,,bir? ,,control ,,& ,,! ,,/ate ,,bir? ,,control ,,& ,,! ,,/ate ,a ,,plea ,,& ,a ,,=eca/ ,,by ,c4 ,p4 ,,black] ,m4,c41 ,m4,a41 ,m4,r4,c4,s41 ,l4,r4,c4,p4 ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,e4 ,p4 ,,dutton ,,company #fha ,,fif? ,,av5ue ,copyright1 #aibf ,by ,e4 ,p4 ,,dutton ,,company ,all ,rights ,res]v$ ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,=eword ,! pione] battles on behalf ( ,bir? ,control1 z ev]ybody kn[s1 h be5 f\ght 9 ?is c\ntry by ,dr ,m>ie ,/opes1 :o has l>gely borne ! brunt ( t abuse :i* is met$ out to all popul> expon5ts ( ideas t d n h>monize ) traditional morality4 ,! fact t ,dr ,/opes has be5 criticiz$1 & at times attack$ by ! m$ical pr(ession 7:i* until rec5tly refus$ to ackn[l$ge t ! subject ( ,contraception fell )9 its sph]e7 on ! gr\nds t %e does n possess a m$ical degree1 & ! fact t %e has retaliat$ ) vig\r& cont9ues to d s 9 mo/ ( h] public utt]ances1 h l$ to a brea* betwe5 h] & ! m or?odox elem5ts ( ! pr(ession1 :i* to a c]ta9 ext5t1 has imp$$ ! realization ( h] ultimate aim1 namely ! und]tak+ by ! ,/ate ( ! "w %e p]=ms on a small scale 9 h] privately-run cl9ique4 ,9 :at foll[s ,i h drawn att5tion to drawbacks att5d+ ! dissem9ation ( k ( ,contraception by ,g5]al ,propag&a4 ,i h done s1 h[ev]1 fully realiz+ t ?is propag&a 01 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 necess>y to ov]ride ! b>ri] ( prejudice pres5t$ by or?odox morality1 & equally realiz+ t if x _h n be5 = ,dr ,/opes & h] propag&a ?is book w\ld probably nev] h be5 writt54 ,9 its ess5tial plea t advice on ,contraception1 n[ obta9able only at private in/itutions1 be made g5]ally available by ! ,m9i/ry ( ,heal? at ! c5tres "u its control1 ?is book is at "o ) ! wid] aim express$ by ,dr ,/opes 9 ! words t commemorate ! f\nd+ ( h] fir/ private cl9ique4 ,i "k t 9 ! pa/ x has prov$ ne>ly impossible 9 a s+le book to appeal effectively bo? to ! g5]al public1 & to ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,yet ,i h attempt$ to d t "h4 ,! task has be5 made p]haps less difficult ?an usual by ! fact t until rec5tly ! subject ( contraception has be5 completely ignor$ by ! m$ical pr(ession1 :i* z a :ole seems to rema9 z un9=m$ ( its wid] implication z does ! g5]al public4 ,x w be f\nd t ! book ends ) a practical sugge/ion tak+ ! =m ( an appeal to ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,! sub/ance ( ! fir/ "p ( :at foll[s orig9ally appe>$ z a s]ies ( articles 9 ,! ,saturday ,review1 to :i* ,i am indebt$ = p]mission to publi% ! book 9 its pres5t =m4 ,c4 ,p4 ,b4 ,,bir? ,,control ,,& ,,! ,,/ate ,a ,,plea ,,& ,a ,,=eca/ ,s9ce ! ,w>1 ! subject ( ,bir? ,control has be5 widely discuss$1 & mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t x4 ,by "s ( its advocates x has be5 extoll$ to ! po9t :]e any criticism1 h[ev] t5tative1 is res5tfully repudiat$4 ,by its enemies x has be5 repres5t$ z a p]nici\s & unnatural practice lead+ to ! deg5]acy &1 ultimately1 to ! ext9ction ( ! race4 ,s :olehe>t$ly felt1 & yet s pr(\ndly oppos$ are ^! views1 t x has be5 difficult = ! av]age p]son to f9d 8 be>+s on any o!r basis ?an t ( 8 own s5tim5t4 ,x is cle> t ! implications ( ,bir? ,control1 or1 r1 :at is g5]ally1 ?\gh n logically und]/ood by ! t]m1 ( ! practice ( contraception1 are f> rea*+4 ,x pr(\ndly affects ! life ( ! individual2 x reacts ^u ! int]nal economy ( ! community2 & x has a mo/ important be>+ ^u ! int]national future ( ! c\ntry :]e9 x is practis$4 ,x is !re=e incumb5t ^u all s]i\s /ud5ts ( contempor>y _w-problems to realize cle>ly :at is to be said on bo? sides1 & to =m !reon1 z f> z lies 9 _! p[]1 an unbiass$ op9ion4 ,?is obligation weighs especially heavily on m$ical m5 s9ce1 if ! practice is to be tol]at$ at all1 x is by !m t x %\ld be adm9i/]$ & controll$4 ,x is a g5]al survey ( ?is sort t is attempt$ "h4 ,! book w beg9 ) a consid]ation ( ! m important argum5ts t h be5 advanc$ on ea* side4 ,^! w !n be discuss$1 & !re w foll[ a conclusion z to ! be>+ ( ! practice ^u ! future ( civilization4 ,x w be conv5i5t fir/ to review ! m s]i\s argum5ts us$ aga9/ ,bir? ,control1 ! problem be+ consid]$ ?r\gh\t bo? z a _w-problem & z "o ) a special significance = ?is c\ntry4 ,!y fall into two di/9ct categories conc]n+ 7,a7 ! ,race & 7,b7 ! ,individual4 ,a4 #a4 ,! #8milit>y' argum5t f9ds expon5ts among ,nationali/s1 :o are conv9c$ t ! ess5tial m]it ( a c\ntry lies 9 its p[]s ( (f5ce & def5ce1 or :o are p]suad$ t future w>s are1 by ! con/itution ( human nature1 inevitable1 & t x is !re=e necess>y = ! c\ntry to :i* !y belong to be fully equipp$4 ,by su* p]sons1 ,bir? ,control is oppos$ 9 s f> z x w\ld impair _! c\ntry's man p[]4 #b4 ,an argum5t alli$ to ! above1 yet "o :i* mu/ be di/+ui%$ c>efully f x1 des]ves close scrut9y4 ,x is to ! effect t q ap>t f milit>y consid]ations ! practice ( ,bir? ,control 9 a c\ntry is capable ( acquir+ 9 a %ort "t su* univ]sality t ! population may decrease1 & ev5tually dw9dle to proportions :i* w\ld place t c\ntry1 :atev] its /atus1 9 a position ( a second or ?ird-rate p[]4 ,f hi/ory ! approximate g5]alization c be made t prolific races get ! bett] ( inf]tile races 9 ! /ruggle1 fir/ = exi/5ce1 & !n at a lat] /age1 = p[]4 ,?is g5]alization is likely to hold good 9 an economic sph]e4 ,?us a graphic picture has be5 drawn ( :at w happ5 to ,engl&1 9 ! matt] ( its population1 if x foll[s 9 ! wake ( ,france4 ,x w come to assume ! proportions ( an insignificant little isl& 9 ! ,nor? ,sea1 ! possessor1 actually1 ( a mighty pa/1 b 9 ! pres5t c\nt+ = no?+ beside ! d5sely peopl$ t]ritories ( ,s\!rn & ,ea/]n ,europe1 ,asia & ,am]ica4 ,bir? ,control uncontroll$ means race suicide4 #c4 ,!re is an #8economic' argum5t aga9/ ,bir? ,control1 :i* itself takes two =ms4 ,9 ! fir/ place x is felt1 9 "u-populat$ c\ntries l ,new ,zeal&1 ,au/ralia1 & p]haps to a less ext5t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t s9ce x is desirable 9 ! g5]al int]e/s t ! population %\ld increase1 x is to be pref]r$ t ?is increase be effect$ f native-born /ock r ?an ?r\gh ! process ( accretion by (t5 undesirable ali5s4 ,h5ce 9 mo/ "u-populat$ c\ntries1 ,bir? ,control is oppos$4 ,9 ! second place x is probably felt 7?\gh probably n admitt$7 by ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ^? capitali/ic c\ntries confront$ ) a lab\r problem1 :i* are at ! same "t desir\s ( limit+ immigration1 t ! unre/rict$ multiplication ( _! work+ classes1 by caus+ a competition = wages1 w create a *eap lab\r m>ket4 ,x is highly unlikely t ?is view has mu* weight "h1 ?\gh x may easily be o!rwise 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e ! lab\r problem is acute & :]e x is univ]sally desir$ to limit col\r$ immigration & immigration f ,s\?-,ea/]n ,europe4 #d4 ,!re is an argum5t aga9/ ,bir? ,control1 :i* has special ref]5ce to ! position ( ?is c\ntry z ! orig9al f\nd] ( a great ,empire4 ,s9ce mo/ ( ! ,dom9ions are /ill "u-populat$ & wi% _! numb]s to increase1 & s9ce ! increase ( native /ock1 ev5 ?\gh fully enc\rag$1 is unable to supply ! dem& = lab\r1 x is cont5d$ t ,great ,brita9 %\ld always be able to turn out a num]ical surplus to s5d to ! ,dom9ions ea* ye>1 :i* 9 addition to satisfy+ a ne$ = bett]-class immigrants w\ld s]ve to consolidate ! racial & cultural bonds t keep ! ,empire toge!r4 ,b4 ,! above argum5ts conc]n ! race4 ,! rema9d] :i* foll[ ref] prim>ily to ! individual4 #e4 ,a #8m$ical' argum5t has be5 he>d to ! effect t ! actual practice ( ,bir? ,control or1 m precisely1 ! use ( contraceptives1 is inimical to heal?1 be+ capable ( caus+ bo? local disease & m g5]al con/itutional disord]s4 ,emotional in/ability & v>i\s neuroses h be5 quot$ z su* products4 ,no woman mak+ use ( a contraceptive = ! fir/ "t c escape a feel+ ( revulsion at su* a call\s int]f]5ce ) a process t above all o!rs %\ld be spontane\s & in/9ctive4 ,no woman c !n fail to exp]i5ce a s5se ( av]sion f su* a delib]ate ?w>t+ ( ,nature's mo/ fundam5tal purpose4 #f4 ,v pot5t also1 is a #8conv5tional' objection :i* 9 practice is (t5 associat$ ) ! religi\s argum5t next to be consid]$1 ?\gh 9 reality x is di/+ui%able f x4 ,on ^! gr\nds x is felt t all t p]ta9s to ! prov9ce ( sex is indec5t1 disgu/+1 & unfit = discussion4 ,! topic ( ,bir? ,control is ?us /igmatiz$ z #8immoral' by _m p ( no deep religi\s conviction4 #g4 ,! #8religi\s' objection n[adays f9ds its *ief expon5ts among ! ,japanese & ,roman ,ca?olics1 ?\gh x is also /rongly upheld by _m ,anglicans & o!rs4 ,by ! ,japanese1 ,bir? ,control is condemn$ on gr\nds t seem to be1 p>tly at any rate1 nationali/ic4 ,! ,japanese religion1 intimately connect$ z x is ) ,ance/or ,cult1 holds t x is ! duty ( e man to m>ry "y1 & to produce ! l>ge/ possible numb] ( *ildr51 especially males1 :o may c>ry on ! tradition ( ! family & at ! same "t gr[ up into soldi]s capable ( fight+ = ! ,mikado 9 w>4 ,by ! ,japanese1 ! ,mikado is believ$ to be a ,deity inc>nate1 n 9 ! symbolical s5se 9 :i* "s p h ?\ght ( ! div9e "r ( k+s1 b 9 a real & vital s5se1 z #8! occupant ( a sacr$ ?rone :i* 0 e/abli%$ at ! "t :5 ! heav5s & ! e>? became sep>at$4' ,to die = him 9 w> is ! mo/ supreme1 ! mo/ glori\s duty4 ,! objection to ,bir? ,control "h w\ld ?us seem closely alli$ to ! #8milit>y' objection fir/ advanc$4 ,by ,roman ,ca?olics x is held to be a mortal s9 to employ any *emical or me*anical means to prev5t conception1 ! only p]missible =m ( control be+ volunt>y ab/95ce f ea* o!r on ! "p ( bo? p>5ts4 ,! ab/95ce ( "o p>5t aga9/ ! w ( ! o!r is also consid]$ a mortal s9 on ! "p ( ! refractory p>5t4 ,an exception to ?is rule is n[ made :i* p]mits p>5ts n desir+ *ildr5 to make use ( a mom5t 9 ! p]iodic life ( ! "m dur+ :i* conception is less likely to take place ?an at o!r times! s-call$ #8safe' p]iod4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally agre$ n[adays t ! #8safety' p]ta9+ to ?is p]iod is 9 _m cases q illusory & devoid ( s]i\s physiological or m$ical basis4 ,oppon5ts ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* h repres5t$ its insi/5ce on ?is prohibition z dictat$ by a desire to ext5d h] spiritual empire ?r\gh\t ! _w1 s9ce ob$i5ce to x mu/ br+ ab\t a great] relative increase ( believ+ ,roman ,ca?olics ?an ( adh]5ts to o!r religi\s d5om9ations tol]at+ ,bir? ,control4 ,b its attitude w\ld fur!r appe> to express a conviction 7manife/$ else:]e 9 ! insi/5ce ^u celibacy among ,ca?olic prie/s & 9 its sy/ems ( p5ances & ab/95ces7 t sexual indulg5ce is someh[ incompatible ) devotion to a purely spiritual life1 & :5 excessive produces a demoraliz+ effect ^u human nature1 t5d+ to make x weak1 lazy1 selfi% & (t5 vici\s4 ,probably ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* feels t ! use ( devices to prev5t conception w\ld aboli% ! necessity = salut>y self-re/ra9t1 & w\ld promote promiscu\s & excessive indulg5ce4 ,! effect ( ?is prohibition is t mo/ ,ca?olics :o are consci5ti\s ab\t n us+ contraceptives h l>ge families4 ,!re are "s1 h[ev]1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,france1 :o d n take ! prohibition v s]i\sly4 ,at ! bottom1 h[ev]1 ( ! religi\s objection1 w\ld appe> to lie ! conviction t excessive sexual indulg5ce1 dissociat$ f ! sequel ( procreation & r5d]$ possible by ! use ( contraceptives1 is morally h>mful to ! individual4 #h4 ,an objection ( a pseudo-political nature is sometimes he>d :i* envisages a bureaucratic ext5sion ( ,bir? ,control4 ,! phrase is "h und]/ood to imply a #8,national ,control ( ,bir?s' & n a #8,volunt>y ,regulation ( ,bir?s'1 its m usual acceptance4 ,su* a bureaucratic int]f]5ce 9 p's private lives is held to con/itute an infr+em5t ( ! lib]ty ( ! individual9 ?is case 8 lib]ty to h z _m *ildr5 z he likes1 :5 he likes4 ,! pr9ciple ( individual lib]ty1 ! corn]-/one ( n9ete5? c5tury ,lib]alism1 /ill has a c]ta9 numb] ( adh]5ts4 #i4 ,! la/ out/&+ argum5t is to ! effect t ! popul>ization ( ,bir? ,control w lead to a g5]al increase 9 promiscuity1 bo? among m>ri$ & unm>ri$ p4 ,! temptation to illicit indulg5ce w\ld be made great]1 ! process ( s$uc+ an innoc5t girl w\ld be made easi]1 ! ev]-pres5t lure ( pro/itution to ! und]paid girl work] w\ld be made m difficult to resi/1 if an assurance c\ld be felt t ! subsequ5t bir? ( a *ildhi!rto a g5]ally preval5t & effective det]r5tc\ld be prev5t$ by ! ex]cise ( a popul>ly kn[n te*nique4 ,! re/ra9t impos$ by fe> may n be "o ( a high moral ord]1 yet ! end :i* x s]ves is "h1 by common cons5t1 socially desirable4 ,9 face ( ! abs5ce ( any au?oritative s\rce ( in=mation on ,bir? ,control1 & ( ! indiff]5ce ( ! m$ical pr(ession ) reg>d to x1 c]ta9 popul> works on ! subject h acquir$ an imm5se vogue & h enjoy$ an enorm\s sale4 ,?\gh n int5d$ = ?is purpose1 !y are pur*as$ & read ext5sively by "y p]sons 9 mu* ! same _s t improp] lit]ature 9 g5]al is read4 ,fur!r1 ! sale to adults ( ^! works conta9+ z !y d a magnification & eulogy ( ! sexual act p] se 7to be conceiv$1 expressly1 ap>t f its normal biological sequel ( *ild-bir? z a salut>y & heal?-giv+ process71 & conta9+ also m9ute in/ructions z to ! te*nical use ( contraceptives1 has n be5 conf9$ to m>ri$ p]sons4 ,su* works h be5 held to inflame & p]v]t ! imag9ation ( ! "y1 & on pseudo-m$ical gr\nds1 to incite adults to promiscuity4 ,x is to be not$1 h[ev]1 t ! above is an argum5t direct$ n s mu* aga9/ ,bir? ,control itself z aga9/ ! me?od by :i* k ( x is communicat$ to ! public4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! appe> to be ! mo/ important argum5ts curr5tly advanc$ aga9/ ,bir? ,control4 ,x w be not$ t sev]al h be5 omitt$ f consid]ation4 ,! "o bas$ ^u biblical condemnation is too futile to m]it re/atem5t4 ,! argum5t t contraception is #8unnatural' is equally undes]v+ ( repetition4 ,! cont5tion t x is anti-biological w be discuss$ lat]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,argum5ts on ! o!r side w n[ be consid]$4 ,!y divide !mselves into ?ree gr\ps1 :i* may arbitr>ily be designat$ z ,int]national1 ,social1 & ,individual argum5ts4 7a7 ,int]national4,! connexion betwe5 ov]-population & w> is n[adays fairly obvi\s & is p>ticul>ly manife/ 9 ^? c\ntries :i* are bo? indu/rially organiz$ & consci\sly nationali/ 9 _s4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ^! two conditions ov]-multiplication ne$ n be foll[$ by w>4 ,india & ,*9a1 = in/ance1 are v d5sely populat$ c\ntries :]e ov]-multiplication frequ5tly takes place4 ,?is process does n1 h[ev]1 give rise to mu* dang] ( int]national di/urbance1 9 t bo? c\ntries are1 f ! nature ( _! organization1 incapable ( conduct+ w> on mod]n l9es1 & nei!r has a g5]ally-felt1 or a unify+ national consci\sness4 ,excessive increase is "h frequ5tly *eck$ by fam9es1 :i*1 ?\gh caus+ incalculable suff]+1 d n readily g5]ate w>s4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s two c\ntries h demon/rat$ ! relation betwe5 ov]-population & w>1 or ! ?reat ( w>1 namely ,g]many & ,japan4 ,9 ,g]many be=e ! w>1 :]e ! #8milit>y' objection to ,bir? ,control1 fir/ advanc$1 0 preval5t1 !re exi/$ an e?ical code by :i* ,g]man mo!rs 7 p]suad$ t !y 7 fulfill+ ! highe/ spiritual purpose ( :i* _! sex 0 capable by produc+ male *ildr5 de/9$ to be soldi]s1 prep>$ to fight = _! c\ntry 9 a victori\s w>4 ,x is n[ g5]ally recogniz$ "h t x 0 ?is attitude ( m9d1 involv+ an expectation & a glorification ( w>1 associat$ ) ! di/9ctively ,g]man p[]s ( effici5t organization c5tr$ 9 implicit ob$i5ce to ! ,kais]1 :i* s]v$ to produce t exultant pride ( p[] & aggressive national consci\sness :i* precipitat$1 if x did n actually cause1 ! late w>4 ,! increase 9 ! population ( ,g]many 0 advocat$ & extoll$ )\t reg>d to t c\ntry's capacity to support h] swell+ populations4 ,to-day1 ?\gh ,bir? ,control is l>gely practis$ by ! upp] & middle classes 9 ,g]many z x is 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! old ideal /ill l+]s on1 & to x is attributable t fe> ( ,g]many :i*1 until rec5tly1 has s conspicu\sly direct$ ,fr5* policy s9ce ! ,armi/ice4 ,9 ,japan ! connexion betwe5 num]ical increase & a possible w> is n[ com+ to be recogniz$ "h4 ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates are already def9itely consci\s ( x4 ,! ,japanese religion1 bas$ ^u piety t[>ds ance/ors 7to :om e man is b\nd to p]petuate 8 family71 & ^u loyalty to ! ,mikado :o1 z ,emp]or ,god1 is held to be div9e1 imposes ^u all fai?ful subjects ! duty ( m>ry+ "y & ( produc+ _m *ildr54 ,?is injunction is aga9 promulgat$ irrespective ( ! native res\rces ( ,japan1 & 9 ! pa/ has necessitat$ a consid]able annual emigration to o!r c\ntries4 ,! rec5t re/rictions impos$ by ,am]ica ^u ,japanese immigration1 !mselves prompt$ by motives common to mo/ ,engli%-speak+ races1 h l$ directly & inevitably to ! exi/+ t5sion betwe5 ,am]ica & ,japan4 ,z ?+s /& at pres5t1 x appe>s t ?is t5sion is likely to increase & may easily ev5tuate 9 a w>1 9 :i* !re w\ld be a great] probability ( our be+ involv$ ?an !re 01 initially1 ( ,am]ica be+ involv$ 9 ! late w>4 ,bo? ! ,am]icans & ,japanese are s5sitive & pr\d p4 ,aft] fur!r t5sion has accumulat$1 a trivial incid5t! possible murd] ( an ,am]ican (ficial 9 ,japan by "s irresponsible p]sonmight lead to ! despat* ( a curtly-word$ note or to ! =mulation ( an abrupt ultimatum out ( :i* a second _w w> might1 l ! la/1 sudd5ly fl>e up1 to r$uce mod]n civilization to ru9s & a%es4 ,/ress is laid on ?is p>ticul> aspect ( ! population problem p>tly because x is felt t few nations n[ hold ! desirable ideal ( adapt+ _! numb]s to _! p>ticul> economic optimum1 & p>tly because x w\ld seem t 9 face ( ?is nationally enc\rag$ increase ( population & ( c]ta9 app>5tly unalt]able race antipa?ies1 no am\nt ( int]national pacifism1 or ( condemnation ( viol5ce1 or ( g5u9e humanit>ian goodwill c prev5t w>4 ,g]many & ,japan display ! connexion betwe5 num]ical increase & w>s mo/ cle>ly to-day4 ,x is possible t 9 ! future o!r nations may become conspicu\s 9 ?is respect4 ,?us ,am]ica1 :]e ! tea*+ ( contraception is illegal 79 s f> z any?+ is71 may1 9 ano!r #ej or #ajj ye>s1 develop an aggressive =eign policy4 ,& n[ t re/rictions h be5 impos$ on ! entry ( ,italians into ,am]ica1 x is conceivable t ,italy may at "s "t discov] an ,imp]iali/ mission on ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 7b7 ,social4,?is aspect ( ,bir? ,control has be5 mu* discuss$ & is conc]n$ ) ! dim5sions & quality ( ! population ( ^! isl&s4 ,! argum5t1 9 ! =m 9 :i* x is usually advanc$1 di/+ui%es a quantitative & a qualitative po9t ( view1 ! latt] fur!r possess+ two aspects4 ,quantitatively1 x has be5 po9t$ out t 9 ! la/ hundr$ ye>s1 ! increase 9 ! population ( ?is c\ntry has be5 excessive4 ,because ,engl& 0 ! pione] ( ! ,indu/rial ,revolution1 %e enjoy$ initially an unprec$5t$ national prosp]ity1 unh>ass$ by competitors & ) ! _w z h] m>ket4 ,?\gh ! conditions ( _m ( ! e>ly factory-work]s 7 unque/ionably appall+1 ! weal? & economic importance ( ?is c\ntry increas$ s rapidly t %e 0 enabl$ to support imm5sely great] numb]s ?an at any previ\s p]iod ( h] hi/ory4 ,?us 9 #ahba ! population ( ,engl& & ,wales 0 j ov] #ab millions2 9 #aiba x _h ris5 to ne>ly #ch millions4 ,t is to say t 9 a hundr$ ye>s our population _h m ?an trebl$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 at ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury o!r c\ntries began to ent] into competition ) u1 & to produce manufactur$ goods on a l>ge scale (t5 und]sell+ ,briti% goods1 our hi!rto un*all5g$ indu/rial supremacy gradually comm5c$ to suff] eclipse4 ,b our numb]s h n adapt$ !mselves to our dim9i%$ p[] ( employ+ lab\r ?us creat$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! population has cont9u$ /eadily to increase1 ) ! result t by sl[ degrees ! unemploym5t problem :i*1 at pres5t1 looms s l>ge on our political horizon began insidi\sly to disclose itself4 ,! pres5t =midable figure ( ne>ly a million & a qu>t] ( unemploy$1 toge!r ) a l>ge numb] ( work]s on %ort h\rs1 te/ifies to ! fact t at ! pres5t "t 9 relation to exi/+ economic conditions1 ?is c\ntry seems to be ov]-populat$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ! po9t ( view ( quality x has be5 po9t$ out t !re are two factors :i* n[ t5d to impov]i% ! race4 ,!y might be di/+ui%$ & arbitr>ily nam$ z #8,dysg5ic' & #8,economic' respectively4 ,! dysg5ic factor may be prop\nd$ z foll[s3 ,?\gh ! ,bir?-rate 9 ,engl& has fall5 f #cf p] #ajjj 9 #ahgg to #bj p] #ajjj or less to-day1 ?is decrease has n be5 accompani$ by a decrease 9 ! population1 s9ce ! ,dea?-rate has dropp$ correspond+ly4 ,?is has tak5 place by reason ( ! complete susp5sion1 if n ! actual rev]sal1 9 civiliz$ c\ntries to-day ( ! pr9ciple ( ,natural ,selection1 op]ative among/ animals & primitive peoples4 ,!re are ?ree out/&+ reasons to :i* ?is susp5sion is attributable4 ,!y are ! advances 9 sanitation & m$ical sci5ce1 ! increase 9 humanit>ianism1 & ! me?od ( obta9+ votes :i* prevails 9 democratic c\ntries4 ,! advances 9 sanitation & m$ical sci5ce made 9 ! la/ #fj ye>s h result$ 9 an enorm\s r$uction ( infant mortality 9 l>ge t[ns1 & also 9 an av]age prolongation ( life4 ,epidemics ( smallpox1 *ol]a1 typhus1 diph!ria1 sc>let fev]1 etc41 :i* took su* a heavy toll 9 ! pa/1 are n[ effectively controll$ by ! exi/+ sy/em ( isolation hospitals1 & ( effici5t public heal? sup]vision4 ,to-day x is possible = ! m$ical /ud5t to trav]se 8 six labori\s ye>s ( tra9+ )\t see+ a s+le case ( typhoid fev]a disease :i* 9 ! times ( 8 eld]s us$ to be "o ( ! commonplaces ( a hospital4 ,^! improvem5ts 9 sanitation1 ! progress made 9 aseptic surg]y1 9 prophylactic m$ic9e1 & 9 ! g5]al treatm5t ( disease1 h be5 l>gely responsible = ! l[]+ ( ! dea?-rate already m5tion$4 ,! increase ( humanit>ianism 9 civiliz$ c\ntries has result$ 9 ! creation ( an enorm\s numb] ( philan?ropic in/itutions & *>ity organizations1 ?r\gh ! *annels ( :i* mu* relief is br\ght to ! impov]i%$ classes4 ,?is _s n[ makes x difficult = ^? end[$ ) a sup]fluity1 or ev5 a suffici5cy ( weal?1 to contemplate ) indiff]5ce ! mis]y & degradation ( less =tunately plac$ fell[ human be+s4 ,& la/ly1 s9ce ! entry to p[] ( any giv5 political p>ty is condition$ by ! acquisition by t p>ty ( a suffici5t numb] ( votes1 giv5 by a ma9ly prolet>ian electorate1 x foll[s t politics are likely to be fram$ 9 su* a way z to comm5d !mselves to su* an electorate4 ,x w\ld seem unfair to omit ?is fact f consid]ation1 ?\gh x has be5 ov]-emphasiz$ by a s*ool ( political cynics :o d5y ! p>ticipation ( humanit>ian feel+s 9 politics 7outside ! realm ( spee*-mak+71 & :o attribute to political exp$i5cy an excessive if n an exclusive rle 9 improv+ ! lot ( ! v poor4 ,9 virtue1 !n1 ( ^! factors x w\ld n[adays be v difficult = any individual1 h[ev] wor?less1 actually to />ve1 & _m p ( defective /ock & bad physique :o1 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature w\ld p]i%1 are n[ artificially kept alive to p]petuate _! k9d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! #8economic' factor t5d+ to produce det]ioration 9 ! race1 presupposes ! dysg5ic4 ,among unciviliz$ peoples x is ! biologically sup]ior type :i* is mo/ prolific4 ,9 advanc$ civiliz$ c\ntries1 :i* are democratic 9 social organization1 ! rev]se obta9s4 ,?us among mo/ primitive p1 ! ,*iefi4e4 ! man ) mo/ c\rage1 initiative1 res\rcefulness & p[] ( lead]%ipenjoys ! possession ( mo/ wives1 & !re=e produces mo/ (fspr+4 ,! analogue ( ! drunk5 unemployable ( to-day w\ld probably n be p]mitt$ to m>ry4 ,9 ,engl& n[1 h[ev]1 ! drunk5 unemployable f9ds 8 ne>e/ approa* to an occupation 9 end[+ 8 ill-fat$ wife ) a /ream ( *ildr51 ! regul> succession ( :i* is only ev5tually int]rupt$ by ! breakd[n1 age1 or premature dea? ( ! wife1 or by ! dea? ( ! husb&4 ,& ! only disc\ragem5t ext5d$ to su* a man is =?com+ f ! /rictures pass$ ^u him by 8 slum neighb\rs4 ,none is =?com+ f ! ,gov]nm5t1 & none f ! hospital1 :i* gratuit\sly deliv]s ! wife ( h] *ildr54 ,9 fact1 in=mation z to h[ %e may arre/ ?is deva/at+ succession ( *ildr5 is delib]ately )held f h] by ne>ly all hospitals1 because x is felt t ! condition ( public op9ion1 ^u :i* ! hospitals l>gely dep5d = _! f9ances1 is av]se f h] be+ enlight5$ 9 ?is respect4 ,! organization = relief 9 ?is c\ntry is n[ s compreh5sive & f>-rea*+ t e necessity c be obta9$ gratis by ^? :o _c af=d to pay = x4 ,?us ! wife ( ! poor man is deliv]$ ( h] *ildr5 free ( *>ge2 ! *ildr5 are educat$ = no?+2 if employm5t is n available = !m at ! "t ( leav+ s*ool1 !y are suppli$ ) doles & relief free ( obligation4 ,& :5 !y become s5ile1 !y are giv5 old age p5sions gratuit\sly4 ,! funds necess>y = ! adm9i/ration ( ^! works are levi$ f ! middle & upp] classes1 9 rates & taxes4 ,n[ ! ,engli%man possesses a /rong s5tim5t = in/itutions4 ,a man :o has himself receiv$ a c]ta9 k9d ( education1 & :o has be5 br\ght up accord+ to a c]ta9 tradition1 likes to provide ! same education & ! same tradition = 8 *ildr54 ,& if 9 ! face ( ! increase 9 taxation1 ! rise 9 ! co/ ( liv+1 & ! exp5ses ( education1 he _c af=d ?is1 soon] ?an h *ildr5 to :om he mu/ d5y :at he consid]s a good />t 9 life1 he pref]s to limit 8 family4 ,?is obta9s ( ! man :o suff]s f a s5se ( obligation t[>ds 8 *ildr54 ,! opposite holds good ( ! unemploy$ man at ! o!r end ( ! social scale4 ,he feels t he has sunk z l[ z is possible = him :ile /ill rema9+ out ( prison4 ,insidi\sly 8 ambition & 8 self-respect become sapp$ by ! s\l-kill+ exp]i5ce ( f9d+ himself a useless p>asite ^u ! community4 ,frequ5tly1 z prison reports %[1 he takes to crime or dr9k4 ,& sl[ly he is ov]come by t s5se ( irresponsibility1 ( bitt]ness1 ( c>elessness ( ! future1 ( improvid5t fatalism t takes possession ( ^? liv+ "u cont9u\sly adv]se circum/ances4 ,x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce to him h[ _m *ildr5 are born to him s9ce ) ea* "o 8 dole is increas$4 ,none ( ! re/ra9ts :i* ent] into ! long] view ( ! future held by ! middle classes is felt by him4 ,& s he goes ahead1 & has z _m *ildr5 z "t & ! heal? ( 8 wife 7( :i* la/ he does n always %[ excessive consid]ation7 w p]mit4 ,! foll[+ figures cle>ly illu/rate ?is /ate ( ?+s4 ,:]eas ! numb] ( *ildr5 produc$ annually by a ?\s& tea*]s is #ie1 by ,*ur* ( ,engl& m9i/]s is #aja1 by doctors is #ajc1 ! av]age numb] produc$ by g5]al lab\r]s is #bca4 ,& among ^! g5]al lab\r]s x is ! lea/ desirable individuals^?1 ) lea/ self-re/ra9t1 lea/ =esight & ) lea/ consid]ation = _! wives or ! future ( _! *ildr5:o h l>ge/ families4 ,& ! undesirability may be ( ano!r k9d4 ,m5tal defectives g5]ally are v prolific4 ,girls ( ?is condition1 if left unwat*$1 are con/antly becom+ pregnant1 !re be+ app>5tly no %ortage ( m5 prep>$ to take advantage sexually ( su* un=tunate victims4 ,x is to be not$ t ! economic situation foll[+ w> is especially fav\rable to ?is discrepancy ( f]tility betwe5 classes4 ,x w\ld seem t ! rec5t exp]i5ce ( ! significance ( w>1 ! exi/+ s5se ( social in/ability1 ! univ]sal preval5ce ( unre/1 hatr$ & int]national discord1 make ! m consid]ate p>5ts feel t ! _w is n a v desirable place to br+ *ildr5 into4 ,& ?is feel+ is emphasiz$ if !y h to pay 9 taxation f\r times :at !y _h to pay be=e1 aft] :i* :at money rema9s is wor? ab\t sixty-five p] c5t4 ( its previ\s value4 ,b ^! consid]ations h>dly affect ! classes ^: occupation is manual lab\r1 or :o h accu/om$ !mselves to no occupation at all4 ,?us f a social po9t ( view x is to be obs]v$ t quantitatively1 9 relation to ! pres5t res\rces ( ! c\ntry1 ,engl& is at ! pres5t day consid]ably ov]-populat$2 & qualitatively t _m p]sons ( all classes possess+ inf]ior physique are n[ artificially kept alive to p]petuate _! /ock1 :ile at ! same "t ^? elem5ts ( ! population :o1 by lack ( intellig5ce or ?rift or /ead9ess1 or :o by possession ( o!r defects h be5 r$uc$ to ! l[e/ level ( ! social /ructure1 to-day con/itute ! mo/ f]tile /ra9 9 ! c\ntry4 7c7 ,individual4,! argum5t has frequ5tly be5 he>d t x is desirable to communicate k ( ,bir? ,control to ! poor] classes 9 ! int]e/s ( ! "m & ! *ildr54 ,x is difficult to "k :at p]c5tage ( ! unwant$ *ildr5 born 9 ! poor] qu>t]s ( our l>ge t[ns are conceiv$ z ! result ( a culpable aggression on ! "p ( ! husb& ^u 8 wifez :5 he returns home drunk on ,saturday night & ?reat5s h] ) physical viol5ce if %e refuses to submit to 8 conjugal rightsor z ! result ( an ignorance ( ,bir? ,control me?ods :i* are famili> to ! m educat$ classes4 ,c]ta9 x is t a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! *ildr5 born are unwant$1 & equally c]ta9 t among ! v poor ignorance ( contraception is su* z to appe> incr$ible to ^? :o h n _h p]sonal exp]i5ce ( x4 ,?us 9 ! ,autumn ( #aibd a gr\p ( sev5 ext]ns1 work+ 9 ! di/rict cov]$ by ,guy's ,hospital1 made inquiries ( ! mo!rs ^: conf9em5ts !y att5d$ z to :e!r ! *ild j born _h be5 want$ or n4 ,! inquiries 7 made1 :5 possible1 on ! t5? day1 :5 ! pati5ts 7 la/ visit$1 9 su* a way t _! answ]s 7 m likely to be fav\rably influ5c$ by fondness = ! *ild ?an unfav\rably by recollection ( ! pa9s ( lab\r4 ,fur!rmore1 :]e any d\bt exi/$1 z = in/ance :5 a woman repli$ t %e _h n p>ticul>ly desir$ ! baby be=e x 0 born1 b w\ld n "p ) x = ! _w n[1 %e 0 giv5 ! b5efit ( ! d\bt & ! baby 0 c\nt$ z want$4 ,9 all1 inquiries 7 made 9 ! case ( sev5ty-eight *ildr5 born4 ,out ( ^!1 =ty-sev5 7 def9itely n want$1 & ?irty-"o want$2 & ! writ] c v\* = ! fact t if ^! figures err$ at all1 !y did s on ! side ( mod]ation4 ,?us1 9 at lea/ "o poor qu>t] ( ,london1 well ov] half ( ! *ildr5 born 7 emphatically n want$4 ,! h>d%ips impos$ on ! "m by su* conditions are sometimes v cruel4 ,num]\s cases h be5 quot$ by advocates ( ,bir? ,control 9 _! propag&a :i* !re is n space to reproduce "h4 ,! read] c1 h[ev]1 picture to himself ! exp]i5ce ( a woman suff]+ f ! sickness1 %ortness ( brea?1 emotional in/ability1 & de=mity ( pregnancy1 hav+ to ma9ta9 life 9 "s squalid slum1 h\se-keep+1 cook+1 clean+ & t5d+ ! *ildr5 )\t *ange ( air or sc5e & )\t holidays1 up till ! incid5ce ( ! f9al lab\r pa9s4 ,& no soon] is a *ild born ?an ! husb& reass]ts 8 8rights10 & ! same dismal cycle repeats itself )\t prospect or hope ( *ange1 or ( relief f a body t has ceas$ to "k ! easy fre$om & self-=getfulness ( good heal?4 ,indiff]5ce to ! *ildr5 appe>s4 ,!y are look$ aft] out ( a /]n s5se ( duty4 ,! native impulse ( spontane\s mat]nal fondness is kill$ by ! deadly r\t9e1 & :51 z frequ5tly happ5s1 ! *ild dies1 aft] a few pangs ( grief1 an easy reconciliation 7p]haps n )\t a deep-seat$ s5se ( inw>d gratitude71 is made to :at is ackn[l$g$ z ! 8,w ( ! ,almighty40 ,sometimes1 ! "m makes no secret ( h] relief4 ,b no man :o has come = any l5g? ( "t 9 contact ) ^! work+-class mo!rs c fail to admire ! pati5ce1 ! /oicism & ! grim =titude ) :i* !y face _! dre>y lot4 ,_! ignorance ( ,bir? ,control1 9 face ( ! publicity ! subject is n[ giv5 9 ! ,press1 is almo/ incr$ible4 ,! same quality ( fatalism & resignation felt by ! soldi] 9 ! w> be=e ! prospect ( w\nds or dea?1 is /ill ev9c$ by ^! wom5 9 ! matt] ( *ild-bir?4 ,"o frequ5tly meets ) a s5tim5t t 8we mu/ take :at comes )\t grumbl+10 t 8:at is fat$ mu/ be10 & ev5 t 8we mu/ n fly 9 ! face ( ! ,almighty40 ,!re fur!r exi/s a sup]/ition t any object requir+ int]nal adju/m5t1 l a pess>y1 runs ! risk ( be+ lo/ 9 ! woman's inside4 ,a fur!r aspect ( ! problem is ! preval5ce "u ! exi/+ sy/em ( ! practice ( abortion4 ,x is difficult1 ( c\rse1 to give any tru/wor?y figures 9 ?is connexion1 s9ce 9 _m cases ! fact t ! "m has attempt$ to induce an abortion is n reveal$ to ! m$ical man :o att5ds h]1 or to ! hospital au?orities :o take h] 94 ,! me?ods usually resort$ to are ( an amaz+ crudity4 ,!y v>y f ! pregnant "m jump+ ?ree or f\r times consecutively (f a table on to ! floor or ?r[+ h]self d[n/airs1 to h] swall[+ l>ge quantities ( lead1 ergot1 qu99e & o!r sub/ances z well z nocu\s doses ( emetics1 irritants & purgatives4 ,frequ5tly ! woman practises local viol5ce ^u h]self1 or engages ! s]vices ( a pr(essional abortioni/1 a class m num]\s ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,su* a p]son1 aft] practis+ 8 art1 is 9 ! habit ( in/ruct+ ! woman z soon z %e feels ! pa9 or notices any haemorrhage1 to report h]self to a m$ical man or pres5t h]self at a hospital :]e %e is tak5 9 z an ord9>y case ( ?reat5$ abortion4 ,! responsibility = :at may subsequ5tly happ5 to ! woman is ?us effectively remov$ f ! abortioni/'s %\ld]s1 x be+ 9 ! int]e/ ( ev]yone conc]n$ to pres]ve sil5ce z to ! "p he has play$4 ,! damage done to ! heal? ( _m poor wom5 by su* practices is enorm\s1 & might l>gely be avoid$ by a judici\s in/ruction 9 ,bir? ,control4 ,:5 ! effects ( all ?is ^u ! *ildr5 are consid]$1 x is at once f\nd t ! "q ( ,bir? ,control is intimately connect$ ) ! h\s+ problem4 ,! ov]cr[d+ 9 l>ge slum families is notori\s4 ,at an e>ly age ! day is pass$ by ^! *ildr5 9 ! /reet1 :]e1 fil?y & unt5d$1 !y receive little by way ( notice f _! eld]s except h>d words or bl[s4 ,_! nights are sp5t pack$1 9 a fetid atmosph]e1 sev]al toge!r 9 ! same b$ f :i* !y may witness _! p>5ts 9 sexual int]c\rse1 sometimes _! "m 9 lab\r1 & :]e !y are free to indulge 9 :at1 lat] 9 life1 w\ld be call$ ince/u\s practices ) "o ano!r4 ,! writ] has on m ?an "o occasion att5d$ a woman 9 conf9em5t :ile sev]al *ildr5 7 wat*+ h] f a b$ 9 ! same room1 !re be+1 9 ! urg5cy ( ! situation1 no "t to dispose ( !m & n[h]e imm$iately available to s5d !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sub/antially ?is is :at has be5 said on ea* side ( ?is complex "q4 ,be=e proce$+ to discuss ! argum5ts h]et(ore prop\nd$1 x is necess>y to emphasize ! fact t f ! te*nical po9t ( view a really satisfactory contraceptive does n yet exi/4 ,! *ief disadvantage atta*+ to ! contraceptive us$ by ! man is t x is q impossible to induce ! type ( individual ^: procreation we w\ld wi% to re/rict to use any contraceptive at all4 ,! *ild is usually begott5 by su* a p>5t :5 he is drunk1 & ev]yone :o has _h exp]i5ce ( ! conditions prevail+ 9 bad slums w "k t x is futile to expect to a*ieve any?+ along ^! l9es ?r\gh ! man4 ,! problem mu/ be met ?r\gh ! woman :o1 unlike ! man1 has to put up ) ! discom=t & ! pa9 ( repeat$ pregnancies1 & has to %\ld] ! ma9 burd5 ( l>ge families4 ,7 x n = ?is elem5t>y human fact all attempts to tea* ,bir? ,control to ! v poor & de/itute w\ld fail completely4 ,ess5tially1 contraceptives :i* ! woman c use are ( two sorts1 & involve two pr9ciplesnamely1 a me*anical or occlusive1 & a *emical or sp]micidal pr9ciple4 ,! objections to ! fir/ are two1 namely t !y are f> f be+ fool-pro(1 & t unless sanction$ by a doctor _! use c be foll[$ by s]i\s h>m4 ,x w be cle> to any m$ical man t = a pati5t suff]+ f gonorrhal c]vicitis1 or inde$ f any condition involv+ a *ronic c]vical dis*>ge1 ! use ( an occlusive pess>y may lead to disa/r\s consequ5ces4 ,! broadca/+ ( promiscu\s advice z to ! utilization ( ^! objects 9 ! abs5ce ( an exam9ation by a compet5t m$ical man or woman is !re=e to be /rongly condemn$4 ,! drawback1 to all exi/+ sp]micidal suppositories is simply _! unc]ta9ty1 ?\gh !y are z ne>ly fool-pro( z any?+ ( ! k9d c be4 ,x is possible t by fur!r rese>* a suppository1 physically h>mless b ( c]ta9 action may be discov]$1 9 :i* case1 f its practical & sociological aspect1 ! problem ( bir? control w be greatly simplifi$4 ,x rema9s1 h[ev]1 a little d\btful :e!r ! *emical pr9ciple1 h[ev] actively sp]micidal1 w ev] disp5se ) ! necessity ( "s occlusive device4 ,b ?is is a sph]e 9 :i* lat] rese>* may prove ( great value1 & no?+ b a t5tative /atem5t is n[ possible4 ,! /atem5t may1 h[ev]1 be made t if !re is "o me?od ( ,bir? ,control z to ^: h>mfulness !re is little room = d\bt1 x is ! me?od ( coitus int]ruptus4 ,9 bo? sexes x gives rise to a condition ( *ronic anxiety :i*1 n[adays1 is f> f uncommon4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( local disease any ( ! above me?ods ( contraception is pref]able to ?is "o4 ,! effectiv5ess ( ^? wom5's contraceptives n[ 9 vogue is difficult to e/imate4 ,!re is little d\bt t an unduly high e/imation ( _! success has be5 =m$ 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s1 bas$ on ! assumption t 9 cases ( failure1 ! work+ woman w promptly report ! ev5t to ! c5tre :]e ! contraceptive 0 obta9$4 ,! writ] is p]suad$ t ?is is (t5 a mi/ak5 assumption1 & t _m cases ( failure pass 9 consequ5ce unnot$4 ,!re is also difficulty 9 kn[+ :e!r ! in/ructions 9 ! adju/m5t ( ! occlusive pess>y h be5 adequately foll[$ out4 ,?is process is n always easy1 & z has be5 said above1 is f> f fool-pro(4 ,! argum5ts above advanc$ w n[ be consid]$ 9 _! relation to 7a7 ! ,individual & 7b7 ! ,race4 7a7 ,! ,individual4,! argum5ts relat+ to ! individual are divisible into ^? applicable to 7#a7 m>ri$1 & 7#b7 unm>ri$ p]sons4 7#a7 ,x is to be not$ t "s ( ! cont5tions advanc$ on ea* side apply to ! diff]5t phases ( ! m>ri$ life ( ! woman4 ,?us ! revulsion ( feel+ aga9/ ! use ( contraceptives is exp]i5c$ *iefly by ! woman :o has _h ei!r no *ildr5 or few *ildr54 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! woman :o has ! greate/ ne$ = a k ( ,bir? ,control is ! "o :o has _h _m *ildr5 & desir+ no m w\ld probably feel little or no av]sion f tak+ precautions aga9/ conceiv+ !m4 ,x appe>s to ! writ] t !re is no adequate objection to communicat+ to su* a multip>\s "m ?is mu* ne$$ in=mation4 ,! difficulty 9 ! case ( ! newly-m>ri$ woman is ( ano!r type4 ,! discrepancy betwe5 ! ages at :i* human be+s rea* sexual maturity & at :i* !y f9d !mselves capable ( ma9ta9+ a family1 raises a numb] ( exce$+ly difficult problems4 ,see+ t ! sexual requirem5ts ( man con/itute a factor v>y+ v greatly f individual to individual1 & to a l>ge ext5t dep5d+1 z is n[ realiz$1 ^u a v complex balance ( gl&ul> functions1 x is m difficult ?an mo/ popul> morali/s seem to realize to lay d[n g5]al rules applicable imp>tially to e body4 ,que/ions su* z ! foll[+ are rais$3 ,c x reasonably be expect$ ( e man to live t5 or m ye>s ( 8 sexually adult life 9 complete cont95ce8 ,if n1 is x bett] = him to m>ry "y & probably unequipp$ to support *ildr51 hav+ rema9$ cont95t till t "t1 or to m>ry lat]1 probably bett] equipp$ f9ancially to become a fa!r1 yet hav+ _h promiscu\s exp]i5ce ( wom5 be=e m>riage8 ,& if he does m>ry "y1 c he be expect$ to rema9 cont95t 9 8 m>ri$ life till he & 8 wife feel t !y c satisfactorily ma9ta9 a family8 ,if he f9ds he _c d ?is1 %\ld he proce$ to h *ildr5 :om he _c prop]ly support1 or is x bett] = ! c\ple to ov]come _! dislike ( contraceptivesa feel+ :i* x is idle = advocates ( ,bir? ,control to ignore& ?us avoid hav+ *ildr5 till !y are want$8 ,^! are a few ( ! g5]al que/ions :i* are rais$ 9 ?is connexion to :i* no compreh5sive answ] c possibly be giv54 ,mu* controv]sy has revolv$ r\nd ! "q ( ! desirability ( self-control z a means ( regulat+ bir?s1 & ( its univ]sal practicability4 ,x is "h cont5d$ t :]e possible ?is is immeasurably ! be/ means ( regulat+ bir?s4 ,at ! same "t1 x is futile to advance a c\nsel ( su* p]fection & difficulty t a highly probable failure to obs]ve x w be foll[$ by socially disa/r\s results4 ,ev]yone w\ld ackn[l$ge t ! ,m$ical ,(fic] ( a milit>y unit :o refus$ to in/ruct ! soldi]s "u 8 sup]vision 9 ! precautions !y %\ld take aga9/ contract+ v5]eal disease1 on ! high moral gr\nds t !y %\ld nev] expose !mselves to su* risk1 w\ld be c>ry+ 8 idealism to socially h>mful l5g?s4 ,yet x is a mu* m difficult task = two p 9 love ) ea* o!r & liv+ toge!r 9 ! intimacies ( m>ri$ life to ex]cise cont9u\s self-d5ial ov] long p]iods ext5d+ to ye>s1 ?an x is = ! soldi] to ab/a9 f occasional promiscuity4 ,9 bo? cases x is cle> t ! correct c\rse is to />t by putt+ ! case = re/ra9t z cle>ly & =cibly z possible1 & !n to expla9 :at /eps mu/ be tak5 9 ! ev5t ( t re/ra9t prov+ too great a task4 ,9 ! ,army & ,navy su* appeals1 :5 tactfully made1 h met ) a response :i* ju/ifies ! view t1 )9 limits1 m c be done 9 ?is way ?an might be suppos$4 ,z a g5]al rule1 !n1 x w\ld appe> desirable t contraceptives %\ld be us$ z little z possible1 especially 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( m>ri$ life4 ,x also seems to ! writ] t 9 ! case ( normal m>ri$ p1 too mu* has be5 made ( ! demoraliz+ effect ( ! #8excessiv5ess' ( t indulg5ce :i* is suppos$ to be p]mitt$ by ! practice ( contraception & :i* =ms ! basis ( ! #8moral' objection advanc$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,?is argum5t frequ5tly emanates f ecclesia/ical s\rces1 :]e k ( ! sexual aspect ( human nature z well z ( ! te*nical side ( contraception is apt to be re/rict$ & biass$4 ,9 effect1 ! man :o is suffici5tly provid5t & consid]ate ( 8 wife to enc\rage ! necess>y precautions 7:i*a po9t too (t5 ignor$ by prejudic$ criticsf ! imm$iately selfi% po9t ( view bo? p>ties w\ld f> soon] =ego71 is n ! k9d ( man to indulge 9 repreh5sible excesses4 ,actually1 demoralization seems r to be produc$ 9 ^? m5 :o insi/ on gratify+ !mselves reg>dless ( _! means1 or ( ! welf>e ( ! *ildr5 !y s abundantly procreate1 or ( ! feel+s & heal? ( _! wives4 7#b7 ,! case ( unm>ri$ p]sons cle>ly falls into a diff]5t category4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ! publicity giv5 to ! subject ( ,bir? ,control has k9dl$ ! imag9ation ( _m "y p & l$ to v>i\s transgressions4 ,! requirem5t "h is to discov] a me?od by :i* at ! same "t ?is publicity may be dim9i%$ & in=mation made selectively m available4 ,bo? ^! results c\ld be a*iev$ if ! subject 7 tak5 up by ! ,m9i/ry ( ,heal?1 & facilities creat$ = ! appropriate giv+ ( k !reon by responsible qualifi$ p]sons4 ,by su* means ! p>ticul> advice suit$ to ea* individual case c\ld be privately giv51 precisely :]e x is requir$1 & /eps might be tak5 to /op ! j\rnali/ic broadca/+ ( in=mation & discussion :i* has br\ght ! subject into su* discr$it4 ,! effects ( ?is measure w\ld be comp>able to ! arre/ ( ! lit]ature ^u ! subject ( v5]eal diseases1 & to ! r$uction ( _! incid5ce t has be5 br\ght ab\t by ! in/itution ( special dep>tm5ts = ! treatm5t ( ^! diseases 9 ! l>ge t[ns4 ,x is cle>1 h[ev]1 t all argum5ts relat+ to ! individual are limit$ 9 _! appeal to ^? 9 ^: m9ds ! conception ( morality is someh[ relat$ to t ( individual h>mony & happ9ess & to ! ideal ( ! g5]al good4 ,to ^? = :om ! ^w #8morality' has an ult]ior mean+1 unconnect$ ) ! affairs ( ?is _w & relevant1 solely1 to ! de/9y ( ! individual s\l,i ref]1 "h to ^? :o enli/ ! #8,w ( ,god' ( :i* !y are ! self-con/itut$ int]pret]s1 on _! sideno argum5t c be ( any avail4 ,s9ce ! subject is ?us remov$ f ! sph]e ( practical controv]sy1 no fur!r discussion is possible1 & ! only ?+ to hope is t ) ! passage ( "t su* p]sons w become less num]\s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,consid]ation ( ! argum5ts be>+ ^u ! individual1 x is submitt$1 po9ts to ! desirability ( 7#a7 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,heal? giv+ ! subject recognition & sanction1 & 7#b7 limit+ ! publicity t n[ atta*es to x4 7b7 ,! ,race4 ,turn+ n[ f ! individual to ! race1 we ent] on a m difficult "p ( ! subject4 ,adh]+ to our orig9al conception ( ! "q we f9d t ! solution 7if x is to be accept$ z su*7 ( ! quantitative difficulty1 & ( ! qualitative problem describ$ z #8economic' 9 nature1 are "o & ! same4 ,! rem$y = t aspect ( ! qualitative problem di/+ui%$ z #8dysg5ic' is diff]5t & mu/ be consid]$ sep>ately4 ,! quantitative difficulty r$uces itself to ?is4 ,admitt+ ! great] f]tility to-day ( ^? ^: occupations are manual1 or :o h no occupation at all 79 o!r words1 ( ! less select type7 & admitt+ t at ! pres5t mom5t ! c\ntry is ov]populat$1 h[ are we to be c]ta9 t we are n )9 sight ( m prosp]\s times :5 unemploym5t w disappe>8 ,& h[ are we to feel assur$ t ! dissem9ation ( k ( ,bir? ,control w n1 9 ! long run1 lead to a disa/r\s decl9e 9 ! bir? rate1 produc+ an irretrievable dim9ution 9 our numb]s8 ,! practical difficulty is "h to prophesy :at w be ! optimum population 7i4e41 t at :i* av]age return ( lab\r p] individual w\ld be greate/7 = a giv5 c\ntry f\rte5 ye>s aheadat ! "t1 t is1 :5 ! *ildr5 born to-day w\ld ent] ! lab\r m>ket4 ,& "h we are 9 ! realm ( almo/ pure guesswork1 & probably no economi/ c\ld be f\nd :o w\ld v5ture ^u m ?an a t5tative speculation4 ,:at ! optimum is at ! mom5t rema9s ev5 a disput$ "q4 ,!re is reason to suppose t unemploym5t returns are n necess>ily a tru/wor?y guide to ! figure4 ,a cons5sus ( op9ion h[ev] exi/s 7includ+ t ( ,mr4 ,baldw97 t at ! mom5t our numb]s are above _! optimum1 ?\gh expectations v>y almo/ inf9itely z to :at ! optimum w be 9 a few ye>s4 ,^? :o hope = a boom 9 trade are satisfi$ ) ! pres5t condition4 ,o!rs :o d n anticipate su* an ev5t1 w\ld m will+ly see an alt]ation br\ght ab\t4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any def9ite k1 ! be/ we c d is n to try to look too f> ahead b to consid] ! solution ( our problems z we f9d !m to-day4 ,at ! mom5t ! indisputable facts ( ! problem 9 ?is c\ntry are t we are ov]-populat$1 t contraception is practis$ too mu* by ! upp] & middle classesp]haps ev5 by ! skill$ work+ classes& n en\gh by ! improvid5t unskill$ masses at ! bottom ( ! social edifice4 ,! out/&+ "q is :e!r1 z a result ( a r$uction ( our numb]s to a po9t some:]e 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! economic optimum = ?is c\ntryby :i* r$uction ! exi/+ burd5 ( taxation1 an increas+ elem5t ( :i* is n[ devot$ to *>ity & relief1 w be correspond+ly dim9i%$our upp] & middle classes w\ld be enabl$ to produce m *ildr51 & to cont9ue to produce en\gh to ma9ta9 our numb]s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( _! optimum4 ,! answ] to ?is "q dep5ds on a fur!r "q4 ,to :at ext5t is ! relative /]ility ( ! pr(essional & skill$ work+ classes attributable to ! heavy taxation n[ impos$ on !m1 & to ! rise 9 ! co/ ( liv+ due to ! w>1 & to :at ext5t is x ! result ( a pref]5ce %[n by _m p = a m or less luxuri\s life1 ) few or no *ildr51 to a simpl] life ) sev]al *ildr58 ,9 o!r words1 to :at ext5t is x attributable to an economic factor & to :at ext5t to motives ( selfi%ness8 ,to :at ext5t does t quality ( self-int]e/ play a "p :i* prompts a woman to refuse to brea/fe$ h] baby because %e is afraid ( ! effects !re( ^u h] figure1 :i* causes h] to ab/a9 f hav+ *ildr5 because %e dislikes ! discom=t & de=mity prelim9>y to1 & ! actual pa9s (1 *ildbir?1 or :i* makes h] value amusem5ts & exp5sive =ms ( pleasure & recreation m highly ?an ! exp]i5ce ( mat]nity8 ,to :at ext5t is ! relative inf]tility ( ! upp] & middle classes acc\nt$ = by ! k9d ( egotism :i* induces ! husb& to g 9 = ent]ta9+1 = a motor1 & a h\se ) sev]al s]vants1 & g5]ally to live 9 comp>ative afflu5ce r ?an d )\t 8 sup]fluities & br+ up a family ( *ildr58 ,?is attitude n[adays c]ta9ly plays a "p4 ,dissatisfaction ) ! elem5t>y pleasures ( life1 ! crav+ aft] artificial /imuli & new s5sations1 h always be51 & probably w always rema91 ! sure/ way to decad5ce 9 a race1 & z su* %\ld be combat$4 ,x is m 9 ! int]e/ ( ! race t ! pr(essional & artisan classes %\ld produce pl5ty ( good *ildr5 ?an t ! families ( ! v poor %\ld be re/rict$4 ,! argum5t is sometimes advanc$ by complac5t & weal?y individuals t ! work+ classes %\ld be enc\rag$ to reproduce freely 9 ord] to keep up ! c\ntry's numb]s4 ,! dirty "w is ?r[n1 s to speak1 on ! %\ld]s ( ^? lea/ qualifi$ to dis*>ge x4 ,x mu/ appeal to ! s5se ( ju/ice ( ev]yone t if ! ma9t5ance ( numb]s ( ! race is to be conceiv$ z a burd5 7:i* ( c\rse x %\ld n71 ! burd5 %\ld be borne equally by all classes4 ,! writ]1 :o has _h occasion to witness ! results ( ov]-multiplication among ! v poor1 feels t x is only 9 fairness to !m t !y %\ld be equipp$ ) e possible means ( improv+ _! lot4 ,at pres5t "o ( ! mo/ important ( su* means is ! creation ( facilities by ! ,m9i/ry ( ,heal? = ! giv+ ( in=mation to ^? mo!rs :o ne$ x ab\t h[ !y may limit _! families & space _! *ildr54 ,! imm$iate social results ( su* a measure w\ld unque/ionably be good4 ,! remote results are m op5 to d\bt4 ,& x is ?is d\bt :i* r5d]s x ( ! utmo/ importance to add t e =m ( pressure & p]suasion be br\ght to be> on ! o!r classes1 to make !m realize t x is morally incumb5t on !m1 9 ! int]e/s ( ! c\ntry & ( ! race1 to h z _m *ildr5 z !y c possibly af=d1 ev5 at ! exp5se ( ! m9or luxuries ( life4 ,up till n[ no su* pressure has be5 ex]t$1 & mo/ p reg>d x z a matt] ( moral indiff]5ce1 :e!r1 :5 m>ri$1 !y h *ildr5 or n4 ,! problem z to :e!r ! g5]al public1 once x has be5 educat$ to realize ! national importance ( ! "q ( hav+ *ildr51 w\ld act ^u x & !reby av]t ! ?reat ( a dw9dl+ population is aga9 "o ( great difficulty4 ,admitt$ly1 ! example set u by ,france is n enc\rag+4 ,:at is ! likelihood ( our foll[+ 9 h] foot/eps8 ,x is a delicate & important "q4 ,! writ] is ( ! op9ion t our national "* diff]s f t ( ! ,fr5* 9 a way t w\ld make u m responsive to su* an appeal = *ildr5 ?an ! ,fr5* h %[n !mselves to be4 ,b aga9 we are 9 ! realm ( conjecture1 & ea* p]son is entitl$ to 8 op9ion4 ,! fact rema9s1 h[ev]1 t z long z ! adv]tisem5t n[ giv5 to ,bir? ,control is p]mitt$ to cont9ue1 its practice w become ye>ly m preval5t4 ,its spread w c]ta9ly n be limit$ by an attitude ( (ficial negativism t[>ds x :ile ! propag&a is all[$ to cont9ue un*eck$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re rema9s ! o!r process above di/+ui%$ z #8dysg5ic1' ! effect ( :i* ^u ! quality ( ! race is probably z detrim5tal z ! "o j consid]$1 namely1 ! nurture & p]petuation ( ! morally & physically unfit4 ,?is t5d5cy c only possibly be met by "s =m ( ,eug5ic legislation4 ,! exi/+ opposition to any?+ ( ! sort 9 ?is c\ntry probably spr+s f a deep-seat$ dislike ( bureaucratic int]f]5ce 9 p's private lives1 & is associat$ ) a failure to realize ! h>mful consequ5ces ( ! exi/+ ord]4 ,x is ( int]e/1 h[ev]1 to obs]ve t 9 ,am]ica1 :]e1 9 practice if n 9 !ory1 individual lib]ty is valu$ less highly ?an 9 ?is c\ntry1 v>i\s enactm5ts h be5 pass$ ) a def9itely ,eug5ic object4 ,?us 9 ! ,/ate ( ,nebraska m>riage is =bidd5 to anyone afflict$ ) v5]eal disease1 & all applications = m>riage lic5ses h to be accompani$ by affidavits ( fre$om f su* disease4 ,nobody acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( ! infant mortality produc$ by cong5ital syphilis c fail to approve ( ?is measure4 ,9 #ahie ! ,/ate ( ,connecticut =bade ! m>riage ( epileptics & feeble-m9d$ p]sons1 "u p5alty ( ?ree ye>s' imprisonm5t4 ,ev]yone possess+ k ( ! ,neurological ,out-pati5ts' ,dep>tm5t ( any l>ge hospital mu/ realize ! exi/+ preval5ce ( epilepsy & appreciate h[ ?is h]$it>y disease may incapacitate & /ultify its victims4 ,montana provides = ! /]iliz+ ( idiots1 epileptics1 feeble-m9d$ & insane p]sons1 :i* measure mu/ aga9 comm5d itself to ^? aw>e ( h[ prolific su* types c be if left unwat*$4 ,9 males1 /]ilization c be effect$ by a v m9or op]ation1 ! use ( ,x-rays = ?is purpose be+ a proc$ure ) reg>d to :i* !re is /ill m$ical controv]sy4 ,! pr9ciple might ev5 be ext5d$ to individuals :o1 by a record ( crime or misdemean\r1 prove !mselves to belong to a type :i* ! nation does n want p]petuat$4 ,! /]ilization ( ! male leaves q undi/urb$ 8 sexual function1 ?\gh x de/roys 8 p[] ( reproduction4 ,! infr+em5t :i* x !re=e involves ( ! lib]ty ( ! individual is f> less ?an t made by ! ,/ate :5 x takes x ^u itself to hang a man4 ,yet ! social b5efit aris+ f ! two measures _c be comp>$4 ,?\gh x is difficult at ?is /age to def9e ! details ( ,eug5ic legislation x seems likely t ! physical & moral /&>d ( ! race c\ld broadly be rais$ by su* a qualitative ,bir? ,control4 ,! numb] ( emigrants :i* we are 9 a position to s5d to ! ,dom9ions ea* ye> is limit$ by difficulties ( transport1 & c\ld nev] am\nt to m ?an a fraction ( our pres5t unemploym5t figure4 ,!re is fur!r ! important consid]ation t ! ,dom9ions !mselves d n reli% ! idea ( our reg>d+ !m z dump+ gr\nds = our sup]flu\s undesirables4 ,! type ( emigrant !y want is a c\rage\s1 h>dwork+1 physically heal?y type1 capable ( initiative1 ( )/&+ h>d%ips )\t grumbl+1 & ( mak+ a good citiz54 ,su* d n t5d to become unemploy$ "h1 ?\gh1 "u v adv]se circum/ances1 !y (t5 may4 ,a decrease ( our population ne$ n !re=e be oppos$ to our ,imp]ial int]e/s if1 9 ! process1 we raise ! /&>d ( ! race & improve our national /ock4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at w be ! be>+s ( su* enlight5$ ,bir? ,control ^u ! future8 ,x w affect ! ,individual directly 9 8 imm$iate relation to 8 family1 & x w influ5ce him indirectly ?r\gh its effect ^u ! community z well z ?r\gh ! int]national relation%ips ( ! c\ntry to :i* he belongs4 ,! int]national implications w be consid]$ fir/1 s9ce !y are ! mo/ f>-rea*+4 ,! mo/ obvi\s ( ^! is ! connexion betwe5 unre/rict$ increase ( population & w>s4 ,to :at ext5t 0 ! late w> due to ?is cause1 & to :at ext5t has ! _w le>nt f x ! necessity ( regulat+ su* increase8 ,! causes ( ! late w> 7 complex & are n yet :olly und]/ood4 ,a fact h[ev] /&s out cle>ly n[ t we contemplate x 9 retrospect & n[ t *anges 9 int]national feel+s h =c$ ^u u a consid]ation ( ! po9t ( view ( our late enemies4 ,x is t ! causes n[ recogniz$ are ess5tially diff]5t f :at ^? causes 7 repres5t$ to be 9 ! w> propag&a ( ! v>i\s bellig]5ts4 ,x is to ! int]e/s ( ea* bellig]5t to place ! :ole blame = a w> ^u its enemies & completely to exculpate itself4 ,?us 9 ! late w> bo? sides 7 conv9c$ t !y 7 fight+ = ,righte\sness1 ,lib]ty1 ,ju/ice1 ,law & ,ord]1 ,civilization1 etc41 aga9/ enemies inspir$ by cruelty1 subtlety1 insatiable gre$1 jeal\sy & lu/ = _w-p[]4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we contemplate ! w> aft] a lapse ( sev]al ye>s ?r\gh an aft]ma? ( mu* suff]+ & disillusionm5t1 we realize t x 0 ! product ( hi/orical causes & racial antipa?ies & ( c]ta9 social & economic ph5om5a r ?an ( any unequal p>tition ( moral qualities4 ,be=e ! w>1 ,great ,brita9 0 ! mo/ p[]ful nation 9 ! _w & 0 naturally jeal\s ( any o!r nation t covet$1 or aspir$ to usurp1 h] enviable /atus4 ,russia f\nd h]self 9 a condition ( acute social in/ability1 mom5t>ily ?reat5$ by ! ev5t :i* 9 #aiag ca/ h] beyond ! pale ( we/]n civilization4 ,to ,russia ! w> came z a happ5+ :i* c\ld dissipate ! revolution>y f]m5ts1 mobilize h] refractory work]s into ! army1 &1 ?r\gh ! trem5d\s appeal ( a national crusade1 sidetrack ! =ces ( an>*y 9 precisely ! way t ^? =ces 7 sidetrack$ 9 ,irel& 9 #aiad4 ,_h ! w> be5 won quicklyz !re 7 gr\nds = hop+ :5 x began! ,cz> w\ld probably /ill be on ! ?rone ( an enl>g$ & yet m p[]ful ,russia4 ,by ! ev5ts ( ! la/ hundr$ ye>s ,g]many _h be5 elevat$ f a position ( relative unimportance to t ( ! mo/ highly organiz$ & p]fectly indu/rializ$ p[] 9 ! _w4 ,9 a*iev+ ?is promotion %e _h e>n$ ! v5om\s hatr$1 born ( h] humiliation1 ( ,france1 & ! sl[ly gr[+1 disquiet+ suspicion ( ,great ,brita94 ,consci\s ( h] gr[+ indu/rial /r5g?1 becom+ re/ive )9 ! fronti]s :i* conf9$ h] swell+ population1 aw>e ( ! ho/ility ( h] neighb\rs1 & nev] all[$ to =get t h] k+dom _h be5 built ^u ! sword1 ! y\?ful s\l ( ,g]many f\nd1 9 h] ,emp]or1 a fitt+ symbol = h] aspirations4 ,he 0 ! creation ( h] mood1 & toge!r ) ! p>ty ( :i* he 0 ! m\?piece l$ h] to h] d[nfall4 ,x w\ld n be a fair /atem5t to ass]t t population pressure 9 ,g]many 0 ! cause ( ! w>4 ,x 0 unque/ionably a "p-cause & a pr$ispos+ cause1 z x 0 ( migration 9 prehi/oric times & ( mo/ w>s s9ce4 ,b x 0 "h complicat$ by o!r factors bo? inside & outside ,g]many4 ,! univ]sal desire to av]t a simil> cata/rophe 9 ! future has mat]ializ$ 9 ! ,league ( ,nations4 ,x is hop$ t ?r\gh its ag5cy _m precipitat+ causes ( w> w be elim9at$4 ,by x provocation w be made m difficult & commitm5t m p]il\s4 ,b ! ess5tial pr$ispos+ cause1 t ( ov]-multiplication1 rema9s unassail$4 ,l "s dull-witt$ mon/] x is left to wax 9 /r5g? & malignancy )9 its fett]s1 till at la/1 no long] to be d5i$1 x w break all b\nds1 turn1 & r5d ! _w4 ,f ! late w> no lesson z to ! importance ( population control has be5 le>nt4 ,w ano!r w> be necess>y to tea* u ?is lesson8 ,e>li] 9 ! book ref]5ce 0 made to ! possibility ( a w> betwe5 ,japan & ei!r ,am]ica or ourselves4 ,?\gh ?is cont+5cy is be+ ?\ght out 9 detail by ! naval au?orities ( all ?ree c\ntries1 c>e is tak5 9 diplomatic circles to ass]t t su* practical measures z ! equipm5t ( ,s+apore imply no unfri5dly or suspici\s attitude t[>d ,japan4 ,few p1 h[ev]1 are deceiv$ by ^! utt]ances4 ,! mutual fe> & di/ru/ is gr[+ & w probably cont9ue to gr[4 ,!re is little d\bt1 t1 if ?is w> comes ab\t1 its ess5tial cause1 ! increase ( ,japanese 9 excess ( ! p[] ( ma9t5ance ( _! c\ntry1 w be obscur$ by t outbur/ ( vilification ( ! enemy & glorification ( self :i* is n[ dem&$ by popul> s5tim5t 9 ! conduct ( w>s4 ,yet ?is cause w rema9 "h incomp>ably ! mo/ important ( ! pr$ispos+ causes4 ,aft] su* a w> w !re rema9 any ve/ige ( civilization to pr(it f ! h>d-won lesson8 ,! pr9cipal aim ( ,soviet ,russia to-day is ! spread ( h] communi/ic pr9ciples ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,! *ief ob/acles to ?is are ! firmly entr5*$ & p[]ful capitalism ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! m diffus$ & ess5tially m vuln]able capitali/ic organisations ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,^! la/ ! ,russians are do+ _! be/ to und]m9e n[4 ,a second _w w> w\ld give !m a long-covet$ opportunity4 ,realiz+ t prolong$ w>s & ! social unre/ t foll[s !m are ! soil f :i* revolutions mo/ readily spr+1 ,russia w\ld probably associate h]self ) ,japan4 ,! secret treaty betwe5 ! two c\ntries ^: aspirations & political ideals h o!rwise little 9 common1 gives a premonition ( ?is4 ,by ! "t a w> comes x is possible t ! exploitation ( ,*9a by ,japan w be m complete1 & ! effects ( anti-=eign propag&a1 c>ri$ on by ,russia1 m f>-rea*+4 ,! increase ( anti-,briti% feel+ 9 ,india1 also /imulat$ by ,russia1 w co-op]ate to unify ,asia & ,european ,russia 9 a solid block1 det]m9$ to %ake (f ! yoke ( ! ,we/]n ,p[]s & ( ,am]ica4 ,su* a w> c\ld nev] be conclusive1 h[ev] prolong$4 ,! va/ l5g? ( ! fight+ front1 ! colossal numb]s ( active bellig]5ts1 & ! enhanc$ de/ructiv5ess ( w> w\ld probably lead1 aft] initial successes1 to a collapse ( ! organiz$ fight+ =ces ( ! ,we/4 ,! se$s ( revolution 9 ,europe1 by !n m deeply s[n1 w\ld g]m9ate1 & ! pres5t social ord] w\ld come to an end4 ,! cont95t w\ld !n emb>k ^u a new phase ( its hi/ory1 ) ! fir/ *apt] /eep$ 9 ! blood%$ ( revolution1 & f\nd$ ^u ! ru9s ( our indu/rial civilization4 ,! c5tre ( civilization might !n %ift to ! s\!rn hemisph]e :]e to-day !re is less to de/roy4 ,! fact rema9s t if ! price t humanity w h to pay = le>n+ to regulate its ov]-multiplication is to be a second _w w>! mu* talk$ ( w>1 ?is "t1 betwe5 ,ea/ & ,we/x is d\btful if !re w be left a civilization capable ( le>n+ ! lesson4 ,x seems wor? :ile1 !re=e1 to try to put ! pr9ciple into effect be=e we are taught its necessity 9 su* a way4 ,to ?is !re are at pres5t two ob/acles1 namely ! nature ( c]ta9 religions & ! crit]ion ( national evaluation t is /ill preval5t4 ,! fir/ ob/acle re/s 9 ! fact t two p[]ful religions h n adapt$ !mselves to ! *anges ( human relation%ips impos$ by ! unification ?r\gh sci5ce ( ! human race4 ,^! religions rema9 ) _! eyes fix$ ei!r on ! next _w or on ! exclusive welf>e ( ! tribe4 ,by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* a mode ( behavi\r is impos$ calculat$ to a*ieve salvation 9 ! next _w irrespective ( its effects on ?is "o4 ,omitt+ f consid]ation1 z probably unju/1 ! motive ( wi%+ to increase ! numb] ( its adh]5ts1 ) :i* ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* has be5 *>g$ by reason ( its attitude t[>ds ,bir? ,control1 !re rema9s a motive aris+ f a !ory ( a relation betwe5 salvation 9 ! next _w & c]ta9 modes ( behavi\r 9 ?is4 ,contraception is condemn$ because x is held to incur damnation4 ,x is n condemn$ because x leads to social inju/ice1 to w>s1 to human suff]+4 ,! po9t is t x is /ill condemn$ 9 spite ( its lead+ away f ^! ?+s4 ,x is !re=e dev\tly to be hop$ t 9 ! ev5t ( ! population ( any ,ca?olic c\ntry at any "t 9 ! future exp&+ to proportions t ?reat5 ! peace ( ! _w1 ! ,pope w see 8 way to modify ! ,*ur*'s attitude 9 ! matt] be=e x is too late4 ,failure to d s w\ld result 9 ! depress+ spectacle ( ! lead] ( ! religion ( #8,peace & ,goodwill' among m5 delib]ately refus+ to take a /ep to av]t w>4 ,! second type ( religion is repres5t$ 9 ,japan & is tribal 9 ! s5se t x is av[$ly conc]n$ ) ! glorification ( ! ,japanese1 irrespective ( ! consequ5ces to ! _w t ?is may involve4 ,9 its object ( elevat+ ,japan to ! /atus ( a fir/ class p[] ! cult ( reviv$ ,%9to has succe$$ admirably & has prov$ itself1 9 sev]al w>s1 to be a spl5did fight+ cre$4 ,! pres5t increase ( ! population ( ,japan by #gjj1jjj a ye> is :olly 9 accordance ) its precepts4 ,aga9 we may dev\tly hope t x w n ov]rea* itself & plunge ,japan1 z well z ! re/ ( u1 into a _w w> aft] :i* we w\ld probably cease to exi/ z civiliz$ c\ntries4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 obvi\s t a modification ( ,japanese policy :]e ,bir? ,control is conc]n$ w\ld be welcom$ ) inexpressible relief by ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,! militancy ( ,mohamm$anism w probably h little effect on ! future ( ! _w1 because ,mohamm$an c\ntries are at pres5t poorly organiz$ = ext5sive mod]n w>4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is m conc]n$ ) ! social & int]national implications ( religion ?an any o!r1 & ! above rem>ks h little relevance to x4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! cataclysm above contemplat$ is to be av]t$ ! fir/ necessity w\ld seem to be a revision ( ! /&>ds ( exi/+ religions1 9 consid]ation ( ! unification ( ! human race1 s z to accord ) a =mula ( some?+ ( ?is sort3 ,t is good & morally "r :i* w promote ! g5]al happ9ess & goodwill ( humanity1 & ! h>mony ( ! _w4 ,x is cle> t action lead+ to ! limitation ( ov]-multiplication w\ld 9 ?is s5se be good & 9 accordance ) religion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! second ob/acle to ! realization ( a control ( population is ! /&>d by :i* ! m]it ( a nation is n[ g5]ally apprais$1 & to :i* mo/ nations aspire4 ,?is m]it is l>gely e/imat$ 9 t]ms ( p[] ( (f5ce & def5ce4 ,?is is a bad crit]ion & %\ld be alt]$ = a bett] "o :i* w n[ be consid]$4 ,e>li] 9 ! book ref]5ce 0 made to a biological argum5t aga9/ contraception1 consid]ation ( :i* 0 def]r$4 ,?is argum5t holds t 9 s f> z reproduction is a prim>y biological function1 a ?w>t+ ( t function is n only unnatural b anti-biological4 ,?is view has a c]ta9 plausibility b does n /& close scrut9y4 ,! crit]ion ( biological value or fitness is ess5tially racial1 n individual4 ,t is biologically good :i* w improve or b5efit ! race1 t is bad :i* w h>m or weak5 x4 ,"u /able conditions ( racial equilibrium !re is a reasonable expectation t in/9cts & /ructures :i* h _h survival value 9 ! pa/ w cont9ue to h su* value 9 ! future4 ,b dur+ mom5ts ( crisis1 at ^? turn+ po9ts 9 ! hi/ory ( liv+ ?+s :5 new =ms appe>1 su* a presumption is q unju/ifi$4 ,?us if we picture to ourselves1 allegorically1 an ev5t :i* probably took _m ?\s&s ( ye>s to accompli%1 we might imag9e ! comm5ts ( a cons]vative pisc9e critic ^u ! em]g5ce ( ! fir/ ,dipnoid f "s muddy riv] on to l&4 ,! developm5t ( =e & h9d limbs f f9s1 ( lung f swim-bladd]1 & ( in/9cts appropriate to ! new m$ium1 w\ld /rike all cons]vative fi%es z highly immoral deviations f t biological tradition :i* _h giv5 /ability to ! glori\s race ( fi%es4 ,no?+ c\ld seem m a-biological4 ,simil>ly ) ! developm5t ( fur & fea!rs & ( ! p>5tal in/9ct1 all ( :i* 7 probably1 9 "p at any rate1 inve/$ ) survival value by ! spell ( cold :i* foll[$ ! ,second>y p]iod1 & :i* p]haps condition$ ! sub/itution ( birds & mammals = ! hi!rto ubiquit\s reptile z dom9ant v]tebrates on ! e>?4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! cons]vative reptile su* *anges w\ld appe> highly anti-biological4 ,9 mom5ts ( racial crisis1 !re=e1 x is dang]\s to g5]alize z to :at is biologically good f pa/ exp]i5ce alone4 ,9 ! pa/ a high degree ( f]tility has be51 = mo/ species1 a biologically valuable asset4 ,x does n foll[ t x w cont9ue to be s = ! human race4 ,9 fact !re are good reasons = suppos+ t x w n4 ,! human race is n[ pass+ ?r\gh a biological crisis unprec$5t$ 9 ! hi/ory ( life4 ,x has a*iev$ a ma/]y ov] nature su* t mank9d is n[ economically unifi$ ?r\gh\t ! _w by ! a/\nd+ feats ( int]communication & transport4 ,b z yet ! human race has a*iev$ little e?ical unification4 ,x is directly 9 ! int]e/s ( ! race t su* unification %\ld take place1 & all ?+s :i* promote x may !re=e be consid]$ biologically good4 ,& ( ^? ?+s a re/riction ( human f]tility is "o ( ! mo/ important4 ,:at !n is to be our biological crit]ion ( racial fitness & our /&>d = judg+ ( a nation's m]it8 ,x is cle> t our biological crit]ion mu/ be racial r ?an individual4 ,division ( lab\r & diff]5tiation ( function are c>ri$ to su* l5g?s 9 civiliz$ societies t x does n seem possible to hold up any individual type z an ideal ( biological fitness4 ,qualities :i*1 to ! solit>y animal1 w\ld irrevocably spell ext9ction may = ! greg>i\s animal h ! highe/ survival value4 ,?us no attribute w\ld be m irrem$iably fatal to a non-social animal ?an /]ility4 ,yet ! /]ility ( #iii out ( #ajjj female bees 9 ! community ( ! hive has end[$ ! species ) a vitality & a biological importance su* t x has l>gely condition$ ! appe>ance on ! planet ( _m k9ds ( entomophil\s fl[]s4 ,our biological crit]ion mu/ !re=e1 ) our /&>d ( m]it1 be social r ?an individual1 & ! foll[+ g5]al outl9e is sugge/$4 ,! population ( ea* c\ntry %\ld be proportionate to its res\rces4 ,! num]ical adju/m5t %\ld be su* t !re be no unemploym5t & t individual productivity be highe/ )\t idl]s at ei!r end ( ! social scale4 ,! physical av]age ( ! race %\ld be good ) no cong5ital diseases ( m9d or body & ) ! m9imum ( o!r diseases1 & ( crime4 ,!re %\ld be a high av]age /&>d ( com=t1 self-respect & happ9ess1 & a high moral /&>d ( hone/y1 tol]ance1 & k9dl9ess4 ,"o w\ld hope = a wide preval5ce ( t #8joie de vivre' & cont5tm5t :i* is d\btless l>gely temp]am5tal 9 orig9 & :i* contributes m to an individual's happ9ess ?an any numb] ( worldly possessions c ev] d4 ,& ! social cleavage betwe5 classes1 & ! n[ /up5d\s discrepancies betwe5 ! v ri* & ! v poor %\ld be r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,su* conditions all w\ld wi% g5]ally di/ribut$4 ,x is a "q :e!r a uni=mly high degree ( intellig5ce %\ld be equally ubiquit\s4 ,9 e community1 primitive or civiliz$1 an imm5se am\nt ( crude physical lab\r has to be done4 ,! soil has to be till$1 someone has to dig coal & iron out ( ! gr\nd1 & endless o!r k9ds ( manual "w h to be p]=m$4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! possession ( a v high degree ( intellig5ce w\ld make su* work]s happi] or m effici5t4 ,b :atev] we may individually feel ab\t ?is po9t1 we w\ld all wi% su* work]s to be heal?y1 happy1 well h\s$1 cont5t$ ) _! lot1 fond ( _! *ildr51 & bo? appreciat$ by1 & on good t]ms )1 ! re/ ( ! community4 ,& obvi\sly x is a condition ( ?is sort :i* an enlight5$ ,bir? ,control c\ld help to a*ieve4 ,! above is int5d$ bo? to be a crit]ion ( biological fitness = ! human race1 & a m satisfactory /&>d ( national evaluation ?an ! "o t is 9 vogue to-day4 ,x w be not$ t !re is no?+ 9 x ab\t capacity = w>s4 ,if we c\ld sub/itute "s su* /&>d 9 place ( ! armam5t /&>d by :i* to grade c\ntries 9 an ord] ( m]it1 we %\ld be 9 a bett] position to av]t ! cata/rophe ( ano!r _w w> ?an we are at pres5t4 ,accord+ to su* a /&>d ! c\ntry mo/ des]v+ ( admiration1 respect & imitation to-day w\ld probably be ,switz]l&4 ,kn[+ t %e _c def5d h]self aga9/ h] p[]ful neighb\rs1 %e does n aspire to l>ge armies4 ,:5 o!r c\ntries c1 by a simultane\s control ( population1 realize a simil> security1 x w be op5 to !m to foll[ 9 h] foot/eps4 ,! ideal may n appeal to ! romantic1 b mu* t passes = romance is frequ5tly p]nici\s nons5se1 l ! s5tim5t by :i* w> is glorifi$ 9 ! eyes ( _m wom5 & eld]ly m5 :o h nev] p>ticipat$ 9 x4 ,f an int]national equilibrium bas$ ^u a modification ( religions z above sugge/$ & ^u an alt]ation 9 our /&>ds ( national evaluation1 social h>mony w\ld foll[ fairly readily4 ,x is unlikely t ! antagonism betwe5 capital & lab\r w be mu* affect$ by a control ( population beyond remov+ t s\rce ( social unre/ :i* is furni%$ by a l>ge body ( unemploy$4 ,x rema9s d\btful1 h[ev]1 if ! ess5tial political issue w be mu* modifi$ by a solution ( ! unemploym5t problem4 ,! psy*ological =ces :i* give ! ,lab\r p>ty its driv+ p[] are n su* z to produce ! fulle/ economic prosp]ity 9 ?is c\ntry2 b none ! less !y dem& & mu/ ultimately receive satisfaction4 ,! be/ t c be hop$ is t ^? =ces w gradually be appeas$1 & w n lead to blood%$1 too great a dislocation ( trade1 or too dra/ic a loss ( int]national /atus4 ,! ga9 to ! individual foll[+ ! g5]al application ( k ( ,bir? ,control w be tw(old4 ,9 ! fir/ place p>5ts w be able to space _! *ildr5 9 accordance ) _! physical & f9ancial res\rces2 9 ! second !y w feel m confid5t ( produc+ heal?y well-balanc$ *ildr51 unta9t$ by disease1 ?an !y c feel at pres5t4 ,_! *ildr5 w\ld fur!r be welcom$ by ! community1 & _! future w\ld be assur$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* are ! be>+s ( an enlight5$ ,bir? ,control ^u ! future4 ,x is obvi\s t su* advantages c\ld only be ga9$ by sl[ & labori\s degrees4 ,! writ] is f> f ! op9ion t ! application ( 8 views w imm$iately trans=m ! _w into a ,utopia4 ,he is conv9c$ h[ev] t if ! exi/+ =m ( civilization is to h any p]man5ce1 ! necessity = controll+ population w h to be realiz$ & /riv5 = by all educat$ p4 ,9 practice1 ! #8plea1' ref]r$ to 9 ! sub-title1 is t ! ,m9i/ry ( ,heal? %\ld give ! subject ( contraception its sanction4 ,9 ,may ( #aibd a petition support$ by tw5ty-two ,lab\r memb]s ( ,p>liam5t 0 pres5t$ to ! ,m9i/] ( ,heal? by a deputation ( eighte5 p]sons1 "s ( !m well kn[n1 reque/+ t (ficial p]mission be accord$ to doctors 9 *>ge ( ,welf>e ,c5tres to give in=mation on ,bir? ,control to su* work+ wom5 z desir$ x & 7 consid]$ fit = x4 ,?\gh ! exi/+ te*nique is n :olly satisfactory x is av[$ly wor? some?+1 hav+ already prov$ ( great help to _m wom54 ,?is p]mission 0 refus$ 9 def]5ce1 x seems1 to ecclesia/ical op9ion1 to c]ta9 reaction>y political =ces :i*1 9 ! ,h\se1 7 oppos$ to x1 & to popul> prejudice4 ,x is possible t by ! "t ?is book is publi%$ ! ,m9i/ry ( ,heal? may h *ang$ its attitude4 ,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 in=mation on contraception c only be obta9$ f a few private organizations su* z ^? ( ! ,mal?usian ,league 9 ,walwor? & ,k5s+ton1 ( ,dr ,/opes 9 ,holl[ay1 & f ano!r c5tre 9 ! ,edgw>e ,road4 ,! ,mal?usian ,league has work$ quietly1 uno/5tati\sly1 &1 s f> z its means all[1 ) ! utmo/ effectiv5ess 9 "o ( ! poore/ qu>t]s ( ,london4 ,= :at x has done !re c be no?+ b praise4 ,b h[ev] valuable ! "w ( ^! organizations1 !y _c possibly meet ! requirem5ts ( our l>ge slums1 :]e su* in=mation z exi/s is h&$ ab\t by irresponsible midwives & gamps1 (t5 ) ! wor/ results4 ,x also seems desirable to ! writ] to re/rict ! (t5 vulg> publicity by :i* ?is subject is frequ5tly att5d$1 & to :i* att5tion 0 drawn :5 ! objections to ,bir? ,control 7 review$4 ,aft] ! fir/ bla/ ( criticism :i* x w\ld evoke f ! bas] organs ( ! press1 su* a sanction f ! ,m9i/ry ( ,heal? w\ld r5d] fur!r newspap] adv]tisem5t ( ,bir? ,control sup]flu\s4 ,if x does n cease ( its own accord /eps %\ld be tak5 to suppress x4 ,h[ be/ c ?is sanction be obta9$8 ,cle>ly ?r\gh an appeal f ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,an expression ( unanimity1 or relative unanimity1 f doctors 9 ?is c\ntry z to ! desirability ( ?is sanction w\ld con/itute an argum5t :i* ! ,m9i/ry ( ,heal? c\ld n easily ignore4 ,if ! sanction 7 ?us obta9$ x w\ld be op5 to ^? m$ical m5 :o _h approv$ ! measure 9 ?is c\ntry to invite _! colleagues 9 o!r c\ntries to foll[ 9 our foot/eps4 ,x w\ld seem be/ to beg9 ) ,g]many & ,am]ica1 :]e !re is reason to suppose t su* an appeal w\ld meet ) response4 ,if support 7 =?com+ f ^! c\ntries1 o!rs might be approa*$su* z ,japan1 ,italy & p]haps ,india1 9 :i* la/ ! suff]+ caus$ by an excessive bir? rate & a high e>ly dea? rate is imm5se & almo/ :olly avoidable4 ,9 ?is way ! m$ical pr(ession 9 ^: h&s ! heal? ( ea* community lies w\ld take ! fir/ /ep 9 ! direction ( an int]national control ( population1 & w\ld !reby lay ! basis = a g5u9e & p]man5t _w-peace4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text 9 italics is enclos$ by und]scores 7italics74 ,punctuation & spell+ inaccuracies 7 sil5tly correct$4 ,ar*aic & v>iable spell+ has be5 pres]v$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation & comp\nd words h be5 pres]v$4