,,second ,,treatise ,,( ,,gov]nm5t by ,,john ,,locke ,digitiz$ by ,dave ,g[an4 ,john ,locke's 8,second ,treatise ( ,gov]nm5t0 0 publi%$ 9 #afij4 ,! complete unabridg$ text has be5 republi%$ sev]al times 9 edit$ comm5t>ies4 ,?is text is recov]$ entire f ! pap]back book1 8,john ,locke ,second ,treatise ( ,gov]nm5t01 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 ,by ,c4,b4 ,mc,pherson1 ,hackett ,publi%+ ,company1 ,indianapolis & ,cambridge1 #aihj4 ,none ( ! ,mc,pherson edition is includ$ 9 ! ,etext bel[2 only ! orig9al words conta9$ 9 ! #afij ,locke text is includ$4 ,! #afij edition text is free ( copyright4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,two ,,treatises ,,( ,,gov]nm5t ,,by ,,iohn ,,locke ,,salus ,,populi ,,suprema ,,lex ,,e/o ,,london ,,pr9t$ ,,mdclxxxviii ,,repr9t$1 ,,! ,,six? ,,"t1 ,,by ,a4 ,,mill>1 ,h4 ,,woodfall1 #a4 ,,:i/on ,,& ,b4 ,,:ite1 #a4 ,,riv+ton1 ,l4 ,,davis ,,& ,c4 ,,reym]s1 ,r4 ,,baldw91 ,,hawes ,,cl>ke ,,& ,,coll9s2 ,w4 ,,iohn/on1 ,w4 ,,ow51 #a4 ,,ri*>dson1 ,s4 ,,cr[d]1 ,t4 ,,longman1 ,b4 ,,law1 ,c4 ,,riv+ton1 ,e4 ,,dilly1 ,r4 ,,)y1 ,c4 ,,& ,r4 ,,w>e1 ,s4 ,,bak]1 ,t4 ,,payne1 ,a4 ,,%uckburgh1 #a4 ,,h9xman ,,mdcclxiii ,,two ,,treatises ,,( ,,gov]nm5t4 ,,9 ,,! ,,=m] ,,! ,,false ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,f\ndation ,,( ,,sir ,,rob]t ,,film] ,,& ,,8 ,,foll[]s ,,are ,,detect$ ,,& ,,ov]?r[n4 ,,! ,,latt] ,,is ,,an ,,essay ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,true ,,orig9al ,,ext5t ,,& ,,end ,,( ,,civil ,,gov]nm5t4 #agfd ,,editor',s ,,note ,! pres5t ,edition ( ?is ,book has n only be5 collat$ ) ! fir/ ?ree ,editions1 :i* 7 publi%$ dur+ ! ,au?or's ,life1 b also has ! ,advantage ( 8 la/ ,corrections & ,improvem5ts1 f a ,copy deliv]$ by him to ,mr4 ,pet] ,co/e1 communicat$ to ! ,editor1 & n[ lodg$ 9 ,*ri/ ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,,preface ,read]1 ?\ ha/ "h ! beg9n+ & end ( a disc\rse conc]n+ gov]nm5t2 :at fate has o!rwise dispos$ ( ! pap]s t %\ld h fill$ up ! middle1 & 7 m ?an all ! re/1 x is n wor? :ile to tell !e4 ,^!1 :i* rema91 ,i hope are suffici5t to e/abli% ! ?rone ( our great re/or]1 our pres5t ,k+ ,william2 to make good 8 title1 9 ! cons5t ( ! p1 :i* be+ ! only "o ( all lawful gov]nm5ts1 he has m fully & cle>ly1 ?an any pr9ce 9 ,*ri/5dom2 & to ju/ify to ! _w ! p ( ,engl&1 ^: love ( _! j & natural rights1 ) _! resolution to pres]ve !m1 sav$ ! nation :5 x 0 on ! v br9k ( slav]y & ru94 ,if ^! pap]s h t evid5ce1 ,i flatt] myself is to be f\nd 9 !m1 !re w be no great miss ( ^? :i* are lo/1 & my read] may be satisfi$ )\t !m3 = ,i imag9e1 ,i %all h nei!r ! "t1 nor incl9ation to repeat my pa9s1 & fill up ! want+ "p ( my answ]1 by trac+ ,sir ,rob]t aga91 ?r\gh all ! w9d+s & obscurities1 :i* are to be met ) 9 ! sev]al bran*es ( 8 wond]ful sy/em4 ,! k+1 & body ( ! nation1 h s9ce s ?or\ghly confut$ 8 ,hypo!sis1 t ,i suppose no body h]eaft] w h ei!r ! confid5ce to appe> aga9/ our common safety1 & be aga9 an advocate = slav]y2 or ! weakness to be deceiv$ ) contradictions dress$ up 9 a popul> /ile1 & well-turn$ p]iods3 = if any "o w be at ! pa9s1 himself1 9 ^? p>ts1 :i* are "h unt\*$1 to /rip ,sir ,rob]t's disc\rses ( ! fl\ri% ( d\btful expressions1 & endeav\r to r$uce 8 words to direct1 positive1 intelligible propositions1 & !n comp>e !m "o ) ano!r1 he w quickly be satisfi$1 !re 0 nev] s mu* glib nons5se put toge!r 9 well-s\nd+ ,engli%4 ,if he ?9k x n wor? :ile to exam9e 8 works all ?ro'1 let him make an exp]im5t 9 t "p1 :]e he treats ( usurpation2 & let him try1 :e!r he c1 ) all 8 skill1 make ,sir ,rob]t intelligible1 & consi/5t ) himself1 or common s5se4 ,i %\ld n speak s pla9ly ( a g5tleman1 long s9ce pa/ answ]+1 _h n ! pulpit1 ( late ye>s1 publicly own$ 8 doctr9e1 & made x ! curr5t div9ity ( ! times4 ,x is necess>y ^? m51 :o tak+ on !m to be tea*]s1 h s dang]\sly misl$ o!rs1 %\ld be op5ly %ew$ ( :at au?ority ?is _! ,patri>* is1 :om !y h s bl9dly foll[$1 t s !y may ei!r retract :at ^u s ill gr\nds !y h v5t$1 & _c be ma9ta9$2 or else ju/ify ^? pr9ciples :i* !y prea*$ up = gospel2 ?\gh !y _h no bett] an au?or ?an an ,engli% c\rti]3 = ,i %\ld n h writ aga9/ ,sir ,rob]t1 or tak5 ! pa9s to %ew 8 mi/akes1 inconsi/5cies1 & want ( 7:at he s mu* boa/s (1 & pret5ds :olly to build on7 scripture-pro(s1 7 !re n m5 among/ u1 :o1 by cry+ up 8 books1 & esp\s+ 8 doctr9e1 save me f ! reproa* ( writ+ aga9/ a dead adv]s>y4 ,!y h be5 s zeal\s 9 ?is po9t1 t1 if ,i h done him any wrong1 ,i _c hope !y %\ld sp>e me4 ,i wi%1 :]e !y h done ! tru? & ! public wrong1 !y w\ld be z ready to r$ress x1 & all[ its j weight to ?is reflection1 viz4 t !re _c be done a great] mis*ief to pr9ce & p1 ?an ! propagat+ wrong notions conc]n+ gov]nm5t2 t s at la/ all times might n h reason to compla9 ( ! ,drum ,ecclesia/ic4 ,if any "o1 conc]n$ really = tru?1 und]take ! confutation ( my ,hypo!sis1 ,i promise him ei!r to recant my mi/ake1 ^u fair conviction2 or to answ] 8 difficulties4 ,b he mu/ rememb] two ?+s4 ,fir/1 ,t cavill+ "h & !re1 at "s expression1 or little incid5t ( my disc\rse1 is n an answ] to my book4 ,secondly1 ,t ,i %all n take rail+ = argum5ts1 nor ?9k ei!r ( ^! wor? my notice1 ?\gh ,i %all always look on myself z b\nd to give satisfaction to any "o1 :o %all appe> to be consci5ti\sly scrupul\s 9 ! po9t1 & %all %ew any j gr\nds = 8 scruples4 ,i h no?+ m1 b to adv]tise ! read]1 t ,obs]vations /&s = ,obs]vations on ,hobbs1 ,milton1 c4 & t a b>e quotation ( pages always means pages ( 8 ,patri>*a1 ,edition #afhj4 ,book ,,ii ,,*apt]4 ,i4 ,,an ,,essay ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,true ,,orig9al1 ,,ext5t ,,& ,,end ,,( ,,civil ,,gov]nm5t ,sect4 #a4 ,x hav+ be5 %ewn 9 ! =ego+ disc\rse1 7i#a_/;i74 ,t ,adam _h n1 ei!r by natural "r ( fa!rhood1 or by positive donation f ,god1 any su* au?ority ov] 8 *ildr51 or dom9ion ov] ! _w1 z is pret5d$3 7i#b_/;i74 ,t if he _h1 8 heirs1 yet1 _h no "r to x3 7i#c_/;i74 ,t if 8 heirs _h1 !re be+ no law ( nature nor positive law ( ,god t det]m9es :i* is ! "r heir 9 all cases t may arise1 ! "r ( succession1 & consequ5tly ( be>+ rule1 c\ld n h be5 c]ta9ly det]m9$3 7i#d_/;i74 ,t if ev5 t _h be5 det]m9$1 yet ! k ( :i* is ! elde/ l9e ( ,adam's po/]ity1 be+ s long s9ce utt]ly lo/1 t 9 ! races ( mank9d & families ( ! _w1 !re rema9s n to "o above ano!r1 ! lea/ pret5ce to be ! elde/ h\se1 & to h ! "r ( inh]itance3 ,all ^! premises hav+1 z ,i ?9k1 be5 cle>ly made out1 x is impossible t ! rul]s n[ on e>? %\ld make any b5efit1 or d]ive any ! lea/ %ad[ ( au?ority f t1 :i* is held to be ! f\nta9 ( all p[]1 ,adam's private dom9ion & pat]nal jurisdiction2 s t he t w n give j occasion to ?9k t all gov]nm5t 9 ! _w is ! product only ( =ce & viol5ce1 & t m5 live toge!r by no o!r rules b t ( bea/s1 :]e ! /ronge/ c>ries x1 & s lay a f\ndation = p]petual disord] & mis*ief1 tumult1 s$ition & rebellion1 7?+s t ! foll[]s ( t hypo!sis s l\dly cry out aga9/7 mu/ ( necessity f9d out ano!r rise ( gov]nm5t1 ano!r orig9al ( political p[]1 & ano!r way ( design+ & kn[+ ! p]sons t h x1 ?an :at ,sir ,rob]t ,film] ha? taught u4 ,sect4 #b4 ,to ?is purpose1 ,i ?9k x may n be amiss1 to set d[n :at ,i take to be political p[]2 t ! p[] ( a ,,magi/rate ov] a subject may be di/+ui%$ f t ( a ,,fa!r ov] 8 *ildr51 a ,,ma/] ov] 8 s]vant1 a ,,husb& ov] 8 wife1 & a ,,"l ov] 8 slave4 ,all :i* di/9ct p[]s happ5+ sometimes toge!r 9 ! same man1 if he be consid]$ "u ^! diff]5t relations1 x may help u to di/+ui% ^! p[]s "o f weal?1 a fa!r ( a family1 & a capta9 ( a galley4 ,sect4 #c4 ,,political ,,p[]1 !n1 ,i take to be a ,,"r ( mak+ laws ) p5alties ( dea?1 & consequ5tly all less p5alties1 = ! regulat+ & pres]v+ ( prop]ty1 & ( employ+ ! =ce ( ! community1 9 ! execution ( su* laws1 & 9 ! def5ce ( ! commonweal? f =eign injury2 & all ?is only = ! public good4 ,,*apt]4 ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,nature4 ,sect4 #d4 ,,to und]/& political p[] "r1 & d]ive x f its orig9al1 we mu/ consid]1 :at /ate all m5 are naturally 91 & t is1 a /ate ( p]fect fre$om to ord] _! actions1 & dispose ( _! possessions & p]sons1 z !y ?9k fit1 )9 ! b\nds ( ! law ( nature1 )\t ask+ leave1 or dep5d+ ^u ! w ( any o!r man4 ,a /ate also ( equality1 :]e9 all ! p[] & jurisdiction is reciprocal1 no "o hav+ m ?an ano!r2 !re be+ no?+ m evid5t1 ?an t creatures ( ! same species & rank1 promiscu\sly born to all ! same advantages ( nature1 & ! use ( ! same faculties1 %\ld also be equal "o among/ ano!r )\t subord9ation or subjection1 unless ! "l & ma/] ( !m all %\ld1 by any manife/ decl>ation ( 8 w1 set "o above ano!r1 & conf] on him1 by an evid5t & cle> appo9tm5t1 an und\bt$ "r to dom9ion & sov]eignty4 ,sect4 #e4 ,?is equality ( m5 by nature1 ! judici\s ,hook] looks ^u z s evid5t 9 itself1 & beyond all "q1 t he makes x ! f\ndation ( t obligation to mutual love among/ m51 on :i* he builds ! duties !y owe "o ano!r1 & f :5ce he d]ives ! great maxims ( ju/ice & *>ity4 ,8 words are1 _/ ,! l natural inducem5t ha? br\ght m5 to "k t x is no less _! duty1 to love o!rs ?an !mselves2 = see+ ^? ?+s :i* are equal1 mu/ ne$s all h "o measure2 if ,i _c b wi% to receive good1 ev5 z mu* at e man's h&s1 z any man c wi% unto 8 own s\l1 h[ %\ld ,i look to h any "p ( my desire h]e9 satisfi$1 unless myself be c>eful to satisfy ! l desire1 :i* is und\bt$ly 9 o!r m51 be+ ( "o & ! same nature8 ,to h any ?+ (f]$ !m repugnant to ?is desire1 mu/ ne$s 9 all respects grieve !m z mu* z me2 s t if ,i d h>m1 ,i mu/ look to suff]1 !re be+ no reason t o!rs %\ld %ew great] measure ( love to me1 ?an !y h by me %ew$ unto !m3 my desire !re=e to be lov$ ( my equals 9 nature z mu* z possible may be1 impose? ^u me a natural duty ( be>+ to !m-w>d fully ! l affection2 f :i* relation ( equality betwe5 ourselves & !m t are z ourselves1 :at sev]al rules & canons natural reason ha? drawn1 = direction ( life1 no man is ignorant1 ,eccl4 ,pol4 ,lib4 #a4 _/ ,sect4 #f4 ,b ?\gh ?is be a /ate ( lib]ty1 yet x is n a /ate ( lic5ce3 ?\gh man 9 t /ate h an uncontr\lable lib]ty to dispose ( 8 p]son or possessions1 yet he has n lib]ty to de/roy himself1 or s mu* z any creature 9 8 possession1 b :]e "s nobl] use ?an its b>e pres]vation calls = x4 ,! /ate ( nature has a law ( nature to gov]n x1 :i* obliges e "o3 & reason1 :i* is t law1 tea*es all mank9d1 :o w b consult x1 t be+ all equal & indep5d5t1 no "o ought to h>m ano!r 9 8 life1 heal?1 lib]ty1 or possessions3 = m5 be+ all ! workman%ip ( "o omnipot5t1 & inf9itely wise mak]2 all ! s]vants ( "o sov]eign ma/]1 s5t into ! _w by 8 ord]1 & ab\t 8 bus9ess2 !y are 8 prop]ty1 ^: workman%ip !y are1 made to la/ dur+ 81 n "o ano!r's pleasure3 & be+ furni%$ ) l faculties1 %>+ all 9 "o community ( nature1 !re _c be suppos$ any su* subord9ation among u1 t may au?orize u to de/roy "o ano!r1 z if we 7 made = "o ano!r's uses1 z ! inf]ior ranks ( creatures are = our's4 ,e "o1 z he is b\nd to pres]ve himself1 & n to quit 8 /ation wilfully1 s by ! l reason1 :5 8 own pres]vation comes n 9 competition1 ought he1 z mu* z he c1 to pres]ve ! re/ ( mank9d1 & may n1 unless x be to d ju/ice on an (f5d]1 take away1 or impair ! life1 or :at t5ds to ! pres]vation ( ! life1 ! lib]ty1 heal?1 limb1 or goods ( ano!r4 ,sect4 #g4 ,& t all m5 may be re/ra9$ f invad+ o!rs rights1 & f do+ hurt to "o ano!r1 & ! law ( nature be obs]v$1 :i* wille? ! peace & pres]vation ( all mank9d1 ! execution ( ! law ( nature is1 9 t /ate1 put into e man's h&s1 :]eby e "o has a "r to puni% ! transgressors ( t law to su* a degree1 z may h9d] its violation3 = ! law ( nature w\ld1 z all o!r laws t conc]n m5 9 ?is _w be 9 va91 if !re 7 no body t 9 ! /ate ( nature _h a p[] to execute t law1 & !reby pres]ve ! innoc5t & re/ra9 (f5d]s4 ,& if any "o 9 ! /ate ( nature may puni% ano!r = any evil he has done1 e "o may d s3 = 9 t /ate ( p]fect equality1 :]e naturally !re is no sup]iority or jurisdiction ( "o ov] ano!r1 :at any may d 9 prosecution ( t law1 e "o mu/ ne$s h a "r to d4 ,sect4 #h4 ,& ?us1 9 ! /ate ( nature1 "o man comes by a p[] ov] ano!r2 b yet no absolute or arbitr>y p[]1 to use a crim9al1 :5 he has got him 9 8 h&s1 accord+ to ! passionate heats1 or b\ndless extravagancy ( 8 own w2 b only to retribute to him1 s f> z calm reason & consci5ce dictate1 :at is proportionate to 8 transgression1 :i* is s mu* z may s]ve = rep>ation & re/ra9t3 = ^! two are ! only reasons1 :y "o man may lawfully d h>m to ano!r1 :i* is t we call puni%m5t4 ,9 transgress+ ! law ( nature1 ! (f5d] decl>es himself to live by ano!r rule ?an t ( reason & common equity1 :i* is t measure ,god has set to ! actions ( m51 = _! mutual security2 & s he becomes dang]\s to mank9d1 ! tye1 :i* is to secure !m f injury & viol5ce1 be+ slight$ & brok5 by him4 ,:i* be+ a trespass aga9/ ! :ole species1 & ! peace & safety ( x1 provid$ = by ! law ( nature1 e man ^u ?is score1 by ! "r he ha? to pres]ve mank9d 9 g5]al1 may re/ra91 or :]e x is necess>y1 de/roy ?+s noxi\s to !m1 & s may br+ su* evil on any "o1 :o ha? transgress$ t law1 z may make him rep5t ! do+ ( x1 & !reby det] him1 & by 8 example o!rs1 f do+ ! l mis*ief4 ,& 9 ! case1 & ^u ?is gr\nd1 ,,e ,,man ,,ha? ,a ,,"r ,,to ,,puni% ,,! ,,(f5d]1 ,,& ,,be ,,execution] ,,( ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nature4 ,sect4 #i4 ,i d\bt n b ?is w seem a v /range doctr9e to "s m53 b be=e !y condemn x1 ,i desire !m to resolve me1 by :at "r any pr9ce or /ate c put to dea?1 or puni% an ali51 = any crime he commits 9 _! c\ntry4 ,x is c]ta9 _! laws1 by virtue ( any sanction !y receive f ! promulgat$ w ( ! legislative1 rea* n a /rang]3 !y speak n to him1 nor1 if !y did1 is he b\nd to he>k5 to !m4 ,! legislative au?ority1 by :i* !y are 9 =ce ov] ! subjects ( t commonweal?1 ha? no p[] ov] him4 ,^? :o h ! supreme p[] ( mak+ laws 9 ,engl&1 ,france or ,holl&1 are to an ,indian1 b l ! re/ ( ! _w1 m5 )\t au?ority3 & !re=e1 if by ! law ( nature e man ha? n a p[] to puni% (f5ces aga9/ x1 z he sob]ly judges ! case to require1 ,i see n h[ ! magi/rates ( any community c puni% an ali5 ( ano!r c\ntry2 s9ce1 9 ref]5ce to him1 !y c h no m p[] ?an :at e man naturally may h ov] ano!r4 ,sect1 #aj4 ,besides ! crime :i* consi/s 9 violat+ ! law1 & v>y+ f ! "r rule ( reason1 :]eby a man s f> becomes deg5]ate1 & decl>es himself to quit ! pr9ciples ( human nature1 & to be a noxi\s creature1 !re is commonly injury done to "s p]son or o!r1 & "s o!r man receives damage by 8 transgression3 9 :i* case he :o ha? receiv$ any damage1 has1 besides ! "r ( puni%m5t common to him ) o!r m51 a p>ticul> "r to seek rep>ation f him t has done x3 & any o!r p]son1 :o f9ds x j1 may also jo9 ) him t is injur$1 & assi/ him 9 recov]+ f ! (f5d] s mu* z may make satisfaction = ! h>m he has suff]$4 ,sect4 #aa4 ,f ^! two di/9ct rights1 ! "o ( puni%+ ! crime = re/ra9t1 & prev5t+ ! l (f5ce1 :i* "r ( puni%+ is 9 e body2 ! o!r ( tak+ rep>ation1 :i* belongs only to ! injur$ p>ty1 comes x to pass t ! magi/rate1 :o by be+ magi/rate ha? ! common "r ( puni%+ put into 8 h&s1 c (t51 :]e ! public good dem&s n ! execution ( ! law1 remit ! puni%m5t ( crim9al (f5ces by 8 own au?ority1 b yet _c remit ! satisfaction due to any private man = ! damage he has receiv$4 ,t1 he :o has suff]$ ! damage has a "r to dem& 9 8 own "n1 & he alone c remit3 ! damnifi$ p]son has ?is p[] ( appropriat+ to himself ! goods or s]vice ( ! (f5d]1 by "r ( self-pres]vation1 z e man has a p[] to puni% ! crime1 to prev5t its be+ committ$ aga91 by ! "r he has ( pres]v+ all mank9d1 & do+ all reasonable ?+s he c 9 ord] to t end3 & ?us x is1 t e man1 9 ! /ate ( nature1 has a p[] to kill a murd]]1 bo? to det] o!rs f do+ ! l injury1 :i* no rep>ation c comp5sate1 by ! example ( ! puni%m5t t att5ds x f e body1 & also to secure m5 f ! attempts ( a crim9al1 :o hav+ r5\nc$ reason1 ! common rule & measure ,god ha? giv5 to mank9d1 ha?1 by ! unju/ viol5ce & slaught] he ha? committ$ ^u "o1 decl>$ w> aga9/ all mank9d1 & !re=e may be de/roy$ z a lion or a tyg]1 "o ( ^? wild savage bea/s1 ) :om m5 c h no society nor security3 & ^u ?is is gr\nd$ t great law ( nature1 ,:oso %$de? man's blood1 by man %all 8 blood be %$4 ,& ,ca9 0 s fully conv9c$1 t e "o _h a "r to de/roy su* a crim9al1 t aft] ! murd] ( 8 bro!r1 he cries out1 ,e "o t f9de? me1 %all slay me2 s pla9 0 x writ 9 ! he>ts ( all mank9d4 ,sect4 #ab4 ,by ! same reason may a man 9 ! /ate ( nature puni% ! less] brea*es ( t law4 ,x w p]haps be dem&$1 ) dea?8 ,i answ]1 ea* transgression may be puni%$ to t degree1 & ) s mu* sev]ity1 z w suffice to make x an ill b>ga9 to ! (f5d]1 give him cause to rep5t1 & t]rify o!rs f do+ ! l4 ,e (f5ce1 t c be committ$ 9 ! /ate ( nature1 may 9 ! /ate ( nature be also puni%$ equally1 & z f> =? z x may1 9 a commonweal?3 = ?\gh x w\ld be besides my pres5t purpose1 to ent] "h into ! p>ticul>s ( ! law ( nature1 or its measures ( puni%m5t2 yet1 x is c]ta9 !re is su* a law1 & t too1 z intelligible & pla9 to a rational creature1 & a /udi] ( t law1 z ! positive laws ( commonweal?s2 nay1 possibly pla9]2 z mu* z reason is easi] to be und]/ood1 ?an ! fancies & intricate contrivances ( m51 foll[+ contr>y & hidd5 int]e/s put into words2 = s truly are a great "p ( ! municipal laws ( c\ntries1 :i* are only s f> "r1 z !y are f\nd$ on ! law ( nature1 by :i* !y are to be regulat$ & int]pret$4 ,sect4 #ac4 ,to ?is /range doctr9e1 viz4 ,t 9 ! /ate ( nature e "o has ! executive p[] ( ! law ( nature1 ,i d\bt n b x w be object$1 t x is unreasonable = m5 to be judges 9 _! own cases1 t self-love w make m5 p>tial to !mselves & _! fri5ds3 & on ! o!r side1 t ill nature1 passion & rev5ge w c>ry !m too f> 9 puni%+ o!rs2 & h5ce no?+ b confusion & disord] w foll[1 & t !re=e ,god ha? c]ta9ly appo9t$ gov]nm5t to re/ra9 ! p>tiality & viol5ce ( m54 ,i easily grant1 t civil gov]nm5t is ! prop] rem$y = ! inconv5i5cies ( ! /ate ( nature1 :i* mu/ c]ta9ly be great1 :]e m5 may be judges 9 _! own case1 s9ce x is easy to be imag9$1 t he :o 0 s unju/ z to d 8 bro!r an injury1 w sc>ce be s j z to condemn himself = x3 b ,i %all desire ^? :o make ?is objection1 to rememb]1 t absolute mon>*s are b m52 & if gov]nm5t is to be ! rem$y ( ^? evils1 :i* necess>ily foll[ f m5's be+ judges 9 _! own cases1 & ! /ate ( nature is !re=e n to be endur$1 ,i desire to "k :at k9d ( gov]nm5t t is1 & h[ mu* bett] x is ?an ! /ate ( nature1 :]e "o man1 comm&+ a multitude1 has ! lib]ty to be judge 9 8 own case1 & may d to all 8 subjects :atev] he pleases1 )\t ! lea/ lib]ty to any "o to "q or contr\l ^? :o execute 8 pleasure8 & 9 :atsoev] he do?1 :e!r l$ by reason1 mi/ake or passion1 mu/ be submitt$ to8 mu* bett] x is 9 ! /ate ( nature1 :]e9 m5 are n b\nd to submit to ! unju/ w ( ano!r3 & if he t judges1 judges amiss 9 8 own1 or any o!r case1 he is answ]able = x to ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,sect4 #ad4 ,x is (t5 ask$ z a mighty objection1 :]e are1 or ev] 7 !re any m5 9 su* a /ate ( nature8 ,to :i* x may suffice z an answ] at pres5t1 t s9ce all pr9ces & rul]s ( indep5d5t gov]nm5ts all ?r\gh ! _w1 are 9 a /ate ( nature1 x is pla9 ! _w nev] 01 nor ev] w be1 )\t numb]s ( m5 9 t /ate4 ,i h nam$ all gov]nors ( indep5d5t communities1 :e!r !y are1 or are n1 9 league ) o!rs3 = x is n e compact t puts an end to ! /ate ( nature betwe5 m51 b only ?is "o ( agree+ toge!r mutually to ent] into "o community1 & make "o body politic2 o!r promises1 & compacts1 m5 may make "o ) ano!r1 & yet /ill be 9 ! /ate ( nature4 ,! promises & b>ga9s = truck1 c4 betwe5 ! two m5 9 ! des]t isl&1 m5tion$ by ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 9 8 hi/ory ( ,p]u2 or betwe5 a ,swiss & an ,indian1 9 ! woods ( ,am]ica1 are b9d+ to !m1 ?\gh !y are p]fectly 9 a /ate ( nature1 9 ref]5ce to "o ano!r3 = tru? & keep+ ( fai? belongs to m51 z m51 & n z memb]s ( society4 ,sect4 #ae4 ,to ^? t say1 !re 7 nev] any m5 9 ! /ate ( nature1 ,i w n only oppose ! au?ority ( ! judici\s ,hook]1 ,eccl4 ,pol4 lib4 i4 sect4 #aj1 :]e he says1 _/ ,! laws :i* h be5 hi!rto m5tion$1 i4e4 ! laws ( nature1 d b9d m5 absolutely1 ev5 z !y are m51 al?\gh !y h nev] any settl$ fell[%ip1 nev] any solemn agreem5t among/ !mselves :at to d1 or n to d3 b =asmu* z we are n by ourselves suffici5t to furni% ourselves ) compet5t /ore ( ?+s1 ne$ful = su* a life z our nature do? desire1 a life fit = ! dignity ( man2 !re=e to supply ^? defects & imp]fections :i* are 9 u1 z liv+ s+le & solely by ourselves1 we are naturally induc$ to seek communion & fell[%ip ) o!rs3 ?is 0 ! cause ( m5's unit+ !mselves at fir/ 9 politic societies4 _/ ,b ,i moreov] affirm1 t all m5 are naturally 9 t /ate1 & rema9 s1 till by _! own cons5ts !y make !mselves memb]s ( "s politic society2 & ,i d\bt n 9 ! sequel ( ?is disc\rse1 to make x v cle>4 ,,*apt]4 ,,iii4 ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,w>4 ,sect4 #af4 ,,! /ate ( w> is a /ate ( enmity & de/ruction3 & !re=e decl>+ by ^w or action1 n a passionate & ha/y1 b a s$ate settl$ design ^u ano!r man's life1 puts him 9 a /ate ( w> ) him aga9/ :om he has decl>$ su* an int5tion1 & s has expos$ 8 life to ! o!r's p[] to be tak5 away by him1 or any "o t jo9s ) him 9 8 def5ce1 & esp\ses 8 qu>rel2 x be+ reasonable & j1 ,i %\ld h a "r to de/roy t :i* ?reat5s me ) de/ruction3 =1 by ! fundam5tal law ( nature1 man be+ to be pres]v$ z mu* z possible1 :5 all _c be pres]v$1 ! safety ( ! innoc5t is to be pref]r$3 & "o may de/roy a man :o makes w> ^u him1 or has discov]$ an enmity to 8 be+1 = ! same reason t he may kill a wolf or a lion2 because su* m5 are n "u ! ties ( ! commonlaw ( reason1 h no o!r rule1 b t ( =ce & viol5ce1 & s may be treat$ z bea/s ( prey1 ^? dang]\s & noxi\s creatures1 t w be sure to de/roy him :5ev] he falls into _! p[]4 ,sect4 #ag4 ,& h5ce x is1 t he :o attempts to get ano!r man into 8 absolute p[]1 does !reby put himself into a /ate ( w> ) him2 x be+ to be und]/ood z a decl>ation ( a design ^u 8 life3 = ,i h reason to conclude1 t he :o w\ld get me into 8 p[] )\t my cons5t1 w\ld use me z he pleas$ :5 he _h got me !re1 & de/roy me too :5 he _h a fancy to x2 = no body c desire to h me 9 8 absolute p[]1 unless x be to compel me by =ce to t :i* is aga9/ ! "r ( my fre$om1 i4e4 make me a slave4 ,to be free f su* =ce is ! only security ( my pres]vation2 & reason bids me look on him1 z an enemy to my pres]vation1 :o w\ld take away t fre$om :i* is ! f5ce to x2 s t he :o makes an attempt to enslave me1 !reby puts himself into a /ate ( w> ) me4 ,he t1 9 ! /ate ( nature1 w\ld take away ! fre$om t belongs to any "o 9 t /ate1 mu/ necess>ily be suppos$ to h a design to take away e ?+ else1 t fre$om be+ ! f\ndation ( all ! re/2 z he t1 9 ! /ate ( society1 w\ld take away ! fre$om belong+ to ^? ( t society or commonweal?1 mu/ be suppos$ to design to take away f !m e ?+ else1 & s be look$ on z 9 a /ate ( w>4 ,sect4 #ah4 ,?is makes x lawful = a man to kill a ?ief1 :o has n 9 ! lea/ hurt him1 nor decl>$ any design ^u 8 life1 any f>!r ?an1 by ! use ( =ce1 s to get him 9 8 p[]1 z to take away 8 money1 or :at he pleases1 f him2 because us+ =ce1 :]e he has no "r1 to get me into 8 p[]1 let 8 pret5ce be :at x w1 ,i h no reason to suppose1 t he1 :o w\ld take away my lib]ty1 w\ld n1 :5 he _h me 9 8 p[]1 take away e ?+ else4 ,& !re=e x is lawful = me to treat him z "o :o has put himself into a /ate ( w> ) me1 i4e4 kill him if ,i c2 = to t haz>d does he ju/ly expose himself1 :oev] introduces a /ate ( w>1 & is aggressor 9 x4 ,sect4 #ai4 ,& "h we h ! pla9 diff]5ce betwe5 ! /ate ( nature & ! /ate ( w>1 :i* h[ev] "s m5 h conf\nd$1 are z f> di/ant1 z a /ate ( peace1 good w1 mutual assi/ance & pres]vation1 & a /ate ( enmity1 malice1 viol5ce & mutual de/ruction1 are "o f ano!r4 ,m5 liv+ toge!r accord+ to reason1 )\t a common sup]ior on e>?1 ) au?ority to judge betwe5 !m1 is prop]ly ! /ate ( nature4 ,b =ce1 or a decl>$ design ( =ce1 ^u ! p]son ( ano!r1 :]e !re is no common sup]ior on e>? to appeal to = relief1 is ! /ate ( w>3 & x is ! want ( su* an appeal gives a man ! "r ( w> ev5 aga9/ an aggressor1 ?o' he be 9 society & a fell[ subject4 ,?us a ?ief1 :om ,i _c h>m1 b by appeal to ! law1 = hav+ /ol5 all t ,i am wor?1 ,i may kill1 :5 he sets on me to rob me b ( my horse or coat2 because ! law1 :i* 0 made = my pres]vation1 :]e x _c int]pose to secure my life f pres5t =ce1 :i*1 if lo/1 is capable ( no rep>ation1 p]mits me my own def5ce1 & ! "r ( w>1 a lib]ty to kill ! aggressor1 because ! aggressor all[s n "t to appeal to our common judge1 nor ! decision ( ! law1 = rem$y 9 a case :]e ! mis*ief may be irrep>able4 ,want ( a common judge ) au?ority1 puts all m5 9 a /ate ( nature3 =ce )\t "r1 ^u a man's p]son1 makes a /ate ( w>1 bo? :]e !re is1 & is n1 a common judge4 ,sect4 #bj4 ,b :5 ! actual =ce is ov]1 ! /ate ( w> ceases betwe5 ^? t are 9 society1 & are equally on bo? sides subject$ to ! fair det]m9ation ( ! law2 because !n !re lies op5 ! rem$y ( appeal = ! pa/ injury1 & to prev5t future h>m3 b :]e no su* appeal is1 z 9 ! /ate ( nature1 = want ( positive laws1 & judges ) au?ority to appeal to1 ! /ate ( w> once begun1 cont9ues1 ) a "r to ! innoc5t p>ty to de/roy ! o!r :5ev] he c1 until ! aggressor (f]s peace1 & desires reconciliation on su* t]ms z may repair any wrongs he has already done1 & secure ! innoc5t = ! future2 nay1 :]e an appeal to ! law1 & con/itut$ judges1 lies op51 b ! rem$y is d5i$ by a manife/ p]v]t+ ( ju/ice1 & a b>efac$ wre/+ ( ! laws to protect or indemnify ! viol5ce or injuries ( "s m51 or p>ty ( m51 !re x is h>d to imag9e any ?+ b a /ate ( w>3 = :]ev] viol5ce is us$1 & injury done1 ?\gh by h&s appo9t$ to adm9i/] ju/ice1 x is /ill viol5ce & injury1 h[ev] col\r$ ) ! "n1 pret5ces1 or =ms ( law1 ! end :]e( be+ to protect & r$ress ! innoc5t1 by an unbiass$ application ( x1 to all :o are "u x2 :]ev] t is n bona fide done1 w> is made ^u ! suff]]s1 :o hav+ no appeal on e>? to "r !m1 !y are left to ! only rem$y 9 su* cases1 an appeal to heav54 ,sect4 #ba4 ,to avoid ?is /ate ( w> 7:]e9 !re is no appeal b to heav51 & :]e9 e ! lea/ diff]5ce is apt to end1 :]e !re is no au?ority to decide betwe5 ! cont5d]s7 is "o great reason ( m5's putt+ !mselves into society1 & quitt+ ! /ate ( nature3 = :]e !re is an au?ority1 a p[] on e>?1 f :i* relief c be _h by appeal1 !re ! cont9uance ( ! /ate ( w> is exclud$1 & ! controv]sy is decid$ by t p[]4 ,_h !re be5 any su* c\rt1 any sup]ior jurisdiction on e>?1 to det]m9e ! "r betwe5 ,jeph?a & ! ,ammonites1 !y _h nev] come to a /ate ( w>3 b we see he 0 =c$ to appeal to heav54 ,! ,"l ! ,judge 7says he7 be judge ?is day betwe5 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel & ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon1 ,judg4 xi4 #bg4 & !n prosecut+1 & rely+ on 8 appeal1 he leads out 8 army to battle3 & !re=e 9 su* controv]sies1 :]e ! "q is put1 :o %all be judge8 ,x _c be meant1 :o %all decide ! controv]sy2 e "o kn[s :at ,jeph?a "h tells u1 t ! ,"l ! ,judge %all judge4 ,:]e !re is no judge on e>?1 ! appeal lies to ,god 9 heav54 ,t "q !n _c mean1 :o %all judge1 :e!r ano!r ha? put himself 9 a /ate ( w> ) me1 & :e!r ,i may1 z ,jeph?a did1 appeal to heav5 9 x8 ( t ,i myself c only be judge 9 my own consci5ce1 z ,i w answ] x1 at ! great day1 to ! supreme judge ( all m54 ,,*apt]4 ,,iv4 ,,( ,,slav]y4 ,sect4 #bb4 ,,! natural lib]ty ( man is to be free f any sup]ior p[] on e>?1 & n to be "u ! w or legislative au?ority ( man1 b to h only ! law ( nature = 8 rule4 ,! lib]ty ( man1 9 society1 is to be "u no o!r legislative p[]1 b t e/abli%$1 by cons5t1 9 ! commonweal?2 nor "u ! dom9ion ( any w1 or re/ra9t ( any law1 b :at t legislative %all enact1 accord+ to ! tru/ put 9 x4 ,fre$om !n is n :at ,sir ,rob]t ,film] tells u1 ,obs]vations1 ,a4 #ee4 a lib]ty = e "o to d :at he li/s1 to live z he pleases1 & n to be ti$ by any laws3 b fre$om ( m5 "u gov]nm5t is1 to h a /&+ rule to live by1 common to e "o ( t society1 & made by ! legislative p[] erect$ 9 x2 a lib]ty to foll[ my own w 9 all ?+s1 :]e ! rule prescribes n2 & n to be subject to ! incon/ant1 unc]ta91 unkn[n1 arbitr>y w ( ano!r man3 z fre$om ( nature is1 to be "u no o!r re/ra9t b ! law ( nature4 ,sect4 #bc4 ,?is fre$om f absolute1 arbitr>y p[]1 is s necess>y to1 & closely jo9$ ) a man's pres]vation1 t he _c "p ) x1 b by :at =feits 8 pres]vation & life toge!r3 = a man1 n hav+ ! p[] ( 8 own life1 _c1 by compact1 or 8 own cons5t1 enslave himself to any "o1 nor put himself "u ! absolute1 arbitr>y p[] ( ano!r1 to take away 8 life1 :5 he pleases4 ,no body c give m p[] ?an he has himself2 & he t _c take away 8 own life1 _c give ano!r p[] ov] x4 ,inde$1 hav+ by 8 fault =feit$ 8 own life1 by "s act t des]ves dea?2 he1 to :om he has =feit$ x1 may 7:5 he has him 9 8 p[]7 delay to take x1 & make use ( him to 8 own s]vice1 & he does him no injury by x3 =1 :5ev] he f9ds ! h>d%ip ( 8 slav]y outweigh ! value ( 8 life1 x is 9 8 p[]1 by resi/+ ! w ( 8 ma/]1 to draw on himself ! dea? he desires4 ,sect4 #bd4 ,?is is ! p]fect condition ( slav]y1 :i* is no?+ else1 b ! /ate ( w> cont9u$1 betwe5 a lawful conqu]or & a captive3 =1 if once compact ent] betwe5 !m1 & make an agreem5t = a limit$ p[] on ! "o side1 & ob$i5ce on ! o!r1 ! /ate ( w> & slav]y ceases1 z long z ! compact endures3 =1 z has be5 said1 no man c1 by agreem5t1 pass ov] to ano!r t :i* he ha? n 9 himself1 a p[] ov] 8 own life4 ,i confess1 we f9d among ! ,jews1 z well z o!r nations1 t m5 did sell !mselves2 b1 x is pla91 ?is 0 only to drudg]y1 n to slav]y3 =1 x is evid5t1 ! p]son sold 0 n "u an absolute1 arbitr>y1 despotical p[]3 = ! ma/] c\ld n h p[] to kill him1 at any "t1 :om1 at a c]ta9 "t1 he 0 oblig$ to let g free out ( 8 s]vice2 & ! ma/] ( su* a s]vant 0 s f> f hav+ an arbitr>y p[] ov] 8 life1 t he c\ld n1 at pleasure1 s mu* z maim him1 b ! loss ( an eye1 or too?1 set him free1 ,exod4 xxi4 ,,*apt]4 ,v4 ,,( ,,prop]ty4 ,sect4 #be4 ,:e!r we consid] natural reason1 :i* tells u1 t m51 be+ once born1 h a "r to _! pres]vation1 & consequ5tly to meat & dr9k1 & su* o!r ?+s z nature af=ds = _! subsi/5ce3 or revelation1 :i* gives u an acc\nt ( ^? grants ,god made ( ! _w to ,adam1 & to ,noah1 & 8 sons1 x is v cle>1 t ,god1 z k+ ,david says1 ,psal4 cxv4 #af4 has giv5 ! e>? to ! *ildr5 ( m52 giv5 x to mank9d 9 common4 ,b ?is be+ suppos$1 x seems to "s a v great difficulty1 h[ any "o %\ld ev] come to h a prop]ty 9 any ?+3 ,i w n cont5t myself to answ]1 t if x be difficult to make out prop]ty1 ^u a supposition t ,god gave ! _w to ,adam1 & 8 po/]ity 9 common1 x is impossible t any man1 b "o univ]sal mon>*1 %\ld h any prop]ty ^u a supposition1 t ,god gave ! _w to ,adam1 & 8 heirs 9 succession1 exclusive ( all ! re/ ( 8 po/]ity4 ,b ,i %all endeav\r to %ew1 h[ m5 might come to h a prop]ty 9 sev]al p>ts ( t :i* ,god gave to mank9d 9 common1 & t )\t any express compact ( all ! common]s4 ,sect4 #bf4 ,god1 :o ha? giv5 ! _w to m5 9 common1 ha? also giv5 !m reason to make use ( x to ! be/ advantage ( life1 & conv5i5ce4 ,! e>?1 & all t is !re91 is giv5 to m5 = ! support & com=t ( _! be+4 ,& ?o' all ! fruits x naturally produces1 & bea/s x fe$s1 belong to mank9d 9 common1 z !y are produc$ by ! spontane\s h& ( nature2 & no body has orig9ally a private dom9ion1 exclusive ( ! re/ ( mank9d1 9 any ( !m1 z !y are ?us 9 _! natural /ate3 yet be+ giv5 = ! use ( m51 !re mu/ ( necessity be a means to appropriate !m "s way or o!r1 be=e !y c be ( any use1 or at all b5eficial to any p>ticul> man4 ,! fruit1 or v5ison1 :i* n\ri%es ! wild ,indian1 :o kn[s no enclosure1 & is /ill a t5ant 9 common1 mu/ be 81 & s 81 i4e4 a "p ( him1 t ano!r c no long] h any "r to x1 be=e x c d him any good = ! support ( 8 life4 ,sect4 #bg4 ,?\gh ! e>?1 & all inf]ior creatures1 be common to all m51 yet e man has a prop]ty 9 8 own p]son3 ?is no body has any "r to b himself4 ,! lab\r ( 8 body1 & ! "w ( 8 h&s1 we may say1 are prop]ly 84 ,:atsoev] !n he removes out ( ! /ate t nature ha? provid$1 & left x 91 he ha? mix$ 8 lab\r )1 & jo9$ to x some?+ t is 8 own1 & !reby makes x 8 prop]ty4 ,x be+ by him remov$ f ! common /ate nature ha? plac$ x 91 x ha? by ?is lab\r some?+ annex$ to x1 t excludes ! common "r ( o!r m53 = ?is lab\r be+ ! unque/ionable prop]ty ( ! lab\r]1 no man b he c h a "r to :at t is once jo9$ to1 at lea/ :]e !re is en\gh1 & z good1 left 9 common = o!rs4 ,sect4 #bh4 ,he t is n\ri%$ by ! acorns he pick$ up "u an oak1 or ! apples he ga!r$ f ! trees 9 ! wood1 has c]ta9ly appropriat$ !m to himself4 ,no body c d5y b ! n\ri%m5t is 84 ,i ask !n1 :5 did !y beg9 to be 88 :5 he dige/$8 or :5 he eat8 or :5 he boil$8 or :5 he br\ght !m home8 or :5 he pick$ !m up8 & x is pla91 if ! fir/ ga!r+ made !m n 81 no?+ else c\ld4 ,t lab\r put a di/9ction betwe5 !m & common3 t add$ some?+ to !m m ?an nature1 ! common "m ( all1 _h done2 & s !y became 8 private "r4 ,& w any "o say1 he _h no "r to ^? acorns or apples1 he ?us appropriat$1 because he _h n ! cons5t ( all mank9d to make !m 88 ,0 x a robb]y ?us to assume to himself :at belong$ to all 9 common8 ,if su* a cons5t z t 0 necess>y1 man _h />v$1 not)/&+ ! pl5ty ,god _h giv5 him4 ,we see 9 commons1 :i* rema9 s by compact1 t x is ! tak+ any "p ( :at is common1 & remov+ x out ( ! /ate nature leaves x 91 :i* beg9s ! prop]ty2 )\t :i* ! common is ( no use4 ,& ! tak+ ( ?is or t "p1 does n dep5d on ! express cons5t ( all ! common]s4 ,?us ! grass my horse has bit2 ! turfs my s]vant has cut2 & ! ore ,i h digg$ 9 any place1 :]e ,i h a "r to !m 9 common ) o!rs1 become my prop]ty1 )\t ! assignation or cons5t ( any body4 ,! lab\r t 0 m9e1 remov+ !m out ( t common /ate !y 7 91 ha? fix$ my prop]ty 9 !m4 ,sect4 #bi4 ,by mak+ an explicit cons5t ( e common]1 necess>y to any "o's appropriat+ to himself any "p ( :at is giv5 9 common1 *ildr5 or s]vants c\ld n cut ! meat1 :i* _! fa!r or ma/] _h provid$ = !m 9 common1 )\t assign+ to e "o 8 peculi> "p4 ,?\gh ! wat] runn+ 9 ! f\nta9 be e "o's1 yet :o c d\bt1 b t 9 ! pit*] is 8 only :o drew x out8 ,8 lab\r ha? tak5 x out ( ! h&s ( nature1 :]e x 0 common1 & belong$ equally to all h] *ildr51 & ha? !reby appropriat$ x to himself4 ,sect4 #cj4 ,?us ?is law ( reason makes ! de] t ,indian's :o ha? kill$ x2 x is all[$ to be 8 goods1 :o ha? be/[$ 8 lab\r ^u x1 ?\gh be=e x 0 ! common "r ( e "o4 ,& among/ ^? :o are c\nt$ ! civiliz$ "p ( mank9d1 :o h made & multipli$ positive laws to det]m9e prop]ty1 ?is orig9al law ( nature1 = ! beg9n+ ( prop]ty1 9 :at 0 be=e common1 /ill takes place2 & by virtue !re(1 :at fi% any "o cat*es 9 ! ocean1 t great & /ill rema9+ common ( mank9d2 or :at amb]grise any "o takes up "h1 is by ! lab\r t removes x out ( t common /ate nature left x 91 made 8 prop]ty1 :o takes t pa9s ab\t x4 ,& ev5 among/ u1 ! h>e t any "o is hunt+1 is ?\ght 8 :o pursues h] dur+ ! *ase3 = be+ a bea/ t is /ill look$ ^u z common1 & no man's private possession2 :oev] has employ$ s mu* lab\r ab\t any ( t k9d1 z to f9d & pursue h]1 has !reby remov$ h] f ! /ate ( nature1 :]e9 %e 0 common1 & ha? begun a prop]ty4 ,sect4 #ca4 ,x w p]haps be object$ to ?is1 t if ga!r+ ! acorns1 or o!r fruits ( ! e>?1 c4 makes a "r to !m1 !n any "o may +ross z mu* z he w4 ,to :i* ,i answ]1 ,n s4 ,! same law ( nature1 t does by ?is means give u prop]ty1 does also b\nd t prop]ty too4 ,god has giv5 u all ?+s ri*ly1 #a ,tim4 vi4 #ab4 is ! voice ( reason confirm$ by inspiration4 ,b h[ f> has he giv5 x u8 ,to enjoy4 ,z mu* z any "o c make use ( to any advantage ( life be=e x spoils1 s mu* he may by 8 lab\r fix a prop]ty 93 :atev] is beyond ?is1 is m ?an 8 %>e1 & belongs to o!rs4 ,no?+ 0 made by ,god = man to spoil or de/roy4 ,& ?us1 consid]+ ! pl5ty ( natural provisions !re 0 a long "t 9 ! _w1 & ! few sp5d]s2 & to h[ small a "p ( t provision ! indu/ry ( "o man c\ld ext5d itself1 & +ross x to ! prejudice ( o!rs2 especially keep+ )9 ! b\nds1 set by reason1 ( :at might s]ve = 8 use2 !re c\ld be !n little room = qu>rels or cont5tions ab\t prop]ty s e/abli%$4 ,sect4 #cb4 ,b ! *ief matt] ( prop]ty be+ n[ n ! fruits ( ! e>?1 & ! bea/s t subsi/ on x1 b ! e>? itself2 z t :i* takes 9 & c>ries ) x all ! re/2 ,i ?9k x is pla91 t prop]ty 9 t too is acquir$ z ! =m]4 ,z mu* l& z a man tills1 plants1 improves1 cultivates1 & c use ! product (1 s mu* is 8 prop]ty4 ,he by 8 lab\r does1 z x 71 inclose x f ! common4 ,nor w x invalidate 8 "r1 to say e body else has an equal title to x2 & !re=e he _c appropriate1 he _c inclose1 )\t ! cons5t ( all 8 fell[-common]s1 all mank9d4 ,god1 :5 he gave ! _w 9 common to all mank9d1 comm&$ man also to lab\r1 & ! p5ury ( 8 condition requir$ x ( him4 ,god & 8 reason comm&$ him to subdue ! e>?1 i4e4 improve x = ! b5efit ( life1 & !re9 lay out some?+ ^u x t 0 8 own1 8 lab\r4 ,he t 9 ob$i5ce to ?is comm& ( ,god1 subdu$1 till$ & s[$ any "p ( x1 !reby annex$ to x some?+ t 0 8 prop]ty1 :i* ano!r _h no title to1 nor c\ld )\t injury take f him4 ,sect4 #cc4 ,nor 0 ?is appropriation ( any p>cel ( l&1 by improv+ x1 any prejudice to any o!r man1 s9ce !re 0 /ill en\gh1 & z good left2 & m ?an ! yet unprovid$ c\ld use4 ,s t1 9 effect1 !re 0 nev] ! less left = o!rs because ( 8 enclosure = himself3 = he t leaves z mu* z ano!r c make use (1 does z good z take no?+ at all4 ,no body c\ld ?9k himself injur$ by ! dr9k+ ( ano!r man1 ?\gh he took a good draught1 :o _h a :ole riv] ( ! same wat] left him to qu5* 8 ?ir/3 & ! case ( l& & wat]1 :]e !re is en\gh ( bo?1 is p]fectly ! same4 ,sect4 #cd4 ,god gave ! _w to m5 9 common2 b s9ce he gave x !m = _! b5efit1 & ! greate/ conv5i5cies ( life !y 7 capable to draw f x1 x _c be suppos$ he meant x %\ld always rema9 common & uncultivat$4 ,he gave x to ! use ( ! indu/ri\s & rational1 7& lab\r 0 to be 8 title to x27 n to ! fancy or covet\sness ( ! qu>relsome & cont5ti\s4 ,he t _h z good left = 8 improvem5t1 z 0 already tak5 up1 ne$$ n compla91 ought n to m$dle ) :at 0 already improv$ by ano!r's lab\r3 if he did1 x is pla9 he desir$ ! b5efit ( ano!r's pa9s1 :i* he _h no "r to1 & n ! gr\nd :i* ,god _h giv5 him 9 common ) o!rs to lab\r on1 & :]e( !re 0 z good left1 z t already possess$1 & m ?an he knew :at to d )1 or 8 indu/ry c\ld rea* to4 ,sect4 #ce4 ,x is true1 9 l& t is common 9 ,engl&1 or any o!r c\ntry1 :]e !re is pl5ty ( p "u gov]nm5t1 :o h money & comm]ce1 no "o c inclose or appropriate any "p1 )\t ! cons5t ( all 8 fell[-common]s2 because ?is is left common by compact1 i4e4 by ! law ( ! l&1 :i* is n to be violat$4 ,& ?\gh x be common1 9 respect ( "s m51 x is n s to all mank9d2 b is ! jo9t prop]ty ( ?is c\ntry1 or ?is p>i%4 ,besides1 ! rema9d]1 aft] su* enclosure1 w\ld n be z good to ! re/ ( ! common]s1 z ! :ole 0 :5 !y c\ld all make use ( ! :ole2 :]eas 9 ! beg9n+ & fir/ peopl+ ( ! great common ( ! _w1 x 0 q o!rwise4 ,! law man 0 "u1 0 r = appropriat+4 ,god comm&$1 & 8 wants =c$ him to lab\r4 ,t 0 8 prop]ty :i* c\ld n be tak5 f him :]e-ev] he _h fix$ x4 ,& h5ce subdu+ or cultivat+ ! e>?1 & hav+ dom9ion1 we see are jo9$ toge!r4 ,! "o gave title to ! o!r4 ,s t ,god1 by comm&+ to subdue1 gave au?ority s f> to appropriate3 & ! condition ( human life1 :i* requires lab\r & mat]ials to "w on1 necess>ily introduces private possessions4 ,sect4 #cf4 ,! measure ( prop]ty nature has well set by ! ext5t ( m5's lab\r & ! conv5i5cies ( life3 no man's lab\r c\ld subdue1 or appropriate all2 nor c\ld 8 enjoym5t consume m ?an a small "p2 s t x 0 impossible = any man1 ?is way1 to intr5* ^u ! "r ( ano!r1 or acquire to himself a prop]ty1 to ! prejudice ( 8 neighb\r1 :o w\ld /ill h room = z good1 & z l>ge a possession 7aft] ! o!r _h tak5 out 87 z be=e x 0 appropriat$4 ,?is measure did conf9e e man's possession to a v mod]ate proportion1 & su* z he might appropriate to himself1 )\t injury to any body1 9 ! fir/ ages ( ! _w1 :5 m5 7 m 9 dang] to be lo/1 by w&]+ f _! company1 9 ! !n va/ wild]ness ( ! e>?1 ?an to be /rait5$ = want ( room to plant 94 ,& ! same measure may be all[$ /ill )\t prejudice to any body1 z full z ! _w seems3 = suppos+ a man1 or family1 9 ! /ate !y 7 at fir/ peopl+ ( ! _w by ! *ildr5 ( ,adam1 or ,noah2 let him plant 9 "s inl&1 vacant places ( ,am]ica1 we %all f9d t ! possessions he c\ld make himself1 ^u ! measures we h giv51 w\ld n be v l>ge1 nor1 ev5 to ?is day1 prejudice ! re/ ( mank9d1 or give !m reason to compla91 or ?9k !mselves injur$ by ?is man's incroa*m5t1 ?\gh ! race ( m5 h n[ spread !mselves to all ! corn]s ( ! _w1 & d inf9itely exce$ ! small numb] 0 at ! beg9n+4 ,nay1 ! ext5t ( gr\nd is ( s little value1 )\t lab\r1 t ,i h he>d x affirm$1 t 9 ,spa9 itself a man may be p]mitt$ to pl\gh1 s[ & reap1 )\t be+ di/urb$1 ^u l& he has no o!r title to1 b only 8 mak+ use ( x4 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 ! inhabitants ?9k !mselves behold5 to him1 :o1 by 8 indu/ry on neglect$1 & consequ5tly wa/e l&1 has increas$ ! /ock ( corn1 :i* !y want$4 ,b be ?is z x w1 :i* ,i lay no /ress on2 ?is ,i d>e boldly affirm1 t ! same rule ( propriety1 7viz47 t e man %\ld h z mu* z he c\ld make use (1 w\ld hold /ill 9 ! _w1 )\t /rait5+ any body2 s9ce !re is l& en\gh 9 ! _w to suffice d\ble ! inhabitants1 _h n ! inv5tion ( money1 & ! tacit agreem5t ( m5 to put a value on x1 introduc$ 7by cons5t7 l>g] possessions1 & a "r to !m2 :i*1 h[ x has done1 ,i %all by & by %ew m at l>ge4 ,sect4 #cg4 ,?is is c]ta91 t 9 ! beg9n+1 be=e ! desire ( hav+ m ?an man ne$$ _h alt]$ ! intr9sic value ( ?+s1 :i* dep5ds only on _! usefulness to ! life ( man2 or _h agre$1 t a little piece ( yell[ metal1 :i* w\ld keep )\t wa/+ or decay1 %\ld be wor? a great piece ( fle%1 or a :ole heap ( corn2 ?\gh m5 _h a "r to appropriate1 by _! lab\r1 ea* "o ( himself1 z mu* ( ! ?+s ( nature1 z he c\ld use3 yet ?is c\ld n be mu*1 nor to ! prejudice ( o!rs1 :]e ! same pl5ty 0 /ill left to ^? :o w\ld use ! same indu/ry4 ,to :i* let me add1 t he :o appropriates l& to himself by 8 lab\r1 does n less51 b increase ! common /ock ( mank9d3 = ! provisions s]v+ to ! support ( human life1 produc$ by "o acre ( inclos$ & cultivat$ l&1 are 7to speak mu* )9 compass7 t5 times m ?an ^? :i* are yield$ by an acre ( l& ( an equal ri*ness ly+ wa/e 9 common4 ,& !re=e he t incloses l&1 & has a great] pl5ty ( ! conv5i5cies ( life f t5 acres1 ?an he c\ld h f an hundr$ left to nature1 may truly be said to give n9ety acres to mank9d3 = 8 lab\r n[ supplies him ) provisions out ( t5 acres1 :i* 7 b ! product ( an hundr$ ly+ 9 common4 ,i h "h rat$ ! improv$ l& v l[1 9 mak+ its product b z t5 to "o1 :5 x is mu* ne>] an hundr$ to "o3 = ,i ask1 :e!r 9 ! wild woods & uncultivat$ wa/e ( ,am]ica1 left to nature1 )\t any improvem5t1 tillage or husb&ry1 a ?\s& acres yield ! ne$y & wret*$ inhabitants z _m conv5i5cies ( life1 z t5 acres ( equally f]tile l& d 9 ,devon%ire1 :]e !y are well cultivat$8 ,be=e ! appropriation ( l&1 he :o ga!r$ z mu* ( ! wild fruit1 kill$1 caught1 or tam$1 z _m ( ! bea/s1 z he c\ld2 he t s imploy$ 8 pa9s ab\t any ( ! spontane\s products ( nature1 z any way to alt] !m f ! /ate :i* nature put !m 91 by plac+ any ( 8 lab\r on !m1 did !reby acquire a propriety 9 !m3 b if !y p]i%$1 9 8 possession1 )\t _! due use2 if ! fruits rott$1 or ! v5ison putrifi$1 be=e he c\ld sp5d x1 he (f5d$ aga9/ ! common law ( nature1 & 0 liable to be puni%$2 he invad$ 8 neighb\r's %>e1 = he _h no "r1 f>!r ?an 8 use call$ = any ( !m1 & !y might s]ve to af=d him conv5i5cies ( life4 ,sect4 #ch4 ,! same measures gov]n$ ! possession ( l& too3 :atsoev] he till$ & reap$1 laid up & made use (1 be=e x spoil$1 t 0 8 peculi> "r2 :atsoev] he enclos$1 & c\ld fe$1 & make use (1 ! cattle & product 0 also 84 ,b if ei!r ! grass ( 8 enclosure rott$ on ! gr\nd1 or ! fruit ( 8 plant+ p]i%$ )\t ga!r+1 & lay+ up1 ?is "p ( ! e>?1 not)/&+ 8 enclosure1 0 /ill to be look$ on z wa/e1 & might be ! possession ( any o!r4 ,?us1 at ! beg9n+1 ,ca9 might take z mu* gr\nd z he c\ld till1 & make x 8 own l&1 & yet leave en\gh to ,abel's %eep to fe$ on2 a few acres w\ld s]ve = bo? _! possessions4 ,b z families increas$1 & indu/ry inl>g$ _! /ocks1 _! possessions inl>g$ ) ! ne$ ( !m2 b yet x 0 commonly )\t any fix$ prop]ty 9 ! gr\nd !y made use (1 till !y incorporat$1 settl$ !mselves toge!r1 & built cities2 & !n1 by cons5t1 !y came 9 "t1 to set out ! b\nds ( _! di/9ct t]ritories1 & agree on limits betwe5 !m & _! neighb\rs2 & by laws )9 !mselves1 settl$ ! prop]ties ( ^? ( ! same society3 = we see1 t 9 t "p ( ! _w :i* 0 fir/ inhabit$1 & !re=e l to be be/ peopl$1 ev5 z l[ d[n z ,abraham's "t1 !y w&]$ ) _! flocks1 & _! h]ds1 :i* 0 _! sub/ance1 freely up & d[n2 & ?is ,abraham did1 9 a c\ntry :]e he 0 a /rang]4 ,:5ce x is pla91 t at lea/ a great "p ( ! l& lay 9 common2 t ! inhabitants valu$ x n1 nor claim$ prop]ty 9 any m ?an !y made use (4 ,b :5 !re 0 n room en\gh 9 ! same place1 = _! h]ds to fe$ toge!r1 !y by cons5t1 z ,abraham & ,lot did1 ,g54 xiii4 #e4 sep>at$ & inl>g$ _! pa/ure1 :]e x be/ lik$ !m4 ,& = ! same reason ,esau w5t f 8 fa!r1 & 8 bro!r1 & plant$ 9 m\nt ,seir1 ,g54 xxxvi4 #f4 ,sect4 #ci4 ,& ?us1 )\t suppos+ any private dom9ion1 & prop]ty 9 ,adam1 ov] all ! _w1 exclusive ( all o!r m51 :i* c no way be prov$1 nor any "o's prop]ty be made out f x2 b suppos+ ! _w giv51 z x 01 to ! *ildr5 ( m5 9 common1 we see h[ lab\r c\ld make m5 di/9ct titles to sev]al p>cels ( x1 = _! private uses2 :]e9 !re c\ld be no d\bt ( "r1 no room = qu>rel4 ,sect4 #dj4 ,nor is x s /range1 z p]haps be=e consid]ation x may appe>1 t ! prop]ty ( lab\r %\ld be able to ov]-balance ! community ( l&3 = x is lab\r inde$ t puts ! diff]5ce ( value on e ?+2 & let any "o consid] :at ! diff]5ce is betwe5 an acre ( l& plant$ ) tobacco or sug>1 s[n ) :eat or b>ley1 & an acre ( ! same l& ly+ 9 common1 )\t any husb&ry ^u x1 & he w f9d1 t ! improvem5t ( lab\r makes ! f> great] "p ( ! value4 ,i ?9k x w be b a v mode/ computation to say1 t ( ! products ( ! e>? useful to ! life ( man n9e t5?s are ! effects ( lab\r3 nay1 if we w rightly e/imate ?+s z !y come to our use1 & ca/ up ! sev]al exp5ces ab\t !m1 :at 9 !m is purely ow+ to nature1 & :at to lab\r1 we %all f9d1 t 9 mo/ ( !m n9ety-n9e hundr$?s are :olly to be put on ! acc\nt ( lab\r4 ,sect4 #da4 ,!re _c be a cle>] demon/ration ( any ?+1 ?an sev]al nations ( ! ,am]icans are ( ?is1 :o are ri* 9 l&1 & poor 9 all ! com=ts ( life2 :om nature hav+ furni%$ z lib]ally z any o!r p1 ) ! mat]ials ( pl5ty1 i4e4 a fruitful soil1 apt to produce 9 abundance1 :at might s]ve = food1 raim5t1 & delight2 yet = want ( improv+ x by lab\r1 h n "o hundr$? "p ( ! conv5i5cies we enjoy3 & a k+ ( a l>ge & fruitful t]ritory !re1 fe$s1 lodges1 & is clad worse ?an a day-lab\r] 9 ,engl&4 ,sect4 #db4 ,to make ?is a little cle>]1 let u b trace "s ( ! ord9>y provisions ( life1 ?r\gh _! sev]al progresses1 be=e !y come to our use1 & see h[ mu* !y receive ( _! value f human indu/ry4 ,bread1 w9e & clo?1 are ?+s ( daily use1 & great pl5ty2 yet not)/&+1 acorns1 wat] & leaves1 or sk9s1 mu/ be our bread1 dr9k & cloa?+1 did n lab\r furni% u ) ^! m useful commodities3 = :atev] bread is m wor? ?an acorns1 w9e ?an wat]1 & clo? or silk1 ?an leaves1 sk9s or moss1 t is :olly ow+ to lab\r & indu/ry2 ! "o ( ^! be+ ! food & raim5t :i* unassi/$ nature furni%es u )2 ! o!r1 provisions :i* our indu/ry & pa9s prep>e = u1 :i* h[ mu* !y exce$ ! o!r 9 value1 :5 any "o ha? comput$1 he w !n see h[ mu* lab\r makes ! f> greate/ "p ( ! value ( ?+s we enjoy 9 ?is _w3 & ! gr\nd :i* produces ! mat]ials1 is sc>ce to be reckon$ 91 z any1 or at mo/1 b a v small "p ( x2 s little1 t ev5 among/ u1 l& t is left :olly to nature1 t ha? no improvem5t ( pa/urage1 tillage1 or plant+1 is call$1 z inde$ x is1 wa/e2 & we %all f9d ! b5efit ( x am\nt to little m ?an no?+4 ,?is %ews h[ mu* numb]s ( m5 are to be pref]r$ to l>g5ess ( dom9ions2 & t ! increase ( l&s1 & ! "r employ+ ( !m1 is ! great art ( gov]nm5t3 & t pr9ce1 :o %all be s wise & godlike1 z by e/abli%$ laws ( lib]ty to secure protection & enc\ragem5t to ! hone/ indu/ry ( mank9d1 aga9/ ! oppression ( p[] & n>r[ness ( p>ty1 w quickly be too h>d = 8 neighb\rs3 b ?is by ! by4 ,to return to ! argum5t 9 h&4 ,sect4 #dc4 ,an acre ( l&1 t be>s "h tw5ty bu%els ( :eat1 & ano!r 9 ,am]ica1 :i*1 ) ! same husb&ry1 w\ld d ! l1 are1 )\t d\bt1 ( ! same natural intr9sic value3 b yet ! b5efit mank9d receives f ! "o 9 a ye>1 is wor? #el4 & f ! o!r possibly n wor? a p5ny1 if all ! pr(it an ,indian receiv$ f x 7 to be valu$1 & sold "h2 at lea/1 ,i may truly say1 n "o ?\s&?4 ,x is lab\r !n :i* puts ! greate/ "p ( value ^u l&1 )\t :i* x w\ld sc>cely be wor? any ?+3 x is to t we owe ! greate/ "p ( all its useful products2 = all t ! /raw1 bran1 bread1 ( t acre ( :eat1 is m wor? ?an ! product ( an acre ( z good l&1 :i* lies wa/e1 is all ! effect ( lab\r3 = x is n b>ely ! pl\gh-man's pa9s1 ! reap]'s & ?re%]'s toil1 & ! bak]'s sweat1 is to be c\nt$ into ! bread we eat2 ! lab\r ( ^? :o broke ! ox51 :o digg$ & wr\ght ! iron & /ones1 :o fell$ & fram$ ! timb] employ$ ab\t ! pl\gh1 mill1 ov51 or any o!r ut5sils1 :i* are a va/ numb]1 requisite to ?is corn1 f its be+ fe$ to be s[n to its be+ made bread1 mu/ all be *>g$ on ! acc\nt ( lab\r1 & receiv$ z an effect ( t3 nature & ! e>? furni%$ only ! almo/ wor?less mat]ials1 z 9 !mselves4 ,x w\ld be a /range catalogue ( ?+s1 t indu/ry provid$ & made use (1 ab\t e loaf ( bread1 be=e x came to our use1 if we c\ld trace !m2 iron1 wood1 lea!r1 b>k1 timb]1 /one1 bricks1 coals1 lime1 clo?1 dy+ drugs1 pit*1 t>1 ma/s1 ropes1 & all ! mat]ials made use ( 9 ! %ip1 t br\ght any ( ! commodities made use ( by any ( ! workm51 to any "p ( ! "w2 all :i* x w\ld be almo/ impossible1 at lea/ too long1 to reckon up4 ,sect4 #dd4 ,f all :i* x is evid5t1 t ?\gh ! ?+s ( nature are giv5 9 common1 yet man1 by be+ ma/] ( himself1 & proprietor ( 8 own p]son1 & ! actions or lab\r ( x1 _h /ill 9 himself ! great f\ndation ( prop]ty2 & t1 :i* made up ! great "p ( :at he appli$ to ! support or com=t ( 8 be+1 :5 inv5tion & arts _h improv$ ! conv5i5cies ( life1 0 p]fectly 8 own1 & did n belong 9 common to o!rs4 ,sect4 #de4 ,?us lab\r1 9 ! beg9n+1 gave a "r ( prop]ty1 :]ev] any "o 0 pleas$ to employ x ^u :at 0 common1 :i* rema9$ a long :ile ! f> great] "p1 & is yet m ?an mank9d makes use (4 ,m51 at fir/1 = ! mo/ "p1 cont5t$ !mselves ) :at unassi/$ nature (f]$ to _! necessities3 & ?\gh aft]w>ds1 9 "s p>ts ( ! _w1 7:]e ! increase ( p & /ock1 ) ! use ( money1 _h made l& sc>ce1 & s ( "s value7 ! sev]al communities settl$ ! b\nds ( _! di/9ct t]ritories1 & by laws )9 !mselves regulat$ ! prop]ties ( ! private m5 ( _! society1 & s1 by compact & agreem5t1 settl$ ! prop]ty :i* lab\r & indu/ry began2 & ! leagues t h be5 made betwe5 sev]al /ates & k+doms1 ei!r expresly or tacitly dis[n+ all claim & "r to ! l& 9 ! o!rs possession1 h1 by common cons5t1 giv5 up _! pret5ces to _! natural common "r1 :i* orig9ally !y _h to ^? c\ntries1 & s h1 by positive agreem5t1 settl$ a prop]ty among/ !mselves1 9 di/9ct p>ts & p>cels ( ! e>?2 yet !re are /ill great tracts ( gr\nd to be f\nd1 :i* 7! inhabitants !re( n hav+ jo9$ ) ! re/ ( mank9d1 9 ! cons5t ( ! use ( _! common money7 lie wa/e1 & are m ?an ! p :o dwell on x d1 or c make use (1 & s /ill lie 9 common2 ?o' ?is c sc>ce happ5 among/ t "p ( mank9d t h cons5t$ to ! use ( money4 ,sect4 #df4 ,! greate/ "p ( ?+s really useful to ! life ( man1 & su* z ! necessity ( subsi/+ made ! fir/ common]s ( ! _w look aft]1 z x do? ! ,am]icans n[1 are g5]ally ?+s ( %ort duration2 su* z1 if !y are n consum$ by use1 w decay & p]i% ( !mselves3 gold1 silv] & diamonds1 are ?+s t fancy or agreem5t ha? put ! value on1 m ?an real use1 & ! necess>y support ( life4 ,n[ ( ^? good ?+s :i* nature ha? provid$ 9 common1 e "o _h a "r 7z ha? be5 said7 to z mu* z he c\ld use1 & prop]ty 9 all t he c\ld effect ) 8 lab\r2 all t 8 indu/ry c\ld ext5d to1 to alt] f ! /ate nature _h put x 91 0 84 ,he t ga!r$ a hundr$ bu%els ( acorns or apples1 _h !reby a prop]ty 9 !m1 !y 7 8 goods z soon z ga!r$4 ,he 0 only to look1 t he us$ !m be=e !y spoil$1 else he took m ?an 8 %>e1 & robb$ o!rs4 ,& inde$ x 0 a fooli% ?+1 z well z di%one/1 to ho>d up m ?an he c\ld make use (4 ,if he gave away a "p to any body else1 s t x p]i%$ n uselesly 9 8 possession1 ^! he also made use (4 ,& if he also b>t]$ away plums1 t w\ld h rott$ 9 a week1 = nuts t w\ld la/ good = 8 eat+ a :ole ye>1 he did no injury2 he wa/$ n ! common /ock2 de/roy$ no "p ( ! portion ( goods t belong$ to o!rs1 s long z no?+ p]i%$ uselesly 9 8 h&s4 ,aga91 if he w\ld give 8 nuts = a piece ( metal1 pleas$ ) its col\r2 or ex*ange 8 %eep = %ells1 or wool = a sp>kl+ pebble or a diamond1 & keep ^? by him all 8 life he invad$ n ! "r ( o!rs1 he might heap up z mu* ( ^! durable ?+s z he pleas$2 ! exce$+ ( ! b\nds ( 8 j prop]ty n ly+ 9 ! l>g5ess ( 8 possession1 b ! p]i%+ ( any ?+ uselesly 9 x4 ,sect4 #dg4 ,& ?us came 9 ! use ( money1 "s la/+ ?+ t m5 might keep )\t spoil+1 & t by mutual cons5t m5 w\ld take 9 ex*ange = ! truly useful1 b p]i%able supports ( life4 ,sect4 #dh4 ,& z diff]5t degrees ( indu/ry 7 apt to give m5 possessions 9 diff]5t proportions1 s ?is inv5tion ( money gave !m ! opportunity to cont9ue & enl>ge !m3 = suppos+ an isl&1 sep>ate f all possible comm]ce ) ! re/ ( ! _w1 :]e9 !re 7 b an hundr$ families1 b !re 7 %eep1 horses & c[s1 ) o!r useful animals1 :olsome fruits1 & l& en\gh = corn = a hundr$ ?\s& times z _m1 b no?+ 9 ! isl&1 ei!r because ( its commonness1 or p]i%abl5ess1 fit to supply ! place ( money2 :at reason c\ld any "o h !re to enl>ge 8 possessions beyond ! use ( 8 family1 & a pl5tiful supply to its consumption1 ei!r 9 :at _! own indu/ry produc$1 or !y c\ld b>t] = l p]i%able1 useful commodities1 ) o!rs8 ,:]e !re is n "s ?+1 bo? la/+ & sc>ce1 & s valuable to be ho>d$ up1 !re m5 w n be apt to enl>ge _! possessions ( l&1 7 x nev] s ri*1 nev] s free = !m to take3 = ,i ask1 :at w\ld a man value t5 ?\s&1 or an hundr$ ?\s& acres ( excell5t l&1 ready cultivat$1 & well /ock$ too ) cattle1 9 ! middle ( ! inl& p>ts ( ,am]ica1 :]e he _h no hopes ( comm]ce ) o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 to draw money to him by ! sale ( ! product8 ,x w\ld n be wor? ! enclos+1 & we %\ld see him give up aga9 to ! wild common ( nature1 :atev] 0 m ?an w\ld supply ! conv5i5cies ( life to be _h !re = him & 8 family4 ,sect4 #di4 ,?us 9 ! beg9n+ all ! _w 0 ,am]ica1 & m s ?an t is n[2 = no su* ?+ z money 0 any :]e kn[n4 ,f9d out some?+ t ha? ! use & value ( money among/ 8 neighb\rs1 y %all see ! same man w beg9 pres5tly to enl>ge 8 possessions4 ,sect4 #ej4 ,b s9ce gold & silv]1 be+ little useful to ! life ( man 9 proportion to food1 raim5t1 & c>riage1 has its value only f ! cons5t ( m51 :]e( lab\r yet makes1 9 great "p1 ! measure1 x is pla91 t m5 h agre$ to a disproportionate & unequal possession ( ! e>?1 !y hav+1 by a tacit & volunt>y cons5t1 f\nd out1 a way h[ a man may fairly possess m l& ?an he himself c use ! product (1 by receiv+ 9 ex*ange = ! ov]plus gold & silv]1 :i* may be ho>d$ up )\t injury to any "o2 ^! metals n spoil+ or decay+ 9 ! h&s ( ! possessor4 ,?is p>tage ( ?+s 9 an inequality ( private possessions1 m5 h made practicable out ( ! b\nds ( society1 & )\t compact1 only by putt+ a value on gold & silv]1 & tacitly agree+ 9 ! use ( money3 = 9 gov]nm5ts1 ! laws regulate ! "r ( prop]ty1 & ! possession ( l& is det]m9$ by positive con/itutions4 ,sect4 #ea4 ,& ?us1 ,i ?9k1 x is v easy to conceive1 )\t any difficulty1 h[ lab\r c\ld at fir/ beg9 a title ( prop]ty 9 ! common ?+s ( nature1 & h[ ! sp5d+ x ^u our uses b\nd$ x4 ,s t !re c\ld !n be no reason ( qu>rell+ ab\t title1 nor any d\bt ab\t ! l>g5ess ( possession x gave4 ,"r & conv5i5cy w5t toge!r2 = z a man _h a "r to all he c\ld employ 8 lab\r ^u1 s he _h no temptation to lab\r = m ?an he c\ld make use (4 ,?is left no room = controv]sy ab\t ! title1 nor = encroa*m5t on ! "r ( o!rs2 :at portion a man c>v$ to himself1 0 easily se52 & x 0 useless1 z well z di%one/1 to c>ve himself too mu*1 or take m ?an he ne$$4 ,,*apt]4 ,,vi4 ,,( ,,pat]nal ,,p[]4 ,sect4 #eb4 ,,x may p]haps be c5sur$ z an imp]t95t criticism1 9 a disc\rse ( ?is nature1 to f9d fault ) words & names1 t h obta9$ 9 ! _w3 & yet possibly x may n be amiss to (f] new ones1 :5 ! old are apt to lead m5 into mi/akes1 z ?is ( pat]nal p[] probably has done1 :i* seems s to place ! p[] ( p>5ts ov] _! *ildr5 :olly 9 ! fa!r1 z if ! "m _h no %>e 9 x2 :]eas1 if we consult reason or revelation1 we %all f9d1 %e ha? an equal title4 ,?is may give "o reason to ask1 :e!r ?is might n be m prop]ly call$ p>5tal p[]8 = :atev] obligation nature & ! "r ( g5]ation lays on *ildr51 x mu/ c]ta9ly b9d !m equal to bo? ! concurr5t causes ( x4 ,& accord+ly we see ! positive law ( ,god e :]e jo9s !m toge!r1 )\t di/9ction1 :5 x comm&s ! ob$i5ce ( *ildr51 ,hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m1 ,exod4 xx4 #ab4 ,:osoev] curse? 8 fa!r or 8 "m1 ,lev4 xx4 #i4 ,ye %all fe> e man 8 "m & 8 fa!r1 ,lev4 xix4 #c4 ,*ildr51 obey y\r p>5ts1 c4 ,eph4 vi4 #a4 is ! /ile ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,sect4 #ec4 ,_h b ?is "o ?+ be5 well consid]$1 )\t look+ any deep] into ! matt]1 x might p]haps h kept m5 f runn+ into ^? gross mi/akes1 !y h made1 ab\t ?is p[] ( p>5ts2 :i*1 h[ev] x might1 )\t any great h>%ness1 be> ! "n ( absolute dom9ion1 & regal au?ority1 :5 "u ! title ( pat]nal p[] x seem$ appropriat$ to ! fa!r1 w\ld yet h f\nd$ b oddly1 & 9 ! v "n %ewn ! absurdity1 if ?is suppos$ absolute p[] ov] *ildr5 _h be5 call$ p>5tal2 & !reby h discov]$1 t x belong$ to ! "m too3 = x w b v ill s]ve ! turn ( ^? m51 :o cont5d s mu* = ! absolute p[] & au?ority ( ! fa!rhood1 z !y call x1 t ! "m %\ld h any %>e 9 x2 & x w\ld h b ill support$ ! mon>*y !y cont5d =1 :5 by ! v "n x appe>$1 t t fundam5tal au?ority1 f :5ce !y w\ld d]ive _! gov]nm5t ( a s+le p]son only1 0 n plac$ 9 "o1 b two p]sons jo9tly4 ,b to let ?is ( names pass4 ,sect4 #ed4 ,?\gh ,i h said above1 ,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,t all m5 by nature are equal1 ,i _c be suppos$ to und]/& all sorts ( equality3 age or virtue may give m5 a j prec$5cy3 excell5cy ( p>ts & m]it may place o!rs above ! common level3 bir? may subject "s1 & alliance or b5efits o!rs1 to pay an obs]vance to ^? to :om nature1 gratitude1 or o!r respects1 may h made x due3 & yet all ?is consi/s ) ! equality1 :i* all m5 are 91 9 respect ( jurisdiction or dom9ion "o ov] ano!r2 :i* 0 ! equality ,i !re spoke (1 z prop] to ! bus9ess 9 h&1 be+ t equal "r1 t e man ha?1 to 8 natural fre$om1 )\t be+ subject$ to ! w or au?ority ( any o!r man4 ,sect4 #ee4 ,*ildr51 ,i confess1 are n born 9 ?is full /ate ( equality1 ?\gh !y are born to x4 ,_! p>5ts h a sort ( rule & jurisdiction ov] !m1 :5 !y come into ! _w1 & = "s "t aft]2 b x is b a tempor>y "o4 ,! bonds ( ?is subjection are l ! swaddl+ clo!s !y are wrapt up 91 & support$ by1 9 ! weakness ( _! infancy3 age & reason z !y gr[ up1 loos5 !m1 till at l5g? !y drop q (f1 & leave a man at 8 own free disposal4 ,sect4 #ef4 ,adam 0 creat$ a p]fect man1 8 body & m9d 9 full possession ( _! /r5g? & reason1 & s 0 capable1 f ! fir/ in/ant ( 8 be+ to provide = 8 own support & pres]vation1 & gov]n 8 actions accord+ to ! dictates ( ! law ( reason :i* ,god _h implant$ 9 him4 ,f him ! _w is peopl$ ) 8 desc5dants1 :o are all born infants1 weak & helpless1 )\t k or und]/&+3 b to supply ! defects ( ?is imp]fect /ate1 till ! improvem5t ( gr[? & age ha? remov$ !m1 ,adam & ,eve1 & aft] !m all p>5ts 71 by ! law ( nature1 "u an obligation to pres]ve1 n\ri%1 & educate ! *ildr5 !y _h begott52 n z _! own workman%ip1 b ! workman%ip ( _! own mak]1 ! ,almighty1 to :om !y 7 to be acc\ntable = !m4 ,sect4 #eg4 ,! law1 t 0 to gov]n ,adam1 0 ! same t 0 to gov]n all 8 po/]ity1 ! law ( reason4 ,b 8 (fspr+ hav+ ano!r way ( entrance into ! _w1 diff]5t f him1 by a natural bir?1 t produc$ !m ignorant & )\t ! use ( reason1 !y 7 n pres5tly "u t law2 = no body c be "u a law1 :i* is n promulgat$ to him2 & ?is law be+ promulgat$ or made kn[n by reason only1 he t is n come to ! use ( 8 reason1 _c be said to be "u ?is law2 & ,adam's *ildr51 be+ n pres5tly z soon z born "u ?is law ( reason1 7 n pres5tly free3 = law1 9 its true notion1 is n s mu* ! limitation z ! direction ( a free & intellig5t ag5t to 8 prop] int]e/1 & prescribes no f>!r ?an is = ! g5]al good ( ^? "u t law3 c\ld !y be happi] )\t x1 ! law1 z an useless ?+1 w\ld ( itself vani%2 & t ill des]ves ! "n ( conf9em5t :i* h$ges u 9 only f bogs & precipices4 ,s t1 h[ev] x may be mi/ak51 ! end ( law is n to aboli% or re/ra91 b to pres]ve & enl>ge fre$om3 = 9 all ! /ates ( creat$ be+s capable ( laws1 :]e !re is no law1 !re is no fre$om3 = lib]ty is1 to be free f re/ra9t & viol5ce f o!rs2 :i* _c be1 :]e !re is no law3 b fre$om is n1 z we are told1 a lib]ty = e man to d :at he li/s3 7= :o c\ld be free1 :5 e o!r man's hum\r might dom9e] ov] him87 b a lib]ty to dispose1 & ord] z he li/s1 8 p]son1 actions1 possessions1 & 8 :ole prop]ty1 )9 ! all[ance ( ^? laws "u :i* he is1 & !re9 n to be subject to ! arbitr>y w ( ano!r1 b freely foll[ 8 own4 ,sect4 #eh4 ,! p[]1 !n1 t p>5ts h ov] _! *ildr51 arises f t duty :i* is incumb5t on !m1 to take c>e ( _! (f-spr+1 dur+ ! imp]fect /ate ( *ildhood4 ,to in=m ! m9d1 & gov]n ! actions ( _! yet ignorant nonage1 till reason %all take its place1 & ease !m ( t tr\ble1 is :at ! *ildr5 want1 & ! p>5ts are b\nd to3 = ,god hav+ giv5 man an und]/&+ to direct 8 actions1 has all[$ him a fre$om ( w1 & lib]ty ( act+1 z prop]ly belong+ !reunto1 )9 ! b\nds ( t law he is "u4 ,b :il/ he is 9 an e/ate1 :]e9 he has n und]/&+ ( 8 own to direct 8 w1 he is n to h any w ( 8 own to foll[3 he t und]/&s = him1 mu/ w = him too2 he mu/ prescribe to 8 w1 & regulate 8 actions2 b :5 he comes to ! e/ate t made 8 fa!r a freeman1 ! son is a freeman too4 ,sect4 #ei4 ,?is holds 9 all ! laws a man is "u1 :e!r natural or civil4 ,is a man "u ! law ( nature8 ,:at made him free ( t law8 :at gave him a free dispos+ ( 8 prop]ty1 accord+ to 8 own w1 )9 ! compass ( t law8 ,i answ]1 a /ate ( maturity :]e9 he might be suppos$ capable to "k t law1 t s he might keep 8 actions )9 ! b\nds ( x4 ,:5 he has acquir$ t /ate1 he is presum$ to "k h[ f> t law is to be 8 guide1 & h[ f> he may make use ( 8 fre$om1 & s comes to h x2 till !n1 "s body else mu/ guide him1 :o is presum$ to "k h[ f> ! law all[s a lib]ty4 ,if su* a /ate ( reason1 su* an age ( discretion made him free1 ! same %all make 8 son free too4 ,is a man "u ! law ( ,engl&8 ,:at made him free ( t law8 t is1 to h ! lib]ty to dispose ( 8 actions & possessions accord+ to 8 own w1 )9 ! p]mission ( t law8 ,a capacity ( kn[+ t law2 :i* is suppos$ by t law1 at ! age ( "o & tw5ty ye>s1 & 9 "s cases soon]4 ,if ?is made ! fa!r free1 x %all make ! son free too4 ,till !n we see ! law all[s ! son to h no w1 b he is to be guid$ by ! w ( 8 fa!r or gu>dian1 :o is to und]/& = him4 ,& if ! fa!r die1 & fail to sub/itute a deputy 9 8 tru/2 if he ha? n provid$ a tutor1 to gov]n 8 son1 dur+ 8 m9ority1 dur+ 8 want ( und]/&+1 ! law takes c>e to d x2 "s o!r mu/ gov]n him1 & be a w to him1 till he ha? atta9$ to a /ate ( fre$om1 & 8 und]/&+ be fit to take ! gov]nm5t ( 8 w4 ,b aft] t1 ! fa!r & son are equally free z mu* z tutor & pupil aft] nonage2 equally subjects ( ! same law toge!r1 )\t any dom9ion left 9 ! fa!r ov] ! life1 lib]ty1 or e/ate ( 8 son1 :e!r !y be only 9 ! /ate & "u ! law ( nature1 or "u ! positive laws ( an e/abli%$ gov]nm5t4 ,sect4 #fj4 ,b if1 ?r\gh defects t may happ5 out ( ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature1 any "o comes n to su* a degree ( reason1 :]e9 he might be suppos$ capable ( kn[+ ! law1 & s liv+ )9 ! rules ( x1 he is nev] capable ( be+ a free man1 he is nev] let loose to ! disposure ( 8 own w 7because he kn[s no b\nds to x1 has n und]/&+1 its prop] guide7 b is cont9u$ "u ! tuition & gov]nm5t ( o!rs1 all ! "t 8 own und]/&+ is uncapable ( t *>ge4 ,& s lunatics & ideots are nev] set free f ! gov]nm5t ( _! p>5ts2 _/ *ildr51 :o are n z yet come unto ^? ye>s :]eat !y may h2 & innoc5ts :i* are exclud$ by a natural defect f ev] hav+2 ?irdly1 madm51 :i* = ! pres5t _c possibly h ! use ( "r reason to guide !mselves1 h = _! guide1 ! reason t guide? o!r m5 :i* are tutors ov] !m1 to seek & procure _! good = !m1 _/ says ,hook]1 ,eccl4 ,pol4 lib4 i4 sec4 #g4 ,all :i* seems no m ?an t duty1 :i* ,god & nature has laid on man1 z well z o!r creatures1 to pres]ve _! (fspr+1 till !y c be able to %ift = !mselves1 & w sc>ce am\nt to an in/ance or pro( ( p>5ts regal au?ority4 ,sect4 #fa4 ,?us we are born free1 z we are born rational2 n t we h actually ! ex]cise ( ei!r3 age1 t br+s "o1 br+s ) x ! o!r too4 ,& ?us we see h[ natural fre$om & subjection to p>5ts may consi/ toge!r1 & are bo? f\nd$ on ! same pr9ciple4 ,a *ild is free by 8 fa!r's title1 by 8 fa!r's und]/&+1 :i* is to gov]n him till he ha? x ( 8 own4 ,! fre$om ( a man at ye>s ( discretion1 & ! subjection ( a *ild to 8 p>5ts1 :il/ yet %ort ( t age1 are s consi/5t1 & s di/+ui%able1 t ! mo/ bl9d$ cont5d]s = mon>*y1 by "r ( fa!rhood1 _c miss ?is diff]5ce2 ! mo/ ob/9ate _c b all[ _! consi/5cy3 = 7 _! doctr9e all true1 7 ! "r heir ( ,adam n[ kn[n1 & by t title settl$ a mon>* 9 8 ?rone1 inve/$ ) all ! absolute unlimit$ p[] ,sir ,rob]t ,film] talks (2 if he %\ld die z soon z 8 heir 7 born1 mu/ n ! *ild1 not)/&+ he 7 nev] s free1 nev] s mu* sov]eign1 be 9 subjection to 8 "m & nurse1 to tutors & gov]nors1 till age & education br\ght him reason & ability to gov]n himself & o!rs8 ,! necessities ( 8 life1 ! heal? ( 8 body1 & ! in=mation ( 8 m9d1 w\ld require him to be direct$ by ! w ( o!rs1 & n 8 own2 & yet w any "o ?9k1 t ?is re/ra9t & subjection 7 inconsi/5t )1 or spoil$ him ( t lib]ty or sov]eignty he _h a "r to1 or gave away 8 empire to ^? :o _h ! gov]nm5t ( 8 nonage8 ,?is gov]nm5t ov] him only prep>$ him ! bett] & soon] = x4 ,if any body %\ld ask me1 :5 my son is ( age to be free8 ,i %all answ]1 j :5 8 mon>* is ( age to gov]n4 ,b at :at "t1 says ! judici\s ,hook]1 ,eccl4 ,pol4 l4 i4 sect4 #f4 a man may be said to h atta9$ s f> =? ! use ( reason1 z suffice? to make him capable ( ^? laws :]eby he is !n b\nd to guide 8 actions3 ?is is a great deal m easy = s5se to disc]n1 ?an = any "o by skill & le>n+ to det]m9e4 ,sect4 #fb4 ,common-weal?s !mselves take notice (1 & all[1 t !re is a "t :5 m5 are to beg9 to act l free m51 & !re=e till t "t require n oa?s ( fealty1 or allegiance1 or o!r public own+ (1 or submission to ! gov]nm5t ( _! c\ntries4 ,sect4 #fc4 ,! fre$om !n ( man1 & lib]ty ( act+ accord+ to 8 own w1 is gr\nd$ on 8 hav+ reason1 :i* is able to in/ruct him 9 t law he is to gov]n himself by1 & make him "k h[ f> he is left to ! fre$om ( 8 own w4 ,to turn him loose to an unre/ra9$ lib]ty1 be=e he has reason to guide him1 is n ! all[+ him ! privilege ( 8 nature to be free2 b to ?ru/ him out among/ brutes1 & ab&on him to a /ate z wret*$1 & z mu* b5ea? t ( a man1 z _!'s4 ,?is is t :i* puts ! au?ority into ! p>5ts h&s to gov]n ! m9ority ( _! *ildr54 ,god ha? made x _! bus9ess to employ ?is c>e on _! (fspr+1 & ha? plac$ 9 !m suitable incl9ations ( t5d]ness & conc]n to temp] ?is p[]1 to apply x1 z 8 wisdom design$ x1 to ! *ildr5's good1 z long z !y %\ld ne$ to be "u x4 ,sect4 #fd4 ,b :at reason c h5ce advance ?is c>e ( ! p>5ts due to _! (f-spr+ into an absolute arbitr>y dom9ion ( ! fa!r1 ^: p[] rea*es no f>!r1 ?an by su* a discipl9e1 z he f9ds mo/ effectual1 to give su* /r5g? & heal? to _! bodies1 su* vig\r & rectitude to _! m9ds1 z may be/ fit 8 *ildr5 to be mo/ useful to !mselves & o!rs2 &1 if x be necess>y to 8 condition1 to make !m "w1 :5 !y are able1 = _! own subsi/5ce4 ,b 9 ?is p[] ! "m too has h] %>e ) ! fa!r4 ,sect4 #fe4 ,nay1 ?is p[] s little belongs to ! fa!r by any peculi> "r ( nature1 b only z he is gu>dian ( 8 *ildr51 t :5 he quits 8 c>e ( !m1 he loses 8 p[] ov] !m1 :i* goes along ) _! n\ri%m5t & education1 to :i* x is insep>ably annex$2 & x belongs z mu* to ! fo/]-fa!r ( an expos$ *ild1 z to ! natural fa!r ( ano!r4 ,s little p[] does ! b>e act ( begett+ give a man ov] 8 issue2 if all 8 c>e ends !re1 & ?is be all ! title he ha? to ! "n & au?ority ( a fa!r4 ,& :at w become ( ?is pat]nal p[] 9 t "p ( ! _w1 :]e "o woman ha? m ?an "o husb& at a "t8 or 9 ^? p>ts ( ,am]ica1 :]e1 :5 ! husb& & wife "p1 :i* happ5s frequ5tly1 ! *ildr5 are all left to ! "m1 foll[ h]1 & are :olly "u h] c>e & provision8 ,if ! fa!r die :il/ ! *ildr5 are "y1 d !y n naturally e :]e owe ! same ob$i5ce to _! "m1 dur+ _! m9ority1 z to _! fa!r 7 he alive8 & w any "o say1 t ! "m ha? a legislative p[] ov] h] *ildr58 t %e c make /&+ rules1 :i* %all be ( p]petual obligation1 by :i* !y ought to regulate all ! conc]ns ( _! prop]ty1 & b\nd _! lib]ty all ! c\rse ( _! lives8 or c %e in=ce ! obs]vation ( !m ) capital puni%m5ts8 = ?is is ! prop] p[] ( ! magi/rate1 ( :i* ! fa!r ha? n s mu* z ! %ad[4 ,8 comm& ov] 8 *ildr5 is b tempor>y1 & rea*es n _! life or prop]ty3 x is b a help to ! weakness & imp]fection ( _! nonage1 a discipl9e necess>y to _! education3 & ?\gh a fa!r may dispose ( 8 own possessions z he pleases1 :5 8 *ildr5 are out ( dang] ( p]i%+ = want1 yet 8 p[] ext5ds n to ! lives or goods1 :i* ei!r _! own indu/ry1 or ano!r's b\nty has made _!'s2 nor to _! lib]ty nei!r1 :5 !y are once arriv$ to ! infran*isem5t ( ! ye>s ( discretion4 ,! fa!r's empire !n ceases1 & he c f !nce =w>ds no m dispose ( ! lib]ty ( 8 son1 ?an t ( any o!r man3 & x mu/ be f> f an absolute or p]petual jurisdiction1 f :i* a man may )draw himself1 hav+ lic5se f div9e au?ority to leave fa!r & "m1 & cleave to 8 wife4 ,sect4 #ff4 ,b ?\gh !re be a "t :5 a *ild comes to be z free f subjection to ! w & comm& ( 8 fa!r1 z ! fa!r himself is free f subjection to ! w ( any body else1 & !y are ea* "u no o!r re/ra9t1 b t :i* is common to !m bo?1 :e!r x be ! law ( nature1 or municipal law ( _! c\ntry2 yet ?is fre$om exempts n a son f t hon\r :i* he ought1 by ! law ( ,god & nature1 to pay 8 p>5ts4 ,god hav+ made ! p>5ts in/rum5ts 9 8 great design ( cont9u+ ! race ( mank9d1 & ! occasions ( life to _! *ildr52 z he ha? laid on !m an obligation to n\ri%1 pres]ve1 & br+ up _! (fspr+2 s he has laid on ! *ildr5 a p]petual obligation ( hon\r+ _! p>5ts1 :i* conta9+ 9 x an inw>d e/eem & rev]5ce to be %ewn by all outw>d expressions1 ties up ! *ild f any ?+ t may ev] injure or affront1 di/urb or endang]1 ! happ9ess or life ( ^? f :om he receiv$ 82 & engages him 9 all actions ( def5ce1 relief1 assi/ance & com=t ( ^?1 by ^: means he ent]$ into be+1 & has be5 made capable ( any enjoym5ts ( life3 f ?is obligation no /ate1 no fre$om c absolve *ildr54 ,b ?is is v f> f giv+ p>5ts a p[] ( comm& ov] _! *ildr51 or an au?ority to make laws & dispose z !y please ( _! lives or lib]ties4 ,x is "o ?+ to owe hon\r1 respect1 gratitude & assi/ance2 ano!r to require an absolute ob$i5ce & submission4 ,! hon\r due to p>5ts1 a mon>* 9 8 ?rone owes 8 "m2 & yet ?is less5s n 8 au?ority1 nor subjects him to h] gov]nm5t4 ,sect4 #fg4 ,! subjection ( a m9or places 9 ! fa!r a tempor>y gov]nm5t1 :i* t]m9ates ) ! m9ority ( ! *ild3 & ! hon\r due f a *ild1 places 9 ! p>5ts a p]petual "r to respect1 rev]5ce1 support & compliance too1 m or less1 z ! fa!r's c>e1 co/1 & k9dness 9 8 education1 has be5 m or less4 ,?is ends n ) m9ority1 b holds 9 all p>ts & conditions ( a man's life4 ,! want ( di/+ui%+ ^! two p[]s1 viz4 t :i* ! fa!r ha? 9 ! "r ( tuition1 dur+ m9ority1 & ! "r ( hon\r all 8 life1 may p]haps h caus$ a great "p ( ! mi/akes ab\t ?is matt]3 = to speak prop]ly ( !m1 ! fir/ ( ^! is r ! privilege ( *ildr51 & duty ( p>5ts1 ?an any pr]ogative ( pat]nal p[]4 ,! n\ri%m5t & education ( _! *ildr5 is a *>ge s incumb5t on p>5ts = _! *ildr5's good1 t no?+ c absolve !m f tak+ c>e ( x3 & ?\gh ! p[] ( comm&+ & *a/is+ !m g along ) x1 yet ,god ha? wov5 into ! pr9ciples ( human nature su* a t5d]ness = _! (f-spr+1 t !re is little fe> t p>5ts %\ld use _! p[] ) too mu* rig\r2 ! excess is seldom on ! sev]e side1 ! /rong byass ( nature draw+ ! o!r way4 ,& !re=e ,god almighty :5 he w\ld express 8 g5tle deal+ ) ! ,israelites1 he tells !m1 t ?\gh he *a/5$ !m1 he *a/5$ !m z a man *a/5s 8 son1 ,deut4 viii4 #e4 i4e4 ) t5d]ness & affection1 & kept !m "u no sev]] discipl9e ?an :at 0 absolutely be/ = !m1 & _h be5 less k9dness to h slack5$4 ,?is is t p[] to :i* *ildr5 are comm&$ ob$i5ce1 t ! pa9s & c>e ( _! p>5ts may n be increas$1 or ill rew>d$4 ,sect4 #fh4 ,on ! o!r side1 hon\r & support1 all t :i* gratitude requires to return = ! b5efits receiv$ by & f !m1 is ! indisp5sable duty ( ! *ild1 & ! prop] privilege ( ! p>5ts4 ,?is is int5d$ = ! p>5ts advantage1 z ! o!r is = ! *ild's2 ?\gh education1 ! p>5ts duty1 seems to h mo/ p[]1 because ! ignorance & infirmities ( *ildhood /& 9 ne$ ( re/ra9t & correction2 :i* is a visible ex]cise ( rule1 & a k9d ( dom9ion4 ,& t duty :i* is compreh5d$ 9 ! ^w hon\r1 requires less ob$i5ce1 ?\gh ! obligation be /rong] on gr[n1 ?an y\ng] *ildr53 = :o c ?9k ! comm&1 ,*ildr5 obey y\r p>5ts1 requires 9 a man1 t has *ildr5 ( 8 own1 ! same submission to 8 fa!r1 z x does 9 8 yet "y *ildr5 to him2 & t by ?is precept he 7 b\nd to obey all 8 fa!r's comm&s1 if1 out ( a conceit ( au?ority1 he %\ld h ! indiscretion to treat him /ill z a boy8 ,sect4 #fi4 ,! fir/ "p !n ( pat]nal p[]1 or r duty1 :i* is education1 belongs s to ! fa!r1 t x t]m9ates at a c]ta9 season2 :5 ! bus9ess ( education is ov]1 x ceases ( itself1 & is also ali5able be=e3 = a man may put ! tuition ( 8 son 9 o!r h&s2 & he t has made 8 son an appr5tice to ano!r1 has dis*>g$ him1 dur+ t "t1 ( a great "p ( 8 ob$i5ce bo? to himself & to 8 "m4 ,b all ! duty ( hon\r1 ! o!r "p1 rema9s nev] ! less entire to !m2 no?+ c cancel t3 x is s insep>able f !m bo?1 t ! fa!r's au?ority _c dispossess ! "m ( ?is "r1 nor c any man dis*>ge 8 son f hon\r+ h] t bore him4 ,b bo? ^! are v f> f a p[] to make laws1 & en=c+ !m ) p5alties1 t may rea* e/ate1 lib]ty1 limbs & life4 ,! p[] ( comm&+ ends ) nonage2 & ?\gh1 aft] t1 hon\r & respect1 support & def5ce1 & :atsoev] gratitude c oblige a man to1 = ! highe/ b5efits he is naturally capable (1 be always due f a son to 8 p>5ts2 yet all ?is puts no scept] into ! fa!r's h&1 no sov]eign p[] ( comm&+4 ,he has no dom9ion ov] 8 son's prop]ty1 or actions2 nor any "r1 t 8 w %\ld prescribe to 8 son's 9 all ?+s2 h[ev] x may become 8 son 9 _m ?+s1 n v inconv5i5t to him & 8 family1 to pay a def]5ce to x4 ,sect4 #gj4 ,a man may owe hon\r & respect to an anci5t1 or wise man2 def5ce to 8 *ild or fri5d2 relief & support to ! di/ress$2 & gratitude to a b5efactor1 to su* a degree1 t all he has1 all he c d1 _c suffici5tly pay x3 b all ^! give no au?ority1 no "r to any "o1 ( mak+ laws ov] him f :om !y are ow+4 ,& x is pla91 all ?is is due n only to ! b>e title ( fa!r2 n only because1 z has be5 said1 x is ow+ to ! "m too2 b because ^! obligations to p>5ts1 & ! degrees ( :at is requir$ ( *ildr51 may be v>i$ by ! diff]5t c>e & k9dness1 tr\ble & exp5ce1 :i* is (t5 employ$ ^u "o *ild m ?an ano!r4 ,sect4 #ga4 ,?is %ews ! reason h[ x comes to pass1 t p>5ts 9 societies1 :]e !y !mselves are subjects1 reta9 a p[] ov] _! *ildr51 & h z mu* "r to _! subjection1 z ^? :o are 9 ! /ate ( nature4 ,:i* c\ld n possibly be1 if all political p[] 7 only pat]nal1 & t 9 tru? !y 7 "o & ! same ?+3 = !n1 all pat]nal p[] be+ 9 ! pr9ce1 ! subject c\ld naturally h none ( x4 ,b ^! two p[]s1 political & pat]nal1 are s p]fectly di/9ct & sep>ate2 are built ^u s diff]5t f\ndations1 & giv5 to s diff]5t ends1 t e subject t is a fa!r1 has z mu* a pat]nal p[] ov] 8 *ildr51 z ! pr9ce has ov] 83 & e pr9ce1 t has p>5ts1 owes !m z mu* filial duty & ob$i5ce1 z ! meane/ ( 8 subjects d to _!'s2 & c !re=e conta9 n any "p or degree ( t k9d ( dom9ion1 :i* a pr9ce or magi/rate has ov] 8 subject4 ,sect4 #gb4 ,?\gh ! obligation on ! p>5ts to br+ up _! *ildr51 & ! obligation on *ildr5 to hon\r _! p>5ts1 conta9 all ! p[] on ! "o h&1 & submission on ! o!r1 :i* are prop] to ?is relation1 yet !re is ano!r p[] ord9>ily 9 ! fa!r1 :]eby he has a tie on ! ob$i5ce ( 8 *ildr52 :i* ?o' x be common to him ) o!r m51 yet ! occasions ( %ew+ x1 almo/ con/antly happ5+ to fa!rs 9 _! private families1 & ! in/ances ( x else:]e be+ r>e1 & less tak5 notice (1 x passes 9 ! _w = a "p ( pat]nal jurisdiction4 ,& ?is is ! p[] m5 g5]ally h to be/[ _! e/ates on ^? :o please !m be/2 ! possession ( ! fa!r be+ ! expectation & inh]itance ( ! *ildr51 ord9>ily 9 c]ta9 proportions1 accord+ to ! law & cu/om ( ea* c\ntry2 yet x is commonly 9 ! fa!r's p[] to be/[ x ) a m sp>+ or lib]al h&1 accord+ z ! behavi\r ( ?is or t *ild ha? comport$ ) 8 w & hum\r4 ,sect4 #gc4 ,?is is no small tie on ! ob$i5ce ( *ildr53 & !re be+ always annex$ to ! enjoym5t ( l&1 a submission to ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry1 ( :i* t l& is a "p2 x has be5 commonly suppos$1 t a fa!r c\ld oblige 8 po/]ity to t gov]nm5t1 ( :i* he himself 0 a subject1 & t 8 compact held !m2 :]eas1 x be+ only a necess>y condition annex$ to ! l&1 & ! inh]itance ( an e/ate :i* is "u t gov]nm5t1 rea*es only ^? :o w take x on t condition1 & s is no natural tie or engagem5t1 b a volunt>y submission3 = e man's *ildr5 be+ by nature z free z himself1 or any ( 8 ance/ors ev] 71 may1 :il/ !y are 9 t fre$om1 *oose :at society !y w jo9 !mselves to1 :at commonweal? !y w put !mselves "u4 ,b if !y w enjoy ! inh]itance ( _! ance/ors1 !y mu/ take x on ! same t]ms _! ance/ors _h x1 & submit to all ! conditions annex$ to su* a possession4 ,by ?is p[] inde$ fa!rs oblige _! *ildr5 to ob$i5ce to !mselves1 ev5 :5 !y are pa/ m9ority1 & mo/ commonly too subject !m to ?is or t political p[]3 b nei!r ( ^! by any peculi> "r ( fa!rhood1 b by ! rew>d !y h 9 _! h&s to in=ce & recomp5ce su* a compliance2 & is no m p[] ?an :at a ,fr5* man has ov] an ,engli% man1 :o by ! hopes ( an e/ate he w leave him1 w c]ta9ly h a /rong tie on 8 ob$i5ce3 & if1 :5 x is left him1 he w enjoy x1 he mu/ c]ta9ly take x ^u ! conditions annex$ to ! possession ( l& 9 t c\ntry :]e x lies1 :e!r x be ,france or ,engl&4 ,sect4 #gd4 ,to conclude !n1 ?o' ! fa!r's p[] ( comm&+ ext5ds no f>!r ?an ! m9ority ( 8 *ildr51 & to a degree only fit = ! discipl9e & gov]nm5t ( t age2 & ?o' t hon\r & respect1 & all t :i* ! ,lat9s call$ piety1 :i* !y indisp5sably owe to _! p>5ts all _! life-"t1 & 9 all e/ates1 ) all t support & def5ce is due to !m1 gives ! fa!r no p[] ( gov]n+1 i4e4 mak+ laws & enact+ p5alties on 8 *ildr52 ?\gh by all ?is he has no dom9ion ov] ! prop]ty or actions ( 8 son3 yet x is obvi\s to conceive h[ easy x 01 9 ! fir/ ages ( ! _w1 & 9 places /ill1 :]e ! ?9ness ( p gives families leave to sep>ate into unpossess$ qu>t]s1 & !y h room to remove or plant !mselves 9 yet vacant habitations1 = ! fa!r ( ! family to become ! pr9ce ( x299 he _h be5 a rul] f ! beg9n+ ( ! infancy ( 8 *ildr53 & s9ce )\t "s gov]nm5t x w\ld be h>d = !m to live toge!r1 x 0 likelie/ x %\ld1 by ! express or tacit cons5t ( ! *ildr5 :5 !y 7 gr[n up1 be 9 ! fa!r1 :]e x seem$ )\t any *ange b>ely to cont9ue2 :5 inde$ no?+ m 0 requir$ to x1 ?an ! p]mitt+ ! fa!r to ex]cise alone1 9 8 family1 t executive p[] ( ! law ( nature1 :i* e free man naturally ha?1 & by t p]mission resign+ up to him a mon>*ical p[]1 :il/ !y rema9$ 9 x4 ,b t ?is 0 n by any pat]nal "r1 b only by ! cons5t ( 8 *ildr51 is evid5t f h5ce1 t no body d\bts1 b if a /rang]1 :om *ance or bus9ess _h br\ght to 8 family1 _h !re kill$ any ( 8 *ildr51 or committ$ any o!r fact1 he might condemn & put him to dea?1 or o!r-wise h puni%$ him1 z well z any ( 8 *ildr52 :i* x 0 impossible he %\ld d by virtue ( any pat]nal au?ority ov] "o :o 0 n 8 *ild1 b by virtue ( t executive p[] ( ! law ( nature1 :i*1 z a man1 he _h a "r to3 & he alone c\ld puni% him 9 8 family1 :]e ! respect ( 8 *ildr5 _h laid by ! ex]cise ( su* a p[]1 to give way to ! dignity & au?ority !y 7 will+ %\ld rema9 9 him1 above ! re/ ( 8 family4 799,x is no improbable op9ion !re=e1 :i* ! ar*philosoph] 0 (1 t ! *ief p]son 9 e h\%old 0 always1 z x 71 a k+3 s :5 numb]s ( h\%olds jo9$ !mselves 9 civil societies toge!r1 k+s 7 ! fir/ k9d ( gov]nors among/ !m1 :i* is also1 z x seeme?1 ! reason :y ! "n ( fa!rs cont9u$ /ill 9 !m1 :o1 ( fa!rs1 7 made rul]s2 z also ! anci5t cu/om ( gov]nors to d z ,mel*iz$ec1 & be+ k+s1 to ex]cise ! (fice ( prie/s1 :i* fa!rs did at ! fir/1 grew p]haps by ! same occasion4 ,h[beit1 ?is is n ! only k9d ( regim5t t has be5 receiv$ 9 ! _w4 ,! inconv5i5ces ( "o k9d h caus$ sundry o!rs to be devis$2 s t 9 a ^w1 all public regim5t1 ( :at k9d soev]1 seeme? evid5tly to h ris5 f ! delib]ate advice1 consultation & composition betwe5 m51 judg+ x conv5i5t & behoveful2 !re be+ no impossibility 9 nature consid]$ by itself1 b t man might h liv$ )\t any public regim5t1 ,hook]'s ,eccl4 ,pol4 lib4 i4 sect4 #aj47 ,sect4 #ge4 ,?us x 0 easy1 & almo/ natural = *ildr51 by a tacit1 & sc>ce avoidable cons5t1 to make way = ! fa!r's au?ority & gov]nm5t4 ,!y _h be5 accu/om$ 9 _! *ildhood to foll[ 8 direction1 & to ref] _! little diff]5ces to him1 & :5 !y 7 m51 :o fitt] to rule !m8 ,_! little prop]ties1 & less covet\sness1 seldom af=d$ great] controv]sies2 & :5 any %\ld arise1 :]e c\ld !y h a fitt] umpire ?an he1 by ^: c>e !y _h e "o be5 su/a9$ & br\ght up1 & :o _h a t5d]ness = !m all8 ,x is no wond] t !y made no di/9ction betwixt m9ority & full age2 nor look$ aft] "o & tw5ty1 or any o!r age t might make !m ! free dispos]s ( !mselves & =tunes1 :5 !y c\ld h no desire to be out ( _! pupilage3 ! gov]nm5t !y _h be5 "u1 dur+ x1 cont9u$ /ill to be m _! protection ?an re/ra9t2 & !y c\ld no :]e f9d a great] security to _! peace1 lib]ties1 & =tunes1 ?an 9 ! rule ( a fa!r4 ,sect4 #gf4 ,?us ! natural fa!rs ( families1 by an ins5sible *ange1 became ! politic mon>*s ( !m too3 & z !y *anc$ to live long1 & leave able & wor?y heirs1 = sev]al successions1 or o!rwise2 s !y laid ! f\ndations ( h]$it>y1 or elective k+doms1 "u sev]al con/itutions & mann]s1 accord+ z *ance1 contrivance1 or occasions happ5$ to m\ld !m4 ,b if pr9ces h _! titles 9 _! fa!rs "r1 & x be a suffici5t pro( ( ! natural "r ( fa!rs to political au?ority1 because !y commonly 7 ^? 9 ^: h&s we f9d1 de facto1 ! ex]cise ( gov]nm5t3 ,i say1 if ?is argum5t be good1 x w z /rongly prove1 t all pr9ces1 nay pr9ces only1 ought to be prie/s1 s9ce x is z c]ta91 t 9 ! beg9n+1 ! fa!r ( ! family 0 prie/1 z t he 0 rul] 9 8 own h\%old4 ,,*apt]4 ,,vii4 ,,( ,,political ,,or ,,civil ,,society4 ,sect4 #gg4 ,,god hav+ made man su* a creature1 t 9 8 own judgm5t1 x 0 n good = him to be alone1 put him "u /rong obligations ( necessity1 conv5i5ce1 & incl9ation to drive him into society1 z well z fitt$ him ) und]/&+ & language to cont9ue & enjoy x4 ,! fir/ society 0 betwe5 man & wife1 :i* gave beg9n+ to t betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr52 to :i*1 9 "t1 t betwe5 ma/] & s]vant came to be add$3 & ?\gh all ^! might1 & commonly did meet toge!r1 & make up b "o family1 :]e9 ! ma/] or mi/ress ( x _h "s sort ( rule prop] to a family2 ea* ( ^!1 or all toge!r1 came %ort ( political society1 z we %all see1 if we consid] ! diff]5t ends1 ties1 & b\nds ( ea* ( ^!4 ,sect4 #gh4 ,conjugal society is made by a volunt>y compact betwe5 man & woman2 & ?o' x consi/ *iefly 9 su* a communion & "r 9 "o ano!r's bodies z is necess>y to its *ief end1 procreation2 yet x draws ) x mutual support & assi/ance1 & a communion ( int]e/s too1 z necess>y n only to unite _! c>e & affection1 b also necess>y to _! common (f-spr+1 :o h a "r to be n\ri%$1 & ma9ta9$ by !m1 till !y are able to provide = !mselves4 ,sect4 #gi4 ,= ! end ( conjunction1 betwe5 male & female1 be+ n b>ely procreation1 b ! cont9uation ( ! species2 ?isconjunction betwixt male & female ought to la/1 ev5 aft] procreation1 s long z is necess>y to ! n\ri%m5t & support ( ! "y ones1 :o are to be su/a9$ by ^? t got !m1 till !y are able to %ift & provide = !mselves4 ,?is rule1 :i* ! inf9ite wise mak] ha? set to ! works ( 8 h&s1 we f9d ! inf]ior creatures /eadily obey4 ,9 ^? vivip>\s animals :i* fe$ on grass1 ! conjunction betwe5 male & female la/s no long] ?an ! v act ( copulation2 because ! teat ( ! dam be+ suffici5t to n\ri% ! "y1 till x be able to fe$ on grass1 ! male only begets1 b conc]ns n himself = ! female or "y1 to ^: su/5ance he c contribute no?+4 ,b 9 bea/s ( prey ! conjunction la/s long]3 because ! dam n be+ able well to subsi/ h]self1 & n\ri% h] num]\s (f-spr+ by h] own prey alone1 a m labori\s1 z well z m dang]\s way ( liv+1 ?an by fe$+ on grass1 ! assi/ance ( ! male is necess>y to ! ma9t5ance ( _! common family1 :i* _c subsi/ till !y are able to prey = !mselves1 b by ! jo9t c>e ( male & female4 ,! same is to be obs]v$ 9 all birds1 7except "s dome/ic ones1 :]e pl5ty ( food excuses ! cock f fe$+1 & tak+ c>e ( ! "y brood7 ^: "y ne$+ food 9 ! ne/1 ! cock & h5 cont9ue mates1 till ! "y are able to use _! w+1 & provide = !mselves4 ,sect4 #hj4 ,& h]e9 ,i ?9k lies ! *ief1 if n ! only reason1 :y ! male & female 9 mank9d are ti$ to a long] conjunction ?an o!r creatures1 viz4 because ! female is capable ( conceiv+1 & de facto is commonly ) *ild aga91 & br+s =? too a new bir?1 long be=e ! =m] is out ( a dep5d5cy = support on 8 p>5ts help1 & able to %ift = himself1 & has all ! assi/ance is due to him f 8 p>5ts3 :]eby ! fa!r1 :o is b\nd to take c>e = ^? he ha? begot1 is "u an obligation to cont9ue 9 conjugal society ) ! same woman long] ?an o!r creatures1 ^: "y be+ able to subsi/ ( !mselves1 be=e ! "t ( procreation returns aga91 ! conjugal bond dissolves ( itself1 & !y are at lib]ty1 till ,hym5 at 8 usual anniv]s>y season summons !m aga9 to *use new mates4 ,:]e9 "o _c b admire ! wisdom ( ! great ,creator1 :o hav+ giv5 to man =esight1 & an ability to lay up = ! future1 z well z to supply ! pres5t necessity1 ha? made x necess>y1 t society ( man & wife %\ld be m la/+1 ?an ( male & female among/ o!r creatures2 t s _! indu/ry might be enc\rag$1 & _! int]e/ bett] unit$1 to make provision & lay up goods = _! common issue1 :i* unc]ta9 mixture1 or easy & frequ5t solutions ( conjugal society w\ld mightily di/urb4 ,sect4 #ha4 ,b ?o' ^! are ties ^u mank9d1 :i* make ! conjugal bonds m firm & la/+ 9 man1 ?an ! o!r species ( animals2 yet x w\ld give "o reason to enquire1 :y ?is compact1 :]e procreation & education are secur$1 & inh]itance tak5 c>e =1 may n be made det]m9able1 ei!r by cons5t1 or at a c]ta9 "t1 or ^u c]ta9 conditions1 z well z any o!r volunt>y compacts1 !re be+ no necessity 9 ! nature ( ! ?+1 nor to ! ends ( x1 t x %\ld always be = life2 ,i mean1 to su* z are "u no re/ra9t ( any positive law1 :i* orda9s all su* contracts to be p]petual4 ,sect4 #hb4 ,b ! husb& & wife1 ?\gh !y h b "o common conc]n1 yet hav+ diff]5t und]/&+s1 w unavoidably sometimes h diff]5t wills too2 x !re=e be+ necess>y t ! la/ det]m9ation1 i4 e4 ! rule1 %\ld be plac$ some:]e2 x naturally falls to ! man's %>e1 z ! abl] & ! /rong]4 ,b ?is rea*+ b to ! ?+s ( _! common int]e/ & prop]ty1 leaves ! wife 9 ! full & free possession ( :at by contract is h] peculi> "r1 & gives ! husb& no m p[] ov] h] life ?an %e has ov] 82 ! p[] ( ! husb& be+ s f> f t ( an absolute mon>*1 t ! wife has 9 _m cases a lib]ty to sep>ate f him1 :]e natural "r1 or _! contract all[s x2 :e!r t contract be made by !mselves 9 ! /ate ( nature1 or by ! cu/oms or laws ( ! c\ntry !y live 92 & ! *ildr5 ^u su* sep>ation fall to ! fa!r or "m's lot1 z su* contract does det]m9e4 ,sect4 #hc4 ,= all ! ends ( m>riage be+ to be obta9$ "u politic gov]nm5t1 z well z 9 ! /ate ( nature1 ! civil magi/rate do? n abridge ! "r or p[] ( ei!r naturally necess>y to ^? ends1 viz4 procreation & mutual support & assi/ance :il/ !y are toge!r2 b only decides any controv]sy t may arise betwe5 man & wife ab\t !m4 ,if x 7 o!rwise1 & t absolute sov]eignty & p[] ( life & dea? naturally belong$ to ! husb&1 & 7 necess>y to ! society betwe5 man & wife1 !re c\ld be no matrimony 9 any ( ^? c\ntries :]e ! husb& is all[$ no su* absolute au?ority4 ,b ! ends ( matrimony requir+ no su* p[] 9 ! husb&1 ! condition ( conjugal society put x n 9 him1 x be+ n at all necess>y to t /ate4 ,conjugal society c\ld subsi/ & atta9 its ends )\t x2 nay1 community ( goods1 & ! p[] ov] !m1 mutual assi/ance & ma9t5ance1 & o!r ?+s belong+ to conjugal society1 might be v>i$ & regulat$ by t contract :i* unites man & wife 9 t society1 z f> z may consi/ ) procreation & ! br++ up ( *ildr5 till !y c\ld %ift = !mselves2 no?+ be+ necess>y to any society1 t is n necess>y to ! ends = :i* x is made4 ,sect4 #hd4 ,! society betwixt p>5ts & *ildr51 & ! di/9ct rights & p[]s belong+ respectively to !m1 ,i h treat$ ( s l>gely1 9 ! =ego+ *apt]1 t ,i %all n "h ne$ to say any ?+ ( x4 ,& ,i ?9k x is pla91 t x is f> diff]5t f a politic society4 ,sect4 #he4 ,ma/] & s]vant are names z old z hi/ory1 b giv5 to ^? ( f> diff]5t condition2 = a freeman makes himself a s]vant to ano!r1 by sell+ him1 = a c]ta9 "t1 ! s]vice he und]takes to d1 9 ex*ange = wages he is to receive3 & ?\gh ?is commonly puts him into ! family ( 8 ma/]1 & "u ! ord9>y discipl9e !re(2 yet x gives ! ma/] b a tempor>y p[] ov] him1 & no great] ?an :at is conta9$ 9 ! contract betwe5 !m4 ,b !re is ano!r sort ( s]vants1 :i* by a peculi> "n we call slaves1 :o be+ captives tak5 9 a j w>1 are by ! "r ( nature subject$ to ! absolute dom9ion & arbitr>y p[] ( _! ma/]s4 ,^! m5 hav+1 z ,i say1 =feit$ _! lives1 & ) x _! lib]ties1 & lo/ _! e/ates2 & be+ 9 ! /ate ( slav]y1 n capable ( any prop]ty1 _c 9 t /ate be consid]$ z any "p ( civil society2 ! *ief end :]e( is ! pres]vation ( prop]ty4 ,sect4 #hf4 ,let u !re=e consid] a ma/] ( a family ) all ^! subord9ate relations ( wife1 *ildr51 s]vants1 & slaves1 unit$ "u ! dome/ic rule ( a family2 :i*1 :at resemblance soev] x may h 9 its ord]1 (fices1 & numb] too1 ) a little commonweal?1 yet is v f> f x1 bo? 9 its con/itution1 p[] & end3 or if x mu/ be ?\ght a mon>*y1 & ! pat]familias ! absolute mon>* 9 x1 absolute mon>*y w h b a v %att]$ & %ort p[]1 :5 x is pla91 by :at has be5 said be=e1 t ! ma/] ( ! family has a v di/9ct & diff]5tly limit$ p[]1 bo? z to "t & ext5t1 ov] ^? sev]al p]sons t are 9 x2 = except+ ! slave 7& ! family is z mu* a family1 & 8 p[] z pat]familias z great1 :e!r !re be any slaves 9 8 family or no7 he has no legislative p[] ( life & dea? ov] any ( !m1 & none too b :at a mi/ress ( a family may h z well z he4 ,& he c]ta9ly c h no absolute p[] ov] ! :ole family1 :o has b a v limit$ "o ov] e individual 9 x4 ,b h[ a family1 or any o!r society ( m51 diff] f t :i* is prop]ly political society1 we %all be/ see1 by consid]+ :]e9 political society itself consi/s4 ,sect4 #hg4 ,man be+ born1 z has be5 prov$1 ) a title to p]fect fre$om1 & an uncontr\l$ enjoym5t ( all ! rights & privileges ( ! law ( nature1 equally ) any o!r man1 or numb] ( m5 9 ! _w1 ha? by nature a p[]1 n only to pres]ve 8 prop]ty1 t is1 8 life1 lib]ty & e/ate1 aga9/ ! injuries & attempts ( o!r m52 b to judge (1 & puni% ! brea*es ( t law 9 o!rs1 z he is p]suad$ ! (f5ce des]ves1 ev5 ) dea? itself1 9 crimes :]e ! he9\sness ( ! fact1 9 8 op9ion1 requires x4 ,b because no political society c be1 nor subsi/1 )\t hav+ 9 itself ! p[] to pres]ve ! prop]ty1 & 9 ord] !reunto1 puni% ! (f5ces ( all ^? ( t society2 !re1 & !re only is political society1 :]e e "o ( ! memb]s ha? quitt$ ?is natural p[]1 resign$ x up into ! h&s ( ! community 9 all cases t exclude him n f appeal+ = protection to ! law e/abli%$ by x4 ,& ?us all private judgm5t ( e p>ticul> memb] be+ exclud$1 ! community comes to be umpire1 by settl$ /&+ rules1 indiff]5t1 & ! same to all p>ties2 & by m5 hav+ au?ority f ! community1 = ! execution ( ^? rules1 decides all ! diff]5ces t may happ5 betwe5 any memb]s ( t society conc]n+ any matt] ( "r2 & puni%es ^? (f5ces :i* any memb] ha? committ$ aga9/ ! society1 ) su* p5alties z ! law has e/abli%$3 :]eby x is easy to disc]n1 :o are1 & :o are n1 9 political society toge!r4 ,^? :o are unit$ into "o body1 & h a common e/abli%$ law & judicature to appeal to1 ) au?ority to decide controv]sies betwe5 !m1 & puni% (f5d]s1 are 9 civil society "o ) ano!r3 b ^? :o h no su* common appeal1 ,i mean on e>?1 are /ill 9 ! /ate ( nature1 ea* be+1 :]e !re is no o!r1 judge = himself1 & execution]2 :i* is1 z ,i h be=e %ew$ x1 ! p]fect /ate ( nature4 ,sect4 #hh4 ,& ?us ! commonweal? comes by a p[] to set d[n :at puni%m5t %all belong to ! sev]al transgressions :i* !y ?9k wor?y ( x1 committ$ among/ ! memb]s ( t society1 7:i* is ! p[] ( mak+ laws7 z well z x has ! p[] to puni% any injury done unto any ( its memb]s1 by any "o t is n ( x1 7:i* is ! p[] ( w> & peace27 & all ?is = ! pres]vation ( ! prop]ty ( all ! memb]s ( t society1 z f> z is possible4 ,b ?\gh e man :o has ent]$ into civil society1 & is become a memb] ( any commonweal?1 has !reby quitt$ 8 p[] to puni% (f5ces1 aga9/ ! law ( nature1 9 prosecution ( 8 own private judgm5t1 yet ) ! judgm5t ( (f5ces1 :i* he has giv5 up to ! legislative 9 all cases1 :]e he c appeal to ! magi/rate1 he has giv5 a "r to ! commonweal? to employ 8 =ce1 = ! execution ( ! judgm5ts ( ! commonweal?1 :5ev] he %all be call$ to x2 :i* inde$ are 8 own judgm5ts1 !y be+ made by himself1 or 8 repres5tative4 ,& h]e9 we h ! orig9al ( ! legislative & executive p[] ( civil society1 :i* is to judge by /&+ laws1 h[ f> (f5ces are to be puni%$1 :5 committ$ )9 ! commonweal?2 & also to det]m9e1 by occasional judgm5ts f\nd$ on ! pres5t circum/ances ( ! fact1 h[ f> injuries f )\t are to be v9dicat$2 & 9 bo? ^! to employ all ! =ce ( all ! memb]s1 :5 !re %all be ne$4 ,sect4 #hi4 ,:]e-ev] !re=e any numb] ( m5 are s unit$ into "o society1 z to quit e "o 8 executive p[] ( ! law ( nature1 & to resign x to ! public1 !re & !re only is a political1 or civil society4 ,& ?is is done1 :]e-ev] any numb] ( m51 9 ! /ate ( nature1 ent] into society to make "o p1 "o body politic1 "u "o supreme gov]nm5t2 or else :5 any "o jo9s himself to1 & incorporates ) any gov]nm5t already made3 = h]eby he au?orizes ! society1 or :i* is all "o1 ! legislative !re(1 to make laws = him1 z ! public good ( ! society %all require2 to ! execution :]e(1 8 own assi/ance 7z to 8 own decrees7 is due4 ,& ?is puts m5 out ( a /ate ( nature into t ( a commonweal?1 by sett+ up a judge on e>?1 ) au?ority to det]m9e all ! controv]sies1 & r$ress ! injuries t may happ5 to any memb] ( ! commonweal?2 :i* judge is ! legislative1 or magi/rates appo9t$ by x4 ,& :]e-ev] !re are any numb] ( m51 h[ev] associat$1 t h no su* decisive p[] to appeal to1 !re !y are /ill 9 ! /ate ( nature4 ,sect4 #ij4 ,h5ce x is evid5t1 t absolute mon>*y1 :i* by "s m5 is c\nt$ ! only gov]nm5t 9 ! _w1 is inde$ inconsi/5t ) civil society1 & s c be no =m ( civil-gov]nm5t at all3 = ! end ( civil society1 be+ to avoid1 & rem$y ^? inconv5i5cies ( ! /ate ( nature1 :i* necess>ily foll[ f e man's be+ judge 9 8 own case1 by sett+ up a kn[n au?ority1 to :i* e "o ( t society may appeal ^u any injury receiv$1 or controv]sy t may arise1 & :i* e "o ( ! society ought to obey299 :]e-ev] any p]sons are1 :o h n su* an au?ority to appeal to1 = ! decision ( any diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 !re ^? p]sons are /ill 9 ! /ate ( nature2 & s is e absolute pr9ce1 9 respect ( ^? :o are "u 8 dom9ion4 799,! public p[] ( all society is above e s\l conta9$ 9 ! same society2 & ! pr9cipal use ( t p[] is1 to give laws unto all t are "u x1 :i* laws 9 su* cases we mu/ obey1 unless !re be reason %ew$ :i* may necess>ily in=ce1 t ! law ( reason1 or ( ,god1 do? enjo9 ! contr>y1 ,hook4 ,eccl4 ,pol4 l4 i4 sect4 #af47 ,sect4 #ia4 ,= he be+ suppos$ to h all1 bo? legislative & executive p[] 9 himself alone1 !re is no judge to be f\nd1 no appeal lies op5 to any "o1 :o may fairly1 & indiff]5tly1 & ) au?ority decide1 & f ^: decision relief & r$ress may be expect$ ( any injury or inconvi5cy1 t may be suff]$ f ! pr9ce1 or by 8 ord]3 s t su* a man1 h[ev] intitl$1 ,cz>1 or ,gr& ,seignior1 or h[ y please1 is z mu* 9 ! /ate ( nature1 ) all "u 8 dom9ion1 z he is ) ! re/ ( mank9d3 = :]e-ev] any two m5 are1 :o h no /&+ rule1 & common judge to appeal to on e>?1 = ! det]m9ation ( controv]sies ( "r betwixt !m1 !re !y are /ill 9 ! /ate (99 nature1 & "u all ! inconv5i5cies ( x1 ) only ?is w(ul diff]5ce to ! subject1 or r slave ( an absolute pr9ce3 t :]eas1 9 ! ord9>y /ate ( nature1 he has a lib]ty to judge ( 8 "r1 & accord+ to ! be/ ( 8 p[]1 to ma9ta9 x2 n[1 :5ev] 8 prop]ty is invad$ by ! w & ord] ( 8 mon>*1 he has n only no appeal1 z ^? 9 society ought to h1 b z if he 7 degrad$ f ! common /ate ( rational creatures1 is d5i$ a lib]ty to judge (1 or to def5d 8 "r2 & s is expos$ to all ! mis]y & inconv5i5cies1 t a man c fe> f "o1 :o be+ 9 ! unre/ra9$ /ate ( nature1 is yet corrupt$ ) flatt]y1 & arm$ ) p[]4 799,to take away all su* mutual grievances1 injuries & wrongs1 i4e4 su* z att5d m5 9 ! /ate ( nature1 !re 0 no way b only by gr[+ into composition & agreem5t among/ !mselves1 by orda9+ "s k9d ( govemm5t public1 & by yield+ !mselves subject !reunto1 t unto :om !y grant$ au?ority to rule & govem1 by !m ! peace1 tranquillity & happy e/ate ( ! re/ might be procur$4 ,m5 always knew t :]e =ce & injury 0 (f]$1 !y might be def5d]s ( !mselves2 !y knew t h[ev] m5 may seek _! own commodity1 yet if ?is 7 done ) injury unto o!rs1 x 0 n to be suff]$1 b by all m51 & all good means to be )/ood4 ,f9ally1 !y knew t no man might 9 reason take ^u him to det]m9e 8 own "r1 & accord+ to 8 own det]m9ation proce$ 9 ma9t5ance !re(1 9 z mu* z e man is t[>ds himself1 & !m :om he greatly affects1 p>tial2 & !re=e t /rifes & tr\bles w\ld be endless1 except !y gave _! common cons5t1 all to be ord]$ by "s1 :om !y %\ld agree ^u1 )\t :i* cons5t !re w\ld be no reason t "o man %\ld take ^u him to be "l or judge ov] ano!r1 ,hook]'s ,eccl4 ,pol4 l4 i4 sect4 #aj47 ,sect4 #ib4 ,= he t ?9ks absolute p[] purifies m5's blood1 & corrects ! bas5ess ( human nature1 ne$ read b ! hi/ory ( ?is1 or any o!r age1 to be conv9c$ ( ! contr>y4 ,he t w\ld h be5 insol5t & injuri\s 9 ! woods ( ,am]ica1 w\ld n probably be mu* bett] 9 a ?rone2 :]e p]haps le>n+ & religion %all be f\nd out to ju/ify all t he %all d to 8 subjects1 & ! sword pres5tly sil5ce all ^? t d>e "q x3 = :at ! protection ( absolute mon>*y is1 :at k9d ( fa!rs ( _! c\ntries x makes pr9ces to be & to :at a degree ( happ9ess & security x c>ries civil society1 :]e ?is sort ( gov]nm5t is gr[n to p]fection1 he t w look into ! late relation ( ,ceylon1 may easily see4 ,sect4 #ic4 ,9 absolute mon>*ies inde$1 z well z o!r gov]nm5ts ( ! _w1 ! subjects h an appeal to ! law1 & judges to decide any controv]sies1 & re/ra9 any viol5ce t may happ5 betwixt ! subjects !mselves1 "o among/ ano!r4 ,?is e "o ?9ks necess>y1 & believes he des]ves to be ?\ght a decl>$ enemy to society & mank9d1 :o %\ld g ab\t to take x away4 ,b :e!r ?is be f a true love ( mank9d & society1 & su* a *>ity z we owe all "o to ano!r1 !re is reason to d\bt3 = ?is is no m ?an :at e man1 :o loves 8 own p[]1 pr(it1 or greatness1 may & naturally mu/ d1 keep ^? animals f hurt+1 or de/roy+ "o ano!r1 :o lab\r & drudge only = 8 pleasure & advantage2 & s are tak5 c>e (1 n out ( any love ! ma/] has = !m1 b love ( himself1 & ! pr(it !y br+ him3 = if x be ask$1 :at security1 :at f5ce is !re1 9 su* a /ate1 aga9/ ! viol5ce & oppression ( ?is absolute rul]8 ! v "q c sc>ce be borne4 ,!y are ready to tell y1 t x des]ves dea? only to ask aft] safety4 ,betwixt subject & subject1 !y w grant1 !re mu/ be measures1 laws & judges1 = _! mutual peace & security3 b z = ! rul]1 he ought to be absolute1 & is above all su* circum/ances2 because he has p[] to d m hurt & wrong1 x is "r :5 he does x4 ,to ask h[ y may be gu>d$ f h>m1 or injury1 on t side :]e ! /ronge/ h& is to d x1 is pres5tly ! voice ( faction & rebellion3 z if :5 m5 quitt+ ! /ate ( nature ent]$ into society1 !y agre$ t all ( !m b "o1 %\ld be "u ! re/ra9t ( laws1 b t he %\ld /ill reta9 all ! lib]ty ( ! /ate ( nature1 increas$ ) p[]1 & made lic5ti\s by impunity4 ,?is is to ?9k1 t m5 are s fooli%1 t !y take c>e to avoid :at mis*iefs may be done !m by pole-cats1 or foxes2 b are cont5t1 nay1 ?9k x safety1 to be dev\r$ by lions4 ,sect4 #id4 ,b :atev] flatt]]s may talk to amuse p's und]/&+s1 x h9d]s n m5 f feel+2 & :5 !y p]ceive1 t any man1 9 :at /ation soev]1 is out ( ! b\nds ( ! civil society :i* !y are (1 & t !y h no appeal on e>? aga9/ any h>m1 !y may receive f him1 !y are apt to ?9k !mselves 9 ! /ate ( nature1 9 respect ( him :om !y f9d to be s2 & to take c>e1 z soon z !y c1 to h t safety & security 9 civil society1 = :i* x 0 fir/ in/itut$1 & = :i* only !y ent]$ into x4 ,& !re=e1 ?\gh p]haps at fir/1 7z %all be %ew$ m at l>ge h]eaft] 9 ! foll[+ "p ( ?is disc\rse7 "s "o good & excell5t man hav+ got a pre-em95cy among/ ! re/1 _h ?is def]5ce paid to 8 goodness & virtue1 z to a k9d ( natural au?ority1 t ! *ief rule1 ) arbitration ( _! diff]5ces1 by a tacit cons5t devolv$ into 8 h&s1 )\t any o!r caution1 b ! assurance !y _h ( 8 uprightness & wisdom2 yet :5 "t1 giv+ au?ority1 & 7z "s m5 w\ld p]suade u7 sacr$ness ( cu/oms1 :i* ! neglig5t1 & un=esee+ innoc5ce ( ! fir/ ages began1 _h br\ght 9 successors ( ano!r /amp1 ! p f9d+ _! prop]ties n secure "u ! gov]nm5t1 z !n x 01 7:]eas gov]nm5t has no o!r end b ! pres]vation (99 prop]ty7 c\ld nev] be safe nor at re/1 nor ?9k !mselves 9 civil society1 till ! legislature 0 plac$ 9 collective bodies ( m51 call !m s5ate1 p>liam5t1 or :at y please4 ,by :i* means e s+le p]son became subject1 equally ) o!r ! meane/ m51 to ^? laws1 :i* he himself1 z "p ( ! legislative1 _h e/abli%$2 nor c\ld any "o1 by 8 own au?ority2 avoid ! =ce ( ! law1 :5 once made2 nor by any pret5ce ( sup]iority plead exemption1 !reby to lic5se 8 own1 or ! misc>riages ( any ( 8 dep5d5ts49999 ,no man 9 civil society c be exempt$ f ! laws ( x3 = if any man may d :at he ?9ks fit1 & !re be no appeal on e>?1 = r$ress or security aga9/ any h>m he %all d2 ,i ask1 :e!r he be n p]fectly /ill 9 ! /ate ( nature1 & s c be no "p or memb] ( t civil society2 unless any "o w say1 ! /ate ( nature & civil society are "o & ! same ?+1 :i* ,i h nev] yet f\nd any "o s great a patron ( an>*y z to affirm4 799,at ! fir/1 :5 "s c]ta9 k9d ( regim5t 0 once appo9t$1 x may be t no?+ 0 !n f>!r ?\ght ^u = ! mann] ( govem+1 b all p]mitt$ unto _! wisdom & discretion1 :i* 7 to rule1 till by exp]i5ce !y f\nd ?is = all p>ts v inconv5i5t1 s z ! ?+ :i* !y _h devis$ = a rem$y1 did inde$ b increase ! sore1 :i* x %\ld h cur$4 ,!y saw1 t to live by "o man's w1 became ! cause ( all m5's mis]y4 ,?is con/ra9$ !m to come unto laws1 :]e9 all m5 might see _! duty be=eh&1 & "k ! p5alties ( transgress+ !m4 ,hook]'s ,eccl4 ,pol4 l4 i4 sect4 #aj47 79999,civil law be+ ! act ( ! :ole body politic1 do? !re=e ov]-rule ea* sev]al "p ( ! same body4 ,hook]1 ibid47 ,,*apt]4 ,,viii4 ,,( ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,political ,,societies4 ,sect4 #ie4 ,,m5 be+1 z has be5 said1 by nature1 all free1 equal1 & indep5d5t1 no "o c be put out ( ?is e/ate1 & subject$ to ! political p[] ( ano!r1 )\t 8 own cons5t4 ,! only way :]eby any "o dive/s himself ( 8 natural lib]ty1 & puts on ! bonds ( civil society1 is by agree+ ) o!r m5 to jo9 & unite into a community = _! com=table1 safe1 & peaceable liv+ "o among/ ano!r1 9 a secure enjoym5t ( _! prop]ties1 & a great] security aga9/ any1 t are n ( x4 ,?is any numb] ( m5 may d1 because x injures n ! fre$om ( ! re/2 !y are left z !y 7 9 ! lib]ty ( ! /ate ( nature4 ,:5 any numb] ( m5 h s cons5t$ to make "o community or gov]nm5t1 !y are !reby pres5tly incorporat$1 & make "o body politic1 :]e9 ! majority h a "r to act & conclude ! re/4 ,sect4 #if4 ,= :5 any numb] ( m5 h1 by ! cons5t ( e individual1 made a community1 !y h !reby made t community "o body1 ) a p[] to act z "o body1 :i* is only by ! w & det]m9ation ( ! majority3 = t :i* acts any community1 be+ only ! cons5t ( ! individuals ( x1 & x be+ necess>y to t :i* is "o body to move "o way2 x is necess>y ! body %\ld move t way :i!r ! great] =ce c>ries x1 :i* is ! cons5t ( ! majority3 or else x is impossible x %\ld act or cont9ue "o body1 "o community1 :i* ! cons5t ( e individual t unit$ into x1 agre$ t x %\ld2 & s e "o is b\nd by t cons5t to be conclud$ by ! majority4 ,& !re=e we see1 t 9 assemblies1 imp[]$ to act by positive laws1 :]e no numb] is set by t positive law :i* imp[]s !m1 ! act ( ! majority passes = ! act ( ! :ole1 & ( c\rse det]m9es1 z hav+1 by ! law ( nature & reason1 ! p[] ( ! :ole4 ,sect4 #ig4 ,& ?us e man1 by cons5t+ ) o!rs to make "o body politic "u "o gov]nm5t1 puts himself "u an obligation1 to e "o ( t society1 to submit to ! det]m9ation ( ! majority1 & to be conclud$ by x2 or else ?is orig9al compact1 :]eby he ) o!rs incorporates into "o society1 w\ld signify no?+1 & be no compact1 if he be left free1 & "u no o!r ties ?an he 0 9 be=e 9 ! /ate ( nature4 ,= :at appe>ance w\ld !re be ( any compact8 :at new engagem5t if he 7 no f>!r ti$ by any decrees ( ! society1 ?an he himself ?\ght fit1 & did actually cons5t to8 ,?is w\ld be /ill z great a lib]ty1 z he himself _h be=e 8 compact1 or any "o else 9 ! /ate ( nature ha?1 :o may submit himself1 & cons5t to any acts ( x if he ?9ks fit4 ,sect4 #ih4 ,= if ! cons5t ( ! majority %all n1 9 reason1 be receiv$ z ! act ( ! :ole1 & conclude e individual2 no?+ b ! cons5t ( e individual c make any ?+ to be ! act ( ! :ole3 b su* a cons5t is next to impossible ev] to be _h1 if we consid] ! infirmities ( heal?1 & avocations ( bus9ess1 :i* 9 a numb]1 ?\gh mu* less ?an t ( a commonweal?1 w necess>ily keep _m away f ! public assembly4 ,to :i* if we add ! v>iety ( op9ions1 & contr>iety ( int]e/s1 :i* unavoidably happ5 9 all collections ( m51 ! com+ into society ^u su* t]ms w\ld be only l ,cato's com+ into ! !atre1 only to g out aga94 ,su* a con/itution z ?is w\ld make ! mighty ,levia?an ( a %ort] duration1 ?an ! feeble/ creatures1 & n let x outla/ ! day x 0 born 93 :i* _c be suppos$1 till we c ?9k1 t rational creatures %\ld desire & con/itute societies only to be dissolv$3 = :]e ! majority _c conclude ! re/1 !re !y _c act z "o body1 & consequ5tly w be imm$iately dissolv$ aga94 ,sect4 #ii4 ,:osoev] !re=e out ( a /ate ( nature unite into a community1 mu/ be und]/ood to give up all ! p[]1 necess>y to ! ends = :i* !y unite into society1 to ! majority ( ! community1 unless !y expresly agre$ 9 any numb] great] ?an ! majority4 ,& ?is is done by b>ely agree+ to unite into "o political society1 :i* is all ! compact t is1 or ne$s be1 betwe5 ! individuals1 t ent] into1 or make up a commonweal?4 ,& ?us t1 :i* beg9s & actually con/itutes any political society1 is no?+ b ! cons5t ( any numb] ( freem5 capable ( a majority to unite & incorporate into su* a society4 ,& ?is is t1 & t only1 :i* did1 or c\ld give beg9n+ to any lawful gov]nm5t 9 ! _w4 ,sect4 #ajj4 ,to ?is ,i f9d two objections made4 ,fir/1 ,t !re are no in/ances to be f\nd 9 /ory1 ( a company ( m5 indep5d5t1 & equal "o among/ ano!r1 t met toge!r1 & 9 ?is way began & set up a gov]nm5t4 ,secondly1 ,x is impossible ( "r1 t m5 %\ld d s1 because all m5 be+ born "u gov]nm5t1 !y are to submit to t1 & are n at lib]ty to beg9 a new "o4 ,sect4 #aja4 ,to ! fir/ !re is ?is to answ]1 ,t x is n at all to be wond]$1 t hi/ory gives u b a v little acc\nt ( m51 t liv$ toge!r 9 ! /ate ( nature4 ,! inconv5i5ces ( t condition1 & ! love & want ( society1 no soon] br\ght any numb] ( !m toge!r1 b !y pres5tly unit$ & incorporat$1 if !y design$ to cont9ue toge!r4 ,& if we may n suppose m5 ev] to h be5 9 ! /ate ( nature1 because we he> n mu* ( !m 9 su* a /ate1 we may z well suppose ! armies ( ,salmanass] or ,x]xes 7 nev] *ildr51 because we he> little ( !m1 till !y 7 m51 & imbodi$ 9 armies4 ,gov]nm5t is e :]e antec$5t to records1 & lett]s seldom come 9 among/ a p till a long cont9uation ( civil society has1 by o!r m necess>y arts1 provid$ = _! safety1 ease1 & pl5ty3 & !n !y beg9 to look aft] ! hi/ory ( _! f\nd]s1 & se>* into _! orig9al1 :5 !y h outliv$ ! memory ( x3 = x is ) commonweal?s z ) p>ticul> p]sons1 !y are commonly ignorant ( _! own bir?s & infancies3 & if !y "k any ?+ ( _! orig9al1 !y are behold5 = x1 to ! accid5tal records t o!rs h kept ( x4 ,& ^? t we h1 ( ! beg9n+ ( any polities 9 ! _w1 except+ t ( ! ,jews1 :]e ,god himself imm$iately int]pos$1 & :i* fav\rs n at all pat]nal dom9ion1 are all ei!r pla9 in/ances ( su* a beg9n+ z ,i h m5tion$1 or at lea/ h manife/ foot/eps ( x4 ,sect4 #ajb4 ,he mu/ %ew a /range incl9ation to d5y evid5t matt] ( fact1 :5 x agrees n ) 8 hypo!sis1 :o w n all[1 t ! beg9n+ ( ,rome & ,v5ice 7 by ! unit+ toge!r ( sev]al m5 free & indep5d5t "o ( ano!r1 among/ :om !re 0 no natural sup]iority or subjection4 ,& if ,josephus ,aco/a's ^w may be tak51 he tells u1 t 9 _m p>ts ( ,am]ica !re 0 no gov]nm5t at all4 ,!re are great & app>5t conjectures1 says he1 t ^! m51 speak+ ( ^? ( ,p]u1 = a long "t _h nei!r k+s nor commonweal?s1 b liv$ 9 troops1 z !y d ?is day 9 ,florida1 ! ,*]iquanas1 ^? ( ,brazil1 & _m o!r nations1 :i* h no c]ta9 k+s1 b z occasion is (f]$1 9 peace or w>1 !y *oose _! capta9s z !y please1 #a4 i4 c4 #be4 ,if x be said1 t e man !re 0 born subject to 8 fa!r1 or ! head ( 8 family2 t ! subjection due f a *ild to a fa!r took n away 8 fre$om ( unit+ into :at political society he ?\ght fit1 has be5 already prov$4 ,b be t z x w1 ^! m51 x is evid5t1 7 actually free2 & :atev] sup]iority "s politicians n[ w\ld place 9 any ( !m1 !y !mselves claim$ x n1 b by cons5t 7 all equal1 till by ! same cons5t !y set rul]s ov] !mselves4 ,s t _! politic societies all began f a volunt>y union1 & ! mutual agreem5t ( m5 freely act+ 9 ! *oice ( _! gov]nors1 & =ms ( gov]nm5t4 ,sect4 #ajc4 ,& ,i hope ^? :o w5t away f ,sp>ta ) ,palantus1 m5tion$ by ,ju/91 #a4 iii4 c4 #d4 w be all[$ to h be5 freem5 indep5d5t "o ( ano!r1 & to h set up a gov]nm5t ov] !mselves1 by _! own cons5t4 ,?us ,i h giv5 sev]al examples1 out ( hi/ory1 ( p free & 9 ! /ate ( nature1 t be+ met toge!r incorporat$ & began a commonweal?4 ,& if ! want ( su* in/ances be an argum5t to prove t gov]nm5t 7 n1 nor c\ld n be s begun1 ,i suppose ! cont5d]s = pat]nal empire 7 bett] let x alone1 ?an urge x aga9/ natural lib]ty3 = if !y c give s _m in/ances1 out ( hi/ory1 ( gov]nm5ts begun ^u pat]nal "r1 ,i ?9k 7?\gh at be/ an argum5t f :at has be51 to :at %\ld ( "r be1 has no great =ce7 "o might1 )\t any great dang]1 yield !m ! cause4 ,b if ,i might advise !m 9 ! case1 !y w\ld d well n to se>* too mu* into ! orig9al ( gov]nm5ts1 z !y h begun de facto1 le/ !y %\ld f9d1 at ! f\ndation ( mo/ ( !m1 some?+ v little fav\rable to ! design !y promote1 & su* a p[] z !y cont5d =4 ,sect4 #ajd4 ,b to conclude1 reason be+ pla9 on our side1 t m5 are naturally free1 & ! examples ( hi/ory %ew+1 t ! gov]nm5ts ( ! _w1 t 7 begun 9 peace1 _h _! beg9n+ laid on t f\ndation1 & 7 made by ! cons5t ( ! p2 !re c be little room = d\bt1 ei!r :]e ! "r is1 or :at has be5 ! op9ion1 or practice ( mank9d1 ab\t ! fir/ erect+ ( gov]nm5ts4 ,sect4 #aje4 ,i w n d5y1 t if we look back z f> z hi/ory w direct u1 t[>ds ! orig9al ( commonweal?s1 we %all g5]ally f9d !m "u ! gov]nm5t & adm9i/ration ( "o man4 ,& ,i am also apt to believe1 t :]e a family 0 num]\s en\gh to subsi/ by itself1 & cont9u$ entire toge!r1 )\t mix+ ) o!rs1 z x (t5 happ5s1 :]e !re is mu* l&1 & few p1 ! gov]nm5t commonly began 9 ! fa!r3 = ! fa!r hav+1 by ! law ( nature1 ! same p[] ) e man else to puni%1 z he ?\ght fit1 any (f5ces aga9/ t law1 might !reby puni% 8 transgress+ *ildr51 ev5 :5 !y 7 m51 & out ( _! pupilage2 & !y 7 v likely to submit to 8 puni%m5t1 & all jo9 ) him aga9/ ! (f5d]1 9 _! turns1 giv+ him !reby p[] to execute 8 s5t5ce aga9/ any transgression1 & s 9 effect make him ! law-mak]1 & gov]nor ov] all t rema9$ 9 conjunction ) 8 family4 ,he 0 fitte/ to be tru/$2 pat]nal affection secur$ _! prop]ty & int]e/ "u 8 c>e2 & ! cu/om ( obey+ him1 9 _! *ildhood1 made x easi] to submit to him1 r ?an to any o!r4 ,if !re=e !y mu/ h "o to rule !m1 z gov]nm5t is h>dly to be avoid$ among/ m5 t live toge!r2 :o s likely to be ! man z he t 0 _! common fa!r2 unless neglig5ce1 cruelty1 or any o!r defect ( m9d or body made him unfit = x8 ,b :5 ei!r ! fa!r di$1 & left 8 next heir1 = want ( age1 wisdom1 c\rage1 or any o!r qualities1 less fit = rule2 or :]e sev]al families met1 & cons5t$ to cont9ue toge!r2 !re1 x is n to be d\bt$1 b !y us$ _! natural fre$om1 to set up him1 :om !y judg$ ! able/1 & mo/ likely1 to rule well ov] !m4 ,con=mable h]eunto we f9d ! p ( ,am]ica1 :o 7liv+ out ( ! rea* ( ! conqu]+ swords1 & spread+ dom9ation ( ! two great empires ( ,p]u & ,mexico7 enjoy$ _! own natural fre$om1 ?\gh1 caet]is p>ibus1 !y commonly pref] ! heir ( _! deceas$ k+2 yet if !y f9d him any way weak1 or uncapable1 !y pass him by1 & set up ! /\te/ & brave/ man = _! rul]4 ,sect4 #ajf4 ,?us1 ?\gh look+ back z f> z records give u any acc\nt ( peopl+ ! _w1 & ! hi/ory ( nations1 we commonly f9d ! gov]nm5t to be 9 "o h&2 yet x de/roys n t :i* ,i affirm1 viz4 t ! beg9n+ ( politic society dep5ds ^u ! cons5t ( ! individuals1 to jo9 into1 & make "o society2 :o1 :5 !y are ?us incorporat$1 might set up :at =m ( gov]nm5t !y ?\ght fit4 ,b ?is hav+ giv5 occasion to m5 to mi/ake1 & ?9k1 t by nature gov]nm5t 0 mon>*ical1 & belong$ to ! fa!r1 x may n be amiss "h to consid]1 :y p 9 ! beg9n+ g5]ally pit*$ ^u ?is =m1 :i* ?\gh p]haps ! fa!r's pre-em95cy might1 9 ! fir/ in/itution ( "s commonweal?s1 give a rise to1 & place 9 ! beg9n+1 ! p[] 9 "o h&2 yet x is pla9 t ! reason1 t cont9u$ ! =m ( gov]nm5t 9 a s+le p]son1 0 n any reg>d1 or respect to pat]nal au?ority2 s9ce all petty mon>*ies1 t is1 almo/ all mon>*ies1 ne> _! orig9al1 h be5 commonly1 at lea/ ^u occasion1 elective4 ,sect4 #ajg4 ,fir/ !n1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?+s1 ! fa!r's gov]nm5t ( ! *ildhood ( ^? sprung f him1 hav+ accu/om$ !m to ! rule ( "o man1 & taught !m t :]e x 0 ex]cis$ ) c>e & skill1 ) affection & love to ^? "u x1 x 0 suffici5t to procure & pres]ve to m5 all ! political happ9ess !y s\ght = 9 society4 ,x 0 no wond] t !y %\ld pit* ^u1 & naturally run into t =m ( gov]nm5t1 :i* f _! infancy !y _h be5 all accu/om$ to2 & :i*1 by exp]i5ce1 !y _h f\nd bo? easy & safe4 ,to :i*1 if we add1 t mon>*y be+ simple1 & mo/ obvi\s to m51 :om nei!r exp]i5ce _h in/ruct$ 9 =ms ( gov]nm5t1 nor ! ambition or insol5ce ( empire _h taught to bew>e ( ! encroa*m5ts ( pr]ogative1 or ! inconv5i5ces ( absolute p[]1 :i* mon>*y 9 succession 0 apt to lay claim to1 & br+ ^u !m1 x 0 n at all /range1 t !y %\ld n mu* tr\ble !mselves to ?9k ( me?ods ( re/ra9+ any exorbitances ( ^? to :om !y _h giv5 ! au?ority ov] !m1 & ( balanc+ ! p[] ( gov]nm5t1 by plac+ sev]al p>ts ( x 9 diff]5t h&s4 ,!y _h nei!r felt ! oppression ( tyrannical dom9ion1 nor did ! fa%ion ( ! age1 nor _! possessions1 or way ( liv+1 7:i* af=d$ little matt] = covet\sness or ambition7 give !m any reason to appreh5d or provide aga9/ x2 & !re=e x is no wond] !y put !mselves into su* a frame ( gov]nm5t1 z 0 n only1 z ,i said1 mo/ obvi\s & simple1 b also be/ suit$ to _! pres5t /ate & condition2 :i* /ood m 9 ne$ ( def5ce aga9/ =eign invasions & injuries1 ?an ( multiplicity ( laws4 ,! equality ( a simple poor way ( liv+1 conf9+ _! desires )9 ! n>r[ b\nds ( ea* man's small prop]ty1 made few controv]sies1 & s no ne$ ( _m laws to decide !m1 or v>iety ( (fic]s to sup]9t5d ! process1 or look aft] ! execution ( ju/ice1 :]e !re 7 b few trespasses1 & few (f5d]s4 ,s9ce !n ^?1 :o l "o ano!r s well z to jo9 into society1 _c b be suppos$ to h "s acqua9tance & fri5d%ip toge!r1 & "s tru/ "o 9 ano!r2 !y c\ld n b h great] appreh5sions ( o!rs1 ?an ( "o ano!r3 & !re=e _! fir/ c>e & ?\ght _c b be suppos$ to be1 h[ to secure !mselves aga9/ =eign =ce4 ,x 0 natural = !m to put !mselves "u a frame ( gov]nm5t :i* might be/ s]ve to t end1 & *use ! wise/ & brave/ man to conduct !m 9 _! w>s1 & lead !m out aga9/ _! enemies1 & 9 ?is *iefly be _! rul]4 ,sect4 #ajh4 ,?us we see1 t ! k+s ( ! ,indians 9 ,am]ica1 :i* is /ill a patt]n ( ! fir/ ages 9 ,asia & ,europe1 :il/ ! inhabitants 7 too few = ! c\ntry1 & want ( p & money gave m5 no temptation to enl>ge _! possessions ( l&1 or conte/ = wid] ext5t ( gr\nd1 are little m ?an g5]als ( _! armies2 & ?\gh !y comm& absolutely 9 w>1 yet at home & 9 "t ( peace !y ex]cise v little dom9ion1 & h b a v mod]ate sov]eignty1 ! resolutions ( peace & w> be+ ord9>ily ei!r 9 ! p1 or 9 a c\ncil4 ,?o' ! w> itself1 :i* admits n ( plurality ( gov]nors1 naturally devolves ! comm& into ! k+'s sole au?ority4 ,sect4 #aji4 ,& ?us 9 ,israel itself1 ! *ief bus9ess ( _! judges1 & fir/ k+s1 seems to h be5 to be capta9s 9 w>1 & lead]s ( _! armies2 :i* 7besides :at is signifi$ by go+ out & 9 be=e ! p1 :i* 01 to m>* =? to w>1 & home aga9 9 ! heads ( _! =ces7 appe>s pla9ly 9 ! /ory ( ,jeph?a4 ,! ,ammonites mak+ w> ^u ,israel1 ! ,gileadites 9 fe> s5d to ,jeph?a1 a ba/>d ( _! family :om !y _h ca/ (f1 & article ) him1 if he w assi/ !m aga9/ ! ,ammonites1 to make him _! rul]2 :i* !y d 9 ^! words1 ,& ! p made him head & capta9 ov] !m1 ,judg4 xi1 #aa4 :i* 01 z x seems1 all "o z to be judge4 ,& he judg$ ,israel1 judg4 xii4 #g4 t is1 0 _! capta9-g5]al six ye>s4 ,s :5 ,jo?am upbraids ! ,%e*emites ) ! obligation !y _h to ,gideon1 :o _h be5 _! judge & rul]1 he tells !m1 ,he f\ght = y1 & adv5tur$ 8 life f>1 & deliv]$ y out ( ! h&s ( ,midian1 ,judg4 ix4 #ag4 ,no?+ m5tion$ ( him b :at he did z a g5]al3 & inde$ t is all is f\nd 9 8 hi/ory1 or 9 any ( ! re/ ( ! judges4 ,& ,abimele* p>ticul>ly is call$ k+1 ?\gh at mo/ he 0 b _! g5]al4 ,& :51 be+ we>y ( ! ill conduct ( ,samuel's sons1 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel desir$ a k+1 l all ! nations to judge !m1 & to g out be=e !m1 & to fight _! battles1 ,i4 ,sam viii4 #bj4 ,god grant+ _! desire1 says to ,samuel1 ,i w s5d !e a man1 & ?\ %alt ano9t him to be capta9 ov] my p ,israel1 t he may save my p out ( ! h&s ( ! ,phili/9es1 ix4 #af4 ,z if ! only bus9ess ( a k+ _h be5 to lead out _! armies1 & fight 9 _! def5ce2 & accord+ly at 8 inauguration p\r+ a vial ( oil ^u him1 decl>es to ,saul1 t ! ,"l _h ano9t$ him to be capta9 ov] 8 inh]itance1 x4 #a4 ,& !re=e ^?1 :o aft] ,saul's be+ solemnly *os5 & salut$ k+ by ! tribes at ,mispah1 7 unwill+ to h him _! k+1 made no o!r objection b ?is1 ,h[ %all ?is man save u8 v4 #bg4 z if !y %\ld h said1 ?is man is unfit to be our k+1 n hav+ skill & conduct en\gh 9 w>1 to be able to def5d u4 ,& :5 ,god resolv$ to transf] ! gov]nm5t to ,david1 x is 9 ^! words1 ,b n[ ?y k+dom %all n cont9ue3 ! ,"l ha? s\ght him a man aft] 8 own he>t1 & ! ,"l ha? comm&$ him to be capta9 ov] 8 p1 xiii4 #ad4 ,z if ! :ole k+ly au?ority 7 no?+ else b to be _! g5]al3 & !re=e ! tribes :o _h /uck to ,saul's family1 & oppos$ ,david's reign1 :5 !y came to ,hebron ) t]ms ( submission to him1 !y tell him1 among/ o!r argum5ts !y _h to submit to him z to _! k+1 t he 0 9 effect _! k+ 9 ,saul's "t1 & !re=e !y _h no reason b to receive him z _! k+ n[4 ,also 7say !y7 9 "t pa/1 :5 ,saul 0 k+ ov] u1 ?\ wa/ he t r$de/ out & br\ghte/ 9 ,israel1 & ! ,"l said unto !e1 ,?\ %alt fe$ my p ,israel1 & ?\ %alt be a capta9 ov] ,israel4 ,sect4 #aaj4 ,?us1 :e!r a family by degrees grew up into a commonweal?1 & ! fa!rly au?ority be+ cont9u$ on to ! eld] son1 e "o 9 8 turn gr[+ up "u x1 tacitly submitt$ to x1 & ! eas9ess & equality ( x n (f5d+ any "o1 e "o acquiesc$1 till "t seem$ to h confirm$ x1 & settl$ a "r ( succession by prescription3 or :e!r sev]al families1 or ! desc5dants ( sev]al families1 :om *ance1 neighb\rhood1 or bus9ess br\ght toge!r1 unit+ into society1 ! ne$ ( a g5]al1 ^: conduct might def5d !m aga9/ _! enemies 9 w>1 & ! great confid5ce ! innoc5ce & s9c]ity ( t poor b virtu\s age1 7su* z are almo/ all ^? :i* beg9 gov]nm5ts1 t ev] come to la/ 9 ! _w7 gave m5 "o ( ano!r1 made ! fir/ beg9n]s ( commonweal?s g5]ally put ! rule into "o man's h&1 )\t any o!r express limitation or re/ra9t1 b :at ! nature ( ! ?+1 & ! end ( gov]nm5t requir$3 :i* ev] ( ^? x 0 t at fir/ put ! rule into ! h&s ( a s+le p]son1 c]ta9 x is no body 0 intru/$ ) x b = ! public good & safety1 & to ^? ends1 9 ! infancies ( commonweal?s1 ^? :o _h x commonly us$ x4 ,& unless !y _h done s1 "y societies c\ld n h subsi/$2 )\t su* nurs+ fa!rs t5d] & c>eful ( ! public weal1 all gov]nm5ts w\ld h sunk "u ! weakness & infirmities ( _! infancy1 & ! pr9ce & ! p _h soon p]i%$ toge!r4 ,sect4 #aaa4 ,b ?\gh ! gold5 age 7be=e va9 ambition1 & amor scel]atus hab5di1 evil concupisc5ce1 _h corrupt$ m5's m9ds into a mi/ake ( true p[] & hon\r7 _h m virtue1 & consequ5tly bett] gov]nors1 z well z less vici\s subjects1 & !re 0 !n no /ret*+ pr]ogative on ! "o side1 to oppress ! p2 nor consequ5tly on ! o!r1 any dispute ab\t privilege1 to less5 or re/ra9 ! p[] ( ! magi/rate1 & s no conte/ betwixt rul]s & p ab\t gov]nors or gov]nm5t3 yet1 :5 ambition & luxury 9 future ages99 w\ld reta9 & increase ! p[]1 )\t do+ ! bus9ess = :i* x 0 giv52 & aid$ by flatt]y1 taught pr9ces to h di/9ct & sep>ate int]e/s f _! p1 m5 f\nd x necess>y to exam9e m c>efully ! orig9al & rights ( gov]nm5t2 & to f9d out ways to re/ra9 ! exorbitances1 & prev5t ! abuses ( t p[]1 :i* !y hav+ intru/$ 9 ano!r's h&s only = _! own good1 !y f\nd 0 made use ( to hurt !m4 799,at fir/1 :5 "s c]ta9 k9d ( regim5t 0 once approv$1 x may be no?+ 0 !n f>!r ?\ght ^u = ! mann] ( gov]n+1 b all p]mitt$ unto _! wisdom & discretion :i* 7 to rule1 till by exp]i5ce !y f\nd ?is = all p>ts v inconv5i5t1 s z ! ?+ :i* !y _h devis$ = a rem$y1 did inde$ b increase ! sore :i* x %\ld h cur$4 ,!y saw1 t to live by "o man's w1 became ! cause ( all m5's mis]y4 ,?is con/ra9$ !m to come unto laws :]e9 all m5 might see _! duty be=e h&1 & "k ! p5alties ( transgress+ !m4 ,hook]'s ,eccl4 ,pol4 l4 i4 sect4 #aj47 ,sect4 #aab4 ,?us we may see h[ probable x is1 t p t 7 naturally free1 & by _! own cons5t ei!r submitt$ to ! gov]nm5t ( _! fa!r1 or unit$ toge!r out ( diff]5t families to make a gov]nm5t1 %\ld g5]ally put ! rule into "o man's h&s1 & *use to be "u ! conduct ( a s+le p]son1 )\t s mu* z by express conditions limit+ or regulat+ 8 p[]1 :i* !y ?\ght safe en\gh 9 8 hone/y & prud5ce2 ?\gh !y nev] dream$ ( mon>*y be+ lure ,div9o1 :i* we nev] he>d ( among mank9d1 till x 0 reveal$ to u by ! div9ity ( ?is la/ age2 nor ev] all[$ pat]nal p[] to h a "r to dom9ion1 or to be ! f\ndation ( all gov]nm5t4 ,& ?us mu* may suffice to %ew1 t z f> z we h any light f hi/ory1 we h reason to conclude1 t all peaceful beg9n+s ( gov]nm5t h be5 laid 9 ! cons5t ( ! p4 ,i say peaceful1 because ,i %all h occasion 9 ano!r place to speak ( conque/1 :i* "s e/eem a way ( beg9n+ ( gov]nm5ts4 ,! o!r objection ,i f9d urg$ aga9/ ! beg9n+ ( polities1 9 ! way ,i h m5tion$1 is ?is1 viz4 ,sect4 #aac4 ,t all m5 be+ born "u gov]nm5t1 "s or o!r1 x is impossible any ( !m %\ld ev] be free1 & at lib]ty to unite toge!r1 & beg9 a new "o1 or ev] be able to erect a lawful gov]nm5t4 ,if ?is argum5t be good2 ,i ask1 h[ came s _m lawful mon>*ies into ! _w8 = if any body1 ^u ?is supposition1 c %ew me any "o man 9 any age ( ! _w free to beg9 a lawful mon>*y1 ,i w be b\nd to %ew him t5 o!r free m5 at lib]ty1 at ! same "t to unite & beg9 a new gov]nm5t "u a regal1 or any o!r =m2 x be+ demon/ration1 t if any "o1 born "u ! dom9ion ( ano!r1 may be s free z to h a "r to comm& o!rs 9 a new & di/9ct empire1 e "o t is born "u ! dom9ion ( ano!r may be s free too1 & may become a rul]1 or subject1 ( a di/9ct sep>ate gov]nm5t4 ,& s by ?is _! own pr9ciple1 ei!r all m51 h[ev] born1 are free1 or else !re is b "o lawful pr9ce1 "o lawful gov]nm5t 9 ! _w4 ,& !n !y h no?+ to d1 b b>ely to %ew u :i* t is2 :i* :5 !y h done1 ,i d\bt n b all mank9d w easily agree to pay ob$i5ce to him4 ,sect4 #aad4 ,?\gh x be a suffici5t answ] to _! objection1 to %ew t x involves !m 9 ! same difficulties t x do? ^? !y use x aga9/2 yet ,i %all endeav\r to discov] ! weakness ( ?is argum5t a little f>!r4 ,all m51 say !y1 are born "u gov]nm5t1 & !re=e !y _c be at lib]ty to beg9 a new "o4 ,e "o is born a subject to 8 fa!r1 or 8 pr9ce1 & is !re=e "u ! p]petual tie ( subjection & allegiance4 ,x is pla9 mank9d nev] own$ nor consid]$ any su* natural subjection t !y 7 born 91 to "o or to ! o!r t ti$ !m1 )\t _! own cons5ts1 to a subjection to !m & _! heirs4 ,sect4 #aae4 ,= !re are no examples s frequ5t 9 hi/ory1 bo? sacr$ & pr(ane1 z ^? ( m5 )draw+ !mselves1 & _! ob$i5ce1 f ! jurisdiction !y 7 born "u1 & ! family or community !y 7 br$ up 91 & sett+ up new gov]nm5ts 9 o!r places2 f :5ce sprang all t numb] ( petty commonweal?s 9 ! beg9n+ ( ages1 & :i* always multipli$1 z long z !re 0 room en\gh1 till ! /rong]1 or m =tunate1 swall[$ ! weak]2 & ^? great ones aga9 break+ to pieces1 dissolv$ into less] dom9ions4 ,all :i* are s _m te/imonies aga9/ pat]nal sov]eignty1 & pla9ly prove1 t x 0 n ! natural "r ( ! fa!r desc5d+ to 8 heirs1 t made gov]nm5ts 9 ! beg9n+1 s9ce x 0 impossible1 ^u t gr\nd1 !re %\ld h be5 s _m little k+doms2 all mu/ h be5 b only "o univ]sal mon>*y1 if m5 _h n be5 at lib]ty to sep>ate !mselves f _! families1 & ! gov]nm5t1 be x :at x w1 t 0 set up 9 x1 & g & make di/9ct commonweal?s & o!r gov]nm5ts1 z !y ?\ght fit4 ,sect4 #aaf4 ,?is has be5 ! practice ( ! _w f its fir/ beg9n+ to ?is day2 nor is x n[ any m h9drance to ! fre$om ( mank9d1 t !y are born "u con/itut$ & anci5t polities1 t h e/abli%$ laws1 & set =ms ( gov]nm5t1 ?an if !y 7 born 9 ! woods1 among/ ! unconf9$ inhabitants1 t run loose 9 !m3 = ^?1 :o w\ld p]suade u1 t by be+ born "u any gov]nm5t1 we are naturally subjects to x1 & h no m any title or pret5ce to ! fre$om ( ! /ate ( nature1 h no o!r reason 7bat+ t ( pat]nal p[]1 :i* we h already answ]$7 to produce = x1 b only1 because our fa!rs or prog5itors pass$ away _! natural lib]ty1 & !reby b\nd up !mselves & _! po/]ity to a p]petual subjection to ! gov]nm5t1 :i* !y !mselves submitt$ to4 ,x is true1 t :atev] engagem5ts or promises any "o has made = himself1 he is "u ! obligation ( !m1 b _c1 by any compact :atsoev]1 b9d 8 *ildr5 or po/]ity3 = 8 son1 :5 a man1 be+ altoge!r z free z ! fa!r1 any act ( ! fa!r c no m give away ! lib]ty ( ! son1 ?an x c ( any body else3 he may inde$ annex su* conditions to ! l&1 he enjoy$ z a subject ( any commonweal?1 z may oblige 8 son to be ( t community1 if he w enjoy ^? possessions :i* 7 8 fa!r's2 because t e/ate be+ 8 fa!r's prop]ty1 he may dispose1 or settle x1 z he pleases4 ,sect4 #aag4 ,& ?is has g5]ally giv5 ! occasion to mi/ake 9 ?is matt]2 because commonweal?s n p]mitt+ any "p ( _! dom9ions to be dismemb]$1 nor to be enjoy$ by any b ^? ( _! community1 ! son _c ord9>ily enjoy ! possessions ( 8 fa!r1 b "u ! same t]ms 8 fa!r did1 by becom+ a memb] ( ! society2 :]eby he puts himself pres5tly "u ! gov]nm5t he f9ds !re e/abli%$1 z mu* z any o!r subject ( t commonweal?4 ,& ?us ! cons5t ( freem51 born "u gov]nm5t1 :i* only makes !m memb]s ( x1 be+ giv5 sep>ately 9 _! turns1 z ea* comes to be ( age1 & n 9 a multitude toge!r2 p take no notice ( x1 & ?9k+ x n done at all1 or n necess>y1 conclude !y are naturally subjects z !y are m54 ,sect4 #aah4 ,b1 x is pla91 gov]nm5ts !mselves und]/& x o!rwise2 !y claim no p[] ov] ! son1 because ( t !y _h ov] ! fa!r2 nor look on *ildr5 z be+ _! subjects1 by _! fa!rs be+ s4 ,if a subject ( ,engl& h a *ild1 by an ,engli% woman 9 ,france1 ^: subject is he8 ,n ! k+ ( ,engl&'s2 = he mu/ h leave to be admitt$ to ! privileges ( x3 nor ! k+ ( ,france's2 = h[ !n has 8 fa!r a lib]ty to br+ him away1 & bre$ him z he pleases8 & :o ev] 0 judg$ z a traytor or des]t]1 if he left1 or w>r$ aga9/ a c\ntry1 = be+ b>ely born 9 x ( p>5ts t 7 ali5s !re8 ,x is pla9 !n1 by ! practice ( gov]nm5ts !mselves1 z well z by ! law ( "r reason1 t a *ild is born a subject ( no c\ntry or gov]nm5t4 ,he is "u 8 fa!r's tuition & au?ority1 till he comes to age ( discretion2 & !n he is a freeman1 at lib]ty :at gov]nm5t he w put himself "u1 :at body politic he w unite himself to3 = if an ,engli%man's son1 born 9 ,france1 be at lib]ty1 & may d s1 x is evid5t !re is no tie ^u him by 8 fa!r's be+ a subject ( ?is k+dom2 nor is he b\nd up by any compact ( 8 ance/ors4 ,& :y !n ha? n 8 son1 by ! same reason1 ! same lib]ty1 ?\gh he be born any :]e else8 ,s9ce ! p[] t a fa!r ha? naturally ov] 8 *ildr51 is ! same1 :]e-ev] !y be born1 & ! ties ( natural obligations1 are n b\nd$ by ! positive limits ( k+doms & commonweal?s4 ,sect4 #aai4 ,e man be+1 z has be5 %ew$1 naturally free1 & no?+ be+ able to put him into subjection to any e>?ly p[]1 b only 8 own cons5t2 x is to be consid]$1 :at %all be und]/ood to be a suffici5t decl>ation ( a man's cons5t1 to make him subject to ! laws ( any gov]nm5t4 ,!re is a common di/9ction ( an express & a tacit cons5t1 :i* w conc]n our pres5t case4 ,no body d\bts b an express cons5t1 ( any man ent]+ into any society1 makes him a p]fect memb] ( t society1 a subject ( t gov]nm5t4 ,! difficulty is1 :at ought to be look$ ^u z a tacit cons5t1 & h[ f> x b9ds1 i4e4 h[ f> any "o %all be look$ on to h cons5t$1 & !reby submitt$ to any gov]nm5t1 :]e he has made no expressions ( x at all4 ,& to ?is ,i say1 t e man1 t ha? any possessions1 or enjoym5t1 ( any "p ( ! dom9ions ( any gov]nm5t1 do? !reby give 8 tacit cons5t1 & is z f> =? oblig$ to ob$i5ce to ! laws ( t gov]nm5t1 dur+ su* enjoym5t1 z any "o "u x2 :e!r ?is 8 possession be ( l&1 to him & 8 heirs = ev]1 or a lodg+ only = a week2 or :e!r x be b>ely travell+ freely on ! highway2 & 9 effect1 x rea*es z f> z ! v be+ ( any "o )9 ! t]ritories ( t gov]nm5t4 ,sect4 #abj4 ,to und]/& ?is ! bett]1 x is fit to consid]1 t e man1 :5 he at fir/ incorporates himself into any commonweal?1 he1 by 8 unit+ himself !reunto1 annex$ also1 & submits to ! community1 ^? possessions1 :i* he has1 or %all acquire1 t d n already belong to any o!r gov]nm5t3 = x w\ld be a direct contradiction1 = any "o to ent] into society ) o!rs = ! secur+ & regulat+ ( prop]ty2 & yet to suppose 8 l&1 ^: prop]ty is to be regulat$ by ! laws ( ! society1 %\ld be exempt f ! jurisdiction ( t gov]nm5t1 to :i* he himself1 ! proprietor ( ! l&1 is a subject4 ,by ! same act !re=e1 :]eby any "o unites 8 p]son1 :i* 0 be=e free1 to any commonweal?1 by ! same he unites 8 possessions1 :i* 7 be=e free1 to x also2 & !y become1 bo? ( !m1 p]son & possession1 subject to ! gov]nm5t & dom9ion ( t commonweal?1 z long z x ha? a be+4 ,:oev] !re=e1 f !nce=?1 by inh]itance1 pur*ase1 p]mission1 or o!rways1 enjoys any "p ( ! l&1 s annex$ to1 & "u ! gov]nm5t ( t commonweal?1 mu/ take x ) ! condition x is "u2 t is1 ( submitt+ to ! gov]nm5t ( ! commonweal?1 "u ^: jurisdiction x is1 z f> =? z any subject ( x4 ,sect4 #aba4 ,b s9ce ! gov]nm5t has a direct jurisdiction only ov] ! l&1 & rea*es ! possessor ( x1 7be=e he has actually incorporat$ himself 9 ! society7 only z he dwells ^u1 & enjoys t2 ! obligation any "o is "u1 by virtue ( su* enjoym5t1 to submit to ! gov]nm5t1 beg9s & ends ) ! enjoym5t2 s t :5ev] ! own]1 :o has giv5 no?+ b su* a tacit cons5t to ! gov]nm5t1 w1 by donation1 sale1 or o!rwise1 quit ! said possession1 he is at lib]ty to g & incorporate himself into any o!r commonweal?2 or to agree ) o!rs to beg9 a new "o1 9 vacuis locis1 9 any "p ( ! _w1 !y c f9d free & unpossess$3 :]eas he1 t has once1 by actual agreem5t1 & any express decl>ation1 giv5 8 cons5t to be ( any commonweal?1 is p]petually & indisp5sably oblig$ to be1 & rema9 unalt]ably a subject to x1 & c nev] be aga9 9 ! lib]ty ( ! /ate ( nature2 unless1 by any calamity1 ! gov]nm5t he 0 "u comes to be dissolv$2 or else by "s public act cuts him (f f be+ any long] a memb] ( x4 ,sect4 #abb4 ,b submitt+ to ! laws ( any c\ntry1 liv+ quietly1 & enjoy+ privileges & protection "u !m1 makes n a man a memb] ( t society3 ?is is only a local protection & homage due to & f all ^?1 :o1 n be+ 9 a /ate ( w>1 come )9 ! t]ritories belong+ to any gov]nm5t1 to all p>ts :]e( ! =ce ( its laws ext5ds4 ,b ?is no m makes a man a memb] ( t society1 a p]petual subject ( t commonweal?1 ?an x w\ld make a man a subject to ano!r1 9 ^: family he f\nd x conv5i5t to abide = "s "t2 ?\gh1 :il/ he cont9u$ 9 x1 he 7 oblig$ to comply ) ! laws1 & submit to ! gov]nm5t he f\nd !re4 ,& ?us we see1 t =eign]s1 by liv+ all _! lives "u ano!r gov]nm5t1 & enjoy+ ! privileges & protection ( x1 ?\gh !y are b\nd1 ev5 9 consci5ce1 to submit to its adm9i/ration1 z f> =? z any d5ison2 yet d n !reby come to be subjects or memb]s ( t commonweal?4 ,no?+ c make any man s1 b 8 actually ent]+ into x by positive engagem5t1 & express promise & compact4 ,?is is t1 :i* ,i ?9k1 conc]n+ ! beg9n+ ( political societies1 & t cons5t :i* makes any "o a memb] ( any commonweal?4 ,,*apt]4 ,,ix4 ,,( ,,! ,,ends ,,( ,,political ,,society ,,& ,,gov]nm5t4 ,sect4 #abc4 ,,if man 9 ! /ate ( nature be s free1 z has be5 said2 if he be absolute "l ( 8 own p]son & possessions1 equal to ! greate/1 & subject to no body1 :y w he "p ) 8 fre$om8 :y w he give up ?is empire1 & subject himself to ! dom9ion & contr\l ( any o!r p[]8 ,to :i* x is obvi\s to answ]1 t ?\gh 9 ! /ate ( nature he ha? su* a "r1 yet ! enjoym5t ( x is v unc]ta91 & con/antly expos$ to ! invasion ( o!rs3 = all be+ k+s z mu* z he1 e man 8 equal1 & ! great] "p no /rict obs]v]s ( equity & ju/ice1 ! enjoym5t ( ! prop]ty he has 9 ?is /ate is v unsafe1 v unsecure4 ,?is makes him will+ to quit a condition1 :i*1 h[ev] free1 is full ( fe>s & cont9ual dang]s3 & x is n )\t reason1 t he seeks out1 & is will+ to jo9 9 society ) o!rs1 :o are already unit$1 or h a m9d to unite1 = ! mutual pres]vation ( _! lives1 lib]ties & e/ates1 :i* ,i call by ! g5]al "n1 prop]ty4 ,sect4 #abd4 ,! great & *ief end1 !re=e1 ( m5's unit+ into commonweal?s1 & putt+ !mselves "u gov]nm5t1 is ! pres]vation ( _! prop]ty4 ,to :i* 9 ! /ate ( nature !re are _m ?+s want+4 ,fir/1 ,!re wants an e/abli%$1 settl$1 kn[n law1 receiv$ & all[$ by common cons5t to be ! /&>d ( "r & wrong1 & ! common measure to decide all controv]sies betwe5 !m3 = ?\gh ! law ( nature be pla9 & intelligible to all rational creatures2 yet m5 be+ biass$ by _! int]e/1 z well z ignorant = want ( /udy ( x1 are n apt to all[ ( x z a law b9d+ to !m 9 ! application ( x to _! p>ticul> cases4 ,sect4 #abe4 ,secondly1 ,9 ! /ate ( nature !re wants a kn[n & indiff]5t judge1 ) au?ority to det]m9e all diff]5ces accord+ to ! e/abli%$ law3 = e "o 9 t /ate be+ bo? judge & execution] ( ! law ( nature1 m5 be+ p>tial to !mselves1 passion & rev5ge is v apt to c>ry !m too f>1 & ) too mu* heat1 9 _! own cases2 z well z neglig5ce1 & unconc]n$ness1 to make !m too remiss 9 o!r m5's4 ,sect4 #abf4 ,?irdly1 ,9 ! /ate ( nature !re (t5 wants p[] to back & support ! s5t5ce :5 "r1 & to give x due execution1 ,!y :o by any inju/ice (f5d$1 w seldom fail1 :]e !y are able1 by =ce to make good _! inju/ice2 su* resi/ance _m times makes ! puni%m5t dang]\s1 & frequ5tly de/ructive1 to ^? :o attempt x4 ,sect4 #abg4 ,?us mank9d1 not)/&+ all ! privileges ( ! /ate ( nature1 be+ b 9 an ill condition1 :ile !y rema9 9 x1 are quickly driv5 into society4 ,h5ce x comes to pass1 t we seldom f9d any numb] ( m5 live any "t toge!r 9 ?is /ate4 ,! inconv5i5cies t !y are !re9 expos$ to1 by ! irregul> & unc]ta9 ex]cise ( ! p[] e man has ( puni%+ ! transgressions ( o!rs1 make !m take sanctu>y "u ! e/abli%$ laws ( gov]nm5t1 & !re9 seek ! pres]vation ( _! prop]ty4 ,x is ?is makes !m s will+ly give up e "o 8 s+le p[] ( puni%+1 to be ex]cis$ by su* alone1 z %all be appo9t$ to x among/ !m2 & by su* rules z ! community1 or ^? au?oriz$ by !m to t purpose1 %all agree on4 ,& 9 ?is we h ! orig9al "r & rise ( bo? ! legislative & executive p[]1 z well z ( ! gov]nm5ts & societies !mselves4 ,sect4 #abh4 ,= 9 ! /ate ( nature1 to omit ! lib]ty he has ( innoc5t delights1 a man has two p[]s4 ,! fir/ is to d :atsoev] he ?9ks fit = ! pres]vation ( himself1 & o!rs )9 ! p]mission ( ! law ( nature3 by :i* law1 common to !m all1 he & all ! re/ ( mank9d are "o community1 make up "o society1 di/9ct f all o!r creatures4 ,& 7 x n = ! corruption & viti\sness ( deg5]ate m51 !re w\ld be no ne$ ( any o!r2 no necessity t m5 %\ld sep>ate f ?is great & natural community1 & by positive agreem5ts comb9e into small] & divid$ associations4 ,! o!r p[] a man has 9 ! /ate ( nature1 is ! p[] to puni% ! crimes committ$ aga9/ t law4 ,bo? ^! he gives up1 :5 he jo9s 9 a private1 if ,i may s call x1 or p>ticul> politic society1 & incorporates into any commonweal?1 sep>ate f ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,sect4 #abi4 ,! fir/ p[]1 viz4 ( do+ :atsoev] he ?\ght = ! pres]vation ( himself1 & ! re/ ( mank9d1 he gives up to be regulat$ by laws made by ! society1 s f> =? z ! pres]vation ( himself1 & ! re/ ( t society %all require2 :i* laws ( ! society 9 _m ?+s conf9e ! lib]ty he _h by ! law ( nature4 ,sect4 #acj4 ,secondly1 ,! p[] ( puni%+ he :olly gives up1 & engages 8 natural =ce1 7:i* he might be=e employ 9 ! execution ( ! law ( nature1 by 8 own s+le au?ority1 z he ?\ght fit7 to assi/ ! executive p[] ( ! society1 z ! law !re( %all require3 = be+ n[ 9 a new /ate1 :]e9 he is to enjoy _m conv5i5cies1 f ! lab\r1 assi/ance1 & society ( o!rs 9 ! same community1 z well z protection f its :ole /r5g?2 he is to "p also ) z mu* ( 8 natural lib]ty1 9 provid+ = himself1 z ! good1 prosp]ity1 & safety ( ! society %all require2 :i* is n only necess>y1 b j1 s9ce ! o!r memb]s ( ! society d ! l4 ,sect4 #aca4 ,b ?\gh m51 :5 !y ent] into society1 give up ! equality1 lib]ty1 & executive p[] !y _h 9 ! /ate ( nature1 into ! h&s ( ! society1 to be s f> dispos$ ( by ! legislative1 z ! good ( ! society %all require2 yet x be+ only ) an int5tion 9 e "o ! bett] to pres]ve himself1 8 lib]ty & prop]ty2 7= no rational creature c be suppos$ to *ange 8 condition ) an int5tion to be worse7 ! p[] ( ! society1 or legislative con/itut$ by !m1 c nev] be suppos$ to ext5d f>!r1 ?an ! common good2 b is oblig$ to secure e "o's prop]ty1 by provid+ aga9/ ^? ?ree defects above m5tion$1 t made ! /ate ( nature s unsafe & uneasy4 ,& s :oev] has ! legislative or supreme p[] ( any commonweal?1 is b\nd to gov]n by e/abli%$ /&+ laws1 promulgat$ & kn[n to ! p1 & n by extempor>y decrees2 by indiff]5t & upright judges1 :o are to decide controv]sies by ^? laws2 & to employ ! =ce ( ! community at home1 only 9 ! execution ( su* laws1 or abroad to prev5t or r$ress =eign injuries1 & secure ! community f inroads & invasion4 ,& all ?is to be direct$ to no o!r end1 b ! peace1 safety1 & public good ( ! p4 ,,*apt]4 ,x4 ,,( ,,! ,,=ms ,,( ,a ,,common-,,weal?4 ,sect4 #acb4 ,,! majority hav+1 z has be5 %ew$1 ^u m5's fir/ unit+ into society1 ! :ole p[] ( ! community naturally 9 !m1 may employ all t p[] 9 mak+ laws = ! community f "t to "t1 & execut+ ^? laws by (fic]s ( _! own appo9t+2 & !n ! =m ( ! gov]nm5t is a p]fect democracy3 or else may put ! p[] ( mak+ laws into ! h&s ( a few select m51 & _! heirs or successors2 & !n x is an olig>*y3 or else into ! h&s ( "o man1 & !n x is a mon>*y3 if to him & 8 heirs1 x is an h]$it>y mon>*y3 if to him only = life1 b ^u 8 dea? ! p[] only ( nom9at+ a successor to return to !m2 an elective mon>*y4 ,& s accord+ly ( ^! ! community may make comp\nd$ & mix$ =ms ( gov]nm5t1 z !y ?9k good4 ,& if ! legislative p[] be at fir/ giv5 by ! majority to "o or m p]sons only = _! lives1 or any limit$ "t1 & !n ! supreme p[] to rev]t to !m aga92 :5 x is s rev]t$1 ! community may dispose ( x aga9 anew into :at h&s !y please1 & s con/itute a new =m ( gov]nm5t3 = ! =m ( gov]nm5t dep5d+ ^u ! plac+ ! supreme p[]1 :i* is ! legislative1 x be+ impossible to conceive t an inf]ior p[] %\ld prescribe to a sup]ior1 or any b ! supreme make laws1 accord+ z ! p[] ( mak+ laws is plac$1 su* is ! =m ( ! commonweal?4 ,sect4 #acc4 ,by commonweal?1 ,i mu/ be und]/ood all along to mean1 n a democracy1 or any =m ( gov]nm5t1 b any indep5d5t community1 :i* ! ,lat9es signifi$ by ! ^w civitas1 to :i* ! ^w :i* be/ answ]s 9 our language1 is commonweal?1 & mo/ prop]ly expresses su* a society ( m51 :i* community or city 9 ,engli% does n2 = !re may be subord9ate communities 9 a gov]nm5t2 & city among/ u has a q diff]5t notion f commonweal?3 & !re=e1 to avoid ambiguity1 ,i crave leave to use ! ^w commonweal? 9 t s5se1 9 :i* ,i f9d x us$ by k+ ,james ! fir/2 & ,i take x to be its g5u9e signification2 :i* if any body dislike1 ,i cons5t ) him to *ange x = a bett]4 ,,*apt]4 ,,xi4 ,,( ,,! ,,ext5t ,,( ,,! ,,legislative ,,p[]4 ,sect4 #acd4 ,,! great end ( m5's ent]+ into society1 be+ ! enjoym5t ( _! prop]ties 9 peace & safety1 & ! great in/rum5t & means ( t be+ ! laws e/abli%$ 9 t society2 ! fir/ & fundam5tal positive law ( all commonweal?s is ! e/abli%+ ( ! legislative p[]2 z ! fir/ & fundam5tal natural law1 :i* is to gov]n ev5 ! legislative itself1 is ! pres]vation ( ! society1 & 7z f> z w consi/ ) ! public good7 ( e p]son 9 x4 ,?is legislative is n only ! supreme p[] ( ! commonweal?1 b sacr$ & unalt]able 9 ! h&s :]e ! community h once plac$ x2 nor c any edict ( any body else1 9 :at =m soev] conceiv$1 or by :at p[] soev] back$1 h ! =ce & obligation ( a law1 :i* has n its sanction f t legislative :i* ! public has *os5 & appo9t$3 = )\t ?is ! law c\ld n h t1 :i* is absolutely necess>y to its be+ a law199 ! cons5t ( ! society1 ov] :om no body c h a p[] to make laws1 b by _! own cons5t1 & by au?ority receiv$ f !m2 & !re=e all ! ob$i5ce1 :i* by ! mo/ solemn ties any "o c be oblig$ to pay1 ultimately t]m9ates 9 ?is supreme p[]1 & is direct$ by ^? laws :i* x enacts3 nor c any oa?s to any =eign p[] :atsoev]1 or any dome/ic subord9ate p[]1 dis*>ge any memb] ( ! society f 8 ob$i5ce to ! legislative1 act+ pursuant to _! tru/2 nor oblige him to any ob$i5ce contr>y to ! laws s enact$1 or f>!r ?an !y d all[2 x be+ ridicul\s to imag9e "o c be ti$ ultimately to obey any p[] 9 ! society1 :i* is n ! supreme4 799,! lawful p[] ( mak+ laws to comm& :ole politic societies ( m51 belong+ s prop]ly unto ! same intire societies1 t = any pr9ce or pot5tate ( :at k9d soev] ^u e>?1 to ex]cise ! same ( himself1 & n by express commission imm$iately & p]sonally receiv$ f ,god1 or else by au?ority d]iv$ at ! fir/ f _! cons5t1 ^u ^: p]sons !y impose laws1 x is no bett] ?an m]e tyranny4 ,laws !y are n !re=e :i* public approbation ha? n made s4 ,hook]'s ,eccl4 ,pol4 l4 i4 sect4 #aj4 ,( ?is po9t !re=e we are to note1 t su* m5 naturally h no full & p]fect p[] to comm& :ole politic multitudes ( m51 !re=e utt]ly )\t our cons5t1 we c\ld 9 su* sort be at no man's comm&m5t liv+4 ,& to be comm&$ we d cons5t1 :5 t society1 :]e( we be a "p1 ha? at any "t be=e cons5t$1 )\t revok+ ! same aft] by ! l univ]sal agreem5t4 ,laws !re=e human1 ( :at k9d s ev]1 are available by cons5t4 ,ibid47 ,sect4 #ace4 ,?\gh ! legislative1 :e!r plac$ 9 "o or m1 :e!r x be always 9 be+1 or only by int]vals1 ?\gh x be ! supreme p[] 9 e commonweal?2 yet3 ,fir/1 ,x is n1 nor c possibly be absolutely arbitr>y ov] ! lives & =tunes ( ! p3 = x be+ b ! jo9t p[] ( e memb] ( ! society giv5 up to t p]son1 or assembly1 :i* is legislator2 x c be no m ?an ^? p]sons _h 9 a /ate ( nature be=e !y ent]$ into society1 & gave up to ! community3 = no body c transf] to ano!r m p[] ?an he has 9 himself2 & no body has an absolute arbitr>y p[] ov] himself1 or ov] any o!r1 to de/roy 8 own life1 or take away ! life or prop]ty ( ano!r4 ,a man1 z has be5 prov$1 _c subject himself to ! arbitr>y p[] ( ano!r2 & hav+ 9 ! /ate ( nature no arbitr>y p[] ov] ! life1 lib]ty1 or possession ( ano!r1 b only s mu* z ! law ( nature gave him = ! pres]vation ( himself1 & ! re/ ( mank9d2 ?is is all he do?1 or c give up to ! commonweal?1 & by x to ! legislative p[]1 s t ! legislative c h no m ?an ?is4 ,_! p[]1 9 ! utmo/ b\nds ( x1 is limit$ to ! public good ( ! society4 ,x is a p[]1 t ha? no o!r end b pres]vation1 & !re=e c nev] h a "r to de/roy1 enslave1 or design$ly to impov]i% ! subjects499 ,! obligations ( ! law ( nature cease n 9 society1 b only 9 _m cases are drawn clos]1 & h by human laws kn[n p5alties annex$ to !m1 to in=ce _! obs]vation4 ,?us ! law ( nature /&s z an et]nal rule to all m51 legislators z well z o!rs4 ,! rules t !y make = o!r m5's actions1 mu/1 z well z _! own & o!r m5's actions1 be con=mable to ! law ( nature1 i4e4 to ! w ( ,god1 ( :i* t is a decl>ation1 & ! fundam5tal law ( nature be+ ! pres]vation ( mank9d1 no human sanction c be good1 or valid aga9/ x4 799,two f\ndations !re are :i* be> up public societies2 ! "o a natural incl9ation1 :]eby all m5 desire sociable life & fell[%ip2 ! o!r an ord]1 expresly or secretly agre$ ^u1 t\*+ ! mann] ( _! union 9 liv+ toge!r3 ! latt] is t :i* we call ! law ( a common-weal1 ! v s\l ( a politic body1 ! p>ts :]e( are by law animat$1 held toge!r1 & set on "w 9 su* actions z ! common good require?4 ,laws politic1 orda9$ = ext]nal ord] & regim5t among/ m51 are nev] fram$ z !y %\ld be1 unless presum+ ! w ( man to be inw>dly ob/9ate1 rebelli\s1 & av]se f all ob$i5ce to ! sacr$ laws ( 8 nature2 9 a ^w1 unless presum+ man to be1 9 reg>d ( 8 deprav$ m9d1 little bett] ?an a wild bea/1 !y d accord+ly provide1 not)/&+1 s to frame 8 outw>d actions1 t !y be no h9drance unto ! common good1 = :i* societies are in/itut$4 ,unless !y d ?is1 !y are n p]fect4 ,hook]'s ,eccl4 ,pol4 l4 i4 sect4 #aj47 ,sect4 #acf4 ,secondly1 ,! legislative1 or supreme au?ority1 _c assume to its self a p[] to rule by extempor>y arbitr>y decrees1 b is b\nd to disp5se ju/ice1 & decide ! rights ( ! subject by promulgat$ /&+ laws1 & kn[n au?oriz$ judges399 = ! law ( nature be+ unwritt51 & s no :]e to be f\nd b 9 ! m9ds ( m51 !y :o ?r\gh passion or int]e/ %all miscite1 or misapply x1 _c s easily be conv9c$ ( _! mi/ake :]e !re is no e/abli%$ judge3 & s x s]ves n1 z x ought1 to det]m9e ! rights1 & f5ce ! prop]ties ( ^? t live "u x1 especially :]e e "o is judge1 int]pret]1 & execution] ( x too1 & t 9 8 own case3 & he t has "r on 8 side1 hav+ ord9>ily b 8 own s+le /r5g?1 ha? n =ce en\gh to def5d himself f injuries1 or to puni% del9qu5ts4 ,to avoid ^! inconv5i5ces1 :i* disord] m5's propp]ties 9 ! /ate ( nature1 m5 unite into societies1 t !y may h ! unit$ /r5g? ( ! :ole society to secure & def5d _! prop]ties1 & may h /&+ rules to b\nd x1 by :i* e "o may "k :at is 84 ,to ?is end x is t m5 give up all _! natural p[] to ! society :i* !y ent] into1 & ! community put ! legislative p[] into su* h&s z !y ?9k fit1 ) ?is tru/1 t !y %all be gov]n$ by decl>$ laws1 or else _! peace1 quiet1 & prop]ty w /ill be at ! same unc]ta9ty1 z x 0 9 ! /ate ( nature4 799,human laws are measures 9 respect ( m5 ^: actions !y mu/ direct1 h[beit su* measures !y are z h also _! high] rules to be measur$ by1 :i* rules are two1 ! law ( ,god1 & ! law ( nature2 s t laws human mu/ be made accord+ to ! g5]al laws ( nature1 & )\t contradiction to any positive law ( scripture1 o!rwise !y are ill made4 ,hook]'s ,eccl4 ,pol4 l4 iii4 sect4 #i4 ,to con/ra9 m5 to any ?+ inconv5i5t do? seem unreasonable4 ,ibid4 l4 i4 sect4 #aj47 ,sect4 #acg4 ,absolute arbitr>y p[]1 or gov]n+ )\t settl$ /&+ laws1 c nei!r ( !m consi/ ) ! ends ( society & gov]nm5t1 :i* m5 w\ld n quit ! fre$om ( ! /ate ( nature =1 & tie !mselves up "u1 7 x n to pres]ve _! lives1 lib]ties & =tunes1 & by /at$ rules ( "r & prop]ty to secure _! peace & quiet4 ,x _c be suppos$ t !y %\ld int5d1 _h !y a p[] s to d1 to give to any "o1 or m1 an absolute arbitr>y p[] ov] _! p]sons & e/ates1 & put a =ce into ! magi/rate's h& to execute 8 unlimit$ w arbitr>ily ^u !m4 ,?is 7 to put !mselves into a worse condition ?an ! /ate ( nature1 :]e9 !y _h a lib]ty to def5d _! "r aga9/ ! injuries ( o!rs1 & 7 ^u equal t]ms ( =ce to ma9ta9 x1 :e!r invad$ by a s+le man1 or _m 9 comb9ation4 ,:]eas by suppos+ !y h giv5 up !mselves to ! absolute arbitr>y p[] & w ( a legislator1 !y h dis>m$ !mselves1 & arm$ him1 to make a prey ( !m :5 he pleases2 he be+ 9 a mu* worse condition1 :o is expos$ to ! arbitr>y p[] ( "o man1 :o has ! comm& ( #ajj1jjj1 ?an he t is expos$ to ! arbitr>y p[] ( #ajj1jjj s+le m52 no body be+ secure1 t 8 w1 :o has su* a comm&1 is bett] ?an t ( o!r m51 ?\gh 8 =ce be #ajj1jjj times /rong]4 ,& !re=e1 :atev] =m ! commonweal? is "u1 ! rul+ p[] ought to gov]n by decl>$ & receiv$ laws1 & n by extempor>y dictates & undet]m9$ resolutions3 = !n mank9d w be 9 a f> worse condition ?an 9 ! /ate ( nature1 if !y %all h arm$ "o1 or a few m5 ) ! jo9t p[] ( a multitude1 to =ce !m to obey at pleasure ! exorbitant & unlimit$ decrees ( _! sudd5 ?\ghts1 or unre/ra9$1 & till t mom5t unkn[n wills1 )\t hav+ any measures set d[n :i* may guide & ju/ify _! actions3 = all ! p[] ! gov]nm5t has1 be+ only = ! good ( ! society1 z x ought n to be arbitr>y & at pleasure1 s x ought to be ex]cis$ by e/abli%$ & promulgat$ laws2 t bo? ! p may "k _! duty1 & be safe & secure )9 ! limits ( ! law2 & ! rul]s too kept )9 _! b\nds1 & n be tempt$1 by ! p[] !y h 9 _! h&s1 to employ x to su* purposes1 & by su* measures1 z !y w\ld n h kn[n1 & own n will+ly4 ,sect4 #ach4 ,?irdly1 ,! supreme p[] _c take f any man any "p ( 8 prop]ty )\t 8 own cons5t3 = ! pres]vation ( prop]ty be+ ! end ( gov]nm5t1 & t = :i* m5 ent] into society1 x necess>ily supposes & requires1 t ! p %\ld h prop]ty1 )\t :i* !y mu/ be suppos$ to lose t1 by ent]+ into society1 :i* 0 ! end = :i* !y ent]$ into x2 too gross an absurdity = any man to own4 ,m5 !re=e 9 society hav+ prop]ty1 !y h su* a "r to ! goods1 :i* by ! law ( ! community are _!'s1 t no body ha? a "r to take _! sub/ance or any "p ( x f !m1 )\t _! own cons5t3 )\t ?is !y h no prop]ty at all2 = ,i h truly no prop]ty 9 t1 :i* ano!r c by "r take f me1 :5 he pleases1 aga9/ my cons5t4 ,h5ce x is a mi/ake to ?9k1 t ! supreme or legislative p[] ( any commonweal?1 c d :at x w1 & dispose ( ! e/ates ( ! subject arbitr>ily1 or take any "p ( !m at pleasure4 ,?is is n mu* to be fe>$ 9 gov]nm5ts :]e ! legislative consi/s1 :olly or 9 "p1 9 assemblies :i* are v>iable1 ^: memb]s1 ^u ! dissolution ( ! assembly1 are subjects "u ! common laws ( _! c\ntry1 equally ) ! re/4 ,b 9 gov]nm5ts1 :]e ! legislative is 9 "o la/+ assembly always 9 be+1 or 9 "o man1 z 9 absolute mon>*ies1 !re is dang] /ill1 t !y w ?9k !mselves to h a di/9ct int]e/ f ! re/ ( ! community2 & s w be apt to increase _! own ri*es & p[]1 by tak+ :at !y ?9k fit f ! p3 = a man's prop]ty is n at all secure1 ?o' !re be good & equitable laws to set ! b\nds ( x betwe5 him & 8 fell[ subjects1 if he :o comm&s ^? subjects h p[] to take f any private man1 :at "p he pleases ( 8 prop]ty1 & use & dispose ( x z he ?9ks good4 ,sect4 #aci4 ,b gov]nm5t1 into :atsoev] h&s x is put1 be+1 z ,i h be=e %ew$1 intru/$ ) ?is condition1 & = ?is end1 t m5 might h & secure _! prop]ties2 ! pr9ce1 or s5ate1 h[ev] x may h p[] to make laws1 = ! regulat+ ( prop]ty betwe5 ! subjects "o among/ ano!r1 yet c nev] h a p[] to take to !mselves ! :ole1 or any "p ( ! subjects prop]ty1 )\t _! own cons5t3 = ?is w\ld be 9 effect to leave !m no prop]ty at all4 ,& to let u see1 t ev5 absolute p[]1 :]e x is necess>y1 is n arbitr>y by be+ absolute1 b is /ill limit$ by t reason1 & conf9$ to ^? ends1 :i* requir$ x 9 "s cases to be absolute1 we ne$ look no f>!r ?an ! common practice ( m>tial discipl9e3 = ! pres]vation ( ! army1 & 9 x ( ! :ole commonweal?1 requires an absolute ob$i5ce to ! comm& ( e sup]ior (fic]1 & x is ju/ly dea? to disobey or dispute ! mo/ dang]\s or unreasonable ( !m2 b yet we see1 t nei!r ! s]jeant1 t c\ld comm& a soldi] to m>* up to ! m\? ( a cannon1 or /& 9 a brea*1 :]e he is almo/ sure to p]i%1 c comm& t soldi] to give him "o p5ny ( 8 money2 nor ! g5]al1 t c condemn him to dea? = des]t+ 8 po/1 or = n obey+ ! mo/ desp]ate ord]s1 c yet1 ) all 8 absolute p[] ( life & dea?1 dispose ( "o f>?+ ( t soldi]'s e/ate1 or seize "o jot ( 8 goods2 :om yet he c comm& any ?+1 & hang = ! lea/ disob$i5ce2 because su* a bl9d ob$i5ce is necess>y to t end1 = :i* ! comm&] has 8 p[]1 viz4 ! pres]vation ( ! re/2 b ! dispos+ ( 8 goods has no?+ to d ) x4 ,sect4 #adj4 ,x is true1 gov]nm5ts _c be support$ )\t great *>ge1 & x is fit e "o :o enjoys 8 %>e ( ! protection1 %\ld pay out ( 8 e/ate 8 proportion = ! ma9t5ance ( x4 ,b /ill x mu/ be ) 8 own cons5t1 i4e4 ! cons5t ( ! majority1 giv+ x ei!r by !mselves1 or _! repres5tatives *os5 by !m3 = if any "o %all claim a p[] to lay & levy taxes on ! p1 by 8 own au?ority1 & )\t su* cons5t ( ! p1 he !reby invades ! fundam5tal law ( prop]ty1 & subv]ts ! end ( gov]nm5t3 = :at prop]ty h ,i 9 t1 :i* ano!r may by "r take1 :5 he pleases1 to himself8 ,sect4 #ada4 ,f\r?ly1 ,! legislative _c transf] ! p[] ( mak+ laws to any o!r h&s3 = x be+ b a delegat$ p[] f ! p1 !y :o h x _c pass x ov] to o!rs4 ,! p alone c appo9t ! =m ( ! commonweal?1 :i* is by con/itut+ ! legislative1 & appo9t+ 9 ^: h&s t %all be4 ,& :5 ! p h said1 ,we w submit to rules1 & be gov]n$ by laws made by su* m51 & 9 su* =ms1 no body else c say o!r m5 %all make laws = !m2 nor c ! p be b\nd by any laws1 b su* z are enact$ by ^? :om !y h *os51 & au?oriz$ to make laws = !m4 ,! p[] ( ! legislative1 be+ d]iv$ f ! p by a positive volunt>y grant & in/itution1 c be no o!r ?an :at t positive grant convey$1 :i* be+ only to make laws1 & n to make legislators1 ! legislative c h no p[] to transf] _! au?ority ( mak+ laws1 & place x 9 o!r h&s4 ,sect4 #adb4 ,^! are ! b\nds :i* ! tru/1 t is put 9 !m by ! society1 & ! law ( ,god & nature1 h set to ! legislative p[] ( e commonweal?1 9 all =ms ( gov]nm5t4 ,fir/1 ,!y are to gov]n by promulgat$ e/abli%$ laws1 n to be v>i$ 9 p>ticul> cases1 b to h "o rule = ri* & poor1 = ! fav\rite at c\rt1 & ! c\ntry man at pl\gh4 ,secondly1 ,^! laws also ought to be design$ = no o!r end ultimately1 b ! good ( ! p4 ,?irdly1 ,!y mu/ n raise taxes on ! prop]ty ( ! p1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! p1 giv5 by !mselves1 or _! deputies4 ,& ?is prop]ly conc]ns only su* gov]nm5ts :]e ! legislative is always 9 be+1 or at lea/ :]e ! p h n res]v$ any "p ( ! legislative to deputies1 to be f "t to "t *os5 by !mselves4 ,f\r?ly1 ,! legislative nei!r mu/ nor c transf] ! p[] ( mak+ laws to any body else1 or place x any :]e1 b :]e ! p h4 ,,*apt]4 ,,xii4 ,,( ,,! ,,legislative1 ,,executive1 ,,& ,,f$]ative ,,p[] ,,( ,,! ,,common-,,weal?4 ,sect4 #adc4 ,,! legislative p[] is t1 :i* has a "r to direct h[ ! =ce ( ! commonweal? %all be employ$ = pres]v+ ! community & ! memb]s ( x4 ,b because ^? laws :i* are con/antly to be execut$1 & ^: =ce is always to cont9ue1 may be made 9 a little "t2 !re=e !re is no ne$1 t ! legislative %\ld be always 9 be+1 n hav+ always bus9ess to d4 ,& because x may be too great a temptation to human frailty1 apt to grasp at p[]1 = ! same p]sons1 :o h ! p[] ( mak+ laws1 to h also 9 _! h&s ! p[] to execute !m1 :]eby !y may exempt !mselves f ob$i5ce to ! laws !y make1 & suit ! law1 bo? 9 its mak+1 & execution1 to _! own private advantage1 & !reby come to h a di/9ct int]e/ f ! re/ ( ! community1 contr>y to ! end ( society & gov]nm5t3 !re=e 9 wellord]$ commonweal?s1 :]e ! good ( ! :ole is s consid]$1 z x ought1 ! legislative p[] is put into ! h&s ( div]s p]sons1 :o duly assembl$1 h by !mselves1 or jo9tly ) o!rs1 a p[] to make laws1 :i* :5 !y h done1 be+ sep>at$ aga91 !y are !mselves subject to ! laws !y h made2 :i* is a new & ne> tie ^u !m1 to take c>e1 t !y make !m = ! public good4 ,sect4 #add4 ,b because ! laws1 t are at once1 & 9 a %ort "t made1 h a con/ant & la/+ =ce1 & ne$ a p]petual execution1 or an att5dance !reunto2 !re=e x is necess>y !re %\ld be a p[] always 9 be+1 :i* %\ld see to ! execution ( ! laws t are made1 & rema9 9 =ce4 ,& ?us ! legislative & executive p[] come (t5 to be sep>at$4 ,sect4 #ade4 ,!re is ano!r p[] 9 e commonweal?1 :i* "o may call natural1 because x is t :i* answ]s to ! p[] e man naturally _h be=e he ent]$ into society3 = ?\gh 9 a commonweal? ! memb]s ( x are di/9ct p]sons /ill 9 ref]5ce to "o ano!r1 & z su* z gov]n$ by ! laws ( ! society2 yet 9 ref]5ce to ! re/ ( mank9d1 !y make "o body1 :i* is1 z e memb] ( x be=e 01 /ill 9 ! /ate ( nature ) ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,h5ce x is1 t ! controv]sies t happ5 betwe5 any man ( ! society ) ^? t are out ( x1 are manag$ by ! public2 & an injury done to a memb] ( _! body1 engages ! :ole 9 ! rep>ation ( x4 ,s t "u ?is consid]ation1 ! :ole community is "o body 9 ! /ate ( nature1 9 respect ( all o!r /ates or p]sons out ( its community4 ,sect4 #adf4 ,?is !re=e conta9s ! p[] ( w> & peace1 leagues & alliances1 & all ! transactions1 ) all p]sons & communities )\t ! commonweal?1 & may be call$ f$]ative1 if any "o pleases4 ,s ! ?+ be und]/ood1 ,i am indiff]5t z to ! "n4 ,sect4 #adg4 ,^! two p[]s1 executive & f$]ative1 ?\gh !y be really di/9ct 9 !mselves1 yet "o compreh5d+ ! execution ( ! municipal laws ( ! society )9 its self1 ^u all t are p>ts ( x2 ! o!r ! managem5t ( ! security & int]e/ ( ! public )\t1 ) all ^? t x may receive b5efit or damage f1 yet !y are always almo/ unit$4 ,& ?\gh ?is f$]ative p[] 9 ! well or ill managem5t ( x be ( great mom5t to ! commonweal?1 yet x is mu* less capable to be direct$ by antec$5t1 /&+1 positive laws1 ?an ! executive2 & s mu/ necess>ily be left to ! prud5ce & wisdom ( ^?1 ^: h&s x is 91 to be manag$ = ! public good3 = ! laws t conc]n subjects "o among/ ano!r1 be+ to direct _! actions1 may well en\gh prec$e !m4 ,b :at is to be done 9 ref]5ce to =eign]s1 dep5d+ mu* ^u _! actions1 & ! v>iation ( designs & int]e/s1 mu/ be left 9 great "p to ! prud5ce ( ^?1 :o h ?is p[] committ$ to !m1 to be manag$ by ! be/ ( _! skill1 = ! advantage ( ! commonweal?4 ,sect4 #adh4 ,?\gh1 z ,i said1 ! executive & f$]ative p[] ( e community be really di/9ct 9 !mselves1 yet !y are h>dly to be sep>at$1 & plac$ at ! same "t1 9 ! h&s ( di/9ct p]sons3 = bo? ( !m requir+ ! =ce ( ! society = _! ex]cise1 x is almo/ impracticable to place ! =ce ( ! commonweal? 9 di/9ct1 & n subord9ate h&s2 or t ! executive & f$]ative p[] %\ld be plac$ 9 p]sons1 t might act sep>ately1 :]eby ! =ce ( ! public w\ld be "u diff]5t comm&s3 :i* w\ld be apt "s "t or o!r to cause disord] & ru94 ,,*apt]4 ,,xiii4 ,,( ,,! ,,subord9ation ,,( ,,! ,,p[]s ,,( ,,! ,,common-,,weal?4 ,sect4 #adi4 ,,?\gh 9 a con/itut$ commonweal?1 /&+ ^u its own basis1 & act+ accord+ to its own nature1 t is1 act+ = ! pres]vation ( ! community1 !re c be b "o supreme p[]1 :i* is ! legislative1 to :i* all ! re/ are & mu/ be subord9ate1 yet ! legislative be+ only a fiduci>y p[] to act = c]ta9 ends1 !re rema9s /ill 9 ! p a supreme p[] to remove or alt] ! legislative1 :5 !y f9d ! legislative act contr>y to ! tru/ repos$ 9 !m3 = all p[] giv5 ) tru/ = ! atta9+ an end1 be+ limit$ by t end1 :5ev] t end is manife/ly neglect$1 or oppos$1 ! tru/ mu/ necess>ily be =feit$1 & ! p[] devolve into ! h&s ( ^? t gave x1 :o may place x anew :]e !y %all ?9k be/ = _! safety & security4 ,& ?us ! community p]petually reta9s a supreme p[] ( sav+ !mselves f ! attempts & designs ( any body1 ev5 ( _! legislators1 :5ev] !y %all be s fooli%1 or s wick$1 z to lay & c>ry on designs aga9/ ! lib]ties & prop]ties ( ! subject3 = no man or society ( m51 hav+ a p[] to deliv] up _! pres]vation1 or consequ5tly ! means ( x1 to ! absolute w & arbitr>y dom9ion ( ano!r2 :5 ev] any "o %all g ab\t to br+ !m into su* a slavi% condition1 !y w always h a "r to pres]ve1 :at !y h n a p[] to "p )2 & to rid !mselves ( ^?1 :o invade ?is fundam5tal1 sacr$1 & unalt]able law ( self-pres]vation1 = :i* !y ent]$ into society4 ,& ?us ! community may be said 9 ?is respect to be always ! supreme p[]1 b n z consid]$ "u any =m ( gov]nm5t1 because ?is p[] ( ! p c nev] take place till ! gov]nm5t be dissolv$4 ,sect4 #aej4 ,9 all cases1 :il/ ! gov]nm5t subsi/s1 ! legislative is ! supreme p[]3 = :at c give laws to ano!r1 mu/ ne$s be sup]ior to him2 & s9ce ! legislative is no o!rwise legislative ( ! society1 b by ! "r x has to make laws = all ! p>ts1 & = e memb] ( ! society1 prescrib+ rules to _! actions1 & giv+ p[] ( execution1 :]e !y are transgress$1 ! legislative mu/ ne$s be ! supreme1 & all o!r p[]s1 9 any memb]s or p>ts ( ! society1 d]iv$ f & subord9ate to x4 ,sect4 #aea4 ,9 "s commonweal?s1 :]e ! legislative is n always 9 be+1 & ! executive is ve/$ 9 a s+le p]son1 :o has also a %>e 9 ! legislative2 !re t s+le p]son 9 a v tol]able s5se may also be call$ supreme3 n t he has 9 himself all ! supreme p[]1 :i* is t ( law-mak+2 b because he has 9 him ! supreme execution1 f :om all inf]ior magi/rates d]ive all _! sev]al subord9ate p[]s1 or at lea/ ! greate/ "p ( !m3 hav+ also no legislative sup]ior to him1 !re be+ no law to be made )\t 8 cons5t1 :i* _c be expect$ %\ld ev] subject him to ! o!r "p ( ! legislative1 he is prop]ly en\gh 9 ?is s5se supreme4 ,b yet x is to be obs]v$1 t ?o' oa?s ( allegiance & fealty are tak5 to him1 x is n to him z supreme legislator1 b z supreme executor ( ! law1 made by a jo9t p[] ( him ) o!rs2 allegiance be+ no?+ b an ob$i5ce accord+ to law1 :i* :5 he violates1 he has no "r to ob$i5ce1 nor c claim x o!rwise ?an z ! public p]son ve/$ ) ! p[] ( ! law1 & s is to be consid]$ z ! image1 phantom1 or repres5tative ( ! commonweal?1 act$ by ! w ( ! society1 decl>$ 9 its laws2 & ?us he has no w1 no p[]1 b t ( ! law4 ,b :5 he quits ?is repres5tation1 ?is public w1 & acts by 8 own private w1 he degrades himself1 & is b a s+le private p]son )\t p[]1 & )\t w1 t has any "r to ob$i5ce2 ! memb]s ow+ no ob$i5ce b to ! public w ( ! society4 ,sect4 #aeb4 ,! executive p[]1 plac$ any :]e b 9 a p]son t has also a %>e 9 ! legislative1 is visibly subord9ate & acc\ntable to x1 & may be at pleasure *ang$ & displac$2 s t x is n ! supreme executive p[]1 t is exempt f subord9ation1 b ! supreme executive p[] ve/$ 9 "o1 :o hav+ a %>e 9 ! legislative1 has no di/9ct sup]ior legislative to be subord9ate & acc\ntable to1 f>!r ?an he himself %all jo9 & cons5t2 s t he is no m subord9ate ?an he himself %all ?9k fit1 :i* "o may c]ta9ly conclude w be b v little4 ,( o!r m9i/]ial & subord9ate p[]s 9 a commonweal?1 we ne$ n speak1 !y be+ s multipli$ ) inf9ite v>iety1 9 ! diff]5t cu/oms & con/itutions ( di/9ct commonweal?s1 t x is impossible to give a p>ticul> acc\nt ( !m all4 ,only ?us mu*1 :i* is necess>y to our pres5t purpose1 we may take notice ( conc]n+ !m1 t !y h no mann] ( au?ority1 any ( !m1 beyond :at is by positive grant & commission delegat$ to !m1 & are all ( !m acc\ntable to "s o!r p[] 9 ! commonweal?4 ,sect4 #aec4 ,x is n necess>y1 no1 nor s mu* z conv5i5t1 t ! legislative %\ld be always 9 be+2 b absolutely necess>y t ! executive p[] %\ld1 because !re is n always ne$ ( new laws to be made1 b always ne$ ( execution ( ! laws t are made4 ,:5 ! legislative ha? put ! execution ( ! laws1 !y make1 into o!r h&s1 !y h a p[] /ill to resume x out ( ^? h&s1 :5 !y f9d cause1 & to puni% = any maladm9i/ration aga9/ ! laws4 ,! same holds also 9 reg>d ( ! f$]ative p[]1 t & ! executive be+ bo? m9i/]ial & subord9ate to ! legislative1 :i*1 z has be5 %ew$1 9 a con/itut$ commonweal? is ! supreme4 ,! legislative also 9 ?is case be+ suppos$ to consi/ ( sev]al p]sons1 7= if x be a s+le p]son1 x _c b be always 9 be+1 & s w1 z supreme1 naturally h ! supreme executive p[]1 toge!r ) ! legislative7 may assemble1 & ex]cise _! legislature1 at ! times t ei!r _! orig9al con/itution1 or _! own adj\rnm5t1 appo9ts1 or :5 !y please2 if nei!r ( ^! ha? appo9t$ any "t1 or !re be no o!r way prescrib$ to convoke !m3 = ! supreme p[] be+ plac$ 9 !m by ! p1 x is always 9 !m1 & !y may ex]cise x :5 !y please1 unless by _! orig9al con/itution !y are limit$ to c]ta9 seasons1 or by an act ( _! supreme p[] !y h adj\rn$ to a c]ta9 "t2 & :5 t "t comes1 !y h a "r to assemble & act aga94 ,sect4 #aed4 ,if ! legislative1 or any "p ( x1 be made up ( repres5tatives *os5 = t "t by ! p1 :i* aft]w>ds return into ! ord9>y /ate ( subjects1 & h no %>e 9 ! legislature b ^u a new *oice1 ?is p[] ( *us+ mu/ also be ex]cis$ by ! p1 ei!r at c]ta9 appo9t$ seasons1 or else :5 !y are summon$ to x2 & 9 ?is latt] case ! p[] ( convok+ ! legislative is ord9>ily plac$ 9 ! executive1 & has "o ( ^! two limitations 9 respect ( "t3 t ei!r ! orig9al con/itution requires _! assembl+ & act+ at c]ta9 int]vals1 & !n ! executive p[] does no?+ b m9i/]ially issue directions = _! elect+ & assembl+1 accord+ to due =ms2 or else x is left to 8 prud5ce to call !m by new elections1 :5 ! occasions or exig5cies ( ! public require ! am5dm5t ( old1 or mak+ ( new laws1 or ! r$ress or prev5tion ( any inconv5i5cies1 t lie on1 or ?reat5 ! p4 ,sect4 #aee4 ,x may be dem&$ "h1 ,:at if ! executive p[]1 be+ possess$ ( ! =ce ( ! commonweal?1 %all make use ( t =ce to h9d] ! meet+ & act+ ( ! legislative1 :5 ! orig9al con/itution1 or ! public exig5cies require x8 ,i say1 us+ =ce ^u ! p )\t au?ority1 & contr>y to ! tru/ put 9 him t does s1 is a /ate ( w> ) ! p1 :o h a "r to re9/ate _! legislative 9 ! ex]cise ( _! p[]3 = hav+ erect$ a legislative1 ) an int5t !y %\ld ex]cise ! p[] ( mak+ laws1 ei!r at c]ta9 set times1 or :5 !re is ne$ ( x1 :5 !y are h9d]$ by any =ce f :at is s necess>y to ! society1 & :]e9 ! safety & pres]vation ( ! p consi/s1 ! p h a "r to remove x by =ce4 ,9 all /ates & conditions1 ! true rem$y ( =ce )\t au?ority1 is to oppose =ce to x4 ,! use ( =ce )\t au?ority1 always puts him t uses x into a /ate ( w>1 z ! aggressor1 & r5d]s him liable to be treat$ accord+ly4 ,sect4 #aef4 ,! p[] ( assembl+ & dismiss+ ! legislative1 plac$ 9 ! executive1 gives n ! executive a sup]iority ov] x1 b is a fiduci>y tru/ plac$ 9 him1 = ! safety ( ! p1 9 a case :]e ! unc]ta9ty & v>iabl5ess ( human affairs c\ld n be> a /eady fix$ rule3 = x n be+ possible1 t ! fir/ fram]s ( ! gov]nm5t %\ld1 by any =esight1 be s mu* ma/]s ( future ev5ts1 z to be able to prefix s j p]iods ( return & duration to ! assemblies ( ! legislative1 9 all times to come1 t might exactly answ] all ! exig5cies ( ! commonweal?2 ! be/ rem$y c\ld be f\nd = ?is defect1 0 to tru/ ?is to ! prud5ce ( "o :o 0 always to be pres5t1 & ^: bus9ess x 0 to wat* ov] ! public good4 ,con/ant frequ5t meet+s ( ! legislative1 & long cont9uations ( _! assemblies1 )\t necess>y occasion1 c\ld n b be burd5some to ! p1 & mu/ necess>ily 9 "t produce m dang]\s inconv5i5cies1 & yet ! quick turn ( affairs might be sometimes su* z to ne$ _! pres5t help3 any delay ( _! conv5+ might endang] ! public2 & sometimes too _! bus9ess might be s great1 t ! limit$ "t ( _! sitt+ might be too %ort = _! "w1 & rob ! public ( t b5efit :i* c\ld be _h only f _! mature delib]ation4 ,:at !n c\ld be done 9 ?is case to prev5t ! community f be+ expos$ "s "t or o!r to em95t haz>d1 on "o side or ! o!r1 by fix$ int]vals & p]iods1 set to ! meet+ & act+ ( ! legislative1 b to intru/ x to ! prud5ce ( "s1 :o be+ pres5t1 & acqua9t$ ) ! /ate ( public affairs1 might make use ( ?is pr]ogative = ! public good8 & :]e else c\ld ?is be s well plac$ z 9 8 h&s1 :o 0 intru/$ ) ! execution ( ! laws = ! same end8 ,?us suppos+ ! regulation ( times = ! assembl+ & sitt+ ( ! legislative1 n settl$ by ! orig9al con/itution1 x naturally fell into ! h&s ( ! executive1 n z an arbitr>y p[] dep5d+ on 8 good pleasure1 b ) ?is tru/ always to h x ex]cis$ only = ! public weal1 z ! occurr5ces ( times & *ange ( affairs might require4 ,:e!r settl$ p]iods ( _! conv5+1 or a lib]ty left to ! pr9ce = convok+ ! legislative1 or p]haps a mixture ( bo?1 ha? ! lea/ inconv5i5ce att5d+ x1 x is n my bus9ess "h to inquire1 b only to %ew1 t ?\gh ! executive p[] may h ! pr]ogative ( convok+ & dissolv+ su* conv5tions ( ! legislative1 yet x is n !reby sup]ior to x4 ,sect4 #aeg4 ,?+s ( ?is _w are 9 s con/ant a flux1 t no?+ rema9s long 9 ! same /ate4 ,?us p1 ri*es1 trade1 p[]1 *ange _! /ations1 fl\ri%+ mighty cities come to ru91 & prove 9 times neglect$ desolate corn]s1 :il/ o!r unfrequ5t$ places gr[ into popul\s c\ntries1 fill$ ) weal? & inhabitants4 ,b ?+s n always *ang+ equally1 & private int]e/ (t5 keep+ up cu/oms & privileges1 :5 ! reasons ( !m are ceas$1 x (t5 comes to pass1 t 9 gov]nm5ts1 :]e "p ( ! legislative consi/s ( repres5tatives *os5 by ! p1 t 9 tract ( "t ?is repres5tation becomes v unequal & disproportionate to ! reasons x 0 at fir/ e/abli%$ ^u4 ,to :at gross absurdities ! foll[+ ( cu/om1 :5 reason has left x1 may lead1 we may be satisfi$1 :5 we see ! b>e "n ( a t[n1 ( :i* !re rema9s n s mu* z ! ru9s1 :]e sc>ce s mu* h\s+ z a %eepcote1 or m inhabitants ?an a %eph]d is to be f\nd1 s5ds z _m repres5tatives to ! gr& assembly ( law-mak]s1 z a :ole c\nty num]\s 9 p1 & p[]ful 9 ri*es4 ,?is /rang]s /& amaz$ at1 & e "o mu/ confess ne$s a rem$y2 ?o' mo/ ?9k x h>d to f9d "o1 because ! con/itution ( ! legislative be+ ! orig9al & supreme act ( ! society1 antec$5t to all positive laws 9 x1 & dep5d+ :olly on ! p1 no inf]ior p[] c alt] x4 ,& !re=e ! p1 :5 ! legislative is once con/itut$1 hav+1 9 su* a gov]nm5t z we h be5 speak+ (1 no p[] to act z long z ! gov]nm5t /&s2 ?is inconv5i5ce is ?\ght incapable ( a rem$y4 ,sect4 #aeh4 ,salus populi suprema lex1 is c]ta9ly s j & fundam5tal a rule1 t he1 :o s9c]ely foll[s x1 _c dang]\sly err4 ,if !re=e ! executive1 :o has ! p[] ( convok+ ! legislative1 obs]v+ r ! true proportion1 ?an fa%ion ( repres5tation1 regulates1 n by old cu/om1 b true reason1 ! numb] ( memb]s1 9 all places t h a "r to be di/9ctly repres5t$1 :i* no "p ( ! p h[ev] incorporat$ c pret5d to1 b 9 proportion to ! assi/ance :i* x af=ds to ! public1 x _c be judg$ to h set up a new legislative1 b to h re/or$ ! old & true "o1 & to h rectifi$ ! disord]s :i* succession ( "t _h ins5sibly1 z well z inevitably introduc$3 ,= x be+ ! int]e/ z well z int5tion ( ! p1 to h a fair & equal repres5tative2 :oev] br+s x ne>e/ to t1 is an und\bt$ fri5d to1 & e/abli%] ( ! gov]nm5t1 & _c miss ! cons5t & approbation ( ! community2 pr]ogative be+ no?+ b a p[]1 9 ! h&s ( ! pr9ce1 to provide = ! public good1 9 su* cases1 :i* dep5d+ ^u un=ese5 & unc]ta9 occurr5ces1 c]ta9 & unalt]able laws c\ld n safely direct2 :atsoev] %all be done manife/ly = ! good ( ! p1 & ! e/abli%+ ! gov]nm5t ^u its true f\ndations1 is1 & always w be1 j pr]ogative1 ,! p[] ( erect+ new corporations1 & !re) new repres5tatives1 c>ries ) x a supposition1 t 9 "t ! measures ( repres5tation might v>y1 & ^? places h a j "r to be repres5t$ :i* be=e _h none2 & by ! same reason1 ^? cease to h a "r1 & be too inconsid]able = su* a privilege1 :i* be=e _h x4 ',tis n a *ange f ! pres5t /ate1 :i* p]haps corruption or decay has introduc$1 t makes an inroad ^u ! gov]nm5t1 b ! t5d5cy ( x to injure or oppress ! p1 & to set up "o "p or p>ty1 ) a di/9ction f1 & an unequal subjection ( ! re/4 ,:atsoev] _c b be ackn[l$g$ to be ( advantage to ! society1 & p 9 g5]al1 ^u j & la/+ measures1 w always1 :5 done1 ju/ify itself2 & :5ev] ! p %all *use _! repres5tatives ^u j & und5iably equal measures1 suitable to ! orig9al frame ( ! gov]nm5t1 x _c be d\bt$ to be ! w & act ( ! society1 :oev] p]mitt$ or caus$ !m s to d4 ,,*apt]4 ,,xiv4 ,,( ,,pr]ogative4 ,sect4 #aei4 ,,:]e ! legislative & executive p[] are 9 di/9ct h&s1 7z !y are 9 all mod]at$ mon>*ies1 & well-fram$ gov]nm5ts7 !re ! good ( ! society requires1 t sev]al ?+s %\ld be left to ! discretion ( him t has ! executive p[]3 = ! legislators n be+ able to =esee1 & provide by laws1 = all t may be useful to ! community1 ! executor ( ! laws hav+ ! p[] 9 8 h&s1 has by ! common law ( nature a "r to make use ( x = ! good ( ! society1 9 _m cases1 :]e ! municipal law has giv5 no direction1 till ! legislative c conv5i5tly be assembl$ to provide = x4 ,_m ?+s !re are1 :i* ! law c by no means provide =2 & ^? mu/ necess>ily be left to ! discretion ( him t has ! executive p[] 9 8 h&s1 to be ord]$ by him z ! public good & advantage %all require3 nay1 x is fit t ! laws !mselves %\ld 9 "s cases give way to ! executive p[]1 or r to ?is fundam5tal law ( nature & gov]nm5t1 viz4 ,t z mu* z may be1 all ! memb]s ( ! society are to be pres]v$3 = s9ce _m accid5ts may happ51 :]e9 a /rict & rigid obs]vation ( ! laws may d h>m2 7z n to pull d[n an innoc5t man's h\se to /op ! fire1 :5 ! next to x is burn+7 & a man may come sometimes )9 ! rea* ( ! law1 :i* makes no di/9ction ( p]sons1 by an action t may des]ve rew>d & p>don2 'tis fit ! rul] %\ld h a p[]1 9 _m cases1 to mitigate ! sev]ity ( ! law1 & p>don "s (f5d]s3 = ! end ( gov]nm5t be+ ! pres]vation ( all1 z mu* z may be1 ev5 ! guilty are to be sp>$1 :]e x c prove no prejudice to ! innoc5t4 ,sect4 #afj4 ,?is p[] to act accord+ to discretion1 = ! public good1 )\t ! prescription ( ! law1 & sometimes ev5 aga9/ x1 is t :i* is call$ pr]ogative3 = s9ce 9 "s gov]nm5ts ! lawmak+ p[] is n always 9 be+1 & is usually too num]\s1 & s too sl[1 = ! dispat* requisite to execution2 & because also x is impossible to =esee1 & s by laws to provide =1 all accid5ts & necessities t may conc]n ! public1 or to make su* laws z w d no h>m1 if !y are execut$ ) an inflexible rig\r1 on all occasions1 & ^u all p]sons t may come 9 _! way2 !re=e !re is a latitude left to ! executive p[]1 to d _m ?+s ( *oice :i* ! laws d n prescribe4 ,sect4 #afa4 ,?is p[]1 :il/ employ$ = ! b5efit ( ! community1 & suitably to ! tru/ & ends ( ! gov]nm5t1 is und\bt$ pr]ogative1 & nev] is que/ion$3 = ! p are v seldom or nev] scrupul\s or nice 9 ! po9t2 !y are f> f exam9+ pr]ogative1 :il/ x is 9 any tol]able degree employ$ = ! use x 0 meant1 t is1 = ! good ( ! p1 & n manife/ly aga9/ x3 b if !re comes to be a "q betwe5 ! executive p[] & ! p1 ab\t a ?+ claim$ z a pr]ogative2 ! t5d5cy ( ! ex]cise ( su* pr]ogative to ! good or hurt ( ! p1 w easily decide t "q4 ,sect4 #afb4 ,x is easy to conceive1 t 9 ! infancy ( gov]nm5ts1 :5 commonweal?s diff]$ little f families 9 numb] ( p1 !y diff]$ f !m too b little 9 numb] ( laws3 & ! gov]nors1 be+ z ! fa!rs ( !m1 wat*+ ov] !m = _! good1 ! gov]nm5t 0 almo/ all pr]ogative4 ,a few e/abli%$ laws s]v$ ! turn1 & ! discretion & c>e ( ! rul] suppli$ ! re/4 ,b :5 mi/ake or flatt]y prevail$ ) weak pr9ces to make use ( ?is p[] = private ends ( _! own1 & n = ! public good1 ! p 7 fa9 by express laws to get pr]ogative det]m9$ 9 ^? po9ts :]e9 !y f\nd disadvantage f x3 & ?us decl>$ limitations ( pr]ogative 7 by ! p f\nd necess>y 9 cases :i* !y & _! ance/ors _h left1 9 ! utmo/ latitude1 to ! wisdom ( ^? pr9ces :o made no o!r b a "r use ( x1 t is1 = ! good ( _! p4 ,sect4 #afc4 ,& !re=e !y h a v wrong notion ( gov]nm5t1 :o say1 t ! p h encroa*$ ^u ! pr]ogative1 :5 !y h got any "p ( x to be def9$ by positive laws3 = 9 s do+ !y h n pull$ f ! pr9ce any ?+ t ( "r belong$ to him1 b only decl>$1 t t p[] :i* !y indef9itely left 9 8 or 8 ance/ors h&s1 to be ex]cis$ = _! good1 0 n a ?+ :i* !y int5d$ him :5 he us$ x o!rwise3 = ! end ( gov]nm5t be+ ! good ( ! community1 :atsoev] alt]ations are made 9 x1 t5d+ to t end1 _c be an encroa*m5t ^u any body1 s9ce no body 9 gov]nm5t c h a "r t5d+ to any o!r end3 & ^? only are encroa*m5ts :i* prejudice or h9d] ! public good4 ,^? :o say o!rwise1 speak z if ! pr9ce _h a di/9ct & sep>ate int]e/ f ! good ( ! community1 & 0 n made = x2 ! root & s\rce f :i* spr+ almo/ all ^? evils & disord]s :i* happ5 9 k+ly gov]nm5ts4 ,& inde$1 if t be s1 ! p "u 8 gov]nm5t are n a society ( rational creatures1 ent]$ into a community = _! mutual good2 !y are n su* z h set rul]s ov] !mselves1 to gu>d1 & promote t good2 b are to be look$ on z an h]d ( inf]ior creatures "u ! dom9ion ( a ma/]1 :o keeps !m & works !m = 8 own pleasure or pr(it4 ,if m5 7 s void ( reason1 & bruti%1 z to ent] into society ^u su* t]ms1 pr]ogative might inde$ be1 :at "s m5 w\ld h x1 an arbitr>y p[] to d ?+s hurtful to ! p4 ,sect4 #afd4 ,b s9ce a rational creature _c be suppos$1 :5 free1 to put himself into subjection to ano!r1 = 8 own h>m2 7?\gh1 :]e he f9ds a good & wise rul]1 he may n p]haps ?9k x ei!r necess>y or useful to set precise b\nds to 8 p[] 9 all ?+s7 pr]ogative c be no?+ b ! p's p]mitt+ _! rul]s to d sev]al ?+s1 ( _! own free *oice1 :]e ! law 0 sil5t1 & sometimes too aga9/ ! direct lett] ( ! law1 = ! public good2 & _! acquiesc+ 9 x :5 s done3 = z a good pr9ce1 :o is m9dful ( ! tru/ put into 8 h&s1 & c>eful ( ! good ( 8 p1 _c h too mu* pr]ogative1 t is1 p[] to d good2 s a weak & ill pr9ce1 :o w\ld claim t p[] :i* 8 pr$ecessors ex]cis$ )\t ! direction ( ! law1 z a pr]ogative belong+ to him by "r ( 8 (fice1 :i* he may ex]cise at 8 pleasure1 to make or promote an int]e/ di/9ct f t ( ! public1 gives ! p an occasion to claim _! "r1 & limit t p[]1 :i*1 :il/ x 0 ex]cis$ = _! good1 !y 7 cont5t %\ld be tacitly all[$4 ,sect4 #afe4 ,& !re=e he t w look into ! hi/ory ( ,engl&1 w f9d1 t pr]ogative 0 always l>ge/ 9 ! h&s ( our wise/ & be/ pr9ces2 because ! p1 obs]v+ ! :ole t5d5cy ( _! actions to be ! public good1 conte/$ n :at 0 done )\t law to t end3 or1 if any human frailty or mi/ake 7= pr9ces are b m51 made z o!rs7 appe>$ 9 "s small decl9ations f t end2 yet 'twas visible1 ! ma9 ( _! conduct t5d$ to no?+ b ! c>e ( ! public4 ,! p !re=e1 f9d+ reason to be satisfi$ ) ^! pr9ces1 :5ev] !y act$ )\t1 or contr>y to ! lett] ( ! law1 acquiesc$ 9 :at !y did1 &1 )\t ! lea/ compla9t1 let !m inl>ge _! pr]ogative z !y pleas$1 judg+ rightly1 t !y did no?+ h]e9 to ! prejudice ( _! laws1 s9ce !y act$ con=mable to ! f\ndation & end ( all laws1 ! public good4 ,sect4 #aff4 ,su* god-l pr9ces inde$ _h "s title to arbitr>y p[] by t argum5t1 t w\ld prove absolute mon>*y ! be/ gov]nm5t1 z t :i* ,god himself gov]ns ! univ]se by2 because su* k+s p>take ( 8 wisdom & goodness4 ,^u ?is is f\nd$ t say+1 ,t ! reigns ( good pr9ces h be5 always mo/ dang]\s to ! lib]ties ( _! p3 = :5 _! successors1 manag+ ! gov]nm5t ) diff]5t ?\ghts1 w\ld draw ! actions ( ^? good rul]s into prec$5t1 & make !m ! /&>d ( _! pr]ogative1 z if :at _h be5 done only = ! good ( ! p 0 a "r 9 !m to d1 = ! h>m ( ! p1 if !y s pleas$2 x has (t5 occasion$ conte/1 & sometimes public disord]s1 be=e ! p c\ld recov] _! orig9al "r1 & get t to be decl>$ n to be pr]ogative1 :i* truly 0 nev] s2 s9ce x is impossible t any body 9 ! society %\ld ev] h a "r to d ! p h>m2 ?\gh x be v possible1 & reasonable1 t ! p %\ld n g ab\t to set any b\nds to ! pr]ogative ( ^? k+s1 or rul]s1 :o !mselves transgress$ n ! b\nds ( ! public good3 = pr]ogative is no?+ b ! p[] ( do+ public good )\t a rule4 ,sect4 #afg4 ,! p[] ( call+ p>liam5ts 9 ,engl&1 z to precise "t1 place1 & duration1 is c]ta9ly a pr]ogative ( ! k+1 b /ill ) ?is tru/1 t x %all be made use ( = ! good ( ! nation1 z ! exig5cies ( ! times1 & v>iety ( occasions1 %all require3 = x be+ impossible to =esee :i* %\ld always be ! fitte/ place = !m to assemble 91 & :at ! be/ season2 ! *oice ( ^! 0 left ) ! executive p[]1 z might be mo/ subs]vi5t to ! public good1 & be/ suit ! ends ( p>liam5ts4 ,sect4 #afh4 ,! old "q w be ask$ 9 ?is matt] ( pr]ogative1 ,b :o %all be judge :5 ?is p[] is made a "r use ( "o answ]3 betwe5 an executive p[] 9 be+1 ) su* a pr]ogative1 & a legislative t dep5ds ^u 8 w = _! conv5+1 !re c be no judge on e>?2 z !re c be none betwe5 ! legislative & ! p1 %\ld ei!r ! executive1 or ! legislative1 :5 !y h got ! p[] 9 _! h&s1 design1 or g ab\t to enslave or de/roy !m4 ,! p h no o!r rem$y 9 ?is1 z 9 all o!r cases :]e !y h no judge on e>?1 b to appeal to heav53 = ! rul]s1 9 su* attempts1 ex]cis+ a p[] ! p nev] put into _! h&s1 7:o c nev] be suppos$ to cons5t t any body %\ld rule ov] !m = _! h>m7 d t :i* !y h n a "r to d4 ,& :]e ! body ( ! p1 or any s+le man1 is depriv$ ( _! "r1 or is "u ! ex]cise ( a p[] )\t "r1 & h no appeal on e>?1 !n !y h a lib]ty to appeal to heav51 :5ev] !y judge ! cause ( suffici5t mom5t4 ,& !re=e1 ?\gh ! p _c be judge1 s z to h1 by ! con/itution ( t society1 any sup]ior p[]1 to det]m9e & give effective s5t5ce 9 ! case2 yet !y h1 by a law antec$5t & p>am\nt to all positive laws ( m51 res]v$ t ultimate det]m9ation to !mselves :i* belongs to all mank9d1 :]e !re lies no appeal on e>?1 viz4 to judge1 :e!r !y h j cause to make _! appeal to heav54 ,& ?is judgm5t !y _c "p )1 x be+ out ( a man's p[] s to submit himself to ano!r1 z to give him a lib]ty to de/roy him2 ,god & nature nev] all[+ a man s to ab&on himself1 z to neglect 8 own pres]vation3 & s9ce he _c take away 8 own life1 nei!r c he give ano!r p[] to take x4 ,nor let any "o ?9k1 ?is lays a p]petual f\ndation = disord]2 = ?is op]ates n1 till ! inconv5i5cy is s great1 t ! majority feel x1 & are we>y ( x1 & f9d a necessity to h x am5d$4 ,b ?is ! executive p[]1 or wise pr9ces1 nev] ne$ come 9 ! dang] (3 & x is ! ?+1 ( all o!rs1 !y h mo/ ne$ to avoid1 z ( all o!rs ! mo/ p]il\s4 ,,*apt]4 ,,xv4 ,,( ,,pat]nal1 ,,political1 ,,& ,,despotical ,,p[]1 ,,consid]$ ,,toge!r4 ,sect4 #afi4 ,,?\gh ,i h _h occasion to speak ( ^! sep>ately be=e1 yet ! great mi/akes ( late ab\t gov]nm5t1 hav+1 z ,i suppose1 aris5 f conf\nd+ ^! di/9ct p[]s "o ) ano!r1 x may n1 p]haps1 be amiss to consid] !m "h toge!r4 ,sect4 #agj4 ,fir/1 !n1 ,pat]nal or p>5tal p[] is no?+ b t :i* p>5ts h ov] _! *ildr51 to gov]n !m = ! *ildr5's good1 till !y come to ! use ( reason1 or a /ate ( k1 :]e9 !y may be suppos$ capable to und]/& t rule1 :e!r x be ! law ( nature1 or ! municipal law ( _! c\ntry1 !y are to gov]n !mselves by3 capable1 ,i say1 to "k x1 z well z sev]al o!rs1 :o live z freem5 "u t law4 ,! affection & t5d]ness :i* ,god ha? plant$ 9 ! brea/ ( p>5ts t[>ds _! *ildr51 makes x evid5t1 t ?is is n int5d$ to be a sev]e arbitr>y gov]nm5t1 b only = ! help1 in/ruction1 & pres]vation ( _! (fspr+4 ,b happ5 x z x w1 !re is1 z ,i h prov$1 no reason :y x %\ld be ?\ght to ext5d to life & dea?1 at any "t1 ov] _! *ildr51 m ?an ov] any body else2 nei!r c !re be any pret5ce :y ?is p>5tal p[] %\ld keep ! *ild1 :5 gr[n to a man1 9 subjection to ! w ( 8 p>5ts1 any f>!r ?an hav+ receiv$ life & education f 8 p>5ts1 obliges him to respect1 hon\r1 gratitude1 assi/ance & support1 all 8 life1 to bo? fa!r & "m4 ,& ?us1 'tis true1 ! pat]nal is a natural gov]nm5t1 b n at all ext5d+ itself to ! ends & jurisdictions ( t :i* is political4 ,! p[] ( ! fa!r do? n rea* at all to ! prop]ty ( ! *ild1 :i* is only 9 8 own dispos+4 ,sect4 #aga4 ,secondly1 ,political p[] is t p[]1 :i* e man hav+ 9 ! /ate ( nature1 has giv5 up into ! h&s ( ! society1 & !re9 to ! gov]nors1 :om ! society ha? set ov] itself1 ) ?is express or tacit tru/1 t x %all be employ$ = _! good1 & ! pres]vation ( _! prop]ty3 n[ ?is p[]1 :i* e man has 9 ! /ate ( nature1 & :i* he p>ts ) to ! society 9 all su* cases :]e ! society c secure him1 is to use su* means1 = ! pres]v+ ( 8 own prop]ty1 z he ?9ks good1 & nature all[s him2 & to puni% ! brea* ( ! law ( nature 9 o!rs1 s z 7accord+ to ! be/ ( 8 reason7 may mo/ conduce to ! pres]vation ( himself1 & ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,s t ! end & measure ( ?is p[]1 :5 9 e man's h&s 9 ! /ate ( nature1 be+ ! pres]vation ( all ( 8 society1 t is1 all mank9d 9 g5]al1 x c h no o!r end or measure1 :5 9 ! h&s ( ! magi/rate1 b to pres]ve ! memb]s ( t society 9 _! lives1 lib]ties1 & possessions2 & s _c be an absolute1 arbitr>y p[] ov] _! lives & =tunes1 :i* are z mu* z possible to be pres]v$2 b a p[] to make laws1 & annex su* p5alties to !m1 z may t5d to ! pres]vation ( ! :ole1 by cutt+ (f ^? p>ts1 & ^? only1 :i* are s corrupt1 t !y ?reat5 ! s\nd & heal?y1 )\t :i* no sev]ity is lawful4 ,& ?is p[] has its orig9al only f compact & agreem5t1 & ! mutual cons5t ( ^? :o make up ! community4 ,sect4 #agb4 ,?irdly1 ,despotical p[] is an absolute1 arbitr>y p[] "o man has ov] ano!r1 to take away 8 life1 :5ev] he pleases4 ,?is is a p[]1 :i* nei!r nature gives1 = x has made no su* di/9ction betwe5 "o man & ano!r2 nor compact c convey3 = man n hav+ su* an arbitr>y p[] ov] 8 own life1 _c give ano!r man su* a p[] ov] x2 b x is ! effect only ( =feiture1 :i* ! aggressor makes ( 8 own life1 :5 he puts himself into ! /ate ( w> ) ano!r3 = hav+ quitt$ reason1 :i* ,god ha? giv5 to be ! rule betwixt man & man1 & ! common bond :]eby human k9d is unit$ into "o fell[%ip & society2 & hav+ r5\nc$ ! way ( peace :i* t tea*es1 & made use ( ! =ce ( w>1 to compass 8 unju/ ends ^u ano!r1 :]e he has no "r2 & s revolt+ f 8 own k9d to t ( bea/s1 by mak+ =ce1 :i* is _!'s1 to be 8 rule ( "r1 he r5d]s himself liable to be de/roy$ by ! injur$ p]son1 & ! re/ ( mank9d1 t w jo9 ) him 9 ! execution ( ju/ice1 z any o!r wild bea/1 or noxi\s brute1 ) :om mank9d c h nei!r society nor security994 ,& ?us captives1 tak5 9 a j & lawful w>1 & su* only1 are subject to a despotical p[]1 :i*1 z x arises n f compact1 s nei!r is x capable ( any1 b is ! /ate ( w> cont9u$3 = :at compact c be made ) a man t is n ma/] ( 8 own life8 :at condition c he p]=m8 & if he be once all[$ to be ma/] ( 8 own life1 ! despotical1 arbitr>y p[] ( 8 ma/] ceases4 ,he t is ma/] ( himself1 & 8 own life1 has a "r too to ! means ( pres]v+ x2 s t z soon z compact ent]s1 slav]y ceases1 & he s f> quits 8 absolute p[]1 & puts an end to ! /ate ( w>1 :o ent]s into conditions ) 8 captive4 799,ano!r copy correct$ by ,mr4 ,locke1 has x ?us1 ,noxi\s brute t is de/ructive to _! be+47 ,sect4 #agc4 ,nature gives ! fir/ ( ^!1 viz4 pat]nal p[] to p>5ts = ! b5efit ( _! *ildr5 dur+ _! m9ority1 to supply _! want ( ability1 & und]/&+ h[ to manage _! prop]ty4 7,by prop]ty ,i mu/ be und]/ood "h1 z 9 o!r places1 to mean t prop]ty :i* m5 h 9 _! p]sons z well z goods47 ,volunt>y agreem5t gives ! second1 viz4 political p[] to gov]nors = ! b5efit ( _! subjects1 to secure !m 9 ! possession & use ( _! prop]ties4 ,& =feiture gives ! ?ird despotical p[] to lords = _! own b5efit1 ov] ^? :o are /ripp$ ( all prop]ty4 ,sect4 #agd4 ,he1 t %all consid] ! di/9ct rise & ext5t1 & ! diff]5t ends ( ^! sev]al p[]s1 w pla9ly see1 t pat]nal p[] comes z f> %ort ( t ( ! magi/rate1 z despotical exce$s x2 & t absolute dom9ion1 h[ev] plac$1 is s f> f be+ "o k9d ( civil society1 t x is z inconsi/5t ) x1 z slav]y is ) prop]ty4 ,pat]nal p[] is only :]e m9ority makes ! *ild incapable to manage 8 prop]ty2 political1 :]e m5 h prop]ty 9 _! own disposal2 & despotical1 ov] su* z h no prop]ty at all4 ,,*apt]4 ,,xvi4 ,,( ,,conque/4 ,sect4 #age4 ,,?\gh gov]nm5ts c orig9ally h no o!r rise ?an t be=e m5tion$1 nor polities be f\nd$ on any ?+ b ! cons5t ( ! p2 yet su* h be5 ! disord]s ambition has fill$ ! _w )1 t 9 ! noise ( w>1 :i* makes s great a "p ( ! hi/ory ( mank9d1 ?is cons5t is little tak5 notice (3 & !re=e _m h mi/ak5 ! =ce ( arms = ! cons5t ( ! p1 & reckon conque/ z "o ( ! orig9als ( gov]nm5t4 ,b conque/ is z f> f sett+ up any gov]nm5t1 z demoli%+ an h\se is f build+ a new "o 9 ! place4 ,inde$1 x (t5 makes way = a new frame ( a commonweal?1 by de/roy+ ! =m]2 b1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! p1 c nev] erect a new "o4 ,sect4 #agf4 ,t ! aggressor1 :o puts himself into ! /ate ( w> ) ano!r1 & unju/ly invades ano!r man's "r1 c1 by su* an unju/ w>1 nev] come to h a "r ov] ! conqu]$1 w be easily agre$ by all m51 :o w n ?9k1 t robb]s & pyrates h a "r ( empire ov] :omsoev] !y h =ce en\gh to ma/]2 or t m5 are b\nd by promises1 :i* unlawful =ce extorts f !m4 ,%\ld a robb] break into my h\se1 & ) a dagg] at my ?roat make me seal de$s to convey my e/ate to him1 w\ld ?is give him any title8 ,j su* a title1 by 8 sword1 has an unju/ conqu]or1 :o =ces me into submission4 ,! injury & ! crime is equal1 :e!r committ$ by ! we>] ( a cr[n1 or "s petty villa94 ,! title ( ! (f5d]1 & ! numb] ( 8 foll[]s1 make no diff]5ce 9 ! (f5ce1 unless x be to aggravate x4 ,! only diff]5ce is1 great robb]s puni% little ones1 to keep !m 9 _! ob$i5ce2 b ! great ones are rew>d$ ) laurels & triumphs1 because !y are too big = ! weak h&s ( ju/ice 9 ?is _w1 & h ! p[] 9 _! own possession1 :i* %\ld puni% (f5d]s4 ,:at is my rem$y aga9/ a robb]1 t s broke into my h\se8 ,appeal to ! law = ju/ice4 ,b p]haps ju/ice is d5i$1 or ,i am crippl$ & _c /ir1 robb$ & h n ! means to d x4 ,if ,god has tak5 away all means ( seek+ rem$y1 !re is no?+ left b pati5ce4 ,b my son1 :5 able1 may seek ! relief ( ! law1 :i* ,i am d5i$3 he or 8 son may r5ew 8 appeal1 till he recov] 8 "r4 ,b ! conqu]$1 or _! *ildr51 h no c\rt1 no arbitrator on e>? to appeal to4 ,!n !y may appeal1 z ,jeph?a did1 to heav51 & repeat _! appeal till !y h recov]$ ! native "r ( _! ance/ors1 :i* 01 to h su* a legislative ov] !m1 z ! majority %\ld approve1 & freely acquiesce 94 ,if x be object$1 ,?is w\ld cause endless tr\ble2 ,i answ]1 no m ?an ju/ice does1 :]e %e lies op5 to all t appeal to h]4 ,he t tr\bles 8 neighb\r )\t a cause1 is puni%$ = x by ! ju/ice ( ! c\rt he appeals to3 & he t appeals to heav5 mu/ be sure he has "r on 8 side2 & a "r too t is wor? ! tr\ble & co/ ( ! appeal1 z he w answ] at a tribunal t _c be deceiv$1 & w be sure to retribute to e "o accord+ to ! mis*iefs he ha? creat$ to 8 fell[ subjects2 t is1 any "p ( mank9d3 f :5ce x is pla91 t he t conqu]s 9 an unju/ w> c !reby h no title to ! subjection & ob$i5ce ( ! conqu]$4 ,sect4 #agg4 ,b suppos+ victory fav\rs ! "r side1 let u consid] a conqu]or 9 a lawful w>1 & see :at p[] he gets1 & ov] :om4 ,fir/1 ,x is pla9 he gets no p[] by 8 conque/ ov] ^? t conqu]$ ) him4 ,!y t f\ght on 8 side _c suff] by ! conque/1 b mu/ at lea/ be z mu* freem5 z !y 7 be=e4 ,& mo/ commonly !y s]ve ^u t]ms1 & on condition to %>e ) _! lead]1 & enjoy a "p ( ! spoil1 & o!r advantages t att5d ! conqu]+ sword2 or at lea/ h a "p ( ! subdu$ c\ntry be/[$ ^u !m4 ,& ! conqu]+ p are n1 ,i hope1 to be slaves by conque/1 & we> _! laurels only to %ew !y are sacrifices to _! lead]s triumph4 ,!y t f\nd absolute mon>*y ^u ! title ( ! sword1 make _! h]oes1 :o are ! f\nd]s ( su* mon>*ies1 arrant ,draw-c-sirs1 & =get !y _h any (fic]s & soldi]s t f\ght on _! side 9 ! battles !y won1 or assi/$ !m 9 ! subdu+1 or %>$ 9 possess+1 ! c\ntries !y ma/]$4 ,we are told by "s1 t ! ,engli% mon>*y is f\nd$ 9 ! ,norman conque/1 & t our pr9ces h !reby a title to absolute dom9ion3 :i* if x 7 true1 7z by ! hi/ory x appe>s o!rwise7 & t ,william _h a "r to make w> on ?is isl&2 yet 8 dom9ion by conque/ c\ld rea* no f>!r ?an to ! ,saxons & ,britons1 t 7 !n inhabitants ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,normans t came ) him1 & help$ to conqu]1 & all desc5d$ f !m1 are freem51 & no subjects by conque/2 let t give :at dom9ion x w4 ,& if ,i1 or any body else1 %all claim fre$om1 z d]iv$ f !m1 x w be v h>d to prove ! contr>y3 & x is pla91 ! law1 t has made no di/9ction betwe5 ! "o & ! o!r1 int5ds n !re %\ld be any diff]5ce 9 _! fre$om or privileges4 ,sect4 #agh4 ,b suppos+1 :i* seldom happ5s1 t ! conqu]ors & conqu]$ nev] incorporate into "o p1 "u ! same laws & fre$om2 let u see next :at p[] a lawful conqu]or has ov] ! subdu$3 & t ,i say is purely despotical4 ,he has an absolute p[] ov] ! lives ( ^? :o by an unju/ w> h =feit$ !m2 b n ov] ! lives or =tunes ( ^? :o engag$ n 9 ! w>1 nor ov] ! possessions ev5 ( ^? :o 7 actually engag$ 9 x4 ,sect4 #agi4 ,secondly1 ,i say !n ! conqu]or gets no p[] b only ov] ^? :o h actually assi/$1 concurr$1 or cons5t$ to t unju/ =ce t is us$ aga9/ him3 = ! p hav+ giv5 to _! gov]nors no p[] to d an unju/ ?+1 su* z is to make an unju/ w>1 7= !y nev] _h su* a p[] 9 !mselves7 !y ought n to be *>g$ z guilty ( ! viol5ce & unju/ice t is committ$ 9 an unju/ w>1 any f>!r ?an !y actually abet x2 no m ?an !y are to be ?\ght guilty ( any viol5ce or oppression _! gov]nors %\ld use ^u ! p !mselves1 or any "p ( _! fell[ subjects1 !y hav+ emp[]$ !m no m to ! "o ?an to ! o!r4 ,conqu]ors1 x is true1 seldom tr\ble !mselves to make ! di/9ction1 b !y will+ly p]mit ! confusion ( w> to sweep all toge!r3 b yet ?is alt]s n ! "r2 = ! conqu]ors p[] ov] ! lives ( ! conqu]$1 be+ only because !y h us$ =ce to d1 or ma9ta9 an inju/ice1 he c h t p[] only ov] ^? :o h concurr$ 9 t =ce2 all ! re/ are innoc5t2 & he has no m title ov] ! p ( t c\ntry1 :o h done him no injury1 & s h made no =feiture ( _! lives1 ?an he has ov] any o!r1 :o1 )\t any injuries or provocations1 h liv$ ^u fair t]ms ) him4 ,sect4 #ahj4 ,?irdly1 ,! p[] a conqu]or gets ov] ^? he ov]comes 9 a j w>1 is p]fectly despotical3 he has an absolute p[] ov] ! lives ( ^?1 :o1 by putt+ !mselves 9 a /ate ( w>1 h =feit$ !m2 b he has n !reby a "r & title to _! possessions4 ,?is ,i d\bt n1 b at fir/ sight w seem a /range doctr9e1 x be+ s q contr>y to ! practice ( ! _w2 !re be+ no?+ m famili> 9 speak+ ( ! dom9ion ( c\ntries1 ?an to say su* an "o conqu]$ x2 z if conque/1 )\t any m ado1 convey$ a "r ( possession4 ,b :5 we consid]1 t ! practice ( ! /rong & p[]ful1 h[ univ]sal soev] x may be1 is seldom ! rule ( "r1 h[ev] x be "o "p ( ! subjection ( ! conqu]$1 n to argue aga9/ ! conditions cut out to !m by ! conqu]+ sword4 ,sect4 #aha4 ,?\gh 9 all w> !re be usually a complication ( =ce & damage1 & ! aggressor seldom fails to h>m ! e/ate1 :5 he uses =ce aga9/ ! p]sons ( ^? he makes w> ^u2 yet x is ! use ( =ce only t puts a man into ! /ate ( w>3 = :e!r by =ce he beg9s ! injury1 or else hav+ quietly1 & by fraud1 done ! injury1 he refuses to make rep>ation1 & by =ce ma9ta9s x1 7:i* is ! same ?+1 z at fir/ to h done x by =ce7 x is ! unju/ use ( =ce t makes ! w>3 = he t breaks op5 my h\se1 & viol5tly turns me out ( doors2 or hav+ peaceably got 91 by =ce keeps me out1 does 9 effect ! same ?+2 suppos+ we are 9 su* a /ate1 t we h no common judge on e>?1 :om ,i may appeal to1 & to :om we are bo? oblig$ to submit3 = ( su* ,i am n[ speak+4 ,x is ! unju/ use ( =ce !n1 t puts a man into ! /ate ( w> ) ano!r2 & !reby he t is guilty ( x makes a =feiture ( 8 life3 = quitt+ reason1 :i* is ! rule giv5 betwe5 man & man1 & us+ =ce1 ! way ( bea/s1 he becomes liable to be de/roy$ by him he uses =ce aga9/1 z any savage rav5\s bea/1 t is dang]\s to 8 be+4 ,sect4 #ahb4 ,b because ! misc>riages ( ! fa!r are no faults ( ! *ildr51 & !y may be rational & peaceable1 not)/&+ ! bruti%ness & inju/ice ( ! fa!r2 ! fa!r1 by 8 misc>riages & viol5ce1 c =feit b 8 own life1 b involves n 8 *ildr5 9 8 guilt or de/ruction4 ,8 goods1 :i* nature1 t wille? ! pres]vation ( all mank9d z mu* z is possible1 ha? made to belong to ! *ildr5 to keep !m f p]i%+1 d /ill cont9ue to belong to 8 *ildr53 = suppos+ !m n to h jo9$ 9 ! w>1 ei!r ?ro' infancy1 abs5ce1 or *oice1 !y h done no?+ to =feit !m3 nor has ! conqu]or any "r to take !m away1 by ! b>e title ( hav+ subdu$ him t by =ce attempt$ 8 de/ruction2 ?\gh p]haps he may h "s "r to !m1 to repair ! damages he has su/a9$ by ! w>1 & ! def5ce ( 8 own "r2 :i* h[ f> x rea*es to ! possessions ( ! conqu]$1 we %all see by & by4 ,s t he t by conque/ has a "r ov] a man's p]son to de/roy him if he pleases1 has n !reby a "r ov] 8 e/ate to possess & enjoy x3 = x is ! brutal =ce ! aggressor has us$1 t gives 8 adv]s>y a "r to take away 8 life1 & de/roy him if he pleases1 z a noxi\s creature2 b x is damage su/a9$ t alone gives him title to ano!r man's goods3 = ?\gh ,i may kill a ?ief t sets on me 9 ! highway1 yet ,i may n 7:i* seems less7 take away 8 money1 & let him g3 ?is w\ld be robb]y on my side4 ,8 =ce1 & ! /ate ( w> he put himself 91 made him =feit 8 life1 b gave me no title to 8 goods4 ,! "r !n ( conque/ ext5ds only to ! lives ( ^? :o jo9$ 9 ! w>1 n to _! e/ates1 b only 9 ord] to make rep>ation = ! damages receiv$1 & ! *>ges ( ! w>1 & t too ) res]vation ( ! "r ( ! innoc5t wife & *ildr54 ,sect4 #ahc4 ,let ! conqu]or h z mu* ju/ice on 8 side1 z c\ld be suppos$1 he has no "r to seize m ?an ! vanqui%$ c\ld =feit3 8 life is at ! victor's m]cy2 & 8 s]vice & goods he may appropriate1 to make himself rep>ation2 b he _c take ! goods ( 8 wife & *ildr52 !y too _h a title to ! goods he enjoy$1 & _! %>es 9 ! e/ate he possess$3 = example1 ,i 9 ! /ate ( nature 7& all commonweal?s are 9 ! /ate ( nature "o ) ano!r7 h injur$ ano!r man1 & refus+ to give satisfaction1 x comes to a /ate ( w>1 :]e9 my def5d+ by =ce :at ,i _h gott5 unju/ly1 makes me ! aggressor4 ,i am conqu]$3 my life1 x is true1 z =feit1 is at m]cy1 b n my wife's & *ildr5's4 ,!y made n ! w>1 nor assi/$ 9 x4 ,i c\ld n =feit _! lives2 !y 7 n m9e to =feit4 ,my wife _h a %>e 9 my e/ate2 t nei!r c\ld ,i =feit4 ,& my *ildr5 also1 be+ born ( me1 _h a "r to be ma9ta9$ out ( my lab\r or sub/ance4 ,"h !n is ! case3 ! conqu]or has a title to rep>ation = damages receiv$1 & ! *ildr5 h a title to _! fa!r's e/ate = _! subsi/5ce3 = z to ! wife's %>e1 :e!r h] own lab\r1 or compact1 gave h] a title to x1 x is pla91 h] husb& c\ld n =feit :at 0 h]'s4 ,:at mu/ be done 9 ! case8 ,i answ]2 ! fundam5tal law ( nature be+1 t all1 z mu* z may be1 %\ld be pres]v$1 x foll[s1 t if !re be n en\gh fully to satisfy bo?1 viz1 = ! conqu]or's losses1 & *ildr5's ma9t5ance1 he t ha?1 & to sp>e1 mu/ remit some?+ ( 8 full satisfaction1 & give way to ! press+ & pref]able title ( ^? :o are 9 dang] to p]i% )\t x4 ,sect4 #ahd4 ,b suppos+ ! *>ge & damages ( ! w> are to be made up to ! conqu]or1 to ! utmo/ f>?+2 & t ! *ildr5 ( ! vanqui%$1 spoil$ ( all _! fa!r's goods1 are to be left to />ve & p]i%2 yet ! satisfy+ ( :at %all1 on ?is score1 be due to ! conqu]or1 w sc>ce give him a title to any c\ntry he %all conqu]3 = ! damages ( w> c sc>ce am\nt to ! value ( any consid]able tract ( l&1 9 any "p ( ! _w1 :]e all ! l& is possess$1 & none lies wa/e4 ,& if ,i h n tak5 away ! conqu]or's l&1 :i*1 be+ vanqui%$1 x is impossible ,i %\ld2 sc>ce any o!r spoil ,i h done him c am\nt to ! value ( m9e1 suppos+ x equally cultivat$1 & ( an ext5t any way com+ ne> :at ,i _h ov]run ( 84 ,! de/ruction ( a ye>'s product or two 7= x seldom rea*es f\r or five7 is ! utmo/ spoil t usually c be done3 = z to money1 & su* ri*es & treasure tak5 away1 ^! are none ( nature's goods1 !y h b a fanta/ical imag9>y value3 nature has put no su* ^u !m3 !y are ( no m acc\nt by h] /&>d1 ?an ! wampompeke ( ! ,am]icans to an ,european pr9ce1 or ! silv] money ( ,europe w\ld h be5 =m]ly to an ,am]ican4 ,& five ye>s product is n wor? ! p]petual inh]itance ( l&1 :]e all is possess$1 & none rema9s wa/e1 to be tak5 up by him t is disseiz$3 :i* w be easily grant$1 if "o d b take away ! imag9>y value ( money1 ! disproportion be+ m ?an betwe5 five & five hundr$2 ?\gh1 at ! same "t1 half a ye>'s product is m wor? ?an ! inh]itance1 :]e !re be+ m l& ?an ! inhabitants possess & make use (1 any "o has lib]ty to make use ( ! wa/e3 b !re conqu]ors take little c>e to possess !mselves ( ! l&s ( ! vanqui%$1 ,no damage !re=e1 t m5 9 ! /ate ( nature 7z all pr9ces & gov]nm5ts are 9 ref]5ce to "o ano!r7 suff] f "o ano!r1 c give a conqu]or p[] to dispossess ! po/]ity ( ! vanqui%$1 & turn !m out ( t inh]itance1 :i* ought to be ! possession ( !m & _! desc5dants to all g5]ations4 ,! conqu]or inde$ w be apt to ?9k himself ma/]3 & x is ! v condition ( ! subdu$ n to be able to dispute _! "r4 ,b if t be all1 x gives no o!r title ?an :at b>e =ce gives to ! /rong] ov] ! weak]3 &1 by ?is reason1 he t is /ronge/ w h a "r to :atev] he pleases to seize on4 ,sect4 #ahe4 ,ov] ^? !n t jo9$ ) him 9 ! w>1 & ov] ^? ( ! subdu$ c\ntry t oppos$ him n1 & ! po/]ity ev5 ( ^? t did1 ! conqu]or1 ev5 9 a j w>1 ha?1 by 8 conque/1 no "r ( dom9ion3 !y are free f any subjection to him1 & if _! =m] gov]nm5t be dissolv$1 !y are at lib]ty to beg9 & erect ano!r to !mselves4 ,sect4 #ahf4 ,! conqu]or1 x is true1 usually1 by ! =ce he has ov] !m1 compels !m1 ) a sword at _! brea/s1 to /oop to 8 conditions1 & submit to su* a gov]nm5t z he pleases to af=d !m2 b ! enquiry is1 :at "r he has to d s8 ,if x be said1 !y submit by _! own cons5t1 !n ?is all[s _! own cons5t to be necess>y to give ! conqu]or a title to rule ov] !m4 ,x rema9s only to be consid]$1 :e!r promises extort$ by =ce1 )\t "r1 c be ?\ght cons5t1 & h[ f> !y b9d4 ,to :i* ,i %all say1 !y b9d n at all2 because :atsoev] ano!r gets f me by =ce1 ,i /ill reta9 ! "r (1 & he is oblig$ pres5tly to re/ore4 ,he t =ces my horse f me1 ought pres5tly to re/ore him1 & ,i h /ill a "r to retake him4 ,by ! same reason1 he t =c$ a promise f me1 ought pres5tly to re/ore x1 i4e4 quit me ( ! obligation ( x2 or ,i may resume x myself1 i4e4 *use :e!r ,i w p]=m x3 = ! law ( nature lay+ an obligation on me only by ! rules %e prescribes1 _c oblige me by ! violation ( h] rules3 su* is ! extort+ any ?+ f me by =ce4 ,nor does x at all alt] ! case to say1 ,i gave my promise1 no m ?an x excuses ! =ce1 & passes ! "r1 :5 ,i put my h& 9 my pocket1 & deliv] my purse myself to a ?ief1 :o dem&s x ) a pi/ol at my brea/4 ,sect4 #ahg4 ,f all :i* x foll[s1 t ! gov]nm5t ( a conqu]or1 impos$ by =ce on ! subdu$1 aga9/ :om he _h no "r ( w>1 or :o jo9$ n 9 ! w> aga9/ him1 :]e he _h "r1 has no obligation ^u !m4 ,sect4 #ahh4 ,b let u suppose1 t all ! m5 ( t community1 be+ all memb]s ( ! same body politic1 may be tak5 to h jo9$ 9 t unju/ w> :]e9 !y are subdu$1 & s _! lives are at ! m]cy ( ! conqu]or4 ,sect4 #ahi4 ,i say ?is conc]ns n _! *ildr5 :o are 9 _! m9ority3 = s9ce a fa!r ha? n1 9 himself1 a p[] ov] ! life or lib]ty ( 8 *ild1 no act ( 8 c possibly =feit x4 ,s t ! *ildr51 :atev] may h happ5$ to ! fa!rs1 are freem51 & ! absolute p[] ( ! conqu]or rea*es no f>!r ?an ! p]sons ( ! m5 t 7 subdu$ by him1 & dies ) !m3 & %\ld he gov]n !m z slaves1 subject$ to 8 absolute arbitr>y p[]1 he has no su* "r ( dom9ion ov] _! *ildr54 ,he c h no p[] ov] !m b by _! own cons5t1 :atev] he may drive !m to say or d2 & he has no lawfull au?ority1 :il/ =ce1 & n *oice1 compels !m to submission4 ,sect4 #aij4 ,e man is born ) a d\ble "r3 fir/1 a "r ( fre$om to 8 p]son1 :i* no o!r man has a p[] ov]1 b ! free disposal ( x lies 9 himself4 ,secondly1 a "r1 be=e any o!r man1 to inh]it ) 8 bre?r5 8 fa!r's goods4 ,sect4 #aia4 ,by ! fir/ ( ^!1 a man is naturally free f subjection to any gov]nm5t1 ?o' he be born 9 a place "u its jurisdiction2 b if he disclaim ! lawful gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry he 0 born 91 he mu/ also quit ! "r t belong$ to him by ! laws ( x1 & ! possessions !re desc5d+ to him f 8 ance/ors1 if x 7 a gov]nm5t made by _! cons5t4 ,sect4 #aib4 ,by ! second1 ! inhabitants ( any c\ntry1 :o are desc5d$1 & d]ive a title to _! e/ates f ^? :o are subdu$1 & _h a gov]nm5t =c$ ^u !m aga9/ _! free cons5ts1 reta9 a "r to ! possession ( _! ance/ors1 ?\gh !y cons5t n freely to ! gov]nm5t1 ^: h>d conditions 7 by =ce impos$ on ! possessors ( t c\ntry3 = ! fir/ conqu]or nev] hav+ _h a title to ! l& ( t c\ntry1 ! p :o are ! desc5dants (1 or claim "u ^? :o 7 =c$ to submit to ! yoke ( a gov]nm5t by con/ra9t1 h always a "r to %ake x (f1 & free !mselves f ! usurpation or tyranny :i* ! sword ha? br\ght 9 ^u !m1 till _! rul]s put !m "u su* a frame ( gov]nm5t z !y will+ly & ( *oice cons5t to4 ,:o d\bts b ! ,grecian ,*ri/ians1 desc5dants ( ! anci5t possessors ( t c\ntry1 may ju/ly ca/ (f ! ,turki% yoke1 :i* !y h s long groan$ "u1 :5ev] !y h an opportunity to d x8 ,= no gov]nm5t c h a "r to ob$i5ce f a p :o h n freely cons5t$ to x2 :i* !y c nev] be suppos$ to d1 till ei!r !y are put 9 a full /ate ( lib]ty to *use _! gov]nm5t & gov]nors1 or at lea/ till !y h su* /&+ laws1 to :i* !y h by !mselves or _! repres5tatives giv5 _! free cons5t1 & also till !y are all[$ _! due prop]ty1 :i* is s to be proprietors ( :at !y h1 t no body c take away any "p ( x )\t _! own cons5t1 )\t :i*1 m5 "u any gov]nm5t are n 9 ! /ate ( freem51 b are direct slaves "u ! =ce ( w>4 ,sect4 #aic4 ,b grant+ t ! conqu]or 9 a j w> has a "r to ! e/ates1 z well z p[] ov] ! p]sons1 ( ! conqu]$2 :i*1 x is pla91 he ha? n3 no?+ ( absolute p[] w foll[ f h5ce1 9 ! cont9uance ( ! gov]nm5t2 because ! desc5dants ( ^! be+ all freem51 if he grants !m e/ates & possessions to inhabit 8 c\ntry1 7)\t :i* x w\ld be wor? no?+7 :atsoev] he grants !m1 !y h1 s f> z x is grant$1 prop]ty 94 ,! nature :]e( is1 t )\t a man's own cons5t x _c be tak5 f him4 ,sect4 #aid4 ,_! p]sons are free by a native "r1 & _! prop]ties1 be !y m or less1 are _! own1 & at _! own dispose1 & n at 82 or else x is no prop]ty4 ,suppos+ ! conqu]or gives to "o man a ?\s& acres1 to him & 8 heirs = ev]2 to ano!r he lets a ?\s& acres = 8 life1 "u ! r5t ( #ejl4 or #ejjl4 p] ann4 has n ! "o ( ^! a "r to 8 ?\s& acres = ev]1 & ! o!r1 dur+ 8 life1 pay+ ! said r5t8 & ha? n ! t5ant = life a prop]ty 9 all t he gets ov] & above 8 r5t1 by 8 lab\r & indu/ry dur+ ! said t]m1 suppos+ x be d\ble ! r5t8 ,c any "o say1 ! k+1 or conqu]or1 aft] 8 grant1 may by 8 p[] ( conqu]or take away all1 or "p ( ! l& f ! heirs ( "o1 or f ! o!r dur+ 8 life1 he pay+ ! r5t8 or c he take away f ei!r ! goods or money !y h got ^u ! said l&1 at 8 pleasure8 ,if he c1 !n all free & volunt>y contracts cease1 & are void 9 ! _w2 !re ne$s no?+ to dissolve !m at any "t1 b p[] en\gh3 & all ! grants & promises ( m5 9 p[] are b mock]y & collusion3 = c !re be any ?+ m ridicul\s ?an to say1 ,i give y & y\r's ?is = ev]1 & t 9 ! sure/ & mo/ solemn way ( conveyance c be devis$2 & yet x is to be und]/ood1 t ,i h "r1 if ,i please1 to take x away f y aga9 to morr[8 ,sect4 #aie4 ,i w n dispute n[ :e!r pr9ces are exempt f ! laws ( _! c\ntry2 b ?is ,i am sure1 !y owe subjection to ! laws ( ,god & nature4 ,no body1 no p[]1 c exempt !m f ! obligations ( t et]nal law4 ,^? are s great1 & s /rong1 9 ! case ( promises1 t omnipot5cy itself c be ti$ by !m4 ,grants1 promises1 & oa?s1 are bonds t hold ! ,almighty3 :atev] "s flatt]]s say to pr9ces ( ! _w1 :o all toge!r1 ) all _! p jo9$ to !m1 are1 9 comp>ison ( ! great ,god1 b z a drop ( ! bucket1 or a du/ on ! balance1 inconsid]able1 no?+6 ,sect4 #aif4 ,! %ort ( ! case 9 conque/ is ?is3 ! conqu]or1 if he h a j cause1 has a despotical "r ov] ! p]sons ( all1 t actually aid$1 & concurr$ 9 ! w> aga9/ him1 & a "r to make up 8 damage & co/ out ( _! lab\r & e/ates1 s he injure n ! "r ( any o!r4 ,ov] ! re/ ( ! p1 if !re 7 any t cons5t$ n to ! w>1 & ov] ! *ildr5 ( ! captives !mselves1 or ! possessions ( ei!r1 he has no p[]2 & s c h1 by virtue ( conque/1 no lawful title himself to dom9ion ov] !m1 or d]ive x to 8 po/]ity2 b is an aggressor1 if he attempts ^u _! prop]ties1 & !reby puts himself 9 a /ate ( w> aga9/ !m1 & has no bett] a "r ( pr9cipality1 he1 nor any ( 8 successors1 ?an ,h+>1 or ,hubba1 ! ,danes1 _h "h 9 ,engl&2 or ,sp>tacus1 _h he conqu]$ ,italy1 w\ld h _h2 :i* is to h _! yoke ca/ (f1 z soon z ,god %all give ^? "u _! subjection c\rage & opportunity to d x4 ,?us1 not)/&+ :atev] title ! k+s ( ,assyria _h ov] ,judah1 by ! sword1 ,god assi/$ ,hezekiah to ?r[ (f ! dom9ion ( t conqu]+ empire4 ,& ! "l 0 ) ,hezekiah1 & he prosp]$2 :]e=e he w5t =?1 & he rebell$ aga9/ ! k+ ( ,assyria1 & s]v$ him n1 #b ,k+s xviii4 #g4 ,:5ce x is pla91 t %ak+ (f a p[]1 :i* =ce1 & n "r1 ha? set ov] any "o1 ?\gh x ha? ! "n ( rebellion1 yet is no (f5ce be=e ,god1 b is t :i* he all[s & c\nt5ances1 ?\gh ev5 promises & cov5ants1 :5 obta9$ by =ce1 h int]v5$3 = x is v probable1 to any "o t reads ! /ory ( ,ahaz & ,hezekiah att5tively1 t ! ,assyrians subdu$ ,ahaz1 & depos$ him1 & made ,hezekiah k+ 9 8 fa!r's lifetime2 & t ,hezekiah by agreem5t _h done him homage1 & paid him tribute all ?is "t4 ,,*apt]4 ,,xvii4 ,,( ,,usurpation4 ,sect4 #aig4 ,,z conque/ may be call$ a =eign usurpation1 s usurpation is a k9d ( dome/ic conque/1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t an usurp] c nev] h "r on 8 side1 x be+ no usurpation1 b :]e "o is got into ! possession ( :at ano!r has "r to4 ,?is1 s f> z x is usurpation1 is a *ange only ( p]sons1 b n ( ! =ms & rules ( ! gov]nm5t3 = if ! usurp] ext5d 8 p[] beyond :at ( "r belong$ to ! lawful pr9ces1 or gov]nors ( ! commonweal?1 x is tyranny add$ to usurpation4 ,sect4 #aih4 ,9 all lawful gov]nm5ts1 ! designation ( ! p]sons1 :o are to be> rule1 is z natural & necess>y a "p z ! =m ( ! gov]nm5t itself1 & is t :i* _h its e/abli%m5t orig9ally f ! p2 ! an>*y be+ mu* alike1 to h no =m ( gov]nm5t at all2 or to agree1 t x %all be mon>*ical1 b to appo9t no way to design ! p]son t %all h ! p[]1 & be ! mon>*4 ,h5ce all commonweal?s1 ) ! =m ( gov]nm5t e/abli%$1 h rules also ( appo9t+ ^? :o are to h any %>e 9 ! public au?ority1 & settl$ me?ods ( convey+ ! "r to !m3 = ! an>*y is mu* alike1 to h no =m ( gov]nm5t at all2 or to agree t x %all be mon>*ical1 b to appo9t no way to "k or design ! p]son t %all h ! p[]1 & be ! mon>*4 ,:oev] gets into ! ex]cise ( any "p ( ! p[]1 by o!r ways ?an :at ! laws ( ! community h prescrib$1 ha? no "r to be obey$1 ?\gh ! =m ( ! commonweal? be /ill pres]v$2 s9ce he is n ! p]son ! laws h appo9t$1 & consequ5tly n ! p]son ! p h cons5t$ to4 ,nor c su* an usurp]1 or any d]iv+ f him1 ev] h a title1 till ! p are bo? at lib]ty to cons5t1 & h actually cons5t$ to all[1 & confirm 9 him ! p[] he ha? till !n usurp$4 ,,*apt]4 ,,xviii4 ,,( ,,tyranny4 ,sect4 #aii4 ,,z usurpation is ! ex]cise ( p[]1 :i* ano!r ha? a "r to2 s tyranny is ! ex]cise ( p[] beyond "r1 :i* no body c h a "r to4 ,& ?is is mak+ use ( ! p[] any "o has 9 8 h&s1 n = ! good ( ^? :o are "u x1 b = 8 own private sep>ate advantage4 ,:5 ! gov]nor1 h[ev] intitl$1 makes n ! law1 b 8 w1 ! rule2 & 8 comm&s & actions are n direct$ to ! pres]vation ( ! prop]ties ( 8 p1 b ! satisfaction ( 8 own ambition1 rev5ge1 covet\sness1 or any o!r irregul> passion4 ,sect4 #bjj4 ,if "o c d\bt ?is to be tru?1 or reason1 because x comes f ! obscure h& ( a subject1 ,i hope ! au?ority ( a k+ w make x pass ) him4 ,k+ ,james ! fir/1 9 8 spee* to ! p>liam5t1 #afjc1 tells !m ?us1 _/ ,i w ev] pref] ! weal ( ! public1 & ( ! :ole commonweal?1 9 mak+ ( good laws & con/itutions1 to any p>ticul> & private ends ( m9e2 ?9k+ ev] ! weal? & weal ( ! commonweal? to be my greate/ weal & worldly felicity2 a po9t :]e9 a lawful k+ do? directly diff] f a tyrant3 = ,i d ackn[l$ge1 t ! special & greate/ po9t ( diff]5ce t is betwe5 a rightful k+ & an usurp+ tyrant1 is ?is1 t :]eas ! pr\d & ambiti\s tyrant do? ?9k 8 k+dom & p are only orda9$ = satisfaction ( 8 desires & unreasonable appetites1 ! righte\s & j k+ do? by ! contr>y ackn[l$ge himself to be orda9$ = ! procur+ ( ! weal? & prop]ty ( 8 p4 _/ ,& aga91 9 8 spee* to ! p>liam5t1 #afji1 he ha? ^! words3 _/ ,! k+ b9ds himself by a d\ble oa?1 to ! obs]vation ( ! fundam5tal laws ( 8 k+dom2 tacitly1 z by be+ a k+1 & s b\nd to protect z well ! p1 z ! laws ( 8 k+dom2 & expressly1 by 8 oa? at 8 coronation1 s z e j k+1 9 a settl$ k+dom1 is b\nd to obs]ve t paction made to 8 p1 by 8 laws1 9 fram+ 8 gov]nm5t agreeable !reunto1 accord+ to t paction :i* ,god made ) ,noah aft] ! deluge4 ,h]eaft]1 se$-"t & h>ve/1 & cold & heat1 & summ] & w9t]1 & day & night1 %all n cease :ile ! e>? rema9e?4 ,& !re=e a k+ gov]n+ 9 a settl$ k+dom1 leaves to be a k+1 & deg5]ates into a tyrant1 z soon z he leaves (f to rule accord+ to 8 laws4 _/ ,& a little aft]1 _/ ,!re=e all k+s t are n tyrants1 or p]jur$1 w be glad to b\nd !mselves )9 ! limits ( _! laws2 & !y t p]suade !m ! contr>y1 are vip]s1 & pe/s bo? aga9/ !m & ! commonweal?4 _/ ,?us t le>n$ k+1 :o well und]/ood ! notion ( ?+s1 makes ! diff]5ce betwixt a k+ & a tyrant to consi/ only 9 ?is1 t "o makes ! laws ! b\nds ( 8 p[]1 & ! good ( ! public1 ! end ( 8 gov]nm5t2 ! o!r makes all give way to 8 own w & appetite4 ,sect4 #bja4 ,x is a mi/ake1 to ?9k ?is fault is prop] only to mon>*ies2 o!r =ms ( gov]nm5t are liable to x1 z well z t3 = :]ev] ! p[]1 t is put 9 any h&s = ! gov]nm5t ( ! p1 & ! pres]vation ( _! prop]ties1 is appli$ to o!r ends1 & made use ( to impov]i%1 h>ass1 or subdue !m to ! arbitr>y & irregul> comm&s ( ^? t h x2 !re x pres5tly becomes tyranny1 :e!r ^? t ?us use x are "o or _m4 ,?us we read ( ! ?irty tyrants at ,a!ns1 z well z "o at ,syracuse2 & ! intol]able dom9ion ( ! ,decemviri at ,rome 0 no?+ bett]4 ,sect4 #bjb4 ,:]e-ev] law ends1 tyranny beg9s1 if ! law be transgress$ to ano!r's h>m2 & :osoev] 9 au?ority exce$s ! p[] giv5 him by ! law1 & makes use ( ! =ce he has "u 8 comm&1 to compass t ^u ! subject1 :i* ! law all[s n1 ceases 9 t to be a magi/rate2 &1 act+ )\t au?ority1 may be oppos$1 z any o!r man1 :o by =ce invades ! "r ( ano!r4 ,?is is ackn[l$g$ 9 subord9ate magi/rates4 ,he t ha? au?ority to seize my p]son 9 ! /reet1 may be oppos$ z a ?ief & a robb]1 if he endeav\rs to break into my h\se to execute a writ1 not)/&+ t ,i "k he has su* a w>rant1 & su* a legal au?ority1 z w imp[] him to arre/ me abroad4 ,& :y ?is %\ld n hold 9 ! highe/1 z well z 9 ! mo/ inf]ior magi/rate1 ,i w\ld gladly be in=m$4 ,is x reasonable1 t ! elde/ bro!r1 because he has ! greate/ "p ( 8 fa!r's e/ate1 %\ld !reby h a "r to take away any ( 8 y\ng] bro!rs portions8 or t a ri* man1 :o possess$ a :ole c\ntry1 %\ld f !nce h a "r to seize1 :5 he pleas$1 ! cottage & g>d5 ( 8 poor neighb\r8 ,! be+ rightfully possess$ ( great p[] & ri*es1 exce$+ly beyond ! greate/ "p ( ! sons ( ,adam1 is s f> f be+ an excuse1 mu* less a reason1 = rap9e & oppression1 :i* ! endamag+ ano!r )\t au?ority is1 t x is a great aggravation ( x3 = ! exce$+ ! b\nds ( au?ority is no m a "r 9 a great1 ?an 9 a petty (fic]2 no m ju/ifiable 9 a k+ ?an a con/able2 b is s mu* ! worse 9 him1 9 t he has m tru/ put 9 him1 has already a mu* great] %>e ?an ! re/ ( 8 bre?r51 & is suppos$1 f ! advantages ( 8 education1 employm5t1 & c\nsellors1 to be m kn[+ 9 ! measures ( "r & wrong4 ,sect4 #bjc4 ,may ! comm&s !n ( a pr9ce be oppos$8 may he be resi/$ z (t5 z any "o %all f9d himself aggriev$1 & b imag9e he has n "r done him8 ,?is w unh+e & ov]turn all polities1 &1 in/ead ( gov]nm5t & ord]1 leave no?+ b an>*y & confusion4 ,sect4 #bjd4 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 t =ce is to be oppos$ to no?+1 b to unju/ & unlawful =ce2 :oev] makes any opposition 9 any o!r case1 draws on himself a j condemnation bo? f ,god & man2 & s no su* dang] or confusion w foll[1 z is (t5 sugge/$3 =1 ,sect4 #bje4 ,fir/1 ,z1 9 "s c\ntries1 ! p]son ( ! pr9ce by ! law is sacr$2 & s1 :atev] he comm&s or does1 8 p]son is /ill free f all "q or viol5ce1 n liable to =ce1 or any judicial c5sure or condemnation4 ,b yet opposition may be made to ! illegal acts ( any inf]ior (fic]1 or o!r commission$ by him2 unless he w1 by actually putt+ himself into a /ate ( w> ) 8 p1 dissolve ! gov]nm5t1 & leave !m to t def5ce :i* belongs to e "o 9 ! /ate ( nature3 = ( su* ?+s :o c tell :at ! end w be8 & a neighb\r k+dom has %ew$ ! _w an odd example4 ,9 all o!r cases ! sacr$ness ( ! p]son exempts him f all inconv5i5cies1 :]eby he is secure1 :il/ ! gov]nm5t /&s1 f all viol5ce & h>m :atsoev]2 ?an :i* !re _c be a wis] con/itution3 = ! h>m he c d 9 8 own p]son n be+ likely to happ5 (t51 nor to ext5d itself f>2 nor be+ able by 8 s+le /r5g? to subv]t ! laws1 nor oppress ! body ( ! p1 %\ld any pr9ce h s mu* weakness1 & ill nature z to be will+ to d x1 ! inconv5i5cy ( "s p>ticul> mis*iefs1 t may happ5 sometimes1 :5 a heady pr9ce comes to ! ?rone1 are well recomp5s$ by ! peace ( ! public1 & security ( ! gov]nm5t1 9 ! p]son ( ! *ief magi/rate1 ?us set out ( ! rea* ( dang]3 x be+ saf] = ! body1 t "s few private m5 %\ld be sometimes 9 dang] to suff]1 ?an t ! head ( ! republic %\ld be easily1 & ^u slight occasions1 expos$4 ,sect4 #bjf4 ,secondly1 ,b ?is privilege1 belong+ only to ! k+'s p]son1 h9d]s n1 b !y may be que/ion$1 oppos$1 & resi/$1 :o use unju/ =ce1 ?\gh !y pret5d a commission f him1 :i* ! law au?orizes n2 z is pla9 9 ! case ( him t has ! k+'s writ to arre/ a man1 :i* is a full commission f ! k+2 & yet he t has x _c break op5 a man's h\se to d x1 nor execute ?is comm& ( ! k+ ^u c]ta9 days1 nor 9 c]ta9 places1 ?\gh ?is commission h no su* exception 9 x2 b !y are ! limitations ( ! law1 :i* if any "o transgress1 ! k+'s commission excuses him n3 = ! k+'s au?ority be+ giv5 him only by ! law1 he _c imp[] any "o to act aga9/ ! law1 or ju/ify him1 by 8 commission1 9 s do+2 ! commission1 or comm& ( any magi/rate1 :]e he has no au?ority1 be+ z void & insignificant1 z t ( any private man2 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! "o & ! o!r1 be+ t ! magi/rate has "s au?ority s f>1 & to su* ends1 & ! private man has none at all3 = x is n ! commission1 b ! au?ority1 t gives ! "r ( act+2 & aga9/ ! laws !re c be no au?ority4 ,b1 not)/&+ su* resi/ance1 ! k+'s p]son & au?ority are /ill bo? secur$1 & s no dang] to gov]nor or gov]nm5t4 ,sect4 #bjg4 ,?irdly1 ,suppos+ a gov]nm5t :]e9 ! p]son ( ! *ief magi/rate is n ?us sacr$2 yet ?is doctr9e ( ! lawfulness ( resi/+ all unlawful ex]cises ( 8 p[]1 w n ^u e slight occasion indang] him1 or imbroil ! gov]nm5t3 = :]e ! injur$ p>ty may be reliev$1 & 8 damages repair$ by appeal to ! law1 !re c be no pret5ce = =ce1 :i* is only to be us$ :]e a man is int]cept$ f appeal+ to ! law3 = no?+ is to be acc\nt$ ho/ile =ce1 b :]e x leaves n ! rem$y ( su* an appeal2 & x is su* =ce alone1 t puts him t uses x into a /ate ( w>1 & makes x lawful to resi/ him4 ,a man ) a sword 9 8 h& dem&s my purse 9 ! high-way1 :5 p]haps ,i h n twelve p5ce 9 my pocket3 ?is man ,i may lawfully kill4 ,to ano!r ,i deliv] #ajj p\nds to hold only :il/ ,i alight1 :i* he refuses to re/ore me1 :5 ,i am got up aga91 b draws 8 sword to def5d ! possession ( x by =ce1 if ,i endeav\r to retake x4 ,! mis*ief ?is man does me is a hundr$1 or possibly a ?\s& times m ?an ! o!r p]haps int5d$ me 7:om ,i kill$ be=e he really did me any72 & yet ,i might lawfully kill ! "o1 & _c s mu* z hurt ! o!r lawfully4 ,! reason :]e( is pla92 because ! "o us+ =ce1 :i* ?reat5$ my life1 ,i c\ld n h "t to appeal to ! law to secure x3 & :5 x 0 gone1 x 0 too late to appeal4 ,! law c\ld n re/ore life to my dead c>cass3 ! loss 0 irrep>able2 :i* to prev5t1 ! law ( nature gave me a "r to de/roy him1 :o _h put himself into a /ate ( w> ) me1 & ?reat5$ my de/ruction4 ,b 9 ! o!r case1 my life n be+ 9 dang]1 ,i may h ! b5efit ( appeal+ to ! law1 & h rep>ation = my #ajj p\nds t way4 ,sect4 #bjh4 ,f\r?ly1 ,b if ! unlawful acts done by ! magi/rate be ma9ta9$ 7by ! p[] he has got71 & ! rem$y :i* is due by law1 be by ! same p[] ob/ruct$2 yet ! "r ( resi/+1 ev5 9 su* manife/ acts ( tyranny1 w n sudd5ly1 or on slight occasions1 di/urb ! gov]nm5t3 = if x rea* no f>!r ?an "s private m5's cases1 ?\gh !y h a "r to def5d !mselves1 & to recov] by =ce :at by unlawful =ce is tak5 f !m2 yet ! "r to d s w n easily engage !m 9 a conte/1 :]e9 !y are sure to p]i%2 x be+ z impossible = "o1 or a few oppress$ m5 to di/urb ! gov]nm5t1 :]e ! body ( ! p d n ?9k !mselves conc]n$ 9 x1 z = a rav+ mad-man1 or heady malcont5t to ov]turn a well settl$ /ate2 ! p be+ z little apt to foll[ ! "o1 z ! o!r4 ,sect4 #bji4 ,b if ei!r ^! illegal acts h ext5d$ to ! majority ( ! p2 or if ! mis*ief & oppression has light$ only on "s few1 b 9 su* cases1 z ! prec$5t1 & consequ5ces seem to ?reat5 all2 & !y are p]suad$ 9 _! consci5ces1 t _! laws1 & ) !m _! e/ates1 lib]ties1 & lives are 9 dang]1 & p]haps _! religion too2 h[ !y w be h9d]$ f resi/+ illegal =ce1 us$ aga9/ !m1 ,i _c tell4 ,?is is an inconv5i5ce1 ,i confess1 t att5ds all gov]nm5ts :atsoev]1 :5 ! gov]nors h br\ght x to ?is pass1 to be g5]ally suspect$ ( _! p2 ! mo/ dang]\s /ate :i* !y c possibly put !mselves 91 :]e9 !y are ! less to be piti$1 because x is s easy to be avoid$2 x be+ z impossible = a gov]nor1 if he really means ! good ( 8 p1 & ! pres]vation ( !m1 & _! laws toge!r1 n to make !m see & feel x1 z x is = ! fa!r ( a family1 n to let 8 *ildr5 see he loves1 & takes c>e ( !m4 ,sect4 #baj4 ,b if all ! _w %all obs]ve pret5ces ( "o k9d1 & actions ( ano!r2 arts us$ to elude ! law1 & ! tru/ ( pr]ogative 7:i* is an arbitr>y p[] 9 "s ?+s left 9 ! pr9ce's h& to d good1 n h>m to ! p7 employ$ contr>y to ! end = :i* x 0 giv53 if ! p %all f9d ! m9i/]s & subord9ate magi/rates *os5 suitable to su* ends1 & fav\r$1 or laid by1 proportionably z !y promote or oppose !m3 if !y see sev]al exp]im5ts made ( arbitr>y p[]1 & t religion und]h& fav\r$1 7?o' publicly proclaim$ aga9/7 :i* is readie/ to introduce x2 & ! op]ators 9 x support$1 z mu* z may be2 & :5 t _c be done1 yet approv$ /ill1 & lik$ ! bett]3 if a long tra9 ( actions %ew ! c\ncils all t5d+ t way2 h[ c a man any m h9d] himself f be+ p]suad$ 9 8 own m9d1 :i* way ?+s are go+2 or f ca/+ ab\t h[ to save himself1 ?an he c\ld f believ+ ! capta9 ( ! %ip he 0 91 0 c>ry+ him1 & ! re/ ( ! company1 to ,algi]s1 :5 he f\nd him always /e]+ t c\rse1 ?\gh cross w9ds1 leaks 9 8 %ip1 & want ( m5 & provisions did (t5 =ce him to turn 8 c\rse ano!r way = "s "t1 :i* he /eadily return$ to aga91 z soon z ! w9d1 wea!r1 & o!r circum/ances w\ld let him8 ,,*apt]4 ,,xix4 ,,( ,,! ,,dissolution ,,( ,,gov]nm5t4 ,sect4 #baa4 ,,he t w ) any cle>ness speak ( ! dissolution ( gov]nm5t1 ought 9 ! fir/ place to di/+ui% betwe5 ! dissolution ( ! society & ! dissolution ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,t :i* makes ! community1 & br+s m5 out ( ! loose /ate ( nature1 into "o politic society1 is ! agreem5t :i* e "o has ) ! re/ to incorporate1 & act z "o body1 & s be "o di/9ct commonweal?4 ,! usual1 & almo/ only way :]eby ?is union is dissolv$1 is ! inroad ( =eign =ce mak+ a conque/ ^u !m3 = 9 t case1 7n be+ able to ma9ta9 & support !mselves1 z "o intire & indep5d5t body7 ! union belong+ to t body :i* consi/$ !re91 mu/ necess>ily cease1 & s e "o return to ! /ate he 0 9 be=e1 ) a lib]ty to %ift = himself1 & provide = 8 own safety1 z he ?9ks fit1 9 "s o!r society4 ,:5ev] ! society is dissolv$1 x is c]ta9 ! gov]nm5t ( t society _c rema94 ,?us conqu]ors swords (t5 cut up gov]nm5ts by ! roots1 & mangle societies to pieces1 sep>at+ ! subdu$ or scatt]$ multitude f ! protection (1 & dep5d5ce on1 t society :i* ought to h pres]v$ !m f viol5ce4 ,! _w is too well in/ruct$ 91 & too =w>d to all[ (1 ?is way ( dissolv+ ( gov]nm5ts1 to ne$ any m to be said ( x2 & !re wants n mu* argum5t to prove1 t :]e ! society is dissolv$1 ! gov]nm5t _c rema92 t be+ z impossible1 z = ! frame ( an h\se to subsi/ :5 ! mat]ials ( x are scatt]$ & dissipat$ by a :irl-w9d1 or jumbl$ into a confus$ heap by an e>?quake4 ,sect4 #bab4 ,besides ?is ov]-turn+ f )\t1 gov]nm5ts are dissolv$ f )94 ,fir/1 ,:5 ! legislative is alt]$4 ,civil society be+ a /ate ( peace1 among/ ^? :o are ( x1 f :om ! /ate ( w> is exclud$ by ! umpirage1 :i* !y h provid$ 9 _! legislative1 = ! end+ all diff]5ces t may arise among/ any ( !m1 x is 9 _! legislative1 t ! memb]s ( a commonweal? are unit$1 & comb9$ toge!r into "o coh]5t liv+ body4 ,?is is ! s\l t gives =m1 life1 & unity1 to ! commonweal?3 f h5ce ! sev]al memb]s h _! mutual influ5ce1 sympa?y1 & connexion3 & !re=e1 :5 ! legislative is brok51 or dissolv$1 dissolution & dea? foll[s3 = ! ess5ce & union ( ! society consi/+ 9 hav+ "o w1 ! legislative1 :5 once e/abli%$ by ! majority1 has ! decl>+1 & z x 7 keep+ ( t w4 ,! con/itution ( ! legislative is ! fir/ & fundam5tal act ( society1 :]eby provision is made = ! cont9uation ( _! union1 "u ! direction ( p]sons1 & bonds ( laws1 made by p]sons au?oriz$ !reunto1 by ! cons5t & appo9tm5t ( ! p1 )\t :i* no "o man1 or numb] ( m51 among/ !m1 c h au?ority ( mak+ laws t %all be b9d+ to ! re/4 ,:5 any "o1 or m1 %all take ^u !m to make laws1 :om ! p h n appo9t$ s to d1 !y make laws )\t au?ority1 :i* ! p are n !re=e b\nd to obey2 by :i* means !y come aga9 to be out ( subjection1 & may con/itute to !mselves a new legislative1 z !y ?9k be/1 be+ 9 full lib]ty to resi/ ! =ce ( ^?1 :o )\t au?ority w\ld impose any ?+ ^u !m4 ,e "o is at ! disposure ( 8 own w1 :5 ^? :o _h1 by ! delegation ( ! society1 ! decl>+ ( ! public w1 are exclud$ f x1 & o!rs usurp ! place1 :o h no su* au?ority or delegation4 ,sect4 #bac4 ,?is be+ usually br\ght ab\t by su* 9 ! commonweal? :o misuse ! p[] !y h2 x is h>d to consid] x aright1 & "k at ^: door to lay x1 )\t kn[+ ! =m ( gov]nm5t 9 :i* x happ5s4 ,let u suppose !n ! legislative plac$ 9 ! concurr5ce ( ?ree di/9ct p]sons4 7i#a_/;i74 ,a s+le h]$it>y p]son1 hav+ ! con/ant1 supreme1 executive p[]1 & ) x ! p[] ( convok+ & dissolv+ ! o!r two )9 c]ta9 p]iods ( "t4 7i#b_/;i74 ,an assembly ( h]$it>y nobility4 7i#c_/;i74 ,an assembly ( repres5tatives *os51 pro tempore1 by ! p4 ,su* a =m ( gov]nm5t suppos$1 x is evid5t1 ,sect4 #bad4 ,fir/1 ,t :5 su* a s+le p]son1 or pr9ce1 sets up 8 own arbitr>y w 9 place ( ! laws1 :i* are ! w ( ! society1 decl>$ by ! legislative1 !n ! legislative is *ang$3 = t be+ 9 effect ! legislative1 ^: rules & laws are put 9 execution1 & requir$ to be obey$2 :5 o!r laws are set up1 & o!r rules pret5d$1 & in=c$1 ?an :at ! legislative1 con/itut$ by ! society1 h enact$1 x is pla9 t ! legislative is *ang$4 ,:oev] introduces new laws1 n be+ !reunto au?oriz$ by ! fundam5tal appo9tm5t ( ! society1 or subv]ts ! old1 dis[ns & ov]turns ! p[] by :i* !y 7 made1 & s sets up a new legislative4 ,sect4 #bae4 ,secondly1 ,:5 ! pr9ce h9d]s ! legislative f assembl+ 9 its due "t1 or f act+ freely1 pursuant to ^? ends = :i* x 0 con/itut$1 ! legislative is alt]$3 = x is n a c]ta9 numb] ( m51 no1 nor _! meet+1 unless !y h also fre$om ( debat+1 & leisure ( p]fect+1 :at is = ! good ( ! society1 :]e9 ! legislative consi/s3 :5 ^! are tak5 away or alt]$1 s z to deprive ! society ( ! due ex]cise ( _! p[]1 ! legislative is truly alt]$2 = x is n names t con/itute gov]nm5ts1 b ! use & ex]cise ( ^? p[]s t 7 int5d$ to accompany !m2 s t he1 :o takes away ! fre$om1 or h9d]s ! act+ ( ! legislative 9 its due seasons1 9 effect takes away ! legislative1 & puts an end to ! gov]nm5t4 ,sect4 #baf4 ,?irdly1 ,:51 by ! arbitr>y p[] ( ! pr9ce1 ! electors1 or ways ( election1 are alt]$1 )\t ! cons5t1 & contr>y to ! common int]e/ ( ! p1 !re also ! legislative is alt]$3 =1 if o!rs ?an ^? :om ! society ha? au?oriz$ !reunto1 d *use1 or 9 ano!r way ?an :at ! society ha? prescrib$1 ^? *os5 are n ! legislative appo9t$ by ! p4 ,sect4 #bag4 ,f\r?ly1 ,! deliv]y also ( ! p into ! subjection ( a =eign p[]1 ei!r by ! pr9ce1 or by ! legislative1 is c]ta9ly a *ange ( ! legislative1 & s a dissolution ( ! gov]nm5t3 = ! end :y p ent]$ into society be+ to be pres]v$ "o intire1 free1 indep5d5t society1 to be gov]n$ by its own laws2 ?is is lo/1 :5ev] !y are giv5 up into ! p[] ( ano!r4 ,sect4 #bah4 ,:y1 9 su* a con/itution z ?is1 ! dissolution ( ! gov]nm5t 9 ^! cases is to be imput$ to ! pr9ce1 is evid5t2 because he1 hav+ ! =ce1 treasure & (fices ( ! /ate to employ1 & (t5 p]suad+ himself1 or be+ flatt]$ by o!rs1 t z supreme magi/rate he is uncapable ( contr\l2 he alone is 9 a condition to make great advances t[>d su* *anges1 "u pret5ce ( lawful au?ority1 & has x 9 8 h&s to t]rify or suppress oppos]s1 z facti\s1 s$iti\s1 & enemies to ! gov]nm5t3 :]eas no o!r "p ( ! legislative1 or p1 is capable by !mselves to attempt any alt]ation ( ! legislative1 )\t op5 & visible rebellion1 apt en\gh to be tak5 notice (1 :i*1 :5 x prevails1 produces effects v little diff]5t f =eign conque/4 ,besides1 ! pr9ce 9 su* a =m ( gov]nm5t1 hav+ ! p[] ( dissolv+ ! o!r p>ts ( ! legislative1 & !reby r5d]+ !m private p]sons1 !y c nev] 9 opposition to him1 or )\t 8 concurr5ce1 alt] ! legislative by a law1 8 cons5t be+ necess>y to give any ( _! decrees t sanction4 ,b yet1 s f> z ! o!r p>ts ( ! legislative any way contribute to any attempt ^u ! gov]nm5t1 & d ei!r promote1 or n1 :at lies 9 !m1 h9d] su* designs1 !y are guilty1 & p>take 9 ?is1 :i* is c]ta9ly ! greate/ crime :i* m5 c p>take ( "o t[>ds ano!r4 ,sec4 #bai4,!re is "o way m :]eby su* a gov]nm5t may be dissolv$1 & t is3 ,:5 he :o has ! supreme executive p[]1 neglects & ab&ons t *>ge1 s t ! laws already made c no long] be put 9 execution4 ,?is is demon/ratively to r$uce all to an>*y1 & s effectually to dissolve ! gov]nm5t3 = laws n be+ made = !mselves1 b to be1 by _! execution1 ! bonds ( ! society1 to keep e "p ( ! body politic 9 its due place & function2 :5 t totally ceases1 ! gov]nm5t visibly ceases1 & ! p become a confus$ multitude1 )\t ord] or connexion4 ,:]e !re is no long] ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 = ! secur+ ( m5's rights1 nor any rema9+ p[] )9 ! community to direct ! =ce1 or provide = ! necessities ( ! public1 !re c]ta9ly is no gov]nm5t left4 ,:]e ! laws _c be execut$1 x is all "o z if !re 7 no laws2 & a gov]nm5t )\t laws is1 ,i suppose1 a my/]y 9 politics1 unconceivable to human capacity1 & inconsi/5t ) human society4 ,sect4 #bbj4 ,9 ^! & ! l cases1 :5 ! gov]nm5t is dissolv$1 ! p are at lib]ty to provide = !mselves1 by erect+ a new legislative1 diff]+ f ! o!r1 by ! *ange ( p]sons1 or =m1 or bo?1 z !y %all f9d x mo/ = _! safety & good3 = ! society c nev]1 by ! fault ( ano!r1 lose ! native & orig9al "r x has to pres]ve itself1 :i* c only be done by a settl$ legislative1 & a fair & imp>tial execution ( ! laws made by x4 ,b ! /ate ( mank9d is n s mis]able t !y are n capable ( us+ ?is rem$y1 till x be too late to look = any4 ,to tell p !y may provide = !mselves1 by erect+ a new legislative1 :5 by oppression1 artifice1 or be+ deliv]$ ov] to a =eign p[]1 _! old "o is gone1 is only to tell !m1 !y may expect relief :5 x is too late1 & ! evil is pa/ cure4 ,?is is 9 effect no m ?an to bid !m fir/ be slaves1 & !n to take c>e ( _! lib]ty2 & :5 _! *a9s are on1 tell !m1 !y may act l freem54 ,?is1 if b>ely s1 is r mock]y ?an relief2 & m5 c nev] be secure f tyranny1 if !re be no means to escape x till !y are p]fectly "u x3 & !re=e x is1 t !y h n only a "r to get out ( x1 b to prev5t x4 ,sect4 #bba4 ,!re is !re=e1 secondly1 ano!r way :]eby gov]nm5ts are dissolv$1 & t is1 :5 ! legislative1 or ! pr9ce1 ei!r ( !m1 act contr>y to _! tru/4 ,fir/1 ,! legislative acts aga9/ ! tru/ repos$ 9 !m1 :5 !y endeav\r to invade ! prop]ty ( ! subject1 & to make !mselves1 or any "p ( ! community1 ma/]s1 or arbitr>y dispos]s ( ! lives1 lib]ties1 or =tunes ( ! p4 ,sect4 #bbb4 ,! reason :y m5 ent] into society1 is ! pres]vation ( _! prop]ty2 & ! end :y !y *use & au?orize a legislative1 is1 t !re may be laws made1 & rules set1 z gu>ds & f5ces to ! prop]ties ( all ! memb]s ( ! society1 to limit ! p[]1 & mod]ate ! dom9ion1 ( e "p & memb] ( ! society3 = s9ce x c nev] be suppos$ to be ! w ( ! society1 t ! legislative %\ld h a p[] to de/roy t :i* e "o designs to secure1 by ent]+ into society1 & = :i* ! p submitt$ !mselves to legislators ( _! own mak+2 :5ev] ! legislators endeav\r to take away1 & de/roy ! prop]ty ( ! p1 or to r$uce !m to slav]y "u arbitr>y p[]1 !y put !mselves into a /ate ( w> ) ! p1 :o are !reupon absolv$ f any f>!r ob$i5ce1 & are left to ! common refuge1 :i* ,god ha? provid$ = all m51 aga9/ =ce & viol5ce4 ,:5soev] !re=e ! legislative %all transgress ?is fundam5tal rule ( society2 & ei!r by ambition1 fe>1 folly or corruption1 endeav\r to grasp !mselves1 or put into ! h&s ( any o!r1 an absolute p[] ov] ! lives1 lib]ties1 & e/ates ( ! p2 by ?is brea* ( tru/ !y =feit ! p[] ! p _h put into _! h&s = q contr>y ends1 & x devolves to ! p1 :o h a "r to resume _! orig9al lib]ty1 &1 by ! e/abli%m5t ( a new legislative1 7su* z !y %all ?9k fit7 provide = _! own safety & security1 :i* is ! end = :i* !y are 9 society4 ,:at ,i h said "h1 conc]n+ ! legislative 9 g5]al1 holds true also conc]n+ ! supreme executor1 :o hav+ a d\ble tru/ put 9 him1 bo? to h a "p 9 ! legislative1 & ! supreme execution ( ! law1 acts aga9/ bo?1 :5 he goes ab\t to set up 8 own arbitr>y w z ! law ( ! society4 ,he acts also contr>y to 8 tru/1 :5 he ei!r employs ! =ce1 treasure1 & (fices ( ! society1 to corrupt ! repres5tatives1 & ga9 !m to 8 purposes2 or op5ly pre5gages ! electors1 & prescribes to _! *oice1 su*1 :om he has1 by sollicitations1 ?reats1 promises1 or o!rwise1 won to 8 designs2 & employs !m to br+ 9 su*1 :o h promis$ be=e-h& :at to vote1 & :at to enact4 ,?us to regulate c&idates & electors1 & new-model ! ways ( election1 :at is x b to cut up ! gov]nm5t by ! roots1 & poison ! v f\nta9 ( public security8 = ! p hav+ res]v$ to !mselves ! *oice ( _! repres5tatives1 z ! f5ce to _! prop]ties1 c\ld d x = no o!r end1 b t !y might always be freely *os51 & s *os51 freely act1 & advise1 z ! necessity ( ! commonweal?1 & ! public good %\ld1 ^u exam9ation1 & mature debate1 be judg$ to require4 ,?is1 ^? :o give _! votes be=e !y he> ! debate1 & h weigh$ ! reasons on all sides1 are n capable ( do+4 ,to prep>e su* an assembly z ?is1 & endeav\r to set up ! decl>$ abettors ( 8 own w1 = ! true repres5tatives ( ! p1 & ! law-mak]s ( ! society1 is c]ta9ly z great a brea* ( tru/1 & z p]fect a decl>ation ( a design to subv]t ! gov]nm5t1 z is possible to be met )4 ,to :i*1 if "o %all add rew>ds & puni%m5ts visibly employ$ to ! same end1 & all ! arts ( p]v]t$ law made use (1 to take (f & de/roy all t /& 9 ! way ( su* a design1 & w n comply & cons5t to betray ! lib]ties ( _! c\ntry1 x w be pa/ d\bt :at is do+4 ,:at p[] !y ought to h 9 ! society1 :o ?us employ x contr>y to ! tru/ w5t along ) x 9 its fir/ in/itution1 is easy to det]m9e2 & "o _c b see1 t he1 :o has once attempt$ any su* ?+ z ?is1 _c any long] be tru/$4 ,sect4 #bbc4 ,to ?is p]haps x w be said1 t ! p be+ ignorant1 & always discont5t$1 to lay ! f\ndation ( gov]nm5t 9 ! un/eady op9ion & unc]ta9 hum\r ( ! p1 is to expose x to c]ta9 ru92 & no gov]nm5t w be able long to subsi/1 if ! p may set up a new legislative1 :5ev] !y take (f5ce at ! old "o4 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 ,q ! contr>y4 ,p are n s easily got out ( _! old =ms1 z "s are apt to sugge/4 ,!y are h>dly to be prevail$ ) to am5d ! ackn[l$g$ faults 9 ! frame !y h be5 accu/om$ to4 ,& if !re be any orig9al defects1 or adv5titi\s ones introduc$ by "t1 or corruption2 x is n an easy ?+ to get !m *ang$1 ev5 :5 all ! _w sees !re is an opportunity = x4 ,?is sl[ness & av]sion 9 ! p to quit _! old con/itutions1 has1 9 ! _m revolutions :i* h be5 se5 9 ?is k+dom1 9 ?is & =m] ages1 /ill kept u to1 or1 aft] "s int]val ( fruitless attempts1 /ill br\ght u back aga9 to our old legislative ( k+1 lords & commons3 & :atev] provocations h made ! cr[n be tak5 f "s ( our pr9ces heads1 !y nev] c>ri$ ! p s f> z to place x 9 ano!r l9e4 ,sect4 #bbd4 ,b x w be said1 ?is hypo!sis lays a f]m5t = frequ5t rebellion4 ,to :i* ,i answ]1 ,fir/1 ,no m ?an any o!r hypo!sis3 = :5 ! p are made mis]able1 & f9d !mselves expos$ to ! ill usage ( arbitr>y p[]1 cry up _! gov]nors1 z mu* z y w1 = sons ( ,jupit]2 let !m be sacr$ & div9e1 desc5d$1 or au?oriz$ f heav52 give !m out = :om or :at y please1 ! same w happ54 ,! p g5]ally ill treat$1 & contr>y to "r1 w be ready ^u any occasion to ease !mselves ( a burd5 t sits heavy ^u !m4 ,!y w wi%1 & seek = ! opportunity1 :i* 9 ! *ange1 weakness & accid5ts ( human affairs1 seldom delays long to (f] itself4 ,he mu/ h liv$ b a little :ile 9 ! _w1 :o has n se5 examples ( ?is 9 8 "t2 & he mu/ h read v little1 :o _c produce examples ( x 9 all sorts ( gov]nm5ts 9 ! _w4 ,sect4 #bbe4 ,secondly1 ,i answ]1 su* revolutions happ5 n ^u e little mismanagem5t 9 public affairs4 ,great mi/akes 9 ! rul+ "p1 _m wrong & inconv5i5t laws1 & all ! slips ( human frailty1 w be born by ! p )\t mut9y or murmur4 ,b if a long tra9 ( abuses1 prev>ications & artifices1 all t5d+ ! same way1 make ! design visible to ! p1 & !y _c b feel :at !y lie "u1 & see :i!r !y are go+2 x is n to be wond]$1 t !y %\ld !n r\ze !mselves1 & endeav\r to put ! rule into su* h&s :i* may secure to !m ! ends = :i* gov]nm5t 0 at fir/ erect$2 & )\t :i*1 anci5t names1 & speci\s =ms1 are s f> f be+ bett]1 t !y are mu* worse1 ?an ! /ate ( nature1 or pure an>*y2 ! inconv5i5cies be+ all z great & z ne>1 b ! rem$y f>!r (f & m difficult4 ,sect4 #bbf4 ,?irdly1 ,i answ]1 t ?is doctr9e ( a p[] 9 ! p ( provid+ = _! safety a-new1 by a new legislative1 :5 _! legislators h act$ contr>y to _! tru/1 by invad+ _! prop]ty1 is ! be/ f5ce aga9/ rebellion1 & ! probable/ means to h9d] x3 = rebellion be+ an opposition1 n to p]sons1 b au?ority1 :i* is f\nd$ only 9 ! con/itutions & laws ( ! gov]nm5t2 ^?1 :oev] !y be1 :o by =ce break ?r\gh1 & by =ce ju/ify _! violation ( !m1 are truly & prop]ly rebels3 = :5 m51 by ent]+ into society & civil-gov]nm5t1 h exclud$ =ce1 & introduc$ laws = ! pres]vation ( prop]ty1 peace1 & unity among/ !mselves1 ^? :o set up =ce aga9 9 opposition to ! laws1 d rebell>e1 t is1 br+ back aga9 ! /ate ( w>1 & are prop]ly rebels3 :i* !y :o are 9 p[]1 7by ! pret5ce !y h to au?ority1 ! temptation ( =ce !y h 9 _! h&s1 & ! flatt]y ( ^? ab\t !m7 be+ likelie/ to d2 ! prop]e/ way to prev5t ! evil1 is to %ew !m ! dang] & inju/ice ( x1 :o are "u ! greate/ temptation to run into x4 ,sect4 #bbg4 ,9 bo? ! =e-m5tion$ cases1 :5 ei!r ! legislative is *ang$1 or ! legislators act contr>y to ! end = :i* !y 7 con/itut$2 ^? :o are guilty are guilty ( rebellion3 = if any "o by =ce takes away ! e/abli%$ legislative ( any society1 & ! laws by !m made1 pursuant to _! tru/1 he !reby takes away ! umpirage1 :i* e "o _h cons5t$ to1 = a peaceable decision ( all _! controv]sies1 & a b> to ! /ate ( w> among/ !m4 ,!y1 :o remove1 or *ange ! legislative1 take away ?is decisive p[]1 :i* no body c h1 b by ! appo9tm5t & cons5t ( ! p2 & s de/roy+ ! au?ority :i* ! p did1 & no body else c set up1 & introduc+ a p[] :i* ! p ha? n au?oriz$1 !y actually introduce a /ate ( w>1 :i* is t ( =ce )\t au?ority3 & ?us1 by remov+ ! legislative e/abli%$ by ! society1 79 ^: decisions ! p acquiesc$ & unit$1 z to t ( _! own w7 !y untie ! knot1 & expose ! p a-new to ! /ate ( w>1 ,& if ^?1 :o by =ce take away ! legislative1 are rebels1 ! legislators !mselves1 z has be5 %ewn1 c be no less e/eem$ s2 :5 !y1 :o 7 set up = ! protection1 & pres]vation ( ! p1 _! lib]ties & prop]ties1 %all by =ce invade & endeav\r to take !m away2 & s !y putt+ !mselves into a /ate ( w> ) ^? :o made !m ! protectors & gu>dians ( _! peace1 are prop]ly1 & ) ! greate/ aggravation1 rebellantes1 rebels4 ,sect4 #bbh4 ,b if !y1 :o say x lays a f\ndation = rebellion1 mean t x may occasion civil w>s1 or inte/9e broils1 to tell ! p !y are absolv$ f ob$i5ce :5 illegal attempts are made ^u _! lib]ties or prop]ties1 & may oppose ! unlawful viol5ce ( ^? :o 7 _! magi/rates1 :5 !y invade _! prop]ties contr>y to ! tru/ put 9 !m2 & t !re=e ?is doctr9e is n to be all[$1 be+ s de/ructive to ! peace ( ! _w3 !y may z well say1 ^u ! same gr\nd1 t hone/ m5 may n oppose robb]s or pirates1 because ?is may occasion disord] or blood%$4 ,if any mis*ief come 9 su* cases1 x is n to be *>g$ ^u him :o def5ds 8 own "r1 b on him t invades 8 neighb\rs4 ,if ! innoc5t hone/ man mu/ quietly quit all he has1 = peace sake1 to him :o w lay viol5t h&s ^u x1 ,i desire x may be consid]$1 :at a k9d ( peace !re w be 9 ! _w1 :i* consi/s only 9 viol5ce & rap9e2 & :i* is to be ma9ta9$ only = ! b5efit ( robb]s & oppressors4 ,:o w\ld n ?9k x an admirable peace betwix ! mighty & ! mean1 :5 ! lamb1 )\t resi/ance1 yield$ 8 ?roat to be torn by ! imp]i\s wolf8 ,polyphemus's d5 gives u a p]fect patt]n ( su* a peace1 & su* a gov]nm5t1 :]e9 ,ulysses & 8 companions _h no?+ to d1 b quietly to suff] !mselves to be dev\r$4 ,& no d\bt ,ulysses1 :o 0 a prud5t man1 prea*$ up passive ob$i5ce1 & exhort$ !m to a quiet submission1 by repres5t+ to !m ( :at conc]nm5t peace 0 to mank9d2 & by %ew+ ! inconv5i5ces might happ51 if !y %\ld (f] to resi/ ,polyphemus1 :o _h n[ ! p[] ov] !m4 ,sect4 #bbi4 ,! end ( gov]nm5t is ! good ( mank9d2 & :i* is be/ = mank9d1 t ! p %\ld be always expos$ to ! b\ndless w ( tyranny1 or t ! rul]s %\ld be sometimes liable to be oppos$1 :5 !y gr[ exorbitant 9 ! use ( _! p[]1 & employ x = ! de/ruction1 & n ! pres]vation ( ! prop]ties ( _! p8 ,sect4 #bcj4 ,nor let any "o say1 t mis*ief c arise f h5ce1 z (t5 z x %all please a busy head1 or turbul5t _s1 to desire ! alt]ation ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,x is true1 su* m5 may /ir1 :5ev] !y please2 b x w be only to _! own j ru9 & p]dition3 = till ! mis*ief be gr[n g5]al1 & ! ill designs ( ! rul]s become visible1 or _! attempts s5sible to ! great] "p1 ! p1 :o are m dispos$ to suff] ?an "r !mselves by resi/ance1 are n apt to /ir4 ,! examples ( p>ticul> inju/ice1 or oppression ( "h & !re an un=tunate man1 moves !m n4 ,b if !y univ]sally h a p]suation1 gr\nd$ ^u manife/ evid5ce1 t designs are c>ry+ on aga9/ _! lib]ties1 & ! g5]al c\rse & t5d5cy ( ?+s _c b give !m /rong suspicions ( ! evil int5tion ( _! gov]nors1 :o is to be blam$ = x8 ,:o c help x1 if !y1 :o might avoid x1 br+ !mselves into ?is suspicion8 ,are ! p to be blam$1 if !y h ! s5se ( rational creatures1 & c ?9k ( ?+s no o!rwise ?an z !y f9d & feel !m8 ,& is x n r _! fault1 :o put ?+s into su* a po/ure1 t !y w\ld n h !m ?\ght to be z !y are8 ,i grant1 t ! pride1 ambition1 & turbul5cy ( private m5 h sometimes caus$ great disord]s 9 commonweal?s1 & factions h be5 fatal to /ates & k+doms4 ,b :e!r ! mis*ief ha? (t5] begun 9 ! peoples wantonness1 & a desire to ca/ (f ! lawful au?ority ( _! rul]s1 or 9 ! rul]s insol5ce1 & endeav\rs to get & ex]cise an arbitr>y p[] ov] _! p2 :e!r oppression1 or disob$i5ce1 gave ! fir/ rise to ! disord]1 ,i leave x to imp>tial hi/ory to det]m9e4 ,?is ,i am sure1 :oev]1 ei!r rul] or subject1 by =ce goes ab\t to invade ! rights ( ei!r pr9ce or p1 & lays ! f\ndation = ov]turn+ ! con/itution & frame ( any j gov]nm5t1 is highly guilty ( ! greate/ crime1 ,i ?9k1 a man is capable (1 be+ to answ] = all ^? mis*iefs ( blood1 rap9e1 & desolation1 :i* ! break+ to pieces ( gov]nm5ts br+ on a c\ntry4 ,& he :o does x1 is ju/ly to be e/eem$ ! common enemy & pe/ ( mank9d1 & is to be treat$ accord+ly4 ,sect4 #bca4 ,t subjects or =eign]s1 attempt+ by =ce on ! prop]ties ( any p1 may be resi/$ ) =ce1 is agre$ on all h&s4 ,b t magi/rates1 do+ ! same ?+1 may be resi/$1 ha? ( late be5 d5i$3 z if ^? :o _h ! greate/ privileges & advantages by ! law1 _h !reby a p[] to break ^? laws1 by :i* alone !y 7 set 9 a bett] place ?an _! bre?r53 :]eas _! (f5ce is !reby ! great]1 bo? z be+ ungrateful = ! great] %>e !y h by ! law1 & break+ also t tru/1 :i* is put into _! h&s by _! bre?r54 ,sect4 #bcb4 ,:osoev] uses =ce )\t "r1 z e "o does 9 society1 :o does x )\t law1 puts himself into a /ate ( w> ) ^? aga9/ :om he s uses x2 & 9 t /ate all =m] ties are cancell$1 all o!r rights cease1 & e "o has a "r to def5d himself1 & to resi/ ! aggressor4 ,?is is s evid5t1 t ,b>clay himself1 t great ass]tor ( ! p[] & sacr$ness ( k+s1 is =c$ to confess1 ,t x is lawful = ! p1 9 "s cases1 to resi/ _! k+2 & t too 9 a *apt]1 :]e9 he pret5ds to %ew1 t ! div9e law %uts up ! p f all mann] ( rebellion4 ,:]eby x is evid5t1 ev5 by 8 own doctr9e1 t1 s9ce !y may 9 "s cases resi/1 all resi/+ ( pr9ces is n rebellion4 ,8 words are ^!4 ,quod siquis dicat1 ,ergone populus tyrannicae crudelitati furori jugulum semp] praebebit8 ,ergone multitude civitates suas fame1 f]ro1 flamma va/>i1 seque1 conjuges1 lib]os =tunae ludibrio tyranni libid9i exponi1 inque omnia vitae p]icula omnesque mis]ias mole/ias a rege d$uci pati5tur8 ,num illis quod omni animantium g5]i e/ a natura tributum1 d5eg>i debet1 ut sc4 vim vi repellant1 seseq2 ab injuria1 tueantur8 ,huic brevit] responsum sit1 ,populo univ]so neg>i def5sionem1 quae juris naturalis e/1 neque ultionem quae praet] naturam e/ adv]sus regem conc$i deb]e4 ,quapropt] si rex non 9 s+ul>es tantum p]sonas aliquot privatum odium ex]ceat1 s$ corpus etiam reipublicae1 cujus ipse caput e/1 i4e4 totum populum1 vel insignem aliquam ejus p>tem immani intol]&a saevitia seu tyrannide divexet2 populo1 quidem hoc casu resi/5di ac tu5di se ab injuria pote/as competit1 s$ tu5di se tantum1 non enim 9 pr9cipem invad5di3 re/itu5dae injuriae illatae1 non rec$5di a debita rev]5tia propt] acceptam injuriam4 ,praes5tem d5ique impetum propuls&i non vim praet]itam ulcisc5ti jus habet4 ,horum enim alt]um a natura e/1 ut vitam scilicet corpusque tueamur4 ,alt]um v]o contra naturam1 ut inf]ior de sup]iori supplicium sumat4 ,quod itaque populus malum1 antequam factum sit1 imp$ire pote/1 ne fiat1 id po/quam factum e/1 9 regem au?orem scel]is v9dic>e non pote/3 populus igitur hoc amplius quam privatus quispiam habet3 quod huic1 vel ipsis adv]s>iis judicibus1 excepto ,bu*anano1 nullum nisi 9 pati5tia rem$ium sup]e/4 ,cum ille si intol]abilis tyrannus e/ 7modicum enim f]re omn9o debet7 resi/]e cum rev]5tia possit1 ,b>clay contra ,mon>*om4 #a4 iii4 c4 #h4 ,9 ,engli% ?us3 ,sect4 #bcc4 ,b if any "o %\ld ask1 ,mu/ ! p !n always lay !mselves op5 to ! cruelty & rage ( tyranny8 ,mu/ !y see _! cities pillag$1 & laid 9 a%es1 _! wives & *ildr5 expos$ to ! tyrant's lu/ & fury1 & !mselves & families r$uc$ by _! k+ to ru91 & all ! mis]ies ( want & oppression1 & yet sit /ill8 ,mu/ m5 alone be deb>r$ ! common privilege ( oppos+ =ce ) =ce1 :i* nature all[s s freely to all o!r creatures = _! pres]vation f injury8 ,i answ]3 ,self-def5ce is a "p ( ! law ( nature2 nor c x be d5i$ ! community1 ev5 aga9/ ! k+ himself3 b to rev5ge !mselves ^u him1 mu/ by no means be all[$ !m2 x be+ n agreeable to t law4 ,:]e=e if ! k+ %all %ew an hatr$1 n only to "s p>ticul> p]sons1 b sets himself aga9/ ! body ( ! commonweal?1 :]e( he is ! head1 & %all1 ) intol]able ill usage1 cruelly tyrannize ov] ! :ole1 or a consid]able "p ( ! p1 9 ?is case ! p h a "r to resi/ & def5d !mselves f injury3 b x mu/ be ) ?is caution1 t !y only def5d !mselves1 b d n attack _! pr9ce3 !y may repair ! damages receiv$1 b mu/ n = any provocation exce$ ! b\nds ( due rev]5ce & respect4 ,!y may repulse ! pres5t attempt1 b mu/ n rev5ge pa/ viol5ces3 = x is natural = u to def5d life & limb1 b t an inf]ior %\ld puni% a sup]ior1 is aga9/ nature4 ,! mis*ief :i* is design$ !m1 ! p may prev5t be=e x be done2 b :5 x is done1 !y mu/ n rev5ge x on ! k+1 ?\gh au?or ( ! villany4 ,?is !re=e is ! privilege ( ! p 9 g5]al1 above :at any private p]son ha?2 t p>ticul> m5 are all[$ by our adv]s>ies !mselves 7,bu*anan only except$7 to h no o!r rem$y b pati5ce2 b ! body ( ! p may ) respect resi/ intol]able tyranny2 = :5 x is b mod]ate1 !y ought to endure x4 ,sect4 #bcd4 ,?us f> t great advocate ( mon>*ical p[] all[s ( resi/ance4 ,sect4 #bce4 ,x is true1 he has annex$ two limitations to x1 to no purpose3 ,fir/1 ,he says1 x mu/ be ) rev]5ce4 ,secondly1 ,x mu/ be )\t retribution1 or puni%m5t2 & ! reason he gives is1 because an inf]ior _c puni% a sup]ior4 ,fir/1 ,h[ to resi/ =ce )\t /rik+ aga91 or h[ to /rike ) rev]5ce1 w ne$ "s skill to make intelligible4 ,he t %all oppose an assault only ) a %ield to receive ! bl[s1 or 9 any m respectful po/ure1 )\t a sword 9 8 h&1 to abate ! confid5ce & =ce ( ! assailant1 w quickly be at an end ( 8 resi/ance1 & w f9d su* a def5ce s]ve only to draw on himself ! worse usage4 ,?is is z ridicul\s a way ( resi/+1 z juv5al ?\ght x ( fight+2 ubi tu pulsas1 ego vapulo tantum4 ,& ! success ( ! combat w be unavoidably ! same he !re describes x3 _/99#d -----,lib]tas paup]is haec e/3 ,pulsatus rogat1 et pugnis concisus1 adorat1 ,ut liceat paucis cum d5tibus inde rev]ti4 99_/ ,?is w always be ! ev5t ( su* an imag9>y resi/ance1 :]e m5 may n /rike aga94 ,he !re=e :o may resi/1 mu/ be all[$ to /rike4 ,& !n let our au?or1 or any body else1 jo9 a knock on ! head1 or a cut on ! face1 ) z mu* rev]5ce & respect z he ?9ks fit4 ,he t c reconcile bl[s & rev]5ce1 may1 = aught ,i "k1 desire = 8 pa9s1 a civil1 respectful cudgel+ :]e-ev] he c meet ) x4 ,secondly1 ,z to 8 second1 ,an inf]ior _c puni% a sup]ior2 t is true1 g5]ally speak+1 :il/ he is 8 sup]ior4 ,b to resi/ =ce ) =ce1 be+ ! /ate ( w> t levels ! p>ties1 cancels all =m] relation ( rev]5ce1 respect1 & sup]iority3 & !n ! odds t rema9s1 is1 t he1 :o opposes ! unju/ agressor1 has ?is sup]iority ov] him1 t he has a "r1 :5 he prevails1 to puni% ! (f5d]1 bo? = ! brea* ( ! peace1 & all ! evils t foll[$ ^u x4 ,b>clay !re=e1 9 ano!r place1 m coh]5tly to himself1 d5ies x to be lawful to resi/ a k+ 9 any case4 ,b he !re assigns two cases1 :]eby a k+ may un-k+ himself4 ,8 words are1 ,quid ergo1 null9e casus incid]e possunt quibus populo sese erig]e atque 9 regem impot5tius dom9antem arma cap]e invad]e jure suo suaque au?oritate liceat8 ,nulli c]te quamdiu rex manet4 ,semp] enim ex div9is id ob/at1 ,regem honorificato2 qui pote/ati resi/it1 ,dei ord9ationi resisit3 non alias igitur 9 eum populo pote/as e/ quam si id committat propt] quod ipso jure rex esse des9at4 ,tunc enim se ipse pr9cipatu exuit atque 9 privatis con/ituit lib]3 hoc modo populus sup]ior efficitur1 rev]so ad eum sc4 jure illo quod ante regem inauguratum 9 int]regno habuit4 ,at sunt paucorum g5]um commissa ejusmodi quae hunc effectum p>iunt4 ,at ego cum plurima animo p]lu/rem1 duo tantum inv5io1 duos1 inquam1 casus quibus rex ipso facto ex rege non regem se facit omni honore dignitate regali atque 9 subditos pote/ate de/ituit2 quorum etiam mem9it ,w9z]us4 ,horum unus e/1 ,si regnum disp]dat1 quemadmodum de ,n]one f]tur1 quod is nempe s5atum populumque ,romanum1 atque adeo urbem ipsam f]ro flammaque va/>e1 ac novas sibi s$es qua]]e decrevisset4 ,et de ,caligula1 quod palam d5unci>it se neque civem neque pr9cipem s5atui amplius =e1 inque animo habu]it int]empto utriusque ord9is electissimo quoque ,alex&riam commigr>e1 ac ut populum uno ictu int]im]et1 unam ei c]vicem optavit4 ,talia cum rex aliquis m$itator molitur s]io1 omnem regn&i curam animum ilico abjicit1 ac pro9de imp]ium 9 subditos amittit1 ut dom9us s]vi pro d]elicto habiti dom9ium4 ,sect4 #bcf4 ,alt] casus e/1 ,si rex 9 alicujus cli5telam se contulit1 ac regnum quod lib]um a majoribus populo traditum accepit1 ali5ae ditioni mancipavit4 ,nam tunc quamvis =te non ea m5te id agit populo plane ut incommodet3 tam5 quia quod praecipuum e/ regiae dignitatis amifit1 ut summus scilicet 9 regno secundum ,deum sit1 solo ,deo inf]ior1 atque populum etiam totum ignorantem vel invitum1 cujus lib]tatem s>tam tectam cons]v>e debuit1 9 alt]ius g5tis ditionem pote/atem d$idit2 hac velut quadam regni ab ali5atione effecit1 ut nec quod ipse 9 regno imp]ium habuit ret9eat1 nec 9 eum cui collatum voluit1 juris quicquam transf]at2 atque ita eo facto lib]um jam suae pote/atis populum rel9quit1 cujus rei exemplum unum annales ,scotici supp$itant4 ,b>clay contra ,mon>*om4 #a4 iii4 c4 #af4 ,:i* 9 ,engli% runs ?us3 ,sect4 #bcg4 ,:at !n1 c !re no case happ5 :]e9 ! p may ( "r1 & by _! own au?ority1 help !mselves1 take arms1 & set ^u _! k+1 imp]i\sly dom9e]+ ov] !m8 ,none at all1 :il/ he rema9s a k+4 ,hon\r ! k+1 & he t resi/s ! p[]1 resi/s ! ord9ance ( ,god2 are div9e oracles t w nev] p]mit x1 ,! p !re=e c nev] come by a p[] ov] him1 unless he does some?+ t makes him cease to be a k+3 = !n he dive/s himself ( 8 cr[n & dignity1 & returns to ! /ate ( a private man1 & ! p become free & sup]ior1 ! p[] :i* !y _h 9 ! int]regnum1 be=e !y cr[n$ him k+1 devolv+ to !m aga94 ,b !re are b few misc>riages :i* br+ ! matt] to ?is /ate4 ,aft] consid]+ x well on all sides1 ,i c f9d b two4 ,two cases !re are1 ,i say1 :]eby a k+1 ipso facto1 becomes no k+1 & loses all p[] & regal au?ority ov] 8 p2 :i* are also tak5 notice ( by ,w9z]us4 ,! fir/ is1 ,if he endeav\r to ov]turn ! gov]nm5t1 t is1 if he h a purpose & design to ru9 ! k+dom & commonweal?1 z x is record$ ( ,n]o1 t he resolv$ to cut (f ! s5ate & p ( ,rome1 lay ! city wa/e ) fire & sword1 & !n remove to "s o!r place4 ,& ( ,caligula1 t he op5ly decl>$1 t he w\ld be no long] a head to ! p or s5ate1 & t he _h x 9 8 ?\ghts to cut (f ! wor?ie/ m5 ( bo? ranks1 & !n retire to ,alex&ria3 & he wi%t t ! p _h b "o neck1 t he might dispat* !m all at a bl[1 ,su* designs z ^!1 :5 any k+ h>b\rs 9 8 ?\ghts1 & s]i\sly promotes1 he imm$iately gives up all c>e & ?\ght ( ! commonweal?2 & consequ5tly =feits ! p[] ( gov]n+ 8 subjects1 z a ma/] does ! dom9ion ov] 8 slaves :om he ha? ab&on$4 ,sect4 #bch4 ,! o!r case is1 ,:5 a k+ makes himself ! dep5d5t ( ano!r1 & subjects 8 k+dom :i* 8 ance/ors left him1 & ! p put free into 8 h&s1 to ! dom9ion ( ano!r3 = h[ev] p]haps x may n be 8 int5tion to prejudice ! p2 yet because he has h]eby lo/ ! pr9cipal "p ( regal dignity1 viz4 to be next & imm$iately "u ,god1 supreme 9 8 k+dom2 & also because he betray$ or =c$ 8 p1 ^: lib]ty he ought to h c>efully pres]v$1 into ! p[] & dom9ion ( a =eign nation4 ,by ?is1 z x 71 ali5ation ( 8 k+dom1 he himself loses ! p[] he _h 9 x be=e1 )\t transf]r+ any ! lea/ "r to ^? on :om he w\ld h be/[$ x2 & s by ?is act sets ! p free1 & leaves !m at _! own disposal4 ,"o example ( ?is is to be f\nd 9 ! ,scot* ,annals4 ,sect4 #bci4 ,9 ^! cases ,b>clay1 ! great *ampion ( absolute mon>*y1 is =c$ to all[1 t a k+ may be resi/$1 & ceases to be a k+4 ,t is1 9 %ort1 n to multiply cases1 9 :atsoev] he has no au?ority1 !re he is no k+1 & may be resi/$3 = :]esoev] ! au?ority ceases1 ! k+ ceases too1 & becomes l o!r m5 :o h no au?ority4 ,& ^! two cases he in/ances 91 diff] little f ^? above m5tion$1 to be de/ructive to gov]nm5ts1 only t he has omitt$ ! pr9ciple f :i* 8 doctr9e fl[s3 & t is1 ! brea* ( tru/1 9 n pres]v+ ! =m ( gov]nm5t agre$ on1 & 9 n int5d+ ! end ( gov]nm5t itself1 :i* is ! public good & pres]vation ( prop]ty4 ,:5 a k+ has de?ron$ himself1 & put himself 9 a /ate ( w> ) 8 p1 :at %all h9d] !m f prosecut+ him :o is no k+1 z !y w\ld any o!r man1 :o has put himself into a /ate ( w> ) !m1 ,b>clay1 & ^? ( 8 op9ion1 w\ld d well to tell u4 ,?is f>!r ,i desire may be tak5 notice ( out ( ,b>clay1 t he says1 ,! mis*ief t is design$ !m1 ! p may prev5t be=e x be done3 :]eby he all[s resi/ance :5 tyranny is b 9 design4 ,su* designs z ^! 7says he7 :5 any k+ h>b\rs 9 8 ?\ghts & s]i\sly promotes1 he imm$iately gives up all c>e & ?\ght ( ! commonweal?2 s t1 accord+ to him1 ! neglect ( ! public good is to be tak5 z an evid5ce ( su* design1 or at lea/ = a suffici5t cause ( resi/ance4 ,& ! reason ( all1 he gives 9 ^! words1 ,because he betray$ or =c$ 8 p1 ^: lib]ty he ought c>efully to h pres]v$4 ,:at he adds1 into ! p[] & dom9ion ( a =eign nation1 signifies no?+1 ! fault & =feiture ly+ 9 ! loss ( _! lib]ty1 :i* he ought to h pres]v$1 & n 9 any di/9ction ( ! p]sons to ^: dom9ion !y 7 subject$4 ,! peoples "r is equally invad$1 & _! lib]ty lo/1 :e!r !y are made slaves to any ( _! own1 or a =eign nation2 & 9 ?is lies ! injury1 & aga9/ ?is only h !y ! "r ( def5ce4 ,& !re are in/ances to be f\nd 9 all c\ntries1 :i* %ew1 t x is n ! *ange ( nations 9 ! p]sons ( _! gov]nors1 b ! *ange ( gov]nm5t1 t gives ! (f5ce4 ,bilson1 a bi%op ( our *ur*1 & a great /ickl] = ! p[] & pr]ogative ( pr9ces1 does1 if ,i mi/ake n1 9 8 treatise ( ,*ri/ian subjection1 ackn[l$ge1 t pr9ces may =feit _! p[]1 & _! title to ! ob$i5ce ( _! subjects2 & if !re ne$$ au?ority 9 a case :]e reason is s pla91 ,i c\ld s5d my read] to ,bracton1 ,=tescue1 & ! au?or ( ! ,mirr\r1 & o!rs1 writ]s t _c be suspect$ to be ignorant ( our gov]nm5t1 or enemies to x4 ,b ,i ?\ght ,hook] alone might be en\gh to satisfy ^? m51 :o rely+ on him = _! ecclesia/ical polity1 are by a /range fate c>ri$ to d5y ^? pr9ciples ^u :i* he builds x4 ,:e!r !y are h]e9 made ! tools ( cunn+] workm51 to pull d[n _! own fabric1 !y 7 be/ look4 ,?is ,i am sure1 _! civil policy is s new1 s dang]\s1 & s de/ructive to bo? rul]s & p1 t z =m] ages nev] c\ld be> ! broa*+ ( x2 s x may be hop$1 ^? to come1 r$eem$ f ! impositions ( ^! ,egyptian "u-task-ma/]s1 w abhor ! memory ( su* s]vile flatt]]s1 :o1 :il/ x seem$ to s]ve _! turn1 resolv$ all gov]nm5t into absolute tyranny1 & w\ld h all m5 born to1 :at _! mean s\ls fitt$ !m =1 slav]y4 ,sect4 #bdj4 ,"h1 x is l1 ! common "q w be made1 ,:o %all be judge1 :e!r ! pr9ce or legislative act contr>y to _! tru/8 ,?is1 p]haps1 ill-affect$ & facti\s m5 may spread among/ ! p1 :5 ! pr9ce only makes use ( 8 due pr]ogative4 ,to ?is ,i reply1 ,! p %all be judge2 = :o %all be judge :e!r 8 tru/ee or deputy acts well1 & accord+ to ! tru/ repos$ 9 him1 b he :o deputes him1 & mu/1 by hav+ deput$ him1 h /ill a p[] to disc>d him1 :5 he fails 9 8 tru/8 ,if ?is be reasonable 9 p>ticul> cases ( private m51 :y %\ld x be o!rwise 9 t ( ! greate/ mom5t1 :]e ! welf>e ( millions is conc]n$1 & also :]e ! evil1 if n prev5t$1 is great]1 & ! r$ress v difficult1 de>1 & dang]\s8 ,sect4 #bda4 ,b f>!r1 ?is "q1 7,:o %all be judge87 _c mean1 t !re is no judge at all3 = :]e !re is no judicature on e>?1 to decide controv]sies among/ m51 ,god 9 heav5 is judge4 ,he alone1 x is true1 is judge ( ! "r4 ,b e man is judge = himself1 z 9 all o!r cases1 s 9 ?is1 :e!r ano!r ha? put himself into a /ate ( w> ) him1 & :e!r he %\ld appeal to ! ,supreme ,judge1 z ,jep?a did4 ,sect4 #bdb4 ,if a controv]sy arise betwixt a pr9ce & "s ( ! p1 9 a matt] :]e ! law is sil5t1 or d\btful1 & ! ?+ be ( great consequ5ce1 ,i %\ld ?9k ! prop] umpire1 9 su* a case1 %\ld be ! body ( ! p3 = 9 cases :]e ! pr9ce ha? a tru/ repos$ 9 him1 & is disp5s$ f ! common ord9>y rules ( ! law2 !re1 if any m5 f9d !mselves aggriev$1 & ?9k ! pr9ce acts contr>y to1 or beyond t tru/1 :o s prop] to judge z ! body ( ! p1 7:o1 at fir/1 lodg$ t tru/ 9 him7 h[ f> !y meant x %\ld ext5d8 ,b if ! pr9ce1 or :oev] !y be 9 ! adm9i/ration1 decl9e t way ( det]m9ation1 ! appeal !n lies no :]e b to heav52 =ce betwe5 ei!r p]sons1 :o h no kn[n sup]ior on e>?1 or :i* p]mits no appeal to a judge on e>?1 be+ prop]ly a /ate ( w>1 :]e9 ! appeal lies only to heav52 & 9 t /ate ! injur$ p>ty mu/ judge = himself1 :5 he w ?9k fit to make use ( t appeal1 & put himself ^u x4 ,sect4 #bdc4 ,to conclude1 ,! p[] t e individual gave ! society1 :5 he ent]$ into x1 c nev] rev]t to ! individuals aga91 z long z ! society la/s1 b w always rema9 9 ! community2 because )\t ?is !re c be no community1 no commonweal?1 :i* is contr>y to ! orig9al agreem5t3 s also :5 ! society ha? plac$ ! legislative 9 any assembly ( m51 to cont9ue 9 !m & _! successors1 ) direction & au?ority = provid+ su* successors1 ! legislative c nev] rev]t to ! p :il/ t gov]nm5t la/s2 because hav+ provid$ a legislative ) p[] to cont9ue = ev]1 !y h giv5 up _! political p[] to ! legislative1 & _c resume x4 ,b if !y h set limits to ! duration ( _! legislative1 & made ?is supreme p[] 9 any p]son1 or assembly1 only tempor>y2 or else1 :5 by ! misc>riages ( ^? 9 au?ority1 x is =feit$2 ^u ! =feiture1 or at ! det]m9ation ( ! "t set1 x rev]ts to ! society1 & ! p h a "r to act z supreme1 & cont9ue ! legislative 9 !mselves2 or erect a new =m1 or "u ! old =m place x 9 new h&s1 z !y ?9k good4 ,,f9is4