,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,"s m9or *anges to ! text are not$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,,! ,,model ,,village ,,& ,,its ,,cottages3 ,,b\rnville4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4 ,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages ,,b\rnville4 ,,! ,,model ,,village ,,& ,,its ,,cottages3 ,,b\rnville ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,fifty-,,sev5 ,,plates ,,( ,,plans1 ,,views1 ,,& ,,details ,,by ,w4 ,,alex&] ,,h>vey ,ar*itect4 ,,london ,b4 ,t4 ,,bats=d1 #id1 ,,high ,,holborn ,,new ,,york3 ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons #aijf ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,mr4 ,,mrs4 ,,george ,,cadbury4 ,,preface4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #aijd1 ,i 0 invit$ to read a pap] on ! subject ( ,cottage ,homes be=e ! ,london ,ar*itectural ,association1 :5 ,i took z ! basis ( my rem>ks ! "w execut$ f my designs at ! ,b\rnville ,village4 ,9 adapt+ myself to ! limits ( su* a pap]1 ,i f\nd t1 :ile mu* :i* 0 treat$ suff]$ consid]ably ?r\gh inevitable compression1 a great deal t ,i wi%$ also to include _h to be omitt$4 ,?is sugge/$ to me ! idea1 n[ realis$ 9 book =m1 ( treat+ ! subject m compreh5sively1 giv+ plans & views ( actual examples ( cottages1 ) measurem5ts & co/s1 & amplify+ & add+ to my =m] notes & obs]vations4 ,ev5 ) ! l>g] scope ( a book1 x is /ill felt t mu* has be5 left undone & unsaid1 & x is frankly admitt$ t "o man deal+ ) 8 own "w c sc>cely pret5d to d full ju/ice to ! broad subject "u notice2 nev]!less1 x is hop$ t ! plans & views ( ,b\rnville cottages1 accompani$ by descriptions & notes1 may at lea/ prove ( value z sugge/ions = ^? int]e/$ 9 a matt] n[ claim+ v wide att5tion--t ( ! build+ ( cottages :i* may fitly be call$ homes4 ,i am indebt$ to ! ,b\rnville ,village ,tru/ = _! c\rtesy 9 all[+ me to publi% plans & p>ticul>s ( ! ,e/ate cottages1 z well z to ! private own]s ( ! few o!r cottages dealt ) 9 ^! pages4 ,i mu/ also ackn[l$ge my indebt$ness to ,mr4 ,t4 ,b4 ,rog]s = 8 valuable assi/ance 9 ! production ( ! book4 ,w4 ,,alex&] ,,h>vey4 #e1 ,,b5nett',s ,,hill1 ,,birm+ham4 ,decemb]1 #aije4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,introduction4--,! h\s+ problem ( ! future--! artisan-suburb4 ,rem$ies already sugge/$--municipalisation1 etc4 ,exp]im5ts4 ,! ,home3 its necessities & requirem5ts--environm5t--fre% air--! g>d5--,beauty4 ,! revival 9 dome/ic ar*itecture & its application to cottage build+4 ,g5]al #a ,,! ,,b\rnville ,,village4--,its orig9 & its f\nd]'s motive4 ,! ,b\rnville ,village ,tru/4 ,fir/ & subsequ5t projects4 ,a ,national s*eme4 ,r5ts4 ,inhabitants4 ,build+s4 ,op5 spaces1 etc4 ,! village s*ools4 ,b\rnville's claims #i ,,cottages ,,at #ace1 ,,) ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,economic ,,build+ ,,( ,,small ,,cottages4 ,simplicity & regul>ity ( plann+4 ,arrangem5t ( outbuild+s4 ,height ( rooms4 ,ornam5t4 ,! true te/ ( economy4 ,f\ndations4 ,/ock articles4 ,g5]al #af ,,! ,,lay+ ,,out ,,( ,,g>d5s4--,a ,b\rnville g>d54 ,pa?s4 ,b$d+4 ,fl[]s4 ,fruit trees1 etc4 #bc ,,blocks1 ,,pairs ,,s+le ,,cottages4--,examples ( ,b\rnville cottages1 ) description1 accommodation1 mat]ials1 etc4 ,v>iations ( ! same plan4 ,! long slop+ ro(1 ! l>ge liv+ room1 & o!r features #be ,,g5]al ,,notes4--,! ba?--! sunk ba?--! 8,cab9et0 ba?--,cornes' ba?4 ,! +le nook4 ,*imneys4 ,w9d[s--casem5t & sa%4 ,bricks4 ,ro( cov]+4 ,wall spaces--r\gh-ca/--:itewa%--half-timb]1 etc4 #ea ,,! ,,lay+ ,,out ,,( ,a ,,model ,,village4--,reg>d ( physical features4 ,advisory ar*itect4 ,! selection ( c5tres4 ,roads4 ,/reet elevations4 ,s]vice ( natural advantages4 ,%opp+4 ,factories4 ,plots ( h\ses4 ,g>d5s4 #fa ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4 ,,note4--,,:]e ,,sev]al ,,plates ,,foll[ ,,ea* ,,o!r1 ,,! ,,page ,,:i* ,,! ,,fir/ ,,faces ,,is ,,repeat$ ,,= ,,ea* ,,9 ,,?is ,,li/4 ,,plate ,,page ,i4--7,,frontispiece47 ,,f\r ,,cottages1 ,,?orn ,,road ,,ii4--,,! ,,triangle #i ,,iii4--,,%ops1 ,,m>y ,,vale ,,road #aj ,,iv4--,,l9d5 ,,road #aj ,v4--,,! ,,old ,,f>m ,,inn #aj ,,vi4--,,sycamore ,,road #ab ,,vii4--,,! ,,s*ools 7,,p]spective ,,sket*7 #ab ,,viii4--,,c>v$ ,,/one ,,panels1 ,,! ,,s*ools #ab ,,ix4--,,rusk9 ,,hall #ad ,x4--,,b\rnville ,,meet+ ,,h\se #ad ,,xi4--,,b\rnville ,,meet+ ,,h\se 7,,int]ior7 #ad ,,xii4--,,cottages ,,9 ,,blocks ,,( ,,eight 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #af ,,xiii4--,,cottages ,,9 ,,blocks ,,( ,,eight 7,,p]spective ,,sket*7 #af ,,xiv4--,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #be ,,xv4--,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages 7,,view7 #bf ,,xvi4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #bh ,,xvii4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,view7 #bh ,,xviii4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #bh ,,xix4--,,?ree ,,pairs ,,( ,,cottages 7,,view7 #bh ,,xx4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #cj ,,xxi4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,view7 #cb ,,xxii4--,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages 7,,view7 #cb ,,xxiii4--,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages 7,,view7 #cb ,,xxiv4--,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages 7,,view7 #cb ,,xxv4--,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages 7,,view7 #cb ,,xxvi4--,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages 7,,detail ,,view7 #cb ,,xxvii4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #cc ,,xxviii4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #cd ,,xxix4--,,block ,,( ,,?ree ,,cottages 7,,plan7 #cf ,,xxx4--,,block ,,( ,,?ree ,,cottages 7,,p]spective ,,sket*7 #cf ,,xxxi4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages3 ,,%all[ ,,site 7,,view7 #ch ,,xxxii4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,view7 #ch ,,xxxiii4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,view7 #ch ,,xxxiv4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #dj ,,xxxv4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,view7 #dj ,,xxxvi4--,,s+le ,,cottage 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #db ,,xxxvii4--,,s+le ,,cottage 7,,view7 #db ,,xxxviii4--,,s+le ,,cottage 7,,view7 #db ,,xxxix4--,,s+le ,,cottage 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #dd ,,xl4--,,s+le ,,cottage 7,,view7 #dd ,,xli4--,,/aircase ,,( ,,s+le ,,cottage #dd ,,xlii4--,,d9+ ,,room ,,( ,,s+le ,,cottage #dd ,,xliii4--,,s+le ,,cottage 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #df ,,xliv4--,,s+le ,,cottage 7,,view7 #df ,,xlv4--,,pair ,,( ,,?ree-,,/orey ,,cottages 7,,gr\nd ,,& ,,b$room ,,plan7 #dh ,,xlvi4--,,pair ,,( ,,?ree-,,/orey ,,cottages 7,,elevation ,,& ,,attic ,,plan7 #dh ,,xlvii4--,,pair ,,( ,,?ree-,,/orey ,,cottages 7,,view7 #dh ,,xlviii4--,,pair ,,( ,,?ree-,,/orey ,,cottages 7,,view7 #dh ,,xlix4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,plan ,,& ,,elevation7 #ej ,l4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,view7 #ej ,,li4--,,cottage ,,+le #ej ,,lii4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,detail ,,view7 #ej ,,liii4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,view7 #ej ,,liv4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,view ,,( ,,back7 #ej ,,lv4--,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,por*7 #ej ,,lvi4--,,s+le ,,cottage 7,,view7 #ej ,,lvii4--,,s+le ,,cottage 7,,por*7 #ej ,,o!r ,,illu/rations4 ,,g>d5 ,,plan #bc ,,block ,,( ,,?ree ,,cottages 7,,elevation7 #bg ,,block ,,( ,,?ree ,,cottages 7,,elevation7 #ce ,,! 8,,cab9et0 ,,ba? #ea ,,cornes' ,,pat5t ,,ba? #eb ,,small ,,cottage ,,+le 7,,elevation ,,& ,,plan7 #ed ,,! ,,model ,,village3 ,,b\rnville ,,introduction4 ,9 introduc+ ! pres5t "w on 8,! ,model ,village & its ,cottages10 x w\ld be c]ta9ly out ( place to discuss ! h\s+ problem2 !re is1 nev]!less1 an aspect ( ?is "q to :i* ! att5tion ( ! read] %\ld be briefly direct$4 ,! h\s+ problem is no long] "o 9 :i* ! poor 9 ! conge/$ di/ricts ( great t[ns are alone conc]n$4 ,a f> l>g] section ( ! p is affect$1--a section :i* includes n only ! lab\r+ class1 b also ! skill$ artisan1 & ev5 a class ( ! p /ill m prosp]\s4 ,9 ! light ( pres5t sanit>y & hygi5ic k x is at la/ recognis$ t ! h\s+ conditions ( ! pa/ w n suffice = ! future4 ,! difficulties besett+ re=m are necess>ily v great1 yet ) ! movem5t n[ afoot--n only 9 ?is c\ntry1 b also on ! ,cont95t & 9 ,am]ica--x is n unreasonable to expect t be=e long important *anges w take place4 ,n[ t politicians & economi/s1 z well z sanit>ians1 are id5tify+ !mselves ) ! movem5t1 x is cle> t if x is to result 9 la/+ good1 ! att5tion ( ! build]s ( ^! new homes = ! p mu/ also be engag$2 & ! field t ?us pres5ts itself to ! ef=ts ( ! ar*itect is a l>ge "o4 ,no bett] te/imony to ?is ne$ c be af=d$ ?an by ! typical latt]-day artisan-suburb1 & x is inde$ 9 ?is v suburb t ! h\s+ problem confronts u 9 :at ?reat5s to be 9 ! future "o ( its wor/ aspects4 ,desolate r[ ^u r[ ( ugly & cramp$ villas1 ev] multiply+ to meet ! dem&s ( a quickly increas+ population1 :]e no op5 spaces are res]v$1 :]e trees & o!r natural beauties are sacrific$ to ! desire to cr[d ^u ! l& z _m dwell+s z possible1 & :]e g>d5s _c be said to exi/--su* are ! suburbs :i* ?reat5 to engulf our cities4 ,t !y d n adequately meet ! ne$s ( ! p is beyond all "q4 ,! rem$y mo/ frequ5tly sugge/$ is t ! p %\ld !mselves und]take & develop h\s+ s*emes collectively ?r\gh ! municipalities4 ,x is po9t$ out t1 if no?+ is done1 ! municipalities w be=e long h a slum problem on ! outskirts ( ! t[n to deal )1 & x is urg$ t !y %\ld h great] p[] ov] ! developm5t ( l& 9 ! extra-urban di/ricts4 ,x is recomm5d$1 aga91 t ! au?orities %\ld ex]cise ! p[]s !y already possess4 ,! ,int]-,dep>tm5tal ,committee on ,physical ,det]ioration1 9 _! ,report to ! ,gov]nm5t ( #aijd1 insi/$ mo/ /rongly1 x w be rememb]$1 on ! necessity = prev5t+ ! creation ( ^! new slums4 8,! local au?orities 9 contigu\s areas :i* are 9 process ( urbanisation10 x decl>es1 8%\ld co-op]ate ) a view to secur+ prop] build+ regulations1 9 fur!rance ( :i* end ! mak+ ( build+ bye-laws1 to be approv$ by ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d1 %\ld be made compulsory on bo? urban & rural au?orities2 att5tion %\ld also be giv5 to ! pres]vation ( op5 spaces1 ) abundance ( light & air4 ,by ! use ( judici\s =esight & prud5ce ! gr[? ( squalid slums may be arre/$1 & di/ricts :i* h]eaft] become urbanis$ may h at lea/ "s ( ! attributes ( an ideal g>d5 city40 ,9 ! case ( municipalities und]tak+ ! developm5t ( l&1 emphasis %\ld be laid ^u ! advisability ( secur+ ! s]vices ( exp]ts bo? = ! lay+ out ( ! l& & = ! design+ ( ! h\ses1 & 9 ord] to obta9 v>iety 9 ! latt] x is recomm5d$ t ! designs %\ld be ! "w ( sev]al ar*itects4 ,at pres5t1 z is well kn[n1 ! r[s ( h\ses 9 :at has be5 call$ ! artisan-suburb are usually ! "w ( ! speculat+ build]1 :o buys l& at a *eap rate & builds to create gr\nd r5ts1 (t5 sell+ ! h\ses at a b>e pr(it1 or ev5 "u co/4 ,z ! ma9t5ance ( ! prop]ty does n fall ^u himself1 x is n surpris+ t ! class ( build+ erect$ %\ld be t g5]ally kn[n z 8j]ry-built40 ,ap>t f ^! & o!r s*emes sugge/$ is ! "w ( ! ,g>d5 ,city ,association 9 _! exp]im5t at ,hit*91 & also ! exp]im5ts at ,port ,sunlight1 ,b\rnville1 & else:]e1 :i* h all giv5 su* a practical impetus to ! movem5t4 ,an enc\rag+ sign ( ! times1 too1 is ! comm5dable ef=t ( ! ,tru/ees ( ,eton ,college1 :o1 to prev5t ! developm5t ( ! typical artisan-suburb on _! ext5sive l& at ,hamp/ead1 h =m$ a ,tru/ to buy #bdj acres = build+ purposes1 ! division ( ! l& & ! plans ( ! h\ses be+ requir$ to meet c]ta9 specifi$ conditions4 ,9 _m suburbs1 ow+ to ! few h\ses ( high r5tal1 ! rates are extremely high1 & a heavy p]c5tage is absorb$ by ! s*ools4 ,"o ( ! objects ( ! ,g>d5 ,suburb1 z x is call$1 is ! amalgamation ( all classes 9 ! same di/rict1 ! artisan & ! well-to-d liv+ 9 reasonable proximity to "o ano!r4 ,) ! abolition ( ! unsightly r[ ! /hetic objection at lea/ to su* an arrangem5t is remov$1 = 9 ! int]e/+ disposition ( h\ses ( v>y+ sizes lies "o ( ! secrets ( beautiful village build+1 z is te/ifi$ 9 s _m well kn[n old villages4 ,9 ! new suburb x is hop$ to provide cottages = workpeople ) g>d5s ( "o t5? ( an acre4 ,b :e!r l& is develop$ privately or by public bodies1 x is ess5tial1 9 ord] to secure real re=m1 t ! ne$s1 dome/ic & social1 ( ! p = :om ! h\ses are provid$ %\ld be intimately und]/ood4 ,:at w h to be provid$ are homes1 & x %\ld be cle>ly recognis$ :at con/itutes ! home dem&$ by ! l>ge section ( ! community :i* ! problem affects4 ,at ! outset x may be not$ t = half ! ye> ! occupants ( ^! homes sp5d ! h\rs ( recreation out ( doors1 also t mo/ ( !m pref] t opportunities = su* recreation %\ld be _h )9 easy rea* ( ! home itself4 ,?\gh ! public-h\ses & ! num]\s artificial pleasures provid$ 9 t[ns are s\ght by s _m1 ! p]si/5ce ( ^? :o /ill cultivate ! contract$ & ill-fav\r$ g>d5 /rip sugge/s a ne$ ( ! greate/ importance4 ,?is p]si/5ce1 moreov]1 does n1 x w be f\nd1 indicate a desire = ex]cise & fre% air alone1 b a love = famili> surr\nd+s4 ,among ! l[e/ class ?is in/9ct may /ill be obs]v$1 & 9 c\rt t5em5ts x w be f\nd t ! door/ep takes ! place ( ! g>d5 /rip4 ,! fact is t ! ,engli%man's h\se is 8 ca/le1 & ?\gh 8 ca/le be depriv$ ( its 8gr\nds10 ! home in/9ct1 s deeply root$ 9 ! ,engli% "*1 w n be d5i$4 ,:e!r 9 ! future ?is in/9ct %\ld be fo/]$1 or blunt$ z 9 ! pa/1 is a matt] ( elem5t>y sociology4 ,! inf]5ce1 !n1 w be t ! accommodation ( ! h\se is n ! only matt] ) :i* we h to conc]n ourselves1 b t ! close/ att5tion %\ld also be devot$ to ! environm5t4 ,besides ! provision ( an ample g>d51 ! environm5t itself mu/ be heal?y & pleasant4 ,! influ5ce ( surr\nd+s 9 exalt+ or depress+ ! m9d1 & ?us affect+ ! life1 is a matt] n only = ! !ori/1 b = ! ar*itect4 ,) ! provision ( a g>d51 ! t5ant himself may add to ! beauty ( 8 home1 & at ! same "t enjoy fre% air & recreation4 ,! cultivation ( ! soil is c]ta9ly ! be/ antidote to ! s$5t>y occupations ( ^? work+ 9 l>ge t[ns4 ,a primitive in/9ct is indulg$1 ! full value ( :i* seems h>dly yet to h be5 realis$4 ,_m believe1 inde$1 t ) its enc\ragem5t ! abuse ( ! social club & public-h\se w be mat]ially less5$1 & "o ( ! greate/ social evils ( ! "t disappe>4 7,! exp]i5ce ( ,b\rnville c]ta9ly gives support to ?is conclusion1 = ne>ly e h\sehold] !re sp5ds 8 leisure 9 g>d5+1 & !re is n a s+le lic5s$-h\se 9 ! village47 ,) reg>d to ! h\se itself1 s f> z x contributes to a pleasant environm5t1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t ar*itectural beauty is n dep5d5t ^u ! ornam5t introduc$2 on ! contr>y1 ! use ( ! latt] r t5ds to deprive ! dwell+ ( its homel9ess1 & ( ?is tru? ! j]ry-built h\se1 ) its scroll-cut l9tel & m\ld$ brick /r+-c\rse1 af=ds only too frequ5t an illu/ration4 ,! s\l ( beauty is h>mony1 :i* may co-exi/ ) ! v]ie/ simplicity2 & x is 9 ! h>moni\s treatm5t ( p>ts1 & n 9 useless & sometimes co/ly decoration1 t a dwell+ ga9s t homely appe>ance :i* x %\ld be our aim to realise4 ,! *ief ess5tials 9 a home1 !n1 are adequate accommodation--:i* mu/ include a ba? z a s9e qu non--a pleas+ & h>moni\s appe>ance ( ext]ior & environm5t1 & ! provision ( an ample g>d54 ,x is surely n a m]e co9cid5ce t at ! pres5t "t1 n only 9 ,engl& b 9 o!r c\ntries1 a movem5t is 9 progress side by side ) t ( h\s+ re=m :i* is ( great significance--! revival 9 dome/ic ar*itecture4 ,at pres5t ?is has manife/$ itself *iefly 9 rec5t examples ( c\ntry h\ses & 9 resid5ces ( ! l>g] cottage class4 ,?\gh ! influ5ce has already reveal$ itself to "s ext5t ev5 9 ! small] cottage-dwell+s1 & ?\gh _m notable exp]im5ts h be5 made--mo/ tell+ ( all ! spl5did exp]im5t at ,g>d5 ,city--x may be said t ! ef=t on ! "p ( ! ar*itect g5]ally to satisfy ! dem&s bo? ( art & economy has yet to be made4 ,! fact t x is *eap] to erect villas 9 long r[s ( a repeat$ & /]eotyp$ design has d\btless l>gely disc\rag$ su* ef=t1 b ! prejudice ( ! artisan & o!rs aga9/ ! revival--= ! revival 0 at fir/ look$ ^u1 p]haps1 z an arti/ic craze--c sc>cely n[ be reg>d$ z an ob/acle4 ,if ! ne$s ( ! p1 z !y h be5 conceiv$ 9 ! few prec$+ p>agraphs1 are to be satisfi$1 ! two movem5ts ( h\s+ re=m & ! revival 9 dome/ic ar*itecture mu/ c]ta9ly advance h& 9 h&4 ,) adequate exp]im5t x w probably be f\nd1 moreov]1 t ! difficulty on ! economic side has be5 exagg]at$4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 9 ! examples ( small] cottage types "h dealt )1 att5tion has be5 specially paid to ?is aspect ( ! "q1 a pleas+ appe>ance hav+ be5 aim$ at1 ) ! employm5t ( ! lea/ co/ly mat]ials4 ,an ef=t has also be5 made 9 a fur!r /age to %[ h[ monotony may be avoid$1 ev5 ) a repetition ( ! same plan1 by v>iety 9 comb9ation & disposition4 ,l>g] types ( cottages are also includ$1 & economy 9 design & co/ ( mat]ials has "h also be5 consid]$1 z well z a pleas+ effect aim$ at4 ,! plans giv51 ) "o exception1 are ( examples actually exi/+1 s t :at defects may be pres5t c sc>cely be disguis$4 ,! int5tion is t !y %\ld be reg>d$ *iefly z sugge/ive1 & x is frankly admitt$ t !y are n only capable ( modification1 by :i* _! co/ may be r$uc$1 b also ( improvem5t4 ,! "w dealt ) has be5 execut$ dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s4 ,! me?od ( includ+ ) ! description ( ea* cottage su* notes & sugge/ions z h seem$ wor?y ( m5tion1 has be5 adopt$ z be+ m valuable ?an gr\p+ ^! "u sep>ate heads1 ?\gh a numb] ( g5]al obs]vations on v>i\s features ( cottage-build+ has also be5 add$4 ,! photographs reproduc$ 7 tak5 by ,t4 ,lewis & by ,h>old ,bak]1 bo? ( ,birm+ham4 ,,note4--,! co/ is giv5 ( all cottages :]e ! accommodation1 mat]ials1 c41 are fully describ$1 ) ! exception ( "o or two cases 9 :i* ! cottages are own$ privately4 ,z mo/ ( ! examples giv5 h be5 built by ! ,b\rnville ,village ,tru/1 x %\ld be not$ t ! figures /at$ include an addition to ! net co/ ( #c p] c5t4 z build]'s pr(it4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,! ,,triangle4 ,,b\rnville4 ,,! ,,b\rnville ,,village4 ,al?\gh _m articles h already appe>$ f "t to "t 9 newspap] & p]iodical respect+ ! ,b\rnville ,village1 ! foll[+ acc\nt ( its f\nd+ & developm5t w d\btless be ( int]e/ to ! read]3-- ,9 #ahgi ,messrs4 ,cadbury ,bro!rs remov$ _! works f ,birm+ham to ! pres5t site at ,b\rnville1 & tw5ty-f\r cottages 7 erect$ !re = _! workm54 ,?is really =m$ ! nucleus out ( :i* 9 rec5t ye>s ! village has develop$4 ,x 0 9 #ahie t ,mr4 ,george ,cadbury1 ! s5ior memb] ( ! pres5t firm1 comm5c$ ! "w ( build+ a model village4 ,"o ( ! objects ( ! s*eme 0 t ( 8alleviat+ ! evils :i* arise f ! insanit>y & insuffici5t h\s+ accommodation suppli$ to l>ge numb]s ( ! work+ classes1 & ( secur+ to work]s 9 factories "s ( ! advantages ( outdoor village life1 ) opportunities = ! natural & heal?ful occupation ( cultivat+ ! soil40 ,a simple & int]e/+ /atem5t ( ! motive beh9d ! exp]im5t 0 made by ,mr4 ,cadbury himself at ! ,g>d5 ,city ,conf]5ce1 held at ,b\rnville 9 #aija4 ,an intimate k ( ! lives ( ,birm+ham work+-m51 ga9$ by an exp]i5ce ( "s =ty ye>s1 _h %[n him t ! greate/ drawback to _! moral & physical progress 0 ! lack ( any heal?ful occupation = _! leisure4 ,al?\gh _m m5 took up c>p5try & o!r crafts1 su* hobbies1 he said1 _h prov$ insuffici5tly recreative1 & 9 mo/ cases ! m5 soon tir$ ( !m4 ,realis+ ?is1 he began to ?9k ( new means4 ,8 conclusion 0 t ! only practical ?+ 0 to br+ ! factory work] out on to ! l&1 t he might pursue ! mo/ natural & heal?ful ( all recreations1 t ( g>d5+4 ,x 0 impossible = work+ m5 to be heal?y & h heal?y *ildr51 :5 aft] be+ conf9$ all day 9 factories !y sp5t _! ev5+s 9 an in/itute1 club room1 or public h\se4 ,if x 7 necess>y = _! heal?1 z x und\bt$ly 01 t !y %\ld get fre% air1 x 0 equally to ! advantage ( _! moral life t !y %\ld be br\ght into contact ) ,nature4 ,!re 0 an advantage1 too1 9 br++ ! work+-man on to ! l&1 =1 in/ead ( 8 los+ money 9 ! amusem5ts usually s\ght 9 ! t[ns1 he sav$ x 9 8 g>d5 produce--a great consid]ation :]e ! poor] class ( workman 0 conc]n$4 ,! av]age yield p] g>d5 9 ! #aija te/s at ,b\rnville1 aft] mak+ all[ance = all outgo+s1 prov$ to be #as4 #aa;d4 ea* p] week4 ,mr4 ,cadbury also ?\ght t ! increas$ consumption ( fre% vegetable food1 in/ead ( animal food1 0 fur!r desirable4 ,x 0 t\*+1 he ?\ght1 to see ! int]e/ & pleasure tak5 by t[n families :5 on com+ into ! c\ntry !y saw se$s g]m9ate & vegetables gr[n = ! fir/ "t4 ,nor 0 ! advantage ( leav+ ! t[n = ! c\ntry re/rict$ to ! workm54 ,mr4 ,cadbury %[$ t ! great] facilities !re = obta9+ l& 7 also ( advantage to ! manufactur] ^: bus9ess 0 increas+4 ,! ,b\rnville idea 0 at fir/ reg>d$ z an impracticable "o1 ev5 ap>t f ! economic side ( ! "q1 b ! realisation ( ! s*eme has prov$ o!rwise4 ,! av]age g>d5 space allott$ to ! ,b\rnville cottages is #fjj squ>e y>ds1 ?is be+ z mu* z mo/ m5 c conv5i5tly cultivate1 &1 almo/ )\t exception1 ! ,b\rnville t5ants are ! mo/ en?usia/ic g>d5]s--a /atem5t no "o surely w trav]se :o has paid a visit to ! village 9 ! summ]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,%ops1 ,,b\rnville4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,l9d5 ,,road1 ,,b\rnville4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4 ,,! ,,old ,,f>m ,,inn1 ,,b\rnville4 ,:ile x 0 ! fir/ aim ( ! f\nd] to provide dwell+s = ! factory work] :i* %\ld h adequate accommodation & l>ge g>d5s1 x 0 n int5d$ t at ,b\rnville provision %\ld be made alone = ! poor] work+ class4 ,x might be po9t$ out t "o ( ! mo/ prom95t ideals 9 ! s*eme ( ! ,g>d5 ,suburb ,tru/1 already ref]r$ to1 is 8t all classes may live 9 k9dly neighb\rl9ess10 & ! amalgamation ( ! factory-work] & ! bra9-work] 9 ! same di/rict is cat]$ = z be+ expressly desirable4 ,at ,b\rnville !re has always be5 a dem& = h\ses bo? on ! "p ( ! skill$ artisan & o!rs1 & ?is dem& has be5 provid$ = f ! fir/4 ,r5ts 9 ! village range f #ds4 #f;d4 a week1 rates n includ$1 to #abs4 a week2 & !re are also a few h\ses ( a /ill l>g] class at high] r5tals4 ,nor are ! h\ses let to ,messrs4 ,cadbury's own workpeople exclusively1 z ! foll[+ figures w %[--figures bas$ on a private c5sus tak5 dur+ #aija1 & "h quot$ f a booklet issu$ by ! ,village ,tru/3-- ,,proportion ,,( ,,h\sehold]s ,,work+ ,,9-- ,b\rnville #dab p] c5t4 ,villages )9 a mile ( ,b\rnville #ahf ,birm+ham #djb ,,occupations ,,( ,,h\sehold]s-- ,employ$ at indoor "w 9 factories #ejg p] c5t4 ,cl]ks & travell]s #acc ,me*anics1 c>p5t]s1 bricklay]s1 & v>i\s occupations n admitt+ ( exact classification #cfj ,! village is f\r miles f ,birm+ham1 & is easily accessible by cycle1 rail1 or electric c>4 ,! la/ come )9 easy di/ance ( ! village1 workm5's f>es be+ #b;d4 return4 ,"u ! f\nd]'s fir/ s*eme ! l& 0 let ^u leases ( #iii ye>s1 subject to a gr\nd r5t v>y+ f d4 to #a;d4 p] y>d 7#fjj squ>e y>ds at d4 & #a;d4 #a #es4 & #b #ajs4 respectively74 ,arrangem5ts 7 made to f9d capital on mortgages grant$ at ! rate ( ,?ree p] c5t4 to ^? :o paid less ?an half ! co/ ( ! h\se & ,two & a-half p] c5t4 to ^? :o paid m4 ,al?\gh a /ipulation 0 made t no "o p]son %\ld be all[$ to build m ?an f\r h\ses1 x 0 f\nd necess>y to revise ! arrangem5t 9 ord] to prev5t speculation4 ,9 #aijj1 !re=e1 ! e/ate 0 h&$ ov] to a ,tru/ on behalf ( ! nation1 ! :ole income to be direct$ to solv+ ! h\s+ problem4 ,! h\ses n[ built are let to t5ants at mod]ate weekly r5tals1 :i* include ! annual gr\nd r5t1 equal to ab\t #a;d4 p] y>d 7accord+ to its value71 & :i* %\ld yield ,f\r p] c5t4 net4 ,! rev5ue ( h\se & gr\nd r5ts is employ$1 aft] provision has be5 made = ! ma9t5ance & repair ( pres5t prop]ty1 9 ! developm5t ( ! village itself1 & 9 ! lay+ out & developm5t ( o!r villages else:]e1 ! ,tru/ be+ emp[]$ "u ! de$ ( f\ndation to acquire l& 9 any "p ( ,great ,brita94 ,subsequ5tly to ! =mation ( ! ,tru/1 additional l& adjac5t to ,b\rnville has be5 add$ to ! f\nd]'s gift1 & includ$ 9 ! village1 :i* n[ ext5ds ov] #deh acres4 ,already upw>ds ( #ajj acres ( l& h be5 laid out = build+4 ,!re are n[ ab\t #dej h\ses 9 ! h&s ( ! ,tru/1 :i* numb]1 add$ to ! #adc sold "u ! fir/ s*eme1 makes a total ( ne>ly #fjj4 ,) ! income ( ! ,tru/1 build+ is be+ /eadily proce$$ )1 & !re is a cont9ual dem& = h\ses4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,,sycamore ,,road1 ,,b\rnville4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,,! ,,s*ools1 ,,b\rnville ,,see ,,page #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,,c>v$ ,,/one ,,panels ,,= ,,s*ools4 ,! ,tru/ees h p[] to make arrangem5ts ) railways & o!r companies = *eap means ( transit4 ,!y may lease1 und]let1 or sell l&1 or develop x & prep>e x = build+1 give l&1 or erect build+s = places ( wor%ip1 hospitals1 s*ools1 te*nical in/itutes1 libr>ies1 gymnasiums1 laundries1 ba?s1 c4 ,occupy+ a c5tral position 9 ! village are already ! ,b\rnville ,meet+ ,h\se 7see ,plates ,x4 & ,,xi471 ! ,rusk9 ,hall1 an in/itute f\nd$ 9 #aijc1 & includ+ libr>y1 read+-room1 lecture hall1 class rooms 7see ,plate ,,ix471 & ! s*ools describ$ lat]4 ,ample op5 spaces h be5 res]v$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! village4 ,^! include ! ,village ,gre52 ,! ,triangle 7a plot ( l& ) lawn1 fl[] b$s1 & %rubb]y1 int]sect$ by public pa?s--see ,plate ,,ii472 ,camp ,wood 7an undulat+ woodl&1 ?ick ) old =e/-trees72 *ildr5's playgr\nds & lawns1 ) sw+s1 b>s1 c42 allotm5t g>d5s2 y\?s' & girls' g>d5s 7consi/+ ( a numb] ( small plots r5t$ & cultivat$ by boys & girls1 9 connection ) :i* g>d5+ classes are held71 c4 ,a l>ge area ( l&1 ?r\gh :i* fl[s ! ,b\rn /ream1 has also be5 res]v$ = lay+ out z a public p>k4 ,adjac5t to ! ,e/ate1 ?\gh n "p ( x1 are two ext5sive & well-wood$ recreation gr\nds belong+ to ,messrs4 ,cadbury1 :i* are put at ! disposal ( _! m5 & wom5 employees2 ^? = ! =m] includ+ op5-air swimm+ ba?s1 :i* may be us$ dur+ /ipulat$ h\rs by ! t5ants ( ! ,e/ate h\ses4 ,^! recreation gr\nds sep>ate ! works build+s f ! village itself1 & 9 ! ev5t ( ! factory ceas+ to exi/1 ! ,tru/ de$ provides t !y be h&$ ov] to ! ,di/rict ,c\ncil = use z a public p>k4 ,ne>ly all ! old trees & woodl& on ! ,e/ate h be5 pres]v$1 & new trees plant$ 9 _m p>ts4 ,! s*ools 7see ,plate ,,vii47 are ! gift to ! village ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,george ,cadbury4 ,!y accommodate #edj *ildr5 7#bgj boys & #bgj girls71 & are con/ruct$ on ! c5tral-hall plan4 ,!re are six class-rooms = fifty *ildr5 ea*1 & six = =ty ea*1 & ! dim5sions ( ! l>ge hall are #hd ft4 by #cb ft4 ,! l& falls f ,nor? to ,s\?1 & advantage has be5 tak5 ( ! basem5t af=d$ to provide = accommodation = classes 9 cook]y1 laundry1 manual in/ruction1 & v>i\s bran*es ( h&icraft4 ,! build+s /& 9 gr\nds two & a-half acres 9 ext5t1 adjo9+ :i* is ! ,p>k1 ! *ildr5 ?us hav+ access 9 all to ab\t t5 acres4 ,! t[] rises to a height ( ab\t #fj ft41 & has be5 utilis$ = a libr>y1 laboratory1 c4 ,an ext5sive view ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry is obta9$ f ! top1 & a map1 incis$ 9 /one1 ) compass & locat+ app>atus1 is provid$ = in/ruct+ ! *ildr5 9 local geography4 ,ev]y?+ is be+ done 9 ! design+ ( details--c>v$ & pa9t$ panels1 c4--to make ! build+ itself a p]man5t means ( educat+ ! *ildr52 ! subjects *os5 include hi/orical sc5es1 tru?fully depict$ z reg>ds dress1 cu/oms1 ar*itecture1 c41 :ile 9 ! bosses & v\ssoirs are repres5t$ ,engli% fl[]s & foliage1 conv5tionally treat$4 ,! c>v+ is execut$ by ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,creswick1 ( ,birm+ham4 ,9 ! design+ ( ! build+ e ef=t has be5 made to embody ! late/ improvem5ts & ! result ( ! mo/ broad-m9d$ & enlight5$ /udy ( education4 ,g>d5s are provid$ = ! in/ruction ( ! *ildr5 9 g>d5+1 vegetable gr[+1 c4 ,! l[ dea?-rate at ,b\rnville dur+ #aijd ( #fi p] ?\s&1 comp>$ ) #ai p] ?\s& 9 ,birm+ham1 is "s indication ( ! heal?9ess ( ! village4 ,! figures are tak5 f ! report ( ! di/rict m$ical (fic] ( heal?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,,rusk9 ,,hall1 ,,b\rnville4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4 ,,meet+ ,,h\se1 ,,b\rnville4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,,meet+ ,,h\se1 ,,b\rnville4 ,x is n propos$ to deal "h ) ! economics ( model village or g>d5 city s*emes g5]ally4 ,?\gh ! movem5t is /ill v "y1 x is already advanc+ f ! problematical /age4 ,its progress is be+ wat*$ ) ! ke5e/ int]e/ by _m :o realise t ( all c\rses ! mo/ impracticable 9 ! long run is t :i* all[s ! slum-suburb to spr+ up un*eck$4 ,if x be ask$1 ) reg>d to ! problem ( ! h\s+ ( ! p1 :at is ,b\rnville's contribution t[>ds its solution1 x w\ld be /at+ its claims at ! l[e/ to say t x /&s z an example ( :at ! village ( ! future may be1 a village ( heal?y homes amid pleasant surr\nd+s1 :]e fre% air is abundant & beauty pres5t1 & :]e are secur$ to its p by an adm9i/ration co-op]ative 9 nature num]\s b5efits :i* "u pres5t conditions are d5i$ !m else:]e4 ,,cottages ,,at #ace1 ,,) ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,economic ,,build+ ,,( ,,small ,,cottages4 ,,plates ,,xii ,,& ,,xiii4 ,,cottages ,,9 ,,blocks ,,( ,,eight1 ,,at #ace4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,cottages ,,9 ,,blocks ,,( ,,eight4 ,,see ,,page #af4 ,plate ,,xii gives ! plan1 ) elevation1 ( a block ( eight cottages1 ! accommodation ( :i* is ! lea/1 & ! dim5sions ! l[e/1 t %\ld be provid$ = homes ) "o liv+ room4 ,! accommodation is z foll[s3-- ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,liv+ ,room1 #ab ft4 #d 94 #ac ft4 ,kit*51 #h ft4 #ab ft4 #f ins4 7) 8,cab9et0 ,ba?1 & boil] ) pat5t /eam exhau/74 ,l>d] "u /airs4 ,,b$room ,,floor4 ,fir/ ,b$room1 #i ft4 #b ins4 #ac ft41 & recess4 ,second ,b$room1 #h ft4 #d ins4 #aa ft4 #b ins4 ,?ird ,b$room1 #g ft4 #f ins4 #h ft4 ,total co/1 #ace p] cottage4 ,lay+ out ( g>d51 #g #ajs4 extra4 ,cubical cont5ts1 #fd1hjj ft4 at #d;d4 p] foot cube #a1jhj p] block1 or #ace p] cottage4 ,!re has be5 consid]able discussion ( late ) reg>d to ! build+ ( *eap cottages suitable = lab\r]s & ! poor] artisans1 bo? 9 ! c\ntry & else:]e4 ,exp]im5ts h be5 made 9 :i* ! build+ mat]ials employ$ h be5 o!r ?an brick1 ! object be+ a r$uction 9 co/4 ,! bye-laws :i* d n at pres5t sanction ! erection ( cottages 9 "s ( ^! mat]ials w1 x is hop$1 be=e long be alt]$4 ,mean:ile1 :at is want$ 9 mo/ di/ricts is ! *eap dwell+ 9 brick4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,,block ,,( ,,eight ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #af4 ,! example "h giv5 is ( a simil> plan to "o f :i* a numb] ( cottages 9 blocks ( f\r h be5 erect$ at ,b\rnville4 ,ow+ to a decision on ! "p ( ! ,village ,tru/ n to build 9 blocks ( m ?an f\r1 ! plans "h giv5 h nev] be5 c>ri$ out at ,b\rnville1 b 9 view ( ! dang] !re is ( "u-e/imat+ ! co/ ( su* cottages1 & ! importance ( avoid+ inaccuracies1 e/imates h be5 obta9$ = _! erection "u simil> conditions4 ,economy ( con/ruction has be5 ! ma9 object 9 ! design1 )\t sacrific+ t pleasant environm5t1 privacy & homel9ess ( appe>ance :i* are1 z already indicat$1 ess5tial to ! cottage home4 ,! co/ ( erect+ 9 blocks ( f\r only is necess>ily increas$1 & ! l[e/ e/imate = ^? at ,b\rnville is #afj p] cottage1 ! p>ticul> e/imate be+1 h[ev]1 = a block ( f\r on 8made up0 gr\nd1 necessitat+ deep foot+s1 ! cottages includ+ ! sunk ba?1 :i* is m co/ly ?an ! 8,cab9et0 pat5t4 ,! plan might be simplifi$1 if desir$1 by omitt+ ! division wall betwe5 ! liv+ room & scull]y1 ?us mak+ "o l>ge room4 ,! boil]1 s9k1 & ba? might !n be plann$ 9 a small recess :i* c\ld be scre5$ (f by a curta9 :5 n 9 use4 ,,simplicity ,,& ,,regul>ity ,,( ,,plann+4--,! ro( runs un9t]rupt$ly f end to end1 by :i* unnecess>y ro( complications are avoid$2 ! *imneys h be5 gr\p$ toge!r to dim9i% trimm+ & fla%+1 always co/ly items1 & h be5 br\ght to ! highe/ po9t 9 ! ro( to prev5t smoky flues1 consequ5t ^u d[n draughts2 & ! build+ ?r\gh\t is ( a v inexp5sive "*4 ,fur!r1 ! eaves run un9t]rupt$ly1 = ! w9d[s are n all[$ to complicate ! sp\t+ & ro(+ by break+ ?r\gh ! ro(1 ! wall-plate nev]!less be+ kept at a fairly l[ level4 ,9 all cottages ( ?is class1 compactness & regul>ity %\ld be always aim$ at 9 plann+1 & ! wall l9es--set out at "r angles--%\ld be z long & unbrok5 z possible4 ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,outbuild+s4--,! ,w4,c4's1 "h isolat$1 are 9 ! ,b\rnville blocks ( f\r plann$ "u ! ma9 ro(1 :i* arrangem5t is = _m reasons pref]able4 ,z _m z possible ( ! outbuild+s %\ld1 9 ! case ( small cottages1 be arrang$ "u ! ma9 ro(4 ,(t51 :]e ! outbuild+s ( ^! r[s ( cottages are ext5sive1 "o or m ( ! h\ses suff]s ?r\gh ! project+ eaves ( ! o!r1 & !re is a n>r[ outlook ^u a cramp$ y>d4 ,! bett] view ( ! g>d5 obta9$ f ! back rooms by ! avoidance ( ?is is an important consid]ation4 ,! kit*51 9 small prop]ty1 is z mu* us$ z ! liv+ room1 & ! value ( ! re/ful glimpse ( gre5 to ! h\sewife %\ld n be ignor$4 7,! isolation ( ! ,w4,c4 9 ! example "u notice does n ob/ruct ! light47 ,9 ! case ( a corn] site x is pref]able to close 9 ! y>d at ! back ( ! h\se1 s t ! week's wa% may n be expos$ to ! public view4 ,x may be advanc$1 h[ev]1 t su* a dome/ic display is n really unsightly1 b gives a pleasant human int]e/ to ! surr\nd+s4 ,su* an op9ion1 nev]!less1 w probably n f9d g5]al acceptance4 ,,heights ,,( ,,rooms4--,! height ( ! build+ w also be r$uc$ to ! l[e/ limit4 ,! heights ( #h ft4 #c ins4 = ! gr\nd floor1 & #h ft4 = ! *amb] floor1 are q adequate = ! av]age cottage1 s long z suffici5t v5tilation is provid$4 ,!re is "s difficulty 9 gett+ ! artisan to recognise ?is1 = a l(ty & (t5 draughty & cold room seems to h an unacc\ntable attraction = him4 ,z1 h[ev]1 floor space is ! ess5tial1 ! r$uction ( heights is 9 e way a legitimate means ( economis+ ! brickwork2 moreov]1 ! scale ( ! build+ is at ! same "t r5d]$ m pleas+4 ,) ! height r$uc$1 x w be necess>y to introduce ! casem5t w9d[1 z ! sa% k9d requires a l(ti] elevation4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w be no detrim5t1 z ! =m] is m agreeable & appropriate to ! cottage home4 ,,extra ,,b$room ,,accommodation4--,if 9 any ( ! small] types ( cottages dealt ) x is ?\ght desirable to provide a f\r? b$room1 or if l>g] b$rooms are requir$1 an attic might be provid$ by slightly lift+ ! ro( 7:]e ?is is necess>y71 & ! fir/ floor might !n be divid$ into two rooms or n1 accord+ to ! requirem5ts4 ,/aircases1 h[ev]1 are exp5sive1 & x is well = ! sake ( economy to provide b$rooms on ! fir/ floor4 ,:]e ro( space is available ?is may be us$ = lumb]1 :5 ! trap by :i* x is rea*$ %\ld be plac$ 9 ! lea/ important b$room4 ,! ceil+1 h[ev]1 %\ld be slightly /r5g!n$1 & ! be>+ %\ld n be too great4 ,,ornam5t4--,! s\nd pr9ciple t beauty %\ld be bas$ on utility is (t5 violat$1 ev5 9 ! build+ ( small cottages & villas1 9 ord] to gratify a vulg> ta/e = %oddy & mean+less display4 ,al?\gh ! ar*itect may n be entirely to blame = submitt+ to ?is pref]5ce1 x is none ! less c]ta9 t if he avail himself ( su* opportunities z occur to introduce a pur] ta/e1 ! public w 9 "t respond1 :ile su* ef=ts on 8 "p w be always he>tily approv$ by 8 fell[ ar*itects4 ,! difficulty ( induc+ build]s to /ock ornam5t t is really good is m]ely "o ( dem&4 ,! public ta/e may aft] all be f\nd to be m am5able ?an is commonly repres5t$4 ,a read9ess on ! "p ( ! ,b\rnville t5ants to cat* ! _s ( homely simplicity sugge/$ 9 ! design ( ! h\ses has %[n itself 9 ! mann] 9 :i* !y furni% _! homes1 z1 = in/ance1 9 _! use ( suitable curta9s = ! casem5t w9d[s4 ,if x be decid$ t a r[ ( cottages %\ld h ornam5t1 ?is %\ld n be too small or cr[d$1 & %\ld be introduc$ 9 ! "r place--9 ! case ( tight cottages1 say 9 ! ?ird & ! six?1 ! unadorn$ ones s]v+ z a foil4 ,an excess ( ornam5t %\ld be avoid$1 especially if ! aim is economy1 & :at !re is %\ld be broad & simple1 = su*1 happily1 is increas+ly 9 fav\r 9 pref]5ce to ! incongru\s & florid /ock c>v+ ( ! j]ry build]1 :i*1 bad z x is1 mu/ yet co/ some?+4 ,if money is to be sp5t1 let pref]5ce be giv5 fir/ ( all to ! quality ( ! mat]ial us$1 & !n to ! extra elaboration ( su* mat]ial1 su* z r\gh-ca/1 p>quetry1 col\r decoration1 etc4 ,:ile ! appe>ance ( ! elevation ( ! blocks ( eight cottages "h giv5 is improv$ by ! introduction ov] ! doors ( hoods ) wr\ght-iron /ays1 ! erection ( two l>ge po/s ) a horizontal cross-piece z a support = honeysuckle or climb+ rose is n only *eap]1 b is 9 ! circum/ances a m suitable way ( adorn+ :at is ( necessity a pla9 elevation4 ,! /eps be=e ! doorway %\ld !n be cut %ort1 )\t returns1 to enable ! plant to be set z ne> z possible to ! po/s4 ,! two /eps are a necessity 9 ord] to secure good v5tilation b5ea? ! floors1 :]e bo>d$ floors are us$4 ,,! ,,true ,,te/ ,,( ,,economy4--,_m j]ry-built h\ses are ! "w ( ! speculat+ build]1 :o imm$iately on _! completion sells !m to "o :o buys to sell aga94 ,he secures himself1 b ) su* inf]ior prop]ty someone mu/ 9 ! end suff] consid]able loss4 ,to say t a h\se has be5 built on economic l9es because ! co/ ( erection has be5 ! l[e/ possible is to mislead1 = ! true te/ ( economy is t :i* w take into acc\nt ! co/ ( repairs at ! end ( t5 ye>s1 & its !n value4 ,9 design+ cottages = an e/ate or g>d5 city1 ! ar*itect w !re=e realise ! importance ( build+ dwell+s t %all be la/+4 ,he w p]ceive t to take ! l[ co/ ( ! j]ry-built h\se z a /&>d w only lead him ultimately into endless tr\ble & exp5se4 ,he w n1 to save a trifl+ initial co/1 incur a heavi] "o lat] on1 = 9 ?is case ! own]%ip ( ! h\se does n *ange1 & ma9t5ance is n a ?+ t c be %irk$4 ,,f\ndations4--,he w !re=e see t !re is a b$ ( concrete ov] ! :ole site1 t 8 floors are well v5tilat$ by all[+ a good space betwe5 ! "u-side ( gr\nd floor joi/s & gr\nd "w1 t ! damp c\rse is effectual1 & also t pl5ty ( air-bricks are ins]t$ to ensure ?r\gh v5tilation1 ?us provid+ aga9/ ! gr[? ( dry-rot & all ! exp5se x entails4 ,z ! t5ants ( ! cottages w d\btless be amateur g>d5]s :o w probably add manure to ! soil ea* ye>1 ! damp c\rse is likely to get cov]$ ov]2 x is !re=e ess5tial t ?is %\ld be at lea/ six in*es above ! gr\nd :5 ! cottages are built4 ,,/ock ,,articles4--,economy may always be ex]cis$ by us+ :at are wor?y /ock articles ( build+1 & 9 ! case ( a model village1 :]e l>ge ord]s w be giv51 ! ar*itect %\ld make x 8 bus9ess to introduce new l9es--m\lds1 doors1 grates1 mantels1 etc4--! quality ( :i* is fir/ well prov$4 ,/ock sizes ( build+ mat]ials %\ld be select$1 & ! plann+ %\ld be adapt$ to !m to avoid wa/e4 ,= in/ance1 joi/s %\ld always be ( su* sizes z w prev5t wa/e 9 ! cutt+ ( timb]s4 ,joi/s are /ock$ 9 a def9ite numb] ( foot l5g?s4 ,rooms ( #ab ft4 #d ins4 wid?1 ) #d ins4 be>+ all[$ at ea* end1 w require joi/s ( #ac ft4 l5g?s1 9 :i* case !re is no wa/e2 on ! o!r h&1 rooms ) #ab ft4 #f ins4 wid?1 ) ! same be>+1 w require #ad ft4 joi/ l5g?s1 9 :i* case #aj ins4 9 timb] & ! lab\r 9 cutt+ w be wa/$1 :i* ! extra #b ins4 ga9$ does n w>rant2 #ab ft4 #d ins41 #ac ft4 #d ins41 #ad ft4 #d ins41 & s on1 are !re=e pref]able dim5sions4 ,aga91 if ! size ( ! joi/s be #i ins4 #c ins41 #bg ins4 cube is obta9$1 :i* is n /rong] ?an #aa ins4 #b ins41 giv+ #bb ins4 cube4 ,if ! latt] be *os51 !re=e1 #e ins4 cube are sav$4 ,true1 ! h\se w be rais$ 9 height1 b n suffici5tly to appreciably increase ! co/4 ,?is is only "o in/ance ( h[ selection ( mat]ial may be pr(itably /udi$4 ,,g5]al4--,9 ! example giv5 ! /aircase runs betwe5 ! h\ses1 & gives !m a good wide frontage1 br++ ! out] h\ses ne>] to ! extremity ( ! l&1 & enabl+ a m conv5i5t division ( ! g>d5s4 ,x w be notic$ t ! ba? 9 ^! small cottages is ! 8,cab9et0 pat5t1 :i* is /rongly recomm5d$ on acc\nt ( its be+ easily %ut up & /[$ away 7see page #ea74 ,! int]ior fitt+s are ( ! simple/ & mo/ inexp5sive k9d1 su* a ?+ z ! +le nook1 h[ev] pleas+ & com=table1 be+ res]v$ = a bett] class ( cottage4 ,ample cupbo>d room1 nev]!less1 is provid$1 & x %\ld be not$ t su* conv5i5ces z cloak rails1 cup-rails & hooks1 picture rails1 etc41 are fix$ 9 all ! cottages dealt )4 ,small gas cook]s or grills %\ld be includ$ 9 all cottages1 :e!r l>ge or small4 ,:ite's pat5t /eam exhau/ %\ld also be fitt$ 9 all cottages4 ,,! ,,lay+ ,,out ,,( ,,g>d5s4 ,! g>d51 a feature ( su* importance 9 ! model village1 or g>d5 city1 %\ld h no less c>e & att5tion 9 ! plann+ ?an ! h\se itself4 ,! accompany+ plan is "o frequ5tly adopt$ at ,b\rnville :]e ! aspect is suitable4 ,! arrangem5t is modifi$ 9 ! case ( ! smalle/ cottages by ! r$uction or omission ( turf4 ,! b$d+1 ) ! v>i\s trees & %rubs suppli$1 is indicat$ on ! plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g>d5 ,,plan4 ,) ! l>ge g>d5-space allott$1 ! pa?s %\ld be broad &1 g5]ally speak+1 plann$ 9 /raight l9es1 ! wid? be+ n less ?an #c ft4--ev5 #d ft4 n be+ too wide4 ,at ,b\rnville !y are made ( #f ins4 ( a%es & #c ins4 ( gravel4 ,:]e !re is turf ! pa? %\ld run at "o extremity ( ! g>d5 plot1 giv+ ! full wid? rema9+ = z spaci\s a lawn z possible4 ,at ! bottom ( ! lawn x might be turn$ to ! left or "r1 z ! case may be1 z f> z ! c5tre1 & c>ri$ d[n ?r\gh ! kit*5 g>d5 s t ! fruit trees & vegetables may be easily accessible on ei!r h&4 ,) a s\? aspect1 h[ev]1 x is advisable to /ill cont9ue ! pa? d[n "o side1 ! %ad[ ( ! adjac5t h$ge ?us be+ ca/ n on ! b$s b on ! pa? itself4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t 9 lay+ out ! b$s all peas & beans1 raspb]ry canes1 etc41 are be/ plant$ nor? & s\? 9 ord] t ! :ole l5g? ( ! r[s may get ! sun4 ,! t5d5cy is = amateur g>d5]s to fav\r w9d+ pa?s1 by :i* space is lo/1 besides ! arrangem5t be+ inconv5i5t4 ,! curv$ l9e is r>ely 9 h>mony ) ! sett+ ( ! cottage1 & curves1 if introduc$1 %\ld be ga9$ r 9 ! plant+ ( trees or fl[]s1 curves 9 col\r be+ m pleas+4 ,! numb] ( trees1 etc41 provid$ 9 ea* ( ! ,b\rnville g>d5s is3--eight apple & pe> trees1 assort$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! soil1 :i*1 9 addition to be>+ fruit1 =m a desirable scre5 betwe5 h\ses :i* are back to back2 twelve gooseb]ry bu%es1 "o ,victoria plum1 six creep]s = ! h\se1 includ+ ,gloire de ,dijon & ,william ,all5 ,ri*>dson roses1 wi/>ia1 honeysuckle1 clematis1 ivy 9 a numb] ( v>ieties1 ,ampelopsis veit*ii1 :ite & yell[ jasm9e1 etc41 accord+ to ! aspect1 z well z "o or two =e/ trees1 s plac$ z to frame ! build+4 ,h$ges ( ?orn divide ! h\ses1 & =m road b\nd>ies4 ,! *oice ( trees & creep]s is det]m9$ n only by ! suitability ( soil or aspect1 b also by ! g5]al effect ga9$4 ,,blocks1 ,,pairs1 ,,& ,,s+le ,,cottages4 ,,plates ,,xiv4 ,,& ,,xv4 ,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xiv4 ,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #be4 ,9 ! asc5d+ scale we n[ come to a block ( f\r1 conta9+ h\ses ( two classes4 ,! co/ ( ea* is approximately ! same1 & ! advantages are ab\t equal4 ,! outside h\ses h a side entrance ) lobby & out] por*1 !reby mak+ ! front room q private1 :ile 9 ! inside ones ! front door op5s into ! room1 :i* has1 h[ev]1 ! advantage ( be+ m spaci\s4 ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,+le ,,nook ,,9 ,,small ,,cottages4--,! introduction ( an +le nook 9 ?is latt] secures to x a great] degree ( com=t1 & privacy f ! road is also ga9$ by ! ext5sion ( ! scre54 ,complete privacy may be secur$ by atta*+ a rod f ! scre5 to ! outside wall & dropp+ a curta94 ,! +le is light$ by borr[$ light f ! half-glass door1 ! light pass+ ?r\gh ! glaz$ wood5 scre54 ,9 ?is case ! +le nook may be said to be ! natural outcome ( ! plan4 ,! /aircase 9 ^! inside h\ses is at ! side ( ! +le1 & af=ds space b5ea? = a cupbo>d1 :i* is rea*$ f ! kit*54 ,! /aircase 9 ! outside h\ses is approa*$ ne> ! w9d[ ( ! liv+ room1 & admits ( space 9 l mann] = a l>d]1 :i* is ent]$ f ! lobby4 ,,v5tilation4--,x w be se5 t ! l>d]1 9 ! case ( ! two middle h\ses1 is arrang$ )9 ! h\se1 betwe5 ! coals & ! liv+ room4 ,l>d]s1 :]ev] possible1 %\ld h an outside w9d[1 b 9 ?is case v5tilation is v easily obta9$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,an inlet ( a #i-;94 pipe ent]s ! l>d] on ! floor level f air bricks 9 ! front wall1 :ile 9 ! coals at ! back a concrete division is ins]t$ at a height ( #e ft4 #f ins4 or #e ft4 #i ins4 7! gr\nd floor ( ! h\se f floor to ceil+ be+ 9 ?is in/ance #h ft4 #f ins474 ,?r\gh a fanlight above ! outside door ( coals n only is light obta9$1 b1 by means ( a cord & pulley work$ f ! l>d]1 ?r\gh v5tilation also1 :ile !re is no dang] ( ! invasion ( coal du/4 ,9 bo? h\ses !re is little space wa/$4 ,9 ! outside ones ! liv+ rooms are ent]$ imm$iately f ! lobby1 & ! b$rooms imm$iately f a small l&+1 :ile !re is a useful closet ov] ! /airs1 ent]$ f ! front b$room4 ,! projection 9 ?is block gives v>iety to ! /reet1 & is ! natural outcome ( ! requirem5ts ( ! h\ses4 ,! type is self-conta9$1 & privacy is secur$ to ! h\sehold]s by ! introduction ( ! side entrance to ! outside h\ses1 & by ! arrangem5t ( ! doorways to ! middle ones at ! remote ends4 ,,mat]ials4--,br9dl$ bricks1 h&-made tiles1 & casem5t w9d[s ( wood are "h us$1 & ! brickwork ( ! kit*5 is po9t$ = :itewa%+1 ) a #d-;ft4 dado ( pa9t4 ,9 ^! small] cottages x is advisable to employ pap]s = int]ior wall decoration 9 pref]5ce to col\r-wa%1 ! latt] be+ v soon soil$ :]e !re are *ildr54 ,picture rails %\ld be us$ 9 all cottages1 if only to save ! pla/]4 ,,accommodation4--,! accommodation ( ! respective h\ses is z foll[s3-- ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,,outside ,,h\ses4 ,,inside ,,h\ses4 ,liv+ ,room #ab ft4 #d ins4 #ac ft4 #ae ft4 #af ft4 #d ins4 ,kit*5 #aj ft4 #f ins4 #aa ft4 #aa ft4 #aa ft4 #c ins4 ,tools1 ,w4,c41 & ,coals4 ,,b$room ,,floor4 ,fir/ ,b$room #ab ft4 #d ins4 #ac ft4 #ac ft4 #c ins4 #ae ft4 ,second ,b$room #h ft4 #aa ft4 #f ft4 #c ins4 #ad ft4 #b ins4 ,?ird ,b$room #g ft4 #f ins4 #g ft4 #aj ins4 #g ft4 #i ins4 #h ft4 #d ins4 ,l95 ,closet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv4 ,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #be4 ,total co/1 includ+ all extras & build]'s pr(it1 #hgb p] block1 or #bah p] cottage4 ,lay+ out ( g>d5s1 #aj p] cottage4 ,cubical cont5ts1 #dh1bie ft4 at #d;d4 p] foot cube1 #hgb1 or #bah p] cottage499 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,block ,,( ,,?ree ,,cottages4 ,! elevation %[n 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration is ( a block ( ?ree cottages1 ! two outside ones ( :i* are simil> to ^? %[n on ! =ego+ plan4 ,?is is an example ( h[ ! same plan may be repeat$ ) v>i$ effect1 or :]e !re is n suffici5t l& = f\r4 99 ,,note4--,z mo/ ( ! examples giv5 h be5 built by ! ,b\rnville ,village ,tru/1 x %\ld be not$ t ! figures /at$ include 9 all cases an addition to ! net co/ ( #c z build]'s pr(it4 ,:]e !re is any m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! price p] foot cube n acc\nt$ = by m complicat$ plann+1 or by ! bett] quality ( mat]ials1 ?is is due1 n only to ! fluctuation ( build+ prices dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 b also to ! v>iation 9 ! co/ ( build+ at diff]5t p]iods ( ! ye>4 ,! extras include f5c+1 g>d5 gates1 etc4 ,,plates ,,xvi4 ,,& ,,xvii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xvi4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #bh4 ,,v>iation ,,( ,,=m] ,,plan4--,! plan %[n 9 ,plate ,,xvi4 & illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,xvii41 is ( a pair simil> to ! outside cottages ( ,plate ,,xiv4 ,?is aga9 %[s h[ x is possible to play on ! same plan 9 ! build+ ( a village1 & s ga9 ! desirable v>iety ( elevation4 ,! ro( is hipp$ & cov]$ ) pantiles4 ,a bay w9d[ is introduc$ 9 bo? ! /oreys1 ) r\gh-ca/ betwe54 ,a ra9wat] ci/]n to /ore all ro( wat] is plac$ ov] ! coals1 :i* projects f ! ma9 block4 ,a great] privacy is obta9$ by ?is slight projection1 )\t int]f]+ ) ! light at ! back4 ,! *imneys are gr\p$ toge!r 9 ! c5tre1 !re be+ only "o /ack to bo? ! h\ses1 :i* is c>ri$ to ! highe/ po9t ( ! ro(4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #bh4 ,total co/ ( cottages built to ?is plan1 includ+ all extras1 #bcj p] cottage4 ,lay+ out ( g>d5s1 #aj p] cottage4 ,cubical cont5ts1 #bb1jjj ft4 at #e;d4 p] foot cube1 #dfj1 or #bcj p] cottage4 ,,plate ,,xviii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xviii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #bh4 ,! plan & elevation %[n on ?is plate are ( an alt]native arrangem5t to ! la/4 ,! h\ses h an entrance at ! front & an ext5d$ l>d]1 ow+ to ! /aircases asc5d+ f ! lobby4 ,! fireplaces are arrang$ 9 ! corn]s ( ! rooms4 ,,plate ,,xix4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xix4 ,,see ,,page #bh4 ,! view "h giv5 %[s ?ree pairs ( cottages built to ! plan %[n on ,plate ,,xvi41 & illu/rates h[ a v>iety ( elevation may be ga9$ by add+ bays1 dorm]s1 etc41 & by us+ diff]+ mat]ials4 ,,description ,,( ,,plate ,,xx4 ,,plate ,,xx4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,v>iation ,,( ,,=m] ,,plan4--,?is plate %[s ! developm5t & v>iation ( ! inside h\ses ( ! block ( f\r %[n on ,plate ,,xiv41 ) a sup]ior arrangem5t ( l>d]1 & ) project+ coals4 ,! long slop+ ro( has be5 hipp$ back to give a pleas+ l9e1 especially 9 p]spective4 ,,! ,,long ,,slop+ ,,ro(4--,! long slop+ ro(1 a feature frequ5tly introduc$ at ,b\rnville1 has sev]al advantages4 ,if x 7 n employ$1 & ! front walls 7 c>ri$ up level ) ! ceil+ l9e ( ! b$room1 ! proportions ( ! elevation w\ld n be s happy1 :ile an additional exp5se w\ld be incurr$ by ! extra brickwork4 ,su* a height1 moreov]1 w\ld be :olly unnecess>y4 ,9 ! case ( cottages ) ! long slop+ ro( ! height ( b$rooms to ! po9t ( int]section ( ro( & wall ne$ only be #e ft4 #f ins4 ,ample v5tilation is obta9$ by ! simple ins]tion ( a #i 94 by #g 94 air-brick on ! outside wall1 & a ,%]+ham v5tilator or ,tob9 tube )91 ab\t #e ft4 #f ins4 f ! floor1 ! co/ ( ! latt] be+ ab\t #cs41 & ( ! =m] a little m4 ,! long slop+ ro( c r>ely be treat$ ta/efully )\t boldly project+ ! eaves4 ,! projection gives a v]&ah 9 front ( ! h\se :i* af=ds a pleasant %elt]4 ,wood5 po/s may be us$ z supports1 & by tra9+ climb+ plants up !m1 & all[+ !m to fe/oon1 a really delightful summ] b[] may be =m$4 ,z ! ro( is broad1 pantiles may be us$ ) safety s f> z good ta/e is conc]n$3 bold ro(1 bold cov]+4 ,by omitt+ ! gutt]s at ! dorm] eaves a pleas+ effect is ga9$1 & gutt]s are q unnecess>y ) an eaves projection4 ,! *eeks ( ! dorm]s %\ld be dress$ ) lead4 ,! cottages 9 "q are :itewa%$1 & h a t>r$ pl9? ( ab\t #b ft4 to prev5t ! unsightl9ess ( mud spla%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xx4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #cj4 ,,! ,,l>ge ,,liv+ ,,room4--,9 view ( ! ga9 to heal? ( "o spaci\s liv+ room ov] ! p>l\r plan1 a numb] ( ^! cottages has be5 built 9 v>y+ design at ,b\rnville1 & no difficulty has be5 f\nd 9 lett+ !m4 ,!re has be51 h[ev]1 consid]able discussion ) reg>d to _! conv5i5ce to ! artisan 9 o!r di/ricts :]e !y h be5 introduc$4 ,al?\gh cottages 9 ! pa/ _h no ?ird room1 !re hav+ be51 z "h1 "o l>ge com=table room 7(t5 ) ! +le nook7 & a small kit*5 at ! back--all ! accommodation really requir$--yet at ! pres5t "t _m artisans are n cont5t )\t ! useless p>l\r1 :i* !y appe> to ?9k adds dignity to ! h\se1 b :i* is us$ by !m *iefly z a /ore-room = gim-cracks4 ,!re is1 p]haps1 a reasonable objection to a s+le l>ge liv+ room on ! "p ( a p>ticul> class :o let ! front room to a lodg]4 ,nev]!less1 = a model village or a g>d5 city x is /rongly recomm5d$ t ! plan %\ld be adopt$ freely1 & ! pref]5ce = ! useless front room 9 small cottages disc\rag$4 ,total co/ ( ! example giv51 includ+ all extras1 #bfh p] cottage4 ,lay+ out ( g>d5s1 #aj ea*4 ,cubical cont5ts1 #bh1ehg ft41 at #d;d4 p] foot cube1 #ecf1 or #bfh p] cottage4 ,in/ances ( ! la/ two types ( cottages dealt ) appe> 9 ! view giv5 on ,plate ,,iv4 ,,plate ,,xxi4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxi4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #cb4 ,! small] cottage %[n "h is plann$ on simil> l9es to ! =ego+1 b ) ! additional accommodation ( an attic1 & bay w9d[s to ! two /oreys4 ,?is is an in/ance ( h[ a small] cottage may be jo9$ to a l>g] "o 9 treat+ a corn] site1 ! l>g] "o on ! corn] giv+ importance to ea* road4 ,,plates ,,xxii41 ,,xxiii41 ,i4 7,,frontispiece71 ,,xxiv41 ,,xxv41 ,,& ,,xxvi4 ,,blocks ,,( ,,f\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxii4 ,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #cb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiii4 ,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #cb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiv4 ,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #cb4 ,^! plates %[ examples ( cottages 9 blocks ( f\r r l>g] 9 size ?an ! la/ type1 & treat$ 9 diff]5t mat]ials4 ,plate ,,xxvi4 %[s ! details ( ! cottages on ,plate ,,xxv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxv4 ,,block ,,( ,,f\r ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #cb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxvi4 ,,detail ,,view4 ,,see ,,page #cb4 ,,plate ,,xxvii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xxvii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #cc4 ,plate ,,xxvii4 gives ! plan & elevation ( a pair ( cottages also hav+ simil> accommodation to ^? ) ! long slop+ ro(s %[n on ,plate ,,xx4 ,! co/1 h[ev]1 is "h consid]ably r$uc$ by ea* h\se hav+ a side entrance1 & by ! omission ( ! +le nook1 v]&ah & bay1 :ile ! liv+ room1 ?\gh small]1 is n a passage room4 ,by approa*+ ! /airs f ! lobby1 n only is m privacy secur$1 b ! space b5ea? is made available 9 ! kit*5 = a 8,cab9et0 ba?1 :i* is s plac$ z to occupy x :5 9 use in/ead ( project+ into ! kit*54 ,! plann+ is simple & squ>e1 :i*1 ) ! omission ( bays & ! introduction ( pla9 casem5ts1 all helps to r$uce ! co/4 ,! accommodation is3-- ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,liv+ ,room1 #ab ft4 #d ins4 #af ft4 ,kit*51 #aj ft4 #c ins4 #aa ft4 #f ins4 ,lobby4 ,l>d]1 ,w4,c4 & ,coals4 ,,b$room ,,floor4 ,fir/ ,b$room1 #ab ft4 #d ins4 #af ft4 ,second ,b$room1 #g ft4 #h ins4 #aa ft4 #f ins4 ,?ird ,b$room1 #h ft4 #h ft4 #c ins4 ,l95 ,closet4 ,total co/1 includ+ all extras1 #bej p] cottage4 ,lay+ out ( g>d5s1 #aj ea*4 ,cubical cont5ts1 #bd1jjj ft41 at #e;d4 p] foot cube1 #ejj1 or #bej p] cottage4 ,,plate ,,xxviii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xxviii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #cd4 ,?is plate %[s ! plan & elevation ( a pair ( cottages hav+ ! p>l\r 9 addition to ! liv+ room & scull]y4 ,! liv+ room1 :i* %\ld always be ! l>g]1 is "h ! full wid? ( ! h\se4 ,! measurem5ts are3-- ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,liv+ ,room1 #aa ft4 #e ins4 #af ft4 #f ins4 ,p>l\r1 #aa ft4 #d ins4 #ac ft4 #c ins4 ,scull]y1 ,outside ,l>d]1 ,w4,c4 & ,coals4 ,,b$room ,,floor4 ,fir/ ,b$room1 #aa ft4 #d ins4 #ac ft4 #c ins4 ,second ,b$room1 #h ft4 #f ins4 #aa ft4 #e ins4 ,?ird ,b$room1 #g ft4 #h ins4 #h ft4 #f ins4 ,l95 ,closet4 ,total co/1 includ+ all extras1 #bcj p] cottage4 ,cubical cont5ts1 #cc1iah ft4 at #c;d4 p] ft4 cube4 #dfj1 or #bcj ea*4 7,built 9 #ahii47 ,! /airs 9 ?is in/ance desc5d to ! entrance lobby1 b !y may be plann$ ! o!r way ab\t 9 ord] to avoid ! necessity ( trav]s+ ! p>l\r to get to ! b$rooms1 & to insure *ildr5 cry+ up/airs be+ he>d 9 ! liv+ room or ! scull]y4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld necessitate ! cutt+ ( #c ft4 (f ! l>ge front b$room1 :ile ! respective spaces = ! l>d] & ! lobby bel[ w\ld be rev]s$1 ! position ( ! =m] be+ undesirable4 ,ord9>y ro(+ tiles & common bricks h be5 us$4 ,! liv+ room is bo>d$1 & ! scull]y qu>ri$4 ,x might be po9t$ out t !re is b little scope = v>iety ( plan 9 ^! small] cottages4 ,! v>iations mu/ be obta9$ 9 ! treatm5t ( elevations4 ,z already /at$1 to build *eaply ! ma9 po9t is to get ! walls z long & /raight z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,block ,,( ,,?ree ,,cottages4 ,,plates ,,xxix4 ,,& ,,xxx4 ,,block ,,( ,,?ree ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xxix4 ,,block ,,( ,,?ree ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #ce4 ,plate ,,xxix4 & ! accompany+ scale-draw+ give ! plan & elevation ( a block ( ?ree cottages1 a sket* ( :i* appe>s 9 ,plate ,,xxx4 ,! inn] "o occupies an exact ?ird ( ! l&1 & is d\ble front$4 ,by putt+ ! inn] "o ) its axis to ! front1 an equal g>d5-space is giv5 to all ! h\ses )\t incurr+ a re-division ( ! l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxx4 ,,block ,,( ,,?ree ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #ce4 ,! inn] & left-h& h\ses h practically ! same accommodation1 b ! "r-h& has sev]al advantages3 !re is a wid] hall1 ! liv+ room is n a passage room1 :ile ! kit*5 is rea*$ f ! hall1 & ! wa%-h\se is ent]$ f ! y>d4 ,accommodation ( left-h& & inn] h\ses4 ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,p>l\r1 #aa ft4 #d ins4 #ae ft4 #c ins4 ,liv+ ,room1 #aj ft4 #ad ft4 #f ins4 & bay4 ,scull]y1 #aj ft4 #f ft4 & recess = ,ba?4 ,coals1 ,tools1 & ,w4,c4 ,,b$room ,,floor4 ,fir/ ,b$room1 #aa ft4 #d ins4 #ae ft4 #c ins4 ,second ,b$room1 #g ft4 #f ins4 #ad ft4 #f ins41 & bay4 ,?ird ,b$room1 #g ft4 #e ins4 #aa ft4 #f ins4 ,f\r? ,b$room1 #i ft4 #f ins4 #f ft4 7middle h\se only74 ,l95 ,closet4 ,co/ ( left-h& & inn] h\ses1 includ+ all extras1 #bic p] cottage4 7,built 9 #aijd47 ,! "r-h& h\se1 ow+ to ! extra conv5i5ces1 works out at r m4 ,9 ! middle h\se ! recess betwe5 ! range & small w9d[ makes a v conv5i5t space = a writ+ table1 especially if curta9s are dropp$ f a rod to scre5 x (f1 its proximity to ! range mak+ x a w>m & cosy retreat 9 w9t]4 ,!re is a bay w9d[ to ! liv+ room ( ! outside h\ses4 ,two ( ! h\ses 9 ?is block are fitt$ ) ,cornes' ,pat5t ,comb9$ ,scull]y-,ba?-,range & ,boil]1 describ$ on page #eb1 & ! ?ird ) ! 8,cab9et0 ba?4 ,! elevation1 ) ! =ec\rt =m$ by ! projection ( ! two outside h\ses1 may be made v pleas+4 ,f ! p]spective x w be se5 t ! inn] h\se is cov]$ ) r\gh-ca/1 mak+ an agreeable contra/ ) ! out] ones ( pla9 brickwork4 ,r\gh-ca/1 :ile fairly economical1 is v effective1 & helps to bright5 ! =ec\rt4 ,! projection ( ! out] h\ses af=ds a break1 ! abruptness ( :i* does n attract att5tion1 b :i* gives an opportunity ( /opp+ ! r\gh-ca/1 :i* w\ld o!rwise h to be c>ri$ r\nd to ! back ( ! :ole block4 ,x is n advisable to introduce a v>iety ( col\r ^u ext]iors4 ,col\r is be/ dispos$ 9 masses--t is1 x %\ld be treat$ broadly1 n di/ribut$ 9 isolat$ portions1 or 9 %>ply contra/+ t9ts4 7,see page #ei47 ,! ro( ( ?is block is ( gre5 slates ( v>y+ sizes1 dim9i%+ t[>ds ! ridge4 ,aspect 9 ! plac+ ( ! h\se is "h /udi$ z well z ! site4 ,! axis runs s\?-we/ & nor?-ea/1 & ! front comm&s a pleas+ p]spective ( "o ( ! pr9cipal ,b\rnville roads1 & an admirable view ( ! ,lickey ,hills 9 ! di/ance4 ,,descriptions ,,( ,,plates ,,xxxi4-,,xxxiii4 ,,plate ,,xxxi4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages 7,,%all[ ,,site74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxi4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #ch4 ,! view %[n 9 ?is plate illu/rates ! treatm5t ( a %all[ corn] site1 ! block be+ a pair ( semi-deta*$1 d\ble-front$ cottages4 ,! plan is simil> to ! middle h\se ( ! =ego+ block4 ,,plate ,,xxxii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #ch4 ,a pair ( cottages also plann$ on ! same l9es z ! middle h\se %[n 9 ,plate ,,xxix4 & ! =ego+ %all[-site pair1 b plac$ at "r angles in/ead ( l5g?wise1 & occupy+ a corn] position4 ,,plate ,,xxxiii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxiii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #ch4 ,an example ( a pair ( cottages treat$ 9 ! ,dut* /yle4 ,,description ,,( ,,plates ,,xxxiv4 ,,& ,,xxxv4 ,,plate ,,xxxiv4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xxxiv4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #dj4 ,! accommodation ( ! pair ( cottages %[n 9 ?is plate is z foll[s3-- ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,p>l\r1 #aa ft4 #d ins4 #ac ft4 #f ins41 & bay4 ,liv+ room1 #aa ft4 #f ins4 #ad ft4 #e ins4 7,fr5* ,w9d[s74 ,kit*51 #aj ft4 #h ins4 #ab ft4 #c ins4 ,l>d]4 ,por*1 ,hall1 & ,clock ,space "u /airs4 ,tools1 ,w4,c41 & ,coals 7,enclos$ y>d74 ,,b$room ,,floor4 ,fir/ ,b$room1 #aa ft4 #d ins4 #ac ft4 #f ins4 ,second ,b$room1 #aa ft4 #f ins4 #ad ft4 #e ins4 ,?ird ,b$room1 #h ft4 #f ins4 #aj ft4 #h ins4 ,ba? ,room 7hot & cold wat]74 ,height ( rooms3 ,gr\nd floor1 #h ft4 #i ins42 fir/ floor1 #h ft4 #f ins4 ,total co/1 includ+ all extras1 #cge p] cottage4 ,lay+ out ( g>d5s1 #ab #ajs4 ea*4 ,cubical cont5ts1 #cd1bhe ft41 at #e;d4 p] foot cube #cge p] cottage4 7,built 9 #aijc47 ,,mat]ials4--,:itewa%$ common bricks are "h us$4 ,:itewa% is *eap & may be us$ v effectively1 especially :]e !re are trees 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! ro(s & dorm]s are hipp$1 & cov]$ ) ,wel% gre5 slates & blue half-r\nd ridges2 ! *imney pots are buff-col\r4 ,,sills4--,! sills1 z 9 _m ( ! o!r h\ses1 are =m$ ( calf-nos$ bricks set on edge 9 cem5t1 ) two c\rses ( tiles b5ea?1 :i* =m a drip "u ! sill1 & ) a back+ ( slate 9 cem5t4 ,by br++ ! w9d[-frame =w>d to r$uce ! size ( ! top ( ! sill1 damp & ! driv+ 9 ( ra9 are prev5t$4 ,?is makes an inexp5sive sill1 & adds to ! homely appe>ance ( ! cottage4 ,,int]ior ,,wall ,,decoration4--,! int]ior wall decoration is ,duresco ?r\gh\t4 ,pla9 +ra9 pap]1 ( :i* !re is a numb] ( v *eap k9ds n[ on ! m>ket1 might be us$ ) a frieze4 ,a good effect is obta9$ by br++ d[n ! :ite f ! ceil+ z f> z ! picture rail1 :i* gives light to ! room & improves its proportions4 ,! ext]ior woodwork is pa9t$ a ,v]ona gre54 ,,fireplaces4--,fireplaces suitable = ?is or any ( ! six-room$ cottages are z foll[s3-- ,front ,room3 int]ior grate1 slabb$ surr\nds1 til$ he>?1 & :ite wood *imney piece4 ,liv+ ,room3 iron til$ mantel-%am4 ,kit*53 #c ft4 range ) :ite til$ coves & ,york /one %elf & trusses4 ,front ,b$room3 #cj 94 mantel-%am & til$ he>?4 ,back ,b$rooms3 #bd 94 mantel-%am & til$ he>?4 ,! total co/ ( ! :ole %\ld n am\nt to m ?an #ab4 ,! scull]y is l5g!n$ by a projection 9 ! nature ( a bay4 ,! outbuild+s1 :i* are c>ri$ to "r & left ( ! pair1 give privacy to ! g>d5 ne> to ! h\ses4 ,,plate ,,xxxv4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,?is plate illu/rates "o ( sev]al diff]5t treatm5ts ( ! la/ plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxv4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #da4 ,,plates ,,xxxvi41 ,,xxxvii41 ,,& ,,xxxviii4 ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,side ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xxxvi4 ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,,see ,,page #db4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 gives ! plan ( a s+le cottage occupy+ a corn] site4 ,x conta9s3-- ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,draw+ ,room1 #ab ft4 #f ins4 #ac ft4 #f ins41 & bay4 ,d9+ ,room1 #ac ft4 #ac ft41 & bay 7,fr5* casem5ts74 ,kit*51 #aj ft4 #aa ft4 ,scull]y1 #h ft4 #aj ft4 ,l>d]4 ,por* & ,hall1 ) ,cloak ,space "u /airs4 ,coals1 ,tools1 & ,w4,c4 ,,b$room ,,floor4 ,fir/ ,b$room1 #ac ft4 #f ins4 #ae ft4 #i ins4 ,second ,b$room1 #aa ft4 #f ins4 #ac ft4 ,?ird ,b$room1 #aj ft4 #ac ft4 ,dress+ ,room4 ,cupbo>ds4 ,ba?room1 ) ,w4,c4 & ,lavatory 7hot & cold wat]74 ,z w be se51 !re is v little space wa/$ 9 ! plann+ ( ! rooms4 ,! :ole ( ! ext]ior is r\gh-ca/4 ,! front b$room is enl>g$ & projects ov] ! gr\nd floor1 giv+ a pleasant %ade to ! l[] portion ( ! elevation1 :ile ! ro( is cont9u$ ov] "o side & c>ri$ d[n to =m ! por*4 ,! gable is ( half-timb] fram+4 ,! ro( is cov]$ ) ,h>t%ill h&-made tiles1 :i*1 :ile ri*ly ton+ & col\r+1 h admirably /ood ! te/ ( sev]al ye>s' h>d wea!r1 & h prov$ mu* m durable ?an ! press$ tile us$ = "s ( ! o!r cottages at ,b\rnville4 ,! plan ( ! cottage might be simplifi$ by gabl+ back & front1 ! ro( ?us cov]+ ! :ole build+1 & hav+ no valleys4 ,! b$room accommodation c\ld be !n increas$ by ! addition ( attics4 ,two views ( ! actual example appe> 9 ,plates ,,xxxvii4 & ,,xxxviii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxvii4 ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,,see ,,page #db4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxviii4 ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,,see ,,page #db4 ,,descriptions ,,( ,,plates ,,xxxix4-,,xlii4 ,,plates ,,xxxix41 ,,xl41 ,,xli41 ,,& ,,xlii4 ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,back ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xxxix4 ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,,see ,,page #dd4 ,ano!r s+le cottage has accommodation z foll[s3-- ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,liv+ ,room1 includ+ roomy alcove1 #ac ft4 #e ins4 #ae ft4 #f ins4 ,kit*51 #aj ft4 #ac ft4 #e ins4 ,scull]y1 ,l>d]1 ,tools1 ,w4,c41 ,coals1 & ,enclos$ ,y>d4 ,,b$room ,,floor4 ,fir/ ,b$room1 #ac ft4 #e ins4 #ae ft4 #f ins4 ,second ,b$room1 #aj ft4 #ac ft4 #e ins4 ,?ird ,b$room1 #i ft4 #f ins4 #i ft4 #f ins4 ,ba?room 7hot & cold wat]7 & ,w4,c4 ,spaci\s ,attic 7%[n by dott$ l9es7 & ,boxrooms4 ,total co/1 9 #aijc1 #edj4 ,cubical cont5ts1 #ai1ich ft41 at #f;d4 p] ft4 cube1 #edj4 ,by hang+ a curta91 ! alcove %[n 9 ! plan may be made private = writ+ or /udy+1 if requir$4 ,x may also be us$ = meals2 & if a door communicates ) ! hall1 ! table may be laid by ! maid unse5 by ! visitor1 & ! curta9s aft]w>ds drawn ap>t4 ,?us "o ( ! disadvantages urg$ aga9/ ! l>g]-siz$ h\ses ) "o l>ge liv+ room may be ov]come4 ,,mat]ials4--,! cottage is built ( :itewa%$ common bricks1 ) t>r$ pl9?1 ! ro( be+ cov]$ ) ,peake's d>k br9dl$ h&-made ro(+ tiles4 ,x is )\t decoration1 ap>t f :at is af=d$ by ! semicircul> hood ov] ! front door1 ! wr\ght-iron brackets support+ ! gutt]s1 & at ! back a semicircul> ar* to give importance to ! liv+ room4 ,!re are %utt]s to all ! gr\nd floor w9d[s1 :i* are made to bolt f )94 ,! view %[n 9 ,plate ,,xl4 is ( ! back4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xl4 ,,s+le ,,cottage ,,back4 ,,see ,,page #dd4 ,plates ,,xli4 & ,,xlii4 %[ ! /aircase & d9+ room respectively4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xli4 ,,/aircase ,,( ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,,see ,,page #dd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlii4 ,,d9+ ,,room--,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,,see ,,page #dd4 ,,descriptions ,,( ,,plates ,,xliii4 ,,& ,,xliv4 ,,plates ,,xliii4 ,,& ,,xliv4 ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,back ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xliii4 ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,,see ,,page #df4 ,plates ,,xliii4 & ,,xliv4 %[ ! plan & view respectively ( ano!r type ( s+le cottage1 ) ! foll[+ accommodation3-- ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,d9+ ,room1 #ac ft4 #ai ft41 & small alcove4 ,draw+ ,room1 #ac ft4 #af ft4 #f ins41 & bay4 ,kit*51 #i ft4 #f ins4 #ae ft4 ,scull]y1 #h ft4 #f ins4 #i ft4 #d ins4 ,l>d]1 ,coals1 ,a%es1 ,w4,c41 & ,enclos$ ,y>d4 ,,b$room ,,floor4 ,fir/ ,b$room1 #ac ft4 #ac ft4 #d ins4 ,second ,b$room1 #ab ft4 #ac ft41 & l>ge bay4 ,?ird ,b$room1 #i ft4 #f ins4 #ab ft4 ,f\r? ,b$room1 #h ft4 #f ins4 #ac ft4 #d ins4 ,ba?room1 ) ,lavatory & ,w4,c4 ,l>ge ,attic1 ext5d+ ov] almo/ ! :ole ( ! f\r rooms4 ,total co/1 9 #aijd1 #fdj4 ,cubical cont5ts1 #be1jgg ft4 at #f;d4 p] ft4 cube #fdj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xliv4 ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,,see ,,page #df4 ,by ! arrangem5t ( ! /airs x w be notic$ t additional space is secur$ to ! d9+ room1 =m+ a pleasant ar*$ alcove4 ,,mat]ials4--,! mat]ials us$ are br9dl$ bricks1 ,peake's h&-made ro(+ tiles1 hips & ridges cov]$ ) half-r\nd ridge-tiles1 #f 94 half-r\nd sp\ts ) ornam5tal /ays1 project+ hood ( timb]1 cov]$ ) lead & support$ by two wr\ght-iron /ays1 r$ tall-boy *imney pots1 doors pa9t$ ,suffield gre51 w9d[ sa%es & frames ivory :ite1 & eaves1 gutt]s & d[n-sp\ts lead col\r4 ,,plates ,,xlv41 ,,xlvi41 ,,& ,,xlvii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,?ree-,,/orey ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b$room ,,plan ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,plate ,,xlv4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #dg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,attic ,,plan ,,plate ,,xlvi4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #dg4 ,plates ,,xlv4 & ,,xlvi4 give plans1 & ,plate ,,xlvii4 ! view ( a pair ( ?ree-/orey cottages ( ab\t ! same accommodation1 ! left-h& hav+ ! foll[+3-- ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,d9+ ,room1 #aa ft4 #f ins4 #ah ft41 ) ,fr5* w9d[4 ,draw+ ,room1 #ab ft4 #f ins4 #ae ft41 ) deep bay4 ,small ,sitt+ ,room1 #g ft4 #aa ft4 #b ins4 ,work+ ,kit*51 #aa ft4 #b 94 #ab ft4 #f ins4 ,l>d] & ,*9a ,pantry1 ,por* & ,hall4 ,w4,c41 ,coals1 ,tools1 & ,enclos$ ,y>d4 ,,b$room ,,floor4 ,fir/ ,b$room1 #ab ft4 #f ins4 #ae ft41 & deep bay4 ,second ,b$room1 #aa ft4 #f ins4 #af ft4 ,?ird ,b$room1 #aj ft4 #f ins4 #aa ft4 #b ins41 ) oriel4 ,ba?room1 ) ,lavatory1 ,w4,c4 ,two ,attics & ,l>ge ,box ,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlvii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #dg4 ,! accommodation 9 ! two h\ses diff]s ow+ to ! aspect4 ,if ! two plans 7 id5tical1 a consid]able portion ( ! "r-h& g>d5 w\ld be %ut (f f ! s\?1 & ! l>d] w\ld n face ! nor?4 ,/ress has already be5 laid on ! necessity ( consid]+ aspect4 ,! left-h& is a corn] h\se1 & ! project+ out-h\ses answ] ! d\ble purpose ( scre5+ ! g>d5 f ! road & protect+ ! h\se f ! nor? w9d4 ,9 ! adjo9+ h\se !re is no small sitt+ room1 b an extra attic4 ,! outbuild+s are atta*$ to ! ma9 build+1 & d n project into ! g>d52 ! pr9cipal room is ?us left op5 to ! s\?4 ,,mat]ials4--,! h\ses are built ( common bricks :itewa%$1 ) a t>r$ pl9?4 ,!re are half-timb] por*es1 & ! spaces betwe5 ! bays & "u ! dorm]s are cov]$ ) r\gh-ca/ & decorat$ ) p>quetry4 ,! ra9wat] head 9 front is pick$ out 9 v]million1 ! introduction ( a v little bright col\r giv+ a pleasant jewel-l effect4 ,peake's h&-made tiles1 ( d>k col\r1 are us$ = ! ro(s1 ) half-r\nd ridg+1 & ornam5tal iron /ays support ! gutt]s1 :i* are ( #f 94 half-r\nd iron4 ,a pair ( h\ses erect$ to a simil> plan to t ( ! "r-h& h\se 9 #aijd co/ #faj ea*4 ,! co/ ( ! examples giv5 "w out m ow+ to ! fall 9 ! l&1 :i* necessitates v deep foot+s1 & also to ! plans diff]+ 9 ord] to suit aspect & site4 ,,plate ,,xlviii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,?ree-,,/orey ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlviii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #dh4 ,plate ,,xlviii4 gives ! view ( a pair ( h\ses simil> to ! la/1 b some:at r$uc$ 9 size1 & ! treatm5t v>i$4 ,br9dl$ bricks are us$ = ! gr\nd floor1 & r\gh-ca/ = ! upp] /oreys4 ,,plates ,,xlix41 ,l41 ,,li41 ,,lii41 ,,liii41 ,,liv41 ,,& ,,lv4 ,,two ,,pairs ,,( ,,cottages4 ,^! plates illu/rate two pairs ( cottages ( two /oreys ea*1 almo/ id5tical 9 plan1 b diff]5tly treat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,elevation ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,b$room ,,plan ,,plate ,,xlix4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #di4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,l4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #di4 ,! accommodation ( ! pair %[n 9 ,plates ,,xlix4 & ,l4 is3-- ,,gr\nd ,,floor4 ,d9+ ,room1 #ac ft4 #f 94 #af ft4 & bay4 ,draw+ ,room1 #ac ft4 #f ins4 #af ft4 #c ins41 includ+ +le & bay w9d[4 ,kit*51 #aj ft4 #f ins4 #ab ft4 ,hall1 ) /orm doors1 #ab ft4 #f ins4 #aj ft4 ,scull]y1 ,l>d]1 ,w4,c41 ,coals1 & ,tool ,h\se4 ,frontage1 #ae yds4 ,,b$room ,,floor4 ,fir/ ,b$room1 #ab ft4 #af ft4 #c ins41 & bay4 ,second ,b$room1 #ab ft4 #d ins4 #ac ft4 #f 94 ,?ird ,b$room1 #aj ft4 #aj ft4 #b ins4 ,f\r? ,b$room1 #i ft4 #ac ft4 #f ins4 ,boxroom1 #h ft4 #aj ft4 ,ba?room1 ) ,lavatory1 & ,w4,c4 ,! d9+ room is light$ by a small ea/ w9d[ & a we/ bay w9d[1 ! latt] be+ cov]$ by ! ro( ( ! v]&ah1 :i* t]m9ates 9 ! bay w9d[ ( ! draw+ room4 ,al?\gh ! kit*5 is a small "o1 x has ! advantage ( n be+ a passage room1 ! door f ! hall to ! kit*5 & t f ! kit*5 to ! scull]y be+ arrang$ beside "o ano!r 9 ! same wall4 ,9 ^! h\ses ! w9d[s h wood5 frames & wr\ght-iron casem5ts4 ,! pr9cipal rooms occupy ! full wid? ( ! back1 & ! hall is !re=e ext5d$ to admit ( ! doors ( ! two rooms be+ conv5i5tly plac$4 ,,+le ,,nook4--,! +le :i* results f ?is arrangem5t has a beam ) a %elf above cont9u+ ! l9e ( ! ar*itrave1 & ! ceil+ ( ! +le is only #f ft4 #f 94 high4 ,!re is a small light on "o side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,li4 ,,cottage ,,+le4 ,,see ,,page #di4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lii4 ,,detail ,,view4 ,,see ,,page #di4 ,! +le nook is %[n on ,plate ,,li41 & a view ( ! oriel on ,plate ,,lii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,liii4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages4 ,,see ,,page #ej4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,liv4 ,,pair ,,( ,,cottages--,,back4 ,,see ,,page #ej4 ,! pair ( cottages %[n 9 ,plates ,,liii4 & ,,liv4 h out] por*es1 :]eby ! size ( ! hall is r$uc$4 ,a sep>ate view ( "o ( !m is giv5 on ,plate ,,lv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lv4 ,,por*4 ,,see ,,page #ej4 ,9 ?is example1 z 9 ! =m] also1 ! outlook at ! back ( ! h\se is to be pref]r$ to t 9 ! front1 & z %\ld always be done :5 ! aspect is fav\rable1 ! pr9cipal rooms are plac$ at ! back4 ,!re is 9 ?is in/ance a we/ prospect1 ) a delightful view ( undulat+ woodl& & di/ant hills4 ,! =ec\rt af=ds a pleasant outlook f )9 ! h\se4 ,! l[ness ( ! eaves has ! effect ( giv+ ! pair a v homely & cottage-l appe>ance4 ,! height ( ! b$rooms 9 ! =m] example is #h ft4 #c 94 ,,plates ,,lvi4 ,,& ,,lvii4 ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lvi4 ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,,see ,,page #ej4 ,plate ,,lvi4 gives a s+le cottage ( a plan simil> to ! la/1 ) enl>g$ accommodation & some:at diff]5t treatm5t1 namely3-- ,r\gh-ca/ f gr\nd1 ) t>r$ pl9?2 oriel w9d[ to fir/ floor1 ) ! introduction ( a little col\r 9 p>quetry1 :i* is also appli$ r\nd ! small w9d[ ov] ! entrance1 & a half-timb] por* glaz$ ) lead$ lights1 hav+ col\r$ c5tres ( ri* glass4 ,! cloak space is "h conv]t$ into a *9a pantry4 ,a sep>ate view ( ! por* is %[n on ,plate ,,lvii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lvii4 ,,por* ,,( ,,s+le ,,cottage4 ,,see ,,page #ej4 ,,g5]al ,,notes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pat5t ,,adju/able ,,cab9et ,,ba?4 ,,! ,,ba?4--,! ba?1 )\t :i* no h\se is n[adays reg>d$ z complete1 %\ld be suppli$ 9 all cottages1 h[ev] small4 ,at ,b\rnville1 :]ev] !re is no ba?room1 ! ba? is plac$ 9 ! kit*51 ?is room be+ consid]$ ! mo/ suitable3 hot wat] is "h at h&1 &1 z !re is usually a fire 9 w9t]1 x is bo? m conv5i5t & com=table ?an 9 "o ( ! b$rooms1 :]e ! space c be ill-sp>$1 especially :]e !re are *ildr54 ,ev5 9 ! kit*5s ( ^! small cottages !re is necess>ily none too mu* space1 & v>i\s devices h be5 employ$ to prev5t ! ba? be+ an inconv5i5ce :5 n 9 use4 ,"o way ( dispos+ ( x is to s9k x into ! floor ne> ! he>?1 ! bo>d$ cov]+ s]v+ z a /&+ or dra9+ bo>d :5 ! ba? is 9 use4 ,ano!r way1 :]e !re is a little m room to sp>e1 is to fix x on ! usual floor level1 & make its cov] s]ve z a settle or table4 ,! introduction ( ! ,pat5t ,adju/able ,cab9et ,ba?1 h[ev]1 is bett] ?an ei!r ( ^! me?ods4 ,9 ?is arrangem5t ! ba? is h+$ at ! bottom ( "o end 9 ord] t x may be easily l[]$ f & rais$ back into ! cab9et1 :]e 9 its v]tical position x is no inconv5i5ce :5 n 9 use4 ,9 ! h+e a wa/e pipe is introduc$4 ,) ?is ba? n only is !re a ga9 ( space1 b ! ba? may be us$ ) a sav+ ( "t & lab\r1 & )\t fe> ( delug+ ! floor4 ,above ! cupbo>d 9 :i* ! ba? is kept are conv5i5t %elves4 ,! co/ ( ! ba? & cab9et is ab\t #c #es4 ,! illu/ration on ! la/ page %[s a ba? ( ?is k9d fitt$ 9 "o ( ! ,b\rnville cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cornes' ,,pat5t ,,ba?4 ,ano!r pat5t ba? us$ at ,b\rnville 9 cottages ( l>g] size b n suffici5tly l>ge to admit ( a ba?room is ,cornes' ,comb9$ ,scull]y-,ba?-,range & ,boil]4 ,! pat5t utilises to ! fulle/ ext5t ! heat ( ! kit*51 s t1 9 addition to ! economy ( space1 !re is a fur!r economy ( fuel to ! h\sehold]4 ,! heat+ & cook+ range =ms a great "p ( ! division betwe5 ! kit*5 & scull]y-ba?room1 ! flue be+ c\rs$ ov] ! head ( ! ba?4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! range is ! grate1 ) an ov5 on "o side & on ! o!r a twelve-gallon boil]1 9 :i* wat] is kept hot = dome/ic purposes4 ,boil+ wat] c be obta9$ by rak+ d[n live fuel into a small second>y grate "u ! boil] ?r\gh a small hole made = ! purpose4 ,if desir$1 clo!s c be boil$ 9 ! boil] & access to x f ! scull]y may be ga9$ by op5+ a curv$ door4 ,ow+ to its op5 con/ruction !re is no risk ( explosion4 ,fur!r developm5ts h be5 made 9 ! way ( provid+ a fold+ door 9 front ( ! range1 :i* w %ut (f ! boil] f ! kit*5 :5 necess>y4 ,! scull]y-ba?room1 :i* conta9s ab\t #cf sup]ficial feet1 is fitt$ ) a full-siz$ iron enamell$ ba?1 suppli$ ) hot wat] ?r\gh a pipe f ! range boil] & ) cold wat] f ! ci/]n1 or ?r\gh a %[]-ba? spr9kl] fix$ ov]head1 s t ?is latt] luxury c be enjoy$ by simply turn+ ! tap4 ,! introduction ( ,:ite's ,pat5t ,/eam ,exhau/ effectually prev5ts ! /eam f p]meat+ ! o!r rooms ( ! h\se4 ,an illu/ration is "h giv5 %[+ ,cornes' pat5t fitt$ up4 ,,! ,,+le ,,nook4--,l _m old-"t features :i* h be5 reviv$ dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 ! +le nook has p]haps be5 a little ov]done4 ,! +le is int5d$ to s]ve z a cosy retreat 9 a spaci\s room1 & x %\ld n be introduc$ 9 a room ! size ( :i* is insuffici5t to w>rant its exi/5ce4 ,on ?is acc\nt x is usually undesirable to provide +le nooks 9 cottages1 except 9 ^? ) ! l>ge liv+-rooms4 ,com=t %\ld always be ! object 9 view 9 ! con/ruction ( ! +le1 b 9 _m mod]n examples ?is is sacrific$ to ov] elaboration & t /ra9+ = effect :i* %[s t x 0 design$ = ornam5t & n = use4 ,no d\bt an effect is sometimes ga9$1 b ! usefulness ( ! +le is s f> sacrific$ t n infrequ5tly "o ( mo/ invit+ appe>ance w be f\nd to possess inadequate seat+ accommodation ev5 = a s+le p]son4 ,illu/ration3 ,,elevation ,,plan ,,small ,,cottage ,,+le4 ,! +le1 to be com=table & useful1 %\ld n be less ?an #aj ft4 #f ins4 9 wid? by #d ft4 #f ins4 9 dep?4 ,if x is small] l5g?ways ! heat f ! fire w be too great1 :ile if less deep !re w be insuffici5t accommodation at ! sides = two p]sons )\t project+ ! seats into ! room1 :i* c only be satisfactorily done1 p]haps1 :5 ! side ( ! +le is 9 l9e ) t ( ! room4 ,a reasonable height is #f ft4 #f ins4 ,a pleas+ way ( treat+ a cottage +le is to introduce a /ep up ( ab\t #c ins41 ) an oak curb1 & to tile or qu>ry ! :ole recess1 z illu/rat$ by ! accompany+ draw+4 ,?is +le1 :i* is provid$ 9 ! pair ( cottages ) ! l>ge liv+-rooms dealt ) e>li] 7,plate ,,xx471 is con/ruct$ z foll[s3- 94 mat*-bo>d+ is nail$ to /udd+1 :i* has /\t angle-po/s to support ! beam above2 along ! side ( ! latt] a #g-;94 by #a-;94 %elf is c>ri$ by small wood5 brackets2 & ! wood seats are ( #a ins4 9 ?ickness by #a ft4 #d ins4 f back to front1 at a height ( #a ft4 #c ins4 or less f ! floor4 ,! introduction ( ! +le "h is advantage\s because "s privacy is ?us af=d$ 9 a room :i* is ent]$ directly f ! road4 ,! mat*-bo>d+ 9 ?is case is cont9u$1 & =ms a framework = ! tile-surr\nd ( ! grate1 giv+ an appe>ance ( unity to ! nook1 :ile ! simplicity ( ! mat]ial is pleas+ & re/ful4 ,! ins]tion ( a mantelpiece diff]5t 9 "* %\ld be avoid$4 ,"s int]e/ may be giv5 to ! c5tre ( ! fireplace by inlay+ a little ebony 9 simple =ms4 ,= draw+-rooms ( l>g] h\ses ! back ( ! nook might be panell$1 ! seat uphol/]$1 & ! panels fill$ 9 ) tape/ry4 ,:ite wood looks well1 & ! fireplace might be built up ) glaz$ brickettes4 ,! ways ( treat+ ! m exp5sive +les are s num]\s1 h[ev]1 t x w\ld be ( little use mak+ def9ite sugge/ions4 ,! +le nook ( "o ( ! l>g] cottages is illu/rat$ on ,plate ,,li4 ,,*imneys4--,! economy ( gr\p+ *imneys1 & ! desirability ( c>ry+ !m to ! highe/ po9t ( ! ro( to avoid d[n-draughts1 has already be5 m5tion$4 ,g5]ally speak+1 = cottages1 ! simpl] ! *imneys are ! bett]1 & !y %\ld all be ( h>d burnt bricks1 & ! top c\rses built 9 cem5t4 ,diagonal *imneys are pleas+1 b exp5sive1 & on an e/ate %\ld only be us$ occasionally4 ,! ,dut* *imneys1 built up ) corn]s ( brick & cov]$ ) /one slabs or #ab-;94 dra9 pipes1 z frequ5tly se5 9 ,holl& & ,belgium1 are picturesque 7see ,plate ,,xxii471 b c>e has to be ex]cis$ 9 _! con/ruction4 ,?\gh !y are (t5 reg>d$ z be+ liable to smoke1 x may be po9t$ out t 9 _m cases _! employm5t is ! only rem$y = a smoky flue4 ,outside *imneys1 x w be borne 9 m9d1 are always exp5sive4 ,*imney pots d n improve ! appe>ance1 b sometimes !y are a necessity4 ,9 ^! cases ! simple or pla9 tall-boys are recomm5d$1 & ! col\r--:e!r ( s(t r$ or buff--%\ld be *os5 to suit ! design & col\r+ ( ! cottage4 ,z a v>iation ( ^! !re are ! beehive pots1 ! ma9 idea ( :i* is to keep d[n ! height4 ,,w9d[s4--,! casem5t w9d[ is *eap] ?an ! sa% w9d[1 & if beauty ( effect is also to be consid]$ its adoption is fur!r desirable4 ,its simplicity & homel9ess ( appe>ance r5d] x extremely fitt+ = ! cottage4 ,! old difficulty ( clean+ may n[ be obviat$ by a v simple device introduc$ at ,b\rnville1 t ( caus+ ! w9d[ to op5 ^u a pivot 9 ! c5tre1 inw>dly z well z outw>dly1 :i* admits ( ! outside ( ! fix$ pane be+ easily rea*$ by ! h&4 ,! sa% w9d[1 :ile objectionable 9 ! =m frequ5tly us$1 may yet be made suitable = cottages2 b x %\ld be divid$1 & ! proportions v c>efully /udi$1 say #i-;94 by #aa-;94 panes1 & ! b>s n less ?an #a 94 9 ?ickness4 ,x %\ld be br\ght =w>d1 %[+ ! full wid? ( ! box+4 ,! sa% w9d[1 h[ev]1 necessitates an additional height to rooms4 ,,bricks4--,z reg>ds bricks1 x is well z f> z possible to avoid ^? :i* are me*anically made 7! press$ /ock-brick7 & to use ! h&-made bricks f local y>ds4 ,! br9dl$ ,/af=d%ire bricks are l>gely us$ at ,b\rnville2 !y are v suitable = cottage build+ :]e ! position is n too expos$4 ,a pleas+ v>iety ( col\r is introduc$ at a l[ co/1 ! t9t be+ a bright *]ry r$ bl5d$ ) blue & purple1 ! blue be+ q diff]5t f ! dead blue-black ( ! vitre\s brick4 ,= inside "w ! common r$ wire-cuts are suitable4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t a good effect _c be obta9$ by ! use ( ! *eap] makes ( bricks1 a rem>k :i* also applies 9 ! case ( ! ,london /ock-bricks1 s long z !y are n uni=mly select$2 a good effect may be ga9$1 = in/ance1 by us+ a few ( ! d>k] ones indiscrim9ately ) ! cream-col\r$ ones4 ,! spla% ( d>k col\r caus$ by ! black ones com+ toge!r is by no means undesirable4 ,a good example ( an effective use ( ^! bricks is to be se5 at ,brew]'s ,e/ate1 ,london4 ,,ro( ,,cov]+4--,! mat]ials to be employ$ 9 ro(+ dep5d ^u ! /yle ( cottage1 & also ^u ! locality4 ,! ,bangor slates are *eap1 & may be an excell5t cov]+ z reg>ds durability2 b un=tunately1 9 ! class ( cottages "h dealt )1 x is r>ely possible to get s good an effect ) !m z ) o!r k9ds4 ,!y may be us$1 h[ev]1 9 ! :itewa%$ cottage1 s long z ! small] sizes are select$4 ,h&-made ro(+ tiles1 & ?ick ,wel% gre5 & ru/ic ,precelly slates may be recomm5d$1 z also ! ,peake's ,h>t%ill h&-made tiles4 ,pantiles are *eap1 b %\ld only be employ$ on unbrok5 ro(s hav+ few valleys1 :]e x is less difficult to keep out ! wet4 ,! ro( %\ld be /eep1 ! angle 9 no case be+ less ?an #de degrees4 ,be=e cov]+1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to asc]ta9 :e!r !y are ( good manufacture1 & :e!r !y are por\s or n4 ,!re are sometimes pantiles ( an indiff]5t quality on ! m>ket2 &1 if ?is precaution is n tak51 a ro( may h to be /ripp$ & re-til$4 ,:]e !y h be5 us$ & h aft]w>ds be5 f\nd to be bad !y may be t>r$1 z are wood cov]+s 9 ,norway & ,sw$54 ,x is always ess5tial t ! s]vices ( a practis$ lay] ( pantiles %\ld be secur$4 ,gables %\ld h damp c\rses "u ! cop+ to %ield !m f fro/ & wet4 ,ro( ridg+ %\ld h c>eful att5tion1 & x is wis] to suppress r ?an to %>p51 ! bett] to obta9 t ru/ic appe>ance suitable to a cottage4 ,_m fanta/ic ridges1 ) vulg> f9ials1 are employ$ 9 ! build+ ( small suburban villas1 ( a m or less %>p-po9t$ "*1 & ( a dep? out ( proportion to ! ro(1 :i* gives an unpleasant h>%ness to ! g5]al appe>ance4 ,) ! pr9ciple 9 view t ! sky-l9e %\ld be s(t5$ z mu* z possible1 ! br9dl$ h&-made half-r\nds %\ld be us$4 ,) gre5 slates1 ridges ( blue are ! mo/ suitable1 z ! col\rs h>monise4 ,exp]i5ce w probably %[ t ! r$ & buff ridges w n /& ! wea!r s well z o!r k9ds4 ,,wall ,,spaces3 ,,r\gh-,,ca/--,,:itewa%--,,half-,,timb]4 --,h[ev] /rong may be ! temptation to introduce a v>iety ( col\r ^u ext]iors1 x is advisable ) cottages ( ! class dealt ) to refra9 f s do+4 ,x is be/ to get ! col\r 9 masses1 treat$ broadly--say1 ea* h\se1 z f> z wall surfaces & ro( are conc]n$1 ( "o col\r2 = :]e ! cottages /& close toge!r1 or ev5 :]e !y are semi-deta*$1 suffici5t contra/ or relief is af=d$ by contigu\s cottages treat$ diff]5tly1 & 9 ! case ( a village a mu* bett] g5]al effect is ?us ga9$4 ,on ! o!r h& a good effect may be ga9$ by giv+ a block ( h\ses "o tone ?r\gh\t1 mat*+ ! col\r ( ! ro(4 ,! result is quiet & unobtrusive1 & "o :i* is v desirable 9 ! cottage1 :]e ! features are necess>ily br\ght close toge!r4 ,! t>r$ pl9?1 h[ev]1 %\ld always be us$ ) r\gh-ca/4 ,half-timb] %\ld be us$ sp>+ly4 ,:ile ! bye-laws insi/ on a #i-;94 wall be+ at ! back1 an unw>rant$ pres5t & future exp5se is incurr$ by its use2 & an effect equally z good1 moreov]1 may be obta9$ ) r\gh-ca/1 wea!r bo>d+1 or :itewa%4 ,half-timb] "o lives to regret1 = ! wea!r tells sadly ^u x1 & x dem&s con/ant repair4 ,a small cottage ) an equal di/ribution ( equal-siz$ w9d[s is f> f desirable4 ,9 a pair ( cottages :]e !re are f\r equal rooms fac+ ! road1 f\r equal w9d[s w\ld at fir/ sight seem unavoidable1 al?\gh su* an arrangem5t w\ld be fatal to ! elevation4 ,x is bett] to put a second>y light to ! rooms at ! extremities1 gett+ additional light f ! side1 & ?us by contra/ giv+ great] importance to ! l>g] w9d[s 9 ! c5tre1 or ev5 to omit ! small] w9d[s1 if adequate light c be obta9$ )\t !m4 ,! blank space might !n be us$ = ! tra9+ up ( climb+ plants4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( w9d[s is indisp5sable 9 a cottage1 b1 )\t /9t+ light1 ! aim %\ld r be to repress any sup]fluity4 ,by ! means sugge/$ ! view f ! int]ior is sometimes agreeably v>i$4 ,o!r features are dealt ) 9 ! descriptions ( ! v>i\s cottages to :i* !y h p>ticul> ref]5ce4 ,,! ,,lay+ ,,out ,,( ,a ,,model ,,village4 ,let x be suppos$ t l& has be5 b\ght to be laid out z a model village4 ,:e!r ?is has be5 done by a company1 a municipal body1 or by an individual1 is n mat]ial to ! pres5t purpose4 ,assum+ t ! selection ( ! site has _h c>eful consid]ation1 & t x is suitable = ! developm5t ( a village1 :at is ! fir/ /ep8 ,be=e turn+ a sod ! cle>e/ conception ( ! f9i%$ s*eme mu/ h be5 =m$4 ,a doz5 cottages or s erect$ be=e consid]+ ! future ( ! :ole project may involve endless tr\ble at a lat] /age4 ,! initial proce$+1 !re=e1 is to make ! g5]al plan z complete & f9al z possible be=e comm5c+ actual op]ations4 ,up to ! pres5t x has be5 ! difficulty ( co-op]ation among l&lords1 p]haps unavoidable1 ei!r by ! piecemeal acquisition ( l& or ! fitful dem& = build+1 :i* has be5 ! cause ( _m ( our t[ns & suburbs be+ ! rev]se ( pleas+4 ,a c5tury or s ago1 :5 dome/ic ar*itecture 0 a traditionally liv+ art1 & build+ 0 conduct$ less hurri$ly1 a c]ta9 *>m ( effect 0 no d\bt obta9$ by ?is accid5tal or fitful ext5sion1 ?\gh conv5i5ce 0 c]ta9ly n always consid]$2 b 9 ! pres5t day we %\ld avail ourselves ( ! opportunity :i* a l>ge or co-op]ative s*eme (f]s = a conv5i5t & agreeable disposition ( build+s4 ,,reg>d ,,( ,,physical ,,features4--,z ! foll[+ sugge/ions d n ref] to any specific example ( l& :i* is to be laid out z a model village1 !y c only be reg>d$ z hav+ g5]al applicability4 ,! treatm5t ( p>ticul> l& dep5ds ^u its peculi> physical features4 ,l& 9 a g5tly undulat+ di/rict1 = in/ance1 mu/ be dealt ) 9 q a diff]5t mann] f t 9 flat c\ntry4 ,! natural features !mselves mu/ be ! basis ( any satisfactory treatm5t1 & !y are to be made ! mo/ (1 n only ) reg>d to _! intr9sic beauty1 b also any mat]ial advantages !y may (f]4 ,,advisory ,,ar*itect4--,if a village is be+ develop$ by an individual 9 a private capacity x is n improbable1 inde$ x is v natural1 t he w expect ! g5]al op]ations to be c>ri$ out 9 accordance ) 8 p>ticul> ta/e or fancy1 :i*1 h[ev]1 may happ5 to be f> f practical or arti/ic1 & 8 s*eme is likely to suff] accord+ly4 ,s too 9 ! case ( an e/ate develop$ by a gov]n+ body consi/+ ( m5 :o are n qualifi$ = ! task1 ! possibility ( failure is equally great4 ,! be/ c\rse is to employ an advisory ar*itect ab\t ^: qualifications !re is no d\bt1 :o %\ld "w 9 conjunction ) ! surveyor f ! outset4 ,x may be sugge/$1 n[ t ! movem5t is mak+ consid]able progress1 t ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects %\ld be ask$ to sugge/ an ar*itect 9 su* cases4 ,a great] v>iety1 h[ev]1 9 ! plan & design ( ! h\ses might p]haps be secur$ by employ+ m ?an "o ar*itect4 ,a man's ideas are liable to run 9 a groove2 & ev5 if v>iation is introduc$ 9 detail !re is likely to be a simil>ity 9 g5]al "*4 ,moreov]1 :]e two or m ar*itects are engag$1 a heal?y rivalry might result 9 ! design+ ( h\ses :i* %all fulfil all ! conditions ( conv5i5ce1 compactness1 & economy4 ,! respective "w ( ! v>i\s ar*itects might be conf9$ to p>ticul> /reets1 b a regul> sy/em ( v>iation %\ld be avoid$4 ,me?od %\ld n be too obtrusive or ! arrangem5t too me*anical4 ,! advisory ar*itect mu/ be select$ ) judgm5t1 = on him w devolve ! work+ out ( ! g5]al road-s*eme1 & ?is w dem& m tal5t ?an ! m]ely practical man possesses4 ,! caution already urg$ aga9/ do+ any?+ on ! e/ate )\t mature consid]ation expressly applies to ! cutt+ ( roads & ! res]vation ( spaces4 ,giv5 a map ( our l&1 ! fancy is n usually sl[ 9 dispos+ ( x2 & x is only ) ! progress ( op]ations1 :5 a numb] ( un=ese5 dem&s make !mselves disagreeably =midable1 t x is se5 h[ wanton ?is ready fancy has be54 ,,! ,,selection ,,( ,,c5tres4--,! fir/ que/ions to be decid$ are ! numb] & positions ( ! c5tres1 = x is to & f ^! t ! mo/ conv5i5t & accessible connections mu/ be plann$1 & ! c5tres !mselves %\ld be res]v$ z ! sites ( p>ks1 pr9cipal build+s1 %ops & ! l4 ,if ! l& is already ent]$ by "o or m turnpike roads :i* may n be div]t$1 ^! %\ld guide ! cutt+ ( ! new roads1 & ! *ief c5tres ( ! village mu/ be made z accessible z possible f !m4 ,if an exi/+ road only approa*es ! l&1 & only "o connection is deem$ necess>y1 ! connection %\ld be con/ruct$ to suit ! village z a :ole1 )\t p>tiality to any "o extremity1 always keep+ ! c5tres 9 view4 ,x is ne>ly always bett] to "w to ! cont\r ( ! l&1 tak+ a g5tle sweep 9 pref]5ce to a /raight l9e4 ,! site ( ! *ief c5tre1 n =gett+ to keep 9 view its g5]al accessibility1 %\ld if possible be on ! highe/ po9t ( ! village1 su* a position giv+ prom95ce ov] ! :ole1 z well z a m impos+ elevation & dignity to ! pr9cipal build+s :i* are to be erect$ !reon4 ,! nature ( ! build+s w\ld dep5d altoge!r on ! size ( ! s*eme4 ,9 ! case ( a g>d5 city !y w\ld possibly include c\ncil *amb]s1 !atre1 museum1 libr>y or o!r monum5tal build+s ( a l "*1 & z l>ge spaces z possible %\ld be res]v$ ar\nd !m = ext5sions & g>d5s4 ,a great city1 9 :i* x has be5 decid$ to build a ca!dral1 has f\nd itself be=e n[ 9 ! dilemma ( hav+ no suitable site available1 & ! monum5t ( beauty has _h to make ! be/ ( begg>ly & ugly neighb\rs4 ,x is z well to pr(it by ! errors ( ! pa/1 & ! utmo/ %\ld !re=e be done to save a g>d5 city or model village f ev] gett+ conge/$ at its *ief c5tre4 ,! o!r c5tres %\ld be places ( di/9ct int]e/1 su* z s*ools1 railway /ation1 or m>ket-place1 b second>y to ! *ief "o4 ,,roads4--,! build+s w n be sky-scrap]s1 & ! roads1 !re=e1 w n1 9 ord] t !y may be v5tilat$1 h to be set out 9 /raight l9es 9 ord] to be w9d-swept1 int]sect+ at unpleas+ "r angles l a gridiron4 ,?\gh ! ma9 /reets %\ld be plann$ ) "s degree ( /raightness = ! conv5i5ce ( gett+ to & f important places1 !re is no reason :y regul>ity %\ld be s\ght aft] = its own sake2 at ! same "t an unnecess>y irregul>ity %\ld be z mu* avoid$4 ,:]e "o /raight road unavoidably meets ano!r at "r angles1 x is a good plan to wid5 ! po9t ( int]section4 ,?is p>ticul>ly applies to a road tak+ a hill /raight--t is1 at its %orte/ l5g?4 ,a pleas+ p]spective w be giv5 by ?us wid5+1 & on ! triangul> space =m$ might be erect$ a f\nta9 or monum5t1 ) or )\t a grass plot4 ,z an alt]native1 if ! gr\nd is too valuable to be s dispos$ (1 ! road might be t]m9at$ by slightly curv+ x to ! left or "r1 & ! corn] rema9+ us$ = build+ ^u4 ,9 ! resid5tial portion ( ! village or g>d5 city1 roads runn+ due ea/ & we/ %\ld be avoid$ if possible4 ,:5 ?is precaution has be5 tak51 mu* s*em+ to get ! sun on ! front z well z ! back ( ! h\se w be sp>$4 ,z is well kn[n1 a kit*5 ) a s\? aspect is unbe>able 9 ! heat ( ! summ]4 ,:]e ! road unavoidably runs ea/ & we/1 ! g>d5s ( h\ses on ! nor? side %\ld occupy ! front & n ! back ( ! plot4 ,trees %\ld be plant$ 9 all roads1 & ! *ief roads %\ld be arrang$ on ! b\lev>d plan1 all[+ ! utmo/ fre$om to ! p$e/rian4 ,a few spaces might be res]v$ = %elt]s1 & ! site = a b&/& might be timely *os54 ,z mu* z possible %\ld be done to give bread? to all ?or\ghf>es1 & to ?is end ! build+-l9e ( ! h\ses %\ld be well back f ! road--?irty feet at lea/--! ample front-g>d5 giv+ a refre%+ gre5ness to ! prospect1 besides a bett] p]spective to ! h\ses4 ,! wid? ( roads %\ld be f =ty to fifty feet1 ) pa?s ( f eight to twelve feet1 n less4 ,m9or op5 spaces1 su* z playgr\nds = "y *ildr51 are pleasant along ! road side1 b road-mak+ is co/ly1 & economy 9 all probability w h to be /udi$2 back l&1 !re=e1 %\ld be utilis$ = !m at ! bottom ( g>d5 plots4 ,,/reet ,,elevations4--,9 build+ a road ( h\ses ! exp5se w\ld ( c\rse be consid]able if to get v>iety a diff]5t plan & diff]5t details 7 employ$ = ea* h\se4 ,o!r me?ods mu/ be adopt$4 ,9 ! case ( tw5ty h\ses x w\ld be well to get z _m details1 su* z w9d[s1 doors1 & door-frames1 ! same 7or1 at any rate1 half ( "o k9d & half ( ano!r71 & monotony %\ld be avoid$ by v>iation 9 ! disposition ( ^! features4 ,an ext5sive elevation may also be made int]e/+ by ! treatm5t ( a por* "h1 ! addition ( a bay w9d[ !re1 & ! use ( r\gh-ca/ some:]e else4 ,an irregul> build+-l9e1 :]e possible1 is to be pref]r$4 ,9 a block ( ?ree cottages a pleas+ effect is ga9$ by project+ or recess+ ! middle "o1 or putt+ x ) its long axis p>allel ) ! road1 & s =m+ a =ec\rt 9 front4 ,,s]vice ,,( ,,natural ,,advantages4--,:atev] natural advantages ! l& may possess1 su* z woods1 pools1 or /reams 7:]e !y are n includ$ 9 a p>k71 %\ld bord]1 or be se5 f1 ! road--t is if !y m]it ! exp5se ( road-mak+4 ,few ?+s are m picturesque ?an a /ream at ! roadside 7z at ,tiss+ton 9 ,d]by%ire71 especially if spann$ "h & !re by small bridges 7z at ,b\rton-on-!-,wat]71 & by _! pres5ce ! road w be wid5$ f h\se front to h\se front4 ,! wat] ( a /ream %\ld nev] be utilis$ = a manufactur+ purpose :]e x aft]w>ds fl[s ?r\gh ! village1 except = g5]at+ electric p[] or o!r clean uses4 ,if !re is an av5ue ( old trees x %\ld be secur$ = "o ( ! roads4 ,,%opp+4--,! *ief %opp+ w be be/ plac$ j )\t & surr\nd+ ! ma9 c5tre1 & t ( less importance r\nd ! m9or c5tres4 ,,factories4--,suppos+ t ! raison d'tre ( ! village or g>d5 city be "o or m indu/ries 9 :i* _m ( ! inhabitants are employ$1 :]e1 x w be ask$1 are ! factories to be plac$8 ,)\t a def9ite example ( l&1 x is difficult to give a def9ite reply4 ,_m ?+s are ess5tial to su* sites--= in/ance1 ! adjac5cy ( a /ream1 riv]1 or railway--& if ! manufactur] transf]s 8 works to ! c\ntry1 he w rightly *oose ! mo/ conv5i5t & advantage\s site = !m t (f]s1 & o!r arrangem5ts w h to be made 9 conc]t ) him4 ,nev]!less1 ! factory or factories %\ld be z f> z possible f ! ma9 c5tre1 t is on ! village or city outskirts4 ,! pref]able position w\ld lie betwe5 ! nor?-ea/ & s\?-we/1 = ! preval5t s\?-we/ w9d w !n c>ry away ! smoke 9 summ]1 :5 ! villag]s indulge 9 outdoor life1 :ile ! nor? & ea/]ly w9ds ( w9t] w c>ry x ov] ! village :5 !y are indoors4 ,scre5s ( trees %\ld be plant$ betwe5 ! village & ! factories z soon z possible4 ,,plots ,,= ,,h\ses4--,z to ! treatm5t ( ! plots = h\ses3 %\ld ! road cut into ! l& x ne$ n necess>ily be levell$1 b tak5 z x is2 ! gables w ?us pres5t a desirable v>iation ( level1 & ! ridge l9e w be less monoton\s4 ,an endeav\r %\ld be made1 h[ev]1 always to get ! plots n less ?an #ah ins4 above ! level ( ! cr[n ( ! road1 o!rwise ! dra9age w be tr\blesome & exp5sive4 ,z soon z ! h\se is erect$1 x is well to set h$ges ( ?orn or bee*1 bo? along ! roadside & betwe5 ! h\ses4 ,until ^! are gr[n1 ! ord9>y iron hurdle1 or light-rail$ wood5 f5ce1 might s]ve4 ,x is advisable to arrange ! build+ plots s t ! h\ses on ei!r side ( ! road d n come exactly opposite ea* o!r2 ! h\ses %\ld be s arrang$ z to face ! op5 space opposite4 ,,g>d5s4--,at ,b\rnville ! av]age g>d5-space all[$ ea* h\se is #fjj squ>e y>ds1 ?is be+ f\nd to be ab\t z mu* z ! av]age man c well att5d to4 7,?is means !re w be f eight to twelve cottages to ! acre47 ,! lay+ out is done prior to ! t5ant's occupation ( ! h\se4 ,a description ( ! way ! ,b\rnville g>d5s are laid out is giv51 ) a plan1 on page #bc4 ,:5 ! h\ses are plac$ at ! end ( ! plot remote f ! road1 any h>d & fa/ l9es 9 ! /yle ( ! g>d5 %\ld be avoid$3 apple & o!r fruit-trees1 or an occasional kit*5-g>d51 may be plac$ 9 a prom95t position1 = ev5 ! trim fl[]-g>d5 might be v>i$ ) advantage4 ,a pref]5ce has already be5 express$ = hav+ ! g>d5 adjac5t to ! h\se r ?an ! allotm5t g>d5 at a di/ance1 b at ! same "t ! latt] plan may be sometimes =c$ ^u u4 ,und\bt$ly ! rivalry t is enc\rag$ among g>d5]s congregat$ toge!r 9 allotm5t g>d5s is good & heal?y1 b ! inconv5i5ce to ! h\sehold ( ! di/ance betwe5 home & g>d5 w\ld sugge/ ! adoption ( ! =m] :5ev] x is possible1 & ev5 :]e !re is an allotm5t !re %\ld /ill be a small plot adjac5t to ! h\se4 ,:ile endeav\r+ to get z mu* light & air space z possible 9 ! village1 x w frequ5tly be f\nd necess>y to erect cottages 9 blocks ( f\r1 & sometimes ( eight4 ,9 ord] to give adequate g>d5-space1 ev5 to small h\ses1 & n 9 long ?9 /rips1 ! frontage ( ! l& w h to be broad2 a rule %\ld be made1 !re=e1 ( spread+ ! h\ses lat]ally by arrang+ ! /aircase ( ea* h\se1 n betwe5 ! back & front rooms1 b betwe5 ! h\ses4 ,?is w br+ ! outside h\ses ne>] to ! extremity ( ! l&1 & w n only give ea* g>d5 ! desir$ /raightness & bread?1 b af=d a great] bread? ( view ^u x f )94 ,9 conclusion1 x might be aga9 /at$ t mo/ ( ! rem>ks "u ?is head--:i* are ma9ly arrang$ f notes tak5 or sugge/$ dur+ ! plann+ & work+ out ( ! ,b\rnville ,e/ate--are broad & sugge/ive r ?an insi/5t1 & x is probable t ! sett+ out ( p>ticul> l& w n admit ( ! adoption ( _m ( ! pr9ciples "h laid d[n4 ,,bradbury1 ,,agnew ,,co41 ,,ld41 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,london ,,& ,,tonbridge4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,illu/rations 9 ?is e,book h be5 position$ betwe5 p>agraphs & adjac5t to :]e !y are discuss$4 ,obvi\s typographical errors & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 ! text & consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4 ,"s hyph5s 9 words h be5 sil5tly remov$1 "s add$1 :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book4 ,except = ^? *anges not$ bel[1 all misspell+s 9 ! text1 & inconsi/5t or ar*aic usage1 h be5 reta9$4 ,pg #ag3 #8necessit+' replac$ by #8necessitat+'4