,,robert ,,boyle ,illustration3 ,,the ,,honourable ,,robert ,,boyle ,from a painting by ,kerseboom1 in the rooms of the ,royal ,society4 ,,robert ,,boyle ,a ,,biography ,,by ,,flora ,,masson ,,london ,,constable ,,company ,,ltd4 #aiad ,,richard ,,clay ,,sons1 ,,limited1 ,,brunswick ,,street1 ,,stamford ,,street1 ,s4,e41 ,,and ,,bungay1 ,,suffolk4 ,,acknowledgments ,for permission to quote from the ,lismore ,papers 7as edited by ,grosart1 #aj vols471 ,i have to acknowledge my indebtedness to the ,duke of ,devonshire4 ,i have also to thank ,lady ,verney for allowing me to quote from the ,verney ,memoirs1 and ,sir ,william ,ramsay for permission to quote from his ,presidential ,address delivered to the ,british ,association for the ,advancement of ,science1 ,portsmouth #aiaa4 ,to the kindness of ,sir ,archibald ,geikie ,i owe the permission to reproduce the portrait of ,robert ,boyle in possession of the ,royal ,society of ,london4 ,i remember with special gratitude the kind counsel given me1 in the last months of his life1 by the late ,professor ,edward ,dowden4 ,my thanks are due1 for advice and help1 to ,miss ,elizabeth ,dowden1 ,mr4 ,richard ,bagwell1 ,mr4 ,irvine ,masson1 ,mrs4 ,millar1 ,mrs4 ,townshend1 and ,mr4 ,james ,penrose4 ,i gratefully acknowledge the unfailing courtesy and helpfulness of the ,librarians of the ,edinburgh ,public ,library1 the ,signet ,library1 the ,university ,library1 and the ,library of the ,royal ,society of ,edinburgh4 ,,flora ,,masson4 ,edinburgh1 ,march #aiad4 ,,contents ,,chap4 ,,page ,i ,,his ,,birth ,,and ,,family #a ,,ii ,,an ,,irish ,,childhood #ae ,,iii ,,schooldays ,,at ,,eton #cd ,,iv ,,the ,,manor ,,of ,,stalbridge #ee ,v ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,the ,,savoy #gj ,,vi ,,robyn ,,goes ,,abroad #he ,,vii ,,the ,,debacle #ii ,,viii ,,in ,,england ,,again #abb ,,ix ,,the ,,deare ,,squire #adj ,x ,a ,,kind ,,of ,,elysium #aei ,,xi ,,hermetic ,,thoughts #agj ,,xii ,,oxford3 ,a ,,learned ,,junto #ahi ,,xiii ,,politics ,,and ,,philosophy #bjf ,,xiv ,,the ,,restoration ,,and ,,the ,,royal ,,society #bbf ,,xv ,,the ,,plague ,,and ,,the ,,fire #bdf ,,xvi ,a ,,new ,,london #bfg ,,xvii ,,the ,,house ,,in ,,pall ,,mall #bhb ,,index #caa ,,robert ,,boyle ,,chapter ,i ,,his ,,birth ,,and ,,family 8444 ,not needlessly to confound the herald with the historian1 and begin a relation with a pedigree44440--,,robert ,,boyle',s ,philaretus4 8,my wife1 ,god ever be praised1 was about #c of the clock in thafternoon of this day1 the sign in gemini1 libra1 ,safely delivered of her seaventh son at ,lismoor3 ,god bless him1 for his name is ,robert ,boyle40#a ,so runs the entry1 under the date ,january #be1 #afbf 7#g71 in the private diary of the great ,earl of ,cork1 a manuscript preserved at ,lismore to this day4 ,when he wrote those words1 the ,earl was already a man of sixty1 who1 after forty strenuous years1 was nearing the zenith of his great fortunes4 ,the ,countess--his second wife--was twenty years younger3 she had been just seventeen when he married her1 and he a widower of thirty-seven4 ,they had been married three-and-twenty years1 and in those three-and-twenty years1 at one or other of their roughly splendid ,irish homes1 seven daughters and seven sons had been born to them4 ,their earliest home had been the ,college house of ,youghal1 8re-edified0 to suit the ,earl's requirements2 but in these later years they were used to divide their time travelling in state1 with coaches and horses and a mounted retinue1 between ,youghal and the town house in ,dublin and this other house of ,lismore1 already 8one of the noblest seats in the province of ,munster40#b ,and the ,earl was still busy 8re-edifying0 this also1--building stables and coach-houses1 pigeon-houses and slaughter-houses1 storing the fishponds in his park with young carp and tench from ,amsterdam1 and 8compassing0 his orchards and terraced gardens with a huge turreted wall1--when this fourteenth child1 the 8,robyn0 that was to prove the greatest of all his children1 was born at ,lismore4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the story of how ,mr4 ,richard ,boyle became the great ,earl of ,cork is one of the most brilliant romances of the ,british ,peerage4 ,it has been often told1 nowhere more graphically than by the ,earl himself1 in his brief ,true ,remembrances4#c ,so triumphant and so circumstantial1 indeed1 are the ,earl's 8,remembrances10 that many generations of ordinary-minded people have made the mistake of thinking they cannot possibly be true4 ,only of recent years1 since1 in fact1 the ,earl's own letters and the ,earl's own private diary1 kept to within a few days of his death1 have been given to the world under the title of the ,lismore ,papers1 has the cloud of incredulity rolled aside2 and the character of this man stands out to-day in its integrity1 to use his own words1 8as cleer as the son at high noon40#d ,it is the character of a great ,englishman1 one of ,elizabeth's soldier-statesmen and merchant-adventurers3 a man typically ,elizabethan in his virtues and his faults1 though he was to live far into the unhappy reign of ,charles ,i4 ,passionately ,protestant1 passionately ,royalist1 a fine blend of the astute and the ingenuous1 with strong family affections1 splendid ambitions and schemes of statecraft1 he was relentless in his prejudices and enmities1 indomitably self-sufficient1 and with as much vitality in his little finger as may be found in a whole parliamentary ,bench to-day4 ,he raised himself from 8very inconsiderable beginnings0 to be one of the greatest subjects of the realm1 one of the greatest ,englishmen of his day4 ,he had been born at ,canterbury1 the second son of the second son of a country squire--one of the ,boyles of ,herefordshire4 ,his father had migrated into ,kent1 married a daughter of ,robert ,naylor of ,canterbury1 and settled at ,preston1 near ,faversham4 ,here1 when ,richard was ten years old1 his father died1 leaving his widow to bring up her family of two daughters and three sons on a modest income as best she could4 ,mrs4 ,boyle had managed very well4 ,the eldest son1 ,john1 and ,richard1 the second1 were sent to the ,king's ,school1 ,canterbury1 and from there 7,richard with a scholarship7 to ,bennet ,college1 ,cambridge4#e ,john ,boyle duly took ,orders1 while ,richard1 the cleverer younger brother1 went up to ,london to study law4 ,at one-and-twenty he seems to have been settled in chambers in the ,middle ,temple1 clerk to ,sir ,richard ,manwood1 ,chief ,baron of the ,exchequer4 ,at his mother's death 7,roger ,boyle and ,joan ,naylor his wife were buried in ,preston ,parish ,church71 ,richard ,boyle decided that he would never 8raise a fortune0 in the ,middle ,temple1 and must 8travel into foreign kingdoms10 and 8gain learning1 knowledge1 and experience abroad in the world40 ,and the foreign kingdom toward which he turned his strenuous young face was ,ireland3 ,ireland in the reign of ,elizabeth1 in the year of the ,armada4 ,it was five-and-twenty years since the ,irish chieftain ,shan ,o',neil had presented himself at ,elizabeth's ,court1 to be gazed at by peers and ambassadors and bishops as if he were 8some wild animal of the desert40#f ,shan ,o',neil had stalked into the ,queen's presence1 8his saffron mantle sweeping round and round him1 his hair curling on his back and clipped short below the eyes1 which gleamed under it with a grey lustre1 burning fierce and cruel40#g ,and behind him were his bare-headed1 fair-haired ,galloglasse1 clad in their shirts of mail and wolfskins1 with their short1 broad battle-axes in their hands4 ,the chieftain had flung himself upon his face before the ,queen with protestations of loyalty and fair intention2 and all those five-and-twenty years the attitude of ,ireland had been one of submission and protestation1 flanked and backed by wolfskins1 shirts of mail and battle-axes4 ,the ,desmond ,rebellion had been quelled amid horrors4 ,it was still a 8savadge nation0#h this1 to which ,mr4 ,richard ,boyle was setting forth3 an ,ireland of primeval forests and papal churchlands1 of vivid pastures and peel towers and untamed ,erse-speaking tribes4 ,with its ores and timber1 its grasslands and salmon-fishing1 its fine ports1 and1 above all1 its proximity to ,elizabethan ,england1 it was a land teeming with industrial possibilities2 but it bristled and whispered with race-hatred and creed-hatred1 with persecution and conspiracy4 ,this was the ,ireland that was being eagerly peopled and exploited and parcelled out by ,elizabethan ,englishmen4 ,and so1 on ,midsummer ,eve #aehh1 another clever young man arrived in ,dublin4 ,he had twenty-seven pounds and three shillings#i in his possession1 and on his wrist and finger he wore the two 8tokens0 left him by his dead ,kentish mother--the gold bracelet on his wrist1 worth about #aj1 and the diamond ring on his finger1 the 8happy1 lucky and fortunate stone0 that was to stay there till his death1 and be left an heirloom to his son's son and successive generations of the great ,boyle family4 ,the ,earl never forgot the accoutrements and the various suits of clothes with which he started in life when1 at two-and-twenty1 he shut the door of his chambers in the ,middle ,temple behind him3 8,a taffety doublet cut with and upon taffety2 a pair of black velvet breeches laced1 a new ,milan fustian suit1 laced and cut upon taffety1 two cloaks1 competent linen and necessaries1 with my rapier and dagger40 ,and he must have carried letters of introduction also1 which procured the young lawyer employment and influential friends2 for ,mr4 ,richard ,boyle was very soon launched on ,dublin society1 and was on friendly terms with at least two men who hailed from his own county of ,kent1 ,sir ,edward ,moore1 of ,mellifont1 in ,meath1 and ,sir ,anthony ,st4 ,leger1 who was living in ,dublin4 ,it is more than possible that he met also at this time the poet ,spenser2 for ,dublin must have been ,spenser's headquarters since #aehj1 when he came over to ,ireland as ,secretary to the ,lord ,deputy4 ,spenser1 who it is believed had been through all the horrors of the ,desmond ,rebellion1 was1 in #aehh1 after having held various appointments1 leaving ,dublin to take up his bachelor abode at ,kilcolman1 a peel tower abandoned by the ,desmonds and assigned1 with some thousands of acres around it1 to this ,english poet-politician1 already known as the author of the ,shepheard's ,calendar4 ,at ,kilcolman1 in this peel tower in a wild wooded glen among the ,galtee ,hills1 about thirty miles south of ,limerick1 ,sir ,walter ,raleigh came to stay with ,spenser when he too was in ,ireland1 inspecting the vast ,irish estates that had been assigned to him4 ,it was there they read their poems aloud to each other1 and that ,raleigh persuaded ,spenser to go back with him to ,london1 together to offer their poems to the ,queen4 ,during the first year or two1 therefore1 of ,boyle's sojourn in ,ireland1 while he was working his way into the notice of ,englishmen of influence there1 ,spenser was in ,london1 being lionised as the ,poet of ,poets1 the author of the first three books of the ,faerie ,queene4 ,when ,spenser returned to ,ireland with a royal pension as ,clerk to the ,council of the ,province of ,munster1 ,richard ,boyle was already clerk1 or deputy1 to the 8,escheator ,general10 busy adjusting the claims of the ,crown to 8escheated0 ,irish lands and titles--travelling about1 and making enemies of all people who did not get exactly what they wanted out of the ,escheator or the ,escheator's clerk4 ,both ,boyle's sisters had joined him in ,ireland1 and both were soon to marry husbands there2 and somewhere about this time his cousin1 ,elizabeth ,boyle1 daughter of ,james ,boyle1 of the ,greyfriars in ,hereford1 was in ,ireland1 and the poet ,spenser1 back from his ,london visit1 the literary hero of the hour1 met and fell in love with ,boyle's cousin ,elizabeth4 ,she is the lady of the ,amoretti and ,epithalamium2 8my beautifullest bride10 with the 8sunshyny face10 and the 8long1 loose1 yellow locks lyke golden wyre10 whose name the poet-lover was to trace in the yellow ,irish sands1 and of whom he sang so proudly-- 8,tell me1 ye merchants' daughters1 did you see ,so fayre a creature in your town before1 44480 ,they were married in the ,cathedral of ,cork in the summer of #aeid4 ,a few months later1 ,spenser turned his face ,londonwards again1 taking with him presumably his ,english wife1 and certainly the other three books of his ,faerie ,queene4 ,he was to return to ,ireland once again4 ,in #aeie1 a year after ,spenser's marriage to ,elizabeth ,boyle1 ,mr4 ,richard ,boyle married a young ,limerick lady1 ,joan ,apsley1 one of the two daughters and co-heirs of ,mr4 ,william ,apsley1 a member of the ,council of ,munster4 ,joan ,apsley's five hundred a year in ,irish lands1 8so goodly and commodious a soyle10#aj was to be the foundation of ,mr4 ,boyle's fortunes4 ,she left it all to him when she died1 at ,mallow1 8in travail with her first child10 and was buried in ,buttevant ,church with her little stillborn son in her arms4 ,after his wife's death1 ,richard ,boyle1 now a landowner and a man of some importance in ,munster1 had his time full fighting his personal enemies4 ,there were powerful men among them1 and by his own account they 8all joined together1 by their lies1 complaining against me to ,queen ,elizabeth40 ,it was impossible1 they said1 he could have advanced so rapidly by honest means4 ,they accordingly accused him of embezzlement and forgery1 and1 because some of his wife's relations were well-known ,catholics1 they accused him--staunch ,protestant as he was--of acquiring lands with ,spanish gold1 of harbouring priests1 and being himself a papist in disguise4 ,they even accused him of stealing a horse4 ,for a time he was actually kept in a ,dublin prison1 and when by a kind of fluke he found the prison doors opened to him1 and was intending to 8take shipping10 and to 8justify0 himself before the ,queen in ,london1 the ,general ,rebellion of ,munster broke out4 ,in the debacle1 ,mr4 ,richard ,boyle--his wife's lands wasted and his moneys gone--did manage to escape to ,england4 ,and so did the poet ,spenser--,spenser1 marked of the rebels1 the author not only of the ,faerie ,queene1 but of the ,view of the ,present ,state of ,ireland4 ,why did ,spenser ever return to ,ireland to undertake the duties of ,sheriff of ,cork8 ,spenser and his wife and children were at ,kilcolman when the ,rebellion broke out4 ,they fled for their lives2 and the old peel tower of the ,desmonds was burnt to the ground4 ,one of their babies1 ,ben ,jonson told ,drummond of ,hawthornden1 was left behind1 and perished in the flames4 ,spenser was to die in poverty in ,london1 to be buried near to ,chaucer in ,westminster ,abbey1 the poet-mourners flinging their pens into his grave4 ,spenser's wife--,mr4 ,richard ,boyle's cousin--was to live on in ,ireland1 to bring up her children 7her son ,peregrine was the 8,joy of her ,life07 and to marry yet twice again4 ,twice her great kinsman saw his cousin's hand 8given in marriage40 ,she had her compensations in life--but there never was another ,epithalamium4 ,arrived in ,london1 ,mr4 ,richard ,boyle1 through the friendly offices of ,anthony ,bacon1 whom he had known at ,cambridge1 was presented to the new ,lord ,deputy1 the ,earl of ,essex1 then just starting for ,ireland4 ,queen ,elizabeth may have had her reasons for clapping ,mr4 ,boyle so unceremoniously into the gate-house of the ,tower just as he was thinking of going back to his old ,chambers in the ,middle ,temple4 ,it is possible she was waiting for her new ,deputy's reports from ,ireland4 ,in due time ,richard ,boyle was fetched before her1 and he did 8justify0 himself to his ,sovereign4 ,her splendid royal words were burnt in upon his memory to the last day of his life3#aa-- 8,by ,god's death1 these are but inventions against this young man40 ,and again3 8,we find him to be a man fit to be employed by ourselves40 ,boyle was received at ,court1 and when he was sent back to ,ireland it was as ,clerk to the ,council of ,munster1 the very post that ,spenser had held4 ,he bought ,sir ,walter ,raleigh's ship1 the ,pilgrim1 freighted her with victuals and ammunition1 sailed in her1 8by long seas0 to ,carrickfoyle1 and took up his new work under the splendid ,presidentship of ,sir ,george ,carew4 ,his wife's lands were recovered3 8,richard ,boyle of ,galbaly in the ,county of ,limerick1 ,gent410 waited on ,carew through all the siege of ,kinsale1 and was employed by him to carry the news of victory to the ,queen in ,london4 ,there he was the guest of ,sir ,robert ,cecil1 8then principal secretary10 in his house in the ,strand1 and was taken by ,cecil next morning to ,court1 and into the bedchamber of her ,majesty1 8who remembered me1 calling me by name1 and giving me her hand to kiss40#ab ,quickly back in ,ireland1 ,richard ,boyle became the ,lord ,president's right hand in all his strenuous services to the ,crown3 in later years one of the few literary treasures in the great ,earl's 8studdie0 was the copy of ,carew's ,hibernia ,pacata given him by his ,chief4 ,it was ,carew who sent him in #afjb to ,london1 furnished with letters to ,cecil and to ,sir ,walter ,raleigh1 recommending him as a fit purchaser of the ,raleigh ,estates in ,ireland4 ,the thousands of acres in the counties of ,cork and ,waterford known as the 8,raleigh-,desmond ,estates0 were then and there1 in ,london1 bought from ,sir ,walter ,raleigh 8at a very low rate40 ,in ,richard ,boyle's hands1 the waste lands that to ,raleigh had been a source of anxiety and money loss were to become the best 8settled0 and most prosperous territory in ,ireland1 and a source of wealth and power to him who made them so4 ,for ,richard ,boyle was not only a great landowner1 he was a shrewd man of business1 a capitalist and a large employer of labour4 ,it was1 says ,grosart1 8his perseverance and governing faculty and concentrated energy that transformed bleak mountain and creation-old fallow moor and quaking bog into hives of population and industry40#ac ,sir ,george ,carew went a step further4 ,he 8dealt very nobly and fatherlike0 with ,mr4 ,boyle in recommending him to marry again4 ,and the lady whom ,carew had in view for his protg was ,katharine ,fenton1 the seventeen-year-old daughter of ,sir ,geoffrey ,fenton1 the wise and enlightened ,secretary of ,state4 ,there is a pretty tradition handed down in the ,boyle family--the ,earl's own daughter used to tell it--that ,mr4 ,boyle first met his second wife when he was a very young man newly arrived in ,dublin4 ,calling one day on business at ,sir ,geoffrey ,fenton's house1 and waiting in an ante-room till the great man should be disengaged1 ,mr4 ,boyle had 8entertained himself0 with a pretty child in her nurse's arms2 and when ,sir ,geoffrey at last appeared and apologised for having kept his visitor waiting1 the young man 8pleasantly told him he had been courting a young lady for his wife40 ,this must have been in #aehh4 ,the marriage took place fifteen years later1 and a great deal had happened in the interval4 ,joan ,apsley and her baby were buried in ,buttevant ,church1 and 8,richard ,boyle of ,galbaly in the ,county of ,limerick1 ,gent40 had purchased the vast ,raleigh ,estates4 ,in ,july #afjc he was a wealthy widower of thirty-seven1 and ,katharine ,fenton was seventeen4 8,i never demanded any marriage portion with her1 neither promise of any1 it not being in my consideration2 yet her father1 after my marriage1 gave me one thousand pounds#ad in gold with her4 ,but this gift of his daughter to me ,i must ever thankfully acknowledge as the crown of all my blessings2 for she was a most religious1 virtuous1 loving1 and obedient wife to me all the days of her life1 and the mother of all my hopeful children40#ae ,elizabeth was dead1 and ,james ,i reigned in her stead4 ,sir ,george ,carew--the new ,lord ,deputy--had conferred a knighthood on ,mr4 ,boyle on his wedding day4 ,two years later he was made ,privy ,councillor for the ,province of ,munster1 and thenceforward there was to be no stop nor hitch in the upbuilding of his great fortunes4 ,in #afab1 after another visit to ,london and an audience of ,king ,james1 he found himself ,privy ,councillor of ,state for the ,kingdom of ,ireland4 ,he was created ,lord ,boyle1 ,baron of ,youghal1 in #afaf1 and ,viscount of ,dungarvan and ,earl of ,cork in #afbj4 ,his home life had run parallel with his public services4 8,my ,howses10 8,my deare ,wife10 8the ,children10 8my ,famullye10 fill an important place in the ,earl's life and diary and letters2 while the wife's few little epistolary efforts to her husband have only one beginning3 he was to her always 8,my owne goode ,selfe40 ,robert ,boyle speaks of his mother's 8free and noble spirit0--which1 he adds1 8had a handsome mansion to reside in0--and of her 8kindness and sweet carriage to her own40#af ,the hopeful children came quickly4 ,roger1 the first1 born at ,youghal in #afjf1 was sent at seven years old to ,england1 at first to his uncle ,john1 then ,dr4 ,john ,boyle1 a prebendary of ,lichfield1 and a year later to his mother's relatives1 the ,brownes1 of ,sayes ,court1 ,deptford4 ,there was an excellent day-school at ,deptford1 to which ,roger ,boyle was sent2 and a rather pathetic little figure he must have cut1 going to and from school1 with 8shining morning face0 in his baize gown trimmed with fur4#ag ,on high days and holidays he wore an ash-coloured satin doublet and cloak1 trimmed with squirrel fur1 and a ruff round his little neck2 and his baby sword was scarfed in green4 ,mrs4 ,townshend1 in her ,life of the ,great ,earl1 points out that the child wore out five pairs of shoes in a year1 and that his book of ,french verbs cost sixpence4 ,he was to die at ,deptford1 after a very short illness1 when he was only nine years old4 ,the ,brownes were terribly distressed1 and did everything they could4 ,mrs4 ,browne moved him into her own chamber1 and nursed him in motherly fashion4 ,his ,uncle ,john was sent for1 and sat by the little fellow's bed till he died4 ,the physician and apothecary came from ,london by boat and administered a 8cordial powder of unicornes' horns10 and other weird 8phisicks40 8,little ,hodge0 was very patient1 and said his prayers of his own accord2 and after he was dead ,mrs4 ,browne found that in his little purse1 which he called his 8stock0 7he must have been very like his father in some ways71 there was still more than forty shillings unspent4 ,all these details1 and many more1 were sent in letters to the parents at ,youghal1 and to the grandparents1 ,sir ,geoffrey and ,lady ,fenton1 in ,dublin1 after 8my jewel ,hodge10 as the grandfather used to call him1 was buried in ,deptford ,parish ,church4 ,there were by this time four daughters1 born in succession3 ,alice1 ,sarah1 ,lettice1 and ,joan2 a second son1 ,richard1 born at ,youghal in #afab2 and a fifth daughter1 ,katharine1 who was a baby in arms when 8little ,hodge0 died4 ,a few months after his death came ,geoffrey2 and then ,dorothy in #afag1 and ,lewis two years later4 ,another boy was born in #afba and christened ,roger2 ,francis and ,mary followed in #afbc and #afbd2 and then came the fourteenth child1 8my seaventh son01 and the ,earl made that memorable entry in his diary at ,lismore3 8,god bless him1 for his name is ,robert ,boyle40 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,an ,,irish ,,childhood 8,he would ever reckon it amongst the chief misfortunes of his life that he did never know her that gave it him40--,,robert ,,boyle',s ,philaretus4 ,a fortnight later1 there was a christening in the private chapel at ,lismore4 ,the ,earl's chaplain and cousin1 ,mr4 ,robert ,naylor1 officiated1 and a large house-party gathered for the event4 ,lady ,castlehaven1 who was to be the child's godmother1 arrived with her family and retinue just in time1 and the godfathers were ,lord ,digby and ,sir ,francis ,slingsby4 ,lord ,digby was living in the house as a newly made son-in-law1 and the boy was to be named ,robert after him4 ,the ,earl's large family of 8hopeful children0 were already growing up and scattering when this fourteenth baby made its appearance among them4 ,alice1 the eldest daughter1 at nineteen1 had been for some years the wife of young ,david ,barry1 the 8,barrymore0 who had been brought up in the family almost like one of the ,earl's sons4 ,sarah1 the second1 at a tender age1 had been transferred to the care of the ,earl's old friend1 ,lady ,moore1 at ,mellifont1 and was married1 on the same day as her sister ,alice1 to ,lady ,moore's son4 ,he died very soon afterwards2 and ,sarah1 at seventeen1 had been a little widow for three years1 living again under her father's roof2 and on the ,christmas ,day before ,robert ,boyle's birth1 ,sarah had been married a second time--to ,robert1 ,lord ,digby1 in her father's chapel at ,lismore4 ,lettice1 the third daughter1 had been intended for ,lady ,castlehaven's son1 but the young man's religious views were 8not conformable02 and she and her sister ,joan were accordingly kept at home1 with a ,london season in view4 8,dick10 the now eldest son and heir1 already 8my ,lord ,dungarvan10 was at home1 being mildly tutored by the ,earl's chaplain1 and living in a boy's paradise of saddle-horses and 8faier goshawks10 with an 8eyrie of falcons0 and occasional 8fatt bucks0 and 8junkettings02 but little ,katharine1 who came next1 had been sent away into ,england to ,lady ,beaumont--at ,coleorton in ,leicestershire--mother of ,sapcott ,beaumont1 the little girl's prospective husband4 ,geoffrey1 who would have been ten years old when ,robert was born1 had died as a baby4 ,tradition says he tumbled into a well in the ,earl's ,walk in ,youghal2 but the ,earl's diary1 in mentioning the death1 makes no reference to the well4 ,dorothy1 now nine years old1 was already destined for ,arthur ,loftus1 ,sir ,adam ,loftus's son2 and in the autumn before ,robert's birth she had been fetched away to be brought up in the ,loftus family at ,rathfarnham4 ,francis and ,mary were quite young children in the nursery2 and now ,robert1 the fourteenth baby1 as soon as he 8was able without danger to support the incommodities of a remove10 was to be carried away from ,lismore in the arms of his 8,country ,nurse40#ah ,the ,earl1 so ,robert ,boyle says1 had a 8perfect aversion to the habit of bringing up children so nice and tenderly that a hot sun or a good shower of rain as much endangers them as if they were made of butter or of sugar40 ,lady ,cork's opinions do not seem to have been asked2 perhaps1 in those three-and-twenty years1 she had taught herself to think1 if not to feel1 in unison with her 8owne goode selfe40 ,and so ,robert ,boyle1 like his brothers and sisters1 was to be reared during those first months of his life by a foster-mother1 and owing to the movements of his family at this time was to be left with her longer than he would perhaps otherwise have been4 ,he was to be rocked in an ,irish cradle1 or rather nursed1 ,irish fashion1 in a 8pendulous satchell0 instead of a cradle1 with a slit for the baby's head to look out of4#ai ,by slow degrees1 this boy1 born amid all the pomp and seventeenth-century splendour of his father's mansions1 was to be inured to 8a coarse but cleanly diet10 and to what he afterwards so characteristically described as 8the passions of the air40 ,they gave him1 he says1 8so vigorous a complexion0 that #8hardships' were made easy to him by #8custom1' while the delights and conveniences of ease were endeared to him by their #8rarity4' ,happy months of babyhood1 lulled in a cottage mother's arms1 or suspended1 between sleeping and waking1 in that fascinating medium that was to become afterwards his life-study6 ,wise little head of ,robert ,boyle1 looking out of that slit in the 8pendulous satchell10 baby-observer of the firelight1 and the sunlight and the shadows1 enjoying1 without theory1 as he swung in it1 the 8spring of the air06 ,and meantime the baby's family was preparing for a season in ,london4 ,the ,house of ,lismore was still being 8re-edified0 during the months that followed the birth of 8,robyn40 ,the gardens and terraces were being laid out2 the orchard wall was still building4 ,dick1 the eldest son1 and ,arthur ,loftus1 the destined son-in-law1 had been allowed to go to ,dublin for the horse-races1 with allowance for 8wyne and extraordinaryes10 8horse-meat10 8small sums10 and 8idle expenses40 ,the ,earl liked to give presents3 each ,new ,year in his diary is a record of presents given and received2 and while he seems to have kept the laced shirts and nightcaps made for him by his daughters1 he had a habit of handing on the more costly gifts to other people4 ,he was at this time tipping his musicians at ,lismore1 and commissioning his trusty emissary1 ,sir ,john ,leeke1 to buy smock-petticoats for ,lady ,cork and her mother ,lady ,fenton1 who1 since ,sir ,geoffrey's death1 had made her home for the most part with her daughter and her great son-in-law4 ,and the ,earl had given his married daughters a breeding mare apiece--each mare 8with a colt at her feet10 while braces of bucks and saddle-hackneys had been dispersed among various friends4 ,his daughter ,sarah's 7,lady ,digby's7 first child--a great event in the family--was born at ,lismore in ,october2 and towards the end of #afbg1 with the ,london visit in view1 the ,earl dispatched a footman with letters into ,england4 ,early in the spring of #afbh1 ,sarah1 with her lord and baby1 left ,lismore2 in ,april1 ,mary ,boyle was fetched away to be brought up under ,lady ,clayton's charge at ,cork2 ,lady ,fenton also left ,lismore2 and little ,francis was carried off to ,youghal by ,sir ,lawrence ,parson's lady4 ,as the visit to ,england drew nearer1 the ,earl made his last will and testament--in duplicate4 8,thone0 copy was to be locked up in his great iron chest at ,lismore1 which was fitted with three keys1 to be left with three trusted kinsmen1 who were to add to the chest the ,earl's moneys as they accumulated2 and 8thother0 copy was to be carried by the ,earl himself into ,england4 ,on ,april #bast a great cavalcade--the ,earl and his wife1 with their two daughters1 ,lettice and ,joan1 and the rest of their party and retinue--set out for ,youghal1 where on ,may #gth they took shipping 7a captain had been hired to 8wafte them over07 and reached ,london on ,may #afth2--not without adventures1 for they were chased by a ,dunkirker of #cjj tons1 and though the family escaped1 the footmen and horses following in another barque were taken and carried off to sea4 ,that ,london season of #afbh1 when ,charles ,i was the young ,king of ,england6 ,what a busy1 self-important1 gratifying time it was1 and what an amount of feeing and tipping and social engineering was requisite to carry it through6 ,the ,earl was received by the ,duke of ,buckingham and presented to the ,king4 ,he engaged a steward for his household1 and rented my ,lord ,grandison's house in ,channell ,row1 ,westminster4#bj ,in ,june ,lady ,cork and her daughters were presented to the ,queen1 who kissed them all most graciously4 ,mr4 ,perkins1 the ,london tailor1 a very well-known man among the aristocracy as 8the jerkin-maker of ,st4 ,martin's01 was sent for to receive his orders4 ,the ,earl must have had his mind fully occupied and his purse-strings loose2 for there were at least two troublesome lawsuits going on at this time about his ,irish estates and industries1 and he was employing the great ,glanville as his legal adviser4 ,but nothing seems to have interfered with the somewhat stodgy gaieties of that ,london season of #afbh4 ,and in preparation there were purchases of upholstery and table-linen in ,cheapside2 of 8wares0 for the ladies of the family1 in ,lombard ,street2 velvet1 cloth of gold1 and what-not4 ,how different all this from the old-young life in the shabby chambers in the ,middle ,temple1 or the weeks spent in the ,gate-house1 waiting to be called before ,queen ,elizabeth6 ,but the great self-made man had not forgotten the old days4 ,he had always given a helping hand to his own kith and kin3 ,ireland was sprinkled with his 8cozens40 ,his brother ,john1 the poor parson of ,lichfield1 had the good fortune to at least die ,bishop of ,cork4 ,and now1 on this visit to ,london1 the ,earl had no intention of neglecting his 8cozen10 the lawyer ,naylor of ,gray's ,inn1 or his 8cozen0 the vintner ,croone of the ,king's ,head ,tavern in ,fleet ,street4#ba ,the ,earl of ,bedford had offered his house of ,northall for the autumn2 and visits were paid in state1 with coaches and horses1 to the ,bedford family and to the ,earl's old ,chief1 ,carew4 ,carew1 now ,earl of ,totness1 lived at ,nonsuch1 near ,epsom1 the wonderful house of ,henry ,,viii's reign1 set in its park of elms and walnuts1 with its gilded and timbered outside1 ornamented with figures of stucco1 and paintings by ,rubens and ,holbein4#bb ,little wonder1 in the circumstances1 that the ,earl of ,cork's coachmen and footmen all demanded new liveries4 ,in ,august the whole family removed to ,northall1 and later in the year they visited ,lord and ,lady ,digby at ,coleshill in ,warwickshire1 and ,lady ,beaumont at ,coleorton in ,leicestershire4 ,here the match between 8,katy0 and ,sapcott ,beaumont was broken off1 the money arrangements not satisfying the ,earl1 and ,katy was handed over to ,lady ,digby's charge4 ,while the ,cork cavalcade were moving about from one great house to another1 there came the news of the murder of ,buckingham at ,portsmouth2 but this tragic event did not interfere with a visit to ,oxford in ,september4 ,the party that set out from ,coleshill1 on ,september #ast1 included ,lady ,digby1 whose second baby was born inconveniently the day after their arrival in ,oxford1 in the house of ,dr4 ,weston1 ,lady ,cork's uncle1 in ,christchurch4 8,dick0 was now at ,christchurch1 with ,arthur ,loftus and the young ,earl of ,kildare2 and ,lettice and ,joan both met their fates during this visit1 ,lettice marrying1 very soon after1 ,george ,goring1 handsome1 plausible1 dissolute and cold2 while ,joan was promised to the wild young 8,faerie ,earle0 of ,kildare4 ,back in ,london1 after taking ,eton on the way1 the ,earl of ,cork and his wife and daughters made a little pilgrimage4 ,they all rode to 8my ,uncle ,browne's to ,deptford10 and visited little ,roger's grave in ,deptford parish church4 ,they 8viewed0 the monument that the ,earl had set up there1 and for which the 8,tombe-maker0 had sent in his bill4 ,and the ,earl was so pleased with it that he employed the same man to make 8a faier alabaster tombe0 over the grave of his parents1 in the parish church of ,preston in ,kent4 ,as the year drew to a close1 the ,earl's moneys from his furnaces1 forges1 ironworks1 8tobackoe farms0 and what-not1 were added to the great iron chest at ,lismore2 and ,christmas and ,new ,year gifts were showered among his ,english friends4 ,a manuscript ,bible was sent to ,dr4 ,weston for ,christchurch ,library2 8cane-apples0 7variously described as the ,arbutus and the ,espalier apples7 and pickled scallops from ,ireland1 to other friends2 8a rare lyttle book0 to the ,earl of ,arundel1 and usquebaugh to the ,earl of ,suffolk4 ,sir ,edmund ,verney's new butler from ,ireland came in for the ,earl's own scarlet doublet with hose and cloak1 while the ,archbishop of ,canterbury#bc accepted a 8ronlett of usquebaugh0 and a piece of black frieze for a cassock4 ,and then the ,earl made an ominous entry in his diary3 8,i gave ,dr4 ,moor #e and ,dr4 ,gifford #bjs4 for visiting my wife in her sickness02 and 8my wife's phisick0 is an item in the ,earl's accounts4 ,but they spent the early spring at ,langley ,park near ,windsor1 and in ,april were back again in ,channell ,row1 where on ,april #aeth ,lady ,cork's fifteenth child--a little girl--was born4 ,in ,june they removed to ,lord ,warwick's house in ,lincoln's ,inn2 and in ,october #afbi--the baby ,margaret being left behind them with her nurse and maid--they were back in ,ireland again4 ,the return journey had been made with even more pomp and ceremony than the setting forth eighteen months before4 ,for one of the ,king's ships1 the ,ninth ,whelp--one of the fleet of 8,lion ,whelps10 built at ,deptford--was at the last moment put at their disposal to 8wafte them over40 ,lord ,cork distributed presents among the ship's company1 and gave the captain at parting a magnificent pair of fringed and embroidered gloves1 to which ,lady ,cork added a black silk night-cap1 wrought with gold4 ,the men1 horses and luggage1 followed safely in two barques--no ,dunkirker being sighted on the way4 ,before the ,earl left ,ireland1 he and the ,lord ,chancellor#bd had not been on the best of terms4 ,but now1 fresh from the civilisation of the ,metropolis1 and with all the reflected glory of a crossing in the ,ninth ,whelp1 the ,earl1 by the ,king's desire1 made up his quarrel with the ,chancellor4 ,both were sworn ,lords ,justices for the joint government of ,ireland in the absence of a ,deputy2 and both resolved to 8join really in the ,king's ,service0--a resolution which they were1 for a little while1 to keep4 ,meantime1 ,mr4 ,perkins1 8my ,london ,tailor10 had sent over to ,dublin an enormous trunk of magnificent wearing-apparel1 and a very long bill2 and the retiring ,lord ,deputy#be delivered up the ,king's ,sword and government of ,ireland to the ,lord ,chancellor and the ,earl4 ,this was in ,october #afbi4 ,on the #afth of ,february following1 #afcj1 ,lady ,cork died at ,dublin4#bf ,it had 8pleased my mercifull ,god for my manifold syns 444 to translate out of this mortall world to his gloriows kingdome of heaven the sowle of my deerest deer wife44440 ,the baby ,peggie--ten months old--was still in ,england2 and the ex-baby ,robyn1 reared by his country nurse1 was just three years old4 ,had the lady of the 8free and noble spirit10 in those short months spent in ,dublin1 between ,october and ,february1 been able to see ,robyn again--to hold him in her arms a little moment--before she died8 ,for a year or two after ,lady ,cork's death1 the ,earl was very busy with the government of ,ireland and the management of his own family and estates2 and his migrations were for a time to be only from his ,dublin town house to the ,council ,chamber and ,great ,hall of ,dublin ,castle4 ,lady ,cork had been buried with solemn ceremonial in the ,chancel of ,st4 ,patrick's ,church1 in the same tomb with her grandfather the ,lord ,chancellor ,weston and her father ,sir ,geoffrey ,fenton1 ,secretary of ,state4 ,the business connected with 8my deer wive's ffunerals0 occupied the ,earl for some time2 and a splendid black marble monument was in course of erection in the upper end of the chancel of ,st4 ,patrick's4 ,meantime the widower was surrounded by his children2--the ,barrymores and their children1 and ,lady ,digby with her comfortable husband1 while ,lettice ,goring1 with or without ,george ,goring1 was always coming to and fro from ,england4 ,poor ,lady ,lettice ,goring was not a happy woman4 ,she had nearly died of smallpox when she was thirteen1 and perhaps on this account her education had been woefully neglected4 ,there was a certain amount of cleverness in her of a small-natured type2 but she was childless1 delicate1 and discontented1 with a continual 8plaint40 ,her younger sister1 ,katherine1 was of a very different nature4 ,handsome1 intelligent1 and high-spirited1 by far the finest character of all the ,earl's daughters1 ,katherine1 now that her engagement to ,sapcott ,beaumont had been broken off1 was at sixteen quickly affianced and married to ,arthur ,jones1 ,lord ,ranelagh's son1 and carried off to ,athlone ,castle1 a gloomy old ,norman castle in ,roscommon2--with how small a chance of happiness in life she fortunately did not know4 ,the two boys1 ,lewis and ,roger--,lord ,kynalmeaky and ,lord ,broghill--were fetched to ,dublin and entered at ,trinity ,college2 and ,joan was married to the ,earl of ,kildare as soon as that young nobleman returned to ,ireland in company with her brother ,dick4 ,the baby ,peggie was brought from ,england with her nurse and maid2 and sometime in #afca the two youngest boys1 ,francis and ,robert1 were brought home2 and 8my children10 their little black satin doublets1 and 8,mownsier10 their ,french tutor1 began to find a place in the ,earl's diary4 ,it was then1 too1 that the ,earl began to make those settlements1 the first of many1 in various counties1 on 8,robyn01 and that a son of one of the ,earl's own old servants was engaged 8to attend ,robert ,boyle40 ,the minute philosopher1 at five years old1 had his own valet4 ,anxieties and triumphs jostled each other in the ,dublin town house4 ,lady ,fenton did not long survive her daughter1 and a great cavalcade1 headed by the ,earl and his sons and sons-in-law1 rode to her funeral at ,youghal4 ,in ,november #afca the ,earl was made ,high ,treasurer of ,ireland#bg2 that winter1 in leisure hours1 he must have written his ,true ,remembrances1 the manuscript of which was finished and 8commended to posterity0 in ,june #afcb--;just after the ,earl1 the ,lord ,chancellor1 and the young ,earl of ,kildare1 had been given the ,freedom of the ,city of ,dublin4 ,early in that year1 ,dorothy had married ,arthur ,loftus and settled down at ,rathfarnham1 and that same summer ,dick1 8my ,lord ,dungarvan10 in company with ,mr4 ,fry his tutor1 set off on his foreign travels4 ,dungarvan's marriage with the daughter and heiress of ,lord ,clifford was already on the tapis4 ,lord and ,lady ,clifford lived at ,skipton1 in ,yorkshire2 ,dungarvan was to be received in audience by ,king ,charles1 and to take ,yorkshire on his way abroad2 and 8thaffair10 so dear to the ,earl's heart1 was very soon to bring him home again4 ,a husband was to be found for ,peggie1 now that she was three years old2 and the ,lord ,chancellor and the ,lord ,primate were to have long confabulations with the ,earl on this important matter4 ,kynalmeaky was already proving himself an anxious1 brilliant young spendthrift1 and was to be sent to sea in the ,ninth ,whelp to learn 8navigacon0 and 8the mathematiques0 from that same ,captain who wore the fringed gloves and embroidered night-cap4 ,the sons-in-law were a trial4 ,george ,goring was continually borrowing1 ,kildare perpetually losing at dice and cards4 ,he 8battered and abused0 with marrow-bones the ,earl's best silver trenchers1 and then won #e from his father-in-law for 8discovering0 to him the culprit6 ,lord ,barrymore1 after living eighteen months with his wife and all his family under the ,earl's roof1 went back to ,castle ,lyons without so much as saying thank-you4 ,as for the household staff1 the 8servant trouble0 existed then as now4 ,that ,christmas of #afcb one of the ,earl's scullerymen 8did most unfortunately by jesting with his knife run my undercook into the belly whereof he instantly died in my house in ,dublin0--a most unpleasant domestic episode2 and it happened at the very moment when the splendid black marble tomb in ,st ,patrick's had been finished and paid for6 ,but all this was as nothing to the griefs of the next few months2 the premature birth of ,lady ,digby's baby under the ,earl's roof1 the hurried christening before it died1 and the death of the young mother1--that little ,sarah who1 a widow at seventeen1 had been married to ,lord ,digby1 the ,earl's most comfortable son-in-law1 on the ,christmas ,day before ,robyn was born4#bh ,it was a dark summer1 the summer of #afcc1 in the ,dublin town house2 and the ,earl and his children were still in the first days of their mourning1 when ,wentworth1 the new ,lord ,deputy1 arrived in ,dublin3 ,a most cursed man to all ,ireland1 wrote the ,earl in his diary1 and to me in particular4 ,the story of ,wentworth's government of ,ireland1 a government 8hardly paralleled in the annals of pro-consulship10#bi has given material for many books2 but through all the chapters there runs the underplot of ,wentworth's personal relations with the ,earl of ,cork4 ,from the first moment1 on that ,july morning1 #afcc1 when the ,earl--the ,lord ,high ,treasurer--set out in his coach to meet the ,lord ,deputy and his suite 8walking on foot towards the cytty0--a wall of enmity had stood up between these two great men4 ,there is no more human reading than the private diary record of those uneasy years that followed2 and unconsciously1 by mere enumeration of daily incidents1 the ,earl has made his own character and the character of ,wentworth stand out as clearly as if they were both alive and facing each other in a ,parliament of to-day4 ,there is the character of the strenuous old ,elizabethan ,protestant1 with its angles and its softnesses1 the man of sixty-seven1 who for five-and-forty years had been the man on the spot4 ,royalist to the backbone1 he had served in ,ireland three sovereigns in succession4 ,it was the country of his adoption4 ,to a great extent1 he felt he had made it what it was2 and now1 in yielding up the sword and government to ,wentworth1 he was proudly satisfied that ,ireland was being yielded up in 8generall peac and plenty40 ,and there is the character of ,wentworth1 the man who had come--who had been sent--to rule2 the much younger man1 of more recent education and more cultivated tastes1 of a different code of living4 ,but he was as obstinately masterful1 and his energy and insolence were that of manhood's prime4 ,he1 too1 was there to do the ,king's service1 none the less fervently that he had been1 not so long before1 a leader of the popular party in the ,english ,parliament1 and had only recently1 so to speak1 crossed the floor of the ,house4 ,already1 in that dark head of his were schemes and purposes undreamed of in the old ,earl's homely philosophy4 ,they were to be unfolded in those confidential letters to ,laud--great schemes1 known afterwards as his 8policy of ,thorough10 his government of all men by 8,reward and ,punishment40 ,but in the meantime1 with all outward deference and ceremonial1 the ,earl of ,cork hated ,wentworth and his government in advance1 and ,wentworth regarded the ,earl of ,cork with personal dislike1 for he knew him to be the most important man in ,ireland--a man who would not be subservient2 a man in the ,lord ,deputy's path4 ,so the diary tells its own story3 the story of the troublous official life of the ,council ,chamber and of ,wentworth's ,irish ,parliaments2 the story of ,wentworth's sharp pursuit of the ,earl's titles to his ,irish lands2 and the story of the private life in the ,earl's ,dublin house1 with its social duties and family anxieties4 ,wentworth had married his third wife privately1 in ,england1 a year after the death of his second wife1 and not long before his departure for ,ireland4 ,she had been sent over to ,dublin six months before him1 to live rather mysteriously in ,dublin ,castle1 under her own unmarried name--as 8,mistress ,rhodes40 ,but immediately on ,wentworth's arrival1 her identity was revealed3 the ,lords ,justices were duly presented to the ,lord ,deputy's lady1 and permitted to salute her with a kiss4 ,and the diary records kind visits1 and return visits1 between the ,castle and the ,earl of ,cork's ,dublin town house2 little card-parties at the ,castle1 when the ,chancellor and the ,treasurer both lost sums of money to the ,lord ,deputy2 games of 8,mawe10#cj also for money1 and private theatricals acted by the ,lord ,deputy's gentlemen4 ,the old ,earl sat through a tragedy1 on one occasion1 which he found 8tragicall0 indeed1 because there was no time to have any supper4 ,and then1 but six months after ,wentworth's arrival1 there came the first hint of the trouble about ,lady ,cork's black marble tomb in ,st ,patrick's4 ,mr4 ,bagwell has pointed out#ca how1 to the old ,elizabethan1 whose 8,protestantism was not of the ,laudian type10 there was nothing amiss in the fact of a ,communion-table standing detached in the middle of the ,church4 ,the ,earl1 in erecting his monument1 had indeed improved the ,chancel of ,st4 ,patrick's1 which had been earthen-floored1 and often in wet weather 8overflown40 ,he had raised it1 with three stone steps and a pavement of hewn stones1 8whereon10 the ,earl wrote to ,laud1 8the communion-table now stands very dry and gracefully40 ,laud himself had found it hard to interfere1 in the face of general opinion supported by two ,archbishops4#cb ,but ,wentworth was obdurate1 and the ,king himself was appealed to4 ,it was considered a scandal that the ,cork tomb should remain 8sett in the place where the high altar anciently stood40#cc ,in the end1 the great black marble monument was taken down1 stone by stone2 and in ,march #afce ,wentworth was able to write to ,laud3 8,the ,earl of ,cork's tomb is now quite removed4 ,how he means to dispose of it ,i know not2 but up it is put in boxes1 as if it were marchpanes or banqueting stuffs1 going down to the christening of my young master in the country40 ,the reference to 8my young master0 is evidently to ,lady ,kildare's baby1 whose birth--and the fact that it was a boy--was the event of the moment in the ,cork household3 indeed1 the old ,earl had a bet on with ,sir ,james ,erskine1 on the subject4 ,in ,november #afce the tomb had been re-erected where it now stands1 in the south side of the ,choir1 and outwardly1 at least1 after a long struggle1 the matter was ended4 ,lord ,cork knew nothing of that sneer in ,wentworth's letter to ,laud about the marchpanes and the banqueting stuffs2 and when ,wentworth arrived at the ,earl's house one evening in ,december #afce--;he was rather fond of dropping in unexpectedly--and joined the ,earl and his family at supper1 the diary records that the ,lord ,deputy 8very nobly and neighbourlyke satt down and took part of my super without any addicon40 ,but between ,july #afcc and that ,december evening of #afce1 many things had happened in the ,cork family4 ,the captain of the ,ninth ,whelp had been obliged to report that ,lewis1 my ,lord ,kynalmeaky1 had run badly into debt at ,bristol4 ,dungarvan had been recalled1 and sent to ,england with his tutor1 about 8thaffair0 of his marriage with ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,clifford4 ,george ,goring had been assisted with money to buy a troop of horse2 and 8our colonel0--and poor ,lettice after him--had sailed for the ,netherlands1 and soon settled at ,the ,hague4 ,little ,peggie1 her prospective jointure and husband provided1 had been put meanwhile1 with ,mary1 under the care of ,sir ,randall and ,lady ,clayton at ,cork2 and ,mr4 ,perkins1 the ,london tailor1 had sent the ,earl his new ,parliament robes of brocaded satin and cloth of gold4 ,dorothy ,loftus's first baby had been born at ,rathfarnham1 and ,katherine ,jones's first baby at ,athlone ,castle4 ,both were girls2 hence1 that wager of the ,earl's that his daughter ,kildare's next baby would be a boy4 ,the ,earl of ,kildare1 with his dice and cards1 had been causing everybody anxiety2 and there was a quarrel about family property going on between the ,digby and ,offaley family and the 8,faerie ,earle40 ,wentworth had interfered1 and in the autumn of #afcd ,kildare1 having taking offence1 had 8stolen privately on shipboard10 leaving his wife and children and a household of about sixty persons 8without means or monies40 ,the delinquent was very soon to come home again2 but late in #afcd the old ,earl had broken up the ,kildare establishment and settled his daughter and her children in his own newly built house at ,maynooth1 riding there with her1 and dining with her 8for the first time in the new parlour01 and sending her two fat oxen 8to begin her housekeeping there40 ,dick1 8my ,lord ,dungarvan10 on the other hand1 had been proving himself a very satisfactory son3 not very clever1 perhaps1 but eminently good-natured and sensible4 ,he had acquitted himself admirably in ,england1 writing comfortable letters to his father1 who was much gratified to hear that his boy had taken part in the ,royal ,masque4 ,it must have been the great ,royal ,masque in ,whitehall1 on ,shrove ,tuesday night1 ,february #ahth1 #afcd3 the ,clum ,britannicum1 which followed on the still greater ,masque of the ,inns of ,court4 ,the words were by the poet ,carew1 the music by ,henry ,lawes1 who had set ,milton's ,comus2 and the scenery was by ,inigo ,jones4 ,the ,king himself and fourteen of his chief nobles were the ,masquers1 and the juvenile parts were taken by ten young lords and noblemen's sons4 ,no wonder that the old ,earl was proud of 8,dick04 ,and ,dungarvan had made such good progress with his wooing that in ,july a pretty little letter1 neatly wax-sealed on floss-silk1 had come to the ,earl of ,cork1 beginning3 8,my ,lord1--,now ,i have the honour to be your daughter40 ,in ,september #afcd the indefatigable ,ninth ,whelp brought ,dungarvan and his bride to ,ireland4 ,the ,earl met them at their landing1 and drove them back in triumph--three coaches full--to his town house in ,dublin4 ,all the available members of the family1 little ,robert ,boyle included1 were gathered to welcome the new sister-in-law4 ,it was a great alliance1 in which ,wentworth himself1 by marriage a kinsman of the ,cliffords1 had lent a hand4 ,for the time being1 it was to draw the ,lord ,deputy into the circle of the ,earl's family1 though the personal relations between the ,deputy and the ,earl were to become even more strained4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,schooldays ,,at ,,eton 8,where the ,provost at that time was ,sir ,henry ,wotton1 a person that was not only a fine gentleman himself1 but very well skilled in the art of making others so40--,,robert ,,boyle',s ,philaretus4 ,in ,december #afcd1 after nearly seven years' absence1 the ,earl of ,cork and his family returned to the ,house of ,lismore4 ,they had not been gathered there1 as a family1 since the ,april of #afbh1 when the ,earl and his wife and daughters set out on their journey to ,london4 ,but ,parliament was adjourned1 and ,dungarvan and his wife were with them1 and everything pointed to their spending ,christmas in their home of homes3 8,and there1 ,god willing1 wee intend10 wrote the ,earl the day before they left ,dublin to ,lady ,clifford at ,skipton ,castle in ,yorkshire--8to keep a merry ,christmas among our neighbors1 and to eate to the noble family of ,skipton in fatt does and ,carps1 and to drinke your healthe in the best wyne wee can gett44440 ,his new daughter-in-law1 he says1 8looks1 and likes ,ireland1 very well40 ,she was every day winning the affection and respect of the 8best sort of people0--her husband's and her father-in-law's most of all4 ,incidentally--for he was treading on delicate ground owing to the family connection between ,wentworth and the ,cliffords--the ,earl mentions that he is being 8sharply persued0 in his ,majesty's ,court of the ,star ,chamber about his titles to the college and lands of ,youghal2 and he is only sorry that 8this attempt0 should be made upon him just at the time of his daughter-in-law's arrival in ,ireland4 ,it is not two hundred miles by rail from ,dublin to ,lismore2 but in those days travelling was slow and difficult2 and the ,cork cavalcade--the family coach and the gay company of horsemen surrounding it--were four days upon the road4 ,robert ,boyle never forgot that eventful journey4#cd ,the ,english daughter-in-law and her attendant lady1 and the old ,earl and all his five sons1 were of the party1 the youngest1 ,robert1 not eight years old4 ,each night they 8lay0 at hospitable houses on the road1 and all went well till1 on the fourth day after passing ,clonmell1 as they were crossing the 8,four ,miles ,water01 their coach was overturned in mid-stream4 ,robyn remembered every detail of the adventure3 how he had been left sitting alone in the coach1 8with only a post-boy10 and how one of his father's gentlemen1 8very well horsed10 recognising the danger1 rode alongside and insisted on carrying the little fellow--very unwilling to leave the apparent safety of the inside of the coach--in his arms over the rapid water2 how the water proved so much swifter and deeper than anybody had imagined that horses and riders were 8violently hurried down the stream10 and the unloaded and empty coach was quickly overturned4 ,the coach horses struggled till they broke their harnesses1 and with difficulty saved themselves by swimming4 ,so much for the memory of a little sensitive eight-year-old4 ,the ,earl's diary record is brief and to the point4 ,his coach was 8overthrown01 his horses were 8in danger of drowning01 but they all1 ,god be praised1 arrived safely at ,lismore1 and the journey had cost him #bd4 ,christmas was kept at ,lismore1 and the last two days of the old year at ,castle ,lyons1 where the ,earl's son-in-law1 ,barrymore1 feasted them most liberally4 ,he could scarcely have done less1 after that eighteen-months' visit to the ,earl's town house in ,dublin4 ,and so this year ended4 ,with the ,new ,year #afce came the ,claytons from ,cork1 bringing ,mary and little ,peggie on a visit to their father4 ,a week or two later the ,earl went back alone to ,dublin for the last session of ,parliament1 leaving ,dungarvan and his wife to keep house at ,lismore2 and the four boys--,kynalmeaky1 ,broghill1 ,frank and little ,robyn--were all left under the charge of their tutor1 ,mr4 ,wilkinson1 who was also the ,earl's chaplain4 ,it was a severe winter3 the very day after the ,earl set out from ,lismore there began to fall at ,clonmell 8the greatest snow that ever any man now living did see in ,ireland40 ,the ,house of ,lismore must have stood1 very white and quiet1 looking down over the precipice into the swirling ,blackwater below it4 ,all about it1 white and silent too1 lay the gardens and orchards1 the fishponds and park lands1 and the wooded wildernesses2 and the mountains beyond were hidden in falling snows4 ,the roads could not have been easy riding between ,clonmell and ,dublin1 but the ,earl and his servants reached ,dublin in safety1 and he sent back by ,dungarvan's man 8two new books of ,logick0 for the versatile ,kynalmeaky's further education4 ,kildare had come back to ,dublin also1 and not too soon2 for he and his young wife were to make up their differences over a little grave4 ,early in ,march their eldest little girl died under the ,earl's roof in ,dublin2 and a few days later ,lady ,kildare's boy was born--the 8young master0 of ,wentworth's vindictive letter to ,laud4 ,but spring was at hand1 and the ,lismore orchards were in blossom4 ,the ,earl was busy buying more lands and manors to be settled on ,robyn1 and writing to his ,english friends about a 8ffrench gent0 to accompany his sons ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill as 8governour0 on their foreign travels4 ,great sheet-winged hawks1 also1 were brought 8to fflye for our sports02 and in ,july ,lord ,clifford and his suite arrived from ,yorkshire on a visit to ,lismore4 ,the ,earl of ,cork was in his element4 ,a great hunting-party had been arranged1 and the huntsmen filled the lodge in the park4 ,dungarvan and his wife--,lord ,clifford's daughter and heiress--the ,barrymores1 and ,katharine and ,arthur ,jones1 were all gathered at ,lismore4 ,lord ,clifford was to see this ,munster home at its very best2 its terraces and rose-gardens aflame with colour1 its orchards heavy with fruit1 its pigeon-houses and watermills and fishponds and the great turreted walls--all the 8re-edifications0 in fact1 that had been the work of years4 ,and the seventeenth-century interior must have been as imposing2 for there was furniture of crimson velvet1 fringed with silver1 and furniture of black and scarlet velvet brocade4 ,the walls were hung with tapestry1 the floors were spread with ,turkey rugs4 ,there were high-backed chairs and low-backed chairs1 and ,indian embroideries1 and 8long cushions0 for the embrasured window-seats4 ,the ,earl's hospitable tables were furnished with fish1 beef1 venison1 and huge all-containing pies--to be washed down by ,bordeaux wine1 usquebagh1 and aqua vit2 and they groaned also beneath their burden of silver2--flagons and trenchers1 8covered salts10 8costerns10 kettles and ladles of silver and silver gilt2 while the 8ewers and basons0 in the bedrooms were of silver1 the great gilded beds hung with scarlet cloth and silver lace and the ceilings of the children's nursery and the ,earl's 8studdie0 were of 8fretwork0--their walls of 8,spanish white04 ,katharine and ,arthur ,jones went back to ,athlone early in ,september4 ,the hunting-party was dispersed1 and the ,house of ,lismore was emptying again4 ,it must have been on one of those autumn days before ,katharine left ,lismore that there happened the little 8foolish0 incident about ,robyn and the plums3 an incident which the elder sister would tell1 long afterwards1 when ,robert ,boyle had made his world-wide reputation1 and she and he were growing old together in the house in ,pall ,mall4#ce ,dungarvan's wife had already made a special pet of ,francis1 who was indeed a lovable and happy-tempered boy4 ,but it was ,robyn who was his sister ,kate's favourite4 ,she seems to have felt a special tenderness for this little fellow with a little independent character of his own1 so different from all his brothers3 a little fellow with a stutter1 attributed by his family to his habit of mimicking some children with whom he had been allowed to play2 a little fellow who was 8studious0 at eight years old1 and so hopelessly and tactlessly truthful that the old ,earl--fond old disciplinarian that he was--had never been able to 8find him in a lie in all his life40 ,and so with the plums4 ,lady ,dungarvan1 in delicate health1 was being petted by all the family2 and ,katharine ,jones had given 8strict orders0 that the fruit of a certain plum tree in the ,lismore garden should be preserved for ,lady ,dungarvan's use4 ,robyn had gone into the garden1 and1 8ignoring the prohibition10 had been eating the plums4 ,and when his sister ,kate taxed him1 8by way of aggravation10 with having eaten 8half a dozen plums10--8,nay1 truly1 sister10 answered he simply to her1 8,i have eaten half a score40#cf ,mr4 ,wilkinson and a certain 8,mownsier0 had between them taught ,robyn to speak some ,french and ,latin and to write a fair hand2 and now that he was in his ninth year1 and ,frank twelve years old1 they were to be sent to ,eton4 ,the ,earl had been in correspondence for some time with his old friend ,sir ,henry ,wotton1 not only about this matter1 but about a 8governour0 who should take ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill abroad4 ,accordingly on ,september #i1 #afce1 a few days after their sister ,katharine and ,arthur ,jones had left ,lismore1 ,francis and ,robert1 with ,carew their personal servant1 under the charge of the ,earl's own confidential servant1 ,mr4 ,thomas ,badnedge1 left ,lismore for ,youghal1 there to embark for ,england1 8to be schooled and bredd at ,eaton40 ,badnedge was to carry the purse1 with #ej in it1 and if he wanted any more was to draw upon ,mr4 ,burlamachy1 the ,lord ,mayor of ,london4 ,and the ,earl gave the boys at parting #c between them3 8the great ,god of ,heaven01 he wrote in his diary1 8bless1 guyde and protect them60 ,it was not till ,september #bd that the little party actually sailed from ,youghal1 for they waited a whole week for a wind1 and then they were 8beat back again0 by a storm4 ,but at last1 8though the ,irish coasts were then sufficiently infested with ,turkish gallies10 they reached ,bristol in safety1 having touched at ,ilfracombe and ,minehead on the way4 ,there was a short stay 8to repose and refresh themselves0 at ,bristol1 and then their journey was 8shaped0 direct for ,eton ,college4 ,it was of course a journey by coach-roads2 and their first sight of ,english scenery was in late ,september4 ,they arrived at ,eton on ,october #b2 and ,mr4 ,badnedge delivered the two boys safely into the charge of ,sir ,henry ,wotton4 ,their 8tuicon0 was to be undertaken by ,mr4 ,john ,harrison1 the 8chief schoolmaster40 ,shortly after their arrival1 ,francis penned a little letter to his father1 the ,earl of 8,korke10 to be carried back to ,ireland by one of their escort4 ,he began on bended knees with hearty prayers1 and went on to say that he had no news to tell except some things he had observed on his travels1 but these he would leave the bearer of his letter to narrate1 8in regard ,i am incited by my school exercise40 ,sir 8,hary ,wutton0 had been very kind to them1 entertaining them the first day of their arrival at his own table4 ,he had also put at their disposal 8a chamber of his owne with a bedd furnished afore our own wilbe furnished40 ,the young lords at ,eton had also been most friendly1 especially the ,earl of ,peterborough's son1 with whom ,frank and ,robyn were1 for the present1 to dine and sup4 ,and there was a postscript to say that ,mr4 ,badnedge had been very kind 8in all our travels10 and had sent them a supply of linen from ,london after their arrival1 for which they were 8much bound to him40 ,a few days later ,mr4 ,john ,harrison1 the 8chief schoolmaster10 also wrote to the ,earl of ,cork1 a letter concise1 dignified1 and satisfactory4 ,he confirmed the arrival at ,eton of the ,earl's two sons1 8whoe1 as they indured their journeye both by sea and land1 beyond what a man would expect from such little ones so1 since their arrival1 the place seemed to be suiting them wonderfully well04 ,he tells the ,earl that 8,mr4 ,provost0 had been so kind as to put the boys under his care1 and lets the ,earl know1 in parenthesis1 that he1 ,john ,harrison1 is at present the 8,rector0 of the school3 8,i will carefully see them supplyed with such things as their occasions in the colledge shall require1 and endeavour to sett them forward in learninge the best ,i can40 ,but it was from ,carew1#cg the boys' personal servant1 that the ,earl was to hear all about everything4 ,carew's first letter touched lightly on the 8long and tedious navigation and great travels by land10 and went straight to the subject of subjects--8my two young masters40 ,they had been there only a few days1 but they were 8very well beloved for their civill and transparent carriage towards all sorts1 and specially my sweet ,mr4 ,robert1 who gained the love of all40 ,sir ,henry ,wotton had been 8much taken with him for his discourse of ,ireland and of his travails1 and he admired that he would observe or take notice of those things that he discoursed off40 ,then followed an account of ,sir ,henry ,wotton's kind reception of the boys1 and the lending of his furnished chamber till their own should be ready3 8,we injoy it yett10 says ,carew1 8which is a great favor40 ,the boys had dined several times already with ,sir ,henry ,wotton4 ,they were very 8jocond01 although they showed a 8studious desire01 and they had 8very carefull and reverend masters40 ,there is just a hint of home-sickness1 a longing for the sight of the old ,earl and the brothers and sisters and the roughly splendid ,irish life2 but ,carew quickly goes on to tell the 8,order of the ,colledge10 especially 8touching my young masters' essence40 ,the boys dine in hall1 with the rest of the boarders2#ch and the ,earl of ,northampton's four sons1 and the two sons of the ,earl of ,peterborough1 with other 8,knights' sons0 are at the same table4 8,they sitt permiscously--noe observing of place or qualitie02 and at night they supped in their own rooms1 ,mr4 ,francis and ,mr4 ,robert supping with the ,earl of ,peterborough's sons1 providing1 of course1 their own commons4 ,carew mentions the 8fasting nights0 and the fact that the ,college allows no meat to be cooked on ,fridays or ,saturdays2 and he hints that the ,college commissariat requires a good deal of supplementing4 ,master ,robert is too busy with his lessons to write a letter1 but sends his love and duty3 8,they are upp every morning at half an hour afore #f1 and soe to scoole to prayers40 ,sir ,henry ,wotton1 the ,provost of ,eton#ci of that day1 was nearing the end of his eventful1 chequered life when ,robert ,boyle1 not yet nine years old1 came under his care4 ,he was indeed a contemporary of the old ,earl1 and a ,kentish man as well--one of a fine old ,kentish stock2 but no two men could have been more unlike4 ,he had taken his ,b4,a4 at ,oxford1 and with a slender purse set out on his seven years' wanderings in ,european cities1 the very same year in which ,mr4 ,richard ,boyle had turned the lucky ring on his finger and landed on ,irish shores4 ,but that had been forty-seven years before--back in the mists2 and the years between those youthful wanderings and this pleasant old age in the ,provost's lodging at ,eton had been years of risky secret missions and ill-paid political intrigue4 ,he had been private secretary to ,essex in ,london1 private correspondent abroad1 ,ambassador at ,venice4 ,in those years1 many a fine intellect with big ambitions had gone under4 ,sir ,henry had come off better than many1 in spite of his slender means and an undeniable weakness for libraries and laboratories and picture galleries in the intervals of diplomacy4 ,it was he who had been sent by the ,duke of ,tuscany on the secret mission to ,edinburgh to tell ,james ,,vi that he was going to be poisoned1 and to carry with him the little packet of ,italian antidotes1 not known at that time in the ,scottish pharmacopia4 ,he had stayed three months with the ,scottish ,king2 and no wonder that when ,james ascended the throne of ,england ,sir ,henry ,wotton was one of the men then in ,london whom the ,king desired to see4 ,he was a favourite at ,court2 and his lifelong homage to the ,princess ,elizabeth1 the unhappy ,queen of ,bohemia1 is well known4#dj ,he had risen to great things1 and might have risen to greater still if it had not been for one brilliant ,latin epigram written in an album4 ,even ,king ,james1 with pleasant memories of a packet of antidotes and a most delightful guest in ,stirling ,castle1 found it hard to forgive the ,latin epigram--8a merriment10 poor ,wotton had called it--written in an album in an indiscreet moment many years before1 and officiously forwarded from ,augsburg to the ,court of ,london3 8,an ,ambassador is an honest man sent to lie abroad for the good of his country40 ,it is said to have ruined ,sir ,henry ,wotton's diplomatic chances2 and when1 after some other missions1 he came home in #afbd1 it was as a penniless man still1 with plans of literary work and a sufficient stock of memories grave and gay4 ,he had consorted with princes and statesmen1 with artists1 men of science1 and men of letters4 ,he had worked for ,essex and known ,raleigh1 and ,francis ,bacon was his cousin4 ,among his friends abroad he had counted ,beza1 ,casaubon1 ,arminius and ,kepler4 ,he had watched ,kepler at work in his laboratory1 and he had supplied ,bacon with facts4 ,and when ,bacon sent him three copies of his ,novum ,organum when it first appeared1 ,sir ,henry sent one of the copies to ,kepler4 ,when ,thomas ,murray died1 and ,sir ,henry ,wotton was selected1 out of many candidates1 for the ,provostship of ,eton1 he was so poor that he was obliged to borrow money to enable him to settle down there4 ,king ,james would have granted him a dispensation1 but he preferred to conform to the rule that the ,provost of ,eton must be a man in ,holy ,orders4 ,he had been duly ordained deacon1 and1 being a man of liberal views1 had steered 8a middle way between ,calvinism and ,arminianism40#da ,when the two young sons of the ,earl of ,cork arrived at ,eton1 ,sir ,henry ,wotton had been ,provost for ten years1 and ,eton could scarcely imagine itself without him4 ,with a royal pension in addition to his ,provostship1 and assisted by a strong staff of ,fellows of the ,college--the learned ,hales1 ,john ,harrison and the rest--he was taking life easily1 in the evening of his days1 among his books and curios1 his ,italian pictures1 and those manuscripts--biographies of ,donne and ,luther1 and the ,history of ,england1--which he always meant to finish and never did4 ,he was not quite so active as when he had first come among them with his new views of teaching1 and had put up the picture of ,venice1 where he had lived so long as ,ambassador1 and had hung on the wooden pillars of the lower schools his 8choicely drawn0 portraits of ,greek and ,latin orators and poets and historians1 for the little ,eton boys to gaze at with round ,english eyes2 but his familiar figure was still a daily presence1 coming and going amongst them in his furred and embroidered gown1 8dropping some choyce ,greek or ,latin apophthegm0 for the benefit of the youngsters in class4 ,he was still a 8constant cherisher0 of schoolboyhood1 taking the 8hopeful youths0 into his own especial care1 having them at his own hospitable table1 picking out the plodding boys and the boys of genius1 and himself teaching best in his own memorable talk4 ,he liked to indulge in reminiscences of ,italy--8that delicat ,piece of the ,worlde02 and he sometimes looked wistfully ,londonwards1 though in his gentle1 deprecatory way he spoke of it1 especially in ,november1 as a 8fumie citie40 ,in his last years he nursed hopes that he might succeed to the mastership of the ,savoy2 meantime1 from his ,provost's ,lodging1 he could look across the 8meandering ,thames and sweete meadows10#db to the great pile of ,windsor ,castle in its 8antient magnificence02 and he read and ruminated and smoked--he smoked a little too much1 according to his friend ,izaak ,walton--and counted his 8idle hours not idly spent0 when he could sit quietly fishing with ,izaak ,walton in the river-bend above the shooting fields1 then1 as now1 known as ,black ,pots4 ,when ,robert ,boyle went to ,eton in #afce1 to be an ,eton boy meant not only being 8grounded in learning0 by such men as ,hales and ,harrison1 but being 8schooled and bred0 under the daily influence of this soft1 rich1 delightful personality4 ,the two boys were known in the school as ,boyle ,a and ,boyle ,i3 ,robert was ,boyle ,i4 ,according to ,carew1 they must have grown with astonishing rapidity during their first months at ,eton4 ,mr4 ,francis was not only tall1 but 8very proportionable in his limbs10 and grew daily liker to his brother1 ,lord ,dungarvan4 ,he was not so fond of his books as 8my most honoured and affectionate ,mr4 ,robert1 who was as good at his lessons as boys double his age40 ,an usher1 8a careful man01 was helping them with their lessons1 and ,carew was keeping an eye on the usher4 ,versions and dictamens in ,french and ,latin filled their time1 and ,carew could not persuade them to 8affect the ,irish10 though ,robert seems to have shown a faint1 intermittent interest in that language4#dc ,as for ,mr4 ,robert1 he was 8very fatt1 and very jovial1 and pleasantly merry1 and of ye rarest memory that ,i ever knew4 ,he prefers ,learninge afore all other virtues and pleasures4 ,the ,provost does admire him for his excellent genius40 ,they had acted a play in the ,college1 and ,robert had been among those chosen to take part in it4 8,he came uppon ye stage10 wrote ,carew1 exultant1 to the ,earl of ,cork2 8he had but a mute part1 but for the gesture of his body and the order of his pace1 he did bravely40 ,the little fellow was not yet nine years old1 and his stutter must have made it highly desirable that the part should be 8mute02 but 8,mr4 ,provost0 had already made choice of a 8very sufficient man0 to teach both the boys to play the viol and to sing1 and also to 8helpe my ,master ,robert's defect in pronontiation40 ,carew was afraid the study of music1 which 8elevats the spirits10 might hinder their more serious lessons2 though up to that time the conduct of both boys had been exemplary4 ,they had said their prayers regularly and been equally polite to everybody1 and were very neat in their 8aparelling1 kembing1 and washing40 ,the elder brother had been laid up with 8a cowld that he tooke in the scoole10 which ,carew attributed entirely to the fact that he had outgrown his clothes2 and ,mr4 ,perkins1 the ,london tailor1 had been 8mighty backward0 in sending their new suits4 ,even with a bad cold1 ,frank was his usual pleasant1 merry self2 and when ,mr4 ,provost1 according to his custom1 prescribed 8a little phisique10 the boy drank it cheerfully to the last drop--and 8rejected it immediately after40 ,sir ,henry ,wotton wrote himself to the ,earl1 describing the whole episode with an accuracy of detail worthy of ,kepler's laboratory4 ,meantime1 ,sir ,henry himself had assured the ,earl that the 8spiritay ,robyn's0 voice and pronunciation had been taken in hand by the ,master of the ,choristers4 ,robyn also had caught cold that first winter at ,eton4 ,he had 8taken a conceit against his breakfast1 being alwaies curious of his meat1 and so going fasting to church40 ,but on this occasion1 such was the spiritay ,robyn's popularity1 that the whole ,college seems to have risen in protest against ,mr4 ,provost's prescription of 8a little phisique40 ,and ,robert recovered without it1 and 8continued still increasing in virtues40 ,it is somewhat surprising that the younger brother should have been the favourite1 for it was ,francis ,boyle who had the 8quick1 apprehensive wit10 and whose delight was in hunting and horsemanship2 and it was ,robyn who dissuaded him1 exhorting his elder brother to learning in his youth1 8for10 says he1 8there can be nothing more profitable and honourable40 ,with his 8fayre amiable countenance10 this child of nine1 according to the ebullient ,carew1 was 8wise1 discreet1 learned and devout2 and not such devotion as is accustomed in children1 but withall in ,sincerity he honours ,god and prefers ,him in all his actions40#dd ,it is very certain that the spiritay ,robyn was not fond of games4 ,there is no enthusiasm for active sports in his ,philaretus1 not even of a certain sport that the boys engaged in on winter evenings in the hall1 for which every recent comer was obliged to 8find the candles02 and a very expensive time for candles it was1 according to ,carew4 ,but ,mr4 ,robert learnt to 8play on music and to sing01 and 8to talk ,latin he has very much affected40 ,and it speaks very well for both ,frank and ,robyn that1 their tastes being so unlike1 they remained such excellent friends4 8,never since they arrived10 according to ,carew1 had two ill words passed between them2 which he thought was rare to see1 8specially when the younger exceeds the elder in some qualities40 ,some of the noble brothers in the ,college were continually quarrelling2 but 8the peace of ,god is with my masters40 ,it had been noticed even at the ,fellows' table3 8,never were sweeter and civiller gents seen in the ,colledge than ,mr4 ,boyles40 ,the only thing in which they do not seem to have excelled was in letter-writing4 ,master ,frank could not write to the ,earl because his hand shook2 and ,master ,robyn could not write because he had hurt his thumb4 ,and so winter and spring passed1 and the summer came1 and with it 8breaking-time0 at ,eton4 ,mr4 ,provost1 ,mr4 ,harrison1 and everybody else went away4 ,the two boys1 and ,carew with them1 spent their holidays with their sister ,lettice in ,sussex4 ,it could not have been a cheerful visit1 though ,carew assured the ,earl that there was 8nothing wanting to afford a good and pleasant entertainment if my honourable ,lady had not been visited with her continuall guest1 griefe and melancholy40 ,so extremely melancholy was the ,lady ,lettice ,goring during this visit that it made the two boys 8cry often to looke upon her40 ,and yet they must have made a pretty pair to gladden the eyes of an invalid woman4 ,for ,mr4 ,perkins1 the ,london tailor1 had sent them some fine new clothes--little shirts with laced bands and cuffs1 two scarlet suits without coats1 and two cloth-of-silver doublets4 ,robert ,boyle's own recollections of ,eton were written a good many years after he left it4 ,he always remembered with gratitude the kindness of ,mr4 ,john ,harrison1 in whose house1 in that chamber that was so long in furnishing1 the two boys lived--except for some holidays at 8breaking-time10 usually spent in ,sussex--from ,october #afce to ,november #afch4 ,from the very beginning ,john ,harrison must have recognised that in 8,boyle ,i0 he had no ordinary boy to deal with4 ,he saw a 8spiritay0 little fellow1 with a fair1 amiable countenance1 a slight stammer1 which the child did his best to amend1 and the unstudied civilities of manner of a little prince4 ,according to ,boyle himself1 ,mr4 ,harrison saw 8some aptness and much willingness0 in him to learn2 and this chief schoolmaster resolved to teach his pupil by 8all the gentlest ways of encouragement40 ,he began by often dispensing with his attendance at school in ordinary school hours1 and taking the trouble to teach him 8privately and familiarly in his own chamber40 8,he would often1 as it were1 cloy him with fruit and sweetmeats1 and those little dainties that age is greedy of1 that by preventing the want1 he might lessen both his value and desire of them4 ,he would sometimes give him1 unasked1 play-days1 and oft bestow upon him such balls and tops and other implements of idleness as he had taken away from others that had unduly used them4 ,he would sometimes commend others before him to rouse his emulation1 and oftentimes give him commendations before others to engage his endeavours to deserve them4 ,not to be tedious1 he was careful to instruct him in such an affable1 kind1 and gentle way1 that he easily prevailed with him to consider studying not so much as a duty of obedience to his superiors1 but as a way to purchase for himself a most delightsome and invaluable good40#de ,all which means that ,mr4 ,harrison was making a very interesting experiment1 and that his system happened to succeed in the case of ,robert ,boyle4 ,the boy learned his 8scholar's task0 very easily2 and his spare hours were spent so absorbedly over the books he was reading that ,mr4 ,harrison was sometimes obliged to 8force him out to play40 ,and what were the books that were read with such zest8 ,it was1 ,robert ,boyle says1 the accidental perusal of ,quintus ,curtius that first made him in love with 8other than pedantick books02 and in after life he used to assert that he owed more to ,quintus ,curtius than ever ,alexander did3 that he had gained more from the history of ,alexander's conquests than ever ,alexander had done from the conquests themselves4#df ,his other recollections of his ,eton schooldays are for the most part of accidents that happened to him there4 ,he was not so good a horseman as his brother ,frank4 ,once he fell from his horse1 and the animal trod so near to his throat as to make a hole in his neckband1 8which he long after preserved for a remembrance40 ,another time his nag took fright as he was riding through a town1 and reared upright on his hinder feet against a wall2 and the boy just saved himself by slipping off4 ,yet a third time he nearly met his death by a 8potion0 given him 8by an apothecary's error02 and it is interesting1 in the light of what happened and did not happen in ,boyle's later life1 to hear that 8this accident made him long after apprehend more from the physicians than the disease1 and was possibly the occasion that made him afterwards so inquisitively apply himself to the study of physick1 that he might have the less need of them that profess it40#dg ,the fourth and last of this almost ,pauline enumeration of disasters was the falling1 one evening1 of the greater part of the wall of the boys' bedroom in ,mr4 ,harrison's house4 ,the two brothers had gone early to their room2 ,robyn was already tucked into the big four-post bed1 with its 8feather bedd1 boulster1 and two pillows10 and the curtains of 8blew perpetuana with lace and frenge01#dh and ,frank was talking with some other boys round the fire when1 without a moment's warning1 the wall of the room fell in1 the ceiling with it1 carrying bed1 chairs1 books and furniture from the room above4 ,a bigger boy rescued ,frank from the debris and dust1 the chair in which he had been sitting broken to pieces1 and his clothes torn off his back2 and ,robyn1 the future chemist1 peeping from the blew-perpetuana curtains1 remembered to wrap his head in the sheet1 so that it might serve 8as a strainer1 through which none but the purer air could find a passage40 ,it is observable that there is no mention of any of those accidents in the letters to the ,earl of ,cork from either the ,provost or the boys' personal servant1 ,carew4 ,perhaps it was as well that the ,earl1 much harassed at home1 should not be told everything that was happening at ,eton4 ,as it was1 he knew too much4 ,some go-between--,mr4 ,perkins1 the tailor1 or somebody equally officious--must have told the ,earl in what manner ,carew--8poor unmeriting me01 as ,carew called himself in one of his fascinating letters to the ,earl--had been utilising his idle hours by the meandering ,thames4 ,frank and ,robyn1 and ,carew with them1 were spending their holidays with ,lady ,lettice ,goring1 when one morning ,sir ,henry ,wotton1 sitting in his study at ,eton1 received a letter from the ,earl of ,cork4 ,the contents came as a thunderbolt4 8,truly1 my good ,lord10 ,sir ,henry ,wotton wrote back to the ,earl1 8,i was shaken with such an amazement at the first percussion thereof1 that1 till a second perusal1 ,i was doubtfull whether ,i had readd aright40 ,for everybody in the college was so persuaded of young ,mr4 ,carew's discretion and temper and zeal in his charge1 and 8whole carriadge of himself10 that it would be 8harde to stamp us with any new impression40 ,however1 ,mr4 ,provost had somewhat reluctantly put away his pipe and 8bestowed a ,daye in a little ,inquisitiveness40 ,and he had found that the ,earl1 in ,dublin1 was quite right2 that between ,carew and a certain 8yonge ,mayed1 dawghter to our under baker--0 and ,mr4 ,provost could not but own that she was pretty--there had passed certain civil1 not to say amorous1 language4 ,the old ,provost was evidently disposed to look leniently on this particular foolish pair4 ,had he not himself once1 in his youth1 written a little poem which began-- ,o faithless world1 and thy most faithless part ,a woman's heart6 444 ,why was she born to please1 or ,i to trust ,words writ in dust8#di ,however1 ,sir ,henry told the ,earl he was going to talk to ,carew on his return from ,sussex1 and warn him how careful1 in his position1 he ought to be2 and he would write again to the ,earl after seeing ,carew4 ,but1 in the meantime he wished to reserve judgment3 8,for truely theare can not be a more tender attendant about youre sweete children40 ,and after all news travelled slowly4 ,those little love passages were already six months old3 8,tyme enough1 ,i dare swere0--wrote the old diplomatist1 sitting alone in his study1 with his ,titian and his ,bassanos looking down upon him--8to refrigerat more love than was ever betweene them40 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,the ,,manor ,,of ,,stalbridge 8444 ,he would very often steal away from all company1 and spend four or five hours alone in the fields1 and think at random3 making his delighted imagination the busy scene where some romance or other was daily acted40--,,robert ,,boyle',s ,philaretus4 ,after the boys went to ,eton1 the ,earl had very unpleasant things to think about4 ,wentworth was pressing him hard4 ,it is true that the little dinner-parties and card-parties and private theatricals at the ,castle were going on as if there were no ,star ,chamber behind them4 ,in ,january #afcf the ,lord ,deputy was inviting himself to supper at the ,earl's ,dublin house1 and bringing ,lady ,wentworth with him4 ,lady ,dungarvan's baby was born in ,march1 a 8ffair daughter01 to be christened ,frances1 and to figure in the old ,earl's diary as 8lyttle ffranck02 and the ,lord ,deputy himself stood sponsor1 though he had just lost his own little son1 and the ,dungarvan christening had been postponed till the ,wentworth baby had been buried4 ,but the ,lord ,deputy's 8sharp pursuit0 of men was going on all the same4 ,in ,february1 before the death of ,wentworth's child and the ,dungarvan christening1 ,lord ,mountmorris had been degraded from the office of ,vice-,treasurer1 8tried by a ,commission and sentenced to be shot1 for no other crime than a sneer0 against ,wentworth's government4#ej ,the sentence was not to be carried out2 but it became every day more evident that 8whatever man of whatever rank0 opposed ,wentworth1 or even spoke disrespectfully of his policy1 8that man he pursued to punishment like a sleuth-hound04#ea ,at the beginning of that year1 the ,earl of ,cork had made his 8,great ,conveighance10 by which he entailed all his lands upon his five sons4 ,wentworth had taken exception to the conveyance of some of these lands to the ,earl's eldest son1 ,lord ,dungarvan2 and in ,february a 8sharp and large discourse0 had taken place between the ,lord ,deputy and the ,earl4 ,in ,april the ,star ,chamber ,bill against the ,earl1 dealing with his titles to the churchlands of ,youghal1 was still under discussion2 and ,wentworth was now pressing for the payment of money1 by way of ransom1 which was at first to be #cj1jjj1 but was afterwards reduced to #ae1jjj4 ,the ,earl was still asserting his right to his lands1 and unwilling to compound--no-one had ever heard the ,earl of ,cork1 he said1 8enclyned to offer anything40 ,things were at this pass when at the end of ,april ,lady ,dungarvan1 six weeks after her baby's birth1 fell sick2 and the next day1 8the smallpockes brake owt uppon her40 ,on that very day1 under pressure from his friends and from his son ,dungarvan1 who went down on his knees before his father1 the ,earl of ,cork gave way4 ,very unwillingly1 on ,may #b1 he agreed to pay the #ae1jjj 8for the ,king's use10 and for his own 8redemption out of ,court0--though his 8,innocencie and ,intigritie0 he declared1 writing in his own private diary1 were 8as cleer as the son at high noon40 ,the old ,royalist1 even then1 believed that if his ,king only knew how undeservedly the mighty fine had him imposed1 8he would not accept a penny of it40 ,the ,earl was hard hit1 though his great ,conveyance was at last signed and sealed1 and he could talk of drinking a cup of sack 8to wash away the care of a big debt40#eb ,it is comforting to note that he had meantime cash in hand not only to tip ,archie ,armstrong1 the ,king's ,jester1 who seems to have passed through ,dublin1 but to pay for two knitted silk waistcoats for his own 8somer wearings40 ,while all this was going on1 ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill were enjoying what the ,earl called their 8peregrination40 ,a tutor had been found to accompany them on their foreign travels2 a ,m4 ,marcombes1 highly recommended to the ,earl by ,sir ,henry ,wotton1 as a man 8borne for your purpose40 ,sir ,henry wrote from ,london1 where he had been spending a week or two1 and was returning next day 8to my poore ,cell agayne at ,eton02#ec but he gave the ,earl a careful account of ,marcombes1 whom he had seen in ,london4 ,he was 8by birthe ,french2 native in the ,province of ,auvergne2 bredd seaven years in ,geneve1 verie sounde in ,religion1 and well conversant with ,religious ,men4 ,furnished with good literature and languages1 espetially with ,italian1 which he speaketh as promptly as his owne4 ,and wilbe a good guide for your ,sonns in that delicat ,piece of the ,worlde4 ,he seemeth of himself neither of a lumpish nor of a light composition1 but of a well-fixed meane40 ,m4 ,marcombes had already won golden opinions in the family of ,lord ,middlesex1 a former ,lord ,mayor of ,london2 and was well known to the then ,lord ,mayor1 ,mr4 ,burlamachy1 who also wrote to the ,earl about him4 ,and ,mr4 ,perkins1 the tailor1 seems to have put in a word2 for there had been a meeting in the 8fumie citie0 between ,sir ,henry ,wotton and ,m4 ,marcombes and ,mr4 ,perkins1 at which ,sir ,henry had found the ,french tutor's conversation 8very apposite and sweet40 ,so in the early spring of #afcf ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill1 with their governor ,m4 ,marcombes1 had set out from ,dublin on their foreign travels1 stopping long enough in ,london to kiss the ,king's and ,queen's hands1 and obtain the royal licence and passport to travel2 and they took letters also to ,sir ,henry ,wotton at ,eton1 and to ,frank and ,robyn1 and poor unmeriting ,carew4 ,the ,earl of ,cork himself1 in the early stages of his struggle with ,wentworth1 had thought of going to ,london1 to 8justify himself0 once again1 as he had done when he was a young man1 and ,elizabeth was ,queen4 ,but he was no longer a young man1 and ,charles ,i was not ,queen ,elizabeth1 and the ,lord ,deputy1 when he found it out1 had objected strongly to the ,earl's little plan4 ,on the contrary1 the ,lord ,deputy had gone to ,england himself1 in the summer of #afcf2 and though ,sir ,henry ,wotton was under 8a kind of hovering conceypt0 that the ,earl of ,cork was coming over1 and there was even a rumour that he was to be offered the ,lord ,chancellorship of ,england1 the old ,earl was to remain for two more years in ,ireland4 ,he was busy as usual1 moving about1 on assize and other duties1 between ,dublin and ,lismore and ,cork2 paving the terrace at ,lismore with hewn stones1 dedicating the free schools and almshouses there1 setting up an old servant in ,dublin in a 8tobacko0 business1 and paying ,mr4 ,perkins's bill for those little scarlet suits and cloth-of-silver doublets that ,frank and ,robyn were wearing in their ,whitsuntide holidays4 ,sir ,henry ,wotton was able to tell the ,earl that ,lady ,lettice would see ,frank in better health and strength than he had been in either kingdom before1 while ,robert would 8entertayne her with his pretie conceptions1 now a greate deale more smoothely than he was wonte40 ,the ,earl had not given up his ,english project2 on the contrary1 it was to mature into the purchase of a little bit of ,england for his very own2 and his choice had fallen on a 8capitall howse1 demesne1 and lands0 in ,dorsetshire4 ,accordingly in the autumn of #afcf he bought the ,manor of ,stalbridge1 and sent over a steward1 ,thomas ,cross1 to take possession4 ,at ,stalbridge the ,earl would be a near neighbour of the ,earl of ,bristol--his son-in-law ,digby's uncle--at ,sherborne ,castle4 ,the year #afcf had been a trying year2 and one of the first expenses in the ,new ,year #afcg was a fee to ,mr4 ,jacob ,longe1 of ,kinsale1 8my ,jerman physician10 for plaisters and prescriptions1 8to stay the encrease of the dead palsy which hath seized uppon all the right side of my boddy 7,god helpe me7 #e40 ,and though the returns for the year shewed a 8,lardge ,revenew10 and the diary record for the year ended in a note of triumph1 with a triple 8,amen1 ,amen1 ,amen10 there was yet sorrow in store that no revenue1 however large1 could avert4 ,for ,peggie1 the ,earl's youngest daughter1 was ill4 ,the ,earl had paid #e to ,mr4 ,higgins1 the ,lismore doctor1 to give her 8phisick1 which he never did02 and either because of this1 or in spite of this1 ,little ,peggie did not get well4 ,she died in ,june #afcg1 in ,lady ,clayton's house in ,cork1 where she and ,mary had lived all this time together4 ,the ,lady ,margaret ,boyle1 youngest daughter of the ,earl of ,cork--eight years old when she died--was buried in the family tomb at ,youghal4 ,it was not till ,midsummer #afch1 when the last instalment of the mighty fine had been paid1 that the ,earl began his preparations for a prolonged visit to ,england4 ,he revoked all other wills1 and again made a last will and testament2 and at the end of ,july he actually set out for ,england1 taking with him his daughter ,mary1 ,lord and ,lady ,barrymore1 and several of the grandchildren4 ,the parting was a sad one between ,mary ,boyle and ,lady ,clayton1 who had just lost her husband1 and1 a childless woman herself1 had been a real mother to 8,moll0 and 8,peggie40 ,but the ,earl had a grand marriage in view for his daughter ,mary2 and he had yet to discover that ,lady ,mary had a will of her own3 that of all his daughters it was she who had inherited his own indomitable pride4 ,hitherto1 she had been a child1 brought up away from him2 to be gladdened from time to time by a happy visit or a ,new ,year's gift4 ,but even these are indications of the little lady's tastes and character4 ,it was to ,mary the ,earl gave the 8ffether of diamonds and rubies that was my wive's10 long before he could have known how defiantly she would toss that little head of hers4 ,she must have been a fair horsewoman already at nine years old2 for it was to her that the ,earl sent the dead mother's saddle and saddle-cloth of green velvet1 laced and fringed with silver and green silk2 and it is certain she inherited the ,earl's love of fine dressing1 from the choice of various small gowns of figured satins and rich stuffs of scarlet dye4 ,of even more significance is the old ,earl's gift of ,sir ,philip ,sidney's ,arcadia1 8,to my daughter1 ,mary ,boyle10 when this imperious young creature was only twelve years old4 ,do little girls of twelve read ,sir ,philip ,sidney's ,arcadia to-day8 ,there was to come a moment when1 if the ,earl had ever read it himself1 he must have heard in 8,moll's0 voice1 as she answered him1 some echo of ,sidney's teaching-- 8444 but a soule hath his life ,which is held in loue3 loue it is hath ioynd ,life to this our ,soule40 ,after the usual delays at starting1 the ,ninth ,whelp made a good passage2 and the ,earl and his party reached ,bristol safely on ,saturday ,august #d4 ,as usual1 presents were dispensed to the ship's captain and company1 together with what remained of a hogshead of claret wine4 ,next day1 ,sunday1 the whole family went obediently to church2 and on ,monday morning1 leaving the others to follow with the servants and luggage1 the old ,earl1 riding a borrowed horse1 set off by himself to find his way to ,stalbridge4#ed ,a wonderful peace and stillness falls on the ,dorsetshire uplands at evening after a long1 hot summer day4 ,up hill and down dale and up hill again go the ,dorsetshire lanes1 between their tangled hedges1 through a country of undulating woods and downs and soft green pastures4 ,the lark sings1 high up1 invisible3 a far-away1 sleepy cock-crow or faint bark of sheepdog breaks the silence2 the grazing cattle bend their brown heads in the fields4 ,the ,earl was in ,england again1 the land of his birth4 ,it was perhaps not altogether a prosperous and satisfied ,england1 in ,august #afch4 ,the heavy hand of taxation was on even these pastoral uplands4 ,the heart of ,england was throbbing with political unrest4 ,but on that evening1 at least1 there could have been only the lark's ecstasy1 and the sweet smell of wild thyme and woodsmoke in the air4 ,ireland1 the distressful country of his adoption1 lay behind the old man1 and with it the memories of fifty strenuous years2--all that was hardest and proudest and tenderest in a lifetime4 ,lord and ,lady ,dungarvan were already at ,stalbridge with 8lyttle ffrancke40 ,there was another baby-daughter now1 but it had apparently been left at ,salisbury ,house1 in ,london4 ,dungarvan had ridden some six miles upon the road to meet his father4 ,it was still daylight when1 riding together--the old man must have been pretty stiff in the saddle1 for he had ridden nearly sixty miles that day--they came in sight of the ,elizabethan manor standing among elms and chestnut trees1 surrounded by park lands and hayfields and orchards3 8,my owne house of ,stalbridge in ,dorcetshier2 this being the firste tyme that ever ,i sawe the place40#ee ,after this1 the movements of the ,earl and his family read rather like a ,court ,circular4 ,not much is heard of the life that must have been going on in the little town itself1 with its ,church and market ,cross2 but the mere presence of this great ,irish family among them must1 by the laws of supply and demand1 have wrought many changes in the little market town4 ,the ,earl paid his love and service to his neighbour and kinsman1 the ,earl of ,bristol1 at ,sherborne ,castle1 and the ,earl and ,countess of ,bristol1 with all their house-party1 immediately returned the visit2 after which the whole family at the ,manor were 8feasted0 for two days at ,sherborne ,castle4 ,the ,earl of ,cork and his house-party rode to 8the ,bathe01 and return visits were received at ,stalbridge from friends at 8the ,bathe04 ,and a week or two later the ,earl1 attended by ,dungarvan and ,barrymore1 rode to ,london1 and was graciously received by the ,king and 8all the ,lords at ,whitehall40 ,the ,king praised the ,earl's government of ,ireland1 and the ,archbishop of ,canterbury was particularly friendly4 ,lady ,barrymore and ,lady ,dungarvan had between them undertaken to ease the ,earl from the 8trowble of hows-keeping10 and for this purpose were allowed #ej a week1 and more when they wanted it2 and the cellars and larders at ,stalbridge were replenished from time to time with gifts4 ,a ton of claret wine and six gallons of aqua vit arrived as a ,new ,year's gift from ,munster1 and 8veary fatt does0 from ,english friends2 while among his assets the ,earl counted1 besides the produce of his ,stalbridge lands and woods1 the twenty stalled oxen1 the powdered beef1 the bacon and salted salmon that were sent from his ,irish estates4 ,thomas ,cross1 his steward1 became 8seneschal02--perhaps there was a seneschal at ,sherborne ,castle2 and there was a ,clerk of the ,kitchen and a large staff of household servants1 men and women1 and a long list of rules for the management of the household drawn up and signed by the ,earl himself4#ef ,and of course the 8re-edification0 of the ,manor ,house began at once4 ,there was water to be carried in leaden pipes2 new furniture to hasten home from the ,london upholsterer1 who dwelt at the sign of the ,grasshopper2 a red embroidered bed1 a tawny velvet carpet1 couch and chairs4 ,there was a new coach to buy1 and the paths and terraces at ,stalbridge were to be stone paved exactly like the paths and terraces at ,sherborne ,castle4 ,stairs with a stone balustrade1 and carved stone chimney-pieces were to be added to the ,manor2--one at least carved with the ,earl's coat of arms 8compleate10 and reaching nearly to the ceiling1 8fair and graceful in all respects40 ,there was a limekiln to build1 and pit coal to procure and cane apples#eg to be planted in the orchard4 ,but charity only began at home2 and in this case it did not prevent a subscription being sent--8a myte0 of #ajj--to help the ,archbishop of ,canterbury in his scheme of 8re-edifying ,pawle's ,church in ,london40 ,meantime1 all the ,earl's daughters and sons-in-law1 except ,dorothy and ,arthur ,loftus1 who remained in ,ireland1 seem to have found their way1 separately or together1 to the ,manor of ,stalbridge2 while grandchildren1 nieces and nephews and even 8cozens0 were welcomed under its roof4 ,the ,dungarvans made their headquarters there1 and the ,barrymores1 and the little ,lady ,mary1 who was now fourteen1 and to be considered a grown-up young lady1 with an allowance of #ajj a year 8to fynde herself40 ,and they were presently joined by the ,kildares1 and ,katharine and ,arthur ,jones4 ,even the plaintive ,lettice and her lord stayed for some time under the ,earl's roof4#eh ,and in ,march #afci1 after an absence of three years1 ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill1 with ,m4 ,marcombes1 returned from their 8peregrination04 ,they found ,frank and ,robyn already at ,stalbridge1 though not in the great house itself4 ,for their father had taken the boys away from ,eton on his return journey from ,london in ,november #afch1 and since then they had been boarded out with the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,dowch at the ,parsonage1 scarcely 8above twice a musket-shot0 distant from their father's house4 ,their three years at ,eton had cost1 8for diett1 tutaradge and aparell10 exactly #iad #cs4 #i;d4 ,when the ,earl of ,cork visited ,eton and took his two boys away1 ,sir ,henry ,wotton must have been already ill4 ,since his return after the summer breaking-time of #afch the old ,provost had suffered from a feverish distemper1 which was to prove the beginning of the end4#ei ,it is possible that during the ,provost's illness extra duties had fallen on ,mr4 ,harrison1 the ,rector2 in any case the two boys had been removed from the care of their 8old courteous schoolmaster10 and handed over to 8a new1 rigid fellow20 and things were not going quite so happily for them at ,eton as heretofore4 ,moreover1 poor ,carew1 the romance of the underbaker's daughter nipped in the bud1 had1 from overmuch fondness for cards and dice1 come utterly to grief4 ,it was during this last year of ,robert ,boyle's schooldays--in the ,april of #afch1 before ,sir ,henry ,wotton's illness1 and while all was going on as usual at ,eton--that ,mr4 ,provost had entertained at his hospitable table a guest whose life was to be strangely linked in after years with that of some members of the great ,boyle family4 ,this was ,john ,milton1 then a young poet1 living with his father at ,horton--not far from ,eton--and just about to set out on his ,italian journey4#fj ,was ,robert ,boyle one of the 8hopeful youths0 selected by the ,provost to dine at his table that day when ,milton dined there8 ,and did ,robert ,boyle listen to the talk that went on at table between ,milton and his friend1 the learned ,hales1 and ,sir ,henry ,wotton8 ,it was very pleasant talk4 ,when ,milton returned to ,horton he ventured to send the ,provost a little letter of thanks and a copy of his ,comus as a parting gift2 and ,sir ,henry sent his own footboy post-haste to ,horton1 to catch ,milton before he started1 with a pretty letter of acknowledgment and an introduction to the ,british ,agent in ,venice4 ,it is noteworthy that the advice ,sir ,henry ,wotton gave to ,milton1 and the advice he always gave to his own pupils when they were setting out on a career of diplomacy abroad1 showed that1 while the old man had not forgotten his experience of the ,augsburg album1 his kindly cynicism remained unchanged4 ,i pensiori stretti1 was the advice he handed on in his charming letter to ,milton1--ed il viso sciolto2 while to all young ,etonians travelling in diplomacy he used to say1 ,always tell the truth2 for you will never be believed4 ,it is hard to say how much ,robert ,boyle may have owed to the guidance and talk of ,sir ,henry ,wotton4 ,boyle remembered him as a fine gentleman who possessed the art of making others so2 and it was ,john ,harrison's methods of teaching that had impressed the boy4 ,yet it must not be forgotten that the ,provost's tastes were not only literary and scholarly2 that he had not only surrounded himself with a library of books that ,robert ,boyle in his boyhood must have envied--,sir ,henry ,wotton was of a scientific turn of mind3 he was fond of experimenting4 ,ever since the days when he had watched ,kepler at work in his laboratory and supplied his cousin ,lord ,bacon with facts1 he had been accustomed to occupy himself1 in more or less dilletante fashion1 with such little experiments as the distilling of medicinal herbs and the measurement of time by allowing water to pass through a filter1 drop by drop2 and it was ,sir ,henry ,wotton whom ,izaak ,walton consulted about the preparation of 8seductive-smelling oils0 in the catching of little fishes4 ,and who could it have been1 in that last year that ,robyn spent at ,eton1 who lent him the books that 8meeting in him with a restless fancy0 gave his thoughts such a 8latitude of roving08 ,robyn had been away from school on a visit to ,london1 and there had fallen ill of a 8tertian ague01 and had been sent back to ,eton to see if good air and diet might not do more for him than all 8the ,queen's and other doctors' remedies0 had done4 ,his own phrase#fa is that 8to divert his melancholy they made him read the ,state ,adventures of ,amadis de ,gaule1 and other fabulous and wandering stories40 ,who was the 8they0 at ,eton8 ,it could not have been the 8new1 rigid fellow04 ,amadis de ,gaule may have been part of ,mr4 ,john ,harrison's system of education1 but one would like to believe that ,sir ,henry ,wotton had some hand in fashioning ,robert ,boyle--that his whole library was open to the boy1 not only the books of romance and adventure in it that gave ,robyn's thoughts such a 8latitude of roving40 ,one would like to believe that the torch was indeed passed on from ,kepler's laboratory1 and by the study of one of those three copies of ,bacon's ,novum ,organum1 into the hands of ,england's first great experimental chemist4 ,be that as it may1 ,sir ,henry ,wotton was already ill when ,frank and ,robyn were removed from ,eton in ,november #afch2 and it was ,mr4 ,harrison who duly sent after them to ,stalbridge the furniture of their chamber--the blew perpetuana curtains and all the other things so carefully inventoried by poor ,carew4 ,and ,carew himself no longer served his sweet young masters3 he had been succeeded by a manservant with the suggestive name of ,rydowt1 who appears to have been a married man1 and was accommodated with a little cottage of his own at ,stalbridge1 with a garden which the ,earl planted with 8cane apples0 from ,ireland4 ,the boys were to live and learn their lessons with ,mr4 ,dowch at the ,parsonage2 and that 8old divine0 was very soon to discover that ,robyn had not learnt much ,latin at ,eton after all1 and 8with great care and civility0 to proceed to read with him the ,latin poets as well as the ,latin prose-writers4 ,and while the ,earl gave ,frank a horse of his own1 and knew him to be happy and gallant in the saddle1 it was ,robyn who was the old ,earl's ,benjamin1 most loved of all his sons4 ,the family saw a likeness in ,robyn to his father--a likeness both in body and mind4 ,it is difficult to credit the ,earl of ,cork with any of his youngest son's habit of 8unemployed pensiviness10 but there must have been something in ,robyn when he was quite a little fellow--a quiet self-reliance--that impressed the old ,earl strangely4 ,robyn was only twelve years old2 he had as yet shown none of the traits of character that the ,earl so 8severely disrelished0 in some of his sons and sons-in-law4 ,and so1 when he gave ,frank the horse1 the ,earl listened perhaps with some wonderment to ,robyn's 8pretie conceptions0 in excellent language1 spoken still not quite smoothly2 and he was content to let the boy wander as he liked4 ,he gave his ,benjamin the keys of his orchard1 not afraid to leave him in a very paradise of unplucked apples1 8thinking at random40 ,,chapter ,v ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,the ,,savoy 8,you shall have all this winter att the ,savoy1 in ,s4 ,tho4 ,stafford's howse1 the greatest familie that will be in ,london 7,i pray ,god the ould man houlds out740--,letter from ,sir ,john ,leeke to ,sir ,edmund ,verney1 #afci3 ,verney ,memoirs1 vol4 i4 ,the ,earl's gift of a horse to his son ,frank had been made at a psychological moment4 ,for ,frank1 at sixteen1 was not over robust1 and ,robyn1 not much more than twelve1 was scarcely fitted to defend his ,king and ,country2 and they must have just watched their three elder brothers1 ,dungarvan1 ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill1 ride off in great spirits from ,stalbridge to join the ,king at ,newcastle or ,york4 ,war was in the air1 and rumours of war2 and ,stalbridge ,manor and ,sherborne ,castle1 and the villages of ,dorsetshire and all the great families in ,england1 were astir1 as day by day and week by week the troops of ,english horse and foot were moving northwards to engage against what the old ,earl turned off so lightly in his diary as the 8,covenanting1 rebelleows ,skots40 ,in ,january #afci a circular letter had been sent out in ,king ,charles' name to all the ,english nobility1 asking them to state how far and in what manner they were ready to assist the ,scottish ,expedition2 and week by week1 according to their means and their political inclinations1 the ,english nobles--,laudians and ,puritans alike--had been sending in their answers3 #ajjj1 and twenty horse2 twenty horse and attendance in person or by substitute2 #ajjj in lieu of horse2 #ejj and twelve horse2 and so on4#fb ,and some gave willingly1 and some gave grudgingly1 and some evaded promising to give anything2 and one or two were brave enough to refuse--and to give their reasons why4 ,even at ,court there was 8much contrarity02 it was a case of 8soe many men soe many opinions40#fc ,wentworth1 over in ,ireland1 had written offering his ,king #bjjj1 and if necessary more to his 8uttermost farthing04 ,and the ,earl of ,cork1 at ,stalbridge1 had not done badly either1 though he seems to have had his reservations about this levying of money and troops4 ,his neighbour1 the ,earl of ,bristol1 at ,sherborne1 was one of those who had evaded promising anything in the meantime4 ,but in ,february and ,march ,dungarvan and ,barrymore had been in ,london1 and just at this time also ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill had arrived back in ,london with ,m4 ,marcombes4 ,during this visit to ,london ,dungarvan had been led into an undertaking to serve his ,king in the ,scottish ,expedition3 a rash undertaking1 made without his father's 8privitie02 8an unadvised engagement0 is the ,earl's comment in his diary4 ,but all the same the ,earl supplied his son and heir with #cjjj to raise and arm a troop of a hundred horse--a magnificent subscription1 which at the time caused much talk at the ,court of ,whitehall4 ,lord ,barrymore1 at the same time1 had been commissioned by the ,king to hurry across to ,ireland with letters to ,wentworth1 and to 8raise and press0 a thousand ,irishmen1 foot-soldiers1 into the ,king's service against the ,scots4 ,the very day that ,barrymore set out for ,ireland on this mission the ,earl of ,bristol left ,sherborne for the rendezvous at ,york4 ,a day or two later ,king ,charles himself set out from ,london on his journey northwards1 and in ,april1 ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill were being fitted out with arms and saddles and 8armors of prooff01 in order to accompany their brother ,dungarvan4 ,in the beginning of ,may1 ,dungarvan's wagons and carriages began their journey from ,stalbridge2 and on ,may #i the ,earl's three sons1 ,dungarvan1 ,kynalmeaky1 and ,broghill1 rode out of ,stalbridge with ,dungarvan's troop of one hundred horse4 ,three of his five sons6 8,god1 ,i beseech him10 wrote the ,earl in his diary1 8restore them safe1 happy1 and victorious1 to my comfort40 ,it was then that he gave ,frank a horse for his very own1 and that the small philosopher was allowed to pocket the orchard keys4 ,and the family at the ,manor settled down to wait for news of their soldiers--so slow of coming in those old days4 ,the ladies and the children were left behind in the care of the old ,earl1 ,m4 ,marcombes1 and ,mr4 ,dowch1 the parson4 ,there were a good many ladies at the ,manor during the summer of #afci4 ,a bevy of daughters had gathered about the old ,earl1 and were 8exceeding welcome unto0 him4 ,and it is not to be supposed that it was by any means a doleful household while the men of the family were away4 ,for the women of the ,boyle family1 whatever their education had or had not been1 were every whit as clever by nature as the men3 8,believe it10 wrote the family friend1 ,sir ,john ,leeke1 to ,sir ,edmund ,verney1 about the ladies of the ,boyle family1 8,ould ,corke could not begett nothing foolish40 ,lady ,dungarvan1 his daughter-in-law1 and his daughters ,lady ,barrymore1 ,lady ,lettice ,goring1 ,lady ,katharine ,jones and the little ,lady ,mary ,boyle1 were all at ,stalbridge at this time1 together with several of the grandchildren and all the 8retinues40 ,and in picturing this family gathering it is strange to remember that at least three of these noble women must have been marked by the scourge of the smallpox4 ,lady ,dungarvan had never been beautiful2 and her recent attack of smallpox1 however it may have altered her pleasant face1 had not left her any less cheerful and good-natured than when she first came a bride amongst them1 and won1 by her charming person and manner1 the liking of the 8best sort of people0 in ,ireland4 ,it was a charm that was to outlive her youth3 8,a very fine-speaking lady10 wrote ,samuel ,pepys of her many years later2 8and a good woman1 but old1 and not handsome2 but a brave woman40 ,and so overcome was ,mr4 ,pepys by his first sight and salutation of this noble lady at ,burlington ,house that he managed to set his periwig afire in the candle that was brought for the sealing of a letter4#fd ,lady ,barrymore had also suffered severely from smallpox soon after her child-marriage1 and at the same time with her sister ,lettice4 ,this illness1 and the subsequent disappointments of life1 had left ,lettice ,goring a querulous invalid4 ,she was shockingly illiterate1 and she was small-minded1 though she was not a stupid woman4 ,but ,lady ,barrymore seems to have kept all her charms--not the least of them her 8brave hart04 ,she was clever1 very political and chatty2 8very energetic and capable1 very amusing and very lovable40#fe ,and then there was ,lady ,katharine--wife of ,arthur ,jones2--the one of all the ,earl's daughters with the finest intellect1 the finest character1 and1 according to report1 the most beautiful face4 ,weighed down as she was by a miserable marriage1 she was to rise above all the trials of life1 to be remembered by later generations as 8,milton's ,friend10 the 8,incomparable ,lady ,ranelagh01 the 8dearest1 dearest1 dearest sister0 of ,robert ,boyle4 8,a more brave wench or a ,braver ,spiritt you have not often mett withall10 ,sir ,john ,leeke wrote of her in the summer of #afci2 8she hath a memory that will hear a sermon and goe home and penn itt after dinner verbatim4 ,i know not how she will appeare in ,england1 but she is most accounted of at ,dublin40 ,sir ,john ,leeke1 who had married ,sir ,edmund ,verney's half-sister1 was related also to the ,barrymore family1 and lived with his wife and children in a house on the ,castle ,lyons estates4 ,it was ,lady ,barrymore who figured in his delightful letters as 8,my deare ,mustris01 and 8the worthiest of woemen04 ,but it was ,katharine ,jones1 and the sorrow that looked out of her sweet face1 that had won all his chivalrous devotion4 8,my pretious ,katharine01 he wrote1 8is somewhat decayed from the sweetest face ,i ever saw 7and surely ,i have seen good ones740 ,the little ,katy--who might have married young ,sapcott ,beaumont1 and so become one of a family known afterwards for its generous patronage of art and literature1 the family so kind to the ,poet ,wordsworth--had been given1 at fifteen1 to 8honest ,arthur ,jones01 who would some day be ,viscount ,ranelagh4 ,her marriage portion had been duly paid down1 as per agreement1 at ,strongbow's tomb in ,christchurch1 ,dublin1 on ,midsummer ,day #afca4 ,she had been carried off to ,athlone ,castle2 and though she had since lived a good deal under her father's roof1 and had evidently always been a special object of her own family's care and affection1 she had1 none the less1 ever since her marriage-day1 been in legal bondage to a man who was a gambler and a churl4 ,in this summer of #afci1 the old ,earl1 writing to ,lord ,ranelagh1 the father of ,arthur ,jones1 was begging him rather pathetically not to insist on his son's return to ,ireland1 but to allow ,katharine and ,arthur to spend the winter together in the ,house of the ,savoy3 8,they shalbe both lodged and dyeted in my house and hartily welcome40 ,he seems to have hoped that a winter in ,london might improve ,arthur ,jones1 8now that he hath given over immoderate play in ,corners40#ff ,but if the ,earl was determined1 for his favourite daughter's sake1 to make the best of a miserable business1 ,sir ,john ,leeke in his letter to ,sir ,edmund ,verney was more outspoken4 8,she is keapte and long hath bine by the foulest churl in the worlde10 he wrote3 8he hath only one virtue that he seldome cometh sober to bedd44440#fg ,it is scarcely to be wondered at if the youngest of this bevy of sisters1 the little ,lady ,mary ,boyle1 looked dubiously on the thing called ,husband1 as she saw it in one or two types of brother-in-law that presented themselves to her girlish scrutiny4 ,with her own horses1 her own handsome allowance1 and a great deal of her own way1 this little lady of fourteen was not disposed to 8change her condition40 ,the stormy romance of her life was to come all too soon2 but in the meantime the ,beauty was still sleeping4 ,in three of her sisters' marriages1 she could have seen little of that 8,heart ,exchange0 of which we may imagine her to have been reading in her volume of ,sir ,philip ,sidney's ,arcadia--an opinionative little lady1 probably in a scarlet gown1 on some sequestered seat in the manor garden4 8,my true-love has my heart1 and ,i have his1 ,by just exchange one for the other given40 ,not of ,george ,goring1 handsome1 plausible1 dissolute and cold2 nor of ,kildare1 who deserted wife and children and pawned the family silver2 nor of ,arthur ,jones1 who played immoderately in corners1 and habitually went tipsy to bed1 could it ever have been said by any woman1 however wifely and compliant-- 8,his heart in me keeps me and him in one1 ,my heart in him his thoughts and senses guides40 ,no3 ,mary ,boyle1 at fourteen1 was not disposed to change her condition2 and so it was with a ready-made aversion to matrimony that1 in the summer of #afci1 she received ,mr4 ,james ,hamilton1#fh son and heir of ,lord ,clandeboye1 who arrived by paternal invitation at the ,manor of ,stalbridge4 ,the ,earl of ,cork and ,lord ,clandeboye had been for some time in correspondence about this alliance2 and ,mr4 ,james ,hamilton1 immediately on his return from his foreign travels1 which had included 8a general survey0 of ,italy and ,france1 had sent his own man to ,stalbridge with letters heralding his arrival1 and had followed a day or two later1 travelling in some state1 with his tutor and other attendants4 ,there seems to have been no fault to find with the young man4 ,according to ,lord ,clandeboye1 his son was 8a hater of vice1 and a ,lover of ,noble partes1 and of vertuous industries02 but all the same ,mary ,boyle expressed1 in no measured terms1 8a very high averseness and contradicon0 to her father's commands4 ,she would have nothing to say to this suitor for her little fourteen-year-old hand2 and with much chagrin the ,earl was obliged to write in his diary1 8being refused in marriadge by my unrewly daughter ,mary1 he departed my hows the second of ,september to the ,bathe40 ,but between ,may and ,september many things of importance had happened at the ,manor of ,stalbridge4 ,the ,scottish engagement had come quickly to an end4 ,it was ,may #i when ,dungarvan and his two brothers had left ,stalbridge2 and from time to time letters had been coming to the old ,earl from his sons in camp near ,berwick4 ,but on ,midsummer ,day1 about two o'clock in the morning1 ,broghill had clattered into the courtyard of the ,manor1 having ridden post-haste from the camp to bring his father the first happy news of the 8,honourable ,peace0 concluded with the ,scots4 ,it was1 of course1 but a 8seeming settlement10 and of short duration3 the beginning1 indeed1 and not the end of civil war4 ,but ,dungarvan's troop of horse was disbanded1 and1 according to the ,earl's diary1 the ,english army was dissolved before poor ,barrymore landed out of ,ireland with his 8yrish regiment of #ajjj foot40 ,in ,july1 ,george ,goring joined his ,lady at the ,manor1 and they left together for 8the ,bathe04 ,dungarvan and his brothers were back at ,stalbridge1 and the ,king and ,queen were in ,london again4 ,and early in ,august1 ,sir ,thomas and ,lady ,stafford arrived on a visit to the ,earl of ,cork2 and the diary records 8my ,lady ,stafford and ,i conferred privately between ourselves towching our children1 and concluded40 ,this private conference in the ,stalbridge parlour decided the fate of the sweet-spirited ,frank4 ,my ,lady ,stafford1 when she married the ,earl's 8trew friend10 ,sir ,thomas ,stafford1 gentleman usher to the ,queen1#fi was the widow of ,sir ,robert ,killigrew of ,hanworth in ,middlesex1 and the mother of several ,killigrew children4 ,one of them was the notorious ,tom ,killigrew1 page of honour to ,charles ,i1 court wit1 playwright1 and boon-companion of ,charles ,,ii2 and another was the little ,mistress ,elizabeth ,killigrew1 8both young and handsome10#gj and at this time one of the ,queen's maids of honour4 ,and now ,francis ,boyle was to marry ,elizabeth ,killigrew4 ,it ought to be said that the old ,earl1 in the ,stalbridge parlour conference1 8held it fitter0 that a contract1 rather than a marriage1 should be arranged2 and that it was the ,king himself who intervened1 approving of the plan of foreign travel1 but adding3 8,we conceave that a compleate and perfect marriage wilbe most convenient honorable for all parties40#ga ,it was precisely at this juncture that ,mr4 ,james ,hamilton arrived upon the scene2 and it was just two days later1 as the family coaches were in readiness to drive the whole house-party to ,sherborne ,castle1 to 8kill a ,buck0 and dine with the ,earl and ,countess of ,bristol1 that ,katharine ,jones's third baby made its premature appearance in the family circle4 8,but my daughter shall never be one of his ,majestye's ,auditors10 said the good-natured old ,earl1 8since she can keepe her reckoninge noe better40 ,and he recalled how her sister ,digby had served him the same way during that long-ago visit to ,oxford4 ,it must have been a trying time at the ,manor1 with match-making1 and buck-killing1 and babies1 and 8re-edifications0 all mixed up together in most admired disorder4 ,but everybody behaved beautifully in the circumstances4 ,lady ,stafford stood sponsor at the baby's hurried christening1 and afterwards presented the ,earl of ,cork with a 8lyttle glass bottle of ,spiritt of ,amber for curing the palsy02 which looks as if ,frank's marriage-negotiations1 and the baby's birth1 and the unruly ,mary's 8averseness and contradicon0 had altogether been a little too much for the old man4 ,by ,september1 however1 the guests were all gone1 and the ,earl was receiving letters from the ,king and ,queen1 expressing their 8several wishes0 for the marriage of ,frank and the little maid of honour4 ,and accordingly on ,september #ai1 ,frank and ,robert1 under the charge of ,m4 ,marcombes1 and with forty shillings each for pocket-money1 were dispatched to ,london1 on a visit to ,sir ,thomas and ,lady ,stafford4 ,frank1 ,god bless him6 was at sixteen to 8make his addresses to the ,lady10 while ,robert ,boyle1 in his thirteenth year1 looked on and philosophised4#gb ,the old ,earl had given ,frank a letter1 to be delivered into ,lady ,stafford's hands-- 8,i do now send this bearer to offer his service unto you1 and to be commanded and governed by you40 ,it is a touching letter4 ,the old man was obeying his ,king's commands1 but he was full of fatherly anxiety2 proud1 fond and dubious4 ,he intended to spare neither care nor charge in giving ,frank a noble breeding in foreign kingdoms2 he would have preferred a contract2 the boy's extreme youth1 his further education1 the difficulty of sending him back after his marriage 8to be governed by a tutor01 were all in the old man's mind as he wrote2 and he begged the prospective mother-in-law also to take them into consideration3 8ffor ,i send him unto you as a silken ,thrid to be wrought into what samples you please either flower or weed1 and to be knotted or untyed as god shalbe pleased to put into your noble hart4 ,yet1 in my best understanding1 a good and sure contract is as bynding as a marriage1 espetially when all intencons are reall1 as myne are1 and ever shalbe2 which are accompanied with a strong assurance that this childe of myne will prove religious1 honest1 and just1 though he be modest and somewhat over bashfull4444 ,what he is1 is with himself and yours44440 ,early in ,october1 the ,manor of ,stalbridge was dismantled1 and the ,earl of ,cork1 with the rest of his family and retinue1 set out in state for ,london4 ,sir ,thomas ,stafford had arranged to lend his old friend his ,house of the ,savoy for the winter1 8bravely furnished in all things except linen and plate10 which were being brought from ,stalbridge4 ,lady ,barrymore and ,lady ,katharine ,jones 8with their ,lords and ,children0 were to be lodged in the adjacent houses1 but were to take their meals with the ,earl their father in the ,savoy2#gc and1 as the ,lady ,mary expressed it many years later1 8when we were once settled there1 my father1 living extraordinarily high1 drew a very great resort thither40#gd ,now that ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill were out of leading strings1 their 8,governour0 was transferred to the two younger boys2 and it was arranged that as soon as ,frank and ,mrs4 ,betty ,killigrew were united in the bonds of matrimony1 ,m4 ,marcombes was to carry both the boys off on their 8peregrination04 ,sir ,henry ,wotton had hinted at some such scheme when he told the ,earl that ,marcombes was 8borne for your purpose02 and indeed ,m4 ,marcombes--the guide and teacher of ,robert ,boyle from his thirteenth to his eighteenth year--was a remarkable man4 8,he was a man0--wrote ,robert ,boyle in later years--8whose garb1 his mien and outside1 had very much of his nation1 having been divers years a traveller and a soldier4 ,he was well-fashioned1 and very well knew what belonged to a gentleman4444 ,scholarship he wanted not1 having in his greener years been a professed student in ,divinity2 but he was much less read in books than men1 and hated pedantry as much as any of the seven deadly sins40 ,before company1 the governor was 8always very civil to his pupils1 apt to eclipse their failings1 and set off their good qualities to the best advantage20 but in his private conversation he was cynically disposed1 and 8a very nice critic both of words and men40 ,his worst quality seems to have been his 8choler02 and ,robyn soon learned that to avoid 8clashing0 with his governor he must manage to keep his own quick young temper in submission4 ,this was the man with whom1 all the summer of #afci1 ,robert ,boyle had read the ,universal ,history in ,latin1 and carried on 8a familiar kind of conversation0 in ,french4 ,and this was the man in whose charge ,frank and ,robyn were to set off on their travels when ,frank's wedding was over4 ,they were to go to ,geneva1 where ,broghill and ,kynalmeaky had been before them1 where there was now a ,madame ,marcombes in readiness to receive them4#ge ,for during his previous peregrinations in ,france and ,switzerland with ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill1 ,marcombes1 quite unknown to the ,earl1 had met and married his wife4 ,she was a ,parisian lady1 of good civic connexions1 and she was an excellent housewife4 ,marcombes had actually run away from ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill for a day or two to tie the nuptial knot4 ,the ,earl had at first been angry1 but had forgiven ,marcombes2 indeed the charge of ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill was not an easy one2 perhaps the ,earl realised that ,marcombes1 under the circumstances1 required a besseres ,ich2 and1 in any case1 ,marcombes would have been difficult to replace4 ,for he was--he says it himself--8an honest and ,carefull man02 and he told the ,earl in plain words while he was acting as governor to ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill that the title of governor was but 8a vaine name1 specially when those yt a man has under his ,charge have kept so long ,companie with hunters and players1 and soe many ,gentlemen that will humour them in anything and will let them know their ,greatnesse1 as my young ,lords have been used in ,ireland40#gf ,marcombes had found no fault with my ,lord ,broghill3 8,i may assure your ,lordship yt you shall have both honour and comfort in him4444 ,every one yt knows him ,loves him and speakes well of him and without any compliment02 but ,kynalmeaky1 the brilliant young libertine1 though 8a young ,lord of many good parts10 loved his pleasures too well4 8,i looke at home very narrowly to his drinking and abroad to his borrowing01 ,marcombes had reported to the ,earl4 ,moreover1 both the boys had had smallpox in ,genoa2 but he had brought them both safely back to ,stalbridge in time to join their brother ,dungarvan's troop of horse in the ,scottish engagement2 and it must have been with a sigh of relief that he turned his attention to the two younger boys1 ,frank and ,robyn4 ,on the #bdth of ,october1 ,francis ,boyle was married to ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,killigrew1 in the ,king's ,chapel of ,whitehall4 ,the ,king gave the lady away with his own hand1 and a royal feast in ,court was made for the young couple4 ,the ,king and ,queen were both present2 and the old ,earl and three of his daughters 7probably ,lady ,barrymore1 ,lady ,katharine ,jones1 and ,lady ,mary ,boyle7 sat at the royal table1 8amongst all the great ,lords and ,ladies40 ,the ,king himself 8took the bride out to dance44440 ,and four days later1 8to render this joy as short as it was great10#gg ,frank was packed off to ,france with ,robyn and ,m4 ,marcombes4 ,having kissed their ,majesties' hands1 the boys took a 8differing farewell of all their friends40 ,the bridegroom was 8exceedingly afflicted0 to have to leave his little new-made wife2 but the spiritay ,robyn was on tip-toe of excitement at the thought of foreign travel and adventure4 ,on ,october #bh1 #afci1 they set out with their governor and two ,french servants from the ,house of the ,savoy4 ,so far the sweet-spirited ,frank had done everything that was expected of him2 but there was a scene at parting4 ,for the bride was to be left behind in the ,savoy under the ,earl of ,cork's care1 with the unruly ,lady ,mary as her 8chamber-fellow40 ,and so unwilling was ,frank to tear himself away that the old ,earl was incensed2 and ,frank1 in those last troubled moments of leave-taking1 forgot to buckle on his sword--the sword1 as well as the lady1 was left behind6 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,robyn ,,goes ,,abroad ,o ye windes of ,god1 blesse ye the ,lord3 praise him and magnifie him for ever4 444 ,o ye fire and heat1 blesse ye the ,lord3 praise him and magnifie him for ever4 444 ,o ye ice and snow1 blesse ye the ,lord3 praise him and magnifie him for ever4 444 ,o ye lightnings and clouds1 blesse ye the ,lord3 praise him and magnifie him for ever4 444 ,o ye ,children of men1 blesse ye the ,lord3 praise him and magnifie him for ever4 ,benedicite omnia opera3 ,black ,letter ,prayer ,book of #afcf4 ,the little party--five in all--,francis and ,robert1 and ,m4 ,marcombes1 with their two ,french servants1 8took post for ,rye in ,sussex2 and there1 though the sea was rather rough1 they hired a ship10 and 8a prosperous puff of wind did safely1 by next morning1 blow them into ,france40#gh ,they were a day and night at sea1 and 8a little tossed att night02 they had escaped the perils of the deep and of 8y ,donkirks02 and after stopping for a short refreshment at ,dieppe1 they set off towards ,rouen and ,paris4#gi ,they enjoyed the company of several ,french gentlemen on the road1 of which they were glad2 for a robbery had been 8freshly committed in a wood0 between ,rouen and ,paris1 through which the travellers would be obliged to pass by night4 ,marcombes sensibly observed that the very next day after the robbery would be the very safest time to ride through the wood2 and accordingly they continued their journey4 ,at ,rouen1 ,robyn was fascinated by the great floating bridge1 which rose and fell with the tide water2 and in one of his 8pretty conceits10 such as had so amused ,sir ,henry ,wotton at ,eton1 the boy compared this bridge at ,rouen to the 8vain amorists of outward greatnesse1 whose spirits resent0 7i4e4 rise and fall with7 8all the flouds and ebbs of that fortune it is built on40 ,and this so soon after ,frank's gay wedding in ,whitehall6 ,arrived in ,paris on ,november #d1 unmolested by brigands on their journey1 ,marcombes and the two boys spent some days in 8that vast chaos of a city10 where they were shown most of the 8varieties10 and met several ,english friends--among them one whom ,m4 ,marcombes heartily disliked1 ,frank's new brother-in-law1 ,tom ,killigrew1 with the honeyed tongue1 brother of the little bride who had been left behind in the ,house of the ,savoy4 ,they also called on the ,english ,ambassador2 but the great event of their visit to ,paris has been described in ,marcombes's first letter to the ,earl4#hj ,mr4 ,francis1 he says1 had been so troubled at the moment of his departure from the ,savoy on account of his father's anger against him1 that he had quite forgotten where he had put his own sword and the case of pistols which the ,earl had given the boys2 and ,marcombes had been obliged1 when they arrived at ,paris1 to buy them 8a kaise of pistolles a piece01 not only because of the dangerous state of the roads in ,france 7witness the robbery freshly committed in a wood71 but because it was 8y mode0 in ,france for every gentleman to ride with pistols2 and people would 8,laugh att0 the ,earl's hopeful sons if they were without them4 ,a sword also had been bought for ,mr4 ,francis1 and 8when ,mr4 ,robert saw it he did so earnestly desire me to buy him one1 because his was out of fashion1 that ,i could not refuse him that small request40 ,they left ,paris1 with their new swords and pistols1 a little company1 8all well-horsed10 numbering some twenty altogether1 and including two delightful 8,polonian0 ,princes1 who were 8,princes by virtue and education as well as birth40 ,it was a nine days' journey to ,lyons1 and on the way they rested1 among other places1 at ,moulins1 which the future experimentalist remembered for its 8fine tweezes40 ,but romance was at this time nearer to the boy's heart than chemistry2 their way had lain through a part of the ,french ,arcadia1 8the pleasant ,pays de ,forest1 where the ,marquis d',urf had laid the scene of the adventures and amours of that ,astrea with whom so many gallants are still in love1 long after both his and her decease40#ha ,lyons itself1 where they stayed for a time1 seemed to ,robert ,boyle 8a town of great resort and trading1 but fitter for the residence of merchants than of gentlemen40 ,they crossed the mountains that had formerly belonged to the ,duke of ,savoy1 but were now in the territory of the ,french king1 and they saw the ,rhone in its narrowest part1 between the rocks1 8where it is no such large stride to stand on both his banks02 and after three days' journey from ,lyons1 they reached ,geneva1 a little ,commonwealth whose quick and steady prosperity under the 8reformed religion0 had made it the theme 8not only of discourse but of some degree of wonder40 ,there1 for nearly two years1 the boys were to board with ,m4 ,marcombes and his wife and family1 and to find themselves in a little ready-made circle of friends2 for ,barrymore and ,kynalmeaky had been there together1 and boarded at the ,villa ,diodati4 ,philip ,burlamachy1 the former ,lord ,mayor of ,london1 who did so much business with the ,earl of ,cork1 and who1 it will be remembered1 had recommended ,marcombes to the ,earl1 belonged to ,geneva1 and was related by marriage to the ,diodati family there2 and ,mr4 ,diodato ,diodati1 the banker1 and ,dr4 ,john ,diodati1 the famous ,italian ,protestant preacher1 were among the chief ,genevan residents4 8,the church government10 wrote ,john ,evelyn about ,geneva1 only a year or two later1 8is severely ,presbyterian1 after the discipline of ,calvin and ,beza1 who set it up2 but nothing so rigid as either our ,scots or ,english sectaries of that denomination40 ,geneva was1 as ,marcombes had pointed out to the ,earl when he took the boys there1 not only a very convenient place for himself--for his home and family were there--but 8by reason of the pure air and the notable ,strangers always passing through it1 and the conveniences for all kinds of ,learning there1 a very good place for the two boys to be educated in40 ,they would be among those who though 8farr from puritanisme0 were very orthodox and religious men1 and they would be in no danger from conversation with 8,jesuits1 friars1 priests1 or any persons ill-affected to their religion1 king or state40 ,in a word1 ,frank and ,robyn were to be bred in a commonwealth of educated toleration2 and its fine influences were to remain with ,robert ,boyle--who lived there a little longer than his brother--all through his life4 ,from time to time1 ,marcombes wrote comfortable letters to the ,earl in ,london4 ,supplies of money had1 so far1 come regularly2 but as yet no letters had arrived from the ,earl of ,cork1 who was1 as will be seen later1 beset by family cares and public anxieties4 ,marcombes and the boys had settled down to regular lessons at set hours4 ,the lessons were to include rhetoric and logic1 arithmetic and ,euclid1 geography1 the doctrine of the spheres and globe1 and fortification4 ,they were to take lessons with a fencing-master and a dancing-master1 and they played at mall and tennis--this last a sport that ,robert ,boyle 8ever passionately loved40 ,and they read together in a 8voluminous but excellent work0 called ,le ,monde2 but above all ,robyn1 if not ,frank1 was indulged in the reading of romances1 which not only 8extreamely diverted0 him1 but also taught him ,french4 ,and as they talked no ,english1 but 8all and allwayes ,french10 ,robert became very soon 8perfect0 in the ,french tongue1 while ,frank could 8express himself in all companies40#hb ,marcombes was evidently very proud of having a second batch of the ,earl of ,cork's sons put under his care2 and ,frank and ,robyn proved pupils more to his taste than ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill had been4 ,for one thing1 they had come to him fresh from school2 and he found the very young bridegroom and the younger philosopher1 8noble1 virtuous1 discreet and disciplinable40 8,i think01 he wrote to the ,earl1 8,i neede not much ,rhetorike for to persuade your ,lordship that ,mr4 ,robert ,loves his booke with all his heart40 ,and ,robert also danced extremely well2 and so anxious was he to excel in fencing1 that the good-natured ,marcombes was 8almost afraid y he should have left a quarell unperfect in ,england40 ,as for ,frank1 he was taking to his lessons with a 8facilitie and passion0 that surprised ,marcombes1 seeing that the boy had 8tasted a little drope of y ,libertinage of y ,court40 ,francis had been well provided with clothes in ,london2 but ,master ,robert had been furnished in ,geneva with a complete black satin suit1 the cloak lined with plush2 and ,marcombes gave the boys every month 8a piece y value of very neare two pounds sterlings for their passe time40 ,that first winter in ,geneva was an exceptionally cold one1 and a great deal of snow had fallen 8on y grounde40 ,the ,governour's letters to the ,earl reported the boys to be growing apace4 ,mr4 ,francis's legs and arms were considerably bigger than when he left ,england4 ,the mountain air and the dancing and fencing were doing both boys good1 though ,mr4 ,robert still preferred sitting by himself1 8with some book of history or other0--the romances are not mentioned--and required some persuasion 8to playe at tennisse and to goe about40 ,he was1 however1 in excellent health4 8,i never saw him handsomer10 wrote ,marcombes to the ,earl2 8for although he growes so much1 yet he is very fatt and his cheeks as red as vermilion40 ,the frosty air had brought them 8to such a stomacke that your ,lordship should take a great pleasure to see them feed4 8,i doe not give them ,daintys10 he wrote3 8but ,i assure your ,lordship that they have allwayes good bred and ,good wine1 good beef and mouton1 thrice a week1 good capons and good fish1 constantly disches of fruit and a ,good piece of cheese3 all kind of cleane linen twice and thrice a weeke1 and a ,constant fire in their chamber1 where they have a good bedd for them and another for their men40 ,marcombes describes in detail the order of their days in the ,genevan household4 ,every morning during their first months in ,geneva he taught them rhetoric and ,latin2 and after dinner they read two chapters of the ,old ,testament--with 8expositions0 from ,marcombes on those points they did not understand2 and before supper they read ,roman history in ,french1 and repeated 8y catechisme of ,calvin with y most orthodox exposition0 of difficult points2 and after supper they read two chapters of the ,new ,testament4 ,and they said their prayers morning and evening1 and twice a week they went to church4 8,there is1 my ,lord10 ended ,marcombes1 with a little flourish of self-satisfaction1 8a ,compendium of our employment60 ,but all these months no answers to their various letters had come from the ,earl in ,london4 ,they had left ,london on ,october #bh1 and it was apparently the middle of ,february before the boys heard from their father2 and then two packets of his long-expected letters1 both written in ,january1 arrived together4 ,the formal1 reverential little letters which the boys were in the habit of penning to the ,earl were letters chiefly remarkable for their beginnings and endings4 ,they usually began 8,my most honoured ,lord and ,father10 and ended with some such peroration1 as 8with my dayly prayers to ,god for your ,lordship's long life1 health and happiness1 and with the desire to be esteemed all my life1 ,my ,lord1 your most dutiful and obedient ,son and humblest ,servant40 ,a modern reader would scarcely credit1 from such a peroration1 the existence of a deep natural affection2 and there was certainly not the kind of untrammelled love of the modern child for the modern parent4 ,and yet the ornate solemnity of these little seventeenth-century letters only cloaked the tender humanity beneath4 ,it was but a literary form2 and under it1 in spite of the foster-parentage of babyhood1 the subservience of youth1 and the rigour of parental authority1 the strong human love was there in the seventeenth century as now4 ,when the long-expected packets arrived at ,m4 ,marcombes's house in ,geneva1 and the boys gathered about their governour to receive their father's letters1 so overjoyed and excited was the 8,spiritay ,robyn0 that his hesitation of speech--which had almost disappeared--returned in full force2 and for some minutes he stammered and stuttered so atrociously that ,frank and ,marcombes could scarcely understand what he was saying1 and had much ado to 8forbeare ,laughing40 ,and what was the ,earl's news8 ,much had been happening in ,london1 both inside and outside the ,house of the ,savoy1 since ,october #afci2 but evidently only an abridged edition reached ,marcombes and the boys in ,geneva4 ,lady ,barrymore had been very ill1 but was recovering4 ,lady ,dungarvan1#hc whose second little girl had died at ,salisbury ,house1 in ,london1 before the boys left ,london1 had a little son at last2 but 8lyttle ,franck10 the ,dublin-born daughter1 remained the old ,earl's pet4 ,the heir was born on ,november #ag in the ,house of the ,savoy1 and christened in the ,savoy ,chapel by the name of 8,charles10 the ,king himself standing sponsor1 while the ,countess of ,salisbury was godmother1 and the other godfather was the ,marquis of ,hamilton4 ,but the great news of all was the news of ,kynalmeaky's marriage--a very splendid marriage it had been--with the ,lady ,elizabeth ,fielding1 one of the ladies of the ,queen's privy chamber1 and daughter of the ,earl and ,countess of ,denbigh4 ,their other daughter was married to the ,marquis of ,hamilton1 and the ,countess of ,denbigh herself was a sister of the ,king's favourite1 the murdered ,buckingham4 ,the marriage of ,lord ,kynalmeaky and the ,lady ,elizabeth ,fielding had been arranged under royal auspices4 ,the ,king had dowered the lady1 and the wedding1 like ,frank's1 had been in the ,royal ,chapel of ,whitehall4 ,the ,king had given away the bride1 and 8put about her neck0 the ,queen's gift of a rich pearl necklace1 8worth #aejj40 ,there was much revelling1 dancing and feasting afterwards1 and the ,king and ,queen 8did the young couple all honour and grace40 ,the ,earl of ,cork1 always a strange mixture of generosity and thrift1 had supplied #ajj for ,kynalmeaky's wedding garments1 and lent him 8my son ,franck's wedding shoes0 for the occasion4 ,broghill also was to be married4 8,your friend ,broghill10 the ,earl wrote to ,marcombes1 8is in a fair way of being married to ,mrs4 ,harrison1 one of the ,queen's maids of honour1 about whom a difference happened yesterday between ,mr4 ,thomas ,howard1 the ,earl of ,berkshire's son and him1 which brought them into the field2 but thanks be to ,god1 ,broghill came home without any hurt1 and the other gentleman was not much harmed2 and now they have clashed swords together they are grown good friends4 ,i think in my next ,i shall advise you that my daughter ,mary is nobly married1 and that in the spring ,i shall send her husband to keep company with my sons in ,geneva40#hd ,the old ,earl1 when he wrote to ,marcombes in ,january #afdj1 did not guess the sequels to these two little romances4 ,for though the wedding clothes were making1 ,broghill was never to marry ,mrs4 ,harrison1 whom he1 like many other gallants1 had 8passionately loved40 ,on the contrary1 it was ,mr4 ,thomas ,howard1 8not much harmed10 who was to be the happy man2 and the lady whom ,broghill was presently to marry was the ,lady ,margaret ,howard1 the beautiful daughter of the ,earl and ,countess of ,suffolk1 and a cousin of ,mr4 ,thomas ,howard4 ,the two young men had clashed swords to some purpose2 but ,lord ,broghill's marriage with ,lady ,margaret ,howard comes into another chapter4 ,nobody exactly knows who was the noble suitor that was to marry ,mary ,boyle and be packed off to ,geneva like a schoolboy immediately afterwards4 ,for ,mary ,boyle had once more expressed her 8very high averseness and contradicon0 to the ,earl's counsels and commands4 ,she had again refused ,mr4 ,james ,hamilton1 though all her brothers and sisters and several of her brothers-in-law1 and all her best friends--poor little unruly ,mary6--8did entreat and persuade10 and the old ,earl 8did command40 ,vanquished for once1 the ,earl of ,cork had been in treaty with more than one other youthful suitor for ,mary's hand4 ,but ,mary ,boyle has told her own story4#he 8,living so much at my ease10 she says1 8,i was unwilling to change my condition40 ,after ,frank's marriage1 his wife ,betty lived with the ,earl in the ,house of the ,savoy1 where she and ,mary ,boyle became close friends and 8chamber fellows40 ,betty obtained 8a great and ruling power0 over ,mary1 8inticing her to spend0 7as she did7 8her time in seeing and reading plays and romances1 and in exquisite and curious dressing40 ,betty ,boyle had many of the young gallants of the ,court at her beck and call1 and one of them was ,mr4 ,charles ,rich1 second son of the ,earl of ,warwick4 ,charles ,rich was 8a very cheerful and handsome1 well-bred and fashioned person1 and being good company1 was very acceptable to us all1 and so became very intimate in our house1 visiting us almost every day40 ,charles ,rich also had been in love with ,mrs4 ,harrison1 but not so deeply as to prevent his acting as ,mr4 ,thomas ,howard's second in the duel2 and after that for a time he had considered it only civil to absent himself from the ,house of the ,savoy4 ,when he did come again it was to transfer his attentions to the ,lady ,mary2 and ,frank's wife played go-between4 8,a most diligent gallant to me10 says ,mary of ,charles ,rich1 many long years after their forbidden love-making and runaway marriage2 8applying himself1 when there were no other beholders in the room but my sister1 to me2 but if any other person came in he took no more than ordinary notice of me40 ,and every night when ,mary laid her little unruly head upon the pillow she resolved that ,charles ,rich must be given his dismissal1 and that ,betty must be told never again to mention him to her as a husband4 ,and somehow every morning it seemed impossible to carry out her resolution2 and she made her toilet1 and put on her most exquisite and curious dress1 and looked the proud and charming little lady that she was4 ,but ,marcombes and the boys in ,geneva knew nothing of all this2 and for that matter neither as yet did the old ,earl4 ,the noble suitor about whom he was in treaty when he wrote to ,geneva was certainly not ,charles ,rich--who was only a second son1 8with #acjj or #adjj a year at the most02 and who1 if he dared to pay his court to the ,earl of ,cork's youngest daughter1 must do it clandestinely with the connivance of ,betty ,boyle4 ,the spring and summer of #afdj passed uneventfully in the ,marcombes household4 ,spring and summer in ,geneva2 the peaceful little ,calvinist town1 basking under a hot sun and a blue sky2 the bluer waters of the ,lake with the big-winged boats upon it2 the vivid greens of the middle distances1 and the far-away mountain-peaks white with the everlasting snows6 ,and the lessons went on as usual1 the boys giving their governour 8all y satisfaction of y worlde04444 8,i would ,i was as able to teache as ,mr4 ,robert is able to conceave and to ,learne40 ,it is true that the witty and wicked ,tom ,killigrew came down on them from ,paris1 and favoured them with a little of his 8sweet and delectable conversation02 but ,marcombes told the ,earl that he did not think ,mr4 ,killigrew would stay long in ,geneva1 8which perhaps will be y better for your ,sons40 ,when he did depart1 he left with ,marcombes a fine watch and some ruby buttons to be sent to his sister ,betty in ,london4 ,and the little household settled down again--rhetoric and logic to be succeeded by mathematics1 history and geography1 the chief points of religion1 and more dancing-lessons4 ,mr4 ,francis was learning to vault4 ,he and ,marcombes had received the ,sacrament at five o'clock on ,easter morning2 but ,mr4 ,robert would not receive it1 8excusing himself upon his yonge age10 though ,marcombes assured the ,earl he did not abstain 8for want of good instruction upon y matter40 ,in ,june they had gone a little jaunt into the ,savoy country4 8,we were two days abroad10 wrote ,marcombes to the ,earl1 8and were never so merry in our lives40 ,but were the boys so merry8 ,frank1 influenced perhaps by ,tom ,killigrew and the letters which came from his little wife at home1 was beginning to be restive1 and begging his father to allow them to go on into ,italy1 and so be the sooner home again4 ,and ,robert ,boyle8 ,it was in the very heat of that summer of #afdj that there happened to ,robert ,boyle 8an accident which he always used to mention as the considerablest of his whole life40 8,to frame a right apprehension of this10 he says in his ,philaretus1 8you must understand that though his inclinations were ever virtuous1 and his life free from scandal and inoffensive1 yet had the piety he was master of already so diverted him from aspiring unto more1 that ,christ1 who long had lain asleep in his conscience 7as he once did in the ship7 must now1 as then1 be waked by a storm40#hf ,about the dead of night1 after a long1 hot summer day1 he had suddenly wakened to find himself in the midst of one of those thunderstorms so indescribably grand and terrible among the ,alps4 ,he 8thought the earth would owe an ague to the air10 and every clap was both preceded and attended with flashes of lightning so frequent and so dazzling that he began to imagine them 8the sallies of that fire that must consume the world40#hg ,the winds almost drowned the noise of the thunder4 ,the rains almost quenched the flashes of lightning4 ,the ,day of ,judgment seemed at hand2 and the consideration of his 8unpreparedness to welcome it1 and the hideousness of being surprised by it in an unfit condition10 made the boy 8resolve and vow that if his fears were that night disappointed1 all his further additions to his life should be more religiously and watchfully employed4 ,the morning came1 and a serener cloudless sky returned1 when he ratified his determination so solemnly that from that day he dated his conversion2 renewing1 now he was past danger1 the vow he had made whilst he believed himself to be in it40 ,afterwards1 ,robyn blushed to remember that the vow had been made only in fear2 but he comforted himself by thinking that 8the more deliberate consecration of himself to piety had been made when the earth and sky had regained their equanimity1 and with no less motive than that of its own excellence40 ,the hour of terror had been also the hour of realisation4 ,this trembling child1 already a student of ,nature1 had begun amidst the winds and lightnings to realise dimly the existence of ,elemental ,mysteries which made the whole world tremble too4 ,and yet1 did not even these atmospheric exacerbations flash and thunder out the command to praise ,him and magnify ,him for ever8 ,were not the deepest1 most terrible of ,elemental ,mysteries but part of a ,universal ,benedicite8 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,the ,,debacle 8,but 7as when in summer we take up our grass-horses into the stable1 and give them store of oats1 it is a sign that we mean to travel them7 our ,philaretus1 soon after he had received this new strength1 found a new weight to support40--,,robert ,,boyle',s ,philaretus4 ,in the spring of #afda1 some months after the thunderstorm episode1 ,marcombes bought horses1 and they set out on a three weeks' tour in the neighbouring country4 ,the ,earl had not yet given his permission for the ,italian tour1 and ,francis and ,robert had been sixteen months at their lessons1 and were beginning to long for a holiday4 ,riding and walking1 they visited ,chambry1 ,aix1 and ,grenoble1 and then found their way into 8the wild mountains where the first and chiefest of the ,carthusian ,abbies does stand seated40 ,robyn's 8conversion0 by the thunderstorm appears to have been quite unknown to ,frank and ,marcombes3 they had no conception of the thoughts that were churning in the boy's head4 ,it was the ,devil1 so ,robert ,boyle says in his ,philaretus1 who1 taking advantage of the deep raving melancholy of the place1 and the pictures and stories to be found in the ,monastery of ,bruno1#hh the ,father of the ,order1 tempted him with 8such hideous thoughts and such distracting doubts of some of the fundamentals of ,christianity1 that1 though his looks did little betray his thoughts1 nothing but the forbiddenness of self-dispatch hindered his acting it40 ,it was more probably an acute attack of home-sickness1 following on a prolonged diet of 8y catechisme of ,calvin02 but it was remembered1 by this sensitive boy1 as a very real temptation4 ,he wrote to his father when they returned to ,geneva1 mentioning the little tour only as one 8wherein we have had some pleasure mingled with some paines40 ,it was a sad little letter3 8,your ,lordship seems10 says ,robyn1 8to be angry with my brother and ,i40 ,they had not written often1 or fully enough2 and letters that are all beginnings and endings do not tell much4 ,marcombes1 on the other hand1 wrote ebulliently to the ,earl4 ,he never forgot to sing the praises of his pupils--,robyn1 especially1 was semper idem1 and 8,capable of all good things02 while the nature and disposition of both boys were 8as good and sweete as any in the worlde40 ,on their return to ,geneva1 they had found letters from the ,earl1 giving them leave to travel into ,italy2 and during the summer of #afda the boys were 8fincing01 and 8dansing01 and learning ,italian1 and holding their heads well and their bodies straight1 and ,mr4 ,francis was now taller than my ,lord ,dungarvan1 while as for ,mr4 ,robert1 he was 8an ,eale01 tall for his age1 and big proportionably4 ,they rose betimes1 loved to ride abroad1 and always came home with 8a very good stomacke40 ,and as ,marcombes assured the ,earl that they went regularly to church1 and in private also 8sarved ,god very religiously01 it may be supposed that the months of 8tedious perplexity01 of which ,robert ,boyle speaks in his ,philaretus and of which ,marcombes and ,frank knew nothing1 were drawing to a close4 ,there came a day1 indeed1 when ,robyn no longer excused himself from receiving the ,sacrament by reason of his 8yonge age40 ,it pleased ,god1 he says1 one day that he had taken the ,sacrament to restore to him 8the withdrawn sense of his favour40 ,although the ,earl of ,cork had given his permission1 he was very dubious about the wisdom of the ,italian journey4 8,for10 wrote the ,earl in ,london to ,marcombes in ,geneva1 8we have lately had a popish priest hanged1 drawn and quartered2 and a many moe in prison which ,i think wilbe brought to the like cloudy end1 for that they did not depart the ,kingdome by the prefixed date lymited by the late statute40 ,the ,earl's friends in ,london1 8suspecting revenge10 had advised him against the ,italian journey1 and drawn horrible pictures of an ,inquisition worse than death4 ,but the old man was anxious to satisfy the boys' desires1 and really wanted them to learn ,italian1 and to see 8all those brave ,universities1 ,states1 ,cities1 ,churches1 and other remarkeable things0#hi which only ,italy could show them4 ,and so they were to go2 but ,marcombes was to take great care of them1 and to remember that the ,earl was entrusting 8these my ,jewells0 to him in a strange country4 ,in preparation for ,italy1 ,madame ,marcombes was making for them all kinds of new linen2 and ,marcombes bought for them three suits of clothes apiece1 and they were to have more when they reached ,florence--8where ,i doe intend to keep them a coach1 ,god willing40 ,marcombes was anxious that the ,earl should obtain for them a letter 7in ,latin7 from the ,king1 8to all ,kings1 ,princes1 ,magistrates10 etc41 in which ,marcombes himself should be named 8by name and surname40 ,and they ought also1 he said1 to have a special licence from the ,king to allow them to travel in ,rome1 8least your ,lordship or your sons should be questioned hereafter40 ,the ,genevan household were up in arms against ,tom ,killigrew1 who had gone home and reported1 most untruly1 that ,marcombes was keeping the boys short of clothes and pocket money4 ,in ,july #afda ,robyn wrote again to his father4 ,the ,earl seems to have been still angry with 8my brother and ,i03--8,my most honoured ,lord and father1 ,i desire with passion and without any question to go into ,italy1 but ,i protest unto your ,lordship that ,i doe not desire it half so much as to heare from your ,lp2 for the three moneths 7or ,thereabouts7 that we have been deprived of that sweet communication seem to me #c long ,ages1 and would to god that the interruption of that pleasing commerce may proceede from your private and publique employments40 ,marcombes also had written to the ,earl of ,cork4 ,he dared not be so bold1 he said1 as to beg for some news of 8y affaires of y ,island40 ,they1 in ,geneva1 had heard of ,strafford's death1 8y catastrophe of y last ,deputy of ,ireland02 but they did not know who was his successor1#ij or what had become of the ,archbishop of ,canterbury1 and of 8y armys both of ,england and ,scotland40 ,in ,geneva1 by the grace of ,god1 they were enjoying a profound peace3 8y storme having been driving another way40 ,it was ,september #afda when the boys and their governour1 all 8well horsed01 bade good-bye to ,madame and the children1 and set off on their long-talked-of ,italian journey4 ,once more they crossed the 8hideous mountains02 they saw the source of the ,rhine 8but a brook10 and came down in the valley of ,valtollina1 a little earthly paradise abounding 8with all that ,ceres and ,bacchus are able to present40 ,robert ,boyle always remembered standing on the spot where the little town of ,piur1 8once esteemed for its deliciousness10 had about a quarter of a century before been suddenly submerged and buried so deep that 8no after search by digging has ever prevailed to reach it40 ,and still among the ,alps1 but surrounded by higher mountains1 8where store of crystal is digged10 and which 8like perpetual penitents do all the year wear white10 the boy found himself1 for the first time in his life1 above the clouds4 ,he never forgot how1 as they descended la ,montagna di ,morbegno1 he looked down on the clouds that darkened the middle of the mountain below them1 while he and his companions were above1 in 8clear serenity40 ,from the ,grisons they passed into ,venetian territory and the vast and delicious plains of ,lombardy1 through ,bergamo1 ,brescia1 ,verona1 ,vincenza and ,padua1 to ,venice1 ,bologna1 ,ferrara and ,florence4 ,they were very young2 and their 8peregrination0 must not be compared in the matter of sightseeing and adventure with ,john ,evelyn's tour taken over much the same ground--only the reverse way--a year or two later4 ,at ,florence they sold their horses1 and settled down for the winter of #afda-b2 and there they resumed their lessons1 ,italian chiefly and 8modern history02 and ,robyn read the ,lives of the ,old ,philosophers1 and became so enamoured of the ,stoics that he insisted on 8enduring a long fit of the toothache with great unconcernedness40#ia ,in all his journeys1 he had carried his pet books with him4 ,frank laughed at his younger brother's inveterate habit of reading as he walked--8if they were upon the road1 and walking down a hill1 or in a rough way1 he would read all the way2 and when they came at night to their inn1 he would still be studying till supper1 and frequently propose such difficulties as he met with1 to his governour40#ib ,while they were wintering at ,florence1 ,galileo died 8within a league of it40 ,they never saw him2 but they read and heard a great deal about the 8paradoxes of the great ,star ,gazer02 and ,robert carried away with him from ,italy an undying memory of the attitude of the ,romish ,church to scientific discovery4 ,galileo's paradoxes had been 8confuted0 by a decree from ,rome1 8perhaps because they could not be so otherwise02 and the ,pope had shown himself 8loth to have the stability of that earth questioned1 in which he had established his kingdom40 ,it was in ,florence that ,robert ,boyle heard the story told of the friars who reproached ,galileo with his blindness1 telling him it was 8a just punishment of heaven01 and of the sightless astronomer's memorable answer3 8,he had the satisfaction of not being blind till he had seen in heaven what never mortal eyes beheld before40 ,in ,florence1 ,marcombes and his pupils lodged in the same house with some 8,jewish ,rabbins10 from whom ,robyn learned a great deal about pre-,christian 8arguments and tenets40 ,frank1 perhaps1 was more interested in the carnaval1 and the ducal tilts1 and the gentlemen's balls1 to which both the brothers were invited4 ,and ,marcombes took good care of the ,earl's 8jewells01 though they were allowed to look open-eyed upon all the vice1 as well as the splendour1 of seventeenth-century ,italy3 8the impudent nakedness of vice0 ,robert called it then and afterwards4 ,he had never found1 he used to say1 8any such sermons against the things he then saw as they were against themselves40#ic ,in ,march #afdb they were in ,rome1 where it was thought safest for ,robert to pass for a ,frenchman4 ,english ,protestants were at the moment especially unpopular1 and ,master ,robyn was less willing than his brother ,frank to 8do at ,rome as the ,romans do40 ,rome itself indeed seems to have disappointed the young ,puritan4 ,after all his studies in ,latin history and literature1 it was a disappointment to find ,rome dominated1 not by victorious legions1 but by what he called 8present superstition40 ,he found ,modern ,popes where the ,ancient ,csars should have been1 and 8,barberine bees flying as high as did the ,roman ,eagle40 ,it was a come-down1 certainly2 but the little party did a good deal of sightseeing of the simple kind2 and they saw the ,pope and his ,cardinals in chapel1 and ,robyn's observant eyes watched a young churchman after the service 8upon his knees carefully with his feet sweep into his handkerchief0 the dust that had been consecrated by his ,holiness's feet4 ,robert ,boyle did not gather up any dust2 but he obtained and read the ,latin and ,tuscan poems written by this same ,pope4 8,a poet he was10 was ,robyn's verdict of ,pope ,urban ,,viii2 a poet--and some other things besides4 ,to escape the heat of ,rome they returned to ,florence1 by ,perugia and ,pistoia1 and thence by the river ,arno to ,pisa and ,livorno4 ,from ,livorno they coasted in a felucca1 drawing up their boat on shore every night and sleeping in some ,mediterranean townlet1 to ,genoa2 and so1 travelling by slow degrees1 by ,monaco1 ,mentone1 ,nice and ,antibes1 they reached ,marseilles in ,may #afdb4 ,at ,marseilles1 they expected to find letters from the ,earl of ,cork1 and bills of exchange to carry them on to ,paris4 ,hitherto1 though difficulties of transit had now and then arisen1 their quarterly allowance had been punctually sent4 ,the ,earl had allowed them #ejj a year in ,geneva1 and #ajjj a year while they were in ,italy2 and the money had always come to hand1 thanks to the combined activities of ,mr4 ,perkins the tailor1 ,mr4 ,philip ,burlamachy1 a certain ,mr4 ,castell1 8merchant stranger10 who travelled between ,england and ,geneva1 and1 last but not least1 ,mr4 ,diodato ,diodati1 the ,genevan banker4 ,once or twice while they were in ,italy letters had come from home1 and they knew vaguely that sinister things had been happening there4 ,and ,frank and ,betty wrote to each other3 ,betty was begging ,frank to come back to her1 and even threatening to come to him2 and so terror-struck was ,marcombes at the bare suggestion that he was looking 8very narrowly0 after poor ,frank4 ,he had of late been keeping ,frank very short of money1 lest he might do 8,i doe not kgnow what40 ,and then at ,marseilles1 even while they were idly waiting for their bills of exchange and watching the ,french ,king's galleys put to sea with about two thousand slaves tugging at the oars1 there came to ,francis and ,robyn1 and to ,marcombes too1 for that matter1 a rude awakening4 8,ye affaires of ye ,island0 had been going from bad to worse4 ,wentworth's tragic end was almost an old story in ,may #afdb1 so quickly had events been hurrying on4 ,he had got his earldom at last1 in ,january #afdj4 ,for one little year he was indeed ,earl of ,strafford and ,lord ,lieutenant of ,ireland2 he had headed the loan to ,king ,charles for the expenses of the second 8,bishops'0 ,war4 ,strafford was in the ,king's ,cabinet1 and the ,earl of ,cork had been made a ,privy ,councillor4 ,on ,april #ac1 #afdj1 the 8,short ,parliament0 had met1 and it had been dissolved on ,may #e--8the doleful ,tuesday1 when the ,parliament was dissolved before any ,act was passed40#id ,the ,earl and his family were back at ,stalbridge in ,july2 and now it was ,broghill's turn to raise 8a ,hundred ,horse for ,scotland10 and ,kynalmeaky and ,barrymore and ,george ,goring were all bound for the ,north in the second 8,bishops' ,war04 ,but by ,november the war was over1 and the ,parliament 7that was to be the ,long ,parliament7 had met4 ,on ,november #aa1 ,strafford was impeached and called to the ,bar of the ,house on his knees 78,i sitting in my place covered10 wrote the ,earl of ,cork in his diary72 and on ,november #be ,strafford was in the ,tower4 ,all through the ,london winter of #afdj1 and right on into the spring of #afda1 ,strafford and ,strafford's trial filled the minds of all men1 not in ,london only1 but throughout ,england1 ,scotland and ,ireland4 ,during those fateful months1 the diary gives one or two vivid glimpses of the ,earl's old enemy4 ,there is no description of the scenes in the ,houses1 or the trial itself in ,westminster ,hall2 the grim pageant of ,lords and ,commons2 the plates of meat and bottles of drink being handed from mouth to mouth2 the royalties in their little trellissed rooms2 the ,king apart1 8anxiously taking notes02 the ladies also1 moved by pity1 with paper1 pens and ink before them1 8discoursing upon the grounds of law and state0#ie4 ,none of these things finds a place in the diary4 ,the ,earl's old eyes were fixed upon ,strafford1 and ,strafford only3 ,strafford on his knees before the ,bar1 with his six attendant lawyers2 ,strafford bringing his answer--his 8#ah skins of parchment1 close-written0--into the ,house of ,peers2 ,strafford attempting1 in his own defence1 to 8blemish0 the ,earl of ,cork with 8accusations44440#if ,it was a grim time4 ,and yet1 such is human life1 while ,strafford was in the ,tower and the ,committee of the ,commons preparing his indictment1 all ,london was talking of my ,lord ,broghill's brilliant marriage with the ,lady ,margaret ,howard1 daughter of the late ,earl of ,suffolk1 in 8the ,lord ,daubigne's house in ,queenes street covent garden40#ig 8,at ,charing ,cross hard by the way ,where we 7thou knowst7 do sell our hay1 ,there is a house with stairs44440 ,there is no description of ,broghill's wedding from the ,earl of ,cork's pen2 but ,sir ,john ,suckling has left a very graphic account of it in his 8,ballad upon a ,wedding10 which1 it is said1 was hawked about the ,london streets at the time4#ih ,the bridegroom1 8pestilent fine10 walked on before all the rest3--,london had not forgotten the duel with ,mr4 ,thomas ,howard4 8,but wot you what8 the youth was going ,to make an end of all his wooing40 ,and the bride was a beautiful creature3 the blush on her cheek was like a ,catharine pear--8the side that's next the sun02 while her red underlip looked as if 8some bee had stung it newly40 8,her finger was so small the ring1 ,would not stay on which they did bring1 444 ,her feet beneath her petticoat1 ,like little mice1 stole in and out ,as if they feared the light40 ,this was the bride for whom ,broghill had forgotten ,mrs4 ,harrison and the duel in which nobody was hurt4 ,this was the beautiful 8,lady ,pegg10 who was to prove herself a woman 8beautiful in her person1 very moderate in her expences1 and plain in her garb2 serious and decent in her behaviour1 careful in her family1 and tender of her lord0#ii--nay1 more1 in ,broghill's after-life it is easy to see that he had not only a brave helpmeet1 but a clever one4 ,robert ,boyle himself has called her the 8great support1 ornament1 and comfort of her ,family40#ajj ,the old ,earl was in his place when1 after many long debates and 8sevral heerings01 ,strafford was sentenced to death--only eleven voices of all the ,lords declaring 8not content02 and on ,may #ab ,strafford--to whom the ,king had pledged his word that not a hair of his head should be touched--was beheaded on ,tower ,hill4 8,as he well deserved0 is the brief comment in the ,earl of ,cork's diary4 ,and what had the ,earl's young daughter1 the 8unrewly ,mary10 been doing8 ,she and ,frank's wife1 ,betty1 having spent the summer at ,stalbridge with the ,earl and his customary house-party1 were now back in town1 staying with ,lady ,dungarvan in her house in ,long ,acre4 ,betty had taken the measles1 and ,mary had promptly followed suit2 and they had both been packed off to another house in ,holborn4 ,charles ,rich had shown such anxiety about ,mary that the family's suspicions were at last aroused2 and ,betty's mamma1 very much afraid of the ,earl of ,cork1 had threatened to tell everything1 8and in a great heat and passion did that very night do it40#aja ,betty in the meantime contrived to give the lovers one more chance4 ,charles ,rich went down on his knees before the convalescent ,mary1 and remained in that attitude for two hours1 while ,betty kept guard at the door2 and 8so handsome did he express his passion0 that ,mary at last said 8yes40 ,the very next day ,broghill--himself a married man--carried his little sister off in disgrace to a very small house near ,hampton ,court which belonged to ,betty's sister1 ,mrs4 ,katharine ,killigrew2 and there for weeks ,mary lived in exile1 ,charles ,rich riding down daily to see her4 ,his father1 the ,earl of ,warwick1 and ,lord ,goring interceded with the old autocrat1 and at last their combined influence carried the day ,the ,earl saw1 8and was civil to10 ,mr4 ,charles ,rich1 and ,mary's portion was to be #gjjj4 ,it was now ,mary who went down on her knees before her father1 begging for his pardon4 ,the old man upbraided her1 shed some tears1 and told her to marry ,charles ,rich as soon as she liked4 ,it might be supposed that this was enough1 but no2--,mary ,boyle at sixteen had been 8always a great enemy to a public marriage40 ,she much preferred running away4 ,charles ,rich was quite willing1 and the young people were privately married on ,july #ba1 #afda1 in the little parish church of ,shepperton1 near ,hampton ,court4 ,and a few days later1 ,mary's elder sister1 the ,lady ,katharine ,jones1 too kind and too wise to be angry with so rare a thing as a love-match1 especially when the wedding was over1 accompanied the young couple in her carriage to the ,earl of ,warwick's house of ,leeze in ,essex1 and handed them over to the care of that patriarchal family4#ajb ,some of the ,cork family1--the ,barrymores1 and ,kynalmeaky1 without his wife1--seem to have been already in ,ireland in the autumn of #afda2 and the ,earl of ,cork was making his own preparations to return to ,lismore4 ,he had been buying six black horses and harnesses for his new light travelling coach1 a sedan chair lined with carnation velvet1 and a 8horslytter10 with two black stone coach-horses4 ,august is a hot month for 8feasting0 in any case1 and the summer of #afda had been particularly hot1 and the plague and smallpox were rife in ,london2 but in ,august the old ,earl had entertained at his ,cousin ,croone's at the ,nag's ,head ,tavern in ,cheapside all the ,lords1 ,knights1 and ,gentlemen of the ,committees of both ,houses of ,parliament for ,ireland2 and a few days later1 ,cousin ,croone1 at the ,nag's ,head1 had 8feasted0 his great kinsman the ,earl of ,cork4 ,during those last months also the ,earl had been busy settling his affairs3 there was the purchase of ,marston ,bigot in ,somersetshire for ,broghill and his wife1 and the purchase of the smaller ,devonshire estate of ,annarye1 and the settling of ,stalbridge on ,robert1 his ,benjamin4 ,there was the paying of debts and bonds and jointure moneys1 and the packing1 locking1 sealing and lettering of 8yron chestes0 and 8lyttle trunckes0 and 8lyttle boxes10 to be left behind in the care of various trusted friends4 ,among them were boxes of deeds and writings for ,frank1 to be left with ,betty's stepfather1 ,sir ,thomas ,stafford2 and at least two other boxes1 8fast sealed01 for ,robert1 one of them to be left with the ,earl's friend1 ,lord ,edward ,howard of ,escrick1 and the other1 containing duplicates1 with the ,earl's own cousin1 ,peter ,naylor1 the lawyer1 of ,new ,inn4 ,stalbridge was to belong to ,robert after the ,earl's death1 besides the ,irish lands already settled on him1 and a house specially built for him at ,fermoy4 ,and the old man had set his match-making old heart on a splendid marriage for ,robyn--with the ,lady ,ann ,howard1 the very young daughter of ,lord ,edward ,howard of ,escrick1 first cousin of 8,lady ,pegg40 ,one of the ,earl's last rides in ,england was with his son ,dungarvan to ,hatfield to take leave of the ,salisbury family2 and there also he saw 8my ,robyn's yonge ,mrs410 to whom on this occasion the ,earl presented 8a small gold ring with a diamond40 ,the last visit of all was to ,leeze in ,essex--carried there in ,charles ,rich's own coach--to bid good-bye to the beloved 8unrewly ,mary04 ,the last of the ,earl's many gifts in ,england appears to have been to an 8infirme cozyn0 of his own--a welcome gift from one old man to another--8a pott of ,sir ,walter ,raleigh's tobackoe40#ajc ,there were a good many leavetakings with ,english friends and kinsfolk between ,london and ,stalbridge1 and an almost royal progress from ,stalbridge by ,marston ,bigot--where he held a 8,court0--to the coast4 ,lady ,kynalmeaky had been persuaded to accompany her father-in-law to ,ireland1 and ,broghill and his wife crossed with them4 ,the ,dungarvans were1 apparently1 to follow shortly after4 ,youghal was reached on ,october #ag1 and a day or two later the ,earl and his family were at the ,house of ,lismore again4 ,the old biographers give a picturesque account of a great banquet at ,castle ,lyons in honour of the ,earl's home-coming4 ,they tell how1 while ,lord ,barrymore was feasting his guests1 the old ,earl was called out of the banqueting hall to see a messenger1 who1 in a few breathless1 horror-stricken words1 brought him tidings of the bloody outbreak of rebellion in ,munster4 ,a week or two later ,lord ,barrymore--the only one of the old ,irish nobility to remain absolutely loyal to the ,protestant cause--was buying ordnance for the defence of ,castle ,lyons4 ,lismore was being strengthened and stored with ordnance1 carbynes1 muskets1 ,gascoigne wines and aqua vit4 ,gunpowder and match were being bought in large quantities1 money was being paid out on every hand--the ,earl was 8maintaining0 everything and everybody--and money was getting ominously scarce4 ,in ,december1 ,lady ,kynalmeaky left ,ireland for the ,hague1 and ,kynalmeaky took over the charge of ,bandonbridge1 with a troop of horse and #ejj foot1 8all ,english ,protestants40 ,in ,january #afdb1 ,broghill was defending ,lismore with a troop of horse and #bjj 8good shot40 ,he was a dependable son3 8,my lord10 he wrote to his father1 8fear nothing for ,lismore1 for if it be lost it shall be with the life of him that begs your lordship's blessing1 and stiles him1 my lord1 your lordship's most humble1 most obliged1 and most dutiful son and servant1 ,broghill40 ,the old ,earl himself had undertaken to hold ,youghal1 to keep the command of that harbour1 and to 8preserve that towne02 and he was never to leave it4 ,the sheet-lead on the 8tarras0 of the old college was to be torn up to make 8case-shott0 for his ordnance4 ,pikes1 muskets1 halberds and 8brownbills0--everything in the shape of a weapon--were collected from ,devonshire and ,dorsetshire and everywhere else1 and the 8,mortall ,sowe0 was to play a great part in the defence of ,bandonbridge and ,lismore4 ,dungarvan1 at the head of #abjj foot1 was with the ,lord ,president4#ajd ,the ,protestant ladies had left1 or were leaving1 for ,england or the ,hague2 but ,dungarvan's wife and ,broghill's wife stayed as long as possible on the spot4#aje ,it was from ,lismore--just before the ,earl was sent to defend ,youghal--that he negotiated the bills of exchange to be sent through ,perkins1 the ,london tailor1 to ,marcombes3 the quarterly allowance of #bej for the three months from ,march #a to ,june #a1 #afdb4 ,and it was from ,youghal1 on ,march #i1 that he sent the letter--one of the finest and saddest appeals ever written by a father to his children--that was to greet ,marcombes and the boys on their arrival at ,marseilles4#ajf ,it is a long letter4 ,the ,earl had received their news from ,florence1 and was glad to hear of their health and proficiency2 but the thought of them1 and how hereafter they were to subsist1 was most grievous unto him-- 8,and now or never10 he wrote to ,marcombes1 8is the tyme for you to give yourself honour1 and to make me and them your faithfull friends for ever hereafter4 ,necessitie compells me to make you and them know the dangerous and poore estate whereunto1 by ,god's providence1 ,i am at this instant reduced40 ,an account of the outbreak and course of the ,rebellion follows2 of ,dungarvan's and ,kynalmeaky's and ,broghill's doings1 and of the ,earl's own position in ,youghal4 ,it was a case of about 8#bjj1jjj in armes and rebellion against a poor handful of ,british ,protestants40 ,he tells ,marcombes how in ,january he had scraped together with much difficulty--by selling of plate--the #bej for their quarterly allowance1 and made it over to be paid by ,mr4 ,perkins to ,mr4 ,castell4 ,so far he had punctually supplied them--8which longer to doe ,i am no waies able40 ,the #bej1 when they should receive it1 must be husbanded carefully1 and employed to bring both boys home again4 ,they must land at ,dublin1 ,cork1 or ,youghal4 ,if they cannot do this1 they must go to ,holland and serve under the ,prince of ,orange4 ,they must1 in any case1 manage to maintain themselves3 8for with inward greefe of soul ,i write this truth unto you that ,i am no longer able to supply them 444 but as ,i am compelled in my age to doe1 so must they in their younger yeares comend themselves4444 8,but if they serve ,god and be carefull and discreet in their carridge1 ,god will bless and provide for them as hitherto he hath done for me1 who began in the raising of my fortune by good endeavours2 without any assistance of parents and friends44440 ,and he knows ,marcombes is too generous to leave the boys1 8my two yong ,sonnes that are soe deere unto me10 till he can see them safely shipped for ,ireland or 8well entred in the warres of ,holland0--as they may desire and ,marcombes advise4 ,this1 then1 was the letter that ,marcombes and the two boys received at ,marseilles4 ,it was then ,may1 and the letter was dated ,march #i2 it was already two months old4 ,they must have looked blankly at each other4 ,how were they to carry out the ,earl's wishes8 ,how were they both1 without money1 to make their way home8 ,no bill of exchange had reached them3 ,mr4 ,perkins1 the ,london tailor1 had played them false4 ,it seems to have been arranged between them that ,frank1 the elder brother1 who at nineteen would be of some use at his father's side1 should1 with ,marcombes's assistance1 make his way as quickly as he could to ,ireland and to ,youghal4 ,there is no mention of ,betty in this moment of decision4 ,marcombes was evidently able to scrape together enough money out of what they still had to carry one of the boys home--and it was to be ,frank4 ,and ,robyn8 ,robyn at fifteen was an 8,eale0 still4 ,had ,marcombes sometimes exaggerated1 in his letters to the ,earl1 ,robyn's stature and strength8 ,the sequel will show4 ,poor ,carew1 in the ,eton days1 and ,marcombes himself1 wrote of ,robyn as a boy of sedentary habits1 and a little 8thicke40 ,if the truth must be told1 there was not much of the soldier in ,robert ,boyle4 ,he was the student1 thinker1 dreamer2 and he knew himself to be unqualified1 at fifteen1 8to be received among the troops40 ,and1 without money1 it was quite impossible to provide himself with the necessary 8equipage40 ,apparently they all three--,marcombes1 ,frank1 and ,robyn--went on as far as ,lyons2 and there it seems likely they parted3 ,frank in the saddle1 his horse's head turned towards ,ireland1 and ,robyn and ,marcombes returning in deep melancholy to ,geneva4 ,there ,robyn was to wait for further orders--to employ his time in learning to make 8an honourable living40 ,it is all told in his sad little letter1 written from ,lyons to the ,earl at ,youghal3 a letter which may have been carried to ,ireland in ,frank's pocket4 8,my most honoured ,lord and ,father1 ,having according to your ,lordship's order and directions seriously pondered and considered the present estate of our affairs1 we have not thought it expedient for divers reasons that my ,brother will tell your ,lordship by word of mouth that ,i should goe into ,holland2 for besides that ,i am already weary and broken with a long journey of above eight hundred miles1 ,i am as yet too weake to undertake so long a voyage in a strange country1 where when ,i arrive ,i know nobody and have little hope by reason of my youth to be received among the troops44440 ,he explains that the money had not come2 but ,m4 ,marcombes had offered to keep him at ,geneva till they should hear further from the ,earl1 8or till it pleased ,god to change the face of the affaires02 and ,robyn had gratefully accepted this offer4 ,he hoped to fit himself to defend his religion1 ,king1 and country1 8according to my little power4444 8444 ,if your ,lordship hath need of me in ,ireland1 ,i beseech your ,lordship to acquaint me therewith and to believe that ,i have never beene taught to abandon my parents in adversity1 but that there and in all other places ,i will always strive to shew myself an obedient sonne44440 ,frank1 he said1 was ready to take horse to 8goe towards ,ireland1 to secoure your ,lordship according to his power10 and would carry all their news4 ,and ,robert ends his letter-- 8,i most humbly take my leave1 commending your ,lordship and him and us all unto the protection of ,almighty ,god1 beseeching your ,lordship to believe that whatsoever misery or affliction it pleaseth ,god to send me ,i will never doe the least action unworthy of the honor that ,i have to be1 my ,lord1 your ,lordship's most dutiful and obedient son1 ,robert ,boyle40#ajg ,dr4 ,grosart1 in editing the ,lismore papers1 found the original letter much damaged1 a large piece of it having been torn away in the breaking of the seal4 ,the ,earl had evidently torn it open hastily in his anxiety to know what 8my ,robyn0 was going to do4 ,whether or no ,frank delivered the letter into his father's hands1 ,frank was certainly quickly back in ,ireland1 and very much on the spot4 ,by ,august #a ,robyn had received a letter from ,frank1 full of enthusiasm for ,kynalmeaky's conduct at home4 ,for ,kynalmeaky was in his element at last4 8,i have left ,sleeping in ye afternoone10 wrote ,kynalmeaky to his old father in ,youghal4 ,the son who had shown 8all the faults a prodigall inordinate young man can have1 which if he take not up in tyme will be his ruine and the breaking of my hart01 was redeeming himself4 ,kynalmeaky's wife 7the ,earl of ,cork always called her 8my deare deare daughter-in-law07 had not been able to live with her husband2 even the younger brothers must long ago have known what ,kynalmeaky was4 ,and now ,frank had written to tell ,robyn in ,geneva that ,kynalmeaky was acting like a hero4 ,and ,robyn1 so far away from home1 had written off on ,august #a a little letter of tender admiration to this elder brother1 who had set them every bad example and yet had kept such a place in their hearts4 ,on the margin of this letter ,robyn added a little boyish postscript--only to say he could not express in words what he was feeling1 and ending with 8,adieu1 ,dearest ,lewis1 idle ,cosin4 ,bon ,ann1 ,bon ,sol1 bon ,vespr4 ,adieue a ,di vous commande40 ,did ,kynalmeaky ever have this letter8 ,it was dated from ,geneva1 ,aug4 #a1 and it was endorsed by the ,earl of ,cork himself1 8from my sonn ,robert to his brother ,kynal4 ,rec4 #ac ,oct40 ,had it been sent to the ,earl1 with ,kynalmeaky's papers--or had it indeed come too late8 ,for the battle of ,liscarrol had been fought on ,sept4 #c4 ,the ,earl's loyal son-in-law1 ,lord ,barrymore1 and all the ,earl's sons except ,robert1 fought in that battle4#ajh ,and at the ,battle of ,liscarrol ,kynalmeaky was killed2 killed on his horse1 by a musket-shot through the head4 ,it was ,frank--the 8sweet-spirited ,frank10 fresh from the fencing and dancing and vaulting lessons in ,geneva and ,italy--who1 8carrying himself with undaunted resolution10 rescued his brother's body and horse1 and kept troop and foot together4 ,the old man did not know then which of these two sons to be proudest of4 ,it was a grim satisfaction to the ,earl1 after all that had passed1 when 8,kynal0 had been buried in ,lismore ,church1 to sit down and make that entry in his diary3 8,six of the rebell ensignes were carried to his widdoe40#aji ,robyn was to hear from his father once or twice after that4 ,the ,earl held out brave hopes of being able to procure some 8office0 for his boy 8at his coming over40 ,and he sent his own 8choice dun mare0 to ,lismore1 with orders that it was to be 8kept and drest carefully0 for ,robyn1 when ,god should send him home again4 ,and when ,broghill's wife1 8,lady ,pegg10 was at last obliged to return to ,england1 the old ,earl gave her a commission to buy for him a ring 8besett rownd with diamonds10 and to present it1 from him1 to her fair young cousin the little ,lady ,ann ,howard1 whom he thought of always1 even in those dark days1 as 8my ,robyn's yonge ,mrs40 ,there is something ,shakespearean in the mood in which this old fighter lived his last months and drew his last breath4 ,shut up in ,youghal1 8preserving0 that town for his ,king1 his sons away fighting1 his daughters and grandchildren scattered1 ,kynalmeaky and ,barrymore dead1 and poor ,lettice dying1#aaj his lands despoiled1 his fortune vanished1 he was still the great ,earl of ,cork1 the head of a great family1 the old man of action and experience1 the ,elizabethan soldier-statesman to whom the younger men1 statesmen and kinsmen alike1 turned in this hour of extremity1 and not in vain4 ,there is nothing stronger or more human of its kind1 or more characteristic of the man1 than the positively last will and testament made by himself in ,youghal so late as ,november #afdb1 ten months before his death4#aaa ,the end came1 nobody knows exactly when1 but about the very time of the signing of the truce at ,sigginstown1 in the middle of ,september #afdc1 8from infirmities incident to old age1 and the want of rest and quiet40 ,he was buried in the great tomb at ,youghal4 ,all his life he had believed in three things3 in ,god's ,providence1 his own integrity of purpose1 and the righteousness of a ,cause4 ,and in the debacle--in his and ,ireland's darkest moment1 when the clouds hung low over his native land and the land of his adoption--his belief in these three things remained unmoved4 ,shakespeare has told us how ,faith and ,uncertainty go hand in hand-- 8,if it be now1 'tis not to come2 if it be not to come1 it will be now3 if it be not now1 yet it will come44440 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,in ,,england ,,again 8,and though his boiling youth did often very earnestly solicit to be employed in those culpable delights that are useful#aab in and seem so proper for that season1 and have repentance adjourned till old age1 yet did its importunities meet ever with denials1 ,philaretus ever esteeming that piety was to be embraced not so much to gain heaven1 as to serve ,god with44440--,,robert ,,boyle',s ,philaretus4 ,in the summer of #afdd1 a slim1 sunburnt1 foreign-looking youth came back into the ,london he had left when he was quite a little fellow1 nearly five years before4 ,even now1 he was not yet eighteen1 and he was still an 8,eale04 ,none of his family expected his return2 he had little or no money in his purse1 and but vague ideas as to what he was going to do next4 ,how things had changed6 ,where were the ,king and ,queen1 whose hands ,frank and he had kissed8 ,and the gay ,court that had clustered about them8 ,and his ,father6 ,there was no 8,great ,earl of ,cork0 any more2 no 8greatest family in all ,london10 living 8extraordinarily high10 in the ,house of the ,savoy2 no child weddings in the royal chapel at ,whitehall4 ,what had become of ,frank's wedding shoes1 that had been lent afterwards to poor ,kynalmeaky8 ,there can have been little but troops1 and talk of troops1 on the dusty summer roads1 as ,robert ,boyle came towards ,london2 and the quick1 hot jargon of names and phrases that was in all men's mouths--the political idiom of the moment--must have been doubly difficult to understand by the boy who had so long been living in studious exile1 speaking 8all and allwayes ,french10 and breathing an atmosphere of profound peace--8the storme having been driving another way40 ,as he neared ,london1 ,robyn's thoughts must have been still with the ,marcombes household1 till so recently his home1 and the little circle of learned and pleasant ,genevan friends whom he had left behind him4 ,for ,marcombes had more than fulfilled his trust4 ,no remittances had come to ,robert ,boyle since the old ,earl wrote that letter to ,marcombes in ,march #afdb4 ,the boy had been running up a big debt1 of money and gratitude alike1 to his governour3 8,as for me10 he had written to his brother ,kynalmeaky about ,marcombes 7the old letter is scarcely decipherable in parts71 8he hath so much obliged me the 444 despaire of ever being able to desingage myselfe of so many and so greate 444 that ,i have unto him40#aac ,and when at last1 eight or nine months after the ,earl's death1 ,robyn1 chafing in his idleness and exile1 made up his mind to break from his surroundings and find his way home somehow1 ,marcombes had used his own interest in ,geneva to 8take up0 for his pupil 8some slight jewels at a reasonable rate10 by the sale of which1 from place to place1 the boy might pay his way back to ,london4 ,and now he was there2 and the life of the little ,swiss ,university town lay behind him1 too recent to be forgotten3 the life of a 8well-fortified city10 with the great ,gothic fabric of a ,cathedral in its midst1 on one of whose four cannon-mounted turrets there stood 8a continual ,sentinel40 ,it was a ,cathedral1 of course1 no longer4 ,it was there that the celebrated ,dr4 ,john ,diodati1 and the brilliant young ,professor ,morice better known as ,alexander ,morus1 8poet and chief professor of the ,university10 discoursed eloquently after the discipline of ,calvin and ,beza4#aad ,dr4 ,diodati preached on ,thursdays in ,italian to his ,italian ,protestant ,congregation1 and on ,sundays in ,french1 with his hat on1 after the 8,french mode40 ,dr4 ,diodati lived at the ,villa ,diodati1 on the south bank of the lake1 two miles out of the city3 the old ,bishop's ,palace was now the prison4 ,the ,university was a 8faire structure10 with its class-rooms1 its hall1 and its excellent library4 ,and ,divines and ,professors1 in their gowns and caps and hats1 flitted about the wooden-arcaded streets4 ,there was an 8aboundance of bookesellers02 and good screwed guns and ,geneva watches1 pewter and cutlery1 were to be bought2 and amongst the hoary relics of ,julius ,csar and a pagan ,rome there stood the ,town ,hall1 with the ,cross ,keys1 and the ,city ,motto3 ,post ,tenebras ,lux4#aae ,the only ,campus ,martius that ,robyn had ever known had been the fields outside ,geneva1 where every ,sunday after the evening devotions the young townsmen were allowed to exercise their arms1 practising diligently with the gun and the long and cross bows1 for prizes of pewter plates and dishes4 ,robert ,boyle had brought his bows and arrows back with him to ,london4 ,he must have practised with the rest1 as ,john ,evelyn did two years later1 on that peaceful ,champs de ,mars1 and played with the rest on its 8noble ,pall ,mall40 ,he had known the gardens of rare tulips and other choice flowers outside the earthen fortifications1 and he must have seen ,geneva also in its sterner moods4 ,for that same 8,mars' ,field0 was the place of public execution2 and in ,geneva there was then no hospitality of extradition-law4 ,capital crime in other countries was capital crime there4 ,fugitives from other countries were put to death in the sunshine of that spacious field2 and for the ,genevans1 by ,genevan law1 adultery was death4#aaf ,but ,geneva and its ,mars' ,field lay behind him4 ,and in front8 ,robert ,boyle must have heard something of what had been happening at home4 ,accounts had reached him from time to time of the 8dreadful confusion of affairs0 in ,england1 ,ireland and ,scotland4 ,during those last two years in ,geneva he must have heard all kinds of rumours of the struggle that was going on between the ,parliament and the ,crown1 between the ,prelates and the ,presbyterians4 ,his friends in ,geneva must have talked of the ,solemn ,league and ,covenant1 and the ,great ,assembly of ,divines that was meeting in ,westminster2 and of ,archbishop ,laud1 then still alive1 still in prison1 his trial still deferred4 ,but it takes seeing to realise civil war4 ,when ,robyn arrived in ,england it was to find a kingdom in arms against itself1 a nation divided into two great opposing armies2 husbands and wives taking different sides1 fathers and sons in opposite camps1 brother against brother4 ,the king's headquarters were at ,oxford2 ,prince ,rupert with his ,royalist army was in ,lancashire4 ,york was defended by the ,marquis of ,newcastle against the combined ,parliamentarian forces under ,manchester1 ,fairfax and ,cromwell4 ,robert ,boyle had arrived in ,england almost on the eve of the battle of ,marston ,moor4 ,and what to do8 ,there was only one thing at this moment that the great ,earl's ,benjamin could think of doing4 ,he was no soldier1 this dreamy youth1 with his books and his bows and arrows2 but force of heredity--a kind of force of inertia--would have carried him into the ,royalist camp4 ,his brothers were all soldiers2 though it is doubtful if he knew1 when he came home1 where they were and what they were doing4 ,the very politics of the various members of this scattered family1 the 8sides0 they were taking in the quick march of political events1 must have been a puzzle to him4 ,and so it was ,robert ,boyle's intention to join the army1 where he told himself he would find1 besides his brothers1 8the excellent ,king himself1 divers eminent divines1 and many worthy persons of several ranks40 ,but he knew also that 8the generality of those he would have been obliged to converse with were very debauched1 and apt1 as well as inclinable1 to make others so40 ,if ,robert ,boyle had joined the ,king's army6 ,it is difficult to think of him in 8armor of prooff10 and quite impossible to picture him as a laughing ,cavalier4 ,he disliked 8customary swearing02 he drank water2 he did not smoke2 he dearly loved to point a moral2 and he never adorned a tale4 ,it is certain no officers' mess would have endured him for ten minutes1 in the rle either of sceptical chymist or of ,christian virtuoso4 ,and what would have become of the ,invisible ,college1 and the ,royal ,society8 ,but1 fortunately for them1 for him1 and for posterity1 it was to be ordered otherwise4 ,it happened that his sister ,katherine1 now1 since the death of her father-in-law1#aag ,lady ,ranelagh1 was in the summer of #afdd actually living in ,london1 and 8it was by an accident0 that ,robyn found her out2 an accident to which he used afterwards to ascribe 8a good part of his future happiness40 ,in later years1 when ,robert ,boyle was giving ,bishop ,burnet some of the facts of his life for an intended biography1 he did not mention what the 8accident0 was4 ,perhaps1 so soon after the ,restoration1 he had still reason to be discreet in the use of names2 for ,lady ,ranelagh1 in the summer of #afdd1 was very much among the ,parliamentarians4 ,in the light of after events1 one or two possibilities suggest themselves1 if it be forgivable in anything concerning an experimental chemist to indulge in speculation4 ,marcombes must surely have furnished ,robyn with letters to persons in ,london who would be of practical help to the boy on his arrival4 ,who were they8 ,mr4 ,perkins the tailor had proved perfidious1 and was out of the question4 ,there were ,peter ,naylor1 the lawyer-cousin in ,new ,inn1 and ,cousin ,croone of the ,nag's ,head1 and ,philip ,burlamachy1 once ,lord ,mayor1 with whom the old ,earl had done so much business1 and who was also a relation of the ,diodati family1 ,dr4 ,john ,diodati's wife being a ,burlamachy4 ,but it could scarcely be called an accident if in a business call on any of these ,robyn had obtained his sister's address4 ,it must have been some chance meeting with1 or news of1 her in some unexpected quarter4 ,other men there were to whom the boy may well have carried letters from ,marcombes or his ,genevan friends4 ,there was ,dr4 ,theodore ,diodati1 the ,london physician--brother of ,dr4 ,john in ,geneva1--who knew a great many people in ,london2 and there was ,samuel ,hartlib1 the naturalised ,german1 the merchant-philanthropist who knew everybody and whom everybody knew4 ,and there was ,milton himself1 a friend of the ,diodati family in ,geneva1 and a friend also of ,dr4 ,theodore ,diodati and ,mr4 ,hartlib4 ,dr4 ,theodore ,diodati lived in the parish of ,st4 ,bartholomew the ,less1 not far from ,milton's house in ,aldersgate ,street1 and ,hartlib was living in ,duke's ,place1 ,aldgate4 ,he was a man with many hobbies and interests1 and a large correspondence4 ,he conducted1 in fact1 8a general news agency10 and must have been as well known in ,geneva as in ,london from his connexion with ,durie and the great project of a union of all the ,protestant ,churches of ,europe1 and for his friendship with ,comenius1 and his active part in the scheme which the ,english ,parliament was then itself taking up of a reform1 on ,baconian lines1 of the ,english ,universities and ,public ,schools4 ,it is certain that ,hartlib was one of ,robert ,boyle's earliest friends in ,london2 that ,hartlib and ,milton were intimate1 and that ,milton had first addressed his ,tract on ,education to ,hartlib4 ,and it is difficult to believe that ,milton was unknown--by name at least--to ,robert ,boyle4 ,for ,milton had been in ,geneva in the summer of #afci1 just before ,frank and ,robyn went there4 ,milton's great friend ,charles ,diodati was the son of ,dr4 ,theodore in ,london and the nephew of ,dr4 ,john of ,geneva2 and when ,milton passed through ,geneva on his way home from his ,italian tour ,dr4 ,john had been very hospitable to him4 ,milton had been an honoured guest at the ,villa ,diodati1 and it is supposed that he heard there the news of ,charles ,diodati's death4 ,even if ,robyn had not met ,milton at ,sir ,henry ,wotton's table when ,milton dined at ,eton1 he may well have heard in ,geneva all about ,charles ,diodati and ,john ,milton1 and the ,epitaphium ,damonis--the ,latin poem that ,milton wrote on his return home1 in memory of his dead friend4 ,and it is probable he knew of ,comus1 acted by the ,bridgewater family1 and of ,lycidas also1 and ,milton's friendship for ,edward ,king1 the brilliant young ,irishman1 whose relatives in ,ireland must have been well known to the ,boyle family4 ,robyn may well have read the ,epitaphium ,damonis in the ,villa ,diodati2 and in the house of the ,italian teacher and refugee1 ,count ,cerdogni1 he may have looked through the famous autograph album in which ,milton had written the words 7of which ,robyn would certainly have approved7-- 8,if ,vertue feeble were1 ,heaven itself would stoop to her40 ,it is not so certain that ,milton's prose would have pleased the boy2--the church-politics1 the anti-episcopal pamphlets1 and the divorce tract that had recently been the topic of conversation in ,london4 ,there is no trace of a personal friendship between ,milton and ,robert ,boyle4 ,their paths constantly crossed1 but they were to walk apart4 ,boyle deplored religious controversy1 and did not sympathise with the sects and sectaries4 ,and yet it is here that the possibility of the 8accident0 comes in4 ,for ,lady ,ranelagh was a very progressive ,puritan1 whose interests were already bound up with the ,parliamentarian ,party and its reforms4 ,she must have known ,milton well personally or by reputation at this time1 and she can have had no bad opinion of him or his prose-writings1 or she would not have sent1 as she did1 her own nephew1 young ,lord ,barrymore1 to be one of ,milton's pupils4 ,barrymore1 only four years younger than ,robert ,boyle1 was one of ,milton's resident pupils when1 in ,september #afde1 ,milton removed from ,aldersgate ,street into a larger house in ,barbican with the purpose of being able to board a larger number of boys4 ,lady ,ranelagh was later on to send her own boy1 ,dick ,jones1 to be taught by ,milton2 her friendship for ,milton was to endure through many troublous years2 in his own words she stood 8in place of all kith and kin0#aah to him in his blindness and solitude2 and her good offices seem not to have stopped even there4 ,may it have been through this ,diodati-,milton-,hartlib connexion that ,robert ,boyle and his sister ,ranelagh were brought together8 ,but ,london was not so large a place in #afdd4 ,cousin ,croone was presumably still at the ,nag's ,head in ,cheapside1 and people met in ,cheapside in those days4 ,had not ,dr4 ,john ,diodati himself1 on his one visit to ,london in #afbg1 run up against the very man he most wanted to meet--,mr4 ,bedell1 afterwards the ,bishop--in ,cheapside8 ,whatever the 8accident0 was1 ,lady ,ranelagh received her young brother with open arms4 ,her address in that summer of #afdd still remains uncertain1 though not long afterwards she seems to have been living in the house in the ,old ,mall which was to be her home to the end of her life4#aai ,it may have been in ,pall ,mall that ,robyn came knocking at his sister's door4 ,lord ,ranelagh--he had taken his seat in the ,house of ,peers in ,february #afdd--was probably in ,ireland1 for there is no mention of him as one of the family circle at this time2 and the husband and wife1 as the years went on1 had lived more and more apart4 ,lord ,ranelagh1 who had run through his own and his wife's money1 lived in ,ireland1 and ,lady ,ranelagh in ,london4 ,she was in the receipt1 for some reason unexplained1 of a pension from ,government of #d a week1 and was otherwise helped by the members of her own family4 ,for nearly five months1 ,robert ,boyle lived with his sister and her young children1#abj and a strongly ,parliamentarian sister-in-law--wife of a member of the ,house of ,commons4#aba ,and ,mary1 8my ,lady ,molkin10 as ,robyn calls her1 now ,charles ,rich's wife1 and daughter-in-law of the great ,earl of ,warwick1 was not far off1 whether at ,warwick ,house in ,holborn1 or at 8delicious ,leeze0 in ,essex4 ,mary had had her troubles1 since her romantic marriage three years before4 ,she had lost her first baby1 a little girl1 when it was 8one year and a quarter old10#abb and her second child1 a boy1 had been born just at the dark time of the old ,earl's death4 ,charles ,rich had kept back the bad news till his young wife was 8up again40#abc ,in his sister's house1 ,robert ,boyle found himself in the very thick of the ,parliamentarian interests4 ,she was still a young woman--only thirty--and a very clever woman1 highly educated for her time1 and popular by reason of her 8universal affability40 ,in her house1 ,robyn came to know1 as real friends1 8some of the great men of that ,party1 which was then growing1 and soon after victorious40#abd ,her house was1 in fact1 even then1 a rendezvous of the ,parliamentarian ,party4 ,and what a vehemently interesting time it was1 in ,london6 ,both ,houses were sitting3 the ,westminster ,assembly was busy with the new ,directory of ,worship and the new frame of ,church ,government4 ,in ,september1 ,essex was beaten by the ,king's forces in ,cornwall2 and ,manchester and ,cromwell were back in ,london from the north4 ,during the last weeks of ,robert ,boyle's sojourn under his sister's roof1 the talk must have been all of1 if not with1 ,manchester and ,cromwell1 and of ,cromwell's 8,toleration ,order0 and the abolition of the use of the ,prayer ,book4 ,in ,october the ,king was moving back to ,oxford1 and there was fought the second battle of ,newbury4 ,and now the thoughts of the ,parliament men were veering round from ,church ,government to ,army ,reform2 and towards the end of that year1 the talk was of ,cromwell's 8,self-denying ,ordinance0 and the great changes it would carry with it2 and of the new modelling of the ,army--the 8new noddle0 as the scoffers called it4 ,and all the time ,hartlib1 in ,aldgate1 was immersed in his social and educational schemes2 and ,milton1 in ,aldersgate ,street1 was teaching his boys and writing his second divorce tract and his ,areopagitica2 and all the time ,laud was lying in the ,tower1 his trial dragging wearily on4 ,what did ,robert ,boyle think of it all after the profound peace of ,geneva8 ,whatever was in his thoughts at this time--and it is very certain ,robert ,boyle had no intention of giving up the ,book of ,common ,prayer1 or any book he might wish to keep--there was no more talk of joining the ,king's ,army2 and when at last1 towards the end of the year1 the state of the roads south-west of ,london permitted it1 it was under a ,parliamentarian escort that the young ,squire found his way into ,dorsetshire1 to take possession of his own ,manor of ,stalbridge4 ,through his sister's influence with her ,parliamentarian friends1 ,robyn had got 8early protection for his ,english and ,irish estates40 ,even with this protection1 there were difficulties in front of him4 ,there must have been a sadness about his solitary return to the ,manor1 empty except for the child-memories of five years before4 ,the fair chimney-pieces and carved balustrades1 the beautiful rose-coloured furniture 8hastened home0 for those great house-parties of #afci--must have talked to him of a chapter of his life wiped out for ever4 ,what things had happened there6 ,there was the arrival of ,mary's suitor1 and ,mary's high averseness and contradiction1 and the young man's discomfiture and departure to the ,bath3 ,mary was the same imperious little woman now1 as then2 she now had a 8high averseness0 to ,charles ,rich's 8engaging in the wars40 ,here poor ,lettice had drooped and complained1 and ,george ,goring1 with his wounded leg1 had limped up and down stairs4 ,then there was the 8private discourse0 in the ,stalbridge parlour1 that had settled poor ,frank's fate3 ,betty had refused to live with the old ,earl after ,mary's marriage1 and had gone her own way2 she was now1 nominally with the ,staffords1 at ,the ,hague1 the gay little courtier that she was1 a ,killigrew all over6444 ,there were the paths where ,mr4 ,dowch had discoursed ,latin ,syntax1 and where ,robyn had first come to know the cheerful and choleric ,marcombes1 as they talked in 8familiar ,french0 about all the ,european cities they were going to see4 ,through these gates ,frank and ,robyn had come 8home0 after the years at ,eton--the 8blew-perpetuana0 curtains following duly4 ,through these gates1 he and ,frank and ,marcombes had passed1 on that memorable journey to ,london1 where ,frank was to 8make his addresses0 to ,betty in the ,savoy4 ,all round him lay the fields where he had dreamed1 and the orchards of which he had been so proud to possess the keys4 ,and it was all his own1 now--all empty and neglected3 8my own ruined cottage in the country03#abe a depressing place for a boy of eighteen to return alone to4 ,one of the first events of the new year1 #afde1 the news of which could have reached ,stalbridge was the execution of ,laud on ,tower ,hill4 ,nobody could have been very glad to see ,robert ,boyle come back again2 least of all ,tom ,murray1 whom the old ,earl had left in charge1 and who proved himself to have been1 during his reign there1 as untrustworthy as ,mr4 ,perkins the ,london tailor4 8,the roguery of ,tom ,murray0 was one of the first difficulties that faced the young squire4 ,two other pieces of business1 however1 could have admitted of no delay4 ,marcombes was to be repaid2 and partly to that end1 apparently1 in ,august #afde1 as soon as ,robert ,boyle could put his hands on some of his own money1 he set out from ,stalbridge1 8the necessities of my affairs10 as he explained in a letter to his brother ,broghill1 8calling me away 7according to the leave the ,parliament has given me7 into ,france40#abf ,by ,august #afde1 the ,new ,model had done extraordinary things4 ,in the spring1 ,cromwell and ,waller had been in the west of ,england4 ,naseby had been fought in ,june1 and the ,king's private correspondence taken and published4 ,in ,july1 ,george ,goring had been badly beaten in the west2 ,bath had surrendered on ,july #cj4 ,was ,robert ,boyle still at ,stalbridge on ,august #ae1 when ,sherborne ,castle was stormed and battered--,sherborne ,castle1 where the old ,earl and his sons had killed that buck and dined the very day that ,lady ,ranelagh's baby had been born8 ,probably not4 ,it was probably wise that he should absent himself1 8according to the leave the ,parliament had given him40 ,at any rate1 he was well away from ,english shores again when on ,september #aj there came 8the splendid success of the storming of ,bristol40#abg ,it is not known if ,robert ,boyle went so far as ,geneva1 or whether he actually saw his old governour again2 but in any case his visit was a brief one4 ,his business was done1 and he was back in ,london before the end of that year1 staying with ,lady ,ranelagh1 and able to attend to the other business that remained to be done--if indeed it had not been done before he left ,stalbridge in ,august4 ,there were1 it will be remembered1 certain deeds in a sealed box left by the old ,earl in the hands of ,mr4 ,peter ,naylor of ,new ,inn4 ,but they were duplicates4 ,the originals had been left with ,lord ,howard of ,escrick1 the father of 8,my ,robyn's yonge ,mrs40 and the uncle of ,broghill's wife1 ,lady ,pegg4 ,they embodied the old ,earl's last effort in family match-making2 a fitting match for the youngest son of the great ,earl of ,cork1 which would further unite the families of ,cecil1 ,howard1 and ,boyle2 already intermarried1 as ,broghill's wife was a niece of ,lord ,edward ,howard1 ,lady ,salisbury his sister1 and ,lady ,dungarvan's mother a ,cecil4 ,the old ,earl had done his very best for his ,benjamin4 ,and it is a mistake to suppose it probable that the children had never met4 ,they may very well have made shy advances to one another during those weeks in the autumn of #afci when ,frank and ,robyn were in ,london1 just before ,frank's wedding4 ,the ,house of the ,savoy and ,salisbury ,house were very near each other2 the families were often together2 and little ,ann ,howard--her mother dead--was often with ,lady ,salisbury4 ,the two children may even have made a pretty and much-admired pair at ,frank's wedding in ,whitehall1 and hence may have come the old ,earl's confident 8,my ,robyn's yonge ,mrs40 ,but there it had ended3 the children1 if they met then1 had never seen each other since2 and in five years they had both grown up4 ,it was in #afdb that the old ,earl commissioned ,lady ,pegg to carry to her little cousin the ring 8besett rownd with diamonds02 but now it was #afde1 and many things had happened4 ,the vast ,irish estates had been devastated in the ,rebellion4 ,dorsetshire had been scourged by civil war2 and ,robyn had come back penniless and foreign-looking from ,geneva1 and was returning to his 8ruined cottage in the country0 to examine and administer his disordered affairs as best he could4 ,a boy of eighteen1 ,robert ,boyle had come back heart-whole4 ,evelyn has left it on record that there were very few fair ladies in ,geneva1 when he and ,captain ,wray#abh and the poet ,waller stopped there on their homeward journey1 in #afdf4 8,this towne10 wrote ,evelyn1 8is not much celebrated for beautifull women1 for even at this distance from the ,alps the gentlewomen have something full throats2 but our ,captain ,wray 444 fell so mightily in love with one of ,mons4 ,saladine's#abi daughters that with much persuasion he could not be persuaded to think on his journey into ,france40 ,robert ,boyle had not fallen in love with any of ,m4 ,saladine's daughters2 and his views on the subject of marriage would scarcely have been understood by ,captain ,wray4 8,marriage10 wrote ,robert ,boyle from ,stalbridge when he was scarcely twenty1 8is not a bare present1 but a legal exchange of hearts2--and the same contract that gives you right to another's1 ties you to look upon your own as another's goods1 and too surely made over to remain any longer in your gift40 ,curiously enough1 8my ,robyn's yonge ,mrs40 had already come1 by an even shorter process of reasoning1 to the same conclusion4 ,the ,lady ,ann ,howard was a particular girl-friend of ,anne ,murray#acj--;a daughter of that ,murray who had been ,provost of ,eton before ,sir ,henry ,wotton4 ,lady ,ann ,howard often stayed with the widowed ,mrs4 ,murray and her daughter in their house in ,st4 ,martin's ,lane2 and during the summer months of #afdd the two girls were constantly together at the house of ,anne ,murray's elder sister1 ,lady ,newton1 at ,charlton in ,kent4 ,it was a house surrounded by a garden with quiet walks in it4 ,lord ,howard of ,escrick's eldest son1 brother of 8,my ,robyn's yonge ,mrs410 was often there1 for he was in love with ,anne ,murray2 and ,mr4 ,charles ,howard--a young cousin of the ,howards--was often there too1 for he was in love with his cousin1 ,lady ,ann4 ,anne ,murray has left a pretty description of the love-making that went on in that garden4 ,they called it amour in those days1 and they were all ridiculously young4 ,lord ,howard of ,escrick1 the father1 was a ,parliamentarian1 and at this time very busy as one of the ten ,lords who were lay members of the ,westminster ,assembly2 but he was not too busy to come and fetch away his son and daughter when he heard what was going on4 ,the four young people had been very happy in that garden4 ,anne ,murray has described how once ,charles ,howard took his fair cousin by the hand1 and 8led her into another walke1 and left him and ,i together40 8,him0 was ,lord ,howard of ,escrick's son and heir1 who straightway proposed to 8,i40 ,but ,anne ,murray was not allowed to say 8yes02 her mother shut her up1 and she was fed on bread and water4 ,with the ,lady ,ann and ,charles ,howard it was quite different4 ,the boy-cousin can have had no reason to conceal his feelings1 unless indeed it were the prior claim of the absent ,robyn4 ,charles ,howard's brilliant career may be read in any ,peerage4 ,he was a soldier and a man of parts at sixteen4 ,he was to serve ,cromwell and to become one of ,cromwell's ,lords1 and to be created ,earl of ,carlisle at the coronation of ,charles ,,ii4 ,he was the 8finest gentleman02 and he won his cousin ,ann1 who was 8,my ,robyn's yonge ,mrs40 ,robert ,boyle also seems to have acted his part as became 8a very parfit gentle knight0 and the old ,earl's ,benjamin4 ,there can be little doubt that a passage in an undated letter from ,lady ,ranelagh to her brother belongs to this period1 and ends1 for him1 the episode4 8,you are now10 she says1 8very near the hour wherein your mistress is1 by giving herself to another1 to set you at liberty from all the appearances you have put on of being a lover2 which1 though they cost you some pains and use of art1 were easier1 because they were but appearances40#aca ,the ,howard cousins1 ,mr4 ,charles ,howard and the ,lady ,ann1 must have been married very shortly after1 if not before1 ,robert ,boyle returned from his flying visit to ,france at the end of #afde4 ,the box of deeds left with ,lord ,howard of ,escrick must have come back into ,robyn's hands4 ,the little lady was to pass out of his life almost before she can be said to have entered it4 ,twenty years afterwards the ,lady ,ann was still a young woman1 though she was the mother of grown-up children1 when ,mr4 ,pepys made the entry in his diary3 8,i to church3 and in our pew there sat a great lady1 whom ,i afterwards understood to be my ,lady ,carlisle1 a very fine woman indeed in person40 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,the ,,deare ,,squire 8444 ,when a ,navigator suddenly spies an unknown ,vessel afar off1 before he has hail'd her1 he can scarcely1 if at all1 conclude what he shall learn by her1 and he may from a ,ship that he finds perhaps on some remoter coast of ,africa1 or the ,indies1 meet with ,informations concerning his own ,country and affairs2 ,and thus sometimes a little ,flower may point us to the ,sun1 and by casting our eyes down to our feet1 we may in the water see those ,stars that shine in the ,firmament or highest visible ,heaven40--,,robert ,,boyle3 ,occasional ,reflections on ,several ,subjects4 ,it was in ,march #afdf that ,robert ,boyle once more set out from ,london to ride into ,dorsetshire4 ,the ,manor of ,stalbridge was to be his home for the next five or six years4 ,what fate had overtaken the ,earl's choice dun mare that waited at ,lismore for ,robyn's home-coming8 ,the old order had changed2 and it was on a borrowed courser1 8none of the freest of his legs10 that ,robert ,boyle made the journey4 ,lord ,broghill was with him1 and they had the company of a ,states-,messenger1 who was travelling the same way4 ,the account of their long ride1 by ,farnham and ,winchester and over ,salisbury ,plain is a little romance in itself4#acb ,the war was drawing to an end4 ,the ,king was again at ,oxford3--it was not long before his escape1 in disguise1 to the ,scots at ,newcastle4 ,the new-modelled ,army had very nearly completed its work of conquest in the south-west4 ,the ,cavaliers were out between ,egham and ,farnham1 but the travellers dodged them4#acc ,farnham was deserted--8all the townsmen having gone to oppose the ,king's ,army40 ,robert ,boyle almost lost himself in meditation1 8invited by the coolness of the evening and the freshness of the garden10 in which he walked up and down waiting for his supper4 ,the travellers supped1 and retired quietly to bed2 and it was not till the dead of night that they were roused by a thundering at the chamber door4 ,robyn slept in his clothes and stockings3 8my usual night-posture when ,i travel40 ,he produced his bilboa from under his pillow1 and a pistol from one of his holsters2 his bows and arrows were not far off4 ,but it turned out to be only the town-constable with a group of musketeers1 in search of somebody else4 8,away went my gentleman10 wrote ,robyn gaily to his sister1 8in prosecution of his search2 and ,i even took my bows and arrows and went to sleep40 ,they dined next day at ,winchester1 and lay that night at ,salisbury2 and there ,robyn overtook his trunks1 which had been sent on in front of him4 ,in the middle of ,salisbury ,plain they were surrounded by a party of horse1 who would have searched them for 8,malignant ,letters0 such as 8use to be about the ,king's ,picture in a ,yellow-,boy40#acd ,but the ,states-,messenger carried them safely through1 and they rode on1 past weary troops of foot1 8poor pressed countrymen10 goaded on by the party of horse4 8,amongst them10 wrote ,robert ,boyle1 8,i saw one poor rogue1 lacqueyed by his wife1 and carrying a child upon his shoulders40 ,even then1 as now1 8new models0 leave much to be desired4 ,in spite of his bilboa and pistols1 ,robert ,boyle hated the sight of war4 8,good ,god60 he wrote1 8that reasonable creatures1 that call themselves ,christians too1 should delight in such an unnatural thing as war1 where cruelty at least becomes necessity44440 ,he reached ,stalbridge in safety2 but the weather had broken1 and was wretchedly cold4 8,we all suspect the almanac-maker of a mistake in setting down ,march instead of ,january40 ,the bad weather kept him indoors1 and was 8so drooping that it dulls me to all kinds of useful study40 ,even his country neighbours were prevented from making their usual 8visitations40 ,robert ,boyle was depressed3 ,stalbridge was not so lively as ,london4 8,my stay here10 he says1 8,god willing1 shall not be long40 ,there were still troops in the neighbourhood1 and the plague had 8begun to revive again02 there had been cases at ,bristol1 and at ,yeovil1 only six miles off4 ,dorsetshire was suffering from 8fits of the ,committee02#ace and at the ,manor itself there were many calls on the ,squire's slender purse4 ,this had for the time been replenished by one of his brothers2 and he was going to cut down some of his wood1 to repay the loan4 ,he was arranging to make 8my brother's sixty trees bear him some golden fruit02 but this was to be done by instalments--one third at ,may ,day next4 ,and meantime he was trying to settle down to his 8standish and books02 but even writing did not come easily4 8,my ,ethics10 he wrote to his sister 7of a little treatise he had begun1 one of his first literary attempts71 8go very slowly on40#acf ,and the days must have passed slowly too4 8,i am grown so perfect a villager1 and live so removed10 runs a letter to ,lady ,ranelagh1 8not only from the roads1 but from the very by-paths of intelligence1 that to entertain you with our country discourse1 would have extremely puzzled me1 since your children have not the rickets nor the measles40#acg ,he was feeling the difficulties of his position1 in being one of a family so important to both political parties4 8,i have been forced to observe a very great caution and exact evenness in my carriage1 since ,i saw you last10 he wrote to ,marcombes in ,geneva2 8it being absolutely necessary for the preservation of a person whom the unfortunate situation of his fortune made obnoxious to the injuries of both parties and the protection of neither40 ,and his money matters were still in disorder1 as indeed were everybody else's4 ,out of his ,irish estates he had not received 8the worth of a farthing40 ,the roguery of ,tom ,murray at ,stalbridge1 however1 had had one good result3 it had obliged ,robyn to make 8further discoveries into conomical knowledge0 than he would otherwise have done4 ,he had turned ,tom ,murray away1 8to let him know that ,i could do my business very well without him02 and then1 towards the end of #afdf1 ,tom ,murray was to be taken back3 8,having attained to a knowledge of my own small fortune beyond the possibility of being cheated1 ,i am likely to make use of him again1 to show my father's servants that ,i wish no hurt to the man1 but to the knave40 ,in ,october #afdf1 ,robert ,boyle was back on a visit to ,london1 perhaps to see the great ,essex buried 8in kingly state40 ,on that day1 the solemn pageant just over1 he sat down to write a letter--a wonderful letter for a boy not yet twenty--to ,marcombes in ,geneva4 ,he wrote of the long procession of four hundred officers1 8not one so low as a captain10 the ,house of ,peers1 the ,house of ,commons1 the ,city-,fathers1 and the ,assembly of ,divines1 that had followed ,essex to the grave4 ,but to ,robert ,boyle the 8pageants of sorrow0 had 8eaten up the reality02 the 8care of the blaze0 had 8diverted men from mourning40#ach ,his letter to his old governour gives a vivid picture of the political conditions of the time4 ,in ,england there was 8not one ,malignant garrison untaken02 in ,wales 8but two or three rocky places held out for the ,king40 ,the ,scots were about to deliver up their garrisons and return into their own country1 the ,parliament having agreed to compound with them for all their arrears4 ,a sum of #cjj1jjj had been agreed upon1 but 8the first payment is yet in debate40 ,the ,king was still at ,newcastle1 8both discontenting and discontented02 and the ,scots would be obliged to make up their minds how to 8dispose of his person10 which the ,houses had 8voted to remain in the disposition of both ,houses of ,parliament40 ,people were flattering themselves with hopes of a speedy settlement of things1 but ,robert ,boyle was not so hopeful4 ,he has1 he says1 8always looked upon ,sin as the chief incendiary of this war02 and yet1 8by careful experience10 he has observed that the war has 8only multiplied and heightened those sins to which it owes its being40 ,and his simile is characteristic3 8,as water and ice10 he adds1 8which by a reciprocal generation beget one another40 ,in ,ireland the state of things was no more hopeful than nearer home4 ,the news of ,lord ,ormonde's peace must have reached ,geneva2 but ,robert ,boyle explains carefully to ,marcombes the respective attitudes of the three parties2--the ,protestant ,english proper2 the 8mere natives10 who hoped by rebellion 8to exchange the ,throne of ,england for ,st4 ,peter's ,chair10 or 8to shake off the ,english yoke for that of some ,catholic foreign prince02 and1 thirdly1 the ,catholic ,lords of the ,english ,pale--8so we call the counties about ,dublin0--who are 8by manners and inclination ,irish1 though ,english by descent40 ,in ,inchiquin's absence from ,munster1 ,broghill1 ,governor of ,youghal1 had been left in full command4#aci ,robyn is very proud of ,broghill1 not only as a gallant soldier1 but as 8none of the least wits of the time40 ,broghill had come to ,england to appeal for troops and supplies for ,munster2#adj but ,parliament was so slow in granting them that 8the physic will not get thither before the patient be dead40 ,and then ,robert ,boyle gives ,marcombes a piece of his mind about the sects and sectaries3-- 8,the ,presbyterian ,government is at last settled 7though ,i can scarce think it will prove long lived7 after the great opposition of many1 and to their no less dislike40 ,but many people had begun to think it was high time to 8put a restraint upon the spreading impostures of the sectaries10 who had made ,london their general rendezvous4 ,the ,city 8entertains at present no less than #bjj several opinions in point of religion40 ,some have been 8digged out of the graves10 where they had been long condemned to lie buried2 others have been 8newly fashioned in the forge of their own brains02 most are but 8new editions of old errors40 8,if the truth be anywhere to be found10 wrote the young philosopher1 8it is here sought so many several ways that one or other must needs light upon it40 ,but he speaks with respect of that kind of tolerance that tries to see even in impostures 8glimpses and manifestations of obscure or formerly concealed truths10 and that would not 8aggravate very venial errors into dangerous and damnable heresies40 8,the ,parliament is now upon an ordinance for the punishment of many of these supposed errors2 but since their belief of their contrary truths is confessedly a work of divine revelation1 why a man should be hanged because it has not yet pleased ,god to give him his ,spirit1 ,i confess ,i am yet to understand44440 ,after this the letter goes off into domestic and personal matters4 ,robert ,boyle had been in company with the ,archbishop of ,armagh#ada--8our ,irish ,st4 ,austin0#adb--;and had been telling him of ,marcombes's ,french translation of a sermon of the ,archbishop's1 8,the ,mystery of the ,incarnation40 8,he seemed very willing that you should publish it1 upon the assurance ,i gave him of the fidelity of its translation40 ,lady ,ranelagh and ,broghill were anxious to find ,marcombes some more pupils2 but all the great families of ,england were at present 8standing at a gaze40 ,whether peace or war be the outcome of events1 8it is probable that a good many of them will make visits to foreign climates40#adc ,robyn himself had seen a variety of fortune since he and his governour had parted3 8plenty and want1 danger and safety1 sickness and health1 trouble and ease40 ,he had actually once been a prisoner in ,london1 8on some groundless suspicion10 but had quickly got off with advantage4 ,at ,stalbridge he was pursuing his studies by fits and starts4 8,divers little essays1 both in prose and verse1 ,i have taken the pains to scribble upon several subjects02 and as soon as he can 8lick them into some less imperfect shape0 he will send some of the 8least bad0 to ,marcombes in ,geneva4 ,he tells ,marcombes about his study of ethics1 and his desire to 8call them down from the brain into the breast1 and from the school to the house02 and he mentions his little treatise that goes on so slowly4 8,the other humane studies ,i apply myself to are natural philosophy1 the mechanics1 and husbandry1 according to the principles of our new philosophical college1 that values no knowledge but as it hath a tendency to use40 ,and he begs ,marcombes to inquire for him into the 8ways of husbandry0 practised about ,geneva2 8and when you intend for ,england1 to bring along with you what good receipts or good books of any of those subjects you can procure1 which will make you extremely welcome to our invisible college40 ,the 8,invisible ,college10 the embryo of the ,royal ,society of ,london1 was then already in existence4 ,since some time in #afde1 a little club composed of a few 8worthy persons inquisitive into natural philosophy0 had been holding its weekly meetings2 sometimes in the lodging of the physician1 ,dr4 ,jonathan ,goddard1 in ,wood ,street1 ,cheapside2 sometimes at a 8convenient place0 in ,cheapside itself1--in fact1 the ,bull's ,head ,tavern2 and sometimes in ,gresham ,college1 near by4 ,its originator was ,theodore ,haak1 who1 like ,hartlib1 was a naturalised ,german2 and among its first members were ,dr4 ,john ,wallis1 clerk to the ,westminster ,assembly2 ,dr4 ,wilkins1 afterwards ,warden of ,wadham ,college1 ,oxford1 and brother-in-law of ,oliver ,cromwell2 ,foster1 the professor of astronomy at ,gresham ,college2 the young ,william ,petty2 ,dr4 ,goddard himself2 and one or two other 8doctors in physic0 more or less well known in ,london4 ,they had their telescopes and microscopes and their attendant apothecaries1 etc42 and1 8precluding theology and state-affairs10 they wandered at will among the sciences1--the physics and chemics1 and mechanics and magnetics1--8as then cultivated at home and abroad40 ,hartlib was from the very first connected with this club3 8,the ,invisible ,college of his imagination seems to have been that enlarged future association of all earnest spirits for the prosecution of real and fruitful knowledge of which this club might be the symbol and promise40#add ,his early letters to ,robert ,boyle at ,stalbridge are full of the subjects under discussion4 ,and there is no doubt that it was to a great extent the fascination of these weekly meetings in ,wood ,street1 and the company he met there1 that drew ,robert ,boyle so often to ,london and kept him in ,london as long as he could manage to stay there4 8,i have been every day these two months10 he wrote to his friend ,francis ,tallents1 in ,february #afdg1ade 8upon visiting my own ruined cottage in the country2 but it is such a labyrinth1 this ,london1 that all my diligence could never yet find a way out on't 444 the best on't is1 that the corner-stones of the invisible1 or as they term themselves1 the philosophical college1 do now and then honour me with their company 444 men of so capacious and searching spirits1 that school-philosophy is but the lowest region of their knowledge2 and yet1 though ambitious to lead the way to any generous design1 of so humble and tractable a genius1 as they disdain not to be directed to the meanest1 so he can but plead reason for his opinion2 persons that endeavour to put narrow-mindedness out of countenance by the practice of so extensive a charity that it reaches unto everything called man1 and nothing less than a universal goodwill can content it4 ,and indeed they are so apprehensive of the want of good employment1 that they take the whole body of mankind for their care40 ,and he concludes his panegyric with the recital of their chiefest fault1 8which is very incident to almost all good things2 and that is1 that there is not enough of them40 ,the ,london outside this pleasant coterie was not so congenial to ,robert ,boyle4 ,above all1 the sects and sectaries were his abomination4 ,they were coming over from ,amsterdam like so many bills of exchange2 they were like 8diurnals10 eagerly read1 and then in a day or two torn up as not worth keeping4 ,they were 8mushrooms of last night's coming up40 8,if any man have lost his religion10 he wrote1 8let him repair to ,london1 and ,i'll warrant him he shall find it3 ,i had almost said too1 and if any man has a religion1 let him but come hither now1 and he shall go near to lose it4444 ,for my part1 ,i shall always pray ,god to give us the unity of the ,spirit in the bond of peace44440#adf ,one immediate outcome of these club meetings in ,wood ,street was a little scheme1 evidently aided and abetted by ,lady ,ranelagh1 which filled all ,robyn's thoughts on his return to ,stalbridge in the spring of #afdg4 ,he was going to set up a laboratory of his own1 in the empty manor-house4 ,it was a scheme not easy to carry out in those days2 and his first efforts were to result in dire failure4 8,that great earthen furnace10 he wrote to ,lady ,ranelagh1 8whose conveying hither has taken up so much of my care1 and concerning which ,i made bold very lately to trouble you1 since ,i last did so1 has been brought to my hands crumbled into as many pieces as we into sects2 and all the fine experiments and castles in the air ,i had built upon its safe arrival have felt the fate of its foundation4 ,well1 ,i see ,i am not designed to the finding out the philosopher's stone1 ,i have been so unlucky in my first attempts at chemistry4 ,my limbecks1 recipients1 and other glasses have escaped indeed the misfortune of their incendiary1 but are now1 through the miscarriage of that grand implement of ,vulcan1 as useless to me as good parts to salvation without the fire of zeal4 ,seriously1 ,madam1 after all the pains ,i have taken1 and the precautions ,i have used1 to prevent this furnace the disasters of its predecessors1 to have it transported a thousand miles by land that ,i may after all this receive it broken1 is a defeat that nothing could recompense1 but that rare lesson it teaches me1 how brittle that happiness is that we build upon earth40#adg ,these words breathe the first hint of a melancholy in ,robert ,boyle's life1 the causes of which--though he did his best to conceal and conquer them--are not far to seek4 ,as early as #afdf1 when he was not yet twenty1 there comes into his letters the note of physical suffering4 ,like many scholars and thinkers1 ,robert ,boyle was very sensitive about physical pain1 and the chances of infection and disease4 ,as a boy at ,eton1 it will be remembered1 the 8potion0 held more than ordinary terrors for the spiritay ,robyn4 ,perhaps he had heard about little ,hodge1 who had died at ,deptford1 after so dutifully swallowing the powder of unicorns' horns4 ,but even if not1 he must have seen the same thing happening all about him2 he must have known well enough that medical treatment in his day was steeped in the optimism of blackest ignorance4 ,the plasters and powders and potions and purges with which the ,faculty 8wrought0 so boldly on every disease1 and the weird and melodramatic endings which were their usual results1 had given ,robyn 8a perfect aversion to all physick40 ,he believed that1 in most cases1 it 8did but exasperate the disease40 ,had not he seen 8life itself almost disgorged together with a potion08 ,it was his own childish experiences that inclined this experimentalist1 all his life1 to 8apprehend more from the physician than the disease10 and set him to apply himself to the study of physic 8that he might have the less need of them that profess it40 ,and so1 though he was to count among his friends of the ,philosophical ,college and elsewhere the most learned and eminent physicians of his time1 and as he grew older came to trusting very humbly and gratefully to the skill of more than one of them1 ,robert ,boyle's tendency1 all through life1 was to simplify medical treatment1 and as far as possible to doctor himself with the aid of an intelligent and obedient 8apothecary40 ,if he had known that he was to live till he was sixty-five1 and that the five-and-forty years that lay before him were to be years of more or less invalidism and suffering6 ,but the long future was veiled2 at twenty1 the months in front of him were all-important4 ,and he must have known as early as #afdf that his attacks of pain and 8ague fits0 were caused by the existence of renal calculus--the 8gravel of the kidneys0 of his day4 ,he knew of it when he wrote the letter to ,hartlib 7a fellow sufferer7 in which he gratefully thanks good ,mrs4 ,hartlib for a 8receipt0 or 8sanative remedy10 which she had sent him in one of her husband's letters1 against a disease that ,robyn calls 8so cruel in its tortures and so fatal in its catastrophe40#adh ,stalbridge1 with this fact realised1 was no longer the home of glad possibilities it may at first have promised to be2 which the old ,earl1 in leaving it to his ,benjamin1 had certainly intended it to be4 ,but ,robert ,boyle was making the best of it4 8,as for me10 he wrote to ,hartlib--8during my confinement to this melancholy solitude1 ,i often divert myself at leisure moments in trying such experiments as the unfurnishedness of the place and the present distractedness of my mind will permit me40 ,friends and neighbours came about him2 these were certain 8young knights0 and young ,churchmen and 8travellers out of ,france10 who appear under fancy names in his ,reflections3 ,eusebius1 8a ,dr4 of ,divinity10 ,eugenius and ,genorio1 8,travellers and fine ,gentlemen10 and ,lindamor1 8a learned youth1 both well born and well bred40 ,if they were not actually his guests at ,stalbridge1 ,robyn 8took pleasure to imagine0 them to 8be present with me at the occasion02 and poetic licence has suggested that ,lindamor may have been ,robyn himself1 in some of his moods1 though he still figures in some of them as ,philaretus and speaks in others of them of 8,mr4 ,boyle0--even while he is using also the first personal pronoun4 ,the ,earl of ,bristol's family at ,sherborne ,castle were pleasant neighbours1 and the family of ,sir ,thomas ,mallet1 at ,poynington--,sir ,thomas and his ,lady1 and ,mr4 ,john ,mallet their son1 and the young lady whom ,john ,mallet was to marry--8the fair young lady you are happy in10 as ,robert ,boyle called her4 ,robyn's own family--scattered and busy as they were--came to see him sometimes4 ,he says himself that his sister1 ,lady ,ranelagh1 was 8almost always with him during his sickness02#adi and his brother ,frank seems to have been a welcome and cheerful guest at ,stalbridge2 while ,robyn himself rode over now and then to ,marston ,bigot1 when 8dear ,broghill0 and ,lady ,pegg were there4 ,but his laboratory and his 8standish0 and books1 and especially his correspondence with ,hartlib in ,london1 were a great resource4 ,it was at this time that he was writing the little essays he spoke of to ,marcombes4 ,among them was his ,free ,discourse against ,customary ,swearing1 which in manuscript pleased his relations1 and was dedicated to his sister ,kildare4#aej ,and it was then also that he was writing his ,occasional ,reflections upon ,several ,subjects1 which so delighted ,lady ,ranelagh4#aea ,they afford many glimpses into ,robert ,boyle's life during the years spent at ,stalbridge4 ,he is to be seen in them as the young ,squire of gentle1 studious tastes and simple habits1 sitting1 book in hand1 over the slow-burning wood fire in the parlour with the carved stone chimney-piece 8fair and graceful in all respects02 or riding his horse along the up-and-down-hill ,dorset lanes2 angling by the side of a stream1 or walking in his own meadows1 with his spaniel at his heels3 philosophising as he goes2 observing all things always2 dreaming1 perhaps1 a little too--within bounds4 ,the very titles of his ,reflections are an epitome of the life of those ,stalbridge days4 ,the spaniel is a constant companion1 in weal and woe3-- ,upon my ,spaniel's carefulness not to lose me in a ,strange place1 and ,upon his manner of giving ,meat to his ,dogg1 are two of these ,reflections4#aeb ,there is nothing very original in ,robert ,boyle's method of feeding a dog1 except that it carries with it his inevitable moral conclusions2 but the youthful essay hands down the picture of master and dog to posterity3-- 8,for but observe this ,dogg4 ,i hold him out meat1 and my inviting ,voice loudly encourages and invites him to take it4 ',tis held indeed higher than he can leap1 and yet1 if he leap not at it1 ,i do not give it him2 but if he do1 ,i let it fall half-way into his mouth40 ,spaniels have fetched their masters' gloves from time immemorial2 but none quite so graphically as ,robert ,boyle's3--#aec 8,how importunate is he to be imployed about bringing me this glove6 ,and with what ,clamours and how many fawnings does he court me to fling it him6 ,i never saw him so eager for a piece of ,meat as ,i find him for a ,glove4 ,and yet he knows it is no ,food for him1 nor is it ,hunger that creates his ,longings for it2 for now ,i have cast it him1 he does nothing else with it but 7with a kind of ,pride to be sent for it1 and a satisfaction which his glad gestures make appear so great1 that the very use of ,speech would not enable him to express it better7 brings it me back again44440 ,in the mere names of these ,reflections may be traced the manner in which he spent his days3 ,upon distilling the ,spirit of ,roses in a ,limbick3 ,upon two very miserable ,beggars begging together by the ,highway3 ,upon the ,sight of a ,windmill standing still3 ,upon his ,coaches being stopt in a narrow ,lane3 ,upon the ,sight of a fair ,milkmaid ,singing to her ,cow3#aed ,upon ,talking to an ,echo3 ,upon a ,child that ,cri'd for the ,stars2--in which last are quoted ,waller's lines-- 8,thus in a starry night fond children cry ,for the rich spangles which adorn the sky40 ,one of the ,reflections1 ,upon the ,eating of ,oysters1 possesses a secondary interest3 it is supposed to have suggested to ,swift his ,gulliver's ,travels4 ,like others of the ,reflections1 it is written in the form of conversation between ,eugenius and ,lindamor4#aee 8,,eug4--,you put me in mind of a fancy of your ,friend ,mr4 ,boyle1 who was saying1 that he had thoughts of making a short ,romantick story1 where the ,scene should be laid in some ,island of the ,southern ,ocean1 govern'd by some such rational ,laws and ,customs as those of ,utopia or the ,new ,atlantis1 and in the ,country he would introduce an ,observing ,native1 that upon his return home from his ,travels made in ,europe should give an account of our ,countries and manners under feign'd ,names1 and frequently intimate in his ,relations 7or in his ,answers to ,questions that should be made him7 the reasons of his wondring to find our ,customs so extravagant1 and differing from those of his ,country44440 ,the ,reflections show ,robert ,boyle as he lived and thought and felt2 as he rose early on a 8fair morning10 and looked up at the 8variously coloured clouds10 and listened to the lark's song overhead2 as he picked up a horse-shoe1 watched boys at their games1 or tried a prismatical or triangular glass2 as he fished with a 8counterfeit fly0 along the river-banks1 or let the fish run away with the more homely bait2 as he looked at his own shadow cast in the face of a pool1 or his own face in a looking-glass with a rich frame4 ,what an opportunity was the magnetical needle of a sundial1 or the use of a burning-glass1 or the drinking of water out of the brims of one's own hat6 ,what food for reflection was a syrup made of violets1 or a glow-worm included in a crystal viol6 ,what thoughts fluttered about the tail of a paper kite flown on a windy day1 or about a lanthorn and candle carried by on a dark and windy night6 ,and ,robert ,boyle did once shoot something1 as may be seen from the title of one particular ,reflection3 8,killing a ,crow 7out of a window7 in a ,hog's trough1 and immediately tracing the ensuing ,reflection with a ,pen made of one of his ,quills44440 ,very early in his life there was1 alas6 the least touch of the valetudinary about the 8deare ,squire40 ,it was not all fair mornings and larks and roses4 ,one section of his little book of essays is devoted to 8the accidents of an ague10 and deals with the invasion1 the hot and cold fits1 the letting of blood1 the taking of physick1 the syrups and other sweet things sent by the doctor1 the want of sleep1 the telling of the strokes of an ill-going clock in the night1 the thief in the candle1 the danger of death1 the fear of relapse2 and at the end1 when ,robyn is his own man again--the 8reviewing and tacking together the several bills filed up in the ,apothecary's ,shop40 ,in the summer of #afdg1 ,robert ,boyle had been ill2 but in the autumn he paid some visits among his relations1 and early in #afdh he went to ,holland1 8partly to visit the country10 and partly to help his brother ,frank conduct his brilliant wife home from ,the ,hague--a mission that must have required all ,frank's sweetness of spirit and all ,robyn's philosophy4 ,in the summer of #afdh1 ,robert ,boyle was again in ,london2--this time1 ,lady ,ranelagh had taken rooms for him in ,st4 ,james's4 ,,chapter ,x ,a ,,kind ,,of ,,elysium 8,this blessed plot1 this ,earth1 this ,realme1 this ,england1 ,this ,nurse1 this teeming wombe of ,royall ,kings1 ,fear'd by their breed and famous for their birth1 ,renowned for their deeds1 as farre from home1 ,for ,christian seruice1 and true ,chiualrie1 ,as is the sepulcher in stubborne ,iury ,of the ,world's ransome1 blessed ,marie's ,sonne4 ,this ,land of such deere soules1 this deere-deere ,land1 ,deere for her reputation through the world44440 ,shakespeare's ,richard the ,second 7,first ,folio1 #afbc74 ,shakespeare was a little out of date in the summer of #afdh1 when ,robert ,boyle came to town from ,stalbridge to the lodging in ,st4 ,james's taken for him by his sister ,ranelagh4 8,this ,england0 was then still in the throes of civil war2 was1 in fact1 at the moment plunged in what is known as the ,second ,civil ,war4#aef ,when ,robert ,boyle arrived in town1 everybody was talking of the risings in the ,english counties 7,dorsetshire itself among them71 and the revolt of the fleet off the ,kentish coast4 ,the ,king was in the ,isle of ,wight3 since ,robert ,boyle had written his letter to ,marcombes in ,october #afdf1 the ,king had been bandied about from the ,scots to the ,english1 from the ,parliament to the ,army1 from ,holmby ,house to ,hampton ,court2 and now1 having escaped into the ,isle of ,wight only to find himself virtually a prisoner in ,carisbrooke ,castle1 he was yet in secret negotiation with ,ormonde in ,france1 and with ,hamilton and the ,royalists in ,scotland4 ,just at this time1 8in spite of ,argyle and the ,scottish ,clergy01 a ,royalist army was marching into ,england4 ,the ,queen and ,prince and the ,royalist ,court at ,st4 ,germains were on tip-toe of expectation2 while the young ,duke of ,york had escaped from ,london abroad1 disguised in girl's clothes4#aeg ,ormonde was with the ,court in ,france1 and ,inchiquin in ,ireland had declared himself a ,royalist4 ,there had been also successive ,royalist risings in ,wales and in the ,english counties4 ,of the ,parliamentary ,party1 ,lambert was in the north1 ,cromwell in ,wales2 and ,fairfax and ,ireton--the ,kentish rising crushed--were now besieging ,colchester4 ,and what was ,robert ,boyle doing during this ,london visit8 ,after all1 ,london was in the circumstances the most civilised place to be in4 ,robert ,boyle was listening to the ,earl of ,warwick's very full account 8from his own mouth0 of his recent negotiations with the rebellious fleet2--the ,earl of ,warwick1 who was ,mary ,boyle's father-in-law4 ,and then1 when the ,earl of ,warwick himself was hurrying off to ,portsmouth to deal with the 8disobedient ships0 there1 ,robert ,boyle was supping quietly with the ladies of the ,warwick family at ,warwick ,house in ,holborn1 and hearing from them all the latest gossip about the ,essex rising1 and the behaviour of his brother-in-law ,charles ,rich4 ,by their account1 ,charles ,rich had been the 8grand agitator in this ,essex business40 ,and the young ,squire was much amused to hear also that the newly chosen ,admiral of the revolting ships was none other than one ,kemb1 a minister1--8a mad1 witty fellow10 ,robert ,boyle calls him1 8whom ,i have often been very merry with1 his wife being sister to the honest red-nosed blade that waits now on me40#aeh ,times had changed1 indeed1 since ,england was the royal throne of ,kings1 another ,eden1 and a demi-paradise4 ,no doubt the ,invisibles met as usual in ,wood ,street1 and ,robert ,boyle was often in congenial company with ,hartlib and the others there or at ,gresham ,college4 ,young ,lord ,barrymore was no longer with ,milton in the ,barbican4 ,milton had given up his school1 and he and his wife and their one little girl were living in ,high ,holborn--very near to ,warwick ,house--and ,milton was now leading a literary life1 but keenly watching the doings of ,parliament and ,army2 it was some months before he was made ,secretary of ,foreign ,tongues to the ,council of ,state4 ,the young philosopher in ,st4 ,james's1 who had his own ideals1 was watching them too1 as keenly2 though exactly how ,robert ,boyle felt about the trend of events it is very difficult to guess4 ,his 8exact evenness of carriage0 never deserted him3 to use his own words1 8,the point of a mariner's needle shows its inclination to the ,pole both by its wavering and rest40 ,royalists1 ,parliament-men1 ,army-men1 ,churchmen1 ,presbyterians1 and ,independents1--he was in the midst of them all1 bound to many of them by ties of friendship and kinship1 but steadfastly going his own way4 ,if he was in the company of ,mary's father-in-law1 the ,earl of ,warwick1 he was also in ,archbishop ,usher's study1 listening to a very different kind of exposition1 and he was writing affectionately to 8dear ,broghill0 in his difficult position in ,munster4 ,if he spoke of 8,our ,masters0 at ,westminster1 he spoke also of 8,our ,brethren0 across the ,borders4 ,on the whole1 like ,milton in ,holborn1 but from quite another standpoint1 ,robert ,boyle seems to have fixed1 if not his faith1 his expectations1 upon the ,new ,model4 8,victory10 he wrote1 8is as obedient as the very ,parliament to the ,army40#aei ,and meantime ,lady ,ranelagh was doing her best to push her young brother's literary interests1 and make his ,london visit a pleasant one4 ,she had been showing one of his manuscripts to her friend the ,countess of ,monmouth4 ,the ,countess was the daughter of an old acquaintance of the ,earl of ,cork1 ,lionel ,cranfield1 the clever merchant-adventurer1 ,lord ,mayor of ,london1 ,high ,treasurer1 and first1 ,earl of ,middlesex4 ,it may be remembered that ,marcombes had been tutor in the ,middlesex family before he took ,kynalmeaky and ,broghill abroad4 ,the ,countess had read and liked the manuscript1 and had sent the young ,squire a flattering message and invitation in a note to his sister ,ranelagh4 ,and it was with more than ordinary pleasure that ,robert ,boyle sat down to indite his little letter of reply1 a model of seventeenth-century epistolary homage1 to the ,countess of ,monmouth at ,moore ,park-- 8,madam10 so runs the letter3 8in your ladyship's 7imparted to me by my sister ,ranelagh7 ,i find myself so confounded with civilities1 that if she that blessed me with the sight of your letter had not 7for her own discharge7 exacted of me this acknowledgment of my having seen it1 ,i must confess ,i should scarce have ventured to return a verbal answer1 deterred by the impossibility of writing without wronging a resentment#afj which ,i can express as little as ,i deserved the praises and the favours that have produced it40 ,and so on4 ,the ,countess had suggested the publication of his pamphlet4 ,but she did more3 she had invited the young ,squire to pay a visit to ,moore ,park1 and to bring his manuscript in his pocket-- 8,as for my pamphlet1 ,madam1 had it expected the glory of entertaining you1 it should certainly have appeared in a less careless dress 444 yet my just sense of the smallness of the accession the ,press can be to the honour of your ladyship's perusal makes me decline its publication4 ,and as that paper cannot have either a higher applause or nobler end than the being liked and practised at ,moore ,park1 so if it have either anyway diverted your ladyship1 or had the least influence upon my lord1 ,i have reached my desires and gone beyond my hopes4 ,however1 ,madam1 ,i am richly rewarded for writing such a book by being enjoyned to fetch it where you are4 ,so welcome a command is very unlikely to be disobeyed2 but my obedience1 ,madam1 must be paid to the order1 not the motive4 ,the fetching of my book may be one effect of my remove1 but not the errand of it2 for sure1 ,madam1 your modesty cannot be so injurious1 both to yourself and me1 as to persuade you that any inferior 7that is1 other7 motive can be looked upon by me as an invitation to a journey which will bless me with so great a happiness as that of your ladyship's conversation1 and give me the opportunity of assuring you1 better than my present haste and my disorder will now permit me1 in how transcendent a degree ,i am1 ,madam1 your ,ladyship's humble and obliged servant1 ,robert ,boyle40 ,it was a particularly cold1 wet ,july#afa2 the confusions of the country seemed to have infected the very air2 and those people who were 8wont to make fires1 not against winter but against cold10 had 8generally displac'd the florid and the verdant ,ornaments in their chimneys10 where 8,vulcan0 was more proper than 8,flora40#afb ,but it must be taken for granted that the sun shone out one day1 not long after the folding and dispatching of this letter to the ,countess2 and that ,robert ,boyle and his horse did find their way by the old coach-road from ,london into ,hertfordshire4 ,and when they came to the little town of ,rickmansworth1 lying sleepily in the valley1 clustered about the huge ,church in its midst1 horse and rider must have turned upwards to the left1 under spreading oak-trees4 ,the 8common way0 still runs upwards through the ,park4 ,for ,moore ,park1 that once belonged to ,shakespeare's ,earl of ,pembroke1 8stands on the side of a hill2 but not very steep40 ,sir ,william ,temple has described it1 as it was in that day1 when the ,monmouth family owned it1 8the sweetest place1 ,i think1 that ,i have ever seen in my life1 either before or since1 at home or abroad40 ,the length of the house lay upon the breadth of the garden4 ,the great parlour1 where the ,countess would receive her guest1 opened on the middle of a terraced gravel-walk1 set with standard laurels1 which looked like orange-trees out of bloom4 ,there were fountains and statues and summer-houses in that garden--8the perfectest figure of a garden0--and shady cloisters1 upon arches of stone1 clustered over with vines4 ,and beyond lay a wilderness1 which was always in the shade4 ,robert ,boyle must have been a happy man that day1 as he alighted before those portals with his manuscript in his pocket4 ,henry ,cary1 second ,earl of ,monmouth1 was a ,royalist peer3 his younger brother1 ,thomas ,cary1 was the faithful groom of the bedchamber to ,charles ,i4 ,they were sons of the old ,robert--the man who1 the moment ,queen ,elizabeth was dead1 had started on his record ride from ,london to ,edinburgh to be the first to tell ,james ,,vi that he was ,king of ,england4 ,the first ,earl and his ,countess--a ,trevanion--lay buried in ,rickmansworth ,church2 and the second ,earl and his ,countess were1 at the time of ,robert ,boyle's visit1 living quietly at ,moore ,park1 the ,earl having of late withdrawn into retirement among his books and manuscripts4#afc ,for he was a scholar1 skilled in modern languages1 and a writer--though not one of his manuscripts remains4 ,and he and the ,countess were still passionately mourning the death of ,lionel1 their elder son and heir1 who had fallen in the battle of ,marston ,moor4 ,the second son was married1 in ,london#afd2 and the family at ,moore ,park must have consisted entirely of daughters1 though the eldest daughter had been married for some years to ,mary ,boyle's rejected suitor1 ,mr4 ,james ,hamilton4#afe ,mr4 ,hamilton had married the ,lady ,anne ,cary a few weeks after the ,lady ,mary ,boyle's runaway marriage with ,charles ,rich4 ,but not any of the other daughters at ,moore ,park--and there was a bevy of them--were married1 or to be married1 for many years to come2 which1 in those days of early marriages1 is a matter for some wonder1 especially as it is known1 on ,evelyn's authority1 that one at least of these daughters was 8beautifull and ingenious40#aff ,however pleasant the visit to ,moore ,park may have been1 it was soon over4 ,early in ,august ,robert ,boyle was staying with his sister ,mary at the ,earl of ,warwick's house of ,leeze1 in ,essex1 and there finishing his treatise on 8,seraphick ,love40 ,it purported to be written 8by one young gentleman to another0--to that ,lindamor1 in fact1 the 8learned youth both well-born and well-bred10 who makes the fourth of the little quartet in the ,reflections4 ,the manuscript was handed1 8almost sheet by sheet10 as it was written1 to the enthusiastic ,mary2 and then1 having been1 after the fashion of the day1 circulated among a favoured few1 it was laid carefully by1 among the young ,squire's other papers4 ,and in ,september he was back again at ,stalbridge4 ,the last months of that fateful year must have been1 in many a quiet ,english manor1 the most dismal and depressing ever lived through4 ,in his seclusion1 with pen and ink1 limbecks and recipients1 ,robert ,boyle was to employ the months as best he could4 ,to his ,manor1 set among its autumn orchards1 reached by its stone-paved way between rows of elm-trees1 there must have come from week to week1 by friend or messenger or weekly news-sheet1 the straggling tidings of those events that one after the other were hurrying the ,sovereign to his doom4 ,the second civil war had been trampled out2 ,cromwell's great battle of ,preston had been fought and ,hamilton taken prisoner1 while ,robert ,boyle was still at 8delicious ,leeze10 perfecting his treatise on 8,seraphick ,love40 ,and before he left ,leeze there had come the news of the surrender of ,colchester to ,fairfax1 and the shooting of the two ,royalist leaders4 ,in ,september the ,parliamentary ,commissioners were in the ,isle of ,wight2 and through the shortening days of ,october and ,november even ,dorsetshire and its 8bye-paths of intelligence0 must have been stirred by the doings of ,parliament1 the 8high and fierce0 debate that followed the ,army ,remonstrance1 and the coup d'tat of the ,king's abduction from the ,isle of ,wight to the melancholy ,hurst ,castle on the ,hampshire mainland4 ,and then--,fairfax was at ,whitehall2 the ,army was in possession of ,london4 ,december came1 and with it the last grim struggle of ,parliament and ,army for the disposition of the person of the ,sovereign4 ,the ,king was brought to ,windsor2 and1 ,christmas over1 ,lords and ,commons were in the last hand-grips4 ,the ,king's trial had begun3 the trial of 8,charles ,stuart1 ,king of ,england10 in ,westminster ,hall1 where ,strafford had been tried and sentenced seven years before4 ,how soon did the news of the ,king's sentence reach the ,manor of ,stalbridge8 8,this ,court doth adjudge that the said ,charles ,stuart1 as a ,tyrant1 ,traitor1 ,murderer and ,public ,enemy1 shall be put to death by the severing of his head from his body40 ,how soon did ,robert ,boyle hear the details of those last weeks and days and hours1 with all the little traits1 so kingly and so human1 as the unhappy royal delinquent blindly approached his doom8 ,how soon did some pale-faced horseman bring the news to ,stalbridge of that last scene of all8--the ,king walking in procession through the ,park1 from ,st4 ,james's to ,whitehall2 his stepping out of that ,whitehall window on to the scaffold hung with black2 the block and axe1 and men in black masks2 the companies of horse and foot below in the street2 and from ,charing ,cross on the one side to ,westminster ,abbey on the other1 the close-packed crowds of the populace1 waiting4444 8,the axe descended1 severing the head from the body at one blow4 ,there was a vast shudder through the mob1 and then a universal groan40#afg 99 99 99 99 99 ,lord ,broghill had given up his post in ,munster under the ,parliament2 and he and ,lady ,broghill and their young children were living quietly at ,marston ,bigot4 ,there ,broghill amused himself by writing his ,parthenissa2 and there1 in the spring of #afdi1 ,robert ,boyle paid a visit to his brother and ,lady ,pegg4 ,he1 too1 was busy with his manuscripts1 and in pleasant enough correspondence with the ,invisibles in ,london4 ,but in ,august he was at ,bath4 ,a letter to ,lady ,ranelagh1 dated from ,bath1 ,august #b1 8late at night10 was written in by no means a light-hearted vein4 ,his 8native disposition0 had made him shy1 he said1 of disclosing his afflictions where he could not expect their redress4 ,he was 8too proud to seek a relief in the being thought to need it40 ,moreover1 he had been ill again1 of 8a quotidian ague40 ,his manuscript on 8,public ,spiritedness0 had been laid aside1 and his 8vulcanian feats0 abandoned4 8,the melancholy which some have been pleased to misrepresent to you as the cause of my distempers is certainly much more the effect of them40 ,he had only just arrived at ,bath1 having been carried there on a litter2 and there he was intending to stay till he could leave it on horseback4 ,the physicians had led him to hope he might be able to crawl to ,london before very long4 ,but the end of ,august found him back in his laboratory among the orchards--not very pleasantly occupied in 8drawing10 for his own use1 8a quintessence of wormwood40 ,he had been too much occupied of late even to write to his sister ,ranelagh4 ,there is in his letter the least little suggestion that the events of this last year--personal1 it may be1 as well as political--had kept even this brother and sister apart2 but it was for the time only4 8,for ,vulcan10 he wrote1 8has so transported and bewitched me1 that1 as the delights ,i taste in it make me fancy my laboratory a kind of ,elysium1 so as if the threshold of it possessed the quality the poets ascribed to that ,lethe their fictions made men taste of before their entrance into those seats of bliss1 ,i there forget my standish and my books1 and almost all things1 but the unchangeable resolution ,i have made of continuing till death1 ,sister1 your 8,r4 ,b40#afh ,,chapter ,,xi ,,hermetic ,,thoughts 8,a ,monarch may command my ,life or ,fortune but not my opinion3 ,i cannot command this myself2 it arises only from the ,nature of the ,thing ,i judge of40--,,robert ,,boyle4 8444 ,a general chemical council1 not far from ,charing ,cross1 sits often1 and hath so behaved itself hitherto1 that things seem now to hasten towards some settlement4444 ,they are about an universal laboratory1 to be erected after such a manner as may redound1 not only to the good of this island1 but also to the health and wealth of all mankind40--,,samuel ,,hartlib to ,,robert ,,boyle1 ,may #afed4 ,lord ,broghill had laid aside his ,parthenissa4 ,the story goes that in the autumn of #afdi he was meditating1 under cover of a course of treatment for the gout1 a visit to ,spa1 which would take him into the neighbourhood of the 8royal orphan02 and one account1 at least1 of how ,cromwell intercepted ,broghill in ,london is too picturesque to be discarded4 ,nobody--so runs the story--was in the secret of ,broghill's little plan except his wife1 ,lady ,pegg1 and perhaps his sister ,ranelagh1 at whose house1 in the ,old ,mall1 ,broghill arrived on a certain day in the dusk1 with only four servants in attendance1 to take leave of her before setting out on his journey to ,spa4 8,my ,lord came1 and was no sooner housed but heard a voice ask for my ,lord ,broghill3 he thereupon charged his faithful sister with treachery2 but her protestation of being innocent tempered him40 ,the messenger proved to be a 8sightly ,lieutenant10 sent by the ,lord ,general to know when and where he might interview ,broghill2 and1 after a good deal of parleying1 a meeting was arranged for early next morning in ,st4 ,james's ,garden4 ,cromwell was there first1 with a group of his officers about him1 and ,broghill soon learnt that his correspondence with the 8royal orphan0 was discovered1 and that he must make his choice4 8,the dilemma is short10 ,cromwell is reported to have said2 8if you go with me in this expedition to reduce the ,irish rebels1 you may live1 otherwise you certainly die40#afi ,whatever the details1 the fact remains that ,broghill accepted ,cromwell's offer1 and returned to ,ireland with some sort of understanding that1 while he would serve ,cromwell and the cause of ,protestantism under the ,parliament1 he was not to be required to fight against any but the ,irish4#agj ,accordingly1 in ,december #afdi1 8dear ,broghill0 was in ,ireland again1 and ,robert ,boyle was writing to congratulate him on a brilliant series of successes at ,kinsale1 ,cork1 ,bandon and ,youghal4 8,and truly that which most endears your acquisitions to me is that they have cost you so little blood40#aga ,cromwell had known his man2 a veritable son of the old soldier-statesman1 whose name was alive yet in ,munster4 ,there could have been no ,rebellion in ,ireland1 said ,cromwell1 if every county had contained an ,earl of ,cork4 ,other members of the ,boyle family were back in ,ireland4 ,the eldest brother1 ,dungarvan1 now ,earl of ,cork1 the good-natured head of the family1 and his no less good-natured ,countess were living at ,lismore or in ,dublin4 ,frank and 8black ,betty10 as ,robert ,boyle had dubbed the little sister-in-law1 were living near ,castle ,lyons2 and there also was ,lady ,barrymore1 whose 8wild boy10 so lately ,milton's pupil in the ,barbican1 was now a very young married man4 ,to his mother's discomfiture1 and sorely against her wishes1 young ,barrymore had married another of the fascinating ,killigrews2 and the same batch of ,irish letters that carried ,robert ,boyle's congratulations to ,broghill took also a very wise letter1 written from ,london1 to his eldest sister1 ,lady ,barrymore4#agb ,he had known nothing about the marriage till it was over4 8,without pretending to excuse or extenuate what is past1 having minded you that there is a difference betwixt seasonable and just1 ,i shall venture only to represent to you that the question is not now whether or no the marriage be a thing fit to be done1 but how it is to be suffered2 and that as the best gamesters have not the privilege of choosing their own cards1 but their skill consists in well playing the game that is dealt them1 so the discreetest persons are not allowed the choice of conditions and events1 but their wisdom consists in making the best of those accidents that ,providence is pleased to dispense them40 ,and he reminds his sister that1 as she has declared openly for the ,royalist party1 the mediation of a 8crowned intercessor0 in this matter is not to be disregarded4 ,moreover1 some of her nearest friends1 8though they think the match very unhappy1 think it unfit the married pair should be so40#agc ,the letter heralds ,robert ,boyle's own arrival in ,ireland on a visit to his sister at ,castle ,lyons1 and to the various family homes in ,munster4 ,his ,irish estates were certainly calling for his attention2 but the visit was to be postponed4 ,broghill's diplomatic victories were but the beginning of bloody warfare4 ,broghill was to serve ,cromwell through the whole of the war with ,ireland1 in a series of brilliant engagements4 8,a' ,broghill6 ,a' ,broghill60 was the battle-cry that led on his men2 and he narrowly escaped with his life in the last engagement of all--his victory at ,knockbrack4 ,broghill was the man aimed at4 8,kill the fellow in the gold-laced coat60 the ,irish soldiers shouted to each other4 ,but ,broghill was not killed1 though 8my boldest horse10 he wrote1 8being twice wounded1 became so fearful that he was turned to the coach40#agd ,in the summer of #afej ,robert ,boyle was still at ,stalbridge1 writing on ,may ,day to thank ,hartlib for his gossip about ,utopia and ,breda3#age 8my inclinations as much concerning me in ,republic ,literari as my fortune can do in ,republic ,anglican4 ,nor am ,i idle1 though my thoughts only are not at present useless to the advancement of learning2 for ,i can sometimes make shift to snatch from the importunity of my affairs leisure to trace such plans and frame such models1 etc41 as1 if my ,irish fortune will afford me quarries and woods to draw competent materials from to construct after them1 will fit me to build a pretty house in ,athens1 where ,i may live to philosophy and ,mr4 ,hartlib40 ,at this time1 ,ireland and ,athens were equally remote4 ,was there an attraction1 other than the ,invisibles1 that still kept ,robert ,boyle within reach of ,london8 ,many years afterwards--after ,robert ,boyle was dead--his old friend ,john ,evelyn1 writing about him to ,dr4 ,wotton said3 8,tho' amongst all his experiments he never made that of the maried life1 yet ,i have been told he courted a beautifull and ingenious daughter of ,carew1#agf ,earl of ,monmouth1 to which is owing the birth of his ,seraphick ,love40 ,was this1 indeed1 the love-story of ,robert ,boyle's life8 ,if so1 it was lived through between the years #afdh and #afej4 ,as early as the cold ,january of #afdh1 at ,stalbridge1 on the very day he came of age1 in some moment of depression or decision1 the boy had made a little sacrifice to ,vulcan3 he had resolutely burned most of the verses1 8amorous1 merry and devout0 that he had written in idle moments1 and laid away 8uncommunicated40#agg ,then1 when spring came1 and the ,stalbridge orchards were white with blossom1 he had set off on his visit to ,london1 and taken up his abode in those rooms in ,st4 ,james's that had been engaged for him by his sister ,ranelagh4 ,early in ,june1 he was writing to his friend ,mrs4 ,hussey--presumably a ,dorsetshire friend and neighbour--a letter full of political gossip1 written the very day after he had supped with the ladies at ,warwick ,house4 ,but how does the letter end8 8,but1 ,madam1 since ,i began to write this letter1 ,i had unexpectedly the happiness of a long conversation with the fair lady1 that people are pleased to think my mistress2 and truly1 ,madam1 though ,i am as far from being in love as most that are so are from being wise1 yet my haste makes me gladly embrace the old excuse of #8,then to speak sense ,were an offence' to extenuate my having hitherto written so dully1 and my concluding so abruptly2 for whilst this amorous rapture does possess1 ,i neither could write sense without being injurious to my passion1 nor can any longer continue to write nonsense1 without some violation of that profound respect which is due to you from1 and vowed you by1 ,madam1 your ladyship's most faithful and most humble servant40 ,if the fair lady who talked so delightfully1 were indeed a 8beautifull and ingenious daughter0 of the ,earl of ,monmouth1 ,robert ,boyle's love-story goes into a nutshell4 ,for just a month later came the ,countess of ,monmouth's letter to ,lady ,ranelagh1 which so confounded the young squire with its civilities1 and contained the invitation to ,moore ,park4 ,the two young people had already met1 and been attracted to one another3 the lady's name had been already spoken of among their mutual friends as that of a possible bride for the young ,squire2 ,lady ,ranelagh1 at whose house1 it is probable1 they had first met1 and who was certainly anxious to see ,robyn with a wife of his own at ,stalbridge1 had been in private conclave with ,lady ,monmouth2 and the ,countess herself1 the mother of a bevy of daughters1 was disposed to look kindly on the young ,squire1 in spite of his ,geneva-bred philosophy1 and his not very robust health4 ,for he was the youngest son of a very great family2 cultured1 amiable1 virtuous--and likely to be a moderately rich man1 when once his ,irish affairs could be put in order4 ,but there was the ,earl of ,monmouth to deal with2 a ,churchman1 and passionately ,royalist4 ,there is a sentence in ,robyn's letter to the ,countess which carries with it a suggestion that she1 rather than the ,earl1 was interested in the young suitor3 8,if10 he says1 of his precious manuscript1 which she had asked him to bring to ,moore ,park1 8it have either any way diverted your ,ladyship1 or had the least influence upon my ,lord1 ,i have reached my desires and gone beyond my hopes40 ,did the ,earl of ,monmouth look unfavourably upon the young ,puritan1 or desire to extract from him promises--a statement about his religious and political convictions--which ,robert ,boyle was unwilling to make8 ,and the fair lady herself--what amount of say had she in the matter8 ,if ,robyn had joined the ,king's ,army would he have won his ,hermione8#agh ,in his ,seraphick ,love1 he speaks of ,hermione's 8cold usage40 ,it is quite possible that this beautiful and ingenious daughter of the ,monmouth family may have merely looked shyly on ,robert ,boyle1 his manuscript treatises and his little valetudinary ways2 but it is also possible that1 young as she was--she can scarcely have been more than seventeen--she was a girl not only of strong hereditary feelings1 brought up a strict ,churchwoman and ,royalist1 but of spirit and conviction--a character as firm as ,robert ,boyle's itself4 ,the ,martyrdom of ,theodora and of ,didymus1 ,robert ,boyle's quaint and powerful prose romance--of which only the second part was ever published1 and that not until #afhg--was written in his early youth1 and even more than his ,seraphick ,love seems as if it may hold the internal evidence of his own love-story4 ,if ,seraphick ,love speaks of a woman's 8cold usage0 the story of ,theodora and ,didymus explains it4 ,the character of ,theodora is worth studying1 if this is indeed ,robert ,boyle's ideal of womanhood4 ,it is the character of a woman young and beautiful1 who is not only an uncommonly good talker1 but 8declares her aversion for marriage40 ,her reasons are given to her friend ,irene1 who has 8solicited favour for ,didymus40 8,marriage10 says ,theodora1 8is one of the most important ,things of ,life2 and though ,i esteem it a mean ,notion of ,happiness to think that one ,person can make either of them the ,portion of another1 yet ,discretion1 as well as ,sincerity and ,chastity1 oblige a woman to have a great deal of ,care of that which concerns the ,term of her ,life2 and a ,woman that designs to behave herself like a ,wife1 ought to take care in a ,choice she can make but once1 and not carelessly to enter on a ,voyage where ,shipwracks are so frequent1 though she be offered a fine ship to make it in4 ,but since my dear ,irene takes this opportunity to know more of my ,thoughts than ,i should disclose to any other ,person1 ,i must tell her that were ,i at my own disposal1 and should be willing to make such a ,change as ,i have always been averse to1 ,didymus's ,virtues and ,services would influence me more than the ,advantages of ,titles1 ,riches or ,dignities of his ,rivals could4 ,but dear ,irene1 the times are such1 and my ,circumstances too1 that it would be very extravagant for me to engage myself further in the ,world4 ,for a ,christian cannot think to be happy1 whilst the ,church is miserable1 and perplexed with outward ,calamities4444 ,when ,i think10 proceeds ,theodora1 8of the ,church's ,desolation1 and that ,i should not only be content to be a ,spectator1 but an ,actor in the ,tragedy1 ,i cannot relish the ,complements of a ,lover1 nor hope for ,contentment1 except from a ,place above the reach of ,persecution4 ,and these ,sentiments10 says she1 8are warranted by the ,apostle1 who ,discouraged ,women that were free1 in much less troublesome times1 from entering into a ,marriage ,state44440 99 99 99 99 99 ,and which of the bevy of ,monmouth daughters was it that would not marry ,robert ,boyle8--8a beautifull and ingenious daughter10 says ,evelyn2 that is all that is known of her4 ,anne1 the eldest1 had in #afdh been some years married to ,james ,hamilton1 ,earl of ,clanbrassil2 and of the six other daughters born to the ,earl and ,countess of ,monmouth1 only three seemed to have reached maturity--,elizabeth1 ,mary and ,martha--of whom ,elizabeth must have been seventeen in #afdh4 ,these three1 with the ,countess1 his widow1 were left in the ,earl's will--dated ,july #afei--;his co-heirs4 ,they were then all three unmarried2 the ,earl their father left some of the property under certain conditions relating to their being1 as he quaintly expressed it1 8in my life preferred in marriage or otherwise dead40 ,it was not till some years after the ,earl of ,monmouth's death that ,mary and ,martha married--,mary becoming the second wife of the ,earl of ,desmond and ,martha the second wife of the ,earl of ,middleton4 ,elizabeth died in ,december #afgf1 and was buried a few months before the ,countess of ,monmouth1 her mother1 in ,rickmansworth ,church4 ,the inscription on the stone over her grave is not an ordinary one-- ,sacred to the ,memory of y ,right ,hon y ,lady ,elizabeth ,cary one of y ,davghters ,co-heirs of the ,right ,hon ,henry ,lord ,cary ,baron of ,leppington and ,earle of ,monmovth4 ,shee dyed the #ad day of ,december in the year of ovr ,lord #afgf in the #df year of her age having livd all her time vnmarried bvt now expecting ,a joyfvll ,resvrrec and to be joynd to her onely ,spouse and ,saviour ,jesvs ,christ1 lies here interd near the said ,earle her ,father4 ,was this the heroine of ,boyle's love story--the ,hermione whose 8cold usage0 sent him to write his ,seraphick ,love at ,leeze8--the woman whose views on a ,marriage ,state found their way into his ,martyrdom of ,theodora and of ,didymus8 ,it will probably never be known4 ,whoever the lady1 whatever the reason1 the affair seems to have been1 in modern parlance1 8off0 before the end of #afdh4 ,and yet1 a whole year later1 in ,december #afdi1 ,robert ,boyle was in ,london again1 scorching his wings at the flame4 8,i know ,frank will endeavour to persuade you10 he wrote to his sister ,barrymore1 8that it is the thing called ,love that keeps me here02 and to ,lord ,broghill1 at the same date1 8,my next shall give you an account of my transactions1 my studies1 and my amours2 of the latter of which black ,betty will tell you as many lies as circumstances2 but hope you know too well what she is and whence she comes not to take all her stories for fictions44440 ,some strong attraction1 then1 in or near ,london1 there undoubtedly was1 and ,robert ,boyle's family knew of it2 but all their thrusts were successfully parried in what ,sir ,henry ,wotton had called ,robyn's 8pretty conceits40 ,in company ,robert ,boyle was to 8prate0 with 8pure raillery0 of 8matrimony and amours40 ,he was to pity those who 8dote on red and white40 ,he never could deplore the lover who 8by losing his mistress recovers himself40 ,he was to declare that he had 8never known the infelicities of love except by others' sufferings02 to write exultantly about 8this untamed heart40 ,he had1 he said1 so seldom seen a happy marriage1 that he did not wonder 8our ,lawgivers should make marriage indesolvable to make it lasting40 ,marriage was 8a ,lottery1 in which there are many blanks to one prize40 ,and yet ,robyn was as sensitive as he was proud4 ,not in company which prated of 8matrimony and amours10 he had his own ideal4 ,love to him remained 8the ,noblest ,passion of the ,mind02 and at twenty-one he acknowledged the existence of 8a peculiar unrivaled sort of ,love1 which constitutes the ,conjugal ,affections40 ,lady ,ranelagh1 frustrated in one attempt1 might go on hoping4 8,if you are in the west10 she wrote at a later date to this incorrigible brother1 8let me beseech you to present my humble service to my two ,lady ,bristols1 and wish you would disappoint ,frank#agi by bringing a wife of your own to ,stalbridge1 a business ,i must still mind you of1 though you give me cause to doubt you will as hardly pardon me those few words as the rest of the trouble given you here by your ,k4 ,r40 ,but there was to be no other fair lady in ,robyn's letters or in ,robyn's life--no lady whose conversational powers ever again produced in him an 8amorous rapture40 ,he returned to his 8kind of ,elysium10 and the lethal chamber of chemical research4 ,and when once a rumour reached his relatives in ,ireland that he was actually married1 and his nephew ,barrymore's wife#ahj was foremost in her congratulations1 there was a touch of the philosopher-uncle in ,robert ,boyle's superlatively polite reply4 8,alas6 ,the little gentleman and ,i10 he assured her1 8are still at the old defiance40 ,not till #afeb1 after ,cromwell's campaign was over1 and the war in ,ireland nearly at an end1 did ,robert ,boyle revisit the land of his birth4 ,and then he did not like it4 8,i must sadly confess10 he wrote1 in very evident dejection1 to his ,dorsetshire friend1 ,john ,mallett1 8that the perpetual hurry ,i live in1 my frequent journeys1 and the necessary trouble of endeavouring to settle my long-neglected and disjointed fortune1 has left me very little time to converse with any book save the ,bible1 and scarce allowed me time to sew together some loose sheets that contain my thoughts about the ,scriptures40 ,it must have been with a strange conflict of feelings that he found himself at last in ,youghal1 standing before the tomb of his great father1 on the very scene of the old ,earl's last struggle in the ,protestant and ,royalist cause4 ,he wandered about the house and gardens of ,lismore once again1 and found this home of his childhood1 in his father's day 8one of the noblest seats and greatest ornaments of the province of ,munster10 now 8ruined by the sad fate of war40#aha ,the fortunes of the ,boyle family were at this time at their lowest ebb1 and everywhere that he went he was in the track of the brutalities of war2 the very bloodstains of those last engagements could scarcely have been dried2 the severed head and limbs must still have been sticking on the poles4 8,about the years #afeb and #afec 444 the plague and famine had swept away whole counties1 that a man might travel twenty or thirty miles and not see a living creature1 either man1 beast1 or bird1 they being either all dead1 or had quit those desolate places40 ,and in the mountains so greatly had the number of wolves increased1 that rewards were being offered for wolves' heads4#ahb ,but already1 under ,cromwell's powerful lord-lieutenancy1 and with ,fleetwood as head of the ,irish ,government1 the work of settlement and transplantation had been begun4 ,it was in part1 perhaps1 the work of transplantation in ,connaught--for ,robert ,boyle had lands there as well as in ,munster--that called him to ,ireland in #afeb4 ,he was back in ,london1 on a flying visit1 in the autumn of #afec1 just between ,cromwell's dismissal of the ,rump and the sitting of the ,barebones ,parliament2 when1 in fact1 8,this ,house0 was 8to be let--now unfurnished40#ahc ,but he was in ,ireland again a month or two before ,cromwell's ,protectorate was proclaimed in ,london1 and living in ,dublin through the winter of #afec-d4 ,william ,petty1 his fellow-,invisible1 was also there1 and ,benjamin ,worsley1 the old ,army surgeon1 a great friend of ,hartlib and of the ,boyle family4 ,petty had been appointed by ,ireton physician-general to the ,army1 and was doing wonderful things in organisation1 amongst other things saving the ,government several hundreds a year in their drug department alone4 ,worsley1 a delightful man in his way1 full of the most astonishing scientific projects for the benefit of seventeenth-century science1 had been appointed surveyor-general1 to take in hand the land-survey necessary in the process of transplantation4 ,in ,petty's opinion ,worsley was a bit of a quack1 whose 8mountain-bellied conceptions0 ended usually in 8abortive mice02 and when ,worsley began his survey ,petty thought it could be better and quicker done1 and said so4 ,the ,government backed ,petty1 in whom they had got hold of a man of extraordinary genius and energy2 and while ,worsley was kept on as surveyor-general1 ,petty was allowed to contract to do the work of land-survey in thirteen months1 importing skilled labour and ,london-made instruments4#ahd ,and meantime1 ,robert ,boyle1 under ,petty's guidance1 was working quietly in an anatomical laboratory in ,dublin4 ,petty1 in his outspoken way1 had written to ,boyle while ,boyle was on his flying visit to ,london in #afec4 ,petty and ,robert ,boyle's own relations in ,dublin were at this time a little anxious about ,boyle's health and spirits2 and urged by the relatives1 ,petty had written in the character of physician and friend1 offering ,boyle some sound advice4 ,he wrote to 8dissuade0 him from 8some things which my lord of ,cork1 my lord of ,broghill1 and some others of your friends think prejudicial to you2 one of which is your continual reading40 ,too much reading1 ,petty thought1 8weakens the brain10 which weakness 8causeth defluxions0 and these 8hurt the lungs40 ,in ,petty's opinion ,boyle1 who knew so much already1 could get but little advantage from the constant study of books4 ,warming with his subject1 ,petty adventures a little more advice4 8,the next disease you labour under is your apprehension of many diseases1 and a continual fear that you are always inclining1 or falling into1 one or other40 ,he reminds ,boyle how 8this is incident to all that begin the study of diseases02 how 8inward causes0 may produce 8different outward signs10 and those 8little rules of prognostication1 found in our books1 need not always be so religiously believed40 ,and even if people do fall ill1 do they not also sometimes get well again8 8,why may not a man as easily recover of a disease1 without much care1 as fall into it80 ,and then1 to wind up with3 8,the last indictment that ,i lay against you is1 practising upon yourself with medicaments 7though specifics7 not sufficiently tried by those that administer or advise them40 ,physician as he was1 ,petty did not put his faith in 8medicaments0--witness his savings in the ,army drug department4 8,there is a conceit current in the world10 he told ,robert ,boyle1 8that a medicament may be physic and physician alike40 ,what a mistake6 8,recommendations of medicaments do not make them useful1 but do only incite me to make them so by endeavouring experimentally to find out the virtues and application of them40 ,and it is a hard matter to discover their true virtues4 8,as ,i weep to consider10 says ,petty1 8so ,i dread to use them1 without my utmost endeavour first employed to that purpose40 ,it is a manly1 outspoken letter1 though it may have seemed a little caustic at the time4 ,and it had its effect4 ,robert ,boyle came back to ,dublin to work1 under ,petty's direction1 at anatomical dissection--and possibly to read less4 ,he was still ailing1 still dejected1 still longing to be back in ,london2 but1 8that ,i may not live wholly useless10 he wrote to ,mr4 ,clodius1 ,hartlib's doctor son-in-law in ,london1 8or altogether a stranger in the study of ,nature1 since ,i want glasses and furnaces to make a chemical analysis of inanimate bodies1 ,i am exercising myself in making anatomical dissections of living animals1 wherein 7being assisted by your father-in-law's ingenious friend1 ,dr4 ,petty 7our ,general's ,physician77 ,i have satisfied myself of the circulation of the blood and the 7freshly discovered and hardly discoverable7 receptaculi chyli1 made by the confluence of the ven lacte1 and have seen 7especially in the dissections of fishes7 more of the variety and contrivances of ,nature and the majesty and wisdom of her ,author than all the books ,i ever read in my life could give me convincing notions of40 ,while he is kept a prisoner in ,ireland1 he says1 he will be delighted if there is anything he can do to help ,clodius in an anatomical way2 if there is anything 8wherein my knives may give you any satisfaction1 ,i shall be very proud to employ them to so elevated an end40 ,meantime he was doing as ,clodius had asked him--looking into the 8mineral advantages of ,ireland40 ,but 8in this illiterate country1 ,i find all men so perfect strangers to matters of that nature1 that my inquiries have been as fruitless as diligent40 ,he can hear nothing about antimony mines2 8but for iron ,i may be able to give you a good account of it1 and to bring you over of the ore1 my eldest brother having upon his land an iron-work that now yields him a good revenue1 and ,i having upon my own land an iron-mine1 to which1 before the wars1 belonged a 7since ruined7 work1 which ,i have thoughts of resetting up4 ,i am likewise told 7but how truly ,i know not yet7 of a little silver-mine lying in some land of mine2 and very lately in a place which belongs to a brother of mine they have found silver ore very rich1 for1 being tried1 it is estimated 7as he tells me that means to deal for it7 at between thirty and forty pounds a ton2 but whether or no this be a mine of proportionable value we do not yet know4 ,i was yesterday with an officer of the ,army who farms a silver-mine for the ,state1 who hath promised me what assistance he can in my mineral inquiries1 and told me that a metallist and refiner whom he extolled with superlative elogies assured him that there was no country in ,europe so rich in mines as ,ireland1 had but the inhabitants the industry to seek them1 and the skill to know them40 ,but ,robert ,boyle was impatient to leave ,ireland4 8,i live here in a barbarous country10 he told ,clodius in this letter1 8where chemical spirits are so misunderstood1 and chemical instruments so unprocurable1 that it is hard to have any hermetic thoughts in it and impossible to bring them to experiment40 ,in the autumn of #afed he was back in ,england4 ,in the previous year1 during his flying visit to ,london1 he had talked with ,dr4 ,wilkins1 of ,wadham1 about ,oxford1 and had probably ridden down to ,oxford to see what it was like4 ,stalbridge was all very well1 but it was removed from the by-paths of intelligence2 somehow1 since his illnesses1 there was a sadness over its orchards which ,vulcan himself could not dispel4 ,london was a fascinating labyrinth of interests1 but in ,oxford he believed he could 8live to philosophy40 ,oxford was to be his ,athens4 ,thither1 already1 some of the ,invisibles had migrated from ,london4 ,for it was no longer the old ,royalist ,oxford1 where the sunburnt boy with the bow and arrows had once thought of joining the ,king's ,army4 ,it was ,oxford six years after the ,parliament's ,visitation and ,purgation2 ,oxford after the imposition of the ,covenant4 ,the old ,heads had conformed or been summarily ejected1 the new ,heads were ,commonwealth men2 and ,cromwell himself was ,chancellor4 ,it was an ,oxford where the use of the ,liturgy was not openly permitted4 ,and yet1 8speech is thrall1 but thocht is free10 says the old ,scottish proverb4 ,at ,oxford a man could still fast quietly1 if he was so minded1 for forty-one hours1 without being sent down for it4#ahe ,at ,oxford one might still study philosophy1 and mathematics1 and ,oriental languages unimpeded4 ,and there was the ,bodleian4 ,oxford was indeed 8the only place in ,england where1 at that time1 ,mr4 ,boyle could have lived with much satisfaction to himself40#ahf ,his horse would carry him between ,oxford and ,london at any time3 each night1 on the road1 he might lie under some hospitable roof of friend or relative1 in mansions set in shady parks1 amid flower-gardens and fishponds4 ,and once in ,london1 his sister ,ranelagh's door in the ,old ,mall was always open to him4 ,and ,gresham ,college1 and ,mr4 ,hartlib1 and ,mr4 ,clodius1 and the rest of the ,invisibles would receive him with ecstasy4 ,the ,hartlib family had moved to ,charing ,cross2 and ,hartlib and his 8very chemical son0 were excessively happy in their new abode4 8,as for us1 poor earthworms1 we are crawling in my house about our quondam back-kitchen1 whereof my son hath made a goodly laboratory2 yea1 such a one1 as men 7who have had the favour and privilege to see or be admitted into it7 affirm they have never seen the like for its several advantages and commodiousnesses4 ,it hath been employed days and nights with no small success1 ,god be praised1 these many weeks together40#ahg ,london was labyrinthine3 there was an undeniable fascination about ,hartlib's quondam back-kitchen2 but ,oxford beckoned4 ,and so1 at the age of twenty-seven1 ,robert ,boyle went to ,oxford2 a student always1 already known as a scholar and philosopher1 one of the chief of the ,invisibles1--a ready-made ,don4 ,,chapter ,,xii ,,oxford3 ,a ,,learned ,,junto 8444 ,i see no cause to despair that1 whether or no my writings be protected1 the truths they hold forth will in time1 in spite of opposition1 establish themselves in the minds of men1 as the circulation of the blood1 and other1 formerly much contested1 truths have already done4 ,my humour has naturally made me too careful not to offend those ,i dissent from1 to make it necessary for any man to be my adversary upon the account of personal injuries or provocations4 ,and as for any whom either judgment or envy may invite to contend1 that the things ,i have communicated to the world deserved not so much applause as they have had the luck to be entertained with2 that shall make no quarrel betwixt us3 for perhaps ,i am myself as much of that mind as he2 and however ,i shall not scruple to profess myself one of those who is more desirous to spend his time usefully1 than to have the glory of leaving nothing that was ever written against himself unanswered2 and who is more solicitous to pursue the ways of discovering truth than to have it thought that he never was so much subject to human frailties as to miss it40--,,robert ,,boyle3 ,preface to ,a ,defence of the ,doctrine touching the ,spring and ,weight of the ,air4 ,several of the original ,philosophical ,society had migrated to ,oxford before ,robert ,boyle joined them there4 ,dr4 ,wilkins had been appointed ,warden of ,wadham at the ,visitation and ,purgation of the ,university in #afdh2 ,dr4 ,wallis1 at the same time1 had been made ,savilian ,professor of ,geometry2 and ,dr4 ,goddard1 of ,wood ,street celebrity1 had become ,warden of ,merton4 ,robert ,boyle does not seem to have been in ,oxford during the ,encnia in ,july #afed4 ,there is1 at least1 no mention of him in ,evelyn's description of 8the civilities of ,oxford0 during that happy week2 and the friendship between ,boyle and ,evelyn1 that was to last 8neare fourty yeares10 was not to begin till a little later4 ,but ,evelyn has described ,oxford society exactly as it was when ,robert ,boyle entered it4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,evelyn arrived in ,oxford 8on the eve of the ,act10#ahh and next day1 after midday dinner1 8the ,proctor opened the ,act at ,st4 ,marie's 7according to custome7 and the ,prevaricators their drollery4 ,then the ,doctors disputed4 ,we supp'd at ,wadham ,college40 ,on ,sunday1 ,dr4 ,french1 ,canon of ,christ ,church1 the preacher at ,st4 ,mary's1 had his little fling at the ,philosophers4 8,true wisdom10 he said1 8was not to be had in the books of the ,philosophers1 but in the ,scriptures alone40 ,he based his observations on a text from ,st4 ,matthew xii4 #db3 8,and1 behold1 a greater than ,solomon is here40 ,on ,sunday afternoon the famous ,independent1 ,dr4 ,owen1 now 8,cromwell's ,vice-,chancellor10 preached a wonderful sermon1 8perstringing ,episcopacy0--a sermon that ,evelyn and some others present must have found particularly trying to listen to4 ,they dined that day with ,dr4 ,seth ,ward1 who had been one of the 8,prevaricators0 himself1 when he was at ,cambridge1 and was so alarmingly witty on the occasion that he nearly lost his degree4 ,and at night they supped in ,balliol ,college ,hall--,evelyn's own college4 ,on ,monday they sat through the whole ,act in ,st4 ,mary's2#ahi--the long speeches of the ,proctors1 ,vice-,chancellors and ,professors1 and the creation of ,doctors 8by the cap1 ring1 kisse10 etc4 ,the ,inceptor#aij made a most excellent oration1 8abating his ,presbyterian animosities which he could not withhold40 ,and after all this paraphernalia 8there were but #d in ,theologie and #c in ,medicine10 which was thought not bad1 8the times considered40 ,and again there was a magnificent supper with ,evelyn's 8dear and excellent friend10 ,dr4 ,wilkins of ,wadham4 ,happy days1 two hundred and sixty years ago6 ,there was music at ,all ,souls1 8voices and theorbos10 performed by 8ingenious scholars40 ,and ,dr4 ,barlow1 the learned ,librarian1#aia took them over the ,bodleian1 and showed them all the treasures1 including the #hjj-years-old manuscript of the ,venerable ,bede4 ,the ,divinity ,school vied with the ,physical and ,anatomical ,school in entertaining the visitors2 and1 at ,st4 ,john's1 the ,library was almost eclipsed by poor ,laud's gift of mathematical instruments1 and by 8#b skeletons1 finely cleaned and put together40 ,new ,college ,chapel1 much to ,evelyn's satisfaction1 was still in statu quo1 8notwithstanding the scrupulosities of the times02 and at ,christ ,church they saw the 8,office of ,henry ,,viii10 the gift of ,cardinal ,wolsey1 with its wonderful miniatures and gilding1 and the famous painted windows of the ,cathedral1 now 8much abused40 ,in ,magdalen ,chapel1 everything was in its 8pontificall order10 except that the ,altar had been 8turn'd table-wise20 and there the famous musician1 ,mr4 ,gibbon1 kindly played to them upon the double organ4 ,the ,physick garden was visited1 8where the sensitive plant was shewed us for a greate wonder40 ,canes1 olives and rhubarb grew there1 8but no extraordinary curiosities1 besides very good fruit1 which1 when the ladys had tasted1 we return'd in our coach to our lodgings40 ,and the ,encnia festivities wound up with midday dinner at ,wadham4 8,we all din'd at that most obliging and universally-curious ,dr4 ,wilkins's at ,wadham ,college40 ,there1 after dinner1 they were shown the ,warden's new transparent beehives1 from which the honey could be drawn without destroying the bees1 and ,evelyn was presented with an empty hive to carry back with him to his own garden at ,deptford4 ,mr4 ,christopher ,wren1 that 8prodigious young scholar10 that 8miracle of a youth10 was of the company2 and everybody wandered at will among ,dr4 ,wilkins's scientific and mechanical curiosities1 conic sections1 magnets1 thermometers1 8way-wisers10#aib and all the rest1 in the upper rooms and gallery of the ,warden's lodging4 ,the ,warden1 it may be observed1 was still a bachelor3 it was not till two years later that he married ,cromwell's sister4 ,at the time of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,evelyn's visit to ,oxford1 that lady was still ,mrs4 ,french1 wife of the worthy ,canon of ,christ ,church1 who had preached on the text1 8,behold1 a greater than ,solomon is here60 ,this1 then1 was the ,oxford of #afed that was to welcome ,robert ,boyle4 ,he had evidently been there1 looking about him1 during his flying visit from ,ireland in #afec2 and ,lady ,ranelagh--an experimentalist too in her own way--had gone to ,oxford afterwards to inspect the lodgings selected by her brother4#aic 8,,my ,,brother1 8,it has pleased ,god to bring us safe to ,oxford1 and ,i am lodged at ,mr4 ,crosse's1 with design to be able to give you from experience an account which is the warmer room2 and indeed ,i am satisfied with neither of them1 as to that point1 because the doors are placed so just by the chimnies1 that if you have the benefit of the fire you must venture having the inconvenience of the wind1 which yet may be helped in either by a folding skreen2 and then ,i think that which looks into the garden will be the more comfortable1 though he have near hanged1 and intends to matt1 that you lay in before4 ,you are here much desired1 and ,i could wish you here as soon as you can3 for ,i think you would have both more liberty and more conversation than where you are1 and both these will be necessary1 both for your health and usefulness40 ,mr4 ,crosse was an apothecary1 and his house was in the ,high ,street1 adjoining ,university ,college4 ,he seems to have been recommended to ,boyle as a convenient landlord1 not only on account of ,boyle's own fickle health1 but as one who might be useful to him in laboratory work4 ,he was a staunch ,churchman1 and a particular friend of ,john ,fell1 the son of the famous old ,royalist ,dean of ,christ ,church1 who had been ejected at the ,visitation of #afdh4 ,many scenes have been enacted in ,christ ,church quadrangle1 but none more melodramatic than the ejection of ,mrs4 ,fell and her family after the ,dean himself had been carried off in custody to ,london4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,evelyn must have shaken their heads indeed if they were shown the identical spot in the ,quad where ,mrs4 ,fell and her lady friends had been deposited1 having chosen to be forcibly carried out1 rather than voluntarily walk out1 of the ,deanery4 ,john ,fell1 the son1 a student of ,christ ,church1 had been ejected too1 but he lived on in ,oxford2 and one of his sisters married ,dr4 ,willis1 the physician1 who set up in practice in a house in ,merton ,street1 opposite to ,merton ,college4 ,in a room in this house1 thanks to ,john ,fell and his brother-in-law ,dr4 ,willis1 with one or two more strong ,churchmen1 the ,services of the ,church were to be privately maintained through all the years of the ,commonwealth4 ,did ,robert ,boyle1 ,geneva-bred1 make one of the little semi-forbidden congregation of men and women that gathered in ,dr4 ,willis's house for service and ,communion8 ,it is doubtful4 ,boyle's own letter to ,john ,durie1 written in #afdg1 speaks his mind on denominational differences4#aid 8,it has long been10 he says1 8as well my wonder as my grief1 to see such comparatively petty differences in judgement make such wide breaches and vast divisions in affection4 ,it is strange that men should rather be quarrelling for a few trifling opinions1 wherein they dissent1 than to embrace one another for those many fundamental truths wherein they agree4 ,for my own part1 in some two or three and forty months that ,i spent in the very town of ,geneva1 as ,i never found that people discontented with their own ,church government 7the gallingness of whose yoke is the grand scarecrow that frights us here7 so could ,i never observe in it any such transcendent excellency as could oblige me either to bolt ,heaven against1 or open ,newgate for1 all those that believe they may be saved under another44440 ,evelyn1 who knew ,robert ,boyle intimately for nearly forty years1 was of opinion that he 8held the same free thoughts10 in matters of religion and religious discipline1 8which he had of ,philosophy40 ,he practised ,christianity 8without noise1 dispute1 or determining40 ,he owned no master in religion but the ,divine ,author of it2 and1 what is more1 he owned 8no religion but primitive1 no rule but ,scripture1 no law but right reason2 for the rest allways conformable to the present settlement1 without any sort of singularity40#aie ,only once is ,robert ,boyle known to have been persuaded to enter a conventicle4 ,curiosity led him1 on one occasion1 to ,sir ,henry ,vane's house1 to hear the great man preach 8in a large thronged room a long sermon40#aif ,the text was from ,daniel xii4 #b3 8,and many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake1 some to everlasting life1 and some to shame and everlasting contempt40 ,looking1 from a modern point of view1 to the possibilities of such a text on the ,resurrection1 it is a little disappointing to learn that ,mr4 ,boyle stood up at the end of ,sir ,henry ,vane's discourse and submitted1 in his gentlest ,oxford manner1 that the preacher had suffered the meaning to 8evaporate into ,allegory40 ,sir ,henry ,vane was at this time at the very height of his authority in the ,state2 and ,robert ,boyle1 telling the story to ,sir ,peter ,pett1 explained that ,sir ,henry's congregation that day was composed of 8dependants on him1 and expectants from him10 who would never have dreamed of questioning his interpretations of ,scripture1 whatsoever they might have been4 8,but ,i10 said ,boyle1 8having no little awes of that kind upon me1 thought myself bound to enter the lists with him as ,i did1 that the sense of the ,scriptures might not be depraved40 ,according to ,birch1 ,sir ,henry ,vane had the last word4 ,he had recognised in his critic the celebrated ,mr4 ,robert ,boyle2 and when ,mr4 ,boyle sat down1 ,sir ,henry assured him and the rest of his audience that he had only intended his remarks on the words of ,daniel to be in the way of occasional reflections4#aig ,but there was another little congregation1 which met in an upper room in ,oxford2 a room in the house of the obliging and universally curious ,dr4 ,wilkins of ,wadham4 ,this was the weekly meeting of the ,invisibles2 the 8learned ,junto10 as ,evelyn has dubbed them2 a society which may be described as non-militant and non-party1 and was certainly non-sectarian--the ,oxford branch of the original ,invisible or ,philosophical ,college1 begun in ,london in #afde1 before ,wilkins and ,wallis and ,goddard removed to ,oxford4 ,the ,oxford branch kept up a regular correspondence with the ,london ,society2 and after a time1 when ,wilkins forsook ,oxford for ,cambridge1 the weekly meetings of the ,invisibles were transferred from ,wadham to ,robert ,boyle's own rooms4 ,and what a brilliant little 8learned ,junto0 it was1 in spite of the scrupulosities of the times6 ,there was ,wilkins himself1 an ,oxford man by birth1 son of the ,oxford goldsmith with the 8very mechanicall hands0 and a head that 8ran much on perpetuall motion40 ,wilkins was a man of about forty1 8lustie1 strong-groune1 well-sett and broad-shouldered40 ,his manners were courteous1 as became a man who had been ,chaplain to ,charles ,i's nephew1 the ,prince ,palatine1 elder brother of ,prince ,rupert4 ,a ,parliament-man himself1 ,wilkins had taken the ,covenant and the ,wardenship of ,wadham1 and his ,theological ,degree4 ,under his tolerant rule1 ,wadham was flourishing1 still patronised by some of the great 8,malignant0 families of ,england3 ,dr4 ,wilkins's cheerful tolerance was greasing all wheels4 ,and meanwhile the ,warden himself was the life and spirit of the ,new ,philosophy at ,oxford--known1 not only for his universal curiosity and irresistible manners1 but as a writer of books4 ,had he not1 as early as #afch1 when still quite a young man1 attempted to prove that the ,moon might be a habitable world8 ,and had he not1 to a third edition1 added the bold hypothesis1 that the ,moon might one day be reached 8by volitation08 ,and in #afdj he had propounded in print the probability that this ,earth itself was a planet4 ,clearly1 the ,warden was before his time2 and many things besides the consciences of young cavalier-manhood were safe in his keeping4 ,and then there was ,dr4 ,wallis1 the mathematician1 since #afdi ,savilian ,professor of ,geometry4 ,wallis was about thirty-eight2 a man of 8moderate principles10 robust and energetic1 with a serene temper that was 8not easily ruffled10 but all the same a man who could hit out from the shoulder when he wanted to2 as he did when he carried on his famous controversy with ,dr4 ,hobbes4 ,wallis1 as a believer in the ,new ,philosophy1 was to be among the first men to 8maintain the circulation of the blood40 ,but the particular feat which had made ,wallis's fortune1 some years before he went to ,oxford1 was a feat in 8cryptologie40 ,in ,december #afdb he was private chaplain to a great family in ,london2 and one evening at supper a cypher letter had arrived1 which brought important political news4 ,the ,chaplain1 in two hours1 succeeded in deciphering it2 and after that he seems to have become 8cryptologist-in-chief0 to the ,parliamentarian ,army3 he is said to have had the deciphering of the ,king's private correspondence taken at the battle of ,naseby4 ,he held successive ,city livings1 was ,secretary to the ,westminster ,assembly1 and one of the founders of the ,invisible ,society4 ,and in #afdi--;a married man1 then--he went to ,oxford as ,savilian ,professor of ,geometry and one of the most vigorous of the 8learned ,junto40 ,dr4 ,goddard of ,wood ,street was another of them4 ,he was a ,deptford man1 son of a ship-builder2 in #afed a man of about thirty-seven4 ,he had been a student at ,oxford1 but had left it to study medicine abroad2 and on his return he had taken his medical degrees at ,cambridge4 ,since #afdf he had been in ,london1 a ,fellow of the ,college of ,physicians1 living in ,wood ,street1 where he entertained the ,invisibles and manufactured his arcana--the famous 8,goddard's drops0 among them--in his own private laboratory4 ,as ,cromwell's physician1 he had been with ,cromwell in the ,irish and ,scottish campaigns and in ,cromwell's severe illness in ,edinburgh2 and on his return with him to ,london1 after the battle of ,worcester1 he had been appointed ,warden of ,merton4 ,and living just opposite to ,merton ,college was the ,oxford-bred ,willis1 with his strong royalist and episcopal sympathies1 son-in-law of the stubborn old ,dean of ,christ ,church and the lady who had been deposited in the quadrangle4 ,willis was a greater man in his own profession than the inventor of 8,goddard's drops40 ,a firm believer in the ,new ,philosophy1 he was to dissect many brains3 a little bit of our cerebral geography is still known as the 8,circle of ,willis40 ,he is the man who discovered diabetes mellitus1 and he may be called our first specialist in diseases of the nervous system4 ,these1 with the 8miracle of a youth0 ,christopher ,wren1 then ,fellow of ,all ,souls1 and ,seth ,ward1 the dangerously witty ,savilian ,professor of ,astronomy1 who lodged in the chamber over the gateway of ,wadham1 formed the 8learned ,junto0 that welcomed ,robert ,boyle to ,oxford4 ,but the ,librarian of the ,bodleian1 ,dr4 ,barlow1#aih must not be forgotten1 though he was not an ,invisible1 and not at all in favour of the ,new ,philosophy4 ,boyle1 like many men of his time1 was a student of divinity as well as of science2 and he had come to ,oxford partly1 perhaps1 on account of the ,orientalists there4 ,for he was studying ,hebrew1 ,greek1 ,chaldee and ,syriac1 so as to be able to read the ,scriptures for himself4 ,he had learnt by himself1 he says1 8as much ,greek and ,hebrew as sufficed to read the ,old and ,new ,testaments10 merely that he might do so in the ,hebrew and ,greek1 and thereby free himself from the necessity of relying on a translation4 ,and 8a ,chaldee grammar ,i likewise took the pains of learning1 to be able to understand that part of ,daniel1 and those few other portions of ,scripture that were written in that tongue2 and ,i have added a ,syriac grammar purely to be able one day to read the divine discourses of our ,saviour in ,his own language40 ,and he quotes the 8known saying0-- 8,though we stream waters not unpleasant think1 ,yet with more gusto of the ,spring we drink40#aii ,accordingly the ,orientalists in ,oxford--men like ,pococke1 ,hyde and ,clarke--were to be among his new friends2 but perhaps the most intimate of all was ,dr4 ,barlow of the ,bodleian4 ,barlow1 logician and casuist1 the man who saw both sides--to our modern ideas a bit of a trimmer--was yet 8a man of prodigious learning and proportionall memory40 ,he knew exactly 8what the fathers1 schoolmen and casuists had said upon any question of divinity or case of conscience02#bjj and with all his accomplishments1 and in spite of his limitations1 he was a delightful companion--8very communicative of his knowledge0--and ,robert ,boyle liked him4 ,one other man there was1 a mere boy in #afed1 but in a way1 perhaps1 the most notable of them all3 a little deformed man1 with a pale1 sharp1 clever face1 and lank dark hair that hung about his eyes2 a man with a stooping figure and a quick step2 a queer little solitary man who ate little and slept less1 and worked restlessly and incessantly2 a man1 even in those young days1 of a melancholy1 jealous temper1 warped by ill-health4 ,this was ,robert ,hooke1 who had come to ,oxford in #afec1 when he was eighteen1 as servitor or chorister of ,christ ,church4 ,he was the sickly1 gifted son of a country parson1#bja and1 too delicate to learn lessons1 had used his little brain and fingers to make toy-ships that would sail1 toy-guns that would go off1 and toy-clocks that would go on4 ,then1 for a time1 he was with ,dr4 ,busby at ,westminster ,school2 and at ,christ ,church his restless genius brought him to the notice of the ,invisibles4 ,dr4 ,wilkins1 with his pet dream of an excursion to the ,moon1 must have been pleased to find a young man who could work out 8thirty ways of flying40 ,with ,seth ,ward's help1 ,hooke studied mathematics and astronomy2 and he worked for ,willis in ,willis's own laboratory4 ,it was ,willis who recommended him to ,boyle2 and when ,boyle set up a laboratory at ,oxford1 ,hooke became ,boyle's personal assistant4 8,boyle's ,law0#bjb and 8,hooke's ,law0#bjc go together in the ,handbooks of ,physical ,science4 ,the air-pump1 the ,machina ,boyleana1 invented for his own purposes by ,robert ,boyle1 was 8perfected0 for him by ,hooke4 8,mr4 ,hooke10 wrote ,boyle in the ,introduction to his ,spring of the ,air1#bjd 8was with me when ,i had these things under consideration40 ,the years spent working for and with ,robert ,boyle were perhaps the happiest in ,hooke's life4 ,his chatty letters to ,boyle1 after the two parted company and ,hooke became ,curator of the ,royal ,society1 show real affection and trust4 ,they begin 8,ever honoured ,sir10 and end 8,your ,honour's most affectionate1 most faithful1 and most humble ,servant40 ,but these things were not the work of a day or a year4 ,the air-pump was only the beginning1 to enable its inventor to make a 8just theory of the air40 ,by this he 8demonstrated its elasticity0 and 8that property alone was a means to find out abundance more40#bje ,boyle's first publication1 ,new ,experiments1 physico-mechanical1 touching the ,spring of the ,air and its ,effects1 made for the most part in a new ,pneumatical ,engine1 was printed at ,oxford1 #affj4bjf ,the dedicatory letter to his nephew1 the young ,lord ,dungarvan1 is dated from ,beaconsfield1 ,december #bj1 #afei--where1 in all probability1 ,boyle was spending ,christmas with his friend ,edmund ,waller1 the ,poet1 at his house1 ,hall ,barn4 ,the book was attacked by ,franciscus ,linus and by ,hobbes2 and ,boyle answered his 8objectors0 in the ,defence of the ,doctrine touching the ,spring and ,weight of the ,air1 published #affb1 answering more especially ,franciscus ,linus1 as ,dr4 ,wallis had taken ,hobbes in hand4 ,do people who are not scientifically employed ever realise the absorbing1 baffling1 fascinating work that goes on inside a chemical or a physical laboratory8 ,the 8painful patience in delays10 the 8faithfulness in little things10 the flash of success1 the hard wall of 8negative result08 ,who but the 8,scepticall ,chymist0 himself understands the ,spirit of his ,research8 8,but it is scarce one day 7or hour in the day7 or night10 wrote ,hartlib to ,boyle1 in #afei1 8but my soul is crying out-- 8#8,phosphore6 redde diem2 quid gaudia nostra moraris4 ,phosphore6 redde diem6'0#bjg ,it was in this spirit that ,robert ,boyle worked in his ,oxford laboratory1 through the years of the ,protectorate and on to the coming of ,charles ,,ii4 ,slowly and laboriously1 and very gently1 careful not to offend those from whom he dissented1 he amassed and examined evidences that were to break down the old mistaken notions of the ,greek and medival philosophy1 and to build up--a very little way1 perhaps1 but on a new and sure foundation--the mighty structure of physical and chemical science4 ,its golden keys were to be handed over to ,isaac ,newton and ,dalton1 and a long and brilliant line of workers in experimental science4 ,what if ,robert ,boyle1 in the seventeenth century1 spoke of phosphorus as 8nocte-luca0 and of gaseous elasticity as 8spring of the air80 ,dr4 ,wilkins1 of ,wadham1 was only then preparing his treatise on a ,real ,character4#bjh ,as early as #afdg1 ,boyle himself1 then only twenty1 wrote to ,hartlib3 8,if the design of the ,real ,character take effect1 it will in good part make amends to mankind for what their pride lost them at the tower of ,babel40#bji ,but even ,dr4 ,wilkins's ,real ,character would scarcely have been the vocabulary of to-day4 ,boyle's ,law1 in whatever words he expressed it1 remains incontrovertible4#baj ,what if he just missed the discovery of ,hydrogen after actually collecting it in a receiver8 ,the oversights of science are the inevitable dear companions of research4 ,what if1 after giving to science the definition of an element1 as distinguished from a mixture or compound1 he could not go further1 with the means then at hand1 by suggesting any one substance as elementary8 ,none the less1 he had realised and stated a great natural fact1 founding thereby a new era in science4 ,the 8,elements0 of the ,ancients1 that had terrified him in childhood1 were to be broken up2 their secrets were to be extorted from them1 for the good of mankind4 ,there is an echo of the old ,genevan thunderstorm1 and the older ,benedicite1 in ,boerhaave's eulogium of ,boyle--8to him we owe the secrets of fire1 air1 water1 animals1 vegetables and frosts02 but in modern times1 and in modern terms1 ,robert ,boyle has had his recognition-- 8,in the days of the early ,greeks1 the word #8element' was applied rather to denote a property of matter than one of its constituents4 ,thus1 when a substance was said to contain fire1 air1 water1 and earth 7of which terms a childish game1 doubtless once played by all of us1 is a relic71 it probably meant that they partook of the nature of the so-called elements4 ,inflammability showed the presence of concealed fire2 the escape of #8airs' when some substances are heated or when vegetable or animal matter is distilled1 no doubt led to the idea that these airs were imprisoned in the matters from which they escaped2 and hardness and permanence were ascribed to the presence of earth1 while liquidity and fusibility were properties conveyed by the presence of concealed water4 ,at a later date the #8,spagyrics' added three #8hypostatical principles' to the quadrilateral2 these were #8salt1' #8sulphur1' and #8mercury4' ,the first conveyed solubility1 and fixedness in fire2 the second1 inflammability1 and the third1 the power which some substances manifest of producing a liquid1 generally termed #8phlegm1' on application of heat1 or of themselves being converted into the liquid state by fusion4 8,it was ,robert ,boyle1 in his ,skeptical ,chymist1 who first controverted these ancient and medieval notions1 and who gave to the word #8element' the meaning that it now possesses--the constituent of a compound40#baa ,so the truths that ,robert ,boyle's writings held forth have1 in spite of opposition1 established themselves1 as he himself believed they would establish themselves1 in the minds of men4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,politics ,,and ,,philosophy 8,died that arch rebell ,oliver ,cromwell1 cal'd ,protector40--,,evelyn',s ,diary1 ,sept4 #c1 #afeh4 8,and if the common charity allowed to dead men be exercised towards him1 in burying his faults in the grave with himself1 and keeping alive the memory of his virtues and great aims and actions1 he will be allowed to have his place amongst the worthiest of men1 444 ,i doubt his loss will be a growing affliction upon these nations1 and that we shall learn to value him more by missing him--a perverseness of our nature that teaches us1 in every condition wherein we are1 therewith to be discontent1 by undervaluing what we have1 and overvaluing what we have lost4 ,i confess his performances reached not the making good of his professions2 but ,i doubt his performances may go beyond the professions of those who may come after him40--,,lady ,,ranelagh to ,,lord ,,broghill1 from ,youghal1 ,sept4 #ag1 #afeh4 8,o human glory vain6 ,o death6 ,o wings6 ,o worthless world6 ,o transitory things6 ,yet dwelt that greatness in his shape decayed ,that still1 though dead1 greater than death he laid1 ,and in his altered face you something feign ,that threatens ,death he yet will live again40 ,,andrew ,,marvell1 8,a ,poem upon the ,death of his ,late ,highness the ,lord ,protector40 8,my ,lady ,molkin10 ,charles ,rich's wife1 now lived almost always at delicious ,leeze4 ,for ,mary had long ago become devout1 and was surrounded by the ,earl of ,warwick's chaplains4 ,the story of her conversion has been told by herself4#bab ,when she was scarcely more than one-and-twenty1 her little son1 her only child--8which ,i then doated on with great fondness0--had fallen dangerously ill4 ,in her agony of mind1 ,mary1 like her brother ,robyn in the thunderstorm1 had made a vow to ,god4 ,if he would restore her child to her1 she would become 8a new creature40 ,the little boy recovered1 and ,mary 8began to find in myselfe a greate desire to go into the country1 which ,i never remember before to have had1 thinking it allways the saddest thing that could be when we were to remove40 ,it was indeed a great change for the little lady who had lived in 8constant crowds of company0 ever since she had left the care of ,lady ,clayton in ,cork4 ,even after her marriage with ,charles ,rich and her separation from ,frank's frivolous little wife ,betty1 ,mary had remained 8stedfastly set against being a ,puritan40 ,but after hearing the great ,usher preach 8against ,plays10 she had given up going to see them acted1 and her sister ,ranelagh had encouraged her in her new course of life4 ,moreover1 ,dr4 ,walker1 the household chaplain at ,leeze1 had preached 8very awakingly and warmly02 and though some of the ,warwick family were inclined to laugh at her1 ,mary pursued her own way1 stealing from them into the wilderness at ,leeze1 and keeping to her quiet life of reading1 meditation1 and prayer4 ,she was1 however1 at ,warwick ,house in ,holborn towards the end of #afdh1 after ,robert ,boyle had finished writing his ,seraphick ,love at ,leeze2 and in ,holborn ,mary fell ill of the smallpox4 ,lady ,ranelagh was then at her house in ,pall ,mall4 ,she had been fortunate enough to escape smallpox1 but she was not afraid to sit with her little sister1 who had been isolated in ,warwick ,house4 ,the great ,dr4 ,wright was in attendance--8,cromwell's ,physician10 the man afterwards chosen by the ,council to be sent1 with ,dr4 ,bates and an apothecary1 to consult with ,dr4 ,goddard when ,cromwell was so ill in ,edinburgh4 ,mary was scarcely convalescent when the news was brought to her sick-room of 8that barbarous and unheard-of wicked action of beheading ,charles ,i40#bac ,a year or two later1 while ,robert ,boyle was in ,ireland1 ,mary fell ill again2 this time 8strangely and extremely ill0 at delicious ,leeze4 ,poor ,charles ,rich once more sent post-haste for ,lady ,ranelagh1 who set out from ,london the very next morning4 ,she found ,my ,lady ,molkin in an extraordinary condition1 to all appearances well enough1 but1 8her disease lying more in stupidness than pain10 she was 8no more joyed0 to see her sister4 ,it was 8a mortifying encounter02 ,mary was 8the carcase of a friend10 her 8soul gone as to any rational use she had of it02 her 8kindness was dead40 ,nerves were little understood in those days4 ,the ,essex doctor diagnosed ,mary's illness as 8a spice of the palsy40 ,the ,warwick family talked of 8fumes of the spleen40 ,dr4 ,wright held a more modern opinion1 which he confided to ,lady ,ranelagh2 but he agreed with the opinion of the country doctor that the disease was 8very inward and hidden02 and ,lady ,ranelagh wrote to her brother ,robert in ,ireland that they were 8all going blindfold towards a cure40#bad ,charles ,rich and ,mary's mother-in-law had been 8very obligingly careful of1 and kind to1 her02 and as soon as ,mary was well enough ,lady ,ranelagh carried her off to ,london1 where1 under her sister's care and ,dr4 ,wright's1 she was once more restored to health4 ,lady ,ranelagh was1 in ,mary's own words1 8the most useful and best friend for soul and body that ever any person1 ,i think1 had40#bae ,somebody else thought so too4 ,in #afee ,lady ,ranelagh had known ,milton for ten years4 ,for the last six years ,milton had been ,latin ,secretary to the ,council of ,state2 and he was now living in the 8pretty garden house0 in ,petty ,france1 ,westminster1 next door to my ,lord ,scudamore1 and not far from ,lady ,ranelagh's house in the ,old ,mall4 ,if only as the great ,republican pamphleteer1 one of the chief ,state officials under the ,protectorate1 ,milton was a very eminent and important man1 visited by many 8persons of quality0 besides ,lady ,ranelagh1 and by all the learned foreigners of note who passed through ,london4 ,some of the old ,hartlib-,durie circle of the ,aldersgate and ,barbican days1 with ,milton's pupils1 ,henry ,lawrence and ,cyriack ,skinner1 came about ,milton almost daily2 and among his more recent friends was the ,agent for ,bremen1 ,mr4 ,henry ,oldenburg4 ,durie himself1 who was ,keeper of the library at ,st4 ,james's1 was a near neighbour4 ,milton's wife1 poor ,mary ,powell1 and their little son had been about three years dead2 and the widower had been left with three little girls1 the youngest but a month or two old at the mother's death4 ,in #afee they were nine1 seven1 and three years old1 and were being brought up1 in strange1 motherless fashion1 in the house in ,petty ,france2 while ,milton himself1 with the help of readers and amanuenses1 pursued his work for the ,council through all the difficulties of his blindness4 ,for ,milton was now quite blind4#baf ,it was to visit this ,milton--the ,latin ,secretary1 blind among his books--that ,lady ,ranelagh used so frequently to knock at the door of the pretty garden-house in ,petty ,france4 ,her boy1 ,dick ,jones1 who was now fifteen1 had1 like his cousin young ,lord ,barrymore1 been one of ,milton's pupils1 and was probably at this very time taking his private lessons with ,mr4 ,milton in preparation for a year at ,oxford--to be followed by a foreign tour--with ,henry ,oldenburg as his tutor4 ,and ,lady ,ranelagh herself1 fired1 perhaps1 by her brother ,robert's study of ,oriental languages1 and under ,milton's influence1 was taking lessons in ,hebrew of a ,scottish divine who lodged in ,holborn4 ,a year later--some time in ,october #afef--;,dick ,jones and ,henry ,oldenburg were settled at ,oxford1 where ,dick's cousins1 the ,earl of ,cork's two sons1 were already at the ,university1#bag with their tutor1 ,peter du ,moulin1 in attendance on them2 and all five were basking in the personality of the virtuoso-uncle1 ,mr4 ,robert ,boyle4 ,henry ,oldenburg and ,peter du ,moulin were both to become protgs of ,robert ,boyle4#bah ,henry ,oldenburg especially was to link himself with the ,invisibles and the future ,royal ,society2 and it was probably in the ,oxford laboratory that ,henry ,oldenburg won ,robert ,boyle's admiration1 and that ,dick ,jones first learned to dabble in experimental science and earned for himself his uncle's sobriquet1 8,pyrophilus40#bai ,meantime1 ,henry ,oldenburg and ,dick ,jones had kept up a correspondence with ,mr4 ,milton in ,london1 and ,milton had written kindly to his 8well-beloved ,richard40 ,milton's letters to ,dick ,jones are in ,latin1 and there is more than a touch of the pedagogue in their tone4 ,it seems likely1 in the light of after events1 that the brilliant ,dick had already caused his mother some uneasiness of mind1 and that she hoped much from this year at ,oxford1 with her brother ,robert ,boyle as mentor1 before ,dick and ,henry ,oldenburg set out on their foreign tour4 ,in ,october #afef ,lady ,ranelagh was herself in ,oxford3 she had taken it on her way to ,ireland1 whither she was bound on a long visit1 with her daughters1 servants1 and eight horses4#bbj ,and she had brought with her to ,oxford a letter from ,mr4 ,milton to her son ,dick4 ,the blind secretary1 left behind in ,london1 was missing ,lady ,ranelagh's frequent kindly knock at the door of the garden-house in ,petty ,france-- 8,and now your most excellent mother10 ,milton wrote to ,dick ,jones at ,oxford1 8on her way to ,ireland1 whose departure ought to be a matter of no ordinary regret to both of us 7for to me also she has stood in the place of all kith and kin71 carries you this letter herself40 ,as a matter of fact ,milton must have been thinking of his own domestic affairs when he wrote to ,dick ,jones1 for he was to marry his second wife1 ,katharine ,woodcock1 shortly after ,lady ,ranelagh's departure4 ,but the words 8to me also0 carry a special meaning2 for ,lord ,ranelagh1 between whom and his wife there had long been estrangement1 can have taken little part in his son's upbringing4 ,the mother had been left to bring up her children--to stand for them1 as for ,milton1 in the place of 8all kith and kin40 ,and1 after all1 ,dick was not a good boy--he was but the son of his father4#bba ,lord ,broghill had been quartered lately in ,edinburgh4 ,he had remained in ,ireland for some time after ,cromwell had re-conquered it4 ,he had sat in ,cromwell's ,parliament of #afed as ,member for ,cork1 and he was ,member for ,cork and ,edinburgh in the ,parliament of #afef4 ,in #afee he had been appointed ,president of ,council 7,head of the ,civil ,establishment of the new ,government in ,scotland71 with his headquarters in ,edinburgh2 and according to ,baillie he was more popular in ,scotland than 8all the ,english that ever were among us40 ,but the ,scottish atmosphere was not to ,broghill's liking1 and in #afeg he was back in ,london1 where he was to prove himself one of the most energetic of ,cromwell's supporters in the last stage of the ,protectorate4 ,his philosopher-brother1 all this time1 had held himself studiously aloof from political parties and 8affairs40 ,cromwell was approaching his zenith when ,robert ,boyle went to ,oxford4 ,the great warship1 newly built in the spring of #afee--;a ship of #ajjj tons burthen1 carrying #if brass guns--had for the figurehead in her prow ,oliver on horseback1 trampling six nations underfoot4 ,scot1 ,irishman1 ,dutchman1 ,frenchman1 ,spaniard1 and ,englishman1 in their several national garbs1 lay under his horse's hoofs4 8,a ,fame10 wrote ,evelyn in his ,diary1 after inspecting the ship as she lay in the dock1 8held a laurel over his insulting head3 the word1 ,god with us40 ,poor ,evelyn1 bereft of his ,church services1 lamenting that there was 8no more notice taken of ,christmas ,day in our ,churches10 smuggling a ,clergyman into his house at ,deptford to administer the ,sacrament1 or stealing up to receive it in ,dr4 ,wild's lodging in ,fleet ,street1 could yet not resist going to look at the new warship in the dock2 to hear ,dr4 ,wilkins preach before the ,lord ,mayor in ,st4 ,paul's1 a very common-sense sermon on the superiority of obedience to sacrifice2 to stare at the proud and melancholy ,quakers who were hunger-striking in prison2 and even to peep into ,whitehall itself1 now 8very glorious and well-furnished0 for the ,protector4 ,it was no doubt ,evelyn's many-sidedness that made life bearable in what to him was 8a dangerous and treacherous time40 ,ships and prisons and persecuted clergy1 rare jewels1 miniatures1 8achates and intalias10 carved wood1 other people's houses and gardens and picture-galleries1 the 8incomparable pieces0 that he loved to look at1 and the incomparable performances of violin and theorbo and human voice that he loved to listen to--these were the things that made ,evelyn happy1 and his ,diary so fascinating4 ,above all1 perhaps1 his passion was for 8curiosities40 ,he was almost as 8universally curious0 as ,dr4 ,wilkins of ,wadham himself4 ,those were red-letter days when he could examine a clock1 whose sole balance was a crystal ball sliding on parallel wires1 or a ,terrella1 showing all the magnetical deviations1 or an elixir1 or a perspective1 or a way-wiser1 or the charring of sea-coal2 or when he had a glimpse into the 8elaboratory0 of an aristocratic friend1 or a gossip about all and sundry with worthy ,mr4 ,hartlib or ,dr4 ,wilkins himself4 ,it may have been ,wilkins or it may have been ,hartlib who1 in the spring of #afef1 brought ,boyle and ,evelyn together4#bbb ,the good ,hartlib was a friend of both4 ,robert ,boyle was then in ,london2 but whether or no to hear ,wilkins's sermon in ,st4 ,paul's on the ,superiority of ,conformity to ,sacrifice1 is not recorded4 ,in ,april1 at any rate1 the acquaintance between ,evelyn and ,boyle had begun1 and ,boyle and ,wilkins were guests at a little dinner-party given by ,evelyn at ,sayes ,court4 ,it was then that ,evelyn presented ,wilkins with his 8rare burning-glass10 in return1 probably1 for the beehive that ,wilkins had given him during that visit to ,oxford in #afed4 ,and after dinner1 the little company adjourned to look at ,colonel ,blount's 8new-invented plows40 ,the friendship so pleasantly begun was to last for nearly forty years4 ,it is to be remembered that ,robert ,boyle's mother and ,mrs4 ,evelyn's family#bbc were related2 that ,sayes ,court had belonged to the ,brownes1 and had come to ,evelyn through his wife2 and that little ,hodge1 ,robert ,boyle's eldest brother1 had many years before died at ,sayes ,court1 and been buried in ,deptford ,church4 ,boyle and ,evelyn were men of very different natures2 but they had memories1 sympathies1 and friends in common4 ,their intercourse soon grew 8reciprocal and familiar02 and it is to ,evelyn we owe the finest and most intimate description that exists of ,robert ,boyle4#bbd ,boyle was to return to ,experimental ,philosophy at ,oxford1 where the lion and the lamb proverbially lay down together then as now2--the lion1 as it has been wittily said1 sometimes with the lamb in its inside4 ,and ,evelyn and his family at ,sayes ,court were to live on as pleasantly as possible1 8the times considered40 ,in #afeg the ,protectorate was in its last stage4 ,in ,june1 ,cromwell was 8his ,highness10 a monarch in arbitrariness and splendour1 with all the formalities of purple velvet1 ,bible1 sword1 and sceptre--everything1 indeed1 except the ,crown1 and a good many things that the ,crown itself might not have had4 ,lord ,broghill1 back in ,london1 and one of ,cromwell's ,house of ,lords1 had been one of the prime movers in the ,petition and ,advice1 which pressed ,cromwell to accept the ,kingship2 and report says1 that when that failed1 ,broghill's 8well-armed head0 was filled with an even bolder project1 an alliance between ,cromwell's youngest daughter ,frances and ,charles ,,ii4 ,this1 too1 came to nothing2 and in ,november #afeg ,cromwell's daughter ,frances was married to the old ,earl of ,warwick's grandson1 son of ,charles ,rich's elder brother4 ,this boy died in the sickly spring of #afeh1 four months after his wedding2 and the old ,earl of ,warwick's death in ,april left ,charles ,rich heir-presumptive to the ,earldom of ,warwick4 ,the winter of #afeg-h had been1 according to ,evelyn1 the severest winter that any man alive had known in ,england4 8,the crowes feete were frozen to their prey1 ,islands of ice inclos'd both fish and fowl frozen44440 ,it was on ,christmas ,day that ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,evelyn went into ,london to receive the ,communion in ,exeter ,chapel1 and that the ,chapel was surrounded by soldiers and the communicants surprised and taken prisoners--the soldiers' muskets pointed at them as they knelt before the ,altar4 ,the ,evelyns were allowed to go home2 and a month after this memorable ,communion1 in ,january #afeh1 they lost their little prodigy of an eldest son--just five years old--who died of a quartan ague4 8,such a child ,i never saw3 ,for such a child ,i blesse ,god in whose bosome he is60 ,he was buried in ,deptford ,church2 and a week or two later their youngest child followed him1 8after #g weeks languishing at nurse1 breeding teeth1 and ending in a dropsie40 ,the season was still very cold and sickly1 and in ,may a public ,fast was ordered 8to avert an epidemical sicknesse1 very mortal this ,spring40 ,but in spite of the ,fast1 ,june came in with an extraordinary storm of hail and rain1 8the season as cold as winter1 the wind ,northerly nere #f moneths40 ,it may have been in consequence of this epidemic1 following on an unhealthy winter1 that ,hartlib was even more than usually curious about the ingredients of certain arcana--or medical 8secrets0 as he always called them4 ,he mentioned one1 in particular1 in a letter to ,robert ,boyle1 dated ,february #b1 #afeh4 ,hartlib himself had been a sufferer from the 8extremity of the frosty weather40 ,it appears from ,hartlib's letter to ,boyle that ,mr4 ,milton had in his possession a 8secret0 which ,hartlib1 and apparently ,boyle also1 was at this time anxious to obtain4 8,i shall not be wanting10 wrote ,hartlib to ,boyle1 8to obtain that secret which hath been imparted to ,mr4 ,milton4 ,it may be the public gentleman1 that sent it unto him1 will let me have a copy1 in case the other should not come off readily with the communication of it4 ,but if yours#bbe would ask it from ,mr4 ,milton1 ,i am confident he would not deny it40 ,if by 8yours0 ,hartlib meant ,lady ,ranelagh1 that lady was still in ,ireland1 on difficult domestic business of her own1 and far away from the garden-house in ,petty ,france2 and ,dick ,jones and ,henry ,oldenburg were on their 8peregrination0 abroad4 ,whether or no ,mr4 ,milton was induced to part with his prescription remains unrelated4 ,hartlib's letter to ,boyle was written on ,february #b1 and only a few days later ,milton's second wife died--the baby girl she had borne him in ,october was to live on into ,march4 ,that spring1 in his darkness and solitude1 ,milton's mind was turning once more to his scheme of a ,paradise ,lost4 ,it was not exactly a time for ,mr4 ,hartlib to trouble him about a prescription4 ,the news of ,cromwell's illness fell like a thunderbolt on the nation4 ,the people about him had known that all through that cold1 unhealthy summer of #afeh the burdens of ,state1 heavy as they were1 were not for ,cromwell so hard to bear as the sight of a much-loved daughter's sufferings4 ,the ,cromwell family were gathered round ,lady ,claypole's couch when she died at ,hampton ,court on ,august #f4 ,cromwell himself was ill1 even then1 though for another fortnight his illness was as much as possible concealed1 and he was able intermittently to attend to ,state business1 and on some days even to show himself1 riding with his ,life ,guards in the ,park at ,hampton ,court4 ,on ,august #ba it became known that the ,protector was very ill of an ague1 which his ,physicians called a 8bastard tertian02 but on the #bdth they were able to remove their patient from ,hampton ,court to ,whitehall1 where again1 between the ague-fits1 till ,august #bh1 the ,iron ,man transacted public business4 ,on that day the fits of ague changed their character2 the 8bastard tertian0 had changed to 8double tertian0--with two very exhausting ague-fits in the twenty-four hours3 ,his ,highness's strength was failing4 ,next day1 ,sunday the #bith1 prayers were offered up in the ,churches4 8,and then came that extraordinary ,monday 7,august #cj1 #afeh7 which lovers of coincidence have taken care to remember as the day of most tremendous hurricane that ever blew over ,london and ,england4 ,from morning to night the wind raged and howled1 emptying the streets1 unroofing houses1 tearing up trees in the parks1 foundering ships at sea1 and taking even ,flanders and the coasts of ,france within its angry whirl4 ,the storm was felt1 within ,england1 as far as ,lincolnshire1 where1 in the vicinity of an old manor house1 a boy of fifteen years of age1 named ,isaac ,newton1 was turning it to account1 as he afterwards remembered1 by jumping first with the wind1 and then against it1 and computing its force by the difference of the distances44440#bbf ,cromwell died on ,september #c1 and the news had reached ,ireland by ,september #ag4 ,on ,september #ag ,lady ,ranelagh1 in ,youghal1 wrote the long letter to her brother ,lord ,broghill1 an extract from which stands at the head of this chapter4 ,the man who a few days before 8shooke all ,europe by his fame and forces0 was dead2 and with his death the face of ,british history was changed4 ,in ,cromwell ,lady ,ranelagh herself had lost a generous and powerful friend2 and in the last part of her letter she reverts1 sadly enough1 to what she calls 8the penny half-penny of my own particular40 ,for ,cromwell had helped her not only with her ,irish estates1 but with her recalcitrant husband4 8,his now ,highness10 she says of ,richard ,cromwell1 8seems not to me so proper a person to summon my lord#bbg or to deal with him in such an affair as his father did1 from whose authority and severety against such practices as my lord's are1 ,i thought the utmost would be done that either persuasions or advice would have effected upon my lord 444 soe1 as there being little hopes left of bringing him to reason either here or there1 ,i thinke my present work is to seeke a maintenance for me and my children without him40 ,she had consented1 she says1 some time before1 to 8retyre0 among her own friends from 8my lord's oppressions02 and she can now 8remove lightly01 not having much wealth to gather together4 ,owing to 8the unreasonableness of my lord0 her children 8are neither like to be preferred in marriage nor prepared for the narrow condition their father's obstinacy condemns them to live in40 ,she wishes people to know that 8,i left not my lord upon humour1 but necessety1 and that in soe doing ,i sought privacy and submitted to scarsety than persued a croud or designed aboundance to myselfe40#bbh ,the friendship between ,boyle and ,evelyn was at this time ripening in letters--letters about books1 and the shapes of fruits1 and recipes for varnish1 and many other things--which passed between ,evelyn at ,sayes ,court1 and ,boyle at ,oxford4 ,in one of these letters#bbi ,evelyn imparted to ,boyle his pet scheme of a resident 8philosophic mathematic college10 to be built some five-and-twenty miles out of ,london1 where 8some gentlemen whose geniuses are greatly suitable might form themselves into a ,society10 and live 8somewhat after the manner of ,carthusians40 ,evelyn had planned it out to the smallest detail--the thirty or forty acres of land to be acquired1 with 8tall wood0 and upland pasture1 8sweetly irrigated40 ,the house itself was to be a 8goodly pavilion0 containing gallery1 refectory1 library1 withdrawing-room1 kitchen1 larders1 service-rooms and what-not1 all 8well and nobly furnished02 and opposite to the house 8towards the wood0 was to be erected a 8pretty chapel0 and 8six apartments or cells for members of the ,society40 ,and then ,evelyn1 prince of gardeners1 goes on to describe the 8elaboratory0 in the grounds1 with 8a repository for rarities and things of nature02 the aviary1 dove-house1 physic-garden1 kitchen-garden1 plantation of orchard fruit1 stalls for one or two horses1 and conservatory for tender plants4 ,the philosophers were to be allowed to play at bowls and chess1 and walk--presumably two and two--in the garden paths4 ,and ,mrs4 ,evelyn1 paragon of wives1 had cheerfully consented to go and live there1 and allow her husband to be a ,carthusian1 while she1 located apparently in solitary glory in the ,pavilion1 reigned over the refectory and the domestic staff4 ,this last was to consist of 8a chaplain well qualified10 an 8ancient woman to dress the meat10 a man to buy provisions and keep the garden and stable1 and a boy to run about doing everything else4 ,robert ,boyle must have smiled as he read ,evelyn's enthusiastic letter1 culminating in its pseudo-,carthusian ,orders-- 8,at six in summer prayers in chapel4 ,to study till half-an-hour after eleven4 ,dinner in the refectory till one4 ,retire till four4 ,then called to conversation 7if the weather invite7 abroad1 else in the refectory4 ,this never omitted but in case of sickness4 ,prayers at seven4 ,to bed at nine4 ,in the winter the same1 with some abatements for the hours2 because the nights are tedious1 and the evening's conversation more agreeable4 ,this in the refectory4 ,all ,play interdicted1 sans bowls1 chess1 etc4 ,everyone to cultivate his own garden4 ,one month in spring a course in the elaboratory on vegetables1 etc4 ,in the winter a month on other experiments4 ,every man to have a key of the elaboratory1 pavilion1 library1 repository1 etc4 ,weekly fast4 ,communion once every fortnight1 or month1 at least4 ,no stranger to be easily admitted to visit any of the ,society1 but upon certain days weekly1 and that only after dinner4444 ,every ,thursday shall be a music-meeting at conversation hours44440 ,and once a week every philosopher was to 8render a public account of his studies10 and every man was to wear 8a decent habit or uniform02 and1 oh bliss6 8one month in the year may be spent in ,london1 or any of the ,universities1 or in a perambulation for the public benefit40 ,how the ,philosophers would prance6 ,this was on ,september #c1 #afei1 the first anniversary of ,cromwell's death4 ,a week or two later1 ,evelyn wrote again4#bcj ,he had been reading ,boyle's ,seraphick ,love1 probably in manuscript1 since it did not appear in print till #affj4 ,the 8incomparable book0 seemed to ,evelyn to have been 8indicted with a pen snatched from the wing of a seraphim40 8,i extremely loved you before10 he wrote1 8but my heart is infinitely knit to you now40 ,and yet1 the pity of it6 ,there is a cry of appeal in poor ,evelyn's letter to his friend1 and there is no further mention of any ,carthusian ,college4 ,the little cells1 and the chess1 and the bowls1 and the philosophers walking two and two along the garden paths are for the moment forgotten2 and in their places comes a shadowy procession of fair and virtuous women-- 8,what think you1 ,sir1 of ,alceste1 that ran into the funeral pile of her husband8 ,the goodness of ,aemilia1 the chastity of ,lucretia1 the faith of ,furia1 of ,portia8444 ,take away this love1 and the whole earth is but a desert60 ,as for ,st4 ,paul's remarks1 ,evelyn thinks very little of them2 they were all very well for an itinerant apostle in a time of persecution1 but 8he confesses he had no command from the ,lord40 ,and what pious and studious wives some of the philosophers have had6 ,take1 for example1 ,pudentilla1 who 8held the lamp to her husband's lucubrations40 ,and good ,madame ,grotius1 and others2 while1 not to go abroad1 in ,london itself1 8the committee-chambers1 the parliament-lobby1#bca are sad but evident testimonies of the patience1 and the address1 the love1 and the constancy of those gentle creatures44440 ,is there no hope that ,mr4 ,boyle may relent1 and realise that if ,love be virtuous it is seraphic8 ,at least he may remember that in paradise1 and in the ark1 8there were but couples there1 and every creature was in love40 99 99 99 99 99 ,manuscript copies of ,seraphick ,love were evidently in circulation4 ,a pirated and incorrect copy had been offered for sale to a ,london stationer1 who had communicated with ,mr4 ,boyle2 and ,boyle1 who had long refused1 was persuaded at last to publish it himself4 ,it may have been in proof-form that ,evelyn1 in ,september #afei1 read the little treatise--written eleven years before by a very sad young man at delicious ,leeze4 ,eleven years had not altered ,mr4 ,boyle's convictions2 and ,seraphick ,love was to be one of the most notable1 if the least characteristic1 publications of the 8,annus ,mirabilis40#bcb ,meantime the year #afei was to be memorable to another branch of the ,boyle family4 ,on ,may #cj1 ,charles ,rich's elder brother1 who had so recently succeeded to the earldom1 died2 and ,charles ,rich and my ,lady ,molkin found themselves ,earl and ,countess of ,warwick4 ,five days before1 ,richard ,cromwell had abdicated4 ,the months of ,richard's ,protectorate had been1 as all the world knows1 months of dire confusion4 ,with one man's death1 the whole fabric of a great ,republic had crumbled into dust4 ,lady ,ranelagh came back to her house in the ,mall to find a very different ,london from the ,london she had left three years before4 8,the nation10 ,evelyn has recorded in his ,diary1 8was in extreame confusion and unsettl'd1 between the ,armies and the ,sectaries40 8,several ,pretenders and ,parties10 he wrote1 8strive for the ,government3 all anarchy and confusion2 ,lord1 have mercy on us60#bcc ,as long as it was possible1 ,lord ,broghill seems to have supported ,richard's protectorate2#bcd but before ,richard's abdication ,broghill and ,coote were back in ,ireland1 and ,broghill in command of ,munster and ,coote in ,connaught were both working for ,charles ,,ii's return4 ,early in #affj1 ,monk in ,england and ,coote and ,broghill in ,ireland were in communication with the ,royal ,orphan4 ,broghill's letter to ,charles was carried to ,breda by the sweet-spirited ,frank3 it is said to have been in ,charles's hands before ,monk's emissary had done his work4#bce ,broghill's proposal1 however1 that ,charles should land in ,ireland proved superfluous4 ,monk's offers were eagerly accepted4 ,sir ,edward ,montagu--afterwards ,earl of ,sandwich--was sent to ,the ,hague to bring back ,charles ,,ii2 and on ,may #h1 #affj1 8after a most bloudy and unreasonable rebellion of neere #bj years10#bcf ,charles ,,ii was proclaimed in ,london4 ,on ,may #bi1 he was there4 ,amid the blare of trumpets1 #bj1jjj horse and foot brandished their swords and shouted aloud for joy4 ,the pavements were strewn with flowers1 the bells of the ,city rang out1 the fountains poured out wine among the people4 ,ladies leaned over the windows and balconies3 the ,lords and ,gentlemen made a brave show in their rich velvets and cloth of gold4 8,i stood10 says ,evelyn1 8in the ,strand1 and beheld it1 and bless'd ,god60#bcg ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,the ,,restoration ,,and ,,the ,,royal ,,society 8,thence to ,whitehall2 where1 in the ,duke's chamber1 the ,king come and stayed an hour or two laughing at ,sir ,w4 ,petty1 who was there about his boate1#bch and at ,gresham ,college in general2 at which poor ,petty was1 ,i perceive1 at some loss1 but did argue discreetly1 and bear the unreasonable follies of the ,king's objections and other bystanders with great discretion2 and offered to take oddes against the ,king's best boates1 but the ,king would not lay1 but cried him down with words only4 ,gresham ,college he mightily laughed at1 for spending time in weighing of ayre1 and doing nothing else since they sat40--,,pepys',s ,diary1 ,february #a1 #affd4 8,bacon1 like ,moses1 led us forth at last1 ,the barren wilderness he past1 ,did on the very border stand ,of the blest promis'd ,land1 ,and from the ,mountains-top of his ,exalted ,wit ,saw it himself and shew'd us it4 ,but life did never to one man allow ,time to discover ,worlds and ,conquer too3 444 ,for who on things remote can fix his sight ,that's always in a ,triumph or a ,fight80 ,lines to the ,royal ,society1 by ,,abraham ,,cowley4 7,prefixed to the ,history of the ,royal ,society of ,london1 by ,,thos4 ,,sprat1 #affg47 ,two of the ,boyle brothers were among the recipients of ,king's ,honours at the ,restoration3 the old ,earl would have been proud of his sons4 8,dear ,broghill10 who1 with each shake of the political kaleidoscope1 showed himself like a bright central bit of glass1 about which the smaller pieces fell together into a new combination1--was created ,earl of ,orrery1 with a brilliant career of soldier-politician and dramatist before him4 ,as ,president of ,munster1 and one of the ,lords ,justices of ,ireland1 he was to make his headquarters at ,charleville1 with frequent visits to ,england4 ,and the sweet-spirited ,frank1 the boy hero of ,liscarrol1 became ,viscount ,shannon1 and a ,privy ,councillor4 ,not much is known of ,frank's after life1 except that he lived and brought up his family on his ,irish estate at ,shannon ,park4 ,he seems1 following the example set by his literary brothers1 to have ventured1 at least once1 into print4#bci ,his wife1 the 8black ,betty0 of the letters1 is better known to posterity than her husband1 for she is remembered not only as ,viscountess ,shannon1 the mother of ,frank's children1 but as the brilliant sister of ,tom ,killigrew1 the wit and profligate1 and as the mother of one of ,charles ,,ii's natural daughters4#bdj ,the fortunes of the ,royalist elder brother1 ,lord ,cork1 who had been diligently nursing the family fortunes through the ,protectorate1 were now so far reinstated that he was able to do for ,charles ,,ii what the ,great ,earl had done for ,charles ,i4 ,he assisted an impecunious king with sums of money2 and in recognition of his services he was1 in #affc1 to be created ,earl of ,burlington in the ,english ,peerage4 ,presently1 the great town house--,burlington ,house in ,piccadilly--was being built1 next door to the ,lord ,chancellor's4#bda ,the families of ,cork and ,clarendon were to be further united by the marriage of ,lord ,clarendon's son and ,lord ,burlington's daughter2 and another daughter was to marry ,lord ,hinchinbroke1 son of the ,earl of ,sandwich1 who1 as ,admiral of the ,fleet 7with ,pepys as his secretary71 had brought ,charles back from ,the ,hague4 ,the prosperous and good-natured ,earl of ,burlington1 treading softly with his compeers in the ,matted ,gallery at ,whitehall1 or making one of the group of courtiers about my ,lord ,duke in his ,chamber1 was of all the ,cork family the likest to the great ,earl in his ingenuous love of comfort and display4 ,he thoroughly enjoyed his position as head of the family4 ,it is told of him that1 sailing down the ,thames in some gay barge-load of noble company1 he would never forget to raise his hat when he came in sight of ,deptford ,church4 8,have ,i not reason80 he would say2 and he would tell how there1 in ,deptford ,church1 little ,hodge1 the first-born1 lay buried1 and how by this child's death1 so many years before1 he1 ,richard ,boyle1 the second son1 had come to be ,earl of ,cork4 ,lady ,ranelagh1 back from ,ireland1 had her reservations about the luxurious living at 8my brother ,corke's40 8,alas60 she wrote to ,robert ,boyle1 not long before the ,restoration1 8the ,entertainment of ,lords1 ,ladies1 and ,reasonable ,creatures are yet several things1 to the great grief of your ,k4 ,r40#bdb ,but the ,earl and his ,countess had always been popular people4 ,after the ,restoration1 when their daughter ,anne married young ,lord ,hinchinbroke1 the ,earl of ,sandwich's son1 ,lady ,sandwich's gratification in this alliance knew no bounds3 8,they are very good condition1 wise and chearfull people10 she wrote just after the wedding4 8,she0 7the bride7 8hath a very fine free kind way of writing soe have they all1 something ,mr4 ,boiles styll40#bdc ,and poor ,pepys1 much hurt by not having received 8a favour0 after the ,hinchinbroke wedding1 was mollified when he met my ,lord of ,burlington at ,whitehall2 for ,lord ,burlington1 8first by hearing the ,duke of ,york call me by my name did come to me and with great respect take notice of me and my relation to my ,lord ,sandwich1 and express great kindness to me40 ,and not long after this little interview ,pepys was at ,burlington ,house1 burning his periwig in the candle out of sheer nervousness4 ,little wonder2 for he had just seen for the first time and saluted my ,lady ,burlington--the ,lady ,dungarvan of the old ,dublin days1 for whom the plums on the ,lismore plum tree had been kept when she was expecting her first baby4#bdd 8,a very fine-speaking lady1 and a good woman10 says ,pepys2 8but old and not handsome1 but a brave woman40 ,he was to see more of her daughter1 young ,lady ,hinchinbroke4 8,i cannot say she is a beauty1 nor ugly10 wrote the truthful ,pepys2 but he had saluted her too1 and she had been 8mighty civil0 on the occasion2 a very good-humoured young niece1 this of ,robert ,boyle's1 8a lover of books and pictures and of good understanding40 ,in honour of the young couple1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,pepys ventured on a little dinner-party1 which ,pepys had 8much in his head0 till it was successfully over1 and for which he purchased his new 8pewter sesterne40 ,the dinner was good and plentiful1 and the company mighty merry4 8,most of the discourse10 ,pepys adds navely1 8was of my ,lord ,sandwich and his family1 as being all of us of the family40#bde 99 99 99 99 99 ,burlington--,orrery--,shannon4 ,robert ,boyle1 in ,oxford1 was1 of all the great ,earl's sons surviving1 to remain 8,mr4 ,boyle0--a virtuoso and an 8,honourable ,person40 ,he could have been a peer1 he could have been a bishop1 he could have been ,provost of ,eton4 ,it is said he repeatedly refused a peerage4 ,he certainly1 not long after the ,restoration1 declined to take ,orders with a view to a ,bishopric4 8,he was treated with great civility and respect10 says ,birch1 8by the ,king as well as by the ,earl of ,southampton1 ,lord ,high ,treasurer1 and the ,earl of ,clarendon1 ,lord ,chancellor of ,england40 ,but to ,robert ,boyle the heirdom of a great family was 8but a glittering kind of slavery10 and 8titular greatness0 seemed to him 8an impediment to the knowledge of many retired truths40#bdf ,he believed that the less he participated in the patrimonies of the ,church the more influence he should have in things religious4 ,and besides--as he explained in after years to ,bishop ,burnet--he had felt 8no inward motion to it by the ,holy ,ghost40 ,for the same reason he would not be ,provost of ,eton4 ,how little ,sir ,henry ,wotton1 sitting on the bank by ,black ,pots in the company of ,izaak ,walton1 could have foreseen that the 8,spiritay ,robyn0 would one day be asked to be his successor as ,provost of ,eton6 ,robert ,boyle had chosen his way of life3 he desired to be free to pursue knowledge for the good of mankind in the service of ,god4 ,he would not fetter himself by tests and oaths2 he could not alter his character4 ,he had1 as he himself expresses it1 8a great 7and perhaps peculiar7 tenderness in point of oaths40#bdg ,and so there is no record of him in the ,matted ,gallery1 no glimpse of him in lawn sleeves1 or with diamond hatband among the ,courtiers1 or among the nice critics of the ,restoration ,drama1 who no longer cared for ,shakespeare3 8,i saw ,hamlet ,prince of ,denmark played10 says ,evelyn1#bdh 8but now the old plays begin to disgust this refined age1 since his ,majesties being so long abroad40 ,it is extremely doubtful if ,robert ,boyle ever witnessed a performance of 8dear ,broghill's0 ,mustapha1 even when ,betterton and ,ianthe took the chief parts1 and the ,king and ,lady ,castlemaine1 and 8pretty witty ,nell0 were there to see it4#bdi ,glimpses of ,robert ,boyle there are1 however1 in those first years of the ,restoration4 ,up to the very end of #afei he had been living in ,oxford1 making the journey by coach now and then between ,oxford and the ,london of his tastes4 ,he was busy with his air-pump and his laboratory experiments and the publication of his ,seraphick ,love1 and he was in correspondence with ,dick ,jones and ,henry ,oldenberg in ,paris1 and with ,evelyn and ,hartlib in ,london4 8,your most noble letter10 writes ,hartlib to ,boyle at ,oxford2 but ,boyle's letters of this date to ,hartlib do not seem to be extant4 ,hartlib's to ,boyle were full of all sorts of gossip1 home and foreign1 and political even more than scientific4 ,for ,hartlib1 in his old character of universal newsagent1 was still able to pick up little bits of information at ,westminster and in the ,city2 and he sent ,boyle a good deal of gossip about the intrigues and factions of those last months of anarchy under ,monk's dictatorship2 about ,bradshaw's death1 and the movements of ,lambert1 ,desborough1 ,fleetwood1 ,vane1 and ,monk himself2 and the mysterious person of whom he wrote as 8,c4 ,s410 over the water4 ,and when 8,c4 ,s40 was actually back in ,london and the ,restoration was a fait accompli1 ,robert ,boyle and his air-pump were in ,london also1 both to be received with open arms by the ,invisibles1 and especially by ,evelyn and the good ,hartlib1 now old and ill1 and very poor1 since his pension under a ,commonwealth ,government had stopped4 8,i went to ,chelsey to visit ,mr4 ,boyle10 writes ,evelyn1#bej 8and see his pneumatic engine perform divers experiments40 ,and1 8,to visite ,mr4 ,boyle in ,chelsey1 and saw divers effects of the ,eolipile for weighing aire40#bea ,but1 meantime1 the weeks and months that followed immediately on the ,restoration--weeks and months occupied with the passage of the ,indemnity ,bill through the ,convention ,parliament and with the trial of the ,regicides--must have been a painful time for ,robert ,boyle and for his sister ,ranelagh4 ,lord ,broghill1 ,cromwell's right-hand man in ,ireland and in ,scotland1 was1 it is true1 safe1 and to come off with honours2 but some other people--old family friends and political comrades--were not so happily placed4 ,robert ,boyle had held aloof from sectaries and armies1 though some of his best friendships had been among the ,puritans2 but ,lady ,ranelagh1 whose house ever since the early days of the ,long ,parliament had been a rendezvous of the ,parliamentarian ,party1 and whose personal sympathies and fortunes had been bound up with ,cromwell's ,protectorate1 must have followed with a heavy heart the deliberations of the ,houses which were to determine the fates of many political and personal friends4 ,the ,regicides3 why1 in the last ten years ,england and ,ireland had been governed by ,regicides6 ,some of them1 it is true1 were beyond reach4 ,cromwell--chief graves2 but there were to be a great many exceptions to the ,bill of ,indemnity and ,oblivion4 ,there were those who were to be excepted as actual 8,regicides02 and those who were to be excepted as 8,non-regicides10 and those classed as 8miscellaneous exceptions40 ,there were men to be excepted 8absolutely0--which meant their execution2 and men to be excepted 8non-capitally10 which meant everything but execution2 and men to be excepted 8for incapacitation only10 which meant a lifelong obscurity4 ,there were men who had absconded1 and men who had remained on the spot2 men who had pleaded and extenuated1 and men who steadfastly maintained the righteousness of their acts4 ,how was it to fare with all and each of these8 ,what was to be the fate of ,richard ,cromwell1 so lately 8his now ,highness10 and ,henry ,cromwell1 the broadminded and melancholy young ,lord ,lieutenant of ,ireland--poor ,henry1 who had been in love with ,dorothy ,osborne1 who was in love with ,sir ,william ,temple8 ,and what was to become of ,cromwell's widow--8,old ,noll's wife10 the ,londoners called her now3 the voice of the people had strangely changed its tone4 ,and the great men of the ,party--so many of whom had been among ,lady ,ranelagh's personal friends--how was it to fare with ,lambert1 ,ludlow1 ,st4 ,john1 ,fleetwood1 ,haselrig1 ,lenthall1 ,whitlocke1 ,vane1 ,desborough1 ,pennington1 ,thurloe1 and ,president ,lawrence8 ,henry ,lawrence1 the ,president's son1 had been young ,lord ,barrymore's friend ever since they were pupils together with ,milton1 in the ,barbican4 ,and ,henry ,lawrence was still one of ,milton's disciples--a constant visitor to the garden-house in ,petty ,france4 ,and young ,lord ,barrymore's second wife was a ,lawrence--,martha ,lawrence4 ,how is it possible to unravel the cruel intricacies of civil war8#beb ,and what would be done with ,goodwin and ,hugh ,peters1 and the blind ,milton himself1 whose ,eikonoklastes and ,pro ,populo ,defensio were by order of the ,house--issued within a week or two after the ,restoration--to be burnt by the hands of the common hangman8 ,hangings1 drawings and quarterings were not extraordinary events in those days2 but it would be interesting to know how the sentence pronounced on ,major-,general ,harrison--first sentenced of the ,regicides--affected so humane and sensitive a man as ,robert ,boyle4 ,his sister ,ranelagh1 woman as she was1 had more of the old soldier-earl in her composition1 and perhaps1 like her ,elizabethan father1 looked upon such a death as an inevitable 8cloudy end40 8444 ,the ,court doth award that you 444 be drawn upon a hurdle to the place of execution and there you shall be hanged by the neck1 and1 being alive1 shall be cut down and 444 your entrails to be taken out of your body1 and1 you living1 the same to be burnt before your eyes1 and your head to be cut off1 your body to be divided into four quarters1 and head and quarters to be disposed of at the pleasure of the ,king's ,majesty2 and the ,lord have mercy upon your soul60#bec ,was ,boyle weighing the air with his ,eolipile on ,october #ac when ,pepys set off to ,charing ,cross to see ,major-,general ,harrison hanged1 drawn1 and quartered8 8,which was done there1 he looking as cheerful as any man could do in that condition40#bed ,but in that hungry crowd ,pepys could scarcely have been near enough to hear ,harrison's last words1 which sometimes seem to echo in ,charing ,cross to this day3 8,he hath covered my head many times in the day of battle4 ,by ,god ,i have leaped over a wall2 by ,god ,i have run through a troop2 and by my ,god ,i will go through this death1 and ,he will make it easy to me4444 ,now unto thy hands1 ,o ,lord ,jesus1 ,i commit my ,spirit44440 ,nor could ,mr4 ,pepys have seen ,harrison strike out at the hangman half-way through the horrible1 bloody work4 ,mr4 ,evelyn did not go out purposely to see any of the executions of the ,regicides2#bee but on the #agth he chanced to meet 8their quarters1 mangl'd and cutt and reeking1 as they were brought from the gallows in baskets on the hurdle4 ,o the miraculous ,providence of ,god60#bef ,but what of ,milton all this time--the blind ,republican1 to whom ,lady ,ranelagh had been more than all kith and kin8 ,had ,boyle and ,hartlib ever got from ,mr4 ,milton that prescription they so much wanted8 ,milton's escape from punishment at the ,restoration is one of the puzzles of ,english history4 ,how was it effected--by what combination of political influences--who1 in fact1 pulled the wires8 ,parliament has always been very clever in engineering itself1 more or less constitutionally1 out of its own tight corners2 but there has never been a cleverer piece of parliamentary engineering than the way in which ,milton was brought off at the ,restoration4 ,when1 after ,cromwell's death1 ,lady ,ranelagh returned from ,ireland to her house in the ,mall1 ,milton was still living1 almost a neighbour1 in his garden-house in ,petty ,france2 still in correspondence with her boy ,dick ,jones and his tutor ,oldenburg1 in ,paris2 still ,latin ,secretary to the ,council1 with ,andrew ,marvell as his loyal assistant2 and the uneasy dawn of the ,new ,year #affj had found him1 despondent but undaunted1 still fighting hard1 by tract-warfare1 for a doomed ,republic4 ,milton the ,pamphleteer and ,lambert the ,general are to be remembered together as the last two opponents of the ,restoration4 ,but in ,march1 after ,milton's printed exhortations to the ,council and to ,monk himself1 the blind secretary had been discharged from his office1 and an order issued for the arrest of ,milton's publisher4 ,and on ,may #g--the very day before ,charles ,,ii was proclaimed in ,london--,milton had disappeared from the garden-house in ,petty ,france4 ,nobody knows what had been done about his children1 or whose friendly hand guided the blind man's steps into his hiding-place4 8,in the house of a friend in ,bartholomew ,close0--a narrow passage1 entered from ,west ,smithfield under an archway that was very old even in ,milton's day#beg--,milton was to lie concealed for more than three months4 ,his case and ,goodwin's#beh came up together before the ,house on ,june #af1 and it was ordered that their books were to be called in and burnt1 and that the men themselves were to be 8forthwith sent for in custody40 ,but both men were in hiding1 and somehow it was ,august #ac before the two names came up again2 and at that moment the ,indemnity ,bill was hanging in mid-air between the ,lords and ,commons4 ,neither of the two men had been found2 and though the ,proclamation calling in all copies of their books for burning by the hangman was then duly placarded all over ,london1 there was no further order for the arrest of the two men themselves4 ,on ,august #bh the ,indemnity ,bill had passed both ,houses2 on ,august #bi it had received the ,king's assent1 the ,act of ,indemnity and ,oblivion was on the ,statute ,book1 and there was no mention of ,milton in it from first to last4 ,goodwin's name appeared2 he was incapacitated for life for any public trust4 ,but of ,milton1 the ,republican pamphleteer1 ,cromwell's ,latin secretary1 who had done so incalculably much more1 nothing--his name had somehow dropped out4 ,milton was saved--8to the surprise of all people10 says ,bishop ,burnet4#bei ,if ,milton had been hanged with the ,regicides at ,charing ,cross1 or carted to ,tyburn6 ,and more than once during the passage of the ,bill it seemed possible that it might be so4 ,as it was1 with the passing of this ,act of ,oblivion1 and the emerging of a blind ,puritan into the murky sunshine of the old ,london streets1 ,milton drops out of the story of ,lady ,ranelagh and the ,boyle family4 ,for a little while after the passing of the ,act 7his hiding-place having apparently been discovered7 he seems to have been detained in custody by the ,sergeant-at-,arms4 ,perhaps he was safer so4 ,his offending tracts were duly burnt2 his regicide comrades were duly hanged1 drawn and quartered2 and in ,december ,milton was at large4 ,staunch friends he had had2 ,andrew ,marvell was perhaps bravest and most indefatigable of them all2 but it must have required more powerful influence than ,marvell's and ,davenant's to save ,john ,milton4 ,had ,lady ,ranelagh done him one more service greater than all before8 ,had she enlisted the interest of her powerful brother ,broghill1 and of such ,privy ,councillors as she knew best--men like ,sandwich and ,manchester1 and ,annesley#bfj and ,morrice1 and the old ,lord ,goring1 poor ,lettice's father-in-law1#bfa and the young ,charles ,howard1 who had married 8,robyn's yonge ,mrs40 and was going to be first ,earl of ,carlisle8 ,had ,lady ,ranelagh's silken strings reached the little private ,junto about the ,king himself--,hyde1 and ,ormonde1 and ,southampton8 ,one remembers that ,mr4 ,boyle had been 8treated with great civility and respect by the ,king1 as well as by the ,earl of ,southampton1 ,lord ,high ,treasurer1 and the ,earl of ,clarendon1 ,lord ,chancellor of ,england40 ,and it is good to think that the ,boyle family--perhaps ,boyle himself1 whose memories went back to the ,milton of ,comus and ,eton1 the ,milton of the ,epitaphium ,damonis and the ,villa ,diodati in ,geneva1 may have had a hand in saving ,milton1 the blind ,republican1--to write ,paradise ,lost4 ,but if to any of them1 it was certainly to ,lady ,ranelagh that ,milton owed his life and freedom4 ,there is no record of any further visits from ,lady ,ranelagh to ,milton after that date1 but it is difficult to believe her friendship for ,milton ended with the ,restoration4 ,the garden-house in ,petty ,france was to be no more his home3 his blind steps turned eastward1 to ,holborn again1 and ,jewin ,street1 and then to ,artillery ,walk1 near ,bunhill ,fields1 where he was to resume and finish his great poem1 and where he was to end his days4 ,it is difficult to believe that ,lady ,ranelagh never again knocked at the blind man's door2 and it must be taken for granted that one day in late ,august or early ,september #affg a presentation-copy of ,paradise ,lost arrived at the house in ,pall ,mall4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on a ,november afternoon--,nov4 #bh1 #affj--the usual little audience of philosophers had assembled to listen to one of ,dr4 ,christopher ,wren's astronomy lectures at ,gresham ,college1 in ,basinghall ,street4#bfb ,wren1 who had been astronomy professor there since #afeg1 lectured on ,wednesday afternoons during ,term-time from two to three--and it was a custom for the little company to stay on after the lecture1 adjourning to another room for 8mutuall converse40 ,the political disasters of the last year or two had somewhat interrupted the advancement of learning2 the soldiers had1 in fact1 for a time1 been quartered in ,gresham ,college4 ,but by the end of ,november #affj things were settling down again1 and the lectures were going on as usual4 ,at this particular lecture the virtuosi present were ,lord ,brouncker1 ,mr4 ,boyle1 ,mr4 ,bruce1 ,sir ,robert ,moray1 ,sir ,paule ,neile1 ,dr4 ,wilkins1 ,dr4 ,goddard1 ,dr4 ,petty1 ,mr4 ,ball1 ,mr4 ,rooke1 ,mr4 ,wren1 and ,mr4 ,hill2 and their 8mutuall converse0 turned on the formation of a scientific society1 on a broader basis than had been hitherto attempted--a society 8for the promoting of ,physico-,mathematicall-,experimentall ,learning10 to consist of weekly meetings1 which were to be held every ,wednesday from that date onwards4 ,this1 it must be remembered1 was no outcome of the ,restoration4 ,it was fifteen years since the ,invisibles had begun their meetings1 8precluding matters of theology and state affairs10 sometimes at ,gresham ,college1 oftener in ,dr4 ,goddard's house in ,wood ,street1 or at the ,bull's ,head ,tavern in ,cheapside4 ,robert ,boyle at that time had been a boy of eighteen1 just back from ,geneva1 and introduced into the little ,hartlib-,durie-,comenius circle to find that the ,parliament men were already interested in a scheme of 8,verulamian education40 ,in ,november #affj the ,invisibles were fifteen years wiser than they had been in #afde4 ,and what a fifteen years it had been6 ,had there ever been such a fifteen years in ,english ,history8 ,some of them1 after the visitation of ,oxford1 had migrated there1 taking posts vacated by ,royalists1 and forming the ,oxford branch of the ,invisible ,society2 and now again these same men1 removed at the ,restoration from their posts in ,oxford ,university1 were turning back to ,london4 ,it was the old ,invisible ,college of #afde that was to merge itself in the ,royal ,society4 ,so1 on that ,november afternoon #affj1 in ,gresham ,college1 a new ,society was formed4 ,it was arranged that its 8original members0 were to be those present1 with some others then and there proposed as eligible1 thirty-nine names being suggested and written down4 ,among them were ,john ,evelyn1 ,dr4 ,wallis1 ,dr4 ,seth ,ward1 ,dr4 ,willis1 ,dr4 ,bathurst1 ,sir ,kenelm ,digby1 ,abraham ,cowley1 ,john ,denham1 ,mr4 ,william ,croone1 ,mr4 ,richard ,jones1 and ,henry ,oldenburg4 ,robert ,boyle's influence was already making itself felt4 ,most of these men were ,oxford colleagues1 personal friends1 and old ,invisibles4 ,the last three must have been his special nominations1 and two of them were his own kinsmen4 ,dick ,jones1 his hopeful nephew1 had just returned with ,henry ,oldenburg from their foreign tour4 ,william ,croone1 who was nominated in absentia for the post of ,registrar of the ,society1 was presumably a son of the old ,earl of ,cork's 8,cozen ,croone01 the vintner of the ,king's ,head in ,cheapside2#bfc because the 8,croonian ,lecture ,fund10 long afterwards bequeathed to the ,royal ,society by ,mr4 ,croone's widow1 was derived from 8one fifth of the clear rent of the ,king's ,head ,tavern in or near old ,fish ,street1 ,london1 at the corner of ,lambeth ,hill40#bfd ,this makes ,william ,croone a cousin of ,robert ,boyle's2 and he was a creditable relative1 this heir of old ,cozen ,croone the vintner1 for he was afterwards ,doctor of ,physic and ,gresham ,professor of ,rhetoric2 and the ,royal ,society owes its ,croonian ,lecture ,fund to his and his widow's generosity1 and to the takings at the old ,king's ,head in ,cheapside4 ,other original members--they were afterwards 8,fellows0--were added at later meetings4 ,and what a list it was6 ,there was ,aubrey of the 8,lives10 and ,ashmole1 of museum celebrity1 and ,dryden and ,waller the poets1 and old ,haak the originator of the ,invisible ,college1 and ,robert ,hooke1 whose services at ,oxford ,boyle amiably dispensed with so that he might be ,curator1#bfe and ,peter ,pett the ,naval ,commissioner1 and ,thomas ,sprat1 the ,society's enthusiastic first biographer1 and ,governor ,winthrop from ,connecticut1 and ,isaac ,barrow the scholarly divine1#bff and ,john ,graunt1 the 8tradesman0 who drew up the ,bills of ,mortality4 ,peers there were in plenty1--the ,duke of ,buckingham and the ,earls of ,devonshire1 ,northampton1 and ,sandwich1 among them2 and ,bishops--present and future4 ,doctors of ,physic1 of course1 and ,lawyers of the ,temple2 ,churchmen1 ,statesmen1 ,army-men1 ,navy-men1 and ,city-men4 8,it is to be noted10 says ,sprat1 8that they have freely admitted men of different ,religions1 ,countries1 and ,professions of ,life4 ,this they were obliged to do1 or else they would come far short of the largeness of their own declarations4 ,for they openly profess not to lay the foundation of an ,english1 ,scotch1 ,irish1 ,popish1 or ,protestant ,philosophy2 but a ,philosophy of ,mankind40#bfg ,sir ,robert ,moray1 a ,scotsman and a favourite at ,whitehall1 had quickly 8brought in word from the ,court0 that the ,king approved of the aims of the ,society4 ,moray1 who had a laboratory of his own at ,whitehall1 acted for a time as interim-,president1 and was certainly the life and soul of the infant ,society2 and on ,may #c1 #affa--not many days after his coronation1 ,charles ,,ii was shown1 through his own great telescope1 ,saturn's rings and ,jupiter and his satellites4 ,his ,majesty became really interested1 and began to discourse astronomy as he sat at supper in ,whitehall4#bfh ,and a few weeks later--,sir ,robert ,moray still acting as go-between--the ,king granted the ,society's petition for a ,royal ,charter1 and was 8pleased to offer himselfe to be entered one of the ,society40 ,on ,july #ae1 #affb1 the ,charter of ,incorporation passed what ,evelyn calls the 8,broade ,seale40 ,lord ,brouncker was elected first ,president and ,henry ,oldenburg ,secretary4#bfi ,the ,king presented the ,society with its mace1#bgj on which were emblematically embossed the ,crown and ,royal ,arms1 the rose1 harp1 thistle1 and fleur de lys4 ,in ,april #affc1 however1 a second and improved ,charter passed the ,great ,seal4#bga ,the ,king in this declared himself ,founder and ,patron2 ,arms were granted to the ,society1 and a motto from ,horace was chosen--,nullius in ,verba4 ,and the ,royal ,society kept its first anniversary on ,november #cj1 #affc1 ,st4 ,andrew's ,day having been selected partly as nearest to ,november #bh1 the day of its first meeting1 but also in compliment1 it is believed1 to ,sir ,robert ,moray1 the popular ,scotsman who from the very beginning had been one of its most energetic members4 ,strange times6 ,it has been rightly said that the foundation of the ,royal ,society was one of the few creditable events of the ,restoration4 ,exactly a month before the ,charter of ,incorporation passed the ,great ,seal1 ,sir ,henry ,vane had been beheaded on ,tower ,hill1 8the trumpets brought under the scaffold that he might not be heard02 and little more than a month later came the dreaded ,st4 ,bartholomew's ,day1 which turned nearly two thousand rectors and vicars--one-fifth of the ,english clergy--out of their parishes4 ,the doings of 8,our ,society01 meantime1 read like a little oasis in a desert of intolerance4 ,the old ,earl of ,cork1 who had sent his sons to fight the 8rebelleows0 ,presbyterian ,scots1 and spent the last days of his own life in fighting the rebellious ,irish ,papists1 would have rubbed his eyes if he could have seen his ,robyn walking in procession1 side by side with the ,roman ,catholic ,sir ,kenelm ,digby1 each wearing a ,st4 ,andrew's ,cross pinned into his hat6 8,it being ,st4 ,andrew's ,day1 who was our patron10 says ,evelyn complacently1 8each fellow wore a ,st4 ,andrew's ,crosse of ribbon on the crowne of his hatt4 ,after the election we din'd together1 his ,majesty sending us venison40#bgb ,some difference of opinion1 however1 there seems to have been among the philosophers about the choice of their patron saint4 ,pepys did not care much who the saint was1 but he grumbled at having to pay two shillings for the badge4#bgc ,aubrey once confided to ,sir ,william ,petty that he would have preferred ,st4 ,george1 or1 failing him1 ,st4 ,isidore--8a philosopher canonised40 8,no10 said the irrepressible ,petty1 8,i had rather have had it been ,st4 ,thomas's ,day1 for he would not believe till he had seen and putt his finger into the holes1 according to the motto1 ,nullius in ,verba40#bgd ,,chapter ,,xv ,,the ,,plague ,,and ,,the ,,fire 8,it hath commonly been looked upon as very strange that a diligent ,cultivator of ,experimental ,philosophy should be a zealous ,embracer of the ,christian ,religion2 and that a great ,esteem of ,experience and a ,high ,veneration for ,religion should be compatible in the same ,person2 but44440--,,robert ,,boyle1 ,the ,christian ,virtuoso4 8,the hottest day that ever ,i felt in my life 444 ,i did in ,drury ,lane see two or three houses marked with a red cross upon the doors1 and #8,lord have mercy upon us' writ there44440--,,pepys',s ,diary1 ,june #g1 #affe4 8444 it still encreasing1 and the wind great 444 and all over the ,thames1 with one's faces in the wind1 you were almost burned with a shower of fire-drops 444 saw the fire grow2 and as it grew darker appeared more and more1 and in corners and upon steeples1 and between churches and houses1 as far as we could see up the hill of the city1 in a most horrid malicious bloody flame 444 one entire arch of fire from this to the other side of the bridge4444 ,the churches1 houses and all on fire and flaming at once 444 and a horrid noise the flames made and the cracking of houses at their ruine44440--,,pepys',s ,diary1 ,september #b1 #afff4 ,the year #affa saw the publication not only of ,boyle's ,physiological ,essays#bge already mentioned1 but of his epoch-making ,scepticall ,chymist4#bgf ,it was the first year of 8,our ,society's0 existence2 a year of immense interest and activity among its members2 but ,boyle himself was not always in ,london1 and not indeed wholly occupied with the claims of experimental science4 ,in #affb he found himself unexpectedly in possession of more ,irish land1 a grant of 8forfeited impropriations0 having been obtained from the ,king in ,robert ,boyle's name1 though without his knowledge4 ,to ,boyle1 the gift seems to have been somewhat in the nature of a white elephant1 and he applied for advice in the matter to his friend the ,bishop of ,lincoln4#bgg ,he was not sure if he ought to take the grant at all1 and still less decided as to what he ought to do with the proceeds4 ,he did not wish to 8reflect upon those persons of honour0 who had done him the kindness unasked1 and he would dearly have liked to spend the proceeds1 if he did take the grant1 in 8the advancement of real knowledge40 ,ultimately he did decide to accept it1 and to spend two-thirds of the proceeds in ,ireland on the relief of the poor and the maintenance of the ,protestant religion2 while the other third was to go to the purposes of the ,corporation for the ,propagation of the ,gospel in ,new ,england1 of which the ,king had lately appointed him governor4 ,this1 too1 had been done without ,boyle's knowledge4 8,so that the main benefit ,i intend to derive from the ,king's bounty10 says ,boyle laconically1 8is the opportunity of doing some good with what1 if my friends had not obtained it1 might have been begged by others1 who would have otherwise employed it40#bgh ,the matter settled--to nobody's entire satisfaction--,boyle went on with his work in ,oxford1 sending his communications to the ,royal ,society through the secretary1 ,henry ,oldenburg4 ,present or absent1 ,mr4 ,boyle was the hero of the hour at ,gresham ,college1 and his air-pump the chief attraction of its meetings4#bgi 8,i waited on ,prince ,rupert to our assembly10 says ,evelyn1 8where we tried severall experiments in ,mr4 ,boyle's vacuum4 ,a man thrusting in his arm upon exhaustion of the air had his flesh immediately swelled so as the blood was neare bursting the veins3 he drawing it out we found it all speckled40#bhj ,mr4 ,boyle1 ,mr4 ,boyle's air-pump1 and ,mr4 ,boyle's books--especially that on the ,spring and ,weight of the ,air--were the talk of the ,court as well as of the ,college4 ,it is quite true that 8the weighing of ayre0 was1 in those early days of the ,society's existence1 its favourite occupation4 ,a great change had come over the ,philosophers4 ,they found themselves invited into a kind of scientific ,kindergarten1 where knowledge was to be gained1 not through their old black-letter books1 but out of pots and pans and pendulums1 and shining ores1 and precious stones1 and 8anatomes0 and 8curiosities0 and 8things of nature40 ,and the most fascinating thing of nature at this moment--just because1 perhaps1 it was intangible1 invisible1 elusive--was 8the ayre40 ,these men had discovered that 8the ayre0 possessed properties1 obeyed laws2 in fact1 they had suddenly realized that they were all going about under an atmosphere4 ,mr4 ,boyle had shown it to be so2 and there1 in their midst1 was the machina ,boyleana4 ,but there were other 8transactions0 of the infant ,royal ,society4 ,in ,oldenburg's letters1 and ,hooke's letters1 and in the diaries of ,pepys and ,evelyn1 there are vivid contemporary glimpses of what went on at ,gresham ,college4 ,poor old ,hartlib was dead1 and ,oldenburg seems to have taken ,hartlib's place as ,boyle's ,london ,correspondent4 ,he gave ,boyle the latest gossip1 not only of 8,our ,society10 but of 8,state affairs0 at home and abroad4 ,from him ,boyle1 at ,oxford1 heard of the visits of distinguished foreigners--,huygens1 ,sorbire1 and others--to ,gresham ,college4 ,even when the attendances were 8thin10 and there was not much being shown1 these men were struck with admiration of 8our experimental method10 our 8sedate and friendly way of conference10 and 8the gravity and majestickness of our order40 ,the indefatigable ,secretary1 overworked and underpaid as he undoubtedly was1 and asking in vain for an 8amanuensis10 had soon put himself in touch with experimentalists in ,france1 ,holland1 ,germany1 ,italy1 the ,bermudas1 ,poland1 ,sweden1 ,new ,england1 and the ,east ,indies4 ,a new governor of 8,bombaia0 had offered his services to the ,society 8for philosophical purposes03 8,we have taken to taske the whole universe10 wrote ,oldenburg to ,governor ,winthrop in ,connecticut4 ,there was really no form of 8curiosity0 of earth1 or sea1 or sky1 that was not grist to the ,gresham ,college mill4 ,chariots and watches1 masonry1 ores1 8the nature of salts10 injection into the veins and the transfusion of blood1 the velocity of bullets1 mine-damp1 musical sounds and instruments1 thermometers and barometers1 fossils1 shooting stars1 and double keels were all mixed up in most admired disorder2 and ,mr4 ,boyle at ,oxford was doing his best to interest the 8,oxonians0 in the work going on at ,gresham ,college2 he himself being equally interested in the experiments of transfusion of blood carried on in ,london and the 8musical experiments0 made under his direction in the ,oxford colleges4 ,oldenburg reported everything to him1 and ,hooke1 too1 his old assistant1 who was now curator of ,our ,society4 ,winthrop had written about the ores to be found in ,new ,england1 and an enthusiastic young ,londoner had been planting a 8,virginian garden40 ,at one meeting of the ,society there had been 8a good store of discourse concerning star-shoots02 at another all the experiments were of 8the descent of bodies in water40 ,on more than one occasion a party of the philosophers--,sir ,robert ,moray1 ,dr4 ,wilkins1 ,dr4 ,goddard1 ,hooke1 and others--had climbed to the top of the steeple of ,st4 ,paul's 8to make the #8,torricellian experiments' of falling bodies and of pendulums40 ,and after the ,correspondence ,committee had met at ,mr4 ,povy's house in ,lincoln's ,inn ,fields1 for the purpose of collecting evidence from 8all parts of the world10 ,oldenburg wrote to ,boyle3 8,this was our entertainment above ground1 ,i leave you to guess what our correspondence was underground in the grotto1 and near the well1 that is the conservatory of so many dozen of wine-bottles of all kinds40#bha ,so the letters came and went between ,london and ,oxford2 and ,boyle's manuscripts and proof-sheets were sent to ,oldenburg by coach or carrier1 or by ,boyle's own servant4 8,these coachmen and carriers are incorrigible10 wrote ,oldenburg1 when parcels were charged double and letters went astray2 and there was1 in particular1 a 8she-porter0 who specially annoyed ,mr4 ,oldenburg4 ,presently1 ,mr4 ,sprat was writing the ,society's history--as far as it went2 and ,samuel ,butler was satirising ,gresham ,college up and down the town4 ,everybody knew that the ,king kept a copy of ,hudibras in his pocket3 might not the young ,society suffer from ,butler's sarcasm8 ,the ,secretary was ruffled and anxious2 and he owned to ,boyle that he could have done a good deal more in pushing and popularising certain investigations for the ,society 8if ,i had not been afraid of ,hudibras40#bhb ,but while ,hudibras was ridiculing the experimentalists1 and ,restoration-orthodoxy was shaking its head over the new philosophy1 the ,society had its votaries--a good many of them1 it is true1 on the other side of the channel4#bhc ,if ,butler made fun of the ,philosophers-- 8,their learned speculations1 ,and all their constant occupations ,to measure and to weigh the air ,and turn a circle to a square0#bhd-- a certain ,italian enthusiast composed twenty-six stanzas of unqualified praise1 one of which ,oldenburg committed to memory and sent triumphantly to ,boyle-- 8,heroic constellations dispense ,one ray of your celestial influence ,that with the telescope ,i may descry ,the sacred treasures of your ,pansophy60 ,perhaps the prettiest compliment of all came from a ,parisian friend of ,oldenburg's1 who was so charmed with ,mr4 ,boyle's writings1 and so desolated to hear of ,mr4 ,boyle's delicate health1 that he begged ,oldenburg to suggest to ,mr4 ,boyle that he should migrate into the sweet air of ,france4 8,proposez-luy la chose3 il pourra philosopher par tout1 et faire provision de sant pour philosopher plus longtemps40 ,the message was duly delivered2 but ,boyle's philosophising was to go on at home1 and praise and blame seem to have had small effect upon him4 8,i freely confess10 he wrote1 8that the great difficulty of things1 and the little abilities ,i find myself furnished with to surmount it1 do often1 in general1 beget in me a great distrust even of things1 whereof my adversary's objections give me not any40#bhe ,the year #affc saw the publication of three of ,robert ,boyle's books4 ,some ,considerations touching the ,usefulness of ,experimental ,natural ,philosophy1 collected from the work of the previous year or two1 was published at ,oxford4 ,some ,experiments and ,considerations touching ,colour was published in ,london2 and in the same year he published1 also in ,london1 ,some ,considerations touching the ,style of the ,holy ,scriptures4 ,this last1 originally suggested to him by ,broghill at ,marston ,bigot1 had been the work of some years2 and at the time of its publication he was interesting himself in a scheme for the translation of the ,new ,testament for use in ,turkey4 ,oldenburg 8rejoiced hugely0 over this scheme4 8,i confess10 says the ,puritan secretary of the ,royal ,society1 8it will be troublesome and dangerous to spread such a book as the ,bible in ,turkey2 but yet it ought to be attempted40 ,the summer vacations1 when ,oxford was deserted1 seem to have been spent by ,boyle partly in ,london with ,lady ,ranelagh and among the virtuosi1 and partly in the various family country houses1 where he was always welcomed as at once the hero1 the puzzle1 and the pet of this great family4 ,delicious ,leeze1 in ,essex1 where ,charles and ,mary lived1 was not far from ,london4 8,you shall be absolute master of your own time10 ,mary assured him--conscious1 no doubt1 that ,charles did not know much about the ,new ,philosophy4 ,and at ,marston ,bigot1 in ,somersetshire1 dear ,broghill and ,lady ,pegg1 when they were in ,england1 were most excellent company4 ,marston was not far from ,stalbridge1 and though ,boyle did not now often stay at his manor-house1 he liked to keep it in perfect order1 for ,frank's sake1 who might have it after him4 ,the 8fruit-nurseries0 of ,stalbridge1 especially1 were well known in the neighbourhood4 8,i hear you have that way also a large charity for the public good of ,england10 wrote ,dr4 ,john ,beale of ,yeovil1 in one of his delightful screeds to ,boyle4 ,in the summer of #affd1 ,boyle had been suffering with his eyes2 and on his journey to the west--he was apparently that summer at ,stalbridge and ,marston ,bigot--he stayed at ,salisbury1 to consult his friend and oculist1 ,dr4 ,turberville4#bhf ,that autumn1 ,state affairs were almost of more interest at the moment than the transactions of the ,society2 and war-gossip and ,court-gossip occupied a considerable portion of ,oldenburg's letters to ,boyle4 ,hooke1 the ,curator1 wrote also1 but his letters were of 8the conjunction of ,mercury and ,sol40 ,boyle was back in ,oxford in ,october2 and on ,october #bd1 when ,evelyn paid a visit to ,oxford1 he found ,boyle 8with ,dr4 ,wallis and ,dr4 ,christopher ,wren in the ,tower of the ,scholes with an inverted tube or telescope1 observing the discus of the ,sunn for the passing of ,mercury that day before it2 but the latitude was so great that nothing appeared40 ,the little party1 disappointed1 went on to the ,bodleian1 and to look at the ,sheldonian1 then building by the generosity of the ,archbishop1 and the great picture with too many 8nakeds0 in it1 over the ,altar in the chapel of ,all ,souls4#bhg ,boyle was still in ,oxford in ,november1 when the ,duke of ,york and 8many gallants0 were going off to join the ,fleet2 and in ,december1 when the 8mighty vote0 of #b1ejj1jjj was passed1 that ,charles ,,ii might 8be possessed of the dominion at sea1 and the disposal of ,trade40#bhh ,everybody in ,london was feeling very rich and belligerent--the exact methods by which the money was to be raised not having been yet decided upon4 ,that same ,november1 ,oldenburg was begging for ,boyle's communications to the ,society on the ,history of ,cold4 ,they would come1 as he said1 very seasonably1 8,our ,society having already1 by the late ,frost1 excited one another to the prosecution of experiments of freezing40 ,the frost lasted long enough to please the little ,london boys and the ,philosophers alike4 ,january came in1 with 8excessive sharp frost and snow40#bhi ,the ,london streets were full of snowballs on ,january #b1 when ,mr4 ,pepys dined in the ,piazza1 ,covent ,garden1 with my ,lord ,brouncker--who was a great many other things besides ,president of the ,royal ,society1--and occasioned such mirth by reading aloud to the company the 8ballet0 lately made 8by the men at sea to the ladies in town40 ,who does not remember ,buckhurst's-- 8,to all ye ladies now on land ,we men at sea indite2 ,but first would have you understand ,how hard it is to write4 ,the ,muses now1 and ,neptune too1 ,we must implore to write to you1 ,with a fa la la la la60 ,and it is very certain ,lord ,brouncker and his company laughed loudest over the second verse-- 8,for though the ,muses should prove kind ,and fill our empty brain1 ,yet if rough ,neptune rouse the wind ,to wave the azure main1 ,our paper1 pen1 and ink1 and we ,roll up and down our ships at sea1 ,with a fa la la la la60 ,robert ,boyle was in town during that winter of #affd-e4 ,there were several fixtures in ,december1 ,january and ,february1 which may have drawn him there4 ,in ,december he had been elected into the ,company of the ,royal ,mines1 8and into that of ,battery40 ,on ,december #bb1 ,petty's double-bottomed boat1 the ,experiment1 was at last launched1 in the presence of the ,king4#bij ,on ,january #i1 the ,royal ,society carried their new ,charter ,book and ,laws to the ,king at ,whitehall1 for the ,king to write 8,founder0 after his name1 and the ,duke of ,york to enter himself as a ,fellow4 ,gresham ,college was particularly active in ,february and ,march1 and ,hooke was lecturing there on the ,comet which had lately been the talk of ,london4 8,mighty talk there is of the ,comet that is seen a' nights2 and the ,king and ,queen did sit up last night to see it1 and did1 it seems40#bia ,lord ,sandwich1 who was with the fleet at ,portsmouth1 thought it was 8the most extraordinary thing he ever saw40 ,and ,robert ,hooke1 the little deformed chorister of ,christchurch1 was trying to explain this phenomenon to the ,london of #affe3 8,among other things1 proving very probably that this is the very same ,comet that appeared before1 in the year #afah1 and that in such a time probably will appear again1 which is a very new opinion2 but all will be in print40#bib ,and on ,february #ae1 the day on which ,mr4 ,pepys was admitted a member of the ,royal ,society1 the discussion and experiments had been on ,fire3 8how it goes out in a place where the ayre is not free1 and sooner out where the ayre is exhausted1 which they shewed by an engine on purpose40#bic ,it was after this meeting that some of the philosophers adjourned to the ,crown ,tavern1 behind the ,exchange1 for a 8club supper02 but though ,pepys expressly mentions having seen ,mr4 ,boyle at the afternoon meeting of the ,society1 he does not make it clear whether ,mr4 ,boyle was at the club supper afterwards4 ,he may have been3 8,here excellent discourse1 till ten at night10 records ,pepys--8and then home40 ,in ,february1 ,boyle brought out at last his little volume of ,occasional ,reflections on ,several ,subjects2 youthful essays1 written long before1 in the ,dorset lanes or by the slow-burning wood fire in his manor-house3 8the mislaid scribbles which ,i drew up in my infancy10 he calls them4 ,the book was published by ,herringman at his shop at the ,anchor in the ,lower ,walk in the ,new ,exchange4 ,it was not intended to occasion the mirth that ,buckhurst's 8ballet0 had produced3 it was criticised1 rather sharply1 by some people at the time2 but it gained an extraordinary popularity1 and it was to be ridiculed as only the books that have been very popular ever are4 ,and its appearance gave great pleasure to ,lady ,ranelagh1 who had long begged him to collect and publish these fugitive pieces1 and now at last held in her hand a little volume containing a dedicatory letter to herself--to ,sophronia1 8my dearest sister40 ,the spring of #affe in ,london was1 as everybody knows--in spite of impending war1 and the absence of 8many gallants0 at sea--one of the gayest of gay ,london seasons4 ,the theatres were full2 the great 8noon-hall0 at ,whitehall had been turned into a playhouse4 ,another comet1 every bit as bright as the last1 was reported in the ,april sky4 ,the ,park was filled with fair women2 chief among them1 according to ,pepys1 was the 8very great beauty10 ,mrs4 ,middleton1 for whom ,boyle's hopeful young nephew--,milton's pupil--,mr4 ,dick ,jones1 had quite forsaken the ,philosophers4#bid ,and while the bees in ,evelyn's garden at ,deptford were making their honey and combs 8mighty pleasantly10 and ,evelyn himself was immersed in the provision of hospital accommodation for sick and wounded seamen1 in the coffee-houses the talk was all of the ,dutch fleet1 and of the ,plague that was growing in ,london4 ,everybody was ready with a remedy1 8some saying one thing and some another40 ,on ,june #c1 all ,london was on the river1 listening to the guns of the opposing ,dutch and ,english fleets2#bie and on ,june #g1 the day before the news of the great victory arrived in ,london1 ,mr4 ,pepys1 much to his discomfiture1 saw those red crosses on the doors in ,drury ,lane1 and the poor human appeal1 8,lord1 have mercy on us60#bif ,while the ,plague raged in ,london1 ,lady ,ranelagh and her two daughters--8my girls0 she always calls them--were at delicious ,leeze4 ,it was not the same patriarchal ,leeze to which the romantic runaways had been carried in ,lady ,ranelagh's coach4 ,the husband and wife1 who were ,charles and ,mary ,rich in those days1 were ,earl and ,countess of ,warwick now4 ,it was four-and-twenty years since they had been obliged to run away to be married1 because ,charles ,rich was only a younger son4 ,charles ,rich was 8my ,lord of ,warwick0 now4 ,it was six years since he had succeeded to the earldom2 and a great deal can happen in six years4 ,their son--their only child--whose illness in babyhood had so changed ,mary's outlook on life1 had been reared to manhood1 and had been married--a girl and boy marriage it was--to my ,lord of ,devonshire's very young daughter4 ,for the sake of her boy1 and to arrange this alliance satisfactorily1 ,mary had gone to ,london1 leaving 8the sweet quiet of the country for the horrid confusion of the town02 and from there she had written to ,robert ,boyle at ,oxford1 whom she still always called her 8dearest1 dearest squire10 in great spirits3 8,we are like to be very great10 she said1 8for the lad is like to be a successful lover40 ,after the marriage1 the bridegroom had been sent to travel in ,france1 and the bride taken home by her husband's parents to ,leeze2 and after the boy husband came back to her1 for a very little while they had all lived together1 and ,mary had seen her son with a wife of his own4 ,but in ,may #affd he fell ill of smallpox4 ,they were all in ,london at the time1 at ,warwick ,house1 in ,lincoln's ,inn ,fields1 where ,mary herself had had smallpox in #afdh4 ,the little wife was removed1 out of the infection1 to her father's house4 ,the 8young ladies10 ,charles ,rich's nieces1 who lived with them1 daughters of the dead elder brother1 were packed off to ,leeze4 8,my ,lord0 himself was persuaded to go to his sister-in-law ,ranelagh's house in ,pall ,mall4 ,and then-- 8,i shut up myself with him10 says ,mary1 the mother1 8doing all ,i could both for his soul and body40 ,but the boy died in eight days3 8,he wanted about four months of being of age40 ,mary sent the ,earl of ,manchester to ,lady ,ranelagh's house to break the news to my ,lord of ,warwick1 who1 when he heard it1 8cried out so terribly that his cry was heard a great way40 ,but ,mary was 8unrewly0 no longer2 she had made her vow and she had found her ,master3 8,i was dumb10 she says1 8and held my peace1 because ,god did it40 ,for the second time ,lady ,ranelagh fetched ,mary away to her own house4 ,the great ,warwick ,house in ,lincoln's ,inn ,fields was put up for sale--,mary never entered it again4 ,later she went to drink the waters at ,epsom and ,tonbridge1 8to remove the great pain ,i had constantly at my heart after my son's death40 ,and ,dr4 ,walker1 the worthy chaplain who had preached so awakingly to ,mary twenty years before1 after her child recovered1 did his best to comfort her after her child was dead4 ,a year had passed since then1 and now1 in the summer of #affe1 with the ,plague raging in ,london1 the childless pair were at ,leeze again with the young ladies and the very young widow1 and ,lady ,ranelagh and her girls2 and my ,lord of ,warwick--much in the minority--was not quite so good-tempered as he used to be in the old-young days before he was so tormented by gout4#big ,they had left ,london only just in time2 for early in ,july several of the houses in ,pall ,mall were infected1 and one 8almost emptied40#bih ,the meetings of the ,royal ,society had been adjourned4 ,the ,king and ,court were gone3#bii people were rapidly leaving town4 ,hooke and ,petty and ,wilkins were thinking of removing to ,nonsuch1 taking an operator with them in order to carry on their experiments out of range of infection4#cjj ,oldenburg and his family remained in ,london4 ,he had carefully separated his papers--,mr4 ,boyle's1 the ,society's1 and his own--into bundles1 and had written instructions what should be done with them should he succumb to the ,plague4 ,robert ,boyle was back in ,oxford before the end of ,june1 but before leaving town he had sent ,oldenburg a 8receipt for the ,sickness40 ,pepys1 it is known1 went about with a bottle of 8,plague-water0 presented to him by ,lady ,carteret1 of which he took a sip when he felt particularly depressed4 ,whether ,oldenburg drank ,mr4 ,boyle's medicine or not is unrecorded1 but he escaped infection2 and the ,transactions of the ,royal ,society1 and some of ,boyle's papers with them1 went safely through the ,plague only to suffer havoc in the ,fire4 ,in ,july ,lady ,ranelagh was writing to her brother at ,oxford1 begging him to join the family-party at ,leeze1 and to bring any number more of his ,occasional ,meditations with him1 which the ladies of the family would help him to transcribe for a second edition of his delightful book4 ,at ,leeze they were all taking 8palsy-balsam40 8,our palsy-balsam does wonders here10 she wrote4 8,crip10 who seems to have been the family apothecary1 major-domo1 and factotum1 had been very careful of them all1 she says4 ,the palsy-balsam1 ,crip's 8jealousy10 and ,god's providence together had kept1 not only the family at ,leeze itself1 but the entire neighbourhood1 free of infection4 ,and all the ladies1 and the ,countess1 and 8my girls0 were at ,robert ,boyle's service4#cja ,and yet he did not go4 ,he was still at ,oxford in ,august1 much tied in attendance on ,lady ,clarendon and the ,lord ,chancellor and their new daughter-in-law4#cjb ,he had declined the ,provostship of ,eton1 vacant by ,dr4 ,meredith's death1 and had accepted the degree of ,doctor of ,physic at the hands of the ,university4 ,and he was still in ,oxford early in ,september1 when ,lady ,ranelagh wrote again--this time in more sombre mood1 for the weekly ,bills of ,mortality had been grim reading4 ,she could not help seeing a ,nemesis over ,london3 a connexion--as awful as it was inscrutable--between 8what was going on there before we left it and what has been suffered there since40#cjc ,would not her brother still seek a shelter at delicious ,leeze8 8,for my ,lord of ,warwick1 ,i can assure you1 as he does me1 that he is not only not afraid1 but desirous of your company here2 he advises your lying at ,kimbolton1 my ,lord ,chamberlain's house1 a day's journey from ,oxford2 and from thence at ,audley ,end1 another day's journey1 and thence hither1 but to ,mr4 ,waller's1#cjd which ,i hope is uninfected 444 and thence to ,parkhall1#cje which is also clear for aught ,i know1 and thence hither is your nearest way1 and ,crip would send a man to guide you44440 ,and she leaves her strongest argument for the postscript-- 8,if you make not haste1 the ,court will overtake you at ,oxford40 ,robert ,boyle was no courtier4 ,he did run away from ,oxford1 but not1 it seems1 to ,leeze4 ,he disappeared almost as effectively as ,milton disappeared at the ,restoration4 ,for a time his friends did not know his retreat1 and sent letters to him haphazard 8by way of ,london40 ,in ,november the ,plague was decreasing1 and ,lady ,ranelagh could report that at ,leeze they were still all well--8,crip only excepted1 who had lately a roaring fit of the gout1 but a very short one1 in respect of those he used to have at this time of year1 which he attributes much to his chewing of scurvy-grass40 ,lady ,ranelagh herself was reading all her brother's books over again to comfort herself for his absence1 and was lending them1 one after the other1 to the 8few studious persons0 whom she met at ,leeze4 ,and her fingers were itching to open a sealed roll of papers belonging to him1 labelled 8,about ,religious ,matters40 ,it was ,january #bb before the ,royal ,society met again4 8,the first meeting of ,gresham ,college since the ,plague10 says ,pepys1 who had1 with exceptional bravery1 remained in ,london through it all4 8,dr4 ,goddard did fill us with talk1 in defence of his and his fellow-physicians going out of town in the plague-time1 saying that their particular patients were most all gone out of town1 and they left at liberty1 and a great deal more1 etc4 ,but what1 among other fine discourse pleased me most1 was ,sir ,g4 ,ent#cjf about ,respiration2 that it is not to this day known1 or concluded on among physicians1 nor to be done1 either1 how the action is managed by nature1 or for what use it is40 ,april came2 and the brilliant1 wanton ,court was back in ,london2 and ,robert ,boyle had come1 not into ,london itself1 but to a lodging found for him in the village of ,newington1 on the ,surrey ,side4 ,oldenburg had walked out to ,newington one day in ,march1 before ,boyle arrived1 and inspected the house and its surroundings-- 8,it seems to be very convenient for you10 he wrote to ,boyle1 8there being a large orchard1 a walk for solitary meditations1 a dry ground round about1 and in all appearance a good air02 advantages which were accompanied by 8a civil ,landlord and fair ,landlady40#cjg ,the immediate object of ,boyle's visit to ,london was probably to be present at some of the performances of ,valentine ,greatrakes1 the 8,stroaker10 who was making a great sensation in ,london by his semi-miraculous cures4 ,greatrakes had originally been a lieutenant in ,lord ,broghill's regiment in ,munster1 and had more recently--having felt an 8impulse0--practised his cures in county ,cork4 ,he had come to ,england by ,lord ,broghill's advice1 and had made his dbut in an attempt to cure ,lady ,conway's violent headaches4 ,in this he failed2 but he was more successful with other patients1 and the ,king sent for him to ,whitehall1 and he was patronised by ,prince ,rupert4 ,of course1 the ,faculty was divided1 and the ,royal ,society cautious4 ,mr4 ,stubbe1 a worthy doctor of ,stratford-on-,avon1 went so far as to publish in ,oxford a tract1 8,the ,miraculous ,conformist01 addressed1 without permission1 to ,mr4 ,boyle--to which1 very naturally1 ,mr4 ,boyle took exception4 ,it was followed by a ,london-published tract1 8,wonders no ,miracles02 and the controversy still waged about the 8,stroaker0 when ,boyle went to ,london and was present at some of his 8stupendous performances40 ,mr4 ,boyle made careful notes1 and submitted to ,mr4 ,greatrakes a series of written questions--which do not seem to have been answered4 ,but in the end1 ,robert ,boyle was one of those who1 having seen the 8,stroaker0 at work1 gave him a testimonial before he left ,london4 ,the ,greatrakes episode stands on the threshold of a whole realm of medical treatment undreamed of in #afff4 ,meantime1 ,boyle's treatise1 ,hydrostatical ,paradoxes1 that had been slowly printing for several months1 appeared early in that year4 ,this was shortly followed by his ,origin of ,forms2 and a good many of his philosophical transactions also belong to this year4 ,later in the summer1 when the ,london season was over1 he was living in his ,chelsea lodging2 but he had been ill again2 and ,lady ,ranelagh was back in her house in ,pall ,mall4 ,was ,boyle in ,london from the second of ,september to the fifth8 ,did he watch1 as it grew dark on the eve of ,cromwell's 8lucky day01 from ,chelsea1 or from ,pall ,mall1 that arc of fire over the poor blazing ,city--so lately pestilence-stricken that its burial-grounds were choked with lime1 its bells still tolling1 and almost every house was in mourning8 ,did he see the ,fire of ,london8 ,probably ,boyle was in ,london1 for on ,september #aj1 ,oldenburg was writing as if ,boyle had just left town1 and he says nothing in his letter to ,boyle of the ,fire itself1 but begins1 as it were1 when the ,fire left off4 ,boyle had called at ,oldenburg's house to say good-bye1 and ,oldenburg was much disappointed that he had been out1 but was glad that ,boyle had been well enough to make the journey3 8,i cannot omit acquainting you10 he goes on1 8that never a calamity--and such a one--was borne so well as this is4 ,it is incredible how little the sufferers1 though great ones1 do complain of their losses4 ,i was yesterday in many meetings of the principal citizens whose houses are laid in ashes1 who1 instead of complaining1 discoursed almost of nothing but of a ,survey of ,london1 and a design for rebuilding44440#cjh ,two days later1 ,lady ,ranelagh also wrote to ,boyle2 and again it is noticeable that she gives him no account of the ,fire itself4 ,she reports her own household to be as safe as it was when he left them-- 8,i have since taken to myself the mortification of seeing the desolations that ,god1 in his just and dreadful judgment1 has made in the poor ,city1 which is thereby now turned indeed into a ruinous heap1 and gave me the most amazing spectacle that ever ,i beheld in my progress about and into this ruin4 ,i dispensed your ,charity amongst some poor families and persons that ,i found yet in the fields unhoused44440 ,and the end of her letter is equally characteristic3 8,gresham ,college is now ,guildhall1 and the ,exchange1 and all4 ,if the philosophers and the citizens become one corporation henceforward1 it may be hoped our affairs may be better managed than they have been1 unless the citizens should prove the prevailing party1 which1 as the worst1 it is most like to do in this world1 according to the small observation of your ,k4 ,r40#cji ,,chapter ,,xvi ,a ,,new ,,london 8,in the meane time the ,king and ,parliament are infinitely zealous for the rebuilding of our ruines2 and ,i believe it will universally be the employment of the next spring4 ,they are now busied with adjusting the claims of each proprietor1 that so they may dispose things for the building after the noblest model3 ,everybody brings in his idea1 amongst the rest ,i presented his ,majestie my own ,conceptions1 with a ,discourse annex'd4 ,it was the second that was seene within #b ,dayes after the ,conflagration3 but ,dr4 ,wren had got the start of me40--,,john ,,evelyn to ,sir ,samuel ,tuke1 ,september #bg1 #afff4 ,christopher ,wren had not let the ashes cool under his feet4 ,evelyn was picking his way among the debris--8the ground 444 so hot that it even burnt the soles of my shoes0--and mourning over the ninety burnt ,city ,churches1 and the ruins of ,st4 ,paul's1 8one of the most antient pieces of piety in the ,christian ,world40 ,he was thinking of the 8poore ,bookesellers10 who1 having trusted all their 8noble impressions0 to the insides of the ,churches1 had 8ben indeede ill-treated by ,vulcan40 ,two hundred thousand pounds' worth of books had been burnt3 8an extraordinary detriment10 says ,evelyn1 8to the whole ,republiq of ,learning40#caj ,pepys1 after the grimy fatigues of the past few days1 had been 8trimmed10 and had gone to ,church1 in his ,sunday best1 and listened to a bad1 poor sermon by the ,dean of ,rochester3 8nor eloquent1 in saying at this time that the ,city is reduced from a large folio to a decimo-tertio03--the ,dean1 too1 must have been among the booksellers4 ,lady ,ranelagh was dispensing ,robert ,boyle's charity among the houseless ,londoners huddled in the fields2 and ,henry ,oldenburg was writing to ,robert ,boyle in ,oxford4 8,the ,stationers of ,paul's10 he wrote1 8had suffered greatly40 ,all their books1 carried by them into ,st4 ,faith's ,church1 under ,st4 ,paul's1 had been burnt2 and amongst them were the 8hitherto printed ,transactions40 8,dr4 ,wren10 he continued1 8has1 since my last1 drawn a model for a ,new ,city1 and presented it to the ,king1 who produced it himself before the ,council1 and manifested much approbation of it4 ,i was yesterday morning with the ,doctor1 and saw the model1 which methinks does so well provide for security1 conveniency1 and beauty1 that ,i can see nothing wanting as to those three main articles2 but whether it has consulted with the populousness of a great ,city1 and whether reason of state would have that consulted with1 is a query to me4 ,i then told the ,doctor that1 if ,i had had an opportunity to speak with him sooner1 ,i should have suggested to him that such a model1 contrived by him and received and approved by the ,royal ,society or a ,committee thereof1 before it had come to the view of his ,majesty1 would have given ,our ,society a name1 and made it popular1 and availed not a little to silence those who ask continually1 what have they done80 ,wren explained to ,oldenburg that he had been obliged to act quickly1 8before other designs came in40 ,and ,oldenburg1 in his letter to ,boyle1 took comfort in remembering that1 after all1 8it was a ,member that had done it10 and that1 when ,wren's design was accepted--as it undoubtedly would be--all the world would know that the model of a ,new ,london was the work of a ,member of the ,royal ,society4#caa ,robert ,boyle1 in his ,oxford arm-chair1 with his books and instruments about him1 must have listened sadly to such war news1 and news of ,court and ,parliament1 as found its way to him in letters out of an anxious and distracted ,london4 ,all the talk of late had been of the ,navy muddle2 the huge sums of money required2 the poverty of the ,exchequer2 the mutinous and 8pressed0 men1 and the 8natural expression of passion0 of the women left behind1 who had 8looked after the ships as far as they could see them by moonlight03 a most sad state1 truly1 of public affairs4 ,distrust and anger filled the hearts of men and women1 and strange rumours were afloat4 ,during the summer1 before the fire broke out1 the war with the ,dutch had been the one thing thought of and talked about4 ,in ,june1 ,monk1 ,duke of ,albemarle1 and the ,dutch de ,ruyter had engaged in a fight 8the longest and most stubborn that the seas have ever seen40#cab ,the ,english fleet had been ruined1 but the ,english were not conquered1 and in ,july the two fleets1 refitted1 had met again4 ,this time it was the ,dutch fleet that was destroyed and the ,dutch who refused to be conquered4 ,and just before the ,fire of ,london broke out in ,pudding ,lane the ,french fleet had joined the ,dutch fleet1 and the ,english1 with a weakened navy and an exhausted exchequer1 were at a standstill4 ,after the fire1 when ,london was in ruins from the ,tower to the ,temple1 strange rumours ran from mouth to mouth4 ,there was 8some kind of plot in this02 it was 8a proper time for discontents02 it was the ,french who did it2 it was the ,dutch who did it2 it was the ,papists who did it2 it was the old ,republicans--a dire revenge on the eve of ,cromwell's ,lucky ,day4 ,the prophecies in ,booker's ,almanack for the year were the topics of conversation at dinner-tables2 and ,lady ,carteret told ,pepys that pieces of charred paper had been blown by the wind as far as ,cranborne1#cac and that she herself had picked up1 or been given1 a little bit of paper on which the words were printed3 8,time is1 it is done40 ,in the spring of #affg1 a ,peace ,congress was sitting at ,breda1 but an armistice had been refused2 and then it was that de ,witt had seized his moment and that the ,dutch fleet sailed for the mouth of the ,thames4 ,the ,english were unready1 their seamen mutinous1 their coffers empty1 their big ships laid up1 for economy's sake1 in dock4 ,everybody knows the panic and confusion that followed--the impotent rage of a people that felt itself betrayed3 ,ruyter and de ,witt were at hand1 coming up our own beloved ,thames with 8a fine and orderly fleet of sixty sail40 ,and ,monk1 the ,duke of ,albemarle1 in his shirt-sleeves1 at ,gravesend1 was doing his best to 8choke the channel40 ,but the ,dutch were not intending to land4 ,after they had burnt the ,english ships in the river1 they were content to sail away again1 carrying with them1 as an insolent trophy1 the half-burnt hull of the ship that had once been the ,naseby1 and was now the ,royal ,charles4 ,the rage of the ,londoners knew no bounds4 ,england was undone2--with a debauched and lazy ,prince and a licentious court2 8no council1 no money1 no reputation at home or abroad40#cad ,the very men who had stood in the ,strand and blessed ,god at the ,restoration now wished ,cromwell back again3 8,everybody nowadays10 says ,pepys1 8reflect upon ,oliver and commend him1 what brave things he did1 and made all the neighbour ,princes fear him40 ,towards the end of #afff ,lady ,ranelagh was expecting her brother from ,oxford to make her a prolonged visit in the house in ,pall ,mall4 ,and where ,robert ,boyle was1 there must some kind of chemical laboratory be also4 8,i have ordered ,thomas10 she wrote1 8to look out for charcoal2 and should gladly receive your orders to put my back house in posture to be employed by you1 against your coming1 that you may lose no time after40#cae ,the ,royal ,society was again holding its meetings2--still1 at first1 under difficulties1 in ,gresham ,college1 which was now the ,exchequer4 ,hooke and ,croone were both enthusiastic over the 8pretty experiments0 of transfusion of blood3 8one dog filled with another dog's blood10 is ,pepys's way of expressing it4 ,croone told ,pepys that the performances at ,gresham ,college had given occasion for 8many pretty wishes1 as of the blood of a ,quaker to be let into an ,archbishop1 and such-like40 ,the ,city was still in a melancholy condition2 it was difficult and dangerous to walk about the ruins1 with a link1 after dark2 but the 8,greate ,streetes0 were now being 8marked out with piles1 drove into the ground02 and people were wondering why so many of the new ,churches were to be built 8in a cluster about ,cornhill40 ,in ,january #affg1 ,gresham ,college being occupied by the ,exchequer1 ,mr4 ,henry ,howard1 one of the ,society's most generous members1 put rooms in ,arundel ,house in the ,strand at the disposal of the ,royal ,society-- 8,to the ,royal ,society10 says ,evelyn1 8which since the sad conflagration were invited by ,mr4 ,howard to sit at ,arundel ,house in the ,strand1 who at my instigation likewise bestow'd on the ,society that noble library which his grandfather especially and his ancestors had collected4 ,this gentleman had so little inclination to bookes1 that it was the preservation of them from imbezzlement40#caf ,in ,may1 the meetings of the ,society were in full swing3 ,may #cj1 especially1 must have been a gala occasion-- 8,to ,london10 says ,evelyn1 8to wait on the ,dutchess of ,newcastle 7who was a mighty pretender to learning1 poetrie and philosophie1 and had in both publish'd divers bookes7 to the ,royal ,society1 whither she came in greate pomp1 and being receiv'd by our ,lord ,president at the ,dore of our meeting roome1 the mace1 etc41 carried before him1 had several experiments shewed to her4 ,i conducted her ,grace to her coach1 and return'd home40 ,pepys gives a better account3 ,the ,duchess had invited herself2 and there had been 8much debate1 pro and con1 it seems many being against it1 and we do believe the town will be full of ballads of it40 ,in the end1 gallantry prevailed among the ,philosophers2 and when ,pepys arrived at ,arundel ,house on foot1 after his noonday dinner--it was a very hot and dusty day--he found 8very much company0 in decorous expectation of her ,grace4 ,she came1 with her attendant women--among them the 8,ferabosco10 of whose beauty there had been so much talk among the gallants4 ,the ,duchess herself1 in her 8antick0 dress1 disappointed ,pepys3 8nor did ,i hear her say anything that was worth hearing1 but that she was full of admiration1 all admiration40 ,the ,philosophers showed her all their best experiments--8of colours1 loadstones1 microscopes1 and of liquors40 ,the chef d'uvre seems to have been the turning of a piece of roasted mutton into pure blood1 8which was very rare10 says ,pepys2 and then the ,duchess and her suite were escorted to her coach again1 her ,grace still crying that she was 8full of admiration40 ,that was in ,may4 ,before the end of ,june poor ,henry ,oldenburg was suddenly clapped into the ,tower4 ,the news must have fallen like a thunderbolt at the next ,wednesday afternoon meeting of the ,society4 ,their ,secretary was in jail4 8,i was told yesterday10 wrote ,pepys1 on ,june #beth1 8that ,mr4 ,oldenburg1 our ,secretary at ,gresham ,college1 is put into the ,tower1 for writing news to a virtuoso in ,france1 with whom he constantly corresponds on philosophical matters3 which makes it very unsafe at this time to write1 or almost to do anything40#cag ,oldenburg was still in custody on ,august #h when ,evelyn called at the ,tower4 8,visited ,mr4 ,oldenburg1 now close prisoner in the ,tower1 being suspected of writing intelligence4 ,i had an order from ,lord ,arlington1 ,secretary of ,state1 which caus'd me to be admitted4 ,this ,gentleman was ,secretary to our ,society1 and ,i am confident will prove an innocent person40 ,and indeed ,oldenburg was soon to be set free4 ,on ,september #c he was once more in his own home and writing to ,robert ,boyle at ,oxford-- 8,i was so stifled by the prison air10 says ,oldenburg1 8that as soon as ,i had my enlargement from the ,tower ,i widened it1 and took it from ,london into the ,country1 to fan myself for some days in the good air of ,craford in ,kent4 ,being now returned1 and having recovered my stomach1 which ,i had in a manner quite lost1 ,i intend1 if ,god will1 to fall to my old trade1#cah if ,i have any support to follow it40 ,once again1 evidently1 the ,boyle family had done their best for a ,puritan friend in trouble4 8,i have learnt during this ,commitment10 says ,oldenburg to ,boyle1 8to know my real friends4 ,god ,almighty bless them1 and enable me to convince them all of my gratitude4 ,sir1 ,i acknowledge and beg pardon for the importunities ,i gave you at the beginning2 assuring you that you cannot lay any commands on me that ,i shall not cheerfully obey to the best of my power40 ,but the news of ,oldenburg's release--though ,boyle must have been glad to hear of it--had come at an anxious time4 ,a few days before ,boyle received ,oldenburg's letter the ,lord ,chancellor ,clarendon had been required to resign the ,seals4 ,the ,boyle family must have known something of what was happening3 the ,burlingtons and the ,clarendons were next-door neighbours in the two great palaces in ,piccadilly1 and their children were married1--8,lory ,hide0 to ,henrietta ,boyle4 8,dear ,broghill0--now my ,lord ,orrery--had been in ,england by the ,king's wish for some little time1 having left ,munster under the care of a ,vice-,president4 8,lord ,orrery10 says his chaplain1 ,dr4 ,morrice1 quaintly1 8saw thoroughly into the tempers of people and the consequences of things40 ,and he had foreseen ,clarendon's fall1 and had already warned ,clarendon in vain4 ,in ,august1 ,lady ,clarendon had died3 8the mother of all his children and the companion in all his banishment1 and who had made all his former calamities less grievous by her company and courage40 ,lady ,clarendon had been buried in ,westminster ,abbey2 and alone1 in his new palace1 among his pictures and books1 the widower had received his ,majesty's visit of condolence4 ,and then1 only a few days later1 had come the ,king's message1 carried by the ,chancellor's son-in-law the ,duke of ,york4 ,it was desirable 8on various grounds1 but especially for his own safety10 that ,clarendon should resign the ,seals4 ,during the next day or two the ,duke of ,york1 the ,duchess--,clarendon's daughter--and ,archbishop ,sheldon1 and various other people1 interceded for ,clarendon with the ,king4 ,and on the morning of ,august #bf ,clarendon was sent for to ,whitehall4 ,the audience lasted two hours1 in the ,king's own chamber1 and then the ,chancellor was dismissed and departed1 8looking sad10 through the private garden of ,whitehall1 which was 8full of people0 waiting to see him come out4 ,lady ,castlemaine1 in her smock1 looked down upon the garden from her aviary window1 laughing with the gallants below1 and 8blessing herself at the old man's going40 ,next day ,evelyn called on the ,chancellor at his house in ,piccadilly4 8,i found him10 says ,evelyn1 8in his bedchamber1 very sad40 ,the tide had turned against him3 the ,parliament had accused him1 and he had enemies at ,court2 8especialy the buffoones and ladies of pleasure1 because he thwarted some of them and stood in their way40 ,all this is old reading3 the fall of ,clarendon is a chapter of ,british history4 ,but it is not quite so well known that ,lord ,orrery1 8dear ,broghill10 the uncle of 8,lory ,hide's0 wife1 was asked to take the seals that ,clarendon had been forced to give up4 ,according to ,morrice1 the ,duchess of ,york appealed to ,lord ,orrery to take the seals and heal the breach between the ,king and the ,duke1 whose suspected papacy was 8against him40 ,and then the ,duke tried to persuade ,lord ,orrery2 and lastly the ,king himself offered him the ,chancellorship4 ,but ,broghill's had always been a 8well-armed head02 and now that he was ,lord ,orrery he knew his ,king--and he knew his gout2 and he made his gout serve as an excuse for declining the honour offered him by his ,king4 8,i am a decrepit man10 he said to the ,duchess of ,york2 but he took a turn or two in his coach1 in the park1 planning what could be done to make the ,king and the ,duke agree1 and thinking what a pity it was that ,clarendon had been so imperious--even towards the ,king himself4 ,so far ,morrice4 ,lord ,orrery went back to ,ireland1 and ,sir ,orlando ,bridgeman was the new ,chancellor3 8the man of the whole nation that is best spoken of1 and will please most people10 says the fickle ,pepys1 who had himself1 such a little while before1 been 8mad in love with my ,lord ,chancellor40 ,in ,october ,lord ,orrery's new play1 ,the ,black ,prince1 was produced at the ,king's ,theatre4 ,the house was 8infinite full10 the ,king and ,duke there1 and not a seat to be got by ,mr4 ,pepys in the pit1 so that he was obliged to pay four shillings for a seat in the upper boxes1 8the first time ever ,i sat in a box in my life40 ,in ,november and ,december both ,houses were 8very busy about my ,lord ,chancellor's impeachment10 and ,lory ,hide was going about saying that if he thought his father had done only one of the things that were being said against him1 he1 ,lory ,hide1 would be 8the first that should call for judgment against him01 which ,mr4 ,waller1 the poet1 8did say was spoke like the old ,roman--like ,brutus--for its greatness and worthiness40 ,on ,december #c1 ,henry ,oldenburg1 back at his work as ,secretary of the ,royal ,society1 was writing to ,boyle of the 8grand affair10 the wrangle of ,lords and ,commons over the terms of ,clarendon's impeachment4 ,and the same letter announced that the ,royal ,society had 8greatly applauded0 ,boyle's recently communicated ,experiments of ,light2 and that at the ,anniversary ,meeting of the ,society1 on ,st4 ,andrew's ,day1 ,boyle had been elected one of the new ,council--8a very numerous meeting 444 never so great a one before40 ,boyle was then still in ,oxford2 but ,evelyn1 the ,chancellor's old friend1 had been calling again at the great house in ,piccadilly3 8,to visit the late ,lord ,chancellor4 ,i found him in his garden at his new built ,palace1 sitting in his gowt wheele-chayre1 and seeing the gates setting up towards the ,north and the fields4 ,he look'd and spoke very disconsolately 444 next morning ,i heard he was gon44440 ,clarendon1 by the ,king's orders1 had hurriedly escaped to ,france1 to be followed into exile by an ,act of ,parliament banishing him for life4 ,clarendon was gone2 and the 8,cabal0 administration had begun4#cai ,if the year #affg ended anxiously for the ,boyle family1 the year #affh was to prove more anxious still4 ,lord ,orrery had returned to ,ireland to take up his presidency of ,munster1 and was living in great splendour at ,charleville2 but he and the ,lord ,lieutenant1 ,ormonde1 disagreed2 and in the autumn of #affh ,lord ,orrery had resigned the presidency and was back in ,england4 ,he had 8been advised10 says ,morrice1 8that his credit at ,court had begun to decline10 and that it would be wise for him to be on the spot4 ,he was very much on the spot when ,pepys met him1 in ,october1 at ,lord ,arlington's house4 ,in spite of his gout1 the urbanity of the ,boyle family had not forsaken him4 ,he 8took notice0 of ,pepys1 and began a 8discourse of hangings1 and of the improvement of shipping02 and ,pepys presently discovered that ,lord ,orrery was paying 8a mighty compliment0 to his abilities and ingenuity1 8which ,i am mighty proud of1 and he do speak most excellently40 ,but later in ,november came a rude awakening4 ,it was now my ,lord ,orrery's turn to be impeached in the ,house of ,commons1 8for raising of moneys by his own authority upon his ,majesty's subjects40 ,when the summons came1 ,lord ,orrery was laid up with a severe attack of gout2 and when he was well enough1 a few days later1 to answer the summons in person1 he could scarcely manage to get up the steps from ,westminster ,hall to the ,court of ,request4 ,a friend1 passing by1 remarked that my ,lord of ,orrery walked with difficulty and pain4 8,yes1 sir10 said ,orrery1 8my feet are weak2 but if my heels will serve to carry me up1 ,i promise you my head shall bring me safe down again40 ,and it did4 ,he made an able defence--sitting1 because of his gout2 and at the psychological moment1 so the story runs1 the ,king put an end to the proceedings by proroguing both ,houses4#cbj ,impeachments might be as thick as blackberries2 ,lord ,orrery might discourse cheerfully of 8hangings0 at a dinner party at ,lord ,arlington's house2 but1 after all1 it was only five-and-twenty years since the old ,earl of ,cork had died in harness with all his sons in the field4 ,it would have been inconvenient to overlook such services and such sacrifices as the great ,boyle family in ,ireland had rendered to their ,kings4 ,no further steps were to be taken against ,lord ,orrery4 8,i am glad the ,house dismissed that foolish impeachment against my ,lord ,orrery10 wrote ,mr4 ,stubbe1 of ,warwick1 to ,robert ,boyle4 ,morrice says that1 while the affair was in progress1 ,lady ,pegg had been sent by her husband to ,ireland 8to secure the estates40 ,she had performed her mission 8with great dexterity and expedition10 so that 8if he had been impeached1 his family would have been safe40 ,as it was1 ,lord ,orrery returned to ,ireland and ,lady ,pegg--to occupy himself with repairing his last great home of ,castle ,martyr1 and to write his ,art of ,war4 ,and in ,december #affh another new play--,tryphon--a tragedy taken from the ,first ,book of ,maccabees1 was produced with great success at the ,duke's house4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,pepys1 on this occasion1 8put a bit of meat in their mouths0 and hurried off1 to find the theatre crowded1 and to sit out the performance in the eighteenpenny seats above-stairs--8mighty hot40 ,so ended #affh4 ,during the last half of the year1 at any rate1 ,robert ,boyle had been away from ,oxford and in the family circle4 ,it is probable that he was not far from 8dear ,broghill0 in his hour of trial4 ,after the family anxiety on this brother's account had quieted down1 there came news from ,ireland that ,lord ,ranelagh was dead4 ,his death can have brought little outward change to the house in the ,mall4 ,dick ,jones--whose life at ,court with ,grammont and the rest of the gallants must have caused ,lady ,ranelagh many a heartache1 had been for some time employed in ,irish politics and in ,ireland4 ,ormonde had brought about a reconciliation between ,lord ,ranelagh and his son2 and the young ,pyrophilus had been member for the county of ,roscommon in the ,irish ,parliament before his father's death raised him to the ,upper ,house4 ,it is suggestive that ,lord ,ranelagh's nuncupative ,will left the two unmarried daughters1 ,elizabeth and ,frances1 a sum of money1 subject to their marrying with the consent of the eldest sister1 ,lady ,mount-,alexander4 ,it is a question whether 8the girls0 received any money as a result of these nuncupative paternal intentions4 ,elizabeth1 who became ,mrs4 ,melster1 must have been the heroine of a humble love-story1 for her husband is described in the old peerages as a valet de p4 ,this did not mean exactly in those times what it means to-day1 nor was it exactly what might have been expected for a granddaughter of the ,great ,earl of ,cork4 ,and yet1 it must be remembered that the old ,elizabethan ,peer had always about him a little entourage of cousin-commoners1 as staunch as they were unobtrusive1--,naylors of ,gray's ,inn and ,croones of ,cheapside4 ,frances1 the delicate daughter--the baby born prematurely at the manor of ,stalbridge--does not seem to have married at all4 ,lady ,ranelagh had nursed 8my poor ,franck0 through many illnesses--smallpox1 of course1 among them4 ,she suffered from headaches2 and nothing did them so much good as the little packets of tea--a costly luxury in those days--that ,lady ,ranelagh was able to procure for her by the kindness of the ,oxford uncle4 ,elizabeth and ,frances were both probably still 8the girls10 and living with their mother1 when ,robert ,boyle1 in #affi1 left ,oxford for good4 ,their uncle ,robyn1 the 8deare ,squire0--was long ago turned philosopher2 something of a valetudinary2 a virtuoso of an ,european fame4 ,philosophers of all nations flocked to see ,mr4 ,boyle's experiments4 ,the ,royal ,society--all intellectual ,london--was waiting for his coming4 ,with his books and instruments and standish--but1 alas6 no longer his bows and arrows--he once more1 as in the old-young days of #afdd1 took up his residence with ,lady ,ranelagh in the house in ,pall ,mall4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,the ,,house ,,in ,,pall ,,mall 8444 ,only this methinks ,i am sure of1 that it is a brave thing to be one of those1 that shall lift up their heads with joy in expectation of a present redemption1 when all these ruins and confusions shall be upon the ,earth2 and such brave men and women are only true ,christians4 ,therefore1 my dear brother1 let us endeavour for that dignity1 though in maintaining it we take courses1 that have the contempt of the world heaped upon them2 for to be contemned by the contemptible is glorious in the opinion of your ,k4 ,r40--,,lady ,,ranelagh to ,,robert ,,boyle1 ,september #ad 7#afec874 8,the ,book of ,nature is a fine and large piece of tapestry rolled up1 which we are not able to see all at once1 but must be content to wait for the discovery of its beauty and symmetry1 little by little1 as it gradually comes to be more and more unfolded or displayed40--,,robert ,,boyle1 ,second ,part of the ,christian ,virtuoso1 ,aphorism xxi4 ,the intellectual atmosphere of ,oxford1 when ,robert ,boyle said good-bye to it1 was not the same 8ayre0 that he had weighed so pleasantly in #afei4 ,indeed1 he must have been rather glad to be out of it before the great occasion of the opening of the ,sheldonian at the ,encnia of #affi4 ,evelyn1 who was present1 was scandalised1 not only by the ,university ,orator's 8malicious and indecent reflections on the ,royal ,society as undermining of the ,university10 but by the performance of the ,university ,buffoone1 8which1 unless it be suppressed10 he says1 8it will be of ill consequences1 as ,i afterwards plainly expressed my sense of it both to the ,vice-,chancellor#cba and severall heads of houses1 who were perfectly ashamed of it and resolved to take care of it in future40 ,the 8old facetious way0 had given place to ribald and libellous attacks3 8,in my life10 says ,evelyn1 8,i was never witnesse of so shamefull entertainment40 ,boyle's old friend1 ,dr4 ,wallis1 ,professor of ,mathematics1 was equally distressed4 ,in fact1 he wrote about it to ,mr4 ,boyle in ,london4 ,wallis had been one of those who objected to the fulsome wording of the proposed letter of thanks from the ,university to the ,archbishop--a letter acknowledging ,sheldon as their 8,creator and ,redeemer03 non tantus condere1 hoc est creare1 sed etiam redimere4#cbb ,and he was as angry with the ,university ,orator's attack on 8,cromwell1 fanatics1 the ,royal ,society and the ,new ,philosophy10 as he was at the abominable scurrilities of the ,university ,buffoone4 ,real stage-plays1 too1 imported from the ,duke's ,house1 had been acted in the ,oxford ,town ,hall--and were less objectionable than what had gone on in the ,sheldonian4 ,but even ,wallis seems to have been infected by the summer madness of that ,encnia of #affi4 ,he had been entertaining some of the guests at his own house2 ,sir ,james ,langham and his ,lady1 and other 8persons of quality02 and in an after-dinner chat ,sir ,james had been expatiating on the qualities of 8an excellent lady10 ,lady ,mary ,hastings1 sister to the ,earl of ,huntingdon--a lady for whom ,sir ,james had a very great esteem4 ,so highly1 indeed1 did he think of 8her temper1 her parts1 her worth1 her virtue1 her piety and everything else10 that he would have been quite willing to marry her himself except that she was his deceased wife's sister1 and that he was already married again4 ,but ,sir ,james thought--and ,wallis concurred with him--that ,lady ,mary would make 8not only an excellent wife1 but an excellent wife for ,esquire ,boyle40 ,and ,wallis wrote then and there to ,boyle to offer to be 8the happy instrument of making two so excellent persons happy in each other40 ,wallis may in his youth have studied cryptology2 but in his middle age he did not understand ,robert ,boyle4 ,lady ,mary ,hastings probably never knew of the future that had been so neatly mapped out for her in that after-dinner chat4 ,she married ,sir ,william ,joliffe1 of ,caverswell ,castle1 in ,staffordshire4 ,the ,manor of ,stalbridge stood empty2 and ,mr4 ,boyle went on living in ,pall ,mall4 ,but if ,oxford was changed of late years1 so also was ,pall ,mall--very much changed indeed since a certain dark evening of #afdi1 when ,cromwell's 8sightly lieutenant10 carrying the message to ,broghill1 rode up to ,lady ,ranelagh's door4 ,one of the first things that ,charles ,,ii had done was to make a new ,mall in ,st4 ,james's ,park1 and to improve the ,park itself--8now every day more and more pleasant by the new works upon it10 wrote ,pepys in ,january #affb4 ,a river was made through the ,park2 and there on frosty winter days ,pepys stood to watch the gay groups 8sliding with their skeates--which is a very pretty art40 ,the ,duke of ,york was an accomplished skater1 and the ,king was a great hand at the game of ,mall4 8,here a well-polished ,mall gives us the joy ,to see our ,prince his matchless force employ4 ,no sooner had he touch'd the flying ball ,but 'tis already more than half the ,mall40#cbc ,when ,pepys stopped to have a talk with the keeper of the ,mall--who was 8sweeping of it0 at the moment--he examined with interest its earthen flooring1 spread with powdered cockle-shells4 ,evelyn1 on the other hand1 cared more about the birds and beasts that inhabited the ,park--the 8deare of severall countries10 the guinea-fowl and ,arabian sheep2 the pelican1 and the melancholy waterfowl brought by the ,russian ,ambassador from ,astracan2 the ,solan geese1 and the pet crane with a real wooden leg--8made by a soldier40 ,waller has described ,st4 ,james's ,park 8as lately improved by his ,majesty0-- 8,methinks ,i see the love that shall be made1 ,the lovers walking in that amorous shade2 ,the ,gallants dancing by the riverside-- ,they bathe in summer and in winter slide4 ,methinks ,i hear the music in the boats1 ,and the loud echo which returns the notes4 444 ,the ladies angling in the crystal lake ,feast on the waters with the prey they take2 ,at once victorious with their lines and eyes ,they make the fishes and the men their prize40 ,mr4 ,waller saw everything couleur de rose4 8,i know his calling as a ,poet10 wrote ,lady ,ranelagh once to ,robert ,boyle1 when ,waller had been paying her one of his elaborate compliments1 8gives him license to say as great things as he can without intending that they should signify anything more than that he said them40#cbd ,and it is possible some of the older inhabitants of ,pall ,mall did not look so kindly on the 8improvements0 in ,st4 ,james's ,park4 ,the old ,mall1 and the old game that was played there1 dated back to ,james ,i4 ,there was a 8,pell ,mell ,close0 planted with apple-trees that gave the name to ,apple-,tree ,yard1 ,st4 ,james's ,square4 ,the houses had been built on both sides of the ,old ,mall2--8,the ,pall ,mall10 as it was called1 or 8,pall ,mall ,walk10 or 8,the ,pavement40 ,its double row of seventy elm trees--#adj trees in all--running its length1 from the ,haymarket to ,st4 ,james's1 may well have been the 8living gallery of aged trees10 in ,waller's poem of #affa4 ,lady ,ranelagh's house was one of those on the south side1 at the west end1 of the ,mall2 houses advertised as 8on the ,park side1 with ,gardens or ,mounts adjoining to the ,royal ,gardens40 ,there were various interesting inhabitants of the ,mall about the time that ,boyle went to live there with ,lady ,ranelagh4 ,dr4 ,sydenham1 the fashionable ,london physician1 had been living there since #afeh--;an old friend of theirs3 one of the great ,dorsetshire ,puritan family of ,sydenhams1 of whom the doctor's brother1 the ,parliamentarian ,colonel ,sydenham1 was the chief4 ,mrs4 ,knight the singer1 and ,dr4 ,isaac ,barrow the divine1 and the notorious ,countess of ,southesk who figures in the ,memoirs of ,grammont1 were all living in the ,mall4 ,there were taverns1 too1 and shops1 with signboards3 8,the ,king's ,head10 and 8,the ,two ,golden ,balls40 ,and ,pall ,mall was ,clubland1 even then3 8,wood's at the ,pell ,mell1 our old house for clubbing10 wrote ,pepys in #affj4 ,but in #afgj1 after ,boyle went to live there1 it was still a rural1 leafy little suburb of fashionable ,london1 between ,whitehall and ,st4 ,james's ,palace1 nestled among the old trees1 under the very shadow of ,westminster ,abbey and ,westminster ,palace2 the ,painted ,chamber1 and the ,star ,chamber1 and ,st4 ,stephen's ,chapel--8,that house where all our ills were shaped10 as ,waller called it1--after the ,restoration4 ,so rural was the ,old ,mall1 that ,dr4 ,sydenham used to sit smoking his pipe at his open window looking on to the ,pavement1 with a silver tankard of ale on the window-sill2 and when once a thief ran off with the doctor's tankard1 thief and tankard alike were lost 8in the bushes of ,bond ,street40#cbe ,in #affi1 ,nell ,gwynne was living on the north side1 and at the east end1 of the ,mall1 next door to ,lady ,mary ,howard2 but in #afga1 she crossed over to a house on the ,park side of ,pall ,mall1 the leasehold of which had been given her by ,charles ,,ii2 and there1 from this time till her death in #afhg1 8,maddam ,elinor ,gwyn0 was living1 only two doors off from ,lady ,ranelagh and ,robert ,boyle4 ,those strips of back gardens1 with 8raised mounts0 in them looking over to the ,royal ,gardens1 were very near together4 ,did ,boyle1 whose laboratory was at the back of ,lady ,ranelagh's house1 see ,mrs4 ,nellie on her mount1 talking to the ,king who stood looking up at her from the green walk below8 ,evelyn was in attendance that day4 8,i both saw and heard10 wrote ,evelyn afterwards in his diary1 8a very familiar discourse between the ,king and ,mrs4 ,nellie1 as they cal'd an impudent comedian1 she looking out of her garden on a terrace at the top of the wall1 and the ,king standing on y greene walke under it44440#cbf ,but that was in ,may #afga2 and by that time ,robert ,boyle had been very ill for eleven months1 and was only beginning to recover4 ,the year #affi1 and part of #afgj1 had been very busy4 ,besides his contributions to the ,royal ,society's ,transactions1 he had published further work on the ,spring and ,weight of the ,air1 and a second edition of his ,physiological ,essays4 ,du ,moulin's translation of the ,devil of ,mascon1 with ,boyle's introduction1 had appeared2 and ,boyle was using all his influence1 personal and literary1 to heal the feud between the ,royal ,society and the ,universities1 in which ,sprat and ,glanville1 ,stubbe1 ,crosse1 and others1 were taking sides4 ,and in #afgj there appeared ,boyle's ,tracts about the ,cosmical ,qualities of ,things1 better known by the delightful title of 8,cosmical ,suspicions40 ,boyle was at this time at the height of his scientific and literary popularity3 8,mr4 ,boiles ,styll0 meant very much to the intellectual ,london of that day4 ,it had its disciples1 and it had its critics4 ,evelyn has spoken of 8those incumbrances0 in it 8which now and then render the way a little tedious02 and there were people who thought that in his literary style ,mr4 ,boyle was not quite so happy as in his experiments4#cbg ,and even in these experiments1 one pair of eyes1 at least1 was fixed upon ,robert ,boyle2 eyes that saw as far as1 and perhaps a little further than1 even ,boyle's4 ,isaac ,newton--the boy who had jumped against the wind in that terrific storm that raged over ,england when ,cromwell lay dying--was only twenty-nine in #afga2 but he was already professor of mathematics at ,cambridge1 and a ,fellow of the ,royal ,society4 ,it was six years since he had noticed the traditional apple fall to earth in his mother's orchard in ,lincolnshire4 ,he himself had been tempted to seek after the philosopher's stone2 and when in #afgf ,isaac ,newton read in the ,transactions of ,boyle's 8uncommon experiment about the incalescence of gold and mercury10 it was in the finest spirit1 as one of ,boyle's sincerest 8honourers10 that ,newton wrote to ,oldenburg1 the secretary4 ,he felt that 8the fingers of many will itch to have the knowledge of the preparation of such a mercury2 and for that end some may not be wanting to move for the publishing of it1 by urging the good it may do in the world4 ,but1 in my simple judgment1 the noble author1 since he has thought fit to reveal himself so far1 does prudently in being reserved in the rest40 ,newton gave his reasons for doubting this theory of the transmutation of metals3 he foreshadowed the 8immense damage to the world0 that might come from proceeding further with it4 8,i question not10 he says of ,boyle's experiments1 8but that the great wisdom of the noble author will sway him to silence till he shall be resolved of what consequence they may be40 ,it was because ,boyle himself seemed 8desirous of the sense of others in this point0 that ,newton had 8been so free as to shoot my bolt40 ,isaac ,newton's 8bolt0 took effect1 though it must have cost ,boyle something to give up that little bit of research2 for he had been1 so to speak1 rolling a little ball of quicksilver and gold-dust in the palm of his hand ever since the year #afeb1 when he was only five-and-twenty2 pressing it a little with the fingers of the other hand1 till it grew 8sensibly and considerably hot10 and timing the 8incalescence0 by a minute clock4 ,he was to hover about the subject for a time1 but in the end1 he was to follow ,newton's advice4 ,if these two men could be present at a meeting of the ,royal ,society in ,burlington ,house to-day6 ,their two portraits are on its walls4 ,their two faces look down on modern experimental science4 ,their self-restraint has had its reward4 ,already1 in #afgj1 ,boyle was at the height of his literary and scientific popularity1 the acknowledged chief of the circle of ,new ,philosophers in ,london4 ,he had long been a valetudinary1 saving his strength for his work1 and holding himself aloof from uncongenial company4 ,and he was now beginning to enjoy the ease and dignity of home life1 a clever woman's ministrations and companionship1 and the thousand-and-one little amenities of a home that his bachelor life in his ,oxford lodgings must have lacked4 ,but in ,june #afgj he had been taken suddenly ill2 8a severe paralytic distemper01 it was called2 and eleven months later1 in ,may #afga1 he was writing a pathetic little letter to his old ,dorsetshire friend1 ,john ,mallet of ,poynington1 describing in his own gentle words his invalid condition4 8,i have taken so many medicines10 he wrote1 8and found the relief they awarded me so very slow1 that it is not easy for me to tell you what ,i found most good by4 ,the things which to me seem fittest to be mentioned on this occasion are that cordial medicines1 especially such as peculiarly befriend the genus nervosum1 were very frequently and not unsuccessfully administered 444 that the dried flesh of vipers seemed to be one of the usefullest cordials ,i took2 but then ,i persevered in taking it daily for a great while4 ,that ,i seldom missed a day without taking the air1 at least once1 and that even when ,i was at the weakest1 and was fain to be carried in men's arms from my chair into the coach4 ,that the best thing ,i found to strengthen my feet and legs1 and which ,i still use1 was sack turned to a brine with sea-salt and well rubbed upon the parts every morning and night with a warm hand44440 ,boyle's own doctor was ,edmund ,king--not then ,sir ,edmund and the ,king's ,physician1 but a ,london practitioner of repute1 living in ,hatton ,gardens2 a year or two younger than ,boyle2 a member of the ,royal ,society2 a friend of ,willis and ,petty1 and a great man for dissections and experiments4 ,it was ,edmund ,king who was so interested in the first transfusion experiments on human subjects1 and who1 8with my best microscope10 noticed the appearance of living organisms in 8things left in water40 ,and it is to be remembered that in a list of ,boyle's lost manuscripts there is one with the title 8,spontaneous ,generation40 ,it is possible that he and ,dr4 ,king may have been working together with the microscope4 ,the 8viper powder0 was one of ,dr4 ,king's prescriptions1 though he is said to have preferred the 8volatile salt40 ,it was not till some years later that ,dr4 ,king gained such celebrity by his prompt action in bleeding ,charles ,,ii after his apoplectic seizure4 ,he had a lancet in his pocket2 and no other doctor was at hand4 ,boyle recovered from his paralytic distemper1 though very slowly4 ,whether it was the cordial of viper's flesh1 or the ministration of a warm human hand1 he did regain strength1 and was able once more to take up his work and resume his ,london life--always afterwards more or less the life of a studious invalid4 8,it has plainely astonish'd me10 says ,evelyn1 8to have seene him so often recover1 when he has not been able to move1 or bring his hand to his mouth3 and indeede the contexture of his body1 during the best of his health1 appear'd to me so delicate1 that ,i have frequently compar'd him to a chrystal or ,venice glasse which1 tho' wrought never so thin and fine1 being carefully set up1 would outlive the harder metals of daily use3 ,and he was with all as clear and candid3 not a blemish or spot to tarnish his reputation40 ,the mere number of ,boyle's publications during these years is remarkable1 even though much of the work for them had been done before1 and had only to be arranged for publication4 ,they dealt with the ,usefulness of ,experimental ,natural ,philosophy2 the ,origin and ,virtue of ,gems2 ,fire1 ,flame1 and ,effluviums2 the ,pressure of ,solids and ,fluids1 and the ,weighing of ,water2 the ,properties of ,sea ,water1 and its ,distillation2 the ,mechanical ,causes of ,heat and ,cold1 ,volatility and ,precipitation and ,corrosiveness2 the ,production of ,tastes2 the ,hypothesis of ,alkali and ,acidum1 and the effects of atmospheric conditions 8even on men's sickness and health40 ,and there was always the other facet to ,boyle's intellectual nature4 ,while he was writing of all these and other things1 while he was wrapped up in ,suspicions--about the hidden qualities of air1 celestial magnets and attraction by suction1 statical hygroscopes1 laudanum1 and air-bladders1 and 8quicksilver turning hot with gold10--he was also deep in meditations of the 8,excellence of ,theology compared with ,natural ,philosophy40 ,both had always seemed to him to be the 8,objects of ,men's ,study40 ,he held tenaciously to the 8,reconcilableness of ,reason and ,religion02 and his theological treatises were to run parallel with his philosophical transactions4 ,the later chapters of biography are of necessity a chronicle of losses4 ,the death of the great admiral1 the ,earl of ,sandwich1 at the battle of ,solebay1 on ,may #bh1 #afgb1 removed the other splendid father-in-law of the ,burlington family4 ,his funeral1 8by water to ,westminster1 in solemn pomp10 must have affected the inmates of the house in ,pall ,mall as well as the families in the two ,piccadilly palaces4 8,they will not have me live10 ,lord ,sandwich had said sadly to ,evelyn1 before he sailed4 ,it is very certain that the whole trend of politics at this time--the crypto-catholic movement1 burrowing its way into ,protestant ,england2 the capuchins flitting about between ,whitehall and ,st4 ,james's2 the alliance with the ,french against the ,dutch1 and the prolonged war with ,holland2 the plottings and placings of the ,cabal1 and the quarrels and changes in the royal harem1 which had pushed up to the very door of the house in ,pall ,mall--must have been utterly distasteful to ,robert ,boyle and his passionately ,puritan sister4 ,poor ,charles ,rich1 my ,lord of ,warwick1 who had been ill for a long time1 died at ,leeze in #afgc1 leaving ,mary1 a childless great lady1 still surrounded by chaplains1 to administer her husband's property and to see all the three 8sweet young ladies10 her nieces1 married to satisfactory husbands of her own choosing4 ,a more personal loss to ,robert ,boyle was the sudden death of ,henry ,oldenburg in ,september #afgg4 ,he and another old friend1 ,dr4 ,worsley of the 8mountain-bellied conceptions0 for the good of mankind1 died almost at the same time4 ,oldenburg had worked hard for the ,royal ,society since he came out of the ,tower in the autumn of #affg4 ,he had carried the ,society through the troublesome time that followed the ,fire of ,london1 after the loss of its ,transactions and during its sojourn in ,arundel ,house4 ,he had seen it reinstated in ,gresham ,college1 and a great collation given in its honour by the ,mayor and ,aldermen of the ,city of ,london4 ,he had been overworked and underpaid1 and had added to the small gains he made out of the ,society's ,transactions#cbh by doing a good deal of work for ,boyle personally1 in proof-correcting and in translating ,boyle's books into ,latin4 ,and ,boyle had tried to obtain for him the ,latin ,secretaryship--the very post that ,milton had held--but in this he had failed4 ,one of the last glimpses of ,oldenburg and ,boyle together is at a little scientific supper-party in ,february #afgf1 given by ,sir ,joseph ,williamson1 who later became ,president of the ,royal ,society when ,lord ,brouncker resigned4 ,boyle was well enough to be at this supper-party2 and ,evelyn and ,wren and ,petty and one or two others were there1 and 8our ,secretary1 ,mr4 ,oldenburg40#cbi ,lady ,ranelagh was away from home on a visit when the news of ,oldenburg's death reached her2 and1 knowing how much her brother would feel his death1 she wrote ,boyle one of her most comfortable letters1 and made arrangements to return home at once4#ccj ,and as ,oldenburg had died without making a will1 and his wife 7his second wife1 daughter of ,john ,durie7 died just before or just after him1 ,robert ,boyle himself took care of their children1 left poorly provided for and without relations in this country4 ,the boy had been named 8,rupert10 after the scientific ,prince4 ,mary1 ,countess of ,warwick1 survived her husband just five years4 ,her death at ,leeze1 in #afgh1 must have closed a chapter in the life of the sister and brother in ,pall ,mall4 ,lady ,ranelagh had been with ,mary in all her hours of trial--and they had been so many--the little1 8unrewly0 sister6 ,lady ,ranelagh had been at ,stalbridge when the ,earl of ,cork was so angry because ,mary dismissed ,mr4 ,james ,hamilton2 it was ,lady ,ranelagh who had accompanied ,charles and ,mary to ,leeze after their runaway marriage1 and stayed with them there till ,mary had found her place in that patriarchal family4 ,it was ,lady ,ranelagh who had tended ,mary in all her illnesses1 and had taken ,mary and ,charles under her own roof after their son's death4 ,and ,robert ,boyle1 too2--how tenderly romantic ,mary had been when the 8deare ,squire0 took refuge at delicious ,leeze in the summer of #afdh1 and she sat beside him while he wrote his ,seraphick ,love6 ,how she had wept over the pages as they were handed to her1 the ink scarcely dry6 ,but an even greater loss was to come in ,broghill's1 my ,lord of ,orrery's1 death in #afgi4 ,he had been ill for a year or two1 and back and forward between ,ireland and ,england1 in the hands of the physicians2 but otherwise he had been living the life of a great landowner on his ,irish estates at ,charleville and at ,castle ,martyr4 ,his ,art of ,war1 dedicated to ,charles ,,ii1 had been published in #afgg1 and had met with a certain success4 ,he was to have written a continuation of it1 if the first volume had proved sufficiently popular4 ,but warfare1 like other things1 has its fashions2 and even warriors grow old3 it was nearly forty years since the 8,mortall ,sowe0 had done such good service on the walls of ,lismore4 ,lady ,pegg was with her husband1 his strong friend and helpmate1 to the last4 ,the beautiful bride of ,suckling's wedding-ballad1 with the slender ring-finger and the bee-stung lip1 was now surrounded by children1 grown up and married1 some of them1 and with great homes of their own4 ,but ,lady ,pegg was beautiful and comfortable still4 8,a rose in autumn10 as old ,lord ,goring used to say1 8is as sweet as a rose in ,june40 ,there is no doubt that ,broghill1 the soldier-statesman and dramatist--8my dearest ,governor10 as ,robert ,boyle called him--was the favourite brother1 and that ,lady ,pegg was the chief of sisters-in-law1 8the great support1 ornament and comfort0 of her family4 ,on ,st4 ,andrew's ,day #afhj ,boyle was elected ,president of the ,royal ,society4 ,the anniversary meeting and the dinner that followed it had brought a large gathering of the philosophers together4 ,evelyn was there1 and his diary records the election of 8that excellent person and greate ,philosopher ,mr4 ,robert ,boyle1 who indeede ought to have been the very first2 but neither his infirmities nor his modestie could now any longer excuse him40 ,but ,evelyn omits to mention that ,boyle declined the presidency4 ,he had an insuperable objection to tests and oaths4 ,he took ,counsel's opinion in the matter1 and he wrote to his old assistant ,hooke1#cca explaining his 8great 7and perhaps peculiar7 tenderness in point of oaths02 asking ,hooke to convey his thanks to the ,society1 but begging them to 8proceed to a new election40 ,less and less able now to attend the meetings of the ,society1 ,boyle was gradually to withdraw also from the meetings of the ,east ,india ,company1 of which he was a ,director1 and of the ,society for the ,propagation of the ,gospel1 of which he was ,governor4 ,more and more did he retire into his quiet home-life in the house in ,pall ,mall1 which had been enlarged to suit his purposes4 ,there is no mention of him at the famous supper-party of the ,royal ,society1 at which everything was cooked in ,monsieur ,papin's ,digestors--that 8philosophical supper0 which caused so much mirth and 8exceedingly pleas'd all the company40 ,he is more likely to have been present a week or two later to see the ,morocco ,ambassador subscribe his name and titles in ,arabic1 on the occasion of his being admitted honorary member of the ,royal ,society4 ,boyle lived1 indeed1 much among his books and manuscripts1 and in his laboratory4 ,with the help of an amanuensis1 he carried on a large correspondence among the new philosophers of the ,old ,world1 and the ,christian missionaries in the ,new4 ,the ,new ,englanders wrote to him as their fount of charity3 8,right ,honourable1 charitable1 indefatiguable1 nursing father40 ,he had tried to spread the knowledge of the ,bible in the ,east1 in ,turkish and ,arabic1 and in the ,malayan tongue2 and the publication of the ,irish ,bible was one of the great interests of his later years4 ,while ,narcissus ,marsh#ccb and others did the actual work of translation and dissemination in ,ireland1 ,robert ,boyle in ,pall ,mall promoted it 8with his influence and purse02 and ,boyle's ,irish ,bible was to find its way into ,gaelic ,scotland also1 before ,scotland had a ,gaelic ,bible of her own4#ccc ,but ,boyle spent his money also in helping individual cases--people whose lots were less happy than he thought they deserved2 poor hard-worked clergy2 the 8distress'd refugees of ,france and ,ireland02 and 8learned men who were put to wrestle with necessities40 ,he did this1 very quietly1 for many years--usually by the hands of one or two personal friends in whose discretion he could trust4 ,gilbert ,burnet1 in those latter years1 was one of these friends2 and ,burnet's own ,history of the ,reformation would never have been published without ,boyle's assistance4 ,so quietly did ,boyle dispense his charities that sometimes the very men so helped did not know from whence the help came2 but ,burnet says that for years ,boyle spent on this form of charity more than #ajjj a year1 which would mean more than three times that sum to-day4 ,and he gave impartially1 without thought of race or creed1 holding himself to be 8a part of the human nature1 a debtor to the whole race of men40 ,perhaps his especial protgs were those who had suffered for their religious and political convictions4 ,a story of any kind of persecution would bring a flush of anger and distress to his gentle face1 and words of the deepest indignation to lips which rarely opened to 8speak against men40 ,each year saw the publication of new tracts and treatises1 and revised editions4 ,they follow each other almost too quickly for enumeration4 ,his ,discourse of ,things above ,reason3 inquiring whether a philosopher should admit there are any such1 appeared in #afha2 his ,memoirs of the ,natural ,history of the ,human ,blood1 in #afhd4 ,that was the winter of the ,great ,frost1 #afhc-d1 when all ,london bivouacked and made merry on the frozen ,thames1 and the smallpox was 8very mortall40 ,it must have been a trying winter for the invalid philosopher2 for ,london 8by reason of the excessive coldnesse of the aire hindering the ascent of the smoke1 was so fill'd with the fuliginous steame of the sea-coale that hardly could one see crosse the streetes1 and thro' filling the lungs with its grosse particles exceedingly obstructed the breast1 so as one could scarcely breathe40#ccd ,and there was no water to be had from pipes or engines2 the birds and beasts died in the parks1 the breweries were at a standstill1 and fuel was exorbitantly dear4 ,the treatise ,of the ,high ,veneration ,man's ,intellect ,owes to ,god appeared in #afhe1 and ,a ,free ,enquiry into the ,vulgarly ,received ,notion of ,nature in #afhf4 ,the ,martyrdom of ,theodora and of ,didymus1 written in his youth1 was revised and printed in #afhg2 and about this time ,boyle was advertising among the virtuosi for his lost and plagiarised manuscripts1 evidently with some intention of bringing out a collected edition of his works4 ,the only collection hitherto had been a very incomplete ,latin edition1 published without his knowledge in ,geneva1 in #afgg4 ,in #afij he published his ,medicina ,hydrostatica1 and the first part of ,the ,christian ,virtuoso2#cce and in #afia--the last year of his life--his ,experimenta ,observationes ,physic4 ,some of his writings1 left with his executors1 were to appear posthumously2 and he had deposited with the secretaries of the ,royal ,society a sealed packet containing his account of the making of phosphorus--not to be opened till after his death4#ccf ,a busy life1 to the last2 but what a quiet life it was for the sister and brother during those last momentous years1 in the house in ,pall ,mall6 ,history swept past them3 ,kings came and went1 ,cabinets changed1 beautiful faces faded1 ,parliaments were dissolved1 creeds and parties wrangled and plotted1 brave men--and women too--died on scaffolds and the gallows-tree and at the stake for political crimes4 ,all the world knows about ,lord ,russell and ,algernon ,sidney2 but it is sometimes forgotten that ,mrs4 ,lisle1 the wife of a regicide1 laid her head on the block for 8harbouring a rebel01 and that ,elizabeth ,gaunt1 for the same political crime1 was burned at ,tyburn4#ccg ,a new ,london grew up over the old ruins--new steeples on old foundations--and fashionable new squares were built where green fields had been4 ,and all the time a great and cumbrous ,constitution was raising itself over centuries of abuse and sacrifice--a nation's blood and tears4 ,events crowded the canvas3 ,charles ,,ii's melodramatic ending2 the accession of the bigot ,james ,,ii2 ,monmouth's rising and execution2 the 8,bloody ,assizes0 of ,judge ,jeffreys1 in ,dorset and ,somerset2 ,james's league with the ,french2 the revoking of the ,edict of ,nantes and the horrible atrocities that followed4 ,catholicism spread its fibres throughout ,england1 permeating ,army1 ,law ,courts1 ,parliament and ,university4 ,priests--,carmelites1 ,benedictines and ,franciscans--walked about the streets of ,london1 and a huge ,jesuit school was set up in the ,savoy4 ,in ,scotland1 a ,catholic was in command at ,edinburgh ,castle3 in ,ireland1 a ,catholic was at the head of the ,army1 and thousands of ,catholic ,irish were drafted into its ranks4#cch ,a boy was born to ,james ,,ii and ,mary of ,modena1 and there were whispered stories of imposture and the historic warming-pan4 ,then ,protestantism closed up its ranks1 the ,state ,church and the ,nonconformists combined in face of a common danger1 and the hopes of ,protestant ,england were fixed upon ,william and ,mary4 ,another message carried from ,england to ,the ,hague brought another ,prince to ,english shores1 but this time 8to intervene in arms for the restoration of ,english liberty and the protection of the ,protestant religion04 ,another proclamation in ,london1 but this time of an ,anglo-,dutch ,prince1 and a ,princess who was not only the daughter of ,james ,,ii but the granddaughter of ,hyde1 ,earl of ,clarendon4 ,another bloody rebellion in ,ireland1 another chapter of massacre and terrorism2 but this time it was ,ulster1 and the ,ulster ,scots1 who were fighting for ,protestantism4 ,robert ,boyle and ,lady ,ranelagh1 growing old in the house in the ,mall--two children of the great ,elizabethan ,puritan ,earl of ,cork--had watched ,munster pass again into the hands of the ,catholic ,irish2 but they lived just long enough to see ,william and ,mary ,sovereigns of ,england1 and to have the tidings of the ,siege of ,londonderry and the ,battle of the ,boyne4 ,one of the last reports of the ,rebellion that can have reached ,lady ,ranelagh was the taking of ,athlone by the ,english3 it must have brought back to her the early days of her married life1 when ,arthur ,jones had carried her off to ,athlone ,castle1 a beautiful1 high-spirited girl of sixteen4 ,and now she was seventy-six4 ,to her1 if to nobody else in the world1 her philosopher brother1 twelve years her junior1 was still 8,robyn0--the 8,deare ,squire40 ,there were some empty rooms and many memories in the house in ,pall ,mall2 but the sister and brother were together1 and it was a hospitable and pleasant house1 and open to many friends4 ,distinguished strangers from many parts of the world came to pay their respects to ,mr4 ,boyle1 the celebrated ,sceptical ,chymist and ,christian ,virtuoso1 and his incomparable sister1 the ,lady ,ranelagh1 who for fifty years had lived 8on the most public scene10 and 8made the greatest figure in all the revolutions of these kingdoms of any woman of that age40#cci ,the ,london virtuosi--and there were bishops as well as mathematicians among them--brought their latest literary and scientific gossip to the house in the ,mall4 ,the elder brother1 old ,lord ,burlington1 was sometimes to be found there1 with a conversational statesman or two in tow1 who could successfully dodge the politics of the moment by indulging in such a pleasant and safe topic as the amours of ,mary1 ,queen of ,scots1 with 8the ,italian favourite40#cdj ,gilbert ,burnet--that eloquent and happy ,scotsman south of the ,tweed--sat at ,mr4 ,boyle's feet and took notes3 his bishopric was to come with the accession of ,william and ,mary4 ,even ,pyrophilus must have looked in upon his mother and uncle now and then4 ,dick's fortunes were up2 he was an important man1 had grown fat and very witty1 and was building himself a fine house in ,chelsea4#cda ,his mother's portrait was to hang on the wall of his private closet1 looking at him long after she was dead2 outliving other loves4#cdb ,men and women of the younger generation of this great family were living round about ,piccadilly1 ,st4 ,james's1 and ,pall ,mall4 ,one niece especially1 my ,lady ,thanet1 a married daughter of ,lord and ,lady ,burlington1 was a 8greate virtuosa10 known in ,london ,society as one who 8used to speak much of her uncle40#cdc ,and ,evelyn1 the friend of nearly forty years1 though he was a good deal older than ,boyle1 still found his way from ,deptford to ,pall ,mall to visit the philosopher and his sister4 ,in the afternoons1 ,boyle was seldom without company2 8neither did his severer studys10 says ,evelyn1 8soure his conversation in the least40 ,he had 8the most facetious and agreeable conversation in the world among the ladys1 whenever he happen'd to be engag'd2 and yet so very serious1 compos'd and contemplative at all other times2 tho' far from moroseness1 for indeede he was affable and civil rather to excesse1 yet without formality40#cdd ,so popular were ,mr4 ,boyle's cosmopolitan receptions that about the year #afhi he was obliged to put a 8board0 on the door in ,pall ,mall1 mentioning the days on which he was 8at home40 ,and he actually printed an announcement1 beginning 8,mr4 ,boyle finds himself obliged to intimate to those of his friends and acquaintances who are wont to do him the honour of visiting him10 and going on to explain that his 8skilful and friendly physician1 seconded by his best friends01 had strongly advised him not to see quite so many people4#cde ,the forenoons of ,tuesdays and ,fridays1 therefore1 8both foreign post-days10 and the afternoons of ,wednesdays and ,saturdays1 he proposed in future to reserve for himself1 8that he might have some time1 both to recruit his spirits1 to range his papers and fill up the lacun of them1 and to take some care of his affairs in ,ireland1 which are very much disordered1 and have their face often changed by the public calamities there40#cdf ,the announcement seems to have had the desired effect4 8,the mornings10 says ,evelyn in his description of the daily routine of ,boyle's last years1 8after his private devotions1 he usually spent in philosophic studys and in his laboratory1 sometimes extending them to night40 ,but he told ,evelyn he had quite given up reading by candle-light1 on account of his eyes4 ,his amanuensis used to read to him1 and write from notes1 or at his dictation2 and 8that so often in loose papers1 pack'd up without method1 as made him sometimes to seeke upon occasion1 as himself confesses in divers of his works40 ,and apparently ,boyle was not more tidy than other learned men4 8,glasses1 potts1 chymical and mathematical instruments1 books and bundles of papers1 did so fill and crowd his bedchamber1 that there was but just room for a few chaires1 so as his whole equipage was very philosophical1 without formality40 ,among the other rooms in the house there was a small library4 ,boyle did not want more3 8as learning more from men1 real experiments1 and in his laboratory 7which was ample and well furnished7 than from books40#cdg ,and the man himself1 in these last years8 ,he was 8rather tall1 and slender of stature1 pale1 and much emaciated40 ,owing to his delicacy of constitution1 8he had divers sorts of cloaks to put on when he went abroad1 and in this he governed himself by his thermometer40 ,his little difficulty of speech had never quite forsaken him4 8,in his first addresses1 being to speake or answer10 says ,evelyn1 8he did sometimes a little hesitate1 rather than stam'er or repeate the same word2 imputable to an infirmity which1 since my remembrance1 he had exceedingly overcome4 ,this1 as it made him somewhat slow and deliberate1 so after the first effort1 he proceeded without the least interruption in his discourse40#cdh ,in diet and in habit1 ,robert ,boyle was 8extreamely temperate and plaine02 nor could ,evelyn1 in all their friendship1 ever discover in him 8the least passion1 transport1 or censoriousnesse1 whatever discourse1 or the times1 suggested3 8,all was tranquil1 easy1 serious1 discreete and profitable1 so as besides ,mr4 ,hobbes1 whose hand was against everybody and admired nothing but his owne1 ,francis ,linus excepted 7who yet with much civility wrote against him71 ,i do not remember he had the least antagonist40#cdi ,the brother and sister had both been ill in the late autumn of #afia1 when ,boyle wrote to ,dr4 ,turberville at ,salisbury1 begging for a further prescription for his eyes4 8,sight is a thing dear to all men10 he wrote1 almost apologetically1 8and especially to studious persons40 ,his eyes had been troubling him very much of late1 especially by candle-light4 8,when the candles are newly snuffed10 wrote this great experimental philosopher1 8,i see far better for a little while30 but they very soon wanted snuffing again4#cej ,evelyn was out of town on ,december #bc1 when ,lady ,ranelagh died2 and he did not hear of her death1 or of her brother's serious illness immediately after it1 till it was too late4 8,for it was then10 says ,evelyn1 8he began evidently to droope apace40 ,when ,evelyn returned to town1 it was to stand by his old friend's grave4 ,robert ,boyle had survived his sister only seven days3 he died on ,december #cj1 #afia4 ,he was buried near to ,lady ,ranelagh1 in the ,chancel of ,st4 ,martin's-in-the-,fields4#cea ,burnet1 now ,bishop of ,salisbury1 preached the funeral sermon 8with that eloquence natural to him on such and all other occasions10 taking for his text the words1 8,for ,god giveth to a man that is good in ,his sight1 wisdom1 and knowledge1 and joy40#ceb 8,something too10 says ,evelyn1 8was touched of his sister1 the ,lady ,ranelagh40 ,but indeed it was not necessary4 ,her intellect and character were known to all those who stood about the grave4 ,her high standards and strong judgment would have been a gain to the statecraft of her day4 ,but she was a woman2 and if for more than twenty years her life had been a rich and beautiful thing as the sister of ,robert ,boyle1 for nearly forty years before that she had been the brave but unhappy wife of ,arthur ,jones--8the foulest churl in the ,worlde40 ,by ,boyle's own direction1 his funeral was 8without the least pomp02 but round his grave there stood1 besides his own many relatives1 8a greate appearance of persons of the best and noblest quality40 ,most of his ,irish lands were entailed1 and went to the eldest brother1 the ,earl of ,burlington and ,cork4 8,it does not afflict me10 so runs the will1 8that ,i have not children of my own to inherit my entailed lands1 since they are1 by that defect1 to return to him1 the truly honoured head of our house and family40 ,the ,manor of ,stalbridge went to ,frank1 the ,lord ,viscount ,shannon1 together with ,robyn's best watch and an affectionate message4 ,frank would notice that the ,manor ,house had been kept up 8for his sake10 though ,robyn had had no mind to live in it4 ,mrs4 ,melster1 the niece who had married the valet de p1 is included among ,boyle's 8honoured and dear nieces10 and is remembered more sumptuously than the others1 not because there is any difference of affection1 but because of her 8peculiar circumstances40 ,there were other lands in ,ireland1 and many bequests and legacies to relatives1 friends1 and servants besides the charitable bequests left in the hands of trustees4#cec 8,our ,society0 and the happy days at ,gresham ,college were not forgotten4 ,dr4 ,king was to have a silver standish1 and to ,robert ,hooke1 the 8perfecter0 of the beloved air-pump1 was left 8my best microscope1 and my best loadstone40 ,when ,robert ,boyle made his will in the summer of #afia he evidently had not thought it possible that ,lady ,ranelagh would die before him4 ,he had made her one of his executors1 and he had left her all his manuscripts and his 8collections of receipts40 ,but he had left her something else4 ,at the very beginning of his will1 first and foremost of all his worldly possessions1 ,robert ,boyle puts a small ring3 8,and as touching my temporal estate1 wherewith ,god of ,his goodness hath been pleased to endow me1 ,i dispose thereof in manner and form following2 that is to say-- 8,i give and bequeathe unto my dear sister1 the ,lady ,katharine1 ,viscountess ,ranelagh1 a small ring1 usually worn by me on my left hand1 having in it two small diamonds with an emerald in the middle1 which ring being held by me1 ever since my youth1 in great esteem1 and worn for many years for a particular reason1 not unknown to my said sister1 the ,lady ,ranelagh1 ,i do earnestly beseech her1 my said sister1 to wear it in remembrance of a brother that truly honoured and most dearly loved her40 ,but ,lady ,ranelagh was dead--seven days before ,robert ,boyle4 ,what became of the small ring8 ,and what was its story8 ,why had ,boyle worn it on his left hand ever since his youth1 holding it in great esteem8 ,lady ,ranelagh knew--and ,lady ,ranelagh was dead4 ,what was the 8particular reason08 ,the story of the little ring1 if not the ring itself1 is buried in the ,chancel of ,st4 ,martin's-in-the-,fields4 ,,footnotes #a ,lismore ,papers1 first series1 vol4 i4 #b ,philaretus4 ,robert ,boyle left a fragment of ,autobiography1 ,an ,account of ,philaretus 7i4e4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,boyle7 during his ,minority4 ,see ,works1 ed4 ,birch1 #f vols41 #aggd4 #c ,for a delightful modern biography1 see the ,life and ,letters of the ,great ,earl of ,cork1 by ,dorothea ,townshend 7,duckworth74 #d ,see the ,lismore ,papers 7referred to throughout as ,l4 ,p471 edited by the late ,rev4 ,alexander ,b4 ,grosart1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 from the original ,,mss4 belonging to the ,duke of ,devonshire1 and preserved in ,lismore ,castle 7#aj vols474 #e ,corpus ,christi4 #f ,froude's ,history1 vol4 vii4 7#aefb74 #g ,ibid4 #h ,edmund ,spenser's ,view of the ,present ,state of ,ireland4 #i ,then worth about five times as much4 #aj ,spenser's ,view of the ,present ,state of ,ireland4 #aa ,true ,remembrances4 #ab ,true ,remembrances4 #ac ,life of the ,earl of ,cork in the ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 v4 #ad ,equal to about #ejjj now4 #ae ,true ,remembrances4 #af ,philaretus4 #ag ,l4 ,p41 first series1 vol4 i4 #ah ,philaretus4 #ai ,aubrey's ,account4 #bj ,oliver ,st4 ,john1 ,high ,treasurer for ,ireland4 #ba ,this celebrated tavern1 8haunted by roysterers and famous for its wine0 in ,ben ,jonson's day1 and dating back into the #aeth century1 was in ,new ,fish ,street 7,cunningham's ,london74 ,croone must have moved into 8new and enlarged premises10 for he will be found in #afda at the ,nag's ,head ,tavern1 in ,cheapside4 #bb ,see ,evelyn's ,diary and ,pepys's ,diary4 #bc ,abbott4 #bd ,loftus1 ,earl of ,ely4 ,he and ,sir ,adam ,loftus of ,rathfarnham were cousins4 #be ,falkland4 #bf ,the ,earl's house is mentioned as 8my ,lord ,caulfield's40 #bg ,in succession to ,lord ,grandison1 whose house in ,channell ,row the ,earl had rented4 #bh ,she was buried with her mother in the tomb in ,st4 ,patrick's4 #bi ,life of ,milton1 by ,david ,masson4 #cj ,mall4 #ca ,ireland under the ,stuarts1 vol i4 #cb ,bulkeley and ,usher4 #cc ,charles ,i to ,lord ,deputy1 #afcd4 ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 iii4 #cd ,though1 in his ,philaretus1 he dates it a little earlier4 ,it is1 however1 evidently the same that is recorded in the ,earl's ,diary under the date ,dec4 #ag1 #afcd4 #ce ,philaretus4 #cf ,philaretus4 #cg ,see ,l4 ,p41 second series1 ,carew's letters from ,eton to ,earl of ,cork4 #ch ,they were 8commensals0 at the second table4 ,see ,lyte's ,history of ,eton4 #ci ,see the masterly biography of ,wotton in the ,dictionary of ,national ,biography4 ,also ,izaak ,walton's ,life of ,wotton1 and ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 i4 #dj ,see his lines on 8,his ,mistress1 the ,queen of ,bohemia10 ,percy ,society ,publications1 vol4 vi4 #da ,see ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 i4 p4 #eca4 #db ,evelyn's ,diary4 #dc ,was 8,irish0 part of the ,eton curriculum in #afce8 #dd ,l4 ,p41 second series1 ,carew's letters to the ,earl4 #de ,philaretus4 #df ,ibid4 #dg ,philaretus4 #dh ,l4 ,p41 second series1 ,carew's letters to ,earl4 #di ,see ,a ,poem written by ,sir ,henry ,wotton in his ,youth1 ,percy ,society ,publications1 vol4 vi4 #ej ,masson's ,life of ,milton1 vol4 i4 p4 #ffe4 #ea ,ibid4 #eb ,it was payable in three instalments1 the third to be paid on ,midsummer ,day #afch4 #ec ,compare ,prospero in ,the ,tempest3 8,to my poor cell04 #ed ,l4 ,p41 first series1 vol4 v4 #ee ,l4 ,p41 first series1 vol4 v4 #ef ,lady ,warwick's ,autobiography 7,percy ,society74 #eg ,variously explained as being the arbutus1 and espalier apples4 #eh ,george ,goring was now ,governor of ,portsmouth4 ,he had been wounded in the leg at the siege of ,breda1 had been going about ,london on crutches1 and was still lame4 #ei ,he died1 after a long illness1 in ,december #afci4 ,see his ,hymn1 written 8in a night of my late sickness0 7,percy ,society1 vol4 vi474 #fj ,see ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 i4 #fa ,philaretus4 #fb ,see ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 ii43 ,first and second ,bishops' ,wars4 #fc ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 iv43 ,letter from ,lord ,barrymore to the ,earl of ,cork1 #afci4 #fd ,pepys's ,diary1 ,sept4 #bh1 #affh4 #fe ,verney ,memoirs1 vol4 i4 #ff ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 v4 #fg ,verney ,memoirs1 vol4 i4 #fh ,afterwards ,earl of ,clanbrassil4 #fi ,son of ,sir ,george ,carew1 ,earl of ,totness4 #gj ,philaretus4 #ga ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 iv4 #gb ,philaretus4 #gc ,philaretus4 #gd ,countess of ,warwick's ,autobiography 7,percy ,society74 #ge ,broghill and ,kynalmeaky had boarded with the celebrated ,dr4 ,diodati1 at the ,villa ,diodati1 outside ,geneva4 #gf ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 iv4 #gg ,philaretus4 #gh ,philaretus4 #gi ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 iv4 #hj ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 iv4 #ha ,philaretus4 #hb ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 iv4 #hc ,lady ,dungarvan's mother was a ,cecil4 #hd ,earl's letter quoted in ,collins' ,peerage4 #he ,autobiography of the ,countess of ,warwick 7,percy ,society74 #hf ,philaretus4 #hg ,philaretus4 #hh ,st4 ,bernard4 #hi ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 iv4 #ij ,it was the ,earl of ,leicester4 #ia ,birch's 8,life of ,boyle10 in ,boyle's ,works1 vol4 i4 #ib ,ibid4 #ic ,philaretus4 #id ,l4 ,p41 first series1 vol4 v4 #ie ,see ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 ii4 #if ,l4 ,p41 first series1 vol4 v4 #ig ,l4 ,p41 first series1 vol4 v4 ,daubigne's ,dunbar's4 ,lady ,suffolk was daughter and heiress of the ,earl of ,dunbar4 #ih ,suckling died in #afda4 #ii ,morrice's account of her in his 8,life of the ,earl of ,orrery10 prefixed to the ,orrery ,state ,papers4 #ajj ,boyle to ,lady ,orrery3 ,birch1 vol4 i4 #aja ,countess of ,warwick's ,autobiography4 #ajb ,countess of ,warwick's ,autobiography 7,percy ,society74 #ajc ,l4 ,p41 first series1 vol4 v4 #ajd ,st4 ,leger4 #aje ,l4 ,p41 first and second series1 vol4 v4 ,for a masterly account of the ,rebellion of #afda1 read ,bagwell's ,ireland under the ,stuarts4 #ajf ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 v4 #ajg ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 v4 #ajh ,lord ,barrymore died on ,sept4 #bi4 ,it was thought he had been wounded at ,liscarrol4 #aji ,l4 ,p41 first series1 vol4 v4 #aaj ,she died in ,england in ,july #afdc4 #aaa ,see ,mrs4 ,townshend's ,life of the ,great ,earl of ,cork4 #aab ,usual4 #aac ,letter to ,kynalmeaky1 ,l4 ,p41 second series1 vol4 v4 ,the original letter in the ,lismore ,papers is much mutilated 78apparently mice-eaten074 7,grosart47 #aad ,evelyn's ,diary for #afdf4 #aae ,evelyn's ,diary for #afdf4 ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 iii4 #aaf ,evelyn's ,diary in #afdf4 #aag ,february #afdd4 #aah ,milton's ,latin letter to ,dick ,jones4 ,see ,masson's ,milton4 #aai ,cunningham's ,london2 ,pall ,mall4 ,account of ,lord ,broghill's visit to ,lady ,ranelagh 7,morrice ,budgell74 #abj ,catherine1 m4 7#a7 ,sir ,william ,parsons1 7#b7 ,hugh1 ,lord ,mount-,alexander2 ,elizabeth1 m4 ,mr4 ,melster2 ,frances1 d4 unm42 ,richard1 #bnd ,visc4 ,ranelagh4 #aba ,identity not known4 #abb ,countess of ,warwick's ,autobiography4 #abc ,ibid4 #abd ,robert ,boyle3 ,philaretus4 #abe ,robert ,boyle's ,letter to ,mr4 ,tallents3 ,birch's ,life4 #abf ,lord ,broghill1 who was ,governor of ,youghal1 returned to ,england in #afde 7bringing with him his wife and ,lady ,barrymore and young ,lord ,barrymore7 to obtain further assistance of ,english troops4 ,see ,bagwell's ,history of ,ireland under the ,stuarts1 vol4 ii4 #abg ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 iii4 p4 #cch4 #abh ,sir ,william ,wray1 member of ,house of ,commons in ,long ,parliament4 #abi ,tutor in ,geneva to the little ,lord ,carnarvon4 #acj ,see ,autobiography of ,anne1 ,lady ,halkett 7,camden ,society74 #aca ,birch's ,life1 vol4 vi4 p4 #ecd4 #acb ,letter to ,lady ,ranelagh1 ,march #afdf3 ,birch's ,life4 #acc ,broghill seems to have been more anxious to avoid them than ,robert ,boyle himself4 8,strange that so well-armed an head should be fearful60 says ,robert ,boyle in his letter to ,lady ,ranelagh4 #acd ,there is a little touch of sarcasm in this letter1 which may well be a sly thrust at ,lord ,howard of ,escrick1 in his place among the ,divines1 as a lay elder of the ,westminster ,assembly4 ,at ,winchester the little party were 8as nicely catechised concerning our ways as if we were to be elected in the number of the new lay elders40 ,lord ,edward ,howard's subsequent career--his expulsion from the ,house for receiving bribes1 and his betrayal of ,lord ,russell and ,algernon ,sidney1 are matters of history4 #ace ,the ,committee of the ,two ,kingdoms1 very active after the organisation of the ,new ,model4 ,it sat in1 and issued its orders from1 ,derby ,house1 ,cannon ,row1 ,westminster4 #acf ,letter to ,lady ,ranelagh1 ,march #afdf3 ,birch's ,life4 #acg ,early letter1 undated1 ,birch1 vol4 vi4 #ach ,it was ,essex who had spoken the words that sealed ,strafford's doom3 8,stone dead hath no fellow40 #aci ,inchiquin and ,broghill had both declared for the ,parliament4 #adj ,bringing1 it will be remembered1 ,lady ,pegg1 ,lady ,barrymore1 and young ,lord ,barrymore home with him4 ,young ,barrymore must have gone straight to ,milton in the ,barbican4 #ada ,usher4 #adb ,augustine4 #adc ,in due time ,lord ,broghill was to send his own sons to ,marcombes in ,geneva4 ,the old governour was much gratified at having a batch of the second generation of the ,boyle family put under his charge4 #add ,david ,masson's ,milton1 iii4 #ffb4 #ade ,fellow of ,magdalene ,college1 ,cambridge1 and former tutor to ,lady ,pegg's brothers4 #adf ,letter to ,john ,durie about a ,union of the ,churches1 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works4 #adg ,to ,lady ,ranelagh3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #adh ,robert ,boyle to ,hartlib1 ,may #afdg3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #adi 8,marginal ,note0 in ,occasional ,reflections1 ,section ,,ii1 ed4 #affe1 p4 #ahg4 #aej ,not published till after his death4 #aea ,after lying many years in manuscript they were published at her entreaty--dedicated to her--after the ,restoration4 #aeb ,occasional ,reflections1 ed4 #affe1 pp4 #bde1 #afa4 #aec ,ibid4 p4 #bef3 ,upon my ,spaniel's fetching me my glove4 #aed ,written after #afdh4 #aee ,see p4 #aid4 ,lindamor1 the scholarly youth1 well born and well bred1 seems often in his writings to represent ,boyle himself4 ,the direct reference to 8,mr4 ,boyle0 is a favourite device of the author4 ,swift has satirised the ,reflections in his 8,occasional ,meditations on a ,broomstick10 but he has not acknowledged 8,the ,eating of ,oysters0 as the inspiration of his ,gulliver's ,travels4 #aef ,for historical accounts see ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 iii1 and ,bagwell's ,ireland under the ,stuarts1 vol4 ii4 #aeg ,it was ,anne ,murray1 the girl-friend of 8,my ,robyn's yonge ,mrs410 who was entrusted with the dressing-up of the young ,prince4 ,see ,diary of ,anne1 ,lady ,halkett 7,camden ,society7 for pretty description of the dressing-up1 and the 8,wood ,street cake0 given to the boy at parting4 #aeh ,robert ,boyle's letter to ,mrs4 ,hussey3 ,birch's ,life4 #aei ,letter to ,mrs4 ,hussey4 #afj ,sentiment4 #afa ,vide ,robert ,boyle's ,reflections written in that month3 8,upon the prodigiously wet weather which happened the summer that ,colchester was besieged 7#afdh740 #afb ,ibid4 #afc ,the family seem to have had their town house in ,soho1 and were 8distinguished parishioners0 of ,st4 ,giles in the ,fields 7see ,cunningham's ,london74 ,the ,earl1 when he died in #affa1 left property in ,long ,acre and ,st4 ,martin's ,lane1 etc4 #afd ,he died of smallpox1 #afdi1 and was buried in the ,savoy4 #afe ,afterwards ,earl of ,clanbrassil4 #aff ,evelyn's letter to ,dr4 ,wotton about ,robert ,boyle4 #afg ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 iii4 #afh ,letter to ,lady ,ranelagh1 ,august #afdi3 ,birch's ,ed4 of ,works1 vol4 vi4 #afi ,compare ,budgell's and ,morrice's accounts4 #agj ,bagwell's ,ireland under the ,stuarts4 #aga ,robert ,boyle's letter3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #agb ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #agc ,this wife died young4 ,the second wife was a daughter of ,henry ,lawrence1 presumably a sister of young ,barrymore's friend and fellow-pupil at ,milton's house in the ,barbican4 #agd ,broghill's letter to ,lenthall1 quoted by ,bagwell4 ,for the whole account of ,broghill's part in the war1 see ,bagwell's ,ireland under the ,stuarts4 #age ,charles ,,ii was then at ,breda1 and so were the ,scottish ,commissioners4 ,montrose was executed in ,edinburgh on ,may #bast1 #afej1 and the ,treaty of ,breda had been signed on ,may #crd1 pledging ,charles to uphold the ,covenant2 but at this very time he was still using the ,service ,book1 and ,breda itself was the gay scene of nightly 8balling and dancing40 #agf ,cary4 #agg ,philaretus4 #agh ,the heroine of ,seraphick ,love4 #agi ,robert ,boyle's brother ,francis was his heir presumptive4 #ahj ,this may have been young ,lord ,barrymore's second wife1 daughter of ,henry ,lawrence4 #aha ,philaretus4 #ahb ,colonel ,lawrence's account1 quoted by ,bagwell4 #ahc ,chalked up on the door of the ,house of ,commons4 #ahd ,bagwell4 #ahe ,some ,worthies of the ,irish ,churches1 by ,g4 ,t4 ,stokes1 ,d4,d41 ed4 by ,dr4 ,lawlor1 p4 #gd4 #ahf ,birch's ,life4 #ahg ,letter from ,hartlib to ,boyle2 ,birch's ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #ahh ,the ,encnia4 #ahi ,the ,sheldonian was not then in existence4 #aij ,kendal4 #aia ,afterwards ,bishop of ,lincoln4 #aib ,cp4 ,evelyn's ,diary1 ,august #f1 #afeg3 8,i went to see ,col4 ,blount1 who shewed me the application of a way-wiser to a coach1 exactly measuring the miles and shewing them by an index as we went on 444 very pretty and useful40 #aic ,birch's ,life4 ,lady ,ranelagh's letter is dated merely 8,oct4 #ab40 ,it must have been written in ,october #afec1 after ,boyle was back in ,ireland1 or so late as #afed1 before ,boyle left ,ireland for good4 #aid ,birch's ,life4 #aie ,evelyn's letter to ,dr4 ,wotton1 #agjc4 #aif ,birch's ,life4 #aig ,boyle's ,occasional ,reflections were not published till #affe1 but it is probable they were well known in manuscript4 #aih ,bishop of ,lincoln1 after the ,restoration4 #aii ,robert ,boyle to ,lord ,broghill3 ,birch's ,life2 afterwards used as ,epistle ,dedicatory to the ,considerations on the ,style of the ,scriptures4 #bjj ,birch's ,life4 #bja ,of ,freshwater1 in the ,isle of ,wight4 #bjb ,boyle's ,law1 confirmed by ,mariotte in #afgf3 8,the volume of any given sample of a gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure40 #bjc ,hooke's ,law1 #afgf3 ,ut tensio1 sic vis2 8,strain is proportional to stress40 #bjd ,published ,oxford1 #affj4 #bje ,birch's ,life4 #bjf ,attacked by ,hobbes and ,franciscus ,linus2 #bnd ed4 ,london1 #affb2 #crd ed4 ,london1 #afhb4 #bjg ,oh ,morning ,star6 give back the ,day2 ,why dost thou delay our joys8 ,oh ,morning ,star6 give back the ,day6 #bjh ,an ,essay towards a ,real ,character and a ,philosophical ,language1 published in folio1 #affh4 7,the ,,ms4 was lost in the ,fire of ,london47 #bji ,birch's ed4 ,works4 #baj ,boyle's ,law is not strictly applicable1 if all modern refinements of experiment are used1 to any gases except an 8ideal0 gas2 but for all practical purposes it is exact1 because the corrections to it are only minute additions1 and not alterations4 #baa ,professor ,sir ,william ,ramsay1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,f4,r4,s41 etc41 in his ,presidential ,address to the ,british ,association for the ,advancement of ,science1 ,portsmouth1 #aiaa4 #bab ,autobiography of the ,countess of ,warwick 7,percy ,society74 #bac ,autobiography4 #bad ,lady ,ranelagh to ,robert ,boyle1 ,birch's ed4 ,works4 #bae ,autobiography of the ,countess of ,warwick4 #baf ,edward ,phillips's account4 #bag ,richard ,jones was not at any college4 #bah ,peter du ,moulin1 ,royalist and ,episcopalian1 had been private tutor to the second ,earl of ,cork's family in ,ireland4 ,he translated the ,devil of ,mascon1 a ,french story of authenticated spirit-rapping1 published in #afeh1 with an introductory letter by ,robert ,boyle1 to whom it was dedicated2 and in #afgj du ,moulin dedicated a volume of ,latin poems to ,boyle4 ,he was the author of the ,regii ,sanguinis ,clamor4 ,his brother1 on the other hand--,lewis du ,moulin1 ,doctor of ,physic--was a ,parliamentarian and ,independent1 and1 after the ,visitation1 was ,camden ,professor of ,history at ,oxford4 #bai ,name given by ,boyle to that 8hopeful young gentleman10 ,mr4 ,richard ,jones1 to whom ,boyle addressed his ,physiological ,essays1 etc4 #bbj ,passport granted in ,september #afef4 ,see ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 v4 ,her eldest daughter1 ,catherine1 was possibly then already married and already in ,ireland4 ,she married 7#a7 ,sir ,william ,parsons1 7#b7 ,lord ,mount-,alexander4 ,the two other daughters1 ,elizabeth and ,frances1 were with their mother 7see later74 #bba ,milton's letters to ,mr4 ,richard ,jones4 ,see ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 v4 #bbb ,evelyn's letter to ,wotton1 #agjc4 #bbc ,mrs4 ,evelyn was the daughter of ,sir ,richard ,browne1 ,english ,ambassador at ,paris1 where ,evelyn married her4 #bbd ,see later4 ,evelyn's ,diary and letters4 #bbe ,we still say 8you and yours10 though not 8yours0 alone4 #bbf ,david ,masson4 ,life of ,milton1 vol4 v1 p4 #ceh4 #bbg ,lord ,ranelagh4 #bbh ,letter to ,lord ,broghill1 ,thurloe's ,state ,papers4 #bbi ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #bcj ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #bca 8,virile government0 was apparently assailed in #afei as it is to-day4 #bcb ,there were nine editions between #affj and #agjh1 and it was translated into ,latin4 #bcc ,evelyn's ,diary1 ,may #e1 and ,may #be1 #afei4 #bcd ,he was one of the chief of the 8,dynastic0 or 8,court0 ,cromwellians1 in opposition to the 8,army0 ,cromwellians4 #bce ,morrice2 but ,pepys mentions 8,mr4 ,boyle0 receiving a passport on ,april #aa1 and on board ,montagu's ship1 where he was treated as 8a person of honour10 on ,april #bj4 #bcf ,evelyn4 #bcg ,see ,pepys's graphic account of the crossing of ,charles ,,ii from ,the ,hague1 and ,evelyn's account of his reception in ,london4 #bch ,petty's invention of a 8double-bottomed boat10 which made a great talk at the time4 #bci ,discourses ,useful for the ,vain ,modish ,ladies and their ,gallants4 #afif4 #bdj ,charlotte ,jemima ,henrietta-,maria ,boyle1 who married a ,howard 7nephew of ,lord ,broghill's wife74 ,their child1 8,stuarta ,howard10 died unmarried4 #bda ,evelyn's ,diary1 ,october #ae1 #affd4 ,the first house1 built by ,sir ,john ,denham1 to be succeeded by the later house 7,cunningham's ,london74 #bdb ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #bdc ,life of ,edward ,mountagu1 ,k4,g41 ,first ,earl of ,sandwich1 by ,f4 ,r4 ,harris1 vol4 ii4 p4 #agi4 #bdd 8,lyttle ,francke0 m4 7#a7 ,colonel ,courtenay1 and 7#b7 ,wentworth ,dillon1 ,earl of ,roscommon4 ,there were several daughters1 and it was the fourth daughter who married ,lord ,hinchinbroke4 ,the fifth daughter married ,laurence ,hyde1 son of the ,earl of ,clarendon2 and the third daughter became ,lady ,thanet1 the 8virtuosa10 who used to speak much of her uncle ,robert ,boyle1 vide ,evelyn's letter to ,wotton4 #bde ,diary1 #affh4 #bdf ,philaretus4 #bdg ,letter to ,hooke in #afhj1 when ,boyle declined to be ,president of the ,royal ,society 7see later74 #bdh ,diary1 ,november #bf1 #affa4 #bdi 8,ianthe0 was the name given to ,mrs4 ,mary ,saunderson1 after her part in ,davenant's ,siege of ,rhodes4 ,she married ,betterton and lived till #agab1 having in her time played almost all ,shakespeare's great female characters--8,nell0 is1 of course1 ,nell ,gwynne4 #bej ,september #g1 #affj 7two days after ,broghill had been created ,earl of ,orrery74 #bea ,march #i1 #affa 7five weeks after the bodies of ,cromwell1 ,ireton1 and ,bradshaw had been exhumed and hanged at ,tyburn74 #beb ,robert ,boyle's nephew1 young ,lord ,barrymore1 had lost his first wife1 ,susan ,killigrew1 and married again in #afef1 8,martha1 daughter of ,henry ,lawrence1 ,esq410 presumably a daughter of the ,president and sister of his friend and fellow-pupil in the ,barbican4 #bec ,quoted from ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 vi4 p4 #he4 #bed ,pepys's ,diary1 ,october #ac1 #affj4 #bee ,october #ac1 #ad1 and #ag1 #affj4 #bef ,evelyn's ,diary4 #beg ,part of the ,church of the ,old ,priory of ,st4 ,bartholomew4 #beh ,john ,goodwin1 author of the ,regicide pamphlet1 ,the ,obstructors of ,justice4 #bei ,masson's ,milton1 vol4 vi4 pp4 #ahd-e4 #bfj ,afterwards ,earl of ,anglesey4 #bfa ,george ,goring1 ,lettice's unkind husband1 was dead4 ,he was last seen in #afeg1 in ,madrid1 ill and destitute1--disguised1 it is said1 in the habit of a ,dominican ,friar4 #bfb ,the old brick-and-timber house with its piazzas and 8green court10 called after the founder1 ,sir ,thomas ,gresham1 whose dwelling-house it was 7#aeig74 #bfc ,see previous mentions from diary of ,earl of ,cork1 and ,king's ,head ,tavern in ,cunningham's ,london4 #bfd ,see the ,record of the ,royal ,society of ,london1 third edition1 #aiab 7,printed for the ,royal ,society74 #bfe ,oldenburg to ,boyle1 ,june #affc 7,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vi474 #bff ,who preached the celebrated sermon that lasted three-and-a-half hours1 and then said he felt tired from standing so long4 #bfg ,sprat's ,history of the ,royal ,society of ,london1 #affg4 #bfh ,evelyn's ,diary1 ,may #affa4 #bfi ,dr4 ,wilkins and ,oldenburg were ,joint-,secretaries1 but ,oldenburg did all the work4 #bgj ,still in constant use4 #bga ,by which the ,society is still governed4 #bgb ,evelyn's ,diary1 ,november #cj1 #affc4 #bgc ,pepys's ,diary1 ,november #cj1 #affh4 #bgd ,record of the ,royal ,society of ,london1 #aiab4 #bge ,london1 #affa4 #bgf ,oxford1 #affa4 #bgg ,dr4 ,saunderson4 ,it is to be remembered that ,lord ,broghill1 as one of the ,lords ,justices1 had the drawing up of the ,act of ,settlement1 and that the ,boyle family were already great ,irish landowners1 and with hereditary claims on the country for personal service and sacrifice in the ,protestant and ,royalist cause4 #bgh ,boyle to the ,bishop of ,cork1 ,may #bg1 #affb3 ,birch1 vi4 #bgi ,now among the relics of the ,royal ,society at ,burlington ,house4 #bhj ,evelyn's ,diary1 ,may #g1 #affb4 #bha ,evelyn speaks of ,mr4 ,povy's 8well contrived cellar and other elegancies10 and again of his 8pretty cellar and the ranging of his wine-bottles40 #bhb ,oldenburg to ,boyle3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #bhc ,sorbire1 ,relation d'un voyage en ,angleterre1 #affd4 ,oldenburg's correspondents in various countries4 #bhd ,butler's ,the ,elephant in the ,moon4 #bhe ,an ,examen of ,mr4 ,hobbes' ,dialogus ,physicus de ,natur ris4 #bhf ,daubigney ,turberville1 of ,oriel ,college3 ,m4,d4 ,oxford1 #affj1 the well-known oculist1 who1 at ,boyle's suggestion1 later practised in ,london 7see ,pepys's ,diary74 #bhg ,evelyn's ,diary1 ,october #bd1 #affd4 #bhh ,oldenburg to ,boyle3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #bhi ,evelyn1 ,january #affe4 #bij ,the boat foundered in the ,bay of ,biscay1 and ,petty was censured for 8rashness10 but he persisted in believing in his invention4 ,see ,evelyn1 ,march #bb1 #afge4 ,petty's invention is one of the relics of the ,royal ,society in ,burlington ,house4 #bia ,pepys1 ,december #ag1 #affd4 #bib ,pepys1 ,march #a1 #affe4 #bic ,pepys1 ,february #ae1 #affe4 #bid ,memoirs of the ,comte de ,grammont4 #bie ,the great victory over the ,dutch1 ,june #c1 #affe4 ,lord ,burlington's second son1 ,mr4 ,richard ,boyle1 was killed on the ,royal ,charles4 #bif ,see ,evelyn and ,pepys for #affe-f4 #big ,autobiography of the ,countess of ,warwick 7,percy ,society74 #bih ,hooke to ,boyle3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #bii ,from ,hampton ,court to ,salisbury1 and then to ,oxford4 #cjj ,nonsuch was selected for the offices of the ,exchequer1 and they seem to have gone to ,durdans1 ,lord ,berkeley's house near ,epsom4 #cja ,lady ,ranelagh to ,mr4 ,boyle3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #cjb ,boyle's niece1 ,lord ,burlington's daughter4 #cjc ,lady ,ranelagh to ,boyle1 ,september #i1 #affe3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #cjd ,the poet ,waller's house1 ,hall ,barn1 ,beaconsfield4 #cje ,lady ,anglesey's house1 near ,epping4 #cjf ,f4,r4,s41 ,president of the ,royal ,college of ,physicians4 #cjg ,oldenburg to ,boyle3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #cjh ,oldenburg to ,boyle3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #cji ,lady ,ranelagh to ,boyle3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #caj ,evelyn's ,diary1 and ,letter to ,sir ,samuel ,tuke4 #caa ,the model is preserved in ,all ,souls' ,college1 ,oxford4 #cab ,j4 ,r4 ,green1 writing in #ahhb3 ,history of the ,english ,people1 vol4 iii4 p4 #chb4 #cac ,near ,windsor4 #cad ,evelyn's ,diary4 #cae ,lady ,ranelagh to ,robert ,boyle3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vol4 vi4 #caf ,evelyn3 ,january #i1 #affg4 #cag ,diary1 ,june #be1 #affg4 #cah ,which he called 8,philosophical ,commerce40 #cai ,morrice3 ,earl of ,orrery's ,state ,papers4 ,evelyn1 ,pepys1 ,oldenburg to ,boyle 7,birch72 ,green's ,history2 ,masson's ,milton4 #cbj ,morrice4 #cba ,the pious royalist1 ,dr4 ,john ,fell1 who himself preached in blank verse1 and was perhaps not a disciplinarian4 #cbb ,wallis to ,boyle1 #affi3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vi4 #cbc ,waller1 #affa4 #cbd ,lady ,ranelagh to ,boyle3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vi4 #cbe ,see account in ,cunningham's ,london4 #cbf ,evelyn's ,diary1 ,may #afga4 #cbg ,evelyn to ,wotton4 #cbh ,about #dj a year1 which would mean about #adj now4 #cbi ,evelyn's ,diary4 #ccj ,lady ,ranelagh to ,boyle3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vi4 #cca ,now a great man1 not only in the ,society of which he had so long been ,curator4 ,he had blossomed out as an architect1 and had achieved ,montague ,house1 afterwards the ,british ,museum4 #ccb ,afterwards ,archbishop of ,armagh4 #ccc ,letters of ,marsh to ,boyle3 ,birch's ,ed4 ,works1 vi4 ,bedell's ,life1 by ,t4 ,wharton ,jones1 ,f4,r4,s4 7,camden ,society74 ,some ,worthies of the ,irish ,church1 by ,g4 ,t4 ,stokes1 ,d4,d41 ed4 by ,h4 ,f4 ,lawlor1 ,d4,d4 ,appendix to ,boyle's ,life3 ,birch1 vol4 i4 #ccd ,evelyn1 ,january #afhd4 #cce ,the second part appeared after his death4 #ccf ,transactions1 #afib4 #ccg ,j4 ,r4 ,green's ,history of the ,english ,people1 vol4 iv4 #cch ,j4 ,r4 ,green's ,history of the ,english ,people1 vol4 iv4 #cci ,see ,burnet's ,sermon1 preached at the funeral of ,robert ,boyle1 and ,birch's ,life4 #cdj ,evelyn1 ,oct4 #cj1 #afhh4 #cda ,ranelagh ,house1 afterwards sold and turned into the famous ,ranelagh ,gardens4 #cdb ,left to his daughter in his will4 #cdc ,evelyn to ,wotton4 #cdd ,ibid4 #cde ,birch's ,life4 #cdf ,boyle dictated a good deal to ,burnet1 and the use of the ,scottish word 8forenoon0 suggests that ,burnet assisted in the drawing up of this announcement4 ,evelyn1 the ,englishman1 uses the word 8morning40 #cdg ,evelyn to ,wotton4 #cdh ,ibid4 #cdi ,evelyn to ,wotton4 #cej ,birch's ,life4 #cea ,where1 also1 ,nell ,gwynne had been buried in #afhg4 #ceb ,eccles4 ii4 #bf4 ,the sermon was published and may be read4 #cec ,among these was one to found and endow in perpetuity the ,boyle ,lectures--a course of eight lectures1 which are still delivered yearly--8,in ,defence of ,christianity40 ,,index ,abbot1 ,george1 ,archbishop of ,canterbury1 #bb ,act of ,oblivion4 ,see ,indemnity ,bill ,air1 the ,spring and ,weight of the1 #ahi1 #bjb1 #bdh1 #bhh ,aix1 #ii ,albemarle1 ,george ,monk1 ,duke of1 #bbd1 #bcb1 #bcg1 #bfi1 #bgj ,aldersgate ,street1 #abh1 #acj1 #acc ,aldgate1 #abh1 #acc ,all ,souls' ,college1 ,oxford1 #aii1 #bed ,amadis de ,gaule1 #fg1 #fh ,amoretti1 ,spenser's1 #g ,anglesey1 ,arthur ,annesley1 #ast ,earl of1 #bci 1 ,lady1 #bfb note ,annarye1 #aab ,antibes1 #ajf ,apple-,tree ,yard1 #bhf ,apsley1 ,joan1 #g1 #aa 1 ,william1 #g ,arcadia1 the ,french1 #hg ,arcadia1 ,sir ,philip ,sidney's1 #fa1 #gf ,argyle1 ,archibald ,campbell1 #hth ,earl of1 #afj ,arlington1 ,henry ,bennet1 #ast ,earl of1 #bgd1 #bgh ,armagh1 #adg ,arminianism1 #de ,arminius1 #dd ,armstrong1 ,archie1 #eg ,army ,remonstrance1 ,the1 #afg ,arno1 the1 #ajf ,art of ,war1 ,the1 #bhj1 #bie ,artillery ,walk1 #bdj ,arundel1 ,earl of1 #bb ,house1 #bgb1 #bgc1 #bid ,ashmole1 ,elias1 #bdb ,astrea1 #hg ,athlone ,castle1 #be1 #ca1 #ch1 #ge1 #cjb ,aubrey1 ,john1 #bdb ,audley ,end1 #bfb ,augsburg1 #dd1 #ff ,auvergne1 #eg ,bacon1 ,anthony1 #i 1 ,francis1 ,lord1 #dd1 #fg ,badnedge1 ,mr4 ,thomas1 #ci1 #dj1 #da ,baillie1 ,robert1 #bab ,ball1 ,william1 #bda ,balliol ,college1 ,oxford1 #aij ,bandon1 #aga ,bandonbridge1 #aad ,barbican1 #acj1 #adf note1 #afa1 #agb and note1 #bcd ,barebones ,parliament1 #ahb ,barlow1 ,dr41 #aia1 #aii and note1 #bjj ,barrow1 ,dr4 ,isaac1 #bdc and note1 #bhf ,barrymore1 ,alice ,boyle1 ,countess of1 #ac1 #ae1 #bc1 #bd1 #cg1 #fj1 #fc1 #gd1 #ha1 #hc1 #ib1 #aaa1 #ace1 #adf note1 #agb 1 ,david ,barry1 #ast ,earl of1 #ae1 #bd1 #bf1 #cf1 #cg1 #fj1 #fc1 #fd1 #ga1 #gb1 #gh1 #hh1 #ajg1 #aaa1 #aac1 #aai1 #abj and note 1 ,richard1 #bnd ,earl of1 #acj1 #ace1 #adf note1 #afa1 #agb and note1 #baj1 #bcd1 #bce and note 1 ,susan ,killigrew1 first wife of #bnd ,earl1 #agb and note1 #bce and note 1 ,martha ,lawrence1 second wife of #bnd ,earl1 #bce and note ,bartholomew ,close1 #bcg ,basinghall ,street1 #bdj ,bates1 ,dr41 #bjh ,bath1 #fc1 #gg1 #gh1 #acc1 #ace1 #afh1 #afi ,bathurst1 ,dr41 #bdb ,beaconsfield1 #bjb1 #bfb and note ,beale1 ,dr4 ,john1 #bec ,beaumont1 ,lady1 #af1 #ba 1 ,sapcott1 #af1 #ba1 #be1 #ge ,bede1 the ,venerable1 #aia ,bedell1 ,bishop1 #acj ,bedford1 ,francis ,russell1 #dth ,earl of1 #bj ,ben ,jonson1 #h ,bennet ,college1 ,cambridge 7,corpus ,christi71 #c ,bergamo1 #ajc ,berkeley1 ,lord1 #bfj note ,berwick1 #gg ,betterton1 ,thomas1 #bca1 #bcb and note ,beza1 #dd1 #hh1 #abd 8,black ,pots10 #df ,black ,prince1 ,the1 #bgg ,blackwater1 the1 #cf ,blount1 ,colonel1 #bad ,bodleian ,library1 the1 #ahg1 #aia1 #aii1 #bjj ,bohemia1 ,queen of1 #dd ,bologna1 #ajc ,bond ,street1 #bhg ,booker's ,almanack1 #bgj ,boyle1 ,alice4 ,see ,barrymore1 ,countess of 1 ,anne4 ,see ,hinchinbroke1 ,lady 1 ,charles1 e4s4 of ,earl of ,burlington1 #ic1 #bjb 1 ,charlotte ,jemima ,henrietta-,maria1 #bgg note 1 ,dorothy4 ,see ,loftus 1 ,elizabeth4 ,see ,spenser 1 ,frances1 e4d4 of ,earl of ,burlington1 #fb1 #ib1 #bbi note 1 ,francis4 ,see ,shannon1 ,viscount 1 ,geoffrey1 #ac1 #af 1 ,henrietta4 ,see ,hyde 1 ,james of ,hereford1 #g 1 ,joan4 ,see ,kildare1 ,countess of 1 ,john1 ,bishop of ,cork1 #ab1 #ac1 #bj 1 ,katherine4 ,see ,ranelagh1 ,viscountess 1 ,lettice4 ,see ,goring 1 ,lewis4 ,see ,kynalmeaky1 ,lord 1 ,margaret1 #bb1 #bd1 #be1 #bf1 #ca1 #cf1 #ei1 #fj 1 ,mary4 ,see ,warwick1 ,countess of 1 ,richard4 ,see ,cork1 #ast ,earl of1 8,the great ,earl0 1 ,richard1 ,lord ,dungarvan1 #bnd ,earl of ,cork1 and ,earl of ,burlington4 ,see ,burlington1 ,earl of 1 ,richard1 son of ,earl of ,burlington1 #beh note ,boyle1 ,robert3 ,birth and infancy1 #a1 #b1 #ab1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 #bd2 in ,dublin1 #be1 #cc2 at ,lismore1 #ce-ci2 at ,eton1 #dj-ed1 #eh1 #ei1 #fe1 #ff1 #fg2 at ,stalbridge1 #fh1 #fi1 #gj1 #gb2 at the ,house of the ,savoy1 #gi-hd2 goes abroad1 #he-hh2 in ,geneva1 #hh-ib1 #if1 #ig1 #ii2 in ,italy1 #ajj-ajg2 after the debacle1 #aag1 #abj2 in ,england again1 #abb-aci2 at the ,manor of ,stalbridge1 laboratory and literary work1 the ,invisible ,college1 ill health1 #adj-aeh2 visits to ,london1 ,moore ,park and ,leeze1 #aei-aff2 at ,stalbridge again1 #afg-afi2 8the ,thing called ,love10 #aga-aha2 visits ,ireland1 #aha-ahh2 one of the ,learned ,junto at ,oxford1 #ahi-bje1 #bab1 #bac1 #bad1 #bae1 #bag1 #bbj1 #bbc2 after the ,restoration1 #bcj-bcf1 #bci2 one of the founders of the ,royal ,society1 #bdj-bde2 science and politics in ,london and ,oxford1 #bdf-beg2 during the ,plague and the ,fire1 #bfj-bff1 #bfh2 ,oxford and ,london1 #bga1 #bgd1 #bgg1 #bgi1 #bhj2 leaves ,oxford and settles in ,pall ,mall1 #bha-bhh2 paralytic seizure1 #bij1 #bia1 #bib2 a series of publications1 #bii1 #cjj2 last years1 #cjj-cji ,boyle1 ,roger1 father of #ast ,earl of ,cork1 #c 1 ,mrs4 ,roger1 mother of #ast ,earl of ,cork1 #c 1 ,roger1 8,little ,hodge10 eldest ,son of #ast ,earl of ,cork1 #ab1 #ac1 #ba1 #aeb1 #bbh 1 ,roger1 ,lord ,broghill1 #ast ,earl of ,orrery4 ,see ,orrery1 ,earl of 1 ,sarah4 ,see ,digby1 ,lady ,boyne1 ,battle of the1 #cjb ,bradshaw1 ,john1 #bcb1 #bcc note ,breda1 #fe note1 #agc note1 #bbd1 #bgj ,brescia1 #ajc ,bridgeman1 ,sir ,orlando1 #bgf ,bristol1 ,countess of1 #gi 1 ,john ,digby1 #ast ,earl of1 #ei1 #fa1 #fc1 #ga1 #gb1 #gi family1 #aed1 #ahj ,british ,museum1 #bif note ,broghill1 ,lord4 ,see ,orrery 1 ,margaret ,howard1 ,lady4 ,see ,orrery ,brouncker1 ,lord1 #bdj1 #bdd1 #bee1 #bid ,browne1 ,mr4 and ,mrs41 of ,sayes ,court1 ,deptford1 #ab1 #ac1 #ba1 #bae 1 ,sir ,richard1 #bad note1 #bae ,bruce1 ,mr41 #bdj ,buckhurst1 ,lord1 #bee1 #beg ,buckingham1 ,george ,villiers1 #ast ,duke of1 #ai1 #ba1 #ic ,buckingham1 ,george ,villiers1 #bnd ,duke of1 #bdc ,bull's ,head ,tavern1 the1 #adh1 #bda ,bunhill ,fields1 #bdj ,burlamachy1 ,philip1 #dj1 #eh1 #hh1 #ajf1 #abg1 #abh ,burlington1 ,elizabeth ,clifford1 ,lady ,dungarvan1 ,countess of ,cork1 ,countess of1 #ca1 #cb1 #cd1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg1 #ci1 #ee1 #ef1 #fc1 #fd1 #gc1 #ib1 #aaj1 #aac1 #aad1 #acf1 #aga1 #bbi1 #bcj 1 ,richard ,boyle1 ,lord ,dungarvan1 #bnd ,earl of ,cork1 ,earl of ,burlington1 #ac1 #af1 #ah1 #ba1 #be1 #bf1 #ca1 #cb1 #cd1 #cf1 #cg1 #ch1 #df1 #ef1 #fb1 #fc1 #fd1 #gj1 #ga1 #gb1 #gg1 #gh1 #hc1 #ajj1 #aab1 #aad1 #aae1 #aga1 #ahd1 #bbg ,house1 #gc1 #bbf1 #bbh1 #bbi1 #bij ,burnet1 ,gilbert1 #abg1 #bca1 #bch1 #bih1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #cjd note1 #cjf ,busby1 ,dr41 #bjj ,butler1 ,samuel1 #bea ,buttevant ,church1 #g1 #aa 8,c4 ,s40 ,see ,charles ,i ,cabal1 the1 #bgh ,clum ,britannicum1 #cb ,calvin1 #hh1 #ajj1 #abd ,calvinism1 #de ,cambridge1 #c1 #i1 #adi note1 #aij1 #aif ,cannon ,row1 ,westminster4 ,see ,channel ,row ,canterbury1 #c ,carew1 servant to ,frank and ,robert ,boyle1 #ci1 #da1 #db1 #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #di1 #ec1 #eh1 #fe1 #fh1 #aag the ,poet1 #cb 1 ,sir ,george1 ,earl of ,totness1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #bj1 #gh note ,carisbrooke ,castle1 #afj ,carlisle1 ,charles ,howard1 #ast ,earl of1 #ach1 #aci1 #bci ,carrickfoyle1 #i ,carteret1 ,lady1 #bfa1 #bgj ,carthusians1 #ii ,cary1 ,anne1 ,countess of ,clanbrassil1 #agh 1 ,elizabeth1 d4 of ,henry1 ,earl of ,monmouth1 #agh1 #agi 1 ,henry4 ,see ,monmouth1 #bnd ,earl of 1 ,lionel1 e4s4 of ,henry1 ,earl of ,monmouth1 #afe 1 ,martha1 d4 of ,henry1 ,earl of ,monmouth1 #agh 1 ,mary1 d4 of ,henry1 ,earl of ,monmouth1 #agh 1 ,thomas1 #afe ,casaubon1 #dd ,castell1 ,mr41 #ajf1 #aae ,castlehaven1 ,lady1 #ae1 #af ,castle ,lyons1 #bf1 #cf1 #gd1 #aac1 #agb1 #agc ,castlemaine1 ,lady1 #bca1 #bge ,castle ,martyr1 #bhj1 #bie ,catherine of ,braganza1 ,queen of ,charles ,,ii1 #bef ,cavendish1 ,lady ,mary1 d4 of ,earl of ,devonshire1 #beh1 #bei ,caverswell ,castle1 #bhd ,cecil family1 the1 #acf4 ,see also ,salisbury 1 ,sir ,robert1 #aj ,cerdogni1 ,count1 #abi ,chambry1 #ii ,channel ,row1 ,westminster1 #ai1 #bb1 #adb note ,chapel ,royal1 ,whitehall1 #hc1 #ic ,charing ,cross1 #ajh1 #afh1 #agj1 #ahh1 #bcf ,charles ,i1 #c1 #ai1 #bf1 #eh1 #fc1 #gj1 #gb1 #gh1 #gi1 #hj1 #hc1 #ic1 #ajb1 #ajg1 #acb1 #ace1 #adj1 #add1 #ade1 #aei1 #afe1 #afg1 #afh1 #aif1 #bjh ,,ii1 #aci1 #afj1 #agc note1 #bjb1 #bae1 #bbd1 #bbe and note1 #bbf and note1 #bbg and note1 #bbh1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bcg1 #bdc1 #bdd1 #bde1 #bed1 #bef1 #bfj1 #bfg1 #bfh1 #bge1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bgi1 #bhd1 #bhe1 #bhg1 #bia1 #bie1 #cjj ,charleville1 #bbg1 #bgh1 #bie ,charlton1 in ,kent1 #ach ,chaucer1 #h ,cheapside1 #bj1 #aaa1 #acj1 #aca1 #adh1 #bda1 #bdb ,chelsea1 #bcc1 #bfe1 #cjc ,christian ,virtuoso1 ,the1 #bdf1 #bhb1 #bii ,clanbrassil1 ,james ,hamilton1 ,earl of1 #gf1 #gg1 #gh1 #gi1 #id1 #aff1 #agh1 #bde ,clandeboye1 ,lord1 #gf1 #gg ,clarendon family1 the1 #bge 1 ,edward ,hyde1 ,earl of1 #bbh1 #bbi note1 #bcj1 #bci1 #bfa1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bgh1 #cja ,clarke1 ,dr41 #bjj ,claypole1 ,lady1 #bah ,clayton1 ,lady1 #ah1 #ca1 #cf1 #fj1 #bjg 1 ,sir ,randall1 #ca1 #cf ,clifford1 ,elizabeth4 ,see ,burlington1 ,countess of 1 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