 ) a bru%1 are laid 9 ) c\ntless dots v close toge!r4 ,z c be readily und]/ood ?is h&-"w requires ! acme ( craftsman%ip1 = if ! dots are plac$ irregul>ly1 t is to say1 if _! arrangem5t is n directly h>moni\s ) ! ma9 l9es ( ! design1 ! patt]n =m$ by ! spaces betwe5 !m1 w\ld di/urb ! re/ ( ! draw+4 ,9 ! second reproduction x c be se5 t ! little dots are actually laid 9 circles1 b ) su* regul>ity t no circles are %[n4 ,! workman%ip 9 ! /ork design is ev5 m amaz+ ?an t ( ! two fir/ decorations & x is h>d to believe t a human be+ has _h suffici5t pati5ce to execute su* a design4 ,sid5ote3 ,,european ,,use ,,( ,,batik ,9 ,europe1 batiks are *iefly us$ = int]ior decoration2 table cov]s1 scre5s & lamp-%ades be+ m popul> ?an co/umes decorat$ by ! process4 ,x is also us$ to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 book-b9d+1 on pap] & on p>*m5t4 ,practically ! same me?ods are employ$ :5 batik+ ^! mat]ials z = wov5 goods1 b exp]im5t]s are advis$ to take ! greate/ c>e :5 h&l+ pap]1 :i* ( c\rse1 :5 wet1 te>s v easily4 ,to batik p>*m5t x is necess>y to fir/ soak x1 9 ord] to make x pliable1 !n :il/ wet1 x %\ld be /ret*$ on a piece ( plate glass1 slightly l>g] ?an ! p>*m5t1 & glu$ at ! edges ) /rips ( pap] b9d+4 ,:5 ?or\ghly dry ! design is p\nc$ on or drawn 9 ) p5cil4 ,be=e />t+ to apply ! wax ! glass mu/ be w>m$ f ! back1 9 ord] to make c]ta9 ( an easy fl[+ ( ! wax2 if ! p>*m5t is cold x w be f\nd t ! wax congeals too quickly & w n be workable4 ,! p>ts ( ! design to be left un-col\r$ are cov]$ ) wax z usual1 & a little wall ( clay is built ar\nd ! edge ( ! glass2 ?is =ms a ba? into :i* ! dye is p\r$4 ,! col\r is all[$ to soak 9 ?or\ghly & ! dye is !n p\r$ (f1 ! process be+ repeat$ if ! tone f ! fir/ ba? is n int5se en\gh2 o!r col\rs are appli$ 9 ! same way4 ,! wax is !n remov$ by spong+ c>efully ) gasol9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ork ,,panel ,,by ,,*ris ,,lebeau ,illu/ration3 ,,flam+o ,,curta9 ,,by ,,piet] ,,mij] ,anil9e dyes are us$ *iefly & occasionally acids :i* produce col\r by _! action on ea* o!r1 are employ$4 ,vegetable dyes are popul> 9 ,holl& on acc\nt ( _! p]man5ce1 ! ,dut* be+ almo/ z p>ticul> ab\t ! durability ( _! "w z ! ,javanese4 ,?is is natural :5 "o rememb]s t1 !re1 ! batik art is consid]$ 9 ! same light z pa9t+ & sculpture1 & frequ5t exhibitions are held = a public ^: attitude t[>d ! craft is v diff]5t to t ( _m ,am]icans1 :o d n yet appreciate ! art z an art4 ,beside public int]e/1 ! gov]nm5t ( ,holl& has done its be/ to /imulate ! /udy ( ! craft4 ,exp]im5t+ /ations are ma9ta9$1 :]e free ( all co/1 ! arti/ c h 8 batik$ design dy$ & he is giv5 all ! in=mation & help t he wants4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 means a great deal to ! beg9n] :o kn[s little or no *emi/ry1 "s k ( :i* is q ess5tial to "o :o w\ld become a really exp]t dy]4 ,,ut5sils ,,& ,,mat]ials ,be=e go+ into ! details ( ! actual batik process x w p]haps be a good plan to give a description ( ! necess>y tools & _! managem5t1 wax1 & v>i\s o!r ess5tial requirem5ts4 ,! tools *iefly us$1 are ! native in/rum5t call$ ! 8tjant+10 ! bru%1 & ! ,european wax p5cil4 ,( ^! ?ree ! tjant+ & ! bru% are mo/ g5]ally us$1 ! wax p5cil be+ a some:at clumsy affair & h>d to h&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,batik ,,9 ,,int]ior ,,decoration ,sid5ote3 ,,tjant+s ,! 8tjant+0 us$ 9 ,am]ica is a modification ( ! ,javanese in/rum5t2 x is a little cup-%ap$ tool ) a h&le set at "r-angles to ! base on "o side & on ! o!r is a f9e sp\t arrangem5t4 ,?r\gh ?is sp\t ! hot wax is drawn by capill>y attraction :5 ! po9t is br\ght 9 contact ) ! mat]ial4 ,9 ! be/ type ( 8tjant+0 ! sp\t is tap]$ t[>d ! po9t2 ?is %ap+ is 9 ord] t ! volume ( wax1 small ?\gh x is1 w hold ! heat long] ?an if ! entire l5g? ( ! tube 7 z m9ute z ! hole ?r\gh :i* x is f9ally drawn4 ,9 batik+ ) ! tjant+ ! wax is scoop$ out ( ! pot 9 :i* x is be+ kept hot & ! in/rum5t is wip$ (f c>efully be=e x is br\ght ne> ! fabric4 ,x does n d to take a *ance on hav+ a drop ( wax fall on ! "w z x is next to impossible to remove x entirely4 ,"s p hold _! tjant+ directly ov] a flame to re-heat cool+ wax1 b x is a v unwise practice z !re is a grave dang] ( hurt+ ! sp\t & a likelihood ( ! wax becom+ *>r$4 ,if ! wax does get too cold to "w )1 or ! sp\t gets /opp$ up ) *ill$ wax1 hold ! b[l ( ! tjant+ 9 ! hot wax 9 ! melt+ pot & x w be f\nd t ! tr\ble is rem$i$ in/antly4 ,if y h be5 unlucky en\gh to get grit or "s o!r clogg+ sub/ance 9 ! sp\t1 ! ins]tion ( a f9e hair wire w usually cle> x2 ?is is almo/ a major op]ation ?\gh & %\ld be p]=m$ mo/ c>efully z x is a delicate in/rum5t y are h&l+ & x co/s money to repair x ev5 if y are 9 ! neighb\rhood ( "s "o :o is able to re-sold] x4 ,s fragile is ! po9t ( ^! f9e in/rum5ts t ev5 ! sudd5 *eck caus$ by ! r\gh fibre ( "s mat]ials is suffici5t to ru9 ! tip4 ,:5 n 9 use ! safe/ plan is to hang x 9 a box ( its own or at lea/ keep x 9 a place sacr$ to itself1 ) its sp\t upw>ds1 s t !re is no likelihood ( accid5tal pressure to b5d x out ( %ape4 ,?is c>eful h&l+ ( ! tjant+ is emphasiz$ because1 :ile ! initial co/ ( a good in/rum5t may seem high1 x is a mo/ satisfactory tool to use & ) prop] att5tion x %\ld la/ a life-"t4 ,"o t is 9 use today has be5 us$ /eadily = ! pa/ twelve ye>s & looks good = hold+ _m m p9ts ( melt$ wax4 ,illu/ration3 ,,clean+ ,,! ,,tjant+ ,illu/ration3 ,,dy+ ,,( ,,textile ,! frontispiece %[s a piece 9 :i* all ! l9e "w 0 done ) a tjant+1 ! bru% only be+ us$ to fill 9 ! big surfaces1 aft] ! v>i\s dipp+s4 ,! design is an adaptation f ! ,*9ese1 inspir$ by ! decoration on a coram&el scre54 ,! panel is work$ out 9 sev5 col\rs3 two golds1 two gre5s1 r$1 br[n1 & black4 ,x 0 design$ by ! writ] & execut$ by ,emile ,weeck]s & himself4 ,! sp\t op5+s come 9 v>i\s sizes & ) ! f9e/ almo/ hair-l9es c be produc$4 ,! wax :5 ready to fl[ =ms an inf9itesimal globule :i* w run freely :5 j t\*$ to ! mat]ial & skimm$ z lightly z possible ov] ! surface4 ,a heavy h& w drop ! po9t s t x t\*es ! fabric2 ! mom5t x does ?is ! hole is automatically seal$ & ! wax _c fl[4 ,_m batik]s are n able to obta9 a tjant+ & w\ld n if !y c\ld1 pref]r+ to d _! wax+ entirely ) bru%es4 ,bru%es1 prop]ly trimm$ & ( v>i\s sizes1 w c]ta9ly give v satisfactory results to ! c>eful work]4 ,( c\rse ! m9ute l9e possible ) ! tjant+1 is impossible to a*ieve ) a bru%1 ?\gh a l9e z n>r[ z ! sixte5? ( an in* c be made by a practis$ craftsman4 ,sid5ote3 ,,use ,,( ,,bru% ,! all-ov] floral design %[n fac+ page #cf1 design$ by ! writ] & execut$ by ,miss ,e4 ,%irtleff1 0 made 9 six col\rs4 ,?is panel 0 done 9 ! 8blue gr\p10 expla9$ 9 ! *apt] on dye+4 ,! outl9e ( ! fl[]s is 9 ! orig9al :ite ( ! mat]ial1 ! petals ( ! fl[]s range 9 col\r f /raw yell[ to orange1 ) "s ( ! out] ones 9 moss gre54 ,! backgr\nd has a 8wave design0 work$ out 9 all ! diff]5t col\rs us$ 9 ! fl[]s & an extra %ade ( d>k gre54 ,! wax+ ( ?is piece 0 done entirely ) ! bru% & has no l9e ( a great] wid? ?an "o-sixte5? ( an in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,floral ,,design ,,entirely ,,execut$ ,,) ,a ,,bru% ,sid5ote3 ,,prep>+ ,,bru%es ,?is f9e "w is easi] ) %ap$ bru%2 ?is %ap+ is done )\t mu* difficulty by dipp+ ! bru%1 pref]ably a good sable "o1 into hot wax1 &1 )\t press+ ! globule =mation out ( %ape1 g5tly wip+ ! excess ( wax f ! di/5d$ bri/les4 ,all[ ?is to cool & :5 h>d1 trim to a po9t ) a %>p knife4 ,melt ! cold wax out by dipp+ 9 ! wax pot & y w h a bru% t w be m manageable & w hold m wax = ! size ( its po9t1 ?an "o w\ld h ) ! regul> un%ap$ bru%4 ,= cov]+ big surfaces1 "o or two flat s(t-hair$ v>ni% bru%es w be ne$$4 ,sid5ote3 ,,wax ,,mixtures ,sid5ote3 8,,crackle0 ,= wax+1 bees-wax ) a mixture ( :ite p>aff9 wax is us$ by mo/ batik]s1 ! proportion v>y+ accord+ to ! brittl5ess desir$4 ,?is ( c\rse is be/ work$ out to suit ! individual batik]'s requirem5ts & aft] a little exp]im5t+ "o soon le>ns to get a satisfactory mixture4 ,"o "p p>aff9 to five p>ts ( bees-wax w give ! consi/5cy ( m$ium to produce ! crackle surface s popul> ) _m arti/s 9 ,am]ica4 ,pure bees-wax cracks v little & w /& ! highe/ temp]ature :5 9 ! dye-ba?1 & inv]sely ! l>g] proportion ( p>aff9 us$ ! m ! m$ium w crackle & ! cool] ! dye-ba? mu/ be us$ if "o does n want "o's design to melt away4 ,:5 no crackle at all is desir$1 ! solution c be made m pliable by ! addition ( ros94 ,use ?is1 h[ev]1 9 hot dyes only1 = x has unpleasant mann]isms1 "o ( :i* is to increase ! mixture's brittl5ess :5 x is made to und]go a cold plunge4 ,:il/ on ! subject ( wax1 a ^w may be well said reg>d+ ! c>e t %\ld be tak5 to keep wat] out ( ! neighb\rhood ( ! wax pot4 ,"o has only to all[ a drop ( wat] to get itself into ! melt$ wax j once1 to f9d out :at a horribly messy spatt]+ & explosion c result4 ,"o may ga9 9 und]/&+ & be able to sympa?ize ) long-suff]+ relatives :o decl>e t 8,batik is su* a messy bus9ess10 b x is h>dly wor? x4 ,( c\rse x ne$ n happ5 if a few precautions are tak51 & x is p]haps bett] to take c>e at fir/ ?an to run ! risk ( becom+ unpopul> 9 ! h\sehold4 ,ano!r w>n+ t may be ( s]vice to ! work] 9 ! c\ntry4 ,d n apply wax1 9 summ] "t1 seat$ ne> an op5 w9d[4 ,a really true /ory tells h[ a batik] 0 sitt+ coolly work+ by a w9d[ & 0 visit$ by a solit>y bee1 :o took a good look & "o sniff at ! wax pot & flew away4 ,he return$ imm$iately1 h[ev]1 ) all 8 relations :o sw>m$ gaily all ov] ! "w1 ! wax pot1 & ! work] to ! great discom=t ( ! visit$ & ! visitors4 ,explod+ 9 boil+ wax c h>dly be a com=table end to a busy life4 ,sid5ote3 ,,heat+ ,,app>atus ,to complete ! outfit "o also ne$s a small agate pan 9 :i* to melt ! wax1 "o ab\t f\r in*es deep w answ] be/ & "s sort ( heat+ app>atus4 ,a k]os5e /ove %\ld n be us$ unless "o is will+ to black5 "o's ut5sils & mo/ probably "o's self4 ,gas or an alcohol lamp ) an adju/able burn] are m satisfactory ?an an electric atta*m5t z ! ability to regulate ! heat makes = great com=t :5 "o wants to keep ! wax at an ev5 temp]ature4 ,( c\rse if necessity dem&s x1 any heat produc] available c be us$2 an electric flat-iron turn$ upside-d[n c ev5 be press$ into s]vice al?\gh ! inconv5i5ce ( hav+ to keep "o eye on ! melt+ pot is great1 :5 "o wi%es to give all "o's att5tion to ! design2 b if x is n wat*$ ! result may be a mo/ uncom=table 8smok+-out40 ,"w 9 a w>m room or ne> ! /ove & x w be f\nd t ! wax :5 9 ! tjant+ w *ill less quickly & w consequ5tly be m manageable4 ,^! little h9ts may seem ( small importance1 b x is z well to take advantage ( ev]y?+ t w make ! actual tool h&l+ easi]4 ,!re are likely to be tr\bles & mis-adv5tures en\gh ) ! re/ ( ! process4 ,sid5ote3 ,,dyes ,sid5ote3 ,,remov+ ,,/a9 ,a great _m p seem to be "u ! impression t ! ord9>y h\sehold dyes t are on ! m>ket are n good en\gh to use 9 batik "w4 ,!re is a /rong prejudice aga9/ ,diamond dyes1 b !re is no reason = x1 z ^! dyes :5 us$ accord+ to directions1 produce admirable results & are mo/ practical = ! beg9n] :o is n 9 ne$ ( l>ge quantities4 ,= any "o go+ ext5sively into dye+1 x is r an exp5sive way ( work+ & x is bett] to buy ! dyes 9 bulk direct f ! manufactur]4 ,rubb] gloves w give "s protection to ! h&s :5 h&l+ mat]ials 9 ! dye-ba?1 b if1 9 spite ( c>e1 ! h&s or clo?+ become /a9$1 soda or ammonia 9 ! wa%+ wat] w prove helpful4 ,lava soap is v good = remov+ /a9s f ! sk94 ,sid5ote3 ,,dye ,,tubs ,"o ( ! *ief helps 9 successful dye+ is a good vessel = use z a dye-ba?4 ,if "o is possibly obta9able1 ! be/ ?+ to use is a seamless copp] tub4 ,?is ut5sil1 h[ev]1 is n )9 ! rea* ( e /ud5t & x is q possible to d satisfactory "w 9 a good agate or enamel pan4 ,galvaniz$ iron is safe to use ) mo/ dyes1 b 9 "t ! acid us$ ) "s col\rs w eat into ! metal4 ,be sure to get a big en\gh vessel z disa/] foll[s goods t are cr[d$ 9 ! dye-ba?4 ,a !rmomet] is q a necessity1 & "o %\ld also h a glass spoon & a /irr+ rod4 ,= ?is latt]1 a c\ple ( smoo? r\nd pieces ( wood c successfully be sub/itut$2 ^! are us$ = lift+ & manipulat+ ! mat]ial 9 ! dye-ba?4 ,sid5ote3 ,,fabrics ,batik c be done on all k9ds ( wov5 mat]ial1 su* z cotton1 silk1 velvet1 wool1 mix$ goods or lea!r4 ,x is r difficult to get satisfactory results on cotton ow+ to ! fact t cotton dyes h to be boil$ 9 ord] to atta9 any degree ( brilliancy1 & ( c\rse boil+ is n practical :5 "o is deal+ ) wax$ mat]ial4 ,japanese habutai silk is p]haps ! easie/ fabric to use & be/ = beg9n]s' exp]im5ts1 z ! wax p5etrates easily & x takes col\r well4 ,?is applies to *iffon & simil> %e] mat]ials1 b ( c\rse _! delicacy makes !m h>d] to h&le4 ,fibre silks1 be+ compos$ ( bo? animal & vegetable matt]1 %\ld be dy$ 9 8mix$ goods dyes10 or %\ld be fir/ dipp$ 9 a ba? ( cotton dye1 & !n imm]s$ 9 a dye = silk1 ( a simil> %ade4 ,v heavy silks & velvets are magnific5t :5 batik$1 b !y %\ld be s5t to ! pr(essional f9i%]s to be treat$ :5 ! piece is complet$ z x takes a great deal ( ef=t & consid]able skill on ! "p ( ! amateur to f9i% a l>ge heavy silk panel or to raise ! flatt5$ pile ( velvet4 ,taffeta silk & v heavy sat9 are n good fabrics = ! batik process1 ow+ to ! load+ us$ 9 _! manufacture4 ,,tjant+s ,ev] s9ce ! batik art has be5 practis$ by occid5tals !re has be5 a se>* = a tool to replace ! tjant+1 or p]haps n s mu* to replace1 z to develop an improv$ edition4 ,b aft] _m trials1 x seems t ! tjant+ 9 its orig9al =m1 ) j a slight v>iation 9 its h&le1 is aft] all1 ! be/ in/rum5t = f9e l9e & dot "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,,price ,,( ,,tjant+s ,! ,dut* edition ( ! orig9al ,javanese tjant+s is bett] ?an ! native tool 9 two p>ticul>s4 ,fir/1 x is made out ( heavi] metal & is consequ5tly mu* /rong] & ! second di/9ct improvem5t is ! re-modell$ h&le :i* replaces ! little ti$-on bamboo affair4 ,( c\rse :5 ! diff]5ce 9 price is tak5 into consid]ation ! ,javanese tjant+ /&s away above any o!r1--x co/s f #a to #aj c5ts 9 ,dut* money1 :i* is ! equival5t ( five tjant+s = two c5ts1 ,am]ican money1 :il/ ! ,dut*-model tjant+ made "h 9 ,new ,york1 is sold = f #e4jj to #g4jj apiece4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( tjant+s are %[n 9 ! accompany+ illu/rations4 #a4 ,! orig9al ,javanese tjant+4 #b4 ,! ,dut* tjant+4 #c & #d4 ,belgian tjant+s4 #e4 ,! ,wal!r glass tjant+4 #f4 ,! wax p5cil4 ,! fir/ two ( ^! types h already be5 describ$4 #c4 ,a ,belgian tjant+4 ,?is tool has a few v good po9ts1 b ! tr\ble is1 t :il/ ea* factor 9 itself is good1 ! comb9ation ( !m 9 ! tjant+ is n desirable4 ,! cup ( ?is in/rum5t is made out ( a brass ball out ( :i* a segm5t is tak5 to =m ! top op5+2 on "o side1 n q at ! l[e/ po9t ( ! ball1 ! sp\t is plac$1 :ile ! h&le is fa/5$ opposite to x on ! o!r side4 ,?is plac+ ( ! sp\t has "o great advantage z any impurity 9 ! wax w settle bel[ ! sp\t op5+1 & clogg+ is less liable4 ,! sp\t is made ( solid brass plate2 x is tap]$ & ! nozzle has a f9e op5+4 ,! only disadvantage to x is1 t x _c be %ap$1 t is1 x _c be b5t up or d[n at ! w ( ! work]4 ,! ma9 objection to ?is tool is1 h[ev]1 t x is r heavy by reason ( its v solid cup & x does n balance well 9 ! h&4 ,besides ! be=e-m5tion$ advantage ( ! sp\t be+ unlikely to clog1 ! greate/ ?+ 9 its fav\r is1 ! long "t t x holds ! wax hot2 on acc\nt ( its r\nd %ape1 ! small op5+ on top1 & above all1 because ( ! ?ickness ( ! walls ( ! cup1 ! wax reta9s ! heat long] ?an 9 any o!r tjant+ made4 #d4 ,a second type ( ,belgian tjant+4 ,?is tool v mu* resembles "s ( ! fir/ tjant+s made 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is n v good1 ma9ly on acc\nt ( ! sp\t1 :i* is n tap]$1 & ano!r weak po9t is ! cup1 :i* holds only a v little wax4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v>i\s ,,types ,,( ,,tjant+s #e4 ,! ,wal!r glass tjant+4 ,?is is a ,g]man inv5tion & is c]ta9ly no improvem5t on any exi/+ type ( in/rum5t4 ,9 fact x is a clumsy & awkw>d tool1 difficult to h&le1 & be+ made ( glass x is ( c\rse1 v fragile4 #f4 ,! wax p5cil4 ,?is is ano!r ,g]man attempt to replace ! tjant+ & is made 9 two sep>ate p>ts4 ,fir/1 ! metal cyl9d] :i* holds ! wax & replaces ! cup & sp\t ( ! tjant+ & ! second "p is ! wood5 hold]1 :i* slips ov] ! cyl9d] & s]ves z a h&le4 ,! cyl9d] itself is ( brass1 %ap$ to a po9t at "o end & at ! o!r is clos$ ) a brass /opp]4 ,! po9t$ end is fitt$ ) a f9e ne$le :i* is held 9 place by a m9ute spiral spr+4 ,?is ne$le closes up ! op5+ 9 ! tube & prev5ts ! molt5 wax f fl[+ out4 ,:5 a fl[ ( wax is desir$1 ! pressure ( ! po9t ( ! 8p5cil0 on ! fabric1 w pu% back ! ne$le & release ! wax4 ,to fill ! tool1 ! wax is scrap$ into f9e *ips1 or bett] /ill1 cut into a ?9 b>1 & ins]t$ 9 ! tube & clos$ 9 ) ! /opp]4 ,! wood5 h&le is !n slipp$ back & ! tool heat$ 9 a flame to melt ! wax2 :5 ! in/rum5t is suffici5tly hot1 ! h&le is slipp$ back 9 position1 & "w c be />t$4 ,a great drawback to ?is tool is t x gets v hot1 s hot 9 fact1 t ! wood5 h&le is likely to *>1 z is %[n 9 ! "o illu/rat$1 & aft] work+ "s "t "o has to /op 9 ord] to give ! h&le a *ance to cool4 ,v f9e "w _c be done ) ?is in/rum5t & ! op9ions z to its usefulness are v divid$4 ,"s p say ! tool is z good z useless1 :il/ o!rs _c or w n "w ) any?+ else--?is is mo/ probably because !y nev] _h a good tjant+1 if !y _h !y w\ld soon put _! wax-p5cils 9 ! disc>d4 ,! ma9 ?+ 9 fav\r ( ! tool is1 t x makes v little wax smoke 9 ! room1 b ?is is its only virtue & x does n h a monopoly ( t1 z any batik]1 ) a little c>e c keep 8 or h] wax z hot z x is ne$$ )\t hav+ a column ( smoke con/antly com+ out ( ! wax pot4 ,al?\gh mu* "t has be5 sp5t & tr\ble be5 tak5 9 endeav\rs to supply a tool :i* w\ld be bett] & m practical ?an ! tjant+1 x c be safely said t ! orig9al appliance has /ood up successfully aga9/ all competitors & no?+ bett] has yet be5 made4 ,,! ,,batik ,,process ,sid5ote3 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,mat]ial ,! fir/ /ep 9 ! batik process is to prep>e ! mat]ial4 ,?is is no?+ m elaborate ?an a ?or\gh wa%+1 :i* w result 9 free+ ! goods f any artificial load+ & w %r9k ! piece & ! size w n be an unpleasant surprise :5 ! "w is f9i%$ & "o w n f9d t ! triangle especially cut = a lamp-%ade w n fit by an in* or s4 ,if "o is us+ 8dy$ 9 ! piece goods0 7t is1 mat]ial already dy$ "o col\r :5 b\ght71 x is a good plan to boil x = t5 m9utes1 9 ord] to remove any loose col\r1 & to make sure t no unexpect$ col\r w run & mix itself ) ! dye 9 :i* ! fabric is be+ dipp$4 ,! dry+ & iron+ ( ! mat]ial makes x ready = ! application ( ! design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sc>f ,,batik$ ,,by ,,hazel ,,burnham ,,slaught] ,sid5ote3 ,,application ,,( ,,design ,sid5ote3 ,,fold+ ,,mat]ial ,"s p :5 mak+ a simple design draw directly on ! mat]ial ) wax1 b x is usually ! be/ plan to make ! design on pap] fir/1 toge!r ) a col\r$ sket* to be us$ z a guide :5 ! dye+ "p ( ! process is rea*$4 ,9 us+ transp>5t mat]ial1 ! design c ( c\rse be plac$ und]nea? x & ! patt]n trac$ directly ?r\gh1 b ?is is n practical ) heavi] fabrics4 ,:5 wax+ v ?9 mat]ial su* z *iffon1 x c be d\bl$ or 9 "s cases ev5 fold$ 9 qu>t]s1 laid p]fectly flat & ! wax appli$4 ,?is %ort cut 0 us$ 9 ! batik illu/rat$ fac+ page #ej4 ,x 0 design$ & execut$ by ,hazel ,burnham ,slaught]1 & x is a repres5tative piece ( ! beautiful "w done by h] on %e] mat]ials4 ,x is made ) only two col\rs--! orig9al col\r ( ! *iffon1 a v light tan1 & a s(t mell[ r$2 ! design is an arrangem5t ( free ornam5t1 floral & animal life4 ,x is a free-h& all-ov] design1 & repeats itself f\r times1 hav+ be5 fold$ z describ$ above4 ,?is fold+ process only has satisfactory results :5 v ?9 mat]ial is us$ z ! wax w n p5etrate ?r\gh two or m ?icknesses if ! fabric has any weight at all4 ,! mo/ satisfactory means ( transf]r+ ! design1 is to prick ! outl9e ) a p91 or :eel p]=ator1 place ! p]=at$ pap] on ! fabric & rub *>coal ?r\gh ! holes4 ,if "o _c obta9 any *>coal--?\gh "o mu/ be f> inde$ f ! madd+ cr[d to be out ( rea* ( ev5 *>coal tablets1 lead-p5cil du/ c be us$1 ?\gh x is n at all to be recomm5d$ ow+ to ! dirty sme>s t x makes :5 rubb$4 ,be v c>eful to h ! mat]ial q /raight & place ! design on x squ>ely1 or ! f9al effect may be v twi/$ & di/ort$4 ,if ! prick+ has left a jagg$ edge to ! holes 9 ! pap]1 rub ! p]=ations lightly ) s&pap] 9 ord] t ! *>coal may g ?r\gh cleanly & easily4 ,sid5ote3 ,,r$raw+ ,,( ,,design ,:5 ! f9i%$ "w is to be 9 m ?an "o col\r1 x is advisable to /r5g!n ! *>coal outl9e ) p5cil or ,cont ,crayon ,no4 #b1 o!rwise x is wa%$ (f 9 ! fir/ dipp+4 ,?is r$raw+ is n necess>y if "o wi%es to h an undy$ outl9e edg+ ! diff]5t col\rs1 z 9 t case ! outl9e ( ! :ole design w be drawn 91 9 wax1 & ?is w p]man5tly indicate ! patt]n4 ,sid5ote3 ,,prev5t+ ,,! ,,wax ,,f ,,/ick+ ,! ,am]ican me?od ( work+ diff]s f ! ,javanese 9 ! fact t ! native hangs h] mat]ial v]tically 9 front ( h] :5 %e is wax+ h] design1 :il/ ! ,am]ican is decid$ly m com=table ) 8 mat]ial flat on a table4 ,usually x is /ret*$ on a frame or canvas-/ret*] to prev5t x f com+ 9 actual contact ) ! surface ( ! table :il/ ! wax is be+ appli$4 ,if x is n kept cle>1 x w be f\nd t :5 an attempt is made to lift ! textile1 on ! completion ( ! wax+ process1 x w be /ick+ 9 places & ! wax torn 9 consequ5ce2 ! effect ( ?is damage w be t 9 dye+ ! col\r w p5etrate f ! back1 & ! mat]ial expos$ by ! breaks w turn out to be "s %ade q unplann$ = 9 ! orig9al s*eme4 ,= v big pieces1 h[ev]1 x is r impractical to use a frame & z an alt]native to /ret*+1 ! fabric c be wax$ on a table :i* is cov]$ ) ?9 smoo? pap]2 ) c>eful lift+1 little or no h>m ne$ be done to ! wax1 b 9 any case x is well to make a ?or\gh exam9ation ( ! rev]se side 9 ord] to be sure t !re are no expos$ surfaces t %\ld be ret\*$4 ,"s arti/s "w ) a %eet ( glass "u _! mat]ial1 in/ead ( pap]1 b ?is1 :il/ hav+ ! advantage ( n /ick+ z mu* has ! great objection ( rapidly cool+ ! wax ) :i* "o is work+ & cool wax does n p5etrate ! mat]ial prop]ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,"r ,,way ,,to ,,hold ,,! ,,tjant+ ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,bru% ,,= ,,fill+ ,,spaces ,sid5ote3 ,,clean ,,outl9e ,sid5ote3 ,,h&l+ ,,! ,,tjant+ ,a clean edge to ! design is obta9$ ) m c]ta9ty if ! flat masses are outl9$ ) a f9e bru% or pref]ably ) a tjant+1 be=e be+ fill$ 9 ) ! l>g] bru%es4 ,:]e ! "w is done ) a tjant+1 x is difficult to h ! fabric /ret*$ on a frame z ?is tool is us$ ) ! palm ( ! h& re/+ on a /eady surface4 ,! illu/ration fac+ page #ed %[s ! way to hold ! tjant+ :5 ! "w is laid flat on ! table4 ,! wri/ & ! l[] "p ( ! h& re/ on ! table1 ! tjant+ is held betwe5 ! ?umb & ! two fir/ f+]s1 :ile ! rema9+ f+]s act z an additional support4 ,all small movem5ts c be made ) ! wri/ rema9+ /ation>y2 = big curves ! h& & arm are sl[ly mov$ 9 ! requir$ direction1 keep+ ! tjant+ at an ev5 level4 ,?\gh 9 ! beg9n+ ?is may seem difficult1 x w be f\nd t aft] a little practice1 x w be q easy to make ev5 & regul> l9es4 ,hav+ cov]$ up ) wax all ! p>ts ( ! design :i* are to rema9 :ite or ! orig9al col\r ( ! fabric 7if an already dy$ piece is us$ = ! f\ndation7 x is n[ ready = ! fir/ dye-ba?4 ,select ! lighte/ %ade 9 ! col\r sket* = ! initial dye+4 ,to be sure ( gett+ ! desir$ %ade x is well to te/ a sample ( ! fabric4 ,to d ?is1 wet ! piece & imm]se x 9 ! dye = a few mom5ts2 :5 x is dry x w be sev]al %ades light] ?an :5 x is wet4 ,"o c get an approximate idea ( ! col\r t a wet piece w be :5 x is dri$1 by look+ at x aga9/ ! light4 ,! simple/ batiks1 ( c\rse1 are ^? 9 :i* only "o col\r is us$ & consequ5tly only "o dipp+ is requir$4 ,details ( dye+ & ! matt] ( col\r s*emes w be treat$ at l5g? else:]e 9 ?is book4 ,aft] dipp+1 ! mat]ial %\ld be r9s$ ?or\ghly 9 luke-w>m wat]4 ,avoid ! use ( cold wat]1 especially :5 ano!r dye+ is to foll[1 z ! cold w cause ! wax to become brittle & crack1 & un9t5tional crackl+ is a sign ( poor craftsman%ip4 ,if ! batik is to be 9 only "o col\r x is n[ ready = ! removal ( ! wax1 :i* is a simple bus9ess1 consi/+ ( r9s+ ! fabric v ?or\ghly 9 gasol9e or ,c>bona4 ,m elaborate col\r s*emes are produc$ by a repetition ( ! process1 simply cov]+ up ) fre% wax ! p>ts "o wi%es to reta9 9 ! %ade ( ! la/-dy$ col\r4 ,?is re-wax+1 dipp+ & r9s+ is cont9u$ until all ! col\rs t ! s*eme dem&s are obta9$1 & !n ! wax is remov$ z describ$4 ,sid5ote3 ,,gasol9e ,a ^w "h on ! use & mis-use ( gasol9e may be 9 ord]4 ,gasol9+ %\ld be done v ?or\ghly2 "o ( ! faults common to all amateurs is insuffici5t r9s+ & ! fabric /ill /iff ) wax is plac$ on ! m>ket z a f9i%$ product4 ,(t5 ! lovely s(tness ( a drap]y w be lo/ & a pap]y quality sub/itut$ j because !re h n be5 a suffici5t numb] ( gasol9e ba?s us$4 ,sid5ote3 ,,precautions ,:5 possible1 gasol9e %\ld be us$ out ( doors1 al?\gh if prop] precautions are tak51 !re is no reason :y p %\ld be n]v\s ab\t us+ x 9 ! h\se4 ,9 ! fir/ place d n use x 9 a room 9 :i* !re is a fire burn+ & d n imag9e ! room is safe = a light$ mat* imm$iately aft] ! vessel conta9+ ! gasol9e has be5 remov$4 ,gasol9e fumes are heavi] ?an air & if undi/urb$ w hang l[ 9 ! room = "s "t2 x is !re=e a good plan to h ! w9d[ op5 slightly1 at ! bottom z well z at ! top1 9 ord] to create a curr5t ( air4 ,! hot air ris+ & ! fre% air com+ 9 at ! bottom ( ! w9d[1 w soon disp]se ! fumes4 ,sid5ote3 ,,gasol9e ,,economy ,h ! gasol9e 9 an e>!nw>e vessel4 ,enamelw>e easily gets *ipp$ & ! expos$ iron :5 t\*$ by ! h& may give a slight electric %ock1 z electricity is sometimes g5]at$ ?r\gh rubb+ ! fabric4 ,x is well1 9 any case1 to avoid h>d rubb+ & to use z little friction z possible1 tak+ p>ticul> c>e on bright cle> days :5 ! air itself seems *>g$ ) electricity4 ,gasol9e c be us$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,! la/ ba?s = "o batik1 conta9+ only a small am\nt ( dissolv$ wax1 c be us$ = ! fir/ ba? next "t1 & ) an app>atus simil> to t illu/rat$1 x is q easy to run (f ! dissolv$ wax 7:i* s9ks1 be+ heavi] ?an ! gasol9e71 & save only ! cle> fluid4 ,! la/ /age ( ! process is ! iron+1 :i* ne$s no m description ?an ! sugge/ion t ! "w is plac$ betwe5 pap]s2 ?is h9t may prev5t ! /reak+ :i* sometimes ru9s a batik t has successfully surviv$ ! v>i\s /ages ( a decorat$ textile's creation4 ,illu/ration3 ,clean ,gasol9e ,dissolv$ ,wax ,,tank ,,= ,,sep>at+ ,,wax ,,f ,,gasol9e ,,successful ,,dye+ ,sid5ote3 ,,temp]ature ,,( ,,dye-,,ba? ,a good deal ( ! failure ( success att5d+ ! dye+ ( a batik dep5ds on ! temp]ature ( ! dye-ba?4 ,too hot wat] w ( c\rse melt ! wax & a too cold ba? w make x s brittle t x w crack 9 unexpect$ & undesir$ places4 ,! accompany+ scale ( temp]atures %[s ! correspond+ degrees ( heat on diff]5t !rmomet]s4 ,:5 pure bees-wax has be5 us$ ! dye-ba? c be br\ght to & ma9ta9$ at a heat ( #aaj ,fahr5heit1 correspond+ to #df ,c5tigrade or #cf ,reaumur4 ,if a mixture ( p>aff9 has be5 us$1 x is n advisable to h ! dye at a high] temp]ature ?an #ij ,fahr4 ,,table ,,( ,,temp]atures --------------------------------- ,c5tigrade ,reaumur ,fahr5heit --------------------------------- #cj #bd4- #hf4- #ca #bd4h #hg4h #cb #be4f #hi4f #cc #bf4d #ia4d #cd #bg4b #ic4b #ce #bh4- #ie4- #cf #bh4h #if4h #cg #bi4f #ih4f #ch #cj4d #ajj4d #ci #ca4b #ajb4b #dj #cb4- #ajd4- #da #cb4h #aje4h #db #cc4f #ajg4f #dc #cd4d #aji4d #dd #ce4b #aaa4b #de #cf4- #aac4- #df #cf4h #aad4h --------------------------------- ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,too ,,mu* ,,dye ,sid5ote3 ,,/reaks ,,9 ,,dye+ ,a fault ) amateur dy]s is t !y (t5 use a great deal m dye ?an is really ne$$4 ,by ?is1 x is n meant1 t too mu* solution is us$1 b too mu* ( ! actual col\r+ matt]4 ,"o t5 c5t package ( dye w dye a p\nd ( mat]ial2 "s fabrics1 su* z a light weight silk run ab\t sixte5 y>ds to ! p\nd4 ,to avoid any wa/e ( dye1 x is a good plan to prep>e a conc5trat$ solution 9 a small pan & use x ) c>e & economy4 ,d n add x all at once to ! wat] 9 ! l>ge vessel1 b r make a weak ba? into :i* ! piece is put1 aft] hav+ be5 r9s$ 9 cle> wat] & squeez$ out4 ,:5 ! col\r is all tak5 up f ! ba?1 remove ! fabric & add m ( ! conc5trat$ solution4 ,d ?is sev]al times r ?an impati5tly p\r 9 ! :ole /r5g?2 :5 f9ally ! desir$ int5sity ( col\r is rea*$1 x w be f\nd t ! dyes are fa/] & a great deal less col\r w h be5 us$ ?an w\ld h be5 ! case o!rwise4 ,if c>eful judgm5t has be5 us$1 ! wat] w be practically cle> at ! end ( ! proce$+s4 ,ano!r good reason = n us+ too /rong a ba? is t ) a weak] solution x is mu* easi] to avoid ! /reaks t annoy ! inexp]i5c$ dy]4 ,! use ( too small a vessel is a frequ5t cause ( unev5 dye+2 ! mat]ial %\ld lit]ally swim 9 ! tub s t no dye c possibly settle 9 ! folds1 & = ?is same reason x is ess5tial to keep ! goods /irr$ ! :ole "t !y are 9 ! dye4 ,sid5ote3 ,,r9s+ ,aft] ! mat]ial has be5 remov$ f ! dye-ba?1 x %\ld be r9s$ v ?or\ghly & dri$4 ,a l>ge piece c be quickly dri$ :5 "o kn[s h[4 ,d n wr+ x on any acc\nt or ! wax w be brok5 9 a ?\s& pieces4 ,old %eets & t[els c be requisition$ ) good effect2 wrap ! r9s$ mat]ial 9 ^! to absorb ! heavie/ ( ! moi/ure & to prev5t dripp+4 ,if ! mat]ial is all[$ to dra9 & has n be5 r9s$ prop]ly1 ! appe>ance ( ! dread$ /reaks w at once %[ ! reason :y ! r9s+ "p ( ! process is emphasiz$4 ,:5 ?us 8blott$0 ! mat]ial w soon dry :5 hung ov] a wax$ non-absorb5t clo!sl9e2 an unwax$ l9e w sometimes leave a m>k :]e ! fabric has t\*$ x4 ,sid5ote3 ,,rewax+ ,! mat]ial %\ld be ?or\ghly dry be=e ! second wax+ is appli$4 ,if an attempt is made to d x :ile ! goods are /ill damp1 x w be f\nd t ! wax does n p5etrate s well1 & consequ5tly1 9 ! second dipp+ ! dye w seep 9 ?r\gh ! back & spoil ! col\r :i* ! wax 0 int5d$ to pres]ve4 ,sid5ote3 8,,crackle0 ,a crackle effect c be produc$ all ov] ! design by cru%+ ! fabric1 m or less g5tly1 accord+ to ! am\nt ( col\r t "o wi%es to all[ to p5etrate1 j be=e ! la/ dipp+4 ,a local crackle c be obta9$ simil>ly1 by cru%+ only ^? p>ts :]e a brok5-up surface to ! design1 is requir$4 ,! occasional use ( 8crackle0 w help ! arti/ a great deal1--= in/ance1 x may happ5 t "o ( ! light col\rs 9 ! design may turn out to make too gl>+ a spot to be entirely h>moni\s & 9 su* an ev5t "o may get pleas+ results by delib]ately crackl+ t p>ticul> spot & ?us tone d[n its brightness4 ,sid5ote3 ,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,col\rs ,in/ead ( dipp+ _! batik sev]al times1 "s p pa9t 9 "s ( ! col\rs4 ,z a rule ?is local application ( dyes is resort$ to :5 multi-col\r$ batiks are desir$ & :5 r$ & blue are us$ 9 ! same col\r s*eme4 ,! results ( ?is me?od ( dye+ are n1 h[ev]1 v satisfactory1 z x always %[s 9 ! f9i%$ piece4 ,no matt] h[ small ! pa9t$-9 spots may be1 !y always seem to /& out & d n h>monize ) ! g5]al s*eme1 ! way col\rs d t h be5 dy$ ov] ea* o!r1 z1 hav+ be5 dy$ ov] ea* o!r ! d>k] tones are a composite ( ! col\rs dy$ previ\sly & ! :ole effect naturally %[s a pleas+ relation%ip ( col\r4 ,! ,javanese occasionally put 9 _! extra col\r by ?is means1 b ) no great] success ?an ! ,am]ican arti/s & ! f9e/ craftsm5 !re are n us+ ! pa9t+ process at all4 ,ano!r drawback is1 t n only are ! col\rs inh>moni\s1 b ! mom5t y try to pa9t 9 any l>ge surface1 t is1 any area bigg] ?an a squ>e in*1 ! col\r is always unev52 ?is is because ! mom5t ! silk is t\*$ ) ! bru%1 t individual spot gets ! full /r5g? ( ! dye1 :i* fades out t[>d ! edges & no matt] h[ mu* pat*+ up is done1 x is impossible to get a p]fectly ev5 surface su* z c be obta9$ by dipp+4 ,( c\rse1 ! dye :5 pa9t$ 91 is cool & ! col\rs w n be z fa/ z :5 ! fibres ( ! mat]ial sl[ly absorb ! hot dye4 ,among o!r disadvantages1 is ! fact t ! spot :i* is to be col\r$1 always has to be fir/ outl9$ 9 wax to prev5t ! dye f spread+2 ?is gives a light outl9e r\nd a d>k surface1 :i*1 :ile n spoil+ "s designs has an unpleas+ effect m (t5 ?an n4 ,illu/ration3 8,,spr+0 ,,by ,c4 ,,b]tram ,,h>tman ,,& ,,piet] ,,mij] ,sid5ote3 ,,col\r ,,gr\ps ,batiks 9 "o or two col\rs are ( c\rse mu* simpl] ?an ^? 9 :i* a v>iety ( tones are requir$1 b ) a little ?\ght & practice _m col\rs c be us$ toge!r on ! same piece4 ,! simple/ col\r s*eme consi/s ( an arrangem5t ( yell[1 gre5 & blue4 ,always />t dye+ ! lighte/ col\r fir/ & "w ?r\gh ! col\r plan to ! d>ke/ %ade2 = in/ance1 9 a piece :]e yell[1 r$ & black are desir$1 ! dye-ba?s are arrang$ 9 ! same ord]4 ,9 ! use ( dyes x is necess>y to arrange ! col\r ranges into two gr\ps1 :i* we w call ! 8gr\p ( ! r$s0 & ! 8gr\p ( ! blues40 ,! 8gr\p ( ! r$s10 />ts ) yell[ & its v>iations & hues1 !n r$ & v>iations ( r$1 & la/ly purple4 ,! ma9 col\rs ( ! 8blue gr\p0 are yell[1 gre51 blue1 & purple4 ,?is division ( col\r w be readily und]/ood by ^? :o h "s k ( ! subject4 ,x w be cle> to !m t r$ c be dy$ ov] yell[1 & purple c be dy$ ov] r$ 9 its turn1 :il/ x w\ld be impossible to produce a good blue or gre5 on top ( a previ\sly dy$ r$4 ,?is same idea holds good 9 ! gr\p ( ! blues4 8,spr+10 ! panel illu/rat$ fac+ page #fd1 design$ by ,b]tram ,h>tman & execut$ by him & ! writ]1 is "o ( ! e>ly batiks design$ by ?is arti/4 ,x 0 dy$ 9 ! gr\p ( ! blues & no r$s 7 us$ 9 ! mak+ ( x4 ,x 0 dipp$ eight times1 ! orig9al :ite ( ! mat]ial mak+ ! n9? col\r4 ,! wax+ ( ?is piece 0 done entirely ) ! bru%1 no tjant+ be+ us$1 & gives a fair idea ( ! f9e "w t c be done ) ! bru%1 if "o consid]s t ! size ( ! orig9al panel is only ab\t =ty by sixty in*es4 ,sid5ote3 ,,extract+ ,,col\r ,= "s designs x may be necess>y to use bo? r$ & gre5 9 ! same piece2 9 ?is case ! col\rs ( ! 8blue gr\p0 %\ld fir/ be dy$1 until ! d>ke/ %ade call$ = 9 ! col\r s*eme has be5 obta9$ & !n ! col\r c be extract$ f ! places :]e ! %ades t belong 9 ! 8r$ gr\p0 are dem&$4 ,) ! /rong col\r extract$1 x is possible to get ! oppos+ col\rs q successfully1 />t+ 9 ) ! lighte/ tones & work+ ?r\gh to ! d>ke/ 9 ! mann] already describ$4 ,?is blea*+ c be done ) a solution ( ammonia or wa%+ soda4 ,bo? ^! m$iums h to be us$ ) ! greate/ c>e z ei!r ( !m w eat into ! wax to a c]ta9 ext5t & consequ5tly all[ ! next col\r to p5etrate & affect ! previ\s dyes4 ,x is wise1 !re=e1 to inspect ! wax$ (f p>ts v c>efully be=e re-dye+ & ret\* ! places :]e ! wax has be5 de/roy$4 ,a good plan is to keep a /rict eye on ! wax 9 any case1 9 ord] to prev5t surprise attacks by dye on ! mat]ial ?r\gh places t h become weak5$4 ,naturally ! wax is likely to suff] :5 ! fabric has to be h&l$ z mu* z x has to be1 :5 be+ dy$ a numb] ( col\rs4 ,"s p1 :5 !y wi% to h oppos+ col\rs1 su* z blue & r$1 9 ! same design1 resort to ! native me?od ( remov+ ! wax entirely aft] ea* dipp+ & re-cov]+ ! p>ts already dy$4 ,?is takes a great deal long] & ! wax ne$s v c>eful dissolv+1 z ! fre% dye w n 8take0 unless e p>ticle ( x is remov$ f ! fabric & ev5 !n x is n easy to get a successful dipp+ z ! gasol9e us$ = ! dissolv+ is m or less greasy & ( c\rse grease has no aff9ity ) wat]4 ,:ite l9es1 or l9es ! col\r ( ! orig9al fabric1 are apt to %[ too1 if "o has ov]/epp$ ! b\nd>y :5 cov]+ up ! fir/ col\r1 prior to ! second wax+4 ,:5 dye+ a batik ) "o col\r ov] ! o!r1 ! second col\r dy$ w always be affect$ by ! tone ( ! fir/ dipp+2 = in/ance1 suppose y\r mat]ial is dy$ yell[ ! fir/ "t1 & blue ! second1 ! fabric w n come out z a true blue1 b accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! blue dye1 w be ei!r light gre51 gre5 blue1 or if an int5se blue has be5 us$1 a blue-gre5 w result4 ,x w be f\nd t simil> v>iations w occur :5 r$ is dy$ ov] yell[1 :i* w give %ades ( orange & gradations ( purple w be obta9$ :5 r$ is dy$ ov] blue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,foll[+ ,,! ,,arr[s ,,9 ,,! ,,above ,,*>t ,,x ,,w ,,easily ,,be ,,se5 ,,:i* ,,col\rs ,,%\ld ,,be ,,mix$ ,,toge!r ,,9 ,,ord] ,,to ,,produce ,a ,,giv5 ,,col\r4 ,,! ,,proportion ,,( ,,dye ,,us$ ,,is ,,indicat$ ,,by ,,! ,,connect+ ,,l9es2 ,,! ,,%orte/ ,,l9e ,,%[s ,,:i* ,,col\r ,,%\ld ,,pr$om9ate ,a c>eful /udy ( ! accompany+ col\r mix+ *>t w give ! read] an idea ( ! way v>i\s %ades are produc$ f ! prim>y col\rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,composition ,,( ,,col\r ,! ?ree prim>y col\rs are r$1 yell[ & blue4 ,sid5ote3 ,,prim>y ,,& ,,second>y ,,col\rs ,r$ mix$ ) yell[ produces orange4 ,yell[ mix$ ) blue produces gre54 ,blue mix$ ) r$ produces purple4 ,! orange1 gre5 & purple are kn[n z ! second>y col\rs & by mix+ ei!r ! ?ree prim>y or ! ?ree second>y col\rs toge!r1 grey is obta9$4 ,x w\ld !re=e be q possible to dye successfully1 ) a /ock consi/+ ( only ! ?ree prim>y col\rs1 b x c]ta9ly w\ld be a wa/e ( "t4 ,= sev]al ye>s ! writ] work$ ) five col\rs1 r$1 blue1 yell[1 br[n & black1 & ) ^! produc$ ! v>i\s tones necess>y 9 a multi-col\r$ batik4 ,x is1 h[ev] advisable to h a few m %ades 9 /ock2 & ) ! foll[+ selection x is possible to make ! wide/ range ( col\r 9 a v %ort :ile1 & ! writ] has f\nd t ! be/ results are obta9$ ) ! foll[+3 ,sid5ote3 ,,dyes ,,& ,,dye ,,manufactur]s ,roccell9e #begh;,j1 ,natl4 ,anil9e ,*emical ,co41 ,inc41 #ba ,burl+ ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,c4 ,orange extra1 #begh;,j1 ,natl4 ,anil9e ,*emical ,co41 ,inc41 #ba ,burl+ ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,c4 ,azo flav9e1 ,ba*mei] ,co41 #dch ,we/ #cg? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,*5ol9e yell[1 ,ba*mei] ,co41 #dch ,we/ #cg? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,victoria gre51 ,dicks ,david ,co41 #bii ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,acid gre51 ,ba*mei] ,co41 #dch ,w4 #cg? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,indigot9e1 ,ba*mei] ,co41 #dch ,w4 #cg? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,oxal9e black1 ,h4 ,h4 ,metz ,co41 #abb ,hudson ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,alphanol br[n ,b1 ,natl4 ,anil9e ,*emical ,co41 ,inc4 ,mag5ta1 ,h4 ,h4 ,metz ,co41 #abb ,hudson ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,sid5ote3 ,,acids ,mo/ dyes us$ 9 batik+ are set ) ei!r sulphuric or acetic acid4 ,! above li/ is all us$ ) ! latt]1 :i* is pref]able1 z sulphuric is v dang]\s2 ! slighte/ trace left 9 ! fabric w1 aft] a :ile1 rot ! fibre4 ,acetic acid does n h>m ! silk1 b ) "s dyes x is too /rong & w *ange ! col\r4 ,if ?is %\ld be ! case1 ei!r t>t>ic or oxalic acid c be us$4 ,9 mo/ cases ! acid is add$ to ! ba? ( ! dilut$ dye r ?an to ! conc5trat$ solution1 ! exception be+ 9 ! case ( ! ,victoria gre5 & ! mag5ta2 ^! h to be dissolv$ 9 acetic acid be=e !y are put 9 ! wat]4 ,acetic acid is obta9able f any druggi/4 ,"s dyes are set ) salt & x is us$ ) _m ( ! h\sehold dyes :i* are always sold ) directions on ! package4 ,:5 buy+ direct f ! manufactur]s1 _! *emi/s w always give ! necess>y in=mation z to :i* acids %\ld be us$ ) ! v>i\s col\rs4 ,?is book is n int5d$ to be a te*nical treatise & read]s :o wi% to "k m ( ! *emi/ry ( dye+ are advis$ to /udy ,pr(4 ,*as4 ,e4 ,pellew's 8,dyes & ,dye+40 ,sid5ote3 ,,t]ti>y ,,col\rs ,! t]ti>y col\rs are all 9 ! br[n tones & ! foll[+ table may prove a useful guide4 ,blue orange yell[ produce gold4 ,r$ gre5 blue produce blue-br[n4 ,yell[ purple r$ produce r$-br[n4 ,gre5 orange r$ produce orange-br[n4 ,orange blue purple produce bronze4 ,purple yell[ gre5 produce gre5-br[n4 ,x w\ld n be possible to give weights & measures ( ! diff]5t col\rs1 z su* specks ( col\r w *ange ! tone1 b any "o want+ to mix col\rs = mat*+ w f9d t x takes v little "t to get a col\r once he has decid$ :at ! ne>e/ col\r is1 on ! col\r *>t4 ,by /udy+ ?is1 x is easy to f9d out :at col\r %\ld be add$ to produce any giv5 %ade4 ,sid5ote3 ,,mat*+ ,,col\rs ,! mo/ difficult problem 9 dye+ is ! mat*+ ( col\rs :5 ! mat]ials are diff]5t4 ,= in/ance x is n easy1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce 9 surface1 to mat* a *>meuse to a giv5 plu% or velvet4 ,= beg9n]s x is always be/ to />t exp]im5tal dye+ by daylight1 unless "o has a v :ite light1 z ! yell[ ( artificial light takes all1 or v ne>ly all ! yell[ out ( a col\r1 ) ! result t :]e "o at night has a beautiful blue1 ?is blue w turn to gre5 9 ! daytime & lav5d] w inv>iably turn grey4 ,sid5ote3 ,,col\r ,,relation ,yell[ is sometimes r a difficult col\r to manage1 t is to say t if1 9 a batik ! orig9al :ite ( ! mat]ial is to be us$ z a backgr\nd = a design 9 yell[1 x w be v difficult to see :]e ! :ite f9i%es & ! yell[ ( ! decoration beg9s4 ,:ile ! mat]ial is wet ! design w %[1 b :5 x is dry1 by "s my/]i\s trick ( ! eye1 x has app>5tly vani%$2 x is !re=e advisable to use a second col\r to (fset ei!r ! :ite or ! yell[4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a second col\r is n desir$ 9 ! batik & consequ5tly h no?+ to (fset ! yell[1 ! foll[+ h9t w save ! situation2 a little blue or a little r$1 mix$ ) ! yell[ solution1 w enable ! yell[ to hold its own on ! :ite gr\nd4 ,! slighte/ t\* ( ei!r ( ^! col\rs w h ! desir$ effect4 ,:5 ! col\r s*eme calls = a yell[ & a blue z sep>ate col\r units 9 ! design1 & ! blue is want$ aft] ! yell[ dipp+1 ! effect ( ! yell[ on ! blue 7:i* produces gre57 c be dim9i%$ by dye+ fir/1 a v weak solution ( mag5ta1 ov] ! yell[4 ,r9se ! mat]ial ?or\ghly1 !n proce$ to dip 9 ! blue dye-ba?4 ,9 do+ ?is1 x is necess>y to be v c>eful ) ! mag5ta1 z x is a v /rong col\r & an ov]dose w be liable to produce a purple in/ead ( a blue4 ,( c\rse1 if ! orig9al yell[ is v int5se x is n possible to neutralize x 9 ?is way & ! blea*+ process w h to be us$1 9 ord] to obta9 ! blue4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a ,fig4 #b ,fig4 #c ,,successive ,,/ages ,,9 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,batik ,& ?is is ano!r good ?+ to rememb] 9 mak+ a multi-col\r$ batik :i* is to h :ite z "p ( ! col\r arrangem5t4 ,x is always advisable to dye ! orig9al :ite ( ! fabric "s v pale %ade1 ei!r grey1 light tan1 pale blue or ev5 p9k4 ,if ! mat]ial is us$ 9 its orig9al pure :ite /ate1 a pleas+ effect w nev] result1 z ! :ite w always /& out z a gl>+ h>d spot :5 x is next to col\rs t are dy$ ov] ea* o!r & consequ5tly bl5d h>moni\sly4 ,?is prelim9>y all-ov] dye+ w 8tie 90 ! :ite & make x 9 key ) ! re/ ( ! s*eme4 ,! s]ies ( photographs %[n "h repres5ts ! successive /ages ( a batik 9 ! mak+4 ,! orig9al fabric is :ite silk & ! fir/ /ep is ! p\nc+ on1 ( ! design ) *>coal1 :i* is !n /r5g!n$ ) p5cil4 ,) ! tjant+ ?is outl9e is !n wax$ 7,fig4 #a74 ,! spots :i* are to be :ite 9 ! complet$ design1 are n[ fill$ 9 ) ! bru% & ! mat]ial is giv5 its fir/ dye+1 yell[ 7,fig4 #b74 ,n[ all ! p>ts t are to /ay yell[1 are cov]$ (f ) ! wax2 :5 ?is wax+ is complet$ ! mat]ial is dipp$ 9 light blue1 :i* be+ dy$ ov] yell[1 w produce light gre5 7,fig4 #c74 ,aft] dry+1 all t has to /ay gre5 is cov]$ (f ) wax 7,fig4 #d74 ,! f9al dipp+ is 9 r$4 ,! la/ picture 7,fig4 #e7 is ! complet$ piece aft] ! wax has be5 remov$ by gasol9+2 ?is photograph di/9ctly %[s1 9 its v>iations ( tone1 ! diff]5t col\rs t 7 us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d ,fig4 #e ,,successive ,,/ages ,,9 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,batik ,,! ,,value ,,( ,a ,,dye ,,record ,a dye record is an invaluable asset to a batik]2 x is v little tr\ble to make & ! "t sp5t on x w easily be sav$ :5 future "w is to be spe$$ up or samples are be+ made4 ,a record book w prove its value 9 _m ways1 p>ticul>ly if ! batiks made are liable to be re-ord]$1 z = in/ance1 :5 g[ns are decorat$ = ! trade1 or if ! mak+ ( "o batik leads to a dem& = a second1 :i* p]haps is want$ ) ! same col\r effects al?\gh n ! same design4 ,x is a good plan1 !re=e1 to leave an extra /rip ( mat]ial on ! piece t is to be batik$1 or to p9 a piece to ! fabric :i* is to be decorat$ & let x g ?r\gh all ! diff]5t ba?s & processes1 ea* "t tak+ (f a small sample ( ! new col\r to be pa/$ 9 ! record book4 ,,design1 8,,sorc]ess40--,,design]1 ,a4 ,,crisp4 ,,batik$ ,,by ,p4 ,,mij] ,,& ,a4 ,,crisp4 ,,date1 ,,janu>y #b,,nd1 #aiah4 ,no4,sample ,temp4 ,color ,"t ,acid ,rem>ks 9 ba? #a ,:ite #aje-aaj,yell[#bj m94,acetic cream ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #b ,yell[ #aaj ,salmon#bj m94,acetic cream p9k ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #c ,fle% #aaj ,light #ae m94,acetic col\r blue ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #d ,grey- #aje ,/rong#bj m94 ,slight crackle obta9$ by blue #ij blue #bj m94 r$uction ( temp]ature4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #d;a ,blue #ajj ,blea* #ae-bj ,ammonia,! batik is dipp$ m94 9 ammonia & r9s$ = an h\r4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #e ,grey #aaj ,gold #dj m94,acetic ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #f ,gold #aaj ,blue #fj m94,acetic ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #g ,blui%- #aaj ,r$ #ej m94,acetic gold ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #i ,bordeau #ij ,black #fj m94 ,blue add$ to improve tone #aaj ,blue #fj m94 ( black4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #aj ,black ,mat]ial us$1 crepe-de-,*9e4 ,price p] yd41 #e4jj4 ,l5g? ( piece1 #ac ft41 #d 94 ,height ( piece1 #i ft4 ,gasol9e1 #ae gallons4 7#c ba?s74 ,beeswax1 #e lbs4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,batik ,,= ,,co/ume ,z w be se5 f ! record quot$ "h1 e detail is m>k$ d[n--! temp]ature1 "t ( dye+1 price ( mat]ial & :]e x 0 b\ght1 9 fact any little item t may be ( help lat]4 ,a full explanation ( ?is sample page may be ( s]vice to "s read]s4 ,! record %[s ! process ( dye+ 9 ! mak+ ( ! 8,sorc]ess0 panel1 %[n fac+ page #gh4 ,! silk us$ = ?is panel 0 a v heavy ,japanese crepe & ! design 0 work$ out 9 n9e col\rs4 ,t is to say1 x 0 dipp$ eight times1 ! n9? be+ ! orig9al :ite ( ! silk4 ,! only places :]e ?is orig9al :ite %[s is 9 a few little fl[]s 9 ! bran*es ( ! trees1 & ^!1 on acc\nt ( ! _m times ! piece 0 dy$1 h s mu* crackle 9 !m t !y d n appe> z pure :ite4 ,! piece 0 fir/ dy$ a v light creamy yell[ col\r2 ?is tone be+ compos$ ( yell[1 a speck ( blue & a speck ( orange4 ,! mixture ( ^! col\rs produces gold & a mu* dilut$ solution results 9 a /raw yell[4 ,! temp]ature = ?is ba? 0 betwe5 #aje & #aaj ,fahr41 & ! "t = dye+ ab\t tw5ty m9utes4 ,aft] hav+ be5 r9s$ & dri$1 ! p>ts ( ! design t 7 want$ ! /raw col\r 7 cov]$ 9 wax1 ! l>ge/ surface be+ ! sc>f ( ! ,sorc]ess4 ,! panel 0 n[ ready = ! second dipp+4 ,?is 0 a light salmon p9k1 :i* ov] ! /raw-yell[ gave ! fle% col\r = ! face & body2 ?is tone also appe>s 9 ! light outl9e ( ! smoke & cl\ds4 ,?is salmon col\r 0 made ( orange & yell[ mix$ & 0 us$ v light4 ,temp]ature #aaj2 "t1 ab\t #bj m9utes4 ,! ?ird ba? 0 blue4 ,?is 0 us$ 9 ! m\nta9 9 ! backgr\nd & 9 "s ( ! leaves 9 ! =egr\nd on ! piece4 ,! blue 0 us$ pure1 b n v /rong4 ,) ! fle% col\r1 ?is gave a greyi% blue4 ,temp]ature #aaj4 ,"t #ae m9utes4 ,illu/ration3 8,,sorc]ess0 ,,by ,,ar?ur ,,crisp ,,& ,,piet] ,,mij] ,! f\r? col\r 0 ! same blue1 only mu* /rong]1 & 9 ?is ! trees 9 ! m\nta91 ! outl9es ( ! m\nta9 & ! /ems ( ! bigg] leaves 7 dy$4 ,! fabric 0 9 ?is ba? altoge!r ab\t #dj m9utes4 ,! fir/ half ( ?is p]iod ! temp]ature ( ! dye 0 ab\t #aje & 0 r$uc$ to #ij = ! la/ tw5ty m9utes4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 ! temp]ature 0 made 9 ord] to make ! wax brittle & obta9 a slight crackle to all[ ! p5etration ( ! col\r4 ,! crackle effect 0 n desir$ all ov] ! design1 s a second cov]+ ( wax 0 appli$ 9 "s p>ts1 aft] ! mat]ial _h be5 ?or\ghly dri$4 ,! face & body ( ! figure1 9 p>ticul>1 7 c>efully gone ov]1 z ^! p>ts _h to rema9 z little z possible affect$ by ! d>k] col\rs4 ,! panel 0 n[ dipp$ 9 an ammonia ba? to extract ! col\r f ! p>ts n cov]$ by wax4 ,?is took f #ae to #bj m9utes ) a temp]ature ( #ajj ,fahr4 ,:5 ! col\r 9 ! fabric 0 r$uc$ to a light grey1 ! piece 0 transf]r$ f ! ammonia ba? to a tub ( cle> wat] at ! same temp]ature1 & r9s$ ?or\ghly = at lea/ an h\r1 9 ord] to remove e trace ( ! ammonia4 ,aft] dry+1 ! :ole panel 0 c>efully gone ov] to close all undesir$ cracks t _h come dur+ ! col\r extract+ process2 ^! 7 ma9ly 9 ! figure & ! sc>f4 ,no grey 0 us$ 9 ! panel1 !re=e aft] ! fill+ 9 ( ! cracks1 ! piece 0 ready = ! fif? ba?4 ,?is 0 ! gold us$ = ! =egr\nd1 & x also makes ! high-lights 9 ! leaves & 9 ! tree-trunks4 ,?is gold 0 obta9$ by mix+ yell[1 orange & blue1 ) ! yell[ z ! dom9ant col\r4 ,temp]ature1 #aaj4 ,"t1 #dj m9utes4 ,! six? ba? 0 ! same gold solution1 /r5g!n$ up ) blue b )\t ! addition ( any m orange or yell[4 ,?is col\r 0 us$ 9 ! leaves1 "s p>ts ( ! trees1 ! w+s ( ! p>rot & ! solid col\r ( ! skirt4 ,temp]ature1 #aaj4 ,"t1 #fj m9utes4 ,! sev5? dipp+ 0 r$ 7roccell9e74 ,?is col\r 0 us$ pure & ov] ! bluei% gold ( ! previ\sly dy$ col\rs1 x appe>$ a deep ri* r$1 almo/ a bordeau4 ,! turban1 ! vase1 p>ts ( ! p>rot's w+s1 ! fl[]s 9 ! =egr\nd & ! bord]s at ! top & bottom ( ! panel are all 9 ?is tone4 ,temp]ature1 #aaj4 ,"t1 #ej m9utes4 ,aft] wax+ all ^! p>ts1 ! o!r cov]$ p>ts 7 inspect$ once m & all damag$ places & objectionable cracks repair$2 ?is complet$1 ! panel 0 ready = ! eigh? & f9al ba?1 black4 ,at ?is /age ! only p>ts ( ! :ole design t 7 n cov]$ 9 wax1 71 ! sky1 a small "p ( ! turban1 ! two pan!rs & ! ?ree little birds 9 ! c5tre =egr\nd4 ,! black 0 />t$ pure1 at a temp]ature ( ab\t #ij1 & ! piece rema9$ 9 ?is ba? ab\t an h\r2 x 0 !n tak5 out1 ! temp]ature br\ght up to #aaj1 blue add$ to ! solution & ! panel aga9 dipp$ = ano!r h\r4 ,! blue 0 add$ 9 ord] to improve ! tone ( ! black4 ,a solid blue-black 0 obta9$ 9 ?is way 9 place ( ! ru/y black t w\ld h be5 ! result ( dye+ /raight black ov] ! r$4 ,aft] ! requir$ int5sity ( tone _h be5 rea*$1 ! piece 0 well r9s$ & dri$1 prep>atory to dipp+ 9 gasol9e to remove ! wax4 ,! mak+ ( ?is piece took ab\t f\r weeks1 exclusive ( ! "t tak5 to prep>e ! orig9al sket* or ! full-size c>toon4 ,ab\t five p\nds ( pure bees-wax 0 us$ to cov] all ! surfaces1 & fifte5 gallons ( gasol9e 7 necess>y to clean ! piece4 ,?is is n surpris+ :5 "o realizes ! size ( ! panel1 :i* 0 eight feet high & ?irte5 feet f\r in*es wide2 9 all1 #ae1cfj squ>e in*es4 ,,index ,a ,acids1 #gj ,application ( design1 #ej ,c ,clean outl9e1 #ed ,col\r gr\ps1 #fd ,col\r relation1 #gc ,composition ( col\r1 !1 #fi 8,crackle10 #cg1 #fb ,d ,diff]5ce 9 me?ods1 #b ,diff]5t k9ds ( tjant+s1 #ai ,dijesselh(1 #bg ,dut* arti/s ( fame1 #be ,dyes1 #dj ,dyes & dye manufactur]s1 #gj ,dye tubs1 #da ,e ,european use ( batik1 #bi ,extract+ col\r1 #ff ,f ,fabrics1 #da ,fold+ mat]ial1 #ea ,g ,gasol9e1 #ef ,gasol9e economy1 #eh ,h ,h&l+ ! tjant+1 #ed ,head-dress1 #d ,heat+ app>atus1 #ci ,hi/ory1 #bd ,j ,javanese co/ume1 #c ,javanese design1 #e ,k ,ka9s1 #c ,l ,lebeau1 #bg ,m ,mat*+ col\rs1 #gb ,n ,native indu/ry1 #ac ,native process1 #ae ,p ,pa9t+ 9 col\rs1 #fc ,precautions1 #eg ,prep>+ bru%es1 #cf ,prep>ation ( mat]ial1 #ej ,prev5t+ ! wax f /ick+1 #ec ,price ( native tjant+1 #bj1 #dd ,prim>y & second>y col\rs1 #fi ,r ,r$raw+ ( design1 #eb ,remov+ /a91 #dj ,rewax+1 #fb ,r9s+1 #fa ,s ,sl5dang1 #d ,/reaks 9 dye+1 #fa ,t ,temp]ature ( dye-ba?1 #ei ,t]ti>y col\rs1 #ga ,tjant+s1 #cb ,tjaps1 #g ,u ,use ( bru%1 #cf ,use ( too mu* dye1 !1 #fj ,w ,wax mixtures1 #cg ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,illu/rations 9 ?is e,book h be5 position$ betwe5 p>agraphs & outside quotations4 ,9 v]sions ( ?is e,book t support hyp]l9ks1 ! page ref]5ces 9 ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations lead to ! correspond+ illu/rations4 ,illu/rations )\t captions h _h a description add$1 ?is is d5ot$ ) p>5!ses4 ,! index 0 n *eck$ = prop] alphabetization or correct page ref]5ces4 ,obvi\s typographical errors & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 ! text & consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4 ,"s hyph5s 9 words h be5 sil5tly remov$1 "s add$1 :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book4 ,except = ^? *anges not$ bel[1 all misspell+s 9 ! text1 & inconsi/5t or ar*aic usage1 h be5 reta9$4 ,pg #d3 8kapale0 replace by 8kapala0 ,pg #af3 8h\%old0 replace by 8h\sehold0 ,pg #eg3 ,add$ miss+ ^w 8aft]0 9 ! phrase 8light$ mat* imm$iately aft] ! vessel conta9+ ! gasol9e0 ,pg #ei3 ,remov$ duplicate 8or0 f 8#df ,c5tigrade or or #cf ,reaumur0