,,campanalogia3 ,,or ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,ringing ,improved4 ,with plain and easie ,rules to guide the ,practitioner in the ,ringing all kinds of ,changes4 ,,to ,which is added1 great variety of ,,new ,,peals4 ,,london1 ,printed by ,w4 ,godbid1 for ,w4,s4 and are to be sold by ,langley ,curtis in ,goat-,court on ,ludgate-hill4 #afgg4 ,illustration3 ,fleuron ,,to ,,the ,,honoured ,,and ,,to ,his much ,esteemed ,,friends1 ,the ,members of the ,society of ,,colledg ,,youths4 ,gentlemen1 ,as your ,society even ab origine hath deservedly acquired an eminency in many respects above others of this kind2 so more especially for the pregnancy of its ,members in the composing of ,peals4 ,for when the ,art of ,cross-pricking lay enveloped in such obscurity1 that it was thought impossible that double ,changes on five bells could be made to extend farther than ten1 and triple and double ,changes on six farther than sixty2 then it was that a worthy and knowing ,member of your ,society1 to dissipate those mists of ,ignorance1 and to usher in the bright morn of ,knowledg1 prickt those much applauded ,peals of ,grandsire and ,grandsire ,bob2 which for their excellency have for many years together continued triumphant in practice amidst all others whatsoever2 and which indeed have been a great light in the production of that great variety of new ,peals herein contained2 the greatest part of which being also the offspring of your ,society1 ,i therefore thought fit to usher them into the world under the wings of your ,protection4 ,gentlemen1 as a member ,i held my self obliged to add my ,mite to your full fraught ,treasury of ,speculative and ,practical ,knowledg of this kind2 though ,i confess your acquisition on this account will be very mean1 since my want of ability sufficient to undertake a thing of this nature1 and also want of opportunity by converse with others to supply my own defects1 have rendred the ,book less acceptable than it might have been done by some more knowing head and acuter ,pen4 ,and although ,i am conscious that it meriteth not your acceptance2 yet ,i assume the confidence to believe that you will favour it with a kind entertainment amongst you2 and the rather1 for that ,i know you are too judicious to sentence it without first casting into the ballance of your indifferent judgments some ,grains of ,allowance3 ,the countenance you shew it will silence ,detractors1 and be ,armour of proof against the fools bolts which may happen to be soon shot at the ,author1 who is ,gentlemen1 ,a constant well-wisher to the ,prosperity 7though an unworthy member7 of your ,society1 ,f4,s4 ,,errata4 ,courteous ,reader1 ,some few faults have escaped the ,press3 as page #bg line the #dth1 for grateful read graceful4 page #ca4 line the #aith4 for imitatieg read imitating1 with some others1 which you are desired either candidly to amend1 or tasitly to pass over4 ,illustration3 ,fleuron ,,of ,,the ,,art ,,of ,changes4 ,these clear dayes of ,knowledge1 that have ransackt the dark corners of most ,arts and ,sciences1 and freed their hidden mysteries from the bonds of obscurity1 have also registred this of ,ringing1 in the ,catalogue of their ,improvements2 as well the ,speculative as the ,practick part1 which of late years remain'd in ,embryo1 are now become perfect1 and worthy the knowledge of the most ingenious4 ,although the ,practick part of ,ringing is chiefly the subject of this ,discourse1 yet first ,i will speak something of the ,art of ,changes1 its ,invention being ,mathematical1 and produceth incredible effects1 as hereafter will appear4 ,but first1 ,i will premise a word or two1 to shew what the nature of those ,changes are4 ,some certain number of things are presupposed to be changed or varied2 as #b4c4d4e4f4 or any greater number whatsoever2 then the number of things to be so varied must have the like number of fixed places assigned them4 ,as if five men were sitting upon five stools in a row2 the stools are supposed to be fixed places for the five men1 but the men by consent may move or change to each others places at pleasure1 yet still sitting in a row as at first3 now this ,art directs how1 and in what order those five men may change places with each other1 whereby they may sit sixscore times in a row1 and not twice alike4 ,and likewise a ,peal of five ,bells1 being raised up to a fit compass for ringing of ,changes1 are there supposed to have five fixed places1 which time assigns to their notes or strokes2 yet the notes of the ,bells may change into each others places at pleasure3 now this ,art also directs the manner and method of changing the five notes in such sort1 that they may strike sixscore times round1 and not twice alike4 ,the numbers of ,changes are thus to be discovered4 ,two must first be admitted to be varied two wayes2 then to find out the ,changes in three1 the ,changes on two must be multiplied by three1 and the product will be six1 which are the compleat number of ,changes on three4 ,those six ,changes being multiplied by four1 will produce #bd1 which are the compleat number of ,changes on four4 ,the #bd ,changes on four1 being multiplied by five1 will produce #abj1 which are the compleat number of ,changes on five4 ,and in like manner the #abj1 being multiplied by six1 will produce #gbj1 which are the compleat number on six4 ,the #gbj1 being multiplied1 by seven1 will produce #ejdj1 which are the number of ,changes on seven4 ,the #ejdj1 being multiplied by eight1 will produce #djcbj1 which are the number of ,changes on eight4 ,those ,changes on eight1 being multiplied by nine1 will produce #cfbhhj1 which are the number of ,changes on nine4 ,those ,changes on nine1 being multiplied by ten1 will produce #cfbhhjj1 which are the number on ten4 ,those on ten1 being multiplied by eleven1 will produce #ciiafhjj1 which are the number on eleven4 ,those also being multiplied by twelve1 will produce #dgijjafjj1 which are the compleat number of ,changes on twelve4 ,and if twelve men should attempt to ring all those ,changes on twelve ,bells1 they could not effect it in less than seventy five years1 twelve ,lunar ,months1 one week1 and three days1 notwithstanding they ring without intermission1 and after the proportion of #gbj ,changes every hour4 ,or if one man should attempt to prick them down upon ,paper1 he could not effect it in less than the aforesaid space4 ,and #addj being prickt in a sheet1 they would take up six hundred sixty five ,reams of ,paper1 and upwards1 reckoning five hundred ,sheets to a ,ream2 which ,paper at five shillings the ,ream1 would cost one hundred sixty six ,pounds five ,shillings1 ,the reason of the aforesaid ,multiplication1 by which the numbers of ,changes are discovered1 and also that those ,products are the true numbers of ,changes1 will plainly and manifestly appear in these following ,demonstrations4 ,but first1 two must be admitted to be varied two ways1 thus4---- #ab #ba ,and then consequently1 three will make three times as many ,changes as two2 for there are three times two figures to be produced out of three1 and not twice two the same figures1 which are to be produced by casting away each of the three figures one after another4 ,first1 cast away #c1 and #a4b will1 remain2 cast away #b1 and #a4c will remain2 cast away #a1 and #b4c will remain4 ,so that here are three times two figures produced out of the three1 and not twice two the same figures1 as #ab4 #ac4 #bc4 each two may be varied two ways1 as before3 then to the changes which each two makes add the third figure which is wanting2 as to the two changes made by #a4b add the #c1 to the changes on #a4c add the #b1 and to the changes on #b4c add the #a1 and the three figures will stand six times together1 and not twice alike1 as here appeareth4 #abc #bac ------ #acb #cab ------ #bca #cba ------ ,four will make four times as many changes as three4 ,for there are four times three figures to be had out of four1 and not twice three the same figures1 which are to be produced by casting away each of the four figures by turns4 ,first cast away #d1 and #abc will remain2 cast away #c1 and #abd will remain2 cast away #b1 and #acd will remain2 and lastly1 casting away #a1 and #bcd will remain2 so that here is #abc1 #abd1 #acd1 #bcd1 and not twice three the same figures4 ,now each three may be varied six ways1 according to the preceding ,example4 ,then to the six changes which each three makes1 add the fourth figure which is wanting2 as to the six changes on #abc add the #d1 to the six changes on #abd add the #c1 to the six changes on #acd add the #b1 and to the six changes on #bcd add the #a1 which renders the changes compleat2 for then the four figures stand twenty four times together1 and not twice alike1 as here appears4 #abcd #bacd -------- #acbd #cabd -------- #bcad #cbad -------- #abdc #badc -------- #adbc #dabc -------- #bdac #dbac -------- #acdb #cadb -------- #adcb #dacb -------- #cdab #dcab -------- #bcda #cbda -------- #bdca #dbca -------- #cdba #dcba ,five will make five times as many changes as four2 for there are five times four figures to be had out of five1 and not twice four the same figures1 which are to be produced as before1 by casting away each of the five figures by turns4 ,cast away #e1 and #abcd will remain2 cast away way #d1 and #abce will remain2 cast away #c1 and #abde will remain2 cast away #b1 and #acde will remain2 cast away #a1 and #bcde will remain4 ,so that here are five times four figures produced1 and not twice four the same figures4 ,now each four may be varied twenty four ways1 as in the preceding example2 then to the twenty four changes which each four makes1 add the fifth figure which is wanting3 as to the twenty four changes on #abcd1 add the #e2 to the twenty four changes on #abce1 add the #d4 to the changes on #abde1 add #c4 to the changes on #acde1 add #b4 and to the changes on #bcde1 add #a4 which renders the changes compleat1 for then the five figures stand sixscore times together1 and not twice alike4 #abcdeabcedabdecacdebbcdea #bacdebacedbadeccadebcbdea ---------------------------------------- ---------- #acbdeacbedadbecadcebbdcea #cabdecabeddabecdacebdbcea ---------------------------------------- ---------- #bcadebcaedbdaeccdaebcdbea #cbadecbaeddbaecdcaebdcbea ---------------------------------------- ---------- #abdceabecdabedcacedbbceda #badcebaecdbaedccaedbcbeda ---------------------------------------- ---------- #adbceaebcdaebdcaecdbbecda #dabceeabcdeabdceacdbebcda ---------------------------------------- ---------- #bdacebeacdbeadcceadbcebda #dbaceebacdebadcecadbecbda ---------------------------------------- ---------- #acdbeacebdadebcadecbbdeca #cadbecaebddaebcdaecbdbeca ---------------------------------------- ---------- #adcbeaecbdaedbcaedcbbedca #dacbeeacbdeadbceadcbebdca ---------------------------------------- ---------- #cdabeceabddeabcdeacbdebca #dcabeecabdedabcedacbedbca ---------------------------------------- ---------- #bcdaebceadbdeaccdeabcdeba #cbdaecbeaddbeacdceabdceba ---------------------------------------- ---------- #bdcaebecadbedaccedabcedba #dbcaeebcadebdacecdabecdba ---------------------------------------- ---------- #cdbaecebaddebacdecabdecba #dcbaeecbadedbacedcabedcba ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,and in this manner the compleat numbers of changes on six1 seven1 eight1 nine1 ten1 eleven1 twelve1 c4 may also be demonstrated4 ,the numbers of changes will also plainly appear by the methods1 whereby they are commonly prickt and rung4 ,now the nature of these methods is such1 that the changes on one number comprehends the changes on all lesser numbers1 and that so regularly1 that the compleat number of changes on each lesser number are made in a most exact method within the greater2 insomuch that a compleat ,peal of changes on one number seemeth to be formed by uniting of the compleat ,peals on all lesser numbers into one entire body2 which will manifestly appear in the #dgijjafjj changes on twelve3 for that ,peal comprehends the #ciiafhjj changes on eleven2 these likewise comprehend the #cfbhhjj changes on ten1 these changes on ten comprehend the #cfbhhj on nine1 these on nine comprehend the #djcbj on eight1 these on eight comprehend the #ejdj on seven1 these likewise the #gbj on six1 the #gbj also comprehend the #abj on five1 the #abj comprehend the #bd changes on four1 these also comprehend the six changes on three1 and the six comprehend the two changes on two4 ,each of these ,peals 7viz47 on eleven1 ten1 nine1 eight1 seven1 six1 five1 four1 three1 and two1 being made in a most exact method within the changes on twelve4 ,for ,example1 two are first admitted to be varied two ways1 thus---- #ab #ba ,now the figure #c being hunted through each of those two changes1 will produce the six changes on three4 ,the term ,hunt1 is given to a ,bell to express its motion in ,ringing1 which in figures is after this manner4 ,it must lie behind1 betwixt1 and before the two figures3 first behind them thus1 #a #b #c2 then betwixt them1 thus1 #a #c #b2 now before them1 thus1 #c #a #b3 this is called a hunting motion1 and here it has hunted through the first change of the two1 wherein it made three variations1 as appears in the figures1 standing thus in order4---- #abc #acb #cab ,now it must hunt through the other change1 which is #b #a1 in the same manner as before2 that is1 first it must lie before1 then betwixt the two figures1 then behind them1 thus1 #cba1 #bca1 #bac4 ,here it has hunted through again1 wherein it made three more variations2 which three being set directly under the former1 the six variations will then plainly appear1 as in these figures3 where the three figures stand six times together1 and not twice alike4 #abc #acb #cab #cba #bca #bac ,now the figure #d being in like manner hunted through each of those six changes1 will produce the #bd changes on four4 ,first1 therefore it must hunt through the first1 which is #abc1 letter 7a71 then through the second change of the six1 which is #acb1 letter 7b72 then through the third1 which is #cab1 letter 7c71 and so it being hunted through the rest of the changes likewise1 will produce the twenty four changes on four4 7a7#abcd #abdc #adbc #dabc 7b7#dacb #adcb #acdb #acbd 7c7#cabd #cadb #cdab #dcab ,the figure #e being hunted through each of those twenty four changes1 will produce the #abj changes on five1 ,first therefore it must hunt through the first1 which is #abcd1 letter 7a72 then through the second1 which is #abdc1 letter 7b72 then also through the third1 which is #adbc1 letter 7c74 ,in which manner it being hunted through the rest of the twenty four changes1 will produce the #abj on five4 ,and then the figure #f being hunted through each of those sixscore changes will produce the #gbj changes on six4 ,and the figure #g being hunted through each of those #gbj changes1 will produce the #ejdj4 ,in which manner also the eighth1 ninth1 tenth1 eleventh1 and twelfth1 being successively hunted through each ,peal in the aforesaid order1 will at length produce the compleat number of changes on twelve4 ,wherein 'tis observable1 that all the figures1 except two1 have a hunting motion2 which two may properly be term'd the ,center1 about which the rest do circulate4 ,by these methods it is evident1 that every hunting figure hath a certain number of figures assigned1 through which tis constantly to hunt3 as in the aforesaid ,example on twelve1 where the #a4b are assigned for the figure #c to hunt through1 as appears in the six changes before4 ,and in like manner1 #abc are assigned for the figure #d to hunt through2 #abcd are assigned for the figure #e to hunt through2 #abcde for #f to hunt through1 c4 ,now the figure #c hunts as many times through the #a4b4 as those two make changes1 that is1 two times wherein it makes twice three changes1 that is1 six1 as before appeareth4 ,the figure #d hunts as many times through the #abc1 as those three figures make changes1 that is1 six times2 wherein it makes six times four changes1 which amounts to twenty four4 ,the figure #e hunteth as many times through the #abcd1 as those four figures make changes1 that is1 twenty four times2 wherein it makes twenty four times five changes1 which amounts to #abj4 ,the figure #f hunts as many times through the #abcde1 as those five make changes1 that is #abj times1 wherein it maketh #abj times six changes1 which amounts to #gbj4 ,and in like manner the figure #g hunts #gbj times through #abcdef1 wherein it maketh #gbj times seven changes1 which amounts to #ejdj4 ,the eighth hunteth #ejdj times through #abcdefg1 wherein it makes #djcbj changes4 ,the #ith hunteth #djcbj times through #abcdefgh1 wherein it makes #cfbhhj changes4 ,the tenth hunteth #cfbhhj times through #abcdefghi1 wherein it makes #cfbhhjj4 ,the eleventh hunteth #cfbhhjj times through #a4b4c4d4e4f4g4h4i4aj4 wherein it makes #ciiafhjj4 ,and lastly1 the twelfth hunteth #ciiafhjj times through #a4b4c4d4e4f4g4h4i4aj4aa4 wherein it makes #ciiafhjj times twelve changes1 which amounts to #dgijjafjj1 being the compleat number on twelve4 ,by which 'tis evident1 that every hunting figure hunts as many times through its assigned number of figures1 as those figures are capable of making changes1 which in short comprehends the summe and substance of this method1 which is universal from two1 to all greater numbers whatsoever4 7a7#abcde #abced #abecd #aebcd #eabcd 7b7#eabdc #aebdc #abedc #abdec #abdce 7c7#adbce #adbec #adebc #aedbc #eadbc ,if we consider the multitude of different words1 wherewith we express our selves in ,speech1 it may be thought almost impossible that such numbers should arise out of twenty four ,letters2 yet this ,art of variation will produce much more incredible effects4 ,to give an instance thereof1 ,i will shew the numbers of every quantity of ,letters from two to twelve1 that may be produced out of the ,alphabet4 ,the generality of ,words consisting of these quantities1 7viz47 two letters1 three letters1 four1 five1 six1 seven1 eight1 nine1 ten1 eleven1 and twelve letters4 ,there are #ajfbf times four letters to be produced out of the twenty four letters of the ,alphabet1 and not twice four all the same ,letters4 ,there are likewise #dbejd times five letters1 #acdeif times six letters1 #cdfajd times seven1 #gcedga times eight1 #acjgejd times nine1 #aifabef times ten1 #bdifadd times eleven1 and #bgjdaef times twelve4 ,now each quantity being varied by the rules of this ,art1 will produce incredible numbers4 ,first the #ajfbf times four letters1 being multiplied by #bd1 which are the number of ways to vary each four letters1 will produce #beejbd that is to say1 four letters may be produced out of the ,alphabet to stand together after this manner 7a b c d7 two hundred fifty five thousand and twenty four times1 and not twice alike4 ,and in like manner1 the #dbejd times five ,letters1 being multiplied by #abj1 which are the number of ways to vary each five1 will produce #eajjdhj4 ,the #acdeif times six letters1 being also multiplied by #gbj1 will produce #ifijiabj4 ,the #cdfajd1 being multiplied by #ejdj1 will produce #agddcfdafj4 ,the #gcedga1 being multiplied by #djcbj1 will produce #bifedaijgbj4 ,the #acjgejd1 being multiplied by #cfbhhj1 will produce #dgddfgjeaebj4 ,the #aifabef1 being multiplied by #cfbhhjj1 will produce #gaagjjeggbhjj4 ,the #bdifadd1 being multiplied by #ciiafhjj1 will produce #iifchjhjhaibjj4 ,and lastly1 the #bgjdaef time twelve letters1 being multiplied by #dgijjafjj1 will produce #abiebiejejfdifjj1 which products being all added together1 as also #abfif which are the numbers consisting of two and three letters1 the whole will amount to #adjbeefajeabecbj1 wherein there are not two alike1 nor two letters of one sort in any one of them2 which being written or printed on large ,paper in folio1 allowing #ejjj to a sheet1 they would take up #efajbbddb ,reams of ,paper and upwards1 reckoning #ejj sheets to a ,ream3 which ,paper all the ,houses in the ,city and ,liberties of ,london would not contain2 and in quantity doubtless infinitely exceeds all the ,books that ever were printed in the world1 reckoning only one of each ,impression4 ,and at the rate of five shillings the ,ream1 the ,paper would cost #adjbeefaj4e ,pounds sterling2 which is above four times as much as the yearly ,rent of all the ,lands and ,houses in ,england amounts to4 ,and all the people both young and old in the ,city and ,suburbs of ,london 7admitting they are five hundred thousand7 could not speak the like numbers of words under forty years and upwards1 each of them speaking #aejjj every hour1 and twelve hours every day4 ,these prodigious numbers are the more to be admired1 considering that the greatest number of letters in any of them1 exceeds not twelve1 neither are two letters of one sort in any one of them3 but by producing and varying all the greater quantities1 and placing two or more letters of one sort1 or two of one sort and two of another1 with all variety of the like nature that commonly happens in words1 the numbers arising thereby would infinitely exceed the former2 ,and if all the numbers of every quantity of letters from one to twenty four1 together with all the variety as aforesaid1 were methodically drawn out and varied according to the rules of this ,art2 which might easily be performed in respect of the plain and practical method of doing it2 but the infinite numbers of them would not permit a ,million of men to effect it in some thousands of years3 it would be evident1 that there is no word or syllable in any language or speech in the world1 which can be exprest with the character of our ,alphabet1 but might be found literatim and entire therein2 and more by many thousands of ,millions than can be pronounced1 or that ever were yet made use of in any language4 ,i will here give one instance of another kind1 shewing the admirable effects of this ,art1 and so conclude4 ,a man having twenty ,horses1 contracts with a ,brick-maker to give him one hundred pound ,sterling2 conditionally that the ,brick-maker will deliver him as many ,loads of ,bricks1 as there are several ,teams of six ,horses to be produced out of the aforesaid twenty to fetch them1 and not one ,team or ,sett of six ,horses to fetch two ,loads4 ,the ,brick-maker might be thought to have made a very advantageous bargain1 but the contrary will appear4 ,for there are thirty eight thousand seven hundred and sixty several ,teams of six ,horses1 to be produced out of twenty1 and not twice six the same ,horses2 then the ,brick-maker must deliver as many ,loads as there are ,teams1 and each ,load consisting of five hundred ,bricks1 the whole would amount to #aichjjjj1 which being bought for one hundred pounds as aforesaid1 would not cost above five ,farthings a thousand2 and at the rate of thirteen shillings and four pence the thousand1 they amount to twelve thousand nine hundred and twenty pounds ,sterling4 ,but should a contract be made with the ,brick-maker to deliver as many ,loads of ,bricks1 as there are ,teams of six ,horses in each1 to be produced out of the aforesaid twenty1 which shall stand in the ,cart in a differing manner2 that is to say1 although there may be the same ,horses in several ,teams1 yet their places shall be so changed1 that they shall not stand twice alike in any two ,teams4 ,on this account the ,brick-maker must deliver seven hundred and twenty times as many as before2 for there are #chgfj several ,teams as before ,i have shewed3 then each ,team may be placed #gbj ways in the ,cart1 and not twice alike1 which is to be done according to the methods whereby the #gbj changes on six ,bells are rung4 ,so that #chgfj1 which are the number of ,teams1 multiplied by #gbj1 which are the number of ways to vary the six ,horses in each ,team1 the product will be #bgijgbjj1 which are the compleat number of ,teams2 and every ,team carrying one ,load1 consisting of five hundred ,bricks1 the ,whole will amount to #aciecfjjjjj ,bricks4 ,and after the proportion of a hundred and fifty thousand of ,bricks to a ,house1 they would build ninety three thousand and twenty four ,houses2 which are above six times as many as the late dreadful fire in ,london consumed4 ,and at the rate of thirteen shillings and four pence the thousand1 they are worth #figfhjj pounds ,sterling1 which is at least four hundred ,waggon-loads of money1 as much as five ,horses can ordinarily draw4 ,illustration3 ,fleuron ,,an ,,introduction ,to the ,practice of ,,ringing ,as the original design of casting ,peals of ,bells was in order to make pleasant ,musick thereon2 so the ,notes in every ,peal are formed apt for that end and purpose1 every ,peal of ,bells being tun'd according to the principles of ,musick2 for in a ,peal of six ,bells are the six plain ,song-,notes1 whereupon all ,musick consists1 namely1 la sol fa mi re ut4 ,but in regard that in ringing of them the ,notes cannot be had at command1 as the ,notes of other ,instruments may2 therefore1 as the ,practitioners in ancient time found some necessity to cause all the ,notes to strike successively after one another1 so likewise they thought fit in ringing them to place the ,notes in this following order4 ,the least note to lead or strike first1 then the ,note which is the next degree deeper or flatter1 and so the rest of the notes to strike after each other according to their degrees1 the flattest striking last2 in which order the notes were successively reiterated both at fore-stroke and back-stroke1 from the beginning to the end of each ,peal4 ,and at this day the same order is also observed in raising1 ceasing1 and ringing them at a low compass2 wherein each note being confin'd to strike in a certain place1 therefore had they their terms of ,first1 ,second1 ,third1 ,fourth1 ,fifth1 c4 given them1 to denote their order and places of striking2 from whence also the ,bells derive those terms of distinction by which they are now known4 ,although the ringing of a ,peal of ,bells in the aforesaid order1 7which is commonly term'd ,round-ringing7 is in it self ,musical2 yet the ,notes may be so placed in ringing1 that their ,musick may be rendred much more pleasant3 for in ,musick there are ,concords1 which indeed may be term'd the very life and soul of it1 that renders all ,musick exceeding pleasant3 the principal are ,thirds1 ,fifths1 and ,eights2 ,thirds are #a #c4 #b #d4 and such like3 ,fifths are #a #e4 #b #f4 c4 ,eights are #a #h4 #b #i4 #c #aj4 c4 each ,concord consisting of two notes4 ,they may well be termed ,concords1 in respect of their agreement and harmony2 for the two notes 7as if it were by mutual consent7 being struck together at one instant1 or else immediately after one another1 affords delightful melody to the ear2 in which respect1 a peal of five ,bells are capable of making better ,musick than a peal of four2 six better than five2 and more especially will ten or twelve make more excellent ,musick than any lesser numbers can possibly do1 there being greater variety of ,concords therein1 and especially of ,eights4 ,for this ,musical end were changes on ,bells first practised1 changes being nothing else but a moving and placing of the ,notes in ringing1 whereby variety of pleasant ,musick is made2 and as the manner of moving the notes1 is1 for two notes to change places with each other1 therefore are they called ,changes4 ,the methods of changes being somewhat intricate1 ,i have therefore penn'd the following ,treatise as a ,clue to guide the ,practitioner through the ,labirinth of them1 wherein ,i have made use of figures to represent the notes of ,bells1 the manner thus4 ,in a peal of five ,bells there are five several notes1 which with figures are thus exprest1 #a #b #c #d #e3 the figure #a represents the least or sharpest note1 which is term'd the ,first1 because its place in round ringing is to lead2 this note is most commonly called the ,treble4 ,the figure #b represents the note which is the next degree deeper or flatter1 and is term'd the ,second1 because it strikes in the second place4 ,and in like manner #c represents the note of the third ,bell1 #d the note of the fourth ,bell1 and #e the note of the ,fifth or ,tennor4 ,in which manner1 the figures in all the following methods do likewise represent the notes of ,bells4 ,since the ringing of changes requires the peal of ,bells1 on which the changes are to be rung1 to be first raised up to a set ,pull1 which compass is most proper for the ringing of them2 therefore the ,learners first practice must be to raise a ,bell true in peal1 to ring it at a low compass1 and also to cease it true in peal1 wherein consists the chief grounds of this ,art1 which depends on the ,ear1 and therefore much judgment is required therein4 ,and to speak the truth1 most practitioners are in these days somewhat deficient herein2 the ringing of changes having generally diverted the ,learners fancy from the practice of raising1 round-ringing1 and ceasing1 by which means we have in a manner lost one ,excellency in the pursuit of another4 ,therefore ,i could wish that the ,practitioners of this ,art would set a greater esteem on true ,ringing in general1 since the only excellency as well in the ringing of ,changes as ,rounds1 depends thereon3 the keeping of time being as essential to render all kinds of ringing pleasant to the ear1 as 'tis to render any other kind of ,musick2 therefore the practitioner ought to have a ,musical eare1 and to have some judgment in beating time1 without which he can never ring his ,bell true in its place4 ,a prospect of true ringing at any certain compass under the ,sett1 may thus be taken2 for ,instance1 in ringing a peal of #e ,bells2 from the fore-stroke of every note to the next fore-stroke of the same note1 there ought to be eleven punctums or ,beats of time1 which are all supposed to stand at quidistances3 now in ten of these punctums1 the five notes ought exactly to strike at the fore-stroke and back-stroke1 and the eleventh stands as a ,cypher to guide the ,treble-note at fore-stroke to a double proportion of time from the ,tennor-note at back-stroke3 which blank punctum must also be beaten in the same place by every note1 to render its fore-stroke answerable to that of the ,treble4 ,for example2 the third note having struck at fore-stroke1 it must beat eleven punctums of equidistance unto its striking there again4 ,the first punctum is that of the #dth note1 the second #e1 the third #a1 the fourth #b1 the fifth #c1 the sixth #d1 the seventh #e1 the eighth #j1 the ninth #a1 the tenth #b1 the eleventh its own place of striking again at fore-stroke4 ,these punctums or ,beats of time1 must be proportioned either wider or closer1 according to the compass of the ,treble3 therefore first the ,treble must fix its compass certain and true at fore-stroke1 which ought to be proportionate to what the number of the notes1 and compass of the peal of ,bells1 may according to judgment permit2 and then from one fore-stroke of it to the next1 if there are five notes2 there ought to be eleven punctums of equidistance assigned1 wherein the notes should exactly strike 7except the blank7 as before4 ,from hence 'tis1 that the most judicious ,ringer ought to be put to the ,treble2 for that bell cannot possibly be rung true by any other means than by beating of its own time2 and although the exactness of true ringing requires the like in every note1 when once the compass is fixed1 yet the leading note being rung true1 may be a guide to the rest of the notes1 which may tolerably take their measures of time from the ,treble-note3 but for every note to take its measure of time solely from the next preceding note1 must needs be very erronious2 for thereby they implicitely lead one another out of the way4 ,or else in the ringing of five bells1 from the fore-stroke of every note to the next fore-stroke of the same note1 there may be one and twenty punctums or beats of time assigned1 to stand at equidistances2 and the five notes1 as they follow one another1 at the fore-stroke and back-stroke to strike in every second punctum1 except the ,treble-note at fore-stroke1 which must strike in the third punctum from the ,tenor at back-stroke2 so that then there will be two of those spaces betwixt every note1 and three betwixt the note of the ,tenor at back-stroke and the note of the ,treble at fore-stroke1 which possibly by some may be held a better compass than the former3 but quot homines tot sententi4 ,every ,practitioner1 that has judgment to beat his own time1 has the advantage of ringing his bell true1 whilst the rest of the notes commit faults2 for the compass being once fixed1 as many bells as do either rise or fall from thence commit errors4 ,the truest way of raising a peal of bells according to the best of modern practice1 is1 as quick as may be2 every ,ringer taking assistance to raise his bell1 according as the going of it requires4 ,in raising of them1 the lesser bells as the ,treble c4 ought at the first pull to be swayed very deep1 and held down in the sway by strength of armes as much as may be1 to delay the time of their first striking1 by which means the bigger bells1 which carry a large compass1 may have space to come in2 and the raising of the smaller bells to be continued with a strong pull1 giving them scope over head 7for the aforesaid reason7 untill they come up ,frame-high1 or thereabouts1 and then the pull to be slacken'd1 and the bells leisurely to be raised to the intended height or pitch4 ,the bigger bells of the peal1 as the ,tenor c4 must in their first raising be checkt or pinch'd over head1 by which means the notes of all the bells may be made to strike round in their due place and order from the beginning2 and observe1 that at the first pull all the bells must follow one another as close as may be4 ,a peal of bells may thus be ceased3 the falling of the bells from a ,sett-pull must gradually be done1 by checking them only at ,sally1 until the low compass renders the ,sally useless2 and when they are ceased so low1 that they scarce strike at back-stroke for want of compass3 then he that rings the ,treble1 may give notice 7by stamping on the ground7 that the next time the bells come to strike at the fore-stroke1 they may be checkt down so low as to cease their striking at the back-stroke1 yet their striking round at the fore-stroke may be continued1 until they are brought into a chime1 which is a graceful conclusion of a peal4 ,in raising of a peal of bells1 all the notes ought to strike round at one pull3 but mistake me not1 ,i do not mean at the first pull2 for at small bells 'tis usual to sway them all round at the first pull without striking2 at the second pull to strike them at the fore-stroke1 and at the third pull at back-stroke4 ,in raising of a peal of more weighty bells1 'tis usual to strike them double at the fourth pull1 because the extraordinary weight and large compass of the hind-bells permits it not to be done sooner4 ,in the first raising of a peal of bells1 one bell ought not to strike before the rest1 or to miss striking when the rest go round3 neither ought any bell in ceasing to strike after the rest1 or to leave striking before the rest2 all which1 according to the strictness of true ringing1 are accounted great faults4 ,the peal of bells on which the changes are to be rung1 must first be raised up to a ,sett-pull1 which compass is most proper for the ringing of changes2 for then the notes of the bells may be had at command4 ,therefore before the young ,practitioner can be capable of ringing changes1 he must be extraordinary well skill'd in the managing of a bell at a ,sett-pull1 which is absolutely requisite1 for this reason3 ,in the ringing of changes1 his mind will be so busied and wholly taken up with the consideration of the course and method of them1 and his eye continually wandring about to direct his pull in the following of the other bells2 that unless he has extraordinary skill in the managing of his own bell1 and can set it in a manner hood-winkt1 he will be apt either to drop or overturn it2 or else on the other hand1 for want of skill1 his eye and mind will be so fixed on his own rope and bell to guide the managing of it1 that he cannot at the same time mind the course of the changes1 and then no wonder if he is in a wood1 which consequently follows2 and indeed hence partly 'tis1 that the ,learners in their first practice do oftentimes toil and moil themselves to so little purpose4 ,therefore 'tis not enough that the young ,practitioner can set a bell it may be half a score times together1 when 'tis an even wager that he either drops or overturns it in those ten-pulls3 but he must be so perfectly skill'd1 as that he might adventure to lay ten to one1 that he can set it thirty or forty times together1 both fore-stroke and back-stroke1 without dropping or overturning it1 and without looking directly either on his hands or rope whilst he sets it4 ,therefore in his practice of setting a bell1 he may cast his eye about on the other bell-ropes whilst he manageth his bell1 whereby he may accustom himself to manage it as the ringing of changes requires4 ,the ringing of changes is performed1 partly by the ear1 and partly by the eye2 the ear informs when to make a change1 the eye directs the pull in the making of it1 but then again the ear guides the striking of the note true in its place according to time4 ,so that the ear and eye have each of them its proper object in the ringing of changes1 and therefore ought at the same time to be absolutely free from all others whatsoever1 the notes of the bells being the object of the ear1 and the bell-ropes the object of the eye4 ,now these two ,senses in the time of ringing do each of them thus perform its office4 ,first1 the ear1 as a ,sentinel1 discovers the near approaching change1 and also the place wherein his note lies1 that is1 whether before or behind the note wherewith 'tis to make a change1 and gives present information to the eye1 to perform its part accordingly in the making of it2 but then again the eye refers it to the ear1 to place the note true in striking4 ,but questionless 7by the bie7 the truest ringing of changes is to be performed only by the ear2 but then the ,practitioners must be capable to judg of time1 and to beat it true1 which must be the only direction to guide their pull2 and then it must be performed at a peal of bells that may be managed with ease3 and being so fitted in all respects1 the changes may doubtless be rung more true1 with greater pleasure to the ,practitioners1 and much more free from mistakes and forgets1 only by the ear1 than by making use of the eye to direct their pull4 ,but in regard that either the ill going of the bells1 or want of fit accomplishments in the practitioners1 may render it unfit for common practice2 therefore the surest way is to ring both by the eye and ear1 as ,i said before4 ,now to render the eye and ear rightly useful in the ringing of changes1 five things ought by the young ,practitioner to be well understood4 ,first1 he must be able to distinguish the notes of a peal of bells1 and to know one from another in the time of ringing4 ,secondly1 he must apprehend the places of the notes4 ,thirdly1 the precedency of notes4 ,fourthly1 the manner of making a change in ringing4 ,fifthly1 a general prospect of the manner of putting the four preceding notions into practice4 ,observation #a4 ,the ,learner must be able to distinguish the notes of a peal of bells one from another1 and to know them asunder2 as the ,treble-note from the ,second1 the ,second from the ,third1 c4 which1 tis true1 may readily be done in round ringing1 because each note may be known by the place wherein it constantly strikes2 but in ringing of changes it is more difficult4 ,for admitting that six bells should strike in this order1 #e4c4f4a4d4b4 it might puzzle an unskilful ear to judg which is the ,treble1 or which the ,second note1 especially whilst any other note strikes betwixt them3 and the like difficulty might happen in distinguishing the rest of the notes1 as the #b;d from the #c;d1 c4 ,to remove this difficulty1 he must endeavour to acquire some skill in tuning the notes of a peal of bells1 with his voice1 which he may do by imitating the notes of the bells when he hears them ring3 or else any person that has skill in singing1 will presently direct him therein1 and also how to take the true pitch of any notes with his voice1 which will be the only means to distinguish them asunder4 #ab #cde ,observ4 #b;d4 ,the ,learner must rightly apprehend the places of the notes1 which ,i think cannot better be done than by this means4 ,considering that the notes of a peal of bells do all strike one after another at the fore-stroke1 and the like at back-stroke2 it might be requisite for him to imagine1 that the notes in their striking do lie in a direct line1 that is1 in a row at the fore-stroke1 and the like again at back-stroke2 for then the places of the notes will much resemble the places of the figures wherewith the changes are prickt3 for as the figures of every change do all stand in a row2 so likewise the notes of the bells1 being imagined to strike in the like row1 he may the more readily apprehend the places of the notes1 and consequently of changing them4 ,for the practick part of this ,art1 is performed by means of imaginary1 not real notions2 which will thus manifestly appear4 ,this is the platform of a ,frame1 wherein five bells may be supposed to hang in a ,steeple1 the figures therein representing the places wherein the five bells hang4 ,now in the sixscore changes on five bells1 we will suppose the ,treble to be the whole ,hunt1 and to hunt up first over the ,second1 then over the ,third1 c4 ,now the ,treble cannot really move out of the place wherein it hangs2 but by delaying its striking untill the ,second ,bell has struck1 it may by that means strike next after it2 and again1 by delaying its striking until the ,third has struck2 it may also strike next after that1 this being the true manner of the changes2 by which 'tis evident1 that the bells have neither really such places nor motion as is pretended1 but is meerly imaginary1 and was at first feigned only as a ,guide to direct the ,practitioner's apprehension in the ringing of them4 ,so that although the art of changes is in it self a real thing1 yet the notions by which they are reduced to practice on bells1 are not so4 ,for which reason1 the several practitioners of this ,art1 before they can become expert1 are fain to form in their minds imaginary notions to guide them2 some after one manner1 some perhaps after another1 according to their several fancies1 yet all tending1 to render the methods of changes practicable on bells2 and having once form'd in their minds such imaginary helps1 they become expert in short time3 and then no sooner do they understand the methods of changes prickt with figures1 which they commonly discover at first view2 but they are presently capable of ringing them readily on bells1 which experience daily testifies4 ,and hence it is1 that oftentimes the ,learners1 although they perfectly understand the methods of changes prickt1 and also can perfectly manage a ,bell2 yet for want of a right apprehension of the nature of changing the notes1 which of themselves it may be they cannot soon attain1 are therefore much puzzled in their first practice of ringing changes4 ,therefore as a guide1 the ,learner must first form in his mind a fit representation of the places of the notes2 which ,i think cannot better be done1 than by imagining each note to be a figure2 as the ,treble-note to be the figure #a1 the second note the figure #b1 the third note the figure #c1 and the like of the rest4 ,then whensoever he hears a peal of bells ring1 let him by strength of imagination conceit1 that each note bears the shape of a figure2 that is1 at the same instant of time that the note strikes1 he may imagine that it leaves the impression of the figure behind it1 and that with the eye of his imagination he perfectly sees it3 and likewise as the notes of the bells do all strike after one another at the fore-stroke1 so he may imagine that they lie in a row in the shape of figures2 and the like again at back-stroke4 ,for instance3 suppose that five ,muskets were charged with five bullets1 and that each bullet bears the shape of a figure2 one ,gun to be charged with the figure #a1 another with the figure #b1 and the other three ,guns with these three figures1 #c4 #d4 #e4 ,then supposing a straight line were drawn upon the wall1 thus -------------------- and that the five ,muskets were by five men levell'd against the line1 which is to be the mark for them to shoot at2 the figure #a to be first shot off1 then the figure #b1 and so the rest in order immediately after one another3 now at the same instant of time that the ,guns are heard to go off1 the five figures would appear in a row upon the wall1 thus4 ,illustration3 -#a-b-c-d-e- ,so in like manner when he hears a peal of five bells strike after one another at the fore-stroke1 and again at back-stroke1 he may imagine that at the very instant of their striking their notes appear to his apprehension in the shape of the five figures1 and that they strike in a row1 thus1 #a #b #c #d #e1 as if each ,bell were a ,gun1 and had shot out its note in the shape of a figure4 ,there being necessity that the young ,practitioner must either imagine each note to be a real figure1 or else a representative3 for as the ear is to be his guide to direct when to make each change2 so a right apprehension of the motion and places of the notes1 must be a means to guide his ear4 ,now in regard that the changes are first prickt with figures1 from whence the notes of the bells derive their course1 therefore if in ringing he imagine each note to be a real figure1 then the same knowledge that guides the pricking1 guides also as readily the ringing of them1 for then the note of his bell is supposed to have the same course with that of a real figure4 ,but if he imagines that each note is not a real1 but a representative of a figure2 then consequently it must only have the like1 and not the same course3 by which means1 whilst he is ringing of changes1 his mind must have frequent recourse to his ,pocket1 that is1 to the changes there prickt2 from whence he must continually fetch instructions to direct the course of his ,bell1 which is oftentimes the case of the ,learner3 his thoughts in the time of ringing being commonly upon the figures that are prickt1 either upon paper1 or else upon the ,steeple-wall1 whilst it should be wholly intent upon the notes4 ,therefore in a word1 the ,practitioner whilst he is ringing of changes1 must fix his mind fully and wholly upon the notes of the bells1 and not permit it in the least to wander from thence2 for the notes are to be the sole object of the thoughts in the time of ringing4 ,the notes being imagined to strike in a row as aforesaid1 their places will then soon be understood4 ,the notes do take their places according to their successive order of striking both at fore-stroke and back-stroke2 each succeeding note taking its place next to that which preceds it3 for whatsoever bell leads either at fore-stroke or at back-stroke1 its note lieth in the first place of the supposed row of notes2 and that which strikes next after the leading note1 its note lieth in the second place of the supposed row of notes1 and so the rest in the like order4 ,as if five bells should strike thus after one another either of fore-stroke or back-stroke1 #e #d #a #b #c4 here the #eth lieth in the first place1 because it was first struck2 the #dth in the second place1 because it was second struck2 the ,treble in the third place1 because it was third struck2 the #b;d in the fourth place1 because it was fourth struck2 and the #c;d in the last place1 because it was last struck2 and the like of the notes in every change4 ,observ4 #c4 ,the next thing to be understood by the ,learner1 is the precedency of the notes4 ,now whereas in the ringing of changes1 the notes do all strike after one another at the fore-stroke1 and again at the back-stroke1 therefore are they said to lie before or behind each other1 according to their places of striking4 ,as if five men were standing in a row1 as these five figures represent1 #a #b #c #d #e1 the first man to stand at the fig4 #a1 the second man at the figure #b1 c4 and that they stand with their faces all one way1 that is1 the first man ready to lead1 and the rest to follow him one behind another4 ,now the first man stands before the rest1 and the fifth man behind the rest2 the second man stands behind the first man1 but before the third2 the third man stands behind the second1 but before the fourth2 and the fourth stands behind the third1 but before the fifth4 ,in which manner the notes being supposed to strike in the like row1 may also be laid to lie before or behind each other as the men did4 ,for whatsoever note leads either at fore-stroke or back-stroke1 is said to lie before the rest2 and that which strikes last1 to strike behind the rest4 ,the note which lieth in the second place1 as on the one hand it lieth behind the leading note1 so on the other hand it lieth before the note in the third place4 ,as the note in the third place lieth behind the note in the second place1 so it lieth before the note in the fourth place4 ,and in like manner1 every note is said to lie behind those that strike before it1 and before those that strike after it4 ,observ4 #d4 ,a ,change is to be made betwixt two notes1 by moving them into each others places2 wherein 'tis to be observed as a general ,rule1 ,that every change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next to each other4 ,as if five bells were ringing round in this order1 #abcde1 the #a and #b may make a change1 or #b and #c1 or likewise #c and #d1 or #d and #e1 because each two lie next each other2 but the #a and #c cannot1 because #b strikes between them1 much less may #a and #d1 c4 ,the two notes which make every change1 moves into each others places in the making of it2 wherein one note is said to move up1 and the other down4 ,the reason why one of them is said to move up1 is1 because he that rings that bell1 in the making of the change must hold it up at the ,sett a little longer than ordinary1 to delay its striking1 whereby 'tis made to follow the other note which before it preceded2 and because 'tis so held up1 therefore 'tis said to make an ,up-change1 or to move up3 and on the contrary1 the reason why the other note is said to move down1 is1 because he that rings it1 pulls down the bell a little sooner than ordinary1 to make it strike before the note which before it followed2 and because 'tis so pulled down1 therefore it is said to make a ,down-change1 or to move down4 ,i will here give a short though certain rule to know when an ,up-change or a ,down-change is to be made3 whensoever any note moves to strike behind the note wherewith it makes a change1 it makes an up-change in doing it2 and whensoever it moves to strike before the note1 which 'tis to make a change with1 it makes a down-change in doing it3 so that every note which moves fromward the leading-note1 makes an up-change2 and when it moves toward the leading-note1 it makes a down-change4 ,i will here shew the manner of making a change3 admitting that a peal of five bells were raised to a sett-pull1 which is the usual compass for ringing of changes2 the notes are first supposed to strike in this order1 #abcde4 ,now a change may be made betwixt any two notes that strike next each other2 ,i will here make it betwixt the #c;d4 and #dth4 which is to be done by moving them into each others' places4 ,now 'tis observable1 that before the making of the change1 the #c;d4 note lies before the #dth4 that is1 it strikes next before the #dth2 and the #dth4 lies behind the #c;d4 that is1 it strikes behind it3 now in the making of the change1 the #c;d4 must move to strike behind the #dth3 wherein it makes an up-change2 and the #dth4 note at the same time must move to strike before the #c;d4 wherein it makes a down-change2 the change being made1 the bells will strike thus1 #abdce4 ,all changes whatsoever are made in the aforesaid manner3 for as the #c;d note made an up-change in moving to strike behind the #dth1 and the #dth at the same time a down-change in moving to strike before the #c;d2 so in like manner the two notes that make every change1 must in the making of it move the one up1 and the other down1 as the #c;d and #dth here has done4 ,the ,learner may take notice1 that in ringing termes 'tis not usual to say1 that a bell makes an up-change1 or a down-change2 but in short1 that it moves up or down1 which implies the former4 ,when a note makes an up-change1 'tis then said to move over the other note2 and when it makes a down-change1 to move under it3 as in the next preceding example1 where the #c;d note is said to move up over the #dth1 and the #dth down under the #c;d1 in which manner the terms over and under are given to the two notes that make every change4 ,observ4 #e4 ,in the time of ringing changes1 two things are by the ,practitioners to be well considered4 ,first1 to observe and readily to know1 which two bells are always to make the next succeeding change3 ,secondly1 if he is concern'd therein1 to consider what bell he is to follow in the making of it4 ,upon a right knowledge of these two things1 depends the ,practick part of this ,art4 ,to make him expert herein1 he must before hand perfectly understand1 and readily remember the course and method of the changes prickt with figures1 wherein he ought to be so well skill'd1 as to be able to prick them down divers ways1 that is1 to make any figure a ,hunt at pleasure2 which when he can readily and speedily do1 without pausing to consider of the course1 then 'tis presumed that he understands the methods throughly4 ,but yet he will not be capable to put them in practice1 untill he understands the manner of making a change in ringing2 neither can he understand that1 until he understands the precedency of the notes2 nor the precedency1 until he understands the places2 nor the places1 until he knows the notes one from another4 ,therefore the four preceding observations being first perfectly understood1 and also the methods of the changes as before2 the ,practitioner may then successfully proceed in the ringing of changes2 and as a further help therein ,i will here instruct him4 ,there are three bells concern'd in the making of every single change1 except only when 'tis made behind1 and then but two3 whensoever the note of his bell is to make a change with any other note1 his ear must then inform him whether it lies before or behind the other note2 if it lies before1 then in making the change it must move up behind it1 that is1 to follow it2 and consequently1 he must draw down his bell next after that which he makes a change with1 which is called an up-change1 as ,i said before4 ,but if the note of his bell lies behind the other1 then in making of the change it must move down to strike before it1 and consequently he must draw down his bell next after that which the other before followed1 this being a down-change4 ,so that the making of an up-change is very easie1 because he must always follow that bell which he makes a change with2 but a down-change is more difficult1 because he cannot so readily apprehend what bell he is to follow2 yet there is a certain rule for it1 which is this3 to observe beforehand what note strikes the next but one before his1 which bell he must follow in the making of the change4 ,whensoever the two notes1 which strike next before his note1 are to make a change2 he must consider1 that notwithstanding his note is to lie still in its place1 yet he is concern'd therein1 because the bell which he followed before the making of the change1 must in the making of it move away down1 and therefore he must follow the bell that comes into its place4 ,the changes are to be rung1 either by walking them1 as the term is2 or else ,whole-pulls1 or ,half-pulls4 ,by walking them1 is meant1 that the bells go round four1 six1 eight times or more in one change2 which way is very proper for young ,practitioners1 to introduce them into a more ready way of ,practice2 for whilst the bells go round divers times in one change1 they have in the mean time leisure to consider which two bells are to make the next following change1 and also what bell each of them is to follow in the making of it2 and so by diligence in practice they will by degrees acquire a more ready skill to enable them to ring at whole-pulls4 ,whole-pulls1 is1 when the bells go round at the fore-stroke and back-stroke in a change2 and every time they are pull'd down at ,sally1 a new change is made4 ,whole-pulls was the general practice in former times2 and indeed1 considering the manner of the hanging of the bells in those days1 they could not well be rung at half-pulls3 but since the improvement of the ,art of ,bell-hanging1 that is1 with round ,wheels1 trussing them up in the ,stock1 and placing the ,roll at right ,angles with the ,sole of the ,wheel2 the bells go much better1 and are managed with more ease at a ,sett-pull than formerly3 therefore the changes are now generally rung at half-pulls1 that is1 at the fore-stroke one change1 at the back-stroke another1 and so throughout4 ,in ringing half-pulls1 some peals of changes will cut compass1 wherein the whole ,hunt comes always to lead at the back-stroke2 to prevent which1 make the first change of the peal at the back-stroke4 ,in plain and single changes on six bells1 to hunt 7that is1 whole ,hunt7 the ,treble1 third1 or fifth1 down at the beginning of a peal cuts compass1 unless prevented as before4 ,also to hunt the second1 fourth1 or sixth up at the beginning of a peal1 cuts compass1 unless prevented as before4 ,which rules1 leaving out the ,tenor1 serves in like manner to prevent cutting compass on five bells4 ',tis convenient in ringing1 to give notice of the extream changes1 and he that rings the slowest ,hunt1 may best do it4 ,the manner of it is1 to say ,extream1 when the leading bell is pulling down1 in order to make the change next before the extream2 by which means there will be one compleat change betwixt the warning and the extream3 longer warning would be too much1 and shorter too little4 ,the divers kinds of changes on ,bells may be comprehended under two heads1 viz4 ,plain ,changes1 and ,cross ,peals1 which terms are comparatively given3 for as the first are plain and easie only in comparison to the methods of the second2 so consequently the second cross and intricate in comparison to the methods of the first4 ,i will first shew in what respect they differ1 and then proceed to the methods4 ,plain changes 7,i mean compleat peals7 are such as have one universal method1 wherein all the notes except three have a direct hunting course1 moving gradually under each other in one plain and uniform order4 ,but the methods of cross peals are various1 each peal having a course differing from all others3 and although most of them have ,hunts1 yet the ,hunts have different kinds of motions1 and some very intricate4 ,moreover plain changes are also term'd ,single changes1 because in the ringing of them there is only a single change made in the striking of all the notes once round either at fore-stroke or back-stroke2 whereas in cross changes 'tis usual to make as many changes as the number of notes will permit4 ,for example1 supposing that a peal of #e bells were raised1 and rung at a ,sett-pull2 the notes are supposed to strike round in this order1 #abcde3 now any two of the notes that strike next together may make a change1 therefore either a single or a double change may be made at pleasure4 ,the single change is made by changing only two notes2 the double change is made by changing four notes1 that is1 two to make one change and two another1 yet 'tis called one double change1 and not two changes1 in regard 'tis made in the striking of the five notes of the bells once round3 as1 admit the treble1 second1 third1 and fourth1 should make a change1 'tis thus to be done1 #badce1 where the ,treble and ,second made one change1 and #c1 #d another2 which we will imagine to be made at the fore-stroke of the bells1 and therefore 'tis called one double change1 and not two changes1 because 'tis entirely made in the striking of the five notes once round4 ,so that this one double change has effected that which would have required two single changes to have done the like4 ,for instance1 there can but two notes change their places at once in a single change1 therefore the ,treble and ,second shall first change their places thus1 #bacde2 then the third and fourth thus1 #badce3 so that here the five notes have gone twice round to effect that1 which in the double change was done in going once round4 ,and this is the nature of the difference between ,plain and ,cross changes4 ,as the ,learner ought to proceed regularly in his practice1 beginning first with the plainest and easiest methods4 ,i will therefore observe that order1 and first shew the course and methods of ,plain changes4 ,the ,changes on two ,bells4 ,two bells are capable to make only two changes1 which is to be done by changing the notes twice1 as in these figures4---- #a #b #b #a #a #b ,the ,changes on three ,bells4 ,there are six changes on three bells2 which are made by this rule3 the two first and two last notes must be changed by turns4 #abc ,first the two first notes1 which are #a #b thus4 #bac ,the two last1 which are #a #c1 thus4 #bca ,the two first #cba ,the two last #cab ,the two first #acb ,the two last #abc ,in these six changes 'tis observable1 that the two first notes1 which were #a #b1 made the first change of the six2 but they may as well be rung by #abc beginning with the two last notes1 which are #b1 #c thus---- #acb ,next the two first notes1 which are #a #c1 thus1 #cab ,the two last #cba ,the two first #bca ,the two last #bac ,the two first #abc ,the six changes can be rung no more than these two ways here set down4 ,the ,six changes are sometimes rung by observing a hunt therein1 which is very improper1 since every note has a like course4 ,yet ,i confess in demonstrating the methods on twelve1 ,i did there admit a ,hunt into the six changes2 but that was only for demonstration sake4 ,the compleat peals of plain changes1 from three to all greater numbers whatsoever1 as the ,twenty four changes on four1 the ,sixscore on five1 the ,seven hundred and twenty on six1 c4 are prickt and rung by one method2 all the notes having a hunting-motion1 except only three in each peal1 which three do make the six changes in the same manner as they are before prickt4 ,so that the ,six changes on three may be term'd the basis or foundation of the compleat peals on all greater numbers4 ,every ,hunting note in each peal has a certain number of notes assigned1 through which 'tis always to hunt4 ,the term hunt is given to a note in respect of the manner of its motion1 which ,i will shew in this example4 ,first1 the notes of four bells are supposed to strike round in this order1 #abcd4 ,the ,treble shall be the ,hunt1 and the other three assigned or appointed for it to hunt through4 ,now whereas the ,treble-note leads1 it must move through its assigned number to strike behind them3 and whereas every change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next each other1 as ,i have shewed before in the #dth ,observation2 therefore the hunting-note is confin'd to move gradually through the rest by making a change with each note that strikes next to it2 and accordingly it must first move into the #b;d place1 next into the #c;d place1 and lastly into the #dth4 ,so that 'tis to make a change with every note that lies behind it2 first with the #b;d note1 next with the #c;d1 and lastly with the #dth4 #abcd ,the first change is thus #bacd ,the second thus #bcad ,the third thus #bcda ,the hunting note has here moved through its assigned number2 for whereas at first it did lead1 now it strikes behind them4 ,wherein 'tis observable1 that it made up changes all the way2 which of necessity it must do1 because every note with which it was to make a change1 lay behind it3 and because it made up changes1 therefore 'tis said to have hunted up4 ,the hunting-note shall now move through its assigned number again1 to lead as at first4 ,therefore first it must move into the #c;d place1 then into the second place1 and lastly into the first place1 which is called the ,treble's place2 in which motion it must make a change with each note that strikes next before it3 first with the #dth note1 next with the #c;d1 then with the #b;d4 ,the first change thus#bcad ,the second thus #bacd ,the third thus #abcd ',tis observable1 that here the ,treble made down-changes all the way1 which of necessity it must do1 because every note with which it was to make a change1 lay before it3 and because it made down-changes1 therefore it is said to have hunted down4 ,this is the manner of the motion of the hunting notes in all peals of plain changes2 for they hunt up and down through their assigned number1 as the #a here has done4 ,this example is plain and full to instruct the ,learner in the hunting of any bell1 therefore he ought to peruse it diligently1 that he may understand the true scope and meaning of it2 and as a help he may apply himself to practice by taking a ,treble1 and attempt to hunt it up and down as this ,example directs2 which he may the more readily do1 if he understand the #eth ,observation before set down1 which guides him to make a change in ringing4 ,so that partly by reading and well considering of what ,i have here wrote1 and partly by practice1 he may in a short time become perfect in the hunting motion of any note2 which when he rightly apprehends1 he will then presently be capable of understanding the following methods2 and therefore ,i shall be the more brief in my directions to them4 ,the ,changes on four ,bells4 ,twenty four changes may be rung upon four bells3 but the ,learner may first practice the twelve changes1 and the eighteen changes4 ,in the twelve changes the notes are all to be hunted up after one another1 which may be called the ,twelve all over4 ,first the treble-note must be hunted up1 letter 7a72 then the second note must likewise hunt up1 letter 7b72 next the third note must hunt up1 letter 7c72 and lastly the #dth note also1 letter 7d74 #abcd a #bacd #bcad #bcda b #cbda #cdba #cdab c #dcab #dacb #dabc d #adbc #abdc #abcd ,the four notes may also hunt down one after another4 ,first1 the #dth note must hunt down to lead3 then the #c;d note likewise1 and so the #b;d and ,treble one after another1 which may be term'd the ,twelve all under4 ,courteous ,reader1 in my directions to the course of each peal1 ,i do there refer by letters to the examples2 which ,i am forced to do1 to prevent those confused breaks1 and unhandsome spaces1 which otherwise would have happen'd both in examples and precepts4 ,whatever letter ,i mention in my directions1 refers to the like at the figures4 ,for instance2 in my directions to the twelve changes next before1 ,i there directed the treble-note to be first hunted up1 letter 7a72 which letter refers to the like letter at the first three changes of the twelve1 where the ,treble hunted up1 as 'tis here again represented1 and the like of the rest4 a#bacd #bcad #bcda ,in the ,eighteen changes1 the ,treble is a hunting note1 but never hunts up farther than the #c;d place2 and when it lies there1 the two first notes must make a change2 and every time it leads1 the two hindmost notes4 ,first it hunts up into the #c;d place1 letter 7a72 the two first notes1 ,which are #b4c1 make a change1 letter 7b72 the ,treble hunts down 7c74 ,the two hindmost notes make a change 7d71 the ,treble hunts up 7e74 ,the two first notes1 which are #c4d1 make a change 7f7 the ,treble hunts down 7g72 the two last notes1 which are #c4b1 make a change 7h71 which method being continued1 will bring the bells round at the end of eighteen changes4 ,the ,eighteen changes may also be rung by hunting the #dth note down into the #b;d place1 and then a change to be made behind3 the #dth note to be hunted up again into its own place1 and then a change to be made before1 which course being continued1 will produce ,eighteen changes4 #abcd a#bacd #bcad b#cbad c#cabd #acbd d#acdb e#cadb #cdab f#dcab g#dacb #adcb h#adbc i#dabc #dbac k#bdac l#badc #abdc m#abcd ,the ,six changes on three are the ground of the ,twenty four changes on four2 for one of the four notes hath a constant hunting motion through the other three1 in the same manner as in the preceding ,example1 page #ej4 and the three notes are to make the six changes in the same manner as ,i have before shewed in the changes on three bells2 one of the six changes being always made every time the hunt lies either before or behind the three bells3 therefore if the ,learner do but rightly apprehend the course of the six changes1 and also the manner of the motion of the hunting note1 he will presently understand the method of the twenty four changes4 ,the six changes in the twenty four1 according to the terms of ringing are called ,extream changes1 and the three bells which makes them1 ,extream bells4 ,so that in the twenty four changes1 there is a hunt and three extream bells4 ,every time the hunt lies either before or behind the extream bells1 an extream change must then be made4 ,the extream changes may be made two ways1 viz4 either betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the hunt1 or else betwixt the two nearest extream bells to it4 ,in this ,example every extream change shall be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the hunt1 and the treble shall be the hunting note1 which must first hunt up 7a72 then the two farthest notes from the hunt1 which are #b4c1 must make an extream change 7b74 ,the ,treble must hunt down 7c74 ,the two farthest notes from the hunt1 which are #b4d1 must make an extream change 7d74 ,the treble must hunt up 7e72 the two farthest notes from the hunt1 which are #c4d1 must make an extream change 7f74 ,the treble-note must hunt down 7g74 ,the two farthest extream bells from the hunt1 which are #c4b1 must make an extream change 7h74 ,the treble must hunt up 7i74 ,the two farthest notes from the hunt1 which are #d4b1 must make an extream change 7k74 ,the treble must hunt down 7l74 ,the two farthest extream bells1 which are #d4c1 must make an extream change 7m71 which concludes the peal4 ,now the ,learner for his satisfaction may take out the extream changes in the same order as they were made1 as first at 7b71 then 7d71 and so 7f4h4k4m47 and they will stand as they are here set down2 where 'tis evident1 that #b4c4d have made the six changes according to the method of the first six changes on three bells1 before set down1 7page #dh47 where the first change of that six was #bac1 and this being #cbd1 is the same in course though the figures differ1 and the rest of the changes in this six1 are likewise the same in course and method with those4 #abcd a#bacd #bcad #bcda b#cbda c#cbad #cabd #acbd d#acdb e#cadb #cdab #cdba f#dcba g#dcab #dacb #adcb h#adbc i#dabc #dbac #dbca k#bdca l#bdac #badc #abdc m#abcd #cbda #acdb #dcba #adbc #bdca #abcd ,in the preceding twenty four changes1 every extream change was made betwixt the two furthest extream bells from the hunt4 ,i will therefore here set down an example1 where they shall be made between the two nearest bells1 to it4 ,first1 the treble hunts up 7a74 ,the two next notes to the hunt1 which are #c4d1 must make an extream change 7b74 ,the ,treble must hunt down 7c74 ,the two nearest notes to the hunt1 which are #b4d1 must make an extream change 7d74 ,the ,treble hunts up 7e74 ,the two nearest extream bells to the hunt1 which are #b4c1 must make an extream change 7f74 ,the ,treble hunts down 7g74 ,the two next extream bells to the hunt1 which are #d4c1 must make a change 7h74 ,and the like extream changes being made as at 7k7 and 7m71 concludes the peal4 #abcd a#bacd #bcad #bcda b#bdca c#bdac #badc #abdc d#adbc e#dabc #dbac #dbca f#dcba g#dcab #dacb #adcb h#acdb i#cadb #cdab #cdba k#cbda l#cbad #cabd #acbd m#abcd ,the six extream changes1 viz4 7b4d4f4h4k4 and m47 being set down by themselves1 will stand in this order1 as here you see2 where 'tis plain1 that #b #c #d have made the six changes1 according to the method of the last six changes on three bells1 page #di4 where the first change of that six is made between the last two notes thus1 #a #c #b4 ,so in like manner is the first here thus1 #bdc1 which is the same method with that1 though not the same figures4 #bdca #adbc #dcba #acdb #cbda #abcd ,so that the making of the extream changes two ways in the twenty four1 proceeds from the two ways of making the six changes on three bells4 ,this last way of making the extream changes1 may1 for distinction from the other way1 be called mediums2 which term is very proper1 in regard that the two middlemost of the four notes do always make the extream change4 ,the extream changes in one peal must all be made alike1 that is1 either betwixt the two farthest notes from the hunt1 or else betwixt the two nearest notes to it2 but the most usual way is to make them between the two farthest4 ,any note may be made a hunt at pleasure1 and its first motion at the beginning of the peal may be either up or down4 ,the twenty four changes may be rung sixteen ways according to the aforesaid method1 yet the changes to each are still one and the same2 but by making each note a hunt1 and moving it either up or down at the beginning1 and also by making the extream changes two ways1 the course of the changes will be so altered1 that the same changes shall not come all along together in any two of those sixteen ways4 ,with the hunting of one note it may be rung four ways2 for the note may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal2 then in its motion either way the extream changes maybe made two ways1 as before3 so that to make each note a hunt1 and with each hunt to ring it four ways makes sixteen in the whole4 ,wherein 'tis observable1 that the treble-note cannot be moved down at first1 nor the #dth up2 therefore an extream change must first be made1 which is as effectual as if either note had moved at first4 ,i have here prickt the twenty four changes three ways1 wherein the extream changes are all made betwixt the two farthest notes from the hunt4 #b;d4 #c;d4 #dth4 down up up #abcdabcdabcd #bacd #abdc #bacd #badc #badc #badc #abdc #bacd #bdac #adbc #bcad #dbac #adcb #cbad #dbca #dacb #cbda #bdca #dabc #bcda #bcda #dbac #bdca #bcad #bdac #bdac #cbad #bdca #dbac #cbda #dbca #dbca #cdba #dcba #dcba #dcba #dcab #cdba #dcab #cdab #cdab #cdab #cdba #dcab #cadb #cbda #dacb #cabd #bcda #dabc #acbd #bcad #adbc #acdb #cbad #adcb #adcb #cabd #acdb #dacb #cadb #cadb #dabc #acdb #cabd #adbc #acbd #acbd #abdc #abcd #abcd #abcd ,the ,changes on five ,bells4 ,there are sixscore changes to be rung on five bells2 but the ,learner may first practice some shorter peals1 as the ,ten changes1 the twelve1 the ,fourteen1 the ,twenty all over1 the ,twenty with one hunt1 and the ,forty eight4 ,in the ,ten changes the treble must first hunt up 7a72 the #b4c must make a change 7b74 ,the treble must hunt down again 7c72 the #c4b must make another change 7d74 ,the ten changes may also be rung by hunting down the #e to lead2 then #c4d to make a change2 the #e to be hunted up again1 and the #d4c to make another change4 #abcde a#bacde #bcade #bcdae #bcdea b#cbdea c#cbdae #cbade #cabde #acbde d#abcde ,in the ,twelve changes the treble hunts up into the third place1 then the two first notes make a change2 the treble hunts down again1 then the two hindmost notes make a change4 ,first the treble hunts into the #c;d place 7a72 the two first notes #b4c make a change 7b74 ,the treble hunts down 7c72 the two last notes make a change 7d72 the treble hunts up 7e72 the two first notes make a change 7f72 the treble hunts down 7g72 the two last notes make another change 7h74 #abcde a#bacde #bcade b#cbade c#cabde #acbde d#acbed e#cabed #cbaed f#bcaed g#baced #abced h#abcde ,in the ,fourteen changes1 the treble first hunts up behind2 then the #e hunts down to lead2 the treble then hunts down again into its own place2 and the fifth also hunts up into its own place4 ,the ,twenty all over are rung in the same manner as the ,twelve all over upon four bells1 to which ,i refer4 ,in the ,twenty changes with one hunt1 the hunting note continually hunts up and down through the other notes1 and every time it lies either before or behind them1 an extream change must be made betwixt the two farthest notes from it4 ,the treble shall be the hunt1 and first hunteth up 7a74 ,an extream change is made 7b72 the treble hunts down 7c72 an extream change is made 7d72 which course must be continued to the end4 ,the extream changes may also be made betwixt the two next notes to the hunt4 ,any note may be made a hunt at pleasure1 yet still observing to make the extreams as before4 #abcde a#bacde #bcade #bcdae #bcdea b#cbdea c#cbdae #cbade #cabde #acbde d#acbed ,in the forty eight changes1 the #eth and #dth are both hunts1 and #a #b #c do make the six changes2 the #e4d do hunt down by turns1 and when either of them leads1 then one of the six changes is made4 ,first the #e hunts down 7a72 one of the six changes is made 7b72 the #e hunts up into its own place 7c72 the #d hunts down 7d72 another of the six changes is made 7e72 then the #d must hunt up1 and the #e down again1 c4 which course must be continued to the end4 #abcde a#abced #abecd #aebcd #eabcd b#ebacd c#beacd #baecd #baced #bacde d#badce #bdace #dbace e#dbcae ,in the ,sixscore changes1 four of the notes do make the ,twenty four changes1 and the fifth note hunts continually through them3 so that the course and method of the ,sixscore is in effect the same with that of the ,four and twenty4 ,for as the ,four and twenty comprehended the ,six changes on three2 so in like manner the ,sixscore comprehend the ,four and twenty changes on four1 and the ,six changes on three4 ,therefore in the ,sixscore there must be two hunts and three extream bells2 one of the hunts is term'd the whole-hunt1 and the other the half-hunt1 ,the three extream bells do make the ,six changes in the same manner as they were made before in the ,four and twenty changes upon four bells1 and are here also call'd ,extream changes3 the half-hunt and three extream bells do make the ,four and twenty changes in the same manner as the ,four and twenty changes on four bells were likewise made3 and the whole hunt continually hunts through those four bells1 and every time it either leads or lies behind them1 one change must then be made in the twenty four4 #a shall here be the whole-hunt1 #b the half-hunt1 and #cde extream bells3 so that #bcde must make the four and twenty changes4 ,every extream change shall be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt4 ,first1 the treble hunts up 7a74 ,one of the twenty four changes must now be made2 and therefore #b which is the hunt in the twenty four1 must begin its motion through the extream bells 7b74 ,the treble hunts down 7c72 the half-hunt must proceed in its course 7d72 the whole-hunt hunts up 7e72 ,the half-hunt proceeds forward 7f72 the whole-hunt moves down 7g74 ,the half-hunt should now proceed1 but having finished its course through the extream bells1 therefore an extream change must now be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from it1 which are #c4d 7h74 ,the treble must hunt up 7i72 the half-hunt must now begin its course again through the extream bells 7k72 treble hunts down 7l72 the half-hunt proceeds in its course down 7m72 treble hunts up 7n72 the half-hunt proceeds in its course down 7o72 treble hunts down 7p72 the half-hunt having finished its course1 therefore an extream change must be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from it1 which are #c4e 7q74 ,the treble hunts up 7r74 ,the half-hunt begins its motion again through the extream bells1 and first it moves up over #dth 7s74 ,the whole hunt moves down 7t72 the half-hunt must proceed in its course1 and therefore must move over another note 7v74 ,and this method being observed1 will produce sixscore changes1 and then the bells will in course come round4 ,now 'tis observable1 that the changes at 7b d f h k m o q s v x and z71 being set down by themselves1 that is1 the #a to be excluded1 and the changes on #bcde to be set directly under one another in the same successive order as they were made1 it will thereby appear1 that those four figures have made twelve changes of the twenty four1 according to the method of the first twenty four changes on four bells before set down4 ,and whereas here are just half the sixscore changes prickt down1 so likewise here are just half the four and twenty changes made therein3 and the remaining part of this sixscore being likewise prickt1 the remaining part of this four and twenty would also appear therein1 which part being added to the former twelve1 would make up the twenty four changes compleat2 and the method of them the same in all respects with the first twenty four changes on four bells1 page4 #abcde a#bacde #bcade #bcdae #bcdea b#cbdea c#cbdae #cbade #cabde #acbde d#acdbe e#cadbe #cdabe #cdbae #cdbea f#cdeba g#cdeab #cdaeb #cadeb #acdeb h#adceb i#daceb #dcaeb #dceab #dceba k#dcbea l#dcbae #dcabe #dacbe #adcbe m#adbce n#dabce #dbace #dbcae #dbcea o#bdcea p#bdcae #bdace #badce #abdce q#abdec r#badec #bdaec #bdeac #bdeca s#dbeca t#dbeac #dbaec #dabec #adbec v#adebc w#daebc #deabc #debac #debca x#decba y#decab #deacb #daecb #adecb z#aedcb ,any note may be made a whole hunt at pleasure1 and its first motion at the beginning of the peal may either be up or down4 ,any note may also be made a half-hunt1 and its first motion likewise up or down at pleasure2 yet still observing that the half-hunt and three extream bells must make the twenty four changes1 as in this last example4 ,so that in the sixscore changes the ,learner may observe1 that the three extream bells are always assigned for the half-hunt to hunt through2 and the half-hunt and three extream bells are also assigned for the whole-hunt to hunt through3 so that the whole-hunt always hunts through four notes1 and the half-hunt through three4 ,the extream changes may be made two ways2 first1 betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt1 as in this last example2 secondly1 betwixt the two next extream bells to the half-hunt1 which may be called mediums1 for distinction from the former4 ,but the most usual and easiest way1 is to make them betwixt the two farthest notes from the half-hunt4 ,whereas the treble or fifth being made whole-hunts1 the first of them can neither be moved down1 nor the last up1 at the beginning of a peal2 therefore one of the twenty four changes must first be made1 which is as effectual1 as if the treble had moved down1 or the #eth up4 ,the ,learner may observe1 that two of the four and twenty changes are never made together in any sixscore1 but as soon as one is made1 the whole-hunt moves through the four notes before another can be made4 ,the sixscore changes may be rung one hundred and sixty ways1 which are thus demonstrable4 ,there are five times four figures to be produced out of five1 and not twice four the same figures3 as #abcd4 #abce4 #abde4 #acde4 #bcde4 with each four the twenty four changes may be prickt sixteen ways1 as before ,i have shewed on four bells2 so that here will be five times sixteen four and twenties1 which amount to eighty1 and not two alike4 ,now to each four add the fifth figure which is wanting1 as to #abcd add #e1 to #abce add #d1 to #abde add #c1 to #acde add #b1 to #bcde add #a1 and every fifth figure being hunted through the sixteen four and twenties1 which the other four make1 as the #e through the sixteen four and twenties which the #abcd make1 and the like of the rest1 will produce as many sixscores as there were four and twenties1 that is1 #hj4 ,then the whole hunt may hunt two ways through each four and twenty1 that is1 up and down at the beginning1 which doubles the former number1 and makes #afj in the whole4 ,treble up1 fifth down4 #abcde #abecd #aebdc #badec ---------- #adcbe #acebd ---------- #baecd #eabdc #bdaec #adbec ,extre4 #acbed #bacde #beacd #ebadc #bdeac #adebc #acdbe ---------- #bcade #becad #ebdac #bdeca ---------- ---------- #acbde #bcdae #becda #ebdca #bdcea #aedbc #acdeb ,extre4 #bcdea #ebcda #bedca #bdcae ,extre4 #acedb #abcde #bceda #ebcad #bedac #bdace #aedcb ---------- #bcead #ebacd #beadc #badce ---------- #aecdb #bcaed #eabcd #baedc #abdce #adecb ,extre4 #baced #aebcd #abedc ,extre4 #adceb #aecbd #abced ,extre4 #abdec #adbce ---------- ---------- ,treble up1 fourth down4 #abcde #abdce #dabec #baedc #ebacd ---------- #adcbe ---------- #adbce #adbec #abedc #eabcd #aecdb #acdbe #bacde #dabce #abdec #abecd #aebcd #aecbd ---------- #bcade #dbace #badec #baecd #aebdc ---------- #acbde #bcdae #dbcae #bdaec #beacd ---------- #acebd #acbed #bcdea #dbcea #bdeac #becad #aedbc #acedb ---------- #bdcea ,extre4 #bdeca #becda #adebc ---------- #abced #bdcae #dbeca #bedca ,extre4 ---------- #acdeb #abcde #bdace #dbeac #bedac #ebcda #adecb #adceb ---------- #badce #dbaec #beadc #ebcad #aedcb ---------- ,second down1 fourth up4 #abcde #caebd #cdabe #dceab #cedab ,extre4 ---------- #cabed #cdbae #dceba #cedba #ecadb #bacde #cbaed #cbdae #dcbea #cebda #ecabd #baced #bcaed #bcdae #dbcea #cbeda #ecbad #abced #bcade #bdcae #bdcea #bceda #ebcad #acbed #cbade #dbcae #bcdea #bcead #becad #acebd #cabde #dcbae #cbdae #cbead #becda #acedb #cadbe #dcabe #cdbea #cebad #ebcda ,extre4 #cadeb #dcaeb #cdeba #ceabd #ecbda #caedb #cdaeb ,extre4 #cdeab #ceadb c4 ,in ringing terms the hunts are named in short1 as in the peals here prickt4 ,the first which is named is here understood to be the whole-hunt1 and the last the half-hunt4 ,for instance1 ,treble is the whole-hunt1 and fifth the half-hunt2 and treble is the whole-hunt1 and fourth the half-hunt1 c4 ,the ,changes on six ,bells4 ,there are seven hundred and twenty changes to be rung of six bells4 ,but the ,learner may first practice some shorter peals4 ,the twenty four changes are thus rung4 ,the treble must continually hunt through the rest of the notes1 and every time it leads or lies behind them1 an extream change must then be made between the two farthest notes from it4 ,the treble hunts up 7a74 ,a change is made betwixt the two farthest notes from it1 which are #b4c 7b74 ,the treble hunts down 7c74 ,an extream change is made betwixt #e4f 7d71 which method must be continued to the end4 ,any note may be made a hunt at pleasure1 and the extream changes may as well be made betwixt the two nearest notes to the hunt4 ,the ,thirty-all-over are rung according to the method of the ,twelve all over upon four bells1 to which ,i refer4 #abcdef a#bacdef #bcadef #bcdaef #bcdeaf #bcdefa b#cbdefa c#cbdeaf #cbdaef #cbadef #cabdef #acbdef d#acbdfe ,the thirty six changes are thus rung4 ,the treble hunts up into the third place1 and then the two first notes make a change4 ,the treble hunts down again to lead1 and then the two notes in the #c;d and #dth places do make a change1 except the #b lies next the treble1 and then the two hindmost notes4 ,the treble hunts up 7a74 ,the two first notes make a change 7b74 ,the treble hunts down 7c72 the #b4d make a change 7d74 ,in which manner the changes are to be made untill the treble leads1 and the #b 7which may be term'd the half-hunt7 lies next it1 and then the extream change is made behind1 as in the last change of this example1 there being but two of these changes in the peal4 #abcdef a#bacdef #bcadef b#cbadef c#cabdef #acbdef d#acdbef e#cadbef #cdabef f#dcabef g#dacbef #adcbef h#adbcef i#dabcef #dbacef k#bdacef l#badcef #abdcef m#abdcfe c4 ,in the ,twelvescore long-hunts1 7otherwise called the ,esquire's twelvescore72 the #fth and #eth are hunts1 and #abcd do make the twenty four changes4 ,the #fth and #eth do hunt down by turns1 and when either of them leads1 one of the twenty four changes must then be made4 ,the course and method of this is the same with that of the forty eight changes on five bells1 to which ,i refer the ,learner4 ,in the ,sevenscore and four1 the treble and tenor are both hunts2 and #bcde do make the twenty four changes1 #b being the hunt therein4 ,the treble and tenor do both hunt at one and the same time1 the one up1 and the other down1 crossing each others course2 and when one of them leads1 the other always lies behind2 at which time one of the twenty four changes must be made4 ,the extream changes in this peal are made in the same manner as before ,i have shewed upon four bells4 ,the treble hunts up1 and the tenor down 7a74 ,one of the twenty four changes is made 7b74 ,the treble hunts down1 and the tenor up 7c74 ,another of the twenty four changes is made 7d74 ,the treble hunts up1 and the tenor down 7e71 c4 which method must be observed to the end4 #abcdef a#bacdfe #bcafde #bcfade #bfcdae #fbcdea b#fcbdea c#cfbdae #cbfade #cbafde #cabdfe #acbdef d#acdbef e#cadbfe #cdafbe #cdfabe #cfdbae #fcdbea f#fcdeba c4 ,in the sixscore changes there is a whole-hunt1 a half-hunt1 and four extream bells4 ,the half-hunt and four extream bells do make the twenty changes in the same manner as the twenty changes were made upon five bells with one hunt4 page #fa4 ,the whole hunt hath a continual motion through the other five notes1 and every time it leads and lies behind them1 one of the twenty changes must then be made4 ,in this example1 treble is the whole-hunt1 #b the half-hunt1 and #cdef extream bells2 therefore #bcdef must make the twenty changes wherein #b is the hunt1 and every time it lies either before the four extream bells1 or behind them1 an extream change must then be made1 which here shall be betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt4 ,the treble hunts up 7a74 ,one of the twenty changes must now be made1 therefore #b being the hunt in it1 must begin its course through the extream bells 7b74 ,the treble hunts down 7c72 ,the half-hunt proceeds forward 7d72 the treble hunts up 7e72 the half-hunt proceeds forward in its course 7f72 the treble hunts down 7g72 the #b proceeds forward 7h72 the treble hunts up 7i72 the half-hunt should now proceed forward1 but its course through the extream bells being finished1 therefore an extream change must be made betwixt #c4d1 which are the two farthest extream bells from it1 7k74 ,the treble must hunt down 7l72 the half-hunt must now go its course again through the extream bells1 and first it moves down under the #fth1 7m7 c4 which method must be continued to the end4 ,any note may be made a whole hunt at pleasure1 or a half-hunt also4 ,and the extream changes may be made betwixt the two nearest extream notes to the half-hunt2 but withall observing to make all the extreams in one peal alike4 ,there are four extream changes in each peal1 and thirty changes distance from one to another4 #abcdef a#bacdef #bcadef #bcdaef #bcdeaf #bcdefa b#cbdefa c#cbdeaf #cbdaef #cbadef #cabdef #acbdef d#acdbef e#cadbef #cdabef #cdbaef #cdbeaf #cdbefa f#cdebfa g#cdebaf #cdeabf #cdaebf #cadebf #acdebf h#acdefb i#cadefb #cdaefb #cdeafb #cdefab #cdefba k#dcefba l#dcefab #dceafb #dcaefb #dacefb #adcefb m#adcebf c4 ,the method of the ,seven hundred and twenty1 hath an absolute dependency upon the method of the ,sixscore changes on five bells2 for five of the notes are to make the sixscore changes1 and the sixth note hunts continually through them1 and every time it leads or lies behind them1 one of the ,sixscore changes must then be made4 ,the method of the ,seven hundred and ,twenty is in effect the same with that of the ,sixscore3 for as the ,sixscore comprehended the ,twenty four changes on four1 and the ,six on three2 so likewise the ,seven hundred and twenty comprehend the ,sixscore changes on five1 the ,twenty four changes on four1 and the ,six changes on three4 ,therefore here must be three ,hunts1 and three ,extream bells3 the three ,hunts are thus distinguished2 one of them is call'd the whole-hunt1 another the half-hunt1 and the other the quarter-hunt4 ,the ,half-hunt1 ,quarter-hunt1 and three ,extream bells1 are to make the ,sixscore changes2 the ,quarter-hunt and three ,extream bells are to make the ,twenty four changes1 and the three ,extream bells are to make the six changes1 which are here also called extream changes1 and made in the same manner as before ,i have shewed upon four bells4 ,in this example here prickt1 treble is the whole-hunt1 #b;d the half-hunt1 #c;d the quarter-hunt1 and #d #e #f extream bells4 ,now 'tis observable1 that #d #e #f are to make the six extream changes1 which will divide the seven hundred and twenty into six equal parts2 the #c #d #e #f are to make the twenty four changes1 wherein the #c;d is the hunt1 7but in the seven hundred and twenty 'tis call'd the quarter-hunt27 and #b #c #d #e #f are to make the sixscore changes1 wherein the #b;d is the whole-hunt 7though in the #gbj 'tis call'd the half-hunt17 by which 'tis evident1 that the treble continually hunts through these five #b #c #d #e #f1 the #b;d through the four #c #d #e #f1 and the #c;d through these three #d #e #f2 which are assigned for the respective hunts to hunt through1 from the beginning to the end of the peal4 ,first the treble hunts up 7a74 ,now one of the sixscore changes must be made1 therefore the #b;d being the hunt in the sixscore1 must begin its course through the other four notes 7b74 ,the treble hunts down 7c72 the #b;d proceeds in its course 7d72 the treble hunts up 7e74 ,the #b;d proceedeth forward in its course 7f72 the treble hunts down 7g72 the #b;d proceeds forward 7h72 the treble hunts up 7i72 the #b;d1 which is the half-hunt1 should now proceed forward1 but having finished its course through the four bells1 therefore the #c;d1 which is the quarter-hunt1 must begin its motion through the extream bells 7k74 ,the treble hunts down 7l74 ,the half-hunt must now begin its course again through the four bells1 and first therefore it moves down under the #f 7m74 ,the treble must hunt up again1 and then the #b;d must move down under another bell1 which method must be observed untill the #b;d has moved quite down through the four bells again1 and then the #c;d must proceed forward by moving over another of the extream bells2 which method must be observed in the motion of the three hunts1 until the quarter-hunt hath moved up behind the extream bells1 and then the whole and half-hunts1 having gone their course again through the bells1 an extream change must be made3 after which the whole1 half1 and quarter-hunts proceed again in their course as before4 #abcdef a#bacdef #bcadef #bcdaef #bcdeaf #bcdefa b#cbdefa c#cbdeaf #cbdaef #cbadef #cabdef #acbdef d#acdbef e#cadbef #cdabef #cdbaef #cdbeaf #cdbefa f#cdebfa g#cdebaf #cdeabf #cdaebf #cadebf #acdebf h#acdefb i#cadefb #cdaefb #cdeafb #cdefab #cdefba k#dcefba l#dcefab #dceafb #dcaefb #dacefb #adcefb m#adcebf ,the letter h standing by the figures signifies half-hunt1 that is1 the motion of the half-hunt in that change2 and likewise q the quarter-hunt4 ,here are the first sixscore changes of a seven hundred and twenty2 wherein 'tis observable1 that all the changes at h and q being set down by themselves in the same successive order as they were made1 that is1 the #a to be excluded1 and the changes on the other five figures to be set down directly under one another1 and the extream change at last1 it will thereby appear1 that the five figures have made twenty changes of a sixscore1 according to the method of the example on five bells1 page #fc4 with this only difference1 these are made on #bcdef1 and those were made on #abcde2 but the five figures of each have both alike course1 the #b;d and #c;d going the same course in this1 as the treble and #b;d did in that4 ,now whereas the sixscore changes here prickt down are a sixth part of the seven hundred and twenty1 so likewise are the twenty changes1 here made by #bcdef1 a sixth part of the sixscore3 and then consequently1 the seven hundred and twenty changes being all prickt1 the sixscore changes on #bcdef would plainly appear therein1 in the same manner as twenty of them appear in this sixscore4 ,therefore more need not be said of the method of the #gbj1 since the method of the sixscore changes on five bells being well understood1 will be a sure and certain guide to the ,learner3 only this one thing farther2 in ringing of this peal with any hunts1 the second extream change being made between the two bells which made the first extream1 will always bring the bells round at the end of the twelvescore4 ,but after twelvescore are made1 they cannot in course be brought round until the end of the #gbj4 #abcdef #bacdef #dcefab #badecf #defcab #bcadef #dceafb #bdaecf #defacb #bcdaef #dcaefb #bdeacf #deafcb #bcdeaf #dacefb #bdecaf #daefcb #bcdefa #adcefb #bdecfa #adefcb h #cbdefa h #adcebf h #dbecfa h #adefbc #cbdeaf #dacebf #dbecaf #daefbc #cbdaef #dcaebf #dbeacf #deafbc #cbadef #dceabf #dbaecf #defabc #cabdef #dcebaf #dabecf #defbac #acbdef #dcebfa #adbecf #defbca h #acdbef h #dcbefa h #adebcf h #debfca #cadbef #dcbeaf #daebcf #debfac #cdabef #dcbaef #deabcf #debafc #cdbaef #dcabef #debacf #deabfc #cdbeaf #dacbef #debcaf #daebfc #cdbefa #adcbef #debcfa #adebfc h #cdebfa h #adbcef h #decbfa h #adbefc #cdebaf #dabcef #decbaf #dabefc #cdeabf #dbacef #decabf #dbaefc #cdaebf #dbcaef #deacbf #dbeafc #cadebf #dbceaf #daecbf #dbefac #acdebf #dbcefa #adecbf #dbefca h #acdefb h #bdcefa h #adecfb h #bdefca #cadefb #bdceaf #daecfb #bdefac #cdaefb #bdcaef #deacfb #bdeafc #cdeafb #bdacef #decafb #bdaefc #cdefab #badcef #decfab #badefc #cdefba #abdcef #decfba #abdefc q #dcefba q #abdecf q #defcba ,extre4 #abedfc ,the #gbj changes may be rung one thousand nine hundred and twenty several ways1 which is thus demonstrable4 ,there are six times five figures to be produced out of six1 and not twice five the same3 as #abcde4 #abcdf4 #abcef4 #abdef4 #acdef4 #bcdef4 and with each five the sixscore changes may be prickt one hundred and sixty ways1 as before ,i have shewed on five bells4 ,now to each five add the sixth figure which is wanting1 as to #abcde add #f1 to #abcdf add #e1 to #abdef add #c1 to #acdef add #b1 and to #bcdef add #a4 ,and the sixth figure which is added1 being hunted through all the several sixscores which the other five figures make2 for instance1 the #f through the #afj several sixscores which #abcde make1 and the #e also through the #afj several sixscores1 which #abcdf make1 and the like of the rest2 will produce as many seven hundred and twenties as there are sixscores1 that is1 six times one hundred and sixty1 which amounts to nine hundred and sixty4 ,then the note that hunts through the other five1 may hunt two ways through each sixscore1 that is1 up and down1 which will double the former number1 and make nineteen hundred and twenty in the whole4 ,illustration3 ,fleuron ,,an ,,introduction to the ,knowledge of ,,crosse ,,peals4 ,these ,peals are term'd cross in respect of their intricate methods2 wherein several notes moving at one and the same time1 do thwart or cross each other in their course and motion1 some moving up1 others at the same time down1 gives this ,denomination to the ,peals4 ,the end of pricking them is to make the compleat number of changes by a method differing from that of other ,peals4 ,for although five can be varied but #abj ways1 and six but #gbj c4 yet the methods by which they are varied1 are differing1 according to the several fancies of the ,artist4 ,and as order and method are the only basis on which this ,art is founded2 so the skilful ,artists1 the better to effect the aforesaid end1 have thought fit in most peals to appoint one note to be as it were a ,helm or ,rudder1 by which the course of the peal is steered2 which note is term'd a ,hunt1 and hath one constant uniform motion throughout the peal1 differing from that of the other notes4 ,the manner of its motion is continually through the other notes1 that is1 from leading to strike behind1 and from thence again to lead1 which motion1 first up and then down1 is term'd one compleat ,course4 ,some peals upon five bells1 as old ,doubles1 c4 consist of single ,courses2 there being ten changes in every single ,course1 and twelve of those ,courses in the peal4 ,other peals upon five bells1 as ,london ,paradox1 c4 consist of double ,courses2 there being twenty changes in every double ,course1 and six of those ,courses in the peal4 ,upon six bells there are also single and double ,courses1 viz4 twelve changes in every single ,course1 as in ,grandsire ,bob c4 and twenty four changes in every double ,course1 as in ,colledg ,bob1 c4 the change wherein the ,hunt leaves leading being the first change of every ,course4 ,now the methods of these peals being well considered1 they will be found more easie than at the first view they may seem to be2 for the first ,course of any ,cross ,peal being judiciously viewed1 the general method of the whole peal will thereby appear3 for all the ,courses in a ,cross peal do agree in these three respects4 ,first1 in the motion of the ,hunt2 secondly1 in the motion of the rest of the notes2 thirdly1 in the making of the changes1 which will plainly appear in the following peals1 7some few changes in each peal only excepted1 as hereafter ,i shall shew in my ,directions to the several peals37 for proof of which ,i will give an instance in the peal of new ,doubles upon five bells1 these being the three first ,courses of the peal4 ,wherein 'tis observable1 that the last change of the first ,course which is #acebd1 ,i have set down again at the top of the second ,course2 and likewise the last change of the second ,course which is #aedcb1 ,i have also put at the top of the third course2 which ,i have done for the plainer ,demonstration of what ,i here intend4 ,so that the ten lowermost changes are the ten changes of each ,course4 ,first #b;d #c;d ,course,course,course #abcde #acebd #aedcb #baced #caedb #eadbc #bcade #ceabd #edacb #cbdae #ecbad #decab #bcdea #cebda #edcba #cbeda #ecdba #debca #bcead #cedab #edbac #cbaed #ecadb #deabc #cabde #eacbd #daecb #acbed #aecdb #adebc #acebd #aedcb #adbec ,first therefore1 as to the motion of the hunt1 the #a which is the hunt moves directly up behind1 where it lieth twice1 and then down again to lead1 where it lieth also twice2 as appears in each of these three ,courses1 and the like also throughout the peal4 ,secondly1 as the #b;d1 #c;d1 #dth1 and #eth bells move through the first ,course1 so the bells that lie in the #b;d1 #c;d1 #dth1 and #eth places in the last change of every course1 moves in the same manner also through the next following course4 ,for instance2 first1 for the bell in the #b;d place3 in the first course the #b;d bell moves down to lead1 where it lieth twice1 and then dodges untill the treble comes down to it4 ,so likewise in the second course1 the #c;d bell lying in the #b;d place moves down to lead1 where it lies twice1 and then dodges until treble comes down to it2 and also in the third course1 the #eth bell lying in the #b;d place1 moves down to lead where it lieth twice1 and dodgeth until the treble moves down to it4 ,secondly1 for the bell in the #c;d place4 ,in the first course the #c;d bell moves down to lead1 and there dodgeth untill the treble comes down to it3 so likewise in the second course the #eth bell lying in the #c;d place moves down to lead1 and there dodgeth untill the treble comes down to it3 and also in the #c;d course the #dth bell lying in the #c;d place moves down to lead1 and there dodgeth until the treble comes down to it4 ,thirdly1 for the bell in the fourth place3 ,in the first course1 the fourth bell moves up behind1 then down into the #c;d place where it lieth twice1 then up again behind2 so likewise in the second course1 the #b;d bell lying in the #dth place moves up behind1 then down into the #c;d place where it lieth twice1 then up again behind2 and also in the third course the #c;d bell lying in the #dth place1 moves therefore up behind1 then down into the #c;d place where it lieth twice1 then up again behind4 ,and such uniform motion also hath the bell in the #eth place through every course4 ,thirdly1 that the changes in all the courses of the peal are made alike1 will here also plainly appear in the three courses4 ,for the first change of every course is made on the two first and two last bells2 the second change of every course is made on the four last2 the third is made on the four first2 the fourth on the two first and two last2 the fifth on the four first2 the sixth on the two first and two last2 the seventh on the four first2 the eighth on the four last2 the ninth on the two first and two last2 and the tenth single4 ,and thus in every ,cross-peal the ,courses do all agree1 first in the motion of the ,hunt1 secondly in the motion of the rest of the notes1 and thirdly in the making of the changes1 as before ,i have showed4 ,so that these three things being well observed1 will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing them2 the first and third being most proper to direct the pricking of them1 and the first and second the ringing of them4 ,therefore if the ,practitioner do but observe how the changes are made in the first course of a peal1 wherein he must have particular regard to the motion of the ,hunt1 7with a little further help from the following directions to each peal1 as to the making of ,extreams and ,bob-changes7 he may easily prick down all the following ,courses of the same peals and therefore in the following peals ,i have onely prickt down two or three of the first courses for an example1 and then have abridged the rest of the peal by setting down only the changes that are made at the leadings of the ,hunt4 ,but note1 there are some few ,cambridg-peals upon five bells1 wherein all the courses of each peal do not agree in the aforesaid three respects3 ,for although as to the motion of the whole-hunt they do1 yet in the motion of the rest of the notes1 and consequently in the making of the changes they do not4 ,it being very difficult to begin the following peals with cross hunts1 that is1 to make the #b;d1 #c;d1 #dth c4 whole-hunts1 ,i will therefore set down a general rule for making the first changes at the beginning of each ,peal1 wherein consists the great difficulty4 ,in any ,cross-peal the whole-hunt may move either up or down at the beginning2 and the motion of the whole-hunt in the first course of each of the following peals will direct the first motion of any cross hunt1 and consequently of making the first changes in that peal4 ,for ,example1 admit the #dth were made the whole-hunt in the peal called ,old doubles and singles upon five bells1 and to hunt up at first3 now to know how to make the first changes1 observe how the change is made wherein the treble 7which is there the whole-hunt7 moves up out of the #dth place1 and in the same manner must the change be made wherein the #dth bell also moves up out of that place3 therefore as the change wherein the treble moves up out of the #dth place is a single behind2 so likewise must the change wherein the #dth bell moves up out of that place1 be also a single behind thus1 #abced3 and then as the next change wherein the treble lieth still behind is double of the four first bells2 so likewise the next change wherein the #dth bell lieth still behind1 must also be made on the four first1 thus1 #baecd1 c4 ,or admit the #dth were to hunt down at the beginning1 then observe how the change is made wherein the treble hunts down out of the #dth place1 and so in like manner must the change be made wherein the #dth hunts also down out of that place3 therefore as the change wherein the treble hunts down out of the #dth place1 is double of the four first bells2 so likewise must the change wherein the #dth bell hunts down out of that place1 be also double of the four first thus1 #badce2 then as the treble makes a single when it moves down out of the #c;d place1 so likewise must the #dth next make a single change in moving down out of the #c;d place thus #bdace1 c4 which observations will guide the making of the first changes in any cross peal with any ,hunts2 but observe whensoever the first change of any peal happens to be single1 it must be made at the back-stroke to prevent cutting compass2 and the like when a double change happens first in a peal of ,triples and ,doubles4 ,and moreover by the way observe1 that all the following peals are so prickt1 that in ringing them at half-pulls1 if the first change of each peal is made at the fore-stroke1 the single changes in each peal will always be made at the back-stroke2 and also the double changes in ,triples and ,doubles1 excepting some few ,single in two or three peals4 ,but when it happens that the first change of a peal is made at the back-stroke1 then consequently the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-stroke change4 ,in such peals on five bells where singles are made in the #c;d and #dth places at the leadings of the whole-hunt1 the extreams may there be made three ways in each peal2 viz4 every time the half-hunt lieth next to the whole-hunt2 secondly1 every time it lieth behind2 thirdly1 every time the half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt1 and also behind3 in this last way there are six extreams in each peal1 but in other ways only three in each2 the extreams being always made when the whole-hunt leads1 and betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt4 ,in such peals upon five bells wherein there are three extreams1 and made in the #c;d and #dth places at the leadings of the whole-hunt2 the rest of the singles at the leadings of the whole-hunt may be made two ways in each peal1 viz4 either in the #b;d and #c;d1 or the #dth and #eth places2 if they are made in the #b;d and #c;d1 then the extreams must be made when the half-hunt lyeth behind2 but if the singles are made behind1 then the extreams must be made when the half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt1 the extreams being always made between the two next extream bells to the half-hunt4 ,in all the following peals the figures standing by themselves at the title of the peal1 are the hunts in the peal there prickt3 for instance1 in the first cross-peal upon five bells call'd ,old doubles and singles1 the two figures standing thus #a and #b1 are the hunts in that peal2 #a is the whole-hunt1 #b the half-hunt1 and the like of the rest4 ,all peals of doubles upon five bells1 which go sixty changes compleat without any single1 by making of two extreams they will go #abj4 ,and also all peals of doubles upon six bells1 and triples and doubles upon six1 which go #cfj changes without any single or extreme1 by making of two extreams they will go #gbj4 ,the extreams in all these compleat peals proceeding from one and the same cause1 are therefore to be made after one manner1 according to this general and infallible rule3 ,wheresoever any two of the extream bells are in course to make a change1 those two bells by lying still will effectually make the extream4 ,so that the making of the extream in doubles upon five bells1 necessitates the making of a single change at the same time1 by reason that the two extream bells which should contribute to the making of the double change1 do lie still2 so that the single change is accidental1 and very improperly called the extream4 ,when the extreams in triples and doubles upon six bells are made at double changes1 then there happens two singles in the peal2 but when they are made at triple changes1 then those two changes will become double1 and consequently the #gbj will then go compleat without any single4 ,upon five bells the first extream must be made within sixty changes from the beginning1 and the second extream just sixty changes from the first4 ,upon six bells the first extream must be made within #cfj changes from the beginning1 and the second extream just #cfj changes from the first4 ,the easiest way in practice1 is to make the extremes at the leadings of the whole-hunt2 wherein it may be observed as a general rule1 ,that in all peals upon six bells1 where the half-hunt dodgeth behind at the bobs1 there the first extream may be made either the first1 second1 or third time3 the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind1 and then the second extream must be made the third time those two bells dodg again together behind1 after the first extream is made4 ,and also in all such peals upon six bells1 where the doubles at the leadings of the whole-hunt are made on the four middle bells1 there the first extream may be made either the first1 second1 or third time the half and quarter-hunts do make a change in the #b;d and #c;d places1 and then the #b;d extream must be made the third time those two bells come there again to make a change after the first extream is made4 ,the singles at all these extreams must be made by the half and quarter-hunt4 ,the first extream in any peal may also be made at any place1 where two of the extream bells are in course to made a change according to the preceding general rule2 and then the making of the second extream may be guided by observations taken from the changes at the leadings of the whole-hunt3 for at the leadings of the whole-hunt the half and quarter-hunts always come together to make a change in one place1 just at #abj changes distance from one another throughout each peal4 ,now as the second extream must be made just #cfj changes from the first1 so the making of it may thus be guided3 ,look how many changes1 or else how many leadings of the whole-hunt the first extream is made after the half and quarter-hunts have made a change together1 so many changes or leadings of the whole-hunt must the second extream be made1 after the third following time that those two bells do made a change in the same place again4 ,and likewise in all peals1 where there are single and double bobs1 the same observations will also hold good1 in making the extreams either after the single or double bobs as before2 there being likewise #abj changes distance between the single bobs and also between the double bobs3 so that if the first extream is made at a single bob1 the second must then be made at the third following single bob1 and the like also at double bobs4 ,and such kind of observations1 according to the nature of the peal1 will guide the making of the second extream in any peal1 either upon five or six bells4 ,wherein 'tis observable1 that the second extream must always be made by the same two bells1 and in the same place where the first was made1 which two bells will in course lie apt for that purpose2 and the rest of the bells will also in course lie in the same places at the second extream where they lay at the first4 ,after the making of the first extream1 the method of the peal goeth on as if no extream had been made2 and also after the making of the second extream if any remaineth1 it also goes on1 until in course the bells come round4 ,in all compleat peals of doubles upon six bells there may also moveable extreams be made1 which are made according to this rule2 wheresoever any two of the extream bells are together1 and in course to lie still1 those two bells by making a change will thereby make the extream1 which is as effectual as the fixed extream1 the reason and ground of both being one and the same4 ,there are also two of these extreams in the peal1 and the second always made #cfj changes from the first1 and the making of it guided by such kind of observations as before4 ,when moveable extreams are made1 then there will be two triple changes in the #gbj2 but when fixed extreams are made1 then two singles4 ,the art of cross-pricking may receive a being from this consideration4 ,as every compleat peal of plain changes upon one number comprehends the compleat peals on all lesser numbers2 so likewise every compleat cross-peal must of necessity do the like1 although their cross course permits it not to be done so regularly and demonstrably as the former4 ,from whence may be inferr'd1 that every note in a cross-peal must of necessity lie as many times in one place1 as the rest of the notes are capable of making changes2 and also that two or more of the notes must jointly lie in the same places as many times1 as the remaining number are also capable of making changes3 this being a certain touchstone to prove all cross-peals after they are prickt1 and must be held as a principle on which to ground such methods of pricking1 that the course of all the notes may demonstrably tend to produce those effects4 ,and from hence it is1 that the whole hunt immediately derives the manner of its uniform motion through the courses of each peal4 ,and the changes in every course are as so many guides to conduct the rest of the notes in such sort1 that they may be prepared to lie at the last change of the course in apt places for each succeeding course to receive them1 and to perform the like4 ,now as the changes in all the courses of a peal are made alike1 except as before2 so in the composing of cross-peals1 by pricking of one course may soon be discovered1 whether or no a compleat ,peal will from thence arise4 99 99 99 99 99 ,cross ,peals4 ,the ,twenty four1 ,doubles and ,singles on four ,bells4 ,this peal consists equally of double and single changes2 one change is double1 the next single1 and so throughout4 #a is here the hunt1 and #b4c4d extream bells4 ,every double change is made on the two first and two last bells1 and every single on the two middle bells1 except when the #a leads1 and then behind which is call'd extream4 ,all the bells have a direct ,hunting course up and down until #a leads1 and then the bell in the second place lyeth still1 whilst the two hind-bells make a dodg2 which being made1 all the bells proceed again in their ,hunting course4 ,the three changes of 7a4b4c7 are the three extream changes4 #abcd #badc #bdac #dbca #dcba #cdab #cadb #acbd a #acdb #cabd #cbad #bcda #bdca #dbac #dabc #adcb b #adbc #dacb #dcab #cdba #cbda #bcad #bacd #abdc c #abcd ,there are three ways to make the extream changes4 ,first1 every time the hunt leads1 as in the peal here prickt2 secondly1 every time it lies behind2 thirdly1 every time it leads and lies behind3 in this last way there are six extream changes in the peal1 but in the other two ways1 only three extreams2 the extream changes must always be made betwixt the two farthest bells from the hunt4 ,any bell may hunt at pleasure1 and it may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal4 ,if the #ast or #c;d do hunt down1 or the #b;d or #dth up at the beginning1 the first change must be single1 and made of the back-stroke 7if 'tis rung at half-pulls7 to prevent cutting compass2 but if either of those bells do hunt the contrary way1 then the first change must be double4 ,old ,doubles and ,singles4 #a and #b4 ,one change is double1 the next single1 and so by turns4 ,the treble hath a direct hunting course1 as in plain changes4 ,every double change is on the four first bells1 and the treble is one of the two bells that makes every single change1 except when it leads1 and then the single is in the #c;d and #dth places2 but when #b lies next the treble1 then the single is behind1 which is call'd extream4 ,every time the treble leaves leading1 the two first bells continue slow dodging1 until the treble comes down and displaceth them4 ,and when the treble moves down out of the #eth place1 the bell that comes into it lies still there1 untill the treble comes thither again1 except when the extream change is made behind4 ,every bell lies twice together in the #c;d and #dth places1 except when the treble leads1 and also when it hinders them in hunting4 #abcde #eadcb ---------- #badce #aecdb #abedc #bdace #aedcb ,extre4 #dbcae ---------- #abecd #dbcea #acbed ---------- #bdeca #acebd #acdbe #bdeac ---------- #acbde #dbaec #abdce ---------- #dabec ,extre4 #adecb #adebc #abdec #adceb #adbec ---------- ---------- #daebc #aecbd #aebdc #deabc #aebcd #aedbc #edbac ---------- ---------- #edbca #acdeb #abced #decba #acedb ,extre4 #decab #adbce #abcde #edacb #adcbe ,this old peal may be rung by a new course1 which differs from the former only in the single changes that are made every time the whole-hunt leads1 viz4 every single may be made either in the #b;d and #c;d1 or #dth and #eth places4 ,if they are made in the #b;d and #c;d1 then the extreams must be made when the half-hunt lies behind2 but if they are made in the #dth and #eth places1 then the extreams must be made when the half-hunt lies next the whole-hunt1 the extreams being always made in the #c;d and #dth places4 ,london ,paradox4 #a and #b4 ,one change is double1 the next single1 and so by turns4 ,the motion of the treble is after this manner2 in hunting up1 first1 it makes a dodg in the #b;d and #c;d places1 then it lies twice in the #dth place1 and four times behind2 in which manner also it hunts down again1 and then leads four times4 ,the rest of the bells have a like course and motion with that of the treble1 untill the treble leads4 ,now 'tis observable1 that every single change is made in the #b;d and #c;d places until the treble leads1 and then in the #c;d and #dth places2 but when #b lies next the treble1 then an extream behind4 ,the changes at the leadings of thewhole-hunt have an absolute dependency upon the course of the twenty four changes1 doubles and singles upon four bells2 and the extreams to be made as many ways as in that peal1 which are here guided by the motion of the half-hunt4 #abcde ,extre4 #badce #abdec #bdace ---------- #badec #adbce #bdaec #adcbe #dbeac #acdeb #debac #acedb #dbeca ---------- #debca #aecbd #edcba #aebcd #ecdba #abedc #edcab ,extre4 #ecdab #abecd #ceadb ---------- #caedb #aebdc #ceabd #aedbc #caebd #adecb #acbed #adceb #acebd ---------- #aecdb #acdbe #aedcb #acbde ---------- #abced #adebc ,extre4 #adbec #abcde #abdce ,phnix #e and #d4 ,one change is double1 the next single1 and so by turns4 ,every bell leads twice1 and lies behind four times4 ,every single is made in the #b;d and #c;d places1 until the #eth comes behind1 and then in the #c;d and #dth places2 but when the #dth leads1 7the #eth being behind7 the single is in the #b;d and #c;d places4 #abcde #edabc #baced #eadbc #bcaed #aedcb #cbead #adecb #cebad #daceb #ecbda #dcaeb #ebcda #cdabe #bedca #cdbae #bdeca #dcabe #dbeac #dacbe #debac ,london pleasure4 #a and #b4 ,this peal in the former printing of it was prickt another way1 but ,i have here transposed that ,course1 which in my opinion renders it more easie and practical4 #abcde #bcaed #ceadb #aedcb #bacde #baced #cedab ---------- #bcade #abced #cedba #adecb #cbade #acbed #ecdba #adebc #cabde #acebd #ecdab #adbec #cadbe #acedb #ecadb #abdec #cdabe #caedb #eacdb ---------- #cdbae #caebd #aecdb #abdce #cdbea #cabed #aecbd #adbce #cbdea #cbaed #aebcd #adcbe #cbdae #cbead #abecd #adceb #bcdae #cbeda ---------- ---------- #bcdea #cebda #abedc #acdeb #bceda #cebad #aebdc #acdbe #bcead #ceabd #aedbc #acbde #abcde ,mr4 ,tendring's ,peal1 call'd ,grand ,paradox4 #a and #e4 ,one change is double1 the next single1 and so by turns4 ,the motion of the whole-hunt is after this manner3 first1 it moves up into the #b;d and #c;d places1 lying twice in each2 then it moves up and makes a dodg behind1 and then lieth still one change in the #eth place2 then it makes another dodg behind1 and so moves down into the #c;d and #b;d places lying twice in each as before1 and then leads four times4 ,every other bell hath a like course and motion with that of the treble until the leadings of the treble1 and then observe1 that every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading1 the double change is made on the two first and two last bells1 except when it goeth to lead if the half-hunt lies next it1 and then not4 ,every bell leads four times1 and every single is made behind4 ,the change wherein each bell leaves leading1 is always made on the four first bells1 except as before4 #abcde #decba #baecd #dcaeb #acebd #adebc #baced #decab #beadc #dcabe #acedb ---------- #bacde #edacb #beacd #daceb ---------- #acbed #bcaed #edabc #ebcad #dacbe #abdec #acbde #bcade #eadcb #ebcda #adceb #abdce #abced #cbdae #eadbc #ecbad #adcbe #adbec #abcde #cbdea #aebdc #ecbda #acdeb #adbce ---------- #cdbae #aebcd #cedba #acdbe ---------- #cdbea #abedc #cedab ---------- #aedcb #dceba #abecd #cdeba #aecbd #aedbc #dceab #baedc #cdeab #aecdb #adecb ,what you please1 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,every bell leads four times1 and lies behind twice1 except when the extream is made behind2 and twice in the second place1 except when the extream is made before3 and note1 when the treble is before the fourth stroke1 the single is in the #b;d and #c;d1 the next time the single is behind2 but at other times the single is in the #c;d and #dth places4 ,when any bell leaves leading the double change is on the two first and two last1 and the extreams are made by turns1 first behind1 then before1 and so on to the end1 for there are six extreams4 #abcde #cdeba #badce #debca #adceb #adbce #baced #cdbea #bacde #edbac #adecb #adcbe #baecd #dcbae #bcaed #edabc #aedbc #acdeb #beadc #dcabe #bcead #eadcb extre4extre4 #bedac #daceb #cbeda #eacdb #aedcb #acdbe #ebdca #daecb #cbdea #aecbd ---------- ---------- #ebcda #adebc #cdbae #aebcd #acbed #abecd #ecbad #adbec #cdabe #abedc #acebd #abced #ecabd #abdce #dcaeb extre4 #aecdb #acbde #ceadb extre4 #dceab #aebdc extre4extre4 #cedab #abdec #decba ---------- #acedb #abcde ---------- ,old ,doubles4 #a and #b4 ,the changes are all double1 except one single every time the treble leads4 ,the treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes1 and every other bell hath a like hunting course with that of the treble until the treble leads1 and then a single is made in the #c;d and #dth places2 but when the #b lies next the treble1 the single is behind which is call'd extream4 #abcde #acbed #eadcb #abdec #aebcd #adecb #badce #acebd #aecdb ---------- ---------- #adceb #bdaec #cabed #aedcb #adbce #abedc ---------- #dbeac #cbade ---------- #adcbe extre4 #acdbe #debca #bcdae #adebc ---------- #abecd #acbde #edcba #bdcea #adbec #acdeb ---------- ---------- #ecdab #dbeca ---------- #acedb #aebdc #abced #ceadb #debac #abdce ---------- #aedbc extre4 #caebd #edabc extre4 #aecbd ---------- #abcde ,new ,doubles4 #a and #b4 ,the changes are all double1 except one single at every leading of the treble4 ,the treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes2 and when it moves up from leading1 the two first bells dodg untill it comes down again and displaceth them4 ,every bell that comes into the #c;d place lies there twice1 and then moves up behind2 but the bell which lies there when the treble leaves leading1 moves down4 ,every bell lies twice behind1 except at the changes wherein the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading4 ,every time the treble leads1 a single change is then made in the #c;d and #dth places2 but when the #b lies next the treble1 an extream behind4 #abcde #acbed #eacbd #abdec ---------- #adceb #baced #acebd #aecdb ---------- #abedc ---------- #bcade #caedb #aedcb #adbce extre4 #acdbe #cbdae #ceabd ---------- #adcbe #abecd #acbde #bcdea #ecbad #adebc ---------- ---------- ---------- #cbeda #cebda #adbec #acdeb #aebdc #abced #bcead #ecdba ---------- #acedb #aedbc extre4 #cbaed #cedab #abdce ---------- ---------- #abcde #cabde #ecadb extre4 #aecbd #adecb #aebcd ,reding ,doubles4 #a and #b4 ,the treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes1 and when it moves up from leading the two first bells dodg until it comes down again and displaceth them2 and whilst they dodg before1 every bell that comes down into the #c;d place lies there twice1 and then moves up again behind4 ,but after the dodging all the bells go a direct hunting course up and down1 until the dodging again hindreth them as before4 ,every bell lies twice behind1 except when the treble leaves leading if the #b;d lies next it1 and then the double is made on the two first and two last bells2 by which means the two hind-bells then make a dodg1 which happens in course once in twenty changes1 that is1 every second time the treble leaves leading4 ,by this method it will go sixty changes1 and then an extream must be made4 ,the extreams in this peal may be made according to the preceding general rule set down in the ,introduction4 ,here the first extream is made at the end of sixty changes1 the bells lying #a #c #b2 and when they come to lie so again1 the second extream must be made2 the extream is made behind1 two of the extream bells lying there1 and the single is made in the #b;d and #c;d place at both the extreams4 #abcde #abecd #abced #baced #baedc ---------- #bcade #beacd #acebd #cbdae #ebcad #aecdb #bcdea #becda ---------- #cbeda #ebdca #adbec #bcead #bedac #abdce #cbaed #ebadc ---------- #cabde #eabcd #adcbe #acdbe #aecbd #acdeb #adceb #acedb ---------- #daecb ---------- #aebcd #deabc #adbce #abedc #edbac #abdec ---------- #debca ---------- #aedbc #edcba #adebc #adecb #decab #aedcb ---------- #edacb ---------- #acbde #eadbc #acbed extre4 #aebdc extre4 #abcde ,grandsire4 #a and #e4 ,the treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes1 and every other bell hath also a like hunting course with that of the treble except when the bobs hinder4 ,the bobs are double changes1 and made on the two first and two last bells according to this rule1 viz4 every time the treble goes to lead and leaves leading1 a bob-change is then made1 except the #eth lying next it makes a change there with it1 and then not4 ,now 'tis observable1 that once in twenty changes1 that is1 at every second leading of the treble1 the #eth lies next it1 and consequently there is but one bob-change then to be made1 but at other times two2 so that at one leading of the treble there is but one bob-change made1 at the next leading there are two1 and so successively by turns1 which for distinction may be call'd single and double bobs1 ,the two bells that dodg behind at a bob continue there dodging until the treble comes up and displaceth them1 and at every bob-change the bell in the #c;d place lieth still1 and then moves down to lead4 ,by this method it will go sixty changes2 and to carry on the course extreams must be made1 there being two in the peal4 ,the manner of making an extream ,i have at large shewed in the ,introduction1 and the extreams may here be made in any place according to the general rule there set down4 ,the easiest way in practice is to make them at the leadings of the treble2 at any single bob it maybe made behind1 two of the extream bells lying there1 and to lie still whilst the bells in the #b;d and #c;d places do make the single change3 at any double bob it may be made in the #b;d and #c;d places1 so that the single must there be made behind4 ,if the first extream is made at the single bob1 the second must be made at the third following single bob2 or if the first is made at a double bob1 the second must be made at the third double bob following1 as in this peal here prickt1 where the first extream is made at a double bob1 and the second also made at the third following double bob4 #abcde #ebadc #ebdca #baced #eabcd #becda #bcade #aecbd #bcead #cbdae #acedb #cbaed #cdbea #caebd #cabde #dceba #ceadb #acbed #decab #ecdab extre4 #edacb #edcba #acbde #eadbc #debca ---------- #aebdc #dbeac #aecdb #abecd #bdaec #acebd #baedc #badce ---------- #beacd #abdec #adbec #ebcad #adbce #abdce #ecbda #dabec ---------- #cedba #dbace #aebcd #cdeab #bdcae #abedc #dcaeb #bcdea ---------- #dacbe #cbeda #acdeb #adceb #cebad #adcbe #acdbe #ecabd ---------- #cadeb #eacdb #aedbc #cdabe #aedcb #adecb #dcbae #adebc ---------- #dbcea #daecb #abced #bdeca #deabc extre4 #bedac #edbac #abcde ,this peal will go with any hunts1 and to begin it on the four hind bells2 but then in ringing it at half-pulls1 the first change being made at back-stroke to prevent cutting compass1 the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-stroke change4 ,therefore the better way is to begin it on the four first bells1 which may also be done with any hunts1 excepting #a4c1 #a4e4 and #b4c1 #b4d1 #b4e1 wherein the first change of each may be a bob4 ,and observe1 that in any way of beginning it1 the bells must all proceed in such a perfect hunting course as the first change directs them1 until the first bob comes to be made4 ,old ,triples and ,doubles4 ,one change is triple1 the next double1 and so by turns1 except one single at the end of every sixty changes4 ,every triple change is made on the two first1 the two middle1 and two last bells2 and every double is made on the four middle bells1 except when the hunt leads and then on the four hind bells4 ,treble is here the hunt1 and hath a direct hunting course up and down as in plain changes3 the rest of the bells have also a direct hunting course up and down except when the treble leads1 and then each bell that was hunting up 7except that in the #b;d place7 makes a dodge with the next bell below it1 and then proceeds forward again in its course up2 and each bell which at the same time was hunting down1 makes a dodg with the next bell above it1 and so proceedeth forward in its course down2 which method will carry on the peal five courses of the hunt1 that is sixty changes as they are here prickt4 ,in the #abj there is also a half-hunt2 and when the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lies next it1 a single change must then be made1 either in the #c;d and #dth1 or #eth and #fth places2 but observing when the half-hunt comes again to lie next the whole-hunt1 another single change must be made in the same place where the first was made4 ,these single changes are called extreams1 there being two in every sixscore1 and the last of them always falls out in course to be made just #fj changes from the first1 that is1 at the fifth leading of the whole hunt after the first extream4 #abcdef #acebfd #aefcdb #afdebc #adbfce #badcfe #cabedf #eacfbd #faedcb #dafbec #bdafce #cbadef #ecabfd #feacdb #dfaebc #dbfaec #bcdafe #cebadf #efcabd #fdeacb #dfbeac #bdcfae #cbedaf #ecfbad #fedcab #fdebca #dbfcea #bcdefa #cebfda #efcdba #fedcba #dfbeca #bdcfea #cbedfa #ecfbda #efcdab #fdebac #dbfcae #bcdeaf #cebfad #ecfadb #fedabc #dfbace #bdcaef #cbeafd #ceafbd #efadcb #fdabec #dbacfe #bcaedf #caebfd #eafcdb #fadebc #dabfce #bacdef #acbedf #aecfbd #afedcb #adfbec #abdcfe ,in the #bdj there is also a half-hunt2 and when the whole-hunt leads1 and the half-hunt lies next it1 a single change being then made in the #dth and #eth places1 will bring the bells round at twelvescore1 there being four singles in the peal1 one of which falls in the course at the end of every sixty changes4 ,in the #gbj there is a whole1 half1 and quarter hunt1 and every time the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lies next it1 a single change must then be made in the #dth and #eth places as in the twelvescore2 but when the quarter-hunt lies next the half-hunt1 that is1 when the three hunts come together before1 7which always happen at the end of every twelvescore7 then the single must be made behind1 which is call'd extream1 there being three of them in the peal4 ,the sevenscore and four triples and doubles are the same with the former except at the leadings of the treble1 and then a single is always made in the #c;d and #dth places2 but when the #b lies next the treble1 an extream is made in the #dth and #eth places4 ,this peal is grounded on the twenty four doubles and singles1 the four middle bells making them at the leadings of the treble4 ,grandsire ,bob4 #a1 #b and #d4 ,the general method of this peal is the same with that next before1 but with this difference2 whereas in that peal singles were made at the end of every sixty changes to carry on the course1 in this there are double changes made in their stead1 which are called ,bob-changes1 and made when the treble leads in the #b;d and #c;d and the #eth and #fth places1 whereas at other times the double is there made on the four hind bells4 ,the ,practitioner may observe these rules in the ringing of it1 viz4 whatsoever bells he followeth when he hunteth up1 he must follow the same bells again1 and in the same order1 the next time he hunts down1 as in these changes here prickt2 where the treble in hunting up first follows #b1 then #d1 and then #f2 and when it comes behind1 first it follows #b again1 then in its hunting down it follows #d and #f in the same order as when it hunted up2 which is also observed in the ringing of any other bell1 but with this difference betwixt the whole-hunt and the rest of the bells1 viz4 ,every time the whole-hunt leaves the treble's place and hunts up1 it followeth different bells from what it did in its former hunting up1 as may be seen in this example3 where in its first hunting up it first follows #b1 then #d1 then #f2 whereas in the next hunting up it first follows #c1 then #b1 then #d4 ,but the first time any other bell leads after a bob1 whatsoever bells it then follows in its hunting up1 it follows the same bells likewise and in the same order every time it hunts up1 and consequently every time it hunts down unto the next bob2 as in this example1 where #b in its first hunting up1 first follows #d1 then #f1 then #e1 and likewise when it next hunts up it follows #dfe as before1 c4 ,but when the whole-hunt is the second bell which he follows in hunting up1 he must follow it again when he next lies behind4 #abcdef #badcfe #bdafce #dbfaec #dfbeac #fdebca #fedcba #efcdab #ecfadb #ceafbd #caebfd #acbedf #acebfd #cabedf #cbadef #bcdafe #bdcfae #dbfcea #dfbeca #fdebac ',tis observable1 that at every leading of the treble the two hind bells dodg2 and whensoever the half-hunt dodgeth there1 a bob must then be made1 except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it1 and then not2 which is an infallible rule1 by which he that rings the half-hunt may always give notice of the bobs as well when the peal is inverted1 as in the ordinary way of ringing it4 ,the bobs fall out in course single and double1 the one single1 the next double2 and so by turns2 there being three single bobs and three double bobs in the eighteenscore1 and consequently six of each in the #gbj4 ,the aforesaid method being observed1 will carry on the course of the peal to the end of eighteenscore1 which is just half the #gbj1 and then it terminates1 as appears in the eighteenscore here prickt3 but by making an extream that number may be doubled2 for then eighteenscore changes more will go in course according to the former method2 and another extream being likewise made at the end of the last eighteenscore will compleat the #gbj4 ,the manner of making an extream ,i have shewed at large in the ,introduction1 page #ij4 where ,i have also set down a general rule for making them1 to which ,i refer4 ,the first extream may be made either the first1 second1 or third time that the half and quarter hunts dodg behind2 or else at the first1 second1 or third single bob2 at either of which places the single must be made behind4 #acbedf #afedcb #acbdfe #dbaecf #adbefc #abcdef bob4 #acdbef #dabcef ------------ #badcfe #aefdbc #cabdfe #adcbfe #abdfec #bdafce #eadfcb #cbafde #adbcef #abfdce #dbfaec #decabf #bcfaed bob4 ------------ #dfbeac #dcebaf #bfcead ------------ #afbcde #fdebca #cdbefa #fbecda #abdecf #afcbed #fedcba #cbdfea #febdca #abedfc ------------ #efcdab #bcfdae #efdbac ------------ #acfebd #ecfadb #bfcade #edfabc #aebfdc #acefdb #ceafbd #fbaced #deafcb #aefbcd ------------ #caebfd #fabecd #daecfb ------------ #aecdfb #acebfd #afebdc #dfabce #afecbd bob4 #cabedf #afbecd #adcebf #afcedb #acedbf #cbadef #faebdc bob4 ------------ ------------ #bcdafe #feadbc #acdefb #acfdeb #aecbdf #bdcfae #efdacb #caedbf #afcdbe #aebcfd #dbfcea #edfcab #ceabdf ------------ ------------ #dfbeca #decfba #ecbafd #acfbde #abefcd #fdebac #dcebfa #ebcfad #acbfed #abfedc #fedabc #edfcba #befcda ------------ ------------ #efadcb #cdbeaf #bfedca #abcefd #afbdec #eafcdb #cbdaef #fbdeac #abecdf #afdbce #aecfbd #bcadfe #fdbaec ------------ ------------ #aefcdb #bacfde #dafcbe #aebdcf #adfcbe #eacfbd #abfced #adcfeb #aedbfc bob4 #ecabfd #abcfde bob4 ------------ #afdceb #cebadf #bafced #acdfbe #adefbc ------------ #edacfb #bfaecd #cafdeb bob4 #adfecb #cbedaf #fbeadc #cfaedb #aedfcb bob4 #bcdefa #febdac #fceabd ------------ #afdebc #bdcfea #efdbca #fecbad #adecfb ------------ #dbfcae #decfab #efbcda bob4 #adfbec #dfbace #dceafb #ebfdca #aedcbf #adbfce #fdabec #cdaebf #bedfac ------------ ------------ #fadebc #cadbef #bdeafc #adebcf #abdcfe ,here are eighteenscore changes wanting one1 which one if it were made double as the former1 would bring the bells round1 therefore an extream must be made as in this change #abcdfe1 the two hind bells making the extream1 and the bells in the #c;d and #dth places making the single4 ,now in regard that this extream is made the second time the whole-hunt leads after a double bob1 therefore the second extream must be made the second time the whole-hunt leads after the third double bob following4 ,this peal may be rung with any hunts1 and to begin the changes triple and double as in this here prickt4 ,illustration3 ,fleuron ,fifty three ,,london-,peals upon ,five1 ,six1 ,seven1 and ,eight ,bells1 composed by ,f4,s4 ,crambo4 ,the changes are all single2 it hath a perfect course1 and may be prickt many ways4 #abcde #decab #bcead #ceadb #acbed #dacbe #bacde #edcab #cbead #ceabd #acbde #adcbe #badce #edacb #cbaed #ecabd #cabde #adceb #bdace #deacb #bcaed #eacbd #cadbe #adecb #bdaec #deabc #bcade #eacdb #acdbe #daecb #dbaec #edabc #cbade #aecdb #acdeb #daebc #dbace #edbac #cbdae #aedcb #cadeb #adebc #dbcae #ebdac #bcdae #eadcb #cdaeb #adbec #bdcae #ebdca #bcdea #eadbc #cdabe #dabec #bdcea #bedca #cbdea #aedbc #dcabe #dabce #dbcea #bedac #cbeda #aebdc #dcbae #adbce #dbeca #beadc #cebda #eabdc #cdbae #abdce #bdeca #ebadc #cebad #eabcd #cdbea #badec #bdeac #ebacd #ecbad #aebcd #dcbea #abdec #dbeac #beacd #ecbda #aecbd #dceba #baedc #debac #becad #ecdba #acebd #cdeba #abedc #debca #ebcad #cedba #acedb #cdeab #abecd #edbca #ebcda #cedab #caedb #dceab #baecd #edcba #becda #ecdab #caebd #dcaeb #baced #decba #bceda #ecadb #cabed #daceb #abced #abcde ,the ,primrose4 #a and #b4 ,the treble hath a perfect course as in plain changes4 ,and when it hunts up out of the #b;d place it makes two singles together1 and the like when it hunteth down4 ,when it leads1 the single is in the #c;d and #dth places1 except when #b lies next it1 and then an extream behind4 ,every bell 7except the treble7 leads four times1 and lies still behind untill the treble displaceth it1 except at the extream4 #abcde #eadcb #aebcd #badce #aecdb ---------- #bdace #aedcb #abedc #bdcae ---------- ,extre4 #bcdea #adebc #abecd #cbeda #adbec ---------- #cebad ---------- #aebdc #ceabd #abdce #aedbc #caebd ,extre4 ---------- #acbed #abdec #adecb #acebd ---------- #adceb #cabed #adbce ---------- #cbaed #adcbe #acdbe #cbead ---------- #acbde #cebda #acdeb ---------- #ecdba #acedb #abced #edcab ---------- ,extre4 #edacb #aecbd #abcde ,orpheus4 #abcde #adbec #cdabe #edcab #cbeda #ebacd #acbed #daebc #dcaeb #ecdba #bcead #eabdc #acbde #daecb #dcabe #ecdab #bceda #eabcd #cabed #deabc #cdbae #cedba #becad #aebdc #cabde #deacb #cdbea #cedab #becda #aebcd #cbaed #edabc #cbdae #ecadb #ebcad #abedc #cbade #edacb #cbdea #ecabd #ebcda #abecd #bcaed #eadbc #bcdae #eacdb #bedca #baedc #bcade #eadcb #bcdea #eacbd #bedac #baecd #baced #aedbc #bdcae #aecdb #bdeca #abced #bacde #aedcb #bdcea #aecbd #bdeac #abcde #abdce #adebc #dbcae #acedb #dbeca #abdec #adecb #dbcea #acebd #dbeac #badce #daceb #dcbae #caedb #debca #badec #dacbe #dcbea #caebd #debac #bdace #adceb #cdeba #ceadb #edbca #bdaec #adcbe #cdeab #ceabd #edbac #dbace #acdeb #dceba #ecbad #ebdca #dbaec #acdbe #dceab #ecbda #ebdac #dabce #cadeb #decba #cebad #beadc #dabec #cadbe #decab #cebda #beacd #adbce #cdaeb #edcba #cbead #ebadc ,one change is double1 the next single1 and so by turns4 ,new ,doubles and ,singles4 #a and #b4 ,one change is double1 the next single1 and so by turns4 ,the treble hath a direct hunting course up and down as in plain changes1 and every time it goeth to lead and leaves leading1 the change is double on the two first and two last bells1 the rest of the double changes are on the four first4 ,the treble is one of the two bells that makes every single change except when it leads1 and then the single is made in the #c;d and #dth places2 but when the #b lies next the #a1 then an extream is made behind4 ,when the treble leaves the two first bells1 they continue slow dogding until treble comes down and displaceth them4 ,every bell 7except the treble7 lieth twice in the #c;d place4 #abcde #eacbd #aebcd #baced #aecdb ---------- #bcaed #aedcb #abedc #cbead ---------- ,extre4 #cbeda #adebc #abecd #bcdea #adbec ---------- #bcdae ---------- #aebdc #cbade #abdce #aedbc #cabde ,extre4 ---------- #acbed #abdec #adecb #acebd ---------- #adceb #caedb #adbce ---------- #ceadb #adcbe #acdbe #ecdab ---------- #acbde #ecdba #acdeb ---------- #cebda #acedb #abced #cebad ---------- ,extre4 #ecabd #aecbd #abcde ,the ,morning ,star4 #a and #b4 ,the treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes2 and every time it hunts up1 it makes two singles together1 and the like when it hunts down3 when it leads the single is behind1 but when #b lies next it an extream is made in the #c;d and #dth places4 ,every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading1 the double is on the two first and two last bells1 and every bell except the treble leads four times together4 #abcde #eadcb #adebc #aebdc ---------- #baced #edacb #adecb ---------- #adbec #bcaed #edcab ---------- #acdbe #adbce #bcead #ecdba #abced #acdeb ---------- #becda #cebda extre4 ---------- #aecbd #ebdca #cbead #abecd #abedc #aecdb #edbac #cbaed ---------- extre4 ---------- #edabc #cabed #adceb #abdec #abdce #eadbc #acbde #adcbe ---------- extre4 #aedcb #acbed ---------- #acedb #abcde #aedbc ---------- #aebcd #acebd ,the ,quirister4 #a and #b4 ,this peal consists most of double changes2 the treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes1 and every time it hunts up and down it makes a single in the #c;d and #dth places2 and when it leads1 the single is behind1 but when #b lies next it an extream is made in the #c;d and #dth places4 #abcde #cbead #aebcd #baced #cebda #aebdc #bcade #ecdba ---------- #bcdae #edcab #adceb #bdcea #edacb #adcbe #dbeca #eadbc ---------- #debac #aedcb #abedc #deabc #aedbc extre4 #daecb #eadcb #abdec #adebc #edabc ---------- #adecb #edbac #aecbd #daebc #ebdca #aecdb #deacb #becda ---------- #decab #bcead #adbec #dceba #bcaed #adbce #cdbea #bacde ---------- #cbdae #abced #acedb #cbade extre4 #acebd #cabed #abecd ---------- #acbde ---------- #abdce #acbed #acdbe extre4 #cabde #acdeb #abcde #cbaed ---------- ,when the treble leaves the two hind bells1 they continue dodging untill it comes up again and displaceth them1 and then they hunt directly down2 the first to lead1 and the other into the #b;d place3 that which moves to lead1 having lead four times1 gives place to the treble2 but when the ,treble hath done leading it takes the treble's place again1 and leads four times more and then hunts directly up2 the other bell which moved down into the #b;d place lies there twice1 and then the ,treble in hunting down moves it into the #c;d place where it lies still1 untill the ,treble in hunting up moves it back into the #b;d place1 where having lain twice it hunteth up4 ,this ,peal is as musical1 easie1 and practical as any of this kind that ever was prickt4 ,the ,faulcon4 #a and #b4 ,this ,peal consists most of double changes4 ,the treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes1 and every time it hunts up and down it makes a single in the #c;d and #dth places1 and when it leads a single is also made there1 but when #b lies next it the extream is made behind4 ,when the treble leaves the two first bells they continue there until it comes down again and displaceth them1 but observe1 when the treble moves into the #eth place1 and again from thence1 the double is on the two first and two last bells1 by means of which the two first bells then dodg1 but before and after they lie still4 ,every bell lies twice in the #c;d place and then hunts up1 except that which lies there when the treble leaves leading4 #abcde #ecbda ---------- #aebdc #baced #cedba #adbce #aedbc #bcade #ecdab #adcbe ---------- #bcdae #ecadb ---------- #adecb #cbdea #eacbd #acdeb #adceb #bceda #aecdb #acedb ---------- #cbead #aedcb ---------- #acdbe #cbaed ---------- #aecbd #acbde #cabde #adebc #aebcd ---------- #acbed #adbec ---------- #abced #acebd ---------- #abedc extre4 #caedb #abdce extre4 #abcde #ceabd extre4 #abecd #cebad #abdec ---------- ,merry ,andrew4 #a and #b4 ,one change is double1 the next single1 and so by turns4 ,the treble leads four times1 lies behind four times1 and twice in every other place4 ,every other bell leads four times4 ,when the treble leaves the two hind-bells1 they continue dodging untill it comes up again and displaceth them4 ,every single is made behind until the treble hinders1 and then in the #b;d and #c;d places4 ,when the treble leads and the #b;d lies next it1 then an extream is made in the #c;d and #dth places4 ,when the treble goes to lead and leaves leading1 the double is on the two first and two last bells1 and when every other bell goes to lead and leaves leading1 the double in on the four first4 #abcde #eadbc #bcead #aebdc #baced #aedcb #cbaed #aebcd #bacde #aedbc #cbade #abedc #bcaed #adecb #cabed extre4 #bcade #adebc #cabde #abdec #cbdae #daecb #acbed ---------- #cdbae #daebc #acbde #acedb #cbdea #deacb #abced #acebd #cdbea #deabc extre4 #aecdb #dceba #edbac #abecd #aecbd #decba #ebdac ---------- ---------- #dceab #edbca #adceb #adbce #decab #ebdca #adcbe #adbec #edacb #becda #acdeb #abdce #edabc #bceda #acdbe extre4 #eadcb #becad ---------- #abcde ,may-day4 #a and #e4 ,one change is double1 the next single1 and so by turns4 ,when the treble goes to lead and leaves leading1 the double is on the two first and two last bells2 and when every other bell goes to lead and leaves leading1 the double is on the four first4 ,the treble hath a constant dodging course1 for in its hunting up it first makes a dodg in the second and third places1 and then another behind1 and then it lies still one change in the #eth place2 then in its hunting down it makes another dodg behind1 and also another in the #b;d and #c;d places1 and then leads four times4 ,so that the treble in one of the two bells that makes every single until it leads1 and then 'tis made in the #b;d and #c;d places1 except when the #eth lies behind1 and then an extream is made in the #c;d and #dth places4 ,when the treble leaves the two hind-bells they continue slow dodging1 until it comes up again and displaceth them4 ,every bell leads four times4 #abcde #deacb #abedc #baced #daebc #aebcd #bcaed #deabc #abecd #bacde #edbac ---------- #bcade #edbca #adceb #cbdae #ebdac #acdeb #cbdea #ebdca #adcbe #cdbae #becda ,extre4 #cdbea #becad #adbce #dceba #bceda ---------- #dceab #bcead #aecbd #decba #cbaed #acebd #decab #cabed #aecdb #edacb #cbade #acedb #eadcb #cabde ---------- #edabc #acbed #abdec #eadbc #abced #adbec #aedcb #acbde #abdce #adecb ,extre4,extre4 #aedbc #acdbe #abcde #adebc ---------- #daecb #aebdc ,st4 ,dunstan's ,doubles4 #a and #b4 ,the changes are all double except one single every #b;d time the treble leads1 there being six in the peal4 ,the treble is a perfect hunt2 and every time it goeth to lead and leaves leading1 the double is made on the two first and two last bells1 at which changes the bells in the #c;d place lie still and then move down1 and the two hind-bells at the same time dodg3 but at other times all the bells have a direct hunting course4 ,when the treble leads1 and the #b;d lieth either in the #b;d or #c;d places1 then a single must always be made betwixt the two next extream bells to the #b;d4 #abcde #acbde #abdec #baced ---------- ---------- #bcade #aedbc #acedb #cbdae #adecb #aecbd #cdbea ---------- ---------- #dceba #abced #adbce #decab extre4 single4 #edacb #abecd #adbec #eadbc ---------- ---------- #aedcb #adceb #acebd #adebc #acdbe #aecdb #daecb ---------- ---------- #deabc #aebdc #abdce #edbac single4,extre4 #ebdca #aebcd #abcde #becda ---------- #bcead #adcbe #cbaed #acdeb #cabde ---------- #acbed #abedc single4extre4 ,church ,doubles4 #a and #b4 ,the changes are all double except six singles as the former4 ,the treble is a perfect hunt2 and every time it moves up into the #eth place1 and also out of it1 the double is then made on the two first and two last bells1 at which time the bells in the #c;d place do lie still and then move up2 and the two first bells at the same time dodg4 ,when the treble leads1 and the #b;d lieth either in the #b;d or #c;d places1 then a single must always be made betwixt the two next extream bells to the #b;d4 #abcde #acbed #adcbe #badce single4 ---------- #bdaec #acbde #abedc #dbeac ---------- ,extre4 #bdeca #adecb #abdec #dbcea #aedbc ---------- #bdcae ---------- #aecbd #dbace #abced #acedb #dabec ,extre4 ---------- #adebc #abecd #adbce #aedcb ---------- single4 #eacdb #acdbe #adbec #ecabd #adceb ---------- #cebad ---------- #aecdb #ecbda #aebdc #acebd #cedba single4 ---------- #ecdab #aebcd #abdce #ceadb ---------- ,extre4 #caebd #acdeb #abcde ,in this and the former peal the singles may be made in another manner1 viz4 when the whole-hunt leads1 and the half-hunt lieth either in the #dth or #eth places1 a single must then be made betwixt the two next bells to the half-hunt2 but at other times a double change to be made when the whole-hunt leads1 as in the former way4 ,stedman's ,principle4 ,the changes are all double1 two singles excepted4 ,one double is made on the two first and two last bells1 the next on the four last1 and so by turns successively2 excepting every sixth change1 which is double on the four first bells1 and for distinction is called a ,parting change4 ,all the bells have a like course4 ,the general method is this2 the three first bells go the six changes1 and the two hind-bells in the mean time dodg2 then a ,parting change is made which parts the two hind-bells1 moving that in the fourth place down into the #c;d1 and that in the #c;d place up into the #dth1 and then the three first bells go the six again1 the two hind-bells in in the mean time dodging as before2 and then another ,parting change is made1 and so successively on4 ,every bell that comes behind continues there dodging six changes with one bell and six with another1 and then in course the ,parting change brings it down4 ,one six cuts compass1 the next doth not1 and so by turns successively4 ,in the six which cut compass the two first bells of the three makes the first change of it1 but in the other the two last of the three4 ,by this method the peal will go sixty changes1 and to carry it on farther extreams must be made4 ,an extream is made by the lying still of two bells when in course they should make a change1 as before ,i have shewed more fully in the ,introduction1 page #ij4 but withall observing1 that whereas in this peal the bells have all a like course1 therefore they may all be termed extream bells1 and consequently the extreams to be made according to this general rule1 viz4 the first extream may be made by any two bells that are in course to make a change within the compass of the first sixty changes of the peal2 and the second extream must be made according to this rule4 ,whatsoever two bells are dodging behind at the first extream1 when the same two bells come to dodg there again1 is a certain warning for the second extream to be then made4 ,and observe1 how many changes the first extream is made from a parting change2 so many likewise must the last extream be made after a ,parting change also4 ,and the single and extream comes in course each of them to be made in the same place and by the same bells at the last extream1 as they were at the first4 ,here the singles are made behind1 and the extreams in the #b;d and #c;d places2 and as the #dth and #eth bells do dodg behind at the first extream1 so likewise when they come to dodg there again1 the second extream is then made1 the treble leading at both of them1 as appeareth in the peal here prickt4 #abcde #dbace #ebdca #bdeac #eacbd #baced #dabec #becda #dbaec #aecdb #bcade #adebc #ebcad #bdace #acebd #cbdae #daecb #ecbda #badec #caedb #bcdea #deabc #cebad #abdce #ceabd #bdcae #edacb #cbeda #adbec #ecadb #dbcea #eadbc #bcead #dabce #cedab #dcbae #aedcb #cbaed #adcbe #cdeba #cdbea #eacdb #cabde #acdeb #dceab #dceba #ecabd #acbed #cadbe #decba #decab #ceadb extre4 #cdaeb #edcab #edcba #caebd #acbde #dcabe #ecdba #ecdab #acedb #cabed #daceb #cebda #cedba #aecbd #cbade #adecb #ecbad #cdeab #eabcd #bcdae #daebc #ebcda #dcaeb #aebdc #cbdea #deacb #becad #cdabe #abecd #cdbae #edabc #bceda #cadeb #baedc #dcbea #eadcb #cbead #acdbe #beacd #dbcae #aedbc #bcaed #adceb #ebadc #bdcea #eabdc #bacde #dacbe #bedac #dbeca #ebacd #abced #adbce #bdeca #debac #beadc extre4 #abdec #dbeac #edbca #baecd #abcde #badce #debca #ebdac #abedc #bdaec #edbac #bedca #aebcd ,the first ,parting change is here made the third change at the beginning1 and that six cuts compass4 ,in all the several ways of ringing this peal1 if the ,parting changes are made at the fore-stroke1 as in course they are in this here prickt1 then cutting compass is always on the same sixes1 as in this peal3 but when the ,parting changes are made at back-stroke1 then the contrary six always cuts compass to what doth here4 ,peals upon ,six ,bells4 ,the single ,method4 ,the changes are all single1 and treble is the hunt4 ,when the treble moves up out of the #b;d place1 the two first bells continue slow dodging untill the treble comes there again4 ,and when the treble moves down out of the fourth place1 the two hind-bells likewise continue slow dodging until the treble comes there again4 ,when the treble leads1 7if 'tis rung at half-pulls7 the fore-stroke change 7that is1 at the third stroke of the treble's leading7 is made in the #c;d and #dth places1 the rest of the changes there are made behind4 ,by this method it will go sixscore changes4 #abcdef #acebfd #afdbec #bacdef ------------ #afdbce #bacdfe #aecfdb ------------ #bcadfe #aecfbd #adfceb #bcadef ------------ #adfcbe #cbadef #acefbd ------------ #cbdaef #acefdb #afdcbe #bcdaef ------------ #afdceb #bcdeaf #aecdbf ------------ #cbdeaf #aecdfb #adfebc #cbdefa ------------ #adfecb #bcdefa #acedfb ------------ #bcedfa #acedbf #afdecb #cbedfa ------------ #afdebc #cbedaf #aecbfd ------------ #bcedaf #aecbdf #adfbce #bceadf #aebcdf #adfbec #cbeadf #aebcfd #adbfec #cbaedf ------------ #adbfce #cabedf #abefdc ------------ #cabefd #abefcd #abdcef #acbefd #abfecd #abdcfe #acbedf #abfedc #abcdfe #acebdf ------------ #abcdef #afbdce #afbdec ,to ring #bdj4 ,when the whole-hunt leads1 and the half-hunt dodgeth behind2 the fore-stroke change must then be made in the #b;d and #c;d places1 as in this here prickt1 where the #b;d is the half-hunt and there are little marks set at the fore-stroke changes4 ,to ring #cfj4 ,when the whole-hunt leads1 and the half and quarter-hunts dodg behind1 the fore-stroke change must then be made in the #b;d and #c;d places as before4 ,to ring #gbj4 ,when the whole-hunt leads1 and the half-hunt dodgeth behind1 the fore-stroke change must then be made in the #b;d and #c;d places as before1 except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with the half-hunt1 and then in the #c;d and #dth places as at other times4 ,the #b;d an #dth1 or the #b;d and #fth may be the half and quarter-hunts1 or others at pleasure4 8,note1 in all the following peals upon six bells1 the bobs are double changes1 and always made at the leadings of the whole hunt 7except ,no-nsuch ,bob1 for there the ,bobs are made at the change wherein the whole-hunt goeth to lead1 and not when it doth lead47 ,and whereas in the following peals the directions for calling bob runs thus2 viz4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind1 a ,bob must then be made1 c4 'tis there implied1 ,that whereas every time the whole-hunt leads1 the two hind-bells then dodg2 therefore when the half-hunt dodgeth there at the leading of the whole-hunt1 a bob must then be made4 ,and in like manner also must all the bobs in the following peals be made at the leading of the whole-hunt4 ,he that rings the half-hunt may best call bob in all peals40 ,a ,cure for ,melancholly4 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,the ,treble is the whole-hunt which leads four times1 lieth behind as many1 and twice in every other place4 ,when it moves up out of the fourth place1 the two bells in the third and fourth places continue dodging until it comes down there again1 and then the two hind-bells dodg until the ,treble displaceth them4 ,the ,treble is one of the bells which maketh every double change1 except when it lieth still behind1 and then the double is on the four first1 and also when it leads the double is on the four last4 ,every single is made in the fifth and sixth places1 except when the ,treble lieth there1 and then in the third and fourth places4 ,every bell except the ,treble lieth four times in the second place4 ,by this method it will go sixscore changes1 but by making of bobs it will go #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,the bob is a double change at the leading of the ,treble1 wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still4 #abcdef #acdfbe #bacdfe ------------ #bacdef #afbcde #bcadfe #afbced #bcadef #afcbde #bcdafe #afcbed #bcdaef ------------ #bdceaf #abefcd #bdecaf #abefdc #bdcefa #abfecd #bdecfa #abfedc #dbcefa ------------ #dbecfa #aedbfc #dbceaf #aedbcf #dbecaf #aebdfc #debacf #aebdcf #debafc ------------ #deabcf #adcebf #deabfc #adcefb #daebcf bob #daebfc #acdebf #adebcf #acdefb #adebfc ------------ #adbecf #aefdbc #adbefc #aefdcb ------------ bob #aefdbc #afedbc #aefdcb #afedcb bob ------------ #afedbc #acbfed #afedcb #acbfde ------------ #acfbed #adcfeb #acfbde #adcfbe ------------ bob #abdcfe #acdfeb #abdcef #abcdfe #abcdef ------------ ,to ring #bdj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind1 a bob must then be made as in this here prickt1 where #b is the half-hunt4 ,to ring #cfj4 ,every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind1 a bob must then be made4 ,to ring #gbj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made1 except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it1 and then not4 #b may be the half hunt1 and #d the quarter hunt1 or others at pleasure4 ,the ,morning ,exercise4 ,doubles and singles4 ,the treble is the whole hunt1 and hunteth up into the #b;d1 #c;d and #dth places1 lying twice in each2 then having made a dodg behind1 it lyeth still in the sixth place1 and then makes another dodg behind1 and so hunts down in the same manner as it hunted up1 and then leads four times4 ,when the ,treble moves down out of the fifth place1 the two hind-bells dodge untill it comes up there again2 during which time the bell in the #dth place lieth still4 ,and when the ,treble moves up out of the second place1 each bell that comes there lieth four times1 until the ,treble comes down there again4 ,every single is made behind4 ,by this method it will go #abj changes2 and by making of bobs it will go #bdj1 #cfj1 or #bgj4 ,at the bobs the bell in the #b;d place always lieth still4 #abcdef ------------ #adbcfe #bacdfe #afdceb #adbcef #bacdef #afdcbe ------------ #bcadfe bob #adfecb #bcadef #afcdeb #adfebc #bcdafe #afcdbe bob #bcdaef ------------ #adefcb #bdceaf #afebdc #adefbc #bdcefa #afebcd ------------ #bdecaf #aefbdc #adcbfe #bdecfa #aefbcd #adcbef #bedfca ------------ #acdbfe #bedfac #aedcbf #acdbef #befdca #aedcfb ------------ #befdac bob #acfebd #bfeadc #aecdbf #acfedb #bfeacd #aecdfb bob #bfaedc ------------ #acefbd #bfaecd #aebfdc #acefdb #bafedc #aebfcd ------------ #bafecd #abefdc #acbdfe #abfedc #abefcd #acbdef #abfecd ------------ #abcdfe #afbedc #abdcfe #abcdef #afbecd #abdcef ,to ring #bdj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind1 a bob must then be made1 as in this here prickt1 where #b is the half-hunt4 ,the warning for the bobs in the #cfj and #gbj1 is the same with that in the peal next before3 #b may be the half-hunt1 and #d the quarter-hunt1 or others at pleasure4 ,the ,city ,delight4 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,treble is the whole-hunt1 and lieth four times before1 four times behind1 and twice in every other place4 ,when it moves up out of the third place1 the singles are made in the second and third places until it comes there again1 and then behind until it moves up again out of the third place4 ,when it moves down out of the fourth place1 the two hind-bells dodg until it comes up there again1 during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still4 ,by this method it will go #abj1 and by making of bobs it will go #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,at the bobs the bell in the second place always lieth still2 and the warning for them is the same with that in the two last peals4 ,in the #bdj here prickt1 #b is the half-hunt2 and in the #cfj or #gbj1 the #b and #d may be the half and quarter-hunts1 or others at pleasure4 #abcdef #bfeadc #aecdfb #abfecd #adcbef #bacdfe #befadc ------------ #abfedc #acdbfe #bacdef #beafcd #aefbcd ------------ #acdbef #bcadfe #beafdc #aefbdc #abdcfe ------------ #bcadef #baefcd #afebcd #abdcef #acefdb #bcdafe #baefdc #afebdc #adbcfe #acefbd #bdcafe #abefcd ------------ #adbcef bob #bcdafe #abefdc #afdceb ------------ #acfedb #bdcfae #aebfcd #afdcbe #adefbc #acfebd #bdfcea #aebfdc bob #adefcb ------------ #bfdcea ------------ #afcdeb bob #acbdfe #bdfeca #aedcbf #afcdbe #adfebc #acbdef #bfdeca #aedcfb ------------ #adfecb #abcdfe #bfedac bob #afbecd ------------ #abcdef #befdac #aecdbf #afbedc #adcbfe ,london ,nightingale4 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,treble is the whole-hunt1 and lieth four times before1 four times behind and twice in every other place4 ,when it moves down out of the #eth place1 the two hind-bells continue dodging until it comes there again1 during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still4 ,and when the two hind-bells leave dodging then the two first bells dodg until the hind-bells dodg again1 and then they cease4 ,by this method it will go #abj2 and by making of bobs it will go #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,at the bobs the bell in the second place always lyeth still2 and the warning for them is the same with that in the preceding peals4 ,in the #bdj here prickt1 #b is the half-hunt2 and in the #cfj or #gbj1 the #b and #d may be the half and quarter-hunts or others at pleasure4 #abcdef ------------ #afcbde #bacdfe #abfedc #afcbed #bacdef #abfecd ------------ #bcadfe #afbedc #abefcd #bcadef #afbecd #abefdc #bcdafe ------------ #aebfcd #bcdaef #aecfbd #aebfdc #bdceaf #aecfdb ------------ #dbceaf bob #afdebc #bdcefa #aefcbd #afdecb #dbcefa #aefcdb bob #bdecfa ------------ #afedbc #dbecfa #acdefb #afedcb #bdecaf #acdebf ------------ #dbecaf bob #adcfeb #debacf #acedfb #adcfbe #debafc #acedbf bob #deabcf ------------ #adfceb #deabfc #adbcef #adfcbe #daebcf #adbcfe ------------ #daebfc #abdcef #acbdfe #adebcf #abdcfe #acbdef #adebfc ------------ #abcdfe #aedbcf #acfbde #abcdef #aedbfc #acfbed ,the ,evening ,delight4 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,treble is the whole-hunt and leads four times1 lies behind four times1 and twice in every other place1 except in the #b;d and #c;d places where it makes a dodg every time it hunts up and down4 ,every other bell hath the same course with the whole-hunt2 but observing1 when they come down and have made a dodg in the second and third places1 they lie still one change in the second place1 and then make another dodg there1 and so hunt up as the ,treble did4 ,but note1 when the ,treble goeth to lead and leaves leading1 the bells in the third and fourth places lie still4 ,every single is made in the second and third places1 and every bell lieth four times behind4 ,by this method it will go #abj1 and by making of bobs it will go #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,at the bob-change1 the bell in the #dth place always lieth still4 #abcdef ------------ #aecfdb #bacdfe #adfbec #acefdb #bcadfe #afdbec ------------ #bacfde bob #acfebd #bcafde #adfbce #afcebd #bcfaed #afdbce bob #bfcaed ------------ #acfebd #bcfead #afbdec #afcedb #bfcead #abfdec ------------ #bfecda bob #afecbd #befcda #afbdce #aefcbd #bfedca #abfdce bob #befdca ------------ #afecdb #bedfac #abdfec #aefcdb #bdefac #adbfec ------------ #bedafc #abdefc #aecfbd #bdeafc #adbefc #acefbd #bdaecf ------------ #aecbfd #badecf #adebcf #acebfd #bdacef #aedbcf ------------ #badcef #adecbf #acbedf #abdcfe #aedcbf #abcedf #adbcfe ------------ #acbdef #abdfce #aecdfb #abcdef #adbfce #acedfb ,to ring #bdj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth in the second and third places a bob must then be made1 as in this here prickt1 where #f is the half-hunt4 ,to ring #cfj4 ,every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together in the second and third places1 a bob must then be made4 ,to ring #gbj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth in the #b;d and #c;d places a bob must then be made1 except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it1 and then not4 ,in the #cfj or #gbj1 the #f and #e may be the half and quarter-hunts1 or else #b and #d1 or others at pleasure4 ,colledge ,doubles4 ,treble is the whole-hunt1 and hath a direct hunting course4 ,when it moves down out of the #eth place1 the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again2 during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still3 but otherwise the five hind-bells have a direct hunting course4 ,by this method it will go sixty changes2 and by making of bobs it will go #abj1 #ahj1 #cfj4 ,at the bob-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still4 #abcdef #aefbcd #bacdfe #afebdc #bcadef ------------ #bcdafe #afdceb #bdcfae bob #bdfcea #afcdbe #bfdeca ------------ #bfedac #afbecd #befadc #abfedc #beafcd ------------ #baefdc #abdcfe #abefcd #adbcef #aebfdc ------------ #eabfcd #adefbc #ebafdc bob #ebfacd #adfecb #efbcad ------------ #efcbda #adcbfe #ecfdba #acdbef #ecdfab ------------ #edcafb #acefdb #edacbf bob #eadcfb #acfebd #aedcbf ------------ bob #acbdfe #aecdfb #abcdef ------------ ,to ring #abj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind1 a bob must then be made2 as in this here prickt1 where #b is the half-hunt4 ,to ring #ahj4 ,every time the half and quarter-hunt dodg together behind1 a bob must then be made4 ,to ring #cfj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made1 except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it1 and then not4 ,in the #ahj or #cfj1 #b and #d may be the half and quarter-hunts1 or others at pleasure4 ,by making of two extreams the #cfj may be doubled4 ,they are to be made according to the rules in the ,introduction1 page #ij4 ,non-such ,bob4 ,doubles4 ,treble is the whole-hunt1 and hath a direct hunting course4 ,when it moves up out of the third place1 the bell that comes there lieth still until the ,treble comes down there again2 during which time the two first bells dodg4 ,when the ,treble leaves the two hind-bells1 they dodg until the change wherein the ,treble goeth to lead1 and then one of them moves down2 but as soon as that change is made1 the two hind-bells dodg again until the ,treble moves up and parts them4 ,every time the ,treble leads1 the double is made on the four hind-bells throughout the peal4 ,by this method it will go sixty changes2 and by making of bobs it will go #abj1 #ahj1 or #cfj4 ,the bob is always made at the change wherein the ,treble goeth to lead1 the two first and two last bells making it4 #abcdef #ecbfda #afecbd #edcafb #bacdfe #cebfad #afcedb #decfab #bcadef #ecbafd #facebd #edcfba #bcdafe #ecabdf #fcaedb #decbfa #cbdfae #eacbfd #fceabd #edcbaf #bcdfea #aecfbd #cfebad #decabf #cbdefa #aefcdb #fcebda #deacfb #bcdeaf #eafcbd #cfedba #daecbf #cbdaef #efacdb #fcedab #adebcf #cbadfe #efcabd #cfeadb #adbefc #cabdef #fecbad #cfaebd #dabecf #acbedf #efcbda #cafedb #dbaefc #acebfd #fecdba bob #dbeacf #caebdf #efcdab #acfebd #bdecaf #ceabfd #fecadb #acefdb #dbecfa #cebadf #feacbd #caefbd #bdefca #ecbdaf #faecdb #ceafdb #dbefac #cebdfa bob #cefabd #bdeafc #ecfbad #bdaecf #cefbda #badefc #ecfdba #abdfec #cefdab #abfdce #ecfadb #bafdec #ecafbd #bfadce #eacfdb #bfdaec #aecdfb #fbdeac #aedcbf #bfdeca #eadcfb #fbdcea #edacbf #bfdcae #fbdace #fbadec #fabdce bob #afbdec #afdbce #fadbec #fdabce #fdbaec #dfbeac c4 ,to ring #abj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth before1 is a warning for a bob to be made the next time the whole-hunt goeth to lead2 as in this here prickt1 where #f is the half-hunt4 ,to ring #ahj4 ,every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together before1 is a warning for a bob to be made when next the ,treble goeth to lead4 ,to ring #cfj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth before1 is a warning for a bob to be made the next time the ,treble goeth to lead1 except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it1 and then not4 ,in the #ahj and #cfj1 the #f may be the half-hunt and #e the quarter-hunt1 or others at pleasure4 ,by making of two extreams the #cfj may be doubled2 they must be made according to the rule in the ,introduction1 page #ij4 ,the bobs in this peal may also be made at the leadings of the whole-hunt as in other peals1 and the bell in the fourth place to lie still at every bob-change4 ,the warning for them in the #abj1 #ahj1 and #cfj being the same with that in the ,colledge ,doubles1 page #adc4 ,london ,doubles4 ,the ,treble is the whole-hunt2 and hath a direct hunting course4 ,when it moves down out of the fifth place the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again1 during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still4 ,when the ,treble is behind1 the two first bells make a change2 but at other times the leading bell lieth still4 ,by this method it will go sixty changes1 and by making of bobs it will go #abj1 #ahj1 or #cfj4 ,at the bob-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still4 ,the warning for the bobs in the #abj1 #ahj1 and #cfj1 is the same with that in ,colledge ,doubles1 p4 #adc4 ,by making of two extreams it will go #gbj4 ,the extreams must be made according to the rule in the ,introduction1 page #ij4 ,in the #abj here prickt1 #b is the half-hunt2 and in the #ahj and #cfj1 #b and #d may be the half and quarter-hunts1 or others at pleasure4 #abcdef #edabfc #aefcdb ------------ #bacdfe #edbacf ------------ #afdebc #bcadef #ebdcaf #acdefb bob #bcdafe #ebcdfa bob #afedcb #bdcfae #becfda #acedbf ------------ #bdfcea #befcad ------------ #adcfeb #dbfeca #bfeacd #adbcef bob #dbefac #bfaedc #abdcfe #adfcbe #debafc #bafecd ------------ ------------ #deabcf #abfedc #acfbde #acbdfe #daebfc #afbecd #afcbed #abcdef #adebcf ------------ ------------ #aedbfc #aecfbd #abefcd #eadbcf bob #aebfdc ,triples1 ,doubles1 and ,singles4 #abcdef #aecdfb #badcfe bob #bdafce #acedbf #bdface ------------ #bfdcae #aecbdf #fbcdea #aebcfd #fcbeda ------------ #cfebad #abefcd #cefabd #abfedc #ceafbd ------------ #caebfd #afbdec #acbedf #afdbce #acebfd ------------ #cabedf #adfcbe #cbadef bob #cbdaef #afdceb #cdbeaf ------------ #dcebfa #adfecb #decfba bob #edfcab #afdebc #efdacb ------------ #efadcb #adfbec #eafcdb #adbfce #aecfbd ------------ bob #abdcfe #acefdb #abcdef ------------ ,triples1 ,doubles1 and ,singles dodging behind4 #abcdef #afbcde #badcfe #abfced #bdacef ------------ #bdcaef #aefdbc #bcdeaf bob #cbedfa #aedfcb #cebfda ------------ #ecfbad #acdbef #efcabd #adcbfe #efacbd ------------ #eafcdb #afcedb #aecfbd #acfebd #acefdb ------------ #cafebd #abfdce #cfaedb bob #cfeadb #abdfec #cefdab ------------ #ecdfba #aedcbf #edcbfa #adecfb #debcaf ------------ #dbeacf #afebdc #dbaecf bob #dabefc #afbecd #adebcf ------------ bob #acbdfe #adbefc #abcdef ------------ ,doubles1 and ,triples4 #abcdef #aebcfd #badcfe #abecdf #bdacef ------------ #bdcafe #afedcb #bcdfae bob #cbfdea #afdebc #cfbeda ------------ #fcebad #acdbef #fecabd #adcbfe #feacdb ------------ #faecbd #aecfbd #afcedb #acefdb #acfebd ------------ #caefdb #abedfc #ceafbd bob #cefadb #abdecf #cfedab ------------ #fcdeba #afdceb #fdcbea #adfcbe #dfbcae ------------ #dbface #aefbcd #dbafec bob #dabfce #aebfdc #adfbec ------------ bob #acbdfe #adbfce #abcdef ------------ ,single ,bob4 #abcdef #acdefb #badcfe #acedbf #bdafce ------------ #dbfaec #abefcd #dfbeac bob #fdebca #aebfdc #dfbeca ------------ #fdebac #adbcef #fedabc #adcbfe #efadcb ------------ #eafcdb #afcedb #aecfbd #afecbd #aefcdb ------------ #eacfbd #abedfc #ecabfd bob #cebadf #aebdcf #cbedaf ------------ #bcdefa #acbfed #cbedfa #acfbde #bcdeaf ------------ #bdcaef #adfecb #dbacfe bob #dabfce #afdebc #adfbec ------------ bob #abdcfe #afdbce #abcdef ------------ ,london ,bob4 #abcdef ------------ #badcfe #afbecd #bdacef #abfedc #dbcafe ------------ #dcbfae #adefbc #cdfbea bob #dcfeba #adfecb #cdefab ------------ #cedafb #acefdb #ecadbf bob #eacdfb #acfebd #aedcbf ------------ bob #abefcd #aecdfb #aebfdc ------------ ------------ #afdceb #adfbec bob #afdbce #afcdbe ------------ ------------ #acbdfe #abdcfe #abcdef #adbcef ------------ #aecbdf #acebfd ,city ,bob4 #abcdef #afcdbe #badcfe bob #bdafce #acfdeb #dbfaec ------------ #dfbeac #afcbed #fdebca #afbcde #dfecba ------------ #fdceab #abfedc #fcdaeb #abefcd #cfadbe ------------ #cafbde #aebdcf #acbfed #aedbfc #acfbde ------------ #cabfed #adecfb #cbaefd bob #bceadf #aedcbf #becdaf ------------ #ebdcfa #adefbc #bedfca bob #ebfdac #aedfcb #efbadc ------------ #feabcd #adebcf #faecbd #adbefc #afcedb ------------ bob #abdcfe #acfebd #abcdef ------------ ,these six peals will each of them go sixty changes without any bob1 and by making of bobs each of them will go #abj1 #ahj1 and #cfj4 ,in three of them1 viz4 ,triples ,doubles and ,singles1 ,single bob1 and ,city bob1 at the bob-changes the bell in the fourth place always lyeth still2 whereas at the rest of the changes which are made at the leadings of the whole-hunt1 the bell in the second place lieth still4 ,and in the other three peals1 viz4 ,triples doubles and singles dodging behind1 ,doubles and ,triples1 and ,london ,bob1 at the bob-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still1 whereas at the rest of the changes that are made at the leadings of the whole-hunt1 the bell in the fourth place lieth still4 ,the warning for the bobs in the #abj1 #ahj1 and #cfj1 in each of these six peals is the same with that in the #abj1 #ahj1 and #cfj in ,colledge ,doubles1 p4 #adc4 ,each of these peals will go #gbj with two extreams1 which must be made according to the rule in the ,introduction1 page #ij4 ,in the #abj of each there prickt1 viz41 in ,city ,bob1 ,london ,bob1 and ,triples doubles and singles1 the #b is the half-hunt1 and in the other three peals the #c is the half-hunt4 ,in the #ahj and #cfj of each peal1 the #b and #d may be the half and quarter-hunts1 or others at pleasure4 ,new ,bob4 ,triples and ,doubles4 ,the general method of this ,peal is the same with ,grandsire ,bob1 and the bobs also made as in that peal4 ,it will go #abj1 #ahj1 or #bdj1 and by making of two extreams it will go #cfj or #dhj2 and with six singles it will go #gbj4 ,to ring #abj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made4 ,to ring #ahj4 ,every time the half and quarter-hunt dodg together behind1 a bob must then be made2 and by making of two extreams it will go #cfj4 ,the first extream may be made at the first1 second1 or third bob2 observing to make the second extream at the third following bob from the first extream1 where the singles in both must be made behind4 ,to ring #gbj4 ,the bobs throughout the peal are made by the same rule as in the #abj1 but farther observing1 when the whole and half-hunts come together before1 if the quarter-hunt lieth either in the third or fourth places1 then a single must be made betwixt the two next extream bells to the quarter-hunt4 ,the #b may be the half-hunt and #d the quarter-hunt1 or others at pleasure4 ,colledge ,little ,bob1 dodging behind4 ,triples and ,doubles4 ,the ,treble is the whole-hunt1 and hath a direct hunting course4 ,when it moves down out of the fifth place1 the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again4 ,all the bells have a direct hunting course1 but observing1 that when any bell moves up into the fourth place1 if the ,treble is then any where below it1 it lies there twice1 and then moves down again4 ,by this method it will go sixty changes2 and by making of bobs it will go #abj1 #ahj1 or #cfj4 ,at every bob-change the bell in the second place lieth still4 ,the warning for the bobs is the same with that in ,colledge ,doubles1 page #adc4 ,and the two extreams in the #gbj must be made according to the rule in the ,introduction1 page #ij4 #abcdef #afbcde #badcfe #abfced #bdacef ------------ #dbcafe #aefdbc #dcbfae bob #cdfbea #aedfcb #cfdeba ------------ #fcedab #acdbef #fecadb #adcbfe #efacbd ------------ #eafcdb #afcedb #aecfbd #acfebd #acefdb ------------ #cafebd #abfdce #cfaedb bob #fceabd #abdfec #fecbad ------------ #efbcda #aedcbf #ebfdca #adecfb #bedfac ------------ #bdeafc #afebdc #dbaecf bob #dabefc #afbecd #adebcf ------------ bob #acbdfe #adbefc #abcdef ------------ ,in the #abj here prickt1 #c is the half-hunt2 and in the #ahj or #cfj1 #b and #d may be the half and quarter-hunts1 or others at pleasure4 ,this peal in practice will be found very plain and easie1 and also good ,musick4 ,colledge ,little ,bob1 dodging before and behind4 ,triples and ,doubles4 ,the ,treble hath a direct hunting course1 and when it moves up out of the second place1 the two first bells dodg until it comes there again2 and also when it moves down out of the #eth place1 the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again4 ,every bell that moves up into the fourth place1 if the ,treble is any where below it1 lies there twice and then hunts down2 and also every bell that moves down into the third place1 if the ,treble is any where above it1 lieth there twice1 and then hunts up behind4 ,by this method it will go sixty changes1 and by making of bobs it will go #abj1 #ahj1 or #cfj4 ,at every bob-change the bell in the second place lieth still4 ,the #b is the half-hunt in the #abj here prickt1 and #b and #d may be the half and quarter-hunts in the #abj and #cfj1 or others at pleasure4 #abcdef bob #badcfe #aefcdb #bdacef ------------ #dbcafe #acdefb #bdcfae bob #dbfcea #acedbf #bdfeca ------------ #dbefac #adbcef #bdeafc #abdcfe #dbaecf ------------ #dabefc #acfbde #adebcf #afcbed #aedbfc ------------ #eabdcf #abefcd #ebadfc #aebfdc #bedacf ------------ #ebdcaf #afdebc #becdfa bob #ebcfda #afedcb #befcad ------------ #ebfacd #adcfeb #beafdc bob #baefcd #adfcbe #abfedc ------------ #afbecd #acbdfe ------------ #abcdef #aecfbd ,the warning for the bobs is the same with that in the ,colledge ,doubles1 p4 #adc4 ,and the two extreams in the #gbj must be made according to the general rule in the ,introduction1 page #ij4 ,court ,bob4 ,triples and ,doubles4 ,the ,treble hath a direct hunting course4 ,every bell that comes before and behind makes a ,dodg1 then lieth still1 and so moves away1 except the bell that lieth still behind when the treble leads1 and also that bell which leads when the ,treble lieth behind1 both which do dodg before and after their lying still1 and then move away4 ,when the treble leads and lieth behind1 the double is made on the four middle bells4 ,by this method it will go sixty changes2 and with bobs it will go #abj1 #ahj1 or #cfj4 ,at the bob-changes the bell in the fourth place lieth still4 #abcdef #afecbd #badcfe #aefbcd #bdacef ------------ #dbcafe #adcbfe #bdcfae #acdfbe #dbfcea ------------ #dfbeca #aebfdc #fdebac bob #dfeabc #abefcd #fdaecb ------------ #fadebc #adcfeb #afedcb #acdefb #aefcdb ------------ #eacfbd #abfedc #ecafdb bob #cefabd #afbecd #ecfbad ------------ #cebfda #adcebf #cbedfa #acdbef #bcdeaf ------------ #cbdaef #afebdc #bcadfe #aefdbc #bacdef ------------ #abdcfe #acbdfe bob bob #adbcef #abcdef ------------ ,to ring #abj4 ,every time the half-hunt maketh a change next the whole-hunt1 a bob must then be made1 as in this here prickt1 where #b is the half-hunt4 ,to ring #ahj4 ,every time the half and quarter-hunts make a change together next the whole-hunt1 a bob must then be made4 ,to ring #cfj4 ,every time the half-hunt maketh a change next the whole-hunt a bob must then be made1 except when a quarter-hunt makes a change there with it1 and then not4 ,in the #ahj and #cfj #b and #d may be the half and quarter-hunts or others at pleasure4 ,the two extreams in the #gbj must be made according to the rule in the ,introduction4 ,the first extream may be made either first1 second1 or third time that the half and quarter-hunts make a change together in the second and third places at the leading of the whole-hunt2 and then the second extream must be made the third time following that those two bells make a change there again1 the extreams being there made in the fourth and fifth places1 and the singles in the second and third places4 ,every time the ,treble leads1 the double may as well be made on the four hind-bells1 and the bobs to be made as before2 but the warning for them the same with ,colledge ,doubles4 ,five ,colledge ,bobs4 ,in these five peals1 the ,treble is the whole-hunt1 and hath a like dodging course in all of them4 ,the general method of the five peals is as follows3 viz4 ,colledge ,bob the first4 ,when the ,treble moves down out of the fifth place1 the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again4 ,every bell leads twice1 and then hunts up into the fourth place1 unless the dodging course of the ,treble hinders it1 where it lieth twice and then moves down again2 except the bell that dodged with the ,treble before1 and also that which leads when the ,treble lieth still behind1 both which hunt directly up4 ,when the ,treble moves down from dodging in the third and fourth places1 the bell that dodged there with it continues in those two places1 lying twice together in each by turns until the ,treble comes to dodg there with it again4 ,colledge ,bob the second4 ,every bell when it comes to lead makes a dodg before1 then it lyeth still one change1 then it makes another dodg1 and so moves up into the fourth place where it lieth still twice1 and then down again2 except it dodgeth with the ,treble in the fourth place1 and then it hunts up behind4 ,but when the ,treble moves down out of the third place1 the two bells in the third and fourth places continue there until the ,treble comes up there again1 during which time the two hind-bells dodg4 ,colledge ,bob the third4 ,when the ,treble leaves leading1 the two first bells dodg until it comes to lead again2 except when the ,treble dodgeth behind1 for then the two first bells lie still4 ,when the ,treble leaves the two hind-bells1 they lie still one change1 dodg the next1 and so by turns until the treble comes there again4 ,the two middle bells always dodg until the ,treble hindereth them4 ,colledge ,bob the ,first4 #abcdef #dcebaf #badcfe c4 #abdcef #afcedb #bacdfe bob4 #bcadef #afecbd #cbdafe ------------ #cbadef #abcefd #bcdafe bob4 #bdcfae #abecdf #dbfcea ------------ #dfbcae #adcebf #fdcbea #acdefb #fcdeba ------------ #cfedab #afedcb #cefdba #aefdbc #ecdfab ------------ #edcafb #abdfec #deacbf #adbfce #decafb ------------ #edacbf #acfbde #eadcfb bob4 #aecdbf #acbfed #eacdfb ------------ #aedcbf #aefbcd #adecfb bob4 #dacebf #aebfdc #adcefb ------------ #daecbf #adfbec #deacfb #afdbce #edcabf ------------ #edacfb #acbdfe #decabf #abcdef ,colledge ,bob the ,second4 #abcdef #edcbaf #badcfe c4 #abdcef #aecfbd #bacdfe bob #bcafde #acefdb #cbfaed ------------ #bcafed #aecdfb #cbfade bob #cfbdae #acedbf #fcdbea ------------ #cfdbae #aecbdf #fcbdea #aebcfd #fbceda ------------ #bfecad #abefcd #fbecda #abfedc #bfcead ------------ #bcfaed #afbdec #cbafde #afdbce #bcfade ------------ #cbafed #adfcbe #cabefd bob #acebdf #afdceb #caebfd ------------ #acbedf #adfecb #acebfd bob #cabedf #afdebc #acbefd ------------ #caebdf #adfbec #ceadbf #adbfce #ecdafb ------------ #ceadfb #abdcfe #ecdabf #abcdef ,colledge ,bob the ,third4 #abcdef #dfbeac #badcfe c4 #abcdfe #afedcb #badcef bob #bdacfe #aefdbc #dbcaef ------------ #bdacef #adcebf #dbcafe bob #bdcfae #acdefb #dbfcea ------------ #dbcfae #aebcfd #bdfcea #aecbdf #dbcfea ------------ #bdfcae #abfedc #bdcfea #abefcd #dbfcae ------------ #bdface #afdbce #dbafec #afbdec #bdfaec ------------ #dbafce #adcfeb #dabfec bob #adfbce #acdfbe #dabfce ------------ #adfbec #afecbd #adbfce bob #dafbec #aefcdb #adbfec ------------ #dafbce #acbedf #dfabec #acebfd #fdbace ------------ #dfabce #abdcfe #fdbaec #abcdef ,colledge ,bob the ,fourth4 #abcdef #dfbeac #badcfe c4 #abdcef #afedcb #bacdfe bob #bcadef #aefdbc #cbdafe ------------ #cbadef #adcebf #bcdafe bob #bdcfae #acdefb #dbfcea ------------ #bdfcae #aebcfd #dbcfea #aecbdf #bdfcea ------------ #dbcfae #abfedc #bdcfea #abefcd #dbfcae ------------ #dfbace #afdbce #fdabec #afbdec #fdbace ------------ #dfabec #adcfeb #dafbce bob #adbfec #acdfbe #dabfce ------------ #adfbec #afecbd #adbfce bob #dafbec #aefcdb #adfbce ------------ #dabfec #acbedf #dbafce #acebfd #bdfaec ------------ #bdafce #abdcfe #dbfaec #abcdef ,colledge ,bob the fourth4 ,when the ,treble leaves the two hind bells1 they dodg until it comes there again2 and then the two first bells dodg until the ,treble gives way for the two hind bells to dodg again1 and then the two first bells cease dodging4 ,colledge ,bob the ,fifth4 #abcdef #fcbead #badcfe c4 #abdcef #afcedb #bacdfe bob #bcadef #acfebd #cbdafe ------------ #cbadef #afcdbe #bcdafe bob #cbdfae #acfdeb #bcfdea ------------ #bcdfae #afcbed #cbfdea #afbcde #bcdfea ------------ #cbfdae #abfedc #cbdfea #abefcd #bcfdae ------------ #cbfade #aebdcf #bcafed #aedbfc #bcfade ------------ #cbafed #adecfb #cabfde bob #acfbed #aedcbf #cafbde ------------ #acbfed #adefbc #acfbde bob #cabfed #aedfcb #acbfde ------------ #cafbed #adebcf #cfabde #adbefc #fcbaed ------------ #fcabde #abdcfe #cfbaed #abcdef ,colledge ,bob the fifth4 ,when the ,treble leaves the two hind bells1 they dodg until it comes there again4 ,and when it leaves the two first bells they lie still one change1 dodg the next1 and so by turns until it comes down there again2 during which time the bells in the third and fourth places dodg except when the ,treble hindereth them4 ,by these methods each of them will go #abj changes1 and by making of bobs they will go #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,in the first of them the bell in the second place lieth still at the bob-changes1 and in the other four the bell in the fourth place always lieth still4 ,to ring #bdj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made1 as in these peals here prickt2 where1 in the first peal the #d is the half-hunt1 and in the other four peals the #b is the half-hunt4 ,to ring #cfj4 ,every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind1 a bob must then be made4 ,to ring #gbj4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made1 except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it1 and then not4 ,in the #cfj or #gbj of each peal the #b may be the half-hunt1 and #d the quarter-hunt or others at pleasure4 ,the ,experiment4 ,triples and ,doubles4 ,the ,treble is the whole-hunt1 but never hunteth up farther than the fourth place1 for the four first bells go ,doubles and ,singles2 and every time the ,treble leads an extream is made in the third and fourth places1 according to the common course of doubles and singles upon1 four bells2 which course of doubles and singles must be continued1 the two hind bells in the mean time dodging1 until the making of the first ,parting change1 which will separate the two hind bells2 and then the four first bells go the same course of doubles and singles again1 the two hind bells dodging as before1 until the making of the second ,parting change1 and so successively4 ,the ,parting change is a double change on the four middle bells1 and made at the leading of the ,treble4 ,the first ,parting change may be made either at the first second or third leading of the ,treble1 observing1 that whatsoever bell in the first ,parting change moves down to the ,treble1 when the ,treble leads and that bell lieth next it again1 the second ,parting change must then be made4 ,and whatsoever bell in the second ,parting change moves down to the ,treble when the ,treble leads1 and that bell lieth next it again1 the third ,parting change must then be made1 and so successively4 ,there being five ,parting changes in the ,peal1 and as many half-hunts1 each of the bells 7the ,treble excepted7 taking that place one after another2 and consequently1 the five persons that ring them must call the ,parting changes one after another as their turn comes1 according to the aforesaid rule4 ,changes upon ,seven ,bells4 ,the methods upon five may be prickt upon seven1 observing but the true difference of proportion in the changes2 that is1 doubles upon five bells must be triples upon seven2 doubles and singles upon five must be triples and doubles upon seven1 c4 ,plain ,triples4 ,all the bells have a direct hunting course4 ,all peals upon six bells wherein half the changes are triples1 will go upon seven according to this method here prickt2 two of the changes upon six being always made at the leadings of the ,treble1 the six hindmost bells making them3 the first is a triple change brought in by the course of the bells1 and the next must either be double or single according to the method of the changes upon six4 #abcdefg #badcfeg #bdafcge #dbfagce #dfbgaec #fdgbeac #fgdebca #gfedcba #gefcdab #egcfadb #ecgafbd #ceagbfd #caebgdf #acbedgf ,dodging ,triples4 ,triples and ,doubles upon six may also go upon seven1 according to this method here prickt1 but in the same manner as the former4 #abcdefg #badcegf #bdaecfg #dbeacgf #debcafg #edcbfag #debcfga #edcbgfa #debcgaf #edcbagf #ecdabfg #ceadbgf #caebdfg #acbedgf #acebgdf ,colledge ,bob ,triples4 #abcdefg #fgdecab #bacedgf #gfedacb #bcadefg #gefadbc #cbdafeg #egafbdc #cdbfage #eagbfcd #dcfbgae #aebgcfd #dfcgbea #abecgdf #fdgceba ,every time the ,treble leaves leading1 the bell in the third place lieth still1 whilst the four hind bells dodg2 but otherwise all the bells have a direct hunting course as ,plain ,triples4 ,by this method it will go seventy changes1 and by making of bobs it will go #cej4 ,the rule for the bobs is this2 when the ,treble goeth to lead1 if the half-hunt lying before gives it place1 then a bob must be made at that change1 wherein the bell in the third place lieth still1 and the four hind bells dodg2 so that at every bob the four hind bells make two dodges before they part4 ,by making of two extreams it will go #gjj1 and with four extreams it will go #adjj4 ,but by making of intervening bobs it will go #gjj compleat triples without any extream2 #adjj with two extreams1 and #bhjj with four extreams4 ,any bell may be made a half-hunt4 ,colledge ,bob1 ,triples3 the second way4 #abcdefg #decfbga #gafbecd #gcbfade #bacedgf #edfcgba #agbfced #cgfbdae #bcadefg #efdgcab #abgcfde #cfgdbea #cbdaegf #fegdacb #bagfced #cdbeafg #fgeadbc #bgacfde #dcebfag #gfaebdc #gbcafed ,when the ,treble leaves leading1 the two hind bells dodg until ,treble parts them2 but in all other respects 'tis the same with the former1 and the bobs made in the same manner1 and by the same rule as in that peal1 and it will go as many changes also as that4 ,colledge ,triples1 dodging behind4 #abcdefg #ecdfbga #gafecbd #cfgeabd #badcegf #cefdgba #agefcdb #fcegbad #bdaecfg #cfegdab #agecfbd #fecbgda #dbeacgf #fcgeadb #gacefdb #debcafg #fgcaebd #gcafebd #edcbfag #gfacedb #cgfaedb ,colledge ,triples1 dodging before and behind4 #abcdefg #bdcfega #dabfgec #dgbfaec #badcegf #dbfcgea #adfbgce #gdfbeac #bdaecfg #bdfgcae #adfgbec #dgfebca #dbeacgf #dbgface #dagfbce #bdecafg #bdgafec #dgabfec #dbcefag #dbagfce #gdbafce ,each of these two peals by the method here prickt will go ,eighty four changes2 and then when the ,treble leads1 and the half-hunt lieth next it1 a ,parting change being then made1 they will go #dbj4 ,and by making of bobs they will go #ejdj4 #b may be the half-hunt1 or any other at pleasure4 ,the ,parting change is a double on the four middlemost of the six hind bells4 ',tis plainly demonstrable1 that the ,principle upon five may go #dbj triples upon seven1 which is a twelfth part2 #hdj1 which is a sixth part2 or #abfj1 which is a fourth part of the whole1 and the utmost period of triple changes4 ,and then by making of four extreams it may go #ejdj1 the compleat peal4 ,great variety of peals may be prickt upon seven3 as ,triples1 ,triples and ,doubles1 ,triples ,doubles and ,singles2 ,doubles1 ,doubles and ,singles1 c4 ,but changes upon seven being seldom practised1 ,i will therefore forbear to wast more paper in pricking down examples1 and proceed to the changes on eight4 ,changes upon ,eight ,bells4 ,sixscores upon five bells are commonly rung upon eight1 three bells lying behind4 ,the most musical to lie behind are #bah1 #dah1 #adh1 #bdh1 #cdh1 #dfh1 #fdh1 #edh1 #hfd1 #bda1 #cba1 and #ace to be laid behind1 and then #a and #c to dodg throughout the peal4 ,and also #ahd to be laid behind1 and to go the six changes thus1 #had4 #hda4 #dha4 #dah4 #adh4 #ahd4 #had4 c4 and so on to the end of the sixscore4 ,they may go the sixes either at whole or half-pulls4 ,peals upon six1 as ,triples and ,doubles1 c4 make exceeding good musick upon ,eight1 #dh4 #fh4 #da4 or #ah4 lying behind4 ,or else ,triples and doubles upon the six middle bells1 the ,treble leading1 and the ,tenor lying behind4 ,and also ,triples upon seven1 the ,tenor lying behind4 ,but for such as have not yet attain'd the skill to ring these compleat peals1 ,sett-changes are very proper for them1 being easie and rung with little difficulty4 ,colledge ,grounds4 ,the grounds of these sett-changes are of two kinds4 ,first1 placing of the bells ,fifths1 or secondly ,thirds4 ,to place them fifths2 the #d must hunt up behind the #g1 the #c behind the #f1 and the #b behind the #e4 ,or else the #e may hunt down under the #b1 the #f under #c1 and the #g under #d4 ,or otherwise1 first a single1 then a double1 and then a triple change to be made on the middlemost bells1 all which are to one effect2 for then the bells will lie fifths thus1 #ae4 #bf4 #cg4 #dh4 ,here are four ,concords to be chiefly regarded in the peal4 ,the first is #ae4 the second #bf4 the third #cg4 and the fourth is #dh4 ,these four ,concords may go the methods of any changes upon four bells2 #a4e being taken for the ,treble1 #b4f for the ,second1 #c4g for the ,third1 and #d4h for the ,fourth2 and the ,concords to change places with each other at pleasure4 ,wherein 'tis observable1 that the two notes of every ,concord must constantly attend each other in their motion2 that is1 whensoever one of the two notes moves1 the other must follow it4 ,for example3 admit they were to go the twenty four changes1 and that #a4e were to hunt up over #b4f1 #c4g1 and #d4h4 first therefore it must move up over #b4f1 wherein it makes four changes3 for first1 the #e moves up over the #b thus1 #abefcgdh1 the #a must follow it thus1 #baef4cg4dh4 ,then the #e moves up over #f4 #bafe4cg4dh4 the #a follows it again #bf4ae4cg4dh2 here the two ,concords have made a change4 ,in which manner also #a4e must move up over #c4g4 and #d4h4 ,and in this manner are the ,concords to move and change places with each other throughout the peal4 ,or secondly1 to place the bells thirds1 the #fd and #b must hunt up1 or else the #ceg down2 or otherwise a triple1 a double1 and a single change to be made on the middlemost bells2 all which are to one and the same effect1 for then the bells will lie thirds thus1 #ac4eg4bd4fh4 ,here are also four ,concords principally to be regarded in the peal3 the first is #a4c1 the second #e4g1 the third #b4d1 and the fourth #f4h4 ,these four ,concords may also go the methods of any changes upon four bells1 #a4c being taken for the treble1 #e4g for second1 #b4d for the third1 and #f4h for the fourth1 and they must move in the same manner as before ,i have shewed4 ,by these ,grounds great variety of excellent and ,musical changes are to be rung4 ,if they go the twenty four1 then the peal will consist of four times that number1 that is1 ninety six changes4 ,but they may go only the first eight changes of the twenty four1 and then the peal will consist of thirty two4 ,or else the first eight changes of a twenty four doubles and ,singles1 which will consist of forty eight if the double changes of the twenty four are singled1 otherwise but thirty two as before4 ,any ,concord may be made a hunt and to move either up or down at the beginning3 so that these ,grounds afford great diversity4 ,in the ringing of these ,sett-changes the notes will lie sometimes fifths1 sometimes thirds1 and sometimes thirds and fifths1 and then 'tis pleasant ,musick to ,clam them1 that is1 the two notes of each ,concord to strike together2 and if they are clam'd true1 the eight bells will strike as if they were but four1 but with far greater harmony4 ,they may ,clam two or three bouts1 and then strike open as many1 and so alternately2 or else they may ,clam one pull1 open the next1 and so on4 ,to reduce the notes of the fifths to their right places again at the conclusion of the peal1 either #bcd must hunt down1 or else #gfe up2 or otherwise a ,triple double and single change to be made on the middlemost bells1 all which are to one effect1 and will bring the bells round4 ,to reduce the thirds either move down #bdf into their places1 or else move up #gec into theirs2 or otherwise make single1 double1 and triple change on the middlemost bells2 all which are to one effect1 and will bring the bells again round4 ,the methods of all peals upon six bells may be prickt upon eight1 observing but proportion in the changes1 according to the difference in the number of bells1 viz4 ,triples and doubles upon six must be quadruples and triples upon eight4 ,doubles upon six must be ,triples upon eight1 c4 ,bob-,major4 #abcdefgh #badcfehg #bdafcheg #dbfahcge #dfbhagce #fdhbgaec #fhdgbeac #hfgdebca #hgfedcba #ghefcdab #gehcfadb #egchafbd #ecgahbfd #ceagbhdf #caebgdhf #acbedgfh #acebgdhf ,plain ,quadruples and ,triples4 ,all the bells have a direct hunting course until the ,treble leads1 and then the six hindmost bells dodg4 ,by this method it will go #aab4 ,and by making of bobs it will go #bbd1 #ccf1 or #fgb4 ,the bob is a triple change at the leading of the ,treble1 wherein the bell in the #dth place lieth still4 ,to ring #bbd4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind1 a bob must then be made4 ,to ring #ccf4 ,every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind1 a bob must then be made4 ,to ring #fgb4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind1 a bob must then be made1 except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it1 and then not4 ,the #b may be the half-hunt1 and #d the quarter-hunt1 or others at pleasure4 ,by making of two extreams it will go #acdd1 and with four extreams it will go #bfhh4 ,all peals upon six bells wherein half the changes are triples1 will go upon eight according to the method before prickt1 but after this manner4 ,if it is a peal upon six1 which consists of #cfj or #gbj changes1 then in the ringing of it upon eight there must be five hunts4 ,the ,treble may be the first hunt2 #b the second c4 ,now the method of the peal must go on according to that before prickt until the ,treble leads1 and the #b lie next it1 and then two of the changes upon six are always made1 the six hind bells making them3 the first is always a triple change brought in by the course of the bells thus1 #abdcfehg1 and the second either double or single according to the method upon six2 and the third fourth and fifth ,hunts in eight1 are the whole half and quarter-hunts in the changes upon six4 ,by this method it will go #djcbj compleat1 but then every #aabth change will be a double1 and sometimes single in some peals4 ,the bells may be brought round at #fgb in some peals1 but in others not till #acdd4 ,colledge ,bob-,major4 ,the ,the ,the ,the first4 second4 third4 fourth4 #abcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefgh #badcfehg #badcfehg #badcfehg #badcfehg #bdafcegh #bdafcegh #bdacefgh #bdacefgh #dbfaechg #dbfaechg #dbcafehg #dbcafehg #dfbeacgh #bdfeacgh #dcbfaegh #bdcfaegh #fdebcahg #dbefcahg #cdfbeahg #dbfceahg #fedcbhag #bdecfhag #cfdebhag #bdcfehag #efcdhbga #dbcehfga #fcedhbga #dbfchega #ecfhdgba #bdchegfa #fechdgba #bdcfhgea #cehfgdab #dbhcgeaf #efhcgdab #dbfcghae #chegfadb #bdhgcaef #ehfgcadb #bdcfgahe #hcgeafbd #dbghacfe #hegfacbd #dbfcageh #hgcaefdb #bdgahcef #hgeafcdb #bdfacghe #ghacfebd #dbagchfe #ghaecfbd #dbafgceh #gahfcedb #dabcghef #gahefcdb #dabfcghe #agfhecbd #adcbhgfe #agehcfbd #adfbgceh #afgehcdb #acdhbgef #aeghfcdb #afdbcghe ,quadruples and ,triples4 ,the first hath single dodging behind2 the second single dodging before and behind2 the third double dodging behind2 and the fourth double dodging before and behind4 ,it may also be prickt a fifth way1 viz4 with single dodging before1 and double dodging behind4 ,and likewise a sixth way1 viz4 with doubled dodging before1 and single dodging behind4 ,the dodging is without intermission except when ,treble hindreth1 and also betwixt two bells until ,treble parts them4 ,by this method each of them will go #aab1 and by making of bobs they will go #bbd1 #ccf1 or #fgb4 ,the bobs are triple changes at the leadings of the ,treble2 in the first second and sixth the bell in the #dth place lieth still at the bobs1 and in the third fourth and fifth the bell in the #b;d place lieth still4 ,the warning for the bobs is the same with that in ,bob-major next before4 ,and the extreams made as in that peal1 #b may be the half and #d the quarter-hunt in the four first1 or others at pleasure4 ,colledge ,triples1 dodging before and behind4 #abcdefgh #dbehgfac #badcefhg #bdeghafc #bdaecfgh #dbegahcf #dbeacfhg #bdeaghfc #bdecafgh #dbaeghcf #dbecfahg #dabgehfc #bdefchag #adgbehcf #dbefhcga #agdebhfc #bdehfgca ,by this method it will go #aab1 and by making of bobs it will go #bbd1 #ccf1 or #fgb4 ,the bob is a triple-change at the leadings of the ,treble1 wherein the bell in the #dth place lieth still4 ,the warning for the bobs is the same with that in ,bob-major1 and the extreams also the same as in that peal4 ,the #b may be the half-hunt1 and #d the quarter-hunt1 or others at pleasure4 ,the ,wild-,goose ,chase4 #abcdefgh #baecfghd #beafcgdh #ebfacghd #efbcagdh #fecbgahd #fcegbhad #cfgebhda #cgfbedha #gcbfedah #gbcefadh #bgecafhd #begacfdh #ebagcfhd #eabcgfdh #aecbgfhd #acegbfdh #cagebfhd #cgabefdh #gcbaefhd #gbceafdh ,triples4 ,the fourth bell must first hunt up into the #gth place and then the #d and #h continually dodg behind throughout the peal1 except when the ,treble hindreth them4 ,the bell that moves up into the #fth place when the ,treble moves down from thence1 lieth still there until the ,treble displaceth it2 during which time the two hind bells dodg1 and the five first go a perfect hunting course4 ,and also when the ,treble moves up out of the #eth place1 the five first bells go a hunting course until it comes down there again4 ,by this method it will go eighty changes1 and by making of bobs it will go #afj1 #bdj1 or #dhj4 ,the bob is a triple change at the leading of the ,treble1 wherein the bell in the #dth place lieth still4 ,to ring #afj4 ,every time the half-hunt maketh a change in the #b;d and #c;d places1 a bob must at the same time be made4 ,to ring #bdj4 ,every time the half and quarter-hunts make a change together in the second and third places1 a bob must then be made4 ,to ring #dhj4 ,every time the half-hunt maketh a change in the second and third places1 a bob must then be made1 except when the quarter-hunt makes a change there with it1 and then not4 ,the #b may be the half-hunt1 and #f the quarter-hunt1 or others at pleasure4 ,colledge ,triples1 dodging behind4 #abcdefgh #fbcdeagh #badcefhg #bfdcaehg #bdaecfgh #bdfacegh #dbeacfhg #dbafcehg #debcafgh #dabcfegh #edcbfahg #adcbfehg #ecdfbhag #acdfbheg #cefdbhga #cafdbhge #cfebdgha #cfabdheg #fcbedgah #fcbadhge ,the method of ringing this peal is the same in all respects with that next before1 with this only difference4 ,every time the whole-hunt leads1 the triple change is here made on the six middle bells1 which parts the two hind-bells1 and so introduceth them by degrees into the body of the peal4 ,by this method it will go #aab1 and by making of bobs it will go #bbd1 #ccf1 or #fgb4 ,the bob is a triple change at the leading of the ,treble1 wherein the bell in the #fth place lieth still4 ,the warning for the bobs in the #bbd is the same with that in the #afj next before4 ,in the #ccf 'tis the same with that in the #bdj next before4 ,and in the #fgb 'tis the same with that in the #dhj next before4 #b may be the half-hunt and #e the quarter-hunt1 or others at pleasure4 ,the ,grand ,experiment4 ,quadruples and ,triples4 ,the ,treble is the whole-hunt1 but never hunteth up farther than the sixth place2 for the six first bells go triples and doubles1 it matters not of what sort1 provided that the double changes at the leadings of the ,treble are always made on the four hindmost of the six bells2 which course of triples and doubles must be continued1 the two hindmost of the eight bells in the mean time dodging until the first ,parting change is made1 which will separate the two hindmost bells2 and then the six first bells go the same course of triples and doubles again1 the two hindmost bells in the mean time dodging as before1 until the second ,parting change is made1 and so successively4 ,the ,parting change is a triple change on the six middle bells1 and made at the leadings of the whole-hunt4 ,the first ,parting change may be made either at the first second third fourth or fifth leading of the ,treble2 observing1 that whatsoever bell in the first ,parting change moves down to the ,treble1 when the ,treble leads and that bell lieth next it again1 the second ,parting change must then be made4 ,and again1 whatsoever bell in the second ,parting change moves down to the ,treble1 when the ,treble leads and that bell lieth next it again1 the third ,parting change must then be made1 and so successively2 there being seven ,parting changes in the peal1 and as many half-hunts1 each of the seven bells taking that place one after another4 ,so that the seven persons that ring the #b;d1 #c;d1 #dth1 #eth1 #fth1 and #gth bells1 must call the ,parting changes one after another1 according as the aforesaid rule directs them3 or else he that rings the ,treble may do it1 but not so well as the rest4 ,to ring it with such peals upon six bells which consist of single courses1 it will go #dbj2 with double courses #hdj4 ,this peal may also be rung triples1 that is1 the six first bells to go doubles1 the two hind bells in the mean time dodging1 and the ,parting changes to be made as before4 ,but in ringing it with such ,peals of ,triples and ,doubles1 or else ,doubles upon six bells1 where the double change at every leading of the ,treble is made in the #b;d #c;d #eth and #fth places1 there1 whatsoever two bells lie next the ,treble at the first ,parting change1 the same two bells will lie next it at every ,parting change1 which will be a rule for calling them1 there being only five ,parting changes in it1 which are triples as before4 ,the first ,parting change may also here be made either the first second third fourth or fifth time the ,treble leads4 ,if it is rung with peals upon six bells1 consisting of single ,courses1 it will then go #cjj1 with double ,courses #fjj4 ,this peal may also be rung by ,concatenating of divers kinds of methods4 ,for as the peal consists of several parts1 viz4 from one ,parting change to the next1 being accounted a compleat part2 so each part may be rung by a different method from the rest4 ,for any peals upon six bells1 whether doubles1 or triples and doubles1 consisting either of single or double ,courses1 may indifferently be rung together in this peal1 succeeding each other in the several parts of it1 and at every ,parting change a new method to begin4 ,or else any two of them to succeed each other alternately throughout the parts of the peal1 or more or less at pleasure4 ,but still observing1 that all that are rung together in one peal must be such1 where the doubles at the leadings of the ,treble are made on the four hindmost of the six bells2 or else all of them such1 where the doubles at the leadings of the ,treble are made in the second and third1 and the fifth and sixth places4 ,if they are of the first kind1 then there will be seven ,parting changes in the peal1 and as many half-hunts2 and the half-hunts must successively call the ,parting changes as before ,i have shewed3 if of the later kind1 then but five ,parting changes1 which must be call'd by the same rule as before ,i have shewed in ringing it with one peal of this kind4 ,and also observing1 if the first ,parting change is made at the first second third or fourth leading of the ,treble1 then whatsoever method it goes at first1 it must also go the same again after the last ,parting change is made4 ,but in ringing it with peals of the first kind1 the second being made the first half-hunt1 and to call the first ,parting change2 and with peals of the later1 the #c;d likewise3 then the last ,parting change in either of them will conclude the peal4 ,this peal may go the method of the ,experiment upon six bells1 page #afb1 that is1 the four first bells to go the ,twenty four ,doubles and ,singles as in that peal2 and the four hindmost bells in the mean time to dodg double4 ,the ,parting changes are triples on the middle bells1 and the same rules observed in making and calling them1 as in that peal3 but here are seven of them in this1 and #afh changes4 ,the ,experiment upon six may also be rung ,comprehensively herein4 ,the six first bells to go that compleat peal1 the two hindmost of the eight bells in the mean time dodging2 and every time the #c;d bell comes to call the ,parting change on six1 then instead of it a ,grand change must be made1 that is1 a triple on the six middle bells3 and then the six first bells to go the compleat peal again1 the two hindmost bells in the mean time dodging as before1 untill the third bell calls another ,grand change1 and so successively2 there being three of them in the peal1 and #cfj changes4 ,if the bells are placed #bcefgadh at the beginning1 the #d4h will dodg behind the first sixscore of it1 #d4a the second1 and #a4h the third1 and then the #eth may call the ,grand changes in the place of the #c;d2 or any other three bells may be laid behind at first1 for the sake of ,musical dodging4 ,the first ,grand change may be made either at the first second third fourth or fifth ,parting change1 observing1 that whatsoever bell at the first ,grand change should then in course have call'd a ,parting change1 every time that bell comes to call a ,parting change1 it must call a ,grand change in the place of it3 or else any one of the six first bells 7the whole-hunt excepted7 may be appointed beforehand to attend the calling of the ,grand changes1 observing1 that every time that bell comes to call a ,parting change1 a ,grand change must be call'd in the place of it4 ,imperial ,bob4 ,quadruples and ,triples4 ,the ,treble hath a dodging course4 ,the two first and two last bells always dodg until the ,treble hindreth them1 and in the mean time the two next bells to those dodging bells do lie still one change1 dodg the next1 and so by turns until the ,treble also hindreth them4 ,and the two bells in the fifth and sixth places whilst the ,treble is behind1 and those in the #c;d and #dth places when 'tis before dodg1 until ,treble likewise hindreth them4 ,by this method it will go #bbd1 and by making of bobs it will go #ddh1 #fgb1 or #acdd4 ,the bob is a triple change at the leading of the ,treble1 wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still4 #abcdefgh #dbcfahge #afhdgbec #adbhcfge #badcfehg #bdcfhaeg #afdhbgce ---------------- #abcdfegh #dbfcahge ---------------- #ahfdebgc #badcefhg #bdfacheg #ahgfedcb #ahdfbecg #bdacfegh #dbafhcge bob ---------------- #dbcaefhg #bdfahceg #aghfdebc #afehgdcb #bdacefgh #dbafchge ---------------- bob #dbcafehg #dabfhceg #afegchbd #aefhdgbc #bdcfaegh #adfbchge bob ---------------- #dbfceahg #dabfcheg #aefghcdb #ahgecfbd #bdfcaegh #adfbhcge ---------------- bob #dbcfeahg #adbfcheg #agcebfdh #aghefcdb #bdfcehag #dafbhcge #agecfbhd ---------------- #dbcfhega #adbfhceg ---------------- #aecgbhdf #bdcfehag #dafbchge #acbgdehf #aegchbfd #dbfchega #dfabhceg #acgbedfh ---------------- #bdcfehga #fdbachge ---------------- #acbedgfh #dbfcheag #dfabcheg #abdchgfe #acebgdhf #bdfcehga #fdbahcge #abcdghef ---------------- #dbcfheag #dfbhaceg ---------------- #abdcfehg #bdfchaeg c4 #adhbfceg #abcdefgh ,to ring #ddh4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made1 as in this here prickt1 where #b is the half-hunt4 ,to ring #fgb4 ,every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind1 a bob must then be made4 ,to ring #acdd4 ,every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made1 except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it1 and then not4 ,the #b and #d may be the half and quarter-hunts1 others at pleasure4 ,,nottingham ,peals4 ,nottingham ,mixt ,peal4 #a4f4b4 #abcdef #badcfe #bdafce #dbfaec #dfbeac #fdebca #fedcba #efcdab #ecfadb #ceafbd #caebfd #acbedf #acbefd ------------ ,the ,changes are plain ,trebles and ,doubles until the ,treble leads1 and then a single change is always made4 ,the ,peal called ,old ,doubles and ,singles upon five bells is the ground of this ,peal1 every single in this peal being the single in that4 ,for as in that peal the whole-hunt is one of the two bells that make every single2 so likewise in this1 the #f being the half-hunt1 is one of the two bells that makes every single change herein1 except when it lieth next the whole-hunt1 and then the single is behind2 but when #b lieth also next the #f1 then extream in the fourth and fifth places4 ,nottingham ,trebles and ,doubles4 #a4b4c4 #abcdef #badcfe #bdacef #dbcafe #dcbfae #cdfbea #cfdeba #fcedab #fecadb #efacbd #eafcdb #aecfbd #acebfd #cabedf #cbaefd ,the ordinary course is to move directly1 except when the whole-hunt passes either out of or into the second's place1 and then constantly dodg behind4 ,there are single and double bobs2 the bob is a double change at the leading of the ,treble1 wherein the bell in the #dth place lieth still4 ,when the third hunt dodges behind1 the second hunt then leading1 is a warning for the single bob to be made at the next leading of the ,treble4 ,and when the second and third hunts dodg together behind1 is a warning for the double bob to be made at the two next leadings of the ,treble4 ,the two extreams in the #gbj must be made according to the general rule in the ,introduction1 p4 #ij4 ,nottingham ,single ,bob4 #a4e4b4 #abcdef #cdabfe #badcfe #cadfbe #bdafce #acfdeb #dbfaec bob #dfbeac #afcdbe #fdebca #fadceb #fedbac #fdaecb #efbdca #dfeabc #ebfdac #defacb #bedfca #edafbc #bdecfa #eadbfc #dbceaf #aebdcf #dcbaef #aedbfc ,one time the ,treble hunts quite up1 the next time only up into the fourth place1 and so by turns1 as in the example here prickt4 ,the bells observe the course of the ,treble1 and also dodg it being before2 and once in #abj changes bob1 when that bell which is nominated for the second hunt lying behind twice1 meets with the third hunt when the first hunt is going to lead4 ,the second and third hunts are both one4 ,the first single1 ,the second single4 #abdcfe #abcdfe #abdcef #abcdef ,nottingham ,bob4 #a and #b4 ,the ,treble hath a dodging course1 and every time it leads1 the double is on the four middle bells1 except the bobs which are made in the #b;d and #c;d1 and the #eth and #fth places4 ,the bobs are single and double4 ,when the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lieth behind1 is a warning for a double bob to be made at the two next leadings of the ,treble1 there being but three changes betwixt the two bobs4 ,and when the half-hunt lieth in the first and second places for twenty changes together1 is a warning for a single bob to be made the second time the ,treble leads4 ,the extreams must be made according to the general rule in the ,introduction1 page #ij4 #abcdef #ebcfad #dabfce #efbcad #afbdec #badcfe #ebfcda #adfbec #fecbda #abfedc #bdafce #becfad bob #fcedba #baefcd #dbfaec #bceafd #afdbce #cfdeab #bafedc #dbafce #cbaedf #fabdec #cfedba #abefcd #bdfaec #cbeafd #fbaedc #fcdeab #aebcfd #bfdeac #bcaedf #bfeacd #fdcaeb #eacbdf #fbedca #bacdef #bfaedc #dfacbe #fbdeac #abdcfe #fbeacd #dfcaeb #bfedca #adbfce #febcad #fdacbe #befcda #dafbec #efcbda #fadbce ,redding ,bob4 #abcdef #cbdeaf #badcfe #bcdefa #abdcef #cbedaf #bacdfe #bceadf #bcadef #cbaefd #cbdafe #bceafd #bcadfe #cbaedf #cbdaef #cabefd #bcdeaf #acebdf #cbedfa #caebfd #bcedaf #acbedf #cbdefa #acebfd #bcedfa ,the treble hath a dodging course1 and when it moves up out of the #b;d place the two first bells dodg until it comes there again2 and when it moves down out of the #eth place1 the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again1 except only whilst it dodgeth in the #c;d and #dth places1 and then the two hind bells lie still4 ,when the ,treble lieth behind the double is on the four first bells2 and when it leadeth on the four last4 ,by this method it will go #abj1 and by making of bobs it will go #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,at the bobs the bell in the #dth place lieth still4 ,the rule of calling the bobs is the same with that in the ,colledge ,bobs1 page #afb4 ,redding ,bob according to the ,cambridg way4 #abcdef #badcfe #abdcef #bacdfe #bcadef #cbdafe #cbadef ------------ ------------ #bcafed #bcfade #cbafed #cabfde #acfbed #cafbde #acbfed #acfbde ,this is the same with the former1 excepting only the double changes which are made when the ,treble dodgeth in the #c;d and #dth places1 both in hunting up and down2 which are here made on the four hind bells1 whereas in that they were made on the four first bells3 so that here the two hind bells dodg without intermission until the ,treble hindreth them4 ,this will also go #bdj1 #cfj1 and #gbj1 and the bobs made by the same rule as the former4 ,illustration3 ,fleuron ,fifteen ,,oxford ,peals4 ,adventure4 #a and #b4 #abcde #ceadb #abdec #aebdc #badce #caedb ---------- #aedbc #bdace #ceabd #adbce #adecb #badec #caebd #adcbe #adceb #bdaec #acbed #acdeb ---------- #dbeac #acebd #acedb #acdbe #dbeca #aecdb ---------- #acbde #debac #aedcb #aecbd #abced #debca ---------- #aebcd ,extr4 #edcba #adebc #abedc #abcde #edcab #adbec ,extr4 #ecdba #abdce #abecd #ecdab ,extr4 ---------- ,doubles and singles4 ,every bell leads four times4 ,the ,treble hath a dodging course2 and is one of the two bells which makes every single change except when it leads1 and then 'tis made in the #c;d and #dth places2 but when the #b lieth next it1 an extream behind4 ,camelion4 #a and #b4 #abcde #debac #baced #deabc #bcade #daecb #bcdae #adebc #bdcea #adbec #dbeca ---------- ,every time the ,treble hunts up and down1 it makes a single in the third and #dth places1 and when it leads the single is there also2 but when #b lies next it1 then an extream behind4 ,every bell except the ,treble leads four times4 ,medley4 #a and #e4 #abcde #edacb #baced #edabc #bacde #eadcb #bcaed #eadbc #bcade #aebdc #cbdae #aebcd #cdbae #abedc #cbdea #abecd #cdbea ---------- #dceba #adceb #decba #adcbe #dceab #acdeb #decab #acdbe ,doubles and ,singles4 ,the treble leads four times1 lieth behind as many1 and twice in every other place4 ,every other bell leads four times4 ,every single is made behind1 except when the ,treble is either in the fourth or fifth places1 and then in the second and third places4 ,every time the ,treble goeth to lead and leaves leading1 the double is on the two first and two last bells1 except when the treble goeth to lead if the #eth gives it place1 and then the double is made on the four first bells4 ,oxford ,paradox4 #a and #e4 #abcde #edcab #badce #edacb #bacde #decab #bcaed #deacb #bcead #daebc #cbaed #dabec #cbead #adebc #cebda #aedbc #cedba #adecb #ecbda #aedcb #ecdba ,doubles and singles4 ,every bell leads four times1 and lieth behind as many4 ,every single is made in the third and fourth places until the ,treble leads1 and then in the second and third places3 but when the ,treble leads and the fifth lieth behind1 then the extream in the third and fourth places4 ,halliwell4 #a and #b4 #abcde #edcab #baced #decab #bacde #edacb #bcaed #edabc #bcade #eadcb #cbdae #eadbc #bcdae #aedcb #cbdea #aedbc #cdbea #adecb #dceba #adebc #decba ---------- ,treble leads four times1 lies behind as many1 and twice in every other place4 ,when it leaves the two hind bells1 they dodg until it comes there again1 except when it leads and #b lies next it1 for then an extream is made in the third and fourth places4 ,oxford ,sixscore4 #abcde #cbead #bacde #cbaed #bcade #cabed #bcdae #acbed #bcdea #acebd #cbeda ,the ,treble hath a direct hunting course1 as in plain changes2 and the changes are all single except when the ,treble lieth behind1 and then a double is made on the four first bells2 and when it leads1 the single is in the third and fourth places1 but when #b lieth next it an extream behind4 ,fortune4 #a and #b4 #abcde #acbed #baced ---------- #bcade #adebc #cbdae #adecb #cdbea ---------- #dceba #abced #decab ,extr4 #edacb #abecd #eadbc ---------- #aedcb #adceb #aedbc #adcbe ---------- ---------- #acbde c4 ,doubles4 ,the ,treble is a perfect hunt1 and when it leaves the two hind bells they dodg until it comes there again4 ,every bell leads twice1 and then hunts directly up1 unless the aforesaid dodging hindreth them4 ,every time the ,treble leads1 a single is made behind1 except when #b lieth next it1 and then an extream in the third and fourth places4 ,oxford ,single ,bob4 ,triples1 ,doubles1 and ,singles4 #a4 #b4 and #c4 #abcdef #badcfe #bdacef #dbcafe #dcbfae #cdfbea #cfdeba #fcedab #fecadb #efacbd #eafcdb #aecfbd #aefcdb #eacfbd #ecafdb #cefabd #cfebad ,the ,treble hath a direct hunting course2 and when it leaves the two hind bells they dodg until it comes there again4 ,every bell leads twice1 and then hunts directly up1 unless the aforesaid dodging hindreth them4 ,when the ,treble leads1 the double is on the four hind bells4 ,by this method it will go sixty changes1 and by making of singles it will go #abj1 #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,the singles in the #abj1 #bdj1 and #gbj1 must be made by the same method with those in ,old ,triples and ,doubles1 page #aji4 ,and to ring #cfj1 every time the #a4b lie together before1 the single must be made behind2 and when #a4b4c lie together there1 then the single in the fourth and fifth places4 ,oxford ,double ,bob4 ,triples1 ,doubles1 and ,singles4 #abcdef #bdface #badcfe #dbafec #bdacef #dabfce #dbcafe #adfbec #bdcfae #adbfce #dbfcea #dafbec #bdcfea #dfabce #dbfcae ,when the ,treble leaves the two first bells1 they dodg until it comes there again2 but in all other respects 'tis the same with the former4 ,and the singles in the #abj1 #bdj1 #cfj1 and #gbj1 to be made as in that ,peal4 ,oxford ,single ,bob4 ,the method of this ,peal is the same in all respects with ,oxford ,single ,bob1 ,triples ,doubles and ,singles1 excepting the bobs in this peal1 which are made in stead of the singles in that4 ,by making of bobs it will go #ahj or #cfj4 ,the bob is a double change at the leading of the ,treble1 wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still4 ,to ring #ahj1 there must be a whole and half-hunt2 and when the whole-hunt is before and the half-hunt behind1 the next change is to be a bob4 ,to ring #cfj1 there must be a whole1 half1 and quarter-hunt1 viz4 ,first1 when the whole-hunt comes to lead1 and the half-hunt to fall behind1 the next change is a bob3 and ,secondly1 when the whole-hunt leads before the quarter-hunt1 and the half-hunt is in the fifth place1 the next change is also a bob4 ,the #a and #e may be the whole and half-hunts in the #ahj1 and #a4e4c the whole1 half1 and quarter-hunts in the #cfj1 or others at pleasure4 ,oxford ,double ,bob4 ,the method of this peal is the same in all respects with ,oxford double ,bob before1 excepting the bobs in this peal1 which are made instead of the singles in that4 ,the bobs are here made in the same manner1 and call'd by the same rule in the #ahj and #cfj1 as in ,oxford single ,bob next before2 and the two extreams in the #gbj1 both in this and the last peal1 must be made according to the general rule in the ,introduction4 ,oxford ,triple ,bob4 #abcdef #badcfe #abdcef #bacdfe #bcadef #cbdafe #cbadef #bcdafe #bdcfae #dbfcea #dbcfae #bdfcea #bfdeca #fbedac #fbdeca #bfedac #befadc #ebafcd #ebfadc #beafcd #baefdc #abfecd #bafedc #abefcd #aebcfd #eacbdf #aecbfd #eabcdf #ebacfd ,the ,treble is the whole-hunt1 and hath a dodging course4 ,when it leaves the two hind bells1 they dodg until it leads1 and then a double is made on the four middle bells1 which parts the two hind bells2 but then the two hind bells dodg again until the ,treble displaceth them4 ,every bell leads twice 7except when the ,treble dodgeth there7 and as they hunt up and down do make a dodg in the third and #dth places4 ,when the ,treble moves up from dodging before1 the bell that dodged there with it continues in the first and #b;d places1 lying twice together in each1 until the ,treble comes down to dodg there with it again4 ,by this method it will go #abj1 and by making of bobs it will go #cfj4 ,at the bobs the bell in the fourth place lieth still4 ,the warning for them is this1 ,when the half-hunt leads1 and the ,treble moves down1 and dodgeth there with it1 a bob must then be made at that leading of the ,treble4 ,the #c may be the half-hunt1 or any other4 ,oxford ,triple ,bob1 the second way4 #abcdef #bedfac #badcfe #bdeafc #abdcef #dbaecf #bacdfe #dbeafc #bcafde #bdaecf #cbfaed #badcef #cbafde #abcdfe #bcfaed #bacdef #bfcead #abdcfe #fbecda #adbfce #fbcead #dafbec #bfecda #adfbce #befdca #dabfec #ebdfac #dbaefc #ebfdca #bdeacf ,this peal is in all respects the same with that next before1 except the double change which is made when the ,treble moves up out of the second place1 and also down into that place again1 which is here made on the four middle bells1 and consequently parts the two hind bells1 which in the former peal continued dodging together4 ,this will also go #cfj1 the bobs being made1 in the same manner1 and also the warning for them the same1 as in the former peal4 ,oxford ,riddle1 or the ,hermophrodite4 ,treble is the whole-hunt2 whilst 'tis hunting up the two last bells dodg1 and whilst #abcdef #cdafeb #badcfe #cadefb #bdacef #acedbf #dbcafe #acdefb #dcbfae #caedbf #cdfbea #ceadfb #dcbfea #ecdabf #cdfbae #edcbaf #dcfabe 'tis hunting down the two first4 ,every time it leads and lieth behind1 the double is made on the four farthest bells from it4 ,every bell leads twice and lieth behind twice1 except the dodging hinder4 ,by this method it will go sixty changes triples and doubles1 and then by making of singles as in ,old triples and doubles1 it will go #abj1 #bdj1 or #gbj4 ,my ,lord4 #add4 #abcdef #bacdfe #bcadef #cbdaef #cdbeaf #dcbefa #dbcfea #bdcfae #bcdafe #cbadfe #cabdef #acbdfe #abcfde ------------ ,doubles4 ,treble is a perfect ,hunt4 ,every bell leads twice1 and then moves up into the third place where it lieth twice1 and then moves down again except the motion of the ,treble hindreth4 ,when the ,treble goeth to lead and leaves leading1 the double is on the two first and two last bells2 and when it leadeth1 'tis on the four middle bells4 ,but when it leadeth1 and the #f lieth behind1 then a single in the third and fourth places4 ,if a double be made on the four hind bells1 at every third leading of the ,treble it will go #ahj compleat doubles2 and then by making of two singles it will go #cfj1 or with four singles #gbj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,seventeen ,peals composed at ,,cambridge1 by ,mr4 ,s4,s4 ,my ,honey4 #a and #b4 #abcde #cabed #edcba #baced #cabde #debca #bacde #acbed #edbca #bcaed ---------- #debac #bcade #acebd #edbac #cbdae #aecdb #deabc #bcdae ---------- #deacb #cbdea #aedcb #daebc #bcdea #eadbc #daecb #cbeda #eadcb #adebc #bceda #edabc ---------- #cbead #edacb #adbec #bcead #decab #abdce #cbaed #edcab ---------- #cbade #decba #abdec ,in this peal there is a whole-hunt and an half-hunt4 ,the whole-hunt lieth always four times before1 and four times behind1 and twice in every other place4 ,the two hindmost bells always dodg 'till the whole-hunt hindreth1 except when the whole-hunt is before1 at which time there are four changes made of a four and twenty doubles and singles2 the first of which is a double change brought in by the course of the bells 7as in the following peal appeareth7 #acbed2 the second is a single in the third and fourth places 7#acebd72 the third is a double on the four last 7#aecdb71 and the fourth a single again in the third and fourth places 7#aedcb71 except when the half-hunt is with the whole-hunt before1 then it is to be an extream behind4 ,when the whole-hunt leaves the third's place hunting up1 the two formost bells dodg till it returns into the same place again4 ,the ,whirligigge4 #a and #e4 ,in this peal1 first the bells dodg behind 7and not before7 till the whole-hunt hindreth them2 and the next course they dodg in like manner before 7and not behind7 till the whole-hunt hindreth them2 and so by turns throughout the whole peal4 ,when the whole-hunt is before1 if the bells were dodging behind before it came to lead1 single behind2 if they were dodging before1 single in second's and third's place2 and when the whole-hunt leads1 and half-hunt is in ,tenor's place1 there is always an extream to be made in #c;d and #dth place1 which is every fourth time the whole-hunt leads4 #bacedeabdccabdedaceb #bcadeebacdcbaeddcabe #cbdaebecadbceadcdbae #cdbeaebcdabecdadcbea #dcebabedcaebdcacdeba #decabebdacedbacdceab #edacbbeadcdeabccdaeb #eadbcbaecddaecbcadbe #aedcbabcedadebc---------- #aedbcacbedadecbacdbe ,jack-on-both-sides4 #a and #e4 #baceddeacbebadccbeadbcdeaecdba #bcadeedcabbedacbcedacbedacedab #cbdaedecbaebdcacbdeabceadecadb #cdbeaedbcabecdacdbaecbaedeacbd #dcebadebacebcaddcabecabdeaebcd #cdeabedabcbeacddacebacbed---------- #dcaebeadcbbaedcadcbeacebdaebdc #dacbeaecdbabecdadbcecaedbeadbc #adceb----------abceddabecceabd #adecbaecbdbacdedbaceecbad #daebceabcdbcaedbdcaecebda ,in this peal the bells always dodg both before and behind1 till the whole-hunt hindreth them2 except when both the ,hunts are together either before or behind2 for then the two farthest bells from the ,hunts do leave dodging for the next change onely which is always a double made by the two ,hunts and the two next bells to them4 ,the singles and extreams are made as in the ,old ,doubles4 ,winwick ,doubles4 #a and #c4 ,in this peal1 first1 the two hindmost bells dodg till the whole-hunt hindreth them1 till the first single is made3 and then the two formost bells dodg 'till the whole-hunt hindreth them1 until there be made another single1 and so they continually dodg successively throughout the whole peal4 ,there are six singles which are made in the same manner as in ,st4 ,dunstan's ,doubles1 page #abg4 #baceddaecbcabeddaebc #bcadedeabccbadedeacb #cbdaeedbacbcdaeedcab #cdbeaebdcacbdeadecba #dcebabecdabcedaedbca #decabbceadcbeaddebac #edacbcbaedbcaededabc #eadbccabdebacdeeadcb #aedcbacbedabdceaecdb #adebc----------adbec---------- #acebd #aecbd ,non-such4 #a and #b4 ,in this peal the bells always dodg both behind and before till the whole-hunt hindreth them1 except when both the ,hunts are together either behind or before3 for then the bells omit dodging for the next change1 as in ,jack-on-both-sides4 ,there are four singles which are all made in the #c;d and #dth places every third time that the whole-hunt leads4 #badcebeacdcbdaeecbadedbcacdeba #bdaecebcadbcdeacebdadecbacedab #dbeacbecdacbedaecdbadceabecadb #bdecaebdcabceadedcabcdaebeacbd #dbceabedaccbaeddeacbcadbeaecdb #bdcaeebadccabdedaebcacdeb---------- #dbaceeabcdacbedadecbadcbeaedcb #dabecaebdc----------aedbcdaceb #adbceabecdacebdeadcbdcabe #abdecbacedcaedbedabccdbae #baedcbcadeceabddebacdcbea ,cambridg ,delight4 #b and #d4 ,in this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders them4 ,when the whole-hunt leaves the thirds place hunting up1 the two foremost bells dodg till the half-hunt hinders them1 whose course is the same with the course of the half-hunt in ,grandsire4 ,there are two singles which are made by the same rule as in ,grandsire4 #acbedaebdcadbcedebca #caebdabecddacbedbeac #acedbbaedcdcaebbdeca #cadebbeacdcdeabbedac #cdabeebadccedbaebdca #dcbaeeabcdecbdaedbac #dbceaaecbdebcaddeabc #bdcaeeacdbbecdadaecb #bcdeaaedcbbceadadceb #cbdaeadebccbedaacdbe #cdbeadabeccebadcabde #dcebadbaceecabdcbaed #decabbdaecceadbbcade #edacbbadceecdab---------- #eadbcabdecedcbabcaed ,cambridg ,delight1 another way4 #a and #d4 #bacedeabcdcaebd #bcadeebadcceadb #cbdaebedacecdab #cdbeabdecaedcba #dcebadbceadebca #decabdcbaedbeac #edacbcdabebdaec #eadbccadebbadce #aedcbacdbeabdec #adebcadcebadbce #daecbdacbedabec #deabcdcaebdbace #edbaccdeabbdcae #ebdcacedbabcdea #becdaecbdacbeda #ebcadcebadbcead #beacdecabdcbaed #baedceacdbcabde #abecdaecbdacbed #aebdcacedb---------- #acbde ,in this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders1 as in the former ,peal4 ,when the half-hunt leaves the #c;ds place hunting up1 the two foremost bells dodg till the whole-hunt hinders4 ,it differeth from the former peal in this2 ,that whereas in that the bells always begin to dodg before when the whole-hunt leaves third's place1 and are parted by the half-hunt2 in this they begin to dodg before when the half-hunt leaves the third's place1 and are parted as well before as behind by the whole-hunt4 ,it differeth also1 in that the half-hunt in this peal always bobbeth behind on the contrary stroke to what it doth in the former peal2 there are two singles1 which are made as in the former peal4 ,the ,dream1 upon five bells4 #a and #b4 ,in this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders1 except when the two ,hunts are together before4 ,or it may be rang by making the two foremost bells dodg always1 except the ,hunts be together behind4 ,there are six single changes which are all behind every other time the whole-hunt leads1 the half-hunt at every single lying either in the #b;d or #c;ds places4 #badceeacdbdabceecadb #bdaececabddbaeccedab #dbeaccebadbdeaccdeba #debcacbedabedcadcbea #edcbabcdeaebcdadbcae #ecdabbdcaeecbadbdace #ceadbdbaceceabdbadec #caebddabeccaedbabedc #acedbadbceacebd---------- #aecbd----------aecdbabecd #adbeceacbd;c4 ,the ,contention upon five bells4 #a and #b4 ,in this peal1 the two hindmost bells dodg as in the former peal till the ,hunts are together before for twenty changes2 and then for the next twenty changes the two formost bells dodg1 except the ,hunts are together behind4 ,there are six singles which are made as in the former peal4 #badceeacdbdaebcdabce #bdaececabddeacbdbaec #dbeaccebadedcabbdeac #debcacbedaecdbadbeca #edcbabcdeacebdabdcea #ecdabbdcaeecbaddbcae #ceadbdbaceceabdbdace #caebddabeccaedbbadec #acedbadbceacdebabedc #aecbd----------adcbe---------- #adbec #abecd c4 ,the ,cheat4 #a and #c4 ,in this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg 'till the whole-hunt hinders1 and the two foremost bells dodg 'till either the whole or half-hunt hinders4 ,or on the contrary1 the two foremost bells may dodg 'till the whole-hunt hinder1 and the two hindmost 'till either the whole-hunt or half-hunt hinder4 ,or it may be rang a third way1 by joining both these courses together1 ringing twenty changes of it one way1 and the next twenty changes the other way throughout the peal4 ,there are six singles which are all made behind1 every second time the whole-hunt leads2 or at pleasure it may be rang with twelve singles1 which are likewise all made behind4 #baceddaecbcaedbeabdc #bcadedeabcceabdebacd #cbdaeedbacecbadbecad #cdbeadebcaebcdabceda #dcebaedcbabedcacbdea #decabecdabebdaccdbae #edacbceadbbeadcdcabe #eadbccaebdbaecddaceb #aedcbacedbabedcadcbe #adebc----------aebcd---------- #acebd #adceb c4 ,topsie-turvie4 #a and #b4 #baceddaecbcaedbbadec #bcadedeabcceabdbdace #cbdaeedbacecbaddbcae #cdbeadebcacebdabdcea #dcebaedcbaecdbadbeca #decabecdabcedabbdeac #edacbceadbecadbdbaec #eadbccaebdeacbddabce #aedcbacedbaebcdadcbe #adebc----------abedc---------- #acebd #adceb c4 ,jumping ,doubles dodging before4 #abcde #cabed #edacb #bdeac #ecbda #dceba #baecd #bcade #debac #dbcea #cedba #cdbae #ebadc #cbead #edcba #bdeca #ecbad #dcaeb #becad #bcdea #debca #dbcae #ceadb #cadbe #ebdca #cbeda #edcab #bdaec #eacbd #acbed #becda #bcdae #deabc #dabce #aedcb ---------- #ebdac #cbaed #eadcb #adceb #adebc #acbde #beacd #bacde #aebdc #acdbe #daceb c4 #eabdc #abdec #abecd #caedb #cdabe #aecbd #adbce #badec #ecabd #dceab #acedb #daebc #dbace #cedab #cdbea ,in this peal every change is a jumping change 7in which one bell leaps over two bells at once17 except when the ,treble is either behind or before1 for then there is always a plain double change made1 or else a single at the end of each sixty changes4 ,treble is a perfect ,hunt2 the two foremost bells always dodg until the ,treble hinder4 ,when the ,treble is hunting up1 the jumping changes are all made by the bell in the ,tenor's place1 jumping into third's1 except only that one when ,treble goeth out of second's place into third's2 for then the bell in the #c;ds place jumps into ,trebles1 where it dodgeth with the bell in the #b;ds place till ,treble hinder4 ,when ,treble is hunting down every jumping change is made by the bell in the #c;ds place jumping into ,tenor's1 except when it goeth out of third's place into second's1 for then the bell in ,treble's place jumps into #c;ds4 ,and observe always1 that when ,treble is going to lead the first time1 the bell in ,tenor's place jumps into third's1 and the next time the bell in the third's place into ,tenor's throughout the peal4 ,there are two singles which are made1 as in ,grandsire4 ,jumping ,doubles dodging behind4 ,in this peal ,treble is a perfect ,hunt1 as in the former4 ,the two hindmost bells always dodg till ,treble hinders4 ,when ,treble is hunting up the bell in thirds place always jumps into ,treble's1 excepting only when ,treble goeth out of third's place into fourth's2 for then the bell in ,tenor's place jumps into #c;ds4 ,and observe1 that every second time the ,treble goeth out of #dth into #eths place1 the bell in ,treble's place jumps into #c;ds2 whereas at other times at the same change the bell in #c;ds place jumps into ,treble's4 ,when ,treble leaves the #eths place hunting down1 the bell in the #c;ds place jumps into ,treble's2 when she leaves #dths place the bell in #c;ds place jumps into ,tenor's4 ,when she is either in the #b;d or #c;ds places hunting down1 the bell in the ,treble's place jumps into #c;ds4 ,there are two singles made1 as in the former ,peal4 #abcde #cadbe #ebadc #bdeac #becda #cdbea #cabed #dcaeb #becad #debca #ebdca #bcdae #bcade #cdbae #cbeda #edcba #debac #cbaed #cbead #dbcea #bcdea #cedab #edacb #bacde #ecbda #bdeca #dbcae #ecabd #daebc #acbed #cedba #ebdac #bdaec #caedb #aedcb ---------- #dceab #beacd #dabce #aecbd #adebc #acbde #cdabe #eabdc #abdec #acedb #eadcb c4 #daceb #abecd #adbce #eacbd #deabc #acdbe #aebdc #badec #ceadb #edcab #adceb #baecd #dbace #ecbad #dceba ,symphonie1 upon six bells4 #a4 #b4 and #c4 ,in this peal are #gbj changes1 all doubles except twelve singles1 which are made as in plain ,trebles and ,doubles on six bells4 ,the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders them1 except when a single is made in the #dth and #eth places4 ,when the whole-hunt leaves the #dths place hunting up1 the two foremost bells dodg till it leaves the same place again hunting down3 but it may be rang at pleasure to make the bells dodg perpetually before as well as behind1 by making in every twelve changes two ,trebles1 one of them when the whole-hunt leaves the #c;ds place hunting up1 and the other when it leaves the #dths place hunting down2 so that there will be in the whole peal ,sixscore ,treble-changes4 ,when the whole-hunt is behind1 the four foremost bells dodg2 when the whole-hunt is before1 the four hindmost dodg4 #bacdfecafbedfaecdbeadfbcdabecf #bcadefcfabdefeacbdedafcbdbaefc #bcdafecfbaedfecadbedfabcdbeacf #cbdfaefcbeadefcdabdefbacbdecaf #bcdfeacfbedafecdbaedfbcadbecfa #cbfdeafcebdaefdcbadebfcabdcefa #bcfdaecfebadfedcabedbfacdbceaf #cbfadefceabdefdacbdebafcbdcaef #cbafedfcaedbefadbcdeabcfbdacfe #cabfdefacebdeafdcbdaebfcbadcef #acbfedafcedbaefdbcadebcfabdcfe #acfbdeafecbdaedfcbadbefc------------ #abdfce c4 ,grandsire upon ,symphonie4 #a4 #b4 and #f4 ,this peal of ,symphonie may be rang with but two single or two treble changes at the end of either ,eighteenscore1 by ringing it with single and double bobs as in ,grandsire ,bob4 ,the rule for calling the bobs in this peal is the very same as in ,grandsire ,bob1 but when the bob-changes are to be made1 the ,hunts do not lie in the same order as in ,grandsire ,bob2 for in this peal at a single bob the whole-hunt leads1 the half-hunt in the #eth place1 and the quarter-hunt in the #dth place4 ,and at the first bob of a double bob the half-huntis in ,tenor's place1 and quarter-hunt in #b;ds place2 and at the later bob the half-hunt is in the #eth place1 and quarter-hunt in #b;ds place1 just contrary to what it is in ,grandsire ,bob4 ,i have prickt this peal with two ,treble changes in every twelve2 so that if you make two ,trebles more at the end of either ,eighteenscore 7which must be made when the whole-hunt is going to lead just two changes sooner than if you should have made a single7 there will then be in the whole #gbj just ,sixscore and two ,treble changes4 #bacdfecafbedcafedbcafdbefabced #bcadefcfabdecfaebdcfadebfbacde #cbdafefcbaedfceadbfcdabebfcaed #bcdfaecfbeadcfedabcfdbaefbcead #cbdfeafcbedafcedbafcdbeabfceda #bcfdeacfebdacfdebacfbdeafbecda #cbfdaefcebadfcdeabfcbdaebfecad #bcfadecfeabdcfdaebcfbadefbeacd #cbafedfcaedbfcadbefcabedbfaedc #cabfdefacebdfacdebfacbdebafecd #acbfedafcedbafcdbeafcbedabfedc #acfbde------------------------afbcdeabe fcd #acfebdacfdeb c4 ,trebles and ,doubles on six ,bells with six ,singles4 #a4 #b4 and #c4 #badcfe #cbadef #aecdfb #afdceb #bdafce #bcdafe ------------ ------------ #dbfaec #bdcfae #acedbf #adfecb #dfbeac #dbfcea ------------ #adefbc #fdebca #dfbeca #aecbdf ------------ #fedcba #fdebac #aebcfd #aedbfc #efcdab #fedabc ------------ #aebdcf #ecfadb #efadcb #abefcd ------------ #ceafbd #eafcdb #abfedc #abecdf #caebfd #aecfbd ------------ ----sing4 #acbedf bob4 #afbdec #abecfd #acebfd #acefdb #afdbce c4 #cabedf ------------ ------------ #adfcbe bob4 ,this peal is taken out of the ,dream upon five bells4 ,every time the whole-hunt is before1 there being two changes of that peal made in this4 ,every bell is a perfect ,hunt1 when the whole-hunt is before dodg on the four hindmost1 except the half-hunt be either in the #eth or ,tenor's place1 then always bob as in ,grandsire ,bob1 except the quarter-hunt lieth next to the half-hunt1 for then it is always to be a dodg on the four hindmost4 ,every other time that the whole-hunt and half-hunt come together before1 there is single which is always made behind4 ,a ,twelvescore ,trebles and ,doubles4 upon ,six ,bells4 #badcfebcdafebfadecaefdbc #bdacefcbdaefbafdceafebdc #dbcafebcadfeabdfec------------ #bdcaefbacdefbadfcefaebcd #dbacfeabdcfeabfdecafecbd #dabcef------------afbdce------------ #adcbfeadbfcefadbecafcedb #adbcefdafbecfabdceacfdeb #dacbfedfabceafdbec------------ #dcabeffdbaecadfbcecafdbe #cdbafefdabcedabfecacfbde #dcbaefdfbaecadbefc------------ #cdabfedbface------------acbfed #cadbefbdafecadebcfabcefd #acbdfedbafceaedcbf------------ #acdbefbdfaec------------bacedf #cabdfebfdaceeadcfbabcdef #cbadeffbadecaedfcb------------ #fbdace------------ ,in this peal the four foremost bells go a four and twenty ,doubles and ,singles1 observing always1 ,that for one ,four and ,twenty the bell in the ,treble's place is the hunting bell1 and for the next the bell in the #dths place throughout the peal1 the two hindmost bells always dodging till the end of the ,twenty ,four2 at which time there is a double made 7if the bell in the ,treble's place was the ,hunt in the ,twenty ,four7 on the four middlemost2 but if the bell in the #dths place was the hunting bell1 the double is to be made in ,treble and #b;d and #dth and #eth places4 ,cambridg ,bob4 #abcdef #cbedaf #badcfe #cebadf #abcdfe #ecabfd #badcef #ecbadf #bdacfe #ceabfd #dbcaef #caebdf #dbacfe #acbefd #bdcaef #caebfd #bcdeaf #acbedf #cbedfa #acebfd #cbdeaf #cabedf #bcedfa #acebdf #cbdefa #cabefd #bcedaf #cbaedf #bcdefa c4 ,the ,treble hath a constant dodging course2 and when it leaves the two hind bells1 they dodg until it comes there again1 except when the ,treble dodgeth before1 and then they lie still4 ,the two middle bells always dodg until the ,treble comes there4 ,when the ,treble leaves dodging before1 every bell leads twice1 except when the ,treble lieth still behind1 and then the two first bells make a dodg4 ,bobs are made as in ,grandsire ,bob1 and the warning for them the same also with that4 ,fourteen more ,peals1 composed at ,,cambridge4 ,doubles and ,singles on five ,bells4 ,the ,parasite4 #a and #e4 ,in this peal the ,bells behind always dodg1 except the ,treble prevents them4 ,when ,treble is leaving the #c;ds place hunting up1 the bells before dodg at whole pulls1 if ,tenor be not one of them1 until it parts them4 ,the course of the bells in hunting is the same with ,tendring4 #abcde #cebda #caebd #dbeca #baced #cebad #caedb #dbeac #bacde #ecabd #ceabd #bdaec #bcaed #ecadb #ceadb #bdace #bcade #eacbd #ecdab #badec #cbdae #eacdb #ecdba #badce #cbdea #aecbd #edcab #abdec #bcdae #aecdb #edcba #abdce #bcdea #acebd #debca #adbec #cbeda #acedb #debac #adbce #cbead c4 ,the ,tulip4 #a and #b4 #bacedeadbc #bacdeeadcb #bcaededabc #bcadeedacb #cbdaedecab #cbdeadecba #bcdaeedcab #bcdeaedcba #cbedadebca #cbeaddebac #bcedaedbca #bceadedbac #cbaeddeabc #cbadedeacb #cabeddaebc #cabdedaecb #acbedadebc #acebdadbec #aecdbabdce #aedcb---------- #abdec c4 ,in this peal ,treble hunteth as in ,tendring4 ,when ,treble is in third's place hunting up1 the bells dodg before at whole-pulls1 till it comes and parts them4 ,when it is in third's place hunting down the bells behind always dodg1 except it leadeth1 till it parts them4 ,when ,treble is before there are four changes of twenty four doubles and singles2 whereof the first is brought in by the hunting of the bells4 ,all the singles in the ,twenty four are made in the #c;d and #dths place1 except #a-b before1 then extream behind4 ,the ,honey-suckle4 #a and #b4 ,in this peal every bell leads four times4 ,while every bell but ,treble is leading1 the bells behind always dodg3 every #dth change is made by the four foremost bells4 ,when ,treble is leading there are four changes of ,twenty four doubles and singles made as in the former peal4 ,the first change is on the four bells before4 #badceecdbaeacdbbdcea #badececdabeacbdbdcae #bdaceceadbecadbdbace #bdaecceabdecabddbaec #dbeaccaedbcebaddabce #dbecacaebdcebdadabec #debacacbedcbeadadebc #debcaacebdcbedaadbec #edcbaaecdbbcdeaabdce #edcabaedcbbcdae---------- #abdec;c4 ,peals on #e bells1 with twelve ,singles4 ,blunderbus4 #a----b4 ,in this peal every bell is a ,hunt4 ,when ,treble and #b;d are together either before or behind1 the farthest bells from them dodg till either of them part1 excepting the extreams4 ,when the ,treble is before a single in #c;d and #dth place1 which is unmade the next time except #a------------b2 for then the ,hunts being together before1 the bells behind must dodg according to the rule forementioned4 #bacedadcbeacdebeabcdbcaed #bcadedabceacedbaecbdbacde #cbdaedbaeccadebaebcdabced #cdbeabdeaccdabeeacbdabecd #dcebabedcadcbaeecadb---------- #cdeabebcdadbceacedabbaedc #dcaebecbadbdecaecdbabeacd #dacbeceabdbedaccebda;c4 #adbcecaedbebadccbead ,hudibras4 #a and #b4 ,in this peal every bell is a ,hunt4 ,when ,treble is before a single always in #c;d and #dth place which is unmade the next time1 except it be #a----b1 for then the bells behind dodg until ,treble parts them4 #bacedaedbcadecbcabdebeadc #bcadeeabdcadcebacdbebaecd #cbdaeebacddaecbacbdeabced #cdbeabecaddeabccadbeabecd #dcebabcedaedbaccdaeb---------- #decabcbdeaebdcadceabbaedc #edacbcdbaebecdadecbabeacd #eadbcdcabebceadedbca;c4 #aebdcdacebcbaedebdac ,weston ,doubles4 #a and #e4 ,in this peal ,treble is a perfect ,hunt4 ,every other time ,treble is leaving the #c;ds place hunting up1 the bells before dodg till it comes and parts them3 the bells behind dodg but when ,treble hinders them1 except the extremes which are in #c;d and #dths place when it is #a----b before2 all the other singles are made behind when ,treble is leading4 ,it may be rang by making all the singles behind1 by making the change before it is #a----b on the bells before4 #abcde #acbed #eadcb #deabc #cbead #baced #acbde #aedbc #daecb #bcaed #bcade #cabed #aedcb #adebc #bacde #cbdae #cbade #eadbc #adecb #abced #bcdea #bcdae #edacb #daebc ---------- #cbeda #bdcea #decab #deacb #abecd #bcead #dbeca #edcba #edcab c4 #cbaed #debac #debca #ecdba #cabde #edabc #edbac #cebda ,peals on five bells with #aj singles4 ,the ,antilope4 ,in this peal the bells hunt as in ,grandsire4 ,when ,treble is before1 a single is always made by the ,tenor1 and the bell which followeth it1 except two doubles which are made as the singles in ,grandsire4 ,it may be rang like ,cambridg delight either way by observing the same method if like ,cambridg delight the common way2 and by making the singles by the half-hunt and the bell before it1 if like ,cambridg delight the other way4 #baced #aebdc #cdaeb #bdeca #ecbad #dabec #bcade #abedc #cadbe #bedac #ebcda ---------- #cbdae #baecd #acdeb #ebadc #bedca #aedcb #cdbea #beadc #acdbe #eabcd #bdeac #adecb #dceba #ebdac #cadeb #aecbd #dbaec ---------- #decab #edbca #cdabe #acebd #dabce #abced #edacb #decba #dcbae #caedb #adbec ,extr4 #eadbc #dceab #dbcea #ceabd #adbce #acbde ,the ,maremaid4 #acbedabdce #cabdebacde #cbaedabced #bcadebaecd #bacedabedc #abecdaebcd #aebdceabdc #eabcdaedbc #ebadceadcb #beacdaecdb #baedceacbd #badececabd c4 ,in this peal behind dodg twelve changes1 excepting the sixth which is made on the bells before1 and the twelfth which is a single in the #c;d and #dths places2 and twelve changes before1 excepting also the sixth1 which is made by the bells behind1 and the twelfth which is a single in #b;d and #c;ds places4 ,when they dodg behind1 every odd change is on the last bells1 and every even one a bob1 excepting these two changes4 ,when they dodg before1 every odd change is a bob1 and every even one on the four first bells1 excepting likewise those two changes which are made according to the forementioned rule4 ,the ,checkquer4 #a and #e4 #bacedcabed #bcadeacebd #cbdaeaecdb #cdbeaeadcb #dcebaedabc #decabdebac #edacbdbeca #eadbcbdcea #aedcbdbcae #adebcbdace #daecbdbaec #deabcbdeac #edbacbedca #ebdcaebcda #becdaecbad #bceadceabd #cbaedcaedb #cabdeacdeb #acbedcadbe #acbdeacdbe c4 ,in this peal the ,treble is whole-hunt1 and ,tenor the half-hunt for twenty changes2 and then ,tenor the whole-hunt and treble the half-hunt for the next twenty1 and so they hunt by turns throughout the peal4 ,when ,treble is the whole-hunt the bells behind always dodg1 except it hinders them2 and when ,tenor is the whole-hunt1 the bells before1 except that hinders them2 when ,treble is before and ,tenor dodging behind1 a single made by the ,tenor and the bell which dodged with it2 when ,tenor is behind and ,treble dodging before1 a single made by the ,treble and the bell which dodgeth with that4 #bacedabedc #bcadebadec #cbdaebdace #cdbeadbcae #dcebadcbea #decabcdeba #edacbcedab #eadbcecadb #aedcbceabd #adebcecbad #daecbcebda #deabcecdba #edbacedcab #ebdcadeacb #becdadaebc #ebcadadecb #beacdaedbc #baedceabdc #abecdaebcd #baecdaebdc c4 ,this peal may be rang by hunting the ,treble and ,tenor as before1 and it differeth from it only in this2 when it is #a----e behind in the hunting of the ,treble1 the bells before dodg till ,tenor parts them2 and when it is #a----e before1 in the hunting of the ,tenor the bells behind dodg till ,treble parts them3 and then when ,treble is the whole-hunt and ,tenor half1 it is plain ,cambridg delight inverted4 ,it may be rang by hunting the half-hunt1 as in ,cambridg ,delight the other way1 in either of those ways of ringing it1 but then the single is always made by the hunting bell4 ,an example in that like ,cambridg ,delight the other way4 ,gogmagog4 #a4 #e4 #bacedcdeababedc #bcadedcaebbaecd #cbdaedacbebeadc #cdbeaadcebebdac #dceba----------edbca #decabadcbedecba #edacbdacebdceab #eadbcdcabecdaeb #aebdccdbaecadbe #abecdcbdeaacdeb #baedcbceda---------- #beacdbecadacdbe #ebcadebacdcadeb #ecbdaeabdccdabe #cedbaaebcd;c4 ,in this peal the bells hunt as in ,grandsire1 and it differeth from it in this1 ,that there is not every other time a single bob1 but in stead of a single one every other time a double one3 so that only once in four times there is a single bob2 when ,tenor is dodging behind there is always a single made by it1 and the bell which dodgeth with it if ,treble leadeth1 otherwise not4 #a----d4 ,this peal may be rung like ,cambridg ,delight1 if every other time the dodging before be omitted2 or it may be rang by dodging constantly as in ,cambridg ,delight1 by making double bobs and single bobs as in ,grandsire3 it may likewise be rang by making the course of the half-hunt in all the ways of ringing it the same with ,cambridg delight the other way2 observing in all of them to make the singles as before directed4 ,an example of that like ,cambridg ,delight the other way1 in which the dodging before is every other time omitted4 #a----d4 #bacedadebcabecdcdaebbecad #bcadedaecb----------cadbeebacd #cbdaedeabcabedcacdebeabdc #cdbeaedbacbaecdadcbeaebcd #dcebaebdcabeadcdaceb---------- #decabbecdaebdacdcabeaebdc #edacbebcadedbcacdbaeeabcd #eadbcbeacddecbacbdeaebadc #aedcbbaedcdceabbceda ,cambridg ,marigold4 #a4 #b4 and #c4 #badcefcabefdafedcb #bdaecfcbafedafdebc #dbeacfbcfaed------------ #debcafbfceadadfbec #decbfabfecdaadbfce #edbcfafbceda------------ #edcbaffbecadabdcfe #ecdabffebacdabdfce #ceadbfefabcd;c4 #caebdfeafcbd #acbedfaecfbd #acebfdaefcdb ,in this peal are #gbj changes1 which are all doubles except #ab singles which are made as in ,plain trebles and doubles4 ,treble is a perfect ,hunt1 and except the dodges 7which are the same as in ,oxford double ,bob7 every double change is made by the treble and the three next bells to it3 observing always that the bell in ,tenor's place lieth still 'till it giveth place to the ,treble1 or be removed by a dodg behind when the ,treble is before4 ,when ,treble leaveth #c;ds place hunting up1 the bell that then comes before1 leads thrice1 and likewise the next bell after it till ,treble cometh back into #c;ds place again2 at all other times every bell leads twice4 ,the bell in ,tenor's place lieth five times behind1 7and when the single is made in the middle ten times7 till treble remove it2 and when treble comes back it lieth five times more behind1 and then is displaced by a dodg behind and hunts down at whole-pulls4 ,this peal may be rang by making bobs single and double as in ,grandsire ,bob with but two singles or two trebles1 which must be made just ,eighteen score changes one from the other4 ,the ,nightingall4 #a4 #b4 and #c4 ,in this peal are #gbj changes1 which are all doubles except twelve singles1 which are made as in the former peal2 and if you ring ,grandsire ,bob upon it1 there may be but two singles1 or else two trebles1 as in the ,marigold4 ,treble is a perfect ,hunt3 the bells in #dth and #eth places dodg till treble parts them1 and then the two foremost bells do the like for eight changes together till treble hinders them1 and gives way to the other two bells to dodg again in the #dth and #eth places1 which is always for three changes and no more1 except when the single is made in that place1 and then they dodg six times4 ,when treble is behind1 dodg the four first2 when it is before on the four last1 as in ,marigold4 #abcdef #cefbda #bacedf #ecfbad #bcadef #cefabd #cbdaef #ecafbd #bcdeaf #eacbfd #cbdefa #aecfbd #bcedfa #aefcdb #cbedaf ------------ #bceadf #afedcb #cbaedf #afdebc #cabdef ------------ #acbedf #adfbec #acebfd #adbfce #caefbd ------------ #ceabfd #abdcfe #ecbafd sing4 #cebfad #abdfce #ecbfda ------------ 99 99 99 99 99 ,,finis4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcriber',s ,,notes ,page ,changed from ,changed to #ad #aefdcfdafj #agddcfdafj #ad #bieedbijgbj #bifedaijgbj #ad #bddfadd #bdifadd #ad #iigbhjgihaibjj #iifchjhjhaibjj #ad #adjbfdehbdbgfcbj #adjbeefajeabecbj #ae #efajehcbi #efajbbddb #ae #adjefdehb #adjbeefaj4e #ah one ,load1 consistng of five one ,load1 consisting of five hundred hundred #ah rate of thrteen shillings and rate of thirteen shillings and four pence the four pence the #ba ,i have therefoae penn'd the ,i have therefore penn'd the following ,treatise following ,treatise #cd cannot soon attain1 are cannot soon attain1 are therefore much puzled therefore much puzzled #dg which we will imagine so be made which we will imagine to be made at the at the #ei #b;d4 #c;d4 #d4 #b;d4 #c;d4 #dth4 #ei #cacd #abdc #bacd #bacd #abdc #bacd #fd course1 threfore an extream course1 therefore an extream #gj #abcdei ------------ a #bacdef #abcdef ------------ a #bacdef #hc #acbeg #aecdb #adebc #acbed #aecdb #adebc #hf the motion of the ,hunt1 7which a the motion of the ,hunt1 7with a little further little further #hh hapens to be single1 it must be happens to be single1 it must be made at the made at the #ig those bels do hunt the contrary those bells do hunt the contrary way1 then the way1 then the #ig of the peal4 ,if the #a or #c;d do of the peal4 ,if the #ast or #c;d do hunt hunt #ih #abcde ---------- #badce #bdace #dbcae #abcde ---------- #badce #bdace #dbcae #cbcea #dbcea #ajj #abcde ---------- #baced #bcaed #cbeac #abcde ---------- #baced #bcaed #cbead #ajb #acbed #bcbde #abced #abcde #acbed #acbde #abced #abcde #ajd single exery time the treble single every time the treble leads4 ,the leads4 ,the #ajf #eadbc #aebdc #abecd #caedc #eadbc #aebdc #abecd #baedc #abj #cabde #bcbed #acebd #cabde #acbed #acebd #aca #edbca #ebdac #ebacd #bdeac #dbaec #edbca #ebdac #bedca #bdeac #dbaec #acb third change at the heginning1 third change at the beginning1 and that six and that six #acc the rest of the changes there the rest of the changes there are made hehind are made behind #acd the #b;d and #c;d places as hefore the #b;d and #c;d places as before #acd he made in the #b;d and #c;d places be made in the #b;d and #c;d places as hefore as before #acg treble is the whole ,the treble is the whole #ach times hehind1 and twice in every times behind1 and twice in every other place4 other place4 #adj making of bobs it will making of bobs it will go #ade next time the whole-hont next time the whole-hunt #adi #aecfbd #acefdb #acefeb ------------ #aecfbd #acefdb ------------ #abedfc bob #abedfc bob #aef #afedcb #aefcdb #eacfcd #ecafdb #afedcb #aefcdb #eacfbd #ecafdb #cefabd #cefabd #aef #afebdc #aefdbc ------------ #acbdie bob #afebdc #aefdbc ------------ #acbdfe bob #afh ',tis plainly demonstrable1 that ',tis plainly demonstrable1 that he ,principle the ,principle #aha peal1 succeding each other in peal1 succeeding each other in the several the several #ahb change2 and with peals of the change2 and with peals of the later1 the #c;d latter1 the #c;d #ahe #dbcfahge #bdcfhaeg #dbfcahfe #dbcfahge #bdcfhaeg #dbfcahge #bdfacheg #dbafhcge #bdfacheg #dbafhcge #ahi four middle hells1 except the four middle bells1 except the bobs which are bobs which are #aib #dbeac #dbeca #debad #debca #edcba #dbeac #dbeca #debac #debca #edcba #aic #debac #deabc #daecb #adebc #adbea #debac #deabc #daecb #adebc #adbec #bje dodg till the whole-hunt dodg till the whole-hunt dindreth them1 till hindreth them1 till #bjf together either hehind or together either behind or before3 for then before3 for then #bab #dbcae #bdaec #dabca #adceb #acdbe #dbcae #bdaec #dabce #adceb #acdbe #bbc #bdeca #bedac #dbadc #eabcd #aecbd #bdeca #bedac #ebadc #eabcd #aecbd #bbc #cabde #acdbe #fcbde #cadbe #cdaeb #cabde #acdbe #acbde #cadbe #cdaeb #bbe #beadc #ebdac #edaca #decba #dceab #beadc #ebdac #edbca #decba #dceab #bbe as the singles in ,gransire4 ,it as the singles in ,grandsire4 ,it may be rang like may be rang like #bbi #edbca #decba #dceba #cdaeb #cadbe #edbca #decba #dceab #cdaeb #cadbe #bbi ------------ #adfbec #adbfde ------------ ------------ #adfbec #adbfce ------------ #a4 ,corrected the ,errata faults4 #b4 ,typos fixed2 non-standard spelling and dialect retained4 #c4 ,enclosed underlined numbers in underscores4 #d4 ,enclosed italics font for alphabetic letters in underscores4