,illu/ration3 ,,conclusion ,,( ,,! ,,l5ape ,,annual ,,c]emony ,,9 ,,oklahoma ,native ,pa9t+ by ,e>ne/ ,spybuck1 a ,%awnee ,,indian ,,notes ,,& ,,monographs ,,edit$ ,,by ,f4 ,w4 ,,hodge ,illu/ration ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,publications ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,am]ican ,,aborig9es ,,religion ,,& ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,! ,,l5ape ,,by ,m4 ,r4 ,,h>r+ton ,,new ,,york ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,indian ,,heye ,,f\ndation #aiba ,,religion ,,& ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,! ,,l5ape ,,by ,m4 ,r4 ,,h>r+ton ,,cont5ts ,,page ,preface #ac ,,*apt] ,i ,pan!on #ag ,supreme ,be+ #ah ,evil ,_s #bd ,mant[k ( ! ,f\r ,directions #be ,! ,sun #bg ,! ,moon #bh ,! ,e>? #bh ,?und] ,be+s #bi ,keep]s ( ! ,heav5s #ca ,ms+hlikn1 or ,liv+ ,solid ,face #cb ,"m ,corn #dc ,,*apt] ,,ii ,m9or ,deities #de ,doll ,be+ #de ,tornado #dg ,sn[ ,boy #dh ,comet #dh ,evil ,mant[k #di ,animal ,spirits #di ,plant ,spirits #ea ,local ,g5ii #ea ,,*apt] ,,iii ,survival ( ! ,s\l #eb ,! ,s\l #eb ,! ,l& ( ,spirits #eb ,gho/s & ,m$ium%ip #ed ,e>ly ,acc\nts #ef ,p5n #ef ,bra9]d #ef ,zeisb]g] #eg ,,*apt] ,,iv ,visions & ,gu>dian ,spirits #fa ,initiation ( ,boys #fc ,o!r ,visions #fd ,! ,gu>dian ,_s #fe ,favor$ ,individuals #ff ,unami ,examples #fg ,m9si ,examples #gb ,hi/orical ,ref]5ces #gg ,bra9]d #gg ,zeisb]g] #gg ,loskiel #gh ,heckeweld] #gh ,adams #hj ,,*apt] ,v ,unami ,annual ,c]emony #ha ,! ,lead] #ha ,(fic]s #hd ,prep>ations #he ,c]emony ,comm5c$ #hg ,*ief's ,spee* #hg ,recital ( ,visions #ib ,conclusion ( ,rites #if ,dep>ture ( ! ,hunt]s #ig ,pray] = ! ,hunt]s #ii ,return ( ! ,hunt]s #ajj ,new ,fire #aja ,use ( ,c>v$ ,drum/icks #aja ,turtle ,rattles #ajc ,phratry ,pray]s #ajd ,wom5's ,night #aje ,conclusion ( ,c]emony #ajf ,paym5t ( ,att5dants #ajg ,f9ale #ajh ,paym5t ( ,(fic]s #aaj ,valuation ( ,wampum #aaa ,indian ,comm5ts on ! ,c]emony #aaa ,p5n's ,acc\nt #aae ,zeisb]g]'s ,acc\nt #aaf ,adams' ,acc\nt #aah ,ano!r ,=m ( ! ,annual ,c]emony #abb ,,*apt] ,,vi ,m9si ,big ,h\se ,c]emonies #abg ,my? ( ,orig9 #abg ,numb] ( ,c]emonies #abh ,arrangem5t ( ! ,big ,h\se #abi ,prelim9>ies #acb ,fire #acb ,purification #acc ,op5+ ( ! ,c]emony #acc ,*ief's ,spee* #acc ,c]emonial ,dr9k #acd ,recital ( ,visions #ace ,o!r ,features #acf ,! ,pray] ,cry #acf ,fea/ #acg ,f9al ,address #acg ,conclusion ( ,rites #acg ,gr& ,riv] ,v]sion #ach ,waunbuno's ,v]sion #adc ,,*apt] ,,vii ,! ,msing or ,mask #adf ,orig9 ( ! ,mask & ( ! ,big ,h\se #adg ,msing ,dance #aeb ,notification #aeb ,prep>ations #aec ,! ,c]emony #aec ,adams' ,acc\nt #aed ,o!r ,functions ( ,msing #aef ,masks ( ! ,m9si #aeh ,! ,mask ,society #aei ,c]emonies #aei ,,*apt] ,,viii ,m9or ,c]emonies #afb ,! ,doll ,be+ #afb ,my? ( ,orig9 #afb ,prep>ations = ! ,c]emony #afc ,! ,doll ,dance #afd ,m9si ,doll ,c]emony #aff ,an ,old ,m9si ,doll #afh ,an ,e>ly ,acc\nt ( ,nanits #afi ,be> ,c]emony #aga ,traditional ,orig9 #agb ,prep>ations #agb ,! ,rites #agd ,ott] ,c]emony #agf ,my? ( ,orig9 #agf ,! ,c]emony #agi ,buffalo ,dance #ahb ,import$ ,c]emonies #ahc ,skeleton ,dance #ahc ,peyote ,rite #ahe ,p>aph]nalia #ahf ,(fic]s #ahh ,conduct ( ! ,c]emony #ahh ,gho/ ,dance #aij ,,*apt] ,,ix ,summ>y #aib ,religion #aib ,c]emonies #aif ,m9or ,c]emonies #aih ,notes #bja ,index #bjf ,,illu/rations ,,plates ,,page ,conclusion ( ,l5ape ,annual ,c]emony 9 ,oklahoma4 ,native ,pa9t+ by ,erne/ ,spybuck1 a ,%awnee ,frontispiece ,i4 ,l5ape ,man & ,woman ( ,oklahoma 9 ,c]emonial ,co/ume #bb ,,ii4 ,co/ume worn by ,imp]sonator ( ,ms+hlikn #cd ,,iii4 ,masks ( ! ,m9si 7,aft] ,pet] ,jones7 #ch ,,iv4 ,/one ,head or ,msing1 f ,/at5 ,isl&1 ,n4 ,y4 #db ,v4 ,l5ape ,c]emonial ,h\se ne> ,dewey1 ,oklahoma #hb ,,vi4 ,l5ape ,annual ,c]emony 9 ,progress4 ,native ,pa9t+ by ,erne/ ,spybuck1 a ,%awnee #hf ,,vii4 ,plan ( ,l5ape ,c]emonial ,h\se & ,gr\nds #id ,,viii4 8,nahneetis1 ! ,gu>dian ( ,heal?40 #afh ,,ix4 ,! ,peyote ,rite among ! ,l5ape4 ,native ,pa9t+ by ,erne/ ,spybuck1 a ,%awnee #ahf ,,figures #a4 ,mask ( ! ,oklahoma ,l5ape #cb #b4 ,rattle ( ,turtle%ell us$ by ,msing #cc #c4 ,*>m repres5t+ ,ms+hlikn #cg #d4 ,mask f ! ,canadian ,l5ape #ci #e4 ,/one ,head or ,msing #dj #f4 ,c5tral ,po/ ( ,c]emonial ,h\se %[+ ,c>v$ ,face #hc #g4 ,side ,po/s ( ,c]emonial ,h\se %[+ ,c>v$ ,faces #hd #h4 ,c]emonial ,fire-drill us$ at ! ,annual ,c]emony #hf #i4 ,rattle ( ,l&-tortoise ,%ell1 us$ by ,celebrants at ! ,annual ,c]emony #ic #aj4 ,drum made ( ,dri$ ,de]sk91 us$ at ! ,annual ,c]emony #id #aa4 ,sacr$ ,drum/icks1 us$ at ! ,annual ,c]emony #ajb #ab4 a1 ,pla9 ,drum/ick us$ at ! ,annual ,c]emony4 b1 ,pray]/ick #ajb #ac4 ,pa9t-di% ( ,b>k1 us$ at ! ,annual ,c]emony #aje #ad4 ,drum ( ,dri$ ,de]sk94 ,m9si type #abi #ae4 a1 ,drum/ick1 ,m9si type4 b1 ,pray]/ick #acj #af4 a1 ,regalia ( ,ott]-sk9 us$ 9 ! ,ott] ,rite4 b1 ,regalia z worn #agh #ag4 ,fl9t & ,/eel us$ 9 ! ,ott] ,rite #ahj #ah4 ,rattle or ,l&-tortoise ,%ell us$ 9 ! ,ott] ,rite #aha #ai4 ,peyote 8,button0 #ahe ,,preface ,! foll[+ pap] is int5d$ to be ! fir/ ( a s]ies conc]n+ diff]5t phases ( ! culture ( ! ,l5ape or ,delaw>e ,indians1 once a num]\s p =m+ a conf$]acy ( ?ree closely relat$ tribes1 ! ,unami1 ! ,m9si or ,muncey1 & ! ,unalatko or ,unala*tigo1 fir/ enc\nt]$ by ! :ites 9 :at is n[ ,new ,j]sey1 ,delaw>e1 ea/]n ,p5nsylvania1 & s\!a/]n ,new ,york1 b at la/ acc\nts#a r$uc$ to "s #aijj s\ls scatt]$ 9 ,oklahoma & ! ,prov9ce ( ,ont>io1 ,canada1 ) a few 9 ,wiscons9 & ,kansas4 ,( ^! ! ,l5ape ( ,oklahoma seem to be ma9ly ( ,unami extraction1 ! re/ l>gely ,m9si1 :ile ! ,unalatko appe> to h m]g$ ) ! o!rs & to h lo/ _! id5tity4 ,! writ] has ga!r$ mo/ ( 8 data = ! :ole s]ies f ! ,oklahoma b&s1 ) su* in=mants z ,*ief ,*>ley ,elkhair 7,koklpowe71 ,julius ,fox1 or ,f\ts 7,petanh9k71 ,m9nie ,fox 7,wemlexkw7 8 wife1 & ,william ,br[n2 b mu* valuable in=mation came f ,canada :]e 8 pr9cipal in=mants 7 ,*ief ,james ,wolf 7,tay5oxwan71 ,*ief ,nellis ,f4 ,timo?y1 7,tomapemihilat71 ,isaac ,monture 7,kapyhm71 ,*ief ,nellis ,monture1 ,mi*ael ,an?ony 7,nankmaoxa71 & ,monroe ,pheasant4 ,( ^! especial cr$it is due to ,julius ,fox & ,*ief ,timo?y1 bo? ( :om manife/$ great int]e/ 9 ! "w & ex]t$ e ef=t to make x complete1 & to ,erne/ ,spybuck1 a ,%awnee1 ^: pa9t+s1 c>efully made ( ,delaw>e c]emonies at ! writ]'s reque/1 =m a valuable adjunct to ! text4 ,! works ( previ\s writ]s h be5 utiliz$ :]e available1 & mu* has be5 le>n$ f ar*eological discov]ies 9 ! anci5t t]ritory ( ! ,l5ape1 n s mu*1 ( c\rse1 ) reg>d to ! subject matt] ( ! pres5t pap]1 z ( o!rs 9 prep>ation4 ,mo/ ( ! in=mation 0 ga!r$ :ile ! writ] 0 collect+ e?nological specim5s = ! ,heye ,museum ( ,new ,york1 n[ ! ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation1 dur+ ! ye>s #aijg to #aiaj2 b "s ( ! ,canadian data 7 procur$ e>li] :ile 9 ! field = ,mr ,e4 ,t4 ,tefft ( ,new ,york1 ^: collection is n[ 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,)\t k ( ! ,delaw>e language 9 its div]g5t dialects1 & )\t any pret5sion ( be+ a philologi/1 ! writ] has endeavor$ to record ! ,l5ape words z he he>d !m1 dep5d+ = translation on 8 int]pret] pro tem4 ,h5ce "s inaccuracies at lea/ are inevitable4 ,! alphabet us$ is z foll[s3 ,,v[els ,,consonants a z 9 ar*4 c l ,engli% %4 z 9 cat4 a slight aspirate4 z 9 fall4 gives ! prec$+ v[el a nasal s\nd4 ai z 9 aisle4 e l a 9 fate4 fa9tly :isp]$4 z 9 met4 ,l a surd l4 i z 9 ma*9e4 x l ,g]man *4 z 9 hit4 ,o!r consonants approximately z 9 ,engli%4 o z 9 note4 u z 9 flute4 z 9 b4 z 9 full4 ,x 0 int5d$ at fir/ to publi% ! mass ( mat]ial ?us obta9$ 9 ! =m ( a monograph on ! e?nology ( ! ,l5ape2 b lat] x 0 se5 t :ile "s phases ( _! culture c\ld be describ$ 9 consid]able detail1 !re 7 o!rs n s well repres5t$ 9 our notes4 ,x 0 !re=e f9ally decid$ to publi% at once su* p>ts z 7 ready1 9 ! =m ( sep>ate pap]s1 & to leave ! o!rs until m detail$ in=mation c\ld be obta9$4 ,no ext5d$ comp>isons ( ! religion & c]emonies ( ! ,l5ape ) ^? ( o!r tribes w be attempt$ 9 ?is pap]1 ^! be+ res]v$ = a project$ article to embody ! results ( a comp>ative /udy ( ,l5ape culture4 ,m4 ,r4 ,,h>r+ton ,,religion ,,& ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,! ,,l5ape ,,by ,m4 ,r4 ,,h>r+ton ,,*apt] ,i ,,pan!on ,to ! m9d ( ! ,l5ape1 all ! ph5om5a ( nature1 all ! affairs ( mank9d1 9 fact ! entire _w z we "k x1 is "u ! control ( invisible be+s4 ,"s are great & p[]ful1 o!rs ( some:at less] influ5ce1 & s on d[n to ! humble spirits ( plants & /ones4 ,9 "s1 good seems to pr$om9ate1 9 o!rs1 evil2 b mo/ ( ! mant[k1 or spirits1 seem to be1 l mortals1 a mixture ( desirable & undesirable qualities4 ,,supreme ,,be+ ,all ! ,l5ape s f> que/ion$1 :e!r foll[]s ( ! native or ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 unite 9 say+ t _! p h always believ$ 9 a *ief ,manto1 a lead] ( all ! gods1 9 %ort1 9 a ,great ,_s or ,supreme ,be+1 ! o!r mant[k = ! great] "p be+ m]ely ag5ts appo9t$ by him4 ,8 "n1 accord+ to pres5t ,unami usage1 is ,gicelmkaong1 usually translat$1 8great _s10 b mean+ lit]ally1 8creator40 ,directly1 or ?r\gh ! mant[k 8 ag5ts1 he creat$ ! e>? & ev]y?+ 9 x1 & gave to ! ,l5ape all !y possess$1 8! trees1 ! wat]s1 ! fire t spr+s f fl9t1--ev]y?+40 ,to him ! p pray 9 _! greate/ c]emonies1 & give ?anks = ! b5efits he has giv5 !m4 ,mo/ ( _! direct wor%ip1 h[ev]1 is address$ to ! mant[k 8 ag5ts1 to :om he has giv5 *>ge ( ! elem5ts1 & ) :om ! p feel !y h a clos] p]sonal relation1 z _! actions are se5 9 e sunrise & ?und]/orm1 & felt 9 e w9d t bl[s across woodl& & prairie4 ,moreov]1 z ! ,creator lives 9 ! twelf? or highe/ heav5 above ! e>?1 x takes twelve %\ts or cries to rea* 8 e>4 ,an acc\nt ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,creator w be giv5 lat] 9 connection ) ! description ( ! ,annual ,c]emony4 ,! ,m9si _h simil> beliefs1 b ! curr5t "n = ! ,great ,_s 9 t dialect today is ,patmawas1 int]pret$ 8,he :o is petition$10 or ,ktantowt1 8,great ,_s40 ,x has be5 frequ5tly /at$ t ! concept ( a supreme be+ or *ief ( ! gods 0 n kn[n among ! ,am]ican tribes 9 precolonial times1 & t ! 8,great ,_s0 concept1 n[ widely di/ribut$ among ! ,indians1 is entirely ! result ( mission>y tea*+4 ,?is seems to h be5 ! case 9 "s in/ances1 b x is a mi/ake to assume su* a broad /atem5t z a g5]al rule1 on a priori gr\nds4 ,to ! ,indian m9d1 ! spirits or gods p>took l>gely ( ! nature ( mank9d--,:y c\ld n a *ief ( gods be z natural a concept z a *ief ( m58 ,9 ! case ( ! ,%awnee1 ! ,creator or ,great ,_s is usually spok5 ( z a woman1 8,our ,gr&mo!r ,pabo?kwe0--surely n a mission>y idea6 ,let u trace back ! ,great ,_s concept among ! ,l5ape1 & f9d :at ! e>ly writ]s say ab\t x4 ,p]haps ! e>lie/ is 9 ,dank] & ,sluyt]'s ,j\rnal#b ( ab\t #afgi1 9 :i* an old ,indian liv+ ne> ,b]g51 ,new ,j]sey1 is quot$ z say+3 8,! fir/ & great beg9n+ ( all ?+s1 0 ,kick]on or ,kick]om1 :o is ! orig9 ( all1 :o has n only once produc$ or made all ?+s1 b produces e day4444 ,he gov]ns all ?+s40 ,william ,p5n1#c 9 a lett] dat$ ,philadelphia1 ,augu/ #af1 #afhc1 says3 8,!y believe a ,god & ,immortality2 = !y say1 ,!re is a ,k+ t made !m1 :o dwells 9 a glori\s c\ntry to ! ,s\?w>d ( !m1 & t ! ,s\ls ( ! ,good %all g ?i!r1 :]e !y %all live aga940 ,fur!r confirmation is giv5 by ,holm#d 9 8 book fir/ publi%$ 9 #agjb1 :]e he says1 8,!y ackn[l$ge a ,supreme ,be+1 a ,great ,_s1 :o made ! heav5s & ! e>?40 ,zeisb]g]#e makes x ev5 /rong]1 = he wrote1 ab\t #aggi3 8,!y believe & h f "t immemorial believ$ t !re is an ,almighty ,be+ :o has creat$ heav5 & e>? & man & all ?+s else4 ,?is !y h le>n$ f _! ance/ors40 ,heckeweld]#f 7p4 #bje7 adds m details 9 8 book1 orig9ally publi%$ 9 #ahah3 8,_! ,almighty ,creator is always be=e _! eyes on all important occasions4 ,!y feel & ackn[l$ge 8 supreme p[]4444 ,x is a "p ( _! religi\s belief t !re are inf]ior ,mannitts1 to :om ! great & good ,be+ has giv5 comm& ov] ! elem5ts40 ,f9ally1 9 ! little "w o/5sibly dictat$ by ! ,m9si ,john ,wampum1#g kn[n z ,*ief ,waubuno1 undat$1 b probably pr9t$ 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 we h 8,! ,great ,_s1 :om we call 9 ,munsee or ,delaw>e ,kaunzhe ,pah-tum-owans or ,ka*eh ,munitto 7,great ,_s or ,b5evol5t ,_s71 creat$ ! ,indians40 ,?us we h a practically unbrok5 *a9 ( au?orities1 includ+ mo/ ( ! be/ ones s9ce #afgi1 all speak+ ( ! 8,great ,_s0 z a well-develop$ concept4 ,b ,bra9]d1#h writ+ 9 #agde1 is n s positive 9 8 /atem5ts1 = he speaks ( _! notions be+ 8s d>k & confus$1 t !y seem$ n to "k :at !y ?\ght !mselves40 ,he also says3 8,be=e ! com+ ( ! :ite p1 "s suppos$ !re 7 f\r invisible p[]s1 :o presid$ ov] ! f\r corn]s ( ! e>?4 ,o!rs imag9$ ! sun to be ! only deity1 & t all ?+s 7 made by him4 ,o!rs at ! same "t h a confus$ notion ( a c]ta9 body or f\nta9 ( deity1 some?+ l ! anima mundi40 ,lat] 7p4 #cdi7 he quotes a conv]t$ ,indian conjur]1 :o1 9 describ+ ! s\rce ( 8 =m] p[]1 tells h[ x came f 8a great man0 :o liv$ 9 a 8_w above at a va/ di/ance f ?is4 ,! great man 0 clo!d ) ! day2 yea1 ) ! brighte/ day he ev] saw 444 ?is :ole _w 444 0 drawn ^u him1 s t 9 him1 ! e>?1 & all ?+s on x1 might be se540 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,i ,,l5ape ,,man ,,& ,,woman ,,( ,,oklahoma ,,9 ,,c]emonial ,,co/ume a1 ,john ,&]son 7,witanaxkxw72 b1 ,mrs ,elkhair 7,kicilungonxkw7 ,p]haps1 z ,br9ton#i sugge/s1 ! orig9al ,great ,_s ( ! ,l5ape might really be call$ ! ,god ( ,light4 ,br9ton1 h[ev]1 does n ?9k t ?is ,_s ( ,light 0 ( necessity a good _s2 /ill1 ! ,l5ape today :o foll[ ! native religion1 ackn[l$g+ 8 goodness 9 _! c]emonies1 ?9k t 8! ,creator wants !m to d "r10 & !re is evid5ce#aj t ! idea ( goodness has be5 associat$ ) t ( ! ,great ,_s = a long "t4 ,assum+ t ! ,creator ( ! ,l5ape is ! ,god ( ,light1 :at is x t leads m5 to wor%ip ! s\rce ( light8 ,is x n ! self-evid5t b5efits connect$ ) light8 ,x seems to ! writ] t goodness necess>ily foll[s z an attribute ( su* a deity4 ,,evil ,,_s ,! case is diff]5t ) ! ,evil ,_s4 ,! mod]n ,l5ape 9 ,oklahoma make little m5tion ( an ,evil ,"o1 & ,james ,wolf1 my pr9cipal ,m9si in=mant1 did n speak ( su* a be+ at all1 b !re is "s evid5ce1 h[ev]1 to %[ ?is belief to exi/ among ! ,l5ape 9 m rec5t ye>s4 ,"s writ]s d inde$ make frequ5t m5tion ( 8! ,devil0 z figur+ 9 e>ly ,l5ape belief1 b !y translate ! ^w 8manto0 z hav+ t mean+1 :]eas x really signifies a sup]natural be+1 good or bad4 ,^! writ]s evid5tly reg>d$ z 8! ,devil0 any deity n fitt+ into ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,b ! real tru? seems to be t1 :ile 9 anci5t times c]ta9 mant[k1 or spirits1 7 suppos$ to "w evil1 ! ,devil 7along ) :iskey & o!r bless+s7 0 introduc$ by ! :ites4 ,! :ole matt] is well summ$ up by ,loskiel#aa :]e he says3 8,besides ! ,supreme ,be+1 !y believe 9 good & evil spirits1 consid]+ !m z subord9ate deities4444 ,!y seem to h _h no idea ( ! ,devil1 z ! ,pr9ce ( ,d>kness1 be=e ! ,europeans came into ! c\ntry40 ,?is idea is also support$ by ,zeisb]g]#ab & ,bra9]d1#ac al?\gh ,holm#ad seems to give contr>y evid5ce4 ,,man,,t[,k ,,( ,,! ,,f\r ,,directions ,! ,l5ape n[ 9 ,oklahoma believe t :5 ! e>? 0 creat$1 & ev]y?+ f9i%$1 ! ,creator gave ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>? to f\r p[]ful be+s1 or mant[k1 ^: duty x 0 to take c>e ( ^! regions4 ,^! p]sonages are ! cause ( ! w9ds :i* bl[ f ! diff]5t directions1 ) ! exception ( ! tornado1 :i* is ?\ght to h a diff]5t orig94 ,9 ! w9t]1 x is said t ! mant[k ( ! nor? & ! s\? are play+ ! game ( b[l & dice1 ) alt]nat+ =tunes4 ,:5 ! nor? w9d is successful x is cold = a long "t1 until ! s\? w9d w9s aga94 ,^! mant[k are call$ ,moxhomsa ,whnjiopng1 ,gr&fa!r at ! ,ea/2 ,nooma ,cawaneyng1 ,gr&mo!r at ! ,s\?2 ,moxhomsa ,eliosigak1 ,gr&fa!r at ! ,we/2 & ,moxhomsa ,l[aneyng1 ,gr&fa!r at ! ,nor?1 ! expression endaln t[iyn1 said to mean 8:o has *>ge ( x0 be+ frequ5tly add$ aft] ! "n4 ,^! are m5tion$ 9 ! ritual ( ! ,annual ,c]emony1 & ! p (t5 pray to !m :5 ga!r+ h]bs or prep>+ m$ic9es1 at ! same "t (f]+ tobacco4 ,! e>lie/ record ( ?is belief ?us f> f\nd dates f #afaf1 & :ile x does n conc]n ! ,l5ape prop]1 x illu/rates a simil> notion among a cognate p 9 ,virg9ia4 ,?is is 9 ,/ra*ey's "w1#ae 9 :i* he /ates1 8,! o!r f\r gods h no visible %ape1 b are inde$ ! f\r w9ds1 :i* keep ! f\r corn]s ( ! e>?40 ,bra9]d#af m5tions ! same belief z be+ an old "o among ! ,indians he knew1 :o 7 ma9ly ,l5ape1 & z ?is 0 9 #agde we h at lea/ a respectable antiquity e/abli%$ = 8,our ,gr&p>5ts at ! ,f\r ,directions40 ,loskiel also m5tions !m4#ag ,,! ,,sun ,to ! ,sun ! ,creator gave ! duty ( provid+ light = ! p4 ,! ,unami say t he is a v p[]ful manto1 & call him ,gckokwita4 ,!y speak ( him z always clo!d 9 ! f9e/ ( de]sk9 g>m5ts1 ) 8 face h&somely pa9t$1 & we>+ r$ fea!rs 9 8 hair4 ,e day he travels across ! heav5s f ea/ to we/1 /opp+ = a little :ile at mid-day1 !n go+ on4 ,at night he comes back "u ! e>?4 ,! ,m9si1 accord+ to ,james ,wolf1 call$ him ,kizho or ,kizhox1 & ,gickonkizho is ano!r ,unami =m ( ! "n4 ,:5 pray+ to ! ,sun1 ! ,l5ape usually address$ him z 8,eld] ,bro!r40 ,little is f\nd 9 e>ly writ+s conc]n+ ! wor%ip ( ! ,sun1 a m]e m5tion 9 ,bra9]d1#ah & ,loskiel1#ai by :om he is call$ 8! sun or ! god ( ! day40 ,,! ,,moon ,none ( my ,l5ape in=mants _h mu* to say ( ! ,moon1 except t x 0 reg>d$ z ! manto *>g$ ) ! duty ( supply+ light by night1 & t x 0 address$1 l ! ,sun1 z ,eld] ,bro!r4 ,x is m5tion$ z a god1 & call$ ! 8night sun0 by ,loskiel4#bj ,?is is express$ by ! ,unami "n ,piskew5ikizho4 ,,! ,,e>? ,"s ,l5ape speak ( ! e>? itself z a manto1 & call x 8,our ,"m0 because x c>ries & nurtures ! p1 hav+ be5 assign$ t duty by ! ,creator4 ,o!rs1 in/ead ( ! e>? itself1 m5tion a _s b5ea? or )9 ! e>?1 b app>5tly sep>ate f x4 ,! e>? is m5tion$ 9 a li/ ( gods by ,loskiel4#ba ,9 "s localities1 at lea/1 x 0 address$ 9 ! ,annual ,c]emony1 & ?anks 7 (f]$ to x = ! b5efits x gives to man4 ,,?und] ,,be+s ,p]haps ! mo/ important ( all ! subord9ate mant[k1 except+ only ! ,sun & possibly ! ,keep]s ( ! ,f\r ,directions1 7 ! ,?und] ,be+s1 to :om ! ,great ,_s gave ! duty ( wat]+ ! e>? & protect+ ! p aga9/ ,great ,horn$ ,wat]-s]p5ts & o!r mon/]s4 ,! ,unami told me t !y are call$ ,pe?ak[eyuk1 & are address$ z ,eld] ,bro!r4 ,!y are man-l be+s ) w+s1 & always c>ry a b[ & arr[s ) :i* !y c %att] trees4 ,:5 ! fir/ ?und] is he>d 9 spr+1 ! p say1 8,! ,spr+ ,fly+ ,?+s are com+0 & x makes !m feel glad to ?9k t w9t] is ne>ly ov]4 ,"s burn tobacco & pray to ! ,?und]s at ?is & o!r times1 & = ?is reason !y claim t ! lightn+ nev] us$ to /rike an ,indian or to de/roy ,indian prop]ty4 ,! late ,james ,wolf relat$ an int]e/+ ,?und] my?1 :i* w be f\nd 9 ! pap] on ,l5ape ,my?ology to appe> lat]1 /at+ t ! ,m9si call$ ! ,?und]s ,pileswak1 or ,pilesoak1 & believ$ !m to exi/ 9 ! =m ( gigantic p>tridges1 al?\gh really p]sons1 or r mant[k4 ,!y us$ to live 9 ,niag>a gorge b5ea? ! cat>act1 & c\ld sometimes be se5 com+ out1 9 ! =m ( a cl\d1 9 :i*1 z x rose1 a play ( lightn+ 0 visible4 ,!re 7 said to be ?ree b&s or p>ties ( ^! my/]i\s be+s1 ea* b& consi/+ ( ?ree ,?und]s4 ,zeisb]g]#bb says1 8,?und] is a mighty _s dwell+ 9 ! m\nta9s10 & ,heckeweld]1#bc 8,indians1 at ! approa* ( a /orm or ?und] gu/1 address ! ,mannitto ( ! air1 to av]t all dang] f !m40 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! e>ly writ]s d n seem to h notic$ ?is belief1 or h includ$ x loosely "u ! wor%ip ( 8gods0 repres5t+ ! elem5ts4 ,,keep]s ,,( ,,! ,,heav5s ,! ,l5ape n[ 9 ,oklahoma believe t ea* ( ! twelve heav5s1 9 ! highe/ ( :i* lives ! ,great ,_s1 is presid$ ov] by a manto :o s]ves z a mess5g] to repeat ! pray]s ( m5 until !y rea* ! e> ( ! ,creator4 ,!y are repres5t$ by ! c>v$ faces ^u ! po/s inside ! temple1 & are m5tion$ 9 ! ritual ( ! ,annual ,c]emony4 ,i c f9d no m5tion ( !m 9 e>ly acc\nts ( ! ,l5ape1 h[ev]1 unless ! twelve gods m5tion$ by ,loskiel1#bd mo/ ( :om h already be5 spok5 ( 9 ?is *apt]1 may repres5t ! same concept4 ,! ,l5ape today speak ( ^! z be+ relat$ to ! ,liv+ ,solid ,face1 :o w n[ claim our att5tion4 ,m,,s+h,,li,k,n1 ,,or ,,liv+ ,,solid ,,face ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,mask ( ! ,oklahoma ,l5ape4 7,height1 #ad4e 947 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,rattle ( turtle%ell us$ by ,msing4 7,l5g?1 #af4g 947 ,! mo/ rem>kable deity ( ! ,l5ape is ! ,mask ,be+1 call$ by ! ,unami ,ms+hlikn1 :i* 0 int]pret$ z 8,liv+ ,mask10 or 8,liv+ ,solid ,face40 ,accord+ to ! ,unami1 ?is be+ 0 made gu>dian by ! ,creator ( all ! wild animals ( ! =e/1 & is sometimes se5 rid+ ab\t on ! back ( a buck1 h]d+ ! de]2 b he lives 9 a range ( rocky m\nta9s above ! e>?4 ,8 face is l>ge & r\nd1 ! "r half be+ pa9t$ r$1 ! left black1 :ile 8 body is cov]$ ) long d>k hair l t ( a be>4 ,unlike mo/ ( ! deities 9 ! ,l5ape pan!on1 he is repres5t$ by a 8grav5 image10 a huge wood5 mask1 pa9t$ half r$ & half black 7fig4 #a72 :i* is left 9 *>ge ( "s family :o w take good c>e ( x1 & burn ,indian tobacco = x f "t to "t4 ,) ! mask is kept a coat & legg+s ( be>sk9 to repres5t ! be+'s hairy body1 a peculi> rattle ( turtle%ell 7fig4 #b71 a /ick1 & a bag made ( be>sk91 all us$ by ! man select$ to imp]sonate ,ms+hlikn at ! v>i\s c]emonies :5 he is suppos$ to appe>1 & :i* w be describ$ lat]4 ,to ! back ( ! mask is fa/5$ ! sk9 ( ! be>'s head1 :i* effectually conceals ! head & neck ( ! imp]sonator 7pl4 ,,ii71 :ile ! be>'s e>s1 project+1 add to ! uncanny effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,ii ,,co/ume ,,worn ,,by ,,imp]sonator ,,( ,m,,s+h,,li,k,n ,if any ,l5ape _h a *ild :o 0 weak1 sickly1 or disob$i5t1 he w\ld s5d ^w to ! keep] ( ! mask t he want$ ,ms+hlikn to 8att5d 8 *ild40 ,x is said t x did n take ! imp]sonator long to fright5 ! weakness1 sickness1 or laz9ess out ( ! *ild1 s t !nce=? x w\ld be /rong & well1 & w\ld obey on ! in/ant :5 ask$ to d any?+4 ,?is effect 0 probably /r5g!n$ by ! "m say+1 8,if y don't behave1 ,msing w c>ry y (f 9 a bag full ( snakes60 ,?is seems to be ! only trace ( ! doctor+ function ( ! mask among ! ,unami4 ,!y also say t :5 ! keep] burns tobacco = ,ms+hlikn & asks = good luck 9 hunt+1 8x turns out t way e "t20 & if anyone has lo/ ei!r horses or cattle1 :e!r by /ray+ away or ?r\gh !ft1 he c g to ! keep] ( ! ,msing ) "s tobacco & recov] !m4 ,all he has to d is to expla9 8 err& to ! keep]1 :o 9 turn in=ms ,ms+hlikn t !y want him to look = ^! p>ticul> animals4 ,! los] !n goes home1 & 9 a few days ! miss+ /ock return1 driv5 back by ?is my/]i\s be+4 ,if !y 7 ti$ or hobbl$1 x is said t ! ,msing appe>s to !m & s fright5s !m t !y break loose & come home4 ,ms+hlikn has a special c]emony1 held 9 ! spr+1 & also p>ticipates 9 ! ,annual ,c]emony at ! ,big ,h\se4 ,?is ,msing is also call$ ,weoplakis1 to di/+ui% x f ano!r1 kept by a diff]5t family1 :i* 0 n s important1 & ab\t :i* little 0 kn[n by my in=mants except t1 )9 _! memories1 x _h nev] appe>$ at ! ,annual ,c]emony1 b t x probably _h a spr+ dance ( its own4 ,!re is an indi/9ct tradition1 h[ev]1 t 9 =m] times sev]al masks 7 se5 at ! ,annual ,c]emony1 & t half a day 0 giv5 up to !m4 ,m9iature masks 7fig4 #c7 7 (t5 worn on ! p]son z heal? or good-luck *>ms1 9 =m] days usually susp5d$ f a /r+ ab\t ! neck1 b 9 lat] times c>ri$ 9 ! pocket4 ,! two l>ge ,unami masks 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation1 are %[n 9 pl4 ,,ii & fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--;,*>m repres5t+ ,ms+hlikn4 7,height1 #a4i 947 ,among ! ,m9si !re are consid]able diff]5ces 9 belief & 9 practice1 _! masks resembl+ ^? ( ! ,iroquois 9 _m p>ticul>s4 ,! late ,james ,wolf said t 8,miz9khlikn0 0 suppos$ to live among ! rocks on a hill1 :]e he 0 fir/ se51 & told ! p h[ to obta9 8 p[]4 ,! mask own]s =m$ a society1 :i* _h a special meet+-h\se & c]emonies1 & ^: *ief function x 0 to expell disease4 ,?is w be discuss$ fur!r 9 ano!r pap]4 ,pet] ,jones#be illu/rates two ,m9si masks 9 use 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & ^! are "h reproduc$ 7pl4 ,,iii74 ,! fir/ he calls a 8,muncey idol10 & says t x 0 8deliv]$ up by ,joe ,ni*olas on 8 ,conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity10 & t 8,me ,ze5gk is ! "n ( ?is ,god02 :ile ! second1 :i* he names 8a ,muncey devil idol10 8=m]ly belong+ to ! ,logan family10 0 8deliv]$ up on ! #bf? ( ,jan4 #ahdb40 ,jones does n ref] to ^! 8idols0 9 ! text4 ,! second mask illu/rat$ seems to h a turtle%ell rattle ti$ on its back1 ! h&le project+ d[nw>d4 ,ano!r mask1 f\nd by ! writ] among ! ,l5ape at ,gr& riv]1 ,ont>io1 & app>5tly ( ,m9si type1 is %[n 9 fig4 #d4 ,x 0 collect$ = ,mr4 ,e4 ,t4 ,tefft1 ( ,new ,york1 b is n[ 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,iii ,,masks ,,( ,,! ,,m9si 7,,aft] ,,pet] ,,jones7 ,"s ( our be/ evid5ce indicat+ ! e>ly exi/5ce ( belief 9 ?is ,mask ,be+ among ! ,l5ape is furni%$ by ar*eology--by ! f9d+ ( a numb] ( heads or masks ( /one 7pl4 ,,iv7 )9 ! b\nd>ies ( _! =m] doma9 9 ,new ,j]sey & ! vic9ity1#bf :i*1 :5 ! r>ity ( su* objects 9 ! surr\nd+ regions is also consid]$1 seems q significant4 ,su* /one heads ev5 m>k ! trail ( ! ,l5ape )drawal we/w>d ?r\gh ,p5nsylvania1#bg & h ev5 be5 f\nd 9 ,ohio1 :]e !y l+]$ = a "t 7fig4 #e74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--,mask f ! ,canadian ,l5ape4 ,e4 ,t4 ,tefft collection1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 7,height ( head1 #ad 947 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--,/one head or ,msing f ,ohio4 7,height1 #ac4i 947 ,! be/ e>ly description is giv5 by ,bra9]d1#bh :o1 9 ,may #agde1 :ile on ! ,susquehanna above ! ,engli% settlem5ts1 saw a mask$ ,indian :o mu/ h be5 an imp]sonator ( ,ms+hlikn4 ,x runs3 8,b ( all ! sights ,i saw among !m1 or inde$ any:]e else1 none appe>$ s frightful 444 z ! appe>ance ( "o :o 0 a dev\t & zeal\s ,re=m]1 or r1 re/or] ( :at he suppos$ 0 ! anci5t religion ( ! ,indians4 ,he made 8 appe>ance 9 8 pontifical g>b1 :i* 0 a coat ( be> sk9s1 dress$ ) ! hair on1 & hang+ d[n to 8 toes2 a pair ( be> sk9 /ock+s2 & a great wood5 face pa9t$1 ! "o half black1 ! o!r half tawny1 ab\t ! color ( an ,indian's sk91 ) an extravagant m\?1 cut v mu* awry2 ! face fa/5$ to a be> sk9 cap1 :i* 0 drawn ov] 8 head4 ,he advanc$ t[>d me ) ! in/rum5t 9 8 h&1 :i* he us$ = music1 9 8 idolatr\s wor%ip1 :i* 0 a dry tortoise %ell ) "s corn 9 x1 & ! neck ( x drawn on to a piece ( wood1 :i* made a v conv5i5t h&le4 ,z he came =w>d1 he beat 8 tune ) ! rattle1 & danc$ ) all 8 might1 b he did n suff] any "p ( 8 body1 n s mu* z 8 f+]s1 to be se540 ,) ! exception ( "o m9or po9t1 ! 8wry m\?10 ?is w\ld be a good description ( ! ,msing outfit us$ until rec5tly by ! ,l5ape 9 ,oklahoma 7pl4 ,,ii74 ,on ! foll[+ page1 ,bra9]d m5tions 8images0 :i* seem to be ! ,msing faces c>v$ on ! po/s ( ! ,big ,h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,iv ,,/one ,,head ,,or ,m,,si,,ng1 ,,f ,,/at5 ,,isl&1 ,n4 ,y4 7,/at5 ,isl& ,in/itute ( ,art & ,sci5ce7 ,zeisb]g]#bi also ref]s to ! masks 9 ^! words3 8,! only idol :i* ! ,indians h1 & :i* may prop]ly be call$ an idol1 is _! ,ws9khoalican1 t is image4 ,x is an image cut 9 wood1 repres5t+ a human head 9 m9iature1 :i* !y always c>ry ab\t !m ei!r on a /r+ ar\nd _! neck or 9 a bag4 ,!y (t5 br+ (f]+s to x4 ,9 _! h\ses ( sacrifice !y h a head ( ?is idol z l>ge z life put ^u a pole 9 ! middle ( ! room40 ,9 8 ,diction>y1 ,zeisb]g] gives ! ^w = 8idol0 z ms9k1 s x seems probable t ! ,w 9 8,ws9khoalikan0 is a mispr9t = ,m4 ,,"m ,,corn ,"o ( ! important mant[k ( ! old days 0 ! ,corn ,goddess1 kn[n z 8,"m ,corn0 ( :om "o ( ! ,unami leg5ds collect$ by ! writ] relates t 8,x 0 ,god's w t ! ,corn ,_s abide 9 ! f> heav5ly region 9 ! image ( an ag$ woman1 ) dom9ion ov] all vegetation40 ,al?\gh little remembrance ( ! details ( h] wor%ip c n[ be f\nd among ! ,oklahoma ,l5ape1 %e is m5tion$ z a ,gu>dian ,_s2 :ile at ! ,m9si c]emonies at ,gr& ,riv] ,res]ve 9 ,ont>io1 %e 0 "o ( ! twelve b5efactors ( mank9d to :om ! ?anks ( ! p 7 (f]$1 & ,m9si wom5 m5tion$ 8,si/] ,corn0 9 pray+ = good crops 9 ! corn fields2 :ile ,zeisb]g]#cj says t ! presid+ ,manto ( ,indian ,corn or maize 0 spok5 ( z ! 8wife0 ( ! ,indian1 & 0 (f]$ be>'s fle%4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,m9or ,,deities ,,doll ,,be+ ,! masks describ$ 9 ! la/ *apt] are m]ely repres5tations ( a sup]natural be+1 & are n suppos$ to be ! dwell+s ( a _s or spirits except :5 worn by an imp]sonator1 :o is said to become imbu$ ) ! _s :5 ! mask is donn$2 nor are !y usually suppos$ to possess inh]5t p[]1 except z symbols ( ,ms+hlikn4 ,b ! ,l5ape _h also a class ( images1 usually ( wood1 repres5t+ ! human =m1 :i* 7 suppos$ to possess life1 or at lea/ to be ! resid5ce ( spirits1 :i*1 s f> z c be le>n$1 _h no sep>ate exi/5ce4 ,!y 7 suppos$ to und]/& :at 0 said to !m1 & to h ! p[] ( protect+ ! own]'s heal?1 to enjoy (f]+s1 res5t ill-treatm5t1 & 9 fact seem to fall into ! class ( true feti%es4 ,usually1 b n always1 repres5t+ ! female figure1 !y 7 kept z a rule by wom51 & 7 giv5 ye>ly fea/s1 at :i* outfits ( new clo!s 7 put on !m4 ,! native "n 9 ,unami is ,odas2 9 ,m9si1 ,nanits4 ,! c]emonies & beliefs associat$ ) !m w be describ$ lat]1 9 ! *apt] on m9or c]emonies4 ,mo/ ( ! e>ly writ]s seem to h ov]look$ !m1 :i* is n surpris+1 s9ce !y 7 matt]s ( p]sonal & n ( public conc]n1 & _! rites 7 held 9 private4 ,john ,bra9]d1 h[ev]1 m5tions an 8idol image0#ca :i* seems to be ( ?is class1 & a ,m9si specim5 is figur$ by ,pet] ,jones#cb & m5tion$ by him 9 a footnote4 ,?is 0 aft]w>d procur$ by ! writ] f ,jones' son1 & is n[ 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory 7pl4 ,,viii74 ,john ,bra9]d 7bro!r ( ! bett] kn[n ,david7 made 8 note ( ! cu/om ab\t ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :ile t ( ,jones dates f ab\t a c5tury lat]4 ,,tornado ,besides ! gods hi!rto nam$ !re 7 _m o!r deities ( less] importance4 ,! tornado1 = in/ance1 0 "o ( ^! be+s class$ z mant[k4 ,he is m5tion$ z a giant 9 size1 walk+ on 8 h&s :5 9 action1 8 long hair entangl+ & sweep+ away =e/s & villages2 & sometimes z a w+$ be+4 ,:5 a 8cyclone0 0 se5 approa*+1 "s w\ld burn tobacco1 & address+ ! ro>+ mon/]1 z 8,gr&fa!r10 w\ld pray t he turn aside & leave ! village 9 peace4 ,o!rs1 scorn+ su* measures ( conciliation1 w\ld burn old moccas9s & rubbi%1 advis+ ! de/roy] to turn aside if he wi%$ to escape ! /++ smoke2 :ile /ill o!rs1 ev5 less conciliatory1 ?reat5$ him ) ! edge ( an axe1 v[+ !y w\ld 8break a w+ = him0 if he came _! way4 ,x 0 commonly said 9 ! tribe t on acc\nt ( ^! practices ! ,l5ape suff]$ little f ?is evil manto4 ,,sn[ ,,boy ,ano!r m9or manto is ,sn[ ,boy1 a be+ :o is suppos$ to control sn[ & ice1 b :o is diff]5t f 8,our ,gr&fa!r at ! ,nor?10 :o m]ely supplies ! nor? w9d4 ,(f]+s 7 made to ,sn[ ,boy to insure a prop] am\nt ( sn[ = track+ 9 ! w9t] hunt4 ,fur!r in=mation conc]n+ ^! la/ two mant[k w be f\nd 9 ! pap] on ,l5ape ,my?ology1 n[ 9 prep>ation4 ,,comet ,!re is a ?ird manto call$ ,elaunato1 :i* "s ,l5ape say means 8,comet10 o!rs 8,%oot+ ,/>40 ,:5 a w> is imp5d+1 says ! leg5d1 ?is be+ may be se5 fly+ ?r\gh ! air1 c>ry+ a bun* ( human heads4 ,aft] ,elaunato has pass$1 if "o li/5s he w he> a di/ant rumbl+ s\nd1 = ?is manto kn[s be=eh& :]e ! fight+ w take place1 & drops ! heads on ! spot1 & ! noise ( _! fall is a ro> l ?und]4 ,,evil ,,man,,t[,k ,bo? ! ,great ,horn$ ,s]p5ts1 mon/]s liv+ 9 ! riv]s & lakes1 & ! ,giant ,be> 7 consid]$ evil mant[k1 ! only good d]iv$ f !m be+1 9 ! fir/ case1 *>ms made ( ! scales1 bone1 or horn ( ! mon/]s1 suppos$ to br+ ra92 &1 9 ! second case1 a m$ic9e made f ! too? said to h ! p[] ( heal+ w\nds4 ,*ildr5 7 accu/om$ to hunt 9 ! s& = tracks ( ! ,little ,p1 comp>able ) fairies or elves among ! :ites4 ,,animal ,,spirits ,! concepts reg>d+ ! num]\s animal spirits :o 7 believ$ to (f] !mselves z gu>dians = mank9d1 are r h>d to def9e4 ,mo/ ,indians seem to reg>d _! my/]i\s animal help] n z ! _s or s\l ( any p>ticul> animal tak5 z an individual1 b z a _s repres5t+ ! entire species z a :ole & p>tak+ ( ! nature ( ! species1 at ! same "t hav+ human & manto attributes4 ,bra9]d#cc makes "s int]e/+ rem>ks on ?is subject1 :i* are wor? quot+3 8,!y d n inde$ suppose a div9e p[] ess5tial to1 or inh]+ 91 ^! creatures2 b t "s invisible be+s 444 communicate to ^! animals a great p[]2 444 & s make ^! creatures ! imm$iate au?ors ( good to c]ta9 p]sons4 ,:5ce su* a creature becomes sacr$ to ! p]sons to :om he is suppos$ to be ! imm$iate au?or ( good1 & ?r\gh him !y mu/ wor%ip ! invisible p[]s1 ?\gh to o!rs he is no m ?an any o!r creature40 ,c]ta9 x is1 if a ,l5ape /ates t 8 bless+ or p[] comes f 8! ott]10 he does n mean "s p>ticul> ott]1 b a _s ott] ^: exi/5ce is indep5d5t ( ! life ( any p>ticul> animal4 ,h[ev]1 su* an animal 0 suppos$1 l a man1 to h a _s or s\l ( its own4 ,,plant ,,spirits ,:5 ga!r+ h]bs = m$ic9e x 0 cu/om>y to (f] pray]s to c]ta9 spirits4 ,"s seem to h pray$ at ?is "t to ! f\r directions1 o!rs to ! presid+ g5ius ( ! species ( plants !y s\ght1 or to ! _s ( ! individual plant itself4 ,! ,m9si say t only c]ta9 plants 7 ?us address$4 ,! ,corn ,_s has already be5 m5tion$4 ,,local ,,g5ii ,c]ta9 localities1 x is said1 7 ?\ght to be ! dwell+s ( local g5ii1 to :om (f]+s 7 occasionally made1 especially su* places z display$ curi\s or unusual natural features1 :ile ev5 c]ta9 /ones 7 said to h an animate pr9ciple or indwell+ _s4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,survival ,,( ,,! ,,s\l ,,! ,,s\l ,! doctr9e ( ! survival ( ! s\l or _s aft] ! dea? ( ! body1 =ms an integral "p ( ,l5ape belief4 ,! _s is suppos$ to leave ! body at ! mom5t ( dissolution1 b rema9s 9 ! vic9ity elev5 days1 dur+ :i* "t x subsi/s on food f\nd 9 ! h\ses ( ! liv+1 if none has be5 plac$ at ! grave4 ,"s say t ! actual food is n consum$ b t ! gho/ extracts "s ess5ce or n\ri%m5t f x4 ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,spirits ,on ! twelf? day ! _s leaves ! e>? & makes its way to ! twelf? or highe/ heav51 ! home ( ! ,creator1 :]e x lives indef9itely 9 a v]itable 8,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd10 a beautiful c\ntry :]e life goes on mu* z x does on e>?1 except t pa91 sickness1 & sorr[ are unkn[n1 & di/a/eful "w & worry h no place2 :]e *ildr5 %all meet _! p>5ts :o h gone be=e1 & p>5ts _! *ildr52 :]e ev]y?+ always looks new & bright4 ,!re is no sun 9 ! ,l& ( ,spirits1 b a bright] light :i* ! ,creator has provid$4 ,all p :o die "h1 be !y "y or old1 w look ! same age !re1 & ! bl9d1 cripples1--anyone :o has be5 maim$ or injur$1--w be p]fect & z good z any !re4 ,?is is because ! fle% only 0 injur$1 n ! _s4 ,?is p>adise1 h[ev]1 is only = ! good1 = ^? :o h be5 k9d to _! fell[s & h done _! duty by _! p4 ,little is said ( ^? :o h done evil 9 ?is _w1 except t !y are exclud$ f ! happy ,l& ( ,spirits4 ,"s ,unami say t ! blood 9 a dead body draws up into globul> =m & floats ab\t 9 ! air z a lum9\s ball1 b ?is is n ! true _s4 ,! ,m9si seem to h reta9$ a m ar*aic belief1 = !y say t ! ,l& ( ,spirits lies to ! s\?we/1 9 a c\ntry ( good hunt+4 ,"h !y say1 ! wigwams ( ! spirits are always neat & clean1 & happ9ess prevails4 ,b betwe5 our _w & ! _s c\ntry fl[s a riv] :i* ! _s mu/ cross on a sl5d] foot-log or 9 a canoe4 ,,gho/s ,,& ,,m$ium%ip ,gho/s d n seem always to h left ! e>? at ! expiration ( ! twelve days1 or else !y h ! p[] ( return+1 = ! ,l5ape claim t boys1 dream+ = p[]1 h sometimes be5 piti$ & giv5 "s bless+ by ! gho/s1 :o rema9$ _! gu>dian spirits ?r\gh life4 ,su* p 7 consid]$ to h ! p[] ( talk+ ) ! dep>t$ & sometimes made a practice ( x1 b m$ium%ip 0 by no means conf9$ to !m4 ,among ! ,m9si =m]ly !y 7 accu/om$ to hold meet+s 9 ! burial gr\nds at c]ta9 times1 :5 "s m$ium1 x is said1 w\ld communicate ) ! spirits4 ,! late ,james ,wolf1 "o ( ! pr9cipal ,m9si in=mants1 0 said to h ?is p[]4 ,"o "t a man 0 dr[n$ 9 ! ,?ames riv] ne> ,munceyt[n 9 ,ont>io1 & ! body c\ld n be locat$4 ,wolf1 x is said1 walk$ up & d[n ! riv]-banks1 ) a companion1 talk+ to ! wat]4 ,at la/ a /range s\nd 0 he>d1 & ,wolf /opp$4 8,t 0 ! dead man's _s10 he said2 8! body lies "r ov] 9 t hole40 ,surely en\gh1 :5 !y procur$ a boat1 !y f\nd ! body 9 ! hole1 w$g$ b5ea? a sunk5 log4 ,c]ta9 regul> c]emonies 7 held by bo? ! ,unami & ! ,m9si 9 honor ( ! dead1 & w be discuss$ 9 a lat] pap]4 ,,e>ly ,,acc\nts ,p5n4--,9 ,william ,p5n's lett]1#cd dat$ ,augu/ #af1 #afhc1 is ! fir/ m5tion ( any details ( ,l5ape beliefs reg>d+ ! s\l t has be5 f\nd4 ,he says3 8,!y say !re is a ,k+ t made !m1 :o dwells 9 a glori\s ,c\ntry to ! ,s\?w>d ( !m1 & t ! ,s\ls ( ! ,good %all g ?i!r1 :]e !y %all live aga940 ,bra9]d4--,! same ,indian :om ,bra9]d saw 9 #agde dress$ 9 a be>sk9 co/ume & ) a wood5 mask1 told him#ce t-- 8dep>t$ s\ls all w5t s\?w>d1 & t ! diff]5ce betwe5 good & bad 0 ?is3 t ! =m] 7 admitt$ into a beautiful t[n ) spiritual walls1 & t ! latt] w\ld =ev] hov] ar\nd ^! walls1 9 va9 attempts to get 940 ,lat]1#cf ,bra9]d speaks ( ! ,_s ,l& ( ! ,l5ape to ! s\?w>d z be+ 8an unkn[n & curi\s place0 9 :i* ! %ad[s ( ! dead 8w enjoy "s k9d ( happ9ess1 su* z hunt+1 fea/+1 danc+1 & ! l40 ,"o ( 8 ,indian in=mants def9$ ! k9d ( 8bad folks0 :o w\ld be unhappy 9 ! h]eaft] z 8^? :o lie1 /eal1 qu>rel ) _! neighbors1 are unk9d to _! fri5ds1 & especially to ag$ p>5ts1 &1 9 a ^w1 su* z are a plague to mank9d40 ,^! w\ld be exclud$ f ! 8,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd10 n s mu* z a puni%m5t to !mselves1 z to keep !m f r5d]+ unhappy ! spirits ( ! good inhabit+ ! 8beautiful t[n40 ,zeisb]g]4--,ab\t #agdh1 accord+ to ,zeisb]g]1#cg a numb] ( prea*]s appe>$ among ! ,indians1 :o claim$ to h travel$ 9 ,heav5 & conv]s$ ) ,god4 ,"s exhibit$ *>ts ( de]sk9 ^u :i* 7 drawn maps ( ! ,l& ( ,spirits & figures repres5t+ o!r subjects us$ 9 _! prea*+4 ,"s ( _! ideas conc]n+ ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,devil1 & ,hell1 are evid5tly d]iv$ f ! :ites2 o!rs seem m aborig9al 9 "*1 su* z purification by emetics1 twelve diff]5t k9ds be+ us$4 ,he wrote3 8,o!r tea*]s pret5d$ t /ripes 7 ! mo/ effectual means to purge away s94 ,!y advis$ _! he>]s to suff] !mselves to be beat5 ) twelve diff]5t /icks f ! soles ( _! feet to _! necks1 t _! s9s might pass f !m ?r\gh _! ?roats4 ,!y prea*$ a sy/em ( morals1 v sev]e = ! savages1 insi/+ t ! ,indians ab/a9 f =nication1 adult]y1 murd]1 !ft1 & practise virtu\s liv+ z ! condition to _! atta9+ aft] dea? ! place ( good spirits1 :i* !y call ,ts*ipeghacki1 ! #8l& ( spirits1' :]e ! life is happy1 & de]1 be> & all mann] ( game are abundant & ! wat] is l cry/al4 ,!re n\ght 0 to be he>d save s++1 danc+ & m]ry mak+4444 ,! passage ?i!r is ! ,milky ,way4444 ,:oev] rea*es t place w f9d a city ( beautiful h\ses & clean /reets4 ,ent]+ a h\se he w see no "o1 b h good ?+s to eat plac$ be=e him1 a fire made & a b$ prep>$--all ( :i* is done by spirits invisible to him4 ,o!rs ass]t t su* an "o w see ! wom5 com+ ) baskets on _! backs full ( /rawb]ries & bilb]ries1 l>ge z apples1 & w obs]ve ! inhabitants daily appe> 9 f9e raim5t & live a life ( rejoic+4--,! bad ,indians 444 w n rea* ! place1 ,ts*ipeghacki1 b mu/ rema9 "s di/ance away1 able to see ^? )9 dwell+ happily1 b n able to ent]4 ,!y w\ld receive no?+ b poison\s wood & poison\s roots to eat1 hold+ !m ev] ne> ! br9k ( a bitt] dea?1 b n suff]+ !m to die40 ,zeisb]g] usually specifies :5 8 in=mation is d]iv$ f tribes o!r ?an ! ,l5ape1 f :om mo/ ( 8 data 7 procur$2 s x is probable t ! foll[+ quotation applies to !m1 al?\gh 9 "p some:at at v>iance ) our o!r k4 ,he says3#ch 8,!y believe 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,"s lik5 !mselves to corn :i*1 :5 ?r[n out & buri$ 9 ! soil1 comes up & gr[s4 ,"s believe _! s\ls to be 9 ! sun1 & only _! bodies "h4 ,o!rs say t :5 !y die _! s\ls w g to ,god1 & suppose t :5 !y h be5 "s "t ) ,god !y w be at lib]ty to return to ! _w & be born aga94 ,h5ce _m believe 444 t !y may h be5 9 ! _w be=e4 8,!y believe also 9 ! transmigration ( ! s\l4 ,w&]+ spirits & gho/s1 !y claim1 sometimes ?r[ some?+ into a public pa? & :oev] goes ov] x is bewit*$ & becomes lame or ill40 ,su* 0 ! ,l5ape belief ) reg>d to ! p[]s t control ! _w1 & su* 7 8 notions conc]n+ ! s\ls ( m54 ,! ma9 *annel ( communication betwe5 ?is great sup]natural realm & mank9d 01 to ! ,l5ape z to s _m o!r tribes ( ,indians1 ! dream or vision1 exp]i5c$ ei!r :ile fa/+ or 9 natural sleep4 ,?is subject w be consid]$ 9 ! next *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,visions ,,& ,,gu>dian ,,spirits ,! mo/ vital & intimate phase ( ,l5ape religion is ! belief 9 dreams & visions1 & 9 ! exi/5ce ( p]sonal gu>dian spirits or sup]natural help]s--concepts ( wide di/ribution among ! ,nor? ,am]ican tribes1 b r>ely1 p]haps1 s vivid or well-develop$ z we f9d !m "h4 ,! vision 0 ! po9t ( contact1 ! *annel ( communication1 9 ,l5ape belief1 betwe5 ! great & m>vel\s sup]natural _w & ! sph]e ( ev]yday human life4 ,9 a vision ! y\? fir/ f\nd 8 gu>dian _s1 to :om he w\ld always appeal1 z 8 own special fri5d 9 ! sup]natural hi]>*y1 = aid & com=t 9 "t ( tr\ble1 & = ! revelation ( com+ ev5ts4 ,he felt t ?is be+ took a close p]sonal int]e/ 9 8 affairs1 :ile ! great] gods1 includ+ ! ,great ,_s himself1 7 s remote & s occupi$ ) controll+ m important ?+s t !y might n notice or conc]n !mselves ) ! affairs ( "o individual man4 ,!re=e ! bulk ( 8 pray]s & (f]+s w5t to 8 gu>dian _s4 ,if a ,l5ape won great success on a w> exp$ition or a hunt+ trip1 he 0 sure ! _s _h help$ him2 if unlucky1 he believ$ t = "s reason 8 gu>dian _h become e/rang$1 or _h be5 ov]p[]$ by sup]ior & malevol5t =ces4 ,a man might become a sorc]] or a %aman at ! behe/ ( 8 gu>dian _s1 giv5 9 a dream or vision1 or *ange 8 mode ( life 9 o!r ways4 ,n e ,l5ape 0 bless$ ) su* a gu>dian2 yet _m 7 s favor$1 usually 9 _! boyhood days4 ,to be eligible = sup]natural favor1 ! y\? _h to be pils1 or pure1 :i* means t n only mu/ he be *a/e1 b t he mu/ h kept /rictly all ! taboos aga9/ eat+ food prep>$ by wom5 9 _! p]iodic condition1 etc4 ,old ,l5ape say t1 z ! *ildr5 ( ! tribe are re>$ n[adays 9 ! same way z ! :ites1 !y c no long] be pils1 & ! ,p[]s w speak to !m no m4 ,?is is a sad matt]1 = x means ! loss ( _! pr9cipal anci5t c]emonies1 at :i* only ^? bless$ ) a vision c take active "p4 ,! old p feel x ke5ly t !re w be no "o left to conduct ! rites :5 ! la/ ( _! g5]ation has be5 laid away4 ,,initiation ,,( ,,boys ,p>5ts 7 especially anxi\s1 ( c\rse1 t _! sons %\ld h sup]natural aid1 h5ce1 :5 a boy rea*$ ! age ( ab\t twelve ye>s1 !y w\ld frequ5tly pret5d to abuse him1 & w\ld drive him1 fa/+1 out into ! =e/ to %ift z be/ he might1 9 ! hope t "s manto w\ld take pity on ! suff]+ *ild & grant him "s p[] or bless+ t w\ld be 8 dep5d5ce ?r\gh life4 ,sometimes a man :o _h sev]al sons w\ld take !m out into ! =e/ & build !m a rude little t5t1 & "h !y w\ld rema9 = days at a "t4 ,dur+ ! day ! boys 7 n p]mitt$ to eat1 b j be=e sunrise e morn+ ea* 0 giv5 a m$ic9e to make him vomit1 aft] :i* a t9y piece ( meat 0 giv5 him1 ab\t ! size ( a man's little f+]4 ,occasionally ! boys became able to fa/ 9 ?is way = twelve days1 at ! end ( :i* "t1 ! ,l5ape say1 "s _h receiv$ su* p[] t !y 7 able to rise into ! air1 or g d[n into ! gr\nd1 or prophesy ev5ts a ye> or two ahead1 ) ! magic aid ( ! sup]natural be+ t _h tak5 pity on !m4 ,,o!r ,,visions ,x sometimes happ5$ also t p receiv$ visions ( p[] 9 natural sleep )\t fa/+1 or ev5 :5 wide awake1 :ile feel+ melan*oly & he>tsick ov] ! dea? ( a lov$ "o1 or suff]+ o!r mis=tune or tr\ble4 ,z !y sat brood+1 "s manto might address himself to !m1 & give !m advice & com=t1 or end[ !m ) "s k9d ( p[]4 ,wom5 occasionally _h visions ( ?is k9d4 ,,! ,,gu>dian ,,_s ,:atev] ! precise circum/ances ( its appe>ance1 ! gu>dian _s 9 _m in/ances 0 said to %[ itself fir/ 9 human =m1 & x 0 only :5 x turn$ to leave t its real %ape 7( an animal1 = in/ance7 0 notic$ by ! recipi5t ( its bless+4 ,sometimes ! int]view 0 q long & ! directions giv5 by ! manto 7= c]emonies1 etc47 q explicit2 on o!r occasions !y 7 v vague & cryptic4 ,frequ5tly1 accord+ to ! /ories told1 "s tangible object1 call$ by ! ,unami ! opina1 or bless+1 0 h&$ by ! manto to ! recipi5t ( 8 favor1 :o usually swall[$ x4 ,"s recipi5ts 7 call$ on1 h[ev]1 to make & keep "s symbol ( _! protector1 :i* 0 usually worn on ! p]son 9 ! =m ( a *>m4 ,,favor$ ,,individuals4--,p]sons favor$ ) a gu>dian _s usually became prom95t among _! p & 7 held 9 high e/eem4 ,!y compos$ ry?mic *ants ref]r+ to _! visions = use at ! ,annual ,c]emony 7:i* w be discuss$ 9 ! next *apt]71 & dance songs to accompany !m4 ,r>ely 7 ! words ( ei!r *ants or songs at all def9ite3 z a rule !y m]ely m5tion$ attributes ( ! s+]'s gu>dian1 or incid5ts ( _! fir/ meet+1 )\t /at+ outright :at ! gu>dian _s 01 or tell+ a consecutive /ory ( ! vision4 ,mo/ ,l5ape :o h _h su* visions c n be induc$ to tell ! details2 b ! foll[+ examples ( su* exp]i5ces1 imp]fect 9 _m po9ts1 7 f9ally obta9$4 ,incomplete ?\gh !y are1 !y w give "s idea ( ?is class ( beliefs & 9 ?is way may prove ( value4 ,,unami ,,examples4--,"o old man nam$ ,pokitehemun 78,break]071 kn[n to ! :ites 9 ,oklahoma z ,george ,wilson1 saw 9 8 vision :at seem$ to be a man :o held out to him a :ite r\nd object l a boy's m>ble1 !n toss$ x to him4 ,pokitehemun caught x & swall[$ x4 ,!n z x turn$ to g1 ! be+ cri$ 8,kwank6 kwank6 kwank6 ,! ducks h a pray+ meet+ 9 ! fall ( ! ye>60 ,z x turn$1 ,pokitehemun notic$ t x 0 really a duck in/ead ( a man1 & 0 color$ half black & half :ite4#ci ,pokitehemun c\ld p\nd on 8 *e/ at any "t & app>5tly c\gh up a r\nd m>ble-l object1 :i* he w\ld %[ 9 8 h& & !n appe> to swall[ aga94 ,?is he claim$ 0 ! opina giv5 by 8 gu>dian _s4 ,he seem$ to reg>d ! words ( ! duck _s z an admonition to d all he c\ld to keep up ! tribal ,annual ,c]emony1 :i* 0 held 9 ! fall2 :ile ! 8bless+0 gave him good =tune4 ,! *ant he compos$ = use at ?is c]emony is z foll[s3 ,lawulnjei ,wjegk toxweyu ,kwnan[ag ,wailagomaole ,lnape1 eli nan ,tel[a1 l[a ,nuni1 ndageko ,l[aet1 l[a nni4 ,! int]pret]'s translation1 :i* is a some:at free "o1 foll[s3 8,:5 he op5$ 8 h& ,some?+ came out ( ! c5t] ,t's 8 bless+ 7,=87 our k9folks1 ! ,l5ape2 because t ,is :at he said1 he did say ,?is1 :5 ,he spoke1 he said ?is40 ,!n came ! dance song3 ,he-e-e-e nehani ,latamane ,nehani lamane ,kwnan[ag1 n[agn ,hayelagoma ,gweheyeha ,gehe6 ,?is1 accord+ to ! int]pret]1 means simply1 :5 /ripp$ ( its sup]flu\s syllables1 8,we own a temple--8 bless+--our k9folks40 ,ano!r man saw 9 8 boyhood vision ! ,ms+hlikn1 or ,liv+ ,solid ,face1 rid+ on a de]4 ,i 0 unable to get ! details ( _! meet+1 or ! *ant1 b ?is is ! dance song3 ,hehotawegena ,hot[egena ,x+lo pai a:ewani ,ms+hlikn ,hlikne ,a-he-he-he6 ,?is1 ! int]pret] said1 means 8,rid+ x1 rid+ x1 big buck de]1 ?is "o1 ,ms+hlikn60 ,seldom d ! songs or *ants ref] s def9itely to ! protector z does ?is4 ,a ?ird ,l5ape1 :5 a boy1 0 s5t out to ! corn-field to drive away ! cr[s4 ,z he /ood by ! field he saw !m fly+ ar\nd to light on a tree ne> by4 ,sudd5ly someone spoke to him1 & among ! ?+s said 7:i* 7 n reveal$ to me7 7 ! words 8,i l ?is ,l5ape food10 ref]r+ to ! corn4 ,! boy ?\ght a man 0 address+ him1 until ! p]son sudd5ly flew away 9 ! =m ( a cr[1 cry+ 8,ha6 ,ha6 ,ha60 ,i fail$ to get ! ,indian words = ! song1 & my in=mant did n rememb] ! *ant1 b ! translation ( ! song 0 giv5 z foll[s3 8,i l ?is ,l5ape food30 ,i nev] knew a cr[ said t ,till ! cr[ 0 caw+ 8,ha6 ,ha6 ,ha60 ,a f\r? _h se5 "s k9d ( an animal 9 8 vision1 b nev] told any ( 8 tribesm5 :at x 04 ,8 song1 z n[ rememb]$1 0 translat$ ?us3 ,come1 foll[ me1 ,i am go+ ,out into ! c\ntry4 ,a fif? _h 8,"m ,corn0 7! ,corn ,_s7 = a gu>dian1 b only "p ( 8 song is rememb]$4 8,all my *ildr5 ,are glad :5 ,i come out60 ,"s p 7 help$ by ! spirits ( ! dead 9 ! same way t o!rs receiv$ aid f animal or o!r nature spirits4 8,old man0 ,second9e1 n[ dead1 a well kn[n ,oklahoma ,l5ape1 0 "o ( ^!4 ,:5 a boy 8 p>5ts drove him out 9 ! woods1 z 0 ! cu/om1 9 ! hope t he might receive a sup]natural help]4 ,aft] w&]+ ab\t = a "t1 he took refuge 9 a l>ge holl[ tree1 & made t 8 camp+ place4 ,be=e long he 0 visit$ by app>itions ( p]sons he knew to be dead1 :o took pity on 8 />v+ condition1 & br\ght him food :i* !y _h tak5 at night f ! h\ses ( ! liv+1 ?is be+ ! way t disembodi$ spirits are suppos$ to get n\ri%m5t :5 visit+ ! sc5es ( _! e>?ly life4 ,9 ! meantime 8 p>5ts 7 unable to f9d him1 & se>*$ = him )\t avail until ! gho/s f9ally reveal$ to !m 8 camp+ place1 & !n he 0 br\ght safely home4 ,ev] aft]w>d he claim$ ! gho/s z 8 gu>dians1 & l o!rs bless$ ) ?is k9d ( help]s1 0 said to hold "s k9d ( communication ) ! dep>t$4 ,,m9si ,,examples4--,! late ,james ,wolf1 my pr9cipal ,m9si in=mant1 0 said to possess ?is p[]1 z 0 /at$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,he _h1 moreov]1 receiv$ ano!r vision :5 a boy1 b _h made little1 if any1 use ( x1 because ( 8 pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,"o "t 9 8 boyhood days1 he told me1 he ?\ght or dream$ 7he 0 n asleep at ! "t7 t !re 0 no wat] 9 ! riv]1 & t he w5t d[n into its b$ & f\nd only "o little hole conta9+ wat]4 ,9 ?is 0 a creature resembl+ a catfi%1 yet some:at diff]5t1 & ne> x 0 an ord9>y crayfi%1 :ile on ! surface ( ! wat] walk$ a numb] ( little flies4 ,! boy ?9k+ :at he _h se5 0 real1 ran home 9 ha/e to tell 8 fa!r4 ,! fa!r walk$ d[n ) him to see1 b /opp$ on ! bank :]e ! edge ( ! wat] _h be51 :ile ! boy ran on d[n to 8 pool4 ,! riv]-b$ seem$ dry to him1 b 8 fa!r w\ld n come1 say+ t ! riv] 0 full ( wat]4 ,! boy !n came out & !y />t$ = home1 b be=e !y 7 out ( sight1 ! lad look$ back4 ,to 8 surprise1 ! riv] 0 full z usual4 ,! fa!r1 :o 0 ,fly+ ,wolf1 a not$ ,m9si w>rior1 _h be5 favor$ himself1 :5 a boy1 ) a r unusual sort ( vision1 :i* ,james ,wolf relat$ to me1 z ne>ly z possible ! way ! old man us$ to tell x at ! ,annual ,c]emony4 8,:5 ,i 0 a boy1 ,i 0 once fa/ asleep on a hill ne> a little creek4 ,someone said1 #8,wake up6 ,let u g :]e our fri5ds are6' ,s ,i got up & foll[$ him across ! little creek & up a hill1 :]e ,i saw six m5 sitt+ on a log4 ,!n ,i w5t up & %ook h&s ) !m all4 ,aft] !y _h %ak5 h&s ) me !y all danc$ ar\nd 9 a r+40 ,at ?is po9t he us$ to s+ "o v]se ( 8 dance song-- ,wmi wangot[ak kewiha ,all greet "o ano!r ,yoki lnape witci4 ,n[ ,l5ape at ! same "t ,e-ye-he-ye-6 8,!y told me1 #8,we w g to see our fri5ds1' s ,i w5t ) !m4 ,e n[ & !n !y /opp$ & danc$ ar\nd z !y _h done be=e4 ,aft] a :ile "o ( !m told me to look t[>d ! s\?1 & !re ,i saw a black cl\d 9 :i* ! lightn+ fla%$4 #8,w\ld y l to g !re8' !y ask$ me4 ,i answ]$ #8,no4' ,!n "o ask$ if ,i want$ to g t way1 po9t+ to ! nor!a/1 :]e ! sky 0 blue & bright1 to :i* ,i answ]$ t ,i w\ld r g 9 t direction t[>d ! cle> sky4 ,a little f>!r on !y said3 #8,we w n[ leave y4 ,wat* u z we g4' ,!y w5t to ! ea/ a little way1 & !n ,i saw !m trott+4 ,!y 7 wolves1 & ,i _h ?\ght all ! :ile t !y 7 human be+s40 ,v]ses ( ! dance song 7 sung at int]vals dur+ ?is spee*4 ,f analogy ) o!r visions1 su* z are record$ above1 "o w\ld ?9k t ! six wolf-m5 mu/ h become ,fly+ ,wolf's protectors1 b in/ead1 x 0 a ,?und] ,be+ t became 8 pr9cipal gu>dian1 ^: p>ticipation 9 ! vision is m]ely inf]r$ f ! m5tion 9 ! spee* ( ! black cl\d & ! lightn+4 ,evid5tly ?is ,?und] ,be+ 0 n (f5d$ :5 ,fly+ ,wolf told 8 guides t he w\ld r g t[>d ! cle> sky ?an t[>d ! black cl\d4 ,! ,m9si say t :5 ,fly+ ,wolf recit$ 8 vision 9 ! ,big ,h\se c]emonies1 he mov$ ev]yone1 "s ev5 to te>s4 ,aft] he _h f9i%$1 !y say1 a ?und]-%[] w\ld almo/ always rise4 ,he w\ld become /rangely excit$ :5 ! d>k cl\ds began to bank up on ! horizon & spread !mselves ov] ! l&4 ,/ripp+ himself to ! bree*-clo?1 he 0 ready to g out :5 ! /orm broke1 = he w\ld nev] /ay b5ea? a ro( at su* a "t4 ,he lov$ to expose 8 body to ! driv+ gu/s ( w9d & ra92 ! appall+ ro> 0 music to 8 e>s2 :ile ! light+1 to ! eyes ( ! fright5$ onlook]s1 seem$ to play ab\t 8 v body4 ,he us$ to say t if he /ay$ indoors ! lightn+ display w\ld be s t]rible t ! o!rs 9 ! h\se c\ld n endure x4 ,no wond] !y us$ to say ( him1 8,pileswa,l pewalatcil60 8,he is 9 league ) ! ,?und]s601 or bett]1 p]haps1 8,! ,?und]s w protect him60 ,)9 ! memory ( ,m9si n[ liv+ 9 ,canada !re 7 two memb]s ( ! tribe :o claim$ ! ,sun _s1 ,kizho 7or ,kizhox7 z _! protector4 ,"o ( ^! 0 kn[n z 8,old man0 ,halfmoon1 ! o!r z 8,muncey ,john0 ,h5ry4 ,halfmoon1 x is said1 :5 he wi%$ to appe> z a w>rior1 w\ld sometimes hold 8 b>e h&s up t[>d ! flam+ face ( 8 gu>dian1 !n rub ! palms d[n 8 *eeks4 ,:5 he remov$ 8 h&s1 x 0 se5 t 8 face1 clean be=e1 0 n[ pa9t$ 9 brilliant colors6 8,surely10 ! p cri$1 8?is man is 9 league ) ! ,sun60 ,t ! idea ( a tangible #8bless+' is f\nd among ! ,m9si1 z well z among ! ,unami1 is %[n 9 c]ta9 ( _! traditions4 ,,hi/orical ,,ref]5ces4--,bra9]d4--,bra9]d seems to h be5 ab\t ! fir/ au?or to recognize 9 any degree ! importance ( ! dream or vision 9 ,l5ape religi\s belief4 ,he says3#dj 8,!y give mu* he$ to dreams1 because !y suppose t ^! invisible p[]s give !m directions at su* times ab\t c]ta9 affairs1 & sometimes in=m !m :at animal !y w\ld *oose to be wor%ipp$ 940 ,o!r rem>ks by ,bra9]d on ! same g5]al topic 7 quot$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,zeisb]g]4--,zeisb]g]#da also devotes a p>agraph to x1 9 :i* he says3 8,almo/ all animals & ! elem5ts are look$ ^u z spirits1 "o exce$+ ! o!r 9 dignity & p[]4 ,!re is sc>cely an ,indian :o does n believe t "o or m ( ^! spirits has n be5 p>ticul>ly giv5 him to assi/ him & make him prosp]4 ,?is1 !y claim1 has be5 made kn[n to !m 9 a dream1 ev5 z _! religi\s belief & wit*craft has be5 made kn[n to !m 9 a dream4 ,"o has1 9 a dream1 receiv$ a s]p5t or a buffalo1 ano!r ! sun or ! moon1 ano!r an owl or "s o!r bird1 ano!r a fi%1 "s ev5 ridicul\sly insignificant creatures su* z ants4 ,^! are consid]$ _! spirits or ,manittos4 ,if an ,indian has no ,manitto to be 8 fri5d he consid]s himself =sak51 has no?+ on :i* he may lean1 has no hope ( any assi/ance & is small 9 8 own eyes4 ,on ! o!r h& ^? :o h be5 ?us favor$ possess a high & pr\d _s40 ,loskiel4--,loskiel's acc\nt#db seems l>gely d]iv$ f ! above4 ,he rem>ks3 8,! manittos are also consid]$ z tutel> spirits4 ,e ,indian has "o or m1 :i* he conceives to be peculi>ly giv5 to assi/ him & make him prosp]4 ,"o has 9 a dream receiv$ ! sun z 8 tutel> _s1 ano!r ! moon2 a ?ird1 an owl2 a f\r?1 a buffaloe2 & s =?4 ,an ,indian is dispirit$1 & consid]s himself z =sak5 by ,god1 till he has receiv$ a tutel> _s 9 a dream2 ,b ^? :o h be5 ?us favor$1 are full ( c\rage1 & pr\d ( _! p[]ful ally40 ,heckeweld]4--,heckeweld]#dc devotes a :ole *apt] to ! subject1 "u ! head ( 8,initiation ( ,boys10 to :i* ! read] is ref]r$1 z x is all ( int]e/1 b c n be reproduc$ "h4 ,i w m]ely quote portions ( "o p>agraph1 :i* w s]ve to %[ t ?is au?or f\nd approximately simil> ideas z _h 8 pr$ecessors1 concepts :i* /ill exi/ among ! ,l5ape4 8,:5 a boy is to be ?us initiat$1 he is put "u an alt]nate c\rse ( physic & fa/+ 444 s t he sees1 or fancies t he sees visions1 & has extraord9>y dreams4 ,!n he has int]views ) ! ,manitto or ) spirits1 :o in=m him ( :at he 0 be=e he 0 born1 & :at he w be aft] 8 dea?4 ,8 fate 9 ?is life is laid entirely op5 be=e him1 ! _s tells him :at is to be 8 future employm5t1 :e!r he w be a valiant w>rior1 a mighty hunt]1 a doctor1 a conjuror or a prophet40 ,lat] 9 ! *apt] ,heckeweld] m5tions ! fact t p]sons favor$ ) su* dreams consid]$ !mselves "u ! protection ( ! 8cele/ial p[]s10 & m5tions ! 8/r5g?1 ! p[]1 & ! c\rage0 convey$ to !m1 b lays m /ress on ! prophetic side ( ^! visions ?an on ! actual aid r5d]$1 accord+ to ,l5ape belief1 by ! sup]natural gu>dians4 ,adams4--,f ,heckeweld]'s "t to ! pres5t1 ,i "k ( b "o writ]1 besides myself1 :o describes1 f 8 own obs]vation1 ! ,l5ape belief 9 visions & gu>dian spirits4 ,?is is ,r4 ,c4 ,adams1#dd himself ( ,delaw>e blood1 ^: notes may be f\nd 9 ! volume on ,indians ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus ,report = #ahij 7p4 #bih et seq474 ,he says3 8,x is believ$ by ! ,delaw>es t e "o has a gu>dian _s :i* comes 9 ! =m ( "s bird1 animal1 or o!r ?+1 at times 9 dreams1 & tells !m :at to d & :at w happ54 ,! gu>dian _s is s5t f ! ,great ,_s40 ,hav+ n[ consid]$ ! v f\ndation ( ,l5ape religion1 we may turn ) bett] und]/&+1 to _! great ,annual ,c]emony4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,unami ,,annual ,,c]emony ,,! ,,lead] ,! great ,annual ,c]emony ( ! ,l5ape n[ 9 ,oklahoma 0 & is held :5 ! leaves turn yell[ 9 ! fall ( ! ye>1 usually1 accord+ to ! 8pale face0 reckon+1 "s "t betwe5 ! t5? & tw5tie? ( ,octob]4 ,x is n exactly a tribal affair1 al?\gh ! :ole tribe p>ticipates1 b mu/ be und]tak5 by "s c]ta9 individual ( ! prop] qualifications :o takes ! responsibility ( 8br++ 90 ! meet+ & act+ z a lead]4 ,! phratry to :i* ?is lead] belongs det]m9es ! exact =m ( ! c]emonies to be held2 = ea* totemic gr\p has a ritual ( its own1 t ( ! ,wolf1 :i* is "h relat$1 diff]+ 9 "s p>ticul>s f ! c]emonies z practis$ by ! ,turtle or ,turkey p4 ,9 =m] times1 x is said1 :5 "o phratry _h f9i%$ its twelve days ( c]emonies1 ano!r w\ld enact !irs1 foll[$ by ! ?ird2 b at pres5t qualifi$ lead]s are s few t x seldom if ev] happ5s t m ?an "o ( !m feels able to accept su* exact+ duties 9 any "o ye>4 ,?is lead] x is :o s5ds a mess5g] =? to notify ! p :at day ! c]emonies are to comm5ce & to invite !m all to att5d4 ,sev]al days be=e ! date ! wagons beg9 to roll 9 & a :ite village ( t5ts spr+s up ab\t ! gray walls ( ! old ,big ,h\se1 temple1 or xingwikan 7pl4 ,v71 /&+ on ! banks ( ,little ,caney riv]1 nor? ( ,dewey 9 nor!rn ,oklahoma1 f> f any human habitation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,v ,,l5ape ,,c]emonial ,,h\se ,,ne> ,,dewey1 ,,oklahoma ,built ( r\gh logs1 ! ,big ,h\se is n[ provid$ ) a ro( ( h&-split %+les pi]c$ by two great smoke-holes1 z %[n 9 ! frontispiece & 9 pl4 ,v1 ,,vi1 b 9 =m] days ! ro( 0 ( b>k4 ,! l5g? is ab\t #dj ft4 f ea/ to we/1 ) a height at ! eaves ( ab\t #f ft41 at ! ridge #ad ft41 & a wid? ( #bd4e ft4 ,aside f c]ta9 +5uities ( con/ruction :i* c n be discuss$ "h1 its *ief int]e/ lies 9 ! two l>ge c>v+s ( ! human face1 "o fac+ ea/ 7fig4 #f7 & "o we/1 :i* adorn ! great c5tral po/ support+ ! ridge-pole4 ,simil> c>v+s1 b small]1 may be se5 ^u ea* ( ! six po/s :i* support ! logs =m+ ! sides 7fig4 #g71 & /ill small] ones1 "o ^u ea* ( ! f\r door-po/s4 ,all twelve faces are pa9t$1 ! "r side ( ea* r$1 ! left black4 ,! build+ is us$ only = ! ,annual ,c]emony4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--;,c5tral po/ ( ,c]emonial ,h\se1 %[+ c>v$ face4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--,side po/s ( ,c]emonial ,h\se1 %[+ c>v$ faces4 ,,(fic]s ,! mess5g] s5t to assemble ! p is "o ( ?ree male att5dants *os5 by ! lead]1 & ^! ?ree m5 appo9t ?ree wom5 to s]ve also4 ,to ^! six att5dants1 kn[n z ackas1 falls all ! labori\s "w ( ! meet+4 ,al?\gh ! duties are m5ial1 x is consid]$ q an honor to be select$ z ackas4 ,! att5dants camp on ! nor? & s\? sides ( ! little op5 squ>e j ea/ ( ! ,big ,h\se 7pl4 ,,vii71 an area :]e no "o is all[$ to pit* a t5t4 ,o!r (fic]s select$ = ! meet+ are a speak] 7usually at ! "t ( ! writ]'s visit1 ,*ief ,*>ley ,elkhair71 two s+]s1 call$ ,talegunk1 8,cranes10 ^: duty x is to beat ! dry de]sk9 drum & s+ ! necess>y songs1 & a *ief hunt] :o is suppos$ to provide v5ison = ! fea/4 ,,prep>ations ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--;,c]emonial fire-drill us$ at ! ,annual ,c]emony4 7,l5g? ( %aft1 #bi4e 947 ,arriv$ at ! ,big ,h\se1 ! att5dants beg9 at once to prep>e ! build+ = use aft] its ye> ( idl5ess4 ,! fir/ act ( ! m5 is to make mort> ( mud1 9 ! old /yle1 & /op ! cracks betwe5 ! logs ( ! h\se4 ,!n !y cut two =k$ sapl+s1 & set !m 9 ! gr\nd ab\t t5 feet ap>t1 "s di/ance 9 front ( ! ,big ,h\se 7see pl4 ,,vii72 ^u ^! is laid a pole1 runn+ ea/ & we/1 to support ! tw5ty-gallon kettle us$ 9 prep>+ hom9y = ! fea/4 ,aft] ?is !y ga!r ab\t a cord ( wood = ! fires inside ! ,big ,h\se & ! cook+ fire outside4 ,!n ! fir/ night1 a fire pure & undef9$ by ! :ite man & 8 mat*es1 is made ) a fire-drill 7fig4 #h74 ,?is is op]at$ on ! pr9cipal ( a pump-drill1 l ! c]emonial fire-drills ( ! ,iroquois4 ,?is fire1 & ?is only1 may be us$ 9 ! temple1 & no "o is p]mitt$ to take x outside = any purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,vi ,,l5ape ,,annual ,,c]emony ,,9 ,,progress ,native ,pa9t+ by ,e>ne/ ,spybuck1 a ,%awnee ,,c]emony ,,comm5c$ ,two ( ! att5dants1 a man & a woman1 !n build ! two fires 9 ! temple1 s t !re may be pl5ty ( light1 & sweep ! floor ) turkey-w+s = bru%es4 ,! m5 att5dants take turns s t "o ( !m1 at lea/1 is always on gu>d outside ! build+4 ,:5 ! temple is clean1 ! fires are burn+ bright1 & ! ackas h call$ ! p 9 & all are assembl$1 ! *ief arises & deliv]s a spee*4 ,,*ief',s ,,spee* ,fir/ he /ates ! rules ( ! meet+1 !n he speaks along "s su* l9e z ! foll[+1 :i* 0 dictat$ by ,*ief ,elkhair1 :o frequ5tly made ^! spee*es3 8,we are ?ankful t s _m ( u are alive to meet toge!r "h once m1 & t we are ready to hold our c]emonies 9 good fai?4 ,n[ we %all meet "h twelve nights 9 succession to pray to ,gicelmkaong1 :o has direct$ u to wor%ip 9 ?is way4 ,& ^! twelve ,msing faces c>v$ on ! po/s ( ! h\se are "h to wat* & to c>ry our pray]s to ,gicelmkaong 9 ! highe/ heav54 ,! reason :y we dance at ?is "t is to raise our pray]s to him4 ,our att5dants "h1 ?ree wom5 & ?ree m51 h ! task ( keep+ ev]y?+ ab\t our ,temple 9 good ord]1 & ( try+ to keep peace1 if !re is tr\ble4 ,!y mu/ haul wood & build fires1 cook & sweep out ! ,big ,h\se4 8,:5 !y sweep1 !y mu/ sweep bo? sides ( ! fire twelve times1 :i* sweeps a road to ,heav51 j z !y say t x takes twelve ye>s to rea* x4 ,wom5 9 _! m5ses mu/ n ent] ?is h\se4 8,:5 we come into ?is h\se ( ours we are glad1 & ?ankful t we are well1 & = ev]y?+ t makes u feel good :i* ! ,creator has plac$ "h = our use4 ,we come "h to pray ,him to h m]cy on u = ! ye> to come & to give u ev]y?+ to make u happy2 may we h good crops1 & no dang]\s /orms1 floods nor e>?quakes4 ,we all realize :at ,he has put be=e u all ?r\gh life1 & t ,he has giv5 u a way to pray to ,him & ?ank ,him4 ,we are ?ankful to ! ,ea/ because ev]yone feels good 9 ! morn+ :5 !y awake1 & see ! bright light com+ f ! ,ea/1 & :5 ! ,sun goes d[n 9 ! ,we/ we feel good & glad we are well2 !n we are ?ankful to ! ,we/4 ,& we are ?ankful to ! ,nor?1 because :5 ! cold w9ds come we are glad to h liv$ to see ! leaves fall aga92 & to ! ,s\?1 = :5 ! s\? w9d bl[s & ev]y?+ is com+ up 9 ! spr+1 we are glad to live to see ! grass gr[+ & ev]y?+ gre5 aga94 ,we ?ank ! ,?und]s1 = !y are ! mant[k t br+ ! ra91 :i* ! ,creator has giv5 !m p[] to rule ov]4 ,& we ?ank our "m1 ! ,e>?1 :om we claim z "m because ! ,e>? c>ries u & ev]y?+ we ne$4 ,:5 we eat & dr9k & look ar\nd1 we "k x is ,gicelmkaong t makes u feel good t way4 ,he gives u ! pure/ ?\ghts t c be _h4 ,we %\ld pray to ,him e morn+4 8,man has a _s1 & ! body seems to be a coat = t _s4 ,t is :y p %\ld take c>e ( _! spirits1 s z to rea* ,heav5 & be admitt$ to ! ,creator's dwell+4 ,we are giv5 "s l5g? ( "t to live on e>?1 & !n our spirits mu/ g4 ,:5 anyone's "t comes to leave ?is e>?1 he %\ld g to ,gicelmkaong1 feel+ good on ! way4 ,we all ought to pray to ,him1 to prep>e ourselves = days to come s t we c be ) ,him aft] leav+ ! e>?4 8,we mu/ all put our ?\ghts to ?is meet+1 s t ,gicelmkaong w look ^u u & grant :at we ask4 ,y all come "h to pray2 y h a way to rea* ,him all ?r\gh life4 ,d n ?9k ( evil2 /rive always to ?9k ( ! good :i* ,he has giv5 u4 8,:5 we rea* t place1 we %all n h to d any?+ or worry ab\t any?+1 only live a happy life4 ,we "k !re are _m ( our fa!rs :o h left ?is e>? & are n[ 9 ?is happy place 9 ! ,l& ( ,spirits4 ,:5 we arrive we %all see our fa!rs1 mo!rs1 *ildr51 & si/]s !re4 ,& :5 we h prep>$ ourselves s t we c g to :]e our p>5ts & *ildr5 are1 we feel happy4 8,ev]y?+ looks m beautiful !re ?an "h1 ev]y?+ looks new1 & ! wat]s & fruits & ev]y?+ are lovely4 8,no sun %9es !re1 b a light mu* bright] ?an ! sun1 ! ,creator makes x bright] by 8 p[]4 ,all p :o die "h1 "y or old1 w be ( ! same age !re2 & ^? :o are injur$1 crippl$1 or made bl9d w look z good z ! re/ ( !m4 ,x is no?+ b ! fle% t is injur$3 ! _s is z good z ev]4 ,t is ! reason t p are told to help always ! cripples or ! bl9d4 ,:atev] y d = !m w surely br+ its rew>d4 ,:atev] y d = anybody w br+ y cr$it h]eaft]4 ,:5ev] we ?9k ! ?\ghts t ,gicelmkaong has giv5 u1 x w d u good4 8,?is is all ,i c ?9k ( to say along ?is l9e4 ,n[ we w pass ! ,turtle ar\nd1 & all t feel l wor%ip+ may take x & p]=m _! c]emonies40 ,"s nights ! speak] says m1 sometimes less1 j z he feels1 b he always tries to tell x z he he>d x f ! old p :o came be=e him4 ,,recital ,,( ,,visions ,n[1 z 0 /at$1 ^! meet+s are 8br\ght 90 by individuals2 t is a c]ta9 p]son1 usually a man1 und]takes to arrange = ! meet+ & to lead ! c]emonies4 ,?is p]son mu/ be "o ( ^? gift$ by a vision or dream ( p[] 9 _! y\?1 & h5ce1 accord+ to ,l5ape belief1 "o 9 communication ) ! sup]natural _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,rattle ( l&-tortoise %ell1 us$ by celebrants at ! ,annual ,c]emony4 7,l5g?1 #d4b 947 ,:5 ! p file into ! ,big ,h\se1 ! few t /ill h !m dress$ 9 _! be/ ,indian co/umes c>efully pres]v$ = su* occasions 7pl4 ,i71 ! memb]s ( ?is lead]'s clan always take _! seats on ! nor? side1 ! o!r two clans 9 ! we/ end & ! s\? side4 ,m5 & wom51 h[ev]1 d n m+le1 b sit sep>ately 9 ! space allott$ to _! common clan4 ,! diagram 7pl4 ,,vii7 %[s ! seat+ ( ! clans :5 ! c]emony is 8br\ght 90 by a memb] ( ! ,wolf division4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--;,drum made ( dri$ de]sk9 us$ at ! ,annual ,c]emony4 7,l5g? #ch4b 947 ,aft] ! *ief's spee*1 ! lead] arises f 8 place j nor? ( ! c5tral po/1 &1 rapidly %ak+ a rattle 7taxoxi c[nign7 made ( a box-tortoise %ell 7fig4 #i71 recites 8 vision 9 a high monotone1 ^w by ^w4 ,aft] he utt]s ea* ^w1 he pauses an in/ant to give ! s+]s sitt+ at ! roll$ dry de]sk9 call$ p[nign :i* s]ves z a drum 7fig4 #aj71 ample "t to repeat ! same ^w 9 ! same tone1 :i* produces an extraord9>y effect4 ,:5 he f9i%es1 ! drumm]s beat rapidly on ! dry hide1 repeat+ 8,ho-o-o60 a numb] ( times4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,vii ,,plan ,,( ,,l5ape ,,c]emonial ,,h\se ,,& ,,gr\nds ,,ne> ,,dewey1 ,,oklahoma ,!n ! celebrant repeats a v]se ( 8 song 9 ! same way1 & ! drumm]s1 hav+ le>n$ ! words1 s+ !m to a dance tune1 beat+ ! drum 9 sl[] "t4 ,aft] danc+ a:ile1 ! celebrator :oops1 & !y /op2 !n ano!r simil> v]se1 if n ! same1 is recit$ & !n sung4 ,:5 ! lead] dances1 he circles ab\t ! two fires contra-clockwise1 & ^? :o wi% may jo9 9 ! dance & foll[ him 7pl4 ,,vi74 ,8 dance f9i%$1 ! lead] passes ! turtle%ell to ! next man :o has be5 bless$ ) a vision4 ,?is "o has ! privilege ( s++ 8 vision if he wi%es2 if n1 x is h&$ to ! next 8dream]40 ,aft] a celebrant has tak5 8 seat1 x is cu/om>y = ^? :o desire x to smoke until ! next man is ready to comm5ce4 ,at ?is "t also x is consid]$ prop] = ! p to ent] or leave ! ,big ,h\se1 :i* is n p]mitt$ :ile ! actual c]emony is 9 progress4 ,:5 ! turtle rattle has ?us made ! r\nd ( ! build+ & gets back to its />t+ po9t1 ! meet+ is br\ght to a close4 ,?is is usually along t[>d morn+1 ! exact "t ( c\rse be+ dep5d5t on ! numb] :o h sung _! visions1 & on ! l5g? ( ! int]missions4 ,,conclusion ,,( ,,rites ,n[1 :5 ! man :o />t$ ! c]emonies beg9s to dance1 t is a signal = two ( ! wom5 ackas1 or att5dants1 to g out & p\nd corn = hom9y or meal1 & two ( _! m5 colleagues cook x 9 ! kettle hang+ on ! pole1 s t x is ready :5 ! turtle has made its r\nds & ! meet+ is ab\t to close4 ,!n ! repa/ ( hom9y or corn mu% call$ span is di/ribut$1 & ! speak] says1 8,we w n[ pray twelve times10 s twelve times !y cry 8,ho-o-o60 z a pray]4 ,!n !y fea/1 us+ mussel%ells f ! riv] z spoons1 & f9ally ! speak] dismisses !m ) ! words1 8,?is is all = tonight2 tomorr[ night we w meet aga940 ,,dep>ture ,,( ,,! ,,hunt]s ,:5 ! next night arrives1 approximately ! same p]=mance is repeat$2 & ! same ! next1 ) little ( int]e/ occurr+ dur+ ! day2 b on ! f\r? morn+1 ! lead] :o has select$ a man = *ief hunt]1 gives him a y>d ( wampum z pay4 ,?is ma/] ( ! hunt !n selects z _m assi/ants z he wants1 & he & 8 crew all ga!r 9 ! ,big ,h\se1 :]e !y are s]v$ ab\t noon ) a fea/ prep>$ = ! occasion by ! wom5 ( ! camp1 & ! att5dants tie sacks ( ! food to ! hunt]s' saddles4 ,:5 !y h f9i%$ eat+1 !y arrange !mselves 9 a r[1 ea* hunt] /&+ on 8 left foot & b>ely t\*+ ! gr\nd ) ! toes ( 8 "r1 an action ^: mean+ ,i h n yet be5 able to det]m9e4 ,!n ! speak] rises & talks to !m1 & ! ,msing :o has be5 se5 ab\t ! camp f "t to "t1 is 9 ! ,big ,h\se li/5+ to 8 words4 8,:5 y hunt10 says ! speak]1 8?9k ( no?+ b luck to kill de]40 ,z he speaks he goes to ! we/ fire & ?r[s into x1 six times1 an (f]+ ( native tobacco2 !n to ! ea/ fire1 :]e he sacrifices six m p9*es ( ! sacr$ h]b--twelve 9 all4 ,:ile sacrific+ tobacco1 he prays to ! ,msing to drive ! de] up1 s t ! hunt]s c kill !m4 ,z he drops ! la/ tobacco into ! flames1 he says1 8,if y kill a de] "r away1 br+ x 9 tonight2 if n1 br+ 9 all y kill day aft] tomorr[40 ,:at tobacco is left is giv5 to ! *ief hunt] ) ! words1 8,:5 y camp tonight1 burn ?is & ask ,ms+hlikn to let y kill de]40 ,! read] w rememb] t ,ms+hlikn1 9 ^: image ! ,msing is c>v$1 is suppos$ to h control ov] ! de]1 & 9 fact ov] all wild animals4 ,all ! hunt]s t are 9 ! habit ( *ew+ tobacco are n[ giv5 "s = ?is purpose4 ,:5 !y file out & m\nt _! horses1 ! ,msing foll[s !m & sees !m (f4 ,aft] ! hunt]s h disappe>$1 ! p call ! ,msing back into ! ,big ,h\se & coax him to dance1 :ile two m5 volunte] to s+ = him4 ,,pray] ,,= ,,! ,,hunt]s ,! foll[+ ev5+ six m5 are appo9t$ & giv5 a y>d ( wampum to divide among !m1 to g out close to ! =k$ game-pole ea/ ( ! ,big ,h\se1 int5d$ = ! c>casses ( ! de]1 & 8pray0 !re twelve times4 ,! mean+ ( ?is1 ( c\rse1 is t !y s\nd ! pray] ^w 8,ho-o-o60 :i* is evid5tly to help ! hunt]s4 ,?is night also a y>d ( wampum is un/rung & scatt]$ on ! gr\nd j we/ ( ! ea/ fire1 & ?is ! att5dants mu/ pick up1 cry+ 8,ho-o-o60 z !y d s4 ,= do+ ?is1 :i* is call$ 8pick+ b]ries10 !y are suppos$ to keep :at wampum !y pick up4 ,,return ,,( ,,! ,,hunt]s ,if ! hunt]s are lucky & kill a de] ! fir/ day1 !y s5d "o man back ) x4 ,z he approa*es he fires a gun z a signal ( 8 com+1 at :i* ! s+]s run into ! ,big ,h\se & beg9 to s+ & beat ! drum4 ,!n ev]yone is happy4 ,9 any case ! hunt]s all return on ! ?ird day4 ,if !y h kill$ de]1 !y %oot _! guns2 if n1 !y come 9 v quietly4 ,:5 ! %ots are he>d1 ! s+]s ha/5 to _! places1 &1 beat+ ! drum1 s+ a song t is us$ only on su* occasions4 ,!n :5 ! hunt]s arrive1 !y fea/1 & _! lead] ann\nces ! names ( ^? lucky en\gh to kill a de]4 ,! c>casses are sk9n$ & hung on ! de] pole 7%[n 9 frontispiece71 ea/ ( ! ,big ,h\se1 & are us$ 9 ! fea/s at ! close ( e night's meet+ until ! ga!r+ disb&s4 ,,new ,,fire ,e night ! usual program is repeat$ until ! n9?4 ,on ?is night a new fire is k9dl$ ) ! sacr$ pump-drill call$ tudai wheji mant[k or 8,fire mak] ( ! ,mantos0 7fig4 #h71 & ! a%es ( ! old are c>ri$ out ?r\gh ! we/ door ( ! ,big ,h\se1 :i* is us$ only = ?is purpose 7among ! ,unami71 & is usually kept clos$4 ,! new fire seems to symbolize a fre% />t 9 all ! affairs ( life4 ,,use ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,drum/icks ,also on ! n9? night1 be=e ! s++ beg9s1 !y br+ out ! two anci5t drum/icks 7pa kdign7 c>v$ ) t9y human heads1 "o male & "o female 7fig4 #aa71 to use 9 place ( ! crud] /icks us$ be=e1 :i* are m>k$ only ) a rude cross 7fig4 #ab1 a74 ,at ?is "t1 also1 twelve pray]/icks 7matehigun7 are di/ribut$--six pla9 & six /rip$ ones 7fig4 #ab1 b7--by two ( ! male att5dants1 ea* ) six1 "o man />t+ f ea* end ( ! ,big ,h\se & proce$+ 9 a trot to di/ribute ! /icks :ile ! drum is beat51 & ! p1 hold+ up _! h&s1 cry ! pray] ^w 8,ho-o-o60 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,sacr$ drum/icks1 us$ at ! ,annual ,c]emony 9 ,oklahoma4 7,l5g? ( a1 #ah4f 947 ,,fig4 #ab4--;a1 ,pla9 drum/ick us$ at ! ,annual ,c]emony2 b1 ,pray]/ick4 7,l5g? ( b1 #ah4i 947 ,bo? drum/icks & pray]/icks are us$ e night f ?is "t on4 ,if x s happ5s t ! pla9 /icks d n fall opposite ea* o!r 7or on opposite sides ( ! h\se71 !y mu/ all be pick$ up aga9 & r$i/ribut$4 ,aft] ?is1 ^? :o h receiv$ a /ick raise t in/ead ( _! h&1 :5 !y repeat ! pray] ^w 8,ho-o-o60 & c>ry x :5 !y dance4 ,,turtle ,,rattles ,at ?is "t1 too1 all :o own turtle rattles su* z are us$ 9 s++ ! visions 7fig4 #i71 are reque/$ to br+ !m 9 to ! meet+1 :5 !y are plac$ 9 a r[ on ! nor? side1 9 front ( ! man :o1 z ! ,indians phrase x1 8br\ght on ! meet+40 ,! backs ( ! turtle%ells are all measur$ ) /r+s ( wampum1 :i* are cut (f 9 l5g?s correspond+ ) ! l5g?s ( ! backs4 ,!n ! own]s are call$ to get _! turtles & wampum1 :i* is suppos$ to be _! pay = br++ !m to ! meet+4 ,z ea* takes up 8 turtle1 he %akes x1 & if x does n s\nd well1 !n ! p laugh1 & ! own]1 aba%$1 takes 8 prop]ty out ( sight z soon z possible4 ,,phratry ,,pray]s ,!n !y call up six m51 two f ea* ( ! ?ree phratries--,turtle1 ,turkey1 & ,wolf4 ,ea* goes outside & cries ! pray] ^w 8,ho-o-o60 twelve times1 hold+ up 8 left h&4 ,:5 ! fir/ "o returns1 he is giv5 "o y>d ( wampum1 & divides x ) ! o!r five4 ,?is is done ea* night until ! end4 ,,wom5',s ,,night ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,pa9t-di% ( b>k1 us$ at ! ,annual ,c]emony4 7,l5g?1 #b4b 947 ,! twelf? night is res]v$ = ! wom5 to relate _! visions2 b be=e !y beg91 ! speak] ord]s ! att5dants to burn c$>-leaves 9 ! two fires1 & ! p are suppos$ to inhale ! smoke & purify !mselves4 ,!n two wom5 are ord]$ to take1 "o a little b>k di% 7asiptagn7 ( r$ pa9t 7fig4 #ac71 ! o!r a simil> vessel ( grease1 & ! two />t f ! door on ! nor? side ( ! ,temple & g to ea* p]son pres5t4 ,"o dips h] f+]s 9 ! pa9t & t\*es ! color to ! p]son's left *eek1 :ile h] companion simil>ly anno9ts ! p]son's head ) a little ( ! grease4 ,?is done1 two m5 att5dants take ! b>k vessels & pa9t & grease 9 ! same way ! twelve ,msing faces c>v$ ^u ! po/s ( ! build+1 also ! drum/icks1 ! pray]/icks1 ! de]sk9 drum1 & ! turtles4 ,a v>iant has x t bo? b>k vessels conta9 pa9t1 ! cu/oms diff]+ accord+ to phratry4 ,ea* woman :o takes "p on ?is night receives a %>e ( ! v5ison1 if !re is any1--! bigge/ & fatte/ buck ! hunt]s kill1--& ! att5dants cook x = !m at ! fire outside4 ,,conclusion ,,( ,,c]emony ,next morn+ ! m5 resume ! c]emony & cont9ue until ! sun is high4 ,two m5 are !n appo9t$ to close ! meet+1 = :i* ea* receives "o y>d ( wampum4 ,_! duty is to s+ twelve times :ile ! p dance ab\t ! c5tral po/1 ! wom5 9 a circle next to ! po/1 ! m5 9 ano!r circle outside t ( ! wom54 ,^! two s+]s /op danc+ 9 front ( :]e ! *ief is sitt+1 & ann\nce1 8,we w n[ pray twelve times40 ,!y g back to _! seats & cry 8,ho-o-o60 twelve times4 ,!n ! att5dants s]ve ! la/ fea/4 ,two wom5 !n g ar\nd ) wampum 9 a wood5 b[l1 giv+ ev]yone two or ?ree beads4 ,,paym5t ,,( ,,att5dants ,!n ! att5dants1 ?ree m5 & ?ree wom51 /& 9 a r[ & receive six y>ds ( wampum on "o /r+1 :i* !y hold 9 _! h&s1 ! fir/ 9 ! r[ hold+ ! end ( ! /r+1 :i* /ret*es along f "o to ! o!r4 ,!n ! *ief says3 8,we ?ank y att5dants ( ?is meet+ = y\r k9dness 9 sweep+ our ,temple = ^! twelve nights1 & ! att5tion & c>e y h giv54 ,we h he>d our old p>5ts say t1 if y sweep ?is ,meet+ ,h\se twelve diff]5t times1 y w sweep up to :]e our great ,fa!r is1 z he is up 9 ! twelf? ,heav5 above ! e>?40 ,! att5dants !n circle ab\t ! fires & g out to ! cook+ fireplace1 :]e !y divide ! wampum1 tak+ a y>d apiece4 ,at la/1 :5 ! %ad[ ( a p]son is ne>ly "u him1 t is1 ab\t noon1 ! speak] or *ief arises1 & says1 8,all ( u k9folk mu/ n[ g out & end our meet+1 :i* has be5 go+ on = twelve days & nights40 ,!reupon !y all file out--m51 wom51 & *ildr5--& =m a r[ ext5d+ nor? & s\?1 fac+ ea/1 j ea/ ( ! ,big ,h\se1 ! hunt]s tak+ ) !m ! sk9s ( ! de] !y kill$4 ,,f9ale ,"h !y all pray1 or r cry ! pray] ^w 8,ho-o-o60 six times /&+1 hold+ up "o h&1 & six times kneel+1 hold+ up ! o!r h&4 ,! meet+ is !n end$4 ,?is is %[n 9 ! frontispiece4 ,! de]sk9s are giv5 to poor old p1 :o ne$ !m to make moccas9s4 ,"o in=mant /at$ t in/ead ( cry+ 8,ho-o-o0 twelve times 9 clos+ ! meet+1 x 0 cu/om>y to use ?is ^w only t5 times1 & !n cry 8,ha-a-a0 twice1 complet+ ! sacr$ numb] twelve2 b su* discrepancies are probably due to ! v>iation ( ritual among ! ?ree phratries be=e m5tion$1 ! ,turkey1 ! ,turtle1 & ! ,wolf4 ,?is k9d ( pray] 0 notic$ by ,zeisb]g]#de z e>ly z #aggi1 = he writes3 8,at a ?ird k9d ( fea/ t5 or m tann$ de]sk9s are giv5 to z _m old m5 or wom51 :o wrap !mselves 9 !m & /& be=e ! h\se ) _! faces turn$ t[>d ! ea/1 pray+ ,god ) a l\d voice to rew>d _! b5efactors4 ,!y turn t[>d ! ea/ because !y believe t ,god dwells beyond ! ris+ ( ! sun4 ,at ! same "t mu* wampum is giv5 away4 ,?is is ?r[n on ! gr\nd & ! "y p scramble = x4 ,aft]w>d x is asc]ta9$ :o secur$ ! mo/4 ,?is fea/ is call$ 'ngammu91 ! mean+ ( :i* !y !mselves are unable to give40 ,! suspicion t ,zeisb]g] mi/ook ! conclusion ( ! ,annual ,c]emony = a sep>ate rite is /r5g!n$ by ! fact t he gives its "n z 8'ngammu910 :i* seems to be a =m ( ,gamu+1 ! mod]n ,l5ape "n = _! ,annual ,c]emony4 ,,paym5t ,,( ,,(fic]s ,all ! (fic]s ( ! meet+ receive pay 9 wampum = _! s]vices1 except1 ( c\rse1 ! lead]--! man :o has caus$ ! meet+ to be held4 ,! speak] receives a y>d = e night ( ! meet+2 ! drumm]s get a y>d betwe5 !m ea* night2 !re are also ! paym5ts to ! att5dants1 hunt]s1 & o!rs1 already m5tion$4 ,! att5dants h o!r s\rces ( pr(it1 too1 = !y s]ve meals ?ree times a day 9 ! ,big ,h\se to ! lead] ( ! meet+ & all 8 ne> relatives1 also to ! speak] & ! drumm]s4 ,:5 !y h f9i%$ fea/+1 ! lead] calls ! att5dants to come & get _! di%es & pans4 ,ea* has a cup 9 :i* he br+s c(fee1 & ! lead] puts tw5ty-five wampum beads 9 ea* cup = e meal4 ,moreov]1 :5 any "o 9 ! outside camps is hungry1 he may g to an ackas & obta9 a meal = tw5ty-five wampum beads4 ,! att5dants h a table ne> ! t5t ( "o ( ! woman ackas1 & "h !y eat4 ,,valuation ,,( ,,wampum ,= c]emonial purposes ! wampum 7:ite7 is held at "o c5t a bead1 "o hundr$ to ! doll>4 ,be=e ! meet+ ! p give a y>d or s apiece1 if !y are able1 to %[ _! appreciation & to be pray$ =1 or subscribe money = its pur*ase & = ! o!r ?+s ne$$ at ! meet+4 ,! wampum is aft]w>d r$eem$ at ! same rate & is kept to use aga94 ,,indian ,,comm5ts ,,on ,,! ,,c]emony ,"s explanations & rem>ks conc]n+ ! annual c]emony1 z furni%$ by ! ,indians !mselves1 may prove ( int]e/ "h4 ,julius ,f\ts 7or ,fox71 ! int]pret]1 rem>ks3 8,:5 ! ,delaw>es complete ?is meet+1 !n !y claim !y h wor%ip$ ev]y?+ on ?is e>?4 ,god gave ! ,p[]s ,above au?ority to g ar\nd & give all ! tribes "s way to wor%ip4 ,!y say ^! ?+s 7 z if c>ri$ 9 a bundle1 & :5 !y come to ! ,delaw>es1 la/ ( all1 !re 0 a lot left 9 ! bundle & !y got x all--t is :y ! ,delaw>es h s _m diff]5t ?+s to d 9 _! meet+s40 ,9 explanation ( ! pray] ^w ,ho-o-o1 he said1 8,did y ev] he> t noise out 9 ! woods1 9 ! fall ( ! ye>8 #8,ho-o-o1' x says4 ,:at is x8 ,x is ! noise ( ! w9d bl[+ 9 ! trees4 ,:5 ! ,delaw>es pray 9 ! ,big ,h\se1 !y raise _! voices & cry #8,ho-o-o' to ,god1 & ! ,msing he>s x & und]/&s1 = he is ( ! same nature z a tree1 & !re are twelve ,msing c>v$ 9 ! ,big ,h\se :o w c>ry ! pray]s to ! twelf? ,heav54 ,! ,indians call ! ,msing #8,gr&fa!r1' because ! trees 7 "h be=e ! ,indians4 ,! ,big ,h\se is go+ out ( use n[1 because only ! old p h _h gifts or visions ( p[] to s+ ab\t4 ,! *ildr5 ( today are n pils1 or pure2 !y are re>$ l ! :ites1 & ! ,p[]s ,above d n speak to !m any m40 ,*ief ,*>ley ,elkhair1 or ,elkire1 :o frequ5tly s]v$ z speak] 9 ! ,big ,h\se1 said3 8,! ,delaw>e meet+ helps ev]ybody 9 ! _w1 = !y pray = good crops & ev]y?+ good1 ev5 wild fruits4 ,ab\t t5 ye>s ago ! p ?\ght !y w\ld give up hold+ ^! meet+s1 & ! foll[+ ye> !y _h high w9ds & big ra9s1 & ev]yone 0 fright5$4 ,!n gras%opp]s came 9 sw>ms1 b !y came 9 ! fall a little too late to get all ! crops4 ,s ! p held a c\ncil & talk$ ab\t ! ,big ,h\se aga94 ,!y f9ally decid$ to resume x1 be=e any m bad luck came2 s !y began ! c]emonies aga9 9 ! fall4 8,!n x seem$ z if all ! tr\ble /opp$4 ,( late !re has be5 talk ( aga9 giv+ up ! meet+1 b if we d give x up we are likely to h a tornado or maybe dry wea!r to ru9 ! crops4 8,once ! ,delaw>es own$ a great deal ( l&1 b t is ne>ly all gone n[1 & ! p seem to h no p[] to d any?+4 ,:5 ,god looks d[n f ,heav51 he sees b v few ,delaw>e p1 & ! reason = ?is is t !y _c foll[ ! ,meet+ ,h\se c]emonies n[4 ,:5 ,i 0 a little boy1 ,i he>d my p say t ?is ?+ w\ld happ5 j z x is happ5+ n[4 ,y see1 ! "y p rais$ dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s d n believe 9 ! old ways4 ,we are hav+ good times yet1 b we don't "k :5 we %all cat* x4 ,if any?+ happ5s to u1 & once really beg9s1 we c n /op x--x w be too late4 ,ev5 if !y take up ! meet+ aga9--!y c n d "r1 ev5 :5 ! c]emonies are go+ on4 8,!y c n accompli% any?+ 9 ! ,big ,h\se2 !y c n raise x up1 because !re are a lot ( "y folks :o d n ev5 try to d :at ! speak] tells !m1 = !y d n believe 9 x4 8,! p c\ld get along f9e1 if !y foll[$ ! rules ( ! meet+--n only ! ,delaw>es1 b ! o!r p r\nd ab\t4 ,= :5 ! ,delaw>e prays1 he prays = ?+s t w b5efit ev]ybody2 he prays = ! *ildr5 z well z = himself2 he prays = future "t4 ,b if any?+ comes to de/roy ! _w1 x w be too late to ?9k ( />t+ ! ,big ,h\se !n40 ,p5n's ,acc\nt4--,william ,p5n seems to h be5 ! fir/ to attempt a description ( ,l5ape rites1 = he wrote 9 #afhc1 9 ! same lett] we h quot$ be=e3 8,_! ,wor%ip consi/s ( two p>ts1 sacrifice & ,cantico4 ,_! sacrifice is _! fir/ fruits4444 ,! o!r "p ( _! wor%ip is by ,cantico1 p]=m$ by r\nd dances1 sometimes words1 sometimes songs1 !n %\ts1 two be+ 9 ! middle t beg91 & by s++ & drumm+ on a bo>d direct ! *orus4444 ,!y are said to lay _! alt> on twelve /ones40 ,9 ?is brief acc\nt %\ld be not$ ! pres5ce ( two drumm]s2 ! fact t !y did n use a drum1 b a 8bo>d0 :i* 0 probably1 if ,p5n _h tak5 ! tr\ble to look m closely1 a dri$ hide2 ! ^w cantico :i* resembles ! mod]n ,l5ape words = 8dance0--knk among ! ,unami & kntika among ! ,m9si2 & f9ally ! use ( ! sacr$ numb] twelve4 ,zeisb]g]'s ,acc\nt4--,! e>lie/ detail$ acc\nt1 h[ev]1 ( ! great ,l5ape c]emonies is giv5 by ,zeisb]g]1#df :o1 writ+ ab\t #aggi1 says3 8,wor%ip & sacrifices h obta9$ among !m f ! e>lie/ times1 be+ usages h&$ d[n f _! ance/ors4 ,?\gh 9 ! detail ( c]emony !re has be5 *ange1 z ! ,indians are m divid$ n[ ?an at t "t1 wor%ip & sacrifice h cont9u$ z practic$ 9 ! e>ly days1 = ! ,indians believe t !y w\ld draw all mann] ( disease & mis=tune ^u !mselves if !y omitt$ to obs]ve ! ance/ral rites4 8,9 ! matt] ( sacrifice1 relation%ip1 ev5 ?\gh di/ant1 is ( significance1 legitimate or illegitimate relation%ip be+ reg>d$ )\t di/9ction4 ,a sacrifice is (f]$ by a family1 ) its entire relation%ip1 once 9 two ye>s4 ,o!rs1 ev5 ! inhabitants ( o!r t[ns1 are invit$4 ,su* sacrifices are commonly held 9 autumn1 r>ely 9 w9t]4 ,z _! connections are l>ge1 ea* ,indian w h opportunity to att5d m ?an "o family sacrifice a ye>4 ,! head ( ! family kn[s ! "t & he mu/ provide = ev]y?+4 ,:5 ! head ( su* a family is conv]t$1 he gets into difficulty because 8 fri5ds w n give him peace until he has designat$ "s "o to take 8 place 9 ! arrangem5t ( sacrificial fea/s4 8,prep>ations = su* a sacrificial fea/ ext5d ?r\gh sev]al days4 ,! requisite numb] ( de] & be>s is calculat$ & ! "y p are s5t into ! woods to procure !m toge!r ) ! lead] ^: c>e x is to see t ev]y?+ ne$ful is provid$4 ,^! hunt]s d n return until !y h secur$ ! am\nt ( booty c\nt$ ^u4 ,on _! return !y fire a volley :5 ne> ! t[n1 m>* 9 9 solemn procession & deposit ! fle% 9 ! h\se ( sacrifice4 ,meantime ! h\se has be5 cle>$ & prep>$4 ,! wom5 h prep>$ firewood & br\ght 9 long dry re$ grass1 :i* has be5 /rewn ! entire l5g? ( ! h\se1 on bo? sides1 = ! gue/s to sit ^u4 ,su* a fea/ may cont9ue = ?ree or f\r nights1 ! sep>ate sessions beg9n+ 9 ! aft]noon & la/+ until ! next morn+4 ,great kettles full ( meat are boil$ & bread is bak$4 ,^! are s]v$ to ! gue/s by f\r s]vants especially appo9t$ = ?is s]vice4 ,! rule is t :atev] is ?us br\ght z a sacrifice mu/ be eat5 altoge!r & no?+ left4 ,a small quantity ( melt$ fat only is p\r$ into ! fire4 ,! bones are burnt1 s t ! dogs may n get any ( !m4 ,aft] ! meal ! m5 & wom5 dance1 e rule ( dec5cy be+ obs]v$4 ,x is n a dance = pleasure or ex]cise1 z is ! ord9>y dance engag$ 9 by ! ,indians4 ,"o s+] only p]=ms dur+ ! dance1 walk+ up & d[n1 rattl+ a small tortoise %ell fill$ ) pebbles4 ,he s+s ( ! dreams ! ,indians h _h1 nam+ all ! animals1 elem5ts & plants !y hold to be spirits4 ,none ( ! spirits ( ?+s t are useful to ! ,indians may be omitt$4 ,by wor%ipp+ all ! spirits nam$ !y consid] !mselves to be wor%ipp+ ,god1 :o has reveal$ 8 w to !m 9 dreams4 ,:5 ! fir/ s+] has f9i%$ he is foll[$ by ano!r4 ,betwe5 dances ! gue/s may /op to eat aga94 ,!re are f\r or five k9ds ( fea/s1 ! c]emonies ( :i* diff] mu* f "o ano!r4 8,at ^! fea/s !re are nev] less ?an f\r s]vants1 to ea* ( :om a fa?om ( wampum is giv5 t !y may c>e = all necess>y ?+s4 ,dur+ ! ?ree or f\r days !y h en\gh to d by day & by night4 ,!y h leave1 also1 to secure ! be/ ( provisions1 su* z sug>1 bilb]ries1 molasses1 eggs1 butt] & to sell ^! ?+s at a pr(it to gue/s & spectators40 ,adams' ,acc\nt4--,! be/ &1 9 fact1 ! only late acc\nt previ\s to 8 own fir/ article#dg ! writ] has se5 ( ! ,annual ,c]emony among ! ,l5ape 9 ,oklahoma1 is t writt5 by ,adams1#dh :i* reads z foll[s3 8,! peculi> /eps :i* !y use 9 ?is dance h caus$ ! "n #8/omp' or #8/amp' to be appli$ to x4 8,9 reg>d to ! /omp dances ( our p1 we h sev]al k9ds ( dances2 ! mo/ important "o is ! #8wor%ip dance' :i* is c>ri$ on 9 a l>ge build+ call$ a temple1 :i* is rectangul> & ranges f #fj to #hj feet long1 f #cj to #dj feet wide1 & is ab\t #aj feet high4 ,x is built ( wood ) #b doors4 ,! ma9 entrance is at ! ea/]n door1 & x has only a dirt floor4 8,on ea* po/ is c>v$ a human face4 ,on ! c5t] po/ or "o 9 ! c5t] ( ! build+ f\r faces are c>v$2 ea* face is pa9t$ "o-half r$ & "o-half black4 ,all ! p ent] at ! ea/ & g out ! same way4 ,:5 !y come 9 !y pass to ! "r ( ! fire1 & ea* ( ! ?ree clans ( ! ,delaw>es take seats next to ! wall1 ! ,turtle clan on ! s\?1 ! ,turkey on ! we/1 & ! ,wolf on ! nor?4 ,9 no case c any "o pass betwe5 ! c5t] po/ & ea/ door1 b mu/ g ar\nd ! c5t] po/1 ev5 to g to ! nor? side ( ! temple4 8,?is dance is held once ea* ye>1 9 ! fall1 & g5]ally 9 ,octob]1 9 ! full moon1 & la/s n less ?an #ab days = ea* "p4 ,! tribe is divid$ into ?ree clans1 & ea* clan has to g ?r\gh ! same "p1 s ! dance is sometimes #cf days long1 b sometimes ! second & ?ird clans d n dance m ?an #f days ea*4 8,! ,turtle clan usually lead or beg9 ! dance4 ,a tortoise %ell1 dri$ & beautifully poli%$ & conta9+ sev]al small pebbles1 is plac$ 9 ! s\!a/ corn] ne> ! door 9 front ( ! fir/ p]son4 ,if he has any?+ to say he takes ! %ell & rattles x1 & an answ] comes f ! s\? side ( ! temple f ! s+]s1 :o /rike on a dri$ de]'s hide3 !n ! p>ty :o has ! tortoise %ell makes an address or talk to ! p1 & ?anks ! ,great ,_s = bless+s1 & !n proce$s to dance1 go+ to ! "r & ar\nd ! fire1 foll[$ by all :o wi% to take "p1 & f9ally com+ to ! c5t] po/ he /ops !re2 !n all ! danc]s %ake h&s & return to _! seats4 ,!n ! %ell is pass$ to ! next p]son1 :o dances or passes x on1 z he *ooses4 8,on ! ?ird day ( ! dance all m51 bo? m>ri$ & s+le1 are requir$ to keep out ( ! company ( wom5 = #c days at lea/4 ,!y h a doorkeep]1 a lead]1 & #b or #c p>ties :o sweep ! gr\nd floor ) turkey w+s1 & :o also s]ve z deacons4 ,! a%es f ! fire are always tak5 out at ! we/ door1 & ! dirt is always swept 9 ! fire4 ,9 front ( ! ea/ door outside is a high pole on :i* v5ison hangs4 ,x is a fea/ dance & ! deacons di/ribute food among ! p4 ,! (fic]s & wait]s are paid 9 wampum = _! s]vices4 8,9 no case is a dog all[$ to ent] ! temple1 & no "o is all[$ to laugh inside x1 or 9 any way be rude4 ,ea* p]son is all[$ to speak & tell 8 dream or dreams or to give advice4 ,x is believ$ by ! ,delaw>es t e "o has a gu>dian _s :i* comes 9 ! =m ( "s bird1 animal1 or o!r ?+1 at times 9 dreams1 & tells !m :at to d & :at w happ54 ,! gu>dian _s is s5t f ! ,great ,_s4 8,traditions say t #aj ye>s be=e :ite m5 came to ?is c\ntry 7,am]ica7 a "y man told 8 dream 9 ! temple4 ,?is 0 on ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,he saw com+ across ! great wat]s a l>ge canoe ) p9ions 7w+s7 & conta9+ /range p1 & t 9 #aj ye>s !y w\ld 9 fact come4 ,he told ?is dream & pr$ict$ ! arrival ( ! :ite m5 ea* ye> until !y came & 7 se5 by 8 p4 ,_m ( our p /ill keep up ?is dance1 b ! temple is n s l>ge z x us$ to be1 & ! att5dance n[ is n m ?an #ajj p]sons4 ,any ,indian ( any tribe c also take "p 9 ! dance1 b no :ite man c4 8,:5 ! dance is ov] all ! p g out & /& 9 a s+le l9e f ea/ to we/ ) _! faces to ! s\?4 ,!n !y kneel d[n & pray1 & !n g home4 ,we d n "k ! orig9 ( ! wor%ip dance1 b ! old ,indians claim t ! ,great ,_s came _m ye>s ago & in/ruct$ x & also gave !m ! wampum40 ,9 spite ( sev]al inaccuracies1 su* z ! /atem5t t ! p face s\? 7in/ead ( ea/7 :ile pray+ aft] ! c]emony1 ?is acc\nt is valuable on acc\nt ( ! additional data x furni%es on sev]al po9ts ( int]e/1 especially ! tradition conc]n+ ! prophecy ( ! com+ ( ! :ites4 ,,ano!r ,,=m ,,( ,,! ,,annual ,,c]emony ,x appe>s t 9 =m] ye>s !re 01 9 addition to ! rite j describ$1 ano!r =m ( ! ,annual ,c]emony practis$ by ! ,l5ape1 be=e _! removal to :at is n[ ,oklahoma f ,kansas1 :]e ! la/ man to 8br+ 90 su* a meet+ 0 ,john ,s>coxie1 n[ dead4 ,! c]emony1 :i* 0 call$ ,muxhato,lz+1 seems1 f ! acc\nts giv5 ! writ] by 8 in=mants1 to h tak5 place 9 a simil> build+1 & to h be5 simil> 9 ritual to t j describ$1 except t x 0 held = only eight days in/ead ( twelve1 & t1 aft] ! return ( ! hunt]s ! sk9 ( "o ( ! de] !y _h br\ght 9 0 /uff$ ) grass & /ood up by ! c5tral po/ ( ! ,big ,h\se1 antl]s & all1 :ile ab\t its neck hung a /r+ ( wampum--p]haps z a propitiatory (f]+4 ,moreov] on ! morn+ ( ! la/ day ( ! c]emony a l>ge swea?\se 0 built & /ones heat$2 !n ab\t noon ! m5 :o _h be5 recit+ _! visions w5t into x1 ea* tak+ "o ( ! hot /ones ) him4 ,?is privilege 0 n conf9$ to ! actual celebrants h[ev]1 = e "o bless$ by a gu>dian _s ev5 if !y _h n sung _! visions 9 ! meet+1 0 entitl$ to c>ry 9 a /one & jo9 !m4 ,! entrance 0 !n clos$ & wat] p\r$ ^u ! /ones2 & :ile ! /eam rose & ! swea?\se grew hott] & hott] ! p]spir+ occupants pray$ to _! gu>dian spirits & recit$ _! visions4 ,^! f9i%$1 ) a %\t ( 8,!re g our pray]s to ,^? ,above10 ! cov] 0 sudd5ly snat*$ f ! swea?\se s t ! /eam x _h conta9$ rose 9 a puff4 ,if ! /eam cl\d w5t /raight up into ! air x 0 ?\ght t ! pray]s w\ld be he>d & answ]$1 & t all 0 well1 b if x broke & spread out ! p felt t some?+ _h gone wrong1 & t _! pray]s 7 ( no avail4 ,9 endeavor+ to expla9 ! pres5ce ( su* v>iations ( ! ,annual ,c]emony1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! ,l5ape n[ 9 ,oklahoma :om ! writ] has call$ = conv5i5ce 8,unami10 are n really pure desc5dants ( ?is tribe1 b probably h a l>ge proportion ( ! blood ( ! ,unalatko or ,unala*tigo1 ^: dialect1 accord+ to ,heckeweld]1 0 v simil>1 & a small] proportion ( ,m9si & ev5 ,nanticoke blood4 ,p]haps !n ! fir/ =m ( ,annual ,c]emony describ$ may h orig9ally be5 purely ,unami1 & ! second ,unala*tigo1 or ,m9si1 or vice v]sa2 b lat]1 :5 ! remnants ( ^! tribes became amalgamat$ _! mix$ desc5dants inh]it$ bo? =ms4 ,! second =m seems to be a v>iant ( ! rite m5tion$ by ,zeisb]g]#di :o describes x z foll[s3 8,a fif? k9d ( fe/ival is held 9 honor ( fire :i* ! ,indians reg>d z be+ _! gr&fa!r1 & call ,ma*tuz91 mean+ #8to p]spire4' ,a sweat+-ov5 is built 9 ! mid/ ( ! h\se ( sacrifice1 consi/+ ( twelve poles ea* ( a diff]5t species ( wood4 ,^! twelve poles repres5t twelve ,manittos1 "s ( ^! be+ creatures1 o!rs plants4 ,^! !y run into ! gr\nd1 tie toge!r at ! top1 b5d+ !m t[>d ea* o!r2 ^! are cov]$ entirely ) blankets1 jo9$ closely toge!r1 ea* p]son be+ v ready to l5d 8 blanket1 s t ! :ole appe>s l a bak]'s ov51 high en\gh ne>ly to admit a man /&+ upright4 ,aft] ! meal ( sacrifice1 fire is made at ! entrance ( ! ov5 & twelve l>ge /ones1 ab\t ! size ( human heads1 are heat$ & plac$ 9 ! ov54 ,!n twelve ,indians creep into x & rema9 !re z long z !y c be> ! heat4 ,:ile !y are inside twelve pipes full ( tobacco are ?r[n1 "o aft] ano!r1 ^u ! hot /ones1 :i* occasions a smoke almo/ p[]ful en\gh to suffocate ^? conf9$ inside4 ,"s "o may also walk ar\nd ! /ones s++ & (f]+ tobacco1 = tobacco is (f]$ to fire4 ,usually1 :5 ! twelve m5 em]ge f ! ov51 !y fall d[n 9 a swoon4 ,dur+ ?is fea/ a :ole bucksk9 ) ! head & antl]s is rais$ ^u a pole1 head & antl]s re/+ on ! pole1 be=e :i* ! ,indians s+ & pray4 ,!y d5y t !y pay any adoration to ! buck1 decl>+ t ,god alone is wor%ipp$ ?r\gh ?is m$ium & is s wor%ipp$ at 8 w40 ,t ?is is really ! same c]emony is %[n n only by ! details z relat$ b by ! native "n ( ! rite1 ! ,ma*tuz9 ( ,zeisb]g] correspond+ ) ! ,muxhato,lz+ ( ! pres5t writ]4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,m9si ,,big ,,h\se ,,c]emonies ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! great c]emonies ( ! ,m9si1 :i* correspond to ! annual c]emony ( ! ,unami1 0 obta9$ f ,*ief ,james ,wolf1 n[ deceas$1 & 8 nephew1 ,*ief ,nellis ,timo?y4 ,,my? ,,( ,,orig9 ,at fir/1 x appe>s1 ! ,indians did n "k h[ to wor%ip1 s ,ktantowt1 ! ,great ,manto or ,god1 n[ call$ ,patmawas1 came d[n & told !m :at to d4 ,aft] foll[+ 8 in/ructions1 !y wat*$ him :5 he asc5d$4 ,he c>ri$ twelve suma* /icks 9 8 h&1 & !y c\ld see !m %9e f> up 9 ! air4 ,e n[ & !n he dropp$ "o1 & :5 he dropp$ ! twelf? he disappe>$1 :ile !y he>d ! heav5s crack l ?und] beh9d him z he w5t 94 ,aft] ?is ! ,l5ape began to hold ^! meet+s accord+ to ! in/ructions he _h giv5 !m4 ,,numb] ,,( ,,c]emonies ,!re 7 two ( ^! c]emonies e ye>1 bo? held 9 ! ,m9si ,big ,h\se 7,watekan71 :i* 0 q simil> to t ( ! ,unami4 ,"o ( ^!1 p]=m$ ab\t ,june :5 ! wild /rawb]ries 7 ripe1 la/$ only a s+le night2 ! o!r1 e>ly 9 w9t]1 cov]$ twelve days & nights4 ,?is latt] corresponds to ! ,annual ,c]emony ( ! ,unami4 ,at ! ,june c]emony fre% /rawb]ries 7 made into a dr9k = ! p1 :i* rem9ds "o ( ! ,iroquois ,/rawb]ry ,dance1 or ,dance ( ,fir/ ,fruits1 z x is sometimes call$4 ,/rawb]ries 7 dri$ at ?is "t to make a dr9k = ! ,w9t] ,c]emony4 ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,! ,,big ,,h\se ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--;,drum ( dri$ de]sk91 ,m9si type4 ,e4 ,t4 ,tefft collection1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 7,l5g? #af4g 947 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--;a1 ,drum/ick1 ,m9si type2 b1 ,pray]/ick4 ,e4 ,t4 ,tefft collection1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 7,l5g? ( a1 #ai 947 ,l ! ,unami ,big ,h\se1 t ( ! ,m9si _h a l>ge c5tral po/ be>+ c>v$ faces2 b1 unlike t ( ! ,unami1 !re 0 a second %ort po/1 ne> ! c5tral "o1 ^u :i* 0 hung1 = ea* c]emony1 a raw fre% de]sk9 ) ! head & horns at ! top4 ,?is feature1 h[ev]1 corresponds ) ! second =m ( ! ,annual ,c]emony not$ among ! ,l5ape 9 ,oklahoma & also record$ by ,zeisb]g] 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,ne> ?is c5tral po/ ! s+]s sat1 & beat ) f\r c>v$ /icks ^u a dry de]hide fold$ into a squ>e1 9 lieu ( a drum 7fig4 #ad71 diff]+ f ! ,unami =m1 :i* is a roll$ dry de]sk9 ^u :i* are ti$ sev]al slats ( wood 7fig4 #h74 ,! drum/icks are flat1 resembl+ ^? ( ! ,unami1 z ea* be>s a face c>v$ ^u "o side1 b diff] f !m 9 ! =m ( ! =k$ end1 & 9 wid?4 ,"s1 x is said1 repres5t$ wom51 ! brea/s be+ indicat$ z among ! ,unami1 b ?is feature does n appe> 9 ! set collect$ by ! writ] at ,gr& ,riv] res]ve 7fig4 #ae1 a71 :i* ! ,indians said 7 repres5tative ( ! ,m9si type4 ,!re 7 two poles laid along on ea* side f end to end ( ! ,big ,h\se to divide ! danc+ place 9 ! c5t] f ! sitt+ places on ! side1 :i* 7 cov]$ ) a special k9d ( leaves4 ,along ^! poles twelve little suma* /icks 7fig4 #ae1 b71 peel$ & pa9t$1 7 laid = twelve p to hold 9 _! h&s1 & tap on ! poles 9 "t to ! music4 ,!re 7 also provid$ a turtle rattle1 :i* 0 plac$ at ! foot ( ! c5tral pole2 a fire-drill :i* ,nellis ,timo?y ?9ks 0 work$ on ! 8pump-drill0 pr9ciple1 l t ( ! ,unami1 & a lot ( entirely new & unus$ b[ls & spoons ( b>k4 ,unlike ! ,unami cu/om1 bo? doors ( ! ,big ,h\se 7 us$1 ! p always go+ 9 at ! ea/ door & com+ out at ! we/1 & "h also 7l ! ,unami7 ! a%es 7 c>ri$ out4 8,! ,sun & ev]y?+ else goes t[>d ! we/10 say ! ,m9si1 9 explanation1 8ev5 ! dead :5 !y die40 ,,prelim9>ies ,! fir/ act rememb]$ by ! in=mants prep>atory to hold+ a meet+ 0 to s5d to ea* man 9 ! tribe :o _h be5 bless$ by a 8vision ( p[]10 a little /ick :i* repres5t$ an invitation to ! c]emony1 ! "t ( :i* ! mess5g] gave out1 be=e :i* date ! p leav+ _! scatt]$ homes ga!r$ & camp$ ab\t ! ,big ,h\se4 ,mean:ile hunt]s 7 s5t out1 appo9t$ be=e1 n dur+ ! meet+ z among ! ,unami1 to br+ 9 = ! ,w9t] ,c]emony1 if possible1 exactly twelve de]1 :i* 7 cook$ by f\r "y m5 :o s]v$ z att5dants 9 a small sep>ate h\se1 built = ! purpose4 ,fire4--,! fire 0 made ) a fire-drill by a gr\p ( old m5 = use 9 ! ,big ,h\se1 b1 z among ! ,unami1 none ( x c\ld be tak5 outside dur+ ! c]emony4 ,purification4--,:5 ! two fires _h be5 built1 b be=e ! cr[d _h ga!r$1 ! h\se 0 purifi$ by ! smoke ( hemlock b\ghs ?r[n on ! flames1 & by sweep+ ! floor ) turkey-w+ fans1 :i* cle>$ away bo? dirt & evil influ5ces4 ,,op5+ ,,( ,,! ,,c]emony ,*ief's ,spee*4--,! next /ep 0 = ! att5dants to call 9 all ! p f _! camps except ! wom5 9 _! m5ses :o 7 n all[$ to ent]4 ,:5 all 7 seat$1 ! speak] rose & address$ ^? assembl$ 9 t]ms l ! foll[+3 8,we are n[ ga!r$ "h1 our h\se is purifi$ & clean1 & ,patmawas is ) u1 ready to he> our wor%ip4 ,we mu/ ?ank ,him = all ! ?+s t we enjoy1 = ,he made !m e "o40 ,!n he proce$$ to tell ! p n to dr9k liquor1 nor to d any?+ wrong 9 ! ,big ,h\se or 9 ! camp ab\t x1 & advis$ !m to be always hone/ & k9d & hospitable4 ,he held virtue z some?+ to be foll[$1 at ! same "t condemn+ evil1 e vice t he c\ld ?9k ( be+ m5tion$4 ,! *ief !n gave ?anks = ev]y?+ he c\ld rememb]1 f ! heav5ly bodies to ! animals1 trees1 & h]bs ( ! e>?1 n =gett+ corn1 beans1 & squa%es2 & pray] = successful hunt+ & good heal? = all ! p4 ,at ! summ] meet+ he pray$ = good crops also4 ,:5 he _h f9i%$1 be>'s fat 0 ?r[n on ! two fires1 & ! smoke rose & fill$ ! place ) its odor4 ,,c]emonial ,,dr9k ,at ?is po9t x 0 cu/om>y to pass ar\nd a vessel ( dr9k made ( cru%$ wild /rawb]ries1 f :i* ea* p]son pres5t swall[$ ab\t a spoonful1 a dr9k made at ! ,summ] ,c]emony ( fre% fruit1 b 9 w9t] necess>ily ( b]ries dri$ = ! purpose4 ,,recital ,,( ,,visions ,! fir/ man to relate 8 vision 7my in=mant did n rememb] :e!r he 0 ! "o :o 8br\ght 90 ! meet+ or n7 took up ! turtle rattle f its place at ! foot ( ! po/ & began to %ake x rapidly1 :ile ! s+]s /ruck ! drum ( dry hide4 ,he !n recit$ ! /ory ( 8 vision ( p[]1 /ill keep+ ! rattle %ak+1 foll[+ ?is ) 8 dance song1 at ! same "t danc+ & rattl+ ! turtle%ell4 ,any "o :o wi%$ to dance 0 suppos$ to give wampum to ! vision-tell] = ! privilege4 ,"s :o 7 well (f w\ld give him an entire /r+1 o!rs m]ely a few beads4 ,^! ! vision-tell] w\ld take1 :5 he _h q a h&ful1 to two (fic]s :o sat 9 a corn] ( ! build+1 ^: duty x 0 to c\nt ! wampum1 aft] :i* x 0 kept by ! *ief or lead]4 ,sometimes if a poor p]son :o _h no wampum wi%$ to dance1 !y w\ld give him "s to pay ! vision-tell]4 ,a translat$ example ( a ,m9si vision *ant & dance song has already be5 giv54 ,:5 ! dream-tell] f9i%$ ! fir/ v]se ( 8 dance song1 he exclaim$1 8,e-ye-he-ye-60 :]eupon ! s+]s took up ! /ra9 & sang ! v]se sev]al times1 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o wi%$ to dance1 omitt+1 h[ev]1 ! f9al exclamation1 b ^? :o _h b\ght ! privilege rose & danc$ :]e !y /ood1 in/ead ( circl+ ar\nd1 z among ! ,unami4 ,ea* 8set0 end$ ) a :oop1 8kwi604 ,:5 ! vision-tell] f9i%$ danc+1 he w5t ar\nd ! h\se & %ook h&s ) ev]yone2 !n ! turtle rattle 0 pass$ to ano!r man :o _h be5 bless$ ) a vision1 & s on1 until all ^? qualifi$1 :o wi%$ to recite _! visions1 _h done s4 ,,o!r ,,features ,! ,pray] ,cry4--,f "t to "t dur+ ! night ! pray] cry 8,ho-o-o60 0 repeat$ twelve times1 & ! twelf? cry1 !y say1 0 he>d by ! ,great ,manto4 ,fea/4--,! p 7 accu/om$ to eat a light supp] be=e go+ into ! meet+2 !n ab\t midnight ! f\r att5dants c>ri$ ar\nd baskets ) boil$ meat & corn bread1 & 9 ! morn+1 be=e leav+ ! ,big ,h\se1 a regul> fea/ ( v5ison 0 s]v$ 9 new b>k b[ls & eat5 ) new b>k spoons especially made = ! purpose4 ,f9al ,address4--,be=e ! meet+ clos$1 ! speak] aga9 address$ ! p1 tell+ !m to d "r1 & pray$ t ! hunt]s ab\t to leave = ! w9t] hunt might be successful1 & t all might live to meet aga94 ,,conclusion ,,( ,,rites ,9 ! morn+ aft] ! c]emonies 9 ! ,big ,h\se 7 f9i%$1 ! p fil$ out ?r\gh ! we/ door1 circl$ ab\t ! build+1 & l9$ up1 fac+ ea/w>d1 to ! ea/ ( x4 ,!n !y rais$ _! h&s & cri$ 8,ho-o-o60 twelve times1 & ! twelf? "t1 x is said1 _! cry rea*$ ,heav54 ,9 comp>+ ?is =m ( ! ,annual ,c]emony ) t ( ! ,oklahoma ,l5ape ! mo/ noticeable diff]5ce is t "h no mask$ imp]sonator ( ,ms+hlikn 0 se5 9 or ab\t ! ,big ,h\se1 ! ,masks among ! ,m9si1 z ) ! ,iroquois1 con/itut+ a society ) its own sep>ate rites4 ,,gr& ,,riv] ,,v]sion ,su* 0 ! v]sion ( ! great c]emonies giv5 ! writ] by ! ,m9si ( ,munceyt[n1 ,ont>io1 :i* is simil> to1 b m detail$ 9 p>ts ?an1 ! acc\nt previ\sly obta9$ f ! ,delaw>es ( ,gr& ,riv] res]ve1 publi%$ by ! writ] 9 ! ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/#ej :i* we w reproduce "h4 ,x w be notic$ t ?is description gives full] in=mation 9 "s places :]e ! fir/ is defici5t2 s t betwe5 ?is & ! prec$+ acc\nt1 a good g5]al idea ( ! ,m9si =m ( ! c]emony c be recon/ruct$4 ,x reads3 8,9 ! old religi\s c]emonies ( ! ,delaw>es at ,gr& ,riv] a v peculi> drum 0 us$1 a dry sk9 fold$ 9 rectangul> =m & beat5 ) f\r /icks1 ea* be>+ a t9y human head c>v$ 9 relief 7fig4 #ae1 a74 ,i secur$ ! set ( f\r orig9al /icks f ,mi*ael ,an?ony 7,nankmaoxa71 & employ$ him to make me a reproduction ( ! drum 7fig4 #ad7 z ! orig9al _h be5 de/roy$4 ,?is he did1 & 9 addition made six pa9t$ /icks 7fig4 #ae1 b7 also us$ 9 ! c]emony4 ,! description ( h[ ^! articles 7 us$1 piec$ toge!r f sev]al ,indian acc\nts1 may prove ( int]e/ "h4 8,x appe>s t ! ,delaw>es ( ,six ,nations ,res]ve =m]ly held :at 0 kn[n z a #8,g5]al ,?anksgiv+' c]emony call$ 9 ,l5ape ,gitctlakan1 twice a ye>1 once 9 ! spr+ & aga9 9 ! fall4 ,at ^! times x 0 cu/om>y to meet 9 ! ,cayuga long-h\se1 borr[$ = ! occasion4 ,at a c]ta9 po9t 9 ! proce$+s 7,i %all n attempt a consecutive description f he>say te/imony7 a man /ood up & recit$1 9 a ry?mical s+-song tone1 8 dream--! vision ( p[] se5 by him 9 8 y\?4 ,nankmaoxa rememb]$ h[ "o old man 0 accu/om$ to tell ab\t a duck1 half black & half :ite1 :i* _h appe>$ to him4 ,betwe5 ! v]ses ( ! dream f\r musicians kneel+ at ! drum 7pwawahegn7 began a pla9tive song1 beat+ "t ) ! c>v$ /icks 7pwawahegnk74 ,z !y sang1 ! recit] sway$ 8 body to & fro1 :ile a gr\p ( danc]s ga!r$ on ! floor beh9d him danc$ ) a sidewise /ep4 ,be=e ! c]emony1 poles 7 laid l5g?wise along bo? sides ( ! c\ncil h\se1 & aga9/ ^!1 at int]vals1 ?ree on a side1 ! pa9t$ /icks1 call$ mkhign1 7 laid4 ,if anyone 9 ! cr[d felt #8especially happy' he 0 privileg$ to /rike ) "o ( ^! /icks ^u "o ( ! poles 9 "t to ! music4 ,! c>v$ heads on ! drum/icks meant t human be+s 7 giv+ ?anks2 ! l5g?wise pa9t+ ( ! /icks1 half black & half r$1 impli$ t m5 & wom5 7 toge!r 9 ?anksgiv+1 ! black repres5t+ ! w>riors1 ! r$ ! wom54 ,! =k at ! /rik+ end ( ! /icks 0 to give a %>p] s\nd4 ,! dyes = produc+ ! colors 7 made by boil+ b>k1 ! black be+ s(t maple 7sexikim9si71 & ! r$1 r$ ald] b>k 7witopi74 8,9 ano!r "p ( ! same c]emony wampum 0 us$ 9 ! =m ( /r+s & bun*es1 bo? ( :i* 7 repres5t$ 9 my collection f ! ,delaw>es4 ,at lea/ ?irte5 ( ! /r+s 7 us$1 ea* "o made diff]5t by diff]5t comb9ations ( ! :ite & purple beads4 ,^! ?irte51 x is said1 repres5t$ respectively 7#a7 ,e>?2 7#b7 ,plants2 7#c7 ,/reams & ,wat]s2 7#d7 ,corn1 ,beans1 & ,vegetables2 7#e7 ,wild ,birds & ,bea/s2 7#f7 ,w9ds2 7#g7 ,sun2 7#h7 ,moon2 7#i7 ,sky2 7#aj7 ,/>s2 7#aa7 ,?und] & ,ra92 7#ab7 ,spirits2 & 7#ac7 ,great ,_s4 ,at ! c]emony ^! /r+s 7 laid ^u a b5* be=e a speak]1 :o pick$ !m up "o by "o z he made 8 address1 ea* /r+ rem9d+ him ( "o "p ( 8 spee*4 ,he began1 my in=mant told me1 by expla9+ t ! ,great ,_s _h made all ?+s--! e>?1 plants1 /reams1 & wat]s--ev]y?+4 ,hav+ ?us enum]at$ all ! ?+s repres5t$ by ! wampum1 he proce$$ to speak to ea* ( ! rema9+ twelve directly1 hold+ ! appropriate /r+ 9 8 h&4 ,?us he gave ?anks to ! ,e>? = ! b5efits x gives to man1 & pray$ t its bless+s might cont9ue2 !n ?ank$ 9 ! same way ! ,plants1 ! ,/reams & ,wat]s1 ! ,w9ds2 ! ,corn1 ,beans1 & ,vegetables--ea* "o 9 turn4 ,z he f9i%$ ea* /r+ he h&$ x to an att5dant1 :o laid x aside4 ,:5 8 long spee* or pray] 0 f9i%$1 he ann\nc$1 #8,we w n[ enjoy ourselves1' & select$ a man to di/ribute little bun*es ( wampum1 ?ree beads 9 ea*1 :i* s]v$ z invitations to jo9 9 ! danc+ t foll[$4 ,^! bun*es 7 deliv]$ only to a c]ta9 numb] ( ^? kn[n to be #8sob] & hone/' among ! cr[d 9 ! long-h\se4 ,if any p]son wi%+ to dance fail$ to get invitation wampum1 x 0 8 privilege to ask = "o ( ! bun*es1 :i* 0 giv5 him if he 0 consid]$ qualifi$4 ,! fir/ man receiv+ wampum arose fir/2 !n ! o!rs1 until ! danc]s 7 all on ! floor4 ,x is said t ?is dance1 :i* sometimes la/$ all night1 did n circle ar\nd l mo/ ( ! ,iroquois dances1 b ea* p]=m] rema9$ 9 ab\t ! same spot4 8,i 0 told t 9 ?is dance a small rattle )\t a h&le & made ( turtle%ell 0 us$1 probably l ! box-turtle rattle /ill us$ 9 ! annual ,plant+ ,dance by ! ,s5eca & ,cayuga40 ,,waubuno',s ,,v]sion ,! only ext5d$ acc\nt 9 pr9t1 kn[n to ! writ]1 ( ! great c]emonies ( ! ,m9si1 beside 8 own1 quot$ above1 is t furni%$ by ,john ,wampum1 kn[n z ,*ief ,waubuno1#ea :i* reads z foll[s3 8,!y kept annual fea/s3--444 a fea/ ( fir/ fruits :i* !y d n p]mit !mselves to ta/e until !y h made an (f]+ ( !m to ! manitu-oo-al1 or gods2 444 ,!re is "o ( ! greate/ sacrifice (f]+s ( our =efa!rs e six mon?s = cleans+ !mselves f s92 !y w h twelve de]s to be consum$ 9 "o day & night4 ,at ! great fea/ ( ! (f]+s ( ! fir/ fruits ( ! e>?1 :i* fea/ ! ,delaw>es or ,munceys hold annually1 !y br\ght a little ( all t !y rais$1 su* z ,indian corn1 or hweisk-queem1 potatoes1 beans1 pumpk9s1 squa%es1 toge!r ) ! de]4 ,! ,indian wom5 7 busily engag$ 9 cook+ _! provisions1 previ\s to ! comm5cem5t ( _! ex]cises4 ,!y invit$ all /rang]s into a long pagan temple prep>$ = su* purposes1 !re is a door at ea* end--"o op5+ to ! ea/1 & "o op5+ to ! we/4 ,on ent]+1 !y ) all ! ,indians 7 seat$ on ! gr\nd ar\nd two fires2 9 ! c5t] ( ! temple 0 a l>ge po/1 ar\nd :i* 0 susp5d$ a numb] ( de] sk9s1 & wampum is kept buri$ at ! foot ( ?is po/4 ,ne> ! po/ sat two ,indian s+]s1 ea* ) a l>ge bundle ( undress$ de] sk9s :i* s]v$ z drums4 ,!re 7 two "y m5 appo9t$ to wat* ! doors & keep ! fires burn+1 ! doors be+ clos$4 ,ea* ( ! "y m5 br\ght an armful ( hemlock b\ghs1 :i* be+ ?r[n on ! fires smo!r$ !m & caus$ a great smoke4 ,9 ord] t ! smoke might fill e corn] ( ! temple1 ea* man wav$ 8 blanket ov] ! fire2 ?is 0 done ) ! idea ( purify+ ! temple & driv+ out ! evil spirits4 ,aft] ! smoke _h subsid$1 ! ma/] ( c]emonies1 an old *ief1 rose & began to rattle a turtle %ell he _h 9 8 h&4 ,he deliv]$ a spee* to ! p tell+ !m ! object ( ! meet+ 0 to ?ank ! great _s = ! gr[? & rip5+ ( ! corn4 ,:5 he f9i%$ 8 spee* he began to dance1 s+ & rattle ! %ell1 ! two s+]s jo9+ 91 beat+ on _! sk9s4 ,:5 he took 8 seat he h&$ ! %ell to ! next p]son1 :o p]=m$ 9 ! same way1 ?us x w5t f "o to ! o!r all night4 ,! purport ( _! spee*es 0 to rec\nt ! m]cies ( ! ,great ,_s to !m dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 & tell+ any rem>kable dreams t !y _h _h4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! night a numb] ( !m w5t out ! we/ door1 mak+ a wail+ noise to ! moon1 & came 9 aga9 ! ea/ door4 ,9 ! morn+ ! meat & s\p 7 divid$ among/ ! p4 8,^! fea/s (t5 la/$ twelve days & twelve nights1 & ! ,indians call x nee-%aw-nee*k-togho-quanoo-maun1 or we5-da-mu*-te54 ,no dr9k+ or improp] conduct is all[$4 ,! utmo/ solemnity prevails40 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,m,,si,,ng ,,or ,,mask ,! ,m9si v]sion ( ! my? expla9+ ! orig9 ( _! great c]emonies has be5 already relat$1 b n t ( ! ,unami1 = ! latt]1 :i* conc]ns itself ) ! orig9 ( ! ,unami rites z n[ practis$1 is s intimately int]wov5 ) ! /ory ( ! ,msing1 or mask 7fig4 #a71 t x 0 ?\ght be/ to place x 9 ! *apt] devot$ to t curi\s be+1 ) ^: position 9 ! ,l5ape pan!on1 record$ hi/ory1 & activities 9 ! ,annual ,c]emony1 we h already become acqua9t$4 ,! my? is !re=e pres5t$ h]e)1 z relat$ by ,*ief ,*>ley ,elkhair1 ! ,l5ape ma/] ( c]emonies1 ) only su* additions z lat] que/ion+ br\ght =?4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,mask1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,big ,,h\se ,?is is ! way ! ,l5ape f\nd out t !re is a liv+ ,ms+hlikn above u4 ,_m ye>s ago1 :5 ! ,delaw>es liv$ 9 ! ,ea/1 !re 7 ?ree boys :o 7 n treat$ v well4 ,_! relatives did n take c>e ( !m1 & x seem$ z if x made no diff]5ce :e!r ! *ildr5 di$ or n4 ,^! boys 7 out 9 ! woods ?9k+ ab\t _! tr\bles1 :5 !y saw ! ,ms+hlikn or ,liv+ ,solid ,face4 ,he came & spoke to !m1 & gave !m /r5g? s t no?+ c\ld hurt !m aga94 ,to "o ( ^! boys he said1 8,y come along ) me & ,i w %[ y ! c\ntry ,i come f40 ,s he took ! boy up 9 ! air to ! place :5ce he came1 :i* is rocky m\nta9s above u1 rea*+ out f ! nor? & ext5d+ t[>d ! s\?4 ,x is n ! place :]e p g :5 !y die1 = x is n v f> f ?is e>?4 ,a long "t ago p c\ld see ?is c\ntry ( ,ms+hlikn1 b none c see x n[4 ,:ile he 0 %[+ ! boy 8 c\ntry1 ! ,ms+hlikn promis$ him t he w\ld become /\t & /rong1 & w\ld h ! p[] to get any?+ he wi%$4 ,!n he br\ght ! boy back4 ,aft]w>d1 :5 ! boy grew up & w5t hunt+1 he us$ to see ! ,ms+hlikn rid+ a buck ar\nd among ! o!r de]1 h]d+ !m toge!r4 ,?us x happ5$ t !re 7 ?ree m5 9 ! tribe1 :o knew t !re is a ,ms+hlikn1 because !y _h se5 him ) _! own eyes4 ,! ,delaw>es _h always kept a ,big ,h\se 7xingwikan7 to wor%ip 91 b 9 ^? days x 0 built entirely ( b>k & _h no faces ( ! ,msing c>v$ ^u ! po/s z x has n[4 ,"h !y us$ to s+ ab\t _! dreams 7visions ( p[]72 b "s "t aft] ! ?ree boys talk$ ) ! ,ms+hlikn1 ! p gave up ?is wor%ip1 & = t5 ye>s _h none4 ,!n !re came a great e>?quake1 :i* la/$ twelve mon?s & gave great tr\ble to ! ,l5ape4 ,x came because !y _h ab&on$ ! wor%ip _! fa!rs _h taught !m4 ,9 ^? times ! tribe liv$ 9 t[ns1 n scatt]$ ab\t ! c\ntry z !y are n[1 & 9 "o ( ^! t[ns a *ief _h a big b>k h\se1 & "h ! p met to wor%ip1 hop+ to /op ! e>?quake1 :ile !y 7 build+ a new ,big ,h\se4 ,:5 x 0 f9i%$1 !y began to wor%ip !re1 & sang & pray$ all w9t] = relief4 ,aft] spr+ came1 !y 7 hold+ a meet+ "o night :5 !y he>d ! ,ms+hlikn mak+ a noise1 8,ho-ho-ho10 "r ea/ ( ! ,big ,h\se4 ,! *ief1 :o did n "k :at 0 mak+ ! noise1 call$ = somebody to g & see :at x 04 ,!n ^! ?ree m5 (f]$ to g1 because1 z !y said1 !y knew :at 0 mak+ ! noise & c\ld f9d out :at he want$4 ,s !y w5t out & f\nd ,ms+hlikn1 & ask$ him :at he want$4 ,he answ]$3 8,g back & tell ! o!rs to /op hold+ meet+s & att5d to _! crops4 ,d n meet aga9 until fall1 :5 ,i w come & live ) y1 & help 9 ! ,big ,h\se4 ,y mu/ take wood & c>ve a face 7,msing7 j l m9e1 pa9t$ half black & half r$1 z m9e is1 & ,i w put my p[] 9 x1 s t x w d :at y ask4 ,:5 ! man :o takes my "p puts ! face on1 ,i w be !re1 & ?is is h[ ,i w live among y4 ,?is man mu/ c>ry a turtle rattle & a /ick1 j z ,i d n[40 ,!n he told !m h[ to fix ! twelve c>v$ faces on ! po/s ( ! ,big ,h\se1 & ! faces on ! drum/icks1 & taught !m h[ to hold ! c]emony4 ,!n he said3 8,y mu/ also give me hom9y e ye> 9 ! spr+4 ,i take c>e ( ! de] & o!r game1 t is :at ,i am =4 ,:]ev] y build ! ,big ,h\se1 ,i w keep ! de] close by1 s t y c get !m :5 y ne$ !m4 8,nev] give up ! ,big ,h\se4 ,if y d1 !re w be ano!r e>?quake1 or some?+ else j z bad4 8,! e>?quake /opp$ t "t2 t is :y ! ,delaw>es h kept ! ,msing & ! ,big ,h\se ev] s9ce4 ,! ,mask is left 9 *>ge ( "s family :o w take good c>e ( x1 & burn ,indian tobacco = x f "t to "t40 ,x w be se5 t1 accord+ to ! above tradition1 ! ,msing 01 fir/ ( all1 a p]sonal help]1 or gu>dian ,_s1 t aft]w>d became m or less ( a tribal deity1 & t 8 cult became engraft$ on ! ,annual ,c]emony among ! ,unami1 ! rites ( :i* 7 already anci5t among !m4 ,t ?is engraft+ really took place seems possible f ! fact t among ! ,m9si !re 7 no mask$ p]=m]s at ! ,big ,h\se c]emonies1 & t1 :ile ! c5tral po/ ( ! temple 0 provid$ ) c>v$ faces1 ! masks _h an entirely diff]5t function among ?is p4 ,! innovation1 if x took place at all1 mu/ h be5 be=e ,bra9]d's#eb "t1 h[ev]1 =1 z relat$ 9 our fir/ *apt]1 he f\nd ! ,msing & ,big ,h\se 9 use1 z among ! ,unami today1 z e>ly z ,may1 #agde1 :ile travel+ among ! ,delaw>es liv+ at t "t on ,susquehanna riv]4 ,m,,si,,ng ,,dance ,besides ! "p tak5 by ! ,msing 9 ! ,annual ,c]emony1 he has c]ta9 rites peculi> to himself :i* 7 held e spr+4 ,z ! ,indians put x3 8,:5 spr+ comes1 ! ,delaw>es are glad1 & !y are ?ankful t _! help]1 ! ,msing is /ill among !m4 ,= ?is reason !y give a fea/ & dance to make him happy too40 ,notification4--,s at ! "t ( ! full moon 7ab\t ,may71 ! keep] ( ! mask gives ano!r ,indian a y>d ( wampum to ride ar\nd to all ! ,delaw>e h\ses1 we>+ ! mask & be>sk9 co/ume 7pl4 ,,ii7 to let ! p "k t ! "t = ! ,msing dance 7,ms+knk7 is at h&4 ,! ,msing rides horseback1 & ano!r man1 also m\nt$1 foll[s him to see t he comes to no h>m4 ,at ea* h\se ! imp]sonator dism\nts & ent]s1 mak+ kn[n 8 err& by signs1 b say+ only 8,ho-ho-ho10 & ev]y:]e !y give him tobacco1 :i* he puts 9 8 sack4 ,at ?is "t ! p fright5 disob$i5t *ildr5 ) ! ?reat t1 unless !y behave1 ! ,msing w c>ry !m away 9 a sack full ( snakes4 ,prep>ations4--,! dance-gr\nd cu/om>ily us$ = ?is purpose has mean:ile be5 put 9 ord]1 a cle>$ place 9 ! woods select$ = good %ade & pleasant surr\nd+s1 & ! logs :i* s]ve z seats arrang$ to =m ! rectangle )9 :i* ! dance takes place4 ,a great pot ( hom9y is also prep>$2 ?is con/itutes ! ma9 di% ( ! fea/4 ,! ,c]emony4--,:5 ! p h ga!r$ on ! night appo9t$1 & ! imp]sonator has return$ f ! bu%es :]e he retir$ to dress1 we>+ ! mask & be>sk9 suit 7pl4 ,,ii71 ! speak] addresses ! p & relates ! orig9 ( ! dance1 !n address+ ! ,msing1 says1 8,take c>e ( u :ile we are danc+1 s t ev]y?+ goes smoo?ly40 ,!n !y h a dance 9 :i* ! ,msing jo9s1 b he dances ar\nd ! outside ( ! circle ( p1 n ) !m4 ,:5 !y h f9i%$1 he dances twelve *anges alone1 :i* occupies ! "t until morn+4 ,:5 daylight appe>s1 ! hom9y is br\ght out & ev]yone eats1 includ+ ! ,msing1 aft] :i* ! speak] says1 8,n[ we h eat5 ) our ,msing4 ,we w h ?is dance aga9 next spr+40 ,! p !n disp]se to _! homes1 ! ,msing is put away & ! imp]sonator paid a y>d ( wampum = 8 danc+4 ,at ?is dance ! s+]s keep "t by /rik+ ) /icks on a dry de]hide roll$ ov] & /uff$ ) dri$ grass1 v simil> to ! 8drum0 us$ 9 ! ,big ,h\se4 ,adams' ,acc\nt4--,! only acc\nt ! writ] has se5 ( ?is c]emony is t ( ,adams'1#ec ! *ief inaccuracy ( :i* is ! /atem5t t ! dance is 8only = amusem5t40 ,x furni%es1 h[ev]1 sev]al additions to our k ( ! 8,solid ,face40 ,x is z foll[s3 8,mess+q or ,solid ,face ,dance or ,devil ,dance4--,! pr9cipal lead] 9 ?is dance is ! ,mess+q1 an ,indian1 :o is dress$ 9 a be>sk9 robe ) a wood5 face1 "o-half r$ & "o-half black4 ,he has a l>ge be>sk9 p\* & c>ries a /ick 9 "o h& & a tortoise %ell rattle 9 ! o!r4 ,he is a v active p]son4 ,! dance is only = amusem5t1 & m5 & wom5 jo9 9 x4 ,a l>ge place is cle>$ 9 ! woods1 & ! gr\nd is swept clean & a fire built 9 ! c5t]4 ,across ! fire & inside ( ! r+ is a long hickory pole support$ at ea* end by wood5 =ks set 9 ! gr\nd4 ,on ! ea/ ( ?is pole ! s+]s /&2 on ! we/ end is a v5ison or de]1 :i* is roa/$4 ,ab\t daylight1 :5 ! dance is ne>ly ov]1 all ! danc]s eat ( ! v5ison4 ,!y h a dri$ de] hide /ret*$ ov] "s hickory poles1 & /&+ ar\nd x beat on ! hide & s+4 ,! danc]s proce$ ar\nd ! fire to ! "r1 ! wom5 on ! inside next to ! fire4 ,aft] ! dance is "u headway ! ,mess+q comes f ! d>kness1 jumps ov] ! danc]s1 & dances betwe5 ! o!r danc]s & ! fire4 ,he makes "s funny & que] ge/ures1 kicks ! fire1 & !n dep>ts4 ,! ,mess+q is nev] all[$ to talk1 b frequ5tly he visits ! p at _! homes4 ,he is a t]ror to little *ildr51 & :5 he comes to a h\se or t5t ! man ( ! h\se usually gives him a piece ( tobacco1 :i* ! ,mess+q smells & puts 9 8 big p\*1 aft] :i* he turns ar\nd & kicks back t[>d ! giv] :i* means #8?ank y1' & dep>ts4 ,he nev] ?9ks ( climb+ a f5ce1 b jumps ov] x e "t t "o is 9 8 way4 ,! ,devil dance is :at ! :ite m5 call x1 b ! ,delaw>es call x ! ,mess+q1 or #8solid face' dance4 ,! ,mess+q does n repres5t an evil _s1 b is always consid]$ a peacemak]4 ,i suppose t x is f 8 hide\s appe>ance t :ite m5 call him ! devil40 ,,o!r ,,functions ,,( ,m,,si,,ng ,! ,msing ! ,indians claim1 8takes c>e ( ! *ildr510 z well z ( ! de]1 = z be=e relat$ if any ,delaw>e has a *ild :o is weak1 sickly1 or disob$i5t1 he s5ds = ! ,msing & asks him to 8att5d to0 8 *ild4 ,on 8 arrival x does n take ! imp]sonator long to fright5 ! weakness1 sickness1 or laz9ess out ( su* *ildr51 s t 8aft]w>d !y are well & /rong1 & :5ev] !y are told to d a ?+1 !y lose no "t 9 obey+40 ,?is is ! only trace ( ! doctor+ function ( ! mask f\nd among ! ,unami4 ,:5 ! keep] ( ! ,msing burns tobacco = him & asks = good luck 9 hunt+1 8x turns out t way e "t20 & ! ,l5ape say moreov] t if anyone loses horses or cattle1 ei!r /ray$ away or /ol51 he c g to ! keep] ( ! ,msing ) "s tobacco z a gift & get !m back4 ,he expla9s 8 err& to ! keep]1 :o 9 turn in=ms ! ,msing t !y want him to look = ! horses or cattle4 ,! los] !n goes back home1 & aft] a few days ! miss+ animals return1 driv5 back by ! ,msing1 :o if !y _h be5 ti$ or hobbl$ by ! ?ieves1 fright5$ !m until !y broke away & came home4 ,:5 ! ,big ,h\se meet+ is held 9 ! fall1 ! ,msing1 z be=e relat$1 is se5 go+ ar\nd among ! t5ts ( ! ,delaw>es assembl$1 & 9 & out ( ! ,big ,h\se1 always com+ f ! woods1 :]e ! imp]sonator has a place to *ange 8 clo!s4 ,! ,indians say3 8,he helps ! p ) _! hunt+1 & also helps 9 ! ,big ,h\se :ile ! c]emonies are 9 progress4 ,if he f9ds anyone !re :o has n done "r1 he in=ms ! ?ree gu>ds ( ! meet+1 :o take t p]son & put him out4 ,9 all ^! ways ! ,msing helps ! ,delaw>es40 ,,masks ,,( ,,! ,,m9si ,! ,m9si ,mizink 7cognate ) ! ,unami ,msing7 0 a mask made ( wood ) copp] or brass eyes & a crook$ nose1 accord+ to my in=mants at ,munceyt[n2 & judg+ by ,pet] ,jones' draw+s 7pl4 ,,iii7 !y 7 provid$ also ) hair1 tufts ( fea!rs1 & j+l+ copp] cones or de]-ho(s4 ,! ,miz9k at ,gr& riv] 0 ( ,m9si type1 judg+ by ! specim5 obta9$ by ! writ] 7fig4 #d74 ,su* masks 7 made to repres5t ,miz9khlikn1 :o 0 8some?+ l a p]son1 b diff]5t f ! ,indians1 & 0 p[]ful4 ,!y saw him fir/ among ! rocks on a hill1 & he spoke to !m & told !m :at to d to get 8 p[]4 ,:5 a man put on a ,miz9k he receiv$ ! p[] ( ?is p]son or _s2 he c\ld ev5 see beh9d him1 & c\ld cure diseases40 ,! ,mask ,society4--,! m5 :o own$ ^! masks =m$ a k9d ( society :i* ,nellis ,timo?y says orig9ally _h twelve memb]s1 b :i*1 be=e x disb&$1 dw9dl$ to ab\t five4 ,sometimes only two appe>$ 9 co/ume4 ,! society _h a meet+-h\se ( its own :]e its dances1 ,miz9kntka1 7 held1 =1 unlike ! ,unami cu/om1 no ,miz9k ev] appe>$ 9 ! ,big ,h\se4 ,! memb]s appe>$ we>+ _! masks & clad 9 r\gh be>sk9 & de]sk9 co/umes1 :ile "s1 at lea/1 7 provid$ ) a turtle%ell rattle :i* !y w\ld rub on a long pole1 cry+ 8,o-o-o60 ! :ile4 ,c]emonies4--,:ile no consecutive acc\nt ( _! c]emonies is n[ rememb]$1 x 0 said t !y sometimes put d[n _! rattles1 heap$ up ! a%es f ! two fires1 !n ?rew ! a%es all ov] ! h\se to prev5t ! p assembl$ f hav+ disease4 ,%\ld any sick p]son appe>1 he or %e w\ld be especially treat$ ) a%es4 ,sometimes ! p]=m]s w\ld pick up live coals & ?r[ !m ab\t1 fright5+ ! p4 ,at o!r times ! :ole company ( !m w\ld g ar\nd to ! diff]5t h\ses begg+ = tobacco1 & w\ld dance 9 any h\se :]e someone 0 will+ to s+ = !m4 ,no?+ 0 said among ! ,m9si ab\t ! ,miz9k br++ back /ray /ock or driv+ de]1 *>act]i/ic attributes ( ! ,mask ,be+ ( ! ,unami4 ,! writ] obta9$ b "o mask among ! ,canadian ,l5ape1 & ?is 0 f ! ,gr& ,riv] b& 7fig4 #d72 x has be5 describ$ by him#ed 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,b "o mask 7miz9k7 0 obta9$4 ,x diff]$ f ^? ( ! ,iroquois *iefly 9 be+ crud]1 & also 9 decoration1 ! l9es be+ burnt into ! wood in/ead ( be+ pa9t$ or c>v$4 ,! orig9al use ( ! mask _h to d1 9 "p at lea/1 ) heal+ ! sick1 b ,isaac ,mont\r 7,kapyhm71 f :om ,i b\ght x1 fail$ to make himself cle> z to ! details40 ,x w be se5 t ! ,m9si beliefs & practices not$ above resemble ^? ( ! ,false ,face ,company ( ! ,iroquois tribes mu* m ?an !y d ! cu/oms connect$ ) ,msing among ! ,unami4 ,9 fact1 a vague tradition exi/s to ! effect t ! ,false ,face ,company ( ! ,cayuga once put a /op to an epidemic ( *ol]a among ! ,m9si4 ,:ile ?is 0 n giv5 to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ! society among ! ,m9si1 x at lea/ %[s t !y 7 famili> ) ! ,iroquois practices 9 ?is l9e4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,m9or ,,c]emonies ,,! ,,doll ,,be+ ,! ,doll ,be+1 call$ by ! ,unami ,odas & by ! ,m9si ,nanits1 has be5 already m5tion$ z a m9or ,l5ape deity1 & x n[ rema9s only to relate ! c]emonies & beliefs connect$ ) x1 beg9n+ ) ! my? acc\nt+ = its orig94 ,,my? ,,( ,,orig9 ,long ago1 ! ,l5ape say1 "s *ildr51 play+ ) /icks1 decid$ to cut faces ^u !m1 & 7 !n v mu* surpris$ to notice t ! little dolls :i* !y _h ?us made seem$ to h life4 ,_! p>5ts made !m ?r[ ! dolls away :5 !y discov]$ ?is1 & mo/ ( ! *ildr5 soon =got :at _h happ5$4 ,"o little girl1 h[ev]1 griev$ = h] doll2 x bo!r$ h] all ! "t1 & f9ally %e began to dream ( x e night4 ,!n %e told h] p>5ts ( h] tr\ble1 & !y realiz$ t !y %\ld n h compell$ h] to ?r[ ! doll away4 ,"o night ! doll appe>$ to ! *ild & spoke to h]1 say+1 8,f9d me & keep me always1 & y & y\r family w ev] enjoy good heal?4 ,y mu/ give me new clo?+ & hold a dance = me e spr+10 & !n told h] exactly :at to d4 ,! girl report$ ?is to h] p>5ts1 :o imm$iately look$ = ! doll & f\nd x1 !n dress$ x1 made "s hom9y1 kill$ a de]1 & held a dance 9 its honor z !y 7 in/ruct$1 & ?is rite has be5 cont9u$ to ! pres5t day4 ,,prep>ations ,,= ,,! ,,c]emony ,:5 ! family own+ a doll ( ?is k9d is ready to conduct ! ,doll ,dance 7,odas-knk71 !y select two m5 to ga!r firewood & to clean up ! dance-gr\nd us$ e ye>1 & to engage a speak] & two s+]s1 pay+ ea* ( !m ) a y>d ( wampum4 ,! dance-gr\nd is squ>e1 simil> to t us$ = ! ,msing dance1 ) logs rang$ ab\t = seats1 9 "s pleasant place out 9 ! woods4 ,a hunt] is !n select$1 :o calls on sev]al to help him get a de]1 :i*1 :5 br\ght 91 is hung on poles prep>$ = x at ! dance-gr\nd1 :]e x rema9s ov] night4 ,! next morn+ !y cook ! de] & a kettle ( hom9y1 & are !n ready = ! c]emony4 ,,! ,,doll ,,dance ,ab\t ! middle ( ! aft]noon ! speak] rises & addresses ! p1 tell+ !m ! /ory ( ! doll's orig9 & expla9+ its function2 !n he addresses ! doll1 :i* has n[ be5 fa/5$ on a pole1 call+ x 8gr&mo!r0 & notify+ x t !y are ab\t to hold a dance 9 its honor1 at ! same "t ask+ x to insure good heal? to ! family ( its own]4 ,:5 he f9i%es1 ! dance lead]1 :o %\ld be a relative ( ! family own+ x1 takes ! doll on its pole1 & !n1 z ! drumm]s sitt+ 9 ! c5t] ( ! dance-gr\nd beg9 to /rike ! dry hide /uff$ ) grass t s]ves z a drum1 & to s+ ! song ( ! ,doll dance1 he comm5ces to dance1 circl+ r\nd ! drumm]s1 /ill c>ry+ ! doll1 ! p fall+ 9 beh9d him1 =m+ two circles1 ! m5 inside1 next to ! drumm]s1 & ! wom5 outside4 ,:5 ! lead] f9i%es 8 8set10 he passes ! doll pole to ! man beh9d him1 :o repeats ! process1 & s on until ! m5 danc]s h c>ri$ x six times1 :5 x is transf]r$ to ! wom51 :o1 9 _! turn1 dance six sets1 mak+ twelve 9 all1 ! ,l5ape sacr$ numb]4 ,! twelve sets1 or 8*anges10 l5g!n ! c]emony f> into ! night1 & ?is necessitates a l>ge fire to give light4 ,?is is built ne> ! c5t] ( ! dance-gr\nd4 ,sometimes1 if ! cr[d 9 att5dance is l>ge1 two su* fires are built4 ,betwe5 ! *anges ! doll pole is /uck into ! gr\nd ne> ! fire4 ,:5 ! twelf? set is f9i%$1 ! speak] ann\nces1 8,! ,doll ,dance is ov]10 & ! fea/ ( hom9y & v5ison is s]v$ to ev]yone4 ,!n ! speak] says3 8,if y want to dance ! re/ ( ! night1 y may d s1 = _m ( y h come a long way f home & %\ld h a *ance = m enjoym5t4 ,we w hold ano!r ,doll ,dance next ye>40 ,!n !y put ! doll away & amuse !mselves ) v>i\s social dances until morn+4 ,,m9si ,,doll ,,c]emony ,among ! ,m9si ! beliefs conc]n+ ! ,doll ,be+ 7 simil>1 b diff]$ 9 detail4 ,z to orig91 ,wolf told ! writ] t "o "t a man lay ill1 likely to die1 & 8 family call$ 9 a m$ic9e-man1 or 8wit*-doctor40 ,! %aman f9ally ann\nc$ t ! family mu/ make "o ( ^! dolls & c>e = x1 & t ! sick man w\ld !n get well4 ,?is 0 done1 & ! doctor's pr$iction be+ realiz$1 ! ,m9si h ev] s9ce made & us$ ^! dolls1 call$ 9 _! dialect nanits1 :i* 7 transmitt$ f p>5ts to *ildr54 ,wolf's own "m _h "o1 c>v$ out ( wood 9 ! =m ( a p]son1 ) a woman's dress & moccas9s 7= z a rule !y repres5t wom572 & %e always c>$ = x religi\sly1 9 ! belief t if well treat$ x w\ld protect ! family & give !m good heal?1 b if neglect$1 someone w\ld surely die4 ,e ye>1 9 ! fall1 :5 ! de] are 9 _! be/ condition1 ,wolf's "m held a dance = x1 call$ 8,fe$+ ! ,nanits20 b %e did m ?an fe$ x3 %e put new clo!s on x1 ?ree sets1 & new moccas9s e ye>4 ,%e believ$ t ! image sometimes w5t ab\t ( its own accord1 al?\gh %e kept x c>efully 9 a box1 = ! old dresses always seem$ worn at ! bottom & soil$1 & %e f\nd burrs cl++ to !m :5 %e w5t to put new clo!s on 8,nanits40 ,%e hir$ a man especially to hunt a ye>l+ doe = ! c]emony1 :i* took place 9 h] own dwell+4 ,! details are lo/1 b x is rememb]$ t a man beat a little drum & sang :ile %e1 z own]1 danc$ ar\nd1 c>ry+ ! doll 9 h] h&s1 foll[$ by su* ( ! o!r wom5 pres5t z wi%$ to p>ticipate4 ,said ,wolf1 8,! ,nanits help$ ! ,indians1 t's :y !y f$ x40 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,viii 8,,nahneetis ,,! ,,gu>dian ,,( ,,heal?0 7,e4 ,t4 ,tefft ,collection1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory7 ,an ,old ,m9si 8,doll40--,! writ] 0 able to obta9 b "o old specim5 ( ?is type 7pl4 ,,viii71 :i* 0 procur$ at ! ,gr& ,riv] res]ve1 ,ont>io1 = ! ,e4 ,t4 ,tefft collection1 n[ 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 & 0 describ$ 9 ! writ]'s article1#ee be=e cit$1 z foll[s3 8,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ ,delaw>e specim5 ( all is ! little wood5 image1 ab\t eight in*es high1 b\ght ( ,dr4 ,jones1 :i* 8 fa!r1 ,rev4 ,pet] ,jones1 describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 8 book "u ! "n #8,nahneetis1 ! ,gu>dian ( ,heal?4' ,he says3 8#8,i h 9 my possession two family gods4 ,"o is call$ ,pabook[aih--! god t cru%es or breaks d[n diseases4 ,! o!r is a goddess nam$ ,nahneetis1 ! gu>dian ( heal?4 ,?is goddess 0 deliv]$ up to me by ,eunice ,hank1 a ,muncey ,indian woman1 :o ) h] fri5ds us$ to wor%ip x 9 _! sacr$ dances1 mak+ a fea/ to x e ye>1 :5 a fat doe 0 sacrific$ z an (f]+1 & _m pres5ts 7 giv5 by ! fri5ds assembl$4 ,%e told me %e 0 n[ re/or$ to wor%ip ! ,*ri/ian's ,god1 & !re=e _h no fur!r use = x4' 8,!re c be no d\bt 9 ?is case conc]n+ ! id5tity ( ?is specim5 ) ! "o illu/rat$ 9 ! book quot$4 ,x w be notic$ h[ev] by ^? :o are famili> ) ,pet] ,jones' illu/ration t ,nahneetis1 l _m humans1 has lo/ h] hair 9 h] old age4 ,an int]e/+ feature ( ! specim5 is ! primitive skirt1 :i* is made app>5tly by belt+ a blanket-l bit ( clo?1 b\nd at ! edges1 ar\nd ,nahneetis' wai/4 ,a ve/ige ( ?is me?od ( mak+ a skirt survives1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! =m ( ! bead$ /rip runn+ up "o ( ! v]tical seams ( ! m mod]n ,indian skirt1 among bo? ! ,delaw>es & ! ,iroquois40 ,! writ] aft]w>d f\nd su* skirts /ill 9 use among ! ,l5ape 9 ,oklahoma 7pl4 ,i1 b74 ,an ,e>ly ,acc\nt ( ,nanits4--,ano!r e>ly acc\nt ( ! ,nanits among ! ,m9si may be f\nd 9 ! ,wiscons9 ,hi/orical ,collections1 among ! docum5ts relat+ to ! ,/ockbridge ,mission1 writt5 by ! ,rev4 ,cutt+ ,m>%4#ef ,x reads z foll[s3 8,nov4 #f? #ahci4 ,a ,munsee ,indian :o came to ?is place ov] a ye> previ\s f ,canada call$ ^u me ) an int]pret] 9 ord] to give up a family idol4 ,?is man ^: "n is ,big-,de] is upw>ds ( #ej ye>s ( age1 & s9ce remov+ to ?is place1 ?ro' ! influ5ce ( ?is family above m5tion$ has att5d$ meet+s con/antly & gives "s evid5ce ( a *ange ( he>t4 8,! hi/ory ( ?is idol 0 v int]e/+4 ,he said t 8 "m gave x to him be=e h] dea? :i* occurr$ ab\t #bi ye>s ago1 & t he _h wor%ipp$ x until )9 a few ye>s :5 he he>d ab\t ,jesus ,*ri/1 b _h nev] giv5 x up be=e4 #8,n[ he says ,i wi% to give x up & foll[ ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ,i give ?is idol to y & y may d :at y are a m9d to ) x4' ,x 0 inde$ n only a #8%ameful ?+1' b a horribly look+ object ab\t ! size ( a common doll2 fanta/ically array$ 9 ,indian co/ume & ne>ly cov]$ ) silv] broa*es & tr9kets2 & :il/ reta9$ z an object ( wor%ip 0 kept wrapp$ up 9 "s #bj envelopm5ts ( broad-clo? trimm$ ) sc>let ribbon4 ,!y call$ x _! #8,"m1' x is m ?an a hundr$ ye>s old1 & its late possessor 0 ! f\r? g5]ation :i* _h wor%ipp$ x4 ,! season = wor%ipp+ x 0 9 ! fall aft] a hunt :5 !y made a fea/ to x & danc$ ar\nd x4 #8,if !y did n d ?is e fall !y said1 t is1 make ! fea/ c4 x w\ld be angry & de/roy !m by "s dreadful sickness4' ,x 0 !re=e an object ( fe> or dread ) !m1 b n "o ( love & compassion40 ,,be> ,,c]emony ,we w n[ consid] two c]emonies ( ! ,unami :i* are bas$ on animal cults :i* %[ a consid]able simil>ity n only 9 _! traditional orig91 b also 9 _! ritual4 ,! m important seems to be ! "o call$ ,papasokwitln1 :i*1 al?\gh no "p ( a be> appe>s 9 its rites z practis$ )9 rec5t ye>s1 0 evid5tly a ,be> c]emony 9 ! days :5 ^! animals 7 abundant4 ,x also exhibits "s features sugge/+ ! ,annual ,c]emony be=e describ$1 b !re is no ,msing & !re are _m o!r important diff]5ces4 ,,traditional ,,orig9 ,! ,indians say t a cub be>1 kept z a pet by a ,l5ape family long ago1 became a great playmate ( "o ( ! little sons ( ! family1 b f9ally grew s l>ge t ! *ild's p>5ts decid$ to get rid ( x2 s !y ti$ a little bag ( tobacco ar\nd its neck & told x to g away4 ,?is x did1 b ! little boy1 its playmate1 soon fell ill1 & 8 p>5ts se>*$ 9 va9 = a cure4 ,aft] a long :ile "o ( ! ,indian doctors told 8 p>5ts t if !y w\ld hold a c]emony ( ?is k9d & repeat x e two ye>s1 ! *ild w\ld recov] & w\ld keep 8 heal?4 ,?is 0 done2 ! boy recov]$1 & 8 family1 :o belong to ! ,wolf phratry1 h cont9u$ to practise ! rites ev] s9ce1 believ+ t x pres]ves _! heal?4 ,,prep>ations4 ,?is c]emony requir$ a special h\se1 :i* 0 made new = x e two ye>s1 s ! fir/ ?+ ! family did1 :5 ! "t approa*$1 0 to f9d a numb] ( m51 ea* ( :om 0 paid a y>d ( wampum to cut =ks & poles & erect ! build+4 ,?is 0 made by sett+ up a frame ( poles 9 ! =m ( a ,big ,h\se1 b small]1 only sev5 paces wide & fifte5 paces long1 !n cov]+ ! top ) bru% & pil+ bru% at ! sides4 ,!n to ! ea/ ( ! h\se a pole 0 erect$1 ^u :i* to hang ! meat = ! fea/1 :i*1 9 old times1 _h to be a be>2 b :5 be>s became sc>ce a black hog 0 sub/itut$1 & ( late a hog ( any color has be5 us$4 ,! build+ f9i%$1 ! hog 0 kill$1 &1 hav+ be5 hung on ! pole ov] night1 0 tak5 into ! h\se ! next day1 qu>t]$1 s+$ on a fire t _h be5 built inside1 !n c>ri$ out aga91 cut up1 & cook$1 all except ! loose fat1 :i* 0 kept = a special purpose1 z w appe> lat]4 ,:5 done1 ! meat 0 kept 9 l>ge baskets1 ) ! exception ( ! head1 :i*1 hav+ be5 cook$ :ole1 0 plac$ 9 a l>ge b[l ) two ( ! animal's ribs 9 its m\?4 ,,! ,,rites ,:5 night came1 ! lead] ent]$ ! bru% h\se1 tak+ ) him a turtle rattle simil> to t us$ 9 ! ,annual ,c]emony1 foll[$ by ! m5 :o 7 to p>ticipate 7no wom5 be+ all[$71 & !n made a spee*1 tell+ ( ! m5 :o _h 8br\ght 90 ?is meet+1 & expla9+ its orig91 b mak+ no pray]s to ! ,great ,_s or to any ( ! mant[k1 8 help]s4 ,he !n ?rew half ( ! hog-fat ^u ! fire1 & plac$ a /r+ ( wampum ar\nd 8 own neck4 ,at ?is juncture ! cook br\ght him ! hog's head 9 its b[l1 & !n1 fir/ ann\nc+1 8,i am n[ go+ to c>ry ! head ar\nd10 ! lead] began to *ant & to walk ab\t ! h\se1 mak+ false motions to ev]yone z if to give him ! head1 !n )draw+ x & proce$+ to ! next4 ,! burd5 ( ! *ant1 ! ,indians say1 0 8:at 8 dream help] told him10 v mu* z 9 ! ,big ,h\se1 b "h ! p kept "t to 8 *ant orally1 say+ 8,hu-hu-hu60 until he /opp$4 ,! in=mant does n "k :o1 if any "o1 %ook ! rattle4 ,probably x 0 employ$ by ! s+]s aft] ! burn+ ( ! head4 ,aft] mak+ ! circuit twice1 ! lead] hung 8 /r+ ( wampum ^u "s old man ( ! ,turkey phratry :o _h a 8vision ( p[]10 :o took ! head & made 8 r\nds 9 ! same way4 ,he f9ally cut (f ! e>s ( ! head1 pull$ ! ribs f its m\?1 & ?rew x into ! fire1 b[l & all4 ,! meat 0 !n di/ribut$ to ev]yone1 :]eupon ! floor 0 op5 to any man :o wi%$ to s+ an acc\nt ( 8 vision4 ,a bucket ( prep>$ dr9k 0 plac$ at ea* end ( ! h\se = ! refre%m5t ( su* s+]s1 b ! head1 ( c\rse1 0 gone4 ,:5 ! songs 7 f9i%$1 ! rema9d] ( ! fat1 & f9ally ! bro? 9 :i* ! meat _h be5 cook$1 7 ?r[n ^u ! fire1 & 9 conclusion1 six wom5 7 call$ 9 & in/ruct$ to g out & give six times ! pray] cry1 8,ho-o-o60 ,p]haps ! foll[+ c]emony not$ by ,zeisb]g]#eg may h be5 ( ?is k9d3 8,a f\r? k9d ( fea/ is held 9 honor ( a c]ta9 voraci\s _s1 :o1 accord+ to _! op9ions1 is nev] satisfi$4 ,! gue/s are1 !re=e1 oblig$ to eat all ! be>'s fle% & dr9k ! melt$ fat4 ,?\gh indige/ion & vomit+ may result !y mu/ cont9ue & n leave any?+40 ,,ott] ,,c]emony ,simil> to ! ,be> c]emony 9 _m ways1 bo? 9 traditional orig9 & 9 rites1 0 ! obs]vance call$ ,atcigamu,lti1 said to mean 8compulsory hog-eat+10 held to propitiate ! ,ott] _s1 a cult ^: p>aph]nalia ! writ] 0 =tunate en\gh to collect = ! ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation4 ,,my? ,,( ,,orig9 ,_m ye>s ago1 s runs ! /ory1 a little girl ab\t t5 ye>s ( age 0 giv5 a "y ott] = a pet1 & ?is %e kept & c>$ = until x 0 well gr[n4 ,ab\t ?is "t %e began to feel t %e %\ld keep him no long]1 = %e _h come to realize t he 0 pils1 mean+ 8pure0 or 8sacr$10 &1 l all wild ?+s1 belong$ to ! ,p[]s ,above4 ,! old p told h] :at %e mu/ d1 s %e took h] ott] d[n to ! creek1 &1 fir/ ty+ a little bag ( tobacco on 8 neck1 said to him3 8,n[ ,i %all set y free4 ,i h rais$ y & c>$ = y until n[ y are full gr[n4 ,g1 !n1 & foll[ ! ways ( y\r k9d40 ,! ott] disappe>$ into ! wat]s1 & ! little girl return$ to h] home1 feel+ t %e _h done well4 ,b be=e a ye> _h pass$1 a sickness came ^u h]1 :i* ! ,indian doctors told h] 0 caus$ by h] pet ott]1 :i* want$ some?+ to eat4 ,! only way = ! *ild to get well1 !y said1 0 = h] to h a hog kill$ & cook$1 & !n to invite a numb] ( m5 to eat x all1 9 ! "n ( ! ott]4 ,?is 0 done1 & :5 ! m5 f9i%$ eat+ ! hog & ! s\p1 !y said t ! girl w\ld recov]1 & s %e did4 ,= ?is c]emony !y took an ott]-sk9 7fig4 #af1 a7 to repres5t ! girl's pet1 :i* 0 us$ e two ye>s1 & :5 ! own] di$ 0 pass$ to ! olde/ survivor ( ! family :i* own$ x1 & kept 9 ! belief t x w\ld b5efit ! heal? ( all ( !m4 ,x 0 ! only "o ( its k9d 9 ! tribe1 & is call$ 8,kunuxs40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--;a1 ,regalia ( ott]-sk9 us$ 9 ! ,ott] ,rite2 b1 ,regalia z worn4 7,l5g? ( a1 #ef4e 947 ,,! ,,c]emony ,! exact details & ord] ( ! c]emony 7 n rememb]$ by our in=mant1 b x 0 c]ta9 t ! family 9 "q 8f$ ! ott]0 e two ye>s 9 ! spr+1 t be+ ! "t ( ye> :5 ! little girl _h be5 tak5 ill4 ,ev]yone 0 invit$1 m5 & wom51 & a man 0 select$ to cook ! hog1 & ano!r to supply wood & to cut ! poles = sw++ ! kettle1 bo? ( :om 7 paid ) a y>d ( wampum4 ,! fire 0 k9dl$ ) a special fl9t-&-/eel always kept ) ! outfit 7fig4 #ag74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--;,fl9t & /eel us$ 9 ! ,ott] ,rite4 7,l5g? ( a1 #c 947 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! ott]-sk9 has a slit d[n ! middle ( ! neck1 ?r\gh :i* ! own] ?ru/ 8 head 9 su* mann] t ! ott]'s nose lay "u ! we>]'s *91 :ile its body & tail hung d[n 8 back4 ,we>+ ! sk9 9 ?is mann] 7fig4 #af1 b71 himself imp]sonat+ ! orig9al ott]1 ! own] w\ld op5 ! c]emony by walk+ ab\t ! fire1 *ant+ & %ak+ ! turtle rattle 7fig4 #ah71 :i* resembles ^? us$ 9 ! ,big ,h\se1 :ile ! audi5ce kept "t to 8 song by utt]+ 8,hu-hu-hu-hu60 ,! nature ( ! song ! writ] 0 unable to le>n1 b1 l ! *ants ( ! ,be> ,c]emony1 x probably 0 conc]n$ ) ! s+]'s 8dream help]40 ,:5 he _h f9i%$1 ano!r man put on ! sk9 & took up ! *ant1 & s on until noon ! next day1 :5 ! c]emony 0 br\ght to a close & all jo9$ 9 ! fea/4 ,at ?is "t ! sk9 is told1 8,we w fe$ y aga9 9 two ye>s40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--,rattle ( l&-tortoise %ell us$ 9 ! ,ott] ,rite4 7,l5g?1 #c4i 947 ,,buffalo ,,dance ,su* 0 ! li/ ( native ,l5ape c]emonies furni%$ by our in=mants2 b ,adams#eh m5tions sev]al m1 = :i* ! writ] 0 unable to procure mu* 9 ! way ( data4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ! ,buffalo dance1 :i* ! writ] feels %\ld be includ$ ) ! ,ott] & ,be> c]emonies1 al?\gh ,adams calls x a 8pleasure dance40 ,he admits1 x w be obs]v$1 t x usually took place be=e hunt]s />t$ on ! *ase4 ,8 acc\nt foll[s3 8,! ,buffalo dance is a pleasure dance & always beg9s 9 ! morn+ & la/s all day4 ,! gr\nd is made clean 9 a circle l>ge en\gh to dance on1 & 9 ! c5t] a fire is built & a =k driv5 into ! gr\nd on ea* side1 & a pole plac$ across ! fire ea/ & we/4 ,on ea* side ( ! fire is a l>ge brass kettle hang+ across ! pole ) hom9y 9 x1 & :5 ! dance is ne>ly ov]1 ! danc]s eat ! hom9y1 dipp+ _! h&s 9 ! kettle4 ,! s+]s are outside ( ! r+ & beat on a dri$ de] hide /ret*$ ov] poles4 ,!y d n use ! same /ep 9 ! dance1 b gallop l buffaloes & bell[ l !m1 also h horns on _! heads & occasionally hook at ea* o!r4 ,! dance is usually giv5 be=e />t+ on a *ase40 ,,import$ ,,c]emonies ,,skeleton ,,dance ,! prec$+ c]emonies h all be51 o/5sibly at lea/1 ( native ,l5ape orig91 b we n[ come to sev]al ^: outside orig9 is admitt$ by ! ,indians !mselves4 ,! mo/ anci5t ( ^! is ! 8,human ,skeleton ,dance10 m5tion$ by ,adams4#ei ,he calls x a rite belong+ to ! ,wolf clan or phratry ( ! ,delaw>es1 b ! writ]'s in=mants say t x is n true ,l5ape at all1 b a ,nanticoke 7,ontko7 c]emony introduc$ among ! ,l5ape by ! survivors ( t tribe :o _h jo9$ =ces ) !m4 ,adams' acc\nt1 :i* is bett] ?an any ! writ] 0 able to obta91 is z foll[s3 8,human ,skeleton ,dance4--,giv5 only by ! ,wolf clan ( ! ,delaw>es4 ,a c]ta9 dance giv5 z a memorial to ! dead 0 suppos$ to cle> a way = ! _s ( ! deceas$ to ! _s l&4 ,:5 a memb] ( ! ,wolf clan di$1 ! fle% 0 /ripp$ f ! bones & buri$1 & ! bones 7 dri$ at "s private place4 ,at ! end ( #ab days ! skeleton w\ld be wrapp$ 9 :ite bucksk9 & tak5 to a place prep>$ = ! dance & !re held up by "s "o4 ,z ! s+]s w\ld s+ ! m5 :o held ! skeleton w\ld %ake x & ! bones w\ld rattle z ! danc]s w\ld proce$ ar\nd x4 ,aft] ! dance ! skeleton 0 buri$4 ,traditions say t 9 anci5t times "s ( ! head m5 9 ! ,wolf clan _h a dream t !y mu/ treat _! dead 9 t way1 & ! cu/om has be5 h&$ d[n to !m = _m c5turies4 ,! o!r clans say ! cu/om does n belong to !m4 ,! cu/om has be5 long dropp$4 ,!re has n be5 a skeleton dance s9ce #ahfj40 ,,peyote ,,rite ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--,peyote 8,button40 7,diamet]1 #a4i 947 ,"o ( ! late/ ( introduc$ c]emonies1 :i* 0 /ill mu* 9 favor ) ! ,oklahoma ,l5ape :5 la/ visit$ by ! writ]1 is ! ,peyote ,rite1 a cult n[ widespread among ! tribes ( ! ,c5tral ,we/1 introduc$ among ?is p by an ,indian nam$ ,john ,wilson1 :o obta9$ x1 !y say1 f ! ,caddo on ,wa%ita riv] ab\t ! ye> #ahij or #ahib4 ,dur+ ?is c]emony rem>kable visions are produc$ by eat+ ! dri$ top ( a small cactus1 ! peyote 7fig4 #ai71 = :i* ! cult is nam$1 & ^! visions1 c\pl$ ) ! moral tea*+s embodi$ 9 ! ritual1 make x v attractive to ! ,indian1 :o1 on jo9+ ! cult1 is (t5 p]suad$ to disc>d entirely ! anci5t beliefs ( 8 own p4 ,! writ] is acqua9t$ ) two pr9cipal =ms ( ! rite1 "o involv+ native deities only1 ! o!r1 almo/ entirely ,*ri/ian 9 tea*+ & symbolism4 ,x is ?is latt] =m :i* has be5 adopt$ by ! ,l5ape1 to :om ! tipi1 9 :i* ! c]emony is held1 is z =eign an in/itution z ! little cactus itself1 br\ght 9 f s\!rn ,texas & ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,ix ,,! ,,peyote ,,rite ,,among ,,! ,,l5ape ,native ,pa9t+ by ,e>ne/ ,spybuck1 a ,%awnee ,p>aph]nalia4--,= ?is c]emony ! tipi is erect$ ) ! door to ! ea/1 & a complex s]ies ( symbols arrang$ inside1 z %[n 9 ! small] draw+1 pl4 ,,ix4 ,on ! we/]n side ( ! lodge is built a cresc5t-%ap$ m\nd1 or 8moon10 ( e>?1 pack$ h>d1 its horns turn$ t[>d ! ea/1 :i* !y say repres5ts ! tomb :]e ,*ri/ 0 buri$1 & on ! c5t] ( ?is is plac$ a l>ge peyote1 damp5$ & flatt5$ 7fig4 #ai71 re/+ ei!r on a b$ ( fea!rs or on ! b>e e>?2 & to ! we/ ( ?is aga91 sometimes a crucifix1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,betwe5 ! po9ts ( ! cresc5t is built ! fire 9 a c]ta9 prescrib$ mann] ) ov]lapp+ /icks =m+ an angle po9t+ we/w>d4 ,ne> ! door lies ano!r m\nd--a r\nd "o repres5t+ ! sun4 ,f ! peyote re/+ on ! embankm5t to ! sun m\nd1 directly ?r\gh ! middle ( ! fire1 a l9e is drawn 9 ! e>? ( ! floor4 ,?is repres5ts ! 8peyote road0 along :i* ! ,peyote ,_s takes ! devotee on a j\rney t[>d ! sun1 & also symbolizes ! road to ,heav5 t ,jesus made = ! s\ls ( m5 :5 ,he return$ ?i!r4 ,we/ ( ! cresc5t-%ap$ m\nd /&s1 :5 n 9 use1 ! highly decorat$ arr[ or /aff1 frequ5tly made 9 ! =m ( a long cross1 ) a groove ext5d+ f end to end1 repres5t+ ! _s road4 ,a small wat]-drum made ( a piece ( de]sk9 /ret*$ ov] a crock1 z se5 9 pl4 ,,ix1 a nicely c>v$ drum/ick1 an eagle-fea!r fan = bru%+ all evil influ5ce away f ea* devotee z he ent]s or leaves ! c]emony1 & a supply ( dri$ peyote1 damp5$ & cru%$ 9 a mort>1 are all necess>y = ! c]emony4 ,ea* devotee1 moreov]1 mu/ be suppli$ ) a decorat$ g\rd rattle ( 8 own4 ,(fic]s4--,! only (fic]s ne$$ = ?is rite are a 8,road-man0 or speak]1 :o sits 9 ! we/1 j opposite ! door1 & a fire gu>d /ation$ at ! door1 ^: duty x is to keep ! fire burn+1 & to bru% ) ! fea!r fan ! devotees z !y ent]4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ! color$ plate 7pl4 ,,ix71 :i* repres5ts also ! 8,road-man0 guid+ a newcom] to a seat4 ,conduct ( ! ,c]emony4--,:5 all are ga!r$ 9 ! tipi1 ! lead] fir/ passes ar\nd a fragm5t h]b :i* ! p *ew & rub ov] h&s & body4 ,!n ! mac]at$ peyote is pass$1 & ea* takes en\gh to make eight pellets ab\t half an in* 9 diamet]1 ( :i* "s eat all1 "s only "p1 res]v+ "s pellets to be eat5 lat]4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! lead] addresses ! peyote & ! fire1 prays1 & (t5 deliv]s a regul> s]mon or moral lecture4 ,he !n takes ! /aff 9 8 left h&1 & sitt+1 or kneel+ on "o knee1 he s+s a c]ta9 numb] ( peyote songs1 :i* are a class to !mselves1 :ile ! man to ! left beats ! drum1 !n passes ! /aff to ! p]son on 8 "r1 himself tak+ ! drum :ile ?is p]son s+s1 & s ! /aff travels r\nd & r\nd ! lodge1 ea* tak+ 8 turn at s++1 :ile ! devotees1 m5 & wom5 alike1 keep _! eyes fix$ ^u ! fire or ^u ! peyote ly+ on ! m\nd4 ,z ! night we>s on ! 8m$ic9e0 beg9s to take effect1 & ! devotees see _m /range visions1 pictures1 & brilliant-color$ patt]ns4 ,(t5 "o may see ! ,peyote ,_s1 9 ! =m ( an old man1 :o takes 8 _s on a wond]ful j\rney along ! 8peyote road10 ea/w>d t[>d ! sun4 ,at daybreak !y all file out ( ! tipi be>+ _! p>aph]nalia1 z se5 9 pl4 ,,ix1 b1 & :5 ! sun appe>s !y raise _! h&s 9 salutation1 & !n ^? :o are left /&+ 7= "s fall z if dead at ! sight ( ! sun7 8give ?anks to ! ,great ,fa!r 9 ,heav540 ,^? :o fall at sunrise1 !y say1 are ! ones :o visit$ ! sun 9 _! visions4 ,all sleep1 or at lea/ re/1 until ab\t noon1 :5 a fea/ is s]v$1 aft] :i* ev]yone tells :at he or %e saw :ile 8on ! peyote road40 ,! ,l5ape v>iant ( ?is c]emony1 z relat$ above1 diff]s some:at f t ( o!r tribes practis+ ! ,*ri/ian =m ( ! ,peyote rite1 b 9 all ess5tials x is almo/ id5tical4 ,,gho/ ,,dance ,! ,gho/ dance 0 also introduc$ among ! ,l5ape by an ,indian nam$ ,wilson1 ab\t ! same "t1 our in=mants ?\ght1 z ! ,peyote rite1 &1 l x1 probably f ! ,wa%ita ,riv] region4 ,wilson w\ld call a dance e n[ & !n dur+ 8 lifetime1 at :i* ! p appe>$ 9 _! ev]yday dress1 )\t su* special co/umes z 7 se51 = in/ance1 at su* functions among ! ,ki[a & ! ,arapaho4 ,at ^! meet+s ! p>ticipants w\ld dance r\nd & r\nd = a long "t1 ) a sidewise /ep1 to ! s\nd ( song & wat]-drum1 sometimes = a consid]able p]iod )\t /opp+4 ,occasionally "o w\ld fall & appe> to fa9t1 & :5 reviv$ w\ld claim to h visit$ ,heav5 9 _s :ile 8 body lay z if dead4 ,:5 ,wilson di$1 ! cult1 s f> z ! ,delaw>es 7 conc]n$1 p]i%$ ) him4 ,su* 7 ! c]emonies surviv+ until rec5t times among ! ,l5ape1 f :i* h be5 omitt$ only ! obs]vances connect$ ) ! dead1 %amanism1 wit*craft1 & w>1 all ( :i* w be discuss$ 9 lat] pap]s4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,summ>y ,,religion ,a /udy ( ! mat]ial pres5t$ %[s t ! ,l5ape believ$ 9 a ,great ,_s1 or ,creator1 ^: goodness is ackn[l$g$1 :o is ?ank$ = pa/ bless+s & petition$ = _! cont9uance1 b :o is n _! only god4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 ! great *ief ( all1 & dwells 9 ! twelf?1 or highe/ heav54 ,he creat$ ev]y?+1 ei!r ) 8 own h&s or ?r\gh ag5ts s5t by him1 & all ! p[]s ( nature 7 assign$ to _! duties by 8 ^w4 ,t ^! concepts are n new among ! ,l5ape may be se5 f ! fact t mo/ ( ! e>ly writ]s :o treat ( ?is p h notic$ su* beliefs among !m1 :i* c be trac$ back z f> z #afgi4 ,?is ,great ,_s gave ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>? & ! w9ds t come f !m to f\r p[]ful be+s1 or mant[k1 namely1 ,our ,gr&fa!r :]e daylight beg9s1 ,our ,gr&mo!r :]e x is w>m1 ,our ,gr&fa!r :]e ! sun goes d[n1 & ,our ,gr&fa!r :]e x is w9t]4 ,to ! ,sun & ! ,moon1 reg>d$ z p]sons & address$ z ,eld] ,bro!rs by ! ,indians1 he gave ! duty ( provid+ light1 & to our ,eld] ,bro!rs ! ,?und]s1 man-l be+s ) w+s1 ! task ( wat]+ ! crops1 & ( protect+ ! p aga9/ ! ,great ,horn$ ,s]p5ts & o!r wat] mon/]s4 ,to ! ,liv+ ,solid ,face1 or ,mask ,be+1 0 giv5 *>ge ( all ! wild animals2 to ! ,corn ,_s1 control ov] all vegetation1 :ile ,our ,"m1 ! ,e>?1 receiv$ ! task ( c>ry+ & fe$+ ! p4 ,besides ^! p[]ful p]sonages 7 _m less] ones1 su* z ! ,small ,p1 ! ,doll ,be+1 ! ,sn[ ,boy1 & ! ,great ,be>4 ,c]ta9 localities1 moreov]1 7 ! abode ( sup]natural be+s1 :ile animals & plants 7 ?\ght to h spirits ( _! own4 ,besides ^! !re 71 ( c\rse1 ! c\ntless spirits ( ! human dead :o 7 /ill suppos$ to reta9 "s influ5ce 9 e>?ly affairs4 ,?is1 !n1 0 ! sup]natural _w :i*1 to ! m9d ( ! ,l5ape1 controll$ all ?+s--on :i* !y mu/ dep5d = heal?1 = success 9 all _! und]tak+s1 ev5 ! daily task ( de]-hunt+ or corn-rais+4 ,b5evol5t be+s mu/ be pleas$1 & bad spirits combat$ & ov]come1 or at lea/ placat$4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 until v lately1 no conception ( a 8devil0 9 ! mod]n s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! ma9 *annel ( communication betwe5 ! sup]natural _w & man 0 ! dream or vision1 obta9$1 z be=e describ$1 by fa/+ & consequ5t purification 9 y\?4 ,?r\gh ! vision ! "y man obta9$ 8 gu>dian _s or sup]natural help]1 :o gave him "s p[] or bless+ t 0 8 ma9 dep5d5ce ?r\gh life1 8 aid 9 "t ( tr\ble1 ! secret ( 8 success4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t visions & help]s =m ! basis ( ,l5ape belief & wor%ip4 ,among ! gu>dian spirits figur$ n only su* great p[]s z ! ,sun & ! ,?und] ,be+s1 ! p]sonifi$ p[]s ( nature1 b ! spirits repres5t+ v>i\s species ( animals & birds1 su* z ! ,wolf or ! ,owl1 ( plants1 z 8,"m ,corn10 z well z ! ,mask ,be+1 & ev5 ! spirits ( ! dead :i* "s ,l5ape claim$ z help]s4 ,^? favor$ by su* visions 7 consid]$ ! lead+ p ( _! community4 ,!y usually compos$ ry?mic *ants ref]r+ to _! visions1 & appropriate dance songs to g ) !m1 to recite at ! ,annual ,c]emony4 ,belief 9 a s\l or _s surviv+ ! dea? ( ! body =m$ an integral "p ( ,l5ape philosophy4 ,! s\l is suppos$ to l+] = elev5 days aft] dea?1 & is address$ & (f]$ food by ! surviv+ relatives1 sometimes 9 a =mal 8,fea/ ( ! ,dead20 b on ! twelf? day1 !y say1 x leaves ! e>? & f9ally makes its way to ! twelf? or highe/ heav51 ! home ( ! ,great ,_s1 :]e x leads a happy life 9 a l& :]e "w & worry are unkn[n4 ,"s p]sons are ?\ght to h ! p[] ( communicat+ ) ! dep>t$4 ,,c]emonies ,mo/ ( ! beliefs summ>iz$ above 7 f\nd among ! desc5dants ( bo? ,unami & ,m9si2 b :5 we consid] _! great religi\s c]emonies1 we beg9 to note diff]5ces4 ,:ile x is true t 7#a7 9 bo? cases ^! rites are bas$ on ! recital ( ! visions se5 by ! p>ticipants1 comb9$ ) ?anksgiv+ to ! ,great ,_s & 8 help]s = pa/ bless+s & pray]s = _! r5ewal1 t 7#b7 ! ,new ,fire c]emony figures 9 bo?1 & t 7#c7 !y take place 9 a build+ ( special =m & decoration erect$ = ! purpose1 we note t among ! ,unami ! c]emony is conduct$ only once a ye>1 & is comb9$ to a c]ta9 ext5t ) ! cult ( ! ,msing1 or ,mask ,be+1 a magnifi$ gu>dian _s or p]sonal help]2 :ile ! ,m9si h 9 addition to t held 9 ! fall1 a spr+ c]emony also1 cognate ) ! ,iroquois 8,?anks = ! ,fir/ ,fruits10 or ,/rawb]ry ,dance1 & mask$ imp]sonators d n appe> 9 ! ,m9si c]emonial h\se4 ,9 ! c]emonies ( bo? ,unami & ,m9si1 h[ev]1 we note o!r simil>ities besides ^? fir/ m5tion$1 su* z ! mann] ( pray]1 ! use ( a drum made ( a dri$ de]hide beat5 ) flat =k$ drum/icks ea* be>+ a c>v$ face1 ! fumigation & sweep+ ( ! ,big ,h\se1 ! re/riction aga9/ wom5 9 _! m5ses1 & ! use ( twelve z a sacr$ numb]4 ,x !re=e seems likely t ! rites1 9 spite ( ! diff]5ces not$1 probably h a common orig91 & h5ce date back to a p]iod be=e ! sep>ation ( ! ,unami & ! ,m9si4 ,inde$ we h an hi/orical acc\nt :i* seems to ref] to ?is k9d ( c]emony z e>ly z #afhc1 :ile "u date ( #aggi !re is a description ( ! rites practically z enact$ z late z #aibj4 ,,m9or ,,c]emonies ,analyz+ ! m9or c]emonies ( ,l5ape orig9 we f9d ! cults ( two types3 "o f\nd$ on a b5efic5t _s1 a p]sonal help] su* z ! ,mask ,be+1 ^: relations are fri5dly ) mank9d2 ! o!r bas$ on a disc>d$ toy or pet1 :i* makes tr\ble = its =m] own] unless propitiat$ by ! c]emony 9 "q4 ,a good example1 9 fact ! only "o we record$1 ( ! fir/ type is ! c]emony 9 honor ( ! ,ms+hlikn1 or ,mask ,be+1 among ! ,unami1 :i*1 h[ev]1 does n f9d its c\nt]p>t among ! ,m9si1 :o _h a ,society ( ,masks ^: rites & functions 7 simil> to ^? ( ! ,iroquois 8,false ,face ,company40 ,! second class embraces ! cults ( ! ,doll1 ,be>1 & ,ott]1 all ( :i* mu/ be propitiat$ p]iodically1 "u pa9 ( sickness or dea?4 ,x w be obs]v$ t recitals ( visions =m a "p ( ! ,be> rites1 & probably also ( ! ,ott] c]emony1 all ( :i*1 tak5 into consid]ation ) ! prec$+1 gives rise to speculations conc]n+ ! basic =m ( ,l5ape c]emonies4 ,p]haps orig9ally1 ev]yone :o _h be5 bless$ ) a vision1 held a p]iodic c]emony at :i* rites appropriate to 8 own gu>dian _s 7 emphasiz$1 b at :i* o!rs s bless$ c\ld recite _! own visions4 ,( c\rse c]emonies ( extrane\s orig91 su* z ! ,peyote rite1 c n be classifi$ ) ^? ( true ,l5ape orig92 & !re are o!rs ( :i* our acc\nts are s fragm5t>y t we c n place !m1 & /ill o!rs1 d\btless1 t h disappe>$ entirely4 ,t su* may h be5 ! case is n rem>kable--n ne>ly s extraord9>y z ! fact t ! ,l5ape h reta9$ s mu* ( _! anci5t beliefs & practices aft] ?ree c5turies ( contact ) civilization4 ,,notes #a ,h&book ( ,am]ican ,indians1 ,bullet9 #cj1 ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 "p ,i1 p4 #chf1 ,wa%+ton1 #aijg4 ,indian ,population 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,alaska1 #aiaj1 p4 #gc1 ,wa%+ton1 #aiae4 ,annual ,report ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,indian ,affairs = #aiac1 ,ottawa1 #aiac4 #b ,dank]s1 ,jasp>1 & ,sluyt]1 ,pet]4 ,j\rnal ( a ,voyage to ,new ,york 9 #afgi-hj4 ,translat$ f ! orig9al manuscript 9 ,dut* = ! ,long ,isl& ,hi/orical ,society1 pp4 #bff-bfg1 ,brooklyn1 #ahfi4 #c ,p5n1 ,william4 ,a ,lett] f ,william ,p5n1 ,propriet>y & ,gov]n\r ( ,p5nsylvania 9 ,am]ica to ! ,committee ( ! ,free ,society ( ,trad]s ( t ,prov9ce1 ,resid+ 9 ,london1 p4 #f1 ,london1 #afhc4 #d ,holm1 ,?omas ,campanius4 ,%ort description ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,new ,sw$51 n[ call$ ,p5nsylvania4 ,mem4 ,hi/4 ,soc4 ,pa41 vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #aci1 ,phila41 #ahcd4 #e ,david ,zeisb]g]'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,nor!rn ,am]ican ,indians4 ,edit$ by ,ar*] ,butl] ,hulb]t & ,william ,na?aniel ,s*w>ze4 ,ohio ,ar*ological & ,hi/orical ,qu>t]ly1 vol4 ,,xix1 nos4 #a & #b1 p4 #abh1 ,columbus1 #aiaj4 #f ,heckeweld]1 ,john4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,hi/ory1 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,indian ,nations :o once inhabit$ ,p5nsylvania & ! neighbor+ ,/ates4 ,transactions ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bje1 ,phila41 #ahai4 #g ,waubuno1 ,*ief 7,john ,wampum74 ,! ,traditions ( ! ,delaw>es1 z told by ,*ief ,waubuno4 ,london n4d44 ,?is little pamphlet conta9s "s orig9al mat]ial on ! ,m9si & "s purport+ to apply to ! ,m9si1 b copi$ f ,pet] ,jones' 8,hi/ory ( ! ,ojebway ,indians40 #h ,bra9]d1 ,david4 ,memoirs ( ! ,rev4 ,david ,bra9]d1 ,mission>y to ! ,indians 444 *iefly tak5 f 8 own di>y1 by ,rev4 ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 includ+ 8 ,j\rnal1 n[ 444 incorporat$ ) ! re/ ( 8 di>y 444 by ,s]5o ,edw>ds ,dwight1 pp4 #cdd1 #cdi1 ,new ,hav51 #ahbb4 #i ,br9ton1 ,daniel ,g4 ,! ,l5ape & _! ,leg5ds1 p4 #fe et seq41 ,phila41 #ahhe4 #aj ,loskiel1 ,george ,h5ry4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,mission ( ! ,unit$ ,bre?r5 among ! ,indians 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 p4 #cd1 ,london1 #agid4 ,zeisb]g]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #abh-abi4 ,heckeweld]1 op4 cit41 p4 #bje4 #aa ,loskiel1 op4 cit4 #ab ,zeisb]g]1 op4 cit41 p4 #acj4 #ac ,bra9]d1 op4 cit41 p4 #bch4 #ad ,holm1 op4 cit41 p4 #aci4 #ae ,/ra*ey1 ,wm4 ,! ,hi/orie ( ,travaile into ,virg9ia4 ,hakluyt ,soc4 ,pub41 vol4 ,,vi1 p4 #ih1 ,london1 #ahdi4 #af ,bra9]d1 op4 cit41 p4 #cdd4 #ag ,loskiel1 op4 cit41 p4 #dc4 #ah ,bra9]d1 op4 cit4 #ai ,loskiel1 op4 cit4 #bj ,ibid4 #ba ,ibid4 #bb ,zeisb]g]1 op4 cit41 p4 #adg4 #bc ,heckeweld]1 op4 cit41 p4 #bje4 #bd ,loskiel1 op4 cit41 p4 #dc4 #be ,jones1 ,rev4 ,pet]4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,ojebway ,indians1 p4 #hc1 ,london1 #ahfa4 #bf ,sk9n]1 ,alanson1 & ,s*rabis*1 ,max4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,report ( ! ,ar*ological ,survey ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey1 ,bullet9 #i ( ! ,geological ,survey ( ,new ,j]sey1 p4 #cb1 ,tr5ton1 #aiac4 #bg ,sk9n]1 ,alanson4 ,! ,l5ape ,indians ( ,/at5 ,isl&1 ,an?ropological ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #ba1 ,new ,york1 #aiji4 ,idem4 ,two ,l5ape ,/one ,masks f ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,j]sey1 ,indian ,notes & ,monographs1 #aibj4 #bh ,bra9]d1 op4 cit41 p4 #bcg4 #bi ,zeisb]g]1 op4 cit41 p4 #ada4 #cj ,ibid41 op4 cit41 p4 #aci4 #ca ,bra9]d1 ,john1 quot$ by ,abbott 9 ,idols ( ! ,delaw>e ,indians1 ,am]ican ,naturali/1 ,oct4 #ahhb4 #cb ,jones1 op4 cit41 pp4 #hg1 #ie4 #cc ,bra9]d1 ,david1 op4 cit41 p4 #cdd4 #cd ,p5n1 ,william1 op4 cit4 #ce ,bra9]d1 ,david1 op4 cit41 p4 #bch4 #cf ,ibid41 p4 #cdf4 #cg ,zeisb]g]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #acc-acd4 #ch ,ibid41 p4 #aca4 #ci ,a simil> vision ( a black & :ite duck 0 report$ by ! ,l5ape at ! ,gr& ,riv] res]ve 9 ,ont>io4 ,see ,h>r+ton1 ,m4 ,r41 ,ve/iges ( ,mat]ial ,culture among ! ,canadian ,delaw>es1 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 n4s41 vol4 ,x1 no4 #c1 p4 #dad1 ,july-,sept41 #aijh4 #dj ,bra9]d1 ,david1 op4 cit41 p4 #cdg4 #da ,zeisb]g]1 op4 cit41 p4 #acb4 #db ,loskiel1 op4 cit41 p4 #dj4 #dc ,heckeweld]1 op4 cit41 p4 #bch et seq4 #dd ,adams1 ,r4 ,c4 ,notes on ,delaw>e ,indians1 9 ,report on ,indians ,tax$ & ,indians n ,tax$1 ,u4 ,s4 ,c5sus #ahij1 p4 #bii4 #de ,zeisb]g]1 op4 cit41 p4 #ach4 #df ,ibid4 pp4 #acf1 #acg4 #dg ,h>r+ton1 ,m4 ,r4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,sket* ( ,l5ape ,culture1 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 vol4 ,,xv1 no4 #b1 ,april-,june1 #aiac4 #dh ,adams1 loc4 cit4 #di ,zeisb]g]1 op4 cit41 p4 #ach4 #ej ,h>r+ton1 ,canadian ,delaw>es1 pp4 #dad1 #dae4 ,see note #ci4 #ea ,waubuno1 op4 cit41 p4 #bg4 #eb ,bra9]d1 ,david1 op4 cit41 p4 #bcg4 #ec ,adams1 loc4 cit4 #ed ,h>r+ton1 ,canadian ,delaw>es1 p4 #daf4 #ee ,ibid4 p4 #dag4 #ef ,m>%1 ,rev4 ,cutt+4 ,docum5ts ,relat+ to ! ,/ockbridge ,mission1 #ahbe-dh1 ,wiscons9 ,hi/orical ,collections1 vol4 ,,xv1 pp4 #afd-afe4 #eg ,zeisb]g]1 op4 cit41 p4 #ach4 #eh ,adams1 loc4 cit4 #ei ,ibid4 ,,index ,ackas or att5dants ( ,annual c]emony1 duties (1 #hd-he1 #hg-hh1 #if-ig1 #ajc1 #aje1 #ajg4 ,see ,att5dants4 ,adams1 ,r4 ,c41 on ,annual c]emony1 #aah-abb2 on ,buffalo dance1 #ahb-ahc2 on dreams or visions1 #hj2 on ,msing dance1 #aed-aef2 on ,skeleton dance1 #ahc-ahd4 ,air1 mannitto (1 #cj4 ,see ,?und] ,be+s ,ald]1 dye f b>k (1 #ada ,alphabet us$ = ,l5ape words1 #ae-af ,alt> at ,annual c]emony1 #aae ,am]ica1 prophecy ( :ites' com+ to1 #aba ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 acc\nt ( ,m9si c]emony 91 #ach-adc ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,doll 9 collection (1 #df1 #afh-afi2 ,tefft collection 91 #ae1 #ch ,am]ican tribes1 concept ( ,great ,_s among1 #ai-bj ,animals1 z gu>dian spirits1 #di-ej1 #fe1 #gj1 #gg1 #hj1 #aba1 #aie2 c]emonies (1 #aga-ahc2 spirits (1 #aah1 #abe1 #aid2 ?anks to1 #acd4 ,see ,wild animals ,anima mundi comp>$ ) ,great ,_s1 #bb ,annual c]emony1 au?orities on3 ,adams1 #aah-abb2 ,indian comm5ts1 #aaa-aae2 ,p5n1 #aae-aaf2 ,zeisb]g]1 #aaf-aah2 ,be> c]emony resembl+1 #aga2 c>v$ faces 91 #ca2 *ant ( ,pokitehemun at1 #fg-fi2 *ants ( visions at1 #ff1 #gc-gf1 #aie2 comp>$ ) ,m9si c]emony1 #abg-ade2 ,f\r w9ds 9 ritual (1 #bf2 native "n =1 #aji2 p5alties ( omitt+1 #aac-aaf2 rites ( ,mask 91 #cf1 #adf1 #aea2 ?anks giv5 to ,e>? 91 #bi2 ,unami rites (1 #ha-aaa2 v>iants (1 #abb-abf2 wor%ip ( ,great ,_s 91 #ai2 wor%ip ( ,mask ,be+ 91 #ce4 ,see ,m9si ,an?ony1 ,mi*ael1 ackn[l$gm5t to1 #ad1 #aci ,ants z gu>dian spirits1 #gh ,arapaho1 ,gho/ dance (1 #aia ,arr[1 c]emonial use (1 at ,peyote rite1 #ahg-ahh2 arr[s ( ,?und] ,be+s1 #bi ,a%es1 c]emonial removal (1 #aja1 #aca-acb2 prev5tion ( disease by1 #afj ,asiptagn or pa9t-di% ( b>k1 #aje ,atcigamu,lti1 native "n = ,ott] c]emony1 #agf4 ,see ,ott] c]emony ,att5dants1 at ,annual c]emony1 #hd-he1 #hg-hh1 #if-ig1 #ajc1 #aje-aaa1 #aag-aah1 #abj2 at ,be> c]emony1 #agb-agc2 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #add2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #acb-acc1 #acg2 at ,ott] c]emony1 #agi2 at ,peyote rite1 #ahh4 ,see ,ackas ,axe1 ,tornado ?reat5$ )1 #dg ,bad luck1 caus$ by neglect ( rites1 #aac-aaf ,bag1 full ( snakes1 #ce1 #aec2 mask worn 91 #db2 ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #cd2 ( tobacco (f]$3 to be>1 #agb2 to ott]1 #agg ,b>k1 boil$ = mak+ dyes1 #ada2 c]emonial b[ls & spoons (1 #aca1 #acg2 c]emonial pa9t-di% (1 #aje-ajf2 fir/ ,big ,h\se (1 #adh2 ro( ( ,big ,h\se (1 #hc ,beads ( wampum1 z invitation to dance1 #adb-adc2 paym5t 91 #aaj-aaa1 #ace2 us$ 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #ada-adc4 ,see ,wampum ,beans1 (f]+ (1 #add2 ?anks to1 #acd2 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb ,be>1 abundance (1 9 ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 #eh2 c]emony (1 #aga-agf1 #aii2 fat (1 burn$1 #aag-aah1 #acd2 fle% (1 (f]$ to ,corn ,goddess1 #dd2 hair ( ,mask ,be+ l1 #cc2 head (1 fa/5$ to mask ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #cd2 provision (1 = fea/1 #aag ,be>sk91 bag ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #cd1 #aee2 cap ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #db2 coat ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #da2 dress ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #ef1 #aeb-aec2 legg+s ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #cd1 #da2 worn by memb]s ( ,mask society1 #aei 8,beautiful t[n0 or ,heav51 #ef-eg4 ,see ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd ,belief3 9 ,doll ,be+1 #afb-aga2 9 dream or vision1 #fa-hj2 9 ,great ,_s1 #ah-bd1 #hh-ib1 #aib-aic2 9 immortality1 #eb-fj1 #aie-aif2 9 sup]natural be+s1 #ag-ea ,b]g51 ,new ,j]sey1 in=mation f ,indians at1 #bj ,big-,de]1 ,nanitis giv5 up by1 #agj-aga ,big ,h\se or ,xingwikan1 ,annual c]emonies 91 #ce1 #hb-abb2 common to bo? tribes1 #abi-acc1 #aif-aig2 con/ruction (1 #hb-hc1 #aai1 #adh-aej2 ,elkhair on significance (1 #aac-aae2 ,mask imp]sonator pres5t 91 #ih-ii2 ,muxhato,lz+ 91 #abc2 ( ,be> cult1 #agc2 ( ,m9si1 #abg-ade2 orig9 (1 #adg-aeb2 pray] 91 #aab-aac2 prep>ation (1 = ,c]emony1 #he-hg1 #aag2 return ( hunt]s to1 #ajj-aja2 rites ( ,mask 91 #aea-aeb2 seat+ ( congregation 91 #ic2 s]v+ ( meals 91 #aaj2 turtle rattles (1 #aha2 visions recit$ 91 #ge-gf4 ,see ,annual c]emony1 ,meet+-h\se ,bilb]ries1 at ,annual fea/1 #aah2 9 ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 #eh ,birds z gu>dian spirits1 #gh1 #hj1 #aba1 #aie ,black1 & r$3 c>v$ faces pa9t$ )1 #hc1 #aai2 ,mask pa9t$ )1 #cc1 #da1 #aej1 #aee2 & :ite duck1 z gu>dian _s1 #fg1 #adj2 hog1 (f]+ (1 #agc2 symboliz+ m51 #adj-ada ,blanket1 c]emonial wav+ (1 #ade2 blankets spread ov] sweat+-ov51 #abe ,bless+ grant$ by gu>dian spirits1 #fe-fg1 #gg1 #aid-aie ,blood1 lum9\s ball (1 #ec-ed ,body1 lum9\s =m (1 #ec-ed ,bones1 burn+ (1 at ,annual c]emony1 #aah ,b[l1 & dice game ( mant[k1 #be-bf2 c]emonial1 9 ,be> cult1 #agc-agd2 b[ls1 b>k1 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #aca1 #acg ,b[s & arr[s ( ,?und] ,be+s1 #bi ,box-tortoise rattle 9 ,annual c]emony1 #id-if1 #aah1 #abj4 ,see ,rattles ,box-turtle rattle ( ,plant+ dance1 #adc4 ,see ,rattles ,boys1 dream+ (1 = p[]1 #ed2 initiation (1 #fc-fd1 #gh-hj2 pet (1 #agb2 vision ( ,mask ,be+ by1 #adg-aeb2 visions (1 #fb-fc1 #gb-ge1 #ib1 #adj1 #aid-aie ,bra9]d1 ,david1 on animal spirits1 #ej2 on ,annual c]emony1 #aea-aeb2 on c>v$ faces 9 ,big ,h\se1 #db2 on concept ( s\l1 #ef2 on dream or vision1 #gg2 on ,evil ,_s1 #be2 on ,f\r ,directions1 #bg2 on ,great ,_s1 #bb-bc2 on imp]sonator ( ,mask ,be+1 #da-db2 on sun1 #bh ,bra9]d1 ,john1 on idol image or ,doll1 #df-dg ,brass eyes ( ,mizink1 #aeh 8,br++ 90 ! meet+1 #ha1 #ib-id1 #ajd1 #abb1 #ace1 #agd ,br[n1 ,william1 ackn[l$gm5t to1 #ad ,bru% h\se ( ,be> cult1 #agc-agd ,buck1 *ant ref]r+ to1 #fi2 pray] to1 #abf2 ridd5 by ,mask ,be+1 #cc1 #adh2 wom5's %>e 91 #ajf ,bucksk91 skeleton wrapp$ 91 #ahd ,buffalo1 z gu>dian _s1 #gh2 dance (1 #ahb-ahc ,bun*es ( wampum1 symbolism (1 #ada-adc ,burial1 ,wolf clan rites (1 #ahc-ahd ,burn+1 ( bones1 #aah2 ( c$> leaves1 #aje2 ( fat1 #aag-aah1 #acd1 #agc-age2 ( hemlock-b\ghs1 #acc1 #add-ade2 ( hog's head1 #age2 ( moccas9s1 #dg2 ( tobacco1 #bi1 #ih1 #abf1 #aea4 ,see ,(f]+ ,cactus call$ peyote1 #ahf4 ,see ,peyote rite ,caddo1 ,peyote cult orig9at+ among1 #ahe ,canada1 ,l5ape n[ resid5t 91 #ac-ad1 #agj4 ,see ,ont>io ,canoe1 com+ ( :ite m5 91 #aba2 ov] riv] to ,_s l&1 #ed ,cantico1 ,p5n's t]m = c]emony1 #aae-aaf ,cap1 be>sk91 ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #db ,c>v$ drum/icks1 9 ,annual c]emony1 #aja-ajc1 #aej2 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #acj-aca1 #aci-adj1 #aig ,c>v$ faces1 on drum/icks1 #aja1 #acj-aca1 #aig2 on po/s ( ,big ,h\se1 #db-dc1 #hc1 #hh1 #ajf1 #aai1 #adh1 #aej2 on po/s ( ,m9si ,big ,h\se1 #abi-acj1 #aea2 repres5t+ ,keep]s ( ! ,heav5s1 #ca4 ,see ,mask1 ,masks1 ,msing ,catfi%1 ,james ,wolf's dream (1 #gb-gc ,cattle1 ,mask ,be+ gu>dian (1 #ce1 #aeg ,cayuga1 ,false ,face company (1 #afa2 long-h\se1 ?anksgiv+ ( ,l5ape 91 #aci2 ,plant+ dance (1 #adc ,c$>-leaves1 burn+ (1 at ,annual c]emony1 #aje ,c5tral po/1 c>v$ faces on1 #hc1 #aai1 #aea2 c]emonial (3 9 ,annual c]emony1 #id1 #ajf1 #aai-abj2 9 ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #add2 9 ,m9si ,big ,h\se1 #abi-acj1 #ace2 9 ,muxhato,lz+1 #abc ,c5tral ,we/1 ,peyote cult 91 #ahe ,c]emonies1 direct$ by gu>dian _s1 #fe2 ext9ction (1 #fc2 9 honor ( dead1 #ee1 #aia1 #aie-aif2 m9or1 #aih-aii2 ( ,big ,h\se1 #ge-gf1 #hb2 ( ,l5ape1 pa9t+s (1 #ad2 ( ,m9si ,big ,h\se1 #abg-ade2 ( ,m9si to ,"m ,corn1 #dc2 ( ,unami & ,m9si1 comp>$1 #aif-bjj2 ?anks giv5 to ,great ,_s 91 #ah1 #ade1 #aif4 ,see ,annual c]emony1 ,c]emony ,c]emony1 ( ,be>1 #aga-agf2 ( ,buffalo1 #ahb-ahc2 ( ,doll ,be+1 #df1 #afb-aga2 ( ,fir/ fruits1 #add-ade2 ( ,mask ,be+1 #ce1 #aih-aii2 ( ,mask society1 #cg1 #aei-afa2 ( ,ott]1 #agf-ahc2 ( ,peyote1 #ahe-aia2 ( ,skeleton dance1 #ahc-ahd2 ( ,?anksgiv+1 #aci-adc4 ,see ,annual c]emony1 ,c]emonies ,*ant1 at ,ott] c]emony1 #ahj-aha2 ( ,pokitehemun1 #fg-fh2 ref]r+ to ,mask ,be+1 #fi2 ref]r+ to visions1 #ff-gd1 #acf1 #agd-age1 #aie2 ,unami examples (1 #fg-gb4 ,see ,s+]s1 ,s++1 ,visions ,*>m1 opina or bless+ z1 #fe-ff2 *>ms3 f ,great ,horn$ ,s]p5ts1 #di2 m9iature masks z1 #cf1 #db4 ,see ,feti%es ,*>ts ( ,heav5 drawn on de]sk91 #eg ,*a/ity ( boys1 #fb-fc ,*ief1 ( ! gods1 ,great ,_s z1 #ai2 hunt] ( ,annual c]emony1 #he1 #ig4 ,see ,lead] ,*ief ,waubuno1 description ( ,m9si c]emony by1 #adc-ade2 on ,great ,_s1 #ba-bb ,*ildr51 c>$ = by ,mask ,be+1 #cd-ce1 #aec1 #aee-aef2 ,doll ,be+ reveal$ to1 #afb-afc2 ,little ,p hunt$ by1 #di1 #aic2 meet+ (1 ) p>5ts 9 ,heav51 #ec1 #ia2 no long] pils1 #fc1 #aab-aad2 "p (1 9 ,annual c]emony1 #ajh-aji2 pray]s =1 #aae4 ,see ,boys1 ,girls ,*ol]a *eck$ by ,false ,face company1 #afa ,*ri/1 tomb (1 at ,peyote rite1 #ahf-ahg4 ,see ,jesus ,*ri/ ,*ri/ianity1 concepts (1 9 ,peyote rite1 #ahf-aij2 idols giv5 up =1 #ch2 ,nanitis giv5 up =1 #afi2 visions giv5 up =1 #gb4 ,see ,devil1 ,mission>y1 ,:ites ,clans1 see ,phratries ,clo?+ ( ,nanitis1 #afg4 ,see ,co/ume ,coat ( be>sk9s ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #cd1 #da ,colors1 dyes =1 #ada4 ,see ,black1 ,r$ ,comet1 attributes (1 #dh-di ,cones1 copp]1 adorn+ ,mizink1 #aeh ,conf$]acy ( ! ,l5ape1 #ac ,conjur]1 in=mation (1 9 reg>d to ,great ,_s1 #bb-bc ,copp] adorn+ ,mizink1 #aeh ,corn1 beans & vegetables1 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb2 call$ ,l5ape food1 #gj2 9 rattle ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #db2 (f]+ (1 #add2 s\l lik5$ to1 #ei2 _s1 duties (1 #aic2 ?anks =1 #ade2 ?anks to1 #acd4 ,see ,"m ,corn ,corn-bread at ,m9si c]emony1 #acg ,corn ,goddess1 see ,"m ,corn ,corn-mu%1 see ,hom9y1 ,span ,co/ume1 ( imp]sonator3 ( ,mask ,be+1 #cc-cd1 #da-db1 #ef1 #aeb-aec1 #aee1 #aeh2 ( ,ott]1 #agg-ahb2 ( memb]s ( ,mask society1 #aei2 ( ,nanitis1 #afi-agj2 ( ,sun1 #bg2 worn at ,annual c]emony1 #ic2 worn at ,gho/ dance1 #aia ,cranes or s+]s ( ,annual c]emony1 #he4 ,see ,s+]s ,crayfi%1 ,james ,wolf's dream (1 #gb-gc ,creator1 see ,great ,_s ,cripples1 injunction to help1 #ia-ib ,crook$ nose ( ,mizink1 #aeh ,crops1 pray] =1 #dd1 #acd2 ru9 (1 #aac2 sup]natural control (1 #aid2 wat]$ by ,?und] ,be+s1 #aic ,cross1 drum/icks m>k$ )1 #aja2 _s road repres5t$ by l9e on1 #ahg-ahh4 ,see ,crucifix ,cr[ z gu>dian _s1 #fi-gj ,crucifix at ,peyote rite1 #ahg ,cult1 see ,c]emony1 ,c]emonies ,dance1 at ,?anksgiv+ c]emony1 #adb-adc2 9 honor ( ,great ,_s1 #hh2 native t]ms =1 #aae-aaf2 ( ,buffalo1 #ahb-ahc2 ( ,doll ,be+1 #afd-afe2 ( ,fir/ fruits1 #abh2 ( gu>dian spirits1 #gc2 ( ,gho/1 #aij-aia2 ( ,mask imp]sonator 9 ,big ,h\se1 #db1 #ii2 ( ,msing1 #aeb-aef2 ( ,skeleton1 #ahc-ahd2 ( ,weoplakis1 #cf2 ,plant+1 #adc2 ,/rawb]ry1 #abh1 #aig2 dances connect$ ) ,mask society1 #afj4 ,see ,danc+ ,dance songs accompany+ *ants1 #ff4 ,see ,*ant1 ,s+]s1 ,s++ ,danc+1 at ,annual c]emony1 #db1 #ie1 #ii1 #ajc1 #ajf1 #aae-aaf1 #aah-abb2 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #ade2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #ace-acf1 #adj2 9 c]emonies ( ,nanitis1 #afh1 #aga2 9 ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 #ef1 #eh4 ,see ,dance ,dank]s1 ,jasp>1 & ,sluyt]1 ,pet]1 on ,great ,_s1 #bj ,day1 clo?+ ! ,great ,man1 #bc2 god (1 #bh4 ,see ,great ,_s ,dead1 beliefs conc]n+1 #eb-fj2 c]emonies 9 honor (1 #ee1 #aia2 dance 9 honor (1 #ahc-ahd2 food (f]$ to1 #eb1 #aie-aif2 food tak5 by1 #ga2 go+ we/1 #acb2 spirits (1 z gu>dians1 #ga-gb1 #aid-aie4 ,see ,gho/s1 ,immortality ,dea?1 propitiation to prev5t1 #aii ,de]1 abundance (1 9 ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 #eh2 c]emonial hunt+ (1 #ig-aja2 = ,annual c]emony1 #aag2 = ,doll dance1 #afc-afd1 #afh-afi2 = ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #add2 = ,m9si c]emony1 #acb2 h]d$ by ,mask ,be+1 #cc1 #adh1 #aej1 #aef ,de]-ho(s adorn+ ,mizink1 #aeh ,de]sk91 *>ts ( ,heav5 drawn on1 #eg2 clo?+ ,sun1 #bg2 drum at ,annual c]emony1 #he1 #id-ie1 #ajj1 #ajf1 #aae-aaf1 #abj2 drum at ,buffalo dance1 #ahb-ahc2 drum at ,doll dance1 #afe2 drum at ,m9si c]emonies1 #acj1 #ace1 #aci2 drum at ,msing dance1 #aed-aee2 drum at ,peyote rite1 #ahh2 giv+ away (1 at ,annual c]emony1 #ajh-aji2 /uff$ ) grass1 #abc2 susp5d$ f pole1 #add2 tak5 by hunt]s1 #ajh2 worn by memb]s ( ,mask society1 #aei ,delaw>e1 ,l5ape fir/ enc\nt]$ 91 by :ites1 #ac ,devil1 a ,*ri/ian concept1 #bd-be1 #eg1 #aid4 ,see ,evil ,_s ,devil dance1 ,msing dance s call$ by :ites1 #aef ,dewey1 ,oklahoma1 ,big ,h\se ne>1 #hb ,diction>y1 ,indian1 ,zeisb]g]1 au?or1 #dc ,disease1 caus$ by neglect ( rites1 #aaf2 c]emony ( expell+1 #cg2 cur$ by ,mask ,be+1 #aei1 #afa2 cur$ by ,pabook[aih1 #afh-afi2 prev5tion (1 by a%es1 #afj4 ,see ,sickness ,di% ( b>k us$ 9 ,annual c]emony1 #aje-ajf ,doe (f]$ to ,nanitis1 #afh-afi ,dogs1 =bidd5 9 ,big ,h\se1 #aba2 prev5t$ f eat+ bones1 #aah ,doll ,be+1 belief 91 #de-dg1 #afb-afc1 #aic1 #aii2 ,unami dance (1 #afc-aff4 ,see ,nanitis ,dolls1 see ,feti%es ,dream help]1 see ,gu>dian _s ,dreams1 see ,visions ,dr9k1 c]emonial1 at ,be> cult1 #age-agf2 ( ,m9si c]emonies1 #abh1 #acd ,drum1 at ,annual c]emony1 #he1 #ie-id1 #ajj1 #ajc1 #ajf1 #aae-aaf1 #abj1 #aig2 at ,buffalo dance1 #ahb-ahc2 at ,doll dance1 #afe1 #afh2 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #add2 at ,gho/ dance1 #aia2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #acj1 #ace1 #aci-adj1 #aig2 at ,msing dance1 #aed-aee2 at ,peyote rite1 #ahh-ahi ,drumm]s1 at ,annual c]emony1 #ie1 #ajj1 #aaj1 #aej2 at ,doll dance1 #afe ,drum/icks1 at ,annual c]emony1 #aja-ajc1 #ajf1 #aej2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #acj-aca1 #aci1 #aig2 at ,peyote rite1 #ahh ,duck z gu>dian _s1 #fg-fi1 #adj ,dyes = r$ & black1 #ada ,eagle-fea!rs1 fan (1 #ahh ,e>?1 concept (1 #bh-bi2 creat$ by ,great ,_s1 #ah1 #ba2 duties (1 #aic2 ?anksgiv+ to1 #hi-ij2 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb ,e>?quake caus$ by ab&on+ rites1 #adi1 #aea ,ea/1 c]emonial significance (1 #gd1 #hc1 #he1 #ih1 #ajj-aja1 #ajh-aji1 #aai1 #aba-abb1 #aca1 #acg1 #add-ade1 #adi1 #aee1 #ahb1 #ahf-ahg2 ,gr&fa!r at1 #bf2 home ( ,great ,_s 91 #aji2 ?anksgiv+ to1 #hi ,elaunato or ,comet1 attributes (1 #dh-di ,eld] bro!r1 title1 ( moon1 #bh1 #aic2 ( sun1 #bh1 #aic2 ( ,?und] ,be+s1 #bi1 #aic ,elem5ts1 z gu>dian spirits1 #gg2 wor%ip (1 #bi-ca4 ,see ,?und] ,be+s ,elkhair1 ,*ief ,*>ley1 ackn[l$gm5t to1 #ad2 ,annual c]emony expla9$ by1 #aab-aae2 my? ( ,mask relat$ by1 #adf-aeb2 speak] ( ,annual c]emony1 #he2 spee* (1 at ,annual c]emony1 #hg-ib ,elkire1 see ,elkhair ,emetics1 purification by1 #eg1 #gi2 visions induc$ by1 #fd ,endaln t[iyn1 title ( ,f\r ,directions1 #bf ,engli% settlem5ts on ,susquehanna1 #da ,europeans1 concept ( ,devil introduc$ by1 #be1 #eg1 #aid4 ,see ,*ri/ianity1 ,:ites ,evil1 exclusion (1 f ,heav51 #ec1 #ef-ei ,evil ,_s1 native concept (1 #bd-be ,evil spirits1 driv+ out (1 #acc1 #ade1 #ahh2 gho/s z1 #ei2 ,giant ,be> "o (1 #di2 ,great ,horn$ ,s]p5ts z1 #bi1 #di1 #aic2 placation (1 #aid2 ,tornado "o (1 #dg-dh ,e-ye-he-ye-1 cry conclud+ *ant1 #acf ,faces1 c>v$3 by *ildr5 on /icks1 #afb2 9 ,big ,h\se1 #ca1 #db1 #hc1 #hh1 #aai1 #adh1 #aej2 9 ,m9si ,big ,h\se1 #abi-acj1 #aea2 on drum/icks1 #aja1 #aej1 #aig2 on ,m9si drum/icks1 #acj-aca2 c]emonial pa9t+ (1 #aje-ajf2 pa9t$ by sun1 #gf2 pa9t$1 ( ,mask ,be+1 #cc1 #da-db1 #aej1 #aee2 pa9t$1 ( sun1 #bg4 ,see ,mask1 ,masks ,fairies1 ,little ,p l1 #di ,fall1 ,annual c]emony celebrat$ 91 #ha1 #aaf1 #aai-abj2 c]emony ( ,nanitis 91 #aga2 ,?anksgiv+ 91 #aci ,false ,face ,company ( ,iroquois1 #aih-aii2 comp>$ ) ,m9si mask1 #afa ,family1 keep]s (3 ,be>1 #agb2 ,doll1 #afc-afd2 ,mask1 #cc-ce1 #aea2 ,nanitis1 #aff-aga2 ,ott]1 #agg-ahb2 sacrifice by1 #aaf-aag ,fans1 eagle-fea!r1 at ,peyote rite1 #ahh2 turkey-w+1 c]emonial sweep+ )1 #acc ,fa/+1 visions induc$ by1 #fj1 #fd1 #gi1 #aid ,fat1 dr9k+ (1 #agf2 ?r[n on fire1 #aag-aah1 #acd1 #agc-age ,fea/1 at ,annual c]emony1 #he1 #if-ig1 #ajg1 #aji2 at ,be> c]emony1 #agc-agf2 at ,buffalo dance1 #ahb2 at ,doll dance1 #aff-afg2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #acg2 at ,msing dance1 #aeb-aef2 at ,peyote rite1 #aij2 c]emonial1 ,zeisb]g] on1 #aaf-aah2 ( ! ,dead1 #aie-aif2 ( ,fir/ fruits1 #add-ade2 ( hunt]s1 #ig-ih1 #ajj-aja2 ( ,ma*tuz91 #abf2 ( ,ott] c]emony1 #agg1 #agi1 #ahb2 to ,nanitis1 #afi1 #aga ,fea/+ 9 ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 #ef ,fea!rs1 adorn+ ,mizink1 #aeh2 fan (1 #ahh2 ,peyote plac$ on1 #ahg2 r$1 worn by sun1 #bg ,fe$+1 ( dead1 #eb1 #ga2 ( ,nanitis1 #afg2 ( ,ott]1 #agi1 #ahb ,female deities3 ,doll ,be+1 #df1 #afb-aga2 ,e>?1 #bh1 #hi-ij1 #aic2 ,gr&mo!r at ! ,s\?1 #bf2 ,great ,_s1 #bj2 ,"m ,corn1 #dc-dd1 #gj1 #aie ,fe/ival ( ,ma*tuz91 #abe-abf4 ,see ,c]emonies1 ,c]emony ,feti%es or dolls1 #de-df1 #afb4 ,see ,*>m1 ,doll ,be+ ,fire1 c]emonial mak+ (3 at ,annual c]emony1 #he-hh1 #aja1 #acb-acc1 #aif2 at ,buffalo dance1 #ahb2 at ,ott] c]emony1 #agi2 c]emonial use (3 at ,annual c]emony1 #ih-ajj1 #aje1 #ajg1 #aag-aba1 #acd1 #afj2 at ,be> cult1 #agc-age2 at ,doll dance1 #afe-aff2 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #add-ade2 at ,ott] c]emony1 #ahj-aha2 at ,peyote rite1 #ahg1 #ahi2 fe/ival 9 honor (1 #abe-abf2 gift ( ,great ,_s1 #ah2 tobacco (f]$ to1 #abf ,fire-drill us$ 9 ,annual c]emony1 #hf4 ,see ,pump-drill ,fire-mak] ( ! mantos1 #aja4 ,see ,pump-drill ,fir/ fruits1 (f]+ (1 #aae1 #add-ade1 #aig4 ,see ,/rawb]ry dance ,fi% z gu>dian _s1 #gb-gc1 #gh ,fl9t1 & /eel1 c]emonial fire-mak+ )1 #agi2 fire spr++ f1 #ah ,fly+ ,wolf1 vision (1 #gc-gf ,food1 c]emonial purity (1 #fb-fc2 di/ribution (1 at ,annual c]emony1 #aba2 hunt]s provid$ )1 #ig2 (f]$ to dead1 #eb1 #aie-aif2 procur$ by dead1 #ga4 ,see ,fea/ ,foot-log across riv] to ,_s l&1 #ed ,=e/1 boys driv5 into1 = vision1 #fc-fd ,=ks on drum/icks1 #acj1 #ada ,f\r1 att5dants3 at ,annual c]emony1 #aah2 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #acb2 drum/icks 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #aci2 musicians 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #adj ,f\r ,directions or ,f\r ,w9ds1 mant[k (1 #be-bg1 #bi1 #hh1 #aab-aac1 #aic2 pray]s to1 #ea4 ,see ,w9ds ,f\r ,p[]s1 ,bra9]d on1 #bb4 ,see ,f\r ,directions ,f\ts1 see ,fox ,fox1 ,julius1 ackn[l$gm5t to1 #ad2 explanation ( ,annual c]emony by1 #aaa-aac ,fox1 ,m9nie1 ackn[l$gm5t to1 #ad ,fruits1 pray] =1 #aac4 ,see ,fir/ fruits ,full moon1 ,annual c]emony held 91 #aai-abj2 ,msing dance 91 #aeb ,future1 controll$ by gu>dian _s1 #fb2 =etold by visions1 #fa-fb1 #gi-hj1 #aba2 pray]s =1 #aae4 ,see ,immortality ,game1 ,mask ,be+ gu>dian (1 #aej ,gamu+1 native "n = ,annual c]emony1 #aji4 ,see ,annual c]emony ,g5]al ?anksgiv+1 see ,?anksgiv+ ,g5ii ( places1 #ea ,gho/ dance1 rites (1 #aij-aia ,gho/s1 z gu>dian spirits1 #ed2 bewit*m5t by1 #ei ,giant ,be>1 an evil manto1 #di4 ,see ,great ,be> ,gicelmkaong or ,great ,_s1 #hh4 ,see ,great ,_s ,gickonkizho or ,gckokwita1 ,unami "n ( sun1 #bg4 ,see ,sun ,girls1 sacr$ ott] (1 #agf-agi2 vision ( ,doll ,be+ by1 #afb-afc ,gitctlakan or ,?anksgiv+ c]emony1 #aci-adc ,god ( day1 #bh4 ,see ,sun ,god ( light1 #bc-bd4 ,see ,great ,_s ,goodness1 attribute ( ,great ,_s1 #ag1 #bc-bd2 def9ition (1 #eh2 rew>d (1 #ec1 #ef1 #eh1 #ij-ib ,g\rd rattle at ,peyote rite1 #ahh ,gr&fa!r1 at ! ,ea/1 #bf2 at ! ,nor?1 #bf1 #dh2 at ! ,we/1 #bf2 title (3 ,f\r ,directions1 #aic2 ,mask1 #aab2 ,tornado1 #dg2 ,fire1 #abe ,gr&mo!r1 at ! ,s\?1 #bf2 ,pabo?kwe1 ,great ,_s ( ! ,%awnee1 #bj2 title ( ,doll ,be+1 #afd2 title ( "o ( ,f\r ,directions1 #aic ,gr&p>5ts at ! ,f\r ,directions1 #bf-bg ,gr& ,riv]1 ,ont>io1 drum/icks collect$ at1 #acj-aca2 ,mask collect$ at1 #aeh1 #afj-afa2 ,nanitis collect$ at1 #afh2 v]sion ( ,m9si c]emony at1 #ach-adc2 wor%ip ( ,corn ,goddess at1 #dc ,grass1 de]sk9 /uff$ )1 #abc2 drum /uff$ )1 #aed1 #afe2 /rewn = seat+ gue/s1 #aag ,gras%opp]s1 plague (1 #aac 8,grav5 image0 ( ,mask ,be+1 #cc4 ,see ,mask1 ,msing ,grease1 anno9t+ )1 9 ,annual c]emony1 #aje-ajf ,great ,be>1 a less] manto1 #di1 #aic ,great ,fa!r1 see ,great ,_s ,great ,horn$ ,s]p5ts1 evil mant[k1 #di2 protection aga9/1 #bi1 #aic ,great ,man1 attributes (1 #bc4 ,see ,great ,_s ,great ,_s or ,gicelmkaong1 concept (1 #ah-bd1 #hh-ib1 #aib-aic2 e>ly writ]s on1 #bj-bd2 goodness (1 #bc-bd2 gu>dian _s s5t by1 #hj1 #aba2 home (1 9 ea/1 #aji2 home (1 9 ,twelf? ,heav51 #ai1 #ca1 #eb-ec1 #aif2 masks ! mess5g]s (1 #ca1 #hh1 #aab-aac2 ,m9si concept (1 #abg-abh1 #acc-acd2 pray] to1 #ah1 #ca1 #hh-ij1 #aab-aac1 #acf-ach1 #aif2 relation ( ,mask ,be+ to1 #cb-cc2 remote f individual1 #fb2 ?anks to1 at ,annual c]emony1 #ah1 #abj1 #ach1 #aif2 ?anks to1 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #ade2 ?anks to1 9 ,peyote rite1 #aij2 ,?und] ,be+s m9i/]s (1 #bi2 wampum giv5 by1 #abb2 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb2 wor%ip (1 at ,annual c]emony1 #aah4 ,see ,patmawas ,gu>dian _s1 animals z1 #di-ej1 #gj1 #gg1 #hj2 ants z1 #gh2 birds z1 #gh1 #hj2 buffalo z1 #gh2 *ants explanatory (1 #ff2 c\rage d]iv$ f1 #gh-gi2 cr[s z1 #fi-gj2 dead z1 #ed1 #ga-gb2 ducks z1 #fg-fi1 #adj2 elem5ts z1 #gg2 fi% z1 #gh2 giv5 by ,great ,_s1 #hj1 #aba2 giv5 9 visions1 #fe-ff1 #aid-aie2 ,mask ,be+ z1 #fi1 #aea1 #aig2 moon z1 #gh2 ,"m ,corn z1 #gj2 owl z1 #gh2 p]iodic c]emonies (1 #aii2 pray] to1 9 swea?\se1 #abc-abd2 s]p5t z1 #gh2 sun z1 #gf1 #gh2 sup]natural help]s z1 #fa-fc2 ,?und] ,be+ z1 #gd-ge2 title ( ,"m ,corn1 #dc2 vision (1 #agd-age4 ,see ,?und] ,be+s1 ,visions ,ha-a-a1 v>iant ( pray]-cry1 #ajh4 ,see ,ho-o-o ,hair1 ( ,mask ,be+1 #cc1 #aeh2 ( ,sun1 #bg2 ( ,tornado1 #dg ,halfmoon1 ,sun _s gu>dian (1 #gf ,hank1 ,eunice1 ,nanitis giv5 up by1 #afi ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd or ,l& ( ,spirits1 #bj-ba1 #eb-ei1 #hh1 #ij-ib4 ,see ,heav5 ,head1 be>'s1 c]emonial (f]+ (1 #agc-age2 ( family1 duties (1 #aag2 heads3 anno9t$ ) r$ pa9t1 #aje2 c>v$ on drum/icks1 #aja1 #aci-adj1 #aej1 #aig2 dropp+ (1 by ,comet1 #dh-di2 /one1 ( ,mask ,be+1 #dj-da ,heal?1 ,be> cult pres]v+1 #agb2 feti%es pres]v+1 #de-df2 ,ott] cult pres]v+1 #agg-agi2 god (1 #afh2 ,mask re/or+1 #cd1 #cf-cg1 #aef-aeg1 #aei1 #afa2 ,nanitis gu>dian (1 #afc-afd1 #aff-aga2 pray] =1 #acd2 sup]natural control (1 #aid4 ,see ,sickness ,heav51 concept (1 #bj-ba1 #eb-ei2 duration ( j\rney to1 #hh2 ,milky ,way to1 #eh2 ,peyote road to1 #ahg2 sweep+ way to1 #hh1 #ajg2 visit$ by prea*]s1 #eg2 visit$ dur+ visions1 #ahi-aia4 ,see ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd ,heav5s1 keep]s (1 #ca2 return ( ,patmawas to1 #abg-abh4 ,see ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 ,twelf? heav5 ,heckeweld]1 ,john1 on dreams or visions1 #gh-hj2 on ,great ,_s1 #ba2 on ,?und] ,be+s1 #cj2 on ,unalatko1 #abd ,hell1 extrane\s concept (1 #eg ,hemlock-b\ghs1 c]emonial burn+ (1 #acc1 #add-ade ,h]b1 pass$ at ,peyote rite1 #ahh-ahi2 h]bs3 pray]s 9 ga!r+1 #bf1 #ea2 ?anks to1 #acd ,heye ,museum1 see ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation ,hill1 home ( ,mask ,be+1 #aeh ,hog1 fea/ (1 at ,ott] c]emony1 #agf-agi2 (f]+ (1 #agc-age ,ho-ho-ho or cry ( ,mask ,be+1 #adi1 #aec ,holm1 ,?omas ,campanius1 on ,evil ,_s1 #be2 on ,great ,_s1 #ba ,hom9y1 at ,buffalo dance1 #ahb2 at ,msing dance1 #aec-aed2 (f]$ to ,doll ,be+1 #afc-afd1 #aff2 (f]$ to ,mask ,be+1 #aej2 prep>ation (1 = ,annual c]emony1 #he1 #if-ig ,ho-o-o1 a pray]-cry1 at ,annual c]emony1 #ie1 #ig1 #ii-ajj1 #ajc-ajd1 #ajf-ajh1 #acf-ach2 at ,be> c]emony1 #age2 orig9 (1 #aab-aac ,horses1 ,mask ,be+ gu>dian (1 #ce1 #aeg2 tobacco (f]$ to recov]1 #ce ,hu-hu-hu1 cry at ,be> c]emony1 #agd-age ,hu-hu-hu-hu1 cry at ,ott] c]emony1 #aha ,human heads c>v$ on drum/icks1 #aja1 #aci-adj1 #aej1 #aig ,human skeleton dance1 see ,skeleton dance ,hunt = ,nanitis1 #aga ,hunt] at ,doll dance1 #afd ,hunt]s1 ,buffalo dance (1 #ahb-ahc2 ( ,annual c]emony1 #ig-aja1 #ajh1 #aaj1 #aag2 ( ,m9si c]emony1 #acb1 #acg2 ( ,muxhato,lz+1 #abc ,hunt+1 help ( imp]sonator ( ,mask ,be+ 91 #aeh2 9 ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 #ef2 pray] be=e1 #acd1 #acg2 sup]natural control (1 #fb1 #aid2 tobacco (f]$ be=e1 #ce1 #aeg ,hweisk-queem1 ,m9si t]m = corn1 #add4 ,see ,corn ,idol or ,ms9k1 #dc4 ,see ,mask1 ,mask ,be+1 ,msing ,illegitimacy disreg>d$ 9 family rites1 #aaf ,images possess+ life1 #de-dg4 ,see ,doll ,be+1 ,feti%es ,immortality1 belief 91 #bj-ba1 #eb-fj1 #aie-aif ,imp]sonator1 ( ,mask ,be+1 #cd-cf1 #da-db1 #de1 #ef1 #ih-ii1 #ach1 #aej1 #aeb-aei2 ( ,ott]1 #agg-ahb ,indian corn1 see ,corn ,indian diction>y1 ,zeisb]g]1 au?or1 #dc ,indians1 comm5ts (1 on ,annual c]emony1 #aaa-aae2 ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus report on1 cit$1 #hj ,initiation ( boys1 #fc-fd2 ,heckeweld] on1 #gh-hj4 ,see ,boys1 ,visions ,iroquois1 c]emonial fire-drills (1 #hf2 masks (1 comp>$ ) ,m9si1 #cf1 #ach1 #afj-afa1 #aih-aii2 ,plant+ dance (1 #adc2 primitive skirt among1 #afi2 ,/rawb]ry dance (1 #abh1 #aig ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,nanitis giv5 up =1 #agj2 road (1 #ahg4 ,see ,*ri/ianity1 ,peyote rite ,jones1 ,pet]1 on ,nahneetis1 ! ,gu>dian ( ,heal?1 #df1 #afh-afi2 on ,m9si masks1 #cg-ch1 #aeh ,j\rnal ( a voyage to ,new ,york 9 #afgi-afhj1 ,dank]s & ,sluyt]1 au?ors1 #bj ,june1 ,m9si ,big ,h\se c]emony 91 #abh ,ka*eh ,munitto1 see ,kaunzhe ,pah-tum-owans ,kansas1 celebration ( ,annual c]emony 91 #abb-abd2 ,l5ape n[ resid5t 91 #ac ,kapyhm1 native "n ( ,isaac ,monture1 #ad1 #afa ,kaunzhe ,pah-tum-owans or ,ka*eh ,munitto1 anci5t ,m9si "n ( ,great ,_s1 #bb4 ,see ,great ,_s ,keep] ( ,mask1 g5]al duties (1 #cd-cf1 #aea2 notification ( dance by1 #aeb2 /ray /ock return$ ?r\gh1 #aeg ,keep]s ( ,f\r ,directions1 see ,f\r ,directions ,keep]s ( ! ,heav5s1 #ca4 ,see ,c>v$ faces1 ,f\r ,directions ,ktantowt1 anci5t ,m9si "n ( ,great ,_s1 #ai1 #abg4 ,see ,great ,_s ,kick]on or ,kick]om1 record$ "n ( ,great ,_s 9 ,new ,j]sey1 #bj ,knk or ,kntika1 native t]ms = dance1 #aae-aaf ,ki[a1 ,gho/ dance (1 #aia ,kizho or ,kizhox1 ,m9si "n ( sun1 #bg4 ,see ,sun ,koklpowe1 native "n ( ,*ief ,*>ley ,elkhair1 #ad4 ,see ,elkhair ,kunuxs1 native t]m = ott]-sk91 #agi4 ,see ,ott] c]emony ,kwi1 or :oop1 conclud+ dance1 #acf ,lakes1 home ( ,great ,horn$ ,s]p5ts1 #di ,lam5ess caus$ by gho/s1 #ei4 ,see ,cripples ,l& ( ,spirits or ,ts*ipeghacki1 #eh4 ,see ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 ,heav5 ,lead]1 ( ,annual c]emony1 #ha-hb1 #ib-id1 #aag1 #abj2 ( ,be> cult1 #agd-age2 ( ,doll dance1 #afe2 ( ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #ade2 ( ,m9si c]emony1 #acc-acd2 ( ,peyote rite1 #ahh-aij2 lead]s1 favor$ ) visions1 #aie ,leaves1 /rewn = seat+ gue/s1 #aca ,leg5d1 ( ,annual c]emony1 #aaa-aab2 ( ,comet1 #dh-di2 ( com+ ( :ites1 #aba-abb2 ( ,"m ,corn1 #dc4 ,see ,my? ,legg+s ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #cd1 #da ,less] mant[k3 animal spirits1 #di-ej2 ,be>1 #agb-agf2 ,comet1 #dh-di2 ,doll1 #de-dg1 #afb-aga2 ,e>?1 #bh1 #hi-ij2 ,great ,be>1 #di1 #aic2 ,great ,horn$ ,s]p5ts1 #bi1 #di1 #aic2 ,keep]s ( ! ,heav5s1 #ca2 ,mask ,be+1 #cb-dc1 #adf-afa2 m9i/]s ( ,great ,_s1 #ah1 #ba1 #aic-aid2 ,moon1 #bh2 ,"m ,corn1 #dc-dd2 ( ,f\r ,directions1 #be-bg2 ,ott]1 #ej1 #agf-ahb2 ,sn[ boy1 #dh2 ,sun1 #bg-bh2 ,?und] ,be+s1 #bi-ca2 ,tornado1 #dg-dh ,light1 ,br9ton on concept (1 #bc-bd ,lightn+1 ,fly+ ,wolf's love (1 #ge-gf2 pray] to av]t1 #cj ,little ,caney riv]1 ,oklahoma1 ,big ,h\se on banks (1 #hb ,little ,p hunt$ = by *ildr51 #di1 #aic ,liv+ ,mask1 see ,mask1 ,mask ,be+ ,liv+ ,solid ,face1 see ,mask1 ,mask ,be+ ,logan family1 mask deliv]$ up by1 #ch ,logs1 ,big ,h\se built (1 #hb2 foot-log to ,_s ,l&1 #ed2 seats = ,msing dance1 #aec ,loskiel1 ,george ,h5ry1 on dreams or visions1 #gh2 on e>?1 #bi2 on ,f\r ,directions1 #bg2 on ,great ,_s1 #be2 on moon1 #bh2 on sun1 #bh2 on twelve gods1 #ca ,ma*tuz91 fe/ival 9 honor ( fire1 #abe-abf4 ,see ,muxhato,lz+ ,maize1 see ,corn ,mant[k or spirits1 belief 91 #ag-dd2 (f]+s to1 #add-ade2 ?anksgiv+ to1 9 ,annual c]emony1 #hi-ij4 ,see ,great ,_s1 ,less] mant[k ,mannitts1 ,heckeweld] on1 #ba4 ,see ,less] mant[k ,maple1 dye f b>k (1 #ada ,m>ble-l object giv5 to ,pokitehemun by gu>dian _s1 #fg ,m>%1 ,cutt+1 acc\nt ( ,nanitis by1 #afi-aga ,mask1 abs5t f ,be> c]emony1 #aga2 anno9t+ (1 #aje-ajf2 z gu>dian _s1 #aea2 call$ ,weoplakis1 #ce-cf2 c>v$ faces (1 9 ,big ,h\se1 #db1 #hc1 #hh1 #adh1 #aej2 heal+ p[] (1 #cd1 #cg1 #aef-aeg1 #aei1 #afa2 keep] (1 #cd-cf1 #aea-aeb1 #aeg2 pa9t+ (1 #cc-cd1 #da1 #aej1 #aee2 society ( ,m9si1 #cf-cg1 #ach1 #aei-afa1 #aih-aii2 ,unami my? (1 #adf-aeb4 ,see ,mask ,be+1 ,masks1 ,msing ,mask ,be+ or ,ms+hlikn1 z gu>dian _s1 #aie2 c]emonies (1 #aig2 cult (1 #cb-dc1 #aih2 de] h]d$ by1 #cc1 #ii2 diseases cur$ by1 #cd-ce1 #aef-aeg1 #aei1 #afa2 g5]al duties (1 #aic2 imp]sonator (1 #cd-cf1 #da-db1 #de1 #ef1 #ih-ii1 #ach1 #aej1 #aeb-aei2 masks ! symbol (1 #cc1 #db1 #de1 #hc1 #hh1 #ii1 #adh1 #aej2 my? (1 #adg-aeb2 relation ( ,keep]s ( ,heav5s to1 #ca2 vision conc]n+1 #fi4 ,see ,mask1 ,masks1 ,msing ,masks1 ( /one1 f\nd 9 ,new ,j]sey & vic9ity1 #ch-da2 pa9t+ (1 #hc1 #aai2 pray]-cry c>ri$ by1 #ca1 #aab-aac2 repres5t+ ,keep]s ( ! ,heav5s1 #ca2 symbols ( ,mask ,be+1 #cc1 #db1 #de1 #hc1 #hh1 #ii1 #adh1 #aej4 ,see ,mask1 ,mask ,be+1 ,msing ,ma/] ( ,c]emonies1 see ,lead] ,may1 ,msing dance 91 #aeb ,meals s]v$ by ackas1 #aaj-aaa1 #aah ,m$ic9e1 f too? ( ,great ,be>1 #di2 pray] to ,f\r ,directions 9 mak+1 #bf ,m$ic9e-man1 see ,%aman ,m$ium%ip1 belief 91 #ed-ee1 #aif ,meet+-h\se ( ,mask society1 #aei ,m51 black symboliz+1 #adj-ada2 drum/icks repres5t+1 #aja1 #acj-aca ,m5ses1 wom5 91 taboo1 #fb-fc1 #hh1 #acc1 #aig ,ms9k or idol1 #dc4 ,see ,mask1 ,mask ,be+1 ,msing ,mess5g]s ( ,great ,_s1 #ca1 #hh4 ,see ,f\r ,directions ,mess+q1 ,adams on dance (1 #aee-aef4 ,see ,mask1 ,mask ,be+1 ,msing ,me ,ze5gk1 "n giv5 by ,pet] ,jones to ,mizink1 #ch4 ,see ,mizink ,milky ,way1 ! road to ,heav51 #eh ,m9iature masks or *>ms1 #cf1 #db-dc ,m9si or ,muncey1 a tribe ( ! ,l5ape1 #ac2 ar*aic heav5 (1 #ed2 belief (1 9 ,great ,_s1 #ai1 #abg1 #acc-acd2 belief (1 9 plant spirits1 #ea2 ,big ,h\se (1 #abh-acb2 ,mask imp]sonator abs5t f1 #ach2 c>v$ faces 91 #abi-acj1 #aea2 c]emonies (1 comp>$ ) ,unami1 #abg-ade1 #aif-bjj2 c]emonies (1 to ,"m ,corn1 #dc2 *ants (1 ref]r+ to visions1 #gb-gg2 ,doll ,be+ (1 #de-dg1 #afb1 #aff-aga2 ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits (1 #add-ade2 gu>dian spirits (1 #gb-gg2 kntika or dance (1 #aaf2 ,mask (1 #cf-ch1 #aeh-afa2 ,mask society (1 #ach1 #aei-afa1 #aih-aii2 m$ium%ip among1 #ed-ee2 proportion (1 9 ,l5ape1 #abd-abe2 ,?anksgiv+ c]emony (1 #ach-adc ,msing1 dance (1 #aeb-aef4 ,see ,mask1 ,m9si mask ,ms+hlikn1 ,unami "n = ,mask ,be+1 #cb4 ,see ,mask ,be+ ,ms+knk1 ,unami "n = ,msing dance1 #aeb4 ,see ,msing ,mission>y tea*+1 concept ( ,great ,_s n due to1 #ai-bj4 ,see ,*ri/ianity ,mizink1 ,m9si =m ( ,msing1 #aeh4 ,see ,mask society1 ,m9si mask ,miz9khlikn1 ,m9si =m ( ,ms+hlikn1 #cf4 ,see ,mask ,be+ ,miz9kntka or dance ( ,mask society1 #aei ,mkhign1 ,m9si t]m = pa9t$ /icks1 #adj4 ,see ,/icks ,moccas9s1 burn$ to deflect ,tornado1 #dg2 made = ,nanitis1 #afg2 made ( c]emonial de]sk9s1 #ajh ,monture1 ,*ief ,nellis1 ackn[l$gm5t to1 #ad ,monture1 ,isaac1 ackn[l$gm5t to1 #ad2 ,m9si mask b\ght f1 #afa ,moon1 or m\nd1 at ,peyote rite1 #ahf-ahg2 or ,piskew5ikizho3 z gu>dian _s1 #gh2 concept (1 #bh2 duties (1 #aic2 wail+ to1 #ade2 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb4 ,see ,full moon ,moral code1 at ,annual c]emony1 #eh1 #ij-ib2 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #add2 at ,m9si ,annual c]emony1 #acc-acd1 #acg2 at ,peyote rite1 #ahf-aij ,mort> made ( mud1 #he ,mort>1 peyote cru%$ 91 #ahh ,"m1 title ( e>?1 #bh1 #hi-ij1 #aic2 title ( ,nanitis1 #agj-aga ,"m ,corn1 z gu>dian _s1 #gj1 #aie2 attributes (1 #dc-dd1 #ea ,m\nd1 c]emonial1 9 ,peyote rite1 #ahf-ahg ,m\nta9s1 home ( ,mask ,be+1 #cc1 #adg2 home ( ,?und] ,be+s1 #cj ,moxhomsa ,eliosigak or ,gr&fa!r at ! ,we/1 #bf ,moxhomsa ,l[aneyng or ,gr&fa!r at ! ,nor?1 #bf ,moxhomsa ,whnjiopng or ,gr&fa!r at ! ,ea/1 #bf ,mud1 c]emonial mort> made (1 #he 8,muncey devil idol0 or mask1 #ch4 ,see ,mask 8,muncey ,john0 ,h5ry1 ,sun _s gu>dian (1 #gf ,munceyt[n1 ,ont>io1 dr[n+ ne>1 #ee2 masks (1 #aeh2 ,m9si c]emony at1 #abg-ach ,munsey1 see ,m9si ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation1 masks 91 #cf2 p>aph]nalia ( ,ott] c]emony 91 #agf2 rese>*es (1 #ae ,music1 see ,drum1 ,s+]s1 ,s++ ,mussel%ells us$ z spoons at fea/1 #ig ,muxhato,lz+ =m ( ,annual c]emony1 #abc-abd4 ,see ,ma*tuz9 ,my?1 ( ,be> c]emony1 #agb2 ( ,doll ,be+1 #afb-afc2 ( ,m9si ,annual c]emony1 #abg-abh2 ( ,ott]1 #agf-agi2 ( ,?und]1 #cj4 ,see ,leg5d ,nahneetis1 ! ,gu>dian ( ,heal?1 ,pet] ,jones on1 #afh-afi4 ,see ,nanitis ,nanitis1 acc\nt (1 by ,rev4 ,cutt+ ,m>%1 #afi-aga2 c]emonies (1 #aff-aga2 fe$+ (1 #afg-afh2 9 ,e4 ,t4 ,tefft collection1 #afh-afi2 ,m9si t]m = ,doll ,be+1 #de-dg1 #afb4 ,see ,doll ,be+ ,nankmaoxa1 native "n ( ,mi*ael ,an?ony1 #aci1 #adj4 ,see ,an?ony1 ,mi*ael ,nanticoke1 proportion (1 9 ,l5ape1 #abd-abe2 ,skeleton dance (1 #ahc-ahd ,nature1 h[ reg>d$1 #ag1 #bc4 ,see ,great ,_s1 ,less] mant[k1 ,(f]+1 ,pray] ,nee-%aw-nee*k-togho-quanoo-maun or ,we5-da-mu*-te51 ,m9si t]m = ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #ade ,new fire1 c]emony (1 #aif2 mak+ (1 #aja4 ,see ,fire ,new ,j]sey1 e>ly writ]s on ,l5ape 91 #bj2 ,l5ape fir/ enc\nt]$ 91 by :ites1 #ac2 ,l5ape /one masks f\nd 91 #ch-da ,new ,york1 ,l5ape fir/ enc\nt]$ 91 by :ites1 #ac ',ngammu91 or fea/1 describ$ by ,zeisb]g]1 #aji4 ,see ,annual c]emony ,niag>a gorge1 home ( ,?und]s1 #cj ,ni*olas1 ,joe1 ,mask deliv]$ up by1 #ch ,night sun1 see ,moon ,nooma ,cawaneyng or ,gr&mo!r at ! ,s\?1 #bf ,nor?1 c]emonial significance (1 #ic1 #ajc1 #ajh1 #aai1 #adg2 mant[k (1 #be-bf2 ?anksgiv+ to1 #hi ,nor? ,am]ican tribes1 belief 9 visions among1 #fa ,octob]1 ,annual c]emony held 91 #ha1 #aai-abj ,odas1 ,unami t]m = ,doll ,be+1 #df1 #afb4 ,see ,doll ,be+ ,odas-knk1 ,unami t]m = ,doll dance1 #afc4 ,see ,doll ,be+ ,(f]+1 ( be>'s fat1 #aag-aah1 #acd2 ( be>'s fle% to ,corn ,goddess1 #dd2 ( de] to ,doll ,be+1 #afc2 ( doe to ,nanitis1 #afh-afi2 ( fir/ fruits1 #aae1 #add-ade2 ( food to dead1 #eb1 #aie-aif2 ( hog to ,ott]1 #agc2 ( hom9y to ,doll ,be+1 #afc-afd1 #aff2 ( hom9y to ,mask ,be+1 #aej2 ( moccas9s to av]t tornado1 #dg2 ( tobacco3 on behalf ( hunt]s1 #ih-ii2 to ,be>1 #agb2 to fire1 #abf2 to ,f\r ,directions1 #bf2 to ,mask1 #cd1 #ce1 #aea1 #aeg2 to ,mask imp]sonator1 #aec1 #aef2 to ,ott]1 #agg2 to ,?und] ,be+s1 #bi2 ( wampum to de]1 #abc2 (f]+s3 at ,annual c]emony1 #aag-aah2 to g5ii1 #ea2 to gu>dian _s1 #fb2 to ,mask1 #dc2 to ,nanitis1 #de-df2 to ,sn[ boy1 #dh4 ,see ,propitiation1 ,sacrifice ,(fic]s ( ,annual c]emony1 #hd-he2 paym5t (1 #aaj-aaa1 #aba ,ohio1 ,l5ape /one masks f\nd 91 #ch-da ,oklahoma1 ance/ry ( ,l5ape n[ 91 #abd-abe2 ,annual c]emony celebrat$ 91 #ha-aaa1 #aai-abb1 #acj1 #ach2 ,l5ape n[ resid5t 91 #ac2 primitive skirts worn 91 #afi2 wor%ip ( ,corn ,goddess 91 #dc ,"otko or ,nanticoke1 #ahc4 ,see ,nanticoke ,ont>io1 ,canada1 ,l5ape n[ resid5t 91 #ac2 m$ium%ip report$ 91 #ee2 ,m9si c]emonies 91 #dc1 #abg-ade4 ,see ,gr& ,riv]1 ,munceyt[n ,o-o-o1 pray]-cry ( ,mask society1 #aei ,opina or bless+ grant$ by gu>dian spirits1 #fe-ff4 ,see ,bless+ ,ori5tation1 z to fire1 #aja1 #aai-abj2 at ,msing dance1 #aee2 9 (f]+s1 #ih2 9 ,peyote rite1 #ahf-ahg2 9 pray+1 #ajj1 #ajh1 #aji1 #abb1 #acg2 9 visions1 #gd1 #adg1 #adi2 ( c>v$ faces1 #hc2 ( c]emonial cook+1 #he1 #ahb1 #ahg2 ( entrance & exit1 #aai1 #aca-acb1 #add-ade2 ( heav51 #ed1 #ef2 ( rattles1 #ajc1 #abj2 ( seat+1 #ic1 #aai1 #aca2 ( ?anksgiv+1 #hi4 ,see ,ea/1 ,nor?1 ,s\?1 ,we/ ,orig91 ( ,be> c]emony1 #agb2 ( ,mask1 #cc1 #adf-aeb2 ( ,m9si ,annual c]emony1 #abg-ach2 ( ,nanitis1 #aff-afg2 ( ,ott] c]emony1 #agf-agi2 ( ,peyote rite1 #ahe1 #aii ,ott]1 c]emony (1 #agf-ahc1 #aii2 p[] f1 #ej ,ott]-sk91 regalia (1 #agg-ahb ,our ,"m1 title ( ,e>?1 #bh ,owl z gu>dian _s1 #gh1 #aie ,pabook[aih1 god ( heal?1 #afh-afi ,pabo?kwe1 ,great ,_s ( ! ,%awnee1 #bj ,pa9t1 on c>v$ faces1 #hc1 #aai2 on drum/icks1 symbolism (1 #adj1 #ada2 on face ( ,mask ,be+1 #cc1 #da1 #aej1 #aee2 on face ( ,muncey ,john1 #gf2 on face ( ,sun1 #bg2 on /icks us$ 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #aca1 #aci-ada4 ,see ,black1 ,r$ ,pa9t-di% ( b>k 9 ,annual c]emony1 #aje-ajf ,pa9t+s by ,erne/ ,spybuck1 #ad ,pakdign or c>v$ drum/icks1 #aja4 ,see ,drum/icks ,pan!on ( ! ,l5ape1 #ag-dd4 ,see ,great ,_s1 ,less] mant[k1 ,mant[k ,papasokwiln1 ,unami "n = ,be> c]emony1 #aga4 ,see ,be> c]emony ,p>adise1 see ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd ,p>5ts1 k9dness to1 rew>d$1 #eg2 meet+ )1 9 ,heav51 #ec1 #ia ,p>tridges1 ,?und]s 9 =m (1 #cj ,patmawas1 ,m9si "n = ,great ,_s1 #ai1 #abg2 ,m9si wor%ip (1 #acc-acd4 ,see ,great ,_s ,paym5t ( (fic]s & att5dants at c]emonies1 #ig1 #ii1 #ajd1 #ajf-aaa1 #aah1 #aba1 #aeb-aed1 #afd1 #agb-agc1 #agi4 ,see ,wampum ,peacemak]1 ,mask ,be+ s consid]$1 #aef ,pebbles 9 tortoise-%ell rattle1 #aah1 #abj ,p5n1 ,william1 on ,annual c]emony1 #aae-aaf2 on concept ( s\l1 #ef2 on ,great ,_s1 #bj-ba ,p5nsylvania1 ,annual c]emony 91 #acj2 ,l5ape fir/ enc\nt]$ 91 by :ites1 #ac2 ,l5ape /one masks f\nd 91 #ch-da ,petanh9k1 native "n ( ,julius ,fox1 #ad4 ,see ,fox1 ,julius ,pe?ak[eyuk or ,?und] ,be+s1 #bi4 ,see ,?und] ,be+s ,pets1 cult (1 #aih2 spirits (1 #agb1 #agf ,peyote1 rite1 #ahe-aif1 #aii2 road1 #ahg1 #ahi-aij ,pheasant1 ,monroe1 ackn[l$gm5t to1 #ad ,phratries or totemic gr\ps3 pray]s (1 #ajd2 rituals among1 #ha-hb1 #ajh-aji1 #aai-abj2 ,turkey1 9 ,be> cult1 #age2 ,wolf3 ,be> cult (1 #agb2 ,skeleton dance (1 #ahc-ahd 8,pick+ b]ries0 or wampum1 #ajj ,pileswak or ,pilesoak1 ,m9si "n ( ,?und] ,be+s1 #cj4 ,see ,?und] ,be+s ,pileswa,l pewalatcil or 9 league ) ,?und]s1 #gf ,pils or pure1 ott]1 #agf-agg2 visions v\*saf$ to1 #fb-fc1 #aab-aad ,piskew5ikizho or night sun1 #bh4 ,see ,moon ,placation ( spirits1 #aid4 ,see ,(f]+1 ,pray] ,places1 g5ii (1 #ea ,plants1 z gu>dian spirits1 #aie2 spirits (1 #ag1 #ea1 #aah1 #abe1 #aid2 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb ,poisons1 f>e ( wick$1 #eh-ei ,pokitehemun or ,george ,wilson1 vision (1 #fg-fi ,poles1 de] hung on1 #ajj-aja1 #afd2 de]sk9 hung on1 #abi-acj1 #add2 9 ,fire fe/ival1 #abe2 9 ,m9si ,big ,h\se1 #aca1 #adj2 meat hung on1 #agc2 repres5t+ twelve mant[k1 #abe2 us$ 9 ,msing dance1 #aee2 v5ison hung on1 #aba4 ,see ,f\r ,directions1 ,po/s ,pontifical g>b ( imp]sonator ( ,mask ,be+1 #da4 ,see ,co/ume ,poor1 de]sk9s giv5 to1 #ajh-aji ,po/s1 ( ,big ,h\se1 c>v$ faces on1 #ca1 #db1 #hc1 #ajf1 #aai1 #adh2 ( ,m9si ,big ,h\se1 #abi-acj4 ,see ,c5tral po/1 ,poles1 ,/icks ,potatoes1 (f]+ (1 #add ,p[]1 d]iv$ f gu>dian _s1 #ej1 #ff1 #gh-gi2 f vision1 #ed1 #adj1 #adg-adh1 #age1 #aid-aie4 ,see ,bless+ ,p[nign or de]sk9 drum1 #id-ie4 ,see ,drum ,pray]1 at conclusion ( ,annual c]emony1 #ajf-aji1 #abb1 #aig2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #acc-acd1 #acf-ach1 #aig2 at ,?anksgiv+ c]emony1 #adb2 c>ri$ by ,masks1 #aab2 = hunt]s1 #ii-ajj2 ( ,be> c]emony1 #agd2 ( phratry1 #ajd2 to buck1 #abf2 to ,corn ,goddess1 #dc-dd2 to ,doll ,be+1 #afd-afe2 to ,e>?1 #bi2 to ,f\r ,directions1 #bf2 to ,great ,_s1 #ah1 #ca1 #hh-ij1 #aif2 to gu>dian spirits1 #fb1 #abd2 to ,mask1 on behalf ( hunt]s1 #ih2 to ,mask ,be+1 #adi2 to ,?und] ,be+s1 #bi-cj2 to ,tornado1 #dg2 univ]sal b5efit (1 #aac-aae2 :ile ga!r+ h]bs1 #bf1 #ea4 ,see ,pray]-cry ,pray]-cry1 at ,m9si c]emony1 #acf-acg2 c>ri$ by ,masks1 #ca1 #hh1 #aab-aac2 ( wom51 #age4 ,see ,ho-o-o ,pray]-meet+ ( ! ducks1 #fg ,pray]-m5 at ,annual c]emony1 #ii-ajj1 #ajd ,pray] /icks or matehigun at ,annual c]emony1 #ajc2 anno9t+ (1 #ajf ,prea*]s1 native1 report$ by ,zeisb]g]1 #eg ,pr9ce ( ,d>kness1 #be4 ,see ,evil ,_s ,prophecy ( com+ ( :ite m51 #aba4 ,see ,future1 ,visions ,propitiation to prev5t mis=tune1 #aii4 ,see ,(f]+1 ,pray] ,pump-drill1 c]emonial fire made )1 #hf1 #aja2 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #aca-acb ,pumpk9s1 (f]+ (1 #add ,purification1 by emetics1 #eg1 #fd1 #gi2 by sacrifice1 #add-ade2 by smoke1 #aje1 #acc1 #add-ade1 #aig2 by /ripes1 #eh2 necess>y to vision1 #aid4 ,see ,pils ,purple & :ite beads1 #ada ,pwawahegn1 ,m9si t]m = drum1 #adj4 ,see ,drum ,pwawahegnk1 ,m9si t]m = drum/icks1 #adj4 ,see ,drum/icks ,ra91 *>ms = br++1 #di2 caus$ by ,?und]1 #hi2 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb ,rattles1 ( box-tortoise %ell3 at ,annual c]emony1 #ib1 #id-if1 #ajc-ajd1 #ajf1 #aah1 #abj2 at ,be> c]emony1 #agd-age2 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #ade2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #aca1 #ace-acf2 at ,ott] c]emony1 #ahj-aha2 at ,plant+ dance1 #adc2 at ,?anksgiv+ c]emony1 #adc2 ( g\rd1 at ,peyote rite1 #ahh2 ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #cd1 #ch1 #db1 #aej1 #aee1 #aei ,r$1 & black1 faces pa9t$ )1 9 ,big ,h\se1 #hc1 #aai2 & black1 ,mask pa9t$ )1 #cc1 #da1 #aej1 #aee2 c]emonial pa9t+ )1 #aje-ajf2 fea!rs 9 ,sun's hair1 #bg2 symboliz+ wom51 #adj-ada ,r$ ald]1 b>k (1 us$ z dye1 #ada ,religion1 see ,belief ,road-man or speak] ( ,peyote rite1 #ahh ,road to heav51 9 ,peyote rite1 #ahg1 #ahi-aij2 ,milky ,way1 #eh2 sweep+ (1 #hh1 #ajg ,rocks1 home ( ,mask ,be+1 #cf-cg1 #aeh ,riv]1 divid+ e>? f ,_s c\ntry1 #ed2 ,james ,wolf's dream (1 #gb-gc ,riv]s1 home ( ,great ,horn$ ,s]p5ts1 #di ,sacrifice1 by family1 #aaf-aah2 cleans+ by1 f s91 #add-ade4 ,see ,(f]+ ,s&1 tracks ( ,little ,p 91 #di ,span or mu%1 repa/ (1 at ,annual c]emony1 #if ,s>coxie1 ,john1 ,annual c]emony conduct$ by1 #abb-abd ,seat+1 at ,annual c]emony1 #ic1 #aag1 #aai2 at ,doll dance1 #afd2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #aca2 at ,peyote rite1 #ahh ,second9e1 gu>dian spirits (1 #ga-gb ,s5eca1 ,plant+ dance (1 #adc ,s]p5t z gu>dian _s1 #gh ,sexikim9si1 ,m9si "n ( s(t maple1 #db ,%aman1 orig9ator ( ,nanitis cult1 #aff-afg ,%awnee1 concept ( ,great ,_s among1 #bj2 ,erne/ ,spybuck1 a native1 #ad ,%oot+ by hunt]s1 #ajj1 #aag ,%oot+ />1 see ,comet ,sickness1 caus$3 by gho/s1 #ei2 by loss ( be>1 #agb2 by neglect ( rites1 #aga2 by ott]1 #agg-agi2 cur$3 by ,mask ,be+1 #cd-ce1 #aef-aeg2 by ,nanitis1 #aff-afg2 propitiation to prev5t1 #aii4 ,see ,disease ,silv] broo*es worn by ,nanitis1 #agj ,s91 cleans+ f1 by sacrifice1 #add-ade4 ,see ,evil ,s+]s1 at ,annual c]emony1 #he1 #id-if1 #ajj1 #aae1 #aah1 #abj2 at ,be> cult1 #age2 at ,buffalo dance1 #ahb-ahc2 at ,doll dance1 #afd2 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #add2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #acj2 at ,msing dance1 #aed-aee2 at ,skeleton dance1 #ahd4 ,see ,*ant ,s++1 at fe/ival ( ,ma*tuz91 #abf2 at ,gho/ dance1 #aia2 at ,peyote rite1 #ahi2 at ,ott] c]emony1 #ahj-aha2 9 ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 #eh2 ( vision3 at ,annual c]emony1 #ie-if2 9 ,big ,h\se1 #adh2 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #adj4 ,see ,*ant ,si/] ,corn1 see ,"m ,corn ,six mon?s1 purification at end (1 #add-ade ,six ,nations' res]ve1 ,?anksgiv+ c]emony on1 #aci-adc ,skeleton dance1 rites (1 #ahc-ahd ,skirt1 primitive1 #afi ,sky1 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb ,sluyt]1 ,pet]1 & ,dank]s1 ,jasp>1 on ,great ,_s1 #bj ,smoke1 purification by1 #aje1 #acc1 #add-ade1 #aig ,smok+1 at ,annual c]emony1 #ie-if ,snakes1 bag full (1 #ce1 #aec ,sn[ ,boy1 attributes (1 #dh1 #aic ,society ( mask own]s1 #cg4 ,see ,mask ,s(t maple1 b>k (1 us$ z dye1 #ada ,son ( ,god1 concept (1 #eg4 ,see ,jesus ,*ri/ ,songs1 see ,*ant1 ,s+]s1 ,s++ ,sorr[ induc+ visions1 #fd-fe ,s\ls1 immortality (1 #eb-fj1 #aie-aif2 nature (1 #ij2 ( animals1 #ej2 transmigration (1 #ei ,s\?1 c]emonial significance (1 #ic1 #ajh1 #aai-abj1 #abb1 #adg2 mant[k (1 #be-bf2 significance (1 9 vision1 #gd2 ?anksgiv+ to1 #hi ,s\!a/1 c]emonial significance (1 #abj ,s\?w>d1 ! direction ( ,heav51 #ed1 #ef ,s\?we/1 ,heav5 ( ,m9si locat$ 91 #ed ,speak]1 at ,annual c]emony1 #he1 #hg-ib1 #ih1 #ajg-ajh1 #aaj1 #abj2 at ,doll dance1 #afd-afe2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #acc-acd2 at ,msing dance1 #aec-aed2 at ,peyote rite1 #ahh2 at ,?anksgiv+ c]emony1 #ada-adb ,spee*1 at ,annual c]emony1 #hg-ib1 #ih2 at ,doll dance1 #afd2 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #ade2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #acc-acd ,_s1 ( corn1 #dc2 ( light1 #bc-bd2 ( ott]1 #ej1 #agf2 ( peyote1 #ahg1 #ahi-aij2 ( sun z gu>dian1 #gf2 )9 e>?1 #bh-bi ,_s road1 see ,peyote road ,spirits1 animal1 z gu>dians1 #di-ej2 l& (1 #eb-ed2 less]1 #aid2 ( animals1 #aah1 #abe2 ( dead1 z gu>dians1 #ga-gb2 ( plants1 #ag1 #ea1 #aah1 #abe2 ( /ones1 #ag1 #ea2 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb2 wigwams (1 #ed4 ,see ,gu>dian _s1 ,less] mant[k1 ,s\ls ,spoons1 ( b>k 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #aca1 #acg2 mussel%ells z1 #ig ,spr+1 c]emony ( ,mask ,be+ 91 #ce2 ,m9si c]emony 91 #abh1 #aig2 ,msing dance 91 #aeb-aef2 ?anksgiv+ 91 #hi1 #aci2 ?und] 91 #bi ,spr+ dance ( ,weoplakis1 #cf4 ,see ,msing dance ,spr+ ,fly+ ,?+s1 see ,?und] ,be+s ,spybuck1 ,erne/1 ackn[l$gm5t to1 #ad ,squa%es1 (f]+ (1 #add2 ?anks to1 #acd ,/aff at ,peyote rite1 #ahg1 #ahi ,/amp or ,/omp dance1 #aai4 ,see ,annual c]emony ,/>s1 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb ,/eam c>ry+ pray]s1 #abd ,/ick1 ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #cd1 #aej1 #aee2 /icks3 z invitations to c]emony1 #acb2 at ,peyote rite1 #ahg2 beat+ by1 #eh2 c>ri$ by ,patmawas1 #abg-abh2 trans=m$ into feti%es1 #afb2 us$ 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #aca1 #aci-ada ,/ockbridge ,mission1 docum5ts (1 #agj ,/ock+s1 be>sk91 ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #da4 ,see ,legg+s ,/one masks f\nd 9 ,new ,j]sey & vic9ity1 #ch-da ,/ones1 spirits (1 #ag1 #ea ,/ra*ey1 ,william1 on concept ( ,f\r ,w9ds1 #bf-bg ,/rawb]ries1 c]emonial dr9k (1 #acd2 9 ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 #eh2 ,m9si c]emony 9 "t (1 #abh ,/rawb]ry dance ( ,iroquois1 #abh1 #aig ,/reams & wat]s1 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb ,/r+s ( wampum1 symbolism (1 #ada-adb ,/ripes1 purification by1 #eh ,suma* /icks1 c>ri$ by ,patmawas1 #abg-abh2 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #aca ,sun or ,gckokwita1 z gu>dian _s1 #gf1 #gh1 #aie2 ,bra9]d on concept (1 #bb2 concept (1 #bg-bh2 duties (1 #aic2 ,peyote road t[>d1 #ahg1 #aij2 salutation (1 #aij2 s\ls 91 #ei2 turn+ t[>d we/1 #acb2 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb ,sup]natural help]s or gu>dian spirits1 #fa-fc4 ,see ,gu>dian _s ,supreme ,be+1 see ,great ,_s ,survival ( ! s\l1 see ,immortality ,susquehanna riv]1 rites ( ,annual c]emony on1 #aeb2 rites ( ,mask ,be+ on1 #da-db ,swea?\se1 describ$ by ,zeisb]g]1 #abe-abf2 ( ,muxhato,lz+1 #abc-abd ,sweat+-ov51 see ,swea?\se ,sweep+1 c]emonial1 ( ,big ,h\se1 #hg-hh1 #ajg1 #abj1 #acc1 #aig2 ar\nd fires1 #aba ,taboos prescrib$ to be pils1 #fb-fc ,talegunk or s+]s at ,annual c]emony1 #he4 ,see ,s+]s ,taxoxi c[nign or tortoise-%ell rattle1 #id4 ,see ,rattles ,tay5oxwan1 native "n ( ,*ief ,james ,wolf1 #ad4 ,see ,wolf1 ,*ief ,james ,tefft1 ,e4 ,t41 e?nological collection (1 #ae2 ,nanitis 91 #afh-afi2 ,m9si mask 91 #ch ,temple1 see ,big ,h\se ,?ames riv]1 ,ont>io1 locat+ a body 91 #ee ,?anksgiv+1 at ,m9si c]emony1 #acd2 c>v$ heads symbolic (1 #adj2 ,m9si c]emonies (1 #aae1 #aci-ade1 #aig2 to ,great ,_s at c]emonies1 #ah1 #abj1 #ach1 #ade1 #aij1 #aif2 to mant[k1 #hi-ij2 to ,msing1 #aeb-aef2 to ,"m ,corn1 #dc ,?irte5 c]emonial wampum /r+s1 #ada-adb ,?ree1 b&s ( ?und]s1 #cj2 days1 wom5 int]dict$ dur+1 #abj2 phratries1 rituals (1 #aai-abj2 tribes ( ,l5ape1 #ac ,?und] & ra91 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb ,?und] ,be+s or ,pe?ak[eyuk1 z gu>dian spirits1 #gd-ge1 #aie2 attributes (1 #bi-ca1 #aic2 ?anksgiv+ to1 #hi ,?und]s-9-league-) or ,pileswa,l pewalatcil1 #gf ,timo?y1 ,*ief ,nellis ,f41 acc\nt ( ,m9si ,annual c]emony by1 #abg-ach2 ackn[l$gm5t to1 #ad2 on ,mask society1 #aei ,tipi1 use (1 9 ,peyote rite1 #ahf1 #ahh ,tobacco1 c]emonial begg+ (1 #afj2 (f]$3 on behalf ( hunt]s1 #ih-ii2 to be>1 #agb2 to fire1 #abf2 to ,f\r ,directions1 #bf2 to imp]sonator ( ,mask ,be+1 #aec1 #aef2 to ,mask1 #cd1 #ce1 #aea1 #aeg2 to ott]1 #agg2 to ,?und] ,be+s1 #bi2 to ,tornado1 #dg2 smok$ at ,annual c]emony1 #ie-if ,tomapemihilat1 native "n ( ,*ief ,nellis ,f4 ,timo?y1 #ad4 ,see ,timo?y1 ,*ief ,nellis ,f4 ,tomb ( ,*ri/ at ,peyote rite1 #ahf-ahg ,too? ( ,great ,be>1 m$ic9e made f1 #di ,tornado1 attributes (1 #dg-dh ,tortoise-%ell rattle1 at ,annual c]emony1 #id-if1 #aah1 #abj2 at ,msing dance1 #aee2 ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #db4 ,see ,rattles ,totemic gr\ps1 see ,phratries ,toys1 cult (1 #aih4 ,see ,doll ,be+1 ,feti%es ,transmigration ( s\ls1 #ei ,trees1 ,mask ,be+ ak9 to1 #aab2 gift ( ! ,great ,_s1 #ah2 %att]$ by ,?und] ,be+s1 #bi2 ?anks to1 #acd ,ts*ipeghacki or ,l& ( ,spirits1 #eh4 ,see ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd ,tudai wheji mant[k or fire-mak] ( ! mantos1 #aja ,turkey phratry at ,annual c]emony1 #hb1 #ajd1 #aai2 "p (1 9 ,be> cult1 #age ,turkey-w+s1 ,big ,h\se swept )1 #hg1 #abj1 #acc ,turtle phratry1 lead] ( ,annual c]emony1 #hb1 #ajd1 #aai-abj ,turtle-rattles1 at ,annual c]emony1 #ib1 #id-if1 #ajc-ajd1 #aah1 #abj2 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #ade2 at ,msing dance1 #aee2 at ,ott] c]emony1 #ahj-aha2 at ,?anksgiv+ c]emony1 #adc2 9 c]emonies ( ,mask society1 #aei2 9 ,be> cult1 #agd-age2 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #aca1 #ace-acf2 ( ,mask imp]sonator1 #cd1 #ch1 #aej1 #aee1 #aei4 ,see ,rattles ,twelf?1 day1 s\l rea*es heav51 #aif2 heav51 home ( ,great ,_s1 #ai1 #ca1 #eb1 #ajg1 #aab1 #aib1 #aif2 night 9 ,annual c]emony1 #aje-ajf2 pray]-cry rea*+ ,great ,_s1 #acf-ach2 /ick1 dropp+ (1 by ,patmawas1 #abg-abh ,twelve1 b5efactors1 ,corn ,goddess among1 #dc2 c>v$ faces1 #hc1 #hh1 #ajf1 #aab2 celebrants1 #abe-abf2 c]emonial sweep+s1 #ajg2 c]emonial use (1 #aig2 conclud+ pray]s1 #ajf-ajg2 days1 be=e burial1 #ahd2 days1 duration ( c]emonies1 #hb1 #aai-abj1 #abh2 days1 gho/s l+] ne> e>?1 #eb1 #ed2 days1 p]iod ( boys' fa/1 #fd2 de] at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #add2 de] = ,m9si c]emony1 #acb2 emetics1 z purification1 #eg2 gods or masks1 #ca2 heav5s1 #ca2 9 ,fire fe/ival1 #abe-abf2 memb]s ( ,mask society1 #aei2 mon?s1 duration ( e>?quake1 #adi2 nights1 duration ( ,annual c]emony1 #hh1 #ajg2 (f]+s ( tobacco1 #ih2 pipes1 9 ,fire fe/ival1 #abf2 pray]-cries1 #ig1 #ajd1 #acf2 pray]/icks at ,annual c]emony1 #ajc2 repetitions ( dance1 #aed1 #afe2 repetitions ( pray]1 #ai1 #ajh-aji1 #acf-ach2 /icks1 p5ance ( beat+ by1 #eh2 /icks us$ 9 ,m9si c]emony1 #aca2 /ones1 alt> laid on1 #aae2 /ones 9 sweat+-ov51 #abe2 suma* /icks ( ,patmawas1 #abg-abh2 sweep+s ( c]emonial fire1 #hh2 ye>s1 age ( initiation = boys1 #fc2 ye>s be=e rea*+ ,heav51 #hh ,unala*tigo1 see ,unalatko ,unalatko1 a ,l5ape tribe1 n[ m]g$1 #ac2 proportion (1 9 ,l5ape1 #abd-abe ,unami1 a ,l5ape tribe n[ ma9ly resid5t 9 ,oklahoma1 #ac2 c]emonies (1 comp>$ ) ,m9si1 #aif-bjj2 *ants (1 ref]r+ to vision1 #fg-gb2 cult ( ,mask ,be+ among1 #cb-dc1 #adf-aeh1 #aih2 ,doll ,be+ (1 #de-dg1 #afb-aff2 =m ( ,annual c]emony1 #ha-aaa2 proportion (1 9 ,l5ape1 #abd-abe ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus report on ,indians1 cit$1 #hj ,vegetables1 (f]+ (1 #add2 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb ,vegetation controll$ by ,corn _s1 #aic ,v5ison1 fea/ (1 at ,doll dance1 #aff2 fea/ (1 at ,msing dance1 #aee2 fea/ (1 at ,m9si c]emony1 #acg2 provision (1 = ,annual c]emony1 #he1 #aba2 wom5's %>e 91 #ajf ,virg9ia1 concept ( ,f\r ,directions 91 #bf-bg ,visions1 ,adams on1 #hj2 z prophecies1 #aba2 ,bra9]d on1 #gg2 *ant+ (1 at ,ott] c]emony1 #aha2 communication by1 ) ,_s _w1 #ei-fc1 #aid-aie2 decl9e (1 #aab-aac2 =tuit\s1 #fd-fe2 ,heav5 visit$ 91 #ahi-aia2 ,heckeweld] on1 #gh-hj2 induc$ by peyote1 #ahf1 #ahh-aij2 initiation ( boys to induce1 #fc-fd1 #ib2 lead]s bless$ )1 #acb2 ,loskiel on1 #gh2 ,m9si examples (1 #gb-gg2 ( ,doll ,be+1 #afb-afc2 p[] giv5 by1 #ed2 recital (3 at ,annual c]emony1 #ie-if1 #aah1 #aba1 #aif2 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #ade2 at ,m9si c]emony1 #ace-acf1 #aci-adj2 at ,muxhato,lz+1 #abc-abd2 at v>i\s rites1 #adh1 #aii2 ref]r+ to ,skeleton dance1 #ahd2 ,unami examples (1 #fg-gb2 ,zeisb]g] on1 #gg-gh4 ,see ,*ant1 ,gu>dian _s ,vomit+1 #agf4 ,see ,emetics ,wampum1 adorn+ lead] at ,ott] c]emony1 #agd2 buri$1 at ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #add2 giv5 by ,great ,_s1 #abb2 giv5 to vision tell]1 #ace2 giv+ (1 at ,annual c]emony1 #aji2 (f]$ to de]1 #abc2 own]s ( rattles paid 91 at ,annual c]emony1 #ajd2 paym5t 91 at ,doll dance1 #afd2 paym5t ( att5dants 91 at ,annual c]emony1 #ajf-aji1 #aah1 #aba1 #agb-agc1 #agi2 paym5t ( imp]sonator 91 #aeb-aed2 paym5t ( (fic]s 91 at ,annual c]emony1 #ig1 #ii-ajj1 #aaj-aaa1 #aba2 symbolic use (1 #ada-adc2 valuation (1 #aaa ,wampum1 ,john1 see ,*ief ,waubuno ,w>1 comet a presage (1 #dh-di2 success 91 due to gu>dian _s1 #fb ,wa%ita riv]1 ,oklahoma1 ,caddo on1 #ahe2 ,gho/ dance f region (1 #aij-aia ,watekan or ,m9si ,big ,h\se1 #abh4 ,see ,m9si ,big ,h\se ,wat]-drum1 at ,gho/ dance1 #aia2 at ,peyote rite1 #ahh ,wat] mon/]s1 see ,great ,horn$ ,s]p5ts ,wat]s1 gift ( ,great ,_s1 #ah ,we5-da-mu*-te51 see ,nee-%aw-nee*k-togho-quanoo-maun ,wemlexkw1 native "n ( ,m9nie ,fox1 #ad4 ,see ,fox1 ,m9nie ,weoplakis1 "n = mask ( ,unami1 #ce-cf4 ,see ,mask ,we/1 c]emonial significance (1 #hc1 #he1 #ic1 #ih1 #ajj1 #aja1 #aba-abb1 #aca-acb1 #acg1 #ade1 #aee1 #ahb1 #ahg2 ,gr&fa!r at1 #bf2 ?anksgiv+ to1 #hi ,:iskey introduc$ by ! :ites1 #bd ,:ite1 & black duck z gu>dian _s1 #fg1 #adj2 & purple beads1 #ada2 bucksk91 skeleton wrapp$ 91 #ahd ,:ites1 devil & :iskey introduc$ by1 #bd2 fairies & elves (1 #di2 ,l5ape *ildr5 re>$ l1 #fc1 #aab-aac2 ,l5ape fir/ enc\nt]$ by1 #ac2 religi\s concepts d]iv$ f1 #eg2 vision or dream reg>d+1 #aba ,:oop1 conclud+ dance1 #acf2 9 recital ( vision1 #ie 8,wife10 corn spok5 ( z1 #dd ,wigwams ( ! spirits1 #ed ,wild1 animals3 ,mask ,be+ gu>dian (1 #cc1 #ii1 #aic2 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb2 ?+s1 ,p[]s ,above gu>dians (1 #agg ,wilson1 ,gho/ dance introduc$ by1 #aij-aia ,wilson1 ,george1 see ,pokitehemun ,wilson1 ,john1 ,peyote cult introduc$ by1 #ahe ,w9d1 pray]-cry d]iv$ f1 #aab ,w9ds1 attributes (1 #aic2 mant[k (1 #be-bg2 wampum /r+ symboliz+1 #ada-adb4 ,see ,f\r ,directions ,w+s1 ( ,?und] ,be+s1 #bi1 #aic2 ( ,tornado1 #dg2 us$ to sweep ,big ,h\se1 #hg1 #abj1 #acc ,w9t]1 ,m9si ,big ,h\se c]emony 91 #abh ,wiscons9 ,hi/orical ,collections1 acc\nt ( ,nanitis 91 #afi-aga ,wiscons91 ,l5ape n[ resid5t 91 #ac ,wit*craft1 dreams reveal+1 #gg-gh2 ( gho/s1 #ei ,witopi1 ,m9si t]m = r$ ald]1 #ada ,wolf z gu>dian _s1 #aie ,wolf1 ,*ief ,james1 acc\nt ( ,m9si ,annual c]emony by1 #abg-ach2 ackn[l$gm5t to1 #ad2 dream-vision (1 #gb-gc2 m$ium%ip (1 #ee2 on ,evil ,_s1 #bd2 on ,mask ,be+1 #cf2 on ,nanitis1 #aff-afh2 on sun1 #bg2 on ?und] my?1 #cj ,wolf m51 see ,wolves ,wolf phratry1 at ,annual c]emony1 #id1 #ajd1 #aai2 ,be> cult (1 #agb2 ,skeleton dance (1 #ahc-ahd ,wolves1 ,fly+ ,wolf's vision (1 #gc-ge ,wom51 drum/icks repres5t+1 #aja1 #acj-aca2 =bidd5 9 ,be> cult1 #agd2 9 ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 #eh2 9 m5ses1 #fb-fc1 #hh1 #acc1 #aig2 int]c\rse )1 =bidd51 #abj2 keep]s ( ,nanitis1 #df2 night (1 9 ,annual c]emony1 #aje-ajf2 "p (3 9 ,annual c]emony1 #hd-he1 #hg-hh1 #if-ig1 #ajh-aji1 #aag-aah2 9 c]emony ( ,nanitis1 #afg-afh2 9 ,doll dance1 #afe2 9 ,fea/ ( fir/ fruits1 #add2 9 ,msing dance1 #aee2 9 ,ott] c]emony1 #agi2 pray] (1 at ,be> c]emony1 #age2 pray] (1 = crops1 #dd2 r$ symboliz+1 #adj-ada2 sep>ate seat+ (1 9 ,annual c]emony1 #ic2 %>e (1 9 v5ison1 #ajf2 visions grant$ to1 #fe ,wor%ip1 ( ,corn ,goddess1 #dc-dd2 ( elem5ts1 #bi-ca2 ( ,mask ,be+1 #ce2 ( sun1 #bh4 ,see ,annual c]emony1 ,(f]+1 ,pray] ,w\nds1 m$ic9e = heal+1 #di ,wry m\? ( ,mask ,be+1 #db ,ws9khoalican1 ,zeisb]g]'s t]m = ,ms+hlikn1 #db4 ,see ,mask ,be+ ,xingwikan or ,big ,h\se1 #hb1 #adh4 ,see ,big ,h\se ,zeisb]g]1 ,david1 on ,annual c]emony1 #aaf-aah1 #acj2 on ,be> c]emony1 #age-agf2 on concept ( s\l1 #eg-ei2 on ,corn ,goddess1 #dd2 on dreams or visions1 #gg-gh2 on ,evil ,_s1 #be2 on ,great ,_s1 #ba2 on ,masks1 #db-dc2 on pray]1 #aji2 on ,?und] ,be+s1 #cj2 on v>iant ( ,annual c]emony1 #abe-abf