,,laocoon4 ,an ,essay ^u ! ,limits ( ,pa9t+ & ,poetry4 ,,) ,,rem>ks ,,illu/rative ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,po9ts ,,9 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,anci5t ,,art4 ,,by ,,got?old ,,ephraim ,,less+4 ,,translat$ ,,by ,,ell5 ,,fro?+ham4 ,illu/ration3 ,logo ,,bo/on3 ,,rob]ts ,,bro!rs4 #ahij4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahgc1 by ,,rob]ts ,,bro!rs1 ,9 ! (fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 at ,wa%+ton4 ,,univ]sity ,,press3 ,,john ,,wilson ,,son1 ,,cambridge4 ,,translator',s ,,preface4 ,a translation ( ! ,laocoon 0 giv5 to ! ,engli% public by ,e4 ,c4 ,,beasley1 "o ( ! tutors ( ,leam+ton ,college1 9 #ahec4 ,v few copies f\nd _! way to ,am]ica1 & ! book is n[ difficult to obta94 ,! desire ( ! pres5t translator has be5 to make a v]sion :i* c\ld be easily read by p]sons ignorant ( any language save ,engli%4 ,to ?is end an attempt 0 made to bani% all =eign languages f ! text1 & sub/itute = ! orig9al quotations _! equival5ts1 z ne> z possible1 9 ,engli%4 ,?is me?od 0 f\nd1 h[ev]1 on trial1 to be incompatible ) ! clos5ess ( ,less+'s criticism1 dep5d+1 z t 9 _m cases does1 on ! %ade ( mean+ ( ! orig9al ^w4 ,= ! sake ( consi/5cy1 !re=e1 ,less+'s me?od has be5 adh]$ to 9 e in/ance2 ! words ( ! au?or cit$ be+ reta9$ 9 ! text1 & a translation giv5 9 a foot-note :]ev] ! mean+ 0 n suffici5tly indicat$ by ! context4 ,! same c\rse has be5 pursu$ ) ! mod]n z ) ! anci5t languages4 ,dryd5's translation ( ,virgil has be5 us$ ?r\gh\t1 & ,bryant's ( ,hom] 9 e case b "o1 :]e a quotation f ! neid & ! ,odyssey /ood 9 close connection4 ,9 ?is s+le in/ance ,pope's v]sion 0 pref]r$2 8 /yle be+ m 9 h>mony ) t ( ,dryd51 & 8 want ( lit]alness be+ "h n objectionable4 ,su* notes z 7 n necess>y to ! und]/&+ ( ! text h be5 transf]r$ to ! end ( ! book4 ,! translator w\ld "h ackn[l$ge ! valuable assi/ance receiv$ f ,mr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,brigham 9 ! r5d]+ ( quotations f ! classics4 ,,ell5 ,,fro?+ham4 ,,bo/on1 ,june1 #ahgc4 ,,preface4 ,! fir/ :o comp>$ pa9t+ ) poetry 0 a man ( f9e feel+1 :o 0 consci\s ( a simil> effect produc$ on himself by bo? arts4 ,bo?1 he p]ceiv$1 repres5t abs5t ?+s z pres5t1 give u ! appe>ance z ! reality4 ,bo? produce illusion1 & ! illusion ( bo? is pleas+4 ,a second s\ght to analyze ! nature ( ?is pleasure1 & f\nd its s\rce to be 9 bo? cases ! same4 ,beauty1 our fir/ idea ( :i* is d]iv$ f corporeal objects1 has univ]sal laws :i* admit ( wide application4 ,!y may be ext5d$ to actions & ?\ghts z well z to =ms4 ,a ?ird1 pond]+ ^u ! value & di/ribution ( ^! laws1 f\nd t "s obta9$ m 9 pa9t+1 o!rs 9 poetry3 t 9 reg>d to ! latt]1 !re=e1 poetry c come to ! aid ( pa9t+2 9 reg>d to ! =m]1 pa9t+ to ! aid ( poetry1 by illu/ration & example4 ,! fir/ 0 ! amateur2 ! second1 ! philosoph]2 ! ?ird1 ! critic4 ,! fir/ two c\ld n well make a false use ( _! feel+ or _! conclusions1 :]eas ) ! critic all dep5ds on ! "r application ( 8 pr9ciples 9 p>ticul> cases4 ,&1 s9ce !re are fifty +5i\s critics to "o ( p5etration1 x w\ld be a wond] if ! application 71 9 e case1 made ) ! caution indisp5sable to an exact adju/m5t ( ! scales betwe5 ! two arts4 ,if ,apelles & ,protog5es1 9 _! lo/ works on pa9t+1 fix$ & illu/rat$ its rules f ! already e/abli%$ laws ( poetry1 we may be sure !y did s ) ! same mod]ation & exactness ) :i* ,ari/otle1 ,cic]o1 ,horace1 & ,qu9tilian1 9 _! /ill exi/+ writ+s1 apply ! pr9ciples & exp]i5ces ( pa9t+ to eloqu5ce & poetry4 ,x is ! pr]ogative ( ! anci5ts 9 no?+ ei!r to exce$ or fall %ort4 ,b we mod]ns h 9 _m cases ?\ght to surpass ! anci5ts by trans=m+ _! pleasure-pa?s into highways1 ?\gh at ! risk ( r$uc+ ! %ort] & saf] highways to su* pa?s z lead ?r\gh des]ts4 ,! dazzl+ anti!sis ( ! ,greek ,voltaire1 t pa9t+ is dumb poetry1 & poetry speak+ pa9t+1 /ood 9 no text-book4 ,x 0 "o ( ^? conceits1 occurr+ frequ5tly 9 ,simonides1 ! inexactness & falsity ( :i* we feel con/ra9$ to ov]look = ! sake ( ! evid5t tru? !y conta94 ,! anci5ts1 h[ev]1 did n ov]look !m4 ,!y conf9$ ! say+ ( ,simonides to ! effect produc$ by ! two arts1 n fail+ to lay /ress ^u ! fact t1 not)/&+ ! p]fect simil>ity ( _! effects1 ! arts !mselves diff] bo? 9 ! objects & 9 ! me?ods ( _! imitation1 4 ,b1 z if no su* diff]5ce exi/$1 _m mod]n critics h drawn ! crude/ conclusions possible f ?is agreem5t betwe5 pa9t+ & poetry4 ,at "o "t !y conf9e poetry )9 ! n>r[] limits ( pa9t+1 & at ano!r all[ pa9t+ to fill ! :ole wide sph]e ( poetry4 ,:atev] is "r 9 "o mu/ be p]mitt$ to ! o!r2 :atev] pleases or displeases 9 "o is necess>ily pleas+ or displeas+ 9 ! o!r4 ,full ( ?is idea !y1 ) great assurance1 give utt]ance to ! %all[e/ judgm5ts1 :5ev] !y f9d t poet & pa9t] h treat$ ! same subject 9 a diff]5t way4 ,su* v>iations !y take to be faults1 & *>ge !m on pa9t] or poet1 accord+ z _! ta/e m incl9es to ! "o art or ! o!r4 ,?is fault-f9d+ criticism has p>tially misl$ ! virtuosos !mselves4 ,9 poetry1 a fondness = description1 & 9 pa9t+1 a fancy = allegory1 has aris5 f ! desire to make ! "o a speak+ picture )\t really kn[+ :at x c & ought to pa9t1 & ! o!r a dumb poem1 )\t hav+ consid]$ 9 h[ f> pa9t+ c express univ]sal ideas )\t ab&on+ its prop] sph]e & deg5]at+ into an arbitr>y me?od ( writ+4 ,to combat t false ta/e & ^? ill-gr\nd$ criticisms is ! *ief object ( ! foll[+ *apt]s4 ,_! orig9 0 accid5tal1 & 9 _! gr[? !y h r foll[$ ! c\rse ( my read+ ?an be5 sy/ematically develop$ f g5]al pr9ciples4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 n s mu* a book z irregul> collectanea = "o4 ,yet ,i flatt] myself t1 ev5 9 ?is =m1 !y w n be :olly )\t value4 ,we ,g]mans suff] f no lack ( sy/ematic books4 ,no nation 9 ! _w surpasses u 9 ! faculty ( d$uc+ f a c\ple ( def9itions :atev] conclusions we please1 9 mo/ fair & logical ord]4 ,baumg>t5 ackn[l$g$ t he 0 indebt$ to ,gesn]'s diction>y = a l>ge proportion ( ! examples 9 8 8/hetics40 ,if my reason+ be less close ?an t ( ,baumg>t51 my examples w1 at lea/1 savor m ( ! f\nta94 ,s9ce ,i made ! ,laocoon my po9t ( dep>ture1 & return to x m ?an once 9 ! c\rse ( my essay1 ,i wi%$ him to h a %>e 9 ! title-page4 ,o!r slight digressions on v>i\s po9ts 9 ! hi/ory ( anci5t art1 contribute less to ! g5]al design ( my "w1 & h be5 reta9$ only because ,i nev] c hope to f9d a bett] place = !m4 ,fur!r1 ,i w\ld /ate t1 "u ! "n ( pa9t+1 ,i include ! pla/ic arts g5]ally2 z1 "u t ( poetry1 ,i may h all[$ myself sometimes to embrace ^? o!r arts1 ^: imitation is progressive4 ,,laocoon4 ,i4 ,! *ief & univ]sal *>act]i/ic ( ! ,greek ma/]pieces 9 pa9t+ & sculpture consi/s1 accord+ to ,w9kelmann1 9 a noble simplicity & quiet gr&eur1 bo? ( attitude & expression4 8,z ! dep?s ( ! sea10 he says1#a 8rema9 always at re/1 h[ev] ! surface may be agitat$1 s ! expression 9 ! figures ( ! ,greeks reveals 9 ! mid/ ( passion a great & /eadfa/ s\l40 8,su* a s\l is depict$ 9 ! c\nt5ance ( ! ,laocoon1 "u suff]+s ! mo/ int5se4 ,nor is x depict$ 9 ! c\nt5ance only3 ! agony betray$ 9 e n]ve & muscle1--we almo/ fancy we c\ld detect x 9 ! pa9ful contraction ( ! abdom5 alone1 )\t look+ at ! face & o!r p>ts ( ! body1--?is agony1 ,i say1 is yet express$ ) no viol5ce 9 ! face & attitude4 ,he raises no t]rible cry1 z ,virgil s+s ( 8 ,laocoon4 ,?is w\ld n be possible1 f ! op5+ ( ! m\?1 :i* d5otes r an anxi\s & oppress$ sigh1 z describ$ by ,sadolet4 ,bodily angui% & moral greatness are diffus$ 9 equal measure ?r\gh ! :ole /ructure ( ! figure2 be+1 z x 71 balanc$ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,laocoon suff]s1 b he suff]s l ! ,philoctetes ( ,sophocles4 ,8 suff]+s pi]ce u to ! s\l1 b we are tempt$ to envy ! great man 8 p[] ( endurance40 8,to express s noble a s\l f> outruns ! con/ructive art ( natural beauty4 ,! arti/ mu/ h felt )9 himself ! m5tal greatness :i* he has impress$ ^u 8 m>ble4 ,greece unit$ 9 "o p]son arti/ & philosoph]1 & _h m ?an "o ,metrodorus4 ,wisdom jo9$ h&s ) art & inspir$ its figures ) m ?an ord9>y s\ls40 ,! rem>k :i* lies at ! root ( ?is criticism--t suff]+ is n express$ 9 ! c\nt5ance ( ,laocoon ) ! int5sity :i* its viol5ce w\ld lead u to expect--is p]fectly j4 ,t ?is v po9t1 :]e a %all[ obs]v] w\ld judge ! arti/ to h fall5 %ort ( nature & n to h atta9$ ! true pa?os ( suff]+1 furni%es ! cle>e/ pro( ( 8 wisdom1 is also unque/ionable4 ,b 9 ! reason :i* ,w9kelmann assigns = ?is wisdom1 & ! univ]sality ( ! rule :i* he d$uces f x1 ,i v5ture to diff] f him4 ,8 depreciatory allusion to ,virgil 01 ,i confess1 ! fir/ ?+ t ar\s$ my d\bts1 & ! second 0 8 comp>ison ( ,laocoon ) ,philoctetes4 ,us+ ^! z my />t+-po9ts1 ,i %all proce$ to write d[n my ?\ghts 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y h occurr$ to me4 8,laocoon suff]s l ! ,philoctetes ( ,sophocles40 ,h[ does ,philoctetes suff]8 ,/range t 8 suff]+s h left su* diff]5t impressions ^u our m9ds4 ,! compla9ts1 ! screams1 ! wild imprecations ) :i* 8 pa9 fill$ ! camp1 int]rupt+ ! sacrifices & all (fices ( religion1 res\nd$ n less t]ribly ?r\gh ! des]t isl& to :i* !y _h be5 ! cause ( 8 bani%m5t4 ,nor did ! poet hesitate to make ! !atre r+ ) ! imitation ( ^! tones ( rage1 pa91 & despair4 ,! ?ird act ( ?is play has be5 reg>d$ z mu* %ort] ?an ! o!rs4 ,a pro(1 say ! critics1#b t ! anci5ts atta*$ little importance to ! equal l5g? ( ! acts4 ,i agree ) _! conclusion1 b %\ld *oose "s o!r example 9 support ( x4 ,! cries ( pa91 ! moans1 ! brok5 exclamations1 1 6 6 6 1 6 ! 1 6 fill+ :ole l9es1 ( :i* ?is act is made up1 w\ld naturally require to be prolong$ 9 ! deliv]y & int]rupt$ by m frequ5t pauses ?an a connect$ disc\rse4 ,9 ! repres5tation1 !re=e1 ?is ?ird act mu/ h occupi$ ab\t z mu* "t z ! o!rs4 ,x seems %ort] on pap] to ! read] ?an x did to ! spectator 9 ! !atre4 ,a cry is ! natural expression ( bodily pa94 ,hom]'s w\nd$ h]oes n infrequ5tly fall ) a cry to ! gr\nd4 ,v5us screams al\d#c at a scrat*1 n z be+ ! t5d] goddess ( love1 b because suff]+ nature w h its rights4 ,ev5 ! iron ,m>s1 on feel+ ! lance ( ,diom$es1 bell[s z frightfully z if t5 ?\s& rag+ w>riors 7 ro>+ at once1 & fills bo? armies ) t]ror4#d ,high z ,hom] exalts 8 h]oes 9 o!r respects above human nature1 !y yet rema9 true to x 9 _! s5sitiv5ess to pa9 & injuries & 9 ! expression ( _! feel+s by cries or te>s or revil+s4 ,judg$ by _! de$s !y are creatures ( a high] ord]2 9 _! feel+s !y are g5u9e human be+s4 ,we f9] ,europeans ( a wis] po/]ity h1 ,i "k1 m control ov] our lips & eyes4 ,c\rtesy & dec5cy =bid cries & te>s4 ,we h ex*ang$ ! active brav]y ( ! fir/ rude ages = a passive c\rage4 ,yet ev5 our ance/ors 7 great] 9 ! latt] ?an ! =m]4 ,b our ance/ors 7 b>b>ians4 ,to /ifle all signs ( pa91 to meet ! /roke ( dea? ) unav]t$ eye1 to die laugh+ "u ! add]'s /+1 to weep nei!r ov] our own s9s nor at ! loss ( ! de>e/ ( fri5ds1 are traits ( ! old nor!rn h]oism4#e ,! law giv5 by ,palnatoko to ! ,jomsburgh]s 0 to fe> no?+1 nor ev5 to "n ! ^w fe>4 ,n s ! ,greek4 ,he felt & fe>$4 ,he express$ 8 pa9 & 8 grief4 ,he 0 a%am$ ( no human weakness1 yet all[$ none to hold him back f ! pursuit ( honor or ! p]=mance ( a duty4 ,pr9ciple wr\ght 9 him :at savag5ess & h>dness develop$ 9 ! b>b>ian4 ,greek h]oism 0 l ! sp>k hidd5 9 ! pebble1 :i* sleeps till r\s$ by "s outw>d =ce1 & takes f ! /one nei!r cle>ness nor coldness4 ,! h]oism ( ! b>b>ian 0 a bright1 dev\r+ flame1 ev] rag+1 & black5+1 if n consum+1 e o!r good quality4 ,:5 ,hom] makes ! ,trojans advance to battle ) wild cries1 :ile ! ,greeks m>* 9 resolute sil5ce1 ! comm5tators v ju/ly obs]ve t ! poet means by ?is di/9ction to *>act]ize ! "o z an army ( b>b>ians1 ! o!r ( civiliz$ m54 ,i am surpris$ !y h n p]ceiv$ a simil> *>act]i/ic diff]5ce 9 ano!r passage4#f ,! oppos+ armies h agre$ ^u an armi/ice1 & are occupi$1 n )\t hot te>s on bo? sides 7 71 ) ! burn+ ( _! dead4 ,b ,priam =bids 8 ,trojans to weep 7' 71 8& = ?is reason10 says ,madame ,daci]2 8he fe>$ !y might become too t5d]-he>t$1 & return ) less _s to ! morr['s fight40 ,good2 b ,i w\ld ask :y ,priam alone %\ld appreh5d ?is4 ,:y does n ,agamemnon issue ! same comm& to 8 ,greeks8 ,! poet has a deep] mean+4 ,he w\ld %[ u t only ! civiliz$ ,greek c weep & yet be brave1 :ile ! unciviliz$ ,trojan1 to be brave1 mu/ /ifle all humanity4 ,i am 9 no wise a%am$ to weep 7 71 he else:]e#g makes ! prud5t son ( wise ,ne/or say4 ,x is wor?y ( notice t1 among ! few trag$ies :i* h come d[n to u f antiquity1 !re %\ld be two 9 :i* bodily pa9 con/itutes n ! lea/ "p ( ! h]o's mis=tunes4 ,besides ,philoctetes we h ! dy+ ,h]cules1 :om also ,sophocles repres5ts z wail+1 moan+1 weep+1 & scream+4 ,?anks to our well-mann]$ neighbors1 ^? ma/]s ( propriety1 a :imp]+ ,philoctetes or a scream+ ,h]cules w\ld n[ be ridicul\s & n tol]at$ ^u ! /age4 ,"o ( _! late/ poets1#h inde$1 has v5tur$ ^u a ,philoctetes1 b he seems n to h d>$ to %[ him 9 8 true "*4 ,among ! lo/ works ( ,sophocles 0 a ,laocoon4 ,if fate _h b sp>$ x to u6 ,f ! slight ref]5ces to ! piece 9 "s ( ! old gramm>ians1 we _c det]m9e h[ ! poet treat$ 8 subject4 ,( "o ?+ ,i am conv9c$1--t he w\ld n h made 8 ,laocoon m ( a ,/oic ?an ,philoctetes & ,h]cules4 ,e ?+ /oical is un!atrical4 ,our sympa?y is always proportionate ) ! suff]+ express$ by ! object ( our int]e/4 ,if we behold him be>+ 8 mis]y ) magnanimity1 our admiration is excit$2 b admiration is a cold s5tim5t1 :]e9 b>r5 wond] excludes n only e w>m] emotion1 b all vivid p]sonal conception ( ! suff]+4 ,i come n[ to my conclusion4 ,if x be true t a cry1 z an expression ( bodily pa91 is n inconsi/5t ) nobility ( s\l1 especially accord+ to ! views ( ! anci5t ,greeks1 !n ! desire to repres5t su* a s\l _c be ! reason :y ! arti/ has refus$ to imitate ?is cry 9 8 m>ble4 ,he mu/ h _h "s o!r reason = deviat+ 9 ?is respect f 8 rival1 ! poet1 :o expresses x ) delib]ate int5tion4 ,,ii4 ,be x tru? or fable t ,love made ! fir/ attempt 9 ! imitative arts1 ?us mu* is c]ta93 t %e nev] tir$ ( guid+ ! h& ( ! great ma/]s ( antiquity4 ,= al?\gh pa9t+1 z ! art :i* reproduces objects ^u flat surfaces1 is n[ practis$ 9 ! broade/ s5se ( t def9ition1 yet ! wise ,greek set mu* n>r[] b\nds to x4 ,he conf9$ x /rictly to ! imitation ( beauty4 ,! ,greek arti/ repres5t$ no?+ t 0 n beautiful4 ,ev5 ! vulg>ly beautiful1 ! beauty ( inf]ior types1 he copi$ only incid5tally = practice or recreation4 ,! p]fection ( ! subject mu/ *>m 9 8 "w4 ,he 0 too great to require ! behold]s to be satisfi$ ) ! m]e b>r5 pleasure aris+ f a successful lik5ess or f consid]ation ( ! arti/'s skill4 ,no?+ 9 8 art 0 de>] to him or seem$ to him m noble ?an ! ends ( art4 8,:o w\ld want to pa9t y :5 no "o wants to look at y80 says an old epigrammati/#i to a mis%ap5 man4 ,_m a mod]n arti/ w\ld say1 8,no matt] h[ mis%ap5 y are1 ,i w pa9t y4 ,?\gh p may n l to look at y1 !y w be glad to look at my picture2 n z a portrait ( y1 b z a pro( ( my skill 9 mak+ s close a copy ( su* a mon/]40 ,! fondness = mak+ a display ) m]e manual dext]ity1 ennobl$ by no wor? 9 ! subject1 is too natural n to h produc$ among ! ,greeks a ,pauson & a ,pyreicus4 ,!y _h su* pa9t]s1 b met$ out to !m /rict ju/ice4 ,pauson1 :o conf9$ himself to ! beauties ( ord9>y nature1 & ^: deprav$ ta/e lik$ be/ to repres5t ! imp]fections & de=mities ( humanity1#aj liv$ 9 ! mo/ ab&on$ pov]ty2#aa & ,pyreicus1 :o pa9t$ b>b]s' rooms1 dirty work%ops1 donkeys1 & kit*5 h]bs1 ) all ! dilig5ce ( a ,dut* pa9t]1 z if su* ?+s 7 r>e or attractive 9 nature1 acquir$ ! surname ( ,rhyp>ograph]1#ab ! dirt-pa9t]4 ,! ri* voluptu>ies1 inde$1 paid = 8 works _! weight 9 gold1 z if by ?is fictiti\s valuation to atone = _! insignificance4 ,ev5 ! magi/rates consid]$ ?is subject a matt] wor?y _! att5tion1 & conf9$ ! arti/ by =ce )9 8 prop] sph]e4 ,! law ( ! ,!bans comm&+ him to make 8 copies m beautiful ?an ! orig9als1 & nev] "u pa9 ( puni%m5t less s1 is well kn[n4 ,?is 0 no law aga9/ bungl]s1 z has be5 suppos$ by critics g5]ally1 & ev5 by ,junius himself1#ac b 0 aim$ aga9/ ! ,greek ,ghezzi1 & condemn$ ! unwor?y artifice ( obta9+ a lik5ess by exagg]at+ ! de=mities ( ! model4 ,x 01 9 fact1 a law aga9/ c>icature4 ,f ?is same conception ( ! beautiful came ! law ( ! ,olympic judges4 ,e conqu]or 9 ! ,olympic games receiv$ a /atue1 b a portrait-/atue 0 erect$ only to him :o _h be5 ?rice victor4#ad ,too _m indiff]5t portraits 7 n all[$ among works ( art4 ,= al?\gh a portrait admits ( be+ idealiz$1 yet ! lik5ess %\ld pr$om9ate4 ,x is ! ideal ( a p>ticul> p]son1 n ! ideal ( humanity4 ,we laugh :5 we read t ! v arts among ! anci5ts 7 subject to ! control ( civil law2 b we h no "r to laugh4 ,laws %\ld unque/ionably usurp no sway ov] sci5ce1 = ! object ( sci5ce is tru?4 ,tru? is a necessity ( ! s\l1 & to put any re/ra9t ^u ! gratification ( ?is ess5tial want is tyranny4 ,! object ( art1 on ! contr>y1 is pleasure1 & pleasure is n indisp5sable4 ,:at k9d & :at degree ( pleasure %all be p]mitt$ may ju/ly dep5d on ! law-giv]4 ,! pla/ic arts especially1 besides ! inevitable influ5ce :i* !y ex]cise on ! "* ( a nation1 h p[] to "w "o effect :i* dem&s ! c>eful att5tion ( ! law4 ,beautiful /atues fa%ion$ f beautiful m5 react$ ^u _! creators1 & ! /ate 0 indebt$ = its beautiful m5 to beautiful /atues4 ,) u ! susceptible imag9ation ( ! "m seems to express itself only 9 mon/]s4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ,i ?9k ,i detect a tru? 9 c]ta9 old /ories :i* h be5 reject$ z fables4 ,! mo!rs ( ,ari/om5es1 ( ,ari/odamas1 ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 ,scipio1 ,augu/us1 & ,gal]ius1 ea* dream$ dur+ pregnancy t %e 0 visit$ by a s]p5t4 ,! s]p5t 0 an emblem ( div9ity4#ae ,)\t x ,bac*us1 ,apollo1 ,m]cury1 & ,h]cules 7 seldom repres5t$ 9 _! beautiful pictures & /atues4 ,^! honorable wom5 _h be5 fea/+ _! eyes ^u ! god dur+ ! day1 & ! bewild]+ dream sugge/$ to !m ! image ( ! snake4 ,?us ,i v9dicate ! dream1 & %[ up ! explanation giv5 by ! pride ( _! sons & by unblu%+ flatt]y4 ,= !re mu/ h be5 "s reason = ! adult]\s fancy always tak+ ! =m ( a s]p5t4 ,b ,i am w&]+ f my purpose1 :i* 0 simply to prove t among ! anci5ts beauty 0 ! supreme law ( ! imitative arts4 ,?is be+ e/abli%$1 x foll[s necess>ily t :atev] else ^! arts may aim at mu/ give way completely if incompatible ) beauty1 &1 if compatible1 mu/ at lea/ be second>y to x4 ,i w conf9e myself :olly to expression4 ,!re are passions & degrees ( passion ^: expression produces ! mo/ hide\s contortions ( ! face1 & ?r[s ! :ole body into su* unnatural positions z to de/roy all ! beautiful l9es t m>k x :5 9 a /ate ( great] repose4 ,^! passions ! old arti/s ei!r refra9$ altoge!r f repres5t+1 or s(t5$ into emotions :i* 7 capable ( be+ express$ ) "s degree ( beauty4 ,rage & despair disfigur$ none ( _! works4 ,i v5ture to ma9ta9 t !y nev] repres5t$ a fury4#af ,wra? !y temp]$ into sev]ity4 ,9 poetry we h ! wra?ful ,jupit]1 :o hurls ! ?und]bolt2 9 art he is simply ! au/]e4 ,angui% 0 s(t5$ into sadness4 ,:]e t 0 impossible1 & :]e ! repres5tation ( int5se grief w\ld belittle z well z disfigure1 h[ did ,timan!s manage8 ,!re is a well-kn[n picture by him ( ! sacrifice ( ,iphig5ia1 :]e9 he gives to ! c\nt5ance ( e spectator a fitt+ degree ( sadness1 b veils ! face ( ! fa!r1 on :i* %\ld h be5 depict$ ! mo/ int5se suff]+4 ,?is has be5 ! subject ( _m petty criticisms4 8,! arti/10 says "o1#ag 8_h s exhau/$ himself 9 repres5tations ( sadness t he despair$ ( depict+ ! fa!r's face wor?ily40 8,he h]eby confess$10 says ano!r1#ah 8t ! bitt]ness ( extreme grief _c be express$ by art40 ,i1 = my "p1 see 9 ?is no pro( ( incapacity 9 ! arti/ or 8 art4 ,9 proportion to ! int5sity ( feel+1 ! expression ( ! features is int5sifi$1 & no?+ is easi] ?an to express extremes4 ,b ,timan!s knew ! limits :i* ! graces h impos$ ^u 8 art4 ,he knew t ! grief befitt+ ,agamemnon1 z fa!r1 produces contortions :i* are ess5tially ugly4 ,he c>ri$ expression z f> z 0 consi/5t ) beauty & dignity4 ,ugl9ess he w\ld gladly h pass$ ov]1 or h s(t5$1 b s9ce 8 subject admitt$ ( nei!r1 !re 0 no?+ left him b to veil x4 ,:at he might n pa9t he left to be imag9$4 ,t concealm5t 0 9 %ort a sacrifice to beauty2 an example to %[1 n h[ expression c be c>ri$ beyond ! limits ( art1 b h[ x %\ld be subject$ to ! fir/ law ( art1 ! law ( beauty4 ,apply ?is to ! ,laocoon & we h ! cause we 7 seek+4 ,! ma/] 0 /riv+ to atta9 ! greate/ beauty "u ! giv5 conditions ( bodily pa94 ,pa91 9 its disfigur+ extreme1 0 n compatible ) beauty1 & mu/ !re=e be s(t5$4 ,screams mu/ be r$uc$ to sighs1 n because screams w\ld betray weakness1 b because !y w\ld de=m ! c\nt5ance to a repulsive degree4 ,imag9e ,laocoon's m\? op51 & judge4 ,let him scream1 & see4 ,x 01 be=e1 a figure to inspire compassion 9 its beauty & suff]+4 ,n[ x is ugly1 abhorr5t1 & we gladly av]t our eyes f a pa9ful spectacle1 de/itute ( ! beauty :i* alone c\ld turn our pa9 into ! sweet feel+ ( pity = ! suff]+ object4 ,! simple op5+ ( ! m\?1 ap>t f ! viol5t & repulsive contortions x causes 9 ! o!r p>ts ( ! face1 is a blot on a pa9t+ & a cavity 9 a /atue productive ( ! wor/ possible effect4 ,montfaucon %[$ little ta/e :5 he pron\nc$ ! be>d$ face ( an old man ) wide op5 m\?1 to be a ,jupit] deliv]+ an oracle4#ai ,_c a god =etell ! future )\t scream+8 ,w\ld a m becom+ po/ure ( ! lips ca/ suspicion ^u 8 prophecies8 ,val]ius _c make me believe t ,ajax 0 pa9t$ scream+ 9 ! above-m5tion$ picture ( ,timan!s4#bj ,f> inf]ior ma/]s1 aft] ! decl9e ( art1 d n 9 a s+le in/ance make ! wilde/ b>b>ian op5 8 m\? to scream1 ev5 ?\gh 9 mortal t]ror ( 8 enemy's sword4#ba ,?is s(t5+ ( ! extremity ( bodily suff]+ into a less] degree ( pa9 is app>5t 9 ! works ( _m ( ! old arti/s4 ,h]cules1 wri?+ 9 8 poison$ robe1 f ! h& ( an unkn[n ma/]1 0 n ! ,h]cules ( ,sophocles1 :o made ! ,locrian rocks & ! ,euban promontory r+ ) 8 horrid cries4 ,he 0 gloomy r ?an wild4#bb ,! ,philoctetes ( ,py?agoras ,leont9us seem$ to communicate 8 pa9 to ! behold]1 an effect :i* w\ld h be5 de/roy$ by ! slighte/ disfigurem5t ( ! features4 ,x may be ask$ h[ ,i "k t ?is ma/] made a /atue ( ,philoctetes4 ,f a passage 9 ,pl9y1 :i* ought n to h wait$ = my em5dation1 s evid5t is ! alt]ation or mutilation x has "u gone4#bc ,,iii4 ,b1 z already obs]v$1 ! realm ( art has 9 mod]n times be5 greatly enl>g$4 ,its imitations are all[$ to ext5d ov] all visible nature1 ( :i* beauty con/itutes b a small "p4 ,tru? & expression are tak5 z its fir/ law4 ,z nature always sacrifices beauty to high] ends1 s %\ld ! arti/ subord9ate x to 8 g5]al purpose1 & n pursue x fur!r ?an tru? & expression all[4 ,en\gh t tru? & expression conv]t :at is unsightly 9 nature into a beauty ( art4 ,all[+ ?is idea to pass un*all5g$ at pres5t = :atev] x is wor?1 are !re n o!r indep5d5t consid]ations :i* %\ld set b\nds to expression1 & prev5t ! arti/ f *oos+ = 8 imitation ! culm9at+ po9t ( any action8 ,! s+le mom5t ( "t to :i* art mu/ conf9e itself1 w lead u1 ,i ?9k1 to su* consid]ations4 ,s9ce ! arti/ c use b a s+le mom5t ( ev]-*ang+ nature1 & ! pa9t] mu/ fur!r conf9e 8 /udy ( ?is "o mom5t to a s+le po9t ( view1 :ile _! works are made n simply to be look$ at1 b to be contemplat$ long & (t51 evid5tly ! mo/ fruitful mom5t & ! mo/ fruitful aspect ( t mom5t mu/ be *os54 ,n[ t only is fruitful :i* all[s free play to ! imag9ation4 ,! m we see ! m we mu/ be able to imag9e2 & ! m we imag9e1 ! m we mu/ ?9k we see4 ,b no mom5t 9 ! :ole c\rse ( an action is s disadvantage\s 9 ?is respect z t ( its culm9ation4 ,!re is no?+ beyond1 & to pres5t ! utt]mo/ to ! eye is to b9d ! w+s ( ,fancy1 & compel h]1 s9ce %e _c so> beyond ! impression made on ! s5ses1 to employ h]self ) feebl] images1 %unn+ z h] limit ! visible fulness already express$4 ,:51 = in/ance1 ,laocoon sighs1 imag9ation c he> him cry2 b if he cry1 imag9ation c nei!r m\nt a /ep high]1 nor fall a /ep l[]1 )\t see+ him 9 a m endurable1 & !re=e less int]e/+1 condition4 ,we he> him m]ely groan+1 or we see him already dead4 ,aga91 s9ce ?is s+le mom5t receives f art an un*ang+ duration1 x %\ld express no?+ ess5tially transitory4 ,all ph5om5a1 ^: nature x is sudd5ly to break out & z sudd5ly to disappe>1 :i* c rema9 z !y are b = a mom5t2 all su* ph5om5a1 :e!r agreeable or o!rwise1 acquire ?r\gh ! p]petuity conf]r$ ^u !m by art su* an unnatural appe>ance1 t ! impression !y produce becomes weak] ) e fre% obs]vation1 till ! :ole subject at la/ we>ies or disgu/s u4 ,la ,mettrie1 :o _h himself pa9t$ & engrav$ z a second ,democritus1 laughs only ! fir/ "t we look at him4 ,look$ at aga91 ! philosoph] becomes a buffoon1 & 8 laugh a grimace4 ,s x is ) a cry4 ,pa91 :i* is s viol5t z to extort a scream1 ei!r soon abates or x mu/ de/roy ! suff]]4 ,aga91 if a man ( firmness & endurance cry1 he does n d s unceas+ly1 & only ?is app>5t cont9uity 9 art makes ! cry deg5]ate into womani% weakness or *ildi% impati5ce4 ,?is1 at lea/1 ! sculptor ( ! ,laocoon _h to gu>d aga9/1 ev5 _h a cry n be5 an (f5ce aga9/ beauty1 & 7 suff]+ )\t beauty a legitimate subject ( art4 ,among ! old pa9t]s ,timoma*us seems to h be5 ! "o mo/ fond ( *oos+ extremes = 8 subject4 ,8 rav+ ,ajax & infanticide ,m$ea 7 fam\s4 ,b f ! descriptions we h ( !m x is cle> t he _h r>e skill 9 select+ t po9t :i* leads ! obs]v] to imag9e ! crisis )\t actually %[+ x1 & 9 unit+ ) ?is an appe>ance n s ess5tially transitory z to become (f5sive ?r\gh ! cont9uity conf]r$ by art4 ,he did n pa9t ,m$ea at ! mom5t ( h] actually murd]+ h] *ildr51 b j be=e1 :5 mo!rly love is /ill /ruggl+ ) jeal\sy4 ,we anticipate ! result & tremble at ! idea ( soon see+ ,m$ea 9 h] unmitigat$ f]ocity1 our imag9ation f> out/ripp+ any ?+ ! pa9t] c\ld h %[n u ( t t]rible mom5t4 ,= t reason h] prolong$ indecision1 s f> f displeas+ u1 makes u wi% x _h be5 cont9u$ 9 reality4 ,we wi% ?is conflict ( passions _h nev] be5 decid$ or _h la/$ at lea/ till "t & reflection _h weak5$ h] fury & secur$ ! victory to ! mat]nal s5tim5ts4 ,?is wisdom on ! "p ( ,timoma*us won = him great & frequ5t praise1 & rais$ him f> above ano!r arti/ unkn[n1 :o 0 fooli% en\gh to pa9t ,m$ea at ! height ( h] madness1 ?us giv+ to ?is transi5t access ( passion a duration t outrages nature4 ,! poet#bd c5sures him = ?is1 & says v ju/ly1 apo/rophiz+ ! picture1 8,art ?\ !n = ev] ?ir/+ = ! blood ( ?y *ildr58 ,is !re always a new ,jason & a new ,creusa to inflame ?y rage8 ,to ! devil ) ! v picture ( !e60 he adds angrily4 ,( ,timoma*us' treatm5t ( ! rav+ ,ajax1 we c judge by :at ,philo/ratus tells u4#be ,ajax 0 n repres5t$ at ! mom5t :51 rag+ among ! h]ds1 he captures & slays goats & ox51 mi/ak+ !m = m54 ,! ma/] %[$ him sitt+ we>y aft] ^! crazy de$s ( h]oism1 & m$itat+ self-de/ruction4 ,t 0 really ! rav+ ,ajax1 n because he is rav+ at ! mom5t1 b because we see t he has be5 rav+1 & ) :at viol5ce 8 pres5t reaction ( %ame & despair vividly portrays4 ,we see ! =ce ( ! tempe/ 9 ! wrecks & corpses ) :i* x has /rewn ! bea*4 ,,iv4 ,a review ( ! reasons "h alleg$ = ! mod]ation obs]v$ by ! sculptor ( ! ,laocoon 9 ! expression ( bodily pa91 %[s !m to lie :olly 9 ! peculi> object ( 8 art & its necess>y limitations4 ,sc>ce "o ( !m w\ld be applicable to poetry4 ,)\t inquir+ "h h[ f> ! poet c succe$ 9 describ+ physical beauty1 s mu* at lea/ is cle>1 t s9ce ! :ole inf9ite realm ( p]fection lies op5 = 8 imitation1 ?is visible cov]+ "u :i* p]fection becomes beauty w be "o ( 8 lea/ significant means ( int]e/+ u 9 8 *>act]s4 ,inde$1 he (t5 neglects x altoge!r1 feel+ sure t if 8 h]o h ga9$ our favor1 8 nobl] qualities w ei!r s engross u t we %all n ?9k ( 8 body1 or h s won u t1 if we ?9k ( x1 we %all naturally attribute to him a beautiful1 or1 at lea/1 no unsightly "o4 ,lea/ ( all w he h ref]5ce to ! eye 9 e detail n especially address$ to ! s5se ( sight4 ,:5 ,virgil's ,laocoon screams1 :o /ops to ?9k t a scream necessitates an op5 m\?1 & t an op5 m\? is ugly8 ,en\gh t 8clamores horr5dos ad sid]a tollit0 is f9e to ! e>1 no matt] :at its effect on ! eye4 ,:oev] requires a beautiful picture has miss$ ! :ole int5tion ( ! poet4 ,fur!r1 no?+ obliges ! poet to conc5trate 8 picture into a s+le mom5t4 ,he c take up e action1 if he w1 f its orig91 & c>ry x ?r\gh all possible *anges to its issue4 ,e *ange1 :i* w\ld require f ! pa9t] a sep>ate picture1 co/s him b a s+le t\*2 a t\*1 p]haps1 :i*1 tak5 by itself1 might (f5d ! imag9ation1 b :i*1 anticipat$1 z x has be51 by :at prec$$1 & s(t5$ & aton$ = by :at foll[s1 loses its individual effect 9 ! admirable result ( ! :ole4 ,?us 7 x really unbecom+ 9 a man to cry out 9 ! extremity ( bodily pa91 h[ c ?is mom5t>y weakness l[] 9 our e/imation a "* ^: virtues h previ\sly won our reg>d8 ,virgil's ,laocoon cries2 b ?is scream+ ,laocoon is ! same we "k & love z ! mo/ f>-see+ ( patriots & ! t5d]e/ ( fa!rs4 ,we d n attribute ! cry to 8 "*1 b solely to 8 intol]able suff]+s4 ,we he> 9 x only ^?1 nor c\ld !y h be5 made s5sible to u 9 any o!r way4 ,:o blames ! poet1 !n8 ,r mu/ we ackn[l$ge t he 0 "r 9 introduc+ ! cry1 z ! sculptor 0 9 omitt+ x4 ,b ,virgil's is a n>rative poem4 ,w\ld ! dramatic poet be includ$ 9 ?is ju/ification8 ,a v diff]5t impression is made by ! m5tion ( a cry & ! cry itself4 ,! drama1 be+ meant = a liv+ picture to ! spectator1 %\ld !re=e p]haps con=m m /rictly to ! laws ( mat]ial pa9t+4 ,9 ! drama we n only fancy we see & he> a cry+ ,philoctetes1 we actually d see & he> him4 ,! m ne>ly ! actor approa*es nature1 ! m s5sibly mu/ our eyes & e>s be (f5d$1 z 9 nature !y und\bt$ly are :5 we he> su* l\d & viol5t expressions ( pa94 ,besides1 physical suff]+ 9 g5]al possesses 9 a less degree ?an o!r evils ! p[] ( ar\s+ sympa?y4 ,! imag9ation _c take hold ( x suffici5tly = ! m]e sight to ar\se 9 u any correspond+ emotion4 ,sophocles1 !re=e1 might easily h ov]/epp$ ! b\nds n only ( conv5tional propriety1 b ( a propriety gr\nd$ 9 ! v nature ( our s5sibilities1 9 lett+ ,philoctetes & ,h]cules moan & weep1 scream & ro>4 ,! by-/&]s _c possibly feel su* conc]n = _! suff]+ z ^! excessive outbreaks seem to dem&4 ,to u spectators ! look]s-on w seem comp>atively cold2 & yet we _c b reg>d _! sympa?y z ! measure ( our own4 ,add to ?is t ! actor c r>ely or nev] c>ry ! repres5tation ( bodily pa9 to ! po9t ( illusion1 & p]haps ! mod]n dramatic poets are r to be prais$ ?an blam$ = ei!r avoid+ ?is dang] altoge!r or skirt+ x at a safe di/ance4 ,mu* w\ld 9 !ory appe> unansw]able if ! a*ievem5ts ( g5ius _h n prov$ ! contr>y4 ,^! obs]vations are n )\t good f\ndation1 yet 9 spite ( !m ,philoctetes rema9s "o ( ! ma/]pieces ( ! /age4 ,= a portion ( our /rictures d n apply to ,sophocles1 & by a disreg>d ( o!rs he has atta9$ to beauties :i* ! timid critic1 b = ?is example1 w\ld nev] h dream$ (4 ,! foll[+ rem>ks w make ?is app>5t3-- #a4 ,! poet has contriv$ wond]fully to int5sify & ennoble ! idea ( physical pa94 ,he *ose a w\nd1--= we may consid] ! details ( ! /ory dep5d5t ^u 8 *oice1 9 s f> z he *ose ! subject = _! sake1--he *ose1 ,i say1 a w\nd & n an inw>d di/emp]1 because ! mo/ pa9ful sickness fails to impress u z vividly z an outw>d hurt4 ,! inw>d sympa!tic fire :i* consum$ ,meleag] :5 8 "m sacrific$ him 9 ! br& to h] si/]ly fury1 w\ld !re=e be less dramatic ?an a w\nd4 ,?is w\nd1 moreov]1 0 a div9e puni%m5t4 ,9 x a fi]c] ?an any natural poison rag$ unceas+ly1 & at appo9t$ int]vals an access ( int5s] pa9 occurr$1 always foll[$ by a heavy sleep1 :]e9 exhau/$ nature acquir$ ! ne$$ /r5g? = ent]+ aga9 ^u ! same c\rse ( pa94 ,*ateaubrun repres5ts him z w\nd$ simply by ! poison$ arr[ ( a ,trojan4 ,b s common an accid5t gives small scope = extraord9>y results4 ,e "o 0 expos$ to x 9 ! old w>s2 :y 7 ! consequ5ces s t]rible only 9 ! case ( ,philoctetes8 ,a natural poison t %\ld "w = n9e ye>s )\t de/roy+ life is f> m improbable ?an all ! fabul\s miracul\s elem5ts ) :i* ! ,greek deck$ out 8 tale4 #b4 ,b great & t]rible z he made ! physical suff]+s ( 8 h]o1 he 0 well aw>e t ^! alone w\ld n suffice to excite any s5sible degree ( sympa?y4 ,he jo9$ ) !m1 !re=e1 o!r evils1 also insuffici5t ( !mselves to move u greatly1 b receiv+ f ?is connection a d>k] hue ( trag$y1 :i* 9 turn react$ ^u ! bodily pa94 ,^! evils 7 complete loss ( human companion%ip1 hung]1 & all ! discom=ts att5dant on exposure to an inclem5t sky :5 ?us b]eft4#bf ,imag9e a man "u ^! circum/ances1 b 9 possession ( heal?1 /r5g?1 & indu/ry1 & we h a ,rob9son ,crusoe1 :o has little claim to our compassion1 ?\gh we are by no means indiff]5t to 8 fate4 ,= we are seldom s ?or\ghly cont5t ) human society z n to f9d a c]ta9 *>m 9 ?9k+ ( ! repose to be enjoy$ )\t its pale2 m p>ticul>ly z e "o flatt]s himself ) ! idea ( be+ able gradually to disp5se altoge!r ) ! help ( o!rs4 ,aga91 imag9e a man suff]+ f ! mo/ pa9ful ( incurable maladies1 b surr\nd$ by k9d fri5ds :o let him want = no?+1 :o relieve 8 pa9 by all ! means 9 _! p[]1 & are always ready to li/5 to 8 groans & compla9ts2 we %\ld pity him und\bt$ly1 b our compassion w\ld soon be exhau/$4 ,we %\ld pres5tly %rug our %\ld]s & c\nsel pati5ce4 ,only :5 all ^! ills unite 9 "o p]son1 :5 to solitude is add$ physical infirmity1 :5 ! sick man n only _c help himself1 b has no "o to help him1 & 8 groans die away on ! des]t air1--!n we see a wret* afflict$ by all ! ills to :i* human nature is expos$1 & ! v ?\ght ( putt+ ourselves 9 8 place = a mom5t fills u ) horror4 ,we see be=e u despair 9 its mo/ dreadful %ape1 & no compassion is /rong] or m melt+ ?an t connect$ ) ! idea ( despair4 ,su* we feel = ,philoctetes1 especially at ! mom5t :51 robb$ ( 8 b[1 he loses ! only means left him ( support+ 8 mis]able exi/5ce4 ,alas = ! ,fr5*man :o _h n ! s5se to p]ceive ?is nor ! he>t to feel x6 or1 if he _h1 0 petty en\gh to sacrifice x all to ! pitiful ta/e ( 8 nation6 ,*ateaubrun gives ,philoctetes companion%ip by introduc+ a pr9cess into 8 des]t isl&4 ,nei!r is %e alone1 b has ) h] a lady ( honor3 a ?+ app>5tly z mu* ne$$ by ! poet z by ! pr9cess4 ,all ! admirable play ) ! b[ he has left out & introduc$ 9 its /ead ! play ( bright eyes4 ,! h]oic y\? ( ,france w\ld 9 tru? h made !mselves v m]ry ov] a b[ & arr[s1 :]eas no?+ is m s]i\s to !m ?an ! displeasure ( bright eyes4 ,! ,greek h>r[s u ) fe> le/ ! wret*$ ,philoctetes %\ld be =c$ to rema9 on ! isl& )\t 8 b[1 & !re mis]ably p]i%4 ,! ,fr5*man f\nd a sur] way to our he>ts by mak+ u fe> t ! son ( ,a*illes w\ld h to dep>t )\t 8 pr9cess4 ,& ?is is call$ by ! ,p>isian critics triumph+ ov] ! anci5ts4 ,"o ( !m ev5 propos$ to "n ,*ateaubrun's piece 8,la difficult va9cue40#bg #c4 ,turn+ n[ f ! effect ( ! :ole1 let u exam9e ! sep>ate sc5es :]e9 ,philoctetes is no long] ! =sak5 suff]]1 b has hope ( leav+ ! dre>y isl& & return+ to 8 k+dom4 ,8 ills are !re=e n[ conf9$ entirely to 8 pa9ful w\nd4 ,he moans1 he cries1 he goes ?r\gh ! mo/ hide\s contortions4 ,aga9/ ?is sc5e objections on ! score ( (f5d$ propriety may ) mo/ reason be br\ght4 ,!y come f an ,engli%man1 a man1 !re=e1 n readily to be suspect$ ( false delicacy4 ,z already h9t$1 he supports 8 objections by v good argum5ts4 8,all feel+s & passions10 he says1 8) :i* o!rs c h little sympa?y1 become (f5sive if too viol5tly express$40#bh 8,x is = ! same reason t to cry out ) bodily pa91 h[ intol]able soev]1 appe>s always unmanly & unbecom+4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a good deal ( sympa?y ev5 ) bodily pa94 ,if ,i see a /roke aim$ & j ready to fall ^u ! leg or arm ( ano!r p]son1 ,i naturally %riek & draw back my own leg or my own arm2 & :5 x does fall1 ,i feel x 9 "s measure & am hurt by x z well z ! suff]]4 ,my hurt1 h[ev]1 is no d\bt excessively slight1 &1 ^u t acc\nt1 if he makes any viol5t outcry1 z ,i _c g along ) him1 ,i nev] fail to despise him40 ,no?+ is m deceptive ?an ! lay+ d[n ( g5]al laws = our emotions4 ,_! web is s f9e & intricate t ! mo/ cauti\s speculation is h>dly able to take up a s+le ?read & trace x ?r\gh all its int]lac+s4 ,& if x c\ld1 :at %\ld we ga98 ,!re is 9 nature no s+le1 unmix$ emotion4 ,) e "o spr+ up a ?\s& o!rs1 ! mo/ insignificant ( :i* ess5tially modifies ! orig9al "o1 s t exception aft] exception arises until our suppos$ univ]sal law %r9ks into a m]e p]sonal exp]i5ce 9 a few individual cases4 ,we despise a man1 says ! ,engli%man1 :om we he> cry+ out "u bodily pa94 ,b n always2 n ! fir/ "t2 n :5 we see t ! suff]] does all 9 8 p[] to suppress expressions ( pa92 n :5 we "k him to be o!rwise a man ( resolution3 /ill less :5 we see him giv+ pro( ( firmness 9 ! mid/ ( 8 suff]+2 :5 we see t pa91 ?\gh x extort a cry1 c extort no?+ fur!r2 t he submits to a cont9uance ( ! angui% r ?an yield a jot ( 8 op9ions or resolves1 al?\gh su* a concession w\ld end 8 woes4 ,all ?is we f9d 9 ,philoctetes4 ,to ! old ,greek m9d moral greatness consi/$ 9 un*ang+ love ( fri5ds z well z unfalt]+ hatr$ ( enemies4 ,?is greatness ,philoctetes pres]ves ?r\gh all 8 tortures4 ,8 own griefs h n s exhau/$ 8 te>s t he has none to %$ ov] ! fate ( 8 old fri5ds4 ,8 suff]+s h n s en]vat$ him t1 to be free f !m1 he w\ld =give 8 enemies & l5d himself to _! selfi% ends4 ,& did ?is man ( rock des]ve to be despis$ by ! ,a!nians1 because ! waves1 t c\ld n %ake him1 wrung f him a moan8 ,i confess to hav+ little ta/e = ! philosophy ( ,cic]o 9 g5]al1 b p>ticul>ly di/a/eful to me are 8 views ) reg>d to ! endurance ( bodily pa9 set =? 9 ! second book ( 8 ,tusculan ,disputations4 ,"o w\ld suppose1 f 8 abhorr5ce ( all expressions ( bodily pa91 t he 0 tra9+ a gladiator4 ,he seems to see 9 su* expressions only impati5ce1 n consid]+ t !y are (t5 :olly involunt>y1 & t true c\rage c be %[n 9 none b volunt>y actions4 ,9 ! play ( ,sophocles he he>s only ! cries & compla9ts ( ,philoctetes & ov]looks altoge!r 8 o!rwise resolute be>+4 ,else :at excuse = 8 rhetorical outbreak aga9/ ! poets8 8,!y w\ld make u effem9ate by introduc+ ! brave/ ( _! w>riors z compla9+40 ,!y %\ld compla91 = ! !atre is no ar5a4 ,! condemn$ or hir$ gladiator 0 b\nd to d & be> ) grace4 ,no s\nd ( lam5tation mu/ be he>d1 no pa9ful contortion se54 ,8 w\nds & dea? 7 to amuse ! spectators1 & art mu/ !re=e tea* ! suppression ( all feel+4 ,! lea/ manife/ation ( x might h ar\s$ compassion1 & compassion (t5 excit$ w\ld soon h put an end to ! cruel %[s4 ,b :at is to be avoid$ 9 ! ar5a is ! v object ( ! tragic /age1 & "h1 !re=e1 demeanor ( exactly ! opposite k9d is requir$4 ,! h]oes on ! /age mu/ %[ feel+1 mu/ express _! suff]+s1 & give free c\rse to nature4 ,any appe>ance ( art & con/ra9t represses sympa?y4 ,box]s 9 busk9 c at mo/ excite our admiration4 ,?is t]m may fitly be appli$ to ! s-call$ ,s5ecan trag$ies4 ,i am conv9c$ t ! gladiatorial %[s 7 ! *ief reason :y ! ,romans nev] atta9$ ev5 to m$iocrity 9 _! trag$ies4 ,9 ! bloody amphi!atre ! spectators lo/ all acqua9tance ) nature4 ,a ,ctesias might h /udi$ 8 art !re1 nev] a ,sophocles4 ,! greate/ tragic g5ius1 accu/om$ to ^! artificial dea? sc5es1 c\ld n help deg5]at+ into bomba/ & rodomontade4 ,b z ^! 7 incapable ( inspir+ true h]oism1 s 7 ! compla9ts ( ,philoctetes incapable ( produc+ effem9acy4 ,! compla9ts are human1 :ile ! de$s are h]oic4 ,bo? toge!r make ! human h]o1 :o is nei!r effem9ate nor call\s1 b appe>s fir/ ! "o & !n ! o!r1 z n[ ,nature sways him1 & n[ pr9ciple & duty triumph4 ,?is is ! highe/ type t wisdom c create & art imitate4 #d4 ,sophocles1 n cont5t ) secur+ 8 suff]+ ,philoctetes aga9/ contempt1 has ev5 %ield$ him be=eh& f su* ho/ile criticism z t employ$ by ! ,engli%man4 ,?\gh we may n always despise a man :o cries out "u bodily pa91 we c]ta9ly d n feel t degree ( sympa?y ) him :i* 8 cry seems to dem&4 ,h[ !n %\ld ^? comport !mselves :o are ab\t ?is scream+ ,philoctetes8 ,%\ld !y appe> to be greatly mov$8 ,t 7 contr>y to nature4 ,%\ld !y seem z cold & emb>rass$ z ! by-/&] on su* occasions is apt actually to be8 ,su* a want ( h>mony w\ld (f5d ! spectator4 ,sophocles1 z ,i h said1 anticipat$ ?is & gu>d$ aga9/ x 9 ! foll[+ way1--he gave to ea* ( ! by-/&]s a subject ( p]sonal int]e/4 ,!y are n solely occupi$ ) ,philoctetes & 8 cries4 ,! att5tion ( ! spectator1 !re=e1 is direct$ to ! *ange wr\ght 9 ea* p]son's own views & designs by ! sympa?y excit$ 9 him1 :e!r /rong or weak1 n to ! disproportion betwe5 ! sympa?y itself & its excit+ cause4 ,neoptolemus & ! *orus h deceiv$ ! unhappy ,philoctetes1 & :ile p]ceiv+ ! despair !y are br++ ^u him !y behold him ov]p[]$ by "o ( 8 accesses ( pa94 ,ev5 %\ld ?is ar\se no great degree ( sympa?y 9 !m1 x mu/ at lea/ lead !m to self-exam9ation & prev5t _! increas+ by trea*]y a mis]y :i* !y _c b respect4 ,?is ! spectator looks =2 nor is 8 expectation disappo9t$ by ! magnanim\s ,neoptolemus4 ,_h ,philoctetes be5 ma/] ( 8 suff]+1 ,neoptolemus w\ld h p]sev]$ 9 8 deceit4 ,philoctetes1 depriv$ by pa9 ( all p[] ( dissimulation1 necess>y z t seems to prev5t 8 future travell+ companion f rep5t+ too soon ( 8 promise to take him ) him1 ,philoctetes1 by 8 naturalness1 recalls ,neoptolemus to nature4 ,! conv]sion is admirable1 & all ! m affect+ = be+ br\ght ab\t by unaid$ human nature4 ,! ,fr5*man _h rec\rse aga9 "h to ! bright eyes4 8,de mes dguisem5ts que p5s]ait ,sophie80 says ! son ( ,a*illes4 ,b ,i w ?9k no m ( ?is p>ody4 ,sophocles1 9 8,! ,tra*9i10 makes use ( ?is same exp$i5t ( comb9+ 9 ! by-/&]s ano!r emotion ) ! compassion excit$ by a cry ( physical pa94 ,! pa9 ( ,h]cules has no en]vat+ effect1 b drives him to madness4 ,he ?ir/s = v5geance1 &1 9 8 fr5zy1 has already seiz$ ^u ,li*as & da%$ him 9 pieces aga9/ ! rock4 ,! *orus is compos$ ( wom5 :o are naturally ov]p[]$ ) fe> & horror4 ,_! t]ror1 & ! d\bt :e!r a god w ha/5 to ,h]cules' relief1 or :e!r he w fall a victim to 8 mis=tune1 make ! *ief int]e/ ( ! piece ) b a slight t+e ( compassion4 ,z soon z ! issue has be5 decid$ by ! oracle1 ,h]cules gr[s calm1 & all o!r feel+s are lo/ 9 our admiration ( 8 f9al decision4 ,b we mu/ n =get1 :5 comp>+ ! suff]+ ,h]cules ) ! suff]+ ,philoctetes1 t "o is a demi-god1 ! o!r b a man4 ,! man is nev] a%am$ to compla92 b ! demi-god feels %ame t 8 mortal "p has s f> triumph$ ov] 8 immortal1 t he %\ld weep & groan l a girl4#bi ,we mod]ns d n believe 9 demi-gods1 b require our mo/ insignificant h]o to feel & act l "o4 ,t an actor c imitate ! cries & convulsions ( pa9 s closely z to produce illusion1 ,i nei!r d5y nor affirm4 ,if our actors _c1 ,i %\ld want to "k :e!r ,g>rick f\nd x equally impossible2 &1 if he c\ld n succe$1 ,i %\ld /ill h ! "r to assume a degree ( p]fection 9 ! act+ & declamation ( ! anci5ts ( :i* we ( to-day c =m no idea4 ,v4 ,"s critics ( antiquity argue t ! ,laocoon1 ?\gh a "w ( ,greek art1 mu/ date f ! "t ( ! emp]ors1 because x 0 copi$ f ! ,laocoon ( ,virgil4 ,( ! old] s*ol>s :o h held ?is op9ion ,i w m5tion only ,b>tolomu ,m>tiani1#cj & ( ! mod]ns1 ,montfaucon4#ca ,!y d\btless f\nd su* rem>kable agreem5t betwe5 ! "w ( art & ! poem t !y c\ld n believe ! same circum/ances1 by no means selfsugge/+ ones1 %\ld h occurr$ by accid5t to bo? sculptor & poet4 ,! "q !n arose to :om ! honor ( inv5tion belong$1 & !y assum$ ! probabilities to be decid$ly 9 favor ( ! poet4 ,!y appe>1 h[ev]1 to h =gott5 t a ?ird alt]native is possible4 ,! arti/ may n h copi$ ! poet any m ?an ! poet ! arti/2 b bo? p]haps drew _! mat]ial f "s old] s\rce1 :i*1 ,macrobius sugge/s1 might h be5 ,pis&]4#cb ,=1 :ile ! works ( ?is ,greek writ] 7 /ill 9 exi/5ce1 ! fact 0 famili> to e s*oolboy t ! ,roman poet's :ole second book1 ! entire conque/ & de/ruction ( ,troy1 0 n s mu* imitat$ z lit]ally translat$ f ! old] writ]4 ,if !n ,pis&] 0 ,virgil's pr$ecessor 9 ! hi/ory ( ,laocoon also1 ! ,greek arti/s did n ne$ to draw _! mat]ial f a ,lat9 poet1 & ?is !ory ( ! date ( ! gr\p loses its support4 ,if ,i 7 =c$ to ma9ta9 ! op9ion ( ,m>tiani & ,montfaucon1 ,i %\ld escape f ! difficulty 9 ?is way4 ,pis&]'s poems are lo/1 & we c nev] "k ) c]ta9ty h[ he told ! /ory ( ,laocoon4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 he n>rat$ x ) ! same att5dant circum/ances ( :i* we /ill f9d traces 9 ! ,greek au?ors4 ,n[ ^! d n 9 ! lea/ agree ) ! v]sion ( ,virgil1 :o mu/ h reca/ ! ,greek tradition to suit himself4 ,! fate ( ,laocoon1 z he tells x1 is q 8 own inv5tion1 s t ! arti/s1 if _! repres5tation h>monize ) 81 may fairly be suppos$ to h liv$ aft] 8 "t1 & h us$ 8 description z _! model4 ,qu9tus ,calab] inde$1 l ,virgil1 makes ,laocoon express suspicion ( ! wood5 horse2 b ! wra? ( ,m9]va1 :i* he !reby incurs1 is v diff]5tly manife/$4 ,z ! ,trojan utt]s 8 w>n+1 ! e>? trembles b5ea? him1 pa9 & t]ror fall ^u him2 a burn+ pa9 rages 9 8 eyes2 8 bra9 gives way2 he raves2 he becomes bl9d4 ,aft] 8 bl9dness1 s9ce he /ill cont9ues to advise ! burn+ ( ! wood5 horse1 ,m9]va s5ds two t]rible dragons1 :i*1 h[ev]1 attack only ,laocoon's *ildr54 ,9 va9 !y /ret* out _! h&s to _! fa!r4 ,! poor bl9d man _c help !m4 ,!y are torn & mangl$1 & ! s]p5ts glide away into ! gr\nd1 do+ no injury to ,laocoon himself4 ,t ?is 0 n peculi> to ,qu9tus1#cc b mu/ h be5 g5]ally accept$1 appe>s f a passage 9 ,lycophron1 :]e ^! s]p5ts receive ! "n ( 8*ildeat]s40#cd ,b if ?is circum/ance 7 g5]ally accept$ among ! ,greeks1 ,greek arti/s w\ld h>dly h v5tur$ to dep>t f x4 ,or1 if !y made v>iations1 ^! w\ld n be likely to be ! same z ^? ( a ,roman poet1 _h !y n kn[n him & p]haps be5 especially commission$ to use him z _! model4 ,we mu/ insi/ on ?is po9t1 ,i ?9k1 if we w\ld uphold ,m>tiani & ,montfaucon4 ,virgil is ! fir/ & only "o#ce :o repres5ts bo? fa!r & *ildr5 z dev\r$ by ! s]p5ts2 ! sculptors h done ?is also1 al?\gh1 z ,greeks1 !y %\ld n2 probably1 !re=e1 !y did x 9 consequ5ce ( ,virgil's example4 ,i am well aw>e t ?is probability falls f> %ort ( hi/orical c]ta9ty4 ,b s9ce ,i mean to draw no hi/orical conclusions f x1 we may be all[$ to use x z an hypo!sis on :i* to base our rem>ks4 ,let u suppose1 !n1 t ! sculptors us$ ,virgil z _! model1 & see 9 :at way !y w\ld h copi$ him4 ,! cry has be5 already discuss$4 ,a fur!r comp>ison may p]haps lead to n less in/ructive results4 ,! idea ( coil+ ! murd]\s s]p5ts ab\t bo? fa!r & sons1 ty+ !m ?us into "o knot1 is c]ta9ly a v happy "o1 & betrays great picturesqu5ess ( fancy4 ,^: 0 x8 ! poet's or ! arti/'s8 ,montfaucon ?9ks x is n to be f\nd 9 ! poem2#cf b1 9 my op9ion1 he has n read ! passage ) suffici5t c>e4 ,illi agm9e c]to ,laocoonta petunt1 et primum p>va duorum ,corpora natorum s]p5s amplexus ut]que ,implicat et mis]os morsu depascitur artus4 ,po/ ipsum1 auxilio subeuntem et tela f]5tem1 ,corripiunt spirisque ligant +5tibus4#cg ,! poet has describ$ ! s]p5ts z be+ ( a wond]ful l5g?4 ,!y h w\nd _! coils ab\t ! boys & seize ! fa!r also 7corripiunt7 z he comes to _! aid4 ,ow+ to _! great l5g? !y c\ld n 9 an in/ant h dis5gag$ !mselves f ! boys4 ,!re mu/ !re=e h be5 a mom5t :5 ! heads & =w>d p>ts ( ! bodies _h attack$ ! fa!r :ile ! boys 7 /ill held imprison$ 9 ! h9dmo/ coils4 ,su* a mom5t is unavoidable 9 ! progress ( ! poetic picture2 & ! poet makes x abundantly manife/1 ?\gh t 0 n ! "t to describe x 9 detail4 ,a passage 9 ,donatus#ch seems to prove t ! old comm5tators 7 consci\s ( x2 & !re 0 /ill less likelihood ( its escap+ ! notice ( arti/s ^: tra9$ eye 0 quick to p]ceive any ?+ t c\ld be turn$ to _! advantage4 ,! poet c>efully leaves ,laocoon's arms free t he may h ! full use ( 8 h&s4 ,ille simul manibus t5dit divell]e nodos4#ci ,9 ?is po9t ! arti/ mu/ necess>ily h foll[$ him2 = no?+ contributes m to ! expression ( life & motion ?an ! action ( ! h&s4 ,9 repres5tations ( passion1 especially1 ! mo/ speak+ c\nt5ance is ineffective )\t x4 ,arms fa/5$ close to ! body by ! s]p5ts' coils w\ld h made ! :ole gr\p cold & dead4 ,we consequ5tly see !m 9 full activity1 bo? 9 ! ma9 figure & ! less] ones1 & mo/ active :]e = ! mom5t ! pa9 is %>pe/4 ,) ! exception ( ?is fre$om ( ! arms1 !re 01 h[ev]1 no?+ 9 ! poet's mann] ( coil+ ! s]p5ts :i* c\ld be turn$ to acc\nt by ! arti/s4 ,virgil w9ds !m twice r\nd ! body & twice r\nd ! neck ( ,laocoon1 & lets _! heads t[] high above him4 ,bis m$ium amplexi1 bis collo squamea circum ,t]ga dati1 sup]ant capite et c]vicibus altis4#dj ,?is description satisfies our imag9ation completely4 ,! noble/ p>ts ( ! body are compress$ to suffocation1 & ! poison is aim$ directly at ! face4 ,x furni%$1 h[ev]1 no picture = ! arti/1 :o w\ld %[ ! physical effects ( ! poison & ! pa94 ,to r5d] ^! conspicu\s1 ! nobl] p>ts ( ! body mu/ be left z free z possible1 subject$ to no outw>d pressure :i* w\ld *ange & weak5 ! play ( ! suff]+ n]ves & labor+ muscles4 ,! d\ble coils w\ld h conceal$ ! :ole trunk & r5d]$ invisible t mo/ expressive contraction ( ! abdom54 ,:at ( ! body w\ld be di/+ui%able above or bel[ or betwe5 ! coils w\ld h be5 swoll5 & compress$1 n by inw>d pa9 b by outw>d viol5ce4 ,s _m r+s ab\t ! neck w\ld h de/roy$ ! pyramidal %ape ( ! gr\p :i* is n[ pleas+ to ! eye1 :ile ! po9t$ heads ( ! s]p5ts project+ f> above ?is huge mass1 w\ld h be5 su* a violation ( ! rules ( proportion t ! effect ( ! :ole w\ld h be5 made repulsive 9 ! extreme4 ,!re h be5 design]s s devoid ( p]ception z to foll[ ! poet implicitly4 ,"o example ( ! hide\s result may be f\nd among ! illu/rations by ,francis ,cleyn4#da ,! old sculptors saw at a glance t _! art requir$ a totally diff]5t treatm5t4 ,!y transf]r$ all ! coils f ! trunk & neck to ! ?ighs & feet1 p>ts :i* might be conceal$ & compress$ )\t injury to ! expression4 ,by ?is means !y also convey$ ! idea ( arre/$ flight1 & a c]ta9 immobility v favorable to ! arbitr>y cont9uance ( "o po/ure4 ,i "k n h[ x happ5s t ! critics h pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce ?is m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! coils 9 ! m>ble & 9 ! poem4 ,x reveals ! wisdom ( ! arti/ q z mu* z ano!r diff]5ce :i* !y all comm5t ^u1 ?\gh r by way ( excuse ?an ( praise1--! diff]5ce 9 ! dress4 ,virgil's ,laocoon is 9 8 prie/ly robes1 :ile 9 ! gr\p he1 z well z 8 two sons1 appe>s completely nak$4 ,"s p]sons1 x is said1 f9d a great incongruity 9 ! fact t a k+'s son1 a prie/1 %\ld be repres5t$ nak$ :5 (f]+ a sacrifice4 ,to ?is ! critics answ] 9 all s]i\sness t x is1 to be sure1 a violation ( usage b t ! arti/s 7 driv5 to x f inability to give _! figures suitable clo?+4 ,sculpture1 !y say1 _c imitate /uffs4 ,?ick folds produce a bad effect4 ,( two evils !y h !re=e *os5 ! less]1 & pref]r$ to (f5d aga9/ tru? r ?an be necess>ily faulty 9 drap]y4#db ,! old arti/s might h laugh$ at ! objection1 b ,i "k n :at !y w\ld h said to ?is mann] ( answ]+ x4 ,no great] insult c\ld be paid to art4 ,suppose sculpture c\ld imitate diff]5t textures z well z pa9t+1 w\ld ,laocoon necess>ily h be5 drap$8 ,%\ld we lose no?+ by drap]y8 ,has a g>m5t1 ! "w ( slavi% h&s1 z mu* beauty z an organiz$ body1 ! "w ( et]nal wisdom8 ,does ! imitation ( ! "o require ! same skill1 involve ! same m]it1 br+ ! same honor z ! imitation ( ! o!r8 ,d our eyes require b to be deceiv$1 & is x a matt] ( indiff]5ce to !m ) :at !y are deceiv$8 ,9 poetry a robe is no robe4 ,x conceals no?+4 ,our imag9ation sees ?r\gh x 9 e "p4 ,:e!r ,virgil's ,laocoon be clo!d or n1 ! agony 9 e fibre ( 8 body is equally visible4 ,! br[ is b\nd ) ! prie/ly fillet1 b n conceal$4 ,nay1 s f> f be+ a h9d]ance1 ! fillet r /r5g!ns our impression ( ! suff]]'s agony4 ,p]fusus sanie vittas atroque v55o4#dc ,8 prie/ly dignity avails him no?+4 ,! v badge ( x1 :i* w9s him univ]sal consid]ation & respect1 is saturat$ & desecrat$ ) ! poison\s slav]4 ,b ?is subord9ate idea ! arti/ _h to sacrifice to ! g5]al effect4 ,_h he reta9$ ev5 ! fillet1 8 "w w\ld h lo/ 9 expression f ! p>tial concealm5t ( ! br[ :i* is ! seat ( expression4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! cry he sacrific$ expression to beauty1 he "h sacrific$ conv5tionality to expression4 ,conv5tionality1 inde$1 0 held ( small acc\nt among ! anci5ts4 ,!y felt t art1 9 ! atta9m5t ( beauty1 its true end1 c\ld disp5se ) conv5tionalities altoge!r4 ,necessity inv5t$ clo!s1 b :at has art to d ) necessity8 ,!re is a beauty ( drap]y1 ,i admit2 b x is no?+ z comp>$ ) ! beauty ( ! human =m4 ,w he :o c atta9 to ! great] re/ cont5t ) ! less]8 ,i fe> t ! mo/ accompli%$ ma/] 9 drap]y1 by 8 v dext]ity1 proves 8 weakness4 ,,vi4 ,my supposition t ! arti/s imitat$ ! poet is no disp>agem5t to !m4 ,on ! contr>y ! mann] ( _! imitation reflects ! greate/ cr$it on _! wisdom4 ,!y foll[$ ! poet )\t suff]+ him 9 ! smalle/ p>ticul> to mislead !m4 ,a model 0 set !m1 b ! task ( transf]r+ x f "o art into ano!r gave !m abundant opportunity = indep5d5t ?\ght4 ,! orig9ality manife/$ 9 _! deviations f ! model proves !m to h be5 no less great 9 _! art ?an ! poet 0 9 84 ,n[1 rev]s+ ! matt]1 ,i w suppose ! poet to be work+ aft] ! model set him by ! arti/s4 ,?is is a supposition ma9ta9$ by v>i\s s*ol>s4#dd ,i "k ( no hi/orical argum5ts 9 favor ( _! op9ion4 ,! "w appe>$ to !m ( su* exce$+ beauty t !y c\ld n believe x to be ( comp>atively rec5t date4 ,x mu/ h be5 made :5 art 0 at its p]fection1 because x 0 wor?y ( t p]iod4 ,we h se5 t1 admirable z ,virgil's picture is1 !re are yet traits 9 x unavailable = ! arti/4 ,! say+ !re=e requires "s modification1 t a good poetical description mu/ make a good picture1 & t a poet describes well only 9 s f> z 8 details may be us$ by ! arti/4 ,ev5 )\t ! pro( furni%$ by examples1 we %\ld be incl9$ to pr$icate su* limitation f a consid]ation ( ! wid] sph]e ( poetry1 ! inf9ite range ( our imag9ation1 & ! intangibility ( its images4 ,^! may /& side by side 9 ! greate/ numb] & v>iety )\t concealm5t or detrim5t to any1 j z ! objects !mselves or _! natural symbols w\ld 9 ! n>r[ limits ( "t or space4 ,b if ! small] _c conta9 ! great] x c be conta9$ 9 ! great]4 ,9 o!r words1 if n e trait employ$ by ! descriptive poet c produce an equally good effect on canvas or 9 m>ble1 c e trait ( ! arti/ be equally effective 9 ! "w ( ! poet8 ,und\bt$ly2 = :at pleases u 9 a "w ( art pleases n ! eye1 b ! imag9ation ?r\gh ! eye4 ,! same picture1 :e!r pres5t$ to ! imag9ation by arbitr>y or natural signs1 mu/ always give u a simil> pleasure1 ?\gh n always 9 ! same degree4 ,b ev5 grant+ ?is1 ,i confess t ! idea ( ,virgil's hav+ imitat$ ! arti/s is m inconceivable to me ?an ! contr>y hypo!sis4 ,if ! arti/s copi$ ! poet1 ,i c acc\nt = all _! deviations4 ,diff]5ces w\ld necess>ily h aris51 because _m traits employ$ by him ) good effect w\ld 9 _! "w h be5 objectionable4 ,b :y su* deviations 9 ! poet8 ,w\ld he n h giv5 u an admirable picture by copy+ ! gr\p fai?fully 9 e p>ticul>8#de ,i c p]fectly und]/& h[ 8 fancy1 work+ indep5d5tly1 %\ld h sugge/$ to him ?is & t feature1 b ,i see no reason :y 8 judgm5t %\ld h ?\ght x necess>y to trans=m ! beauties t 7 be=e 8 eyes into ^! diff]+ ones4 ,x ev5 seems to me t1 _h ,virgil us$ ?is gr\p z 8 model1 he c\ld h>dly h cont5t$ himself ) leav+ ! g5]al embrace ( ! ?ree bodies )9 ! s]p5ts' folds to be ?us guess$ at4 ,! impression ^u 8 eye w\ld h be5 s vivid & admirable1 t he c\ld n h fail$ to give ! position great] prom95ce 9 8 description4 ,z ,i h said1 t 0 n ! "t to dwell ^u its details2 b ! addition ( a s+le ^w might h put a decisive emphasis ^u x1 ev5 9 ! %ad[ 9 :i* ! poet 0 con/ra9$ to leave x4 ,:at ! arti/ c\ld pres5t )\t t ^w1 ! poet w\ld n h fail$ to express by x1 _h ! "w ( art be5 be=e him4 ,! arti/ _h imp]ative reasons = n all[+ ! suff]+s ( 8 ,laocoon to break out into cries4 ,b if ! poet _h _h be=e him 9 ! m>ble ?is t\*+ union ( pa9 ) beauty1 he w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 "u no necessity ( disreg>d+ ! idea ( manly dignity & magnanim\s pati5ce aris+ f x & mak+ 8 ,laocoon sudd5ly />tle u ) t t]rible cry4 ,ri*>dson says t ,virgil's ,laocoon ne$$ to scream1 because ! poet's object 0 n s mu* to excite compassion = him z to ar\se fe> & horror among ! ,trojans4 ,?is ,i am ready to grant1 al?\gh ,ri*>dson appe>s n to h consid]$ t ! poet is n giv+ ! description 9 8 own p]son1 b puts x into ! m\? ( neas1 :o1 9 8 n>ration to ,dido1 sp>$ no pa9s to ar\se h] compassion4 ,! cry1 h[ev]1 is n :at surprises me1 b ! abs5ce ( all int]m$iate /ages ( emotion1 :i* ! m>ble c\ld n h fail$ to sugge/ to ! poet if1 z we are suppos+1 he _h us$ t z 8 model4 ,ri*>dson goes on to say1 t ! /ory ( ,laocoon 0 meant only z an introduction to ! pa!tic description ( ! f9al de/ruction ( ,troy1 & t ! poet 0 !re=e anxi\s n to div]t to ! mis=tunes ( a private citiz5 ! att5tion :i* %\ld be conc5trat$ on ! la/ dreadful night ( a great city4#df ,b ?is is a pa9t]'s po9t ( view1 & "h inadmissible4 ,9 ! poem1 ! fate ( ,laocoon & ! de/ruction ( ! city d n /& side by side z 9 a picture4 ,!y =m no s+le :ole to be embrac$ at "o glance1 9 :i* case alone !re w\ld h be5 dang] ( hav+ ! eye m attract$ by ! ,laocoon ?an by ! burn+ city4 ,! two descriptions succe$ ea* o!r1 & ,i fail to see h[ ! deepe/ emotion produc$ by ! fir/ c\ld prejudice ! "o t foll[s4 ,any want ( effect 9 ! second mu/ be ow+ to its inh]5t want ( pa?os4 ,/ill less reason w\ld ! poet h _h = alt]+ ! s]p5ts' coils4 ,9 ! m>ble !y occupy ! h&s & encumb] ! feet1 an arrangem5t n less impressive to ! imag9ation ?an satisfactory to ! eye4 ,! picture is s di/9ct & cle> t words c sc>cely make x pla9] ?an natural signs4 ,micat alt] et ipsum ,laocoonta petit1 totumque infraque supraque ,implicat et rabido t&em f]it ilia morsu4 ,at s]p5s lapsu crebro r$eunte sub9trat ,lubricus1 intortoque ligat g5ua infima nodo4 ,^! l9es are by ,sadolet4 ,!y w\ld d\btless h come ) great] picturesqu5ess f ,virgil1 _h 8 fancy be5 fir$ by ! visible model4 ,"u ^? circum/ances he w\ld c]ta9ly h writt5 bett] l9es ?an ^? we n[ h ( him4 ,bis m$ium amplexi1 bis collo squamea circum ,t]ga dati1 sup]ant capite et c]vicibus altis4 ,^! details satisfy ! imag9ation1 x is true2 b n if we dwell ^u !m & try to br+ !m di/9ctly be=e u4 ,we mu/ look n[ at ! s]p5ts1 & n[ at ,laocoon4 ,! mom5t we try to comb9e !m into "o picture1 ! gr\p+ beg9s to displease1 & appe> 9 ! highe/ degree unpicturesque4 ,b ^! deviations f 8 suppos$ model1 ev5 if n un=tunate1 7 entirely arbitr>y4 ,imitation is int5d$ to produce lik5ess1 b h[ c lik5ess result f ne$less *anges8 ,su* *anges r %[ t ! int5tion 0 n to produce lik5ess1 consequ5tly t !re has be5 no imitation4 ,p]haps n ( ! :ole1 "s may urge1 b ( c]ta9 p>ts4 ,good2 b :at are ! p>ts s exactly correspond+ 9 ! m>ble & 9 ! poem1 t ! poet might seem to h borr[$ !m f ! sculptor8 ,! fa!r1 ! *ildr51 & ! s]p5ts1 bo? poet & sculptor receiv$ f hi/ory4 ,except :at is traditional 9 bo?1 !y agree 9 no?+ b ! s+le circum/ance t fa!r & sons are b\nd by ! s]p5ts' coils into a s+le knot4 ,b ?is arose f ! new v]sion1 accord+ to :i* fa!r & sons 7 involv$ 9 a common de/ruction1--a v]sion1 z already %[n1 to be attribut$ r to ,virgil1 s9ce ! ,greek traditions tell ! /ory diff]5tly4 ,if1 !n1 !re %\ld h be5 any imitation "h1 x is m likely to h be5 on ! side ( ! arti/ ?an ( ! poet4 ,9 all o!r respects _! repres5tations diff]1 b 9 su* a way t ! deviations1 if made by ! arti/1 are p]fectly consi/5t ) an int5tion to copy ! poet1 be+ su* z ! sph]e & limitations ( 8 art w\ld impose on him4 ,!y are1 on ! contr>y1 s _m argum5ts aga9/ ! suppos$ imitation ( ! sculptor by ! poet4 ,^? :o1 9 ! face ( ^! objections1 /ill ma9ta9 ?is supposition1 c only mean t ! gr\p is old] ?an ! poem4 ,,vii4 ,:5 we speak ( an arti/ z imitat+ a poet or a poet an arti/1 we may mean "o ( two ?+s1--ei!r t "o makes ! "w ( ! o!r 8 actual model1 or t ! same orig9al is be=e !m bo?1 & "o borr[s f ! o!r ! mann] ( copy+ x4 ,:5 ,virgil describes ! %ield ( neas1 8 imitation ( ! arti/ :o made ! %ield is ( ! =m] k9d4 ,! "w ( art1 n :at x repres5ts1 is 8 model4 ,ev5 if he describe ! devices ^u x !y are describ$ z "p ( ! %ield1 n z indep5d5tly exi/+ objects4 ,_h ,virgil1 on ! o!r h&1 copi$ ! gr\p ( ! ,laocoon1 ?is w\ld h be5 an imitation ( ! second k9d4 ,he w\ld !n h be5 copy+1 n ! actual gr\p1 b :at ! gr\p repres5ts1 & w\ld h borr[$ f ! m>ble only ! details ( 8 copy4 ,9 imitations ( ! fir/ k9d ! poet is an orig9ator1 9 ^? ( ! second a copyi/4 ,! fir/ is "p ( ! univ]sal imitation :i* con/itutes ! v ess5ce ( 8 art1 & 8 "w is t ( a g5ius1 :e!r 8 model be nature or ! product ( o!r arts4 ,! second degrades him utt]ly4 ,in/ead ( ! ?+ itself1 he imitates its imitations1 & gives u a lifeless reflection ( ano!r's g5ius = orig9al t\*es ( 8 own4 ,9 ! by no means r>e cases :]e poet & arti/ mu/ /udy _! common orig9al f ! same po9t ( view1 _! copies _c b co9cide 9 _m respects1 al?\gh !re may h be5 no mann] ( imitation or emulation betwe5 !m4 ,^! co9cid5ces among contemporane\s arti/s & poets may lead to mutual illu/rations ( ?+s no long] pres5t to u4 ,b to try to help out ^! illu/rations by trac+ design :]e 0 only *ance1 & especially by attribut+ to ! poet at e detail a ref]5ce to ?is /atue or t picture1 is do+ him v d\btful s]vice4 ,nor is ! read] a ga9] by a process :i* r5d]s ! beautiful passages p]fectly intelligible1 no d\bt1 b at ! sacrifice ( all _! life4 ,?is is ! design & ! mi/ake ( a fam\s ,engli% "w by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,sp5ce1 entitl$1 8,polymetis2 or1 ,an inquiry conc]n+ ! agreem5t betwe5 ! works ( ! ,roman poets & ! rema9s ( ! anci5t arti/s1 be+ an attempt to illu/rate !m mutually f "o ano!r40#dg ,sp5ce has br\ght to 8 "w great classical le>n+ & a ?or\gh k ( ! surviv+ works ( anci5t art4 ,8 design ( us+ ^! z means to expla9 ! ,roman poets1 & mak+ ! poets 9 turn ?r[ light on works ( art hi!rto imp]fectly und]/ood1 has be5 9 _m in/ances happily accompli%$4 ,b ,i nev]!less ma9ta9 t to e read] ( ta/e 8 book mu/ be intol]able4 ,:5 ,val]ius ,flaccus describes ! w+$ ?und]bolts on ! %ields ( ! ,roman soldi]s1-- ,nec primus radios1 miles ,romane1 corusci ,fulm9is et rutilas scutis diffud]is alas1 ! description is naturally made m intelligible to me by see+ ! repres5tation ( su* a %ield on an anci5t monum5t4#dh ,x is possible t ! old armor]s repres5t$ ,m>s ^u helmets & %ields 9 ! same hov]+ attitude t ,addison ?\ght he saw him 9 ) ,rhea on an anci5t co91#di & t ,juv5al _h su* a helmet or %ield 9 m9d 9 t allusion ( 8 :i*1 till ,addison1 _h be5 a puzzle to all comm5tators4 ,! passage 9 ,ovid :]e ! we>i$ ,cephalus invokes ,aura1 ! cool+ zephyr1-- 8,aura 444 v5ias 444 ,meque juves1 intresque s9us1 gratissima1 no/ros10 & 8 ,procris takes ?is ,aura = ! "n ( a rival1--?is passage1 ,i confess1 seems to me m natural :5 ,i see t ! anci5ts 9 _! works ( art p]sonifi$ ! g5tle breezes1 &1 "u ! "n ,aur1 wor%ipp$ c]ta9 female sylphs4#ej ,i ackn[l$ge t :5 ,juv5al comp>es an idle patrician to a ,h]mes-column1 we %\ld h>dly p]ceive ! po9t ( ! comp>ison unless we _h se5 su* a column & knew x to be a poorly cut pill>1 be>+ ! head1 or at mo/ ! trunk1 ( ! god1 &1 ow+ to ! want ( h&s & feet1 sugge/+ ! idea ( inactivity4#ea ,illu/rations ( ?is k9d are n to be despis$1 ?\gh nei!r always necess>y nor always conclusive4 ,ei!r ! poet reg>d$ ! "w ( art n z a copy b z an indep5d5t orig9al1 or bo? arti/ & poet 7 embody+ c]ta9 accept$ ideas4 ,_! repres5tations w\ld necess>ily h _m po9ts ( resemblance1 :i* s]ve z s _m pro(s ( ! univ]sality ( ! ideas4 ,b :5 ,tibullus describes ,apollo z he appe>$ to him 9 a dream1--! faire/ ( y\?s1 8 temples wrea!d ) ! *a/e laurel1 ,syrian odors brea?+ f 8 gold5 hair t falls 9 ripples ov] 8 long neck1 8 :ole body z p9k & :ite z ! *eek ( ! bride :5 l$ to h] bridegroom1--:y ne$ ^! traits h be5 borr[$ f fam\s old pictures8 ,e*ion's 8nova nupta v]ecundia notabilis0 may h be5 9 ,rome & be5 copi$ ?\s&s ( times3 did t prove virg9 mode/y itself to h vani%$ f ! _w8 ,s9ce ! pa9t] saw x1 0 no poet to see x m save 9 ! pa9t]'s imitation8#eb ,or :5 ano!r poet speaks ( ,vulcan z we>i$ & 8 face r$d5$ by ! =ge1 did he ne$ a picture to tea* him t labor we>ies & heat r$d5s8#ec ,or :5 ,lucretius describes ! alt]nations ( ! seasons & br+s !m be=e u 9 ! ord] ( nature1 ) _! :ole tra9 ( effects on e>? & air1 0 ,lucretius ! creature ( a day8 _h he liv$ ?r\gh no entire ye> & se5 its *anges1 t he mu/ ne$s h tak5 8 description f a procession ( /atues repres5t+ ! seasons8 ,did he ne$ to le>n f /atues ! old poetic device ( mak+ actual be+s out ( su* ab/ractions8#ed ,or ,virgil's 8pontem indignatus ,araxes10 t admirable poetic picture ( a riv] ov]fl[+ its banks & te>+ d[n ! bridge t spans x1--d we n de/roy all its beauty by mak+ x simply a ref]5ce to "s "w ( art1 :]e9 ! riv] god 0 repres5t$ z actually demoli%+ a bridge8#ee ,:at d we want ( su* illu/rations :i* bani% ! poet f 8 own cle>e/ l9es to give u 9 8 place ! reflection ( "s arti/'s fancy8 ,i regret t ?is ta/eless conceit ( sub/itut+ = ! creations ( ! poet's own imag9ation a famili>ity ) ^? ( o!rs %\ld h r5d]$ a book1 s useful z ! ,polymetis might h be5 made1 z (f5sive z ! feeble/ comm5t>ies ( ! %all[e/ quibbl]s1 & f> m d]ogatory to ! classic au?ors4 ,/ill m d ,i regret t ,addison %\ld 9 ?is respect h be5 ! pr$ecessor ( ,sp5ce1 &1 9 8 praisewor?y desire to make ! old works ( art s]ve z int]pret]s1 h fail$ to discrim9ate betwe5 ^? cases :]e imitation ( ! arti/ w\ld be becom+ 9 ! poet1 & ^? :]e x w\ld be degrad+ to him4#ef ,,viii4 ,sp5ce has ! /range/ notions ( ! resemblance betwe5 pa9t+ & poetry4 ,he believes ! two arts to h be5 s closely connect$ among ! anci5ts t !y always w5t h& 9 h&1 ! poet nev] los+ sight ( ! pa9t]1 nor ! pa9t] ( ! poet4 ,t poetry has ! wid] sph]e1 t beauties are )9 h] rea* :i* pa9t+ c nev] atta91 t %e may (t5 see reason to pref] unpicturesque beauties to picturesque ones1--^! ?+s seem nev] to h occurr$ to him4 ,! slighte/ diff]5ce1 !re=e1 betwe5 ! old poets & arti/s ?r[s him into an emb>rassm5t f :i* x taxes all 8 +5uity to escape4 ,! poets g5]ally gave ,bac*us horns4 ,sp5ce is !re=e surpris$ t we seldom see ^! app5dages on 8 /atues4#eg ,he sugge/s "o reason & ano!r2 n[ ! ignorance ( ! antiqu>ians1 & aga9 8! smallness ( ! horns !mselves1 :i* 7 v likely to be hid "u ! cr[n ( grapes or ivy :i* is almo/ a con/ant ornam5t ( ! head ( ,bac*us40 ,he goes all r\nd ! true cause )\t ev] suspect+ x4 ,! horns ( ,bac*us 7 n a natural gr[? l ^? ( fauns & satyrs4 ,!y 7 ornam5ts :i* he c\ld assume or lay aside at pleasure4 ,tibi1 cum s9e cornibus ad/as1 ,virg9eum caput e/1 444 says ,ovid 9 8 solemn invocation to ,bac*us4#eh ,he c\ld !re=e %[ himself )\t horns1 & did1 9 fact1 ?us %[ himself :5 he wi%$ to appe> 9 8 virg9 beauty4 ,9 ?is =m arti/s w\ld *oose to repres5t him1 & necess>ily omitt$ all disagreeable accompanim5ts4 ,horns fa/5$ to ! diadem1 z we see !m on a head 9 ! royal museum 9 ,b]l91#ei w\ld h be5 a cumb]some app5dage1 z w\ld also ! diadem itself1 conceal+ ! beautiful br[4 ,= ?is reason ! diadem appe>s z r>ely z ! horns on ! /atues ( ,bac*us1 al?\gh1 z its inv5tor1 he is (t5 cr[n$ ) x by ! poets4 ,9 poetry bo? horns & diadem s]v$ z subtle allusions to ! de$s & "* ( ! god3 9 a picture or /atue !y w\ld h /ood 9 ! way ( great] beauties4 ,if ,bac*us1 z ,i believe1 receiv$ ! "n ( ,bi=mis1 1 f hav+ an aspect ( beauty z well z ( t]ror1 ! arti/s w\ld naturally h *os5 ! %ape be/ adapt$ to ! object ( _! art4 ,9 ! ,roman poets ,m9]va & ,juno (t5 hurl ! ?und]bolt4 ,:y are !y n s repres5t$ 9 art8 asks ,sp5ce4#fj ,he answ]s1 8,?is p[] 0 ! privilege ( ^! two goddesses1 ! reason ( :i* 01 p]haps1 fir/ le>nt 9 ! ,samo?racian my/]ies4 ,b s9ce1 among ! anci5t ,romans1 arti/s 7 consid]$ z ( inf]ior rank1 & !re=e r>ely initiat$ into !m1 !y w\ld d\btless "k no?+ ( !m2 & :at !y knew n ( !y cle>ly c\ld n repres5t40 ,i %\ld l to ask ,sp5ce :e!r ^! common p 7 work+ indep5d5tly1 or "u ! ord]s ( sup]iors :o might be initiat$ into ! my/]ies2 :e!r ! arti/s occupi$ su* a degrad$ position among ! ,greeks2 :e!r ! ,roman arti/s 7 n = ! mo/ "p ,greeks by bir?2 & s on4 ,/atius & ,val]ius ,flaccus describe an angry ,v5us ) su* t]rible features t we %\ld take h] at ! mom5t = a fury r ?an = ! goddess ( love4 ,sp5ce se>*es 9 va9 = su* a ,v5us among ! works ( anci5t art4 ,:at is 8 conclusion8 ,t m is all[$ to ! poet ?an to ! sculptor & pa9t]8 ,t %\ld h be5 8 inf]5ce4 ,b he has once = all e/abli%$ z a g5]al rule t 8sc>ce any ?+ c be good 9 a poetical description :i* w\ld appe> absurd if repres5t$ 9 a /atue or picture40#fa ,consequ5tly ! poets mu/ be wrong4 8,/atius & ,val]ius ,flaccus belong to an age :5 ,roman poetry 0 already 9 its decl9e4 ,9 ?is v passage !y display _! bad judgm5t & corrupt$ ta/e4 ,among ! poets ( a bett] age su* a repudiation ( ! laws ( arti/ic expression w nev] be f\nd40#fb ,su* criticism %[s small p[] ( discrim9ation4 ,i d n propose to und]take ! def5ce ( ei!r ,/atius or ,val]ius1 b w simply make a g5]al rem>k4 ,! gods & o!r spiritual be+s repres5t$ by ! arti/ are n precisely ! same z ^? introduc$ by ! poet4 ,to ! arti/ !y are p]sonifi$ ab/ractions :i* mu/ always be *>act]iz$ 9 ! same way1 or we fail to recognize !m4 ,9 poetry1 on ! contr>y1 !y are real be+s1 act+ & work+1 & possess+1 besides _! g5]al "*1 qualities & passions :i* may ^u occasion take prec$5ce4 ,v5us is to ! sculptor simply love4 ,he mu/ !re=e end[ h] ) all ! mode/ beauty1 all ! t5d] *>ms1 :i*1 z delight+ u 9 ! belov$ object1 g to make up our ab/ract idea ( love4 ,! lea/ dep>ture f ?is ideal prev5ts our recogniz+ h] image4 ,beauty di/+ui%$ m by maje/y ?an mode/y is no long] ,v5us b ,juno4 ,*>ms comm&+ & manly r ?an t5d]1 give u1 in/ead ( a ,v5us1 a ,m9]va4 ,a ,v5us all wra?1 a ,v5us urg$ by rev5ge & rage1 is to ! sculptor a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,= love1 z love1 nev] is angry1 nev] av5ges itself4 ,to ! poet1 ,v5us is love also1 b %e is ! goddess ( love1 :o has h] own individuality outside ( ?is "o *>act]i/ic1 & c !re=e be actuat$ by av]sion z well z affection4 ,:at wond]1 !n1 t 9 poetry %e blazes into ang] & rage1 especially "u ! provocation ( insult$ love8 ,! arti/1 inde$1 l ! poet1 may1 9 works compos$ ( sev]al figures1 introduce ,v5us or any o!r deity1 n simply by h] "o *>act]i/ic1 b z a liv+1 act+ be+4 ,b ! actions1 if n ! direct results ( h] "*1 mu/ n be at v>iance ) x4 ,v5us deliv]+ to h] son ! armor ( ! gods is a subject equally suitable to arti/ & poet4 ,= "h %e c be end[$ ) all ! grace & beauty befitt+ ! goddess ( love4 ,su* treatm5t w be ( advantage z help+ u ! m easily to recognize h]4 ,b :5 ,v5us1 int5t on rev5g+ h]self on h] contemn]s1 ! m5 ( ,lemnos1 wild1 9 colossal %ape1 ) *eeks inflam$ & di%evell$ hair1 seizes ! tor*1 &1 wrapp+ a black robe ab\t h]1 flies d[nw>d on ! /orm-cl\d1--t is no mom5t = ! pa9t]1 because he has no means ( mak+ u recognize h]4 ,! poet alone has ! privilege ( avail+ himself ( x4 ,he c unite x s closely ) "s o!r mom5t :5 ! goddess is ! true ,v5us1 t we d n 9 ! fury =get ! goddess ( love4 ,flaccus does ?is1-- ,neque enim alma vid]i ,jam tumet2 aut t]eti cr9em subnectitur auro1 ,sid]eos diffusa s9us4 ,eadem eff]a et +5s ,et maculis suffecta g5as2 p9umque sonantem ,virg9ibus ,/ygiis1 nigramque simillima pallam4#fc ,& ,/atius also1-- ,illa ,paphon vet]em c5tumque alt>ia l9qu5s1 ,nec vultu nec cr9e prior1 solvisse jugalem ,ce/on1 et ,idalias procul ablegasse volucres ,f]tur4 ,erant c]te1 m$ia qui noctis 9 umbra ,divam1 alios ignes majoraque tela g]5tem1 ,t>t>ias int] ?alamis volitasse sorores ,vulg>5t3 utque implicitis arcana domorum ,anguibus1 et sva =mid9e cuncta repl]it ,lim9a4#fd ,or1 we may say1 ! poet alone possesses ! art ( s comb9+ negative ) positive traits z to unite two appe>ances 9 "o4 ,no long] n[ ! t5d] ,v5us1 h] hair no m conf9$ ) gold5 clasps1 no azure drap]ies float+ ab\t h]1 )\t h] girdle1 arm$ ) o!r flames & l>g] arr[s1 ! goddess ha/es d[nw>d1 att5d$ by furies ( l aspect ) h]self4 ,mu/ ! poet ab/a9 f ! use ( ?is device because arti/s are deb>r$ f x8 ,if pa9t+ claim to be ! si/] ( poetry1 let ! y\ng] at lea/ n be jeal\s ( ! eld]1 nor seek to deprive h] ( ornam5ts unbecom+ to h]self4 ,,ix4 ,:5 we comp>e poet & pa9t] 9 p>ticul> in/ances1 we %\ld be c>eful to inquire :e!r bo? h _h entire fre$om1 & be5 all[$ to labor = ! highe/ results ( _! art )\t ! ex]cise ( any con/ra9t f )\t4 ,religion (t5 ex]cis$ su* con/ra9t ^u ! old arti/s4 ,a "w1 devotional 9 "*1 mu/ (t5 be less p]fect ?an "o int5d$ solely to produce pleasure4 ,sup]/ition load$ ! gods ) symbols :i* 7 n always rev]5c$ 9 proportion to _! beauty4 ,9 ! temple ( ,bac*us at ,lemnos1 f :i* ! pi\s ,hypsipyle rescu$ h] fa!r "u ! guise ( ! deity1#fe ! god 0 repres5t$ horn$4 ,s he d\btless appe>$ 9 all 8 temples1 ! horns be+ symbols typical ( 8 nature & functions4 ,! unfett]$ arti/1 ^: ,bac*us 0 n design$ = a temple1 omitt$ ! symbol4 ,if1 among ! /atues ( ! god t rema9 to u1 we f9d none ) horns1#ff t circum/ance p]haps proves t none ( !m 7 sacr$ /atues1 repres5t+ ! god 9 ! %ape "u :i* he 0 wor%ipp$4 ,we %\ld naturally expect1 too1 t aga9/ su* ! fury ( ! pi\s iconocla/s 9 ! fir/ c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity w\ld h be5 especially direct$4 ,only "h & !re a "w ( art 0 sp>$1 because x _h nev] be5 desecrat$ by be+ made an object ( wor%ip4 ,b s9ce1 among ! antiques t h be5 unburi$1 !re are specim5s ( bo? k9ds1 we %\ld discrim9ate & call only ^? works ( art :i* are ! h&iwork ( ! arti/1 purely z arti/1 ^? :]e he has be5 able to make beauty 8 fir/ & la/ object4 ,all ! re/1 all t %[ an evid5t religi\s t5d5cy1 are unwor?y to be call$ works ( art4 ,9 !m ,art 0 n work+ = h] own sake1 b 0 simply ! tool ( ,religion1 hav+ symbolic repres5tations =c$ ^u h] ) m reg>d to _! significance ?an _! beauty4 ,by ?is ,i d n mean to d5y t religion (t5 sacrific$ mean+ to beauty1 or s f> ceas$ to emphasize x1 out ( reg>d = art & ! f9] ta/e ( ! age1 t beauty seem$ to h be5 ! sole end 9 view4 ,if we make no su* di/9ction1 !re w be p]petual /rife betwe5 connoisseurs & antiqu>ians f _! failure to und]/& ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! connoisseur ma9ta9s1 accord+ to 8 conception ( ! end & aim ( art1 t c]ta9 ?+s nev] c\ld h be5 made by "o ( ! old arti/s1 mean+ nev] by "o work+ z arti/ f 8 own impulse1 ! antiqu>ian w und]/& him to say t !y c\ld nev] h be5 fa%ion$ by ! arti/1 z workman1 "u ! influ5ce ( religion or any o!r p[] outside ! doma9 ( art4 ,he w !re=e ?9k to confute 8 antagoni/ by %[+ "s figure :i* ! connoisseur1 )\t hesitation1 b to ! great vexation ( ! le>n$ _w1 w condemn back to ! rubbi% f :i* x _h be5 dug4#fg ,b !re is dang]1 on ! o!r h&1 ( exagg]at+ ! influ5ce ( religion on art4 ,sp5ce furni%es a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is4 ,he f\nd 9 ,ovid t ,ve/a 0 n wor%ipp$ 9 h] temple "u any human image1 & he !nce drew ! conclusion t !re _h nev] be5 any /atues ( ! goddess4 ,:at _h pass$ = su* mu/ be /atues1 n ( ,ve/a1 b ( a ve/al virg94#fh ,an extraord9>y conclusion6 ,because ! goddess 0 wor%ipp$ 9 "o ( h] temples "u ! symbol ( fire1 did arti/s !re=e lose all "r to p]sonify aft] _! fa%ion a be+ to :om ! poets give di/9ct p]sonality1 mak+ h] ! daught] ( ,saturn & ,ops1 br++ h] into dang] ( fall+ "u ! ill treatm5t ( ,priapus1 & n>rat+ yet o!r ?+s 9 reg>d to h]8 ,= ,sp5ce commits ! fur!r error ( apply+ to all ! temples ( ,ve/a & to h] wor%ip g5]ally :at ,ovid says only ( a c]ta9 temple at ,rome4#fi ,%e 0 n ev]y:]e wor%ipp$ z 9 ?is temple at ,rome4 ,until ,numa erect$ ?is p>ticul> sanctu>y1 %e 0 n s wor%ipp$ ev5 9 ,italy4 ,numa all[$ no deity to be repres5t$ 9 ! %ape ( man or bea/4 ,9 ?is prohibition ( all p]sonal repres5tations ( ,ve/a consi/$1 d\btless1 ! re=mation :i* he introduc$ into h] rites4 ,ovid himself tells u t1 be=e ! "t ( ,numa1 !re 7 /atues ( ,ve/a 9 h] temple1 :i*1 :5 h] prie/ess ,sylvia became a "m1 cov]$ _! eyes ) _! virg9 h&s4#gj ,yet fur!r pro( t 9 ! temples ( ! goddess outside ! city1 9 ! ,roman prov9ces1 h] wor%ip 0 n conduct$ 9 ! mann] prescrib$ by ,numa1 is furni%$ by v>i\s old inscriptions1 :]e m5tion is made ( a prie/ ( ,ve/a 7,pontificis ,ve/74#ga ,at ,cor9?1 aga91 0 a temple ( ,ve/a )\t /atues1 hav+ only an alt> :]eon sacrifices 7 (f]$ to ! goddess4#gb ,b did ! ,greeks1 !re=e1 h no /atues ( ,ve/a8 ,!re 0 "o at ,a!ns 9 ! ,prytaneum1 next to ! /atue ( ,peace4#gc ,! p ( ,iasos boa/$ ( hav+ "o 9 ! op5 air1 ^u :i* sn[ & ra9 nev] fell4#gd ,pl9y m5tions "o 9 a sitt+ po/ure1 f ! *isel ( ,scopas1 9 ! ,s]vilian g>d5s at ,rome1 9 8 day4#ge ,grant+ t x is difficult = u n[ to di/+ui% betwe5 a ve/al virg9 & ! goddess h]self1 does t prove t ! anci5ts 7 n able or did n c>e to make ! di/9ction8 ,c]ta9 attributes po9t evid5tly m to "o ?an ! o!r4 ,! sceptre1 ! tor*1 & ! palladium w\ld seem to belong exclusively to ! goddess4 ,! tympanum1 attribut$ to h] by ,cod9us1 belongs to h]1 p]haps1 only z ! ,e>?4 ,or p]haps ,cod9us himself did n "k exactly :at x 0 he saw4#gf ,x4 ,sp5ce's surprise is aga9 ar\s$ 9 a way t %[s h[ little he has reflect$ on ! limits ( poetry & pa9t+4 8,z to ! muses 9 g5]al10 he says1 8x is rem>kable t ! poets say b little ( !m 9 a descriptive way2 mu* less ?an might inde$ be expect$ = deities to :om !y 7 s p>ticul>ly oblig$40#gg ,:at is ?is b express+ surprise t ! poets1 :5 !y speak ( ! muses1 d n use ! dumb language ( ! pa9t]8 ,9 poetry1 ,urania is ! muse ( a/ronomy4 ,h] "n & h] employm5t reveal h] (fice4 ,9 art %e c be recogniz$ only by ! w& ) :i* %e po9ts to a globe ( ! heav5s4 ,! w&1 ! globe1 & ! attitude are ! lett]s ) :i* ! arti/ spells out = u ! "n ,urania4 ,b :5 ! poet wants to say t ,urania _h long read h] dea? 9 ! />s1-- ,ipsa diu positis le?um prdix]at a/ris ,urania4#gh ,:y %\ld he add1 out ( reg>d to ! arti/1--,urania1 w& 9 h&1 ) ! heav5ly globe be=e h]8 ,w\ld t n be z if a man1 ) ! p[] & privilege ( spee*1 7 to employ ! signs :i* ! mutes 9 a ,turki% s]aglio _h inv5t$ to supply ! want ( a voice8 ,sp5ce expresses ! same surprise 9 reg>d to ! moral be+s1 or ^? div9ities :o1 among ! anci5ts1 presid$ ov] ! virtues & und]took ! guidance ( human life4#gi 8,x is obs]vable10 he says1 8t ! ,roman poets say less ( ! be/ ( ^! moral be+s ?an might be expect$4 ,! arti/s are mu* full] on ?is head2 & "o :o w\ld "k h[ !y 7 ea* set (f mu/ g to ! m$als ( ! ,roman emp]ors4 ,! poets1 9 fact1 speak ( !m v (t5 z p]sons2 b ( _! attributes1 _! dress1 & ! re/ ( _! figure !y g5]ally say b little40 ,:5 a poet p]sonifies ab/ractions he suffici5tly indicates _! "* by _! "n & employm5t4 ,^! means are want+ to ! arti/1 :o mu/ !re=e give to 8 p]sonifi$ ab/ractions c]ta9 symbols by :i* !y may be recogniz$4 ,^! symbols1 because !y are some?+ else & mean some?+ else1 con/itute !m allegorical figures4 ,a female figure hold+ a bridle 9 h] h&1 ano!r lean+ aga9/ a column1 are allegorical be+s4 ,b 9 poetry ,temp]ance & ,con/ancy are n allegorical be+s1 b p]sonifi$ ab/ractions4 ,necessity inv5t$ ^! symbols = ! arti/1 :o c\ld n o!rwise indicate ! significance ( ?is or t figure4 ,b :y %\ld ! poet1 = :om no su* necessity exi/s1 be oblig$ to accept ! conditions impos$ ^u ! arti/8 ,:at excites ,sp5ce's surprise %\ld1 9 fact1 be prescrib$ z a law to all poets4 ,!y %\ld n reg>d ! limitations ( pa9t+ z beauties 9 _! own art1 nor consid] ! exp$i5ts :i* pa9t+ has inv5t$ 9 ord] to keep pace ) poetry1 z graces :i* !y h any reason to envy h]4 ,by ! use ( symbols ! arti/ exalts a m]e figure into a be+ ( a high] ord]4 ,%\ld ! poet employ ! same arti/ic ma*9]y he w\ld conv]t a sup]ior be+ into a doll4 ,con=mity to ?is rule 0 z p]si/5tly obs]v$ by ! anci5ts z its /udi\s violation is by ! vici\sness ( mod]n poets4 ,all _! imag9>y be+s g mask$1 & ! writ]s :o h mo/ skill 9 ?is masqu]ade g5]ally und]/& lea/ ! real object ( _! "w1 :i* is to let _! p]sonages act1 & by _! actions reveal _! "*4 ,among ! attributes by :i* ! arti/ individualizes 8 ab/ractions1 !re is "o class1 h[ev]1 bett] adapt$ to ! poet ?an ^? we h be5 consid]+1 & m wor?y ( 8 use4 ,i ref] to su* z are n /rictly allegorical1 b may be reg>d$ z in/rum5ts :i* ! be+s be>+ !m w\ld or c\ld use1 %\ld !y ev] come to act z real p]sons4 ,! bridle 9 ! h& ( ,temp]ance1 ! pill> :i* supports ,con/ancy are purely allegorical1 & _c !re=e be us$ by ! poet4 ,! scales 9 ! h& ( ,ju/ice are less s1 because ! "r use ( ! scales is "o ( ! duties ( ,ju/ice4 ,! lyre or flute 9 ! h& ( a muse1 ! lance 9 ! h& ( ,m>s1 hamm] & tongs 9 ! h&s ( ,vulcan1 are n symbols at all1 b simply in/rum5ts )\t :i* none ( ! actions *>act]i/ic ( ^! be+s c\ld be p]=m$4 ,to ?is class belong ! attributes sometimes wov5 by ! old poets into _! descriptions1 & :i*1 9 di/9ction f ^? t are allegorical1 ,i w\ld call ! poetical4 ,^! signify ! ?+ itself1 :ile ! o!rs d5ote only "s ?+ simil>4#hj ,,xi4 ,c\nt ,caylus also seems to require t ! poet %\ld deck out ! creatures ( 8 imag9ation ) allegorical attributes4#ha ,! ,c\nt und]/ood pa9t+ bett] ?an poetry4 ,b o!r po9ts m wor?y ( rem>k h /ruck me 9 ! same "w ( 81 "s ( ! mo/ important ( :i* ,i %all m5tion "h = clos] consid]ation4 ,! arti/1 9 ! ,c\nt's op9ion1 %\ld make himself bett] acqua9t$ ) ,hom]1 t greate/ ( all ^w pa9t]s1--t second nature1 9 fact4 ,he calls att5tion to ! ri* & fre% mat]ial furni%$ by ! n>rative ( ! great ,greek1 & assures ! pa9t] t ! m closely he foll[s ! poet 9 e detail1 ! ne>] 8 "w w approa* to p]fection4 ,?is is conf\nd+ ! two k9ds ( imitation m5tion$ above4 ,! pa9t] is n only to copy ! same ?+ t ! poet has copi$1 b he is to copy x ) ! same t\*es4 ,he is to use ! poet n only z n>rator1 b z poet4 ,b :y is n ?is second k9d ( imitation1 :i* we h f\nd to be degrad+ to ! poet1 equally s to ! arti/8 ,if !re _h exi/$ previ\s to ,hom] su* a s]ies ( pictures z he sugge/s to ,c\nt ,caylus1 & we knew t ! poet _h compos$ 8 "w f !m1 w\ld he n lose greatly 9 our e/imation8 ,:y %\ld we n 9 l mann] cease to admire ! arti/ :o %\ld d no m ?an translate ! words ( ! poet into =m & color8 ,! reason ,i suppose to be ?is4 ,9 art ! difficulty appe>s to lie m 9 ! execution ?an 9 ! inv5tion1 :ile ) poetry ! contr>y is ! case4 ,!re ! execution seems easy 9 comp>ison ) ! inv5tion4 ,_h ,virgil copi$ ! tw9+ ( ! s]p5ts ab\t ,laocoon & 8 sons f ! m>ble1 !n 8 description w\ld lose its *ief m]it2 = :at we consid] ! m difficult "p _h be5 done = him4 ,! fir/ conception ( ?is gr\p+ 9 ! imag9ation is a f> great] a*ievem5t ?an ! expression ( x 9 words4 ,b if ! sculptor h borr[$ ! gr\p+ f ! poet1 we /ill consid] him des]v+ ( great praise1 al?\gh he h n ! m]it ( ! fir/ conception4 ,= to give expression 9 m>ble is incalculably m difficult ?an to give x 9 words4 ,we weigh inv5tion & execution 9 opposite scales1 & are incl9$ to require f ! ma/] z mu* less ( "o z he has giv5 u m ( ! o!r4 ,!re are ev5 cases :]e ! arti/ des]ves m cr$it = copy+ ,nature ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! poet's imitation ?an directly f h]self4 ,! pa9t] :o makes a beautiful l&scape f ! description ( a ,?omson1 does m ?an "o :o takes 8 picture at fir/ h& f nature4 ,! latt] sees 8 model be=e him2 ! =m] mu/1 by an ef=t ( imag9ation1 ?9k he sees x4 ,"o makes a beautiful picture f vivid1 s5sible impressions1 ! o!r f ! feeble1 unc]ta9 repres5tations ( arbitr>y signs4 ,f ?is natural read9ess to excuse ! arti/ f ! m]it ( inv5tion1 has aris5 on 8 "p an equally natural indiff]5ce to x4 ,p]ceiv+ t inv5tion c\ld nev] be 8 /rong po9t1 b t 8 fame mu/ re/ *iefly on execution1 he ceas$ to c>e :e!r 8 !me 7 new or old1 :e!r x _h be5 us$ once or a hundr$ times1 belong$ to himself or ano!r4 ,he kept )9 ! n>r[ range ( a few subjects1 gr[n famili> to himself & ! public1 & direct$ all 8 inv5tion to ! introduc+ ( "s *ange 9 ! treatm5t1 "s new comb9ation ( ! old objects4 ,t is actually ! mean+ atta*$ to ! ^w 8inv5tion0 9 ! old text-books on pa9t+4 ,= al?\gh !y divide x into ! arti/ic & ! poetic1 yet ev5 ! poetic does n ext5d to ! orig9at+ ( a subject1 b solely to ! arrangem5t or expression4#hb ,x is inv5tion1 n ( ! :ole1 b ( ! individual p>ts & _! connection ) "o ano!r2 inv5tion ( t inf]ior k9d :i* ,horace recomm5d$ to 8 tragic poet3 ,tuque ,rectius ,iliacum c>m5 d$ucis 9 actus1 ,quam si pr(]res ignota indictaque primus4#hc ,recomm5d$1 ,i say1 b n comm&$4 ,he recomm5d$ x z easi] = him1 m conv5i5t1 m advantage\s3 he did n comm& x z intr9sically nobl] & bett]4 ,! poet1 inde$1 has a great advantage :5 he treats ( famili> hi/orical facts & well-kn[n *>act]s4 ,he c omit a hundr$ tiresome details o!rwise indisp5sable to an und]/&+ ( ! piece4 ,& ! soon] he is und]/ood1 ! soon] he c int]e/ 8 read]s4 ,! same advantage is possess$ by ! pa9t] :5 8 subject is s famili> to u t we take 9 at a glance ! mean+ & design ( 8 :ole composition1 & c n only see t 8 *>act]s are speak+1 b c ev5 he> :at !y say4 ,on t fir/ glance ! *ief effect dep5ds4 ,if t necessitate a tiresome guess+ & pond]+1 our read9ess to be t\*$ is *ill$4 ,we take rev5ge ^u ! unwise arti/ by h>d5+ ourselves aga9/ 8 expression2 & alas = him1 if to t expression he h sacrific$ beauty6 ,no inducem5t rema9s = u to l+] be=e 8 "w4 ,:at we see does n please u1 & :at x means we d n und]/&4 ,consid]+ n[ ^! two po9ts3 fir/1 t inv5tion & novelty 9 ! subject are by no means :at we *iefly require f ! pa9t]2 & secondly1 t a famili> subject helps & quick5s ! effect ( 8 art1 ,i ?9k we %all f9d a deep] reason = 8 avoidance ( new subjects ?an indol5ce or ignorance or absorption ( 8 :ole indu/ry & "t 9 ! me*anical difficulties ( 8 art1 :i* are ! causes assign$ = x by ,c\nt ,caylus4 ,we may ev5 be incl9$ to praise z a wise &1 z f> z we are conc]n$1 a b5efic5t =be>ance on ! "p ( ! arti/1 :at seem$ to u at fir/ a defici5cy 9 art & a curtailm5t ( our enjoym5t4 ,i h no fe> t exp]i5ce w contradict me4 ,pa9t]s w be grateful to ! ,c\nt = 8 good int5tions1 b w h>dly make z g5]al use ( 8 advice z he expects4 ,%\ld su*1 h[ev]1 be ! case1 a new ,caylus w\ld be ne$$ at ! end ( a hundr$ ye>s to rem9d u ( ! old !mes & recall ! arti/ to a field :]e o!rs be=e him h reap$ undy+ laurels4 ,or %all we expect ! public to be z le>n$ z ! connoisseur ) 8 books1 & famili> ) all ! sc5es ( hi/ory & fable t (f] fit subjects = art8 ,i grant t arti/s1 s9ce ! "t ( ,raphael1 w\ld h done bett] to take ,hom] = _! manual ?an ,ovid4 ,b s9ce1 once = all1 !y h n done s1 let u leave ! public 9 its old ruts1 & n ?r[ m difficulties 9 ! way ( its pleasure ?an are necess>y to make ! pleasure wor? hav+4 ,protog5es _h pa9t$ ! "m ( ,ari/otle4 ,i "k n h[ mu* ! philosoph] paid = ! picture1 b in/ead ( ! full paym5t1 or p]haps ov] & above x1 he gave ! pa9t] a piece ( advice :i* 0 ( m value ?an ! money4 ,n1 z ,i believe1 9 ! way ( flatt]y1 b because he knew t art ne$$ to make itself univ]sally intelligible1 he advis$ him to pa9t ! exploits ( ,alex&]4 ,! :ole _w 0 r++ ) ! fame ( !m1 & he c\ld =esee t _! memory w\ld rema9 to all po/]ity4 ,b ,protog5es 0 n wise en\gh to foll[ ?is c\nsel4 8,impetus animi10 says ,pl9y1 8et qudam artis libido10#hd a c]ta9 presumption 9 art1 & a crav+ aft] some?+ new & /range1 l$ him to ! *oice ( o!r subjects4 ,he pref]r$ ! /ory ( ,ialysus1#he ( ,cydippe1 & o!rs ( l k9d1 ^: mean+ we c n[ sc>ce ev5 conjecture4 ,,xii4 ,hom] treats ( two diff]5t classes ( be+s & actions1--! visible & ! invisible4 ,?is di/9ction _c be made on canvas1 :]e e ?+ is visible1 & visible 9 precisely ! same way4 ,:5 ,c\nt ,caylus1 !re=e1 makes pictures ( invisible actions foll[ imm$iately ^u pictures ( visible ones2 & 9 sc5es ( mix$ actions1 p>ticipat$ 9 by be+s ( bo? k9ds1 does n1 & p]haps _c1 indicate h[ ^? figures :i* only we :o look at ! picture are suppos$ to see1 %all be s repres5t$ t ! *>act]s 9 ! picture %all n see !m1 or at lea/ %all n look z if !y c\ld n help see+ !m1 he makes ! :ole s]ies1 z well z _m sep>ate pictures1 9 ! highe/ degree confus$1 un9telligible1 & self-contradictory4 ,) ! book be=e u ?is difficulty might f9ally be ov]come4 ,! great objection w\ld be t1 ) ! loss ( all di/9ction to ! eye betwe5 ! visible & ! invisible be+s1 all ! *>act]i/ic traits mu/ likewise disappe>1 :i* s]ve to elevate ! high] ord] ( be+s above ! l[]4 ,:51 = in/ance1 ! gods :o take diff]5t sides 9 ! ,trojan w> come at la/ to actual bl[s1 ! conte/ goes on 9 ! poem unse54#hf ,?is invisibility leaves ! imag9ation free play to enl>ge ! sc5e at w1 & picture ! gods & _! movem5ts on a scale f> gr&] ?an ! measure ( common humanity4 ,b pa9t+ mu/ accept a visible !atre1 ^: v>i\s fix$ p>ts become a scale ( measurem5t = ! p]sons act+ ^u x4 ,?is scale is always be=e ! eye1 & ! disproportionate size ( any sup]human figures makes be+s t 7 gr& 9 ! poem mon/r\s on canvas4 ,m9]va1 on :om ,m>s _h made ! fir/ attack1 /eps backw>d & ) mighty h& lifts f ! gr\nd an enorm\s /one1 black & r\gh1 :i*1 9 old times1 _h requir$ ! /r5g? ( _m m5 to be roll$ into its place & set up z a l&m>k4#hg ' 1 1 ' ,to obta9 an adequate idea ( ! size ( ?is /one1 we mu/ rememb] t ,hom] makes 8 h]oes twice z /rong z ! mightie/ m5 ( 8 day1 yet says !y 7 f> surpass$ 9 /r5g? by ! m5 :om ,ne/or _h kn[n 9 8 y\?4 ,n[ if ,m9]va is to hurl at ,m>s a /one :i* x _h requir$1 n "o man1 b _m m5 ( ! "t ( ,ne/or's y\? to set up z a l&m>k1 :at1 ,i ask1 %\ld be ! /ature ( ! goddess8 ,if h] size be proportion$ to t ( ! /one1 all m>vel ceases4 ,a be+ ( ?rice my size c1 ( c\rse1 ?r[ ?ree times z l>ge a /one4 ,b if ! /ature ( ! goddess be n proportion$ to ! size ( ! /one1 ! result is a palpable improbability 9 ! picture :i* _c be aton$ = by ! cold consid]ation t a goddess is necess>ily ( sup]natural /r5g?4 ,m>s1 ov]?r[n by ?is enorm\s /one1 cov]$ sev5 hides1-- ' 4 ,x is impossible = ! pa9t] to give ! god ?is extraord9>y size4 ,yet if he d n1 we h no ,hom]ic ,m>s ly+ on ! gr\nd1 b an ord9>y w>rior4#hh ,long9us says1 x has (t5 seem$ to him t ,hom]'s design 0 to raise 8 m5 to gods & degrade 8 deities to m54 ,pa9t+ accompli%es ?is4 ,on canvas we lose e ?+ :i* 9 poetry exalts ! gods above m]e godlike m54 ,size1 /r5g?1 spe$1--qualities :i* ,hom] has always 9 /ore = 8 gods 9 miracul\s measure1 f> surpass+ any ?+ he attributes to 8 mo/ fam\s h]oes1#hi--;are necess>ily r$uc$ 9 ! picture to ! common scale ( humanity4 ,jupit] & ,agamemnon1 ,apollo & ,a*illes1 ,ajax & ,m>s1 are all k9dr$ be+s1 only to be di/+ui%$ by "s arbitr>y outw>d sign4 ,! exp$i5t to :i* pa9t]s h rec\rse to indicate t a c]ta9 "* is suppos$ to be invisible1 is a ?9 cl\d veil+ ! side ( ! figure t is turn$ t[>ds ! o!r actors on ! sc5e4 ,?is cl\d seems at fir/ to be borr[$ f ,hom] himself4 ,=1 :5 9 ! confusion ( battle "o ( ! *ief h]oes becomes expos$ to a dang] f :i* no?+ %ort ( div9e aid c save him1 ! poet makes 8 gu>dian deity veil him 9 a ?ick cl\d or 9 d>kness1 & s lead him f ! field4 ,p>is is ?us deliv]$ by ,v5us1#ij ,idu by ,neptune1#ia ,hector by ,apollo4#ib ,caylus nev] omits /rongly to recomm5d to ! arti/ ?is mi/ or cl\d1 :5ev] he is to pa9t pictures ( su* occurr5ces4 ,b :o does n p]ceive t ?is veil+ 9 mi/ & d>kness is only ! poet's way ( say+ t ! h]o became invisible8 ,x always seems /range to me1 !re=e1 to f9d ?is poetical expression embodi$ 9 a picture1 & an actual cl\d introduc$1 beh9d :i*1 z beh9d a scre51 ! h]o /&s hidd5 f 8 enemy4 ,?is 0 n ! poet's mean+4 ,! arti/ 9 ?is exce$s ! limits ( pa9t+4 ,8 cl\d is a hi]oglyphic1 a purely symbolic sign1 :i* does n make ! rescu$ h]o invisible1 b simply says to ! obs]v]s1--8,y are to suppose ?is man to be invisible40 ,x is no bett] ?an ! rolls ( pap] ) s5t5ces ^u !m1 :i* issue f ! m\? ( p]sonages 9 ! old ,go?ic pictures4 ,hom]1 to be sure1 makes ,a*illes give ?ree ?ru/s ) 8 lance at ! ?ick cl\d#ic :ile ,apollo is c>ry+ (f ,hector1-- ' 4 ,b t1 9 ! language ( poetry1 only means t ,a*illes 0 s enrag$ t he ?ru/ ?ree times ) 8 lance be=e p]ceiv+ t 8 enemy 0 no long] be=e him4 ,a*illes saw no actual cl\d4 ,! :ole secret ( ?is invisibility lay n 9 ! cl\d1 b 9 ! god's swift )drawal ( ! imp]ill$ h]o4 ,9 ord] to indicate t ! )drawal took place s in/antane\sly t no human eye c\ld foll[ ! retreat+ =m1 ! poet beg9s by ?r[+ ov] 8 h]o a cl\d2 n because ! by-/&]s saw ! cl\d 9 ! place ( ! vani%$ %ape1 b because to our m9d ?+s 9 a cl\d are invisible4 ,! opposite device is sometimes us$1 &1 in/ead ( ! object be+ made invisible1 ! subject is smitt5 ) bl9dness4 ,?us ,neptune bl9ds ! eyes ( ,a*illes :5 he rescues neas f 8 murd]\s h&s by transport+ him f ! ?ick ( ! conte/ to ! re>4#id ,9 reality1 ! eyes ( ,a*illes 7 no m bl9d$ 9 ! "o case ?an 9 ! o!r ! rescu$ h]oes 7 veil$ 9 a cl\d4 ,bo? are m]e expressions employ$ by ! poet to impress m vividly on our m9ds ! extreme rapidity ( ! removal2 ! disappe>ance1 z we %\ld call x4 ,b arti/s h appropriat$ ! ,hom]ic mi/ n only 9 ^? cases ( concealm5t or disappe>ance :]e ,hom] himself employ$ or w\ld h employ$ x1 b 9 cases :]e ! spectator 0 to p]ceive some?+ :i* ! *>act]s on ! canvas1 or "s ( !m at lea/1 7 n to be consci\s (4 ,m9]va 0 visible to ,a*illes only1 :5 %e re/ra9$ him f committ+ viol5ce aga9/ ,agamemnon4 8,i "k no o!r way ( express+ ?is10 says ,caylus1 8?an to int]pose a cl\d betwe5 ! goddess & ! o!r memb]s ( ! c\ncil40 ,?is is entirely contr>y to ! _s ( ! poet4 ,invisibility 0 ! natural condition ( 8 deities4 ,s f> f any /roke ( bl9dness or int]cept+ ( ! rays ( light be+ necess>y to r5d] !m invisible1#ie a special illum9ation1 an increas$ p[] ( human vision 0 ne$$ to see !m4 ,n only1 !re=e1 is ?is cl\d an arbitr>y & n a natural symbol 9 pa9t+1 b x does n possess ! cle>ness :i*1 z an arbitr>y sign1 x %\ld4 ,x has a d\ble mean+1 be+ employ$ z well to make ! invisible visible z to r5d] ! visible invisible4 ,,xiii4 ,if ,hom]'s works 7 completely de/roy$1 & no?+ rema9$ ( ! ,iliad & ,odyssey b ?is s]ies ( pictures propos$ by ,caylus1 %\ld we f ^!--ev5 suppos+ !m to be execut$ by ! be/ ma/]s--=m ! same idea t we n[ h ( ! poet's descriptive tal5t alone1 sett+ aside all 8 o!r qualities z a poet8 ,let u take ! fir/ piece t comes to h&1--! picture ( ! plague4#if ,:at d we see on ! canvas8 ,dead bodies1 ! flame ( fun]al pyres1 ! dy+ busi$ ) ! dead1 ! angry god ^u a cl\d dis*>g+ 8 arr[s4 ,! pr(use weal? ( ! picture becomes pov]ty 9 ! poet4 ,%\ld we attempt to re/ore ! text ( ,hom] f ?is picture1 :at c we make him say8 8,!reupon ! wra? ( ,apollo 0 k9dl$1 & he %ot 8 arr[s among ! ,grecian army4 ,_m ,greeks di$1 & _! bodies 7 burn$40 ,n[ let u turn to ,hom] himself3#if ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 4 ' ' ' 1 ' 4 ' ' 1 ' ' 4 1 ' ' 4 ,! poet "h is z f> beyond ! pa9t]1 z life is bett] ?an a picture4 ,wra?ful1 ) b[ & quiv]1 ,apollo desc5ds f ! ,olympian t[]s4 ,i n only see him1 b he> him4 ,at e /ep ! arr[s rattle on ! %\ld]s ( ! angry god4 ,he ent]s among ! ho/ l ! night4 ,n[ he seats himself ov] aga9/ ! %ips1 &1 ) a t]rible clang ( ! silv] b[1 s5ds 8 fir/ %aft aga9/ ! mules & dogs4 ,next he turns 8 poison$ d>ts ^u ! w>riors !mselves1 & unceas+ blaze on e side ! corpse-lad5 pyres4 ,x is impossible to translate into any o!r language ! musical pa9t+ he>d 9 ! poet's words4 ,equally impossible w\ld x be to inf] x f ! canvas4 ,yet ?is is ! lea/ ( ! advantages possess$ by ! poetical picture4 ,its *ief sup]iority is t x leads u ?r\gh a :ole gall]y ( pictures up to ! po9t depict$ by ! arti/4 ,b ! plague is p]haps n a favorable subject = a picture4 ,take ! c\ncil ( ! gods1#ig :i* is m p>ticul>ly address$ to ! eye4 ,an op5 palace ( gold1 gr\ps ( ! faire/ & mo/ maje/ic =ms1 goblet 9 h&1 s]v$ by et]nal y\? 9 ! p]son ( ,hebe4 ,:at ar*itecture6 :at masses ( light & %ade6 :at contra/s6 :at v>iety ( expression6 ,:]e %all ,i beg91 :]e cease1 to fea/ my eyes8 ,if ! pa9t] ?us en*ant me1 h[ mu* m w ! poet6 ,i op5 ! book & f9d myself deceiv$4 ,i read f\r good1 pla9 l9es1 :i* might v appropriately be writt5 "u ! pa9t+4 ,!y conta9 mat]ial = a picture1 b are 9 !mselves none4#ig 1 ' 1 4 ,apollonius1 or a m indiff]5t poet /ill1 w\ld n h said x worse4 ,"h ,hom] is z f> beh9d ! arti/ z1 9 ! =m] in/ance1 he surpass$ him4 ,yet1 except 9 ^! f\r l9es1 ,caylus f9ds no s+le picture 9 ! :ole f\r? book ( ! ,iliad4 8,ri* z ?is book is10 he says1 89 its manifold exhortations to battle1 9 ! abundance ( its conspicu\s & contra/+ *>act]s1 9 ! skill ) :i* ! masses to be set 9 motion are br\ght be=e u1 x is yet entirely unavailable = pa9t+40 8,ri* z x o!rwise is10 he might h add$1 89 :at are call$ poetic pictures40 ,= surely 9 ?is f\r? book we f9d z _m su* pictures1 & z p]fect1 z 9 any ( ! :ole poem4 ,:]e is !re a m detail$1 a m /rik+ picture ?an t ( ,p&>us break+ ! truce at ! in/igation ( ,m9]va1 & dis*>g+ 8 arr[ at ,m5elaus8 ?an t ( ! advance ( ! ,grecian army8 or ( ! mutual attack8 or ( ! de$ ( ,ulysses1 :]eby he av5ges ! dea? ( 8 fri5d ,leucus8 ,:at mu/ we conclude1 except t n a few ( ! f9e/ pictures 9 ,hom] are no pictures = ! arti/8 t ! arti/ c extract pictures f him :]e he himself has none8 t su* ( 8 z ! arti/ c use w\ld be poor inde$ did !y %[ u no m ?an we see on ! canvas8 :at1 9 %ort1 b a negative answ] to my "q8 ,pa9t$ pictures drawn f ! poems ( ,hom]1 h[ev] num]\s & h[ev] admirable !y may be1 c give u no idea ( ! descriptive tal5t ( ! poet4 ,,xiv4 ,if x1 !n1 be true t a poem n 9 itself picturesque may yet be ri* 9 subjects = an arti/1 :ile ano!r 9 a high degree picturesque may yield him no?+1 ?is puts an end to ! !ory ( ,c\nt ,caylus1 t ! te/ ( a poem is its availability = ! arti/1 & t a poet's rank %\ld dep5d ^u ! numb] ( pictures he supplies to ! pa9t]4#ih ,f> be x f u to give ?is !ory ev5 ! sanction ( our sil5ce4 ,milton w\ld be ! fir/ to fall an innoc5t victim4 ,inde$1 ! contemptu\s judgm5t :i* ,caylus passes ^u ! ,engli% poet w\ld seem to be ! result n s mu* ( national ta/e z ( ?is assum$ rule4 ,milton resembles ,hom]1 he says1 9 little except+ loss ( sight4 ,milton1 x is true1 c fill no picture gall]ies4 ,b if1 s long z ,i reta9$ my bodily eye1 its sph]e mu/ be ! measure ( my inw>d vision1 !n ,i %\ld e/eem its loss a ga91 z free+ me f su* limitations4 ,! fact t 8,p>adise ,lo/0 furni%es few subjects = a pa9t] no m prev5ts x f be+ ! greate/ epic s9ce ,hom]1 ?an ! /ory ( ! passion ( ,*ri/ becomes a poem1 because y c h>dly ins]t ! head ( a p9 9 any "p ( ! n>rative )\t t\*+ "s passage :i* has employ$ a cr[d ( ! greate/ arti/s4 ,! evangeli/s /ate _! facts ) ! drye/ possible simplicity1 & ! pa9t] uses _! v>i\s details :ile ! n>rators !mselves manife/$ n ! smalle/ sp>k ( g5ius = ! picturesque4 ,!re are picturesque & unpicturesque facts1 & ! hi/orian may relate ! mo/ picturesque )\t picturesqu5ess1 z ! poet c make a picture ( ^? lea/ adapt$ to ! pa9t]'s use4 ,to reg>d ! matt] o!rwise is to all[ ourselves to be misl$ by ! d\ble mean+ ( a ^w4 ,a picture 9 poetry is n necess>ily "o :i* c be transf]r$ to canvas4 ,b e t\*1 or e comb9ation ( t\*es1 by means ( :i* ! poet br+s 8 subject s vividly be=e u t we are m consci\s ( ! subject ?an ( 8 words1 is picturesque1 & makes :at we call a picture2 t is1 x produces t degree ( illusion :i* a pa9t$ picture is peculi>ly qualifi$ to excite1 & :i* we 9 fact mo/ frequ5tly & naturally exp]i5ce 9 ! contemplation ( ! pa9t$ canvas4#ii ,,xv4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t ! poet c produce ?is degree ( illusion by ! repres5tation ( o!r ?an visible objects4 ,he !re=e has at 8 comm& :ole classes ( subjects :i* elude ! arti/4 ,dryd5's 8,ode on ,cecilia's ,day0 is full ( musical pictures1 b gives no employm5t to ! bru%4 ,b ,i w n lose myself 9 examples ( ?is k9d1 = !y aft] all tea* u little m ?an t colors are n tones1 & e>s n eyes4 ,i w conf9e myself to pictures ( visible objects1 available alike to poet & pa9t]4 ,:at is ! reason t _m poetical pictures ( ?is class are unsuitable = ! pa9t]1 :ile _m pa9t$ pictures lose _! *ief effect 9 ! h&s ( ! poet8 ,examples may help u4 ,i rev]t to ! picture ( ,p&>us 9 ! f\r? book ( ! ,iliad1 z "o ( ! mo/ detail$ & graphic 9 all ,hom]4 ,f ! seiz+ ( ! b[ to ! flight ( ! arr[ e incid5t is pa9t$2 & ea* "o foll[s its pr$ecessor s closely1 & yet is s di/9ct f x1 t a p]son :o knew no?+ ( ! use ( a b[ c\ld le>n x f ?is picture alone4#ajj ,p&>us br+s =? 8 b[1 atta*es ! /r+1 op5s ! quiv]1 selects a well-fea!r$ arr[ nev] be=e us$1 adju/s ! not* ( ! arr[ to ! /r+1 & draws back bo? /r+ & arr[2 ! /r+ approa*es 8 brea/1 ! iron po9t ( ! arr[ ne>s ! b[1 ! great ar*$ b[ spr+s back ) a mighty twang1 ! cord r+s1 & away leaps ! eag] arr[ spe$+ t[>ds ! m>k4 ,caylus _c h ov]look$ ?is admirable picture4 ,:at1 !n1 did he f9d :i* made him judge x no fitt+ subject = an arti/8 ,& :at 9 ! c\ncil & c>\sal ( ! gods made t seem m adapt$ to 8 purpose8 ,! subjects are visible 9 "o case z 9 ! o!r1 & :at m does ! pa9t] ne$ = 8 canvas8 ,! difficulty mu/ be ?is4 ,al?\gh bo? !mes1 z repres5t+ visible objects1 are equally adapt$ to pa9t+1 !re is ?is ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 !m3 "o is a visible progressive action1 ! v>i\s p>ts ( :i* foll[ "o ano!r 9 "t2 ! o!r is a visible /ation>y action1 ! developm5t ( ^: v>i\s p>ts takes place 9 space4 ,s9ce pa9t+1 because its signs or means ( imitation c be comb9$ only 9 space1 mu/ rel9qui% all repres5tations ( "t1 !re=e progressive actions1 z su*1 _c come )9 its range4 ,x mu/ cont5t itself ) actions 9 space2 9 o!r words1 ) m]e bodies1 ^: attitude lets u inf] _! action4 ,poetry1 on ! contr>y-- ,,xvi4 ,b ,i w try to prove my conclusions by />t+ f fir/ pr9ciples4 ,i argue ?us4 ,if x be true t pa9t+ employs :olly diff]5t signs or means ( imitation f poetry1--! "o us+ =ms & colors 9 space1 ! o!r articulate s\nds 9 "t1--& if signs mu/ unque/ionably /& 9 conv5i5t relation ) ! ?+ signifi$1 !n signs arrang$ side by side c repres5t only objects exi/+ side by side1 or ^: p>ts s exi/1 :ile consecutive signs c express only objects :i* succe$ ea* o!r1 or ^: p>ts succe$ ea* o!r1 9 "t4 ,objects :i* exi/ side by side1 or ^: p>ts s exi/1 are call$ bodies4 ,consequ5tly bodies ) _! visible prop]ties are ! peculi> subjects ( pa9t+4 ,objects :i* succe$ ea* o!r1 or ^: p>ts succe$ ea* o!r 9 "t1 are actions4 ,consequ5tly actions are ! peculi> subjects ( poetry4 ,all bodies1 h[ev]1 exi/ n only 9 space1 b also 9 "t4 ,!y cont9ue1 &1 at any mom5t ( _! cont9uance1 may assume a diff]5t appe>ance & /& 9 diff]5t relations4 ,e "o ( ^! mom5t>y appe>ances & gr\p+s 0 ! result ( a prec$+1 may become ! cause ( a foll[+1 & is !re=e ! c5tre ( a pres5t action4 ,consequ5tly pa9t+ c imitate actions also1 b only z !y are sugge/$ ?r\gh =ms4 ,actions1 on ! o!r h&1 _c exi/ indep5d5tly1 b mu/ always be jo9$ to c]ta9 ag5ts4 ,9 s f> z ^? ag5ts are bodies or are reg>d$ z su*1 poetry describes also bodies1 b only indirectly ?r\gh actions4 ,pa9t+1 9 its coexi/5t compositions1 c use b a s+le mom5t ( an action1 & mu/ !re=e *oose ! mo/ pregnant "o1 ! "o mo/ sugge/ive ( :at has gone be=e & :at is to foll[4 ,poetry1 9 its progressive imitations1 c use b a s+le attribute ( bodies1 & mu/ *oose t "o :i* gives ! mo/ vivid picture ( ! body z ex]cis$ 9 ?is p>ticul> action4 ,h5ce ! rule = ! employm5t ( a s+le descriptive epi!t1 & ! cause ( ! r>e occurr5ce ( descriptions ( physical objects4 ,i %\ld place less confid5ce 9 ?is dry *a9 ( conclusions1 did ,i n f9d !m fully confirm$ by ,hom]1 or1 r1 _h !y n be5 fir/ sugge/$ to me by ,hom]'s me?od4 ,^! pr9ciples alone furni% a key to ! noble /yle ( ! ,greek1 & enable u to pass j judgm5t on ! opposite me?od ( _m mod]n poets :o insi/ ^u emulat+ ! arti/ 9 a po9t :]e !y mu/ ( necessity rema9 inf]ior to him4 ,i f9d t ,hom] pa9ts no?+ b progressive actions4 ,all bodies1 all sep>ate objects1 are pa9t$ only z !y take "p 9 su* actions1 & g5]ally ) a s+le t\*4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t arti/s f9d 9 ,hom]'s pictures little or no?+ to _! purpose1 & t _! only h>ve/ is :]e ! n>ration br+s toge!r 9 a space favorable to art a numb] ( beautiful %apes 9 graceful attitudes1 h[ev] little ! poet himself may h pa9t$ %apes1 attitudes1 or space4 ,if we /udy "o by "o ! :ole s]ies ( pictures propos$ by ,caylus1 we %all 9 e case f9d pro( ( ! ju/ness ( ^! conclusions4 ,"h1 !n1 ,i leave ! ,c\nt ) 8 desire to make ! pa9t]'s color-/one ! t\*/one ( ! poet1 & proce$ to exam9e m closely ! /yle ( ,hom]4 ,= a s+le ?+1 z ,i h said1 ,hom] has commonly b a s+le epi!t4 ,a %ip is to him at "o "t ! black %ip1 at ano!r ! holl[ %ip1 & aga9 ! swift %ip4 ,at mo/ x is ! well-mann$ black %ip4 ,fur!r pa9t+ ( ! %ip he does n attempt4 ,b ( ! %ip's sail+1 its dep>ture & arrival1 he makes s detail$ a picture1 t ! arti/ w\ld h to pa9t five or six1 to put ! :ole ^u 8 canvas4 ,if circum/ances compel ,hom] to fix our att5tion = a l5g? ( "t on any "o object1 he /ill makes no picture ( x :i* an arti/ c foll[ ) 8 bru%4 ,by c\ntless devices he pres5ts ?is s+le object 9 a s]ies ( mom5ts1 9 e "o ( :i* x assumes a diff]5t =m4 ,only 9 ! f9al "o c ! pa9t] seize x1 & %[ u ready made :at ! arti/ has be5 %[+ u 9 ! mak+4 ,if ,hom]1 = in/ance1 wants u to see ! *>iot ( ,juno1 ,hebe mu/ put x toge!r piece by piece be=e our eyes4 ,we see ! :eels1 ! axle1 ! seat1 ! pole1 ! traces & /raps1 n already 9 place1 b z !y come toge!r "u ,hebe's h&s4 ,! :eels are ! only "p on :i* ! poet be/[s m ?an a s+le epi!t4 ,he %[s u sep>ately ! eight braz5 spokes1 ! gold5 fellies1 ! tires ( brass1 & ! silv] nave4 ,x w\ld almo/ seem t1 z !re 0 m ?an "o :eel1 he wi%$ to sp5d z mu* m "t 9 ! description z ! putt+ on w\ld require 9 reality4#aja ' ' 1 1 4 1 ' 1 ' 4 1 4 ' ' 1 ' 1 ' ,:5 ,hom] wi%es to tell u h[ ,agamemnon 0 dress$1 he makes ! k+ put on e article ( raim5t 9 our pres5ce3 ! s(t tunic1 ! great mantle1 ! beautiful s&als1 & ! sword4 ,:5 he is ?us fully equipp$ he grasps 8 sceptre4 ,we see ! clo!s :ile ! poet is describ+ ! act ( dress+4 ,an inf]ior writ] w\ld h describ$ ! clo!s d[n to ! m9ute/ fr+e1 & ( ! action we %\ld h se5 no?+4#ajb ' 1 1 ' 1 ' ' 4 1 ,h[ does he manage :5 he desires to give a m full & m9ute picture ( ! sceptre1 :i* is "h call$ only ance/ral & undecay+1 z a simil> "o 9 ano!r place is only 1--gold5-/udd$8 ,does he pa9t = u1 besides ! gold5 nails1 ! wood1 & ! c>v$ head8 ,he might h done s1 _h he be5 writ+ a description = a book ( h]aldry1 f :i* at "s lat] day an exact copy 0 to be made4 ,yet ,i h no d\bt t _m a mod]n poet w\ld h giv5 su* h]aldic description 9 ! hone/ belief t he 0 really mak+ a picture himself1 because he 0 giv+ ! pa9t] mat]ial = "o4 ,b :at does ,hom] c>e h[ f> he out/rips ! pa9t]8 ,in/ead ( a copy1 he gives u ! hi/ory ( ! sceptre4 ,fir/ we see x 9 ! work%op ( ,vulcan2 !n x %9es 9 ! h&s ( ,jupit]2 n[ x betok5s ! dignity ( ,m]cury2 n[ x is ! baton ( w>like ,pelops2 & aga9 ! %eph]d's /aff ( peace-lov+ ,atreus4#ajc 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 4 ,& s at la/ ,i "k ?is sceptre bett] ?an if a pa9t] %\ld put x be=e my eyes1 or a second ,vulcan give x into my h&s4 ,x w\ld n surprise me to f9d t "s "o ( ,hom]'s old comm5tators _h admir$ ?is passage z a p]fect allegory ( ! orig91 progress1 e/abli%m5t1 & f9al inh]itance ( mon>*ical p[] among m54 ,i %\ld smile inde$ 7 ,i to read t ! mak] ( ! sceptre1 ,vulcan1 z fire1 z t :i* is ( supreme importance to ! ma9t5ance ( mank9d1 typifi$ ! removal ( ! necessities :i* induc$ ! e>ly races ( m5 to subject !mselves to a s+le rul]2 t ! fir/ k+ 0 a son ( ,"t 7 71 rev]$ & v5]able1 :o desir$ to %>e 8 p[] ) a wise & eloqu5t man1 a ,m]cury 7 71 or to resign x :olly to him2 t ! wise speak]1 at ! "t :5 ! "y /ate 0 ?reat5$ by =eign enemies1 deliv]$ 8 supreme au?ority to ! brave/ w>rior 7 72 t ! brave w>rior1 aft] hav+ subdu$ ! enemies & secur$ ! safety ( ! realm1 let ?is p[] play into ! h&s ( 8 son1 :o1 z a peace-lov+ rul]1 a b5efic5t %eph]d ( 8 p 7 71 introduc$ com=t & luxury2 t ?us ! way 0 op5$1 aft] 8 dea?1 = ! ri*e/ ( 8 relations 7 7 to obta9 by gifts & brib]y1 & f9ally to secure to 8 family = ev]1 z a piece ( prop]ty obta9$ by pur*ase1 t au?ority :i* _h orig9ally be5 conf]r$ z a m>k ( confid5ce1 & _h be5 reg>d$ by m]it r z a burd5 ?an an honor4 ,i %\ld smile at all ?is1 b x w\ld increase my respect = a poet to :om s mu* c\ld be attribut$4 ,b ?is is a digression4 ,i am n[ consid]+ ! hi/ory ( ! sceptre z a device = mak+ u l+] ov] a s+le object1 )\t ent]+ into a tiresome description ( its v>i\s p>ts4 ,aga91 :5 ,a*illes swe>s by 8 sceptre to be rev5g$ on ,agamemnon = 8 contemptu\s treatm5t1 ,hom] gives u ! hi/ory ( ?is sceptre4 ,we see x /ill gre5 ^u ! m\nta9s1 ! axe sev]s x f ! p>5t trunk1 /rips x ( leaves & b>k1 & makes x ready to s]ve ! judges ( ! p1 z ! tok5 ( _! godlike (fice4#ajd 1 1 1 ' 1 4 ,hom]'s object 0 n s mu* to describe two /aves ( diff]5t %ape & mat]ial1 z to give u a graphic picture ( ! diff]5t degrees ( p[] :i* ^! /aves repres5t$4 ,"o ! "w ( ,vulcan1 ! o!r cut ^u ! hills by an unkn[n h&2 "o ! old possession ( a noble h\se1 ! o!r de/9$ to be grasp$ by ! fir/ com]2 "o ext5d$ by a mon>* ov] _m isl&s & ov] all ,argos1 ! o!r borne by "o f among ! ,greeks1 :o1 9 connection ) o!rs1 _h be5 intru/$ ) ! duty ( uphold+ ! laws4 ,?is 0 9 fact ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,agamemnon & ,a*illes2 & ,a*illes1 ev5 9 ! bl9dness ( 8 passion1 c\ld n b admit x4 ,n only :5 ,hom]'s descriptions h ^! high] aims 9 view1 b ev5 :5 8 sole object is ! picture1 he w yet break ?is up into a sort ( hi/ory ( ! object 9 ord] t ! v>i\s p>ts1 :i* we see side by side 9 nature1 may j z naturally foll[ ea* o!r 9 8 picture1 &1 z x 71 keep pace ) ! fl[ ( ! n>rative4 ,he wants1 = in/ance1 to pa9t u ! b[ ( ,p&>us4 ,x is ( horn1 ( a c]ta9 l5g?1 well poli%$1 & tipp$ at bo? ends ) gold4 ,:at does he d8 ,does he enum]ate ^! details ?us drily "o aft] ano!r8 ,by no means4 ,t w\ld be tell+ (f su* a b[1 sett+ x z a copy1 b n pa9t+ x4 ,he beg9s ) ! hunt+ ( ! wild goat f ^: horns ! b[ 0 made4 ,p&>us _h la9 9 wait = him among ! rocks & sla9 him4 ,ow+ to ! extraord9>y size ( ! horns1 he decid$ to use !m = a b[4 ,!y come "u ! workman's h&s1 :o jo9s !m toge!r1 poli%es1 & tips !m4 ,& ?us1 z ,i h said1 ! poet %[s u 9 ! process ( creation1 :at ! pa9t] c only %[ u z already exi/+4#aje 1 ' 1 1 ' 4 1 ' 1 4 ,i %\ld nev] h done1 7 ,i to try to write out all ! examples ( ?is k9d4 ,!y w occur 9 numb]s to e "o famili> ) ,hom]4 ,,xvii4 ,b1 x may be urg$1 ! signs employ$ 9 poetry n only foll[ ea* o!r1 b are also arbitr>y2 &1 z arbitr>y signs1 !y are c]ta9ly capable ( express+ ?+s z !y exi/ 9 space4 ,hom] himself furni%es examples ( ?is4 ,we h b to call to m9d 8 %ield ( ,a*illes to h an in/ance ( h[ circum/antially & yet poetically a s+le object c be describ$ accord+ to its coexi/5t p>ts4 ,i w proce$ to answ] ?is d\ble objection4 ,i call x d\ble1 because a j conclusion mu/ hold1 ?\gh unsupport$ by examples1 & on ! o!r h& ! example ( ,hom] has great weight ) me1 ev5 :5 ,i am unable to ju/ify x by rules4 ,x is true t s9ce ! signs ( spee* are arbitr>y1 ! p>ts ( a body c by _! means be made to foll[ ea* o!r z readily z 9 nature !y exi/ side by side4 ,b ?is is a prop]ty ( ! signs ( language 9 g5]al1 n ( ^? peculi> to poetry4 ,! prose writ] is satisfi$ ) be+ intelligible1 & mak+ 8 repres5tations pla9 & cle>4 ,b ?is is n en\gh = ! poet4 ,he desires to pres5t u ) images s vivid1 t we fancy we h ! ?+s !mselves be=e u1 & cease = ! mom5t to be consci\s ( 8 words1 ! in/rum5ts ) :i* he effects 8 purpose4 ,t 0 ! po9t made 9 ! def9ition giv5 above ( a poetical picture4 ,b ! poet mu/ always pa9t2 & n[ let u see 9 h[ f> bodies1 consid]$ 9 relation to _! p>ts ly+ toge!r 9 space1 are fit subjects = ?is pa9t+4 ,h[ d we obta9 a cle> idea ( a ?+ 9 space8 ,fir/ we obs]ve its sep>ate p>ts1 !n ! union ( ^! p>ts1 & f9ally ! :ole4 ,our s5ses p]=m ^! v>i\s op]ations ) su* amaz+ rapidity z to make !m seem b "o4 ,?is rapidity is absolutely ess5tial to our obta9+ an idea ( ! :ole1 :i* is no?+ m ?an ! result ( ! conception ( ! p>ts & ( _! connection ) ea* o!r4 ,suppose n[ t ! poet %\ld lead u 9 prop] ord] f "o "p ( ! object to ! o!r2 suppose he %\ld succe$ 9 mak+ ! connection ( ^! p>ts p]fectly cle> to u2 h[ mu* "t w he h consum$8 ,! details1 :i* ! eye takes 9 at a glance1 he enum]ates sl[ly "o by "o1 & x (t5 happ5s t1 by ! "t he has br\ght u to ! la/1 we h =gott5 ! fir/4 ,yet f ^! details we are to =m a picture4 ,:5 we look at an object ! v>i\s p>ts are always pres5t to ! eye4 ,x c run ov] !m aga9 & aga94 ,! e>1 h[ev]1 loses ! details x has he>d1 unless memory reta9 !m4 ,& if !y be s reta9$1 :at pa9s & ef=t x co/s to recall _! impressions 9 ! prop] ord] & ) ev5 ! mod]ate degree ( rapidity necess>y to ! obta9+ ( a tol]able idea ( ! :ole4 ,let u take an example :i* may be call$ a ma/]piece ( its k9d4 ,dort ragt das hohe ,haupt vom edeln ,enziane ,weit b]n ni$]n ,*or d] ,pbelkrut] h91 ,e9 ganzes ,blum5volk di5t unt] se9] ,fahne1 ,se9 blau] ,brud] selb/ bckt si* und ehret ihn4 ,d] ,blum5 helles ,gold1 9 ,/rahl5 umgebog51 ,?rmt si* am ,/5gel auf1 und krnt se9 grau ,gew&1 ,d] ,bltt] glattes ,weiss mit tiefem ,grn dur*zog51 ,/rahlt von dem bunt5 ,blitz von feu*tem ,diamant4 ,g]e*te/es ,gesetz6 dass ,kraft si* ,zi] v]mhle1 ,9 e9em s*n5 ,leib wohnt e9e s*n're ,seele4 ,hi] krie*t e9 ni$rig ,kraut1 glei* e9em grau5 ,nebel1 ,dem die ,natur se9 ,blatt im ,kreuze h+elegt1 ,die holde ,blume zeigt die zwei v]gldt5 ,s*nbel1 ,die e9 von ,ame?y/ gebildt] ,vogel trgt4 ,dort wirft e9 glnz5d ,blatt1 9 ,f+] ausgek]bet1 ,auf e95 hell5 ,ba* d5 grn5 ,wi$]s*e92 ,d] ,blum5 z>t5 ,s*nee1 d5 matt] ,purpur frbet1 ,s*lies/ e9 ge/reift] ,/]n 9 weisse ,/rahl5 e94 ,sm>agd und ,ros5 blhn au* auf z]tretn] ,heide1 ,und ,fels5 deck5 si* mit e9em ,purpurkleide4#ajf ,! le>n$ poet is "h pa9t+ plants & fl[]s ) great art & 9 /rict accordance ) nature1 b !re is no illusion 9 8 picture4 ,i d n mean t a p]son :o _h nev] se5 ^! plants & fl[]s c\ld =m little or no idea ( !m f 8 description4 ,p]haps all poetical pictures require a previ\s k ( _! subject4 ,nei!r w\ld ,i d5y t a p]son possess+ su* k might d]ive f ! poet a m vivid idea ( c]ta9 details4 ,i only ask h[ x is ) a conception ( ! :ole4 ,if t is to become m vivid1 none ( ! sep>ate details mu/ /& 9 undue prom95ce1 b ! new illum9ation mu/ be equally %>$ by all4 ,our imag9ation mu/ be able to embrace !m all ) equal rapidity 9 ord] to =m f !m 9 an in/ant t "o h>moni\s :ole :i* ! eye takes 9 at a glance4 ,is t ! case "h8 ,if n1 h[ c x be said1 8t ! mo/ exact copy produc$ by a pa9t] is dull & fa9t comp>$ ) ?is poetical description80#ajg ,x is f> inf]ior to :at l9es & colors c produce on canvas4 ,! critic :o be/[$ ^u x ?is exagg]at$ praise mu/ h reg>d$ x f an entirely false po9t ( view4 ,he mu/ h look$ at ! =eign graces :i* ! poet has wov5 into 8 description1 at 8 idealization ( vegetable life1 & 8 developm5t ( inw>d p]fections1 to :i* outw>d beauty s]ves b z ! %ell4 ,^! he 0 consid]+1 & n beauty itself or ! degree ( resemblance & vividness ( ! image1 :i* pa9t] & poet respectively c give u4 ,^u ?is la/ po9t e ?+ dep5ds1 & :oev] ma9ta9s t ! l9es1 ,d] ,blum5 helles ,gold 9 ,/rahl5 umgebog51 ,?rmt si* am ,/5gel auf1 und krnt se9 grau ,gew&1 ,d] ,bltt] glattes ,weiss1 mit tiefem ,grn dur*zog51 ,/rahlt von dem bunt5 ,blitz von feu*tem ,diamant1 c vie 9 vividness ( impression ) a fl[]piece by a ,huysum1 mu/ ei!r nev] h analyz$ 8 own s5sations1 or mu/ wilfully ignore !m4 ,x might be v pleasant to he> ! l9es read if we _h ! fl[]s 9 our h&2 b1 tak5 by !mselves1 !y say little or no?+4 ,i he> 9 e ^w ! labori\s poet1 b ! ?+ itself ,i am unable to see4 ,once m1 !n1 ,i d n d5y t language has ! p[] ( describ+ a corporeal :ole accord+ to its p>ts4 ,x c]ta9ly has1 because its signs1 al?\gh consecutive1 are nev]!less arbitr>y4 ,b ,i d5y t ?is p[] exi/s 9 language z ! in/rum5t ( poetry4 ,= illusion1 :i* is ! special aim ( poetry1 is n produc$ by ^! v]bal descriptions ( objects1 nor c x ev] be s produc$4 ,! coexi/5ce ( ! body comes into collision ) ! sequ5ce ( ! words1 & al?\gh :ile ! =m] is gett+ resolv$ into ! latt]1 ! dismemb]m5t ( ! :ole into its p>ts is a help to u1 yet ! reunion ( ^! p>ts into a :ole is made extremely difficult1 & n infrequ5tly impossible4 ,:]e ! writ] does n aim at illusion1 b is simply address+ ! und]/&+ ( 8 read]s ) ! desire ( awak5+ di/9ct &1 z f> z possible1 complete ideas1 !n ^! descriptions ( corporeal objects1 inadmissible z !y are 9 poetry1 are p]fectly appropriate4 ,n only ! prose writ]1 b ! didactic poet 7= 9 z f> z he is didactic he is no poet7 may use !m ) good effect4 ,?us ,virgil1 9 8 ,georgics1 describes a c[ fit = bre$+3-- ,optima torv ,=ma bovis1 cui turpe caput1 cui plurima c]vix1 ,et crurum t5us a m5to pale>ia p5d5t4 ,tum longo nullus lat]i modus3 omnia magna3 ,pes etiam1 et camuris hirt sub cornibus aures4 ,nec mihi displiceat maculis insignis et albo1 ,aut juga detractans int]dumque asp]a cornu1 ,et faciem tauro propior2 quque ardua tota1 ,et gradi5s ima v]rit ve/igia cauda4#ajh ,or a h&some colt3-- ,illi ardua c]vix1 ,argutumque caput1 brevis alvus1 obesaque t]ga1 ,luxuriatque toris animosum pectus1 c4#aji ,"h ! poet is pla9ly conc]n$ m ) ! sett+ =? ( ! sep>ate p>ts ?an ) ! effect ( ! :ole4 ,8 object is to tell u ! *>act]i/ics ( a h&some colt & a good c[1 s t we may judge ( _! excell5ce accord+ to ! numb] ( ^! *>act]i/ics :i* !y possess4 ,:e!r or n all ^! c be unit$ into a vivid picture 0 a matt] ( indiff]5ce to him4 ,except = ?is purpose1 elaborate pictures ( bodily objects1 unless help$ out by ! above-m5tion$ ,hom]ic device ( mak+ an actual s]ies out ( _! coexi/5t p>ts1 h always be5 consid]$ by ! be/ critics z ineffective trifles1 requir+ little or no g5ius4 8,:5 a poeta/]10 says ,horace1 8c d no?+ else1 he falls to describ+ a grove1 an alt>1 a brook w9d+ ?r\gh pleasant mead[s1 a ru%+ riv]1 or a ra9b[40 ,lucus et ara ,dian1 ,et prop]antis aqu p] amnos ambitus agros1 ,aut flum5 ,rh5um1 aut pluvius describitur arcus4#aaj ,pope1 :5 a man1 look$ back ) contempt on ! descriptive ef=ts ( 8 poetic *ildhood4 ,he expressly enjo9$ ^u e "o1 :o w\ld n prove himself unwor?y ! "n ( poet1 to ab&on z e>ly z possible ?is fondness = description4 ,a m]ely descriptive poem he decl>$ to be a fea/ made up ( sauces4#aaa ,h]r ,von ,klei/1 ,i "k1 prid$ himself v little on 8 8,spr+40 ,_h he liv$1 he w\ld h refa%ion$ x altoge!r4 ,he want$ to introduce into x "s plan1 & 0 m$itat+ h[ he c\ld be/ make ! cr[d ( pictures1 :i* seem$ to h be5 drawn at r&om f ! :ole va/ range ( fre% creation1 rise 9 "s natural ord] & foll[ ea* o!r 9 fitt+ sequ5ce4 ,he w\ld1 at ! same "t1 h done :at ,m>montel1 d\btless ) ref]5ce to 8 ,eclogues1 recomm5d$ to sev]al ,g]man poets4 ,he w\ld h conv]t$ a s]ies ( pictures scantily int]wov5 ) m5tal emotions1 into a s]ies ( emotions sp>+ly int]sp]s$ ) images4#aab ,,xviii4 ,& %all ,hom] nev]!less h fall5 into ^? b>r5 descriptions ( mat]ial objects8 ,let u hope t only a few su* passages c be cit$4 ,& ev5 ^? few1 ,i v5ture to ass]t1 w be f\nd really to confirm ! rule1 to :i* !y appe> to =m an exception4 ,! rule is ?is1 t succession 9 "t is ! prov9ce ( ! poet1 coexi/5ce 9 space t ( ! arti/4 ,to br+ toge!r into "o & ! same picture two po9ts ( "t necess>ily remote1 z ,mazzuoli does ! rape ( ! ,sab9e wom5 & ! reconciliation effect$ by !m betwe5 _! husb&s & relations2 or z ,titian does1 repres5t+ 9 "o piece ! :ole /ory ( ! ,prodigal ,son1--8 dissolute life1 8 mis]y1 & rep5tance1--is an encroa*m5t ( ! pa9t] on ! doma9 ( ! poet1 :i* good ta/e c nev] sanction4 ,to try to pres5t a complete picture to ! read] by enum]at+ 9 succession sev]al p>ts or ?+s :i* 9 nature ! eye necess>ily takes 9 at a glance1 is an encroa*m5t ( ! poet on ! doma9 ( ! pa9t]1 involv+ a great ef=t ( ! imag9ation to v little purpose4 ,pa9t+ & poetry %\ld be l two j & fri5dly neighbors1 nei!r ( :om inde$ is all[$ to take unseemly lib]ties 9 ! he>t ( ! o!r's doma91 b :o ex]cise mutual =be>ance on ! bord]s1 & effect a peaceful settlem5t = all ! petty encroa*m5ts :i* circum/ances may compel ei!r to make 9 ha/e on ! rights ( ! o!r4 ,i w n br+ =w>d 9 support ( ?is ! fact t1 9 l>ge hi/orical pictures ! s+le mom5t ( "t is always some:at ext5d$1 & t p]haps no piece1 v ri* 9 figures1 c be f\nd1 9 :i* e "* has exactly ! motion & attitude prop] to him at t p>ticul> mom5t4 ,! position ( "s belongs to a prec$+ po9t ( "t1 t ( o!rs to a lat]4 ,?is is a lib]ty :i* ! pa9t] mu/ ju/ify by c]ta9 subtleties ( arrangem5t1 su* z plac+ 8 figures m 9 ! =egr\nd or backgr\nd1 & ?us mak+ !m take a m or less imm$iate int]e/ 9 :at is go+ on4 ,i w m]ely quote1 9 favor ( my view1 a criticism ( ,m5gs on ,raphael's drap]y4#aac 8,!re is a reason = all 8 folds1 ei!r 9 ! weight ( ! mat]ial or ! t5sion ( ! limbs4 ,we c (t5 inf] f _! pres5t condition :at !y _h be5 previ\sly4 ,raphael inde$ aim$ at giv+ !m significance 9 ?is way4 ,we c judge f ! folds :e!r1 previ\sly to ! pres5t po/ure1 a leg or an arm _h be5 m 9 front or m beh9d1 :e!r a limb _h be5 b5t & is n[ /raight5+ itself1 or :e!r x _h be5 out/ret*$ & is n[ b5d+40 ,"h unque/ionably ! arti/ unites into "o two di/9ct po9ts ( "t4 ,=1 s9ce ! foot 9 its motion =w>d is imm$iately foll[$ by t portion ( ! g>m5t :i* re/s ^u x1--unless inde$ ! g>m5t be ( exce$+ly /iff mat]ial1 9 :i* case x is ill adapt$ to pa9t+1--!re c be no mom5t at :i* ! drap]y assumes 9 ! lea/ degree any o!r fold ?an ! pres5t po/ure ( ! limb dem&s4 ,if any o!r be repres5t$1 !n ! fold is t ( ! prec$+ mom5t :ile ! position ( ! foot is t ( ! pres5t4 ,few1 h[ev]1 w be incl9$ to deal ?us /rictly ) ! arti/ :o f9ds x = 8 int]e/ to br+ ^! two mom5ts ( "t be=e u at once4 ,:o w n r praise him = hav+ _h ! wisdom & ! c\rage to commit a slight fault = ! sake ( great] fulness ( expression8 ,a simil> indulg5ce is due to ! poet4 ,! cont9uity ( 8 imitation p]mits him1 /rictly speak+1 to t\* at "o mom5t on only a s+le side1 a s+le prop]ty ( 8 corporeal objects4 ,b if ! happy con/ruction ( 8 language enables him to d ?is ) a s+le ^w1 :y %\ld he n sometimes be all[$ to add a second su* ^w8 :y n a ?ird1 if x be wor? 8 :ile1 or ev5 a f\r?8 ,z ,i h said1 a %ip 9 ,hom] is ei!r simply ! black %ip1 or ! holl[ %ip1 or ! swift %ip2 at mo/ ! well-mann$ black %ip4 ,t is true ( 8 /yle 9 g5]al4 ,occasionally a passage occurs :]e he adds a ?ird descriptive epi!t3#aad 1 1 1 8r\nd1 braz51 eight-spok$ :eels40 ,ev5 a f\r?3 1 1 1 1#aae 8a uni=mly smoo?1 beautiful1 braz51 wr\ght %ield40 ,:o w n r ?ank ?an blame him = ?is little luxuriance1 :5 we p]ceive its good effect 9 a few suitable passages8 ,! true ju/ification ( bo? poet & pa9t] %all n1 h[ev]1 be left to re/ ^u ?is analogy ( two fri5dly neighbors4 ,a m]e analogy furni%es nei!r pro( nor ju/ification4 ,i ju/ify !m 9 ?is way4 ,z 9 ! picture ! two mom5ts ( "t foll[ ea* o!r s imm$iately t we c )\t ef=t consid] !m z "o1 s 9 ! poem ! sev]al t\*es answ]+ to ! diff]5t p>ts & prop]ties 9 space are s cond5s$1 & succe$ ea* o!r s rapidly1 t we seem to cat* !m all at once4 ,"h1 z ,i h said1 ,hom] is greatly aid$ by 8 admirable language4 ,x n only all[s him all possible fre$om 9 multiply+ & comb9+ 8 epi!ts1 b enables him to arrange !m s happily t we are reliev$ ( all awkw>d susp5se ) reg>d to ! subject4 ,"s ( ! mod]n languages are de/itute ( "o or m ( ^? advantages4 ,^? :i*1 l ! ,fr5*1 mu/ h rec\rse to p>aphrase1 & conv]t ! 1 1 ( ,hom] into 8! r\nd :eels :i* 7 ( brass & _h eight spokes10 give ! mean+1 b de/roy ! picture4 ,! s5se is "h1 h[ev]1 no?+2 ! picture e ?+4 ,! "o )\t ! o!r turns ! mo/ graphic ( poets into a tiresome tattl]4 ,?is fate has (t5 befall5 ,hom] "u ! p5 ( ! consci5ti\s ,madame ,daci]4 ,! ,g]man language c g5]ally r5d] ! ,hom]ic adjectives by equally %ort equival5ts1 b x _c foll[ ! happy arrangem5t ( ! ,greek4 ,x c say1 inde$1 8! r\nd1 braz51 eight-spok$20 b 8:eels0 comes dragg+ aft]4 ,?ree di/9ct pr$icates be=e any subject make b a confus$1 unc]ta9 picture4 ,! ,greek jo9s ! subject ) ! fir/ pr$icate & lets ! o!rs foll[4 ,he says1 8r\nd :eels1 braz51 eight-spok$40 ,?us we "k at once ( :at he is speak+1 & le>n fir/ ! ?+ & !n its accid5ts1 :i* is ! natural ord] ( our ?\ghts4 ,! ,g]man language does n possess ?is advantage4 ,or %all ,i say1 :at really am\nts to ! same ?+1 t1 al?\gh possess+ x1 ! language c seldom use x )\t ambiguity8 ,= if adjectives be plac$ aft] ! subject 7runde ,rd]1 eh]n und a*tspei*igt7 !y are indecl9able1 diff]+ 9 no?+ f adv]bs1 & if ref]r$1 z adv]bs1 to ! fir/ v]b t is pr$icat$ ( ! subject1 ! mean+ ( ! :ole s5t5ce becomes always di/ort$1 & sometimes entirely falsifi$4 ,b ,i am l+]+ ov] trifles & seem to h =gott5 ! %ield ( ,a*illes1 t fam\s picture1 :i* m ?an all else1 caus$ ,hom] to be reg>d$ among ! anci5ts z a ma/] ( pa9t+4#aaf ,b surely a %ield1 x may be said1 is a s+le corporeal object1 ! description ( :i* accord+ to its coexi/5t p>ts _c come )9 ! prov9ce ( poetry4 ,yet ?is %ield1 its mat]ial1 its =m1 & all ! figures :i* occupi$ its enorm\s surface1 ,hom] has describ$1 9 m ?an a hundr$ magnific5t l9es1 s circum/antially & precisely t mod]n arti/s h f\nd no difficulty 9 mak+ a draw+ ( x exact 9 e detail4 ,my answ] to ?is p>ticul> objection is1 t ,i h already answ]$ x4 ,hom] does n pa9t ! %ield f9i%$1 b 9 ! process ( creation4 ,"h aga9 he has made use ( ! happy device ( sub/itut+ progression = coexi/5ce1 & ?us conv]t$ ! tiresome description ( an object into a graphic picture ( an action4 ,we see n ! %ield1 b ! div9e ma/]-workman employ$ ^u x4 ,hamm] & tongs 9 h& he approa*es ! anvil2 &1 aft] hav+ =g$ ! plates f ! r\gh metal1 he makes ! pictures design$ = its decoration rise f ! brass1 "o by "o1 "u 8 f9] bl[s4 ,n till ! :ole is f9i%$ d we lose sight ( him4 ,at la/ x is done2 & we wond] at ! "w1 b ) ! believ+ wond] ( an eyewitness :o has se5 x a-mak+4 ,! same _c be said ( ! %ield ( neas 9 ,virgil4 ,! ,roman poet ei!r fail$ to see ! f95ess ( 8 model1 or ! ?+s :i* he wi%$ to repres5t ^u 8 %ield seem$ to him n ( su* a k9d z to all[ ( _! be+ execut$ be=e our eyes4 ,!y 7 prophecies1 :i* ! god c]ta9ly c\ld n ) propriety h utt]$ 9 our pres5ce z di/9ctly z ! poet expla9s !m 9 8 "w4 ,prophecies1 z su*1 require a d>k] spee*1 9 :i* ! names ( ^? p]sons to come1 ^: =tunes are pr$ict$1 _c well be spok54 ,9 ^! actual names1 h[ev]1 lay1 x w\ld seem1 ! *ief po9t ( int]e/ to ! poet & c\rti]4#aag ,b ?is1 ?\gh x excuse him1 does n d away ) ! disagreeable effect ( 8 dep>ture f ! ,hom]ic me?od1 z all read]s ( ta/e w admit4 ,! prep>ations made by ,vulcan are ne>ly ! same 9 ,hom] z 9 ,virgil4 ,b :ile 9 ,hom] we see1 besides ! prep>ations = ! "w1 ! "w itself1 ,virgil1 aft] %[+ u ! god at "w ) 8 ,cyclops1 ,+5tem clypeum in=mant 444 444 ,alii v5tosis follibus auras ,accipiunt1 r$duntque2 alii /rid5tia t+unt ra lacu4 ,gemit impositis incudibus antrum4 ,illi int] sese multa vi bra*ia tollunt ,9 num]um1 v]santque t5aci =cipe massam1#aah sudd5ly drops ! curta9 & transports u to a :olly diff]5t sc5e4 ,we are gradually l$ into ! valley :]e ,v5us appe>s1 br++ neas ! arms t 9 ! mean :ile h be5 f9i%$4 ,%e places !m aga9/ ! trunk ( an oak2 &1 aft] ! h]o has suffici5tly />$ at !m1 & wond]$ ov] !m1 & h&l$ !m1 & tri$ !m1 ! description or picture ( ! %ield beg9s1 :i* gr[s s cold & t$i\s f ! con/antly recurr+ 8"h is10 & 8!re is10 & 8ne> by /&s10 & 8n f> f !re is se510 t all ,virgil's poetic grace is ne$$ to prev5t x f becom+ intol]able4 ,s9ce1 moreov]1 ?is description is n giv5 by neas1 :o delights 9 ! m]e figures )\t any k ( _! import1 444 r]umque ign>us imag9e gaudet1 nor by ,v5us1 al?\gh %e might be suppos$ to "k z mu* ab\t ! =tunes ( h] de> gr&son z h] good-natur$ husb&1 b by ! poet himself1 ! action mean:ile necess>ily rema9s at a /&-/ill4 ,n a s+le "o ( ! *>act]s takes "p2 nor is :at foll[s 9 ! lea/ affect$ by ! repres5tations on ! %ield4 ,! subtle c\rti]1 help+ out 8 mat]ial ) e mann] ( flatt]+ allusion1 is app>5t ?r\gh\t2 b no trace d we see ( ! great g5ius1 :o tru/s to ! intr9sic m]it ( 8 "w1 & despises all extrane\s means ( awak5+ int]e/4 ,! %ield ( neas is !re=e1 9 fact1 an int]polation1 int5d$ solely to flatt] ! pride ( ! ,romans2 a =eign brook ) :i* ! poet seeks to give fre% movem5t to 8 /ream4 ,! %ield ( ,a*illes1 on ! contr>y1 is ! outgr[? ( its own fruitful soil4 ,= a %ield 0 ne$$2 &1 s9ce ev5 :at is necess>y nev] comes f ! h&s ( deity devoid ( beauty1 ! %ield _h to be ornam5t$4 ,! art 0 9 treat+ ^! ornam5tations z su*1 & no?+ m2 9 s weav+ !m into ! mat]ial t :5 we look at t we _c b see !m4 ,?is c\ld be accompli%$ only by ! me?od :i* ,hom] adopt$4 ,hom] makes ,vulcan devise decorations1 because he is to make a %ield wor?y ( a div9e workman4 ,virgil seems to make him fa%ion ! %ield = ! sake ( ! decorations1 s9ce he deems ^! ( suffici5t importance to des]ve a special description long aft] ! %ield is f9i%$4 ,,xix4 ,! objections br\ght aga9/ ,hom]'s %ield by ! eld] ,scalig]1 ,p]rault1 ,t]rasson1 & o!rs1 are well kn[n1 z are also ! answ]s ( ,madame ,daci]1 ,boiv91 & ,pope4 ,b ^! latt]1 x seems to me1 h gone some:at too f>1 & confid+ 9 ! ju/ness ( _! cause h ass]t$ ?+s incorrect 9 !mselves & contribut+ little to ! poet's ju/ification4 ,9 answ] to ! *ief objection1 t ,hom] _h burd5$ 8 %ield ) m figures ?an !re c\ld possibly h be5 room =1 ,boiv9 und]took to %[ 9 a draw+ h[ ! necess>y space might be obta9$4 ,8 idea ( ! v>i\s conc5tric circles 0 v +5i\s1 al?\gh !re is no f\ndation = x 9 ! poet's words & no?+ any:]e to indicate t %ields divid$ 9 ?is way 7 kn[n to ! anci5ts4 ,s9ce ,hom] calls x 7 7 a %ield1 arti/ically wr\ght on all sides1 ,i %\ld pref] to ga9 ! requir$ space by turn+ to acc\nt ! concave surface4 ,a pro( t ! old arti/s did n leave ?is empty is furni%$ 9 ! %ield ( ,m9]va by ,phidias4#aai ,b n only does ,boiv9 fail to seize ?is advantage1 b1 by sep>at+ into two or ?ree pictures :at ! poet evid5tly meant = "o1 he unnecess>ily multiplies ! repres5tations :ile dim9i%+ ! space by "o-half4 ,i "k ! motive :i* l$ him to ?is1 b x 0 "o by :i* he %\ld n h all[$ himself to be influ5c$4 ,he %\ld h %[n 8 oppon5ts ! unreasonabl5ess ( _! dem&s1 in/ead ( try+ to satisfy !m4 ,an example w make my mean+ cle>4 ,:5 ,hom] says ( "o ( ! two cities3#abj ' ' ' 1 1 ' ' 4 ' 1 4 ' ' 1 ' ' 1 4 ' ' 1 he ref]s1 z ,i und]/& him1 to b a s+le picture1 t ( a public lawsuit ab\t ! conte/$ paym5t ( a consid]able f9e = ! committal ( a murd]4 ,! arti/1 :o is to execute ?is design1 c use b a s+le mom5t ( ! action1--t ( ! accusation1 ( ! exam9ation ( witnesses1 ( ! pron\nc+ ( ! s5t5ce1 or any o!r prec$+ or foll[+ or int]v5+ mom5t :i* may seem to him mo/ fitt+4 ,?is s+le mom5t he makes z pregnant z possible1 & reproduces x ) all t p[] ( illusion :i* 9 ! pres5tation ( visible objects art possesses above poetry4 ,left f> beh9d 9 ?is respect1 :at rema9s to ! poet1 if 8 words are to pa9t ! same design ) any degree ( success1 b to avail himself ( 8 peculi> advantages8 ,^! are ! lib]ty ( ext5d+ 8 repres5tation ov] :at prec$$1 z well z :at 0 to foll[1 ! arti/'s s+le po9t ( "t1 & ! p[] ( %[+ n only :at ! arti/ %[s1 b :at he has to leave to our imag9ation4 ,only by us+ ^! advantages c ! poet raise himself to a level ) ! arti/4 ,_! works mo/ resemble ea* o!r :5 _! effect is equally vivid2 n :5 "o br+s be=e ! imag9ation ?r\gh ! e> nei!r m nor less ?an ! o!r pres5ts to ! eye4 ,_h ,boiv9 def5d$ ! passage 9 ,hom] accord+ to ?is pr9ciple1 he w\ld n h divid$ x into z _m sep>ate pictures z he ?\ght he detect$ di/9ct po9ts ( "t4 ,all t ,hom] relates c\ld n1 inde$1 be unit$ 9 a s+le picture4 ,! accusation & ! d5ial1 ! summon+ ( ! witnesses & ! %\ts ( ! divid$ populace1 ! ef=ts ( ! h]alds to quiet ! tumult & ! s5t5ce ( ! judges1 are ?+s successive 9 "t1 n coexi/5t 9 space4 ,b :at is n actually 9 ! picture is !re virtually1 & ! only true way ( repres5t+ an actual picture 9 words is to comb9e :at virtually exi/s 9 x ) :at is absolutely visible4 ,! poet :o all[s himself to be b\nd by ! limits ( art may furni% data = a picture1 b c nev] create "o ( 8 own4 ,! picture ( ! beleagu]$ city#aba ,boiv9 divides likewise into ?ree4 ,he might z well h made twelve out ( x z ?ree4 ,= s9ce he has once = all fail$ to grasp ! _s ( ! poet1 & requires him to be b\nd by ! unities ( a mat]ial picture1 he might h discov]$ _m m violations ( ^! unities4 ,9 fact he ought almo/ to h devot$ a sep>ate space on ! %ield to e sep>ate t\* ( ! poet4 ,9 my op9ion ,hom] has b t5 diff]5t pictures on ! :ole %ield1 e "o ( :i* he introduces ) 1 or 1 or ' 1 or 1 8on x he wr\ght10 8on x he plac$10 8on x he =m$10 8on x ,vulcan skilfully fa%ion$40#abb ,9 ! abs5ce ( ^! introductory words we h no "r to suppose a di/9ct picture4 ,on ! contr>y e ?+ :i* !y cov] mu/ be reg>d$ z a s+le :ole1 want+ 9 no?+ b ! arbitr>y conc5tration into "o mom5t ( "t1 :i* ! poet 0 9 no way b\nd to obs]ve4 ,_h he obs]v$ ?is1 &1 by /rictly limit+ himself to x1 exclud$ e little feature :i* 9 ! mat]ial repres5tation w\ld h be5 inconsi/5t ) ?is unity ( "t2 _h he 9 fact done :at 8 cavill]s require1--^! g5tlem5 w\ld inde$ h _h no fault to f9d ) him1 b nei!r w\ld any p]son ( ta/e h f\nd aught to admire4 ,pope n only accept$ ,boiv9's draw+1 b ?\ght he 0 do+ a special s]vice by %[+ t e "o ( ^! mutilat$ pieces 0 9 accordance ) ! /ricte/ rules ( pa9t+1 z laid d[n at ! pres5t day4 ,contra/1 p]spective1 ! ?ree unities1 he f\nd1 7 all obs]v$ 9 ! be/ possible mann]4 ,& al?\gh well aw>e t1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( good & tru/wor?y witnesses1 pa9t+ at ! "t ( ! ,trojan w> 0 /ill 9 its cradle1 he supposes ei!r t ,hom]1 in/ead ( be+ b\nd by ! a*ievem5ts ( pa9t+ at t "t or 9 8 own day1 mu/ 9 virtue ( 8 godlike g5ius h anticipat$ all t art %\ld 9 future be able to accompli%1 or else t ! witnesses c\ld n h be5 s entirely wor?y ( fai? t ! direct te/imony ( ?is arti/ic %ield %\ld n be pref]r$ to !irs4 ,:oev] w1 may accept ! =m] supposition3 ! latt]1 surely1 no "o w be p]suad$ to adopt :o kn[s any ?+ m ( ! hi/ory ( art ?an ! date ( ! hi/orians4 ,t pa9t+ 9 ! "t ( ,hom] 0 /ill 9 its infancy he believes1 n m]ely on ! au?ority ( ,pl9y1 or "s o!r writ]1 b *iefly because1 judg+ f ! works ( art m5tion$ by ! anci5ts1 he sees t ev5 c5turies lat] no great progress _h be5 made4 ,! pictures ( ,polygnotus1 = in/ance1 by no means /& ! te/ :i* ,pope ?9ks c be successfully appli$ to ,hom]'s %ield4 ,! two great works by ?is ma/] at ,delphi1 ( :i* ,pausanias has left a circum/antial description1#abc 7 evid5tly :olly want+ 9 p]spective4 ,! anci5ts _h no k ( ?is bran* ( art1 & :at ,pope adduces z pro( t ,hom] und]/ood x1 only proves t he has a v imp]fect und]/&+ ( x himself4#abd 8,t ,hom]10 he says1 80 n a /rang] to a]ial p]spective appe>s 9 8 expressly m>k+ ! di/ance ( object f object4 ,he tells u1 = in/ance1 t ! two spies lay a little remote f ! o!r figures1 & t ! oak "u :i* 0 spread ! banquet ( ! reap]s /ood ap>t4 ,:at he says ( ! valley spr9kl$ all ov] ) cottages & flocks appe>s to be a description ( a l>ge c\ntry 9 p]spective4 ,&1 inde$1 a g5]al argum5t = ?is may be drawn f ! numb] ( figures on ! %ield1 :i* c\ld n be all express$ 9 _! full size2 & ?is is !re=e a sort ( pro( t ! art ( less5+ !m accord+ to p]spective 0 kn[n at t "t40 ,! m]e repres5t+ ( an object at a di/ance z small] ?an x w\ld be if ne>] ! eye1 by no means con/itutes p]spective 9 a picture4 ,p]spective requires a s+le po9t ( view2 a def9ite1 natural horizon2 & ?is 0 want+ 9 ! old pictures4 ,9 ! pa9t+s ( ,polygnotus ! gr\nd1 in/ead ( be+ level1 rose s decid$ly at ! back t ! figures :i* 7 meant to /& beh9d seem$ to be /&+ above "o ano!r4 ,if ?is 0 ! usual position ( ! v>i\s figures & gr\ps1--& t x 0 s may fairly be conclud$ f ! old bas-reliefs1 :]e ^? beh9d always /& high] ?an ^? 9 front1 & look ov] _! heads1--!n we may reasonably take x = grant$ 9 ,hom]1 & %\ld n unnecess>ily dismemb] ^? repres5tations ( 81 :i* accord+ to ?is treatm5t might be unit$ 9 a s+le picture4 ,! d\ble sc5e 9 ! peaceful city1 ?r\gh ^: /reets a joy\s m>riage tra9 0 mov+ at ! same "t t an important trial 0 go+ on 9 ! m>ket-place1 requires ?us no d\ble picture4 ,hom] c\ld v well ?9k ( x z "o1 s9ce he imag9$ himself to be ov]look+ ! city f su* a height z to comm& at once a view ( ! /reets & ! m>ket4 ,my op9ion is t p]spective 9 pictures came incid5tally f sc5e-pa9t+1 :i* 0 already 9 its p]fection4 ,b ! applications ( its rules to a s+le smoo? surface 0 evid5tly no easy matt]2 =1 ev5 9 ! lat] pa9t+s f\nd among ! antiquities ( ,h]culaneum1 !re are _m & v>i\s (f5ces aga9/ p]spective1 :i* w\ld n[ h>dly be excusable ev5 9 a beg9n]4#abe ,b ,i w sp>e myself ! labor ( collect+ my desultory obs]vations on a po9t :]eon ,i may hope to receive complete satisfaction f ,w9kelmann's promis$ 8,hi/ory ( ,art40#abf ,,xx4 ,to return1 !n1 to my road1 if a saunt]] c be said to h a road4 ,:at ,i h be5 say+ ( bodily objects 9 g5]al applies ) ev5 m =ce to ^? :i* are beautiful4 ,physical beauty results f ! h>moni\s action ( v>i\s p>ts :i* c be tak5 9 at a glance4 ,x !re=e requires t ^! p>ts %\ld lie ne> toge!r2 &1 s9ce ?+s ^: p>ts lie ne> toge!r are ! prop] subjects ( pa9t+1 ?is art & ?is alone c imitate physical beauty4 ,! poet1 :o mu/ necess>ily detail 9 succession ! elem5ts ( beauty1 %\ld !re=e desi/ entirely f ! description ( physical beauty z su*4 ,he mu/ feel t ^! elem5ts arrang$ 9 a s]ies _c possibly produce ! same effect z 9 juxtaposition2 t ! conc5trat+ glance :i* we try to ca/ back ov] !m imm$iately aft] _! enum]ation1 gives u no h>moni\s picture2 & t to conceive ! effect ( c]ta9 eyes1 a c]ta9 m\? & nose tak5 toge!r1 unless we c recall a simil> comb9ation ( su* p>ts 9 nature or art1 surpasses ! p[] ( human imag9ation4 ,"h aga9 ,hom] is ! model ( all models4 ,he says1 ,nireus 0 fair2 ,a*illes 0 fair]2 ,hel5 0 ( godlike beauty4 ,b he is n[h]e betray$ into a m detail$ description ( ^! beauties4 ,yet ! :ole poem is bas$ ^u ! lovel9ess ( ,hel54 ,h[ a mod]n poet w\ld h revell$ 9 descriptions ( x6 ,ev5 ,con/ant9us ,manasses s\ght to adorn 8 bald *ronicle ) a picture ( ,hel54 ,i mu/ ?ank him = ! attempt1 = ,i really %\ld n "k :]e else to turn = s /rik+ an example ( ! folly ( v5tur+ on :at ,hom]'s wisdom =bore to und]take4 ,:5 ,i read 9 him3#abg 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 x is l see+ /ones roll$ up a m\nta91#abh on ^: summit !y are to be built into a gorge\s edifice2 b :i* all roll d[n ( !mselves on ! o!r side4 ,:at picture does ?is cr[d ( words leave beh9d8 ,h[ did ,hel5 look8 ,no two read]s out ( a ?\s& w\ld receive ! same impression ( h]4 ,b political v]ses by a monk are1 x is true1 no poetry4 ,let u he> ,ario/o describe 8 en*antress ,alc9a3#abi-- ,di p]sona era tanto b5 =mata1 ,quanto mai f+] san pittori indu/ri4 ,con bionda *ioma1 lunga e annodata1 ,oro non 1 *e piu rispl5da e lu/ri4 ,sp>geasi p] la guancia delicata ,mi/o color di rose e di ligu/ri4 ,di t]so avorio era la fronte lieta1 ,*e lo spazio f9ia con giu/a meta4 ,sotto due negri1 e sottilissimi ar*i ,son due negri1 oc*i1 anzi due *i>i soli ,pietosi a rigu>d>1 a mov] p>*i1 ,intorno a cui p> *' ,amor s*]zi1 e voli1 ,e *' indi tutta la f>etra sc>*i1 ,e *e visibilm5te i cori involi4 ,qu9di il naso p] mezzo il viso sc5de ,*e non trova l' invidia ove l' em5de4 ,sotto quel /a1 quasi fra due vallette1 ,la bocca sp>sa di natio c9abro1 ,quivi due filze son di p]le elette1 ,*e *iude1 ed apre un bello e dolce labro2 ,qu9di escon le cortesi p>olette1 ,da r5d] molle ogni cor rozzo e scabro2 ,quivi si =ma quel soave riso1 ,*' apre a sua po/a 9 t]ra il p>adiso4 ,bianca neve il pel collo1 e 'l petto latte1 ,il collo tondo1 il petto colmo e l>go2 ,due pome ac]be1 e pur d' avorio fatte1 ,v5gono e van1 come onda al primo m>go1 ,qu&o piacevole aura il m> combatte4 ,non potria l' altre p>ti v$] ,argo1 ,b5 si pu giudic>1 *e corrisponde1 ,a quel *' app> di fuor1 quel *e s' asconde4 ,mo/ran le braccia sua misura giu/a1 ,et la c&ida man spesso si v$e1 ,lunghetta alquanto1 e di l>ghezza angu/a1 ,dove n nodo app>1 n v5a ecc$e4 ,si v$e al f9 de la p]sona augu/a ,il breve1 asciutto1 e ritondetto pi$e4 ,gli angelici sembianti nati 9 cielo ,non si ponno cel> sotto alcun velo4 ,milton1 speak+ ( ,p&emonium1 says3-- ,! "w "s praise1 & "s ! ar*itect4 ,praise ( "o1 !n1 is n always praise ( ! o!r4 ,a "w ( art may m]it great approbation )\t r$\nd+ mu* to ! cr$it ( ! arti/2 &1 aga91 an arti/ may ju/ly claim our admiration1 ev5 :5 8 "w does n entirely satisfy u4 ,by be>+ ?is 9 m9d we c (t5 reconcile contradictory judgm5ts1 z 9 ! pres5t case4 ,dolce1 9 8 dialogues on pa9t+1 makes ,aret9o speak 9 t]ms ( ! highe/ praise ( ! above-quot$ /anzas1#acj :ile ,i select !m z an in/ance ( pa9t+ )\t picture4 ,we are bo? "r4 ,dolce admires ! k ( physical beauty :i* ! poet %[s3 ,i consid] only ! effect :i* ?is k1 convey$ 9 words1 produces on my imag9ation4 ,dolce concludes f ?is k t good poets are no less good pa9t]s3 ,i1 judg+ f ! effect1 conclude t :at pa9t]s c be/ express by l9es & colors is lea/ capable ( expression 9 words4 ,dolce recomm5ds ,ario/o's description to all pa9t]s z a p]fect model ( a beautiful woman3 ,i recomm5d x to all poets z ! mo/ in/ructive ( w>n+s n to attempt1 ) /ill great] want ( success1 :at c\ld n b fail :5 tri$ by an ,ario/o4 ,x may be t :5 ! poet says1-- ,di p]sona era tanto b5 =mata1 ,quanto mai f+] san pittori indu/ri1 he proves himself to h _h a complete k ( ! laws ( p]spective1 su* z only ! mo/ indu/ri\s arti/ c acquire f a /udy ( nature & ( anci5t art4#aca ,9 ! words1-- ,sp>geasi p] la guancia delicata ,mi/o color di rose e di ligu/ri1 he may %[ himself to be a p]fect ma/] ( color1--a v ,titian4#acb ,8 comp>+ ,alc9a's hair to gold1 in/ead ( call+ x gold5 hair1 may be tak5 z pro( t he object$ to ! use ( actual gold 9 color+4#acc ,we may ev5 discov] 9 ! desc5d+ nose ! pr(ile ( ^? old ,greek noses1 aft]w>ds borr[$ by ,roman arti/s f ! ,greek ma/]pieces4#acd ,( :at use is all ?is insight & le>n+ to u read]s :o want to fancy we are look+ at a beautiful woman1 & desire to feel t g5tle quick5+ ( ! pulses :i* accompanies ! sight ( actual beauty8 ,! poet may "k ! relations f :i* beauty spr+s1 b does t make u "k !m8 ,or1 if we "k !m1 does he %[ !m to u "h8 or does he help u 9 ! lea/ to call up a vivid image ( !m8 ,a br[ t =ms a fitt+ b\nd1 ,*e lo spazio f9ia con giu/a meta2 ,a nose :]e envy itself f9ds no?+ to am5d1 ,*e non trova l' invidia1 ove l' em5de2 ,a h&1 n>r[1 & some:at long1 ,lunghetta alquanto1 e di l>ghezza angu/a2 :at sort ( a picture d ^! g5]al =mul give u8 ,9 ! m\? ( a draw+-ma/]1 direct+ 8 pupils' att5tion to ! beauties ( ! academic model1 !y might h "s mean+4 ,= ! /ud5ts w\ld h b to look at ! model to see ! fitt+ b\nds ( ! gay =ehead1 ! f9e cut ( ! nose1 & ! sl5d]ness ( ! pretty h&4 ,b 9 ! poem ,i see no?+1 & am only torm5t$ by ! futility ( all my attempts to see any ?+4 ,9 ?is respect ,virgil1 by imitat+ ,hom]'s retic5ce1 has a*iev$ tol]able success4 ,8 ,dido is only ! mo/ beautiful 7pul*]rima7 ,dido4 ,any fur!r details :i* he may give1 h ref]5ce to h] ri* ornam5ts & magnific5t dress4 ,t&em progr$itur 444 ,sidoniam picto *lamydem circumdata limbo3 ,cui ph>etra ex auro1 cr9es nodantur 9 aurum1 ,aurea purpuream subnectit fibula ve/em4#ace ,if1 on ?is acc\nt1 any %\ld apply to him :at ! old arti/ said to "o ( 8 pupils :o _h pa9t$ a gayly deck$ ,hel51--8,s9ce y c\ld n pa9t h] beautiful1 y h pa9t$ h] ri*10--,virgil w\ld answ]3 8,i am n to blame t ,i c\ld n pa9t h] beautiful4 ,! fault lies 9 ! limits ( my art1 )9 :i* x is my m]it to h kept40 ,i mu/ n =get "h ! two odes ( ,anacreon :]e9 he analyzes ! beauty ( 8 mi/ress & ( ,ba?yllus4#acf ,! device :i* he uses entirely ju/ifies ! analysis4 ,he imag9es t he has be=e him a pa9t] :o is work+ f 8 description4 8,?us pa9t me ! hair10 he says2 8?us ! br[1 ! eyes1 ! m\?2 ?us ! neck & bosom1 ! ?ighs & h&s40 ,z ! arti/ c\ld execute b "o detail at a "t1 ! poet 0 oblig$ to give !m to him ?us piecemeal4 ,8 object is n to make u see & feel1 9 ^! spok5 directions to ! pa9t]1 ! :ole beauty ( ! belov$ object4 ,he is consci\s ( ! inadequacy ( all v]bal expression2 & = t reason summons to 8 aid ! expression ( art1 ^: p[] ( illusion he s extols1 t ! :ole song seems r a eulogium ( art ?an ( 8 lady4 ,he sees n ! picture b h]self1 & fancies %e is ab\t to op5 h] m\? to speak4 4 1 1 4 ,s1 too1 9 8 ode to ,ba?yllus1 ! praises ( ! beautiful boy are s m+l$ ) praises ( art & ! arti/1 t we are 9 d\bt 9 ^: honor ! song 0 really writt54 ,he selects ! mo/ beautiful p>ts f v>i\s pictures1 ! p>ts = :i* ! pictures 7 rem>kable4 ,he takes ! neck f an ,adonis1 brea/ & h&s f a ,m]cury1 ! ?ighs f a ,pollux1 ! belly f a ,bac*us1 until he has ! :ole ,ba?yllus z a f9i%$ ,apollo f ! arti/'s h&4 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 ,?us ,lucian1 to give an idea ( ! beauty ( ,pan!a1 po9ts to ! mo/ beautiful female /atues by ! old sculptors4#acg ,:at is ?is b a confession t "h language ( itself is p[]less2 t poetry /amm]s1 & eloqu5ce gr[s dumb1 unless art s]ve z int]pret]4 ,,xxi4 ,b are we n robb+ poetry ( too mu* by tak+ f h] all pictures ( physical beauty8 ,:o seeks to take !m f h]8 ,we are only w>n+ h] aga9/ try+ to arrive at !m by a p>ticul> road1 :]e %e w bl9dly grope h] way 9 ! foot/eps ( a si/] art )\t ev] rea*+ ! goal4 ,we are n clos+ aga9/ h] o!r roads :]eon art c foll[ only ) h] eyes4 ,hom] himself1 :o s p]si/5tly refra9s f all detail$ descriptions ( physical beauty1 t we b>ely le>n1 f a pass+ m5tion1 t ,hel5 _h :ite arms#ach & beautiful hair1#aci ev5 he manages nev]!less to give u an idea ( h] beauty1 :i* f> surpasses any ?+ t art c\ld d4 ,recall ! passage :]e ,hel5 ent]s ! assembly ( ! ,trojan eld]s4 ,! v5]able m5 see h] com+1 & "o says to ! o!rs3#adj-- ' 4 ,:at c give a m vivid idea ( h] beauty ?an t cold-blood$ age %\ld deem x well wor? ! w> :i* _h co/ s mu* blood & s _m te>s8 ,:at ,hom] c\ld n describe 9 its details1 he %[s u by its effect4 ,pa9t u1 ye poets1 ! delight1 ! attraction1 ! love1 ! en*antm5t ( beauty1 & y h pa9t$ beauty itself4 ,:o c ?9k ( ,sappho's belov$1 ! sight ( :om1 z %e confesses1 robs h] ( s5se & ?\ght1 z ugly8 ,we seem to be gaz+ on a beautiful & p]fect =m1 :5 we sympa?ize ) ! emotions :i* only su* a =m c produce4 ,x is n ,ovid's m9ute description ( ! beauties ( 8 ,lesbia1-- ,quos hum]os1 quales vidi tetigique lac]tos6 ,=ma papill>um quam fuit apta premi6 ,quam ca/igato planus sub pectore v5t]6 ,quantum et quale latus6 quam juv5ile femur6 t makes u fancy we are enjoy+ ! same sight :i* he enjoy$2 b because he gives ! details ) a s5su\sness :i* /irs ! passions4 ,yet ano!r way 9 :i* poetry surpasses art 9 ! description ( physical beauty1 is by turn+ beauty into *>m4 ,*>m is beauty 9 motion1 & !re=e less adapt$ to ! pa9t] ?an ! poet4 ,! pa9t] c sugge/ motion1 b 8 figures are really de/itute ( x4 ,*>m !re=e 9 a picture becomes grimace1 :ile 9 poetry x rema9s :at x is1 a transitory beauty1 :i* we w\ld fa9 see repeat$4 ,x comes & goes1 & s9ce we c recall a motion m vividly & easily ?an m]e =ms & colors1 *>m mu/ affect u m /rongly ?an beauty "u ! same conditions4 ,all t t\*es & pleases 9 ! picture ( ,alc9a is *>m4 ,h] eyes impress u n f _! blackness & fire1 b because !y are-- ,pietosi a rigu>d>1 a mov] p>*i1 !y move sl[ly & ) graci\s glances1 because ,cupid sports ar\nd !m & %oots f !m 8 arr[s4 ,h] m\? pleases1 n because v]milion lips enclose two r[s ( ori5t pe>ls1 b because ( ! g5tle smile1 :i* op5s a p>adise on e>?1 & ( ! c\rte\s acc5ts t melt ! rude/ he>t4 ,! en*antm5t ( h] bosom lies n s mu* 9 ! milk & ivory & apples1 t typify its :it5ess & graceful =m1 z 9 its g5tle heav+s1 l ! rise & fall ( waves "u a pleasant breeze4 ,due pome ac]be1 e pur d' avorio fatte1 ,v5gono e van1 come onda al primo m>go1 ,qu&o piacevole aura il m> combatte4 ,i am conv9c$ t su* traits z ^!1 compress$ into "o or two /anzas1 w\ld be f> m effective ?an ! five ov] :i* ,ario/o has spread !m1 int]sp]s$ ) cold descriptions ( =m mu* too le>n$ = our s5sibilities4 ,anacreon pref]r$ ! app>5t absurdity ( requir+ impossibilities ( ! arti/1 to leav+ ! image ( 8 mi/ress un5liv5$ ) ^! mobile *>ms4 ' 4 ,he bids ! arti/ let all ! graces hov] ab\t h] t5d] *9 & m>ble neck4 ,h[ s8 lit]ally8 ,b t is beyond ! p[] ( art4 ,! pa9t] c\ld give ! *9 ! mo/ graceful curve & ! prettie/ dimple1 ,amoris digitulo impressum 7= ! "h seems to me to mean dimple72 he c\ld give ! neck ! s(te/ p9k1 b t is all4 ,! motion ( t beautiful neck1 ! play ( ! muscles1 n[ deep5+ & n[ half conceal+ ! dimple1 ! ess5tial *>m exce$$ 8 p[]s4 ,! poet w5t to ! limits ( 8 art 9 ! attempt to give u a vivid picture ( beauty1 9 ord] t ! pa9t] might seek ! highe/ expression 9 84 ,"h we h1 !re=e1 a fre% illu/ration ( :at 0 urg$ above1 t ! poet1 ev5 :5 speak+ ( a pa9t+ or /atue1 is n b\nd to conf9e 8 description )9 ! limits ( art4 ,,xxii4 ,zeuxis pa9t$ a ,hel51 & _h ! c\rage to write b5ea? 8 picture ^? fam\s l9es ( ,hom] :]e9 ! eld]s express _! admiration ( h] beauty4 ,nev] did pa9t+ & poetry engage 9 clos] rivalry4 ,victory rema9$ undecid$1 & bo? des]v$ to be cr[n$4 ,= z ! wise poet %[$ u only 9 its effects ! beauty :i* he felt ! impossibility ( describ+ 9 detail1 s ! equally wise pa9t] exhibit$ beauty solely ?r\gh its details1 deem+ x unwor?y ( 8 art to h rec\rse to any outw>d aids4 ,8 :ole picture 0 ! nak$ figure ( ,hel54 ,= x 0 probably ! same t he pa9t$ = ! p ( ,cortona4#ada ,let u1 = curiosity's sake1 comp>e ) ?is ,caylus's picture z sket*$ = mod]n arti/s f ! same l9es ( ,hom]4 8,hel51 cov]$ ) a :ite veil1 appe>s 9 ! mid/ ( sev]al old m51 ,priam among ! numb]1 :o %\ld be at once recognizable by ! emblems ( 8 royal dignity4 ,! arti/ mu/ especially ex]t 8 skill to make u feel ! triumph ( beauty 9 ! eag] glances & expressions ( a/oni%$ admiration on ! c\nt5ances ( ! old m54 ,! sc5e is ov] "o ( ! gates ( ! t[n4 ,! backgr\nd ( ! pa9t+ may be lo/ ei!r 9 ! op5 sky or aga9/ ! high] build+s ( ! t[n4 ,! fir/ w\ld be ! bold]1 b ! "o w\ld be z suitable z ! o!r40 ,imag9e ?is picture1 execut$ by ! greate/ ma/] ( our "t1 & comp>e x ) ! "w ( ,zeuxis4 ,:i* w %[ ! real triumph ( beauty8 ,?is1 :]e ,i feel x myself1 or t1 :]e ,i am to inf] x f ! grimaces ( admir+ graybe>ds8 8,turpe s5ilis amor60 ,looks ( desire make ! mo/ rev]5d face ridicul\s1 & an old man :o %[s ! crav+s ( y\? is an object ( disgu/4 ,?is reproa* _c be br\ght aga9/ ! ,hom]ic eld]s4 ,!irs is b a pass+ sp>k ( feel+ :i* wisdom in/antly /ifles2 an emotion :i* does honor to ,hel5 )\t disgrac+ !mselves4 ,!y ackn[l$ge _! admiration1 b add at once1#adb-- 1 '1 1 ' ' 4 ,?is decision saves !m f be+ ! old coxcombs :i* !y look l 9 ,caylus's picture4 ,& :at is ! sight t fixes _! eag] looks8 ,a veil$1 muffl$ figure4 ,is t ,hel58 ,i _c conceive :at induc$ ,caylus to make h] we> a veil4 ,hom]1 to be sure1 expressly gives h] "o1 ' ' 1 8,%e left h] *amb]1 rob$ & veil$ 9 :ite10 b only to cross ! /reet 94 ,& al?\gh he makes ! eld]s express _! admiration be=e %e c\ld h _h "t to take x (f or ?r[ x back1 yet !y 7 n see+ h] !n = ! fir/ "t4 ,_! confession ne$ n !re=e h be5 caus$ by ! pres5t ha/y glance4 ,!y might (t5 h felt :at1 on ?is occasion1 !y fir/ ackn[l$g$4 ,!re is no?+ ( ?is 9 ! picture4 ,:5 ,i behold ! ec/asy ( ^? old m51 ,i want to see ! cause1 &1 z ,i say1 am exce$+ly surpris$ to p]ceive no?+ b a veil$1 muffl$ figure1 at :i* !y are />+ ) su* devotion4 ,:at ( ,hel5 is !re8 ,h] :ite veil & some?+ ( h] outl9e1 z f> z outl9e c be trac$ b5ea? drap]y4 ,b p]haps ! ,c\nt did n mean t h] face %\ld be cov]$4 ,9 t case1 al?\gh 8 words--8,hlne c\v]te d'un voile blanc0--h>dly admit ( su* an int]pretation1 ano!r po9t excites my surprise4 ,he recomm5ds to ! arti/ great c>e 9 ! expression ( ! old m5's faces1 & wa/es n a ^w ^u ! beauty ( ,hel5's4 ,?is mode/ beauty1 approa*+ timidly1 h] eyes moi/ ) rep5tant te>s1--is1 !n1 ! highe/ beauty s mu* a matt] ( c\rse to our arti/s1 t !y ne$ n be rem9d$ ( x8 or is expression m ?an beauty8 or is x ) pictures z ) ! /age1 :]e we are accu/om$ to accept ! uglie/ ( actresses = a ravi%+ pr9cess1 if h] pr9ce only express ! prop] degree ( passion = h]4 ,truly ?is picture ( ,caylus w\ld be to t ( ,zeuxis z pantomime to ! mo/ sublime ( poetry4 ,hom] 0 unque/ionably m read =m]ly ?an n[1 yet we d n f9d m5tion ( _m pictures drawn f him ev5 by ! old arti/s4#adc ,!y seem dilig5tly to h avail$ !mselves ( any individual physical beauties :i* he may h po9t$ out4 ,!y pa9t$ ^!1 well kn[+ t 9 ?is dep>tm5t alone !y c\ld vie ) ! poet ) any *ance ( success4 ,zeuxis pa9t$ besides ,hel5 a ,p5elope1 & ! ,diana ( ,apelles 0 ! goddess ( ,hom] att5d$ by h] nymphs4 ,i w take ?is opportunity ( say+ t ! passage 9 ,pl9y ref]r+ to ?is picture ( ,apelles ne$s correct+4#add ,b to pa9t sc5es f ,hom] m]ely because !y af=d$ a ri* composition1 /rik+ contra/s1 & arti/ic %ad+1 seems n to h be5 to ! ta/e ( ! old arti/s2 nor c\ld x be1 s long z art kept )9 ! n>r[ limits ( its own high call+4 ,!y f$ ^u ! _s ( ! poet1 & fill$ _! imag9ation ) 8 noble/ traits4 ,! fire ( 8 en?usiasm k9dl$ !irs4 ,!y saw & felt ) him4 ,?us _! works became copies ( ! ,hom]ic1 n 9 ! relation ( portrait to orig9al1 b 9 ! relation ( a son to a fa!r1--l1 b diff]5t4 ,! :ole resemblance (t5 lies 9 a s+le trait1 ! o!r p>ts be+ alike 9 no?+ b 9 _! h>mony ) t4 ,s9ce1 moreov]1 ! ,hom]ic ma/]pieces ( poetry 7 old] ?an any ma/]piece ( art1 = ,hom] _h obs]v$ nature ) ! eye ( an arti/ be=e ei!r ,phidias or ,apelles1 ! arti/s naturally f\nd ready made 9 8 poems _m valuable obs]vations1 :i* !y _h n yet _h "t to make = !mselves4 ,^! !y eag]ly seiz$ ^u1 9 ord] t1 ?r\gh ,hom]1 !y might copy nature4 ,phidias ackn[l$g$ t ! l9es1#ade-- ' ' ' ' 1 s]v$ him z ! model ( 8 ,olympian ,jupit]1 & t only ?r\gh _! help _h he succe$$ 9 mak+ a godlike c\nt5ance1 8propemodum ex ipso clo petitum40 ,:oev] und]/&s by ?is m]ely t ! imag9ation ( ! arti/ 0 fir$ by ! poet's sublime picture1 & ?us made capable ( equally sublime repres5tations1 ov]looks1 ,i ?9k1 ! *ief po9t1 & cont5ts himself ) a g5]al /atem5t :]e some?+ v special & mu* m satisfactory is meant4 ,phidias "h ackn[l$ges also1 z ,i und]/& him1 t ?is passage fir/ l$ him to notice h[ mu* expression lies 9 ! eyebr[s1 8quanta p>s animi0 is %[n 9 !m4 ,p]haps x fur!r induc$ him to be/[ m att5tion ^u ! hair1 9 ord] to express 9 "s degree :at ,hom] calls ambrosial curls4 ,= x is c]ta9 t ! old arti/s be=e ,phidias _h v little idea ( ! language & significance ( ! features1 & p>ticul>ly neglect$ ! hair4 ,ev5 ,myron 0 faulty 9 bo? ^! respects1 z ,pl9y obs]ves1#adf &1 accord+ to ! same au?ority1 ,py?agoras ,leont9us 0 ! fir/ :o di/+ui%$ himself by ! beauty ( 8 hair4 ,o!r arti/s le>n$ f ! works ( ,phidias :at ,phidias _h le>n$ f ,hom]4 ,i w m5tion ano!r example ( ! same k9d :i* has always giv5 me p>ticul> pleasure4 ,hog>? passes ! foll[+ criticism on ! ,apollo ,belvid]e4#adg 8,^! two ma/]pieces ( art1 ! ,apollo & ! ,ant9\s1 are se5 toge!r 9 ! same palace at ,rome1 :]e ! ,ant9\s fills ! spectator ) admiration only1 :il/ ! ,apollo /rikes him ) surprise1 &1 z travell]s express !mselves1 ) an appe>ance ( some?+ m ?an human1 :i* !y ( c\rse are always at a loss to describe2 & ?is effect1 !y say1 is ! m a/oni%+1 z1 ^u exam9ation1 its disproportion is evid5t ev5 to a common eye4 ,"o ( ! be/ sculptors we h 9 ,engl&1 :o lately w5t to see !m1 confirm$ to me :at has be5 n[ said1 p>ticul>ly z to ! legs & ?ighs be+ too long & too l>ge = ! upp] p>ts4 ,& ,&rea ,sac*i1 "o ( ! great ,italian pa9t]s1 seems to h be5 ( ! same op9ion1 or he w\ld h>dly h giv5 8 ,apollo1 cr[n+ ,pasquil9i ! musician1 ! exact proportion ( ! ,ant9\s 79 a fam\s picture ( 8 n[ 9 ,engl&71 z o!rwise x seems to be a direct copy f ! ,apollo4 8,al?\gh 9 v great works we (t5 see an inf]ior "p neglect$1 yet "h ?is _c be ! case1 because 9 a f9e /atue1 j proportion is "o ( its ess5tial beauties2 !re=e x /&s to reason1 t ^! limbs mu/ h be5 l5g!n$ on purpose1 o!rwise x might easily h be5 avoid$4 8,s t if we exam9e ! beauties ( ?is figure ?or\ghly1 we may reasonably conclude1 t :at has be5 hi!rto ?\ght s unacc\ntably excell5t 9 its g5]al appe>ance1 ha? be5 ow+ to :at ha? seem$ a blemi% 9 a "p ( x40 ,all ?is is v sugge/ive4 ,hom] also1 ,i w\ld add1 _h already felt & notic$ ! same ?+1--t an appe>ance ( nobility is produc$ by a disproportionate size ( ! foot & ?igh4 ,=1 :5 ,ant5or is comp>+ ! figure ( ,ulysses ) t ( ,m5elaus1 he says1#adh-- 1 ' 1 4 8,:5 bo? 7 /&+ ,m5elaus ov]topp$ him by 8 broad %\ld]s2 b :5 bo? 7 sitt+1 ,ulysses 0 ! m maje/ic40 ,s9ce1 :5 seat$1 ,ulysses ga9$ 9 dignity :at ,m5elaus lo/1 we c easily tell ! proportion :i* ! upp] "p ( ! body 9 ea* bore to ! feet & ?ighs4 ,9 ,ulysses ! upp] "p 0 l>ge 9 proportion to ! l[]3 9 ,m5elaus ! size ( ! l[] p>ts 0 l>ge 9 proportion to t ( ! upp]4 ,,xxiii4 ,a s+le incongru\s "p may de/roy ! h>moni\s effect ( _m beauties1 )\t1 h[ev]1 mak+ ! object ugly4 ,ugl9ess requires ! pres5ce ( sev]al incongru\s p>ts :i* we mu/ be able to take 9 at a glance if ! effect produc$ is to be ! opposite ( t :i* we call beauty4 ,accord+ly ugl9ess 9 itself c be no subject = poetry4 ,yet ,hom] has describ$ its extreme 9 ,!rsites1 & describ$ x by its coexi/5t p>ts4 ,:y did he all[ himself 9 ! case ( ugl9ess :at he wisely refra9$ f z reg>ds beauty8 ,w n ! effect ( ugl9ess be z mu* h9d]$ by ! successive enum]ation ( its elem5ts1 z ! effect ( beauty is neutraliz$ by a simil> treatm5t8 ,c]ta9ly x w1 & !re9 lies ,hom]'s ju/ification4 ,! poet c make ugl9ess 8 !me only because x acquires ?r\gh 8 description a less repulsive aspect1 & ceases 9 a measure to produce ! effect ( ugl9ess4 ,:at he _c employ by itself1 he uses z an +r$i5t to excite & /r5g!n c]ta9 mix$ impressions1 ) :i* he mu/ ent]ta9 u 9 ! abs5ce ( ^? purely agreeable4 ,^! mix$ s5sations are ^? ( ! ridicul\s & ! horrible4 ,hom] makes ,!rsites ugly 9 ord] to make him ridicul\s4 ,m]e ugl9ess1 h[ev]1 w\ld n h ?is effect4 ,ugl9ess is imp]fection1 & ! ridicul\s requires a contra/ betwe5 p]fections & imp]fections4#adi ,?is is ! explanation ( my fri5d1 to :i* ,i w\ld add t ?is contra/ mu/ n be too %>p & decid$1 b t ! opposites mu/ be su* z admit ( be+ bl5d$ into ea* o!r4 ,all ! ugl9ess ( ,!rsites has n made ! wise & virtu\s sop ridicul\s4 ,a silly1 monki% conceit s\ght to transf] to ! writ] ! ( 8 in/ructive fables by repres5t+ 8 p]son z de=m$4 ,b a mis%ap5 body & a beautiful s\l are l oil & v9eg>1 :i*1 h[ev] mu* !y may be /irr$ toge!r1 w always rema9 di/9ct to ! ta/e4 ,!y give rise to no ?ird4 ,ea* "o produces its own effect1--! body di/a/e1 ! s\l delight4 ,! two emotions bl5d into "o only :5 ! mis%ap5 body is at ! same "t frail & sickly1 a h9d]ance & s\rce ( injury to ! m9d4 ,! result1 h[ev]1 is n laught]1 b compassion2 & ! object1 :i* be=e we _h simply respect$1 n[ excites our int]e/4 ,! frail1 mis%ap5 ,pope mu/ h be5 m int]e/+ to 8 fri5ds ?an ! /rong1 h&some ,wy*]ley4 ,b al?\gh ,!rsites is n ridicul\s on acc\nt ( 8 ugl9ess alone1 he w\ld n be ridicul\s )\t x4 ,_m elem5ts "w toge!r to produce ?is result2 ! ugl9ess ( 8 p]son correspond+ ) t ( 8 "*1 & bo? contra/+ ) ! idea he ent]ta9s ( 8 own importance1 toge!r ) ! h>mlessness1 except to himself1 ( 8 malici\s tongue4 ,! la/ po9t is ! 7! undeadly71 :i* ,ari/otle#aej takes to be an indisp5sable elem5t ( ! ridicul\s4 ,my fri5d also makes x a necess>y condition t ! contra/ %\ld be unimportant1 & n int]e/ u greatly4 ,=1 suppose t ,!rsites _h _h to pay de>ly = 8 spiteful detraction ( ,agamemnon1 t x _h co/ him 8 life in/ead ( a c\ple ( bloody wales1 !n we %\ld cease to laugh at him4 ,to te/ ! ju/ice ( ?is1 let u read 8 dea? 9 ,qu9tus ,calab]4#aea ,a*illes regrets hav+ sla9 ,p5!silea4 ,h] noble blood1 s bravely %$1 claims ! h]o's respect & compassion1 feel+s :i* soon gr[ into love4 ,! sl&]\s ,!rsites turns ?is love into a crime4 ,he inveighs aga9/ ! s5suality :i* betrays ev5 ! brave/ ( m5 into follies3 ' 4 ,a*illes' wra? is k9dl$4 ,)\t a ^w he deals him su* a bl[ betwe5 *eek & e> t tee?1 blood1 & life gu% f ! w\nd4 ,?is is too b>b>\s4 ,! angry1 murd]\s ,a*illes becomes m an object ( hate to me ?an ! tricky1 sn>l+ ,!rsites4 ,! %\t ( delight rais$ by ! ,greeks at ! de$ (f5ds me4 ,my sympa?ies are ) ,diom$es1 ^: sword is drawn on ! in/ant to take v5geance on ! murd]] ( 8 k9sman4 ,= ,!rsites z a man is ( my k9 also4 ,b suppose t ! attempts ( ,!rsites _h result$ 9 op5 mut9y2 t ! rebelli\s p _h actually tak5 to ! %ips1 & trea*]\sly ab&on$ _! comm&]s1 :o !reupon _h fall5 into ! h&s ( a v9dictive enemy2 & t ! judgm5t ( ! gods _h decre$ total de/ruction to fleet & nation3 h[ %\ld we !n view ! ugl9ess ( ,!rsites8 ,al?\gh h>mless ugl9ess may be ridicul\s1 hurtful ugl9ess is always horrible4 ,i _c bett] illu/rate ?is ?an by a c\ple ( admirable passages f ,%akespe>e4 ,edmund1 ba/>d son ( ! ,e>l ( ,gl\ce/] 9 ,k+ ,le>1 is no less a villa9 ?an ,ri*>d1 ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 :o1 by ! mo/ hide\s crimes1 pav$ 8 way to ! ?rone1 :i* he asc5d$ "u ! title ( ,ri*>d ! ,?ird4 ,:y does he excite 9 u f> less disgu/ & horror8 ,:5 ! ba/>d says1#aeb-- ,?\1 nature1 art my goddess2 to ?y law ,my s]vices are b\nd2 :]e=e %\ld ,i ,/& 9 ! plague ( cu/om1 & p]mit ,! curiosity ( nations to deprive me1 ,= t ,i am "s twelve or f\rte5 moon%9es ,lag ( a bro!r8 ,:y ba/>d8 :]e=e base8 ,:5 my dim5sions are z well compact1 ,my m9d z g5]\s1 & my %ape z true ,z hone/ ,madam's issue8 :y br& !y ?us ,) base8 ) bas5ess8 ba/>dy8 base1 base8 ,:o1 9 ! lu/y /eal? ( nature1 take ,m composition & fi]ce quality1 ,?an do?1 )9 a dull1 /ale1 tir$ b$1 ,g to creat+ a :ole tribe ( fops ,got 'twe5 asleep & wake8 ,i he> a devil speak+1 b 9 ! =m ( an angel ( light4 ,:51 on ! contr>y1 ! ,e>l ( ,gl\ce/] says1#aec-- ,b ,i1--t am n %ap$ = sportive tricks1 ,nor made to c\rt an amor\s look+-glass2 ,i1 t am rudely /amp$1 & want love's maje/y2 ,to /rut be=e a wanton1 ambl+ nymph2 ,i1 t am curtail$ ( ?is fair proportion1 ,*eat$ ( feature by dissembl+ nature1 ,de=m$1 unf9i%$1 s5t be=e my "t ,into ?is brea?+ _w1 sc>ce half made up1 ,& t s lamely & unfa%ionably1 ,t dogs b>k at me z ,i halt by !m2 ,:y ,i1 9 ?is weak pip+ "t ( peace1 ,h no delight to pass away ! "t2 ,unless to spy my %ad[ 9 ! sun1 ,& descant on m9e own de=mity2 ,&1 !re=e1 s9ce ,i _c prove a lov]1 ,to ent]ta9 ^! fair1 well-spok5 days1 ,i am det]m9$ to prove a villa94 ,i he> a devil & see a devil1 9 a %ape :i* only ! devil %\ld we>4 ,,xxiv4 ,su* is ! use :i* ! poet makes ( ugl9ess ( =m4 ,h[ c ! pa9t] legitimately employ x8 ,pa9t+ z imitative skill c express ugl9ess2 pa9t+ z a f9e art w n express x4 ,9 ! =m] capacity its sph]e ext5ds ov] all visible objects2 9 ! latt] x conf9es itself to ^? :i* produce agreeable impressions4 ,b d n disagreeable impressions please 9 ! imitation8 ,n all4 ,an acute critic has already rem>k$ ?is 9 respect ( disgu/4#aed 8,repres5tations ( fe>10 he says1 8( sadness1 horror1 compassion1 c41 ar\se pa9ful emotions only 9 s f> z we believe ! evil to be actual4 ,! consid]ation t x is b an illusion ( art may resolve ^! disagreeable s5sations into ^? ( pleasure4 ,b1 accord+ to ! laws ( imag9ation1 ! disagreeable s5sation ( disgu/ arises f ! m]e repres5tation 9 ! m9d1 :e!r ! object be ?\ght actually to exi/ or n4 ,no matt] h[ app>5t ! art ( ! imitation1 our w\nd$ s5sibilities are n reliev$4 ,our discom=t arose n f ! belief t ! evil 0 actual1 b f ! m]e repres5tation :i* is actually pres5t4 ,! feel+ ( disgu/1 !re=e1 comes always f nature1 nev] f imitation40 ,! same criticism is applicable to physical ugl9ess4 ,?is also w\nds our sight1 (f5ds our ta/e = ord] & h>mony1 & excites av]sion )\t reg>d to ! actual exi/5ce ( ! object 9 :i* we p]ceive x4 ,we wi% to see nei!r ,!rsites himself nor 8 image4 ,if 8 image be ! less displeas+1 ! reason is n t ugl9ess ( %ape ceases to be ugly 9 ! imitation1 b t we possess ! p[] ( div]t+ our m9ds f ?is ugl9ess by admiration ( ! arti/'s skill4 ,b ?is satisfaction is con/antly di/urb$ by ! ?\ght ( ! unwor?y use to :i* art has be5 put1 & our e/eem = ! arti/ is !reby greatly dim9i%$4 ,ari/otle adduces ano!r reason#aee = ! pleasure we take 9 ev5 ! mo/ fai?ful copy ( :at 9 nature is disagreeable4 ,he attributes ?is pleasure to man's univ]sal desire = k4 ,we are pleas$ :5 we c le>n f a copy 1 :at ea* & e ?+ is1 or :5 we c conclude f x 1 t x is ! v ?+ we already "k4 ,b ?is is no argum5t 9 favor ( ! imitation ( ugl9ess4 ,! pleasure :i* arises f ! gratification ( our desire = k is mom5t>y & only incid5tal to ! object ) reg>d to :i* x has be5 satisfi$1 :]eas ! discom=t :i* accompanies ! sight ( ugl9ess is p]man5t1 & ess5tial to ! object caus+ x4 ,h[1 !n1 c "o c\nt]balance ! o!r8 ,/ill less c ! trifl+ ent]ta9m5t ( trac+ a lik5ess ov]come ! unpleasant impression produc$ by ugl9ess4 ,! m closely ,i comp>e ! ugly copy ) ! ugly orig9al1 ! m ,i expose myself to ?is influ5ce1 s t ! pleasure ( ! comp>ison soon disappe>s1 leav+ no?+ beh9d b ! pa9ful impression ( ?is tw(old ugl9ess4 ,f ! examples giv5 by ,ari/otle he appe>s n to include ugl9ess ( =m among ! disagreeable ?+s :i* may give pleasure 9 ! imitation4 ,8 examples are wild bea/s & dead bodies4 ,wild bea/s excite t]ror ev5 :5 !y are n ugly2 & ?is t]ror1 n _! ugl9ess1 may be made to produce s5sations ( pleasure ?r\gh imitation4 ,s also ( dead bodies4 ,ke5ness ( sympa?y1 ! dreadful ?\ght ( our own annihilation1 make a dead body 9 nature an object ( av]sion4 ,9 ! imitation ! s5se ( illusion robs sympa?y ( its %>pness1 &1 by ! addition ( v>i\s palliat+ circum/ances1 t di/urb+ elem5t may be ei!r entirely bani%$ or s insep>ably int]wov5 ) ^! s(t5+ features1 t t]ror is almo/ lo/ 9 desire4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ugl9ess ( =m1 f its excit+ s5sations ( pa9 ( a k9d incapable ( be+ conv]t$ by imitation into pleasurable emotions1 _c 9 itself be a fitt+ subject = pa9t+ z a f9e art1 ! "q arises :e!r x may n be employ$ 9 pa9t+ z 9 poetry z an +r$i5t = /r5g!n+ o!r s5sations4 ,may pa9t+ make use ( de=mity 9 ! atta9m5t ( ! ridicul\s & horrible8 ,i w n v5ture to answ] ?is "q absolutely 9 ! negative4 ,unque/ionably1 h>mless ugl9ess c be ridicul\s 9 pa9t+ also1 especially :5 unit$ ) an affectation ( grace & dignity4 ,equally beyond "q is x t hurtful ugl9ess excites t]ror 9 a picture z well z 9 nature1 & t ! ridicul\s & ! t]rible1 9 !mselves mix$ s5sations1 acquire ?r\gh imitation an add$ degree ( fasc9ation4 ,b ,i mu/ call att5tion to ! fact t pa9t+ & poetry d n /& ^u ! same foot+ 9 ?is respect4 ,9 poetry1 z ,i h obs]v$1 ugl9ess ( =m loses its disagreeable effect almo/ entirely by ! successive enum]ation ( its coexi/5t p>ts4 ,z f> z effect is conc]n$ x almo/ ceases to be ugl9ess1 & c ?us m closely comb9e ) o!r appe>ances to produce new & diff]5t impressions4 ,b 9 pa9t+ ugl9ess is be=e our eyes 9 all its /r5g?1 & affects u sc>cely less p[]fully ?an 9 nature itself4 ,h>mless ugl9ess _c1 !re=e1 long rema9 ridicul\s4 ,! disagreeable impression ga9s ! ma/]y1 & :at 0 at fir/ amus+ becomes at la/ repulsive4 ,nor is ! case diff]5t ) hurtful ugl9ess4 ,! elem5t ( t]ror gradually disappe>s1 leav+ ! de=mity un*ang+ & unreliev$4 ,c\nt ,caylus 0 !re=e "r 9 omitt+ ! episode ( ,!rsites f 8 s]ies ( ,hom]ic pictures4 ,b are we ju/ifi$ 9 wi%+ x out ( ,hom]8 ,i p]ceive ) regret t ?is is done by "o critic ^: ta/e is o!rwise un]r+4#aef ,i po/pone fur!r discussion ( ! subject to a future occasion4 ,,xxv4 ,! second di/9ction m5tion$ by ! critic j quot$1 betwe5 disgu/ & o!r disagreeable emotions1 appe>s 9 ! di/a/e :i* de=mity excites 9 u4 8,o!r disagreeable passions10 he says1#aeg 8may sometimes1 9 nature z well z 9 art1 produce gratification1 because !y nev] ar\se pure pa94 ,_! bitt]ness is always mix$ ) satisfaction4 ,our fe> is seldom devoid ( hope2 t]ror r\ses all our p[]s to escape ! dang]2 ang] is mix$ ) a desire = v5geance2 sadness1 ) ! pleasant recollection ( =m] happ9ess2 & compassion is insep>able f ! t5d] s5tim5ts ( love & good-w4 ,! m9d is at lib]ty to dwell n[ on ! agreeable1 & n[ on ! disagreeable side1 & ?us to obta9 a m+l+ ( pleasure & pa91 m delightful ?an ! pure/ pleasure4 ,v little /udy ( ourselves w furni% u ) abundant in/ances4 ,:y else is 8 ang] de>] to an angry man & 8 sadness to a melan*oly "o1 ?an all ! *e]ful images by :i* we /rive to soo! him8 ,q diff]5t is ! case ) disgu/ & its k9dr$ s5sations4 ,"h ! m9d is consci\s ( no p]ceptible admixture ( pleasure4 ,a feel+ ( uneas9ess ga9s ! ma/]y1 & "u no imag9able conditions 9 nature or art w\ld ! m9d fail to recoil ) av]sion f repres5tations ( ?is nature40 ,v true2 b1 s9ce ! critic ackn[l$ges ! exi/5ce ( o!r s5sations ne>ly ak9 to t ( disgu/1 & produc+1 l t1 no?+ b pa91 :at answ]s m ne>ly to ?is description ?an emotions excit$ by ! sight ( physical de=mity8 ,^! are n only k9dr$ to t ( disgu/1 b !y resemble x 9 be+ de/itute ( all admixture ( pleasure 9 art z well z 9 nature4 ,"u no imag9able conditions1 !re=e1 w\ld ! m9d fail to recoil ) av]sion f su* repres5tations4 ,?is av]sion1 if ,i h analyz$ my feel+s ) suffici5t c>e1 is altoge!r ( ! nature ( disgu/4 ,! s5sation :i* accompanies ! sight ( physical de=mity is disgu/1 ?\gh a l[ degree ( x4 ,?is1 inde$1 is at v>iance ) ano!r rem>k ( our critic1 accord+ to :i* only our m occult s5ses--^? ( ta/e1 smell1 & t\*--are capable ( receiv+ impressions ( disgu/4 8,! fir/ two10 he says1 8f an excessive sweetness1 & ! latt] f an extreme s(tness ( bodies :i* (f] too slight resi/ance to ! fibres com+ 9 contact ) !m4 ,su* objects1 !n1 become intol]able to ! sight1 b solely ?r\gh ! association ( ideas1 because we rememb] h[ disagreeable !y 7 to our s5se ( ta/e1 smell1 or t\*4 ,=1 /rictly speak+1 !re are no objects ( disgu/ to ! eyes40 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t "s might be m5tion$4 ,a mole on ! face1 a h>e-lip1 a flatt5$ nose ) prom95t no/rils1 are de=mities :i* (f5d nei!r ta/e1 smell1 nor t\*4 ,yet ! sight ( !m excites 9 u some?+ mu* m ne>ly resembl+ disgu/ ?an we feel at sight ( o!r mal=mations1 su* z a club-foot or a hump on ! back4 ,! m susceptible ! temp]am5t1 ! m di/9ctly are we consci\s1 :5 look+ at su* objects1 ( ^? motions 9 ! body :i* prec$e nausea4 ,t ^! motions soon subside1 & r>ely if ev] result 9 actual sickness1 is to be expla9$ by ! fact t ! eye receives 9 & ) ! objects caus+ !m su* a numb] ( pleas+ images t ! disagreeable impressions are too mu* weak5$ & obscur$ to ex]t any m>k$ influ5ce on ! body4 ,! m occult s5ses ( ta/e1 smell1 & t\*1 on ! contr>y1 _c receive o!r impressions :5 9 contact ) ! repulsive object4 ,! elem5t ( disgu/ op]ates 9 full =ce1 & necess>ily produces mu* m viol5t effects ^u ! body4 ,! same rules hold ( ?+s loa?some z ( ?+s ugly1 9 respect ( imitation4 ,inde$1 s9ce ! disagreeable effect ( ! =m] is ! m viol5t1 !y are /ill less suitable subjects ( pa9t+ or poetry4 ,only because ! effect is s(t5$ by v]bal expression1 did ,i v5ture to ass]t t ! poet might employ c]ta9 loa?some traits z an +r$i5t 9 su* mix$ s5sations z c ) good effect be /r5g!n$ by ! use ( ugl9ess4 ,! ridicul\s may be height5$ by an elem5t ( disgu/2 repres5tations ( dignity & propriety likewise become ludicr\s :5 br\ght into contra/ ) ! disgu/+4 ,examples ( ?is ab\nd 9 ,ari/ophanes4 ,i am rem9d$ ( ! weasel t int]rupt$ ! wor?y ,socrates 9 8 a/ronomical obs]vations4#aeh 4 ' 4 4 2 4 4 1 ' 4 4 4 ,if :at fell into ! op5 m\? _h n be5 disgu/+1 !re w\ld be no?+ ludicr\s 9 ! /ory4 ,an amus+ in/ance ( ?is occurs 9 ! ,hott5tot /ory ( ,tquass\w & ,knonmquaiha1 attribut$ to ,"l ,*e/]field1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! 8,connoisseur10 an ,engli% weekly1 full ( wit & humor4 ,! fil?9ess ( ! ,hott5tots is well kn[n1 z also ! fact ( _! reg>d+ z beautiful & holy :at excites our disgu/ & av]sion4 ,! press$ gri/le ( a nose1 flaccid brea/s desc5d+ to ! navel1 ! :ole body ano9t$ ) a v>ni% ( goat's fat & soot1 melt$ 9 by ! sun1 hair dripp+ ) grease1 arms & legs entw9$ ) fre% entrails1--imag9e all ?is ! object ( an ard5t1 respectful1 t5d] love2 li/5 to expressions ( ?is love 9 ! noble language ( s9c]ity & admiration1 & keep f laugh+ if y c4#aei ,! disgu/+ seems to admit ( be+ /ill m closely unit$ ) ! t]rible4 ,:at we call ! horrible is no?+ m ?an a mixture ( ! elem5ts ( t]ror & disgu/4 ,long9us#afj takes (f5ce at ! 8 7mucus fl[+ f ! no/rils7 9 ,hesiod's picture ( ,sorr[2#afa b n1 ,i ?9k1 s mu* on acc\nt ( ! loa?som5ess ( ! trait1 z f its be+ simply loa?some ) no elem5t ( t]ror4 ,= he does n seem incl9$ to f9d fault ) ! ' 1 ! long nails project+ beyond ! f+]s4 ,long nails are n less disgu/+ ?an a runn+ nose1 b !y are at ! same "t t]rible4 ,x is !y t te> ! *eeks till ! blood runs to ! gr\nd3 444 ' ' 4444 ,! o!r feature is simply disgu/+1 & ,i %\ld advise ,sorr[ to cease h] cry+4 ,read ,sophocles' description ( ! des]t cave ( 8 wret*$ ,philoctetes4 ,!re are no provisions to be se51 no com=ts beyond a trampl$ litt] ( dri$ leaves1 an un%apely wood5 b[l1 & a t9d]-box4 ,^! con/itute ! :ole weal? ( ! sick1 =sak5 man4 ,h[ does ! poet complete ! sad & frightful picture8 ,by introduc+ ! elem5t ( disgu/4 8,ha60 ,neoptolemus draws back ( a sudd51 8"h are rags dry+ full ( blood & matt]40#afb ,,ne4 4 4 ' 2 4 4 ,o4 ' ' 1 ' 2 4 ' ' 1 ' 4 ,o4 4 4 1 ' 1 4 ,s 9 ,hom]1 ,hector dragg$ on ! gr\nd1 8 face f\l ) du/1 8 hair matt$ ) blood1 ,squal5tem b>bam et concretos sangu9e cr9es1 7z ,virgil expresses x#afc7 is a disgu/+ object1 b all ! m t]rible & t\*+4 ,:o c recall ! puni%m5t ( ,m>syas1 9 ,ovid1 )\t a feel+ ( disgu/8#afd ,clamanti cutis e/ summos direpta p] artus3 ,nec quidquam1 nisi vulnus erat2 cruor undique manat3 ,detectique pat5t n]vi3 trepidque s9e ulla ,pelle micant v53 sali5tia visc]a possis1 ,et p]luc5tes num]>e 9 pectore fibras4 ,b ! loa?some details are "h appropriate4 ,!y make ! t]rible horrible1 :i* 9 fiction is f> f displeas+ to u2 s9ce1 ev5 9 nature1 :]e our compassion is enli/$1 ?+s horrible are n :olly devoid ( *>m4 ,i d n wi% to multiply examples1 b ?is "o ?+ ,i mu/ fur!r obs]ve4 ,!re is "o =m ( ! horrible1 ! road to :i* lies almo/ exclusively ?r\gh ! disgu/+1 & t is ! horror ( fam9e4 ,ev5 9 ord9>y life we c convey no idea ( extreme hung] save by enum]at+ all ! innutriti\s1 un:olesome1 & p>ticul>ly disgu/+ ?+s ) :i* ! /oma* w\ld fa9 appease its crav+s4 ,s9ce imitation c excite no?+ ( ! feel+ ( actual hung]1 x has rec\rse to ano!r disagreeable s5sation :i*1 9 cases ( extreme hung]1 is felt to be a less] evil4 ,we may ?us inf] h[ int5se t o!r suff]+ mu/ be :i* makes ! pres5t discom=t 9 comp>ison ( small acc\nt4 ,ovid says ( ! ,oread :om ,c]es s5t to meet ,fam9e1#afe-- ,hanc 7,famem7 procul ut vidit4444 444 ref]t m&ata de2 paulumque morata ,quanquam ab]at longe1 quanquam modo v5]at illuc1 ,visa tam5 s5sisse famem4444 ,?is is an unnatural exagg]ation4 ,! sight ( a hungry p]son1 ev5 ( ,hung] h]self1 has no su* p[] ( contagion4 ,compassion & horror & loa?+ may be ar\s$1 b n hung]4 ,ovid has n be5 sp>+ ( ?is elem5t ( ! horrible 9 ! picture ( ,fam9e2 :ile bo? he & ,callima*us1#aff 9 _! description ( ,erisi*?on's />vation1 h laid *ief emphasis ^u ! loa?some traits4 ,aft] ,erisi*?on has dev\r$ e ?+1 n sp>+ ev5 ! sacrificial c[1 :i* 8 "m _h be5 fatt5+ = ,ve/a1 ,callima*us makes him fall on horses & cats1 & beg 9 ! /reets = crumbs & fil?y refuse f o!r m5's tables4 1 1 1 1 -- ' 4 ,ovid repres5ts him f9ally z bit+ into 8 own fle%1 t 8 body might ?us furni% n\ri%m5t = itself4 ,vis tam5 illa mali po/quam consums]at omnem ,mat]iam 444 ,ipse suos artus lac]o divell]e morsu ,cpit et infelix m9u5do corpus alebat4 ,! hide\s h>pies 7 made loa?some & obsc5e 9 ord] t ! hung] occasion$ by _! c>ry+ (f ( ! food might be ! m horrible4 ,he> ! compla9ts ( ,ph9eus 9 ,apollonius3#afg-- ' ' 1 4 1 ' 4 1 4 ,i w\ld gladly excuse 9 ?is way1 if ,i c\ld1 ,virgil's disgu/+ introduction ( ! h>pies4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 in/ead ( occasion+ an actual pres5t hung]1 only prophesy an inw>d crav+2 & ?is prophecy1 moreov]1 is resolv$ f9ally into a m]e play ^u words4 ,dante n only prep>es u = ! />vation ( ,ugol9o by a mo/ loa?some1 horrible description ( him toge!r ) 8 =m] p]secutor 9 hell1 b ! sl[ />vation itself is n free f disgu/+ features1 z :]e ! sons (f] !mselves z food = ! fa!r4 ,i give 9 a note a passage f a play by ,beaumont & ,flet*]1 :i* might h s]v$ me 9 ! /ead ( all o!r examples1 7 x n some:at too highly drawn4#afh ,i come n[ to objects ( disgu/ 9 pa9t+4 ,ev5 c\ld we prove t !re are no objects directly disgu/+ to ! eye1 :i* pa9t+ z a f9e art w\ld naturally avoid1 x w\ld /ill be oblig$ to refra9 f loa?some objects 9 g5]al1 because !y become ?r\gh ! association ( ideas disgu/+ also to ! s5se ( sight4 ,pord5one1 9 a picture ( ! entombm5t1 makes "o ( ! by-/&]s hold 8 nose4 ,ri*>dson#afi objects to ?is on ! gr\nd t ,*ri/ _h n be5 long en\gh dead = corruption to set 94 ,9 ! rais+ ( ,laz>us1 h[ev]1 he w\ld all[ ! pa9t] to repres5t "s ( ! look]s-on 9 t attitude1 because ! n>rative expressly /ates t ! body 0 already (f5sive4 ,b ,i consid] ! repres5tation 9 bo? cases z insuff]able1 = n only ! actual smell1 b ! v idea ( x is nause\s4 ,we %un bad-smell+ places ev5 :5 we h a cold 9 ! head4 ,b pa9t+ does n employ loa?som5ess = its own sake1 b1 l poetry1 to give emphasis to ! ludicr\s & ! t]rible4 ,at its p]il6 ,:at ,i h already said ( ugl9ess 9 ?is connection applies ) great] =ce to loa?som5ess4 ,?is also loses mu* less ( its effect 9 a visible repres5tation ?an 9 a description address$ to ! e>1 & c !re=e unite less closely ) ! elem5ts ( ! ludicr\s & t]rible 9 pa9t+ ?an 9 poetry4 ,z soon z ! surprise passes & ! fir/ curi\s glance is satisfi$1 ! elem5ts sep>ate & loa?som5ess appe>s 9 all its crudity4 ,,xxvi4 ,w9kelmann's 8,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,art0 has appe>$1 & ,i _c v5ture a /ep fur!r until ,i h read x4 ,criticism bas$ solely ^u g5]al pr9ciples may lead to conceits :i* soon] or lat] we f9d to our %ame refut$ 9 works on art4 ,! anci5ts well und]/ood ! connection betwe5 pa9t+ & poetry1 & are sure n to h drawn ! two arts m closely toge!r ?an ! good ( bo? w\ld w>rant4 ,:at _! arti/s h done w tea* me :at arti/s 9 g5]al %\ld d2 & :]e su* a man prec$es ) ! tor* ( hi/ory1 speculation may boldly foll[4 ,we are apt to turn ov] ! leaves ( an important "w be=e s]i\sly sett+ ourselves to read x4 ,my *ief curiosity 0 to "k ! au?or's op9ion ( ! ,laocoon2 n ( its m]it z a "w ( art1 = t he _h already giv51 b m]ely ( its antiquity4 ,w\ld he agree ) ^? :o ?9k t ,virgil _h ! gr\p be=e him1 or ) ^? :o suppose ! sculptors to h foll[$ ! poet8 ,i am pleas$ to f9d t he says no?+ ( imitation on ei!r side4 ,:at ne$ is !re1 inde$1 ( suppos+ imitation8 ,v possibly ! resemblances :i* ,i h be5 consid]+ betwe5 ! poetic picture & ! m>ble gr\p 7 n int5tional b accid5tal1 &1 s f> f "o hav+ s]v$ z a model = ! o!r1 ! two may n ev5 h _h a common model4 ,_h he1 h[ev]1 be5 misl$ by an appe>ance ( imitation1 he mu/ h decl>$ 9 favor ( ^? :o make ,virgil ! imitator4 ,= he supposes ! ,laocoon to date f ! p]iod :5 ,greek art 0 9 its p]fection3 to be1 !re=e1 ( ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great4 8,k9d =tune10 he says1#agj 8wat*+ ov] ! arts ev5 9 _! ext9ction1 has pres]v$ = ! admiration ( ! _w a "w ( ?is p]iod ( art1 :i* proves ! tru? ( :at hi/ory tells conc]n+ ! glory ( ! _m lo/ ma/]pieces4 ,! ,laocoon ) 8 two sons1 ! "w ( ,ages&]1 ,apollodorus1#aga & ,a!nodorus1 ( ,rhodes1 dates 9 all probability f ?is p]iod1 al?\gh we _c det]m9e ! exact "t1 nor give1 z "s h done1 ! ,olympiad 9 :i* ^! arti/s fl\ri%$40 ,9 a note he adds3 8,pl9y says n a ^w ) reg>d to ! "t :5 ,ages&] & 8 assi/ants liv$4 ,b ,maffei1 9 8 explanation ( ! anci5t /atues1 pr(esses to "k t ^! arti/s fl\ri%$ 9 ! eighty-eigh? ,olympiad2 & o!rs1 l ,ri*>dson1 h ma9ta9$ ! same on 8 au?ority4 ,he mu/1 ,i ?9k1 h mi/ak5 an ,a!nodorus1 a pupil ( ,polycletus1 = "o ( our arti/s4 ,polycletus fl\ri%$ 9 ! eighty-sev5? ,olympiad1 & 8 suppos$ pupil 0 !re=e ref]r$ to ! ,olympiad foll[+4 ,maffei c h no o!r gr\nds = 8 op9ion40 ,c]ta9ly he c h no o!r4 ,b :y does ,w9kelmann cont5t himself ) ! m]e m5tion ( ?is suppos$ argum5t ( ,maffei8 ,does x refute itself8 ,n altoge!r4 ,= al?\gh n o!rwise support$1 x yet c>ries ) x a c]ta9 degree ( probability unless we c prove t ,a!nodorus1 ! pupil ( ,polycletus1 & ,a!nodorus1 ! assi/ant ( ,ages&] & ,polydorus1 c\ld n possibly h be5 "o & ! same p]son4 ,happily ?is is prov$ by ! fact t ! two 7 natives ( diff]5t c\ntries4 ,we h ! express te/imony ( ,pausanias#agb t ! fir/ ,a!nodorus 0 f ,clitor 9 ,arcadia1 :ile ! second1 on ! au?ority ( ,pl9y1 0 born at ,rhodes4 ,w9kelmann c h _h no object 9 refra9+ f a direct refutation ( ,maffei by ! /atem5t ( ?is circum/ance4 ,probably ! argum5ts :i* 8 und\bt$ critical k d]iv$ f ! skill ( ! workman%ip seem$ to him ( su* great weight1 t he deem$ any slight probability :i* ,maffei's op9ion might h on its side a matt] ( no importance4 ,he d\btless recogniz$ 9 ! ,laocoon too _m ( ^? arguti#agc 7traits ( animation7 peculi> to ,lysippus1 to suppose x to be ( e>li] date ?an t ma/] :o 0 ! fir/ to enri* art ) ?is semblance ( life4 ,b1 grant+ ! fact to be prov$ t ! ,laocoon _c be old] ?an ,lysippus1 h we !reby prov$ t x mu/ be contemporane\s ) him or ne>ly s8 ,may x n be a "w ( mu* lat] date8 ,pass+ 9 review ^? p]iods previ\s to ! rise ( ! ,roman mon>*y1 :5 art 9 ,greece alt]nately rose & sank1 :y1 ,i ask1 might n ,laocoon h be5 ! happy fruit ( t emulation :i* ! extravagant luxury ( ! fir/ emp]ors mu/ h k9dl$ among arti/s8 ,:y might n ,ages&] & 8 assi/ants h be5 ! contempor>ies ( ,/rongylion1 ,arcesilaus1 ,pasiteles1 ,posidonius1 or ,diog5es8 ,7 n "s ( ! works ( ^? ma/]s c\nt$ among ! greate/ treasures ev] produc$ by art8 ,& if und\bt$ works f ! h& ( ^! m5 7 /ill 9 exi/5ce1 b ! "t 9 :i* !y liv$ 0 unkn[n & left to be det]m9$ by ! /yle ( _! art1 w\ld n "s inspiration f heav5 be ne$$ to prev5t ! critic f ref]r+ !m to t p]iod :i* to ,w9kelmann seem$ ! only "o wor?y ( produc+ ! ,laocoon8 ,pl9y1 x is true1 does n expressly m5tion ! "t :5 ! sculptors ( ! ,laocoon liv$4 ,b 7 ,i to conclude f a /udy ( ! :ole passage :e!r he w\ld h !m reckon$ among ! old or ! new arti/s1 ,i confess ! probability seems to me 9 favor ( ! latt] inf]5ce4 ,let ! read] judge4 ,aft] speak+ at "s l5g? ( ! olde/ & greate/ ma/]s ( sculpture1--,phidias1 ,praxiteles1 & ,scopas1--& !n giv+1 )\t *ronological ord]1 ! names ( ! re/1 especially ( ^? :o 7 repres5t$ 9 ,rome by any ( _! works1 ,pl9y proce$s z foll[s3#agd-- ,nec multo plurium fama e/1 quorundam cl>itati 9 op]ibus eximiis ob/ante num]o artificum1 quoniam nec unus occupat gloriam1 nec plures p>it] nuncup>i possunt1 sicut 9 ,laocoonte1 qui e/ 9 ,titi ,imp]atoris domo1 opus omnibus et pictur et /atu>i artis prpon5dum4 ,ex uno lapide eum et lib]os draconumque mirabiles nexus de consilii s5t5tia fec]e summi artifices1 ,ages&] et ,polydorus et ,a!nodorus ,rhodii4 ,similit] ,palat9as domus ,cs>um replev]e probatissimis signis ,crat]us cum ,py?odoro1 ,polydectes cum ,h]molao1 ,py?odorus alius cum ,artemone1 et s+ul>is ,aphrodisius ,trallianus4 ,agripp ,pan!um decoravit ,diog5es ,a!ni5sis2 et ,c>yatides 9 columnis templi ejus probantur int] pauca op]um3 sicut 9 fa/igio posita signa1 s$ propt] altitud9em loci m9us celebrata4 ,( all ! arti/s m5tion$ 9 ?is passage1 ,diog5es ( ,a!ns is ! "o ^: date is fix$ ) ! greate/ precision4 ,he adorn$ ! ,pan!on ( ,agrippa1 & !re=e liv$ "u ,augu/us4 ,b a close exam9ation ( ,pl9y's words w1 ,i ?9k1 det]m9e ) equal c]ta9ty ! date ( ,crat]us & ,py?odorus1 ,polydectes & ,h]molaus1 ! second ,py?odorus & ,artemon1 z also ( ,aphrodisius ( ,tralles4 ,he says ( !m3 8,palat9as domus ,cs>um replev]e probatissimis signis40 ,c ?is mean only t ! palaces 7 fill$ ) admirable works by ^! arti/s1 :i* ! emp]ors _h collect$ f v>i\s places & br\ght to _! dwell+s 9 ,rome8 ,surely n4 ,! sculptors mu/ h execut$ _! works expressly = ! imp]ial palaces1 & mu/1 !re=e1 h liv$ at ! "t ( ^! emp]ors4 ,t !y 7 arti/s ( comp>atively late date1 :o work$ only 9 ,italy1 is pla9 f our f9d+ no m5tion ( !m else:]e4 ,_h !y work$ 9 ,greece at an e>li] day1 ,pausanias w\ld h se5 "s "w ( !irs & record$ x4 ,he m5tions1 inde$1 a ,py?odorus1#age b ,h>d\9 is wrong 9 suppos+ him to be ! same ref]r$ to by ,pl9y4 ,= ,pausanias calls ! /atue ( ,juno at ,corona1 9 ,botia1 ! "w ( ! =m]1 7an anci5t idol71 a t]m :i* he applies only to ! works ( ^? arti/s :o liv$ 9 ! fir/ rude days ( art1 long be=e ,phidias & ,praxiteles4 ,) su* works ! emp]ors w\ld c]ta9ly n h adorn$ _! palaces4 ,( /ill less value is ano!r sugge/ion ( ,h>d\91 t ,artemon may be ! pa9t] ( ! same "n else:]e m5tion$ by ,pl9y4 ,id5tity ( "n is a slight argum5t1 & by no means au?orizes u to d viol5ce to ! natural int]pretation ( an uncorrupt$ passage4 ,if x be prov$ beyond a d\bt t ,crat]us & ,py?odorus1 ,polydectes & ,h]molaus1 ) ! re/1 liv$ at ! "t ( ! emp]ors ^: palaces !y adorn$ ) _! admirable works1 !n ,i ?9k we c assign no o!r date to ^? arti/s1 ! sculptors ( ! ,laocoon1 ^: names ,pl9y connects ) ^! by ! ^w similit]4 ,= if ,ages&]1 ,polydorus1 & ,a!nodorus 7 really su* old ma/]s z ,w9kelmann supposes1 x w\ld be ! height ( impropriety = an au?or1 :o makes great acc\nt ( precision ( expression1 to leap f !m to ! mo/ mod]n arti/s1 m]ely ) ! words 89 l mann]40 ,b x may be urg$ t ?is similit] has no ref]5ce to a common date1 b to "s o!r circum/ance common to all ^! ma/]s1 :o yet 9 age 7 widely diff]5t4 ,pl9y1 x may be said1 is speak+ ( arti/s :o _h work$ 9 p>tn]%ip1 & on ?is acc\nt _h n obta9$ ! fame !y m]it$4 ,! names ( all _h be5 left 9 neglect1 because no "o arti/ c\ld appropriate ! honor ( ! common "w1 & to m5tion ! names ( all ! p>ticipators w\ld require too mu* "t 7quoniam nec unus occupat gloriam1 nec plures p>it] nuncup>i possunt74 ,?is _h be5 ! fate ( ! sculptors ( ! ,laocoon1 z well z ( ! _m o!r ma/]s :om ! emp]ors _h employ$ 9 ! decoration ( _! palaces4 ,b1 grant+ all ?is1 ! probabilities are /ill 9 favor ( ! supposition t ,pl9y meant to ref] only to ! lat] arti/s ^: labors _h be5 9 common4 ,if he _h meant to include old] ones1 :y conf9e himself to ! sculptors ( ! ,laocoon8 ,:y n m5tion o!rs1 z ,onatas & ,calliteles1 ,timocles & ,tim>*ides1 or ! sons ( ?is ,tim>*ides1 :o toge!r _h made a /atue ( ,jupit] at ,rome8#agf ,w9kelmann himself says t a long li/ might be made ( old] works :i* _h m ?an "o fa!r4#agg ,& w\ld ,pl9y h ?\ght b ( ! s+le example ( ,ages&]1 ,polydorus1 & ,a!nodorus1 if he _h n meant to conf9e himself /rictly to ! m mod]n ma/]s8 ,if ev] a conjecture ga9$ 9 probability f ! numb] & magnitude ( ! difficulties solv$ by x1 ?is "o1 t ! sculptors ( ! ,laocoon fl\ri%$ "u ! fir/ emp]ors1 has t advantage 9 a high degree4 ,= _h !y liv$ & work$ 9 ,greece at ! "t :i* ,w9kelmann assigns to !m1 _h ! ,laocoon itself exi/$ e>li] 9 ,greece1 !n ! utt] sil5ce ( ! ,greeks ) reg>d to su* a "w1 8surpass+ all ! results ( pa9t+ or /atu>y0 7op]e omnibus et pictur et /atu>i artis prpon5do71 is mo/ surpris+4 ,x is h>d to believe t su* great ma/]s %\ld h creat$ no?+ else1 or t ! re/ ( _! works %\ld h be51 equally ) ! ,laocoon1 unkn[n to ,pausanias4 ,9 ,rome1 on ! contr>y1 ! greate/ ma/]piece might h rema9$ long conceal$4 ,if ! ,laocoon _h be5 f9i%$ z e>ly z ! "t ( ,augu/us1 !re w\ld be no?+ surpris+ 9 ,pl9y's be+ ! fir/1 &1 inde$1 ! la/1 to m5tion x4 ,= rememb] :at he tells#agh ( a ,v5us by ,scopas1 :i* /ood 9 ! temple ( ,m>s at ,rome3 444 8quemcunque alium locum nobilitatura4 ,rom quidem magnitudo op]um eam oblit]at1 ac magni (ficiorum negotiorumque ac]vi omnes a contemplatione talium abducunt3 quoniam otiosorum et 9 magno loci sil5tio apta admiratio talis e/40 ,^? :o w\ld fa9 see 9 ! gr\p an imitation ( ,virgil's ,laocoon w readily cat* at :at ,i h be5 say+1 nor w !y be displeas$ at ano!r conjecture :i* j occurs to me4 ,:y %\ld n ,as9ius ,pollio1 !y may ?9k1 h be5 ! patron :o _h ,virgil's ,laocoon put into m>ble by ,greek arti/s8 ,pollio 0 a p>ticul> fri5d ( ! poet1 surviv$ him1 & appe>s to h writt5 an orig9al "w on ! neid4 ,= :5ce b f su* a "w c\ld ! v>i\s comm5ts h be5 drawn :i* ,s]vius quotes f t au?or8#agi ,pollio 01 moreov]1 a lov] ( art & a connoisseur1 possess$ a valuable collection ( ! be/ ( ! old ma/]pieces1 ord]$ new works f ! arti/s ( 8 day1 & %[$ 9 8 *oice a ta/e q likely to be pleas$ by s d>+ a piece z ! ,laocoon1#ahj 8ut fuit acris vehem5ti1 sic quoque spect>i monum5ta sua voluit40 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ! cab9et ( ,pollio 9 ,pl9y's day1 :5 ! ,laocoon 0 /&+ 9 ! palace ( ,titus1 seems to h exi/$ entire 9 a sep>ate build+1 ?is supposition aga9 loses some?+ ( its probability4 ,:y might n ,titus himself h done :at we are try+ to ascribe to ,pollio8 ,,xxvii4 ,a little item fir/ br\ght to my notice by ,w9kelmann himself confirms me 9 my op9ion t ! sculptors ( ! ,laocoon liv$ at ! "t ( ! emp]ors1 or at lea/ c\ld n date f s e>ly a p]iod z he assigns !m4 ,x is ?is3#aha 8,9 ,nettuno1 ! anci5t ,antium1 ,c>d9al ,alex&] ,albani discov]$ 9 #agag 9 a deep vault1 :i* lay buri$ "u ! sea1 a vase ( ! grayi% black m>ble n[ call$ bigio1 :]e9 ! ,laocoon 0 inlaid4 ,^u ?is vase is ! foll[+ inscription3-- 4 8,a?anodorus ( ,rhodes1 son ( ,ages&]1 made x40 ,we le>n f ?is inscription t fa!r & son work$ on ! ,laocoon2 & probably ,apollodorus 7,polydorus7 0 also a son ( ,ages&]1 = ?is ,a?anodorus c be no o!r ?an ! "o m5tion$ by ,pl9y4 ,! inscription also proves t m ?an ?ree works ( art h be5 f\nd--! numb] /at$ by ,pl9y--on :i* ! arti/s h set ! ^w 8made10 9 def9ite pa/ "t1 1 fecit4 ,o!r arti/s1 he says1 f mode/y1 made use ( indef9ite "t1 80 mak+10 1 faciebat4 ,few w contradict ,w9kelmann 9 8 conclusion t ! ,a?anodorus ( ?is inscription c be no o!r ?an ! ,a!nodorus :om ,pl9y m5tions z among ! sculptors ( ! ,laocoon4 ,a?anodorus & ,a!nodorus are entirely synonym\s2 = ! ,rhodians us$ ! ,doric dialect4 ,b ! o!r conclusions :i* he draws f ! inscription require fur!r comm5t4 ,! fir/1 t ,a!nodorus 0 a son ( ,ages&]1 may pass4 ,x is highly probable1 ?\gh by no means c]ta94 ,"s ( ! old arti/s1 we "k1 call$ !mselves aft] _! tea*]s in/ead ( tak+ _! fa!rs' names4 ,:at ,pl9y says ( ! bro!rs ,apollonius & ,tauriscus _c well be expla9$ 9 any o!r way4#ahb ,b %all we say t ?is inscription contradicts ! /atem5t ( ,pl9y t !re 7 only ?ree works ( art to :i* _! ma/]s _h set _! names 9 def9ite pa/ "t 7 in/ead ( 78 ,?is inscription6 ,:at ne$ ( ?is to tea* u :at we might h le>n$ long ago f a multitude ( o!rs8 ,on ! /atue ( ,g]manicus 0 !re n ! inscription --1 ,cleom5es made8 on ! s-call$ ,apo!osis ( ,hom]1 1 ,ar*elaus made8 on ! well-kn[n vase at ,gaeta1 1 ,salpion made8 nor are o!r in/ances want+4#ahc ,w9kelmann may answ]3 8,no "o kn[s t bett] ?an ,i4 ,s mu* ! worse = ,pl9y4 ,8 /atem5t has be5 s mu* ! (t5] contradict$1 & is s mu* ! m surely refut$40 ,by no means4 ,h[ if ,w9kelmann has made ,pl9y say m ?an he meant to say8 ,h[ if ^! examples contradict1 n ,pl9y's /atem5t1 b only some?+ :i* ,w9kelmann supposes him to h /at$8 ,& ?is is actually ! case4 ,i mu/ quote ! :ole passage4 ,pl9y1 9 ! d$ication ( 8 "w to ,titus1 speaks ) ! mode/y ( a man :o kn[s bett] ?an any "o else h[ f> :at he has accompli%$ falls %ort ( p]fection4 ,he f9ds a notewor?y example ( su* mode/y among ! ,greeks1 on ! ambiti\s & boa/ful titles ( ^: books 7inscriptiones1 propt] quas vadimonium des]i possit7 he dwells at "s l5g?1 & !n says3#ahd ,et ne 9 totum vide> ,grcos insect>i1 ex illis nos velim intelligi p+5di f+5dique conditoribus1 quos 9 libellis 8 inv5ies1 absoluta op]a1 et illa quoque qu mir&o non satiamur1 p5d5ti titulo inscripsisse3 ut ,,apelles ,,faciebat1 aut ,,polycletus3 tanquam in*oata semp] arte et imp]fecta3 ut contra judiciorum v>ietates sup]esset artifici regressus ad v5iam1 velut em5daturo quidquid desid]>etur1 si non esset int]ceptus4 ,qu>e pl5um v]ecundi illud e/1 quod omnia op]a tanquam novissima inscrips]e1 et tanquam s+ulis fato adempti4 ,tria non amplius1 ut op9or1 absolute traduntur inscripta1 ,,ille ,,fecit1 qu suis locis r$dam3 quo app>uit1 summam artis securitatem auctori placuisse1 et ob id magna invidia fu]e omnia ea4 ,i desire to call p>ticul> att5tion to ! words ( ,pl9y1 8p+5di f+5dique conditoribus0 7! creators ( ! imitative arts74 ,pl9y does n say t x 0 ! habit ( all arti/s ( e date to affix _! names to _! works 9 indef9ite pa/ "t4 ,he says explicitly t only ! fir/ ( ! old ma/]s--^? creators ( ! imitative arts1 ,apelles1 ,polycletus1 & _! contempor>ies--possess$ ?is wise mode/y1 &1 by 8 m5tion ( ^! alone1 he gives pla9ly to be und]/ood1 ?\gh he does n actually say x 9 words1 t _! successors1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( a late date1 express$ !mselves ) great] assurance4 ,) ?is int]pretation1 :i* is ! only true "o1 we may fully accept ! inscription f ! h& ( "o ( ! ?ree sculptors ( ! ,laocoon )\t impugn+ ! tru? ( :at ,pl9y says1 t b ?ree works exi/$ :]eon _! creators _h cut ! inscription 9 ! f9i%$ pa/ "t2 only ?ree1 t is1 among all ! old] works1 ( ! "t ( ,apelles1 ,polycletus1 ,nicias1 & ,lysippus4 ,b !n we _c accept ! conclusion t ,a!nodorus & 8 assi/ants 7 contempor>ies ( ,apelles & ,lysippus1 z ,w9kelmann w\ld make !m4 ,we %\ld reason ?us4 ,if x be true t among ! works ( ! old ma/]s1 ,apelles1 ,polycletus1 & o!rs ( t class1 !re 7 b ?ree ^: inscriptions /ood 9 def9ite pa/ "t1 & if x be fur!r true t ,pl9y has m5tion$ ^! ?ree by "n1#ahe !n ,a!nodorus1 :o _h made nei!r ( ^! ?ree works1 & :o nev]!less employs ! def9ite pa/ "t 9 8 inscriptions1 _c belong among ^? old ma/]s2 he _c be a contempor>y ( ,apelles & ,lysippus1 b mu/ h a lat] date assign$ him4 ,9 %ort1 we may1 ,i ?9k1 take x z a safe crit]ion t all arti/s :o employ$ ! 1 ! def9ite pa/ t5se1 fl\ri%$ long aft] ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 ei!r "u ! empire or %ortly be=e4 ,( ,cleom5es ?is is unque/ionably true2 highly probable ( ,ar*elaus2 & ( ,salpion ! contr>y1 at lea/1 _c be prov$4 ,s also ( ! re/1 n except+ ,a!nodorus4 ,let ,w9kelmann himself decide4 ,b ,i prote/ be=eh& aga9/ ! conv]se ( ! proposition4 ,if all :o employ$ ! belong among ! lat] arti/s1 n all :o h us$ ! are to be reckon$ among ! e>lie/4 ,"s ( ! m rec5t arti/s also may h really possess$ ?is becom+ mode/y1 & by o!rs x may h be5 assum$4 ,,xxviii4 ,next to 8 judgm5t ( ! ,laocoon1 ,i 0 curi\s to "k :at ,w9kelmann w\ld say ( ! s-call$ ,borghese ,gladiator4 ,i ?9k ,i h made a discov]y ) reg>d to ?is /atue1 & ,i rejoice 9 x ) all a discov]]'s delight4 ,i fe>$ le/ ,w9kelmann %\ld h anticipat$ me1 b !re is no?+ ( ! k9d 9 8 "w4 ,if ought c\ld make me d\bt ! correctness ( my conjecture1 x w\ld be ! fact t my al>m 0 uncall$ =4 8,"s critics10 says ,w9kelmann1#ahf 8take ?is /atue = t ( a discobolus1 t is1 ( a p]son ?r[+ a disc or plate ( metal4 ,?is op9ion 0 express$ by ! fam\s ,h]r von ,/os* 9 a pap] address$ to me4 ,b he _c h suffici5tly /udi$ ! position :i* su* a figure w\ld assume4 ,a p]son 9 ! act ( ?r[+ mu/ incl9e 8 body backw>d1 ) ! weight ^u ! "r ?igh1 :ile ! left leg is idle4 ,"h ! contr>y is ! case4 ,! :ole figure is ?r[n =w>d1 & re/s on ! left ?igh :ile ! "r leg is /ret*$ backw>d to its full ext5t4 ,! "r arm is new1 & a piece ( a lance has be5 plac$ 9 ! h&4 ,on ! left c be se5 ! /rap t held ! %ield4 ,! fact t ! head & eyes are turn$ upw>d & t ! figure seems to be protect+ himself ) ! %ield aga9/ "s dang] f above w\ld r lead u to consid] ?is /atue z repres5t+ a soldi] :o _h especially di/+ui%$ himself 9 "s position ( p]il4 ,! ,greeks probably nev] paid _! gladiators ! honor ( erect+ !m a /atue2 & ?is "w1 moreov]1 seems to h be5 made previ\s to ! introduction ( gladiators into ,greece40 ,! criticism is p]fectly j4 ,! /atue is no m a gladiator ?an x is a discobolus1 b really repres5ts a soldi] :o di/+ui%$ himself 9 ?is position on occasion ( "s great dang]4 ,aft] ?is happy guess1 h[ c\ld ,w9kelmann help go+ a /ep fur!r8 ,:y did he n ?9k ( t w>rior :o 9 ?is v attitude av]t$ ! de/ruction ( a :ole army1 & to :om 8 grateful c\ntry erect$ a /atue 9 ! same po/ure8 ,! /atue1 9 %ort1 is ,*abrias4 ,?is is prov$ by ! foll[+ passage f ,nepos' life ( t comm&]3--#ahg 8,hic quoque 9 summis habitus e/ ducibus2 resque multas memoria dignas gessit4 ,s$ ex 8 elucet maxime inv5tum ejus 9 prlio1 quod apud ,!bas fecit1 quum ,botiis subsidio v5isset4 ,namque 9 eo victori fid5te summo duce ,agesilao1 fugatis jam ab eo conductitiis cat]vis1 reliquam phalangem loco vetuit c$]e1 obnixoque g5u scuto1 projectaque ha/a impetum excip]e ho/ium docuit4 ,id novum ,agesilaus contu5s1 progr$i non e/ ausus suosque jam incurr5tes tuba revocavit4 ,hoc usque eo tota ,grcia fama celebratum e/1 ut illo /atu ,*abrias sibi /atuam fi]i volu]it1 qu publice ei ab ,a!ni5sibus 9 =o con/ituta e/4 ,ex quo factum e/1 ut po/ea a?let1 cet]ique artifices 8 /atibus 9 /atuis pon5dis ut]5tur 9 quibus victoriam ess5t adepti40 ,! read] w hesitate a mom5t1 ,i "k1 be=e yield+ 8 ass5t2 b1 ,i hope1 only = a mom5t4 ,! attitude ( ,*abrias appe>s to be n exactly t ( ! ,borghese /atue4 ,! ?ru/+ =w>d ( ! lance1 8projecta ha/a10 is common to bo?2 b comm5tators expla9 ! 8obnixo g5u scuto0 to be 8obnixo g5u 9 scutum10 8obfirmato g5u ad scutum40 ,*abrias is suppos$ to h %[$ 8 m5 h[ to brace ! knee aga9/ ! %ield & await ! enemy beh9d ?is bulw>k1 :]eas ! /atue holds ! %ield al(t4 ,b :at if ! comm5tators are wrong1 & in/ead ( 8obnixo g5u scuto0 belong+ toge!r1 8obnixo g5u0 7 meant to be read by itself & 8scuto0 alone1 or 9 connection ) ! 8projectaque ha/a10 :i* foll[s8 ,! ins]tion ( a s+le comma makes ! correspond5ce p]fect4 ,! /atue is a soldi]1 8qui obnixo g5u1#ahh scuto projectaque ha/a impetum ho/is excipit10 :o1 ) firmly set knee1 & %ield & lance advanc$1 awaits ! approa* ( ! enemy4 ,x %[s :at ,*abrias did1 & is ! /atue ( ,*abrias4 ,t a comma belongs "h is prov$ by ! 8que0 affix$ to ! 8projecta10 :i* w\ld be sup]flu\s if 8obnixo g5u scuto0 belong$ toge!r1 & has1 !re=e1 be5 actually omitt$ 9 "s editions4 ,! great antiquity :i* ?is int]pretation assigns to ! /atue is confirm$ by ! %ape ( ! lett]s 9 ! inscription4 ,^! l$ ,w9kelmann himself to ! conclusion t ?is 0 ! olde/ ( ! /atues at pres5t exi/+ 9 ,rome on :i* ! ma/] _h writt5 8 "n4 ,i leave x to 8 critical eye to detect1 if possible1 9 ! /yle ( ! workman%ip any ?+ :i* conflicts ) my op9ion4 ,%\ld he be/[ 8 approval1 ,i may flatt] myself on hav+ furni%$ a bett] example ?an is to be f\nd 9 ,sp5ce's :ole folio ( ! happy mann] 9 :i* ! classic au?ors c be expla9$ by ! old ma/]pieces1 & 9 turn ?r[ light ^u !m4 ,,xxix4 ,w9kelmann has br\ght to 8 "w1 toge!r ) imm5se read+ & an ext5sive & subtle k ( art1 t noble confid5ce ( ! old ma/]s :i* l$ !m to devote all _! att5tion to ! ma9 object1 treat+ all second>y matt]s ) :at seems l /udi$ neglect1 or ab&on+ !m altoge!r to any *ance h&4 ,a man may take no little cr$it to himself = hav+ committ$ only su* errors z anybody might h avoid$4 ,!y =ce !mselves ^u our notice at ! fir/ ha/y read+2 & my only excuse = comm5t+ on !m is t ,i w\ld rem9d a c]ta9 class ( p]sons1 :o seem to ?9k no "o has eyes b !mselves1 t !y are trifles n wor?y ( comm5t4 ,9 8 writ+s on ! imitation ( ! ,greek works ( art1 ,w9kelmann _h be=e all[$ himself to be misl$ by ,junius1 :o is1 inde$1 a v deceptive au?or4 ,8 :ole "w is a c5to1 & s9ce 8 rule is to quote ! anci5ts 9 _! v words1 he n infrequ5tly applies to pa9t+ passages :i* 9 _! orig9al connection _h no be>+ :atev] on ! subject4 ,:51 = in/ance1 ,w9kelmann w\ld tell u t ! highe/ effect 9 art1 z 9 poetry1 _c be atta9$ by ! m]e imitation ( nature1 & t poet z well z pa9t] %\ld *oose an impossibility :i* c>ries probability ) x r ?an :at is simply possible1 he adds3 8,?is is p]fectly consi/5t ) ,long9us' requirem5t ( possibility & tru? f ! pa9t] 9 opposition to ! incr$ibility :i* he requires f ! poet40 ,yet ! addition 0 un=tunate1 = x %[s a seem+ contradiction betwe5 ! two great art critics :i* really does n exi/4 ,long9us nev] said :at is "h attribut$ to him4 ,some?+ simil> he does say ) reg>d to eloqu5ce & poetry1 b by no means ( poetry & pa9t+4 ' 1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 he writes to 8 fri5d ,t]5tian2#ahi & aga91 1 1 4#aij ,b ,junius int]polates "h pa9t+ in/ead ( oratory1 & x 0 9 8 writ+s1 n 9 ^? ( ,long9us1 t ,w9kelmann read3 8,prs]tim cum poetic phantasi f9is sit 1 pictori v]o1 1 1 ut loquitur idem ,long9us10 c4#aia ,! words ( ,long9us1 to be sure1 b n 8 mean+4 ,! same mu/ h be5 ! case ) ! foll[+ rem>k3#aib 8,all motions & attitudes ( ,greek figures :i* 7 too wild & fi]y to be 9 accordance ) ! "* ( wisdom1 7 acc\nt$ z faults by ! old ma/]s & class$ by !m "u ! g5]al "n ( p>5?yrsus40 ,! old ma/]s8 ,!re c be no au?ority = t except ,junius4 ,p>5?yrsus 0 a ^w us$ 9 rhetoric1 &1 z a passage 9 ,long9us w\ld seem to %[1 ev5 !re peculi> to ,!odorus4#aic 1 1 1 4 ,i d\bt1 inde$1 :e!r ?is ^w c be translat$ into ! language ( pa9t+4 ,= 9 oratory & poetry pa?os c be c>ri$ to extreme )\t becom+ p>5?yrsus1 :i* is only ! extreme ( pa?os 9 ! wrong place4 ,b 9 pa9t+ ! extreme ( pa?os w\ld always be p>5?yrsus1 :atev] its excuse 9 ! circum/ances ( ! p]sons conc]n$4 ,s1 also1 v>i\s errors 9 ! 8,hi/ory ( ,art0 h aris5 solely f ,w9kelmann's ha/e 9 accept+ ,junius in/ead ( consult+ ! orig9al au?ors4 ,:51 = in/ance1 he is cit+ examples to %[ t excell5ce 9 all dep>tm5ts ( art & labor 0 s highly priz$ by ! ,greeks1 t ! be/ workman1 ev5 on an insignificant ?+1 might immortalize 8 "n1 he br+s =w>d ?is among o!rs3#aid 8,we "k ! "n ( a mak] ( v exact balances or scales2 he 0 call$ ,p>!nius40 ,w9kelmann mu/ h read ! words ( ,juv5al1 8lances ,p>!nio factas10 :i* he "h appeals to1 only 9 ,junius's catalogue4 ,_h he look$ up ! orig9al passage 9 ,juv5al1 he w\ld n h be5 misl$ by ! d\ble mean+ ( ! ^w 8lanx10 b w\ld at once h se5 f ! connection t ! poet 0 n speak+ ( balances or scales1 b ( plates & di%es4 ,juv5al is prais+ ,catullus = ?r[+ ov]bo>d 8 treasures dur+ a viol5t /orm at sea1 9 ord] to save ! %ip & himself4 ,9 8 description ( ^! treasures1 he says3-- ,ille nec arg5tum dubitabat mitt]e1 lances ,p>!nio factas1 urn crat]a capacem ,et dignum siti5te ,pholo1 vel conjuge ,fusci4 ,adde et bascaudas et mille esc>ia1 multum ,clati1 bib]et quo callidus emtor ,olyn?i4 ,:at c ! 8lances0 be :i* are "h /&+ among dr9k+-cups & b[ls1 b plates & di%es8 ,& :at does ,juv5al mean1 except t ,catullus ?rew ov]bo>d 8 :ole silv] table-s]vice1 includ+ plates made by ,p>!nius4 8,p>!nius10 says ! old s*olia/1 8clatoris nom50 7! "n ( ! engrav]74 ,b :5 ,grangu1 9 8 annotations1 app5ds to ?is "n1 8sculptor1 de quo ,pl9ius0 7sculptor spok5 ( by ,pl9y71 he mu/ h be5 writ+ at r&om1 = ,pl9y speaks ( no arti/ ( t "n4 8,yes10 cont9ues ,w9kelmann1 8ev5 ! "n ( ! saddl]1 z we %\ld call him1 has be5 pres]v$1 :o made ! lea!r %ield ( ,ajax40 ,?is he _c h d]iv$ f ! s\rce to :i* he ref]s 8 read]s1--! life ( ,hom]1 by ,h]odotus4 ,"h1 inde$1 ! l9es f ! ,iliad are quot$ :]e9 ! poet applies to ?is work] 9 lea!r ! "n ,ty*ius4 ,b x is at ! same "t expressly /at$ t ?is 0 ! "n ( a work] 9 lea!r ( ,hom]'s acqua9tance1 ^: "n he ?us introduc$ 9 tok5 ( 8 fri5d%ip & gratitude4#aie 4 1 1 3 ' 1 1 1 ' 1 #aif ,"h we h exactly ! opposite ( :at ,w9kelmann ass]ts4 ,s utt]ly =gott51 ev5 9 ,hom]'s "t1 0 ! "n ( ! saddl] :o made ! %ield ( ,ajax1 t ! poet 0 at lib]ty to sub/itute t ( a p]fect /rang]4 ,v>i\s o!r little errors ,i h f\nd :i* are m]e slips ( memory1 or conc]n ?+s introduc$ m]ely z incid5tal illu/rations4 ,= in/ance1 x 0 ,h]cules1 n ,bac*us1 :o1 z ,p>rhasius boa/s1 appe>$ to him 9 ! same %ape he _h giv5 him on ! canvas4#aig ,tauriscus 0 n f ,rhodes1 b f ,tralles1 9 ,lydia4#aih ,! ,antigone 0 n ! fir/ trag$y ( ,sophocles4#aii ,b ,i refra9 f multiply+ su* trifles4 ,c5sori\sness x c\ld n be tak5 =2 b to ^? :o "k my great respect = ,w9kelmann x might seem trifl+4 ,,notes ,,to ,,! ,,laocoon4 ,note #a1 p4 #h4 ,antio*us 7,an?ol4 lib4 ii4 cap4 #d74 ,h>d\91 9 8 comm5t>y on ,pl9y 7lib4 xxxv4 sect4 #cf71 attributes ?is epigram to a c]ta9 ,piso4 ,b among all ! ,greek epigrammati/s !re is none ( ?is "n4 ,note #b1 p4 #i4 ,= ?is reason ,ari/otle comm&$ t 8 pictures %\ld n be %[n to "y p]sons1 9 ord] t _! imag9ation might be kept z free z possible f all disagreeable images4 7,polit4 lib4 viii4 cap4 #e1 p4 #ebf1 edit4 ,conr+47 ,bod51 inde$1 w\ld read ,pausanias 9 ?is passage in/ead ( ,pauson1 because t arti/ is kn[n to h pa9t$ lewd figures 7de ,umbra poetica comm5t4 #a1 p4 xiii74 ,z if we ne$$ a philosophic law-giv] to tea* u ! necessity ( keep+ f y\? su* inc5tives to wantonness6 ,a comp>ison ( ?is ) ! well-kn[n passage 9 ! 8,art ( ,poesy0 w\ld h l$ him to )hold 8 conjecture4 ,!re are comm5tators1 z ,khn on lian 7,v>4 ,hi/4 lib4 iv4 cap4 #c71 :o suppose ! diff]5ce m5tion$ by ,ari/otle z exi/+ betwe5 ,polygnotus1 ,dionysius1 & ,pauson to consi/ 9 ?is3 t ,polygnotus pa9t$ gods & h]oes2 ,dionysius1 m52 & ,pauson1 animals4 ,!y all pa9t$ human figures2 & ! fact t ,pauson once pa9t$ a horse1 does n prove him to h be5 a pa9t] ( animals z ,bod5 supposes him to h be54 ,_! rank 0 det]m9$ by ! degree ( beauty !y gave _! human figures2 & ! reason t ,dionysius c\ld pa9t no?+ b m51 & 0 !re=e call$ pre-em95tly ! an?ropographi/1 0 t he copi$ too slavi%ly1 & c\ld n rise into ! doma9 ( ! ideal b5ea? :i* x w\ld h be5 blasphemy to repres5t gods & h]oes4 ,note #c1 p4 #aa4 ,! s]p5t has be5 errone\sly reg>d$ z ! peculi> symbol ( a god ( m$ic9e4 ,b ,ju/9 ,m>tyr expressly says 7,apolog4 ii4 p4 #ee1 edit4 ,sylburgh71 ' 1 2 & a numb] ( monum5ts might be m5tion$ :]e ! s]p5t accompanies deities hav+ no connection ) heal?4 ,note #d1 p4 #ab4 ,look ?r\gh all ! works ( art m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 ,pausanias1 & ! re/1 exam9e all ! rema9+ /atues1 bas-reliefs1 & pictures ( ! anci5ts1 & n[h]e w y f9d a fury4 ,i except figures t are r symbolical ?an belong+ to art1 su* z ^? g5]ally repres5t$ on co9s4 ,yet ,sp5ce1 s9ce he insi/$ on hav+ furies1 w\ld h done bett] to borr[ !m f co9s ?an introduce !m by an +5i\s conceit into a "w :]e !y c]ta9ly d n exi/4 7,segu9i ,numis4 p4 #agh4 ,spanheim1 de ,pr/4 ,numism4 ,diss]t4 xiii4 p4 #fci4 ,les ,cs>s de ,juli51 p> ,spanheim1 p4 #dh47 ,9 8 ,polymetis he says 7dial4 xvi473 8,?\gh furies are v uncommon 9 ! works ( ! anci5t arti/s1 yet !re is "o subject 9 :i* !y are g5]ally introduc$ by !m4 ,i mean ! dea? ( ,meleag]1 9 ! relievos ( :i* !y are (t5 repres5t$ z enc\rag+ or urg+ ,al?a to burn ! fatal br& on :i* ! life ( h] only son dep5d$4 ,ev5 a woman's res5tm5t1 y see1 c\ld n g s f> )\t a little help f ! devil4 ,9 a copy ( "o ( ^! relievos1 publi%$ 9 ! #8,admir&a1' !re are two wom5 /&+ by ! alt> ) ,al?a1 :o are probably meant = furies 9 ! orig9al1 7= :o b furies w\ld assi/ at su* a sacrifice87 ?\gh ! copy sc>ce repres5ts !m horrid en\gh = t "*4 ,b :at is mo/ to be obs]v$ 9 t piece is ! r\nd disc b5ea? ! c5tre ( x1 ) ! evid5t head ( a fury ^u x4 ,?is might be :at ,al?a address$ h] pray]s to :5ev] %e wi%$ ill to h] neighbors1 or :5ev] %e 0 go+ to d any v evil action4 ,ovid introduces h] z invok+ ! furies on ?is occasion 9 p>ticul>1 & makes h] give m ?an "o reason = h] do+ s40 7,metamorph4 viii4 #dgi47 ,9 ?is way we might make e ?+ out ( any ?+4 8,:o b furies10 asks ,sp5ce1 8w\ld h assi/$ at su* a sacrifice80 ,i answ]1 ! maid-s]vants ( ,al?a1 :o _h to k9dle & fe$ ! fire4 ,ovid says 7,metamorph4 viii473-- ,protulit hunc 7/ipitem7 g5etrix1 tdasque 9 fragm9a poni ,imp]at1 et positis inimicos admovet ignes4 8,! "m br\ght ! br& & comm&s tor*es to be plac$ ^u ! pieces1 & applies ho/ile flame to ! pile40 ,bo? figures h actually 9 _! h&s ^! 8tdas10 long pieces ( p9e1 su* z ! anci5ts us$ = tor*es1 & "o1 z h] attitude %[s1 has j brok5 su* a piece4 ,z little d ,i recognize a fury ^u ! disc t[>ds ! middle ( ! "w4 ,x is a face expressive ( viol5t pa91--d\btless ! head ( ,meleag] himself 7,metamorph4 viii4 #eae74 ,inscius atque abs5s flamma ,meleagros 9 illa ,uritur2 et ccis torr]i visc]a s5tit ,ignibus2 et magnos sup]at virtute dolores4 8,meleag]1 abs5t & unconsci\s1 is consum$ 9 t fire1 & feels 8 b[els p>*$ ) ! unse5 flames2 yet ) c\rage he subdues ! dreadful pa9s40 ,! arti/ us$ ?is z an introduction to ! next incid5t ( ! same /ory1--! dea? ( ,meleag]4 ,:at ,sp5ce makes furies1 ,montfaucon took to be fates1 ) ! exception ( ! head ^u ! disc1 :i* he also calls a fury4 ,bellori leaves x undecid$ :e!r !y are fates or furies4 ,an 8or0 :i* suffici5tly proves t !y are nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,montfaucon's fur!r int]pretation %\ld h be5 cle>]4 ,! female figure re/+ on h] elb[s by ! b$1 he %\ld h call$ ,cass&ra1 n ,atalanta4 ,atalanta is ! "o sitt+ 9 a griev+ attitude ) h] back t[>ds ! b$4 ,! arti/ has v wisely turn$ h] away f ! family1 z be+ only ! belov$1 n ! wife1 ( ,meleag]1 & because h] di/ress at a calamity ( :i* %e _h be5 ! innoc5t cause mu/ h exasp]at$ 8 family4 ,note #e1 p4 #ad4 ,he ?us describes ! degrees ( sadness actually express$ by ,timan!s3 8,cal*antem tri/em1 m/um ,ulyssem1 clamantem ,ajacem1 lam5tantem ,m5elaum40 ,ajax scream+ w\ld h be5 extremely ugly1 & s9ce nei!r ,cic]o nor ,qu9tilian1 :5 speak+ ( ?is picture1 s describe him1 ,i %all v5ture ) ! less hesitation to consid] ?is an addition ) :i* ,val]ius has enri*$ ! canvas f 8 own inv5tion4 ,note #f1 p4 #ae4 ,we read 9 ,pl9y 7lib4 #cd1 sect4 #ai73 8,eundem ,myro vicit et ,py?agoras ,leont9us1 qui fecit /atiodromon ,a/ylon1 qui ,olympi o/5ditur3 et ,libyn pu]um t55tem tabulam1 eodem loco1 et mala f]5tem nudum4 ,syracusis autem claudicantem3 cujus hulc]is dolorem s5tire etiam spectantes vid5tur40 8,py?agoras ,leont9us surpass$ him 7,myro74 ,he made ! /atue ( ! runn]1 ,a/ylon1 :i* is exhibit$ at ,olympia1 & 9 ! same place a ,libyan boy hold+ a tablet1 & a rude /atue be>+ apples2 b at ,syracuse a limp+ figure1 ! pa9 ( ^: sore ! behold]s !mselves seem to feel40 ,let u exam9e ^! la/ words m closely4 ,is !re n evid5t ref]5ce "h to "s p]son well kn[n z hav+ a pa9ful ulc]8 8,cujus hulc]is10 c4 ,& %all t 8cujus0 be made to ref] simply to ! 8claudicantem10 & ! 8claudicantem10 p]haps1 to ! /ill m remote 8pu]um80 ,no "o _h m reason to be kn[n by su* a malady ?an ,philoctetes4 ,i read1 !re=e1 = 8claudicantem10 8,philoctetem10 or1 at lea/1 bo? toge!r1 8,philoctetem claudicantem10 suppos+ t1 z ! words 7 s simil> 9 s\nd1 "o _h cr[d$ out ! o!r4 ,sophocles repres5ts him z ' 1 compell$ to drag 8 limp+ gait1 & 8 n be+ able to tread z firmly on 8 w\nd$ foot w\ld h occasion$ a limp4 ,note #g1 p4 #bd4 ,:5 ! *orus p]ceives ,philoctetes "u ?is accumulation ( mis]ies1 8 helpless solitude seems ! circum/ance t *iefly t\*es !m4 ,we he> 9 e ^w ! social ,greek4 ,) reg>d to "o passage1 h[ev]1 ,i h my d\bts4 ,x is ?is3-- ' 1 ' 1 ' ' -- 4 ,lit43 ,i myself1 my only neighbor1 hav+ no p[] to walk1 nor any companion1 a neighbor 9 ill1 to :om ,i might wail =? my e*o+1 gnaw+ groans1 blood/a9$4 ,! common translation ( ,w9%em r5d]s ! l9es ?us3-- ,v5tis expositus et p$ibus captus ,nullum cohabitatorem ,nec vic9um ullum saltem malum hab5s1 apud quem gemitum mutuum4 ,gravemque ac cru5tum ,ed]et4 ,! translation ( ,?omas ,johnson diff]s f ?is only 9 ! *oice ( words3-- ,ubi ipse v5tis erat expositus1 firmum gradum non hab5s1 ,nec qu5quam indig5>um1 ,nec malum vic9um1 apud quem plor>et ,vehem5tur edacem ,sangu9eum morbum1 mutuo gemitu4 ,"o might ?9k he _h borr[$ ^! words f ! translation ( ,?omas ,naogeorgus1 :o expresses himself ?us 78 "w is v r>e1 & ,fabricius himself knew x only ?r\gh ,op]9's ,catalogue73-- 444 ubi expositus fuit ,v5tis ipse1 gradum firmum haud hab5s1 ,nec qu5quam indig5am1 nec vel malum ,vic9um1 plor>et apud quem ,vehem5t] edacem atque cru5tum ,morbum mutuo4 ,if ^! translations are correct1 ! *orus pron\nces ! /ronge/ possible eulogy on human society4 ,! wret* has no human be+ ne> him2 he kn[s ( no fri5dly neighbor2 ev5 a bad "o w\ld h be5 happ9ess4 ,?omson1 !n1 might h _h ?is passage 9 m9d :5 he puts ^! words into ! m\? ( 8 ,melis&]1 :o 0 likewise ab&on$ by ruffians on a des]t isl&3-- ,ca/ on ! wilde/ ( ! ,cyclad isles ,:]e nev] human foot _h m>k$ ! %ore1 ,^! ruffians left me2 yet believe me1 ,arcas1 ,su* is ! root$ love we be> mank9d1 ,all ruffians z !y 71 ,i nev] he>d ,a s\nd s dismal z _! p>t+ o>s4 ,to him1 also1 ! society ( ruffians 0 bett] ?an none4 ,a great & admirable idea6 ,if we c\ld b be sure t ,sophocles1 too1 _h meant to express x6 ,b ,i mu/ reluctantly confess to f9d+ no?+ ( ! sort 9 him1 unless1 inde$1 ,i 7 to use1 in/ead ( my own eyes1 ^? ( ! old s*olia/1 :o ?us transposes ! words3-- 1 1 ' 4 ,brumoy1 z well z our mod]n ,g]man translator1 has held to ?is read+1 l ! translators quot$ above4 ,brumoy says1 8,sans socit1 mme importune20 & ! ,g]man1 8j$] ,gesells*aft1 au* d] bes*w]li*/51 b]aubt40 ,my reasons = diff]+ f all ( ^! are ! foll[+4 ,fir/1 x is evid5t t if 0 meant to be sep>at$ f ' & con/itute a di/9ct clause1 ! p>ticle w\ld necess>ily h be5 repeat$ be=e x4 ,s9ce ?is is n ! case1 x is equally evid5t t belongs to 1 & !re %\ld be no comma aft] 4 ,?is comma crept 9 f ! translation4 ,accord+ly1 ,i f9d t "s ,greek editions 7z t publi%$ at ,witt5b]g ( #aehe 9 #hvo1 :i* 0 :olly unkn[n to ,fabricius7 are )\t x1 b put a comma only aft] 1 z is prop]4 ,secondly1 is t a bad neighbor f :om we may expect1 z ! s*olia/ has x1 1 8 ,to m+le 8 sighs ) ours is ! (fice ( a fri5d1 n an enemy4 ,9 %ort1 ! ^w has n be5 rightly und]/ood4 ,x has be5 ?\ght to be d]iv$ f ! adjective 1 :5 x is really d]iv$ f ! sub/antive 4 ,x has be5 translat$ an evil neighbor1 in/ead ( a neighbor 9 ill4 ,j z means n an evil1 9 ! s5se ( a false1 untrue prophet1 b a prophet ( evil1 & means n a bad1 unskilful pa9t]1 b a pa9t] ( bad ?+s4 ,9 ?is passage ! poet means by a neighbor 9 ill1 "o :o is ov]tak5 by a simil> mis=tune ) ourselves1 or f fri5d%ip %>es our suff]+s2 s t ! :ole expression1 ' ' 1 is to be translat$ simply by 8neque qu5quam indig5>um mali socium hab5s40 ,! new ,engli% translator ( ,sophocles1 ,?omas ,frankl91 mu/ h be5 ( my op9ion4 ,nei!r does he f9d an evil neighbor 9 1 b translates x simply 8fell[-m\rn]40 ,expos$ to ! inclem5t skies1 ,des]t$ & =lorn he lies1 ,no fri5d nor fell[-m\rn] !re1 ,to soo! 8 sorr[ & divide 8 c>e4 ,note #h1 p4 #cd4 ,saturnal4 lib4 v4 cap4 #b4 8,non p>va sunt alia qu ,virgilius traxit a ,grcis1 dicturumne me putatis qu vulgo nota sunt8 quod ,!ocritum sibi fec]it pa/oralis op]is autorem1 ruralis ,hesiodum8 et quod 9 ipsis ,georgicis1 tempe/atis s]5itatisque signa de ,arati ,phnom5is trax]it8 vel quod ev]sionem ,troj1 cum ,s9one suo1 et equo ligneo ct]isque omnibus1 qu librum secundum faciunt1 a ,pis&ro p5e ad v]bum transcrips]it8 qui int] ,grcos poetas em9et op]e1 quod a nuptiis ,jovis et ,junonis incipi5s univ]sas hi/orias1 qu m$iis omnibus sculis usque ad tatem ipsius ,pis&ri contig]unt1 9 unam s]iem coactas r$eg]it1 et unum ex div]sis hiatibus temporum corpus effec]it8 9 quo op]e int] hi/orias ct]as int]itus quoque ,troj 9 hunc modum relatus e/4 ,qu fidelit] ,m>o int]pret&o1 fabricatus e/ sibi ,iliac urbis ru9am4 ,s$ et hc et talia ut pu]is decantata prt]eo40 ,n a few o!r ?+s 7 br\ght by ,virgil f ! ,greeks1 & ins]t$ 9 8 poem z orig9al4 ,d y ?9k ,i w\ld speak ( :at is kn[n to all ! _w8 h[ he took 8 pa/oral poem f ,!ocritus1 8 rural f ,hesiod8 & h[1 9 8 ,georgics1 he took f ! ,ph5om5a ( ,aratus ! signs ( w9t] & summ]8 or t he translat$ almo/ ^w = ^w f ,pis&] ! de/ruction ( ,troy1 ) 8 ,s9on & wood5 horse & ! re/8 ,= he is fam\s among ,greek poets = a "w 9 :i*1 beg9n+ 8 univ]sal hi/ory ) ! nuptials ( ,jupit] & ,juno1 he collect$ into "o s]ies :atev] _h happ5$ 9 all ages1 to ! "t ( himself1 ,pis&]4 ,9 :i* "w ! de/ruction ( ,troy1 among o!r ?+s1 is relat$ 9 ! same way4 ,by fai?fully int]pret+ ^! ?+s1 ,m>o made 8 ru9 ( ,ilium4 ,b ^!1 & o!rs l !m1 ,i pass ov] z famili> to e s*oolboy4 ,note #i1 p4 #ce4 ,i d n =get t a picture m5tion$ by ,eumolpus 9 ,petronius may be cit$ 9 contradiction ( ?is4 ,x repres5t$ ! de/ruction ( ,troy1 & p>ticul>ly ! hi/ory ( ,laocoon exactly z n>rat$ by ,virgil4 ,& s9ce1 9 ! same gall]y at ,naples 7 o!r old pictures by ,zeuxis1 ,protog5es1 & ,apelles1 x 0 inf]r$ t ?is 0 also an old ,greek picture4 ,b p]mit me to say t a noveli/ is no hi/orian4 ,?is gall]y & picture1 & ,eumolpus himself1 app>5tly exi/$ only 9 ! imag9ation ( ,petronius4 ,t ! :ole 0 fiction appe>s f ! evid5t traces ( an almo/ s*oolboyi% imitation ( ,virgil4 ,?us ,virgil 7neid lib4 ii4 #aii-bbd73-- ,hic aliud majus mis]is multoque trem5dum ,objicitur magis1 atque improvida pectora turbat4 ,laocoon1 ductus ,neptuno sorte sac]dos1 ,solemnis taurum +5tem mactabat ad aras4 ,ecce autem gem9i a ,t5$o tranquilla p] alta 7,horresco ref]5s7 imm5sis orbibus angues ,incumbunt pelago1 p>it]que ad litora t5dunt3 ,pectora quorum int] fluctus arrecta1 jubque ,sangu9e exsup]ant undas3 p>s cet]a pontum ,pone legit1 s9uatque imm5sa volum9e t]ga4 ,fit sonitus1 spumante salo3 jamque arva t5ebant1 ,ard5tesque oculos suffecti sangu9e et igni ,sibila lambebant l+uis vibrantibus ora4 ,diffugimus visu exsangues4 ,illi agm9e c]to ,laocoonta petunt1 et primum p>va duorum ,corpora natorum s]p5s amplexus ut]que ,implicat1 et mis]os morsu depascitur artus4 ,po/ ipsum1 auxilio subeuntem ac tela f]5tem1 ,corripiunt1 spirisque ligant +5tibus2 et jam ,bis m$ium amplexi1 bis collo squamea circum ,t]ga dati1 sup]ant capite et c]vicibus altis4 ,ille simul manibus t5dit divell]e nodos1 ,p]fusus sanie vittas atroque v55o3 ,clamores simul horr5dos ad sid]a tollit4 ,quales mugitus1 fugit cum saucius aram ,taurus et inc]tam excussit c]vice securim4 ,& ?us ,eumolpus1 9 ^: l9es1 z is usually ! case ) improvisators1 memory has _h z l>ge a %>e z imag9ation3-- ,ecce alia mon/ra4 ,celsa qua ,t5$os m>e ,dorso repellit1 tumida consurgunt freta1 ,undaque resultat scissa tranquillo m9or4 ,qualis sil5ti nocte remorum sonus ,longe ref]tur1 cum premunt classes m>e1 ,pulsumque m>mor abiete imposita gemit4 ,respicimus1 angues orbibus gem9is f]unt ,ad saxa fluctus3 tumida quorum pectora ,rates ut alt1 lat]ibus spumas agunt3 ,dat cauda sonitum2 lib] ponto jub ,coruscant lum9ibus1 fulm9eum jub> ,inc5dit quor1 sibilisque und tremunt2 ,/upu]e m5tes4 ,infulis /abant sacri ,phrygioque cultu gem9a nati pignora ,laocoonte1 quos rep5te t]goribus ligant ,angues corusci3 p>vulas illi manus ,ad ora ref]unt3 neut] auxilio sibi ,ut]que fratri tran/ulit pias vices1 ,morsque ipsa mis]os mutuo p]dit metu4 ,accumulat ecce lib]m funus p>5s ,infirmus auxiliator2 invadunt virum ,jam morte pa/i1 membraque ad t]ram trahunt4 ,jacet sac]dos int] aras victima4 ,! ma9 po9ts are ! same 9 bo?1 & 9 _m places ! same words are us$4 ,b ^? are trifles1 & too evid5t to require m5tion4 ,!re are o!r signs ( imitation1 m subtle1 b n less sure4 ,if ! imitator be a man ) confid5ce 9 8 own p[]s1 he seldom imitates )\t try+ to improve ^u ! orig9al2 &1 if he fancy himself to h succe$$1 he is en\gh ( a fox to bru% ov] ) 8 tail ! footpr9ts :i* might betray 8 c\rse4 ,b he betrays himself by ?is v vanity ( wi%+ to introduce embelli%m5ts1 & 8 desire to appe> orig9al4 ,= 8 embelli%m5ts are no?+ b exagg]ations & excessive ref9em5ts4 ,virgil says1 8,sangu9e jub02 ,petronius1 8lib] jub lum9ibus coruscant02 ,virgil1 8ard5tes oculos suffecti sangu9e et igni02 ,petronius1 8fulm9eum jub> inc5dit quor40 ,virgil1 8fit sonitus spumante salo02 ,petronius1 8sibilis und tremunt40 ,s ! imitator goes on exagg]at+ greatness into mon/rosity1 wond]s into impossibilities4 ,! boys are second>y 9 ,virgil4 ,he passes !m ov] ) a few insignificant words1 indicative simply ( _! helplessness & di/ress4 ,petronius makes a great po9t ( !m1 conv]t+ ! two *ildr5 into a c\ple ( h]oes4 ,neut] auxilio sibi ,ut]que fratri tran/ulit pias vices ,morsque ipsa mis]os mutuo p]dit metu4 ,:o expects f human be+s1 & *ildr5 especially1 su* self-sacrifice8 ,! ,greek und]/ood nature bett] 7,qu9tus ,calab]1 lib4 xii471 :5 he made ev5 mo!rs =get _! *ildr5 at ! appe>ance ( ! t]rible s]p5ts1 s int5t 0 e "o on secur+ 8 own safety4 444 1 ,a 4444 ,! usual me?od ( try+ to conceal an imitation is to alt] ! %ad+1 br++ =w>d :at 0 9 %ad[1 & obscur+ :at 0 9 relief4 ,virgil lays great /ress ^u ! size ( ! s]p5ts1 because ! probability ( ! :ole subsequ5t sc5e dep5ds ^u x4 ,! noise occasion$ by _! com+ is a second>y idea1 int5d$ to make m vivid ! impression ( _! size4 ,petronius raises ?is second>y idea into *ief prom95ce1 describ+ ! noise ) all possible weal? ( diction1 & s f> =gett+ to describe ! size ( ! mon/]s t we are almo/ left to inf] x f ! noise !y make4 ,he h>dly w\ld h fall5 into ?is error1 _h he be5 draw+ solely f 8 imag9ation1 ) no model be=e him :i* he wi%$ to imitate )\t ! appe>ance ( imitation4 ,we c always recognize a poetic picture z an unsuccessful imitation :5 we f9d m9or details exagg]at$ & important ones neglect$1 h[ev] _m incid5tal beauties ! poem may possess1 & h[ev] difficult1 or ev5 impossible1 x may be to discov] ! orig9al4 ,note #aj1 p4 #cf4 ,suppl4 aux ,antiq4 ,expl4 ,t4 i4 p4 #bdc4 ,il y a quelque petite diffr5ce entre ce que dit ,virgile1 et ce que le m>bre reprs5te4 ,il semble1 selon ce que dit le pote1 que les s]p5s quittr5t les deux enfans p\r v5ir entortill] le pre1 au lieu que dans ce m>bre ils li5t en mme temps les enfans et leur pre4 ,note #aa1 p4 #cg4 ,donatus ad v4 #bbg1 lib4 ii4 neid4 ,mir&um non e/1 clypeo et simulacri ve/igiis tegi potuisse1 quos supra et longos et validos dixit1 et multiplici ambitu circumd$isse ,laocoontis corpus ac lib]orum1 et fuisse sup]fluam p>tem4 ,! 8non0 9 ! clause 8mir&um non e/10 %\ld1 x seems to me1 be omitt$1 unless we suppose ! conclud+ "p ( ! s5t5ce to be miss+4 ,=1 s9ce ! s]p5ts 7 ( su* extraord9>y l5g?1 x w\ld c]ta9ly be surpris+ t !y c\ld be conceal$ b5ea? ! goddess's %ield1 unless ?is also 7 ( great l5g?1 & belong$ to a colossal figure4 ,! assurance t ?is 0 actually ! case mu/ h be5 meant to foll[1 or ! 8non0 has no mean+4 ,note #ab1 p4 #ci4 ,9 ! h&some edition ( ,dryd5's ,virgil 7,london1 #afig74 ,yet "h ! s]p5ts are w\nd b once ab\t ! body1 & h>dly at all ab\t ! neck4 ,s indiff]5t an arti/ sc>cely des]ves an excuse1 b ! only "o t c\ld be made = him w\ld be t pr9ts are m]ely illu/rations1 & by no means to be reg>d$ z indep5d5t works ( art4 ,note #ac1 p4 #dj4 ,?is is ! judgm5t ( ,de ,piles 9 8 rem>ks ^u ,du ,fresnoy3 8,rem>quez1 s'il v\s plat1 que les drap]ies t5dres et lgres1 n'tant donnes qu'au sexe fm991 les anci5s sculpteurs ont vit autant qu'ils out pu1 d'habill] les figures d'hommes2 p>ce qu'ils ont p5s1 comme n\s l'avons dj dit qu'en sculpture on ne p\vait imit] les t(fes1 et que les gros plis faisai5t un mauvais effet4 ,il y a presque autant d'exemples de cette vrit1 qu'il y a p>mi les antiques1 de figures d'hommes nuds4 ,je rapport]ai seulem5t celui du ,laocoon1 lequel1 selon la vraisemblance1 devrait tre vtu4 ,en effet1 quelle app>5ce y a-t-il qu'un fils de roi1 qu'un prtre d',apollon1 se tr\vt t\t nud dans la crmonie actuelle d'un sacrifice8 c> les s]p5s passr5t de l'le de ,t5$os au rivage de ,troye1 et surprir5t ,laocoon et ses fils dans le temps mme qu'il sacrifiait ,neptune sur le bord de la m]1 comme le m>que ,virgile dans le second livre de son ,enide4 ,cep5dant les arti/es qui sont les auteurs de ce bel ouvrage1 ont bi5 vu qu'ils ne p\vai5t pas leur donn] de vtem5ts conv5ables leur qualit1 sans faire comme un amas de pi]res1 dont la masse ressembl]ait un ro*]1 au lieu des trois admirables figures1 qui ont t1 et qui sont t\j\rs1 l'admiration des sicles4 ,c'e/ p\r cela que de deux inconv5i5s1 ils out jug celui des drap]ies beauc\p plus f*eux1 que celui d'all] contre la vrit mme40 ,note #ad1 p4 #db4 ,maffei1 ,ri*>dson1 &1 m rec5tly1 ,h]r ,von ,hag$orn4 7,betra*tung5 b] die ,mal]ei1 p4 #cg4 ,ri*>dson1 ,trait de la ,pe9ture1 vol4 iii47 ,de ,fonta9es does n m]it be+ reckon$ 9 ! same class ) ^! s*ol>s4 ,9 ! notes to 8 translation ( ,virgil1 he ma9ta9s1 inde$1 t ! poet _h ! gr\p 9 m9d1 b he is s ignorant z to ascribe x to ,phidias4 ,note #ae1 p4 #dd4 ,i c adduce no bett] argum5t 9 support ( my view ?an ?is poem ( ,sadolet4 ,x is wor?y ( "o ( ! old poets1 &1 s9ce x may well take ! place ( an engrav+1 ,i v5ture to introduce x "h entire4 ,,de ,,laocoontis ,,/atua ,,jacobi ,,sadoleti ,,c>m54 ,ecce alto t]r e cumulo1 +5tisque ru9 ,visc]ibus1 it]um r$ucem long9qua r$uxit ,laocoonta dies2 aulis regalibus olim ,qui /etit1 atque tuos ornabat1 ,tite1 ,p5ates4 ,div9 simulacrum artis1 nec docta vetu/as ,nobilius spectabat opus1 nunc celsa revisit ,exemptum t5ebris r$iviv mnia ,rom4 ,quid primum summumque loqu>8 mis]umne p>5tem ,et prolem gem9am8 an s9uatos flexibus angues ,t]ribili aspectu8 caudasque irasque draconum ,vuln]aque et v]os1 saxo mori5te1 dolores8 ,horret ad hc animus1 mutaque ab imag9e pulsat ,pectora1 non p>vo pietas commixta tremori4 ,prolixum b9i spiris glom]antur 9 orbem ,ard5tes colubri1 et s9uosis orbibus errant1 ,t]naque multiplici con/r+unt corpora nexu4 ,vix oculi suff]re val5t1 crudele tu5do ,exitium1 casusque f]os3 micat alt]1 et ipsum ,laocoonta petit1 totumque infraque supraque ,implicat et rabido t&em f]it ilia morsu4 ,connexum refugit corpus1 torqu5tia sese ,membra1 latusque retro s9uatum a vuln]e c]nas4 ,ille dolore acri1 et laniatu impulsus ac]bo1 ,dat gemitum +5tem1 crudosque evell]e d5tes ,connixus1 lvam impati5s ad t]ga ,*elydri ,objicit3 int5dunt n]vi1 collectaque ab omni ,corpore vis fru/ra summis conatibus in/at4 ,f]re nequit rabiem1 et de vuln]e murmur anhelum e/4 ,at s]p5s lapsu crebro r$eunte sub9trat ,lubricus1 intortoque ligat g5ua infima nodo4 ,absi/unt sur1 spirisque prem5tibus arctum ,crus tumet1 obsepto turg5t vitalia pulsu1 ,liv5tesque atro di/5dunt sangu9e v5as4 ,nec m9us 9 natos eadem vis eff]a svit ,implexuque angit rapido1 mis]&aque membra ,dilac]at3 jamque alt]ius depa/a cru5tum ,pectus1 suprema g5itorem voce ci5tis1 ,circumjectu orbis1 validoque volum9e fulcit4 ,alt] adhuc nullo violatus corpora morsu1 ,dum p>at adducta caudam divell]e planta1 ,horret ad aspectum mis]i patris1 hret 9 illo1 ,et jam jam +5tes fletus1 la*rymasque cad5tes ,anceps 9 dubio ret9et timor4 ,ergo p]5ni ,qui tantum /atui/is opus jam laude nit5tes1 ,artifices magni 7quanquam et melioribus actis ,quritur t]num nom51 multoque licebat ,cl>ius +5ium v5tur trad]e fam7 ,attam5 ad laudem qucunque oblata facultas ,egregium hanc rap]e1 et summa ad fa/igia niti4 ,vos rigidum lapidem vivis anim>e figuris ,eximii1 et vivos spiranti 9 m>more s5sus ,ins]]e1 aspicimus motumque iramque doloremque1 ,et p5e audimus gemitus2 vos extulit olim ,cl>a ,rhodos1 ve/r jacu]unt artis honores ,tempore ab imm5so1 quos rursum 9 luce secunda ,roma videt1 celebratque frequ5s3 op]isque vetu/i ,gratia p>ta rec5s4 ,quanto pr/antius ergo e/ ,+5io1 aut quovis ext5d]e fata labore1 ,quam fa/us et opes et inanem ext5d]e luxum4 ,,laocoon1 ,,by ,,james ,,sadolet4 ,s1 f ! dep?s ( e>? & ! b[els ( mighty ru9s1 ! long-def]r$ day has br\ght back ! return+ ,laocoon1 :o /ood ( old 9 ?y royal halls & grac$ ?y p5ates1 ,titus4 ,! image ( div9e art1 a "w z noble z any produc$ by ! le>n+ ( antiquity1 n[ fre$ f d>kness1 beholds aga9 ! l(ty walls ( r5ovat$ ,rome4 ,) :at "p %all ,i beg9 z ! greate/8 ! unhappy fa!r & 8 two sons8 ! s9u\s coils ( ! t]rible s]p5ts8 ! tails & ! fi]c5ess ( ! dragons8 ! w\nds & real pa9s ( ! dy+ /one8 ,^! *ill ! m9d ) horror1 & pity1 m+l$ ) no slight fe>1 drives our he>ts back f ! dumb image4 ,two gleam+ snakes cov] a va/ space ) _! ga!r$ coils1 & move 9 s9u\s r+s1 & hold ?ree bodies b\nd 9 a _m-twi/$ knot4 ,eyes sc>ce c be> to behold ! cruel dea? & fi]ce suff]+s4 ,"o gleam+ seeks ,laocoon himself1 w9d+ him all ab\t1 above1 bel[1 & attacks 8 gro9s at la/ ) poison\s bite4 ,! imprison$ body recoils1 & y see ! limbs wri! & ! side %r9k back f ! w\nd4 ,=c$ by ! %>p pa9 & bitt] angui%1 he groans2 &1 try+ to te> out ! cruel tee?1 ?r[s 8 left h& ^u ! s]p5t's back4 ,! n]ves /ra91 & ! :ole body 9 va9 collects its /r5g? = ! supreme ef=t4 ,he _c endure ! fi]ce torture1 & pants f ! w\nd4 ,b ! slipp]y snake glides d[n ) frequ5t folds1 & b9ds 8 leg bel[ ! knee ) twi/$ knot4 ,! calves fall 91 ! tight-b\nd leg swells betwe5 ! press+ coils1 & ! vitals gr[ tumid f ! /opp+ ( ! pulses1 & black blood di/5ds ! livid ve9s4 ,! same cruel viol5ce attacks ! *ildr5 no less fi]cely1 tortures !m ) _m encircl+ folds1 & lac]ates _! suff]+ limbs4 ,n[ satiat$ ^u ! bloody brea/ ( "o1 :o1 ) 8 la/ brea?1 calls ^u 8 fa!r1 ! s]p5t supports ! lifeless body ) ! mighty circles ?r[n ar\nd x4 ,! o!r1 ^: body has z yet be5 hurt by no /+1 :ile prep>+ to pluck out ! tail f 8 foot1 is fill$ ) horror at sight ( 8 wret*$ fa!r1 & cl+s to him4 ,a d\ble fe> re/ra9s 8 great sobs & fall+ te>s4 ,!re=e ye enjoy p]petual fame1 ye great artific]s :o made ! mighty "w1 al?\gh an immortal "n may be s\ght by bett] de$s1 & nobl] tal5ts may be h&$ d[n to future fame4 ,yet any p[] employ$ to snat* ?is praise & rea* ! heights ( fame is excell5t4 ,ye h excell$ 9 animat+ ! rigid /one ) liv+ =ms1 & ins]t+ liv+ s5ses )9 ! brea?+ m>ble4 ,we see ! movem5t1 ! wra? & pa91 & almo/ he> ! groans4 ,illu/ri\s ,rhodes begot y ( old4 ,long ! glories ( y\r art lay hid1 b ,rome beholds !m aga9 9 a second dawn1 & celebrates !m ) _m voices1 9 fre% ackn[l$gm5t ( ! old labor4 ,h[ mu* nobl]1 !n1 to ext5d our fates by art or toil ?an to swell pride & weal? & empty luxury4 7,leodeg>ii a ,qu]cu ,f>rago ,poematum1 ,t4 ii47 ,grut] has introduc$ ?is poem ) ano!r "o ( ,sadolet into 8 well-kn[n collection1 b ) _m errors4 7,delic4 ,poet4 ,italorum4 ,p>te alt47 ,note #af1 p4 #de4 ,de la ,pe9ture1 tome iii4 p4 #eaf4 ,c'e/ l'horreur que les ,troens ont conue contre ,laocoon1 qui tait ncessaire ,virgile p\r la conduite de son pome2 et cela le mne cette description pa?tique de la de/ruction de la patrie de son hros4 ,aussi ,virgile n'avait g>de de divis] l'att5tion sur la d]nire nuit1 p\r une gr& ville entire1 p> la pe9ture d'un petit malheur d'un p>ticuli]4 ,note #ag1 p4 #ea4 ,i say x is possible1 b ,i w\ld wag] t5 aga9/ "o t x is n s4 ,juv5al is speak+ ( ! e>ly days ( ! republic1 :5 spl5dor & luxury 7 yet unkn[n1 & ! soldi] put :atev] gold & silv] he got z booty ^u 8 arms & ! cap>isons ( 8 horse4 7,sat4 xi47 ,tunc rudis et ,grajas mir>i nescius artes ,urbibus ev]sis prd>um 9 p>te rep]ta ,magnorum artificum frangebat pocula miles4 ,ut phal]is gaud]et equus1 clataque cassis ,romule simulacra f] mansuesc]e juss ,imp]ii fato1 gem9os sub rupe ,quir9os1 ,ac nudam effigiem clypeo fulg5tis et ha/a1 ,p5d5tisque ,dei p]ituro o/5d]et ho/i4 ,! soldi] broke up ! preci\s cups1 ! ma/]pieces ( great arti/s1 to make a %e-wolf1 a little ,romulus & ,remus to deck 8 helmet )4 ,all is pla9 d[n to ! la/ two l9es1 :]e ! poet proce$s to describe su* a figure on ! helmets ( ! old soldi]s4 ,! figure is meant = ! god ,m>s1 b :at c ! t]m p5d5tis mean z appli$ to him8 ,rigaltius f\nd 9 an old gloss ! int]pretation 8quasi ad ictum se incl9antis40 ,lub9us supposes ! figure to h be5 on ! %ield1 &1 z ! %ield hung f ! arm1 ! figure might be spok5 ( z hang+4 ,b ?is is contr>y to ! con/ruction1 ! subject ( 8o/5d]et0 be+ n 8miles0 b 8cassis40 ,accord+ to ,britannicus1 :atev] /&s high 9 ! air may be said to hang1 & ! expression may be us$ ( ?is figure p]*$ above or ^u ! helmet4 ,"s w\ld read 8p]d5tis0 z a contra/ to ! foll[+ 8p]ituro10 ?\gh none b !mselves w\ld ?9k ! contra/ desirable4 ,:at does ,addison say to ?is d\btful passage8 ,he ?9ks all ! comm5tators are wrong & ma9ta9s ?is to be ! true mean+4 8,! ,roman soldi]s1 :o 7 n a little pr\d ( _! f\nd] & ! milit>y g5ius ( _! republic1 us$ to be> on _! helmets ! fir/ hi/ory ( ,romulus1 :o 0 begot by ! god ( w> & suckl$ by a wolf4 ,! figure ( ! god 0 made z if desc5d+ ^u ! prie/ess ,ilia1 or1 z o!rs call h]1 ,rhea ,silvia4 ,z he 0 repres5t$ desc5d+1 8 figure appe>$ susp5d$ 9 ! air ov] ! ve/al virg91 9 :i* s5se ! ^w #8p5d5tis' is extremely prop] & poetical4 ,besides ! antique basso-rilievo 79 ,bellori7 t made me fir/ ?9k ( ?is int]pretation1 ,i h s9ce met ) ! same figures on ! rev]ses ( a c\ple ( anci5t co9s1 :i* 7 /amp$ 9 ! reign ( ,anton9us ,pius40 7,addison's ,travels1 ,rome1 ,tonson's edition1 #agde1 p4 #ahc47 ,s9ce ,sp5ce consid]s ?is su* a happy discov]y on ! "p ( ,addison1 t he quotes x z a model ( its k9d & z ! /ronge/ pro( ( ! value ( ! works ( ! old arti/s 9 ?r[+ light on ! classic ,roman poets1 ,i _c refra9 f a clos] exam9ation ( x4 7,polymetis1 dial4 vii47 ,i mu/ obs]ve1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! bas-relief & ! co9 w\ld h>dly h recall$ to ,addison ! passage f ,juv5al1 _h he n rememb]$ read+ 9 ! old s*olia/1 :o sub/itut$ 8v5i5tis0 = 8fulg5tis0 9 ! la/ l9e b "o1 ?is int]pretation3 8,m>tis ad ,iliam v5i5tis ut concumb]et40 ,n[1 in/ead ( ?is read+ ( ! old s*olia/1 let u accept ,addison's1 & see if we h !n ! slighte/ reason = suppos+ ! poet to h _h ,rhea 9 m9d4 ,w\ld x n r be a complete inv]sion on 8 "p1 :]e he is speak+ ( ! wolf & ! boys1 to be ?9k+ ( ! adv5ture to :i* ! *ildr5 owe _! life8 ,rhea has n yet become a "m1 & ! boys are already ly+ "u ! rock4 ,w\ld an h\r ( dalliance be a fitt+ emblem = ! helmet ( a ,roman soldi]8 ,! soldi] 0 pr\d ( ! div9e orig9 ( ! f\nd] ( 8 c\ntry1 & t 0 suffici5tly typifi$ by ! wolf & ! *ildr54 ,:at ne$ ( introduc+ ,m>s at a mom5t :5 he 0 any ?+ b ! dread-inspir+ god8 ,8 visit to ,rhea may h be5 repres5t$ on any numb] ( old m>bles & co9s3 did t make x a fitt+ ornam5t = armor8 ,:at are ! m>bles & co9s on :i* ,addison saw ,m>s 9 ?is hov]+ attitude8 ,! old bas-relief to :i* he appeals is said to be 9 ,bellori1 b we %all look = x 9 va9 9 ! ,admir&a1 8 collection ( f9e/ old bas-reliefs4 ,sp5ce _c h f\nd x !re or else:]e1 = he makes no m5tion ( x4 ,no?+ rema9s1 !re=e1 b ! co9s1 :i* we w /udy f ,addison himself4 ,i see a recumb5t figure ( ,rhea1 & ,m>s /&+ on a some:at high] plane1 because !re 0 n room = him on ! same level4 ,t is all3 !re is no sign ( 8 be+ susp5d$4 ,su* an effect is produc$ v /rongly1 x is true1 9 ,sp5ce's copy4 ,! upp] "p ( ! figure is ?r[n s f> =w>d z to make /&+ impossible2 s t if ! body be n fall+1 x mu/ be hov]+4 ,sp5ce says ?is co9 is 9 8 possession4 ,x is h>d to "q a man's v]acity1 ev5 9 a trifle1 b our eyes are (t5 greatly influ5c$ by a preconceiv$ op9ion4 ,he may1 besides1 h ?\ght x all[able = ! good ( ! read] to h ! arti/ s emphasize ! expression :i* he ?\ght he saw1 t z little d\bt might rema9 on our m9d z on 84 ,"o ?+ is pla93 t ,sp5ce & ,addison ref] to ! same co91 :i* is ei!r v mu* misrepres5t$ by "o or embelli%$ by ! o!r4 ,b ,i h ano!r objection to make to ?is suppos$ hov]+ attitude ( ,m>s4 ,a body ?us susp5d$1 )\t any visible cause = ! law ( gravitation n act+ ^u x1 is an absurdity ( :i* no example c be f\nd 9 ! old works ( art4 ,x is n all[able ev5 9 mod]n pa9t+4 ,if a body is to be susp5d$ 9 ! air1 x mu/ ei!r h w+s or appe> to re/ ^u some?+1 if only a cl\d4 ,:5 ,hom] makes ,!tis rise on foot f ! sea-%ore to ,olympus1 ' 7,iliad1 xviii4 #adh71 ,c\nt ,caylus is too well aw>e ( ! limitations ( art to c\nsel ! pa9t] to repres5t h] z walk+ unsupport$ ?r\gh ! air4 ,%e mu/ pursue h] way ^u a cl\d 7,tableaux tirs de l',iliade1 p4 #ia71 z 9 ano!r place he puts h] into a *>iot 7p4 #aca71 al?\gh exactly ! opposite is /at$ by ! poet4 ,h[ c x be o!rwise8 ,al?\gh ! poet repres5ts ! goddess ) a human body1 he yet removes f h] e trace ( co>se & heavy mat]iality1 & animates h] ) a p[] :i* raises h] beyond ! influ5ce ( our laws ( motion4 ,h[ c\ld pa9t+ s di/+ui% ! bodily %ape ( a deity f ! bodily %ape ( a human be+1 t our eyes %\ld n be (f5d$ by obs]v+ x act$ ^u by diff]5t laws ( motion1 weight1 & equilibrium8 ,h[ b by conv5tional signs1 su* z a pair ( w+s or a cl\d8 ,b m ( ?is else:]e2 "h x is en\gh to require ! def5d]s ( ! ,addison !ory to %[ on ! old monum5ts a second figure float+ ?us unsupport$ 9 ! air4 ,c ?is ,m>s be ! only "o ( its k9d8 :y8 ,7 !re "s p>ticul> conditions h&$ d[n by tradition :i* w\ld necessitate su* exceptional treatm5t 9 ?is "o case8 ,!re is no trace ( su* 9 ,ovid 7,fa/4 lib4 i471 b r pro( t no su* conditions ev] c\ld h exi/$4 ,= 9 o!r anci5t works ( art :i* repres5t ! same /ory1 ,m>s is evid5tly n hov]+1 b walk+4 ,exam9e ! bas-relief 9 ,montfaucon 7,suppl4 ,t4 i4 p4 #ahc71 :i* is to be f\nd1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 9 ! ,mell9i palace at ,rome4 ,rhea lies asleep "u a tree1 & ,m>s approa*es h] s(tly1 ) t expressive backw>d motion ( ! "r h& by :i* we w>n ^? beh9d to /ay :]e !y are1 or to advance g5tly4 ,8 attitude is precisely ! same z on ! co91 except t 9 "o case he holds 8 lance 9 ! "r1 9 ! o!r 9 ! left h&4 ,we (t5 f9d fam\s /atues & bas-reliefs copi$ on co9s1 & ! same may well be ! case "h1 only t ! cutt] ( ! die did n p]ceive ! =ce ( ! backw>d motion ( ! h&1 & ?\ght x bett] employ$ 9 hold+ ! lance4 ,tak+ all ^! argum5ts into consid]ation1 :at degree ( probability rema9s to ,addison's !ory8 ,h>dly m ?an a b>e possibility4 ,b :]e c bett] explanation be _h if ?is fails8 ,possibly among ! int]pretations reject$ by ,addison4 ,b if n1 :at !n8 ,! passage 9 ! poet is corrupt$1 & s x mu/ rema94 ,x c]ta9ly w s rema91 if tw5ty new conjectures are inv5t$4 ,we might say t 8p5d5tis0 "h 0 to be tak5 figuratively 9 ! s5se ( unc]ta91 undecid$4 ,m>s 8p5d5s0 w\ld !n be ! same z ,m>s 8inc]tus0 or ,m>s 8communis40 8,dii communes10 says ,s]vius 7ad4 v4 #aah1 lib4 xii4 neid71 are ,m>s1 ,bellona1 & ,victory1 s call$ f _! favor+ bo? p>ties 9 w>4 ,& ! l9e1-- ,p5d5tisque ,dei 7effigiem7 p]ituro o/5d]et ho/i1 w\ld mean t ! old ,roman soldi] 0 accu/om$ to we> ! image ( ! imp>tial god 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 enemy1 :o1 9 spite ( ! imp>tiality1 0 soon to p]i%4 ,a v subtle idea1 mak+ ! victories ( ! old ,romans dep5d m ^u _! own brav]y ?an on ! fri5dly aid ( _! f\nd]4 ,nev]!less1 8non liquet40 ,note #ah1 p4 #ea4 8,till ,i got acqua9t$ ) ^! ,aur 7or sylphs710 says ,sp5ce 7,polymetis1 dial4 xiii471 8,i f\nd myself always at a loss 9 read+ ! kn[n /ory ( ,cephalus & ,procris 9 ,ovid4 ,i c\ld nev] imag9e h[ ,cephalus cry+ out1 #8,aura v5ias' 7?\gh 9 ev] s langui%+ a mann]71 c\ld give anybody a suspicion ( 8 be+ false to ,procris4 ,z ,i _h be5 always us$ to ?9k t ,aura signifi$ only ! air 9 g5]al1 or a g5tle breeze 9 p>ticul>1 ,i ?\ght ,procris's jeal\sy less f\nd$ ?an ! mo/ extravagant jeal\sies g5]ally are4 ,b :5 ,i _h once f\nd t ,aura might signify a v h&some "y woman z well z ! air1 ! case 0 entirely alt]$1 & ! /ory seem$ to g on 9 a v reasonable mann]40 ,i w n take back 9 ! note ! approval be/[$ 9 ! text on ?is discov]y1 on :i* ,sp5ce s plumes himself4 ,b ,i _c refra9 f rem>k+ t1 ev5 )\t x1 ! passage 0 v natural & intelligible4 ,we only ne$$ to "k t ,aura occurs frequ5tly among ! anci5ts z a woman's "n4 ,accord+ to ,nonnus1 = in/ance 7,dionys4 lib4 xlviii471 ! nymph ( ,diana 0 ?us nam$1 :o1 = claim+ to possess a m manly beauty ?an ! goddess h]self1 01 z a puni%m5t = h] presumption1 expos$ 9 h] sleep to ! embraces ( ,bac*us4 ,note #ai1 p4 #eb4 ,juv5alis ,satyr4 viii4 v4 #eb-ee4 444 ,at tu ,nil nisi ,cecropides2 truncoque simillimus ,h]m6 ,nullo quippe alio v9cis discrim9e1 quam quod ,illi m>moreum caput e/1 tua vivit imago4 8,b ?\ art no?+ if n a desc5dant ( ,cecrops2 9 body mo/ l a ,h]mes2 =soo? ! only ?+ 9 :i* y surpass t1 is t y\r head is a liv+ image1 :ile ! ,h]mes is m>ble40 ,if ,sp5ce _h embrac$ ! old ,greek writ]s 9 8 "w1 a fable ( sop might p]haps--& yet p]haps n--h occurr$ to him1 :i* ?r[s /ill cle>] light ^u ?is passage 9 ,juv5al4 8,m]cury10 sop tells u1 8wi%+ to "k 9 :at repute he /ood among m51 conceal$ 8 div9ity1 & ent]$ a sculptor's /udio4 ,"h he beheld a /atue ( ,jupit]1 & ask$ its value4 #8,a dra*m1' 0 ! answ]4 ,m]cury smil$4 #8,& ?is ,juno8' he ask$ aga94 #8,ab\t ! same4' ,! god mean:ile _h caught sight ( 8 own image1 & ?\ght to himself1--#8,i1 z ! mess5g] ( ! gods1 f :om come all ga9s1 mu/ be mu* m highly priz$ by m54' #8,& ?is god1' he ask$1 po9t+ to 8 own image1 #8h[ de> might t be8' #8,t8' repli$ ! arti/1 #8buy ! o!r two1 & ,i w ?r[ t 94'0 ,m]cury w5t away sadly cre/fall54 ,b ! arti/ did n recognize him1 & c\ld !re=e h _h no int5tion ( w\nd+ 8 self-love4 ,! reason = 8 sett+ s small a value on ! /atue mu/ h la9 9 its workman%ip4 ,! less degree ( rev]5ce due to ! god :om x repres5t$ c\ld h _h no?+ to d ) ! matt]1 = ! arti/ values 8 works accord+ to ! skill1 indu/ry1 & labor be/[$ ^u !m1 n accord+ to ! rank & dignity ( ! p]sons repres5t$4 ,if a /atue ( ,m]cury co/ less ?an "o ( ,jupit] or ,juno1 x 0 because less skill1 indu/ry1 & labor _h be5 exp5d$ ^u x4 ,& su* 0 ! case "h4 ,! /atues ( ,jupit] & ,juno 7 full-l5g? figures1 :ile t ( ,m]cury 0 a mis]able squ>e po/1 ) only ! head & %\ld]s ( ! god ^u x4 ,:at wond]1 !n1 t x might be ?r[n 9 )\t extra *>ge8 ,m]cury ov]look$ ?is circum/ance1 f hav+ 9 m9d only 8 own fanci$ sup]iority1 & 8 humiliation 0 !re=e z natural z x 0 m]it$4 ,we look 9 va9 among ! comm5tators1 translators1 & imitators ( sop's fables = any trace ( ?is explanation4 ,i c\ld m5tion ! names ( _m1 7 x wor? ! tr\ble1 :o h und]/ood ! /ory lit]ally2 t is1 h n und]/ood x at all4 ,on ! supposition t ! workman%ip ( all ! /atues 0 ( ! same degree ( excell5ce1 !re is an absurdity 9 ! fable :i* ^! s*ol>s h ei!r fail$ to p]ceive or h v mu* exagg]at$4 ,ano!r po9t :i*1 p]haps1 might be tak5 exception to 9 ! fable1 is ! price ! sculptor sets ^u 8 ,jupit]4 ,no pott] c make a puppet = a dra*m4 ,! dra*m "h mu/ /& 9 g5]al = some?+ v insignificant4 7,fab4 sop1 #ij47 ,note #bj1 p4 #ec4 ,cretius de ,r4 ,n4 lib4 v4 #gcf-gdg4 ,x ,v]1 et ,v5us1 et ,v5]is prnuntius ante ,p9natus graditur ,zephyrus2 ve/igia propt] ,flora quibus mat] prsp>g5s ante viai ,cuncta coloribus egregiis et odoribus opplet1 ,inde loci sequitur ,calor aridus1 et comes una ,pulv]ul5ta ,c]es2 et ,etesia flabra ,aquilonum4 ,inde ,autumnus adit2 graditur simul ,evius ,evan2 ,inde ali tempe/ates v5tique sequuntur1 ,altitonans ,vulturnus et ,au/] fulm9e poll5s4 ,t&em ,bruma nives adf]t1 pigrumque rigorem ,r$dit1 ,hyems sequitur1 crepitans ac d5tibus ,algus4 ,spr+ advances & ,v5us & w+$ ,zephyrus1 ! h]ald ( ,v5us1 prec$es1 ^: pa? "m ,flora fills ) wondr\s fl[]s & odors4 ,!n foll[ 9 ord] dry ,heat & 8 companion du/y ,c]es1 & ! ,etesian bla/s ( ! ,nor?w9d4 ,!n ,autumn approa*es1 & ,evian ,bac*us4 ,!n o!r tempe/s & w9ds1 deep-?und]+ ,volturnus & ,au/] 7s\? & s\?-ea/ w9ds71 mighty ) lightn+s4 ,at l5g?1 ! sol/ice br+s sn[1 & slo?ful numbness returns2 ,w9t] foll[s1 & cold ) *att]+ tee?4 ,sp5ce reg>ds ?is passage z "o ( ! mo/ beautiful 9 ! :ole poem1 & x is c]ta9ly "o on :i* ! fame ( ,lucretius z a poet *iefly re/s4 ,b1 surely1 to say t ! :ole description 0 probably tak5 f a procession ( /atues repres5t+ ! seasons z gods1 is to detract v mu* f 8 m]it1 if n to de/roy x altoge!r4 ,& :at reason h we = ! supposition8 ,?is1 says ! ,engli%man3 8,su* processions ( _! deities 9 g5]al 7 z common among ! ,romans ( old1 z ^? 9 honor ( ! sa9ts are 9 ! same c\ntry to ?is day4 ,all ! expressions us$ by ,lucretius "h come 9 v aptly1 if appli$ to a procession40 ,excell5t reasons6 ,aga9/ ! la/1 p>ticul>ly1 we might make _m objections4 ,! v epi!ts appli$ to ! v>i\s p]sonifi$ ab/ractions1--8,calor aridus10 8,c]es pulv]ul5ta10 8,volturnus altitonans10 8fulm9e poll5s ,au/]10 8,algus d5tibus crepitans10--%[ t !y receiv$ _! *>act]i/ics f ! poet & n f ! arti/4 ,he w\ld c]ta9ly h treat$ !m v diff]5tly4 ,sp5ce seems to h d]iv$ 8 idea ( a procession f ,abraham ,preig]n1 :o1 9 8 rem>ks on ?is passage1 says1 8,ordo e/ quasi ,pomp cujusdam4 ,v] et ,v5us1 ,zephyrus et ,flora10 c4 ,b ,sp5ce %\ld h be5 cont5t to /op !re4 ,to say t ! poet makes 8 seasons move z 9 a procession1 is all v well2 b to say t he le>n$ _! sequ5ces f a procession1 is nons5se4 ,note #ba1 p4 #fb4 ,val]ius ,flaccus1 lib4 ii4 ,argonaut1 v4 #bfe-bgc4 ,s]ta patri1 juv5isque comam ve/isque ,lyi ,induit1 et m$ium curru locat2 raque circum ,tympanaque et pl5as tacita =mid9e ci/as4 ,ipsa s9us h$]isque ligat famul>ibus artus2 ,pamp9eamque quatit v5tosis ictibus ha/am1 ,respici5s2 t5eat virides velatus hab5as ,ut pat]1 et nivea tumeant ut cornua mitra1 ,et sac] ut ,bac*um ref]at scyphus4 8,! maid clo!s h] fa!r ) ! g>l&s1 ! locks & ! g>m5ts ( ,bac*us1 & places him 9 ! c5tre ( ! *>iot2 ar\nd him ! braz5 drums & ! boxes fill$ ) nameless t]ror2 h]self1 look+ back1 b9ds 8 hair & limbs ) ivy & /rikes w9dy bl[s ) ! v9e-wrea!d spe>2 veil$ l ! fa!r %e holds ! gre5 re9s2 ! horns project "u ! :ite turban1 & ! sacr$ goblet tells ( ,bac*us40 ,! ^w 8tumeant10 9 ! la/ l9e b "o1 w\ld seem to imply t ! horns 7 n s small z ,sp5ce fancies4 ,note #bb1 p4 #fb4 ,! s-call$ ,bac*us 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,m$icis at ,rome 7,montfaucon ,suppl4 aux ,ant4 ,t4 #a1 p4 #bed7 has little horns gr[+ f ! br[4 ,b = ?is v reason "s critics suppose x to be a faun4 ,& inde$ su* natural horns are an insult to ! human c\nt5ance1 & c only be becom+ 9 be+s suppos$ to occupy a middle /ation betwe5 m5 & bea/s4 ,! attitude also & ! long+ looks ! figure ca/s upw>d at ! grapes1 belong m prop]ly to a foll[] ( ! god ?an to ! god himself4 ,i am rem9d$ "h ( :at ,clem5s ,alex&r9us says ( ,alex&] ! ,great4 7,protrept4 p4 #dh1 edit4 ,pott47 1 1 4 ,x 0 ,alex&]'s express desire to be repres5t$ 9 8 /atue ) horns4 ,he 0 well cont5t ) ! insult ?us done to human beauty1 if only a div9e orig9 might be imput$ to him4 ,note #bc1 p4 #fd4 ,:5 ,i ma9ta9$ 9 a =m] *apt] t ! old arti/s _h nev] made a fury1 x _h n escap$ me t ! furies _h m ?an "o temple1 :i* c]ta9ly w\ld n h be5 left devoid ( _! /atues4 ,pausanias f\nd "s ( wood 9 _! temple at ,c]ynea1 n l>ge nor 9 any way rem>kable4 ,x w\ld seem t ! art1 :i* _h no opportunity ( display+ itself on !m1 s\ght to make am5ds on ! images ( ! prie/esses :i* /ood 9 ! hall ( ! temple1 z !y 7 ( /one & ( v beautiful workman%ip4 7,pausanias ,a*aic4 cap4 xxv4 p4 #ehg1 edit4 ,kuhn47 ,nei!r _h ,i =gott5 t heads ( !m 7 suppos$ to h be5 f\nd on an abraxas1 made kn[n by ,*iffletius1 & on a lamp by ,licetus4 7,diss]tat4 sur les ,furies p> ,banni]2 ,mmoires de l',acadmie des ,inscript4 ,t4 v4 #dh47 ,nei!r 0 ,i unacqua9t$ ) ! ,etruscan vase ( ,gorius 7,tabl4 #aea4 ,musei ,etrusci7 :]eon are ,ore/es & ,pylades attack$ by furies4 ,b ,i 0 speak+ ( works ( art1 "u :i* head ,i consid] none ( ^! to come4 ,if ! latt] des]ve m ?an ! o!rs to be includ$ "u ! "n1 x w\ld 9 "o aspect r confirm my !ory ?an contradict x4 ,=1 little z ! ,etruscan arti/s aim$ at beauty 9 mo/ cases1 !y yet seem to h *>act]iz$ ! furies m by _! dress & attributes ?an by any t]rible aspect ( c\nt5ance4 ,^! figures ?ru/ _! tor*es at ,ore/es & ,pylades1 ) su* a tranquil expression ( face t !y almo/ seem to be t]rify+ !m 9 sport4 ,! horror !y inspire 9 ,ore/es & ,pylades appe>s f ! fe> ( ! two m51 n at all f ! %ape ( ! furies !mselves4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 at once furies & no furies4 ,!y p]=m ! (fice ( furies1 b )\t t appe>ance ( viol5ce & rage :i* we are accu/om$ to associate ) ! "n4 ,!y h n t br[ :i*1 z ,catullus says1 8expirantis prportat pectoris iras40 ,w9kelmann ?\ght lately t he _h discov]$1 ^u a cornelian 9 ! cab9et ( ,/oss1 a fury1 runn+1 ) /ream+ hair & g>m5ts1 & a dagg] 9 h] h&4 7,libr>y ( ! ,f9e ,arts1 vol4 v47 ,von ,hag$orn at once c\nsell$ all ! arti/s to turn ?is discov]y to acc\nt1 & repres5t furies ?us 9 _! pictures4 7,betra*tung5 b] die ,mal]ei1 p4 #bbb47 ,b ,w9kelmann himself pres5tly ?rew d\bt on 8 discov]y1 because he did n f9d t ! anci5ts ev] arm$ ! furies ) dagg]s in/ead ( tor*es4 7,descript4 des ,pi]res ,graves1 p4 #hd47 ,he mu/ !n consid] ! figures on ! co9s ( ! cities ( ,lyrba & ,massaura1 :i* ,spanheim calls furies 7,les ,cs>s de ,juli51 p4 #dd71 to be n su* b a ,hecate tri=mis4 ,else "h w\ld be exactly su* a fury1 ) a dagg] 9 ea* h&1 & /rangely en\gh also ) fl[+ hair1 :ile 9 ! o!r figures ! hair is cov]$ ) a veil4 ,b grant+ ,w9kelmann's fir/ supposition to h be5 correct1 ! same w\ld apply to ?is engrav$ /one z to ! ,etruscan vase1 unless ow+ to ! f95ess ( ! "w ! features 7 indi/+ui%able4 ,besides1 all engrav$ /ones1 f _! use z seals1 belong r to symbolism2 & ! figures on !m are m (t5 a conceit ( ! own] ?an ! volunt>y "w ( ! arti/4 ,note #bd1 p4 #fd4 ,fa/4 lib4 vi4 #bie-ih4 ,esse diu /ultus ,ve/ simulacra putavi3 ,mox didici curvo nulla subesse ?olo4 ,ignis inext9ctus templo celatur 9 illo2 ,effigiem nullam ,ve/a1 nec ignis1 habet4 8,i long fooli%ly ?\ght !re 7 images ( ,ve/a2 !n ,i f\nd t none exi/$ b5ea? ! ar*+ dome4 ,an ev]-burn+ fire is hidd5 9 t temple4 ,image !re is none ei!r ( ,ve/a or ( fire40 ,ovid is speak+ only ( ! wor%ip ( ,ve/a at ,rome1 & ( ! temple erect$ to h] !re by ,numa1 ( :om he j be=e says3 ,regis opus placidi1 quo non metu5tius ullum ,num9is +5ium t]ra ,sab9a tulit4 8,! "w ( t peaceful k+ :o fe>$ ! gods m ?an any o!r (fspr+ ( ! ,sab9e l&40 ,note #be1 p4 #fe4 ,fa/4 lib4 iii4 v4 #de1 #df4 ,sylvia fit mat]3 ,ve/ simulacra f]untur ,virg9eas oculis opposuisse manus4 ,sp5ce %\ld ?us h comp>$ ! diff]5t p>ts ( ,ovid toge!r4 ,! poet is speak+ ( diff]5t times2 "h ( ! /ate ( ?+s be=e ,numa1 !re ( ! /ate ( ?+s aft] him4 ,/atues ( h] 7 wor%ipp$ 9 ,italy z !y 7 9 ,troy1 :5ce neas br\ght h] rites ) him4 ,manibus vittas1 ,ve/amque pot5tem1 t]numque adytis eff]t p5etralibus ignem1 says ,virgil ( ! gho/ ( ,hector1 aft] he _h w>n$ neas to fly4 8,he be>s 9 8 h&s f ! inn]mo/ %r9e g>l&s1 & mighty ,ve/a & ! et]nal fire40 ,"h ! et]nal fire is expressly di/+ui%$ f ,ve/a h]self & f h] /atue4 ,sp5ce _c h consult$ ! ,roman poets ) mu* c>e1 s9ce he all[$ su* a passage z ?is to escape him4 ,note #bf1 p4 #fe4 ,pl9ius1 lib4 xxxvi4 sect4 #d4 8,scopas fecit4--,ve/am s$5tem laudatam 9 ,s]vilianis hortis40 ,lipsius mu/ h _h ?is passage 9 m9d :5 he wrote 7de ,ve/a cap4 #c73 8,pl9ius ,ve/em s$5tem eff+i solitam o/5dit1 a /abilitate40 ,b :at ,pl9y says ( a s+le "w by ,scopas he ought n to h tak5 = a g5]ally accept$ *>act]i/ic4 ,9 fact1 he obs]ves t on co9s ,ve/a 0 z (t5 repres5t$ /&+ z sitt+4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 no correction ( ,pl9y1 b only ( 8 own mi/ak5 conception4 ,note #bg1 p4 #ff4 ,georg4 ,cod9us de ,orig9ib4 ,con/ant4 1 1 1 ' 4 ,suidas1 foll[+ him1 or bo? foll[+ "s old] au?ority1 says ! same ?+ "u ! ^w 4 8,"u ! "n ( ,ve/a ! ,e>? is repres5t$ by a woman be>+ a drum1 9 :i* %e is suppos$ to hold ! w9ds conf9$40 ,! reason is some:at pu]ile4 ,x w\ld h s\nd$ bett] to say t %e c>ri$ a drum1 because ! anci5ts ?\ght h] figure bore "s resemblance to "o1 4 7,plut>*us de placitis ,philos4 cap4 #aj1 id4 de facie 9 orbe ,lun47 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 ,cod9us 0 mi/ak5 9 ! figure or ! "n or bo?4 ,possibly he did n "k :at bett] "n to give to :at he saw ,ve/a hold+1 ?an a drum4 ,or he might h he>d x call$ tympanum1 & ! only ?+ ! ^w sugge/$ to him 0 ! in/rum5t kn[n to u z a kettle-drum4 ,b 8tympana0 7 also a k9d ( :eel4 ,h9c radios triv]e rotis1 h9c tympana plau/ris ,agricol4--7,virgilius ,georgic4 lib4 ii4 #ddd47 ,v simil> to su* a :eel appe>s to me ! object borne by ,fabretti's ,ve/a 7ad ,tabulam ,iliadis1 p4 #ccd7 :i* t s*ol> takes to be a h&-mill4 ,note #bh1 p4 #gj4 ,lib4 i4 ,od4 #ce4 ,te semp] anteit sva ,necessitas3 ,clavos trabales et cuneos manu ,ge/ans ah5ea2 nec sev]us ,uncus abe/ liquidumque plumbum4 ,9 ?is picture ( ,necessity drawn by ,horace1 p]haps ! ri*e/ 9 attributes ( any to be f\nd 9 ! old poets1 ! nails1 ! clamps1 & ! liquid lead1 :e!r reg>d$ z means ( conf9em5t or implem5ts ( puni%m5t1 /ill belong to ! class ( poetical1 r ?an allegorical1 attributes4 ,b1 ev5 s1 !y are too cr[d$2 & ! passage is "o ( ! lea/ effective 9 ,horace4 ,sanadon says3 8,j'ose dire que ce tableau1 pris dans le dtail1 s]ait plus beau sur la toile que dans une ode hroque4 ,je ne puis s\ffrir cet attirail patibulaire de cl\s1 de co9s1 de crocs1 et de plomb fondu4 ,j'ai cru en devoir d*>g] la traduction1 en sub/ituant les ides gnrales aux ides s+ulires4 ,c'e/ dommage que le pote ait eu beso9 de ce correctif40 ,sanadon's s5tim5t 0 f9e & true1 b he does n give ! "r gr\nd = x4 ,! objection is n t ^! attributes are ! p>aph]nalia ( ! gall[s1 = he _h b to int]pret !m 9 _! o!r s5se to make !m ! firme/ supports ( ar*itecture4 ,_! fault is 9 be+ address$ to ! eye & n to ! e>4 ,= all impressions meant = ! eye1 b pres5t$ to u ?r\gh ! e>1 are receiv$ ) ef=t1 & produce no great degree ( vividness4 ,^! l9es ( ,horace rem9d me ( a c\ple ( ov]sights on ! "p ( ,sp5ce1 :i* give u no v good idea ( ! exactitude ) :i* he has /udi$ ! passages he cites f ! old poets4 ,he is speak+ ( ! image "u :i* ! ,romans repres5t$ fai? or hone/y4 7,dial4 x47 8,! ,romans10 he says1 8call$ h] #8,fides2' &1 :5 !y call$ h] #8,sola ,fides1' seem to mean ! same z we d by ! words #8d[nright hone/y4' ,%e is repres5t$ ) an erect1 op5 air1 & ) no?+ b a ?9 robe on1 s f9e t "o might see ?r\gh x4 ,horace !re=e calls h] #8?9-dress$' 9 "o ( 8 odes1 & #8transp>5t' 9 ano!r40 ,9 ^! few l9es are n less ?an ?ree gross errors4 ,fir/1 x is false t 8sola0 0 a di/9ct epi!t appli$ to ! goddess ,fides4 ,9 ! two passages f ,livy1 :i* he adduces z pro( 7lib4 i4 sect4 #ba1 lib4 ii4 sect4 #c71 ! ^w has only its usual signification1--! exclusion ( all else4 ,9 "o place1 inde$1 ! 8soli0 has be5 que/ion$ by ! critics1 :o ?9k x mu/ h crept into ! text ?r\gh an error 9 writ+1 occasion$ by ! ^w next to x1 :i* is 8sol5ne40 ,9 ! o!r passage cit$1 ! au?or is n speak+ ( fidelity at all1 b ( innoc5ce1 ,innoc5tia4 ,secondly1 ,horace1 9 "o ( 8 odes 7! ?irty-fif? ( ! fir/ book1 m5tion$ above71 is said to h appli$ to ,fides ! epi!t ?9-dress$3 ,te spes1 et albo r>a fides colit ,velata panno4 8,r>us10 x is true1 c also mean ?92 b "h x means only r>e1 seldom appe>+1 & is appli$ to ,fidelity h]self1 n to h] clo?+4 ,sp5ce w\ld h be5 "r1 _h ! poet said1 8,fides r>o velata panno40 ,?irdly1 ,horace is said to h else:]e call$ fai? or hone/y transp>5t1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* fri5ds prote/ to "o ano!r1 8,i wi% y c\ld read my he>t40 ,?is mean+ is said to be f\nd 9 ! l9e ( ! eighte5? ode ( ! ,fir/ ,book3 ,arcanique ,fides prodiga1 pellucidior vitro4 ,h[ c a critic all[ himself to be ?us misl$ by a ^w8 ,is a fai?1 8arcani prodiga10 lavi% ( secrets1 fai?fulness8 is x n r fai?lessness8 ,& x is ( fai?lessness1 9 fact1 t ,horace says1 8,%e is transp>5t z glass1 because %e betrays to e eye ! secrets entru/$ to h]40 ,note #bi1 p4 #ga4 ,apollo deliv]s ! wa%$ & embalm$ body ( ,s>p$on to ,dea? & ,sleep1 t !y may br+ him to 8 native c\ntry4 7,iliad1 xvi4 #fha1 #fhb47 1 4 ,caylus recomm5ds ?is idea to ! pa9t]1 b adds3 8,x is a pity t ,hom] has giv5 u no acc\nt ( ! attributes "u :i* ,sleep 0 repres5t$ 9 8 day4 ,we recognize ! god only by 8 act1 & we cr[n him ) poppies4 ,^! ideas are mod]n4 ,! fir/ is ( s]vice1 b _c be employ$ 9 ! pres5t case1 :]e ev5 ! fl[]s w\ld be out ( keep+ 9 connection ) ! figure ( ,dea?40 7,tableaux tirs de l',iliade1 de l',odysse d',homre1 et de l',enide de ,virgile1 avec des obs]vations gnrales sur le co/ume1 ,p>is1 #ageg-eh47 ,t is requir+ ( ,hom] ornam5tations ( t petty k9d mo/ at v>iance ) ! nobility ( 8 /yle4 ,! mo/ +5i\s attributes he c\ld h be/[$ on ,sleep w\ld n h *>act]iz$ him s p]fectly1 nor h br\ght s vivid a picture ( him be=e u1 z ! s+le t\* :i* makes him ! tw9 bro!r ( ,dea?4 ,let ! arti/ seek to express ?is1 & he may disp5se ) all attributes4 ,! old arti/s did1 9 fact1 make ,sleep & ,dea? resemble ea* o!r1 l tw9-bro!rs4 ,on a *e/ ( c$>1 9 ! ,temple ( ,juno at ,elis1 !y bo? lay z boys 9 ! arms ( ,night4 ,"o 0 :ite1 ! o!r black2 "o slept1 ! o!r only seem$ to sleep2 ! feet ( bo? 7 cross$4 ,= s ,i %\ld pref] to translate ! words ( ,pausanias 7,eliac4 cap4 xviii4 p4 #dbb1 edit4 ,kuhn71 1 r ?an by 8crook$ feet10 z ,g$oyn does1 8les pi$s contrefaits40 ,:at w\ld be ! mean+ ( crook$ feet8 ,to lie ) cross$ feet is cu/om>y ) sleep]s4 ,sleep is ?us repres5t$ by ,maffei4 7,raccol4 ,pl4 #aea47 ,mod]n arti/s h entirely ab&on$ ?is resemblance betwe5 ,sleep & ,dea?1 :i* we f9d among ! anci5ts1 & always repres5t ,dea? z a skeleton1 or at be/ a skeleton cov]$ ) sk94 ,caylus %\ld h be5 c>eful to tell ! arti/s :e!r !y _h bett] foll[ ! cu/om ( ! anci5ts or ! mod]ns 9 ?is respect4 ,he seems to decl>e 9 favor ( ! mod]n view1 s9ce he reg>ds ,dea? z a figure t w\ld n h>monize well ) a fl[]-cr[n$ companion4 ,has he fur!r consid]$ h[ inappropriate ?is mod]n idea w\ld be 9 a ,hom]ic picture8 ,h[ c\ld its loa?some "* h fail$ to %ock him8 ,i _c br+ myself to believe t ! little metal figure 9 ! ducal gall]y at ,flor5ce1 repres5t+ a skeleton sitt+ on ! gr\nd1 ) "o arm on an urn ( a%es 7,sp5ce's ,polymetis1 tab4 xli471 is a v]itable antique4 ,x _c possibly repres5t ,dea?1 because ! anci5ts repres5t$ him v diff]5tly4 ,ev5 _! poets nev] ?\ght ( him "u ?is repulsive %ape4 ,note #cj1 p4 #gf4 ,ri*>dson cites ?is "w z an illu/ration ( ! rule t ! att5tion ( ! spectator %\ld be div]t$ by no?+1 h[ev] admirable1 f ! *ief figure4 8,protog5es10 he says1 8_h introduc$ into 8 fam\s picture ( ,ialysus a p>tridge1 pa9t$ ) s mu* skill t x seem$ alive1 & 0 admir$ by all ,greece4 ,b1 because x attract$ all eyes to itself1 to ! detrim5t ( ! :ole piece1 he effac$ x40 7,trait de la ,pe9ture1 ,t4 i4 p4 #df47 ,ri*>dson is mi/ak52 ?is p>tridge 0 n 9 ! ,ialysus1 b 9 ano!r picture ( ,protog5es call$ ! ,idle ,satyr1 or ,satyr 9 ,repose1 4 ,i %\ld h>dly h m5tion$ ?is error1 :i* arose f a misund]/&+ ( a passage 9 ,pl9y1 _h n ! same mi/ake be5 made by ,meursius4 7,rhodi4 lib4 i4 cap4 #ad47 8,9 eadem tabula1 scilicet 9 qua ,ialysus1 ,satyrus erat1 quem dicebant ,anapauom5on1 tibeas t55s40 ,some?+ ( ! same k9d occurs 9 ,w9kelmann4 7,von d] ,na*ahm4 d] ,gr4 ,w4 9 d] ,mal4 und ,bildh4 p4 #ef47 ,/rabo is ! only au?ority = ?is p>tridge /ory1 & he expressly discrim9ates betwe5 ! ,ialysus & ! ,satyr lean+ aga9/ a pill> on :i* sat ! p>tridge4 7,lib4 xiv47 ,meursius1 ,ri*>dson1 & ,w9kelmann misund]/ood ! passage 9 ,pl9y 7lib4 xxxv4 sect4 #cf71 f n p]ceiv+ t he 0 speak+ ( two diff]5t pictures3 ! "o :i* sav$ ! city1 because ,demetrius w\ld n assault ! place :]e x /ood2 & ano!r1 :i* ,protog5es pa9t$ dur+ ! siege4 ,! "o 0 ,ialysus1 ! o!r ! ,satyr4 ,note #ca1 p4 #gi4 ,?is invisible battle ( ! gods has be5 imitat$ by ,qu9tus ,calab] 9 8 ,twelf? ,book1 ) ! evid5t design ( improv+ on 8 model4 ,! gramm>ian seems to h held x unbecom+ 9 a god to be ?r[n to ! gr\nd by a /one4 ,he !re=e makes ! gods hurl at "o ano!r huge masses ( rock1 torn up f ,m\nt ,ida1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are %att]$ aga9/ ! limbs ( ! immortals & fly l s& ab\t !m4 444 ' ' ' 4444 ,a conceit :i* de/roys ! effect by m>r+ our idea ( ! size ( ! gods1 & ?r[+ contempt on _! weapons4 ,if gods ?r[ /ones at "o ano!r1 ! /ones mu/ be able to hurt !m1 or !y are l silly boys pelt+ ea* o!r ) e>?4 ,s old ,hom] rema9s /ill ! wis]1 & all ! fault-f9d+ ( cold criticism1 & ! attempts ( m5 ( inf]ior g5ius to vie ) him1 s]ve b to set =? 8 wisdom 9 cle>] light4 ,i d n d5y t ,qu9tus's imitation has excell5t & orig9al po9ts2 b !y are less 9 h>mony ) ! mode/ greatness ( ,hom] ?an calculat$ to d honor to ! /ormy fire ( a m mod]n poet4 ,t ! cry ( ! gods1 :i* rang to ! heights ( heav5 & ! dep?s ( hell1 %\ld n be he>d by mortals1 seems to me a mo/ expressive t\*4 ,! cry 0 too mighty to be grasp$ by ! imp]fect organs ( human he>+4 ,note #cb1 p4 #hj4 ,no "o :o has read ,hom] once ?r\gh1 ev] s ha/ily1 w diff] f ?is /atem5t z f> z reg>ds /r5g? & spe$2 b he w n p]haps at once recall examples :]e ! poet atta*es sup]human size to 8 gods4 ,i w\ld !re=e ref] him1 9 addition to ! description ( ,m>s j quot$1 ^: body cov]$ sev5 hides1 to ! helmet ( ,m9]va1 ' 7,iliad1 v4 #gdd71 "u :i* c\ld be conceal$ z _m w>riors z a hundr$ cities c\ld br+ into ! field2 to ! /ride ( ,neptune 7,iliad1 xiii4 #bj72 & especially to ! l9es f ! description ( ! %ield1 :]e ,m>s & ,m9]va lead ! troops ( ! beleagu]$ city4 7,iliad1 xviii4 #eaf-eai47 ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' 4 444 ,:ile ! y\?s ,m>*$ on1 ) ,m>s & ,pallas at _! head1 ,bo? wr\ght 9 gold1 ) gold5 g>m5ts on1 ,/ately & l>ge 9 =m1 & ov] all ,conspicu\s 9 bright armor1 z became ,! gods2 ! re/ 7 ( an humbl] size4--,,bryant4 ,judg+ f ! explanations !y feel call$ ^u to give ( ! great helmet ( ,m9]va1 ,hom]'s comm5tators1 old z well z new1 seem n always suffici5tly to h borne 9 m9d ?is wond]ful size ( ! gods4 7,see ! notes on ! above-quot$ passage 9 ! edition ( ,cl>ke & ,erne/i47 ,b we lose mu* 9 maje/y by ?9k+ ( ! ,hom]ic deities z ( ord9>y size1 z we are accu/om$ to see !m on canvas 9 ! company ( mortals4 ,al?\gh pa9t+ is unable to repres5t ^! sup]human dim5sions1 sculpture to a c]ta9 ext5t may1 & ,i am conv9c$ t ! old ma/]s borr[$ f ,hom] _! conception ( ! gods 9 g5]al z well z ! colossal size :i* !y n infrequ5tly gave !m4 7,h]odot4 lib4 ii4 p4 #acj1 edit4 ,wessel47 ,fur!r rem>ks ^u ! use ( ! colossal1 its excell5t effect 9 sculpture & its want ( effect 9 pa9t+1 ,i res]ve = ano!r place4 ,,note #cc1 p4 #hb4 ,hom]1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 sometimes veils 8 deities 9 a cl\d1 b only :5 !y are n to be se5 by o!r deities4 ,9 ! f\rte5? book ( ! ,iliad1 = in/ance1 :]e ,juno & ,sleep1 1 betake !mselves to ,m\nt ,ida1 ! crafty goddess's *ief c>e 0 n to be discov]$ by ,v5us1 ^: girdle %e _h borr[$ "u pret5ce ( a v diff]5t j\rney4 ,9 ! same book ! love-drunk5 ,jupit] is oblig$ to surr\nd himself & 8 sp\se ) a gold5 cl\d to ov]come h] *a/e reluctance4 ' 1 ' 4444 ,%e did n fe> to be se5 by m51 b by ! gods4 ,& al?\gh ,hom] makes ,jupit] say a few l9es fur!r on1-- 1 ' 1 4 8,fe> ?\ n t any god or man w look ^u u10 t does n prove t ! cl\d 0 ne$$ to conceal !m f ! eyes ( mortals1 b t 9 ?is cl\d !y w\ld be z invisible to ! gods z !y always 7 to m54 ,s1 :5 ,m9]va puts on ! helmet ( ,pluto 7,iliad1 v4 #dhe71 :i* has ! same effect ( concealm5t t a cl\d w\ld h1 x is n t %e may be conceal$ f ! ,trojans1 :o ei!r see h] n at all or "u ! =m ( ,/h5elus1 b simply t %e may n be recogniz$ by ,m>s4 ,,note #cd1 p4 #hg4 ,tableaux tirs de l',iliade1 ,av]t4 p4 #e4 8,on e/ t\j\rs conv5u1 que plus un pome f\rnissait d'images et d'actions1 plus il avait de supriorit en posie4 ,cette rflexion m'avait conduit p5s] que le calcul des diffr5s tableaux1 qu' (fr5t les pomes1 p\vait s]vir comp>] le mrite respectif des pomes et des potes4 ,le nombre et le g5re des tableaux que prs5t5t ces gr&s ouvrages1 aurai5t t une espce de pi]re de t\*e1 ou1 plutt1 une balance c]ta9e du mrite de ces pomes et du gnie de leurs auteurs40 ,,note #ce1 p4 #hh4 ,:at we call poetic pictures1 ! anci5ts1 z we le>n f ,long9us1 call$ 8phantasi20 & :at we call illusion 9 su* pictures1 !y nam$ 8en>gia40 ,x 0 !re=e said by "s "o1 z ,plut>* tells u 7,erot4 ,t4 ii4 edit4 ,h5r4 ,/eph4 p4 #acea71 t poetic 8phantasi0 71 on acc\nt ( _! 8en>gia10 wak+ dreams3 4 ,i c\ld wi% t our mod]n books ^u poetry _h us$ ?is nom5clature1 & avoid$ ! ^w picture altoge!r4 ,we %\ld ?us h be5 sp>$ a multitude ( d\btful rules1 ^: *ief f\ndation is ! co9cid5ce ( an arbitr>y t]m4 ,no "o w\ld !n h ?\ght ( conf9+ poetic conceptions )9 ! limits ( a mat]ial picture4 ,b ! mom5t ^! conceptions 7 call$ a poetic picture1 ! f\ndation = ! error 0 laid4 ,,note #cf1 p4 #hi4 ,iliad1 iv4 #aje4 ' 1 444 1 ' ' 1 ' ' 1 ' 1 4 1 1 ' ' 1 ' 4 ,to b5d t b[ ! w>rior l[]$ x ,& press$ an end aga9/ ! e>?4444 ,!n ! ,lycian drew aside ,! cov] f 8 quiv]1 tak+ out ,a well-fl$g$ arr[ t _h nev] fl[n1-- ,a cause ( future sorr[s4 ,on ! /r+ ,he laid t fatal arr[4444 ,grasp+ ! b[/r+ & ! arr['s not* ,he drew !m back & =c$ ! /r+ to meet ,8 brea/1 ! arr[-head to meet ! b[1 ,till ! b[ =m$ a circle4 ,!n x twang$2 ,! cord gave out a %rilly s\nd2 ! %aft ,leap$ =? 9 eag] ha/e to rea* ! ho/4--,,bryant4 ,,note #cg1 p4 #ajh4 ,prologue to ! ,satires1 #cdj4 ,t n 9 ,fancy's maze he w&]$ long1 ,b /oop$ to ,tru? & moraliz$ 8 song4 ,ibid4 #adh4 444 ,:o c\ld take (f5ce ,:ile pure description held ! place ( s5se8 ,w>burton's rem>k on ?is la/ l9e may h ! =ce ( an explanation by ! poet himself4 8,he uses pure equivocally1 to signify ei!r *a/e or empty2 & has giv5 9 ?is l9e :at he e/eem$ ! true "* ( descriptive poetry1 z x is call$1--a composition1 9 8 op9ion1 z absurd z a fea/ made up ( sauces4 ,! use ( a picturesque imag9ation is to bright5 & adorn good s5se3 s t to employ x only 9 description1 is l *ildr5's delight+ 9 a prism = ! sake ( its gaudy colors1 :i*1 :5 frugally manag$ & artfully dispos$1 might be made to repres5t & illu/rate ! noble/ objects 9 nature40 ,bo? poet & comm5tator seem to h reg>d$ ! matt] r f a moral ?an an arti/ic po9t ( view4 ,b s mu* ! bett] t ?is /yle ( poetry seems equally wor?less f :i*ev] po9t x be view$4 ,,note #ch1 p4 #ajh4 ,potique ,franaise1 ,t4 ii4 p4 #eja4 8,j'crivais ces rflexions avant que les essais des ,allem&s dans ce g5re 7l',eglogue7 fuss5t connus p>mi n\s4 ,ils ont excut ce que j'avais conu2 et s'ils p>vi5n5t donn] plus au moral et mo9s au dtail des pe9tures physiques1 ils excell]ont dans ce g5re1 plus ri*e1 plus va/e1 plus fcond1 et inf9im5t plus naturel et plus moral que celui de la galant]ie *amptre40 ,,note #ci1 p4 #aae4 ,i see t ,s]vius attempts to excuse ,virgil on o!r gr\nds1 = ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two %ields has n escap$ 8 notice4 8,sane int]e/ int] hunc et ,hom]i clypeum2 illic enim s+ula dum fiunt n>rantur2 hic v]o p]fecto op]e nascuntur2 nam et hic arma prius accipit neas1 quam spect>et2 ibi po/quam omnia n>rata sunt1 sic a ,!tide def]untur ad ,a*illem40 ,!re is a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ?is & ! %ield ( ,hom]3 = !re ev5ts are n>rat$ "o by "o z !y are done1 "h !y are kn[n by ! f9i%$ "w2 "h ! arms are receiv$ by neas be=e be+ se51 !re1 aft] all has be5 told1 !y are c>ri$ by ,!tis to ,a*illes4 7,ad4 v4 #fbe1 lib4 viii4 neid47 ,:y8 8,= ?is reason10 says ,s]vius3 8because1 on ! %ield ( neas1 7 repres5t$ n only ! few ev5ts ref]r$ to by ! poet1 b1-- 444 g5us omne futur ,/irpis ab ,ascanio1 pugnataque 9 ord9e bella1 8,all ! description ( 8 future race f ,ascanius1 & ! battles1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y %\ld occur40 ,x w\ld h be5 impossible = ! poet1 9 ! same %ort space ( "t occupi$ by ,vulcan 9 8 "w1 to m5tion by "n ! long l9e ( desc5dants1 & to tell ( all _! battles 9 ! ord] ( _! occurr5ce4 ,t seems to be ! mean+ ( ,s]vius's some:at obscure words3 8,opportune ergo ,virgilius1 quia non videtur simul et n>rationis cel]itas potuisse connecti1 et opus tam velocit] exp$ire1 ut ad v]bum posset occurr]e40 ,s9ce ,virgil c\ld br+ =w>d b a small "p ( 8! unn>ratable text ( ! %ield10 & n ev5 t little :ile ,vulcan 0 at "w1 he 0 oblig$ to res]ve x till ! :ole 0 f9i%$4 ,= ,virgil's sake1 ,i hope t ?is argum5t ( ,s]vius is baseless4 ,my excuse is mu* m cr$itable to him4 ,:at ne$ 0 !re ( putt+ ! :ole ( ,roman hi/ory on a %ield8 ,) few pictures ,hom] made 8 %ield an epitome ( all t 0 happ5+ 9 ! _w4 ,x w\ld almo/ seem t ,virgil1 despair+ ( surpass+ ! ,greek 9 ! design & execution ( 8 pictures1 0 det]m9$ to exce$ him at lea/ 9 _! numb]1 & t w\ld h be5 ! height ( *ildi%ness4 ,,note #dj1 p4 #aah4 8,scuto ejus1 9 quo ,amazonum prlium clavit intumesc5te ambitu p>m2 ejusdem concava p>te deorum et gigantum1 dimicationem40 8,h] %ield1 on ! convex side ( :i* he sculptur$ a battle ( ! ,amazons1 & on ! concave side ! conte/ ( ! gods & giants40 7,pl9ius1 lib4 xxxvi4 sect4 #d47 ,,note #da1 p4 #abb4 ,! fir/ beg9s at l9e #dhc & goes to l9e #dhi2 ! second ext5ds f #dij to #eji2 ! ?ird1 f #eaj to #edj2 ! f\r?1 f #eda to #edi2 ! fif?1 f #eej to #efj2 ! six?1 f #efa to #egb2 ! sev5?1 f #egc to #ehf2 ! eigh?1 f #ehg to #ehi2 ! n9?1 f #eij to #fje2 & ! t5?1 f #fjf to #fjh4 ,! ?ird picture alone is n s introduc$2 b t x is "o by itself is evid5t f ! words introduc+ ! second1-- 1--z also f ! nature ( ! subject4 ,,note #db1 p4 #abc4 ,iliad1 vol4 v4 obs4 p4 #fa4 ,9 ?is passage ,pope makes an entirely false use ( ! expression 8a]ial p]spective10 :i*1 9 fact1 has no?+ to d ) ! dim9i%+ ( ! size accord+ to ! increas$ di/ance1 b ref]s only to ! *ange ( color occasion$ by ! air or o!r m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! object is se54 ,a man capable ( ?is blund] may ju/ly be suppos$ ignorant ( ! :ole subject4 ,,note #dc1 p4 #abh4 ,con/ant9us ,manasses ,comp5d4 ,*ron4 p4 #bj 7edit4 ,v5et74 ,madame ,daci] 0 well pleas$ ) ?is portrait ( ,manasses1 except = its tautology4 8,de ,hel5 pul*ritud9e omnium optime ,con/ant9us ,manasses2 nisi 9 eo tautologiam repreh5das40 7,ad ,dictyn ,cret5sem1 lib4 i4 cap4 #c1 p4 #e47 ,%e also quotes1 accord+ to ,mez]iac 7,comm5t4 sur les ,eptres d',ovide1 ,t4 i4 p4 #cfa71 ! descriptions giv5 by ,d>es ,phrygius1 & ,c$r5us1 ( ! beauty ( ,hel54 ,9 ! fir/ !re is "o trait :i* s\nds r /range4 ,d>es says t ,hel5 _h a mole betwe5 h] eyebr[s3 8notam int] duo sup]cilia hab5tem40 ,b t c\ld n h be5 a beauty4 ,i wi% ! ,fr5*woman _h giv5 h] op9ion4 ,i1 = my "p1 reg>d ! ^w 8nota0 z a corruption1 & ?9k t ,d>es meant to speak ( :at ! ,greeks call$ 1 & ! ,lat9s1 8glabella40 ,he means to say t ,hel5's eyebr[s did n meet1 b t !re 0 a little space betwe5 !m4 ,! ta/e ( ! anci5ts 0 divid$ on ?is po9t4 ,"s consid]$ ?is space betwe5 ! eyebr[s beauty1 o!rs n4 7,junius de ,pictura ,vet4 lib4 iii4 cap4 #i1 p4 #bde47 ,anacreon took a middle c\rse4 ,! eyebr[s ( 8 belov$ maid5 7 nei!r p]ceptibly sep>at$1 nor 7 !y fully gr[n toge!r3 !y tap]$ (f delicately at a c]ta9 po9t4 ,he says to ! arti/ :o is to pa9t h] 7,od4 #bh73-- 1 1 ' 4 ,?is is ,pau]'s read+1 b ! mean+ is ! same 9 o!r v]sions1 & has be5 rightly giv5 by ,h5r4 ,/ephano3-- ,sup]cilii nigrantes ,discrim9a nec arcus1 ,confundito nec illos3 ,s$ junge sic ut anceps ,divortium rel9quas1 ,quale esse c]nis ipsi4 ,b if my int]pretation ( ,d>es' mean+ be ! true "o1 :at %\ld we read in/ead ( 8notam80 ,p]haps 8moram40 ,= c]ta9ly 8mora0 may mean n only ! int]val ( "t be=e some?+ happ5s1 b also ! imp$im5t1 ! space betwe5 "o ?+ & ano!r4 ,ego inquieta montium jaceam mora1 is ! wi% ( ! rav+ ,h]cules 9 ,s5eca1 :i* ,gronovius v well expla9s ?us3 8,optat se m$ium jac]e int] duas ,symplegades1 ill>um velut moram1 imp$im5tum1 obicem2 qui eas moretur1 vetet aut satis arcte conjungi1 aut rursus di/rahi40 ,! same poet uses 8lac]atorum mor0 9 ! s5se ( 8junctur40 7,s*rd]us ad4 v4 #gfb4 ,?ye/47 ,,note #dd1 p4 #aca4 ,dialogo della ,pittura1 intitolata l',aret9o3 ,fir5ze #agce1 p4 #agh4 8,se vogliono i ,pittori s5za fatica trov>e un p]fetto esempio di bella ,donna1 legiano quelle ,/anze dell' ,ario/o1 nelle quali egli discrive mirabilm5te le belezze della ,fata ,alc9a2 e v$ranno p>im5te1 quanto i buoni ,poeti siano ancora essi ,pittori40 ,,note #de1 p4 #aca4 ,ibid4 8,ecco1 *e1 quanto alla proporzione1 l'+5iosissimo ,ario/o assegna la migliore1 *e sappiano =m> le mani de' pi eccell5ti ,pittori1 us&o que/a voce indu/ri1 p] d9ot> la dilig5za1 *e convi5e al buono artefice40 ,,note #df1 p4 #acb4 ,ibid4 8,qui l',ario/o colorisce1 e 9 que/o suo colorire dimo/ra ess]e un ,titiano40 ,,note #dg1 p4 #acb4 ,ibid4 8,poteva l',ario/o nella guisa1 *e ha detto *ioma bionda1 dir *ioma d'oro3 ma gli p>ve =se1 *e havrebbe havuto troppo del ,poetico4 ,da *e si pu ritr>1 *e 'l ,pittore dee imit> l'oro1 e non mett]lo 7come fanno i ,m9iatori7 nelle sue ,pitture1 9 modo1 *e si possa dire1 que' capelli non sono d'oro1 ma p> *e rispl5dano1 come l'oro40 ,:at ,dolce goes on to quote f ,a!nu is rem>kable1 b happ5s to be a misquotation4 ,i %all speak ( x 9 ano!r place4 ,,note #dh1 p4 #acb4 ,ibid4 8,il naso1 *e disc5de gi1 hav5do p]av5tura la consid]azione a quelle =me de' nasi1 *e si veggono ne' ritratti delle belle ,romane anti*e40 ,,note #di1 p4 #adc4 ,pl9y says ( ,apelles 7lib4 xxxv4 sect4 #cf73 8,fecit et ,dianam sacrificantium ,virg9um *oro mixtam2 quibus vicisse ,hom]i v]sus videtur id ipsum describ5tis40 8,he also made a ,diana surr\nd$ by a b& ( virg9s p]=m+ a sacrifice2 a "w 9 :i* he w\ld seem to h surpass$ ! v]ses ( ,hom] describ+ ! same ?+40 ,?is praise may be p]fectly j2 = beautiful nymphs surr\nd+ a beautiful goddess1 :o t[]s above !m by ! :ole height ( h] maje/ic br[1 =m a !me m fitt+ ! pa9t] ?an ! poet4 ,b ,i am some:at suspici\s ( ! ^w 8sacrificantium40 ,:at h ! nymphs ( ,diana to d ) (f]+ sacrifices8 ,is t ! occupation assign$ !m by ,hom]8 ,by no means4 ,!y roam ) ! goddess ov] hills & ?r\gh =e/2 !y hunt1 play1 dance4 7,odyss4 vi4 #ajb-ajf74 ' ' 1 ' 1 444 ,z :5 o'er ,eryman? ,diana roves ,or wide ,taygetus's res\nd+ groves2 ,a sylvan tra9 ! huntress que5 surr\nds1 ,h] rattl+ quiv] f h] %\ld] s\nds2 ,fi]ce 9 ! sport along ! m\nta9 br[1 ,!y bay ! bo> or *ase ! b\nd+ roe4 ,high o'er ! lawn ) m maje/ic pace1 ,above ! nymphs %e treads ) /ately grace4--,,pope4 ,pl9y1 !re=e1 c h>dly h writt5 8sacrificantium10 r 8v5antium0 7hunt+71 or some?+ l x2 p]haps 8sylvis vagantium0 7roam+ ! woods71 :i* corresponds m ne>ly 9 numb] ( lett]s to ! alt]$ ^w4 8,saltantium0 7b\nd+71 approa*es mo/ ne>ly to ! ( ,hom]4 ,virgil1 also1 9 8 imitation ( ?is passage1 repres5ts ! nymphs z danc+4 7neid1 i4 #dig1 #dih47 ,qualis 9 ,eurot ripis1 aut p] juga ,cyn?i ,ex]cet ,diana *oros4444 ,su* on ,eurotas' banks or ,cyn?us' height ,diana seems2 & s %e *>ms ! sight1 ,:5 9 ! dance ! graceful goddess leads ,! *oir ( nymphs & ov]tops _! heads4--,,dryd54 ,sp5ce gives a rem>kable criticism on ?is passage4 7,polymetis1 dial4 viii47 8,?is ,diana10 he says1 8bo? 9 ! picture & 9 ! descriptions1 0 ! ,diana ,v5atrix1 ?\gh %e 0 n repres5t$1 ei!r by ,virgil or ,apelles or ,hom]1 z hunt+ ) h] nymphs2 b z employ$ ) !m 9 t sort ( dances :i* ( old 7 reg>d$ z v solemn acts ( devotion40 ,9 a note he adds1 8,! expression ( 1 us$ by ,hom] on ?is occasion1 is sc>ce prop] = hunt+2 z t ( 8*oros ex]c]e10 9 ,virgil1 %\ld be und]/ood ( ! religi\s dances ( old1 because danc+1 9 ! old ,roman idea ( x1 0 indec5t1 ev5 = m51 9 public1 unless x 7 ! sort ( dances us$ 9 honor ( ,m>s or ,bac*us or "s o!r ( _! gods40 ,sp5ce supposes t ^? solemn dances are "h ref]r$ to1 :i*1 among ! anci5ts1 7 c\nt$ among ! acts ( religion4 8,x is 9 consequ5ce ( ?is10 he says1 8t ,pl9y1 9 speak+ ( ,diana's nymphs on ?is v occasion1 uses ! ^w 8sacrific>e0 ( !m1 :i* q det]m9es ^! dances ( !irs to h be5 ( ! religi\s k9d40 ,he =gets t1 9 ,virgil1 ,diana jo9s 9 ! dance1 8ex]cet ,diana *oros40 ,if ?is 7 a religi\s dance1 9 ^: honor did ,diana dance x8 9 h] own1 or 9 honor ( "s o!r deity8 ,bo? suppositions are absurd4 ,if ! old ,romans did hold danc+ 9 g5]al to be unbecom+ 9 a grave p]son1 0 t a reason :y _! poets %\ld transf] ! national gravity to ! mann]s ( ! gods1 :i* 7 v diff]5tly repres5t$ by ! old ,greek poets8 ,:5 ,horace says ( ,v5us 7,od4 iv4 lib4 i471-- ,jam ,cy!rea *oros ducit ,v5us1 imm95te luna2 ,junctque ,nymphis ,grati dec5tes ,alt]no t]ram quatiunt p$e4444 8,n[ ,cy!rean ,v5us leads ! b&s1 "u ! %9+ moon1 & ! fair graces1 jo9$ ) ! nymphs1 beat ! gr\nd ) alt]nate feet10--7 ^!1 likewise1 sacr$1 religi\s dances8 ,b x is wa/+ words to argue aga9/ su* a conceit4 ,,note #ej1 p4 #ade4 ,pl9ius1 lib4 xxxiv4 sect4 #ai4 8,ipse tam5 corporum t5us curiosus1 animi s5sus non expressisse videtur1 capillum quoque et pubem non em5datius fecisse1 quam rudis antiquitas in/ituisset4 8,hic primus n]vos et v5as expressit1 capillumque dilig5tius40 ,,note #ea1 p4 #afb4 ,! ,connoisseur1 vol4 i4 no4 #ba4 ,! beauty ( ,knonmquaiha is ?us describ$4 8,he 0 /ruck ) ! glossy hue ( h] complexion1 :i* %one l ! jetty d[n on ! black hogs ( ,hessaqua2 he 0 ravi%$ ) ! pre/ gri/le ( h] nose2 & 8 eyes dwelt ) admiration on ! flaccid beauties ( h] brea/s1 :i* desc5d$ to h] navel40 ,& h[ 7 ^! *>ms set (f by art8 8,%e made a v>ni% ( ! fat ( goats mix$ ) soot1 ) :i* %e ano9t$ h] :ole body z %e /ood b5ea? ! rays ( ! sun2 h] locks 7 clott$ ) melt$ grease1 & p[d]$ ) ! yell[ du/ ( ,bu*u2 h] face1 :i* %one l ! poli%$ ebony1 0 beautifully v>i$ ) spots ( r$ e>?1 & appe>$ l ! sable curta9 ( ! night bespangl$ ) />s2 %e spr9kl$ h] limbs ) wood-a%es1 & p]fum$ !m ) ! dung ( ,/9kb+sem4 ,h] arms & legs 7 entw9$ ) ! %9+ entrails ( an heif]2 f h] neck !re hung a p\* compos$ ( ! /oma* ( a kid2 ! w+s ( an o/ri* ov]%ad[$ ! fle%y promontories beh9d2 & be=e %e wore an apron =m$ ( ! %aggy e>s ( a lion40 ,"h is fur!r ! m>riage c]emony ( ! lov+ pair4 8,! ,surri1 or ,*ief ,prie/1 approa*$ !m1 &1 9 a deep voice1 *ant$ ! nuptial rites to ! melodi\s grumbl+ ( ! ,gom-,gom2 &1 at ! same "t 7accord+ to ! mann] ( ,caffr>ia71 b$ew$ !m pl5tifully ) ! ur9>y b5$iction4 ,! bride & bridegroom rubb$ 9 ! preci\s /ream ) ec/asy1 :ile ! br9y drops trickl$ f _! bodies1 l ! oozy surge f ! rocks ( ,*irigriqua40 ,,note #eb1 p4 #aff4 ,! ,sea-,voyage1 act iii4 sc5e #a4 ,a ,fr5* pirate %ip is ?r[n ^u a des]t isl&4 ,av>ice & envy cause qu>rels among ! m51 & a c\ple ( wret*es1 :o _h long suff]$ extreme want on ! isl&1 seize a favorable opportunity to put to sea 9 ! %ip4 ,robb$ ?us ( _! :ole /ock ( provisions1 ! mis]able m5 see dea?1 9 its wor/ =ms1 />+ !m 9 ! face1 & express to ea* o!r _! hung] & despair z foll[s3-- ,lamure4 ,oh1 :at a tempe/ h ,i 9 my /oma*6 ,h[ my empty guts cry out6 ,my w\nds a*e1 ,w\ld !y w\ld ble$ aga91 t ,i might get ,some?+ to qu5* my ?ir/6 ,franville4 ,o ,lamure1 ! happ9ess my dogs _h ,:5 ,i kept h\se at home6 ,!y _h a /oreh\se1 ,a /oreh\se ( mo/ bless$ bones & cru/s4 ,happy cru/s6 ,oh1 h[ %>p hung] p9*es me6 ,lamure4 ,h[ n[1 :at news8 ,morill>4 ,ha/ any meat yet8 ,franville4 ,n a bit t ,i c see4 ,"h be goodly qu>ries1 b !y be cruel h>d ,to gnaw4 ,i ha' got "s mud1 we'll eat x ) spoons2 ,v good ?ick mud2 b x /9ks damnably4 ,!re's old rott5 trunks ( trees1 too1 ,b n a leaf nor blossom 9 all ! isl&4 ,lamure4 ,h[ x looks6 ,morill>4 ,x /9ks too4 ,lamure4 ,x may be poison4 ,franville4 ,let x be any ?+1 ,s ,i c get x d[n4 ,:y1 man1 ,poison's a pr9cely di%6 ,morill>4 ,ha/ ?\ no biscuit8 ,no crumbs left 9 ?y pocket8 ,"h is my d\blet1 ,give me b ?ree small crumbs4 ,franville4 ,n = ?ree k+doms1 ,if ,i 7 ma/] ( 'em4 ,oh1 ,lamure1 ,b "o poor jo9t ( mutton we ha' scorn$1 man6 ,lamure4 ,?\ speak'/ ( p>adise2 ,or b ! snuffs ( ^? heal?s1 ,we h lewdly at midnight flung away4 ,morill>4 ,ah1 b to lick ! glasses6 ,b ?is is no?+1 comp>$ ) ! next sc5e1 :5 ! %ip's surgeon ent]s4 ,franville4 ,"h comes ! surgeon4 ,:at ,ha/ ?\ discov]$8 ,smile1 smile1 & com=t u4 ,surgeon4 ,i am expir+1 ,smile !y t c4 ,i c f9d no?+1 g5tlem51 ,"h's no?+ c be meat )\t a miracle4 ,oh1 t ,i _h my boxes & my l9ts n[1 ,my /upes1 my t5ts1 & ^? sweet helps ( nature6 ,:at da9ty di%es c\ld ,i make ( !m6 ,morill>4 ,ha/ ne'er an old suppository8 ,surgeon4 ,oh1 w\ld ,i _h1 sir6 ,lamure4 ,or b ! pap] :]e su* a cordial ,potion1 or pills ha? be5 entomb$6 ,franville4 ,or ! be/ bladd]1 :]e a cool+ gli/]8 ,morill>4 ,ha/ ?\ no se>clo?s left8 ,nor any old p\ltices8 ,franville4 ,we c>e n to :at x ha? be5 m9i/]$4 ,surgeon4 ,sure ,i h none ( ^! da9ties1 g5tlem54 ,franville4 ,:]e's ! great w5 ,?\ cut'/ f ,hugh ! sailor's %\ld]8 ,t w\ld s]ve n[ = a mo/ pr9cely banquet4 ,surgeon4 ,ay1 if we _h x1 g5tlem54 ,i flung x ov]bo>d1 slave t ,i 04 ,lamure4 ,a mo/ improvid5t villa96 ,,note #ec1 p4 #agg4 neid1 lib4 ii4 #g1 & especially lib4 xi4 #ahc4 ,we might safely1 !re=e1 add su* a "w to ! li/ ( lo/ writ+s by ?is au?or4 ,,note #ed1 p4 #agi4 ,consult ! li/ ( inscriptions on anci5t works ( art 9 ,m>4 ,gudius4 7ad ,phdri fab4 v4 lib4 i471 &1 9 connection ) t1 ! correction made by ,gronovius4 7,prf4 ad ,tom4 ix4 ,!sauri ,antiq4 ,grc47 ,,note #ee1 p4 #ahb4 ,he at lea/ expressly promises to d s3 8qu suis locis r$dam0 7:i* ,i %all speak ( 9 _! prop] place74 ,b if ?is 0 n :olly =gott51 x 0 at lea/ done v cursorily1 & n at all 9 ! way ?is promise _h l$ u to expect4 ,:5 he writes 7lib4 xxxv4 sect4 #ci71 8,lysippus quoque g9 pictur su inscripsit1 2 quod pr(ecto non fecisset1 nisi encau/ica inv5ta10 he evid5tly uses to prove some?+ q diff]5t4 ,if he meant1 z ,h>d\9 supposes1 to indicate 9 ?is passage "o ( ! works ^: inscription 0 writt5 9 def9ite pa/ "t1 x w\ld h be5 wor? 8 :ile to put 9 a ^w to t effect4 ,h>d\9 f9ds ref]5ce to ! o!r two works 9 ! foll[+ passage3 8,idem 7,divus ,augu/us7 9 ,curia quoque1 quam 9 ,comitio consecrabat1 duas tabulas impressit p>ieti3 ,nemeam s$5tem supra leonem1 palmig]am ipsam1 ad/ante cum baculo s5e1 cujus supra caput tabula big dep5det4 ,nicias scripsit se inussisse2 tali enim usus e/ v]bo4 ,alt]ius tabul admiratio e/1 pub]em filium s5i patri similem esse1 salva tatis diff]5tia1 sup]volante aquila draconem complexa4 ,philo*>es hoc suum opus esse te/atus e/40 7,lib4 xxxv4 sect4 #aj47 ,two diff]5t pictures are "h describ$ :i* ,augu/us _h set up 9 ! newly built s5ate-h\se4 ,! second 0 by ,philo*>es1 ! fir/ by ,nicias4 ,all t is said ( ! picture by ,philo*>es is pla9 & cle>1 b !re are c]ta9 difficulties 9 reg>d to ! o!r4 ,x repres5t$ ,nemea seat$ on a lion1 a palm-bran* 9 h] h&1 & ne> h] an old man ) a /aff3 8cujus supra caput tabula big dep5det40 ,:at is ! mean+ ( t8 8ov] 8 head hung a tablet on :i* 0 pa9t$ a two-horse *>iot40 ,t is ! only mean+ ! words w be>4 ,0 !re1 !n1 a small] picture hung ov] ! l>ge "o8 & 7 bo? by ,nicias8 ,h>d\9 mu/ s h und]/ood x1 else :]e 7 ! two pictures by ,nicias1 s9ce ! o!r is expressly ascrib$ to ,philo*>es8 8,inscripsit ,nicias igitur gem9 huic tabul suum nom5 9 hunc modum3 3 atque adeo e tribus op]ibus1 qu absolute fuisse inscripta1 ,,ille ,,fecit1 indicavit ,prfatio ad ,titum1 duo hc sunt ,niciae40 ,i %\ld l to ask ,h>d\9 "o "q4 ,if ,nicias _h really us$ ! indef9ite1 & n ! def9ite pa/ t5se1 & ,pl9y _h m]ely wi%$ to say t ! ma/]1 in/ead ( 1 _h us$ 1 w\ld he n /ill h be5 oblig$ to say 9 ,lat91 8,nicias scripsit se inussisse80 ,b ,i w n insi/ ^u ?is po9t4 ,pl9y may really h meant to indicate "h "o ( ! ?ree works be=e ref]r$ to4 ,b :o w be induc$ to believe t !re 7 two pictures1 plac$ "o above ! o!r8 ,n ,i = "o4 ,! words 8cujus supra caput tabula big dep5det0 mu/ be a corruption4 8,tabula big10 a picture ( a two-horse *>iot1 does n s\nd mu* l ,pl9y1 al?\gh ,pl9y does else:]e use 8biga0 9 ! s+ul>4 ,:at sort ( a two-horse *>iot8 ,su* z 7 us$ 9 ! races at ! ,neman games1 s t ?is little picture %\ld1 f its subject1 be relat$ to ! *ief "o8 ,t _c be2 = n two b f\r horse *>iots 7 usual 9 ! ,neman games4 7,s*midius 9 ,prol4 ad ,nemeonicas1 p4 #b47 ,at "o "t1 ,i ?\ght t ,pl9y might1 in/ead ( 8big10 h writt5 a ,greek ^w1 1 :i* ! copyi/s did n und]/&4 ,= we "k1 f a passage 9 ,antigonus ,c>y/ius1 quot$ by ,z5obius 7conf4 ,gronovius1 ,t4 ix4 ,antiquit4 ,grc4 ,prf4 p4 #g71 t ! old arti/s did n always put _! "n on ! "w itself1 b sometimes on a sep>ate tablet1 atta*$ to ! picture or /atue1 & ?is tablet 0 call$ 4 ,! ^w 8tabula1 tabella10 might h be5 writt5 9 ! m>g9 9 explanation ( ! ,greek ^w1 & at la/ h crept into ! text4 0 turn$ into 8big10 & s we get 8tabula big40 ,?is agrees p]fectly ) :at foll[s2 = ! next s5t5ce conta9s :at 0 writt5 on x4 ,! :ole passage w\ld !n read ?us3 8cujus supra caput dep5det1 quo ,nicias scripsit se inussisse40 ,my correction is r a bold "o1 ,i ackn[l$ge4 ,ne$ a critic feel oblig$ to sugge/ ! prop] read+ = e passage t he c prove to be corrupt$8 ,i w re/ cont5t ) hav+ done ! latt]1 & leave ! =m] to "s m skilful h&4 ,b to return to ! subject "u discussion4 ,if ,pl9y be "h speak+ ( b a s+le picture by ,nicias1 on :i* he _h inscrib$ 8 "n 9 def9ite pa/ "t1 & if ! second picture ?us inscrib$ be ! above-m5tion$ "o ( ,lysippus1 :]e is ! ?ird8 ,t ,i _c tell4 ,if ,i might look = x else:]e among ! old writ]s1 ! "q 7 easily answ]$4 ,b x ought to be f\nd 9 ,pl9y2 & !re1 ,i repeat1 ,i am entirely unable to discov] x4 ,,note #ef1 p4 #ahf4 ,?us ,/atius says 8obnixa pectora0 7,!baid4 lib4 vi4 v4 #hfc73 444 rumpunt obnixa fur5tes ,pectora4 :i* ! old comm5tator ( ,b>?s expla9s by 8summa vi contra nit5tia40 ,?us ,ovid says 7,halievt4 v4 ii471 8obnixa fronte10 :5 describ+ ! 8sc>us0 try+ to =ce its way ?r\gh ! fi%-trap1 n ) 8 head1 b ) 8 tail4 ,non audet radiis obnixa occurr]e fronte4 ,,note #eg1 p4 #aib4 ,ges*i*te d] ,kun/1 "p ii4 p4 #cbh4 8,he produc$ ! ,antigone1 8 fir/ trag$y1 9 ! ?ird ye> ( ! sev5ty-sev5? ,olympiad40 ,! "t is tol]ably exact1 b x is q a mi/ake to suppose t ?is fir/ trag$y 0 ! ,antigone4 ,nei!r is x s call$ by ,samuel ,petit1 :om ,w9kelmann quotes 9 a note4 ,he expressly puts ! ,antigone 9 ! ?ird ye> ( ! eighty-f\r? ,olympiad4 ,! foll[+ ye>1 ,sophocles w5t ) ,p]icles to ,samos1 & ! ye> ( ?is exp$ition c be det]m9$ ) exactness4 ,9 my life ( ,sophocles1 ,i %[1 f a comp>ison ) a passage ( ! eld] ,pl9y1 t ! fir/ trag$y ( ?is au?or 0 probably ,triptolemus4 7,lib4 xviii4 sect4 #ab47 ,pl9y is speak+ ( ! v>i\s excell5ce ( ! fruits ( diff]5t c\ntries1 & concludes ?us3 8,h fu]e s5t5ti1 ,alex&ro magno regnante1 cum cl>issima fuit ,grcia1 atque 9 toto t]r>um orbe pot5tissima2 ita tam5 ut ante mortem ejus annis f]e ,,cxlv4 ,sophocles poeta 9 fabula ,triptolemo frum5tum ,italicum ante cuncta laudav]it1 ad v]bum translata s5t5tia3 ,et =tunatam ,italiam frum5to can]e c&ido40 ,he is "h n necess>ily speak+ ( ! fir/ trag$y ( ,sophocles1 to be sure4 ,b ! date ( t1 fix$ by ,plut>*1 ! s*olia/1 & ! ,arundelian m>bles1 z ! sev5ty-sev5? ,olympiad1 corresponds s exactly ) ! date assign$ by ,pl9y to ! ,triptolemus1 t we c h>dly help reg>d+ t z ! fir/ ( ,sophocles' trag$ies4 ,! calculation is easily made4 ,alex&] di$ 9 ! hundr$ & f\rte5? ,olympiad4 ,"o hundr$ & =ty-five ye>s cov] ?irty-six ,olympiads & "o ye>1 :i* subtract$ f ! total1 gives sev5ty-sev54 ,! ,triptolemus ( ,sophocles appe>$ 9 ! sev5ty-sev5? ,olympiad2 ! la/ ye> ( ?is same ,olympiad is ! date ( 8 fir/ trag$y3 we may naturally conclude1 !re=e1 t ^! trag$ies are "o4 ,i %[ at ! same "t t ,petit might h sp>$ himself ! writ+ ( ! :ole half ( ! *apt] 9 8 8,miscellanea0 :i* ,w9kelmann quotes 7xviii4 lib4 iii474 ,9 ! passage ( ,pl9y1 :i* he ?9ks to am5d1 x is q unnecess>y to *ange ! "n ( ! ,ar*on ,aphepsion into ,demotion1 or 4 ,he ne$ only h look$ f ! ?ird to ! f\r? ye> ( ! sev5ty-sev5? ,olympiad to f9d t ! ,ar*on ( t ye> 0 call$ ,aphepsion by ! anci5t au?ors q z (t5 z ,phdon1 if n (t5]4 ,he is call$ ,phdon by ,diodorus ,siculus1 ,dionysius ,halic>nassus1 & ! anonym\s au?or ( ! table ( ! ,olympiads2 :ile ! ,arundelian m>bles1 ,apollodorus1 &1 quot+ him1 ,diog5es ,la]tius1 call him ,aphepsion4 ,plut>* calls him by bo? names2 ,phdon 9 ! life ( ,!seus & ,aphepsion 9 ! life ( ,cimon4 ,x is !re=e probable1 z ,palm]ius supposes1 8,aphepsionem et ,phdonem ,ar*ontas fuisse eponymos2 scilicet1 uno 9 magi/ratu mortuo1 suffectus fuit alt]40 7,ex]cit4 p4 #deb47 ,?is rem9ds me t ,w9kelmann1 9 8 fir/ "w on ! imitation ( ,greek art1 all[$ an error to creep 9 ) reg>d to ,sophocles4 8,! mo/ beautiful ( ! y\?s danc$ nak$ 9 ! !atre1 & ,sophocles1 ! great ,sophocles1 0 9 8 y\? ! fir/ to %[ himself ?us to 8 fell[-citiz5s40 ,sophocles nev] danc$ nak$ on ! /age4 ,he danc$ ar\nd ! trophies aft] ! victory ( ,salamis1 accord+ to "s au?orities nak$1 b accord+ to o!rs clo!d4 7,a!n4 lib4 i4 p4 m4 #bj47 ,sophocles 0 "o ( ! boys :o 0 br\ght = safety to ,salamis1 & on ?is isl& x pleas$ ! tragic muse to assemble h] ?ree favorites 9 a gradation typical ( _! future c>e]4 ,! bold s*ylus help$ ga9 ! victory2 ! bloom+ ,sophocles danc$ ar\nd ! trophies2 & on ! same happy isl&1 on ! v day ( ! victory1 ,euripides 0 born4 ,,index4 ,a*illes1 sceptre (1 #ih2 %ield (1 #aac4 ,action1 culm9at+ po9t ( an1 n ! po9t to be repres5t$ by ! arti/1 #af4 ,albani1 ,c>d9al ,alex&]1 8 discov]y ( a vase :i* illu/rat$ ! date ( ! ,laocoon1 #agh et seq4 ,anacreon1 two odes (1 #acc1 #aci4 ,apelles1 8 picture ( ,diana1 #adc4 ,ario/o1 8 description ( ,alc9a1 #abh1 #ach4 ,ari/ophanes1 elem5t ( disgu/ us$ by1 #afa4 ,ari/otle1 advice (1 to ,protog5es1 #gf2 8 reason :y we receive pleasure f a fai?ful copy ( ! disagreeable1 #aed4 ,art %\ld express no?+ ess5tially transitory1 #ag4 ,arts among ! anci5ts1 subject to ! control ( law1 #aj4 ,bac*us1 h[ repres5t$ 9 poetry & pa9t+1 #ef et seq4 ,beauty1 ! supreme law ( ! imitative arts1 #aa2 subord9at$ 9 mod]n art to o!r ends1 #af2 repres5tations ( physical1 ! prov9ce ( pa9t+1 n ( poetry1 #abf4 ,boiv91 8 explanations ( ,hom]1 #aah1 #aba4 ,calab]1 ,qu9tus1 8 r5d]+ ( ! /ory ( ,laocoon1 #cd2 8 acc\nt ( ! dea? ( ,!rsites1 #aej4 ,callima*us1 8 picture ( fam9e1 #afe4 ,c>icature1 law aga9/1 among ! ,!bans1 #i4 ,caylus1 ,c\nt1 "s po9ts 9 8 "w consid]$1 #ga1 #gg1 #hj1 #hb1 #hf1 #hg1 #ic2 8 sket* = a picture ( ,hel51 #adj4 ,*ateaubrun1 8 repres5tation ( ,philoctetes1 #be4 ,cic]o1 8 views 9 reg>d to bodily pa91 #bh4 ,cleyn1 ,francis1 illu/rations by1 #ci4 ,con/ancy1 h[ repres5t$ 9 art1 #fh et seq4 ,daci]1 ,madame1 h] translation ( ,hom]1 #aac4 ,dante1 8 description ( ! />vation ( ,ugol9o1 #aff4 ,de=mity1 physical1 9 art1 produces disgu/1 #aei4 ,disgu/ produc$ m ?r\gh ! o!r s5ses ?an ?r\gh t ( sight1 #afj2 object (1 9 pa9t+1 #afg4 ,disgu/+1 !1 its use 9 express+ ! horror ( fam9e1 #afd4 ,dolce1 8 dialogue on ,pa9t+1 #aca4 ,drama1 expression ( suff]+ 9 !1 #ba et seq4 ,dryd51 8 ,ode on ,cecilia's ,day1 #hi4 ,flaccus1 ,val]ius1 8 description ( an angry ,v5us1 #eg et seq4 ,fr5* language1 n adapt$ to translation ( ,hom]1 #aab4 ,g]man language1 comp>$ to ! ,greek1 #aac4 ,gladiator1 ,borghese1 ! au?or's !ory 9 reg>d to !1 #ahd et seq4 ,gladiatorial %[s1 effect (1 #bi4 ,hall]1 ,von1 description quot$ f 8 8,alps10 #ajc4 ,h]cules1 z repres5t$ by ,sophocles1 #f2 !1 ( ,sophocles1 #ca4 ,hog>?1 8 criticism ( ! ,apollo ,belvid]e1 #ade4 ,hom]1 expressions ( pa9 9 8 h]oes1 #d2 repres5tation ( 8 h]oes1 #gi et seq42 8 descriptions n g5]ally available = pictures1 #hc1 #adc2 8 picture ( ,p&>us1 #hi2 /yle (1 #ic2 8 description ( ! *>iot ( ,juno1 #id2 8 description ( ! sceptre ( ,agamemnon1 #ie2 ( ! %ield ( ,a*illes1 #ih1 #aac1 #aah2 ( ! b[ ( ,p&>us1 #ii2 8 indebt$ness to ! flexibility ( ! ,greek language1 #aab2 8 description ( ! beleagu]$ city1 #aba2 avoids detail$ description1 #abg2 8 repres5tation ( ,hel51 #acf2 8 ,!rsites1 #adh et seq4 ,imitations ( ! poet by ! arti/ & ! rev]se1 #di et seq4 ,inv5tion requir$ less ( ! arti/ ?an ( ! poet1 #gb et seq4 ,junius1 ,francis1 an unsafe au?ority1 #ahh4 ,juno1 h[ repres5t$ 9 anci5t art1 #eg4 ,klei/1 ,von1 8 own judgm5t ( 8 poem 8,spr+10 #ajh4 ,klotzius1 on ! effects ( diff]5t =ms ( ! disagreeable 9 art1 #aeh4 ,laocoon1 ( ,virgil1 #bj et seq42 comp>$ ) ! /atue1 #cf et seq42 conta9s traits unavailable = ! arti/1 #db2 ! gr\p (1 possibly sugge/$ by ,virgil's description1 #dc et seq42 !1 probable date (1 #agj et seq4 ,long9us1 8 rem>ks 9 reg>d to eloqu5ce & poetry1 #ahh4 ,lucian repres5ts physical beauty by comp>ison ) /atues1 #ace4 ,manasses1 ,con/ant9us1 8 pictures ( ,hel51 #abg4 ,m>tiani1 8 op9ion 9 reg>d to ! date ( ! ,laocoon1 #cd et seq4 ,mazzuoli1 8 8,rape ( ! ,sab9es10 #aji4 ,m5gs1 8 criticism on ,raphael's drap]y1 #aaj4 ,milton furni%es few subjects = a pa9t]1 #hg4 ,m9]va1 h[ repres5t$ 9 anci5t art1 #eg1 #gh4 ,montfaucon1 8 want ( ta/e1 #ad2 8 op9ions 9 reg>d to ! date ( ! ,laocoon1 #cc et seq4 ,olympic judges1 law ( !1 #aj4 ,ovid1 8 description ( ,lesbia1 #acg2 8 description ( ! puni%m5t ( ,m>syas1 #afc2 8 picture ( fam9e1 #afe4 ,pa91 expression (1 9 ,sophocles1 #c2 9 ,hom]1 #d1 #e2 among ,europeans1 #d2 among ! ,greeks1 #e2 9 its disfigur+ extreme1 n compatible ) beauty1 #ac2 expression (1 among ! ,engli%1 #bf4 ,pa9t+ among ! ,greeks conf9$ to imitation ( beauty1 #h4 ,passion1 viol5t1 n express$ 9 anci5t art1 #ab4 ,pauson1 "* ( 8 pictures1 #i4 ,phidias1 8 indebt$ness to ,hom]1 #add et seq4 ,philoctetes ( ,sophocles1 !1 8 suff]+s comp>$ ) ^? ( ,laocoon1 #c2 !1 ( ,py?agoras ,leont9us1 #ad2 ( ,sophocles1 ! embodim5t ( physical & m5tal suff]+1 #bc1 #bd1 #cj4 ,picturesque1 !1 9 poetry1 #hh4 ,pis&]1 possibly ,virgil's pr$ecessor 9 ! hi/ory ( ,laocoon1 #cd4 ,pl9y1 8 m5tion ( ! ,laocoon1 #agb2 ( fam\s ,greek sculptors1 #agc et seq4 ,poetry1 h[ x surpasses art 9 description ( physical beauty1 #acg et seq4 ,polygnotus1 pictures (1 #abc et seq4 ,pope1 contempt (1 = descriptive poems1 #ajh2 8 explanations ( ,hom]1 #abb et seq4 ,pord5one1 8 picture ( ! entombm5t1 #afg4 ,pyreicus1 "* ( 8 pictures1 #i4 ,religion1 influ5ce (1 on art1 #fb et seq4 ,ri*>dson1 rem>ks (1 on ,virgil's ,laocoon1 #de2 8 criticism ( ,pord5one1 #afg4 ,ridicul\s1 !1 height5$ by an elem5t ( disgu/1 #afa4 ,sadolet1 extract f1 #df4 ,%akespe>e1 8 use ( ugl9ess 9 ! "* ( ,ri*>d ,,iii41 #aea4 ,sophocles1 a ,laocoon among 8 lo/ works1 #f2 8 description ( ! des]t cave ( ,philoctetes1 #afc4 ,sp5ce1 ,rev4 ,mr41 criticism ( 8 "w 8,polymetis10 #ej2 notions (1 9 reg>d to ! resemblance betwe5 pa9t+ & poetry1 #ee1 #eg4 ,/atius1 8 description ( an angry ,v5us1 #eg et seq4 ,/atues1 beautiful1 produc$ beautiful m51 #aj4 ,/oicism n adapt$ to ! drama1 #f4 ,/os*1 ,h]r von1 8 op9ion ( ! ,borghese ,gladiator1 #ahc4 ,symbols1 use (1 9 poetry & pa9t+1 #fg et seq4 ,temp]ance1 h[ repres5t$ 9 art1 #fh et seq4 ,timan!s1 picture ( ,iphig5ia by1 #ab4 ,timoma*us1 8 repres5tations ( ,ajax & ,m$ea1 #ah4 ,titian1 8 picture ( ! ,prodigal ,son1 #aji4 ,ugl9ess1 z us$ 9 poetry1 #adi1 #aef2 z us$ 9 pa9t+1 #aec1 #aef4 ,urania1 h[ repres5t$ 9 art1 #fg4 ,ve/a1 h[ wor%ipp$1 #fd et seq4 ,virgil1 description f ! ,georgics1 #ajf2 8 description ( ! %ield ( neas1 #aad2 ! ,dido (1 #acc2 8 introduction ( ! ,h>pies1 #aff4 ,w9kelmann1 quot$1 #a2 s\ndness ( 8 criticism d\bt$1 #b2 8 op9ion ( ! ,laocoon1 #afh2 8 op9ion ( ! ,borghese ,gladiator1 #ahc2 criticism (1 #ahg et seq4 ,zeuxis1 8 picture ( ,hel51 #adj et seq4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,von d] ,na*ahmung d] grie*is*5 ,w]ke 9 d] ,mal]ei und ,bildhau]kun/1 p4 #ba1 #bb4 ,footnote #b3 ,brumoy ,?t4 des ,grecs1 ,t4 ii4 p4 #hi4 ,footnote #c3 ,iliad v4 #cdc4 4 ,footnote #d3 ,iliad v4 #hei4 ,footnote #e3 ,?4 ,b>?ol9us4 ,de ,causis contempt a ,danis adhuc ,g5tilibus ,mortis1 cap4 #a4 ,footnote #f3 ,iliad vii4 #dba4 ,footnote #g3 ,odyssey iv4 #aie4 ,footnote #h3 ,*ateaubrun4 ,footnote #i3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #a4 ,footnote #aj3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #b4 ,footnote #aa3 ,ari/ophanes1 ,plut4 v4 #fjb et ,a*>n5s4 v4 #hed4 ,footnote #ab3 ,pl9ius1 lib4 xxx4 sect4 #cg4 ,footnote #ac3 ,de ,pictura vet4 lib4 ii4 cap4 iv4 sect4 #a4 ,footnote #ad3 ,pl9ius1 lib4 xxxiv4 sect4 #i4 ,footnote #ae3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #c4 ,footnote #af3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #d4 ,footnote #ag3 ,pl9ius1 lib4 xxxv4 sect4 #ce4 ,cum m/os p9xisset omnes1 prcipue patruum1 et tri/iti omnem imag9em consumpsisset1 patris ipsius vultum velavit1 quem digne non pot]at o/5d]e4 ,footnote #ah3 ,val]ius ,maximus1 lib4 viii4 cap4 #b4 ,summi mroris ac]bitatem arte exprimi non posse confessus e/4 ,footnote #ai3 ,antiquit4 expl4 ,t4 i4 p4 #ej4 ,footnote #bj3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #e4 ,footnote #ba3 ,bellorii ,admir&a1 ,tab4 #aa1 #ab4 ,footnote #bb3 ,pl9ius1 lib4 xxxiv4 sect4 #ai4 ,footnote #bc3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #f4 ,footnote #bd3 ,philippus1 ,an?ol4 lib4 iv4 cap4 #i1 ep4 #aj4 4 1 o 2 4444 ,footnote #be3 ,vita ,apoll4 lib4 ii4 cap4 #bb4 ,footnote #bf3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #g4 ,footnote #bg3 ,m]cure de ,france1 ,april1 #agee1 p4 #agg4 ,footnote #bh3 8,! ,!ory ( ,moral ,s5tim5ts10 by ,adam ,smi?1 "p i4 sect4 #b1 *ap #a4 7,london1 #agfa47 ,footnote #bi3 ,tra*4 v4 #ajhh1 #ajhi3 4444 ,footnote #cj3 ,topographi ,urbis ,rom1 lib4 iv4 cap4 #ad4 ,et quanquam hi 7,ages&] et ,polydorus et ,a!nodorus ,rhodii7 ex ,virgilii descriptione /atuam hanc =mavisse vid5tur1 c4 ,footnote #ca3 ,suppl4 aux ,ant4 ,expliq4 ,t4 i4 p4 #bdb4 ,il semble qu',ags&re1 ,polydore1 et ,a?nodore1 qui en fur5t les ouvri]s1 ai5t travaill comme l'envie1 p\r laiss] un monum5t qui rpondait l'incomp>able description qu'a fait ,virgile de ,laocoon1 c4 ,footnote #cb3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #h4 ,footnote #cc3 ,p>alip4 lib4 xii4 v4 #cih-djh4 ,footnote #cd3 ,or r s]p5t1 = ,lycophron m5tions b "o3 ,footnote #ce3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #i4 ,footnote #cf3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #aj4 ,footnote #cg3 ,_! de/9$ way !y take1 ,& to ,laocoon & 8 *ildr5 make2 ,& fir/ ar\nd ! t5d] boys !y w9d1 ,!n ) _! %>p5$ fangs _! limbs & bodies gr9d4 ,! wret*$ fa!r1 runn+ to _! aid ,) pi\s ha/e1 b va91 !y next invade4--,,dryd54 ,footnote #ch3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #aa4 ,footnote #ci3 ,) bo? 8 h&s he labors at ! knots4 ,footnote #dj3 ,twice r\nd 8 wai/ _! w9d+ volumes roll$1 ,& twice ab\t 8 gasp+ ?roat !y fold4 ,! prie/ ?us d\bly *ok$1--_! cre/s divide1 ,& t[]+ o'er 8 head 9 triumph ride4--,,dryd54 ,footnote #da3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ab4 ,footnote #db3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ac4 ,footnote #dc3 ,8 holy fillets ! blue v5om blots4--,,dryd54 ,footnote #dd3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ad4 ,footnote #de3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ae4 ,footnote #df3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #af4 ,footnote #dg3 ,! fir/ edition 0 issu$ 9 #agdg2 ! second1 #agee4 ,selections by ,n4 ,t9dal h be5 pr9t$ m ?an once4 ,footnote #dh3 ,val4 ,flaccus1 lib4 vi4 v4 #ee1 #ef4 ,polymetis1 dial4 vi4 p4 #ej4 ,footnote #di3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ag4 ,footnote #ej3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ah4 ,footnote #ea3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ai4 ,footnote #eb3 ,tibullus1 ,eleg4 #d1 lib4 iii4 ,polymetis1 dial4 viii4 ,footnote #ec3 ,/atius1 lib4 i4 ,sylv4 #e1 v4 #h4 ,polymetis1 dial4 viii4 ,footnote #ed3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #bj4 ,footnote #ee3 neid1 lib4 viii4 #gbe4 ,polymetis1 dial4 xiv4 ,footnote #ef3 ,9 v>i\s passages ( 8 ,travels ,rem>ks on ,italy & 8 ,dialogues on ,anci5t ,m$als4 ,footnote #eg3 ,polymetis1 dial4 ix4 ,footnote #eh3 ,metamorph4 lib4 iv4 #ai1 #bj4 ,:5 ?\ appe>e/ unhorn$1 ?y head is z ! head ( a virg94 ,footnote #ei3 ,beg]i ,!s4 ,br&5b4 vol4 iii4 p4 #bdb4 ,footnote #fj3 ,polymetis1 dial4 vi4 ,footnote #fa3 ,polymetis1 dial4 xx4 ,footnote #fb3 ,polymetis1 dial4 vii4 ,footnote #fc3 ,argonaut4 lib4 ii4 v4 #ajb-ajf4 8,graci\s ! goddess is n emul\s to appe>1 nor does %e b9d h] hair ) ! burni%$ gold1 lett+ h] />ry tresses float ab\t h]4 ,wild %e is & huge1 h] *eeks suffus$ ) spots2 mo/ l to ! ,/ygian virg9s ) crackl+ tor* & black mantle40 ,footnote #fd3 ,!baid4 lib4 v4 #fa-fd4 8,leav+ anci5t ,paphos & ! hundr$ alt>s1 n l h] =m] self 9 c\nt5ance or ! fa%ion ( h] hair1 %e is said to h loos5$ ! nuptial girdle & h s5t away h] doves4 ,"s report t 9 ! dead ( night1 be>+ o!r fires & mighti] arms1 %e _h ha/$ ) ! ,t>t>ean si/]s to b$-*amb]s1 & fill$ ! secret places ( homes ) tw9+ snakes1 & all ?re%olds ) cruel fe>40 ,footnote #fe3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ba4 ,footnote #ff3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #bb4 ,footnote #fg3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #bc4 ,footnote #fh3 ,polymetis1 dial4 vii4 ,footnote #fi3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #bd4 ,footnote #gj3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #be4 ,footnote #ga3 ,lipsius de ,ve/a et ,ve/alibus1 cap4 #ac4 ,footnote #gb3 ,pausanias1 ,cor9?4 cap4 xxxv4 p4 #aih 7edit4 ,kuhn74 ,footnote #gc3 ,pausanias1 ,attic4 cap4 xviii4 p4 #da4 ,footnote #gd3 ,polyb4 ,hi/4 lib4 xvi4 sect4 #b1 ,op4 ,t4 ii4 p4 #ddc 7edit ,erne/474 ,footnote #ge3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #bf4 ,footnote #gf3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #bg4 ,footnote #gg3 ,polymetis1 dial4 viii4 ,footnote #gh3 ,/atius1 ,!b4 viii4 #eea4 ,footnote #gi3 ,polymetis1 dial4 x4 ,footnote #hj3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #bh4 ,footnote #ha3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #bi4 ,footnote #hb3 ,betra*tung5 b] die ,mal]ei1 p4 #aei4 ,footnote #hc3 ,ad ,pisones1 v4 #abh-acj4 8,?\ wilt d bett] to write out 9 acts ! /ory ( ,troy1 ?an to tell ( ?+s n yet kn[n nor sung40 ,footnote #hd3 ,lib4 xxxv4 sect4 #cf4 ,footnote #he3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #cj4 ,footnote #hf3 ,iliad xxi4 #che4 ,footnote #hg3 ,%e only /epp$ ,backw>d a space1 & ) h] p[]ful h& ,lift$ a /one t lay ^u ! pla91 ,black1 huge1 & jagg$1 :i* ! m5 ( old ,_h plac$ !re = a l&m>k4--,,bryant4 ,footnote #hh3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ca4 ,footnote #hi3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #cb4 ,footnote #ij3 ,iliad iii4 #cha4 ,footnote #ia3 ,iliad v4 #bc4 ,footnote #ib3 ,iliad xx4 #ddd4 ,footnote #ic3 ,iliad xx4 #ddf4 ,footnote #id3 ,iliad xx4 #cba4 ,footnote #ie3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #cc4 ,footnote #if3 ,iliad i4 #dd-ec4 ,tableaux tirs de l',iliade1 p4 #gj4 ,d[n he came1 ,d[n f ! summit ( ! ,olympian m\nt1 ,wra?ful 9 he>t2 8 %\ld]s bore ! b[ ,& holl[ quiv]2 !re ! arr[s rang ,^u ! %\ld]s ( ! angry god1 ,z on he mov$4 ,he came z comes ! night1 ,&1 seat$ f ! %ips alo(1 s5t =? ,an arr[2 t]rible 0 he>d ! clang ,( t respl5d5t b[4 ,at fir/ he smote ,! mules & ! swift dogs1 & !n on man ,he turn$ ! deadly arr[4 ,all ar\nd ,gl>$ ev]more ! frequ5t fun]al piles4--,,bryant4 ,footnote #ig3 ,iliad iv4 #a-d4 ,tableaux tirs de l',iliade1 p4 #cj4 ,meantime ! immortal gods ) ,jupit] ,^u 8 gold5 pavem5t sat & held ,a c\ncil4 ,hebe1 honor$ ( !m all1 ,m9i/]$ nect>1 & f cups ( gold ,!y pl$g$ ea* o!r1 look+ d[n on ,troy4 ,,bryant4 ,footnote #ih3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #cd4 ,footnote #ii3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ce4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #cf4 ,footnote #aja3 ,iliad v4 #gbb4 ,hebe roll$ ! :eels1 ,ea* ) eight spokes1 & jo9$ !m to ! ends ,( ! /eel axle1--fellies wr\ght ( gold1 ,b\nd ) a braz5 rim to la/ = ages1-- ,a wond] to behold4 ,! holl[ naves ,7 silv]1 & on gold & silv] cords ,0 slung ! *>iot's seat2 9 silv] hooks ,re/$ ! re9s2 & silv] 0 ! pole ,:]e ! fair yoke & poitrels1 all ( gold1 ,%e fa/5$4--,,bryant4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,iliad ii4 #dc-dg4 ,he sat upright & put 8 tunic on1 ,s(t1 fair1 & new1 & ov] t he ca/ ,8 ample cloak1 & r\nd 8 %apely feet ,lac$ ! becom+ s&als4 ,next1 he hung ,^u 8 %\ld]s & 8 side ! sword ,) silv] /uds1 & took into 8 h& ,! ance/ral sceptre1 old b undecay$4--,,bryant4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,iliad ii4 #aja-ajh4 ,he held ,! sceptre2 ,vulcan's skill _h fa%ion$ x1 ,& ,vulcan gave x to ,saturnian ,jove1 ,& ,jove be/[$ x on 8 mess5g]1 ,! ,argus-quell] ,h]mes4 ,he 9 turn ,gave x to ,pelops1 great 9 horseman%ip2 ,& ,pelops pass$ ! gift to ,atreus next1 ,! p's %eph]d4 ,atreus1 :5 he di$1 ,bequea!d x to ,?ye/es1 ri* 9 flocks2 ,& la/1 ,?ye/es left x to be borne ,by ,agamemnon1 symbol ( 8 rule ,o'er _m isles & all ! ,argive realm4--,,bryant4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,iliad i4 #bcd-bci4 ,by ?is my sceptre1 :i* c nev] be> ,a leaf or twig1 s9ce fir/ x left its /em ,among ! m\nta9s1--= ! /eel has p>$ ,its b\ghs & b>k away1--to spr\t no m1 ,& n[ ! ,a*aian judges be> x1--!y ,:o gu>d ! laws receiv$ f ,jupit]4 ,,bryant4 ,footnote #aje3 ,iliad iv4 #aje-aaa4 ,he uncov]$ /raight ,8 poli%$ b[ made ( ! ela/ic horns ,( a wild goat1 :i*1 f 8 lurk+-place1 ,z once x left its cav]n lair1 he smote1 ,& pi]c$ its brea/1 & /ret*$ x on ! rock4 ,full sixte5 palms 9 l5g? ! horns _h gr[n ,f ! goat's =ehead4 ,^! an artisan ,_h smoo!d1 &1 aptly fitt+ ea* to ea*1 ,poli%$ ! :ole & tipp$ ! "w ) gold4 ,,bryant4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,von ,hall]'s ,alps4 ,! l(ty g5tian's head 9 /ately gr&eur t[]s ,f> o'er ! common h]d ( vulg> we$s & l[2 ,b5ea? 8 bann]s s]ve communities ( fl[]s2 ,8 azure bre?r51 too1 9 rev'r5ce to him b[4 ,! blossom's pure/ gold 9 curv+ radiations ,erect ^u ! /alk1 above its gray robe gleams2 ,! leaflets' pe>ly :ite ) deep gre5 v>iegations ,) fla%es _m-hu$ ( ! moi/ diamond beams4 ,o ,law b5efic5t6 :i* /r5g? to beauty plighte?1 ,& to a %ape s fair a fair] s\l unite?4 ,"h on ! gr\nd a plant l a gray mi/ is tw9+1 ,9 fa%ion ( a cross its leaves by ,nature laid2 ,"p ( ! beaute\s fl[]1 ! gild$ beak is %9+1 ,( a fair bird ^: %ape ( ame?y/ seems made4 ,!re into f+]s cleft a poli%$ leaf reposes1 ,& o'er a limpid brook its gre5 reflection ?r[s2 ,) rays ( :ite a /rip$ /> encloses ,! fl[]et's disk1 :]e p9k flu%es its t5d] sn[s4 ,?us on ! trodd5 hea? are rose & em]ald gl[+1 ,& e'en ! rugg$ rocks are purple bann]s %[+4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,breit+]'s kritis*e ,di*tkun/1 vol4 ii4 p4 #hjg4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,georg4 lib4 iii4 #ea & #gi4 ,if h] l>ge front & neck va/ /r5g? d5ote2 ,if on h] knee ! p5dul\s dewlap float2 ,if curl+ horns _! cresc5t inw>d b5d1 ,& bri/ly hairs b5ea? ! e> def5d2 ,if l5g!n+ flanks to b\nd+ measure spread2 ,if broad h] foot & bold h] bull-l head2 ,if sn[y spots h] mottl$ body /a91 ,& h] indignant br[ ! yoke disda91 ,) tail wide-sweep+ z %e /alks ! dews1 ,?us1 l(ty1 l>ge1 & long1 ! "m *oose4 ,,dryd54 ,footnote #aji3 ,georg4 lib4 iii4 #ea & #gi4 ,light on 8 airy cre/ 8 sl5d] head1 ,8 belly %ort1 8 lo9s luxuriant spread2 ,muscle on muscle knots 8 brawny brea/1 c4 ,,dryd54 ,footnote #aaj3 ,de ,art4 ,poet4 #af4 ,footnote #aaa3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #cg4 ,footnote #aab3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ch4 ,footnote #aac3 ,g$ank5 b] die ,s*nheit und b] d5 ,ges*mack 9 d] ,mal]ei1 p4 #fi4 ,footnote #aad3 ,iliad v4 #gbb4 ,footnote #aae3 ,iliad xii4 #bif4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,dionysius ,halic>nass4 9 ,vita ,hom]i apud ,?4 ,gale 9 ,opusc4 ,my?ol4 p4 #dja4 ,footnote #aag3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ci4 ,footnote #aah3 neid lib4 viii4 #ddg4 ,_! artful h&s a %ield prep>e4 ,"o /irs ! fire1 & "o ! bell[s bl[s2 ,! hiss+ /eel is 9 ! smi?y dr[n$2 ,! grot ) beat5 anvils groans ar\nd4 ,by turns _! arms advance 9 equal "t1 ,by turns _! h&s desc5d & hamm]s *ime2 ,!y turn ! gl[+ mass ) crook$ tongs4 ,,dryd54 ,footnote #aai3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #dj4 ,footnote #abj3 ,iliad xviii4 #dig-ejh4 ,mean:ile a multitude ,0 9 ! =um :]e a /rife w5t on1-- ,two m5 cont5d+ = a f9e1 ! price ,( "o :o _h be5 sla94 ,be=e ! cr[d ,"o claim$ t he _h paid ! f9e1 & "o ,d5i$ t aught _h be5 receiv$1 & bo? ,call$ = ! s5t5ce :i* %\ld end ! /rife4 ,! p clamor$ = bo? sides1 = bo? ,_h eag] fri5ds2 ! h]ald held ! cr[d ,9 *eck2 ! eld]s1 ^u poli%$ /ones1 ,sat 9 a sacr$ circle4 ,ea* "o took ,9 turn a h]ald's sceptre 9 8 h&1 ,& ris+ gave 8 s5t5ce4 ,9 ! mid/ ,two tal5ts lay 9 gold1 to be ! me$ ,( him ^: ju/] judgm5t %\ld prevail4 ,,bryant4 ,footnote #aba3 ,iliad xviii4 #eji-edj4 ,footnote #abb3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #da4 ,footnote #abc3 ,phocic4 cap4 xxv4-xxxi4 ,footnote #abd3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #db4 ,footnote #abe3 ,betra*tung5 b] die ,mal]ei1 p4 #ahe4 ,footnote #abf3 ,writt5 9 #agfc4 ,footnote #abg3 8,%e 0 a woman "r beautiful1 ) f9e eyebr[s1 ( cle>e/ complexion1 beautiful *eeks2 comely1 ) l>ge1 full eyes1 ) sn[-:ite sk91 quick-glanc+1 graceful2 a grove fill$ ) graces1 fair-arm$1 voluptu\s1 brea?+ beauty undisguis$4 ,! complexion fair1 ! *eek rosy1 ! c\nt5ance pleas+1 ! eye bloom+2 a beauty un>tificial1 unt9t$1 ( its natural color1 add+ brightness to ! brighte/ *]ry1 z if "o %\ld dye ivory ) respl5d5t purple4 ,h] neck long1 ( dazzl+ :it5ess2 :5ce %e 0 call$ ! swan-born1 beautiful ,hel540 ,footnote #abh3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #dc4 ,footnote #abi3 ,orl&o ,furioso1 canto vii4 /4 #aa-ae4 ,h] %ape is ( su* p]fect symmetry1 ,z be/ to feign ! indu/ri\s pa9t] kn[s2 ,) long & knott$ tresses2 to ! eye ,n yell[ gold ) bright] lu/re gl[s4 ,^u h] t5d] *eek ! m+l$ dye ,is scatt]$ ( ! lily & ! rose4 ,l ivory smoo?1 ! =ehead gay & r\nd ,fills up ! space & =ms a fitt+ b\nd4 ,two black & sl5d] ar*es rise above ,two cle> black eyes1 say suns ( radiant light1 ,:i* ev] s(tly beam & sl[ly move2 ,r\nd ^! appe>s to sport 9 frolic flight1 ,h5ce scatt]+ all 8 %afts1 ! little ,love1 ,& seems to plund] he>ts 9 op5 sight4 ,!nce1 ?r\gh 'mid visage1 does ! nose desc5d1 ,:]e envy f9ds n blemi% to am5d4 ,z if betwe5 two vales1 :i* s(tly curl1 ,! m\? ) v]meil t9t is se5 to gl[2 ,)9 are /rung two r[s ( ori5t pe>l1 ,:i* h] delici\s lips %ut up or %[1 ,( =ce to melt ! he>t ( any *url1 ,h[ev] rude1 h5ce c\rte\s acc5ts fl[2 ,& "h t g5tle smile receives its bir?1 ,:i* opes at w a p>adise on e>?4 ,l milk ! bosom1 & ! neck ( sn[2 ,r\nd is ! neck1 & full & r\nd ! brea/2 ,:]e1 fre% & firm1 two ivory apples gr[1 ,:i* rise & fall1 z1 to ! m>g9 press$ ,by pleasant breeze1 ! bill[s come & g4 ,n pry+ ,argus c\ld disc]n ! re/4 ,yet might ! obs]v+ eye ( ?+s conceal$ ,conjecture safely f ! *>ms reveal$4 ,to all h] arms a j proportion be>1 ,& a :ite h& is (t5times descri$1 ,:i* n>r[ is & som$eal long1 & :]e ,no knot appe>s nor ve9 is signifi$4 ,= f9i% ( t /ately %ape & r>e1 ,a foot1 neat1 %ort1 & r\nd b5ea? is spi$4 ,angelic visions1 creatures ( ! sky1 ,conceal$ b5ea? no cov]+ veil c lie4 ,,william ,,/ew>t ,,rose4 ,footnote #acj3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #dd4 ,footnote #aca3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #de4 ,footnote #acb3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #df4 ,footnote #acc3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #dg4 ,footnote #acd3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #dh4 ,footnote #ace3 neid iv4 #acf4 ,! que5 at l5g? appe>s2 ,a fl[]$ cym> ) gold5 fr+e %e wore1 ,& at h] back a gold5 quiv] bore2 ,h] fl[+ hair a gold5 caul re/ra9s2 ,a gold5 clasp ! ,tyrian robe su/a9s4--,,dryd54 ,footnote #acf3 ,od4 xxviii41 xxix4 ,footnote #acg3 1 #c1 ,t4 ii4 p4 #dfa 7edit4 ,reitz74 ,footnote #ach3 ,iliad iii4 #aba4 ,footnote #aci3 ,ibid4 #cai4 ,footnote #adj3 ,ibid4 #aef-aeh4 ,small blame is !irs if bo? ! ,trojan knights ,& braz5-mail$ ,a*aians h endur$ ,s long s _m evils = ! sake ,( t "o woman4 ,%e is :olly l ,9 feature to ! dea?less goddesses4--,,bryant4 ,footnote #ada3 ,val4 ,maximus lib4 iii4 cap4 #g4 ,dionysius ,halic>nass4 ,art4 ,rhet4 cap4 #ab4 4 ,footnote #adb3 ,s be x2 let h]1 pe]less z %e is1 ,return on bo>d ! fleet1 nor /ay to br+ ,disa/] ^u u & all our race4--,,bryant4 ,footnote #adc3 ,fabricii ,biblio?4 ,grc4 lib4 ii4 cap4 #f1 p4 #cde4 ,footnote #add3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #di4 ,footnote #ade3 ,iliad i4 #ebh4 ,val]ius ,maximus1 lib4 iii4 cap4 #g4 ,z ?us he spoke ! son ( ,saturn gave ,! nod ) 8 d>k br[s4 ,! ambrosial curls ,^u ! ,sov]eign ,"o's immortal head ,7 %ak51 & ) !m ! mighty m\nt ,olympus trembl$4--,,bryant4 ,footnote #adf3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ej4 ,footnote #adg3 ,hog>?'s ,analysis ( ,beauty1 *ap4 xi4 ,footnote #adh3 ,iliad iii4 #baj4 ,footnote #adi3 ,philos4 ,s*rift5 des ,h]rn ,moses ,m5delssohn1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bc4 ,footnote #aej3 ,de ,poetica1 cap4 v4 ,footnote #aea3 ,p>alipom4 lib4 i4 #gbj-ggh4 ,footnote #aeb3 ,k+ ,le>1 ,act i4 sc5e #b4 ,footnote #aec3 ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,iii4 ,act i4 sc5e #a4 ,footnote #aed3 ,briefe1 die neue/e ,lit]atur betreff5d1 ,"p v4 p4 #ajb4 ,footnote #aee3 ,de ,poetica1 cap4 iv4 ,footnote #aef3 ,klotzii ,epi/ol ,hom]ic1 p4 #cc et seq4 ,footnote #aeg3 ,klotzii ,epi/ol ,hom]ic1 p4 #ajc4 ,footnote #aeh3 ,nubes1 #agj-agd4 ,disciple4 ,b he 0 lately depriv$ ( a great idea by a weasel4 ,/repsiades4 ,9 :at way8 tell me4 ,disciple4 ,he 0 /udy+ ! c\rses ( ! moon & h] revolutions1 &1 :ile gaz+ upw>d op5-m\!d1 a weasel 9 ! d>k dung$ ^u him f ! ro(4 ,footnote #aei3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ea4 ,footnote #afj3 1 4 p4 #ae 7edit4 ,t4 ,fabri74 ,footnote #afa3 ,scut4 ,h]cul4 #bff4 ,footnote #afb3 ,philoct4 #ca-ci4 ,footnote #afc3 neid1 lib4 ii4 #bgg4 ,footnote #afd3 ,metamorph4 vi4 #chg4 8,! sk9 is torn f ! upp] limbs ( ! %riek+ ,m>syas1 till he is n\ght b "o great w\nd3 ?ick blood oozes on e side2 ! b>$ s9ews are visible2 & ! palpitat+ ve9s quiv]1 /ripp$ ( ! cov]+ ( sk92 y c c\nt ! protrud+ entrails1 & ! muscles %9+ 9 ! brea/4 ,footnote #afe3 ,metamorph4 lib4 viii4 #hji4 8,see+ ,fam9e af> (f1 %e deliv]s ! message ( ! goddess4 ,& aft] a little :ile1 al?\gh %e 0 yet at a di/ance & 0 b approa*+1 yet ! m]e sight produc$ hung]40 ,footnote #aff3 ,hym4 9 ,c]]em1 #aaa-aaf4 ,footnote #afg3 ,argonaut4 lib4 ii4 #bbh-bcc4 8,sc>cely h !y left u any food t smells n m\ldy1 & ! /5* is un5durable4 ,no "o = a "t c\ld be> ! f\l food1 ?\gh 8 /oma* 7 beat5 ( adamant4 ,b bitt] necessity compels me to be?9k me ( ! meal1 &1 s rememb]+1 put x into my wret*$ belly40 ,footnote #afh3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #eb4 ,footnote #afi3 ,ri*>dson de la ,pe9ture1 vol4 i4 p4 #gd4 ,footnote #agj3 ,ges*i*te d] ,kun/1 p4 #cdg4 ,footnote #aga3 ,n ,apollodorus1 b ,polydorus4 ,pl9y is ! only "o :o m5tions ^! arti/s1 & ,i am n aw>e t ! manuscripts diff] 9 ! writ+ ( ! "n4 ,_h su* be5 ! case1 ,h>d\9 w\ld c]ta9ly h notic$ x4 ,all ! old] editions also read ,polydorus4 ,w9kelmann mu/ !re=e h m]ely made a slight error 9 transcrib+4 ,footnote #agb3 444 4 ,phoc4 cap4 ix4 p4 #hai 7edit4 ,kuhn74 ,footnote #agc3 ,pl9ius1 lib4 xxxiv4 sect4 #ai4 ,footnote #agd3 ,lib4 xxxvi4 sect4 #d4 8,nor are !re _m ( great repute ! numb] ( arti/s engag$ on celebrat$ works prev5t+ ! di/9ction ( individuals2 s9ce no "o c\ld h all ! cr$it1 nor c\ld ! names ( _m be rehe>s$ at once3 z 9 ! ,laocoon1 :i* is 9 ! palace ( ! emp]or ,titus1 a "w surpass+ all ! results ( pa9t+ or /atu>y4 ,f "o /one he & 8 sons & ! wondr\s coils ( ! s]p5ts 7 sculptur$ by consummate arti/s1 work+ 9 conc]t3 ,ages&]1 ,polydorus1 & ,a!nodorus1 all ( ,rhodes4 ,9 l mann] ,crat]us ) ,py?odorus1 ,polydectes ) ,h]molaus1 ano!r ,py?odorus ) ,artemon1 & ,aphrodisius ( ,tralles by himself1 fill$ ! palaces ( ! ,cs>s on ! ,palat9e ) admirable /atu>y4 ,diog5es1 ! ,a!nian1 decorat$ ! ,pan!on ( ,agrippa1 & ! ,c>yatides on ! columns ( t temple rank among ! *oice/ works1 z d also ! /atues on ! p$im5t1 ?\gh ^!1 f ! height ( _! position1 are less celebrat$40 ,footnote #age3 ,botic4 cap4 xxxiv4 p4 #ggh 7edit4 ,kuhn74 ,footnote #agf3 ,pl9ius1 lib4 xxxvi4 sect4 #d1 p4 #gcj4 ,footnote #agg3 ,ges*i*te d] ,kun/1 "p ii4 p4 #cca4 ,footnote #agh3 ,pl9ius1 xxxvi4 sect4 #d4444 8:i* w\ld make ! glory ( any o!r place4 ,b at ,rome ! greatness ( o!r works ov]%ad[s x1 & ! great press ( bus9ess & engagem5ts turns ! cr[d f ! contemplation ( su* ?+s2 = ! admiration ( works ( art belongs to ^? :o h leisure & great quiet40 ,footnote #agi3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ec4 ,footnote #ahj3 ,pl9ius1 xxxvi4 sect4 #d4 ,footnote #aha3 ,ges*i*te d] ,kun/1 "p ii4 p4 #cdg4 ,footnote #ahb3 ,lib4 xxxvi4 sect4 #d4 ,footnote #ahc3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ed4 ,footnote #ahd3 ,prefatio ,edit4 ,sillig4 8,le/ ,i %\ld seem to f9d too mu* fault ) ! ,greeks1 ,i w\ld be class$ ) ^? f\nd]s ( ! art ( pa9t+ & sculpture1 record$ 9 ^! little volumes1 ^: works1 al?\gh complete & su* z _c be suffici5tly admir$1 yet be> a susp5d$ title1 z ,apelles or ,polycletus #80 mak+'2 z if ! "w 7 always only begun & /ill incomplete1 s t ! arti/ might appeal f criticism z if himself desir\s ( improv+1 _h he n be5 int]rupt$4 ,:]e=e f mode/y !y inscrib$ e "w z if x _h be5 _! la/1 & 9 h& at _! dea?4 ,i ?9k !re are b ?ree ) ! inscription1 #8,he made x1' & ^! ,i %all speak ( 9 _! place4 ,f ?is x appe>$ t ! arti/s felt fully satisfi$ ) _! "w1 & ^! excit$ ! envy ( all40 ,footnote #ahe3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ee4 ,footnote #ahf3 ,ges*i*te d] ,kun/1 "p i4 p4 #cid4 ,footnote #ahg3 ,cap4 i4 8,he 0 also reckon$ among _! greate/ lead]s1 & did _m ?+s wor?y ( be+ rememb]$4 ,among 8 mo/ brilliant a*ievem5ts 0 8 device 9 ! battle :i* took place ne> ,!bes1 :5 he _h come to ! aid ( ! ,botians4 ,= :5 ! great lead] ,agesilaus 0 n[ confid5t ( victory1 & 8 own hir$ troops _h fl$1 he w\ld n surr5d] ! rema9d] ( ! phalanx1 b ) knee brac$ aga9/ 8 %ield & lance ?ru/ =w>d1 he taught 8 m5 to receive ! attack ( ! enemy4 ,at sight ( ?is new spectacle1 ,agesilaus fe>$ to advance1 & ord]$ ! trumpet to recall 8 m5 :o 7 already advanc+4 ,?is became fam\s ?r\gh all ,greece1 & ,*abrias wi%$ t a /atue %\ld be erect$ to him 9 ?is position1 :i* 0 set up at ! public co/ 9 ! =um at ,a!ns4 ,:5ce x happ5$ t aft]w>ds a?letes & o!r arti/s or p]sons v]s$ 9 "s art _h /atues erect$ to !m 9 ! same position 9 :i* !y _h obta9$ victory40 ,footnote #ahh3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #ef4 ,footnote #ahi3 1 1 ' 7edit4 ,t4 ,fabri71 4 #cf1 #ci4 8,b s x is t rhetorical figures aim at "o ?+1 poetical figures at q ano!r2 s9ce 9 poetry emphasis is ! ma9 object1 9 rhetoric di/9ctness40 ,footnote #aij3 8,s ) ! poets1 leg5ds & exagg]ation obta9 & 9 all transc5d belief2 b 9 rhetorical figures ! be/ is always ! practicable & ! true40 ,footnote #aia3 ,de ,pictura ,vet4 lib4 i4 cap4 #d1 p4 #cc4 ,footnote #aib3 ,von d] ,na*ahmung d] grie*4 ,w]ke1 c41 #bc4 ,footnote #aic3 1 4 8,next to ?is is a ?ird =m ( fault9ess 9 pa?os1 :i* ,!odorus calls p>5?yrsus2 x is a pa?os unseasonable & empty1 :]e pa?os is n necess>y2 or immod]ate1 :]e x %\ld be mod]ate40 ,footnote #aid3 ,ges*i*te d] ,kun/1 "p i4 p4 #acf4 ,footnote #aie3 ,h]odotus de ,vita ,hom]i1 p4 #gef 7edit4 ,wessel74 ,footnote #aif3 ,iliad1 vii4 ,footnote #aig3 ,ges*i*te d] ,kun/1 "p i4 p4 #agf4 ,pl9ius1 lib4 xxxv4 sect4 #cf4 ,a!nu1 lib4 xii4 p4 #edc4 ,footnote #aih3 ,ges*i*te d] ,kun/1 "p ii4 p4 #cec4 ,pl9ius1 lib4 xxxvi4 sect4 #d4 ,footnote #aii3 ,see ,app5dix1 note #eg4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,messrs4 ,rob]ts ,bro!rs' ,publications4 ,,goe!',s ,,h]mann ,,& ,,doro!a ,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,g]man ,,by ,,ell5 ,,fro?+ham4 ,,) ,,illu/rations4 ,?9 #hvo1 clo?1 gilt1 bevell$ bo>ds4 ,price #b4jj4 ,a *eap] edition1 #afmo1 clo?4 ,price #a4jj4 8,miss ,fro?+ham's translation is some?+ to be glad (3 x l5ds itself k9dly to p]usal1 & x pres5ts ,goe!'s *>m+ poem 9 ! metre ( ! orig9al4444 ,x is n a poem :i* c\ld be pr(itably us$ 9 an argum5t = ! enl>gem5t ( ! sph]e ( woman3 x tea*es h] subjection1 inde$1 f ! lips ( a beautiful girl1 :i* are always s fatally conv9c+2 b x has its *>m1 nev]!less1 & w s]ve at lea/ = an agreeable picture ( an age :5 ! ideal woman 0 a creature ar\nd :i* grew ! beauty & com=t & security ( home40--,atlantic ,mon?ly4 8,! poem itself is bewit*+4 ,( ! same metre z ,longfell['s #8,evangel9e1' its sweet & measur$ cad5ces c>ry ! read] onw>d ) a real pleasure z he becomes m & m absorb$ 9 ?is descriptive woo+ song4 ,x is a sweet volume to read al\d 9 a select circle ( intellig5t fri5ds40--,provid5ce ,press4 8,miss ,fro?+ham has done a good s]vice1 & done x well1 9 translat+ ?is fam\s idyl1 :i* has be5 ju/ly call$ #8"o ( ! mo/ faultless poems ( mod]n times4' ,no?+ c surpass ! simplicity1 t5d]ness1 & grace ( ! orig9al1 & ^! h be5 well pres]v$ 9 ,miss ,fro?+ham's v]sion4 ,h] success is wor?y ( ! highe/ praise1 & ! m]e ,engli% read] c sc>cely fail to read ! poem ) ! same delight ) :i* x has always be5 read by ^? famili> ) ! ,g]man4 ,its *>m+ pictures ( dome/ic life1 ! /r5g? & delicacy ( its *>act]ization1 ! purity ( tone & ard5t love ( c\ntry :i* brea! ?r\gh x1 mu/ always make x "o ( ! mo/ admir$ ( ,goe!'s works40--,bo/on ,*ri/ian ,regi/]4 ,sold ev]y:]e4 ,mail$1 po/paid1 by ! ,publi%]s1 ,,rob]ts ,,bro!rs1 ,,bo/on4 ,,sanskrit ,,& ,,its ,,k9dr$ ,,lit]atures4 ,,/udies ,,9 ,,comp>ative ,,my?ology4 ,by ,,laura ,,elizabe? ,,poor4 #afmo4 ,clo?4 #djj pages ,price1 #b4jj4 ,! book goes ov] gr\nd :i* has be5 made new by ! mod]n discov]ies 9 philology & my?ology4 ,x describes & comp>es ! lit]atures ( ! diff]5t ,aryan families1 & br+s =w>d ! comp>ative my?ology1 z x manife/s itself 9 ea* diff]5t c\ntry1 fill+ a place :i* is almo/ empty 9 t dep>tm5t1 & giv+ 9 a brief space in=mation :i* is scatt]$ ?r\gh hundr$s ( diff]5t volumes4 ,9 fact1 !re is no "o book :i* conta9s j :at ?is does1--a sket* ( comp>ative my?ology1 ) hi/ory en\gh to make x cle> & connect$4 ,x creates & fills a place ( its own4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,h$ge1 ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,cambridge1 says ( x3-- 8,! unpret5d+ volume ) ! above title is j :at 0 ne$$ to popul>ize ! results ( ! rese>*es ( su* s*ol>s z ,wilson1 ,spiegel1 ,grimm1 ,moni] ,williams1 ,mll]1 ,:itney1 & o!rs1 & to place !m )9 easy rea* ( read]s :o may n h access to ^? writ]s4 ,! au?or's task seems to h be5 well execut$2 %e has produc$ an ent]ta9+ & in/ructive "w1 full ( int]e/+ matt]1 illu/rat$ by *oice extracts1 & writt5 9 an easy & animat$ /yle4 ,su* books1 ( c\rse1 are n consult$ z f9al au?orities1 b ?is is well wor? read+ by all :o desire an initial acqua9tance ) ! subjects discuss$40 8,"o ( ! *ief m]its ( ! volume is ! cle>ness ) :i* ! au?or expresses h] ?\ghts1 & ! skill ) :i* %e dis5tangles ! subtleties ( metaphysical & religi\s doctr9es1 mak+ !m pla9 to ! mo/ casual read]40--,bo/on ,c\ri]4 8,! book1 ( c\rse1 is an elem5t>y "o1 b x mu/ be valuable to ! "y /ud5t :o desires to get a complete view ( lit]ature & ( ! reciprocal relations ( its v>i\s divisions4 ,x c h>dly fail to int]e/ ! read] 9 ! new sci5ce ( :i* x gives results1 & lead him to m exhau/ive /udies = himself4 ,if su* a "w c\ld be made a s*ool text-book x w\ld give pupils a long />t 9 _! pursuit ( a correct & sy/ematic k ( language & lit]ature40--,buffalo ,c\ri]4 8,let no intellig5t read] be det]r$ f its dilig5t p]usal by ! le>n$ "n :i* introduces ! int]e/+ book n[ (f]$ to ! public to illu/rate /udies 9 comp>ative my?ology4 ,! ^w ,sanskrit has an ab/ruse s\nd to un5light5$ e>s1 b !re is no?+ ab/ruse 9 ! subject z "h pres5t$1 & no?+ difficult to be und]/ood by p]sons ( ord9>y culture4444 ,! writ]'s treatm5t ( ! subject is mu* to be comm5d$4 ,x is bright1 fre%1 e>ne/1 & /rong4 ,%e ar\ses ! read]'s att5tion f ! beg9n+1 *>ms 8 imag9ation by *oice extracts f ! lit]>y treasures ( pa/ ages1 pleases 8 ta/e by draw+ p>allelisms betwe5 ! my?s ( ! pa/ & ! fables ( ! pres5t1 conv9ces him t "o lit]ature unites diff]5t nations & diff]5t c5turies1 & t ea* nation is a l9k 9 ! great *a9 ( developm5t ( ! human m9d4 ,we e>ne/ly comm5d ?is "w to all :o w\ld und]/& ! unity & cont9uity ( lit]ature4 ,x is full ( g5]al in=mation & in/ruction1 ! /yle is e>ne/ & easy1 ! en?usiasm sympa!tic1 & ! pres5tation specially ?\ght-/irr+ & satisfactory40--,provid5ce ,j\rnal4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ palpable typographical errors2 reta9$ non-/&>d spell+s & dialect4 #b4 ,re9dex$ footnotes us+ numb]s & collect$ toge!r at ! end ( ! la/ *apt]4 #c4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4 #d4 ,enclos$ blacklett] font 9 equals4