,mi*elle ,%eph>d1 ,eric ,eldr$1 ,*>les ,franks & ! ,onl9e ,di/ribut$ ,pro(read+ ,team ,,! ,,two ,,pa?s ,by ,john ,rusk91 ,m4,a4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,! ,,two ,,pa?s4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,,! ,,det]iorative ,,p[] ,,( ,,conv5tional ,,art ,,ov] ,,nations ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,unity ,,( ,,art ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,mod]n ,,manufacture ,,& ,,design ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,imag9ation ,,9 ,,ar*itecture ,,lecture ,v4 ,,! ,,"w ,,( ,,iron1 ,,9 ,,nature1 ,,art1 ,,& ,,policy ,,app5dices ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,! ,,two ,,pa?s4 ,,! ,,ideal ,,( ,,an ,,angel ,,! ,,s]p5t ,,beguil+ ,,eve ,,contra/ ,,symmetry ,,ornam5t ,,classical ,,ar*itecture ,,c5trepiece ,,( ,,balcony ,,g5]al ,,effect ,,( ,,masses ,,pr(ile ,,tee? ,,( ,,! ,,bord] ,,bord] ,,at ,,! ,,side ,,( ,,balcony ,,outl9e ,,( ,,retract$ ,,leaves ,,preface4 ,! foll[+ addresses1 ?\gh spok5 at diff]5t times1 are int5tionally connect$ 9 subject2 _! aim be+ to set "o or two ma9 pr9ciples ( art 9 simple light be=e ! g5]al /ud5t1 & to indicate _! practical be>+ on mod]n design4 ,! law :i* x has be5 my ef=t *iefly to illu/rate is ! dep5d5ce ( all noble design1 9 any k9d1 on ! sculpture or pa9t+ ( ,organic ,=m4 ,?is is ! vital law2 ly+ at ! root ( all t ,i h ev] tri$ to tea* respect+ ar*itecture or any o!r art4 ,x is also ! law mo/ g5]ally disall[$4 ,i believe ?is mu/ be s 9 e subject4 ,we are all ( u will+ en\gh to accept dead tru?s or blunt ones2 :i* c be fitt$ h>mlessly into sp>e ni*es1 or %r\d$ & c(f9$ at once out ( ! way1 we hold+ complac5tly ! cemet]y keys1 & suppos+ we h le>n$ some?+4 ,b a sapl+ tru?1 ) e>? at its root & blossom on its bran*es2 or a tr5*ant tru?1 t c cut its way ?r\gh b>s & sods2 mo/ m51 x seems to me1 dislike ! sight or ent]ta9m5t (1 if by any means su* gue/ or vision may be avoid$4 ,&1 inde$1 ?is is no wond]2 = "o su* tru?1 ?or\ghly accept$1 connects itself /rangely ) o!rs1 & !re is no say+ :at x may lead u to4 ,& ?us ! gi/ ( :at ,i h tri$ to tea* ab\t ar*itecture has be5 ?r\gh\t d5i$ by my ar*itect read]s1 ev5 :5 !y ?\ght :at ,i said sugge/ive 9 o!r p>ticul>s4 ,any?+ b t4 ,/udy ,italian ,go?ic8--p]haps x w\ld be z well3 build ) po9t$ ar*es8--!re is no objection3 use solid /one & well-burnt brick8-- by all means3 b--le>n to c>ve or pa9t organic =m ourselves6 ,h[ c su* a ?+ be ask$8 ,we are above all t4 ,! c>v]s & pa9t]s are our s]vants--q subord9ate p4 ,!y ought to be glad if we leave room = !m4 ,well3 on t x all turns4 ,= ^? :o w n le>n to c>ve or pa9t1 & ?9k !mselves great] m5 because !y _c1 x is :olly wa/$ "t to read any words ( m9e2 9 ! true/ & /]ne/ s5se !y c read no words ( m9e2 = ! mo/ famili> ,i c use--=m1 proportion1 beauty1 curvature1 col\r--are us$ 9 a s5se :i* by no ef=t ,i c communicate to su* read]s2 & 9 no build+ t ,i praise1 is ! ?+ t ,i praise x =1 visible to !m4 ,& x is ! m necess>y = me to /ate ?is fully2 because s- call$ ,go?ic or ,romanesque build+s are n[ ris+ e day ar\nd u1 :i* might be suppos$ by ! public m or less to embody ! pr9ciples ( ^? /yles1 b :i* embody n "o ( !m1 nor any %ad[ or fragm5t ( !m2 b m]ely s]ve to c>icature ! noble build+s ( pa/ ages1 & to br+ _! =m into di%on\r by leav+ out _! s\l4 ,! foll[+ addresses are !re=e arrang$1 z ,i h j /at$1 to put ?is great law1 & "o or two collat]al ones1 9 less mi/akeable light1 secur+ ev5 9 ?is irregul> =m at lea/ cle>ness ( ass]tion4 ,= ! re/1 ! "q at issue is n "o to be decid$ by argum5t1 b by exp]im5t1 :i* if ! read] is dis9cl9$ to make1 all demon/ration mu/ be useless to him4 ,! lectures are = ! mo/ "p pr9t$ z !y 7 read1 m5d+ only obscure s5t5ces "h & !re4 ,! p>ts :i* 7 tru/$ to extempore speak+ are suppli$1 z well z ,i c rememb] 7only ) an addition "h & !re ( ?+s ,i =got to say71 9 ! words1 or at lea/ ! k9d ( words1 us$ at ! "t2 & !y conta91 at all ev5ts1 ! sub/ance ( :at ,i said m accurately ?an hurri$ j\rnal reports4 ,i mu/ beg my read]s n 9 g5]al to tru/ to su*1 = ev5 9 fa/ speak+ ,i try to use words c>efully2 & any alt]ation ( expression w sometimes involve a great alt]ation 9 mean+4 ,a little :ile ago ,i _h to speak ( an ar*itectural design1 & call$ x elegant1 mean+1 f\nd$ on good & well elect$ models2 ! pr9t$ report gave excell5t design 7t is to say1 design excell+ly good71 :i* ,i did n mean1 & %\ld1 ev5 9 ! mo/ hurri$ speak+1 nev] h said4 ,! illu/rations ( ! lecture on iron 7 sket*es made too r\ghly to be engrav$1 & yet ( too elaborate subjects to all[ ( my draw+ !m completely4 ,^? n[ sub/itut$ w1 h[ev]1 answ] ! purpose ne>ly z well1 & are m directly connect$ ) ! subjects ( ! prec$+ lectures2 s t ,i hope ?r\gh\t ! volume ! /ud5t w p]ceive an insi/ance ^u "o ma9 tru?1 nor lose 9 any m9or direction ( inquiry ! s5se ( ! responsibility :i* ! acceptance ( t tru? fa/5s ^u him2 responsibility = *oice1 decisive & conclusive1 betwe5 two modes ( /udy1 :i* involve ultimately ! developm5t1 or dead5+1 ( e p[] he possesses4 ,i h tri$ to hold t *oice cle>ly out to him1 & to unveil = him to its f>!/ ! issue ( 8 turn+ to ! "r h& or ! left4 ,guides he may f9d _m1 & aids _m2 b all ^! w be 9 va9 unless he has fir/ recognis$ ! h\r & ! po9t ( life :5 ! way divides itself1 "o way lead+ to ! ,olive m\nta9s--"o to ! vale ( ! ,salt ,sea4 ,!re are few cross roads1 t ,i "k (1 f "o to ! o!r4 ,let him pause at ! p>t+ ( ,,! ,,two ,,pa?s4 ,,! ,,two ,,pa?s ,,be+ ,,lectures ,,on ,,art1 ,,& ,,its ,,application ,,to ,,decoration ,,& ,,manufacture ,,deliv]$ ,,9 #aheh-i4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,,! ,,det]iorative ,,p[] ,,( ,,conv5tional ,,art ,,ov] ,,nations4 ,an ,inaugural ,lecture1 ,deliv]$ at ! ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,janu>y1 #aheh4 ,footnote3 ,a few introductory words1 9 :i*1 at ! op5+ ( ?is lecture1 ,i ?ank$ ! ,*airman 7,mr4 ,cock]ell71 = 8 support on ! occasion1 & ask$ 8 p>don = any ha/y expressions 9 my writ+s1 :i* might h seem$ disc\rte\s t[>ds him1 or o!r ar*itects ^: g5]al op9ions 7 oppos$ to m9e1 may be f\nd by ^? :o c>e = preambles1 n mu* misreport$1 9 ! ,build+ ,*ronicle2 ) su* comm5ts z ! g5ius ( t j\rnal 0 likely to sugge/ to x4 ,z ,i pass$1 la/ summ]1 = ! fir/ "t1 ?r\gh ! nor? ( ,scotl&1 x seem$ to me t !re 0 a peculi> pa9fulness 9 its sc5]y1 caus$ by ! non-manife/ation ( ! p[]s ( human art4 ,i _h nev] travell$ 91 nor ev5 he>d or conceiv$ ( su* a c\ntry be=e2 nor1 ?\gh ,i _h pass$ mu* ( my life amid/ m\nta9 sc5]y 9 ! s\?1 0 ,i be=e aw>e h[ mu* ( its *>m dep5d$ on ! little gracefulnesses & t5d]nesses ( human "w1 :i* are m+l$ ) ! beauty ( ! ,alps1 or sp>$ by _! desolation4 ,x is true t ! art :i* c>ves & col\rs ! front ( a ,swiss cottage is n ( any v exalt$ k9d2 yet x te/ifies to ! complet5ess & ! delicacy ( ! faculties ( ! m\nta9e]2 x is true t ! remnants ( t[] & battlem5t1 :i* af=d foot+ to ! wild v9e on ! ,alp9e promontory1 =m b a small "p ( ! great s]ration ( its rocks2 & yet x is j t fragm5t ( _! brok5 outl9e :i* gives !m _! pa!tic p[]1 & hi/orical maje/y4 ,& ?is elem5t among ! wilds ( our own c\ntry ,i f\nd :olly want+4 ,! ,highl& cottage is lit]ally a heap ( gray /ones1 *ok$ up1 r ?an ro($ ov]1 ) black peat & )]$ hea!r2 ! only approa* to an ef=t at decoration consi/s 9 ! plac+ ( ! clods ( protective peat obliquely on its ro(1 s z to give a diagonal arrangem5t ( l9es1 look+ some:at z if ! surface _h be5 scor$ ov] by a gigantic claymore4 ,&1 at lea/ among ! nor!rn hills ( ,scotl&1 elem5ts ( m anci5t ar*itectural int]e/ are equally abs5t4 ,! solit>y peel- h\se is h>dly disc]nible by ! w9d+s ( ! /ream2 ! ro(less aisle ( ! priory is lo/ among ! enclosures ( ! village2 & ! capital city ( ! ,highl&s1 ,inv]ness1 plac$ :]e x might ennoble "o ( ! sweete/ l&scapes1 & by ! %ore ( "o ( ! lovelie/ e/u>ies 9 ! _w2--plac$ betwe5 ! cre/s ( ! ,grampians & ! fl[+ ( ! ,moray ,fir?1 z if x 7 a jewel clasp+ ! folds ( ! m\nta9s to ! blue zone ( ! sea1--is only di/+ui%able f a di/ance by "o ar*itectural feature1 & exalts all ! surr\nd+ l&scape by no o!r associations ?an ^? :i* c be connect$ ) its mod]n ca/ellat$ gaol4 ,:ile ^! conditions ( ,scotti% sc5]y affect$ me v pa9fully1 x be+ ! fir/ "t 9 my life t ,i _h be5 9 any c\ntry possess+ no valuable monum5ts or examples ( art1 !y also =c$ me into ! consid]ation ( "o or two difficult que/ions respect+ ! effect ( art on ! human m9d2 & !y =c$ ^! que/ions ^u me em95tly = ?is reason1 t :ile ,i 0 w&]+ disconsolately among ! moors ( ! ,grampians1 :]e !re 0 no art to be f\nd1 news ( peculi> int]e/ 0 e day arriv+ f a c\ntry :]e !re 0 a great deal ( art1 & art ( a delicate k9d1 to be f\nd4 ,among ! models set be=e y 9 ?is in/itution1 & 9 ! o!rs e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! k+dom = ! tea*+ ( design1 !re are1 ,i suppose1 none 9 _! k9d m admirable ?an ! decorat$ works ( ,india4 ,!y are1 inde$1 9 all mat]ials capable ( col\r1 wool1 m>ble1 or metal1 almo/ inimitable 9 _! delicate application ( divid$ hue1 & f9e arrangem5t ( fanta/ic l9e4 ,nor is ?is p[] ( !irs ex]t$ by ! p r>ely1 or )\t enjoym5t2 ! love ( subtle design seems univ]sal 9 ! race1 & is develop$ 9 e implem5t t !y %ape1 & e build+ t !y raise2 x atta*es itself ) ! same int5sity1 & ) ! same success1 to ! s]vice ( sup]/ition1 ( pleasure or ( cruelty2 & enri*es alike1 ) "o pr(usion on en*ant$ iridesc5ce1 ! dome ( ! pagoda1 ! fr+e ( ! girdle & ! edge ( ! sword4 ,s !n y h1 9 ^! two great populations1 ,indian & ,highl&-- 9 ! races ( ! jungle & ( ! moor--two national capacities di/9ctly & accurately oppos$4 ,on ! "o side y h a race rejoic+ 9 art1 & em95tly & univ]sally end[$ ) ! gift ( x2 on ! o!r y h a p c>eless ( art1 & app>5tly incapable ( x1 _! utmo/ ef=t hi!rto rea*+ no f>!r ?an to ! v>iation ( ! positions ( ! b>s ( col\r 9 squ>e *equ]s4 ,& we are ?us urg$ naturally to enquire :at is ! effect on ! moral "*1 9 ea* nation1 ( ?is va/ diff]5ce 9 _! pursuits & app>5t capacities8 & :e!r ^? rude *equ]s ( ! t>tan1 or ! exquisitely fanci$ involutions ( ! ,ca%m]e1 fold habitually ov] ! noble/ he>ts8 ,we h _h our answ]4 ,s9ce ! race ( man began its c\rse ( s9 on ?is e>?1 no?+ has ev] be5 done by x s significative ( all be/ial1 & l[] ?an be/ial degradation1 z ! acts ! ,indian race 9 ! ye> t has j pass$ by4 ,cruelty z fi]ce may inde$ h be5 wreak$1 & brutality z abom9able be5 practis$ be=e1 b nev] "u l circum/ances2 rage ( prolong$ w>1 & res5tm5t ( prolong$ oppression1 h made m5 z cruel be=e n[2 & gradual decl9e into b>b>ism1 :]e no examples ( dec5cy or civilization exi/$ ar\nd !m1 has sunk1 be=e n[1 isolat$ populations to ! l[e/ level ( possible humanity4 ,b cruelty /ret*$ to its fi]ce/ aga9/ ! g5tle & un(f5d+1 & corruption fe/]$ to its loa?some/ 9 ! mid/ ( ! witness+ pres5ce ( a discipl9$ civilization1-- ^! we c\ld n h kn[n to be )9 ! practicable compass ( human guilt1 b = ! acts ( ! ,indian mut9e]4 ,&1 z ?us1 on ! "o h&1 y h an extreme en]gy ( bas5ess display$ by ^! lov]s ( art2 on ! o!r1--z if to put ! "q into ! n>r[e/ compass--y h _h an extreme en]gy ( virtue display$ by ! despis]s ( art4 ,among all ! soldi]s to :om y owe y\r victories 9 ! ,crimea1 & y\r av5g+ 9 ! ,indies1 to none are y b\nd by clos] bonds ( gratitude ?an to ! m5 :o h be5 born & br$ among ^? desolate ,highl& moors4 ,& ?us y h ! diff]5ces 9 capacity & circum/ance betwe5 ! two nations1 & ! diff]5ces 9 result on ! moral habits ( two nations1 put into ! mo/ significant--! mo/ palpable--! mo/ brief opposition4 ,out ( ! peat cottage come fai?1 c\rage1 self- sacrifice1 purity1 & piety1 & :atev] else is fruitful 9 ! "w ( ,heav52 out ( ! ivory palace come trea*]y1 cruelty1 c[>dice1 idolatry1 be/iality1--:atev] else is fruitful 9 ! "w ( ,hell4 ,b ! difficulty does n close "h4 ,f "o in/ance1 ( h[ev] great app>5t =ce1 x w\ld be :olly unfair to ga!r any g5]al conclusion--:olly illogical to ass]t t because we _h once f\nd love ( art connect$ ) moral bas5ess1 ! love ( art mu/ be ! g5]al root ( moral bas5ess2 & equally unfair to ass]t t1 because we _h once f\nd neglect ( art co9cid5t ) nobl5ess ( disposition1 neglect ( art mu/ be always ! s\rce or sign ( t nobl5ess4 ,b if we pass f ! ,indian p59sula into o!r c\ntries ( ! globe2 & f our own rec5t exp]i5ce1 to ! records ( hi/ory1 we %all /ill f9d "o great fact front+ u1 9 /]n univ]sality--namely1 ! app>5t connection ( great success 9 art ) subsequ5t national degradation4 ,y f9d1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! nations :i* possess$ a ref9$ art 7 always subdu$ by ^? :o possess$ none3 y f9d ! ,lydian subdu$ by ! ,m$e2 ! ,a!nian by ! ,sp>tan2 ! ,greek by ! ,roman2 ! ,roman by ! ,go?2 ! ,burgundian by ! ,switz]3 b y f9d1 beyond ?is--t ev5 :]e no attack by any ext]nal p[] has accel]at$ ! cata/rophe ( ! /ate1 ! p]iod 9 :i* any giv5 p rea* _! highe/ p[] 9 art is precisely t 9 :i* !y appe> to sign ! w>rant ( _! own ru92 & t1 f ! mom5t 9 :i* a p]fect /atue appe>s 9 ,flor5ce1 a p]fect picture 9 ,v5ice1 or a p]fect fresco 9 ,rome1 f t h\r =w>d1 probity1 indu/ry1 & c\rage seem to be exil$ f _! walls1 & !y p]i% 9 a sculpturesque p>alysis1 or a _m-col\r$ corruption4 ,b ev5 ?is is n all4 ,z art seems ?us1 9 its delicate =m1 to be "o ( ! *ief promot]s ( indol5ce & s5suality1--s1 ,i ne$ h>dly rem9d y1 x hi!rto has appe>$ only 9 en]getic manife/ation :5 x 0 9 ! s]vice ( sup]/ition4 ,! f\r greate/ manife/ations ( human intellect :i* f\nd$ ! f\r pr9cipal k+doms ( art1 ,egyptian1 ,babylonian1 ,greek1 & ,italian1 7 develop$ by ! /rong excitem5t ( active sup]/ition 9 ! wor%ip ( ,osiris1 ,belus1 ,m9]va1 & ! ,que5 ( ,heav54 ,!re=e1 to speak briefly1 x may appe> v difficult to %[ t art has ev] yet exi/$ 9 a consi/5t & ?or\ghly en]getic s*ool1 unless x 0 engag$ 9 ! propagation ( falsehood1 or ! enc\ragem5t ( vice4 ,& f9ally1 :ile art has ?us %[n itself always active 9 ! s]vice ( luxury & idolatry1 x has also be5 /rongly direct$ to ! exaltation ( cruelty4 ,a nation :i* lives a pa/oral & innoc5t life nev] decorates ! %eph]d's /aff or ! pl\gh-h&le1 b races :o live by depr$ation & slaught] ne>ly always be/[ exquisite ornam5ts on ! quiv]1 ! helmet1 & ! spe>4 ,does x n seem to y1 !n1 on all ^! ?ree c\nts1 m ?an que/ionable :e!r we are assembl$ "h 9 ,k5s+ton ,museum to any good purpose8 ,might we n ju/ly be look$ ^u ) suspicion & fe>1 r ?an ) sympa?y1 by ! innoc5t & un>ti/ical public8 ,are we ev5 sure ( ourselves8 ,d we "k :at we are ab\t8 ,are we met "h z hone/ p8 or are we n r s _m ,catil9es assembl$ to devise ! ha/y degradation ( our c\ntry1 or1 l a conclave ( midnight wit*es1 to summon & s5d =?1 on new & unexpect$ missions1 ! demons ( luxury1 cruelty1 & sup]/ition8 ,i tru/1 ^u ! :ole1 t x is n s3 ,i am sure t ,mr4 ,r$grave & ,mr4 ,cole d n at all include results ( ?is k9d 9 _! conception ( ! ultimate objects ( ! in/itution :i* owes s mu* to _! /r5u\s & well-direct$ ex]tions4 ,& ,i h put ?is pa9ful "q be=e y1 only t we may face x ?or\ghly1 &1 z ,i hope1 out-face x4 ,if y w give x a little s9c]e att5tion ?is ev5+1 ,i tru/ we may f9d suffici5tly good reasons = our "w1 & proce$ to x h]eaft]1 z all good workm5 %\ld d1 ) cle> heads1 & calm consci5ces4 ,to return1 !n1 to ! fir/ po9t ( difficulty1 ! relations betwe5 art & m5tal disposition 9 ,india & ,scotl&4 ,x is q true t ! art ( ,india is delicate & ref9$4 ,b x has "o curi\s "* di/+ui%+ x f all o!r art ( equal m]it 9 design--x nev] repres5ts a natural fact4 ,x ei!r =ms its compositions out ( mean+less fragm5ts ( col\r & fl[+s ( l9e2 or if x repres5ts any liv+ creature1 x repres5ts t creature "u "s di/ort$ & mon/r\s =m4 ,to all ! facts & =ms ( nature x wilfully & resolutely opposes itself2 x w n draw a man1 b an eight-arm$ mon/]2 x w n draw a fl[]1 b only a spiral or a zigzag4 ,x ?us indicates t ! p :o practise x are cut (f f all possible s\rces ( heal?y k or natural delight2 t !y h wilfully seal$ up & put aside ! entire volume ( ! _w1 & h got no?+ to read1 no?+ to dwell ^u1 b t imag9ation ( ! ?\ghts ( _! he>ts1 ( :i* we are told t x is only evil cont9ually4 ,ov] ! :ole spectacle ( creation !y h ?r[n a veil 9 :i* !re is no r5t4 ,= !m no /> peeps ?r\gh ! blanket ( ! d>k--= !m nei!r _! heav5 %9es nor _! m\nta9s rise--= !m ! fl[]s d n blossom-- = !m ! creatures ( field & =e/ d n live4 ,!y lie b\nd 9 ! dungeon ( _! own corruption1 encompass$ only by doleful phantoms1 or by spectral vacancy4 ,ne$ ,i rem9d y :at an exact rev]se ( ?is condition ( m9d1 z respects ! obs]vance ( nature1 is pres5t$ by ! p :om we h j be5 l$ to contemplate 9 contra/ ) ! ,indian race8 ,y w f9d ^u reflection1 t all ! highe/ po9ts ( ! ,scotti% "* are connect$ ) impressions d]iv$ /raight f ! natural sc5]y ( _! c\ntry4 ,no nation has ev] be=e %[n1 9 ! g5]al tone ( its language--9 ! g5]al curr5t ( its lit]ature--s con/ant a habit ( hall[+ its passions & confirm+ its pr9ciples by direct association ) ! *>m1 or p[]1 ( nature4 ,! writ+s ( ,scott & ,burns--& yet m1 ( ! f> great] poets ?an ,burns :o gave ,scotl& h] traditional ballads1--furni% y 9 e /anza--almo/ 9 e l9e--) examples ( ?is association ( natural sc5]y ) ! passions2 ,footnote3 ,! great poets ( ,scotl&1 l ! great poets ( all o!r c\ntries1 nev] write dissolutely1 ei!r 9 matt] or me?od2 b ) /]n & measur$ mean+ 9 e syllable4 ,"h's a bit ( fir/-rate "w = example3 ,twe$ said to ,till1 ',:at g>s ye r9 sae /ill8' ,till said to ,twe$1 ',?\gh ye r9 wi' spe$1 ,& ,i r9 slaw1 ,:> ye droon ae man1 ,i droon twa4' b an in/ance ( its f>!r connection ) moral pr9ciple /ruck me =cibly j at ! "t :5 ,i 0 mo/ lam5t+ ! abs5ce ( art among ! p4 ,9 "o ( ! lonelie/ di/ricts ( ,scotl&1 :]e ! peat cottages are d>ke/1 j at ! we/]n foot ( t great mass ( ! ,grampians :i* encircles ! s\rces ( ! ,spey & ! ,dee1 ! ma9 road :i* trav]ses ! *a9 w9ds r\nd ! foot ( a brok5 rock call$ ,crag1 or ,craig ,ella*ie4 ,!re is no?+ rem>kable 9 ei!r its height or =m2 x is d>k5$ ) a few scatt]$ p9es1 & t\*$ along its summit ) a flu% ( hea!r2 b x con/itutes a k9d ( headl&1 or lead+ promontory1 9 ! gr\p ( hills to :i* x belongs--a sort ( initial lett] ( ! m\nta9s2 & ?us /&s 9 ! m9d ( ! inhabitants ( ! di/rict1 ! ,clan ,grant1 = a type ( _! c\ntry1 & ( ! influ5ce ( t c\ntry ^u !mselves4 ,_! s5se ( ?is is beautifully indicat$ 9 ! w>-cry ( ! clan1 ,/& fa/1 ,craig ,ella*ie4 ,y may ?9k long ov] ^? few words )\t exhau/+ ! deep wells ( feel+ & ?\ght conta9$ 9 !m--! love ( ! native l&1 ! assurance ( _! fai?fulness to x2 ! subdu$ & g5tle ass]tion ( indomitable c\rage--,i may ne$ to be told to /&1 b1 if ,i d1 ,craig ,ella*ie does4 ,y c\ld n b h felt1 _h y pass$ b5ea? x at ! "t :5 s _m ( ,engl&'s de>e/ *ildr5 7 be+ def5d$ by ! /r5g? ( he>t ( m5 born at its foot1 h[ (t5 among ! delicate ,indian palaces1 ^: m>ble 0 pallid ) horror1 & ^: v]milion 0 d>k5$ ) blood1 ! remembrance ( its r\gh grey rocks & purple hea?s mu/ h ris5 be=e ! sight ( ! ,highl& soldi]2 h[ (t5 ! hail+ ( ! %ot & ! %riek ( battle w\ld pass away f 8 he>+1 & leave only ! :isp] ( ! old p9e bran*es--,/& fa/1 ,craig ,ella*ie6 ,y h1 9 ^! two nations1 se5 9 direct opposition ! effects on moral s5tim5t ( art )\t nature1 & ( nature )\t art4 ,& y see en\gh to ju/ify y 9 suspect+--:ile1 if y *oose to inve/igate ! subject m deeply & ) o!r examples1 y w f9d en\gh to ju/ify y 9 conclud+--t art1 foll[$ z su*1 & = its own sake1 irrespective ( ! int]pretation ( nature by x1 is de/ructive ( :atev] is be/ & noble/ 9 humanity2 b t nature1 h[ev] simply obs]v$1 or imp]fectly kn[n1 is1 9 ! degree ( ! affection felt = x1 protective & helpful to all t is noble/ 9 humanity4 ,y might !n conclude f>!r1 t art1 s f> z x 0 devot$ to ! record or ! int]pretation ( nature1 w\ld be helpful & ennobl+ also4 ,& y w\ld conclude ?is ) p]fect tru?4 ,let me repeat ! ass]tion di/9ctly & solemnly1 z ! fir/ t ,i am p]mitt$ to make 9 ?is build+1 devot$ 9 a way s new & s admirable to ! s]vice ( ! art-/ud5ts ( ,engl&--,:]ev] art is practis$ = its own sake1 & ! delight ( ! workman is 9 :at he does & produces1 in/ead ( :at he int]prets or exhibits1 --!re art has an influ5ce ( ! mo/ fatal k9d on bra9 & he>t1 & x issues1 if long s pursu$1 9 ! de/ruction bo? ( intellectual p[] & moral pr9cipal2 :]eas art1 devot$ humbly & self- =getfully to ! cle> /atem5t & record ( ! facts ( ! univ]se1 is always helpful & b5efic5t to mank9d1 full ( com=t1 /r5g?1 & salvation4 ,n[1 :5 y 7 once well assur$ ( ?is1 y might logically inf] ano!r ?+1 namely1 t :5 ,art 0 occupi$ 9 ! function 9 :i* %e 0 s]viceable1 %e w\ld h]self be /r5g!n$ by ! s]vice1 & :5 %e 0 do+ :at ,provid5ce )\t d\bt int5d$ h] to d1 %e w\ld ga9 9 vitality & dignity j z %e advanc$ 9 usefulness4 ,on ! o!r h&1 y might ga!r1 t :5 h] ag5cy 0 di/ort$ to ! deception or degradation ( mank9d1 %e w\ld h]self be equally misl$ & degrad$--t %e w\ld be *eck$ 9 advance1 or precipitat$ 9 decl9e4 ,& ?is is ! tru? also2 & hold+ ?is clue y w easily & ju/ly int]pret ! ph5om5a ( hi/ory4 ,s long z ,art is /eady 9 ! contemplation & exhibition ( natural facts1 s long %e h]self lives & gr[s2 & 9 h] own life & gr[? p>tly implies1 p>tly secures1 t ( ! nation 9 ! mid/ ( :i* %e is practis$4 ,b a "t has always hi!rto come1 9 :i*1 hav+ ?us rea*$ a s+ul> p]fection1 %e beg9s to contemplate t p]fection1 & to imitate x1 & d$uce rules & =ms f x2 & ?us to =get h] duty & m9i/ry z ! int]pret] & discov]] ( ,tru?4 ,& 9 ! v in/ant :5 ?is div]sion ( h] purpose & =getfulness ( h] function take place--=getfulness g5]ally co9cid5t ) h] app>5t p]fection--9 t in/ant1 ,i say1 beg9s h] actual cata/rophe2 & by h] own fall--s f> z %e has influ5ce--%e accel]ates ! ru9 ( ! nation by :i* %e is practis$4 ,! /udy1 h[ev]1 ( ! effect ( art on ! m9d ( nations is "o r = ! hi/orian ?an = u2 at all ev5ts x is "o = ! discussion ( :i* we h no m "t ?is ev5+4 ,b ,i w ask y\r pati5ce ) me :ile ,i try to illu/rate1 9 "s fur!r p>ticul>s1 ! dep5d5ce ( ! heal?y /ate & p[] ( art itself ^u ! ex]cise ( its appo9t$ function 9 ! int]pretation ( fact4 ,y obs]ve t ,i always say int]pretation1 nev] imitation4 ,my reason = s do+ is1 fir/1 t good art r>ely imitates2 x usually only describes or expla9s4 ,b my second & *ief reason is t good art always consi/s ( two ?+s3 ,fir/1 ! obs]vation ( fact2 secondly1 ! manife/+ ( human design & au?ority 9 ! way t fact is told4 ,great & good art mu/ unite ! two2 x _c exi/ = a mom5t b 9 _! unity2 x consi/s ( ! two z ess5tially z wat] consi/s ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 or m>ble ( lime & c>bonic acid4 ,let u inquire a little into ! nature ( ea* ( ! elem5ts4 ,! fir/ elem5t1 we say1 is ! love ( ,nature1 lead+ to ! ef=t to obs]ve & report h] truly4 ,& ?is is ! fir/ & lead+ elem5t4 ,review = y\rselves ! hi/ory ( art1 & y w f9d ?is to be a manife/ c]ta9ty1 t no great s*ool ev] yet exi/$ :i* _h n = primal aim ! repres5tation ( "s natural fact z truly z possible4 ,!re h only yet appe>$ 9 ! _w ?ree s*ools ( p]fect art--s*ools1 t is to say1 t did _! "w z well z x seems possible to d x4 ,^! are ! ,a!nian1 ,footnote3 ,see bel[1 ! f>!r notice ( ! real _s ( ,greek "w1 9 ! address at ,brad=d4 ,flor5t9e1 & ,v5etian4 ,! ,a!nian propos$ to itself ! p]fect repres5tation ( ! =m ( ! human body4 ,x /rove to d t z well z x c\ld2 x did t z well z x c be done2 & all its greatness 0 f\nd$ ^u & involv$ 9 t s+le & hone/ ef=t4 ,! ,flor5t9e s*ool propos$ to itself ! p]fect expression ( human emotion--! %[+ ( ! effects ( passion 9 ! human face & ge/ure4 ,i call ?is ! ,flor5t9e s*ool1 because1 :e!r y take ,raphael = ! culm9at+ ma/] ( expressional art 9 ,italy1 or ,leon>do1 or ,mi*ael ,angelo1 y w f9d t ! :ole en]gy ( ! national ef=t :i* produc$ ^? ma/]s _h its root 9 ,flor5ce2 n at ,urb9o or ,milan4 ,i say1 !n1 ?is ,flor5t9e or lead+ ,italian s*ool propos$ to itself human expression = its aim 9 natural tru?2 x /rove to d t z well z x c\ld--did x z well z x c be done--& all its greatness is root$ 9 t s+le & hone/ ef=t4 ,?irdly1 ! ,v5etian s*ool propose ! repres5tation ( ! effect ( col\r & %ade on all ?+s2 *iefly on ! human =m4 ,x tri$ to d t z well z x c\ld--did x z well z x c be done--& all its greatness is f\nd$ on t s+le & hone/ ef=t4 ,pray1 d n leave ?is room )\t a p]fectly cle> hold+ ( ^! ?ree ideas4 ,y may try !m1 & toss !m ab\t aft]w>ds1 z mu* z y l1 to see if !y'll be> %ak+2 b d let me put !m well & pla9ly into y\r possession4 ,atta* !m to ?ree works ( art :i* y all h ei!r se5 or cont9ually he>d (4 ,!re's ! 7s-call$7 ,!seus ( ! ,elg9 m>bles4 ,t repres5ts ! :ole end & aim ( ! ,a!nian s*ool--! natural =m ( ! human body4 ,all _! conv5tional ar*itecture--_! graceful %ap+ & pa9t+ ( pott]y--:atsoev] o!r art !y practis$--0 dep5d5t = its greatness on ?is %eet-an*or ( c5tral aim3 true %ape ( liv+ man4 ,!n take1 = y\r type ( ! ,italian s*ool1 ,raphael's ,disputa del ,sacram5to2 t w be an accept$ type by ev]ybody1 & w involve no possibly que/ionable po9ts3 ! ,g]mans w admit x2 ! ,engli% academicians w admit x2 & ! ,engli% puri/s & pre-,raphaelites w admit x4 ,well1 !re y h ! tru? ( human expression propos$ z an aim4 ,t is ! way p look :5 !y feel ?is or t--:5 !y h ?is or t o!r m5tal "*3 are !y devotional1 ?\ghtful1 affectionate1 indignant1 or inspir$8 are !y prophets1 sa9ts1 prie/s1 or k+s8 !n--:atsoev] is truly ?\ghtful1 affectionate1 prophetic1 prie/ly1 k+ly--t ! ,flor5t9e s*ool tri$ to disc]n1 & %[2 t !y h disc]n$ & %[n2 & all _! greatness is fir/ fa/5$ 9 _! aim at ?is c5tral tru?--! op5 expression ( ! liv+ human s\l4 ,la/ly1 take ,v]onese's ,m>riage 9 ,cana 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,!re y h ! mo/ p]fect repres5tation possible ( col\r1 & light1 & %ade1 z !y affect ! ext]nal aspect ( ! human =m1 & its imm$iate accessories1 ar*itecture1 furniture1 & dress4 ,?is ext]nal aspect ( noble/ nature 0 ! fir/ aim ( ! ,v5etians1 & all _! greatness dep5d$ on _! resolution to a*ieve1 & _! pati5ce 9 a*iev+ x4 ,"h1 !n1 are ! ?ree greate/ s*ools ( ! =m] _w exemplifi$ = y 9 ?ree well-kn[n works4 ,! ,phidian ,!seus repres5ts ! ,greek s*ool pursu+ tru? ( =m2 ! ,disputa ( ,raphael1 ! ,flor5t9e s*ool pursu+ tru? ( m5tal expression2 ! ,m>riage 9 ,cana1 ! ,v5etian s*ool pursu+ tru? ( col\r & light4 ,b d n suppose t ! law :i* ,i am /at+ to y--! great law ( art-life--c only be se5 9 ^!1 ! mo/ p[]ful ( all art s*ools4 ,x is j z manife/ 9 ea* & e s*ool t ev] has _h life 9 x at all4 ,:]esoev] ! se>* aft] tru? beg9s1 !re life beg9s2 :]esoev] t se>* ceases1 !re life ceases4 ,z long z a s*ool ( art holds any *a9 ( natural facts1 try+ to discov] m ( !m & express !m bett] daily1 x may play hi!r & ?i!r z x likes on ?is side ( ! *a9 or t2 x may design grotesques & conv5tionalisms1 build ! simple/ build+s1 s]ve ! mo/ practical utilities1 yet all x does w be glori\sly design$ & glori\sly done2 b let x once quit hold ( ! *a9 ( natural fact1 cease to pursue t z ! clue to its "w2 let x propose to itself any o!r end ?an prea*+ ?is liv+ ^w1 & ?9k fir/ ( %[+ its own skill or its own fancy1 & f t h\r its fall is precipitate--its de/ruction sure2 no?+ t x does or designs w ev] h life or lovel9ess 9 x m2 its h\r has come1 & !re is no "w1 nor device1 nor k1 nor wisdom 9 ! grave :i!r x goe?4 ,let u take = example t s*ool ( art ov] :i* _m ( y w\ld p]haps ?9k ?is law _h b little p[]--! s*ool ( ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,_m ( u may h be5 9 ! habit ( ?9k+ ( t s*ool r z ( "o ( =ms ?an ( facts--a s*ool ( p9nacles1 & buttresses1 & conv5tional m\ld+s1 & disguise ( nature by mon/r\s imag9+s--n a s*ool ( tru? at all4 ,i ?9k ,i %all be able1 ev5 9 ! little "t we h to-night1 to %[ t ?is is n s2 & t our great law holds j z good at ,ami5s & ,salisbury1 z x does at ,a!ns & ,flor5ce4 ,i w g back !n fir/ to ! v beg9n+s ( ,go?ic art1 & be=e y1 ! /ud5ts ( ,k5s+ton1 z an impanell$ jury1 ,i w br+ two examples ( ! b>b>ism out ( :i* ,go?ic art em]ges1 approximately contempor>y 9 date & p>allel 9 executive skill2 b1 ! "o1 a b>b>ism t did n get on1 & c\ld n get on2 ! o!r1 a b>b>ism t c\ld get on1 & did get on2 & y1 ! impanell$ jury1 %all judge :at is ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! two b>b>isms1 & decide = y\rselves :at is ! se$ ( life 9 ! "o1 & ! sign ( dea? 9 ! o!r4 ,! fir/1--t :i* has 9 x ! sign ( dea?1--furni%es u at ! same "t ) an illu/ration f> too int]e/+ to be pass$ by1 ( c]ta9 pr9ciples mu* dep5d$ on by our common mod]n design]s4 ,tak+ up "o ( our ar*itectural publications ! o!r day1 & op5+ x at r&om1 ,i *anc$ ^u ?is piece ( in=mation1 put 9 r curi\s ,engli%2 b y %all h x z x /&s-- ,ari/otle ass]ts1 t ! greate/ species ( ! beautiful are ,ord]1 ,symmetry1 & ! ,def9ite4 ,i %\ld tell y1 h[ev]1 t ?is /atem5t is n giv5 z au?oritative2 x is "o example ( v>i\s ,ar*itectural tea*+s1 giv5 9 a report 9 ! ,build+ ,*ronicle = ,may1 #aheg1 ( a lecture on ,proportion2 9 :i* ! only ?+ ! lectur] appe>s to h prov$ 0 t1-- ,! sy/em ( divid+ ! diamet] ( ! %aft ( a column into p>ts = copy+ ! anci5t ar*itectural rema9s ( ,greece & ,rome1 adopt$ by ar*itects f ,vitruvius 7circa ,b4,c4 #be7 to ! pres5t p]iod1 z a me?od = produc+ anci5t ar*itecture1 is entirely useless1 = ! sev]al p>ts ( ,grecian ar*itecture _c be r$uc$ or subdivid$ by ?is sy/em2 nei!r does x apply to ! ar*itecture ( ,rome4 ,/ill1 z f> z ,i c make x out1 ! lecture appe>s to h be5 "o ( ^? ( :i* y w j at pres5t he> s _m1 ! prote/s ( ar*itects :o h no k ( sculpture--or ( any o!r mode ( express+ natural beauty--aga9/ natural beauty2 & _! endeav\r to sub/itute ma!matical proportions = ! k ( life !y d n possess1 & ! repres5tation ( life ( :i* !y are incapable4,illu/ration ,n[1 ?is sub/itution ( ob$i5ce to ma!matical law = sympa?y ) obs]v$ life1 is ! fir/ *>act]i/ic ( ! hopeless "w ( all ages2 z su*1 y w f9d x em95tly manife/$ 9 ! specim5 ,i h to give y ( ! hopeless ,go?ic b>b>ism2 ! b>b>ism f :i* no?+ c\ld em]ge--= :i* no future 0 possible b ext9ction4 ,! ,ari/otelian pr9ciples ( ! ,beautiful are1 y rememb]1 ,ord]1 ,symmetry1 & ! ,def9ite4 ,"h y h ! ?ree1 9 p]fection1 appli$ to ! ideal ( an angel1 9 a psalt] ( ! eigh? c5tury1 exi/+ 9 ! libr>y ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4,footnote3 ,i copy ?is woodcut f ,we/wood's ,palaeographia ,sacra4 ,n[1 y see ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is utt]ly dead s*ool are1 fir/ ! wilful clos+ ( its eyes to natural facts2--=1 h[ev] ignorant a p]son may be1 he ne$ only look at a human be+ to see t x has a m\? z well z eyes2 & secondly1 ! endeav\r to adorn or idealize natural fact accord+ to its own notions3 x puts r$ spots 9 ! middle ( ! h&s1 & %>p5s ! ?umbs1 ?9k+ to improve !m4 ,"h y h ! mo/ pure type possible ( ! pr9ciples ( idealism 9 all ages3 :5ev] p don't look at ,nature1 !y always ?9k !y c improve h]4 ,y w also admire1 d\btless1 ! exquisite result ( ! application ( our great mod]n ar*itectural pr9ciple ( beauty--symmetry1 or equal balance ( "p by "p2 y see ev5 ! eyes are made symmetrical--entirely r\nd1 in/ead ( irregul>1 oval2 & ! iris is set prop]ly 9 ! middle1 in/ead (--z nature has absurdly put x--r "u ! upp] lid4 ,y w also obs]ve ! pr9ciple ( ! pyramid 9 ! g5]al arrangem5t ( ! figure1 & ! value ( s]ies 9 ! plac+ ( dots4 ,f ?is dead b>b>ism we pass to liv+ b>b>ism--to "w done by h&s q z rude1 if n rud]1 & by m9ds z un9=m$2 & yet "w :i* 9 e l9e ( x is prophetic ( p[]1 & has 9 x ! sure dawn ( day4 ,y h (t5 he>d x said t ,giotto 0 ! f\nd] ( art 9 ,italy4 ,he 0 n3 nei!r he1 nor ,giunta ,pisano1 nor ,niccolo ,pisano4 ,!y all laid /rong h&s to ! "w1 & br\ght x fir/ into aspect above gr\nd2 b ! f\ndation _h be5 laid = !m by ! build]s ( ! ,lomb>dic *ur*es 9 ! valleys ( ! ,adda & ! ,arno4 ,x is 9 ! sculpture ( ! r\nd ar*$ *ur*es ( ,nor? ,italy1 be>+ disputable dates1 rang+ f ! eigh? to ! twelf? c5tury1 t y w f9d ! l[e/ /ruck roots ( ! art ( ,titian & ,raphael4 ,footnote3 ,i h said else:]e1 ! root ( all art is /ruck 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,?is is q true3 b ( c\rse "s ( ! smalle/ fibres run l[]1 z 9 ?is in/ance4 ,i g1 !re=e1 to ! *ur* :i* is c]ta9ly ! e>lie/ ( ^!1 ,/4 ,ambrogio1 ( ,milan1 said /ill to reta9 "s portions ( ! actual /ructure f :i* ,/4 ,ambrose exclud$ ,!odosius1 & at all ev5ts furni%+ ! mo/ ar*aic examples ( ,lomb>dic sculpture 9 ,nor? ,italy4 ,i d n v5ture to guess _! date2 !y are b>b>\s en\gh = any date4 ,we f9d ! pulpit ( ?is *ur* cov]$ ) int]lac+ patt]ns1 closely resembl+ ^? ( ! manuscript at ,cambridge1 b among !m is figure sculpture ( a v diff]5t k9d4 ,x is wr\ght ) m]e incisions 9 ! /one1 ( :i* ! effect may be tol]ably giv5 by s+le l9es 9 a draw+4 ,rememb]1 !re=e1 = a mom5t--z *>act]i/ic ( culm9at+ ,italian art--,mi*ael ,angelo's fresco ( ! ,temptation ( ,eve1 9 ! ,si/9e *apel1 & y w be m int]e/$ 9 see+ ! bir? ( ,italian art1 illu/rat$ by ! same subject1 f ,/4 ,ambrogio1 ( ,milan1 ! ,s]p5t beguil+ ,eve4 ,footnote3 ,?is cut is rud] ?an x %\ld be3 ! incisions 9 ! m>ble h a light] effect ?an ^! r\gh black l9es2 b x is n wor? :ile to d x bett]4 ,yet1 9 t sket*1 rude & ludicr\s z x is1 y h ! elem5ts ( life 9 _! fir/ =m4 ,! p :o c\ld d t 7 sure to get on4 ,=1 obs]ve1 ! workman's :ole aim is /raight at ! facts1 z well z he c get !m2 & n m]ely at ! facts1 b at ! v he>t ( ! facts4 ,a common workman might h look$ at nature = 8 s]p5t1 b he w\ld h ?\ght only ( its scales4 ,b ?is fell[ does n want scales1 nor coils2 he c d )\t !m2 he wants ! s]p5t's he>t--malice & ins9uation2--& he has actually got !m to "s ext5t4 ,s also a common workman1 ev5 9 ?is b>b>\s /age ( art1 might h c>v$ ,eve's arms & body a good deal bett]2 b ?is man does n c>e ab\t arms & body1 if he c only get at ,eve's m9d--%[ t %e is pleas$ at be+ flatt]$1 & yet 9 a /ate ( uncom=table hesitation4 ,& "s look ( li/5+1 ( complac5cy1 & ( emb>rassm5t he has v]ily got3-- note ! eyes slightly askance1 ! lips compress$1 & ! "r h& n]v\sly grasp+ ! left arm3 no?+ c be decl>$ impossible to ! p :o c\ld beg9 ?us--! _w is op5 to !m1 & all t is 9 x2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 no?+ is possible to ! man :o did ! symmetrical angel--! _w is keyless to him2 he has built a cell = himself 9 :i* he mu/ abide1 b>r$ up = ev]-- !re is no m hope = him ?an = a sponge or a madrepore4 ,i %all n trace f ?is embryo ! progress ( ,go?ic art 9 ,italy1 because x is mu* complicat$ & involv$ ) traditions ( o!r s*ools1 & because mo/ ( ! /ud5ts w be less famili> ) its results ?an ) _! own nor!rn build+s4 ,s1 ^! two designs indicat+ ,dea? & ,life 9 ! beg9n+s ( m$iaeval art1 we w take an example ( ! progress ( t art f our nor!rn "w4 ,n[1 _m ( y1 d\btless1 h be5 int]e/$ by ! mass1 gr&eur1 & gloom ( ,norman ar*itecture1 z mu* z by ,go?ic trac]ies2 & :5 y he> me say t ! root ( all good "w lies 9 natural facts1 y d\btless ?9k in/antly ( y\r r\nd ar*es1 ) _! rude cu%ion capitals1 & ( ! billet or zigzag "w by :i* !y are surr\nd$1 & y _c see :at ! k ( nature has to d ) ei!r ! simple plan or ! rude m\ld+s4 ,b all ^? simple conditions ( ,norman art are m]ely ! expir+ ( x t[>ds ! extreme nor?4 ,d n /udy ,norman ar*itecture 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 b 9 ,norm&y1 & !n y w f9d t x is j a peculi>ly manly1 & practically useful1 =m ( ! :ole great ,fr5* s*ool ( r\nd$ ar*itecture4 ,& :]e has t ,fr5* s*ool its orig98 ,:olly 9 ! ri* conditions ( sculpture1 :i*1 ris+ fir/ out ( imitations ( ! ,roman bas-reliefs1 cov]$ all ! faades ( ! ,fr5* e>ly *ur*es ) "o cont9u\s arabesque ( floral or animal life4 ,if y want to /udy r\nd-ar*$ build+s1 d n g to ,durham1 b g to ,poicti]s1 & !re y w see h[ all ! simple decorations :i* give y s mu* pleasure ev5 9 _! isolat$ application 7 inv5t$ by p]sons practis$ 9 c>v+ m51 mon/]s1 wild animals1 birds1 & fl[]s1 9 ov]:elm+ r$undance2 & !n trace ?is ar*itecture =w>d 9 c5tral ,france1 & y w f9d x loses no?+ ( its ri*ness--x only ga9s 9 tru?1 & !re=e 9 grace1 until j at ! mom5t ( transition into ! po9t$ /yle1 y h ! consummate type ( ! sculpture ( ! s*ool giv5 y 9 ! we/ front ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,*>tres4 ,f t front ,i h *os5 two fragm5ts to illu/rate x4 ,footnote3 ,?is "p ( ! lecture 0 illu/rat$ by two draw+s1 made admirably by ,mr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,la+1 ) ! help ( photographs f /atues at ,*>tres4 ,! draw+s may be se5 at pres5t at ! ,k5s+ton ,museum3 b any l>ge photograph ( ! we/ front ( ,*>tres w enable ! read] to foll[ :at is /at$ 9 ! lecture1 z f> z is ne$ful4 ,^! /atues h be5 long1 & ju/ly1 consid]$ z repres5tative ( ! highe/ skill ( ! twelf? or e>lie/ "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury 9 ,france2 & !y inde$ possess a dignity & delicate *>m1 :i* are = ! mo/ "p want+ 9 lat] works4 ,x is ow+ p>tly to real nobl5ess ( feature1 b *iefly to ! grace1 m+l$ ) sev]ity1 ( ! fall+ l9es ( excessively ?9 drap]y2 z well z to a mo/ /udi$ f9i% 9 composition1 e "p ( ! ornam5tation t5d]ly h>moniz+ ) ! re/4 ,s f> z _! p[] ov] c]ta9 tones ( religi\s m9d is ow+ to a palpable degree ( non-naturalism 9 !m1 ,i d n praise x--! exagg]at$ ?9ness ( body & /iffness ( attitude are faults2 b !y are noble faults1 & give ! /atues a /range look ( =m+ "p ( ! v build+ itself1 & su/a9+ x--n l ! ,greek c>yatid1 )\t ef=t--nor l ! ,r5aissance c>yatid1 by pa9ful or impossible ef=t--b z if all t 0 sil5t & /]n1 & )drawn ap>t1 & /iff5$ 9 *ill ( he>t aga9/ ! t]ror ( e>?1 _h pass$ into a %ape ( et]nal m>ble2 & ?us ! ,gho/ _h giv51 to be> up ! pill>s ( ! *ur* on e>?1 all ! pati5t & expectant nature t x ne$$ no m 9 heav54 ,?is is ! transc5d5tal view ( ! mean+ ( ^? sculptures4 ,i d n dwell ^u x4 ,:at ,i d lean ^u is _! purely naturali/ic & vital p[]4 ,!y are all portraits--unkn[n1 mo/ ( !m1 ,i believe1 --b palpably & unmi/akeably portraits1 if n tak5 f ! actual p]son = :om ! /atue /&s1 at all ev5ts /udi$ f "s liv+ p]son ^: features might fairly repres5t ^? ( ! k+ or sa9t int5d$4 ,sev]al ( !m ,i suppose to be au!ntic3 !re is "o ( a que51 :o has evid5tly1 :ile %e liv$1 be5 notable = h] bright black eyes4 ,! sculptor has cut ! iris deep into ! /one1 & h] d>k eyes are /ill sugge/$ ) h] smile4 ,!re is ano!r ?+ ,i wi% y to notice specially 9 ^! /atues --! way 9 :i* ! floral m\ld+ is associat$ ) ! v]tical l9es ( ! figure4 ,y h ?us ! utmo/ complexity & ri*ness ( curvature set side by side ) ! pure & delicate p>allel l9es1 & bo? ! *>act]s ga9 9 int]e/ & beauty2 b !re is deep] significance 9 ! ?+ ?an t ( m]e effect 9 composition2 significance n int5d$ on ! "p ( ! sculptor1 b all ! m valuable because un9t5tional4 ,i mean ! close association ( ! beauty ( l[] nature 9 animals & fl[]s1 ) ! beauty ( high] nature 9 human =m4 ,y nev] get ?is 9 ,greek "w4 ,greek /atues are always isolat$2 blank fields ( /one1 or dep?s ( %ad[1 reliev+ ! =m ( ! /atue1 z ! _w ( l[] nature :i* !y despis$ retir$ 9 d>kness f _! he>ts4 ,"h1 ! clo!d figure seems ! type ( ! ,*ri/ian _s--9 _m respects feebl] & m contract$--b pur]2 clo!d 9 its :ite robes & cr[n1 & ) ! ri*es ( all creation at its side4 ,! next /ep 9 ! *ange w be set be=e y 9 a mom5t1 m]ely by comp>+ ?is /atue f ! we/ front ( ,*>tres ) t ( ! ,madonna1 f ! s\? transept door ( ,ami5s4 ,footnote3 ,!re are _m photographs ( ?is door & ( its c5tral /atue4 ,its sculpture 9 ! tympanum is f>!r describ$ 9 ! ,f\r? ,lecture4 ,?is ,madonna1 ) ! sculpture r\nd h]1 repres5ts ! culm9at+ p[] ( ,go?ic art 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,sculpture has be5 ga9+ cont9ually 9 ! int]val2 ga9+1 simply because becom+ e day m tru?ful1 m t5d]1 & m sugge/ive4 ,by ! way1 ! old ,d\glas motto1 ,t5d] & true1 may wisely be tak5 up aga9 by all ( u1 = our own1 9 art no less ?an 9 o!r ?+s4 ,dep5d ^u x1 ! fir/ univ]sal *>act]i/ic ( all great art is ,t5d]ness1 z ! second is ,tru?4 ,i f9d ?is m & m e day3 an inf9itude ( t5d]ness is ! *ief gift & inh]itance ( all ! truly great m54 ,x is sure to involve a relative int5sity ( disda9 t[>ds base ?+s1 & an appe>ance ( /]nness & arrogance 9 ! eyes ( all h>d1 /upid1 & vulg> p--q t]rific to su*1 if !y are capable ( t]ror1 & hateful to !m1 if !y are capable ( no?+ high] ?an hatr$4 ,dante's is ! great type ( ?is class ( m9d4 ,i say ! fir/ inh]itance is ,t5d]ness-- ! second ,tru?1 because ! ,t5d]ness is 9 ! make ( ! creature1 ! ,tru? 9 8 acquir$ habits & k2 besides1 ! love comes fir/ 9 dignity z well z 9 "t1 & t is always pure & complete3 ! tru?1 at be/1 imp]fect4 ,to come back to our /atue4 ,y w obs]ve t ! arrangem5t ( ?is sculpture is exactly ! same z at ,*>tres--sev]e fall+ drap]y1 set (f by ri* floral ornam5t at ! side2 b ! /atue is n[ completely animat$3 x is no long] fix$ z an upright pill>1 b b5ds aside out ( its ni*e1 & ! floral ornam5t1 in/ead ( be+ a conv5tional wrea?1 is ( exquisitely arrang$ haw?orn4 ,! "w1 h[ev]1 z a :ole1 ?\gh p]fectly *>act]i/ic ( ! advance ( ! age 9 /yle & purpose1 is 9 "s subtl] qualities inf]ior to t ( ,*>tres4 ,! individual sculptor1 ?\gh tra9$ 9 a m advanc$ s*ool1 has be5 himself a man ( inf]ior ord] ( m9d comp>$ to ! "o :o work$ at ,*>tres4 ,b ,i h n "t to po9t out to y ! subtl] *>act]s by :i* ,i "k ?is4 ,?is /atue1 !n1 m>ks ! culm9at+ po9t ( ,go?ic art1 because1 up to ?is "t1 ! eyes ( its design]s _h be5 /eadily fix$ on natural tru?--!y _h be5 advanc+ f fl[] to fl[]1 f =m to =m1 f face to face1--ga9+ p]petually 9 k & v]acity--!re=e1 p]petually 9 p[] & 9 grace4 ,b at ?is po9t a fatal *ange came ov] _! aim4 ,f ! /atue !y n[ began to turn ! att5tion *iefly to ! ni*e ( ! /atue1 & f ! floral ornam5t to ! m\ld+s t enclos$ ! floral ornam5t4 ,! fir/ result ( ?is 01 h[ev]1 ?\gh n ! gr&e/1 yet ! mo/ f9i%$ ( nor!rn g5ius4 ,y h1 9 ! e>li] ,go?ic1 less wond]ful con/ruction1 less c>eful masonry1 f> less expression ( h>mony ( p>ts 9 ! balance ( ! build+4 ,e>li] "w always has m or less ( ! "* ( a good solid wall ) irregul> holes 9 x1 well c>v$ :]ev] !re is room4 ,b ! la/ phase ( good ,go?ic has no room to sp>e2 x rises z high z x c on n>r[e/ f\ndation1 /&s 9 p]fect /r5g? ) ! lea/ possible sub/ance 9 its b>s2 connects ni*e ) ni*e1 & l9e ) l9e1 9 an exquisite h>mony1 f :i* no /one c be remov$1 & to :i* y c add n a p9nacle2 & yet introduces 9 ri*1 ?\gh n[ m calculat$ pr(usion1 ! liv+ elem5t ( its sculpture3 sculpture 9 ! quatrefoils--sculpture 9 ! brackets-- sculpture 9 ! g>goyles--sculpture 9 ! ni*es--sculpture 9 ! ridges & holl[s ( its m\ld+s1--n a %ad[ )\t mean+1 & n a light )\t life4 ,footnote3 ,! two transepts ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral illu/rate ?is /yle4 ,!re are pl5ty ( photographs ( !m4 ,i take ?is opportunity ( repeat+ :at ,i h sev]al times be=e /at$1 = ! sake ( travell]s1 t ,/4 ,ou51 impressive z x is1 is entirely inf]ior to ! transepts ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral4 ,b ) ?is v p]fection ( 8 "w came ! unhappy pride ( ! build] 9 :at he _h done4 ,z long z he _h be5 m]ely rais+ clumsy walls & c>v+ !m l a *ild1 9 wayw>dness ( fancy1 8 delight 0 9 ! ?+s he ?\ght ( z he c>v$2 b :5 he _h once rea*$ ?is pit* ( con/ructive sci5ce1 he began to ?9k only h[ clev]ly he c\ld put ! /ones toge!r4 ,! "q 0 n n[ ) him1 ,:at c ,i repres5t8 b1 ,h[ high c ,i build--h[ wond]fully c ,i hang ?is ar* 9 air1 or weave ?is trac]y across ! cl\ds8 ,& ! cata/rophe 0 in/ant & irrevocable4 ,ar*itecture became 9 ,france a m]e web ( wav+ l9es1--9 ,engl& a m]e grat+ ( p]p5dicul> ones4 ,r$undance 0 sub/itut$ = inv5tion1 & geometry = passion2 ?o ,go?ic art became a m]e expression ( wanton exp5diture1 & vulg> ma!matics2 & 0 swept away1 z x !n des]v$ to be swept away1 by ! sev]] pride1 & pur] le>n+1 ( ! s*ools f\nd$ on classical traditions4 ,y _c n[ fail to see1 h[1 ?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( ?is wond]ful art--f its e>lie/ dawn 9 ,lomb>dy to its la/ cata/rophe 9 ,france & ,engl&--sculpture1 f\nd$ on love ( nature1 0 ! talisman ( its exi/5ce2 :]ev] sculpture 0 practis$1 ar*itecture arose--:]ev] t 0 neglect$1 ar*itecture expir$2 &1 believe me1 all y /ud5ts :o love ?is m$iaeval art1 !re is no hope ( y\r ev] do+ any good ) x1 b on ?is ev]la/+ pr9ciple4 ,y\r patriotic associations ) x are ( no use2 y\r romantic associations ) x--ei!r ( *ivalry or religion--are ( no use2 !y are worse ?an useless1 !y are false4 ,go?ic is n an art = knights & nobles2 x is an art = ! p3 x is n an art = *ur*es or sanctu>ies2 x is an art = h\ses & homes3 x is n an art = ,engl& only1 b an art = ! _w3 above all1 x is n an art ( =m or tradition only1 b an art ( vital practice & p]petual r5ewal4 ,& :osoev] pleads = x z an anci5t or a =mal ?+1 & tries to tea* x y z an ecclesia/ical tradition or a geometrical sci5ce1 kn[s no?+ ( its ess5ce1 less ?an no?+ ( its p[]4 ,leave1 !re=e1 boldly1 ?\gh n irrev]5tly1 my/icism & symbolism on ! "o side2 ca/ away ) utt] scorn geometry & legalism on ! o!r2 seize hold ( ,god's h& & look full 9 ! face ( ,8 creation1 & !re is no?+ ,he w n enable y to a*ieve4 ,?us1 !n1 y w f9d--& ! m pr(\nd & accurate y\r k ( ! hi/ory ( art ! m assur$ly y w f9d--t ! liv+ p[] 9 all ! real s*ools1 be !y great or small1 is love ( nature4 ,b d n mi/ake me by suppos+ t ,i mean ?is law to be all t is necess>y to =m a s*ool4 ,!re ne$s to be mu* sup]add$ to x1 ?\gh !re nev] mu/ be any?+ sup]s$+ x4 ,! ma9 ?+ :i* ne$s to be sup]add$ is ! gift ( design4 ,x is always dang]\s1 & liable to dim9i% ! cle>ness ( impression1 to g ov] mu* gr\nd 9 ! c\rse ( "o lecture4 ,b ,i d>e n pres5t y ) a maim$ view ( ?is important subject3 ,i d>e n put (f to ano!r "t1 :5 ! same p]sons w\ld n be aga9 assembl$1 ! /atem5t ( ! great collat]al necessity :i*1 z well z ! necessity ( tru?1 gov]ns all noble art4 ,t collat]al necessity is ! visible op]ation ( human intellect 9 ! pres5tation ( tru?1 ! evid5ce ( :at is prop]ly call$ design or plan 9 ! "w1 no less ?an ( v]acity4 ,a look+-glass does n design--x receives & communicates indiscrim9ately all t passes be=e x2 a pa9t] designs :5 he *ooses "s ?+s1 refuses o!rs1 & arranges all4 ,?is selection & arrangem5t mu/ h influ5ce ov] ev]y?+ t ! art is conc]n$ )1 great or small--ov] l9es1 ov] col\rs1 & ov] ideas4 ,giv5 a c]ta9 gr\p ( col\rs1 by add+ ano!r col\r at ! side ( !m1 y w ei!r improve ! gr\p & r5d] x m delightful1 or injure x1 & r5d] x discordant & un9telligible4 ,design is ! *oos+ & plac+ ! col\r s z to help & enhance all ! o!r col\rs x is set beside4 ,s ( ?\ghts3 9 a good composition1 e idea is pres5t$ 9 j t ord]1 & ) j t =ce1 :i* w p]fectly connect x ) all ! o!r ?\ghts 9 ! "w1 & w illu/rate ! o!rs z well z receive illu/ration f !m2 s t ! entire *a9 ( ?\ghts (f]$ to ! behold]'s m9d %all be receiv$ by him ) z mu* delight & ) z little ef=t z is possible4 ,& ?us y see design1 prop]ly s call$1 is human inv5tion1 consult+ human capacity4 ,out ( ! inf9ite heap ( ?+s ar\nd u 9 ! _w1 x *ooses a c]ta9 numb] :i* x c ?or\ghly grasp1 & pres5ts ?is gr\p to ! spectator 9 ! =m be/ calculat$ to enable him to grasp x also1 & to grasp x ) delight4 ,& accord+ly1 ! capacities ( bo? ga!r] & receiv] be+ limit$1 ! object is to make ev]y?+ t y (f] helpful & preci\s4 ,if y give "o gra9 ( weight too mu*1 s z to increase fatigue )\t pr(it1 or bulk )\t value--t add$ gra9 is hurtful2 if y put "o spot or "o syllable out ( its prop] place1 t spot or syllable w be de/ructive--h[ f> de/ructive x is almo/ impossible to tell3 a misplac$ t\* may sometimes annihilate ! lab\r ( h\rs4 ,nor are any ( u prep>$ to und]/& ! "w ( any great ma/]1 till we feel ?is1 & feel x z di/9ctly z we d ! value ( arrangem5t 9 ! notes ( music4 ,take any noble musical air1 & y f9d1 on exam9+ x1 t n "o ev5 ( ! fa9te/ or %orte/ notes c be remov$ )\t de/ruction to ! :ole passage 9 :i* x occurs2 & t e note 9 ! passage is tw5ty times m beautiful s introduc$1 ?an x w\ld h be5 if play$ s+ly on ! in/rum5t4 ,precisely ?is degree ( arrangem5t & relation mu/ exi/ betwe5 e t\* ,footnote3 ,lit]ally4 ,i "k h[ exagg]at$ ?is /atem5t s\nds2 b ,i mean x1--e syllable ( x4--,see ,app5dix ,,iv4 & l9e 9 a great picture4 ,y may consid] ! :ole z a prolong$ musical composition3 its p>ts1 z sep>ate airs connect$ 9 ! /ory2 its little bits & fragm5ts ( col\r & l9e1 z sep>ate passages or b>s 9 melodies2 & d[n to ! m9ute/ note ( ! :ole--d[n to ! m9ute/ t\*1--if !re is "o t c be sp>$--t "o is do+ mis*ief4 ,rememb] !re=e always1 y h two *>act]s 9 :i* all greatness ( art consi/s3--,fir/1 ! e>ne/ & int5se seiz+ ( natural facts2 !n ! ord]+ ^? facts by /r5g? ( human intellect1 s z to make !m1 = all :o look ^u !m1 to ! utmo/ s]viceable1 memorable1 & beautiful4 ,& ?us great art is no?+ else ?an ! type ( /rong & noble life2 =1 z ! ignoble p]son1 9 8 deal+s ) all t occurs 9 ! _w ab\t him1 fir/ sees no?+ cle>ly1--looks no?+ fairly 9 ! face1 & !n all[s himself to be swept away by ! trampl+ torr5t1 & unescapable =ce1 ( ! ?+s t he w\ld n =esee1 & c\ld n und]/&3 s ! noble p]son1 look+ ! facts ( ! _w full 9 ! face1 & fa?om+ !m ) deep faculty1 !n deals ) !m 9 unal>m$ intellig5ce & unhurri$ /r5g?1 & becomes1 ) 8 human intellect & w1 no unconsci\s nor insignificant ag5t1 9 consummat+ _! good1 & re/ra9+ _! evil4 ,?us 9 human life y h ! two fields ( rightful toil = ev] di/+ui%$1 yet = ev] associat$2 ,tru? fir/--plan or design1 f\nd$ !reon2 s 9 art1 y h ! same two fields = ev] di/+ui%$1 = ev] associat$2 ,tru? fir/--plan1 or design1 f\nd$ !reon4 ,n[ hi!rto !re is n ! lea/ difficulty 9 ! subject2 none ( y c look = a mom5t at any great sculptor or pa9t] )\t see+ ! full be>+ ( ^! pr9ciples4 ,b a difficulty arises :5 y come to exam9e ! art ( a l[] ord]1 conc]n$ ) furniture & manufacture1 = 9 t art ! elem5t ( design ent]s )\t1 app>5tly1 ! elem5t ( tru?4 ,y h (t5 to obta9 beauty & display inv5tion )\t direct repres5tation ( nature4 ,yet1 respect+ all ^! ?+s also1 ! pr9ciple is p]fectly simple4 ,if ! design] ( furniture1 ( cups & vases1 ( dress patt]ns1 & ! l1 ex]cises himself cont9ually 9 ! imitation ( natural =m 9 "s lead+ division ( 8 "w2 !n1 hold+ by ?is /em ( life1 he may pass d[n into all k9ds ( m]ely geometrical or =mal design ) p]fect safety1 & ) noble results4,footnote3 ,?is pr9ciple1 "h cursorily /at$1 is "o ( ! *ief subjects ( inquiry 9 ! foll[+ ,lectures4 ,?us ,giotto1 be+ prim>ily a figure pa9t] & sculptor1 is1 second>ily1 ! ri*e/ ( all design]s 9 m]e mosaic ( col\r$ b>s & triangles2 ?us ,b5v5uto ,cell9i1 be+ 9 all ! high] bran*es ( metal "w a p]fect imitator ( nature1 is 9 all its l[] bran*es ! be/ design] ( curve = lips ( cups & h&les ( vases2 ?us ,holbe91 ex]cis$ prim>ily 9 ! noble art ( tru?ful portraiture1 becomes1 second>ily1 ! mo/ exquisite design] ( embroid]ies ( robe1 & blazonries on wall2 & ?us ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ex]cis$ prim>ily 9 ! draw+ ( body & limb1 di/ributes 9 ! mightie/ masses ! ord] ( 8 pill>s1 & 9 ! l(tie/ %ad[ ! holl[s ( 8 dome4 ,b once quit hold ( ?is liv+ /em1 & set y\rself to ! design+ ( ornam5tation1 ei!r 9 ! ignorant play ( y\r own he>tless fancy1 z ! ,indian does1 or accord+ to receiv$ application ( he>tless laws1 z ! mod]n ,european does1 & !re is b "o ^w = y--,dea?3--dea? ( e heal?y faculty1 & ( e noble intellig5ce1 incapacity ( und]/&+ "o great "w t man has ev] done1 or ( do+ any?+ t x %all be helpful = him to behold4 ,y h cut y\rselves (f volunt>ily1 presumptu\sly1 insol5tly1 f ! :ole tea*+ ( y\r ,mak] 9 ,8 ,univ]se2 y h cut y\rselves (f f x1 n because y 7 =c$ to me*anical lab\r = y\r bread--n because y\r fate _h appo9t$ y to we> away y\r life 9 wall$ *amb]s1 or dig y\r life out ( du/y furr[s2 b1 :5 y\r :ole pr(ession1 y\r :ole occupation-- all ! necessities & *ances ( y\r exi/5ce1 l$ y /raight to ! feet ( ! great ,tea*]1 & ?ru/ y into ! treasury ( ,8 works2 :]e y h no?+ to d b to live by gaz+1 & to gr[ by wond]+2--wilfully y b9d up y\r eyes f ! spl5d\r-- wilfully b9d up y\r life-blood f its beat+--wilfully turn y\r backs ^u all ! maje/ies ( ,omnipot5ce--wilfully snat* y\r h&s f all ! aids ( love1 & :at c rema9 = y1 b helplessness & bl9dness1--except ! worse fate ?an ! be+ bl9d y\rselves--t ( becom+ ,lead]s ( ! bl9d8 ,d n ?9k t ,i am speak+ "u excit$ feel+1 or 9 any exagg]at$ t]ms4 ,i h writt5 ! words ,i use1 t ,i may "k :at ,i say1 & t y1 if y *oose1 may see :at ,i h said4 ,=1 inde$1 ,i h set be=e y tonight1 to ! be/ ( my p[]1 ! sum & sub/ance ( ! sy/em ( art to ! promulgation ( :i* ,i h devot$ my life hi!rto1 & int5d to devote :at ( life may /ill be sp>$ to me4 ,i h _h b "o /eady aim 9 all t ,i h ev] tri$ to tea*1 namely--to decl>e t :atev] 0 great 9 human art 0 ! expression ( man's delight 9 ,god's "w4 ,& at ?is "t ,i h endeav\r$ to prove to y--if y inve/igate ! subject y may m entirely prove to y\rselves--t no s*ool ev] advanc$ f> :i* _h n ! love ( natural fact z a primal en]gy4 ,b x is /ill m important = y to be assur$ t ! conditions ( life & dea? 9 ! art ( nations are also ! conditions ( life & dea? 9 y\r own2 & t y h x1 ea* 9 8 p[] at ?is v in/ant1 to det]m9e 9 :i* direction 8 /eps are turn+4 ,x seems almo/ a t]rible ?+ to tell y1 t all "h h all ! p[] ( kn[+ at once :at hope !re is = !m z arti/s2 y w\ld1 p]haps1 l bett] t !re 0 "s unremovable d\bt ab\t ! *ances ( ! future--"s possibility t y might be advanc+1 9 unconsci\s ways1 t[>ds unexpect$ successes--"s excuse or reason = go+ ab\t1 z /ud5ts d s (t51 to ?is ma/] or ! o!r1 ask+ him if !y h g5ius1 & :e!r !y are do+ "r1 & ga!r+1 f 8 c>eless or =mal replies1 vague fla%es ( enc\ragem5t1 or fitfulnesses ( despair4 ,!re is no ne$ = ?is--no excuse = x4 ,all ( y h ! trial ( y\rselves 9 y\r own p[]2 ea* may und]go at ?is in/ant1 be=e 8 own judgm5t seat1 ! ordeal by fire4 ,ask y\rselves :at is ! lead+ motive :i* actuates y :ile y are at "w4 ,i d n ask y :at y\r lead+ motive is = work+--t is a diff]5t ?+2 y may h families to support--p>5ts to help--brides to w92 y may h all ^!1 or o!r su* sacr$ & pre-em95t motives1 to press ! morn+'s lab\r & prompt ! twilight ?\ght4 ,b :5 y are fairly at ! "w1 :at is ! motive !n :i* tells ^u e t\* ( x8 ,if x is ! love ( t :i* y\r "w repres5ts--if1 be+ a l&scape pa9t]1 x is love ( hills & trees t moves y--if1 be+ a figure pa9t]1 x is love ( human beauty & human s\l t moves y--if1 be+ a fl[] or animal pa9t]1 x is love1 & wond]1 & delight 9 petal & 9 limb t move y1 !n ! ,_s is ^u y1 & ! e>? is y\rs1 & ! fulness !re(4 ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 x is petty self-complac5cy 9 y\r own skill1 tru/ 9 precepts & laws1 hope = academical or popul> approbation1 or av>ice ( weal?1--x is q possible t by /eady indu/ry1 or ev5 by =tunate *ance1 y may w9 ! applause1 ! position1 ! =tune1 t y desire2-- b "o t\* ( true art y w nev] lay on canvas or on /one z long z y live4 ,make1 !n1 y\r *oice1 boldly & consci\sly1 = "o way or o!r x mu/ be made4 ,on ! d>k & dang]\s side are set1 ! pride :i* delights 9 self-contemplation--! indol5ce :i* re/s 9 unque/ion$ =ms--! ignorance t despises :at is faire/ among ,god's creatures1 & ! dulness t d5ies :at is m>vell\s 9 ,8 work+3 !re is a life ( monotony = y\r own s\ls1 & ( misguid+ = ^? ( o!rs4 ,&1 on ! o!r side1 is op5 to y\r *oice ! life ( ! cr[n$ _s1 mov+ z a light 9 creation-- discov]+ always--illum9at+ always1 ga9+ e h\r 9 /r5g?1 yet b[$ d[n e h\r into deep] humility2 sure ( be+ "r 9 its aim1 sure ( be+ irresi/ible 9 its progress2 happy 9 :at x has securely done--happi] 9 :at1 day by day1 x may z securely hope2 happie/ at ! close ( life1 :5 ! "r h& beg9s to =get its cunn+1 to rememb]1 t !re nev] 0 a t\* ( ! *isel or ! p5cil x wield$1 b has add$ to ! k & quick5$ ! happ9ess ( mank9d4 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,unity ,,( ,,art4 ,"p ( an ,address deliv]$ at ,man*e/]1 #ad? ,m>*1 #ahei4 ,footnote3 ,i 0 prev5t$1 by press ( o!r engagem5ts1 f prep>+ ?is address ) ! c>e ,i wi%$2 & =c$ to tru/ to su* expression z ,i c\ld give at ! mom5t to ! po9ts ( pr9cipal importance2 read+1 h[ev]1 ! close ( ! prec$+ lecture1 :i* ,i ?\ght conta9$ "s tru?s t w\ld be> repetition4 ,! :ole 0 report$1 bett] ?an x des]v$1 by ,mr4 ,pitman1 ( ! ,man*e/] ,c\ri]1 & publi%$ ne>ly v]batim4 ,i h "h extract$1 f ! publi%$ report1 ! facts :i* ,i wi% especially to en=ce2 & h a little cle>$ _! expression2 its loose & colloquial "* ,i _c n[ help1 unless by re-writ+ ! :ole1 :i* x seems n wor? :ile to d4 ,x is sometimes my pleasant duty to visit o!r cities1 9 ! hope ( be+ able to enc\rage _! art /ud5ts2 b "h x is my pleasant] privilege to come = enc\ragem5t myself4 ,i d n "k :5 ,i h receiv$ s mu* z f ! report read ?is ev5+ by ,mr4 ,hamm]sley1 be>+ ^u a subject :i* has caus$ me great anxiety4 ,= ,i h always felt 9 my own pursuit ( art1 & 9 my endeavors to urge ! pursuit ( art on o!rs1 t :ile !re are _m advantages n[ t nev] exi/$ be=e1 !re are c]ta9 griev\s difficulties exi/+1 j 9 ! v cause t is giv+ ! /imulus to art--9 ! imm5se spread ( ! manufactures ( e c\ntry :i* is n[ att5d+ vigor\sly to art4 ,we f9d t manufacture & art are n[ go+ on always toge!r2 t :]e !re is no manufacture !re is no art4 ,i "k h[ mu* !re is ( pret5d$ art :]e !re is no manufacture3 !re is mu* 9 ,italy1 = in/ance2 no c\ntry makes s bold pret5ce to ! production ( new art z ,italy at ?is mom5t2 yet no c\ntry produces s little4 ,if y glance ov] ! map ( ,europe1 y w f9d t :]e ! manufactures are /ronge/1 !re art also is /ronge/4 ,& yet ,i always felt t !re 0 an imm5se difficulty to be enc\nt]$ by ! /ud5ts :o 7 9 ^! c5tres ( mod]n movem5t4 ,!y _h to avoid ! notion t art & manufacture 7 9 any respect "o4 ,art may be heal?ily associat$ ) manufacture1 & probably 9 future w always be s2 b ! /ud5t mu/ be /r5u\sly w>n$ aga9/ suppos+ t !y c ev] be "o & ! same ?+1 t art c ev] be foll[$ on ! pr9ciples ( manufacture4 ,ea* mu/ be foll[$ sep>ately2 ! "o mu/ influ5ce ! o!r1 b ea* mu/ be kept di/9ctly sep>ate f ! o!r4 ,x w\ld be well if all /ud5ts w\ld keep cle>ly 9 _! m9d ! real di/9ction betwe5 ^? words :i* we use s (t51 ,manufacture1 ,art1 & ,f9e ,art4 ,,manufacture is1 accord+ to ! etymology & "r use ( ! ^w1 ! mak+ ( any?+ by h&s1--directly or indirectly1 ) or )\t ! help ( in/rum5ts or ma*9es4 ,any?+ proce$+ f ! h& ( man is manufacture2 b x mu/ h proce$$ f 8 h& only1 act+ me*anically1 & un9flu5c$ at ! mom5t by direct intellig5ce4 ,!n1 secondly1 ,,art is ! op]ation ( ! h& & ! intellig5ce ( man toge!r2 !re is an art ( mak+ ma*9]y2 !re is an art ( build+ %ips2 an art ( mak+ c>riages2 & s on4 ,all ^!1 prop]ly call$ ,arts1 b n ,f9e ,arts1 are pursuits 9 :i* ! h& ( man & 8 head g toge!r1 work+ at ! same in/ant4 ,!n ,,f9e ,,art is t 9 :i* ! h&1 ! head1 & ! he>t ( man g toge!r4 ,recollect ?is triple gr\p2 x w help y to solve _m difficult problems4 ,& rememb] t ?\gh ! h& mu/ be at ! bottom ( ev]y?+1 x mu/ also g to ! top ( ev]y?+2 = ,f9e ,art mu/ be produc$ by ! h& ( man 9 a mu* great] & cle>] s5se ?an manufacture is4 ,f9e ,art mu/ always be produc$ by ! subtle/ ( all ma*9es1 :i* is ! human h&4 ,no ma*9e yet contriv$1 or h]eaft] contrivable1 w ev] equal ! f9e ma*9]y ( ! human f+]s4 ,?or\ghly p]fect art is t :i* proce$s f ! he>t1 :i* involves all ! noble emotions2--associates ) ^! ! head1 yet z inf]ior to ! he>t2 & ! h&1 yet z inf]ior to ! he>t & head2 & ?us br+s out ! :ole man4 ,h5ce x foll[s t s9ce ,manufacture is simply ! op]ation ( ! h& ( man 9 produc+ t :i* is useful to him1 x ess5tially sep>ates itself f ! emotions2 :5 emotions int]f]e ) ma*9]y !y spoil x3 ma*9]y mu/ g ev5ly1 )\t emotion4 ,b ! ,f9e ,arts _c g ev5ly2 !y always mu/ h emotion rul+ _! me*anism1 & until ! pupil beg9s to feel1 & until all he does associates itself ) ! curr5t ( 8 feel+1 he is n an arti/4 ,b pupils 9 all ! s*ools 9 ?is c\ntry are n[ expos$ to all k9ds ( temptations :i* blunt _! feel+s4 ,i con/antly feel disc\rag$ 9 address+ !m because ,i "k n h[ to tell !m boldly :at !y ought to d1 :5 ,i feel h[ practically difficult x is = !m to d x4 ,!re are all sorts ( dem&s made ^u !m 9 e direction1 & money is to be made 9 e conceivable way b ! "r way4 ,if y pa9t z y ought1 & /udy z y ought1 dep5d ^u x ! public w take no notice ( y = a long :ile4 ,if y /udy wrongly1 & try to draw ! att5tion ( ! public ^u y1--suppos+ y to be clev] /ud5ts--y w get swift rew>d2 b ! rew>d does n come fa/ :5 x is s\ght wisely2 x is always held alo( = a little :ile2 ! "r roads ( e>ly life are v quiet ones1 h$g$ 9 f ne>ly all help or praise4 ,b ! wrong roads are noisy1--vocif]\s ev]y:]e ) all k9ds ( dem& ^u y = art :i* is n prop]ly art at all2 & 9 ! v>i\s meet+s ( mod]n int]e/s1 money is to be made 9 e way2 b art is to be foll[$ only 9 "o way4 ,t is :at ,i want ma9ly to say to y1 or if n to y y\rselves 7=1 f :at ,i h he>d f y\r excell5t ma/] to-night1 ,i "k y are go+ on all rightly71 y mu/ let me say x ?r\gh y to o!rs4 ,our ,s*ools ( ,art are confus$ by ! v>i\s tea*+ & v>i\s int]e/s t are n[ abroad among u4 ,ev]ybody is talk+ ab\t art1 & writ+ ab\t x1 & m or less int]e/$ 9 x2 ev]ybody wants art1 & !re is n art = ev]ybody1 & few :o talk "k :at !y are talk+ ab\t2 ?us /ud5ts are l$ 9 all v>iable ways1 :ile !re is only "o way 9 :i* !y c make /eady progress1 = true art is always & w be always "o4 ,:atev] *anges may be made 9 ! cu/oms ( society1 :atev] new ma*9es we may inv5t1 :atev] new manufactures we may supply1 ,f9e ,art mu/ rema9 :at x 0 two ?\s& ye>s ago1 9 ! days ( ,phidias2 two ?\s& ye>s h5ce1 x w be1 9 all its pr9ciples1 & 9 all its great effects ^u ! m9d ( man1 j ! same4 ,obs]ve ?is t ,i say1 please1 c>efully1 = ,i mean x to ! v utmo/4 ,!re is b "o "r way ( do+ any giv5 ?+ requir$ ( an arti/2 !re may be a hundr$ wrong1 defici5t1 or mann]$ ways1 b !re is only "o complete & "r way4 ,:5ev] two arti/s are try+ to d ! same ?+ ) ! same mat]ials1 & d x 9 diff]5t ways1 "o ( !m is wrong2 he may be *>m+ly wrong1 or impressively wrong--v>i\s circum/ances 9 8 temp] may make 8 wrong pleasant] ?an any p]son's "r2 x may = him1 "u 8 giv5 limitations ( k or temp]1 be bett] p]haps t he %\ld err 9 8 own way ?an try = anybody else's--b = all t 8 way is wrong1 & x is ess5tial = all ma/]s ( s*ools to "k :at ! "r way is1 & :at "r art is1 & to see h[ simple & h[ s+le all "r art has be51 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( x4 ,b f>!r1 n only is !re b "o way ( do+ ?+s rightly1 b !re is only "o way ( see+ !m1 & t is1 see+ ! :ole ( !m1 )\t any *oice1 or m int5se p]ception ( "o po9t ?an ano!r1 ow+ to our special idiosyncrasies4 ,?us1 :5 ,titian or ,t9toret look at a human be+1 !y see at a glance ! :ole ( its nature1 outside & 92 all t x has ( =m1 ( col\r1 ( passion1 or ( ?\ght2 sa9tl9ess1 & lovel9ess2 fle%ly body1 & spiritual p[]2 grace1 or /r5g?1 or s(tness1 or :atsoev] o!r quality1 ^? m5 w see to ! full1 & s pa9t1 t1 :5 n>r[] p come to look at :at !y h done1 e "o may1 if he *ooses1 f9d 8 own special pleasure 9 ! "w4 ,! s5suali/ w f9d s5suality 9 ,titian2 ! ?9k] w f9d ?\ght2 ! sa9t1 sanctity2 ! col\ri/1 col\r2 ! anatomi/1 =m2 & yet ! picture w nev] be a popul> "o 9 ! full s5se1 = none ( ^! n>r[] p w f9d _! special ta/e s alone consult$1 z t ! qualities :i* w\ld ensure _! gratification %all be sift$ or sep>at$ f o!rs2 !y are *eck$ by ! pres5ce ( ! o!r qualities :i* ensure ! gratification ( o!r m54 ,?us1 ,titian is n s(t en\gh = ! s5suali/1 ,correggio suits him bett]2 ,titian is n def9$ en\gh = ! =mali/1--,leon>do suits him bett]2 ,titian is n pure en\gh = ! religioni/1--,raphael suits him bett]2 ,titian is n polite en\gh = ! man ( ! _w1--,v&yke suits him bett]2 ,titian is n =cible en\gh = ! lov]s ( ! picturesque1-- ,rembr&t suits him bett]4 ,s ,correggio is popul> ) a c]ta9 set1 & ,v&yke ) a c]ta9 set1 & ,rembr&t ) a c]ta9 set4 ,all are great m51 b ( inf]ior /amp1 & !re=e ,v&yke is popul>1 & ,rembr&t is popul>1 ,footnote3 ,& ,murillo1 ( all true pa9t]s ! n>r[e/1 feeble/1 & mo/ sup]ficial1 = ^? reasons ! mo/ popul>4 b nobody c>es mu* at he>t ab\t ,titian2 only !re is a /range "u-curr5t ( ev]la/+ murmur ab\t 8 "n1 :i* means ! deep cons5t ( all great m5 t he is great] ?an !y-- ! cons5t ( ^? :o1 hav+ sat long en\gh at 8 feet1 h f\nd 9 t re/ra9$ h>mony ( 8 /r5g? !re are inde$ dep?s ( ea* balanc$ p[] m wond]ful ?an all ^? sep>ate manife/ations 9 inf]ior pa9t]s3 t !re is a s(tness m exquisite ?an ,correggio's1 a purity l(ti] ?an ,leon>do's1 a =ce mighti] ?an ,rembr&t's1 a sanctity m solemn ev5 ?an ,raffaelle's4 ,d n suppose t 9 say+ ?is ( ,titian1 ,i am return+ to ! old eclectic !ories ( ,bologna2 = all ^? eclectic !ories1 obs]ve1 7 bas$1 n ^u an endeav\r to unite ! v>i\s *>act]s ( nature 7:i* x is possible to d71 b ! v>i\s n>r[nesses ( ta/e1 :i* x is impossible to d4 ,rub5s is n m vigor\s ?an ,titian1 b less vigor\s2 b because he is s n>r[-m9d$ z to enjoy vig\r only1 he refuses to give ! o!r qualities ( nature1 :i* w\ld int]f]e ) t vig\r & ) our p]ception ( x4 ,aga91 ,rembr&t is n a great] ma/] ( *i>oscuro ?an ,titian2-- he is a less ma/]1 b because he is s n>r[-m9d$ z to enjoy *i>oscuro only1 he )draws f y ! spl5d\r ( hue :i* w\ld int]f]e ) ?is1 & gives y only ! %ad[ 9 :i* y c at once feel x4 ,n[ all ^! specialties h _! own *>m 9 _! own way3 & !re are times :5 ! p>ticul> hum\r ( ea* man is refre%+ to u f its v di/9ctness2 b ! ef=t to add any o!r qualities to ?is refre%+ "o in/antly takes away ! di/9ctiv5ess1 & !re=e ! exact "* to be enjoy$ 9 its appeal to a p>ticul> hum\r 9 u4 ,our enjoym5t arose f a weakness meet+ a weakness1 f a p>tiality 9 ! pa9t] fitt+ to a p>tiality 9 u1 & giv+ u sug> :5 we want$ sug>1 & myrrh :5 we want$ myrrh2 b sug> & myrrh are n meat3 & :5 we want meat & bread1 we mu/ g to bett] m54 ,! eclectic s*ools endeav\r$ to unite ^! opposite p>tialities & weaknesses4 ,!y tra9$ !mselves "u ma/]s ( exagg]ation1 & tri$ to unite opposite exagg]ations4 ,t 0 impossible4 ,!y did n see t ! only possible eclecticism _h be5 already accompli%$2--! eclecticism ( temp]ance1 :i*1 by ! re/ra9t ( =ce1 ga9s high] =ce2 & by ! self-d5ial ( delight1 ga9s high] delight4 ,?is y w f9d is ultimately ! case ) e true & "r ma/]2 at fir/1 :ile we are tyros 9 art1 or be=e we h e>ne/ly /udi$ ! man 9 "q1 we %all see little 9 him2 or p]haps see1 z we ?9k1 defici5cies2 we %all fancy he is inf]ior to ?is man 9 t1 & to ! o!r man 9 ! o!r2 b z we g on /udy+ him we %all f9d t he has got bo? t & ! o!r2 & bo? 9 a f> high] s5se ?an ! man :o seem$ to possess ^? qualities 9 excess4 ,?us 9 ,turn]'s lifetime1 :5 p fir/ look$ at him1 ^? :o lik$ ra9y1 wea!r1 said he 0 n equal to ,copley ,field+2 b ^? :o look$ at ,turn] long en\gh f\nd t he c\ld be mu* m wet ?an ,copley ,field+1 :5 he *ose4 ,! p :o lik$ =ce1 said t ,turn] 0 n /rong en\gh = !m2 he 0 effem9ate2 !y lik$ ,de ,w9t1--nice /rong tone2--or ,cox--great1 gre5y1 d>k masses ( col\r--solemn feel+ ( ! fre%ness & dep? ( nature2--!y lik$ ,cox--,turn] 0 too hot = !m4 ,_h !y look$ long en\gh !y w\ld h f\nd t he _h f> m =ce ?an ,de ,w9t1 f> m fre%ness ?an ,cox :5 he *ose1--only unit$ ) o!r elem5ts2 & t he didn't *oose to be cool1 if nature _h appo9t$ ! wea!r to be hot4 ,! p :o lik$ ,pr\t said ,turn] _h n firmness ( h&--he did n "k en\gh ab\t ar*itecture--he 0 n picturesque en\gh4 ,_h !y look$ at 8 ar*itecture long1 !y w\ld h f\nd t x conta9$ subtle picturesqu5esses1 inf9itely m picturesque ?an any?+ ( ,pr\t's4 ,p :o lik$ ,callcott said t ,turn] 0 n correct or pure en\gh--_h no classical ta/e4 ,_h !y look$ at ,turn] long en\gh !y w\ld h f\nd him z sev]e1 :5 he *ose1 z ! great] ,p\ss92--,callcott1 a m]e vulg> imitator ( o!r m5's high bre$+4 ,& s ?r\gh\t ) all ?or\ghly great m51 _! /r5g? is n se5 at fir/1 precisely because !y unite1 9 due place & measure1 e great quality4 ,n[ ! "q is1 :e!r1 z /ud5ts1 we are to /udy only ^! mightie/ m51 :o unite all greatness1 or :e!r we are to /udy ! works ( inf]ior m51 :o pres5t u ) ! greatness :i* we p>ticul>ly l8 ,t "q (t5 comes be=e me :5 ,i see a /rong idiosyncrasy 9 a /ud5t1 & he asks me :at he %\ld /udy4 ,%all ,i s5d him to a true ma/]1 :o does n pres5t ! quality 9 a prom95t way 9 :i* t /ud5t delights1 or s5d him to a man ) :om he has direct sympa?y8 ,x is a h>d "q4 ,= v curi\s results h sometimes be5 br\ght out1 especially 9 late ye>s1 n only by /ud5ts foll[+ _! own b5t1 b by _! be+ )drawn f tea*+ altoge!r4 ,i h j nam$ a v great man 9 8 own field--,pr\t4 ,we all "k 8 draw+s1 & love !m3 !y h a peculi> "* :i* no o!r ar*itectural draw+s ev] possess$1 & :i* no o!rs c possess1 because all ,pr\t's subjects are be+ knock$ d[n or re/or$4 7,pr\t did n l re/or$ build+s any m ?an ,i d47 ,!re w nev] be any m ,pr\t draw+s4 ,nor c\ld he h be5 :at he 01 or express$ ) t my/]i\sly effective t\* t peculi> delight 9 brok5 & old build+s1 unless he _h be5 )drawn f all high art influ5ce4 ,y "k t ,pr\t 0 born ( poor p>5ts--t he 0 educat$ d[n 9 ,cornwall2--& t1 = _m ye>s1 all ! art- tea*+ he _h 0 8 own1 or ! fi%]m5's4 ,"u ! keels ( ! fi%+-boats1 on ! s&s ( our s\!rn coa/s1 ,pr\t le>n$ all t he ne$$ to le>n ab\t art4 ,entirely by himself1 he felt 8 way to ?is p>ticul> /yle1 & became ! pa9t] ( pictures :i* ,i ?9k we %\ld all regret to lose4 ,x becomes a v difficult "q :at t man w\ld h be51 _h he be5 br\ght "u "s entirely :olesome arti/ic influ5ce1 ,he _h imm5se gifts ( composition4 ,i d n "k any man :o _h m p[] ( inv5tion ?an ,pr\t1 or :o _h a sublim] in/9ct 9 8 treatm5t ( ?+s2 b be+ entirely )drawn f all arti/ical help1 he blund]s 8 way to t %ort-com+ repres5tation1 :i*1 by ! v reason ( its %ort-com+1 has a c]ta9 *>m we %\ld all be sorry to lose4 ,& !re=e ,i feel emb>rass$ :5 a /ud5t comes to me1 9 :om ,i see a /rong in/9ct ( t k9d3 & _c tell :e!r ,i ought to say to him1 ,give up all y\r /udies ( old boats1 & keep away f ! sea-%ore1 & come up to ! ,royal ,academy 9 ,london1 & look at no?+ b ,titian4 ,x is a difficult ?+ to make up "o's m9d to say t4 ,h[ev]1 ,i believe1 on ! :ole1 we may wisely leave su* matt]s 9 ! h&s ( ,provid5ce2 t if we h ! p[] ( tea*+ ! "r to anybody1 we %\ld tea* !m ! "r2 if we h ! p[] ( %[+ !m ! be/ ?+1 we %\ld %[ !m ! be/ ?+2 !re w always1 ,i fe>1 be en\gh want ( tea*+1 & en\gh bad tea*+1 to br+ out v curi\s erratical results if we want !m4 ,s1 if we are to tea* at all1 let u tea* ! "r ?+1 & ev] ! "r ?+4 ,!re are _m attractive qualities inconsi/5t ) rightness2--d n let u tea* !m1--let u be cont5t to waive !m4 ,!re are attractive qualities 9 ,burns1 & attractive qualities 9 ,dick5s1 :i* nei!r ( ^? writ]s w\ld h possess$ if ! "o _h be5 educat$1 & ! o!r _h be5 /udy+ high] nature ?an t ( cockney ,london2 b ^? attractive qualities are n su* z we %\ld seek 9 a s*ool ( lit]ature4 ,if we want to tea* "y m5 a good mann] ( writ+1 we %\ld tea* x f ,%akspe>e1--n f ,burns2 f ,walt] ,scott1-- & n f ,dick5s4 ,& ,i believe t our s*ools ( pa9t+ are at pres5t ineffici5t 9 _! action1 because !y h n fix$ on ?is high pr9ciple :at are ! pa9t]s to :om to po9t2 nor boldly resolv$ to po9t to ! be/1 if det]m9able4 ,x is becom+ a matt] ( /]n necessity t !y %\ld give a simple direction to ! att5tion ( ! /ud5t1 & t !y %\ld say1 ,?is is ! m>k y are to aim at2 & y are n to g ab\t to ! pr9t-%ops1 & peep 91 to see h[ ?is engrav] does t1 & ! o!r engrav] does ! o!r1 & h[ a nice bit ( "* has be5 caught by a new man1 & :y ?is odd picture has caught ! popul> att5tion4 ,y are to h no?+ to d ) all t2 y are n to m9d ab\t popul> att5tion j n[2 b "h is a ?+ :i* is et]nally "r & good3 y are to look at t1 & see if y _c d some?+ et]nally "r & good too4 ,b suppose y accept ?is pr9ciple3 & resolve to look to "s great man1 ,titian1 or ,turn]1 or :omsoev] x may be1 z ! model ( p]fection 9 art2--!n ! "q is1 s9ce ?is great man pursu$ 8 art 9 ,v5ice1 or 9 ! fields ( ,engl&1 "u totally diff]5t conditions f ^? possible to u n[--h[ are y to make y\r /udy ( him effective "h 9 ,man*e/]8 h[ br+ x d[n into patt]ns1 & all t y are call$ ^u z op]atives to produce8 h[ make x ! means ( y\r livelihood1 & associate inf]ior bran*es ( art ) ?is great art8 ,t may become a s]i\s d\bt to y4 ,y may ?9k !re is "s o!r way ( produc+ clev]1 & pretty1 & saleable patt]ns ?an go+ to look at ,titian1 or any o!r great man4 ,& t br+s me to ! "q1 p]haps ! mo/ vex$ "q ( all among/ u j n[1 betwe5 conv5tional & p]fect art4 ,y "k t among ar*itects & arti/s !re are1 & h be5 almo/ always1 s9ce art became a subject ( mu* discussion1 two p>ties1 "o ma9ta9+ t nature %\ld be always alt]$ & modifi$1 & t ! arti/ is great] ?an nature2 !y d n ma9ta91 inde$1 9 words1 b !y ma9ta9 9 idea1 t ! arti/ is great] ?an ! ,div9e ,mak] ( ^! ?+s1 & c improve !m2 :ile ! o!r p>ty say t he _c improve nature1 & t nature on ! :ole %\ld improve him4 ,t is ! real mean+ ( ! two p>ties1 ! ess5ce ( !m2 ! practical result ( _! sev]al !ories be+ t ! ,ideali/s are always produc+ m or less =mal conditions ( art1 & ! ,reali/s /riv+ to produce 9 all _! art ei!r "s image ( nature1 or record ( nature2 ^!1 obs]ve1 be+ q diff]5t ?+s1 ! image be+ a resemblance1 & ! record1 some?+ :i* w give in=mation ab\t nature1 b n necess>ily imitate x4 ,footnote3 ,! portion ( ! lecture "h omitt$ 0 a recapitulation ( t "p ( ! previ\s "o :i* oppos$ conv5tional art to natural art4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y may sep>ate ^! two gr\ps ( arti/s m di/9ctly 9 y\r m9d z ^? :o seek = ! pleasure ( art1 9 ! relations ( its col\rs & l9es1 )\t c>+ to convey any tru? ) x2 & ^? :o seek = ! tru? fir/1 & !n g d[n f ! tru? to ! pleasure ( col\r & l9e4 ,m>k+ ^? two bodies di/9ctly z sep>ate1 & ?9k+ ov] !m1 y may come to "s r notable conclusions respect+ ! m5tal dispositions :i* are involv$ 9 ea* mode ( /udy4 ,y w f9d t l>ge masses ( ! art ( ! _w fall def9itely "u "o or ! o!r ( ^! heads4 ,obs]ve1 pleasure fir/ & tru? aft]w>ds1 7or n at all17 z ) ! ,arabians & ,indians2 or1 tru? fir/ & pleasure aft]w>ds1 z ) ,angelico & all o!r great ,european pa9t]s4 ,y w f9d t ! art ^: end is pleasure only is pre-em95tly ! gift ( cruel & savage nations1 cruel 9 temp]1 savage 9 habits & conception2 b t ! art :i* is especially d$icat$ to natural fact always indicates a peculi> g5tl5ess & t5d]ness ( m9d1 & t all great & successful "w ( t k9d w assur$ly be ! production ( ?\ghtful1 s5sitive1 e>ne/1 k9d m51 l>ge 9 _! views ( life1 & full ( v>i\s intellectual p[]4 ,& f>!r1 :5 y exam9e ! m5 9 :om ! gifts ( art are v>i\sly m+l$1 or univ]sally m+l$1 y w disc]n t ! ornam5tal1 or pleasurable p[]1 ?\gh x may be possess$ by good m51 is n 9 itself an indication ( _! goodness1 b is r1 unless balanc$ by o!r faculties1 indicative ( viol5ce ( temp]1 incl9+ to cruelty & to irreligion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 s sure z y f9d any man end[$ ) a ke5 & sep>ate faculty ( repres5t+ natural fact1 s surely y w f9d t man g5tle & upright1 full ( nobl5ess & bread? ( ?\ght4 ,i w give y two in/ances1 ! fir/ peculi>ly ,engli%1 & ano!r peculi>ly int]e/+ because x occurs among a nation n g5]ally v k9d or g5tle4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t1 consid]+ all ! disadvantages ( circum/ances & education "u :i* 8 g5ius 0 develop$1 !re 0 p]haps h>dly ev] born a man ) a m int5se & innate gift ( insight into nature ?an our own ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,consid]$ z a pa9t] ( individuality 9 ! human =m & m9d1 ,i ?9k him1 ev5 z x is1 ! pr9ce ( portrait pa9t]s4 ,titian pa9ts nobl] pictures1 & ,v&yke _h nobl] subjects1 b nei!r ( !m ent]$ s subtly z ,sir ,jo%ua did into ! m9or v>ieties ( human he>t & temp]2 arid :5 y consid] t1 ) a frightful conv5tionality ( social habitude all ar\nd him1 he yet conceiv$ ! simple/ types ( all fem99e & *ildi% lovel9ess2--t 9 a nor!rn climate1 & ) gray1 & :ite1 & black1 z ! pr9cipal col\rs ar\nd him1 he yet became a col\ri/ :o c be cru%$ by none1 ev5 ( ! ,v5etians2--& t ) ,dut* pa9t+ & ,dresd5 *9a = ! prevail+ types ( art 9 ! saloons ( 8 day1 he ?rew himself at once at ! feet ( ! great ma/]s ( ,italy1 & arose f _! feet to %>e _! ?rone--,i "k n t 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( art y c produce ano!r in/ance ( s /rong1 s unaid$1 s un]r+ an in/9ct = all t 0 true1 pure1 & noble4 ,n[1 d y recollect ! evid5ce respect+ ! "* ( ?is man1--! two po9ts ( bright peculi> evid5ce giv5 by ! say+s ( ! two greate/ lit]>y m5 ( 8 day1 ,johnson & ,goldsmi?8 ,johnson1 :o1 z y "k1 0 always ,reynolds' atta*$ fri5d1 _h b "o compla9t to make aga9/ him1 t he hat$ nobody3-- ,reynolds1 he said1 y hate no "o liv+2 ,i l a good hat]6 ,/ill m significant is ! little t\* 9 ,goldsmi?'s ,retaliation4 ,y recollect h[ 9 t poem he describes ! v>i\s p]sons :o met at "o ( _! d9n]s at ,/4 ,james's ,c(fee-h\se1 ea* p]son be+ describ$ "u ! "n ( "s appropriate di%4 ,y w (t5 he> ! conclud+ l9es ab\t ,reynolds ,quot$-- ,he %ift$ 8 trumpet1 c2-- less (t51 or at lea/ less att5tively1 ! prec$+ ones1 f> m important-- ,/ill born to improve u 9 e "p-- ,8 p5cil our faces1 8 mann]s our he>t2 & nev]1 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic t\* ( all1 ne> ! beg9n+3-- ,our dean %all be v5ison1 j fre% f ! pla9s2 ,our ,burke %all be tongue1 ) a g>ni% ( bra9s4 ,to make out ! d9n]1 full c]ta9 ,i am1 ,t ,ri* is an*ovy1 & ,reynolds is lamb4 ,! o!r pa9t] :om ,i w\ld give y z an in/ance ( ?is g5tl5ess is a man ( ano!r nation1 on ! :ole ,i suppose "o ( ! mo/ cruel civiliz$ nations 9 ! _w--! ,spani>ds4 ,!y produc$ b "o great pa9t]1 only "o2 b he among ! v greate/ ( pa9t]s1 ,velasquez4 ,y w\ld n suppose1 f look+ at ,velasquez' portraits g5]ally1 t he 0 an especially k9d or good man2 y p]ceive a peculi> /]nness ab\t !m2 = !y 7 z true z /eel1 & ! p]sons :om he _h to pa9t be+ n g5]ally k9d or good p1 !y 7 /]n 9 expression1 & ,velasquez gave ! /]nness2 b he _h precisely ! same int5se p]ception ( tru?1 ! same m>vell\s in/9ct = ! r5d]+ ( all natural s\l & all natural =m t our ,reynolds _h4 ,let me1 !n1 read y 8 "* z x is giv5 by ,mr4 ,/irl+1 ( ,ki]3-- ,c]ta9 *>ges1 ( :at nature we are n in=m$1 br\ght aga9/ him aft] 8 dea?1 made x necess>y = 8 executor1 ,fu5salida1 to refute !m at a private audi5ce grant$ to him by ! k+ = t purpose4 ,aft] li/5+ to ! def5ce ( 8 fri5d1 ,philip imm$iately made answ]3 ',i c believe all y say ( ! excell5t disposition ( ,diego ,velasquez4' ,hav+ liv$ = half 8 life 9 c\rts1 he 0 yet capable bo? ( gratitude & g5]osity1 & 9 ! mis=tunes1 he c\ld rememb] ! e>ly k9dness ( ,oliv>es4 ,! fri5d ( ! exile ( ,loe*es1 x is j to believe t he 0 also ! fri5d ( ! all-p[]ful fav\rite at ,bu5retiro4 ,no mean jeal\sy ev] influ5c$ 8 conduct to 8 bro!r arti/s2 he c\ld af=d n only to ackn[l$ge ! m]its1 b to =give ! malice1 ( 8 rivals4 ,8 "* 0 ( t r>e & happy k9d1 9 :i* high intellectual p[] is comb9$ ) indomitable /r5g? ( w1 & a w9n+ sweetness ( temp]1 & :i* seldom fails to raise ! possessor above 8 fell[-m51 mak+ 8 life a 'laurell$ victory1 & smoo? success ,be /rew$ be=e 8 feet4' ,i am sometimes accus$ ( try+ to make art too moral2 yet1 obs]ve1 ,i d n say 9 ! lea/ t 9 ord] to be a good pa9t] y mu/ be a good man2 b ,i d say t 9 ord] to be a good natural pa9t] !re mu/ be /rong elem5ts ( good 9 ! m9d1 h[ev] w>p$ by o!r p>ts ( ! "*4 ,!re are hundr$s ( o!r gifts ( pa9t+ :i* are n at all involv$ ) moral conditions1 b ?is "o1 ! p]ception ( nature1 is nev] giv5 b "u c]ta9 moral conditions4 ,!re=e1 n[ y h x 9 y\r *oice2 "h are y\r two pa?s = y3 x is requir$ ( y to produce conv5tional ornam5t1 & y may approa* ! task z ! ,h9doo does1 & z ! ,arab did1--)\t nature at all1 ) ! *ance ( approximat+ y\r disposition some:at to t ( ! ,h9doos & ,arabs2 or z ,sir ,jo%ua & ,velasquez did1 )1 n ! *ance1 b ! c]ta9ty1 ( approximat+ y\r disposition1 accord+ to ! s9c]ity ( y\r ef=t--to ! disposition ( ^? great & good m54 ,& d y suppose y w lose any?+ by approa*+ y\r conv5tional art f ?is high] side8 ,n s4 ,i call$1 ) delib]ate measurem5t ( my expression1 long ago1 ! decoration ( ! ,alhambra dete/able1 n m]ely because indicative ( base conditions ( moral be+1 b because m]ely z decorative "w1 h[ev] captivat+ 9 "s respects1 x is :olly want+ 9 ! real1 deep1 & int5se qualities ( ornam5tal art4 ,noble conv5tional decoration belongs only to ?ree p]iods4 ,fir/1 !re is ! conv5tional decoration ( ! ,greeks1 us$ 9 subord9ation to _! sculpture4 ,!re are !n ! noble conv5tional decoration ( ! e>ly ,go?ic s*ools1 & ! noble conv5tional arabesque ( ! great ,italian s*ools4 ,all ^! 7 rea*$ f above1 all rea*$ by /oop+ f a k ( ! human =m4 ,dep5d ^u x y w f9d1 z y look m & m into ! matt]1 t good subord9ate ornam5t has ev] be5 root$ 9 a high] k2 & if y are aga9 to produce any?+ t is noble1 y mu/ h ! high] k fir/1 & desc5d to all l[] s]vice2 condesc5d z mu* z y l1--condesc5sion nev] does any man any h>m1--b get y\r noble /&+ fir/4 ,s1 !n1 )\t any scruple1 :atev] bran* ( art y may be incl9$ z a /ud5t "h to foll[1--:atev] y are to make y\r bread by1 ,i say1 s f> z y h "t & p[]1 make y\rself fir/ a noble & accompli%$ arti/2 und]/& at lea/ :at noble & accompli%$ art is1 & !n y w be able to apply y\r k to all s]vice :atsoev]4 ,i am n[ go+ to ask y\r p]mission to "n ! ma/]s :om ,i ?9k x w\ld be well if we c\ld agree1 9 our ,s*ools ( ,art 9 ,engl&1 to consid] our lead]s4 ,! fir/ & *ief ,i w n myself presume to "n2 he %all be di/+ui%$ = y by ! au?ority ( ^? two great pa9t]s ( :om we h j be5 speak+--,reynolds & ,velasquez4 ,y may rememb] t 9 y\r ,man*e/] ,art ,treasures ,exhibition ! mo/ impressive ?+s 7 ! works ( ^? two m5-- no?+ told ^u ! eye s mu*2 no o!r pictures reta9$ x ) su* a p]si/5t p[]4 ,n[1 ,i h ! te/imony1 fir/ ( ,reynolds to ,velasquez1 & !n ( ,velasquez to ! man :om ,i want y to take z ! ma/] ( all y\r ,engli% s*ools4 ,! te/imony ( ,reynolds to ,velasquez is v /rik+4 ,i take x f "s fragm5ts :i* h j be5 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,william ,cotton--preci\s fragm5ts--( ,reynolds' di>ies1 :i* ,i *anc$ ^u luckily z ,i 0 com+ d[n "h3 = ,i 0 go+ to take ,velasquez' te/imony alone1 & !n fell ^u ?is te/imony ( ,reynolds to ,velasquez1 writt5 mo/ =tunately 9 ,reynolds' own h&-y may see ! manuscript4 ,:at we are all1 said ,reynolds1 attempt+ to d ) great labor1 ,velasquez does at once4 ,j ?9k :at is impli$ :5 a man ( ! enorm\s p[] & facility t ,reynolds _h1 says he 0 try+ to d ) great labor :at ,velasquez did at once4 ,hav+ ?us ,reynolds' te/imony to ,velasquez1 ,i w take ,velasquez' te/imony to somebody else4 ,y "k t ,velasquez 0 s5t by ,philip ( ,spa9 to ,italy1 to buy pictures = him4 ,he w5t all ov] ,italy1 saw ! liv+ arti/s !re1 & all _! be/ pictures :5 fre%ly pa9t$1 s t he _h e opportunity ( judg+2 & nev] 0 a man s capable ( judg+4 ,he w5t to ,rome & ord]$ v>i\s works ( liv+ arti/s2 & :ile !re1 he 0 "o day ask$ by ,salvator ,rosa :at he ?\ght ( ,raphael4 ,8 reply1 & ! ensu+ conv]sation1 are ?us report$ by ,bos*9i1 9 curi\s ,italian v]se1 :i*1 ?us translat$ by ,dr4 ,donaldson1 is quot$ 9 ,mr4 ,/irl+'s ,life ( ,velasquez3-- ,! ma/] ,velasquez /iffly b[$ 8 figure tall ,& said1 ',= ,rafael1 to speak ! tru?-- ,i always 0 pla9-spok5 f my y\?-- ,i _c say ,i l 8 works at all4' ',well1' said ! o!r ,salvator1 'if y c run d[n ,s great a man1 ,i really _c see ,:at y c f9d to l 9 ,italy2 ,to him we all agree to give ! cr[n4' ,diego answ]$ ?us3 ',i saw 9 ,v5ice ,! true te/ ( ! good & beautiful2 ,fir/ 9 my judgm5t1 ev] /&s t s*ool1 ,& ,titian fir/ ( all ,italian m5 is4' ,tizian ze quel die porta la b&i]a ,le>n t l9e by he>t & act1 at all ev5ts = "s "t to come1 ^u ,velasquez' op9ion 9 t matt]4 ,titian is mu* ! safe/ ma/] = y4 ,raphael's p[]1 su* z x *>act]s 9 8 m9d2 x is ,raphaelesque1 prop]ly s call$2 b ,titian's p[] is simply ! p[] ( do+ "r4 ,:atev] came be=e ,titian1 he did :olly z x ought to be done4 ,d n suppose t n[ 9 recomm5d+ ,titian to y s /rongly1 & speak+ ( nobody else to-night1 ,i am retreat+ 9 anywise f :at "s ( y may p]haps recollect 9 my works1 ! en?usiasm ) :i* ,i h always spok5 ( ano!r ,v5etian pa9t]4 ,!re are ?ree ,v5etians :o are nev] sep>at$ 9 my m9d--,titian1 ,v]onese1 & ,t9toret4 ,!y all h _! own unequall$ gifts1 & ,t9toret especially has imag9ation & dep? ( s\l :i* ,i ?9k r5d]s him indisputably ! greate/ man2 b1 equally indisputably1 ,titian is ! greate/ pa9t]2 & !re=e ! greate/ pa9t] :o ev] liv$4 ,y may be l$ wrong by ,t9toret ,footnote3 ,see ,app5dix ,i4--,"r & ,wrong4 9 _m respects1 wrong by ,raphael 9 m2 all t y le>n f ,titian w be "r4 ,!n1 ) ,titian1 take ,leon>do1 ,rembr&t1 & ,alb]t ,dr]4 ,i "n ^? ?ree ma/]s = ?is reason3 ,leon>do has p[]s ( subtle draw+ :i* are peculi>ly applicable 9 _m ways to ! draw+ ( f9e ornam5t1 & are v useful = all /ud5ts4 ,rembr&t & ,dr] are ! only m5 ^: actual "w ( h& y c h to look at2 y c h ,rembr&t's et*+s1 or ,dr]'s engrav+s actually hung 9 y\r s*ools2 & x is a ma9 po9t = ! /ud5t to see ! real ?+1 & avoid judg+ ( ma/]s at second-h&4 ,z1 h[ev]1 9 obey+ ?is pr9ciple1 y _c (t5 h opportunities ( /udy+ ,v5etian pa9t+1 x is desirable t y %\ld h a useful /&>d ( col\r1 & ,i ?9k x is possible = y to obta9 ?is4 ,i _c1 inde$1 )\t ent]+ ^u gr\nd :i* might involve ! hurt+ ! feel+s ( liv+ arti/s1 /ate exactly :at ,i believe to be ! relative position ( v>i\s pa9t]s 9 ,engl& at pres5t ) respect to p[] ( col\r4 ,b ,i may say ?is1 t 9 ! peculi> gifts ( col\r :i* w be useful to y z /ud5ts1 !re are only "o or two ( ! pre-,raphaelites1 & ,william ,hunt1 ( ! old ,wat] ,col\r ,society1 :o w\ld be safe guides = y3 & z q a safe guide1 !re is nobody b ,william ,hunt1 because ! pre-,raphaelites are all m or less affect$ by en?usiasm & by v>i\s morbid conditions ( intellect & temp]2 b old ,william ,hunt--,i am sorry to say old1 b ,i say x 9 a lov+ way1 = e ye> t has add$ to 8 life has add$ also to 8 skill--,william ,hunt is z "r z ! ,v5etians1 z f> z he goes1 & :at is m1 ne>ly z inimitable z !y4 ,& ,i ?9k if we manage to put 9 ! pr9cipal s*ools ( ,engl& a little bit ( ,hunt's "w1 & make t some:at ( a /&>d ( col\r1 t we c apply 8 pr9ciples ( col\r+ to subjects ( all k9ds4 ,until y h _h a "w ( 8 long ne> y2 nay1 unless y h be5 lab\r+ at x1 & try+ to copy x1 y d n "k ! ?or\ghly gr& qualities t are conc5trat$ 9 x4 ,simplicity1 & int5sity1 bo? ( ! highe/ "*2-- simplicity ( aim1 & int5sity ( p[] & success1 are involv$ 9 t man's unpret5d+ lab\r4 ,f9ally1 y _c believe t ,i w\ld omit my own fav\rite1 ,turn]4 ,i fe> f ! v numb] ( 8 works left to ! nation1 t !re is a disposition n[ ris+ to look ^u 8 va/ beque/ ) "s contempt4 ,i beg ( y1 if 9 no?+ else1 to believe me 9 ?is1 t y _c fur!r ! art ( ,engl& 9 any way m di/9ctly ?an by giv+ att5tion to e fragm5t t has be5 left by t man4 ,! "t w come :5 8 full p[] & "r place w be ackn[l$g$2 t "t w n be = _m a day yet3 nev]!less1 be assur$--z f> z y are incl9$ to give ! lea/ fai? to any?+ ,i may say to y1 be assur$--t y c act = ! good ( art 9 ,engl& 9 no bett] way ?an by us+ :atev] influ5ce any ( y h 9 any direction to urge ! rev]5t /udy & yet m rev]5t pres]vation ( ! works ( ,turn]4 ,i d n say ! exhibition ( 8 works1 = we are n altoge!r ripe = x3 !y are /ill too f> above u2 unit+1 z ,i 0 tell+ y1 too _m qualities = u yet to feel fully _! range & _! influ5ce2-- b let u only try to keep !m safe f h>m1 & %[ ?or\ghly & conv5i5tly :at we %[ ( !m at all1 & day by day _! greatness w dawn ^u u m & m1 & be ! root ( a s*ool ( art 9 ,engl&1 :i* ,i d n d\bt may be z bright1 z j1 & z ref9$ z ev5 t ( ,v5ice h]self4 ,! dom9ion ( ! sea seems to h be5 associat$1 9 pa/ "t1 ) dom9ion 9 ! arts also3 ,a!ns _h !m toge!r2 ,v5ice _h !m toge!r2 b by s mu* z our au?ority ov] ! ocean is wid] ?an !irs ov] ! gean or ,adriatic1 let u /rive to make our art m widely b5efic5t ?an !irs1 ?\gh x _c be m exalt$2 s work+ out ! fulfilm5t1 9 _! wak5+ z well z _! w>n+ s5se1 ( ^? great words ( ! ag$ ,t9toret3 ,sempre si fa il m>e maggiore4 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,mod]n ,,manufacture ,,& ,,design4 ,a ,lecture deliv]$ at ,brad=d1 ,m>*1 #ahei4 ,x is ) a deep s5se ( necessity = y\r indulg5ce t ,i v5ture to address y to-night1 or t ,i v5ture at any "t to address ! pupils ( s*ools ( design int5d$ = ! advancem5t ( ta/e 9 special bran*es ( manufacture4 ,no p]son is able to give useful & def9ite help t[>ds su* special applications ( art1 unless he is entirely famili> ) ! conditions ( lab\r & natures ( mat]ial involv$ 9 ! "w2 & indef9ite help is little bett] ?an no help at all4 ,nay1 ! few rem>ks :i* ,i propose to lay be=e y ?is ev5+ w1 ,i fe>1 be r sugge/ive ( difficulties ?an helpful 9 conqu]+ !m3 nev]!less1 x may n be altoge!r uns]viceable to def9e cle>ly = y 7& ?is1 at lea/1 ,i am able to d7 "o or two ( ! m /]n g5]al ob/acles :i* /& at pres5t 9 ! way ( our success 9 design2 & to w>n y aga9/ ex]tion ( ef=t 9 any va9 or wa/eful way1 till ^! ma9 ob/acles are remov$4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is our n und]/&+ ! scope & dignity ( ,decorative design4 ,) all our talk ab\t x1 ! v mean+ ( ! words ,decorative art rema9s confus$ & undecid$4 ,i want1 if possible1 to settle ?is "q = y to-night1 & to %[ y t ! pr9ciples on :i* y mu/ "w are likely to be false1 9 proportion z !y are n>r[2 true1 only z !y are f\nd$ on a p]ception ( ! connection ( all bran*es ( art ) ea* o!r4 ,obs]ve1 !n1 fir/--! only ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 ,decorative & o!r art is ! be+ fitt$ = a fix$ place2 & 9 t place1 relat$1 ei!r 9 subord9ation or comm&1 to ! effect ( o!r pieces ( art4 ,& all ! greate/ art :i* ! _w has produc$ is ?us fitt$ = a place1 & subord9at$ to a purpose4 ,!re is no exi/+ highe/-ord] art b is decorative4 ,! be/ sculpture yet produc$ has be5 ! decoration ( a temple front--! be/ pa9t+1 ! decoration ( a room4 ,raphael's be/ do+ is m]ely ! wall- col\r+ ( a suite ( ap>tm5ts 9 ! ,vatican1 & 8 c>toons 7 made = tape/ries4 ,correggio's be/ do+ is ! decoration ( two small *ur* cupolas at ,p>ma2 ,mi*ael ,angelo's ( a ceil+ 9 ! ,pope's private *apel2 ,t9toret's1 ( a ceil+ & side wall belong+ to a *>itable society at ,v5ice2 :ile ,titian & ,v]onese ?rew out _! noble/ ?\ghts1 n ev5 on ! inside1 b on ! outside ( ! common brick & pla/] walls ( ,v5ice4 ,get rid1 !n1 at once ( any idea ( ,decorative art be+ a degrad$ or a sep>ate k9d ( art4 ,its nature or ess5ce is simply its be+ fitt$ = a def9ite place2 &1 9 t place1 =m+ "p ( a great & h>moni\s :ole1 9 companion%ip ) o!r art2 & s f> f ?is be+ a degradation to x--s f> f ,decorative art be+ inf]ior to o!r art because x is fix$ to a spot--on ! :ole x may be consid]$ z r a piece ( degradation t x %\ld be portable4 ,portable art--indep5d5t ( all place--is = ! mo/ "p ignoble art4 ,y\r little ,dut* l&scape1 :i* y put ov] y\r sidebo>d to-day1 & betwe5 ! w9d[s tomorr[1 is a f> m contemptible piece ( "w ?an ! ext5ts ( field & =e/ ) :i* ,b5ozzo has made gre5 & beautiful ! once melan*oly arcade ( ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa2 & ! wild bo> ( silv] :i* y use = a seal1 or lock into a velvet case1 is little likely to be s noble a bea/ z ! bronze bo> :o foams =? ! f\nta9 f "u 8 tusks 9 ! m>ket-place ( ,flor5ce4 ,x is1 inde$1 possible t ! portable picture or image may be fir/-rate ( its k9d1 b x is n fir/-rate because x is portable2 nor are ,titian's frescoes less ?an fir/-rate because !y are fix$2 nay1 v frequ5tly ! highe/ complim5t y c pay to a cab9et picture is to say--,x is z gr& z a fresco4 ,keep+1 !n1 ?is fact fix$ 9 our m9ds1--t all art may be decorative1 & t ! greate/ art yet produc$ has be5 decorative1--we may proce$ to di/+ui% ! ord]s & dignities ( decorative art1 ?us3-- ,i4 ,! fir/ ord] ( x is t :i* is meant = places :]e x _c be di/urb$ or injur$1 & :]e x c be p]fectly se52 & !n ! ma9 p>ts ( x %\ld be1 & h always be5 made1 by ! great ma/]s1 z p]fect1 & z full ( nature z possible4 ,y w e day he> x absurdly said t room decoration %\ld be by flat patt]ns--by dead col\rs--by conv5tional monotonies1 & ,i "k n :at4 ,n[1 j be assur$ ( ?is--nobody ev] yet us$ conv5tional art to decorate )1 :5 he c\ld d any?+ bett]1 & knew t :at he did w\ld be safe4 ,nay1 a great pa9t] w always give y ! natural art1 safe or n4 ,correggio gets a commission to pa9t a room on ! gr\nd floor ( a palace at ,p>ma3 any ( our p--br$ on our f9e mod]n pr9ciples--w\ld h cov]$ x ) a diap]1 or ) /ripes or fl\ri%es1 or mosaic patt]ns4 ,n s ,correggio3 he pa9ts a ?ick trellis ( v9e-leaves1 ) oval op5+s1 & lovely *ildr5 leap+ ?r\gh !m into ! room2 & lovely *ildr51 dep5d ^u x1 are r m desirable decorations ?an diap]1 if y c d !m--b !y are n q s easily done4 ,9 l mann] ,t9toret has to pa9t ! :ole end ( ! ,c\ncil ,hall at ,v5ice4 ,an or?odox decorator w\ld h set himself to make ! wall look l a wall--,t9toret ?9ks x w\ld be r bett]1 if he c manage x1 to make x look a little l ,p>adise2-- /ret*es 8 canvas "r ov] ! wall1 & 8 cl\ds "r ov] 8 canvas2 br+s ! light ?r\gh 8 cl\ds--all blue & cle>--zodiac beyond zodiac2 rolls away ! vapor\s flood f "u ! feet ( sa9ts1 leav+ !m at la/ 9 inf9itudes ( light--unor?odox 9 ! la/ degree1 b1 on ! :ole1 pleasant4 ,& s 9 all o!r cases :atev]1 ! greate/ decorative art is :olly unconv5tional--d[nright1 pure1 good pa9t+ & sculpture1 b always fitt$ = its place2 & subord9at$ to ! purpose x has to s]ve 9 t place4 ,,ii4 ,b if art is to be plac$ :]e x is liable to injury--to we> & te>2 or to alt]ation ( its =m2 z1 = in/ance1 on dome/ic ut5sils1 & arm\r1 & weapons1 & dress2 9 :i* ei!r ! ornam5t w be worn out by ! usage ( ! ?+1 or w be ca/ into alt]$ %ape by ! play ( its folds2 !n x is wrong to put beautiful & p]fect art to su* uses1 & y want =ms ( inf]ior art1 su* z w be by _! simplicity less liable to injury2 or1 by reason ( _! complexity & cont9u\sness1 may %[ to advantage1 h[ev] di/ort$ by ! folds !y are ca/ into4 ,& ?us arise ! v>i\s =ms ( inf]ior decorative art1 respect+ :i* ! g5]al law is1 t ! l[] ! place & (fice ( ! ?+1 ! less ( natural or p]fect =m y %\ld h 9 x2 a zigzag or a *equ] is ?us a bett]1 because a m consi/5t ornam5t = a cup or platt] ?an a l&scape or portrait is3 h5ce ! g5]al def9ition ( ! true =ms ( conv5tional ornam5t is1 t !y consi/ 9 ! be/[al ( z mu* beauty on ! object z %all be consi/5t ) its ,mat]ial1 its ,place1 & its ,(fice4 ,let u consid] ^! ?ree modes ( consi/5cy a little4 7,a47 ,conv5tionalism by cause ( ineffici5cy ( mat]ial4 ,if1 = in/ance1 we are requir$ to repres5t a human figure ) /one only1 we _c repres5t its col\r2 we r$uce its col\r to :it5ess4 ,t is n elevat+ ! human body1 b degrad+ x2 only x w\ld be a mu* great] degradation to give its col\r falsely4 ,dim9i% beauty z mu* z y w1 b d n misrepres5t x4 ,s aga91 :5 we are sculptur+ a face1 we c't c>ve its eyela%es4 ,! face is none ! bett] = want+ its eyela%es--x is injur$ by ! want2 b w\ld be mu* m injur$ by a clumsy repres5tation ( !m4 ,nei!r c we c>ve ! hair4 ,we mu/ be cont5t ) ! conv5tionalism ( vile solid knots & lumps ( m>ble1 in/ead ( ! gold5 cl\d t encompasses ! fair human face ) its wav+ my/]y4 ,! lumps ( m>ble are n an elevat$ repres5tation ( hair--!y are a degrad$ "o2 yet bett] ?an any attempt to imitate hair ) ! incapable mat]ial4 ,9 all cases 9 :i* su* imitation is attempt$1 in/ant degradation to a /ill l[] level is ! result4 ,= ! ef=t to imitate %[s t ! workman has only a base & poor conception ( ! beauty ( ! reality--else he w\ld "k 8 task to be hopeless1 & give x up at once2 s t all endeav\rs to avoid conv5tionalism1 :5 ! mat]ial dem&s x1 result f ins5sibility to tru?1 & are among ! wor/ =ms ( vulg>ity4 ,h5ce1 9 ! greate/ ,greek /atues1 ! hair is v slightly indicat$--n because ! sculptor disda9$ hair1 b because he knew :at x 0 too well to t\* x insol5tly4 ,i d n d\bt b t ! ,greek pa9t]s drew hair exactly z ,titian does4 ,mod]n attempts to produce f9i%$ pictures on glass result f ! same base vulg>ism4 ,no man :o kn[s :at pa9t+ means1 c endure a pa9t$ glass w9d[ :i* emulates pa9t]'s "w4 ,b he rejoices 9 a gl[+ mosaic ( brok5 col\r3 = t is :at ! glass has ! special gift & "r ( produc+4 ,footnote3 ,see ,app5dix ,,ii41 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's disappo9tm5t4 7,b47 ,conv5tionalism by cause ( inf]iority ( place4 ,:5 "w is to be se5 at a great di/ance1 or 9 d>k places1 or 9 "s o!r imp]fect way1 x con/antly becomes necess>y to treat x co>sely or sev]ely1 9 ord] to make x effective4 ,! /atues on ca!dral fronts1 9 good times ( design1 are v>i\sly treat$ accord+ to _! di/ances3 no f9e execution is put into ! features ( ! ,madonna :o rules ! gr\p ( figures above ! s\? transept ( ,r\5 at #aej feet above ! gr\nd2 b 9 base mod]n "w1 z ,milan ,ca!dral1 ! sculpture is f9i%$ )\t any ref]5ce to di/ance2 & ! m]it ( e /atue is suppos$ to consi/ 9 ! visitor's be+ oblig$ to asc5d ?ree hundr$ /eps be=e he c see x4 7,c47 ,conv5tionalism by cause ( inf]iority ( (fice4 ,:5 "o piece ( ornam5t is to be subord9at$ to ano!r 7z ! m\ld+ is to ! sculpture x encloses1 or ! fr+e ( a drap]y to ! /atue x veils71 ?is inf]ior ornam5t ne$s to be degrad$ 9 ord] to m>k its l[] (fice2 & ?is is be/ done by refus+1 m or less1 ! introduction ( natural =m4 ,! less ( nature x conta9s1 ! m degrad$ is ! ornam5t1 & ! fitt] = a humble place2 b1 h[ev] f> a great workman may g 9 refus+ ! high] organisms ( nature1 he always takes c>e to reta9 ! magnific5ce ( natural l9es2 t is to say1 ( ! inf9ite curves1 su* z ,i h analyz$ 9 ! f\r? volume ( ,mod]n ,pa9t]s4 ,8 copyi/s1 fancy+ t !y c foll[ him )\t nature1 miss precisely ! ess5ce ( all ! "w2 s t ev5 ! simple/ piece ( ,greek conv5tional ornam5t loses ! :ole ( its value 9 any mod]n imitation ( x1 ! f9] curves be+ always miss$4 ,p]haps "o ( ! dulle/ & lea/ ju/ifiable mi/akes :i* h yet be5 made ab\t my writ+1 is ! supposition t ,i h attack$ or despis$ ,greek "w4 ,i h attack$ ,palladian "w1 & mod]n imitation ( ,greek "w4 ,( ,greek "w itself ,i h nev] spok5 b ) a rev]5ce q inf9ite3 ,i "n ,phidias always 9 exactly ! same tone ) :i* ,i speak ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,titian1 & ,dante4 ,my fir/ /atem5t ( ?is fai?1 n[ ?irte5 ye>s ago1 0 surely cle> en\gh4 ,we %all see by ?is light ?ree colossal images /&+ up side by side1 loom+ 9 _! great re/ ( spirituality above ! :ole _w horizon4 ,phidias1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & ,dante1--f ^! we may g d[n /ep by /ep among ! mighty m5 ( e age1 securely & c]ta9ly obs]vant ( dim9i%$ lu/re 9 e appe>ance ( re/lessness & ef=t1 until ! la/ trace ( inspiration vani%es 9 ! tott]+ affectation or tortur$ insanities ( mod]n times4 7,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 vol4 ii41 p4 #bec47 ,?is 0 surely pla9 speak+ en\gh1 & f t day to ?is my ef=t has be5 n less cont9ually to make ! he>t ( ,greek "w kn[n ?an ! he>t ( ,go?ic3 namely1 ! nobl5ess ( conception ( =m d]iv$ f p]petual /udy ( ! figure2 & my compla9t ( ! mod]n ar*itect has be5 n t he foll[$ ! ,greeks1 b t he d5i$ ! fir/ laws ( life 9 !irs z 9 all o!r art4 ,! fact is1 t all good subord9ate =ms ( ornam5tation ev] yet exi/5t 9 ! _w h be5 inv5t$1 & o!rs z beautiful c only be inv5t$1 by m5 prim>ily ex]cis$ 9 draw+ or c>v+ ! human figure4 ,i w n repeat "h :at ,i h already twice insi/$ ^u1 to ! /ud5ts ( ,london & ,man*e/]1 respect+ ! degradation ( temp] & intellect :i* foll[s ! pursuit ( art )\t ref]5ce to natural =m1 z among ! ,asiatics3 "h1 ,i w only trespass on y\r pati5ce s f> z to m>k ! insep>able connection betwe5 figure-draw+ & good ornam5tal "w1 9 ! great ,european s*ools1 & all t are connect$ ) !m4 ,tell me1 !n1 fir/ ( all1 :at ornam5tal "w is usually put be=e our /ud5ts z ! type ( decorative p]fection8 ,raphael's arabesques2 are !y n8 ,well1 ,raphael knew a little ab\t ! figure1 ,i suppose1 be=e he drew !m4 ,i d n say t ,i l ^? arabesques2 b !re are c]ta9 qualities 9 !m :i* are inimitable by mod]n design]s2 & ^? qualities are j ! fruit ( ! ma/]'s figure /udy4 ,:at is giv5 ! /ud5t z next to ,raphael's "w8 ,c9quec5to ornam5t g5]ally4 ,well1 c9quec5to g5]ally1 ) its birds1 & *]ubs1 & wrea!d foliage1 & clu/]$ fruit1 0 ! amusem5t ( m5 :o habitually & easily c>v$ ! figure1 or pa9t$ x4 ,all ! truly f9e specim5s ( x h figures or animals z ma9 p>ts ( ! design4 ,nay1 b1 "s anci5tly or m$ivally m9d$ p]son w exclaim1 we don't want to /udy c9quec5to4 ,we want sev]]1 pur] conv5tionalism4 ,:at w y h8 ,egyptian ornam5t8 ,:y1 ! :ole mass ( x is made up ( multitud9\s human figures 9 e k9d ( action--& magnific5t action2 _! k+s draw+ _! b[s 9 _! *>iots1 _! %eaves ( arr[s rattl+ at _! %\ld]s2 ! sla9 fall+ "u !m z be=e a pe/il5ce2 _! captors driv5 be=e !m 9 a/oni$ troops2 & d y expect to imitate ,egyptian ornam5t )\t kn[+ h[ to draw ! human figure8 ,nay1 b y w take ,*ri/ian ornam5t--pure/ m$iaeval ,*ri/ian--?irte5? c5tury6 ,yes3 & d y suppose y w f9d ! ,*ri/ian less human8 ,! lea/ natural & mo/ purely conv5tional ornam5t ( ! ,go?ic s*ools is t ( _! pa9t$ glass2 & d y suppose pa9t$ glass1 9 ! f9e times1 0 ev] wr\ght )\t figures8 ,we h got into ! way1 among our o!r mod]n wret*$nesses1 ( try+ to make w9d[s ( leaf diap]s1 & ( /rips ( twi/$ r$ & yell[ b&s1 look+ l ! patt]ns ( currant jelly on ! top ( ,*ri/mas cakes2 b e casem5t ( old glass conta9$ a sa9t's hi/ory4 ,! w9d[s ( ,b\rges1 ,*>tres1 or ,r\5 h t51 fifte51 or tw5ty m$allions 9 ea*1 & ea* m$allion conta9s two figures at lea/1 (t5 six or sev51 repres5t+ e ev5t ( int]e/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! sa9t ^: life is 9 "q4 ,nay1 b1 y say ^? figures are rude & qua9t1 & ought n to be imitat$4 ,:y1 s is ! leafage rude & qua9t1 yet y imitate t4 ,! col\r$ bord] patt]n ( g]anium or ivy leaf is n "o :it bett] drawn1 or m l g]aniums & ivy1 ?an ! figures are l figures2 b y call ! g]anium leaf idealiz$--:y don't y call ! figures s8 ,! fact is1 nei!r are idealiz$1 b bo? are conv5tionaliz$ on ! same pr9ciples1 & 9 ! same way2 & if y want to le>n h[ to treat ! leafage1 ! only way is to le>n fir/ h[ to treat ! figure4 ,& y may soon te/ y\r p[]s 9 ?is respect4 ,^? old workm5 7 n afraid ( ! mo/ famili> subjects4 ,! w9d[s ( ,*>tres 7 pres5t$ by ! trades ( ! t[n1 & at ! bottom ( ea* w9d[ is a repres5tation ( ! proce$+s ( ! tradesm5 at ! bus9ess :i* enabl$ !m to pay = ! w9d[4 ,!re are smi?s at ! =ge1 curri]s at _! hides1 tann]s look+ into _! pits1 m]c]s sell+ goods ov] ! c\nt]--all made into beautiful m$allions4 ,!re=e1 :5ev] y want to "k :e!r y h got any real p[] ( composition or adaptation 9 ornam5t1 don't be cont5t ) /ick+ leaves toge!r by ! ends1--anybody c d t2 b try to conv5tionalize a but*]'s or a gre5groc]'s1 ) ,saturday night cu/om]s buy+ cabbage & beef4 ,t w tell y if y c design or n4 ,i c fancy y\r los+ pati5ce ) me altoge!r j n[4 ,we ask$ ?is fell[ d[n to tell our workm5 h[ to make %awls1 & he is only try+ to tea* !m h[ to c>icature4 ,b h a little pati5ce ) me1 & exam9e1 aft] ,i h done1 a little = y\rselves into ! hi/ory ( ornam5tal art1 & y w discov] :y ,i d ?is4 ,y w discov]1 ,i repeat1 t all great ornam5tal art :atev] is f\nd$ on ! ef=t ( ! workman to draw ! figure1 &1 9 ! be/ s*ools1 to draw all t he saw ab\t him 9 liv+ nature4 ,! be/ art ( pott]y is ackn[l$g$ to be t ( ,greece1 & all ! p[] ( design exhibit$ 9 x1 d[n to ! m]e/ zigzag1 arises prim>ily f ! workman hav+ be5 =c$ to outl9e nymphs & knights2 f ^? helm$ & drap$ figures he holds 8 p[]4 ,( ,egyptian ornam5t ,i h j spok54 ,y h ev]y?+ giv5 !re t ! workman saw2 p ( 8 nation employ$ 9 hunt+1 fight+1 fi%+1 visit+1 mak+ love1 build+1 cook+--ev]y?+ !y did is drawn1 magnific5tly or famili>ly1 z 0 ne$$4 ,9 ,byzant9e ornam5t1 sa9ts1 or animals :i* are types ( v>i\s spiritual p[]1 are ! ma9 subjects2 & f ! *ur* d[n to ! piece ( enamell$ metal1 figure1--figure1--figure1 always pr9cipal4 ,9 ,norman & ,go?ic "w y h1 ) all _! quiet sa9ts1 also o!r mu* disquiet$ p]sons1 hunt+1 fea/+1 fight+1 & s on2 or :ole hordes ( animals rac+ aft] ea* o!r4 ,9 ! ,bayeux tape/ry1 ,que5 ,matilda gave1 z well z %e c\ld1--9 _m respects graphically en\gh1--! :ole hi/ory ( ! conque/ ( ,engl&4 ,!nce1 z y increase 9 p[] ( art1 y h m & m f9i%$ figures1 up to ! solemn sculptures ( ,wells ,ca!dral1 or ! *]ubic enri*m5ts ( ! ,v5etian ,madonna dei ,miracoli4 ,!re=e1 ,i w tell y fe>lessly1 = ,i "k x is true1 y mu/ raise y\r workman up to life1 or y w nev] get f him "o l9e ( well-imag9$ conv5tionalism4 ,we h at pres5t no good ornam5tal design4 ,we c't h x yet1 & we mu/ be pati5t if we want to h x4 ,d n hope to feel ! effect ( y\r s*ools at once1 b raise ! m5 z high z y c1 & !n let !m /oop z l[ z y ne$2 no great man ev] m9ds /oop+4 ,enc\rage ! /ud5ts1 9 sket*+ accurately & cont9ually f nature any?+ t comes 9 _! way--/ill life1 fl[]s1 animals2 b1 above all1 figures2 & s f> z y all[ ( any diff]5ce betwe5 an arti/'s tra9+ & !irs1 let x be1 n 9 :at !y draw1 b 9 ! degree ( conv5tionalism y require 9 ! sket*4 ,= my own "p1 ,i %\ld always endeav\r to give ?or\gh arti/ical tra9+ fir/2 b ,i am n c]ta9 7! exp]im5t be+ yet untri$7 :at results may be obta9$ by a truly intellig5t practice ( conv5tional draw+1 su* z t ( ! ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 or ?irte5? c5tury ,fr5*1 :i* consi/s 9 ! utmo/ possible r5d]+ ( natural =m by ! fewe/ possible l9es4 ,! animal & bird draw+ ( ! ,egyptians is1 9 _! f9e age1 q magnific5t "u its conditions2 magnific5t 9 two ways--fir/1 9 ke5e/ p]ception ( ! ma9 =ms & facts 9 ! creature2 &1 secondly1 9 ! gr&eur ( l9e by :i* _! =ms are ab/ract$ & insi/$ on1 mak+ e asp1 ibis1 & vulture a sublime spectre ( asp or ibis or vulture p[]4 ,! way = /ud5ts to get "s ( ?is gift aga9 7"s only1 = ,i believe ! fulness ( ! gift itself to be connect$ ) vital sup]/ition1 & ) result+ int5sity ( rev]5ce2 p 7 likely to "k some?+ ab\t hawks & ibises1 :5 to kill "o 0 to be irrevocably judg$ to dea?7 is nev] to pass a day )\t draw+ "s animal f ! life1 all[+ !mselves ! fewe/ possible l9es & col\rs to d x )1 b resolv+ t :atev] is *>act]i/ic ( ! animal %all 9 "s way or o!r be %[n4 ,footnote3 ,plate #ge 9 ,vol4 ,v4 ( ,wilk9son's ,anci5t ,egypt w give ! /ud5t an idea ( h[ to set to "w4 ,i repeat1 x _c yet be judg$ :at results might be obta9$ by a nobly practis$ conv5tionalism ( ?is k9d2 b1 h[ev] t may be1 ! fir/ fact1--! necessity ( animal & figure draw+1 is absolutely c]ta91 & no p]son :o %r9ks f x w ev] become a great design]4 ,"o great good arises ev5 f ! fir/ /ep 9 figure draw+1 t x gets ! /ud5t quit at once ( ! notion ( =mal symmetry4 ,if y le>n only to draw a leaf well1 y are taught 9 "s ( our s*ools to turn x ! o!r way1 opposite to itself2 & ! two leaves set opposite ways are call$ a design3 & ?us x is suppos$ possible to produce ornam5tation1 ?\gh y h no m bra9s ?an a look+-glass or a kaleidoscope has4 ,b if y once le>n to draw ! human figure1 y w f9d t knock+ two m5's heads toge!r does n necess>ily con/itute a good design2 nay1 t x makes a v bad design1 or no design at all2 & y w see at once t to arrange a gr\p ( two or m figures1 y mu/1 ?\gh p]haps x may be desirable to balance1 or oppose !m1 at ! same "t v>y _! attitudes1 & make "o1 n ! rev]se ( ! o!r1 b ! companion ( ! o!r4 ,i _h a some:at amus+ discussion on ?is subject ) a fri5d1 only ! o!r day2 & "o ( 8 retorts ^u me 0 s neatly put1 & expresses s completely all t c ei!r be said or %[n on ! opposite side1 t x is well wor? :ile giv+ x y exactly 9 ! =m x 0 s5t to me4 ,my fri5d _h be5 ma9ta9+ t ! ess5ce ( ornam5t consi/$ 9 ?ree ?+s3--contra/1 s]ies1 & symmetry4 ,i repli$ 7by lett]7 t none ( !m1 nor all ( !m toge!r1 w\ld produce ornam5t4 ,"h--7mak+ a ragg$ blot ) ! back ( my p5 on ! pap]7--y h contra/2 b x isn't ornam5t3 "h1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1--7writ+ ! num]als7--,y h s]ies2 b x isn't ornam5t3 & "h1--7sket*+ a r\gh b symmetrical /ick- figure sket* ( a human body at ! side7--y h symmetry2 b x isn't ornam5t4 ,my fri5d repli$3-- ,y\r mat]ials 7 n ornam5t1 because y did n apply !m4 ,i s5d !m to y back1 made up into a *oice sport+ neck]*ief3 ,illu/ration3 ,sket* ( a squ>e ( clo? decorat$ ) a diagonal grid patt]n ( /ick-figure human =ms1 ) repeat$ & reflect$ ink-blot %apes at ! corn]s & ! digits #a ?r\gh #f arrang$ into simple symmetrical %apes & repeat$ ar\nd ! bord]4 ,symmetrical figure ,unit ( diap]4 ,contra/ ,corn] ornam5ts4 ,s]ies ,bord] ornam5ts4 ,ea* figure is conv]t$ into a h>mony by be+ revolv$ on its two axes1 ! :ole oppos$ 9 contra/+ s]ies4 ,my answ] 0--or r 0 to ! effect 7= ,i mu/ exp& x a little1 "h7--t 8 words1 because y did n apply !m1 conta9$ ! gi/ ( ! :ole matt]2--t ! application ( !m1 or any o!r ?+s1 0 precisely ! ess5ce ( design2 ! non- application1 or wrong application1 ! negation ( design3 t 8 use ( ! poor mat]ials 0 9 ?is case admirable2 & t if he c\ld expla9 to me1 9 cle> words1 ! pr9ciples on :i* he _h s us$ !m1 he w\ld be do+ a v great s]vice to all /ud5ts ( art4 ,tell me1 !re=e 7,i ask$71 ^! ma9 po9ts3 #a4 ,h[ did y det]m9e ! numb] ( figures y w\ld put into ! neck]*ief8 ,_h !re be5 m1 x w\ld h be5 mean & ineffective1--a pepp]-&-salt spr9kl+ ( figures4 ,_h !re be5 few]1 x w\ld h be5 mon/r\s4 ,h[ did y fix ! numb]8 #b4 ,h[ did y det]m9e ! bread? ( ! bord] & relative size ( ! num]als8 #c4 ,:y are !re two l9es outside ( ! bord]1 & "o only inside8 ,:y are !re no m l9es8 ,:y n ?ree & two1 or ?ree & five8 ,:y l9es at all to sep>ate ! b>b>\s figures2 & :y1 if l9es at all1 n d\ble or treble in/ead ( s+le8 #d4 ,:y did y put ! d\ble blots at ! corn]s8 ,:y n at ! angles ( ! *equ]s1--or 9 ! middle ( ! bord]8 ,x is precisely y\r kn[+ :y n to d ^! ?+s1 & :y to d j :at y h done1 :i* con/itut$ y\r p[] ( design2 & l all ! p ,i h ev] kn[n :o _h t p[]1 y are entirely unconsci\s ( ! ess5tial laws by :i* y "w1 & confuse o!r p by tell+ !m t ! design dep5ds on symmetry & s]ies1 :51 9 fact1 x dep5ds entirely on y\r own s5se & judgm5t4 ,?is 0 ! sub/ance ( my la/ answ]--to :i* 7z ,i knew be=eh& w\ld be ! case7 ,i got no reply2 b x /ill rema9s to be obs]v$ t ) all ! skill & ta/e 7especially involv+ ! ar*itect's great tru/1 h>mony ( proportion71 :i* my fri5d c\ld br+ to be> on ! mat]ials giv5 him1 ! result is /ill only--a sport+ neck]*ief--t is to say1 ! mat]ials address$1 fir/1 to recklessness1 9 ! %ape ( a m]e blot2 !n to computativ5ess 9 a s]ies ( figures2 & !n to absurdity & ignorance1 9 ! %ape ( an ill-drawn c>icature--su* mat]ials1 h[ev] treat$1 c only "w up into :at w please reckless1 computative1 & vulg> p]sons1--t is to say1 into a sport+ neck]*ief4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is piece ( ornam5tation & ,correggio's pa9t+ at ,p>ma lies simply & :olly 9 ! additions 7some:at l>ge ones71 ( tru? & ( t5d]ness3 9 ! draw+ be+ lovely z well z symmetrical-- & repres5tative ( realities z well z agreeably dispos$4 ,& tru?1 t5d]ness1 & inv5tive application or disposition are inde$ ! roots ( ornam5t--n contra/1 nor symmetry4 ,x ought yet f>!r to be obs]v$1 t ! nobl] ! mat]ials1 ! less _! symmetry is endurable4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 ! s5se ( fitness & ord]1 produc$ by ! repetition ( ! figures1 neutralizes1 9 "s degree1 _! reckless vulg>ity2 & is :olly1 !re=e1 b5efic5t to !m4 ,b draw ! figures bett]1 & _! repetition w become pa9ful4 ,y may h>mlessly balance a m]e geometrical =m1 & oppose "o quatrefoil or cusp by ano!r exactly l x4 ,b put two ,apollo ,belvid]es back to back1 & y w n ?9k ! symmetry improves !m4 ,:5ev] ! mat]ials ( ornam5t are noble1 !y mu/ be v>i\s2 & repetition ( p>ts is ei!r ! sign ( utt]ly bad1 hopeless1 & base "w2 or ( ! int5d$ degradation ( ! p>ts 9 :i* su* repetition is all[$1 9 ord] to foil o!rs m noble4 ,su*1 !n1 are a few ( ! great pr9ciples1 by ! en=cem5t ( :i* y may hope to promote ! success ( ! mod]n /ud5t ( design2 b rememb]1 none ( ^! pr9ciples w be useful at all1 unless y und]/& !m to be1 9 "o pr(\nd & /]n s5se1 useless4 ,footnote3 ,i %all endeav\r = ! future to put my self- contradictions 9 %ort s5t5ces & direct t]ms1 9 ord] to save sagaci\s p]sons ! tr\ble ( look+ = !m4 ,t is to say1 unless y feel t nei!r y nor ,i1 nor any "o1 c1 9 ! great ultimate s5se1 tea* anybody h[ to make a good design4 ,if design+ c\ld be taught1 all ! _w w\ld le>n3 z all ! _w reads--or calculates4 ,b design+ is n to be spell$1 nor summ$4 ,my m5 cont9ually come to me1 9 my draw+ class 9 ,london1 ?9k+ ,i am to tea* !m :at is in/antly to enable !m to ga9 _! bread4 ,please1 sir1 %[ u h[ to design4 ,make design]s ( u4 ,& y1 ,i d\bt n1 p>tly expect me to tell y to-night h[ to make design]s ( y\r ,brad=d y\?s4 ,alas6 ,i c\ld z soon tell y h[ to make or manufacture an e> ( :eat1 z to make a good arti/ ( any k9d4 ,i c analyze ! :eat v le>n$ly = y--tell y !re is />* 9 x1 & c>bon1 & silex4 ,i c give y />*1 & *>coal1 & fl9t2 b y are z f> f y\r e> ( :eat z y 7 be=e4 ,all t c possibly be done = any "o :o wants e>s ( :eat is to %[ !m :]e to f9d gra9s ( :eat1 & h[ to s[ !m1 & !n1 ) pati5ce1 9 ,heav5's "t1 ! e>s w come--or w p]haps come--gr\nd & wea!r p]mitt+4 ,s 9 ?is matt] ( mak+ arti/s--fir/ y mu/ f9d y\r arti/ 9 ! gra92 !n y mu/ plant him2 f5ce & we$ ! field ab\t him2 & ) pati5ce1 gr\nd & wea!r p]mitt+1 y may get an arti/ out ( him--n o!rwise4 ,& :at ,i h to speak to y ab\t1 tonight1 is ma9ly ! gr\nd & ! wea!r1 x be+ ! fir/ & q mo/ mat]ial "q 9 ?is matt]1 :e!r ! gr\nd & wea!r ( ,brad=d1 or ! gr\nd & wea!r ( ,engl& 9 g5]al1--suit :eat4 ,& obs]ve 9 ! outset1 x is n s mu* :at ! pres5t circum/ances ( ,engl& are1 z :at we wi% to make !m1 t we h to consid]4 ,if y w tell me :at y ultimately int5d ,brad=d to be1 p]haps ,i c tell y :at ,brad=d c ultimately produce4 ,b y mu/ h y\r m9ds cle>ly made up1 & be di/9ct 9 tell+ me :at y d want4 ,at pres5t ,i don't "k :at y are aim+ at1 & possibly on consid]ation y may feel "s d\bt :e!r y "k y\rselves4 ,z matt]s /&1 all ov] ,engl&1 z soon z "o mill is at "w1 occupy+ two hundr$ h&s1 we try1 by means ( x1 to set ano!r mill at "w1 occupy+ f\r hundr$4 ,t is all simple & compreh5sive en\gh--b :at is x to come to8 ,h[ _m mills d we want8 or d we inde$ want no end ( mills8 ,let u entirely und]/& ea* o!r on ?is po9t be=e we g any f>!r4 ,la/ week1 ,i drove f ,ro*dale to ,bolton ,abbey2 quietly1 9 ord] to see ! c\ntry1 & c]ta9ly x 0 well wor? :ile4 ,i nev] w5t ov] a m int]e/+ tw5ty miles ?an ^? betwe5 ,ro*dale & ,burnley4 ,naturally1 ! valley has be5 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful 9 ! ,lanca%ire hills2 "o ( ! f> away solitudes1 full ( old %eph]d ways ( life4 ,at ?is "t !re are n1--,i speak delib]ately1 & ,i believe q lit]ally1--!re are n1 ,i ?9k1 m ?an a ?\s& y>ds ( road to be trav]s$ any:]e1 )\t pass+ a furnace or mill4 ,n[1 is t ! k9d ( ?+ y want to come to ev]y:]e8 ,because1 if x be1 & y tell me s di/9ctly1 ,i ?9k ,i c make sev]al sugge/ions to-night1 & c\ld make m if y give me "t1 :i* w\ld mat]ially advance y\r object4 ,! ext5t ( our op]ations at pres5t is m or less limit$ by ! ext5t ( coal & iron/one1 b we h n yet le>n$ to make prop] use ( our clay4 ,ov] ! great] "p ( ,engl&1 s\? ( ! manufactur+ di/ricts1 !re are magnific5t b$s ( v>i\s k9ds ( useful clay2 & ,i believe t x w\ld n be difficult to po9t out modes ( employ+ x :i* might enable u to turn ne>ly ! :ole ( ! s\? ( ,engl& into a brickfield1 z we h already turn$ ne>ly ! :ole ( ! nor? into a coal-pit4 ,i say ne>ly ! :ole1 because1 z y are d\btless aw>e1 !re are consid]able di/ricts 9 ! s\? compos$ ( *alk r5[n$ up to ! pres5t "t = _! d[ns & mutton4 ,b1 ,i ?9k1 by exam9+ c>efully into ! conceivable uses ( *alk1 we might discov] a q feasible probability ( turn+ all ! *alk di/ricts into a limekiln1 z we turn ! clay di/ricts into a brickfield4 ,!re w\ld !n rema9 no?+ b ! m\nta9 di/ricts to be dealt )2 b1 z we h n yet asc]ta9$ all ! uses ( clay & *alk1 /ill less h we asc]ta9$ ^? ( /one2 & ,i ?9k1 by dra9+ ! useless inlets ( ! ,cumb]l&1 ,wel%1 & ,scot* lakes1 & turn+ !m1 ) _! riv]s1 into navigable res]voirs & canals1 !re w\ld be no difficulty 9 work+ ! :ole ( our m\nta9 di/ricts z a gigantic qu>ry ( slate & granite1 f :i* all ! re/ ( ! _w might be suppli$ ) ro(+ & build+ /one4 ,is ?is1 !n1 :at y want8 ,y are go+ /raight at x at pres5t2 & ,i h only to ask "u :at limitations ,i am to conceive or describe y\r f9al success8 ,or %all !re be no limitations8 ,!re are none to y\r p[]s2 e day puts new ma*9]y at y\r disposal1 & increases1 ) y\r capital1 ! va/ness ( y\r und]tak+s4 ,! *anges 9 ! /ate ( ?is c\ntry are n[ s rapid1 t x w\ld be :olly absurd to endeav\r to lay d[n laws ( art education = x "u its pres5t aspect & circum/ances2 & !re=e ,i mu/ necess>ily ask1 h[ mu* ( x d y s]i\sly int5d )9 ! next fifty ye>s to be coal-pit1 brickfield1 or qu>ry8 ,= ! sake ( di/9ctness ( conclusion1 ,i w suppose y\r success absolute3 t f %ore to %ore ! :ole ( ! isl& is to be set z ?ick ) *imneys z ! ma/s /& 9 ! docks ( ,liv]pool3 & !re %all be no mead[s 9 x2 no trees2 no g>d5s2 only a little corn gr[n ^u ! h\setops1 reap$ & ?re%$ by /eam3 t y d n leave ev5 room = roads1 b travel ei!r ov] ! ro(s ( y\r mills1 on viaducts2 or "u _! floors1 9 tunnels3 t1 ! smoke hav+ r5d]$ ! light ( ! sun uns]viceable1 y "w always by ! light ( y\r own gas3 t no acre ( ,engli% gr\nd %all be )\t its %aft & its eng9e2 & !re=e1 no spot ( ,engli% gr\nd left1 on :i* x %all be possible to /&1 )\t a def9ite & calculable *ance ( be+ bl[n (f x1 at any mom5t1 into small pieces4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 7if ?is is to be ! future ( ,engl&17 no design+ or any o!r developm5t ( beautiful art w be possible4 ,d n vex y\r m9ds1 nor wa/e y\r money ) any ?\ght or ef=t 9 ! matt]4 ,beautiful art c only be produc$ by p :o h beautiful ?+s ab\t !m1 & leisure to look at !m2 & unless y provide "s elem5ts ( beauty = y\r workm5 to be surr\nd$ by1 y w f9d t no elem5ts ( beauty c be inv5t$ by !m4 ,i 0 /ruck =cibly by ! be>+ ( ?is great fact ^u our mod]n ef=ts at ornam5tation 9 an aft]noon walk1 la/ week1 9 ! suburbs ( "o ( our l>ge manufactur+ t[ns4 ,i 0 ?9k+ ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! effect ^u ! design]'s m9d1 betwe5 ! sc5e :i* ,i !n came ^u1 & ! sc5e :i* w\ld h pres5t$ itself to ! eyes ( any design] ( ! middle ages1 :5 he left 8 work%op4 ,j outside ! t[n ,i came ^u an old ,engli% cottage1 or mansion1 ,i h>dly "k :i* to call x1 set close "u ! hill1 & beside ! riv]1 p]haps built some:]e 9 ! ,*>les's "t1 ) mullion$ w9d[s & a l[ ar*$ por*2 r\nd :i*1 9 ! little triangul> g>d51 "o c imag9e ! family z !y us$ to sit 9 old summ] times1 ! ripple ( ! riv] he>d fa9tly ?r\gh ! sweetbri] h$ge1 & ! %eep on ! f>-(f wolds %9+ 9 ! ev5+ sunlight4 ,!re1 un9habit$ = _m & _m a ye>1 x _h be5 left 9 unreg>d$ havoc ( ru92 ! g>d5-gate /ill swung loose to its lat*2 ! g>d51 blight$ utt]ly into a field ( a%es1 n ev5 a we$ tak+ root !re2 ! ro( torn into %apeless r5ts2 ! %utt]s hang+ ab\t ! w9d[s 9 rags ( rott5 wood2 be=e its gate1 ! /ream :i* _h gladd5$ x n[ soak+ sl[ly by1 black z ebony1 & ?ick ) curdl+ scum2 ! bank above x trodd5 into unctu\s1 sooty slime3 f> 9 front ( x1 betwe5 x & ! old hills1 ! furnaces ( ! city foam+ =? p]petual plague ( sulphur\s d>kness2 ! volumes ( _! /orm cl\ds coil+ l[ ov] a wa/e ( grassless fields1 f5c$ f ea* o!r1 n by h$ges1 b by slabs ( squ>e /one1 l grave/ones1 rivet$ toge!r ) iron4 ,t 0 y\r sc5e = ! design]'s contemplation 9 8 aft]noon walk at ,ro*dale4 ,n[ fancy :at 0 ! sc5e :i* pres5t$ itself1 9 8 aft]noon walk1 to a design] ( ! ,go?ic s*ool ( ,pisa--,n9o ,pisano1 or any ( 8 m54 ,on ea* side ( a bright riv] he saw rise a l9e ( bright] palaces1 ar*$ & pill>$1 & inlaid ) deep r$ porphyry1 & ) s]p5t9e2 along ! quays be=e _! gates 7 rid+ troops ( knights1 noble 9 face & =m1 dazzl+ 9 cre/ & %ield2 horse & man "o labyr9? ( qua9t col\r & gleam+ light--! purple1 & silv]1 & sc>let fr+es fl[+ ov] ! /rong limbs & cla%+ mail1 l sea-waves ov] rocks at sunset4 ,op5+ on ea* side f ! riv] 7 g>d5s1 c\rts1 & cloi/]s2 long successions ( :ite pill>s among wrea?s ( v9e2 leap+ ( f\nta9s ?r\gh buds ( pomegranate & orange3 & /ill along ! g>d5-pa?s1 & "u & ?r\gh ! crimson ( ! pomegranate %ad[s1 mov+ sl[ly1 gr\ps ( ! faire/ wom5 t ,italy ev] saw--faire/1 because pure/ & ?\ghtfulle/2 tra9$ 9 all high k1 z 9 all c\rte\s art--9 dance1 9 song1 9 sweet wit1 9 l(ty le>n+1 9 l(ti] c\rage1 9 l(tie/ love--able alike to *e]1 to en*ant1 or save1 ! s\ls ( m54 ,above all ?is sc5]y ( p]fect human life1 rose dome & bell-t[]1 burn+ ) :ite alaba/] & gold2 beyond dome & bell-t[] ! slopes ( mighty hills1 ho>y ) olive2 f> 9 ! nor?1 above a purple sea ( peaks ( solemn ,ap5n9e1 ! cle>1 %>p-clov5 ,c>r>a m\nta9s s5t up _! /eadfa/ flames ( m>ble summit into amb] sky2 ! great sea itself1 scor*+ ) expanse ( light1 /ret*+ f _! feet to ! ,gorgonian isles2 & ov] all ^!1 ev] pres5t1 ne> or f>-- se5 ?r\gh ! leaves ( v9e1 or imag$ ) all its m>* ( cl\ds 9 ! ,arno's /ream1 or set ) its dep? ( blue close aga9/ ! gold5 hair & burn+ *eek ( lady & knight1--t untr\bl$ & sacr$ sky1 :i* 0 to all m51 9 ^? days ( innoc5t fai?1 inde$ ! unque/ion$ abode ( spirits1 z ! e>? 0 ( m52 & :i* op5$ /raight ?r\gh its gates ( cl\d & veils ( dew into ! awfulness ( ! et]nal _w2--a heav5 9 :i* e cl\d t pass$ 0 lit]ally ! *>iot ( an angel1 & e ray ( its ,ev5+ & ,morn+ /ream$ f ! ?rone ( ,god4 ,:at ?9k y ( t = a s*ool ( design8 ,i d n br+ ?is contra/ be=e y z a gr\nd ( hopelessness 9 our task2 nei!r d ,i look = any possible r5ovation ( ! ,republic ( ,pisa1 at ,brad=d1 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury2 b ,i put x be=e y 9 ord] t y may be aw>e precisely ( ! k9d ( difficulty y h to meet1 & may !n consid] ) y\rselves h[ f> y c meet x4 ,to m5 surr\nd$ by ! depress+ & monoton\s circum/ances ( ,engli% manufactur+ life1 dep5d ^u x1 design is simply impossible4 ,?is is ! mo/ di/9ct ( all ! exp]i5ces ,i h _h 9 deal+ ) ! mod]n workman4 ,he is intellig5t & +5i\s 9 ! highe/ degree--subtle 9 t\* & ke5 9 sight3 b he is1 g5]ally speak+1 :olly de/itute ( design+ p[]4 ,& if y want to give him ! p[]1 y mu/ give him ! mat]ials1 & put him 9 ! circum/ances = x4 ,design is n ! (fspr+ ( idle fancy3 x is ! /udi$ result ( accumulative obs]vation & delightful habit4 ,)\t obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 no design-- )\t peace & pleasurabl5ess 9 occupation1 no design--& all ! lectur+s1 & tea*+s1 & prizes1 & pr9ciples ( art1 9 ! _w1 are ( no use1 s long z y don't surr\nd y\r m5 ) happy influ5ces & beautiful ?+s4 ,x is impossible = !m to h "r ideas ab\t col\r1 unless !y see ! lovely col\rs ( nature unspoil$2 impossible = !m to supply beautiful incid5t & action 9 _! ornam5t1 unless !y see beautiful incid5t & action 9 ! _w ab\t !m4 ,in=m _! m9ds1 ref9e _! habits1 & y =m & ref9e _! designs2 b keep !m illit]ate1 uncom=table1 & 9 ! mid/ ( unbeautiful ?+s1 & :atev] !y d w /ill be spuri\s1 vulg>1 & valueless4 ,i repeat1 t ,i d n ask y nor wi% y to build a new ,pisa = !m4 ,we don't want ei!r ! life or ! decorations ( ! ?irte5? c5tury back aga92 & ! circum/ances ) :i* y mu/ surr\nd y\r workm5 are ^? simply ( happy mod]n ,engli% life1 because ! designs y h n[ to ask = f y\r workm5 are su* z w make mod]n ,engli% life beautiful4 ,all t gorge\sness ( ! middle ages1 beautiful z x s\nds 9 description1 noble z 9 _m respects x 0 9 reality1 _h1 nev]!less1 = f\ndation & = end1 no?+ b ! pride ( life--! pride ( ! s-call$ sup]ior classes2 a pride :i* support$ itself by viol5ce & robb]y1 & l$ 9 ! end to ! de/ruction bo? ( ! arts !mselves & ! ,/ates 9 :i* !y n\ri%$4 ,! great lesson ( hi/ory is1 t all ! f9e arts hi!rto--hav+ be5 support$ by ! selfi% p[] ( ! noblesse1 & nev] hav+ ext5d$ _! range to ! com=t or ! relief ( ! mass ( ! p--! arts1 ,i say1 ?us practis$1 & ?us matur$1 h only accel]at$ ! ru9 ( ! ,/ates !y adorn$2 & at ! mom5t :51 9 any k+dom1 y po9t to ! triumphs ( its greate/ arti/s1 y po9t also to ! det]m9$ h\r ( ! k+dom's decl9e4 ,! names ( great pa9t]s are l pass+ bells3 9 ! "n ( ,velasquez1 y he> s\nd$ ! fall ( ,spa92 9 ! "n ( ,titian1 t ( ,v5ice2 9 ! "n ( ,leon>do1 t ( ,milan2 9 ! "n ( ,raphael1 t ( ,rome4 ,& !re is pr(\nd ju/ice 9 ?is2 = 9 proportion to ! nobl5ess ( ! p[] is ! guilt ( its use = purposes va9 or vile2 & hi!rto ! great] ! art1 ! m surely has x be5 us$1 & us$ solely1 = ! decoration ( pride1 ,footnote3 ,:e!r religi\s or pr(ane pride1--*apel or banquet+ room1--is no matt]4 or ! provok+ ( s5suality4 ,ano!r c\rse lies op5 to u4 ,we may ab&on ! hope--or if y l ! words bett]--we may disda9 ! temptation1 ( ! pomp & grace ( ,italy 9 h] y\?4 ,= u !re c be no m ! ?rone ( m>ble--= u no m ! vault ( gold--b = u !re is ! l(ti] & loveli] privilege ( br++ ! p[] & *>m ( art )9 ! rea* ( ! humble & ! poor2 & z ! magnific5ce ( pa/ ages fail$ by its n>r[ness & its pride1 ours may prevail & cont9ue1 by its univ]sality & its l[l9ess4 ,& ?us1 betwe5 ! picture ( too labori\s ,engl&1 :i* we imag9$ z future1 & ! picture ( too luxuri\s ,italy1 :i* we rememb] 9 ! pa/1 !re may exi/--!re w exi/1 if we d our duty--an int]m$iate condition1 nei!r oppress$ by lab\r nor wa/$ 9 vanity--! condition ( a peaceful & ?\ghtful temp]ance 9 aims1 & acts1 & arts4 ,we are ab\t to ent] ^u a p]iod ( our _w's hi/ory 9 :i* dome/ic life1 aid$ by ! arts ( peace1 w sl[ly1 b at la/ entirely1 sup]s$e public life & ! arts ( w>4 ,= our own ,engl&1 %e w n1 ,i believe1 be bla/$ ?r\gh\t ) furnaces2 nor w %e be encumb]$ ) palaces4 ,i tru/ %e w keep h] gre5 fields1 h] cottages1 & h] homes ( middle life2 b ^! ought to be1 & ,i tru/ w be enri*$ ) a useful1 tru?ful1 sub/antial =m ( art4 ,we want n[ no m fea/s ( ! gods1 nor m>tyrdoms ( ! sa9ts2 we h no ne$ ( s5suality1 no place = sup]/ition1 or = co/ly insol5ce4 ,let u h le>n$ & fai?ful hi/orical pa9t+--t\*+ & ?\ghtful repres5tations ( human nature1 9 dramatic pa9t+2 poetical & famili> r5d]+s ( natural objects & ( l&scape2 & rational1 deeply-felt realizations ( ! ev5ts :i* are ! subjects ( our religi\s fai?4 ,& let ^! ?+s we want1 z f> z possible1 be scatt]$ abroad & made accessible to all m54 ,s also1 9 manufacture3 we require "w sub/antial r ?an ri* 9 make2 & ref9$1 r ?an spl5did 9 design4 ,y\r /uffs ne$ n be su* z w\ld cat* ! eye ( a du*ess2 b !y %\ld be su* z may at once s]ve ! ne$1 & ref9e ! ta/e1 ( a cottag]4 ,! prevail+ error 9 ,engli% dress1 especially among ! l[] ord]s1 is a t5d5cy to flims9ess & gaud9ess1 aris+ ma9ly f ! awkw>d imitation ( _! sup]iors4 ,footnote3 ,if _! sup]iors w\ld give !m simplicity & economy to imitate1 x w\ld1 9 ! issue1 be well = !mselves1 z well z = ^? :om !y guide4 ,! typhoid fev] ( passion = dress1 & all o!r display1 :i* has /ruck ! upp] classes ( ,europe at ?is "t1 is "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s political elem5ts we h to deal )4 ,its wick$ness ,i h %[n else:]e 7,polit4 ,economy ( ,art1 p4 #fb1 et seq472 b its wick$ness is1 9 ! m9ds ( mo/ p]sons1 a matt] ( no importance4 ,i wi% ,i _h "t also to %[ !m its dang]4 ,i _c ent] "h into political inve/igation2 b ?is is a c]ta9 fact1 t ! wa/eful & va9 exp5ses at pres5t indulg$ 9 by ! upp] classes are ha/5+ ! advance ( republicanism m ?an any o!r elem5t ( mod]n *ange4 ,no agitators1 no clubs1 no epidemical errors1 ev] 71 or w be1 fatal to social ord] 9 any nation4 ,no?+ b ! guilt ( ! upp] classes1 wanton1 accumulat$1 reckless1 & m]ciless1 ev] ov]?r[s !m ,( su* guilt !y h n[ mu* to answ] =--let !m look to x 9 "t4 ,x %\ld be "o ( ! fir/ objects ( all manufactur]s to produce /uffs n only beautiful & qua9t 9 design1 b also adapt$ = e-day s]vice1 & decor\s 9 humble & seclud$ life4 ,& y mu/ rememb] always t y\r bus9ess1 z manufactur]s1 is to =m ! m>ket1 z mu* z to supply x4 ,if1 9 %ortsight$ & reckless eag]ness = weal?1 y cat* at e hum\r ( ! populace z x %apes itself into mom5t>y dem&--if1 9 jeal\s rivalry ) neighb\r+ ,/ates1 or ) o!r produc]s1 y try to attract att5tion by s+ul>ities1 novelties1 & gaud9esses--to make e design an adv]tisem5t1 & pilf] e idea ( a successful neighb\r's1 t y may insidi\sly imitate x1 or pomp\sly eclipse --no good design w ev] be possible to y1 or p]ceiv$ by y4 ,y may1 by accid5t1 snat* ! m>ket2 or1 by en]gy1 comm& x2 y may obta9 ! confid5ce ( ! public1 & cause ! ru9 ( oppon5t h\ses2 or y may1 ) equal ju/ice ( =tune1 be ru9$ by !m4 ,b :atev] happ5s to y1 ?is1 at lea/1 is c]ta91 t ! :ole ( y\r life w h be5 sp5t 9 corrupt+ public ta/e & enc\rag+ public extravagance4 ,e pref]5ce y h won by gaud9ess mu/ h be5 bas$ on ! pur*as]'s vanity2 e dem& y h creat$ by novelty has fo/]$ 9 ! consum] a habit ( discont5t2 & :5 y retire into inactive life1 y may1 z a subject ( consolation = y\r decl9+ ye>s1 reflect t precisely accord+ to ! ext5t ( y\r pa/ op]ations1 y\r life has be5 successful 9 ret>d+ ! arts1--t>ni%+ ! virtues1 & confus+ ! mann]s ( y\r c\ntry4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if y resolve f ! fir/ t1 s f> z y c asc]ta9 or disc]n :at is be/1 y w produce :at is be/1 on an intellig5t consid]ation ( ! probable t5d5cies & possible ta/es ( ! p :om y supply1 y may lit]ally become m influ5tial = all k9ds ( good ?an _m lectur]s on art1 or _m treatise-writ]s on morality4 ,consid]+ ! mat]ials dealt )1 & ! crude /ate ( art k at ! "t1 ,i d n "k t any m wide or effective influ5ce 9 public ta/e 0 ev] ex]cis$ ?an t ( ! ,/af=d%ire manufacture ( pott]y "u ,william ,w$gwood1 & x only re/s ) ! manufactur] 9 e o!r bus9ess to det]m9e :e!r he w1 9 l mann]1 make 8 w>es educational in/rum5ts1 or m]e drugs ( ! m>ket4 ,y all %\ld1 be1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 au?ors3 y mu/1 inde$1 fir/ cat* ! public eye1 z an au?or mu/ ! public e>2 b once ga9 y\r audi5ce1 or obs]vance1 & z x is 9 ! writ]'s p[] !nce=w>d to publi% :at w educate z x amuses--s x is 9 y\rs to publi% :at w educate z x adorns4 ,nor is ?is surely a subject ( poor ambition4 ,i he> x said cont9ually t m5 are too ambiti\s3 alas6 to me1 x seems !y are nev] en\gh ambiti\s4 ,h[ _m are cont5t to be m]ely ! ?riv+ m]*ants ( a /ate1 :5 !y might be its guides1 c\nsellors1 & rul]s--wield+ p[]s ( subtle b gigantic b5efic5ce1 9 re/ra9+ its follies :ile !y suppli$ its wants4 ,let su* duty1 su* ambition1 be once accept$ 9 _! fulness1 & ! be/ glory ( ,european art & ( ,european manufacture may yet be to come4 ,! pa9t+s ( ,raphael & ( ,buon>oti gave =ce to ! falsehoods ( sup]/ition1 & maje/y to ! imag9ations ( s92 b ! arts ( ,engl& may h1 = _! task1 to in=m ! s\l ) tru?1 & t\* ! he>t ) compassion4 ,! /eel ( ,tol$o & ! silk ( ,g5oa did b give /r5g? to oppression & lu/re to pride3 let x be = ! furnace & = ! loom ( ,engl&1 z !y h already ri*ly e>n$1 /ill m abundantly to be/[1 com=t on ! indig5t1 civilization on ! rude1 & to disp5se1 ?r\gh ! peaceful homes ( nations1 ! grace & ! preci\sness ( simple adornm5t1 & useful possession4 ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,imag9ation ,,9 ,,ar*itecture ,an ,address ,deliv]$ to ! ,memb]s ( ! ,ar*itectural ,association1 9 ,lyon's ,inn ,hall1 #aheg4 ,if we 7 to be ask$ abruptly1 & requir$ to answ] briefly1 :at qualities *iefly di/+ui% great arti/s f feeble arti/s1 we %\ld answ]1 ,i suppose1 fir/1 _! s5sibility & t5d]ness2 secondly1 _! imag9ation2 & ?irdly1 _! indu/ry4 ,"s ( u might1 p]haps1 d\bt ! ju/ice ( atta*+ s mu* importance to ?is la/ "*1 because we h all kn[n clev] m5 :o 7 indol5t1 & dull m5 :o 7 indu/ri\s4 ,b ?\gh y may h kn[n clev] m5 :o 7 indol5t1 y nev] knew a great man :o 0 s2 &1 dur+ su* inve/igation z ,i h be5 able to give to ! lives ( ! arti/s ^: works are 9 all po9ts noble/1 no fact ev] looms s l>ge ^u me--no law rema9s s /eadfa/ 9 ! univ]sality ( its application1 z ! fact & law t !y are all great work]s3 no?+ conc]n+ !m is matt] ( m a/oni%m5t ?an ! quantity !y h accompli%$ 9 ! giv5 l5g? ( _! life2 & :5 ,i he> a "y man spok5 (1 z giv+ promise ( high g5ius1 ! fir/ "q ,i ask ab\t him is always-- ,does he "w8 ,b ?\gh ?is quality ( indu/ry is ess5tial to an arti/1 x does n 9 anywise make an arti/2 _m p are busy1 ^: do+s are little wor?4 ,nei!r does s5sibility make an arti/2 s9ce1 z ,i hope1 _m c feel bo? /rongly & nobly1 :o yet c>e no?+ ab\t art4 ,b ! gifts :i* di/9ctively m>k ! arti/--)\t :i* he mu/ be feeble 9 life1 =gott5 9 dea?--) :i* he may become "o ( ! %ak]s ( ! e>?1 & "o ( ! signal lights 9 heav5--are ^? ( sympa?y & imag9ation4 ,i w n occupy y\r "t1 nor incur ! risk ( y\r diss5t1 by endeav\r+ to give any close def9ition ( ?is la/ ^w4 ,we all h a g5]al & suffici5t idea ( imag9ation1 & ( its "w ) our h&s & 9 our he>ts3 we und]/& x1 ,i suppose1 z ! imag+ or pictur+ ( new ?+s 9 our ?\ghts2 & we always %[ an involunt>y respect = ?is p[]1 :]ev] we c recognize x1 ackn[l$g+ x to be a great] p[] ?an manipulation1 or calculation1 or obs]vation1 or any o!r human faculty4 ,if we see an old woman sp9n+ at ! fireside1 & di/ribut+ h] ?read dext]\sly f ! di/aff1 we respect h] = h] manipulation--if we ask h] h[ mu* %e expects to make 9 a ye>1 & %e answ]s quickly1 we respect h] = h] calculation--if %e is wat*+ at ! same "t t none ( h] gr&*ildr5 fall into ! fire1 we respect h] = h] obs]vation--yet = all ?is %e may /ill be a commonplace old woman en\gh4 ,b if %e is all ! "t tell+ h] gr&*ildr5 a fairy tale out ( h] head1 we praise h] = h] imag9ation1 & say1 %e mu/ be a r rem>kable old woman4 ,precisely 9 l mann]1 if an ar*itect does 8 work+-draw+ well1 we praise him = 8 manipulation--if he keeps closely )9 8 contract1 we praise him = 8 hone/ ari?metic--if he looks well to ! lay+ ( 8 beams1 s t nobody %all drop ?r\gh ! floor1 we praise him = 8 obs]vation4 ,b he mu/1 someh[1 tell u a fairy tale out ( 8 head beside all ?is1 else we _c praise him = 8 imag9ation1 nor speak ( him z we did ( ! old woman1 z be+ 9 any wise out ( ! common way1 a r rem>kable ar*itect4 ,x seem$ to me1 !re=e1 z if x might int]e/ y to-night1 if we 7 to consid] toge!r :at fairy tales are1 9 & by ar*itecture1 to be told--:at !re is = y to d 9 ?is sev]e art ( y\rs out ( y\r heads1 z well z by y\r h&s4 ,p]haps ! fir/ idea :i* a "y ar*itect is apt to be allur$ by1 z a head-problem 9 ^! exp]im5tal days1 is its be+ incumb5t ^u him to inv5t a new /yle wor?y ( mod]n civilization 9 g5]al1 & ( ,engl& 9 p>ticul>2 a /yle wor?y ( our eng9es & telegraphs2 z expansive z /eam1 & z sp>kl+ z electricity4 ,b1 if !re are any ( my he>]s :o h be5 impress$ ) ?is s5se ( inv5tive duty1 may ,i ask !m fir/1 :e!r _! plan is t e inv5tive ar*itect among u %all inv5t a new /yle = himself1 & h a c\nty set aside = 8 conceptions1 or a prov9ce = 8 practice8 ,or1 mu/ e ar*itect inv5t a little piece ( ! new /yle1 & all put x toge!r at la/ l a dissect$ map8 ,& if s1 :5 ! new /yle is inv5t$1 :at is to be done next8 ,i w grant y ?is ,eldorado ( imag9ation--b c y h m ?an "o ,columbus8 ,or1 if y sail 9 company1 & divide ! prize ( y\r discov]y & ! hon\r !re(1 :o is to come aft] y clu/]$ ,columbuses8 to :at =tunate isl&s ( /yle are y\r ar*itectural desc5dants to sail1 av>ici\s ( new l&s8 ,:5 our desir$ /yle is inv5t$1 w n ! be/ we c all d be simply--to build 9 x8-- & _c y n[ d t 9 /yles t are kn[n8 ,obs]ve1 ,i grant1 = ! sake ( y\r argum5t1 :at p]haps _m ( y "k t ,i w\ld n grant o!rwise--t a new /yle c be inv5t$4 ,i grant y n only ?is1 b t x %all be :olly diff]5t f any t 0 ev] practis$ be=e4 ,we w suppose t capitals are to be at ! bottom ( pill>s in/ead ( ! top2 & t buttresses %all be on ! tops ( p9nacles in/ead ( at ! bottom2 t y ro( y\r ap]tures ) /ones :i* %all nei!r be ar*$ nor horizontal2 & t y compose y\r decoration ( l9es :i* %all nei!r be crook$ nor /raight4 ,! furnace & ! =ge %all be at y\r s]vice3 y %all draw out y\r plates ( glass & beat out y\r b>s ( iron till y h encompass$ u all1--if y\r /yle is ( ! practical k9d1--) endless p]spective ( black skeleton & bl9d+ squ>e1--or if y\r /yle is to be ( ! ideal k9d--y %all wrea! y\r /reets ) ductile leafage1 & ro( !m ) v>iegat$ cry/al--y %all put1 if y w1 all ,london "u "o blaz+ dome ( _m col\rs t %all light ! cl\ds r\nd x ) its fla%+1 z f> z to ! sea4 ,& /ill1 ,i ask y1 ,:at aft] ?is8 ,d y suppose ^? imag9ations ( y\rs w ev] lie d[n !re asleep b5ea? ! %ade ( y\r iron leafage1 or )9 ! col\r$ light ( y\r en*ant$ dome8 ,n s4 ,^? s\ls1 & fancies1 & ambitions ( y\rs1 are :olly inf9ite2 &1 :atev] may be done by o!rs1 y w /ill want to d some?+ = y\rselves2 if y _c re/ cont5t ) ,palladio1 nei!r w y ) ,paxton3 all ! metal & glass t ev] 7 melt$ h n s mu* weight 9 !m z w clog ! w+s ( "o human _s's aspiration4 ,if y w ?9k ov] ?is quietly by y\rselves1 & c get ! noise out ( y\r e>s ( ! p]petual1 empty1 idle1 incomp>ably idiotic talk ab\t ! necessity ( "s novelty 9 ar*itecture1 y w soon see t ! v ess5ce ( a ,/yle1 prop]ly s call$1 is t x %\ld be practis$ = ages1 & appli$ to all purposes2 & t s long z any giv5 /yle is 9 practice1 all t is left = individual imag9ation to accompli% mu/ be )9 ! scope ( t /yle1 n 9 ! inv5tion ( a new "o4 ,if !re are any "h1 !re=e1 :o hope to obta9 celebrity by ! inv5tion ( "s /range way ( build+ :i* mu/ conv9ce all ,europe into its adoption1 to !m1 = ! mom5t1 ,i mu/ n be und]/ood to address myself1 b only to ^? :o w\ld be cont5t ) t degree ( celebrity :i* an arti/ may enjoy :o works 9 ! mann] ( 8 =efa!rs2--:i* ! build] ( ,salisbury ,ca!dral might enjoy 9 ,engl&1 ?\gh he did n inv5t ,go?ic2 & :i* ,titian might enjoy at ,v5ice1 ?\gh he did n inv5t oil pa9t+4 ,address+ myself !n to ^? humbl]1 b wis]1 or r1 only wise /ud5ts :o are cont5t to avail !mselves ( "s sy/em ( build+ already und]/ood1 let u consid] toge!r :at room = ! ex]cise ( ! imag9ation may be left to u "u su* conditions4 ,&1 fir/1 ,i suppose x w be said1 or ?\ght1 t ! ar*itect's pr9cipal field = ex]cise ( 8 inv5tion mu/ be 9 ! disposition ( l9es1 m\ld+s1 & masses1 9 agreeable proportions4 ,inde$1 if y adopt "s /yles ( ar*itecture1 y _c ex]cise inv5tion 9 any o!r way4 ,& ,i admit t x requires g5ius & special gift to d ?is rightly4 ,n by rule1 nor by /udy1 c ! gift ( graceful proportionate design be obta9$2 only by ! intuition ( g5ius c s mu* z a s+le ti] ( faade be beautifully arrang$2 & ! man has j cause = pride1 z f> z our gifts c ev] be a cause = pride1 :o f9ds himself able1 9 a design ( 8 own1 to rival ev5 ! simple/ arrangem5t ( p>ts 9 "o by ,sanmi*eli1 ,inigo ,jones1 or ,*ri/oph] ,wr54 ,inv5tion1 !n1 & g5ius be+ grant$1 z necess>y to accompli% ?is1 let me ask y1 ,:at1 aft] all1 ) ?is special gift & g5ius1 y h accompli%$1 :5 y h arrang$ ! l9es ( a build+ beautifully8 ,9 ! fir/ place y w n1 ,i ?9k1 tell me t ! beauty !re atta9$ is ( a t\*+ or pa!tic k9d4 ,a well-dispos$ gr\p ( notes 9 music w make y sometimes weep & sometimes laugh4 ,y c express ! dep? ( all affections by ^? dispositions ( s\nd3 y c give c\rage to ! soldi]1 language to ! lov]1 consolation to ! m\rn]1 m joy to ! joyful1 m humility to ! dev\t4 ,c y d z mu* by y\r gr\p ( l9es8 ,d y suppose ! front ( ,:itehall1 a s+ul>ly beautiful "o ev] inspires ! two ,horse ,gu>ds1 dur+ ! h\r !y sit opposite to x1 ) milit>y ard\r8 ,d y ?9k t ! lov]s 9 our ,london walk d[n to ! front ( ,:itehall = consolation :5 mi/resses are unk9d2 or t any p]son wav]+ 9 duty1 or feeble 9 fai?1 0 ev] confirm$ 9 purpose or 9 cre$ by ! pa!tic appeal ( ^? h>moni\s ar*itraves8 ,y w n say s4 ,!n1 if !y _c t\*1 or inspire1 or com=t any "o1 c y\r ar*itectural proportions amuse any "o8 ,*ri/mas is j ov]2 y h d\btless be5 at _m m]ry p>ties dur+ ! p]iod4 ,c y rememb] any 9 :i* ar*itectural proportions contribut$ to ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! ev5+8 ,proportions ( notes 9 music 71 ,i am sure1 ess5tial to y\r amusem5t2 ! sett+ ( fl[]s 9 hair1 & ( rib&s on dresses1 7 also subjects ( frequ5t admiration ) y1 n iness5tial to y\r happ9ess4 ,among ! juv5ile memb]s ( y\r society ! proportion ( currants 9 cake1 & ( sug> 9 comfits1 became subjects ( acute int]e/2 &1 :5 su* proportions 7 h>moni\s1 motives also ( gratitude to cook & to confection]4 ,b did y ev] see ei!r "y or old amus$ by ! ar*itrave ( ! door8 ,or o!rwise int]e/$ 9 ! proportions ( ! room ?an z !y admitt$ m or few] fri5dly faces8 ,nay1 if all ! amusem5t t !re is 9 ! be/ proportion$ ar*itecture ( ,london c\ld be conc5trat$ into "o ev5+1 & y 7 to issue tickets = no?+ to ?is great proportional ent]ta9m5t2--h[ d y ?9k x w\ld /& betwe5 y & ! ,drury pantom9e8 ,y are1 !n1 rememb]1 grant$ to be p ( g5ius--great & admirable2 & y devote y\r lives to y\r art1 b y admit t y _c com=t anybody1 y _c enc\rage anybody1 y _c improve anybody1 & y _c amuse anybody4 ,i proce$ !n f>!r to ask1 ,c y in=m anybody8 ,_m sci5ces _c be consid]$ z highly t\*+ or emotional2 nay1 p]haps n specially amus+2 sci5tific m5 may sometimes1 9 ^! respects1 /& on ! same gr\nd ) y4 ,z f> z we c judge by ! results ( ! late w>1 sci5ce helps our soldi]s ab\t z mu* z ! front ( ,:itehall2 & at ! ,*ri/mas p>ties1 ! *ildr5 want$ no geologi/s to tell !m ab\t ! behavi\r ( be>s & dragons 9 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s "t4 ,/ill1 y\r man ( sci5ce tea*es y some?+2 he may be dull at a p>ty1 or helpless 9 a battle1 he is n always t2 b he c give y1 at all ev5ts1 k ( noble facts1 & op5 to y ! secrets ( ! e>? & air4 ,w y\r ar*itectural proportions d z mu*8 ,y\r g5ius is grant$1 & y\r life is giv51 & :at d y tea* u8--,no?+1 ,i believe1 f "o end ( t life to ! o!r1 b t two & two make f\r1 & t "o is to two z ?ree is to six4 ,y _c1 !n1 x is admitt$1 com=t any "o1 s]ve or amuse any "o1 nor tea* any "o4 ,f9ally1 ,i ask1 ,c y be ( ,use to any "o8 ,yes1 y reply2 c]ta9ly we are ( "s use--we ar*itects--9 a climate l ?is1 :]e x always ra9s4 ,y are ( use c]ta9ly2 b1 p>don me1 only z build]s--n z proportionali/s4 ,we are n talk+ ( build+ z a protection1 b only ( t special "w :i* y\r g5ius is to d2 n ( build+ sub/antial & com=table h\ses l ,mr4 ,cubitt1 b ( putt+ beautiful faades on !m l ,inigo ,jones4 ,&1 aga91 ,i ask--,are y ( use to any "o8 ,w y\r proportions ( ! faade heal ! sick1 or clo! ! nak$8 ,suppos+ y devot$ y\r lives to be m]*ants1 y might reflect at ! close ( !m1 h[ _m1 fa9t+ = want1 y _h br\ght corn to su/a92 h[ _m1 infect$ ) disease1 y _h br\ght balms to heal2 h[ widely1 among multitudes ( f>-away nations1 y _h scatt]$ ! fir/ se$s ( national p[]1 & guid$ ! fir/ rays ( sacr$ light4 ,_h y be51 9 f9e1 any?+ else 9 ! _w b ar*itectural design]s1 y might h be5 ( "s use or good to p4 ,cont5t to be petty tradesm51 y w\ld h sav$ ! "t ( mank9d2--r\gh-h&$ daily lab\r]s1 y w\ld h add$ to _! /ock ( food or ( clo?+4 ,b1 be+ m5 ( g5ius1 & devot+ y\r lives to ! exquisite exposition ( ?is g5ius1 on :at a*ievem5ts d y ?9k ! memories ( y\r old age are to fa/58 ,^: gratitude w surr\nd y ) its gl[1 or on :at accompli%$ good1 ( t greate/ k9d = :i* m5 %[ no gratitude1 w y\r life re/ ! cont5tm5t ( its close8 ,truly1 ,i fe> t ! gho/s ( proportionate l9es w be ?9 phantoms at y\r b$sides--v spee*less to y2 & t on all ! emanations ( y\r high g5ius y w look back ) less delight ?an y might h done on a cup ( cold wat] giv5 to him :o 0 ?ir/y1 or to a s+le mom5t :5 y _h prev5t$ ) y\r bread him t fl$4 ,d n answ]1 nor ?9k to answ]1 t ) y\r great works & great paym5ts ( workm5 9 !m1 y w\ld d ?is2 ,i "k y w\ld1 & w1 z ,build]s2 b1 ,i repeat1 x is n y\r build+ t ,i am talk+ ab\t1 b y\r bra9s2 x is y\r inv5tion & imag9ation ( ^: pr(it ,i am speak+4 ,! good done ?r\gh ! build+1 obs]ve1 is done by y\r employ]s1 n by y--y %>e 9 ! b5efit ( x4 ,! good t y p]sonally mu/ d is by y\r design+2 & ,i comp>e y ) musicians :o d good by _! pa!tic compos+1 n z !y d good by employ+ fiddl]s 9 ! or*e/ra2 = x is ! public :o 9 reality d t1 n ! musicians4 ,s cle>ly keep+ to ?is "o "q1 :at good we ar*itects are to d by our g5ius2 & hav+ f\nd t on our proportionate sy/em we c d no good to o!rs1 w y tell me1 la/ly1 :at good we c d to ourselves8 ,obs]ve1 ne>ly e o!r lib]al art or pr(ession has "s int5se pleasure connect$ ) x1 irrespective ( any good to o!rs4 ,z lawy]s1 or physicians1 or cl]gym51 y w\ld h ! pleasure ( inve/igation1 & ( hi/orical read+1 z "p ( y\r "w3 z m5 ( sci5ce y w\ld be rejoic+ 9 curiosity p]petually gratifi$ respect+ ! laws & facts ( nature3 z arti/s y w\ld h delight 9 wat*+ ! ext]nal =ms ( nature3 z day lab\r]s or petty tradesm51 suppos+ y to und]take su* "w ) z mu* intellect z y are go+ to devote to y\r design+1 y w\ld f9d cont9u$ subjects ( int]e/ 9 ! manufacture or ! agriculture :i* y help$ to improve2 or 9 ! problems ( comm]ce :i* bore on y\r bus9ess4 ,b y\r ar*itectural design+ leads y into no pleasant j\rneys1--into no see+ ( lovely ?+s1--no disc]n+ ( j laws1--no w>m?s ( compassion1 no humilities ( v5]ation1 no progressive /ate ( sight or s\l4 ,our conclusion is--mu/ be--t y w n amuse1 nor in=m1 nor help anybody2 y w n amuse1 nor bett]1 nor in=m y\rselves2 y w s9k into a /ate 9 :i* y c nei!r %[1 nor feel1 nor see1 any?+1 b t "o is to two z ?ree is to six4 ,& 9 t /ate :at %\ld we call ourselves8 ,m58 ,i ?9k n4 ,! "r "n = u w\ld be--num]ators & d5om9ators4 ,vulg> ,fractions4 ,%all we1 !n1 ab&on ?is !ory ( ! s\l ( ar*itecture be+ 9 proportional l9es1 & look :e!r we c f9d any?+ bett] to ex]t our fancies ^u8 ,may we n1 to beg9 )1 accept ?is great pr9ciple--t1 z our bodies1 to be 9 heal?1 mu/ be g5]ally ex]cis$1 s our m9ds1 to be 9 heal?1 mu/ be g5]ally cultivat$8 ,y w\ld n call a man heal?y :o _h /rong arms b 0 p>alytic 9 8 feet2 nor "o :o c\ld walk well1 b _h no use ( 8 h&s2 nor "o :o c\ld see well1 if he c\ld n he>4 ,y w\ld n volunt>ily r$uce y\r bodies to any su* p>tially develop$ /ate4 ,mu* m1 !n1 y w\ld n1 if y c\ld help x1 r$uce y\r m9ds to x4 ,n[1 y\r m9ds are end[$ ) a va/ numb] ( gifts ( totally diff]5t uses--limbs ( m9d z x 71 :i*1 if y don't ex]cise1 y cripple4 ,"o is curiosity2 t is a gift1 a capacity ( pleasure 9 kn[+2 :i* if y de/roy1 y make y\rselves cold & dull4 ,ano!r is sympa?y2 ! p[] ( %>+ 9 ! feel+s ( liv+ creatures1 :i* if y de/roy1 y make y\rselves h>d & cruel4 ,ano!r ( y\r limbs ( m9d is admiration2 ! p[] ( enjoy+ beauty or +5uity1 :i*1 if y de/roy1 y make y\rselves base & irrev]5t4 ,ano!r is wit2 or ! p[] ( play+ ) ! lights on ! _m sides ( tru?2 :i* if y de/roy1 y make y\rselves gloomy1 & less useful & *e]+ to o!rs ?an y might be4 ,s t 9 *oos+ y\r way ( "w x %\ld be y\r aim1 z f> z possible1 to br+ out all ^! faculties1 z f> z !y exi/ 9 y2 n "o m]ely1 nor ano!r1 b all ( !m4 ,& ! way to br+ !m out1 is simply to conc]n y\rselves att5tively ) ! subjects ( ea* faculty4 ,to cultivate sympa?y y mu/ be among liv+ creatures1 & ?9k+ ab\t !m2 & to cultivate admiration1 y mu/ be among beautiful ?+s & look+ at !m4 ,all ?is s\nds mu* l truism1 at lea/ ,i hope x does1 = !n y w surely n refuse to act ^u x2 & to consid] f>!r1 h[1 z ar*itects1 y are to keep y\rselves 9 contemplation ( liv+ creatures & lovely ?+s4 ,y all probably "k ! beautiful photographs :i* h be5 publi%$ )9 ! la/ ye> or two ( ! por*es ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,ami5s4 ,i hold "o ( ^! up to y1 7m]ely t y may "k :at ,i am talk+ ab\t1 z ( c\rse y _c see ! detail at ?is di/ance1 b y w recognise ! subject47 ,h y ev] consid]$ h[ mu* sympa?y1 & h[ mu* hum\r1 are develop$ 9 fill+ ?is s+le doorway ,footnote3 ,! tympanum ( ! s\? transcept door2 x is to be f\nd g5]ally among all collections ( ar*itectural photographs ) ^! sculptures ( ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,honor 7&1 by ! way1 consid]+ h[ (t5 we ,engli% are n[ driv+ up & d[n ! ,rue ,/4 ,honor1 we may z well "k z mu* ( ! sa9t z ! old ar*itect c>$ to tell u74 ,y "k 9 all leg5ds ( sa9ts :o ev] 7 bi%ops1 ! fir/ ?+ y are told ( !m is t !y didn't want to be bi%ops4 ,s "h is ,/4 ,honor1 :o doesn't want to be a bi%op1 sitt+ sulkily 9 ! corn]2 he hugs 8 book ) bo? h&s1 & won't get up to take 8 crosi]2 & "h are all ! city ald]m5 ( ,ami5s come to poke him up2 & all ! monks 9 ! t[n 9 a great puzzle :at !y %all d = a bi%op if ,/4 ,honor won't be2 & "h's "o ( ! monks 9 ! opposite corn] :o is q cool ab\t x1 & ?9ks !y'll get on well en\gh )\t ,/ ,honor1--y see t 9 8 face p]fectly4 ,at la/ ,/4 ,honor cons5ts to be bi%op1 & "h he sits 9 a ?rone1 & has 8 book n[ gr&ly on 8 desk in/ead ( 8 knees1 & he directs "o ( 8 village curates h[ to f9d relics 9 a wood2 "h is ! wood1 & "h is ! village curate1 & "h are ! tombs1 ) ! bones ( ,/4 ,victori5 & ,g5ti5 9 !m4 ,aft] ?is1 ,/4 ,honor p]=ms gr& mass1 & ! miracle occurs ( ! appe>ance ( a h& bless+ ! waf]1 :i* occurr5ce aft]w>ds 0 pa9t$ = ! arms ( ! abbey4 ,!n ,/4 ,honor dies2 & "h is 8 tomb ) 8 /atue on ! top2 & miracles are be+ p]=m$ at x--a deaf man hav+ 8 e> t\*$1 & a bl9d man grop+ 8 way up to ! tomb ) 8 dog4 ,!n "h is a great procession 9 hon\r ( ! relics ( ,/4 ,honor2 & "u 8 c(f9 are "s cripples be+ heal$2 & ! c(f9 itself is put above ! b> :i* sep>ates ! cross f ! l[] subjects1 because ! tradition is t ! figure on ! crucifix ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,firm9 b[$ its head 9 tok5 ( acceptance1 z ! relics ( ,/4 ,honor pass$ b5ea?4 ,n[ j consid] ! am\nt ( sympa?y ) human nature1 & obs]vance ( x1 %[n 9 ?is "o bas-relief2 ! sympa?y ) disput+ monks1 ) puzzl$ ald]m51 ) melan*oly recluse1 ) triumphant prelate1 ) palsy-/rick5 pov]ty1 ) ecclesia/ical magnific5ce1 or miracle-work+ fai?4 ,consid] h[ mu* intellect 0 ne$$ 9 ! ar*itect1 & h[ mu* obs]vance ( nature be=e he c\ld give ! expression to ^! v>i\s figures--ca/ ^! multitud9\s drap]ies--design ^! ri* & qua9t fragm5ts ( tombs & alt>s--weave ) p]fect animation ! entangl$ bran*es ( ! =e/4 ,b y w answ] me1 all ?is is n ar*itecture at all--x is sculpture4 ,w y !n tell me precisely :]e ! sep>ation exi/s betwe5 "o & ! o!r8 ,we w beg9 at ! v beg9n+4 ,i w %[ y a piece ( :at y w c]ta9ly admit to be a piece ( pure ar*itecture2 ,footnote3 ,see ,app5dix ,,iii41 ,classical ,ar*itecture4 x is drawn on ! back ( ano!r photograph1 ano!r ( ^! m>vell\s tympana f ,notre ,dame1 :i* y call1 ,i suppose1 impure4 ,well1 look on ?is picture1 & on ?is4 ,don't laugh2 y mu/ n laugh1 t's v improp] ( y1 ?is is classical ar*itecture4 ,i h tak5 x out ( ! essay on t subject 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica4 ,yet ,i suppose none ( y w\ld ?9k y\rselves p>ticul>ly +5i\s ar*itects if y _h design$ no?+ m ?an ?is2 nay1 ,i w ev5 let y improve x into any gr& proportion y *oose1 & add to x z _m w9d[s z y *oose2 ! only ?+ ,i insi/ ^u 9 our specim5 ( pure ar*itecture is1 t !re %all be no m\ld+s nor ornam5ts ^u x4 ,& ,i suspect y don't q l y\r ar*itecture s pure z ?is4 ,we want a few m\ld+s1 y w say--j a few4 ,^? :o want m\ld+s1 hold up _! h&s4 ,we are unanim\s1 ,i ?9k4 ,w1 y1 !n1 design ! pr(iles ( ^! m\ld+s y\rselves1 or w y copy !m8 ,if y wi% to copy !m1 & to copy !m always1 ( c\rse ,i leave y at once to y\r au?orities1 & y\r imag9ations to _! repose4 ,b if y wi% to design !m y\rselves1 h[ d y d x8 ,y draw ! pr(ile accord+ to y\r ta/e1 & y ord] y\r mason to cut x4 ,n[1 w y tell me ! logical diff]5ce betwe5 draw+ ! pr(ile ( a m\ld+ & giv+ t to be cut1 & draw+ ! folds ( ! drap]y ( a /atue & giv+ ^? to be cut4 ,! la/ is mu* m difficult to d ?an ! fir/2 b degrees ( difficulty con/itute no specific diff]5ce1 & y w n accept x1 surely1 z a def9ition ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ar*itecture & sculpture1 t ar*itecture is do+ any?+ t is easy1 & sculpture any?+ t is difficult4 ,x is true1 also1 t ! c>v$ m\ld+ repres5ts no?+1 & ! c>v$ drap]y repres5ts some?+2 b y w n1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 accept1 z an explanation ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ar*itecture & sculpture1 ?is any m ?an ! o!r1 t sculpture is art :i* has mean+1 & ar*itecture art :i* has none4 ,:]e1 !n1 is y\r diff]5ce8 ,9 ?is1 p]haps1 y w say2 t :atev] ornam5ts we c direct ourselves1 & get accurately cut to ord]1 we consid] ar*itectural4 ,! ornam5ts t we are oblig$ to leave to ! pleasure ( ! workman1 or ! sup]9t5d5ce ( "s o!r design]1 we consid] sculptural1 especially if !y are m or less extrane\s & incru/$--n an ess5tial "p ( ! build+4 ,accept+ ?is def9ition1 ,i am compell$ to reply1 t x is 9 effect no?+ m ?an an amplification ( my fir/ "o--t :atev] is easy y call ar*itecture1 :atev] is difficult y call sculpture4 ,= y _c suppose ! arrangem5t ( ! place 9 :i* ! sculpture is to be put is s difficult or s great a "p ( ! design z ! sculpture itself4 ,= in/ance3 y all "k ! pulpit ( ,niccolo ,pisano1 9 ! bapti/ry at ,pisa4 ,x is compos$ ( sev5 ri* relievi1 surr\nd$ by panel m\ld+s1 & su/a9$ on m>ble %afts4 ,d y suppose ,niccolo ,pisano's reputation--su* "p ( x at lea/ z re/s on ?is pulpit 7& mu* does7--dep5ds on ! panel m\ld+s1 or on ! relievi8 ,! panel m\ld+s are by 8 h&2 he w\ld h disda9$ to leave ev5 !m to a common workman2 b d y ?9k he f\nd any difficulty 9 !m1 or ?\ght !re 0 any cr$it 9 !m8 ,hav+ once done ! sculpture1 ^? enclos+ l9es 7 m]e *ild's play to him2 ! det]m9ation ( ! diamet] ( %afts & height ( capitals 0 an affair ( m9utes2 8 "w 0 9 c>v+ ! ,crucifixion & ! ,baptism4 ,or1 aga91 d y recollect ,orcagna's tab]nacle 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,mi*ele1 at ,flor5ce8 ,t1 also1 consi/s ( ri* & multitud9\s bas-reliefs1 enclos$ 9 panel m\ld+s1 ) %afts ( mosaic1 & foliat$ ar*es su/a9+ ! canopy4 ,d y ?9k ,orcagna1 any m ?an ,pisano1 if 8 _s c\ld rise 9 ! mid/ ( u at ?is mom5t1 w\ld tell u t he _h tru/$ 8 fame to ! foliation1 or _h put 8 s\l's pride into ! panell+8 ,n s2 he w\ld tell y t 8 _s 0 9 ! /oop+ figures t /& r\nd ! c\* ( ! dy+ ,virg94 ,or1 la/ly1 d y ?9k ! man :o design$ ! procession on ! portal ( ,ami5s 0 ! subord9ate workman8 t !re 0 an ar*itect ov] him1 re/ra9+ him )9 c]ta9 limits1 & ord]+ ( him 8 bi%ops at s mu* a mitre1 & 8 cripples at s mu* a crut*8 ,n s4 ,"h1 on ?is sculptur$ %ield1 re/s ! ,ma/]'s h&2 ?is is ! c5tre ( ! ,ma/]'s ?\ght2 f ?is1 & 9 subord9ation to ?is1 wav$ ! ar* & sprang ! p9nacle4 ,hav+ done ?is1 & be+ able to give human expression & action to ! /one1 all ! re/--! rib1 ! ni*e1 ! foil1 ! %aft--7 m]e toys to 8 h& & accessories to 8 conception3 & if once y also ga9 ! gift ( do+ ?is1 if once y c c>ve "o fronton su* z y h "h1 ,i tell y1 y w\ld be able--s f> z x dep5d$ on y\r inv5tion--to scatt] ca!drals ov] ,engl& z fa/ z cl\ds rise f its /reams aft] summ] ra94 ,nay1 b p]haps y answ] aga91 our sculptors at pres5t d n design ca!drals1 & c\ld n4 ,no1 !y c\ld n2 b t is m]ely because we h made ar*itecture s dull t !y _c take any int]e/ 9 x1 &1 !re=e1 d n c>e to add to _! high] k ! poor & common k ( pr9ciples ( build+4 ,y h ?us sep>at$ build+ f sculpture1 & y h tak5 away ! p[] ( bo?2 = ! sculptor loses ne>ly z mu* by nev] hav+ room = ! developm5t ( a cont9u\s "w1 z y d f hav+ r$uc$ y\r "w to a cont9uity ( me*anism4 ,y are ess5tially1 & %\ld always be1 ! same body ( m51 admitt+ only su* diff]5ce 9 op]ation z !re is betwe5 ! "w ( a pa9t] at diff]5t times1 :o sometimes lab\rs on a small picture1 & sometimes on ! frescoes ( a palace gall]y4 ,?is conclusion1 !n1 we arrive at1 mu/ arrive at2 ! fact be+ irrevocably s3--t 9 ord] to give y\r imag9ation & ! o!r p[]s ( y\r s\ls full play1 y mu/ d z all ! great ar*itects ( old "t did--y mu/ y\rselves be y\r sculptors4 ,phidias1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,orcagna1 ,pisano1 ,giotto1--:i* ( ^! m51 d y ?9k1 c\ld n use 8 *isel8 ,y say1 ,x is difficult2 q out ( y\r way4 ,i "k x is2 no?+ t is great is easy2 & no?+ t is great1 s long z y /udy build+ )\t sculpture1 c be 9 y\r way4 ,i want to put x 9 y\r way1 & y to f9d y\r way to x4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 d n %r9k f ! task z if ! ref9$ art ( p]fect sculpture 7 always requir$ f y4 ,=1 ?\gh ar*itecture & sculpture are n sep>ate arts1 !re is an ar*itectural mann] ( sculpture2 & x is1 9 ! majority ( its applications1 a comp>atively easy "o4 ,our great mi/ake at pres5t1 9 deal+ ) /one at all1 is requir+ to h all our "w too ref9$2 x is j ! same mi/ake z if we 7 to require all our book illu/rations to be z f9e "w z ,raphael's4 ,john ,lee* does n sket* s well z ,leon>do da ,v9ci2 b d y ?9k t ! public c\ld easily sp>e him2 or t he is wrong 9 br++ out 8 tal5t 9 ! way 9 :i* x is mo/ effective8 ,w\ld y advise him1 if he ask$ y\r advice1 to give up 8 wood-blocks & take to canvas8 ,i "k y w\ld n2 nei!r w\ld y tell him1 ,i believe1 on ! o!r h&1 t because he c\ld n draw z well z ,leon>do1 !re=e he ought to draw no?+ b /raight l9es ) a rul]1 & circles ) compasses1 & no figure- subjects at all4 ,t w\ld be "s loss to y2 w\ld x n8 ,y w\ld all be vex$ if next week's ,pun* _h no?+ 9 x b proportionate l9es4 ,& yet1 d n y see t y are do+ precisely ! same ?+ ) y\r p[]s ( sculptural design t he w\ld be do+ ) 8 p[]s ( pictorial design1 if he gave y no?+ b su* l9es4 ,y feel t y _c c>ve l ,phidias2 !re=e y w n c>ve at all1 b only draw m\ld+s2 & ?us all t int]m$iate p[] :i* is ( especial value 9 mod]n days1--t popul> p[] ( expression :i* is )9 ! atta9m5t ( ?\s&s1--& w\ld address itself to t5s ( ?\s&s1--is utt]ly lo/ to u 9 /one1 ?\gh 9 ink & pap] x has become "o ( ! mo/ desir$ luxuries ( mod]n civilization4 ,"h1 !n1 is "o "p ( ! subject to :i* ,i w\ld especially invite y\r att5tion1 namely1 ! di/9ctive "* :i* may be wisely p]mitt$ to belong to ar*itectural sculpture1 z di/+ui%$ f p]fect sculpture on "o side1 & f m]e geometrical decoration on ! o!r4 ,& fir/1 obs]ve :at an indulg5ce we h 9 ! di/ance at :i* mo/ "w is to be se54 ,suppos+ we 7 able to c>ve eyes & lips ) ! mo/ exquisite precision1 x w\ld all be ( no use z soon z ! "w 0 put f> above ! eye2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 z beauties disappe> by be+ f> )drawn1 s w faults2 & ! my/]y & confusion :i* are ! natural consequ5ce ( di/ance1 :ile !y w\ld (t5 r5d] y\r be/ skill b va91 w z (t5 r5d] y\r wor/ errors ( little consequ5ce2 nay1 m ?an ?is1 (t5 a deep cut1 or a rude angle1 w produce 9 c]ta9 positions an effect ( expression bo? />tl+ & true1 :i* y nev] hop$ =4 ,n t m]e di/ance w give animation to ! "w1 if x has none 9 itself2 b if x has life at all1 ! di/ance w make t life m p]ceptible & p[]ful by s(t5+ ! defects ( execution4 ,s t y are plac$1 z workm51 9 ?is position ( s+ul> advantage1 t y may give y\r fancies free play1 & /rike h>d = ! expression t y want1 kn[+ t1 if y miss x1 no "o w detect y2 if y at all t\* x1 nature h]self w help y1 & ) e *ang+ %ad[ & bask+ sunbeam br+ =? new phases ( y\r fancy4 ,b x is n m]ely ?is privilege ( be+ imp]fect :i* belongs to ar*itectural sculpture4 ,x has a true privilege ( imag9ation1 f> excell+ all t c be grant$ to ! m f9i%$ "w1 :i*1 = ! sake ( di/9ction1 ,i w call1--& ,i don't ?9k we c h a mu* bett] t]m--furniture sculpture2 sculpture1 t is1 :i* c be mov$ f place to furni% rooms4 ,= obs]ve1 to t sculpture ! spectator is usually br\ght 9 a tranquil or prosaic /ate ( m9d2 he sees x associat$ r ) :at is sumptu\s ?an sublime1 & "u circum/ances :i* address !mselves m to 8 com=t ?an 8 curiosity4 ,! /atue :i* is to be pa!tic1 se5 betwe5 ! fla%es ( footm5's liv]y r\nd ! d9+-table1 mu/ h /rong elem5ts ( pa?os 9 itself2 & ! /atue :i* is to be awful1 9 ! mid/ ( ! gossip ( ! draw+- room1 mu/ h ! elem5ts ( awe :olly 9 itself4 ,b ! spectator is br\ght to y\r "w already 9 an excit$ & imag9ative mood4 ,he has be5 impress$ by ! ca!dral wall z x loom$ ov] ! l[ /reets1 be=e he looks up to ! c>v+ ( its por*--& 8 love ( my/]y has be5 t\*$ by ! sil5ce & ! %ad[s ( ! cloi/]1 be=e he c set himself to deciph] ! bosses on its vault+4 ,s t :5 once he beg9s to obs]ve y\r do+s1 he w ask no?+ bett] f y1 no?+ k9d] f y1 ?an t y w\ld meet ?is imag9ative temp] ( 8 half way2--t y w\ld f>!r t\* ! s5se ( t]ror1 or satisfy ! expectation ( ?+s /range1 :i* h be5 prompt$ by ! my/]y or ! maje/y ( ! surr\nd+ sc5e4 ,& ?us1 y\r leav+ =ms m or less undef9$1 or c>ry+ out y\r fancies1 h[ev] extravagant1 9 grotesqu5ess ( %ad[ or %ape1 w be = ! mo/ "p 9 accordance ) ! temp] ( ! obs]v]2 & he is likely1 !re=e1 mu* m will+ly to use 8 fancy to help y\r mean+s1 ?an 8 judgm5t to detect y\r faults4 ,aga94 ,rememb] t :5 ! imag9ation & feel+s are /rongly excit$1 !y w n only be> ) /range ?+s1 b !y w look into m9ute ?+s ) a delight q unkn[n 9 h\rs ( tranquillity4 ,y surely mu/ rememb] mom5ts ( y\r lives 9 :i*1 "u "s /rong excitem5t ( feel+1 all ! details ( visible objects pres5t$ !mselves ) a /range int5sity & insi/ance1 :e!r y w\ld or no2 urg+ !mselves ^u ! m9d1 & ?ru/ ^u ! eye1 ) a =ce ( fasc9ation :i* y c\ld n refuse4 ,n[1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! s5ses get into ?is /ate :5ev] ! imag9ation is /rongly excit$4 ,?+s trivial at o!r times assume a dignity or significance :i* we _c expla92 b :i* is only ! m attractive because inexplicable3 & ! p[]s ( att5tion1 quick5$ by ! fev]i% excitem5t1 fa/5 & fe$ ^u ! m9ute/ circum/ances ( detail1 & remote/ traces ( int5tion4 ,s t :at w\ld at o!r times be felt z m or less mean or extrane\s 9 a "w ( sculpture1 & :i* w\ld assur$ly be (f5sive to ! p]fect ta/e 9 its mom5ts ( languor1 or ( critical judgm5t1 w be grateful1 & ev5 sublime1 :5 x meets ?is fright5$ inquisitiv5ess1 ?is fasc9at$ wat*fulness1 ( ! r\s$ imag9ation4 ,& ?is is all = y\r advantage2 =1 9 ! beg9n+s ( y\r sculpture1 y w assur$ly f9d x easi] to imitate m9ute circum/ances ( co/ume or "*1 ?an to p]fect ! anatomy ( simple =ms or ! fl[ ( noble masses2 & x w be enc\rag+ to rememb] t ! grace y _c p]fect1 & ! simplicity y _c a*ieve1 w\ld be 9 great "p va91 ev5 if y c\ld a*ieve !m1 9 _! appeal to ! ha/y curiosity ( passionate fancy2 b t ! sympa?y :i* w\ld be refus$ to y\r sci5ce w be grant$ to y\r innoc5ce3 & t ! m9d ( ! g5]al obs]v]1 ?\gh :olly unaffect$ by ! correctness ( anatomy or propriety ( ge/ure1 w foll[ y ) fond & pleas$ concurr5ce1 z y c>ve ! knots ( ! hair1 & ! patt]ns ( ! ve/ure4 ,f>!r yet4 ,we are to rememb] t n only d ! associat$ features ( ! l>g] ar*itecture t5d to excite ! /r5g? ( fancy1 b ! ar*itectural laws to :i* y are oblig$ to submit y\r decoration /imulate its +5uity4 ,e crocket :i* y are to cre/ ) sculpture1--e foliation :i* y h to fill1 pres5ts itself to ! spectator's fancy1 n only z a pretty ?+1 b z a problematic ?+4 ,x conta9$1 he p]ceives imm$iately1 n only a beauty :i* y wi%$ to display1 b a necessity :i* y 7 =c$ to meet2 & ! problem1 h[ to occupy su* & su* a space ) organic =m 9 any probable way1 or h[ to turn su* a boss or ridge into a conceivable image ( life1 becomes at once1 to him z to y1 a matt] ( amusem5t z mu* z ( admiration4 ,! ord9>y conditions ( p]fection 9 =m1 ge/ure1 or feature1 are will+ly disp5s$ )1 :5 ! ugly dw>f & unga9ly gobl9 h only to ga!r !mselves into angles1 or cr\* to c>ry corbels2 & ! want ( skill :i*1 9 o!r k9ds ( "w w\ld h be5 requir$ = ! f9i%+ ( ! p>ts1 w at once be =giv5 "h1 if y h only dispos$ +5i\sly :at y h execut$ r\ghly1 & aton$ = ! rud5ess ( y\r h&s by ! quickness ( y\r wits4 ,hi!rto1 h[ev]1 we h be5 consid]+ only ! circum/ances 9 ar*itecture fav\rable to ! developm5t ( ! p[]s ( imag9ation4 ,a yet m important po9t = u seems1 to me1 ! place :i* x gives to all ! objects ( imag9ation4 ,=1 ,i suppose1 y w n wi% me to sp5d any "t 9 prov+1 t imag9ation mu/ be vigor\s 9 proportion to ! quantity ( mat]ial :i* x has to h&le2 & t1 j z we increase ! range ( :at we see1 we increase ! ri*ness ( :at we c imag9e4 ,grant+ ?is1 consid] :at a field is op5$ to y\r fancy m]ely 9 ! subject matt] :i* ar*itecture admits4 ,ne>ly e o!r art is sev]ely limit$ 9 its subjects--! l&scape pa9t]1 = in/ance1 gets little help f ! aspects ( beautiful humanity2 ! hi/orical pa9t]1 less1 p]haps1 ?an he ought1 f ! accid5ts ( wild nature2 & ! pure sculptor1 /ill less1 f ! m9or details ( common life4 ,b is !re any?+ )9 range ( sight1 or conception1 :i* may n be ( use to y1 or 9 :i* y\r int]e/ may n be excit$ ) advantage to y\r art8 ,f visions ( angels1 d[n to ! lea/ important ge/ure ( a *ild at play1 :atev] may be conceiv$ ( ,div9e1 or beheld ( ,human1 may be d>$ or adopt$ by y3 ?r\gh\t ! k+dom ( animal life1 no creature is s va/1 or s m9ute1 t y _c deal ) x1 or br+ x into s]vice2 ! lion & ! crocodile w c\* ab\t y\r %afts2 ! mo? & ! bee w sun !mselves ^u y\r fl[]s2 = y1 ! fawn w leap2 = y1 ! snail be sl[2 = y1 ! dove smoo? h] bosom2 & ! hawk spread h] w+s t[>d ! s\?4 ,all ! wide _w ( vegetation blooms & b5ds = y2 ! leaves tremble t y may bid !m be /ill "u ! m>ble sn[2 ! ?orn & ! ?i/le1 :i* ! e>? ca/s =? z evil1 are to y ! k9dlie/ s]vants2 no dy+ petal1 nor droop+ t5dril1 is s feeble z to h no m help = y2 no rob$ pride ( blossom s k+ly1 b x w lay aside its purple to receive at y\r h&s ! pale immortality4 ,is !re any?+ 9 common life too mean1--9 common too trivial1--to be ennobl$ by y\r t\*8 ,z !re is no?+ 9 life1 s !re is no?+ 9 lifelessness :i* has n its lesson = y1 or its gift2 & :5 y are tir$ ( wat*+ ! /r5g? ( ! plume1 & ! t5d]ness ( ! leaf1 y may walk d[n to y\r r\gh riv] %ore1 or into ! ?icke/ m>kets ( y\r ?or\ghf>es1 & !re is n a piece ( torn cable t w n tw9e into a p]fect m\ld+2 !re is n a fragm5t ( ca/-away matt+1 or %att]$ basket-"w1 t w n "w into a *equ] or capital4 ,yes3 & if y ga!r up ! v s&1 & break ! /one on :i* y tread1 among its fragm5ts ( all b invisible %ells y w f9d =ms t w take _! place1 & t pr\dly1 among ! />r$ trac]ies ( y\r vault+2 & y1 :o c cr[n ! m\nta9 ) its =tress1 & ! city ) its t[]s1 are ?us able also to give beauty to a%es1 & wor?9ess to du/4 ,n[1 9 t y\r art pres5ts all ?is mat]ial to y1 y h already mu* to rejoice 94 ,b y h m to rejoice 91 because all ?is is submitt$ to y1 n to be dissect$ or analyz$1 b to be sympa?iz$ )1 & to br+ out1 !re=e1 :at may be accurately call$ ! moral "p ( imag9ation4 ,we saw t1 if we kept ourselves among l9es only1 we %\ld h cause to envy ! naturali/1 because he 0 conv]sant ) facts2 b y w h little to envy n[1 if y make y\rselves conv]sant ) ! feel+s t arise out ( 8 facts4 ,= in/ance1 ! naturali/ com+ ^u a block ( m>ble1 has to beg9 consid]+ imm$iately h[ f> its purple is ow+ to iron1 or its :it5ess to magnesia2 he breaks 8 piece ( m>ble1 & at ! close ( 8 day1 has no?+ b a little s& 9 8 crucible & "s data add$ to ! !ory ( ! elem5ts4 ,b y approa* y\r m>ble to sympa?ize ) x1 & rejoice ov] its beauty4 ,y cut x a little inde$2 b only to br+ out its ve9s m p]fectly2 & at ! end ( y\r day's "w y leave y\r m>ble %aft ) joy & complac5cy 9 its p]fectness1 z m>ble4 ,:5 y h to wat* an animal in/ead ( a /one1 y diff] f ! naturali/ 9 ! same way4 ,he may1 p]haps1 if he be an amiable naturali/1 take delight 9 hav+ liv+ creatures r\nd him2--/ill1 ! major "p ( 8 "w is1 or has be51 9 c\nt+ fea!rs1 sep>at+ fibres1 & analyz+ /ructures4 ,b y\r "w is always ) ! liv+ creature2 ! ?+ y h to get at 9 him is 8 life1 & ways ( go+ ab\t ?+s4 ,x does n matt] to y h[ _m cells !re are 9 8 bones1 or h[ _m filam5ts 9 8 fea!rs2 :at y want is 8 moral "* & way ( behav+ himself2 x is j t :i* y\r imag9ation1 if heal?y1 w fir/ seize--j t :i* y\r *isel1 if vigor\s1 w fir/ cut4 ,y mu/ get ! /orm _s into y\r eagles1 & ! lordl9ess into y\r lions1 & ! tripp+ fe> into y\r fawns2 & 9 ord] to d ?is1 y mu/ be 9 cont9ual sympa?y ) e fawn ( !m2 & be h&-9-glove ) all ! lions1 & h&-9-claw ) all ! hawks4 ,& don't fancy t y w l[] y\rselves by sympa?y ) ! l[] creatures2 y _c sympa?ize rightly ) ! high]1 unless y d ) ^?3 b y h to sympa?ize ) ! high]1 too-- ) que5s1 & k+s1 & m>tyrs1 & angels4 ,yes1 & above all1 & m ?an all1 ) simple humanity 9 all its ne$s & ways1 = !re is n "o hurri$ face t passes y 9 ! /reet t w n be impressive1 if y c only fa?om x4 ,all hi/ory is op5 to y1 all high ?\ghts & dreams t ! pa/ =tunes ( m5 c sugge/1 all fairy l& is op5 to y--no vision t ev] haunt$ =e/1 or gleam$ ov] hill-side1 b calls y to und]/& h[ x came into m5's he>ts1 & may /ill t\* !m2 & all ,p>adise is op5 to y--yes1 & ! "w ( ,p>adise2 = 9 br++ all ?is1 9 p]petual & attractive tru?1 be=e ! eyes ( y\r fell[-m51 y h to jo9 9 ! employm5t ( ! angels1 z well z to imag9e _! companies4 ,& obs]ve1 9 ?is la/ respect1 :at a peculi> importance1 & responsibility1 are atta*$ to y\r "w1 :5 y consid] its p]man5ce1 & ! multitudes to :om x is address$4 ,we frequ5tly are l$1 by wise p1 to consid] :at responsibility may sometimes atta* to words1 :i* yet1 ! *ance is1 w be he>d by few1 & =gott5 z soon z he>d4 ,b none ( y\r words w be he>d by few1 & none w be =gott51 = five or six hundr$ ye>s1 if y build well4 ,y w talk to all :o pass by2 & all ^? little sympa?ies1 ^? freaks ( fancy1 ^? je/s 9 /one1 ^? work+s-out ( problems 9 caprice1 w occupy m9d aft] m9d ( utt]ly c\ntless multitudes1 long aft] y are gone4 ,y h n1 l au?ors1 to plead = a he>+1 or to fe> oblivion4 ,d b build l>ge en\gh1 & c>ve boldly en\gh1 & all ! _w w he> y2 !y _c *oose b look4 ,i d n mean to awe y by ?is ?\ght2 ,i d n mean t because y w h s _m witnesses & wat*]s1 y are nev] to je/1 or d any?+ gaily or lightly2 on ! contr>y1 ,i h plead$1 f ! beg9n+1 = ?is art ( y\rs1 especially because x has room = ! :ole ( y\r "*--if je/ is 9 y1 let ! je/ be je/$2 if ma!matical +5uity is y\rs1 let y\r problem be put1 & y\r solution work$ out1 z qua9tly z y *oose2 above all1 see t y\r "w is easily & happily done1 else x w nev] make anybody else happy2 b :ile y ?us give ! re9 to all y\r impulses1 see t ^? impulses be head$ & c5tr$ by "o noble impulse2 & let t be ,love--triple love--= ! art :i* y practise1 ! creation 9 :i* y move1 & ! creatures to :om y m9i/]4 ,i4 ,i say1 fir/1 ,love = ! art :i* y practise4 ,be assur$ t if ev] any o!r motive becomes a lead+ "o 9 y\r m9d1 z ! pr9cipal "o = ex]tion1 except y\r love ( art1 t mom5t x is all ov] ) y\r art4 ,i d n say y are to desire money1 nor to desire fame1 nor to desire position2 y _c b desire all ?ree2 nay1 y may--if y are will+ t ,i %\ld use ! ^w ,love 9 a desecrat$ s5se--love all ?ree2 t is1 passionately covet !m1 yet y mu/ n covet or love !m 9 ! fir/ place4 ,m5 ( /rong passions & imag9ations mu/ always c>e a great deal = any?+ !y c>e = at all2 b ! :ole "q is "o ( fir/ or second4 ,does y\r art lead y1 or y\r ga9 lead y8 ,y may l mak+ money exce$+ly2 b if x come to a fair "q1 :e!r y are to make five hundr$ p\nds less by ?is bus9ess1 or to spoil y\r build+1 & y *oose to spoil y\r build+1 !re's an end ( y4 ,s y may be z ?ir/y = fame z a cricket is = cream2 b1 if x come to a fair "q1 :e!r y are to please ! mob1 or d ! ?+ z y "k x ought to be done2 & y c't d bo?1 & *oose to please ! mob1 x's all ov] ) y--!re's no hope = y2 no?+ t y c d w ev] be wor? a man's glance z he passes by4 ,! te/ is absolute1 inevitable--,is y\r art fir/ ) y8 ,!n y are arti/s2 y may be1 aft] y h made y\r money1 mis]s & usur]s2 y may be1 aft] y h got y\r fame1 jeal\s1 & pr\d1 & wret*$1 & base3 b yet1 z long z y won't spoil y\r "w1 y are arti/s4 ,on ! o!r h&--,is y\r money fir/ ) y1 & y\r fame fir/ ) y8 ,!n1 y may be v *>itable ) y\r money1 & v magnific5t ) y\r money1 & v graceful 9 ! way y we> y\r reputation1 & v c\rte\s to ^? b5ea? y1 & v acceptable to ^? above y2 b y are n arti/s4 ,y are me*anics1 & drudges4 ,,ii4 ,y mu/ love ! creation y "w 9 ! mid/ (4 ,=1 :olly 9 proportion to ! int5sity ( feel+ :i* y br+ to ! subject y h *os51 w be ! dep? & ju/ice ( our p]ception ( its "*4 ,& ?is dep? ( feel+ is n to be ga9$ on ! in/ant1 :5 y want to br+ x to be> on ?is or t4 ,x is ! result ( ! g5]al habit ( /riv+ to feel rightly2 &1 among ?\s&s ( v>i\s means ( do+ ?is1 p]haps ! "o ,i ought specially to "n to y1 is ! keep+ y\rselves cle> ( petty & mean c>es4 ,:atev] y d1 don't be anxi\s1 nor fill y\r heads ) little *agr9s & little desires4 ,i h j said1 t y may be great arti/s1 & yet be mis]ly & jeal\s1 & tr\bl$ ab\t _m ?+s4 ,s y may be2 b ,i said also t ! mis]l9ess or tr\ble mu/ n be 9 y\r he>ts all day4 ,x is possible t y may get a habit ( sav+ money2 or x is possible1 at a "t ( great trial1 y may yield to ! temptation ( speak+ unju/ly ( a rival1--& y w %ort5 y\r p[]s arid dim y\r sight ev5 by ?is2--b ! ?+ t y h to dread f> m ?an any su* unconsci\s habit1 or--any su* mom5t>y fall--is ! con/ancy ( small emotions2--! anxiety :e!r ,mr4 ,s-&-s w l y\r "w2 :e!r su* & su* a workman w d all t y want ( him1 & s on2--n wrong feel+s or anxieties 9 !mselves1 b imp]t95t1 & :olly incompatible ) ! full ex]cise ( y\r imag9ation4 ,keep y\rselves1 !re=e1 quiet1 peaceful1 ) y\r eyes op54 ,x doesn't matt] at all :at ,mr4 ,s-&-s ?9ks ( y\r "w2 b x matt]s a great deal :at t bird is do+ up !re 9 its ne/1 or h[ t vagabond *ild at ! /reet corn] is manag+ 8 game ( knuckle-d[n4 ,& rememb]1 y _c turn aside f y\r own int]e/s1 to ! birds' & ! *ildr5's int]e/s1 unless y h long be=e got into ! habit ( lov+ & wat*+ birds & *ildr52 s t x all comes at la/ to ! =gett+ y\rselves1 & ! liv+ out ( y\rselves1 9 ! calm ( ! great _w1 or if y w1 9 its agitation2 b always 9 a calm ( y\r own br++4 ,d n ?9k x wa/$ "t to submit y\rselves to any influ5ce :i* may br+ ^u y any noble feel+4 ,rise e>ly1 always wat* ! sunrise1 & ! way ! cl\ds break f ! dawn2 y w ca/ y\r /atue-drap]ies 9 q ano!r ?an y\r common way1 :5 ! remembrance ( t cl\d motion is ) y1 & ( ! sc>let ve/ure ( ! morn+4 ,live always 9 ! spr+time 9 ! c\ntry2 y d n "k :at leaf-=m means1 unless y h se5 ! buds bur/1 & ! "y leaves brea?+ l[ 9 ! sun%9e1 & wond]+ at ! fir/ %[] ( ra94 ,b above all1 accu/om y\rselves to look =1 & to love1 all nobl5ess ( ge/ure & feature 9 ! human =m2 & rememb] t ! highe/ nobl5ess is usually among ! ag$1 ! poor1 & ! infirm2 y w f9d1 9 ! end1 t x is n ! /rong arm ( ! soldi]1 nor ! laugh ( ! "y beauty1 t are ! be/ /udies = y4 ,look at !m1 & look at !m rev]5tly2 b be assur$ t endurance is nobl] ?an /r5g?1 & pati5ce ?an beauty2 & t x is n 9 ! high *ur* pews1 :]e ! gay dresses are1 b 9 ! *ur* free seats1 :]e ! wid[s' we$s are1 t y may see ! faces t w fit be/ betwe5 ! angels' w+s1 9 ! *ur* por*4 ,,iii4 ,& !re=e1 la/ly1 & *iefly1 y mu/ love ! creatures to :om y m9i/]1 y\r fell[-m52 =1 if y d n love !m1 n only w y be little int]e/$ 9 ! pass+ ev5ts ( life1 b 9 all y\r gaz+ at humanity1 y w be apt to be /ruck only by outside =m1 & n by expression4 ,x is only k9dness & t5d]ness :i* w ev] enable y to see :at beauty !re is 9 ! d>k eyes t are sunk ) weep+1 & 9 ! pal5ess ( ^? fix$ faces :i* ! e>?'s adv]sity has compass$ ab\t1 till !y %9e 9 _! pati5ce l dy+ wat*fires ?r\gh twilight4 ,b x is n ?is only :i* makes x ne$ful = y1 if y w\ld be great1 to be also k9d2 !re is a mo/ important & all-ess5tial reason 9 ! v nature ( y\r own art4 ,s soon z y desire to build l>gely1 & ) addition ( noble sculpture1 y w f9d t y\r "w mu/ be associative4 ,y _c c>ve a :ole ca!dral y\rself--y c c>ve b few & simple p>ts ( x4 ,ei!r y\r own "w mu/ be disgrac$ 9 ! mass ( ! collat]al inf]iority1 or y mu/ raise y\r fell[-design]s to correspond5ce ( p[]4 ,if y h g5ius1 y w y\rselves take ! lead 9 ! build+ y design2 y w c>ve its por* & direct its disposition4 ,b = all subsequ5t advancem5t ( its detail1 y mu/ tru/ to ! ag5cy & ! inv5tion ( o!rs2 & x re/s ) y ei!r to repress :at faculties y\r workm5 h1 into cunn+ subord9ation to y\r own2 or to rejoice 9 discov]+ ev5 ! p[]s t may rival y1 & lead+ =? m9d aft] m9d into fell[%ip ) y\r fancy1 & association ) y\r fame4 ,i ne$ n tell y t if y d ! fir/--if y endeav\r to depress or disguise ! tal5ts ( y\r subord9ates--y are lo/2 = no?+ c\ld imply m d>kly & decisively ?an ?is1 t y\r art & y\r "w 7 n belov$ by y2 t x 0 y\r own prosp]ity t y 7 seek+1 & y\r own skill only t y c>$ to contemplate4 ,i d n say t y mu/ n be jeal\s at all2 x is r>ely 9 human nature to be :olly )\t jeal\sy2 & y may be =giv5 = go+ "s day sadly home1 :5 y f9d "s y\?1 unpractis$ & unapprov$1 giv+ ! life-/roke to 8 "w :i* y1 aft] ye>s ( tra9+1 p]haps1 _c rea*2 b y\r jeal\sy mu/ n conqu]--y\r love ( y\r build+ mu/ conqu]1 help$ by y\r k9dness ( he>t4 ,see--,i set no high or difficult /&>d be=e y4 ,i d n say t y are to surr5d] y\r pre-em95ce 9 m]e unselfi% g5]osity4 ,b ,i d say t y mu/ surr5d] y\r pre-em95ce 9 y\r love ( y\r build+ help$ by y\r k9dness2 & t :omsoev] y f9d bett] able to d :at w adorn x ?an y1--t p]son y are to give place to2 & to console y\rselves = ! humiliation1 fir/1 by y\r joy 9 see+ ! edifice gr[ m beautiful "u 8 *isel1 & secondly1 by y\r s5se ( hav+ done k9dly & ju/ly4 ,b if y are morally /rong en\gh to make ! k9dness & ju/ice ! fir/ motive1 x w be bett]2--be/ ( all1 if y d n consid] x z k9dness at all1 b b>e & /]n ju/ice2 =1 truly1 su* help z we c give ea* o!r 9 ?is _w is a debt to ea* o!r2 & ! man :o p]ceives a sup]iority or a capacity 9 a subord9ate1 & nei!r confesses1 nor assi/s x1 is n m]ely ! )hold] ( k9dness1 b ! committ] ( injury4 ,b be ! motive :at y w1 only see t y d ! ?+2 & take ! joy ( ! consci\sness t1 z y\r art embraces a wid] field ?an all o!rs--& addresses a va/] multitude ?an all o!rs--& is sur] ( audi5ce ?an all o!rs--s x is pr(\nd] & holi] 9 ,fell[%ip ?an all o!rs4 ,! arti/1 :5 8 pupil is p]fect1 mu/ see him leave 8 side t he may decl>e 8 di/9ct1 p]haps oppon5t1 skill4 ,man ( sci5ce wre/les ) man ( sci5ce = priority ( discov]y1 & pursues 9 pangs ( jeal\s ha/e 8 solit>y inquiry4 ,y alone are call$ by k9dness1-- by necessity1--by equity1 to frat]nity ( toil2 & ?us1 9 ^? mi/y & massive piles :i* rise above ! dome/ic ro(s ( our anci5t cities1 !re 0--!re may be aga9--a mean+ m pr(\nd & true ?an any t fancy s commonly has atta*$ to !m4 ,m5 say _! p9nacles po9t to heav54 ,:y1 s does e tree t buds1 & e bird t rises z x s+s4 ,m5 say _! aisles are good = wor%ip4 ,:y1 s is e m\nta9 gl51 & r\gh sea-%ore4 ,b ?is !y h ( di/9ct & indisputable glory1--t _! mighty walls 7 nev] rais$1 & nev] %all be1 b by m5 :o love & aid ea* o!r 9 _! weakness2--t all _! int]lac+ /r5g? ( vault$ /one has its f\ndation ^u ! /rong] ar*es ( manly fell[%ip1 & all _! *ang+ grace ( depress$ or lift$ p9nacle owes its cad5ce & complet5ess to sweet] symmetries ( human s\l4 ,,lecture ,v4 ,,! ,,"w ,,op ,,iron1 ,,9 ,,nature1 ,,art1 ,,& ,,policy4 ,a ,lecture ,deliv]$ at ,tunbridge ,wells1 ,febru>y1 #aheh4 ,:5 fir/ ,i he>d t y wi%$ me to address y ?is ev5+1 x 0 a matt] ( "s d\bt ) me :e!r ,i c\ld f9d any subject t w\ld possess any suffici5t int]e/ = y to ju/ify my br++ y out ( y\r com=table h\ses on a w9t]'s night4 ,:5 ,i v5ture to speak ab\t my own special bus9ess ( art1 x is almo/ always be=e /ud5ts ( art1 among :om ,i may sometimes p]mit myself to be dull1 if ,i c feel t ,i am useful3 b a m]e talk ab\t art1 especially )\t examples to ref] to 7& ,i h be5 unable to prep>e any c>eful illu/rations = ?is lecture71 is seldom ( mu* int]e/ to a g5]al audi5ce4 ,z ,i 0 consid]+ :at y might be/ be> ) me 9 speak+ ab\t1 !re came naturally into my m9d a subject connect$ ) ! orig9 & pres5t prosp]ity ( ! t[n y live 92 &1 x seem$ to me1 9 ! out-bran*+s ( x1 capable ( a v g5]al int]e/4 ,:51 long ago 7,i am afraid to ?9k h[ long71 ,tunbridge ,wells 0 my ,switz]l&1 & ,i us$ to be br\ght d[n "h 9 ! summ]1 a suffici5tly active *ild1 rejoic+ 9 ! hope ( clamb]+ s&/one cliffs ( /up5d\s height above ! common1 !re us$ sometimes1 z1 ,i suppose1 !re are 9 ! lives ( all *ildr5 at ! ,wells1 to be d>k days 9 my life--days ( condemnation to ! pantiles & b&--"u :i* calamities my only consolation us$ to be 9 wat*+1 at e turn 9 my walk1 ! well+ =? ( ! spr+ ov] ! orange rim ( its m>ble bas94 ,! memory ( ! cle> wat]1 sp>kl+ ov] its saffron /a91 came back to me z ! /ronge/ image connect$ ) ! place2 & x /ruck me t y might n be unwill+1 to-night1 to ?9k a little ov] ! full significance ( t saffron /a91 & ( ! p[]1 9 o!r ways & o!r functions1 ( ! /eelly elem5t to :i* s _m "h owe return+ /r5g? & life2--*ief z x has be5 always1 & is yet m & m m>k$ly s day by day1 among ! preci\s gifts ( ! e>?4 ,! subject is1 ( c\rse1 too wide to be m ?an sugge/ively treat$2 & ev5 my sugge/ions mu/ be few1 & drawn *iefly f my own fields ( "w2 nev]!less1 ,i ?9k ,i %all h "t to indicate "s c\rses ( ?\ght :i* y may aft]w>ds foll[ out = y\rselves if !y int]e/ y2 & s ,i w n %r9k f ! full scope ( ! subject :i* ,i h ann\nc$ to y--! functions ( ,iron1 9 ,nature1 ,art1 & ,policy4 ,)\t m preface1 ,i w take up ! fir/ head4 ,i4 ,,iron ,,9 ,,nature4--,y all probably "k t ! o*re\s /a91 :i*1 p]haps1 is (t5 ?\ght to spoil ! bas9 ( y\r spr+1 is iron 9 a /ate ( ru/3 & :5 y see ru/y iron 9 o!r places y g5]ally ?9k1 n only t x spoils ! places x /a9s1 b t x is spoil$ itself--t ru/y iron is spoil$ iron4 ,= mo/ ( our uses x g5]ally is s2 & because we _c use a ru/y knife or razor s well z a poli%$ "o1 we suppose x to be a great defect 9 iron t x is subject to ru/4 ,b n at all4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! mo/ p]fect & useful /ate ( x is t o*re\s /a92 & !re=e x is end[$ ) s ready a disposition to get itself into t /ate4 ,x is n a fault 9 ! iron1 b a virtue1 to be s fond ( gett+ ru/$1 = 9 t condition x fulfils its mo/ important functions 9 ! univ]se1 & mo/ k9dly duties to mank9d4 ,nay1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 & almo/ a lit]al "o1 we may say t iron ru/$ is ,liv+2 b :5 pure or poli%$1 ,dead4 ,y all probably "k t 9 ! mix$ air we brea!1 ! "p ( x ess5tially ne$ful to u is call$ oxyg52 & t ?is sub/ance is to all animals1 9 ! mo/ accurate s5se ( ! ^w1 brea? ( life4 ,! n]v\s p[] ( life is a diff]5t ?+2 b ! support+ elem5t ( ! brea?1 )\t :i* ! blood1 & !re=e ! life1 _c be n\ri%$1 is ?is oxyg54 ,n[ x is ?is v same air :i* ! iron brea!s :5 x gets ru/y4 ,x takes ! oxyg5 f ! atmosph]e z eag]ly z we d1 ?\gh x uses x diff]5tly4 ,! iron keeps all t x gets2 we1 & o!r animals1 "p ) x aga92 b ! metal absolutely keeps :at x has once receiv$ ( ?is a]ial gift2 & ! o*re\s du/ :i* we s mu* despise is1 9 fact1 j s mu* nobl] ?an pure iron1 9 s f> z x is iron & ! air4 ,nobl]1 & m useful--=1 inde$1 z ,i %all be able to %[ y pres5tly--! ma9 s]vice ( ?is metal1 & ( all o!r metals1 to u1 is n 9 mak+ knives1 & scissors1 & pok]s1 & pans1 b 9 mak+ ! gr\nd we fe$ f1 & ne>ly all ! sub/ances fir/ ne$ful to our exi/5ce4 ,= ^! are all no?+ b metals & oxyg5--metals ) brea? put into !m4 ,s&1 lime1 clay1 & ! re/ ( ! e>?s--pota% & soda1 & ! re/ ( ! alkalies--are all ( !m metals :i* h und]gone ?is1 s to speak1 vital *ange1 & h be5 r5d]$ fit = ! s]vice ( man by p]man5t unity ) ! pure/ air :i* he himself brea!s4 ,!re is only "o metal :i* does n ru/ readily2 & t1 9 its influ5ce on ,man hi!rto1 has caus$ ,dea? r ?an ,life2 x w n be put to its "r use till x is made a pavem5t (1 & s trodd5 "u foot4 ,is !re n some?+ /rik+ 9 ?is fact1 consid]$ l>gely z "o ( ! types1 or lessons1 furni%$ by ! inanimate creation8 ,"h y h y\r h>d1 bright1 cold1 lifeless metal--good en\gh = swords & scissors--b n = food4 ,y ?9k1 p]haps1 t y\r iron is wond]fully useful 9 a pure =m1 b h[ w\ld y l ! _w1 if all y\r mead[s1 in/ead ( grass1 grew no?+ b iron wire--if all y\r arable gr\nd1 in/ead ( be+ made ( s& & clay1 7 sudd5ly turn$ into flat surfaces ( /eel--if ! :ole e>?1 in/ead ( its gre5 & gl[+ sph]e1 ri* ) =e/ & fl[]1 %[$ no?+ b ! image ( ! va/ furnace ( a gha/ly eng9e--a globe ( black1 lifeless1 excoriat$ metal8 ,x w\ld be t1--probably x 0 once t2 b assur$ly x w\ld be1 7 x n t all ! sub/ance ( :i* x is made sucks & brea!s ! brilliancy ( ! atmosph]e2 & z x brea!s1 s(t5+ f its m]ciless h>dness1 x falls into fruitful & b5efic5t du/2 ga!r+ itself aga9 into ! e>?s f :i* we fe$1 & ! /ones ) :i* we build2-- into ! rocks t frame ! m\nta9s1 & ! s&s t b9d ! sea4 ,h5ce1 x is impossible = y to take up ! mo/ insignificant pebble at y\r feet1 )\t be+ able to read1 if y l1 ?is curi\s lesson 9 x4 ,y look ^u x at fir/ z if x 7 e>? only4 ,nay1 x answ]s1 ,i am n e>?--,i am e>? & air 9 "o2 "p ( t blue heav5 :i* y love1 & long =1 is already 9 me2 x is all my life--)\t x ,i %\ld be no?+1 & able = no?+2 ,i c\ld n m9i/] to y1 nor n\ri% y--,i %\ld be a cruel & helpless ?+2 b1 because !re is1 accord+ to my ne$ & place 9 creation1 a k9d ( s\l 9 me1 ,i h become capable ( good1 & helpful 9 ! circles ( vitality4 ,?us f> ! same int]e/ atta*es to all ! e>?s1 & all ! metals ( :i* !y are made2 b a deep] int]e/1 & l>g] b5efic5ce belong to t o*re\s e>? ( iron :i* /a9s ! m>ble ( y\r spr+s4 ,x /a9s mu* besides t m>ble4 ,x /a9s ! great e>? :]esoev] y c see x1 f> & wide--x is ! col\r+ sub/ance appo9t$ to col\r ! globe = ! sight1 z well z subdue x to ! s]vice ( man4 ,y h j se5 y\r hills cov]$ ) sn[1 &1 p]haps1 h enjoy$1 at fir/1 ! contra/ ( _! fair :ite ) ! d>k blocks ( p9e woods2 b h y ev] consid]$ h[ y w\ld l !m always :ite--n pure :ite1 b dirty :ite--! :ite ( ?aw1 ) all ! *ill ( sn[ 9 x1 b none ( its brightness8 ,t is :at ! col\r ( ! e>? w\ld be )\t its iron2 t w\ld be its col\r1 n "h or !re only1 b 9 all places1 & at all times4 ,foll[ out t idea till y get x 9 "s detail4 ,?9k fir/ ( y\r pretty gravel walks 9 y\r g>d5s1 yell[ & f9e1 l plots ( sun%9e betwe5 ! fl[]- b$s2 fancy !m all sudd5ly turn$ to ! col\r ( a%es4 ,t is :at !y w\ld be )\t iron o*re4 ,?9k ( y\r w9d+ walks ov] ! common1 z w>m to ! eye z !y are dry to ! foot1 & imag9e !m all laid d[n sudd5ly ) gray c9d]s4 ,!n pass beyond ! common into ! c\ntry1 & pause at ! fir/ pl\gh$ field t y see sweep+ up ! hill sides 9 ! sun1 ) its deep br[n furr[s1 & weal? ( ridges all a-gl[1 heav$ aside by ! pl\gh%>e1 l deep folds ( a mantle ( russet velvet--fancy x all *ang$ sudd5ly into grisly furr[s 9 a field ( mud4 ,t is :at x w\ld be )\t iron4 ,pass on1 9 fancy1 ov] hill & dale1 till y rea* ! b5d+ l9e ( ! sea %ore2 g d[n ^u its breezy bea*--wat* ! :ite foam fla%+ among ! amb] ( x1 & all ! blue sea embay$ 9 belts ( gold3 !n fancy ^? circlets ( f> sweep+ %ore sudd5ly put into m\nds ( m\rn+--all ^? gold5 s&s turn$ into gray slime1 ! fairies no m able to call to ea* o!r1 ,come unto ^! yell[ s&s2 b1 ,come unto ^! drab s&s4 ,t is :at !y w\ld be1 )\t iron4 ,iron is 9 "s sort1 !re=e1 ! sun%9e & light ( l&scape1 s f> z t light dep5ds on ! gr\nd2 b x is a s\rce ( ano!r k9d ( sun%9e1 q z important to u 9 ! way we live at pres5t--sun%9e1 n ( l&scape1 b ( dwell+-place4 ,9 ^! days ( swift locomotion ,i may d\btless assume t mo/ ( my audi5ce h be5 some:]e out ( ,engl&--h be5 9 ,scotl&1 or ,france1 or ,switz]l&4 ,:atev] may h be5 _! impression1 on return+ to _! own c\ntry1 ( its sup]iority or inf]iority 9 o!r respects1 !y _c b h felt "o ?+ ab\t x--! com=table look ( its t[ns & villages4 ,=eign t[ns are (t5 v picturesque1 v beautiful1 b !y nev] h q t look ( w>m self-suffici5cy & :olesome quiet1 ) :i* our villages ne/le !mselves d[n among ! gre5 fields4 ,if y w take ! tr\ble to exam9e into ! s\rces ( ?is impression1 y w f9d t by f> ! great] "p ( t w>m & satisfactory appe>ance dep5ds ^u ! ri* sc>let col\r ( ! bricks & tiles4 ,x does n belong to ! neat build+--v neat build+ has an uncom=table r ?an a com=table look--b x dep5ds on ! w>m build+2 our villages are dress$ 9 r$ tiles z our old wom5 are 9 r$ cloaks2 & x does n matt] h[ worn ! cloaks1 or h[ b5t & b[$ ! ro( may be1 s long z !re are no holes 9 ei!r "o or ! o!r1 & ! sob]$ b unext+ui%able col\r /ill gl[s 9 ! %ad[ ( ! hood1 & burns among ! gre5 mosses ( ! gable4 ,& :at d y suppose dyes y\r tiles ( cottage ro(8 ,y don't pa9t !m4 ,x is nature :o puts all t lovely v]milion into ! clay = y2 & all t lovely v]milion is ?is oxide ( iron4 ,?9k1 !re=e1 :at y\r /reets ( t[ns w\ld become--ugly en\gh1 inde$1 already1 "s ( !m1 b /ill com=table-look+-- if in/ead ( t w>m brick r$1 ! h\ses became all pepp]-&- salt col\r4 ,fancy y\r c\ntry villages *ang+ f t homely sc>let ( !irs :i*1 9 its sweet sugge/ion ( labori\s peace1 is z hon\rable z ! soldi]s' sc>let ( labori\s battle--suppose all ^? cottage ro(s1 ,i say1 turn$ at once into ! col\r ( unbak$ clay1 ! col\r ( /reet gutt]s 9 ra9y wea!r4 ,t's :at !y w\ld be1 )\t iron4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 yet ano!r effect ( col\r 9 our ,engli% c\ntry t[ns :i*1 p]haps1 y may n all y\rselves h notic$1 b = :i* y mu/ take ! ^w ( a sket*]4 ,!y are n s (t5 m]ely w>m sc>let z !y are w>m purple2--a m beautiful col\r /ill3 & !y owe ?is col\r to a m+l+ ) ! v]milion ( ! deep grayi% or purple hue ( our f9e ,wel% slates on ! m respectable ro(s1 made m blue /ill by ! col\r ( int]v5+ atmosph]e4 ,if y exam9e "o ( ^! ,wel% slates fre%ly brok51 y w f9d its purple col\r cle> & vivid2 & al?\gh nev] /rik+ly s aft] x has be5 long expos$ to wea!r1 x always reta9s en\gh ( ! t9t to give ri* h>monies ( di/ant purple 9 opposition to ! gre5 ( our woods & fields4 ,:atev] brightness or p[] !re is 9 ! hue is entirely ow+ to ! oxide ( iron4 ,)\t x ! slates w\ld ei!r be pale /one col\r1 or cold gray1 or black4 ,?us f> we h only be5 consid]+ ! use & pleasantness ( iron 9 ! common e>? ( clay4 ,b !re are ?ree k9ds ( e>? :i* 9 mix$ mass & preval5t quantity1 =m ! _w4 ,^? are1 9 common language1 ! e>?s ( clay1 ( lime1 & ( fl9t4 ,_m o!r elem5ts are m+l$ ) ^! 9 sp>+ quantities2 b ! great frame & sub/ance ( ! e>? is made ( ^! ?ree1 s t :]ev] y /& on solid gr\nd1 9 any c\ntry ( ! globe1 ! ?+ t is ma9ly "u y\r feet w be ei!r clay1 lime/one1 or "s condition ( ! e>? ( fl9t1 m+l$ ) bo?4 ,^! be+ :at we h usually to deal )1 ,nature seems to h set h]self to make ^! ?ree sub/ances z int]e/+ to u1 & z beautiful = u1 z %e c4 ,! clay1 be+ a s(t & *angeable sub/ance1 %e doesn't take mu* pa9s ab\t1 z we h se51 till x is bak$2 %e br+s ! col\r into x only :5 x receives a p]man5t =m4 ,b ! lime/one & fl9t %e pa9ts1 9 h] own way1 9 _! native /ate3 & h] object 9 pa9t+ !m seems to be mu* ! same z 9 h] pa9t+ ( fl[]s2 to draw u1 c>eless & idle human creatures1 to wat* h] a little1 & see :at %e is ab\t--t be+ on ! :ole good = u1--h] *ildr54 ,= ,nature is always c>ry+ on v /range "w ) ?is lime/one & fl9t ( h]s3 lay+ d[n b$s ( !m at ! bottom ( ! sea2 build+ isl&s out ( ! sea2 fill+ *9ks & ve9s 9 m\nta9s ) curi\s treasures2 petrify+ mosses1 & trees1 & %ells2 9 fact1 c>ry+ on all sorts ( bus9ess1 subt]ranean or subm>9e1 :i* x w\ld be highly desirable = u1 :o pr(it & live by x1 to notice z x goes on4 ,& app>5tly to lead u to d ?is1 %e makes picture-books = u ( lime/one & fl9t2 & tempts u1 l fooli% *ildr5 z we are1 to read h] books by ! pretty col\rs 9 !m4 ,! pretty col\rs 9 h] lime/one-books =m ^? v>iegat$ m>bles :i* all mank9d h tak5 delight to poli% & build ) f ! beg9n+ ( "t2 & ! pretty col\rs 9 h] fl9t-books =m ^? agates1 jasp]s1 cornelians1 blood/ones1 onyxes1 cairngorms1 *rysoprases1 :i* m5 h 9 l mann] tak5 delight to cut1 & poli%1 & make ornam5ts (1 f ! beg9n+ ( "t2 & yet1 s mu* ( babies are !y1 & s fond ( look+ at ! pictures in/ead ( read+ ! book1 t ,i "q :e!r1 aft] six ?\s& ye>s ( cutt+ & poli%+1 !re are above two or ?ree p out ( any giv5 hundr$1 :o "k1 or c>e to "k1 h[ a bit ( agate or a bit ( m>ble 0 made1 or pa9t$4 ,h[ x 0 made1 may n be always v easy to say2 b ) :at x 0 pa9t$ !re is no mann] ( "q4 ,all ^? beautiful violet ve9+s & v>iegations ( ! m>bles ( ,sicily & ,spa91 ! gl[+ orange & amb] col\rs ( ^? ( ,si5a1 ! deep russet ( ! ,rosso antico1 & ! blood-col\r ( all ! preci\s jasp]s t enri* ! temples ( ,italy2 &1 f9ally1 all ! lovely transitions ( t9t 9 ! pebbles ( ,scotl& & ! ,rh9e1 :i* =m1 ?\gh n ! mo/ preci\s1 by f> ! mo/ int]e/+ portion ( our mod]n jewell]s' "w2--all ^! are pa9t$ by nature ) ?is "o mat]ial only1 v>i\sly proportion$ & appli$--! oxide ( iron t /a9s y\r ,tunbridge spr+s4 ,b ?is is n all1 nor ! be/ "p ( ! "w ( iron4 ,its s]vice 9 produc+ ^! beautiful /ones is only r5d]$ to ri* p1 :o c af=d to qu>ry & poli% !m4 ,b ,nature pa9ts = all ! _w1 poor & ri* toge!r3 & :ile1 !re=e1 %e ?us adorns ! inn]mo/ rocks ( h] hills1 to tempt y\r inve/igation1 or indulge y\r luxury1--%e pa9ts1 f> m c>efully1 ! outsides ( ! hills1 :i* are = ! eyes ( ! %eph]d & ! pl\ghman4 ,i spoke j n[ ( ! effect 9 ! ro(s ( our villages ( _! purple slates3 b if ! slates are beautiful ev5 9 _! flat & =mal r[s on h\se-ro(s1 mu* m are !y beautiful on ! rugg$ cre/s & flanks ( _! native m\nta9s4 ,h y ev] consid]$1 9 speak+ z we d s (t5 ( di/ant blue hills1 :at x is t makes !m blue8 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t x is di/ance2 b di/ance alone w n d x4 ,_m hills look :ite1 h[ev] di/ant4 ,t lovely d>k purple col\r ( our ,wel% & ,highl& hills is ow+1 n to _! di/ance m]ely1 b to _! rocks4 ,"s ( _! rocks are1 inde$1 too d>k to be beautiful1 be+ black or a%y gray2 ow+ to imp]fect & por\s /ructure4 ,b :5 y see ?is d>k col\r da%$ ) russet & blue1 & com+ out 9 masses among ! gre5 f]ns1 s purple t y c h>dly tell at fir/ :e!r x is rock or hea!r1 !n y mu/ ?ank y\r old ,tunbridge fri5d1 ! oxide ( iron4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,x is necess>y = ! beauty ( hill sc5]y t ,nature %\ld col\r n only h] s(t rocks1 b h] h>d ones2 & %e col\rs !m ) ! same ?+1 only m beautifully4 ,p]haps y h wond]$ at my use ( ! ^w purple1 s (t5 ( /ones2 b ! ,greeks1 & /ill m ! ,romans1 :o _h pr(\nd respect = purple1 us$ x ( /one long ago4 ,y h all he>d ( porphyry z among ! mo/ preci\s ( ! h>d] massive /ones4 ,! col\r :i* gave x t noble "n1 z well z t :i* gives ! flu% to all ! rosy granite ( ,egypt--yes1 & to ! rosie/ summits ( ! ,alps !mselves--is /ill ow+ to ! same sub/ance--y\r humble oxide ( iron4 ,& la/ ( all3 ,a nobl] col\r ?an all ^!--! noble/ col\r ev] se5 on ?is e>?--"o :i* belongs to a /r5g? great] ?an t ( ! ,egyptian granite1 & to a beauty great] ?an t ( ! sunset or ! rose--is /ill my/]i\sly connect$ ) ! pres5ce ( ?is d>k iron4 ,i believe x is n asc]ta9$ on :at ! crimson ( blood actually dep5ds2 b ! col\r is connect$1 ( c\rse1 ) its vitality1 & t vitality ) ! exi/5ce ( iron z "o ( its sub/antial elem5ts4 ,is x n /range to f9d ?is /]n & /rong metal m+l$ s delicately 9 our human life1 t we _c ev5 blu% )\t its help8 ,?9k ( x1 my fair & g5tle he>]s2 h[ t]rible ! alt]native--sometimes y h actually no *oice b to be braz5- fac$1 or iron-fac$6 ,9 ?is slight review ( "s ( ! functions ( ! metal1 y obs]ve t ,i conf9e myself /rictly to its op]ations z a col\r+ elem5t4 ,i %\ld only confuse y\r conception ( ! facts1 if ,i endeav\r$ to describe its uses z a sub/antial elem5t1 ei!r 9 /r5g!n+ rocks1 or influ5c+ vegetation by ! decomposition ( rocks4 ,i h n1 !re=e1 ev5 glanc$ at any ( ! m s]i\s uses ( ! metal 9 ! economy ( nature4 ,b :at ,i wi% y to c>ry cle>ly away ) y is ! remembrance t 9 all ^! uses ! metal w\ld be no?+ )\t ! air4 ,! pure metal has no p[]1 & nev] occurs 9 nature at all except 9 meteoric /ones1 ^: fall no "o c acc\nt =1 & :i* are useless aft] !y h fall53 9 ! necess>y "w ( ! _w1 ! iron is inv>iably jo9$ ) ! oxyg51 & w\ld be capable ( no s]vice or beauty :atev] )\t x4 ,,ii4 ,,iron ,,9 ,,art4--,pass+1 !n1 f ! (fices ( ! metal 9 ! op]ations ( nature to its uses 9 ! h&s ( man1 y mu/ rememb]1 9 ! outset1 t ! type :i* has be5 ?us giv5 y1 by ! lifeless metal1 ( ! action ( body & s\l toge!r1 has noble antitype 9 ! op]ation ( all human p[]4 ,all art wor?y ! "n is ! en]gy--nei!r ( ! human body alone1 nor ( ! human s\l alone1 b ( bo? unit$1 "o guid+ ! o!r3 good craftsman%ip & "w ( ! f+]s1 jo9$ ) good emotion & "w ( ! he>t4 ,!re is no good art1 nor possible judgm5t ( art1 :5 ^! two are n unit$2 yet we are con/antly try+ to sep>ate !m4 ,our amateurs _c be p]suad$ b t !y may produce "s k9d ( art by _! fancy or s5sibility1 )\t go+ ?r\gh ! necess>y manual toil4 ,t is entirely hopeless4 ,)\t a c]ta9 numb]1 & t a v great numb]1 ( /eady acts ( h&--a practice z c>eful & con/ant z w\ld be necess>y to le>n any o!r manual bus9ess--no draw+ is possible4 ,on ! o!r side1 ! workman1 & ^? :o employ him1 are cont9ually try+ to produce art by trick or habit ( f+]s1 )\t us+ _! fancy or s5sibility4 ,t also is hopeless4 ,)\t m+l+ ( he>t-passion ) h&-p[]1 no art is possible4 ,footnote3 ,no f9e art1 t is4 ,see ! previ\s def9ition ( f9e art at p4 #ch4 ,! highe/ art unites bo? 9 _! int5se/ degrees3 ! action ( ! h& at its f9e/1 ) t ( ! he>t at its fulle/4 ,h5ce x foll[s t ! utmo/ p[] ( art c only be giv5 9 a mat]ial capable ( receiv+ & reta9+ ! influ5ce ( ! subtle/ t\* ( ! human h&4 ,t h& is ! mo/ p]fect ag5t ( mat]ial p[] exi/+ 9 ! univ]se2 & its full subtlety c only be %[n :5 ! mat]ial x works on1 or )1 is entirely yield+4 ,! *ords ( a p]fect in/rum5t w receive x1 b n ( an imp]fect "o2 ! s(tly b5d+ po9t ( ! hair p5cil1 & s(t melt+ ( col\r1 w receive x1 b n ev5 ! *alk or p5 po9t1 /ill less ! /eel po9t1 *isel1 or m>ble4 ,! h& ( a sculptor may1 inde$1 be z subtle z t ( a pa9t]1 b all its subtlety is n be/[able nor expressible3 ! t\* ( ,titian1 ,correggio1 or ,turn]1 ,footnote3 ,see ,app5dix ,,iv41 ,subtlety ( ,h&4 is a f> m m>vell\s piece ( n]v\s action ?an c be %[n 9 any?+ b col\r1 or 9 ! v highe/ conditions ( executive expression 9 music4 ,9 proportion z ! mat]ial work$ ^u is less delicate1 ! execution necess>ily becomes l[]1 & ! art ) x4 ,?is is "o ma9 pr9ciple ( all "w4 ,ano!r is1 t :atev] ! mat]ial y *oose to "w )1 y\r art is base if x does n br+ out ! di/9ctive qualities ( t mat]ial4 ,! reason ( ?is second law is1 t if y don't want ! qualities ( ! sub/ance y use1 y ought to use "s o!r sub/ance3 x c be only affectation1 & desire to display y\r skill1 t lead y to employ a refractory sub/ance1 & !re=e y\r art w all be base4 ,glass1 = in/ance1 is em95tly1 9 its nature1 transp>5t4 ,if y don't want transp>5cy1 let ! glass alone4 ,d n try to make a w9d[ look l an opaque picture1 b take an opaque gr\nd to beg9 )4 ,aga91 m>ble is em95tly a solid & massive sub/ance4 ,unless y want mass & solidity1 don't "w 9 m>ble4 ,if y wi% = lightness1 take wood2 if = fre$om1 take /ucco2 if = ductility1 take glass4 ,don't try to c>ve lea!rs1 or trees1 or nets1 or foam1 out ( m>ble4 ,c>ve :ite limbs & broad brea/s only out ( t4 ,s aga91 iron is em95tly a ductile & t5aci\s sub/ance-- t5aci\s above all ?+s1 ductile m ?an mo/4 ,:5 y want t5acity1 !re=e1 & involv$ =m1 take iron4 ,x is em95tly made = t4 ,x is ! mat]ial giv5 to ! sculptor z ! companion ( m>ble1 ) a message1 z pla9 z x c well be spok51 f ! lips ( ! e>?-"m1 ,"h's = y to cut1 & "h's = y to hamm]4 ,%ape ?is1 & twi/ t4 ,:at is solid & simple1 c>ve out2 :at is ?9 & entangl$1 beat out4 ,i give y all k9ds ( =ms to be delight$ 92--flutt]+ leaves z well z fair bodies2 twi/$ bran*es z well z op5 br[s4 ,! leaf & ! bran* y may beat & drag into _! imag]y3 ! body & br[ y %all rev]5tly t\* into _! imag]y4 ,& if y *oose rightly & "w rightly1 :at y d %all be safe aft]w>ds4 ,y\r sl5d] leaves %all n break (f 9 my t5aci\s iron1 ?\gh !y may be ru/$ a little ) an iron autumn4 ,y\r broad surfaces %all n be unsmoo!d 9 my pure cry/all9e m>ble--no decay %all t\* !m4 ,b if y c>ve 9 ! m>ble :at w break ) a t\*1 or m\ld 9 ! metal :at a /a9 ( ru/ or v]digris w spoil1 x is y\r fault--n m9e4 ,^! are ! ma9 pr9ciples 9 ?is matt]2 :i*1 l ne>ly all o!r "r pr9ciples 9 art1 we mod]ns delight 9 contradict+ z directly & specially z may be4 ,we cont9ually look =1 & praise1 9 our exhibitions ! sculpture ( veils1 & lace1 & ?9 leaves1 & all k9ds ( impossible ?+s pu%$ z f> z possible 9 ! fragile /one1 = ! sake ( %[+ ! sculptor's dext]ity4 ,footnote3 ,i d n mean to atta* any degree ( blame to ! ef=t to repres5t leafage 9 m>ble = c]ta9 expressive purposes4 ,! lat] works ( ,mr4 ,munro h dep5d$ = "s ( _! mo/ t5d] ?\ghts on a delicate & skilful use ( su* accessories4 ,& 9 g5]al1 leaf sculpture is good & admirable1 if x r5d]s1 z 9 ,go?ic "w1 ! grace & lightness ( ! leaf by ! arrangem5t ( light & %ad[ --support+ ! masses well by /r5g? ( /one bel[2 b all c>v+ is base :i* proposes to itself slightness z an aim1 & tries to imitate ! absolute ?9ness ( ?9 or slight ?+s1 z mu* mod]n wood c>v+ does1 ,i saw 9 ,italy1 a ye> or two ago1 a m>ble sculpture ( birds' ne/s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we ca/ our iron into b>s--brittle1 ?\gh an in* ?ick--%>p5 !m at ! ends1 & consid] f5ces1 & o!r "w1 made ( su* mat]ials1 decorative6 ,i d n believe x w\ld be easy to calculate ! am\nt ( mis*ief done to our ta/e 9 ,engl& by t f5ce iron-"w ( ours alone4 ,if x 7 ask$ ( u by a s+le *>act]i/ic1 to di/+ui% ! dwell+s ( a c\ntry into two broad sections2 & to set1 on "o side1 ! places :]e p 71 = ! mo/ "p1 simple1 happy1 b5evol5t1 & hone/2 &1 on ! o!r side1 ! places :]e at lea/ a great numb] ( ! p 7 sophi/icat$1 unk9d1 uncom=table1 & unpr9cipl$1 !re is1 ,i ?9k1 "o feature t y c\ld fix ^u z a positive te/3 ! uncom=table & unpr9cipl$ p>ts ( a c\ntry w\ld be ! p>ts :]e p liv$ among iron rail+s1 & ! com=table & pr9cipl$ p>ts :]e !y _h none4 ,a broad g5]alization1 y w say6 ,p]haps a little too broad2 yet1 9 all sobriety1 x w come tru] ?an y ?9k4 ,consid] e o!r k9d ( f5ce or def5ce1 & y w f9d "s virtue 9 x2 b 9 ! iron rail+ none4 ,!re is1 fir/1 y\r ca/le ramp>t ( /one--some:at too gr& to be consid]$ "h among our types ( f5c+2 next1 y\r g>d5 or p>k wall ( brick1 :i* has inde$ (t5 an unk9d look on ! outside1 b !re is m mode/y 9 x ?an unk9dness4 ,x g5]ally means1 n t ! build] ( x wants to %ut y out f ! view ( 8 g>d51 b f ! view ( himself3 x is a frank /atem5t t z he ne$s a c]ta9 portion ( "t to himself1 s he ne$s a c]ta9 portion ( gr\nd to himself1 & mu/ n be />$ at :5 he digs !re 9 8 %irt- sleeves1 or plays at leapfrog ) 8 boys f s*ool1 or talks ov] old times ) 8 wife1 walk+ up & d[n 9 ! ev5+ sun%9e4 ,besides1 ! brick wall has good practical s]vice 9 x1 & %elt]s y f ! ea/ w9d1 & rip5s y\r pea*es & nect>9es1 & gl[s 9 autumn l a sunny bank4 ,&1 moreov]1 y\r brick wall1 if y build x prop]ly1 s t x %all /& long en\gh1 is a beautiful ?+ :5 x is old1 & has assum$ its grave purple r$1 t\*$ ) mossy gre54 ,next to y\r lordly wall1 9 dignity ( enclosure1 comes y\r close-set wood5 pal+1 :i* is m objectionable1 because x commonly means enclosure on a l>g] scale ?an p want4 ,/ill x is significative ( pleasant p>ks1 & well-kept field walks1 & h]ds ( de]1 & o!r su* ari/ocratic pa/oralisms1 :i* h "h & !re _! prop] place 9 a c\ntry1 & may be pass$ )\t any discr$it4 ,next to y\r pal+1 comes y\r l[ /one dyke1 y\r m\nta9 f5ce1 indicative at a glance ei!r ( wild hill c\ntry1 or ( b$s ( /one b5ea? ! soil2 ! h$ge ( ! m\nta9s--delightful 9 all its associations1 & yet m 9 ! v>i$ & craggy =ms ( ! loose /ones x is built (2 & next to ! l[ /one wall1 y\r l[l& h$ge1 ei!r 9 trim l9e ( massive gre51 sugge/$ ( ! pleasances ( old ,elizabe?an h\ses1 & smoo? alleys = ag$ feet1 & qua9t labyr9?s = "y ones1 or else 9 fair entanglem5t ( eglant9e & virg9's b[]1 toss+ its sc5t$ luxuriance along our c\ntry waysides2--h[ _m su* y h "h among y\r pretty hills1 fruitful ) black clu/]s ( ! bramble = boys 9 autumn1 & crimson haw?orn b]ries = birds 9 w9t]4 ,& !n la/1 & mo/ difficult to class among f5ces1 comes y\r h&rail1 expressive ( all sorts ( ?+s2 sometimes hav+ a kn[+ & vici\s look1 :i* x le>ns at race-c\rses2 sometimes an innoc5t & t5d] look1 :i* x le>ns at ru/ic bridges ov] cressy brooks2 & sometimes a prud5t & protective look1 :i* x le>ns on passes ( ! ,alps1 :]e x has po/s ( granite & b>s ( p9e1 & gu>ds ! br[s ( cliffs & ! banks ( torr5ts4 ,s t 9 all ^! k9ds ( def5ce !re is "s good1 pleasant1 or noble mean+4 ,b :at mean+ has ! iron rail+8 ,ei!r1 obs]ve1 t y are liv+ 9 ! mid/ ( su* bad *>act]s t y mu/ keep !m out by ma9 =ce ( b>1 or t y are y\rself ( a "* requir+ to be kept inside 9 ! same mann]4 ,y\r iron rail+ always means ?ieves outside1 or ,b$lam inside2 x c mean no?+ else ?an t4 ,if ! p outside 7 good = any?+1 a h9t 9 ! way ( f5ce w\ld be en\gh = !m2 b because !y are viol5t & at enmity ) y1 y are =c$ to put ! close b>s & ! spikes at ! top4 ,la/ summ] ,i 0 lodg+ = a little :ile 9 a cottage 9 ! c\ntry1 & 9 front ( my l[ w9d[ !re 71 fir/ "s b$s ( daisies1 !n a r[ ( gooseb]ry & currant bu%es1 & !n a l[ wall ab\t ?ree feet above ! gr\nd1 cov]$ ) /one-cress4 ,outside1 a corn-field1 ) its gre5 e>s gli/5+ 9 ! sun1 & a field pa? ?r\gh x1 j pa/ ! g>d5 gate4 ,f my w9d[ ,i c\ld see e peasant ( ! village :o pass$ t way1 ) basket on arm = m>ket1 or spade on %\ld] = field4 ,:5 ,i 0 incl9$ = society1 ,i c\ld lean ov] my wall1 & talk to anybody2 :5 ,i 0 incl9$ = sci5ce1 ,i c\ld botanize all along ! top ( my wall-- !re 7 f\r species ( /one-cress alone gr[+ on x2 & :5 ,i 0 incl9$ = ex]cise1 ,i c\ld jump ov] my wall1 backw>ds & =w>ds4 ,t's ! sort ( f5ce to h 9 a ,*ri/ian c\ntry2 n a ?+ :i* y c't walk inside ( )\t mak+ y\rself look l a wild bea/1 nor look at out ( y\r w9d[ 9 ! morn+ )\t expect+ to see somebody impal$ ^u x 9 ! night4 ,& yet f>!r1 obs]ve t ! iron rail+ is a useless f5ce--x c %elt] no?+1 & support no?+2 y c't nail y\r pea*es to x1 nor protect y\r fl[]s ) x1 nor make any?+ :atev] out ( its co/ly tyranny2 & besides be+ useless1 x is an insol5t f5ce2--x says pla9ly to ev]ybody :o passes--,y may be an hone/ p]son1--b1 also1 y may be a ?ief3 hone/ or n1 y %all n get 9 "h1 = ,i am a respectable p]son1 & mu* above y2 y %all only see :at a gr& place ,i h got to keep y out (--look "h1 & dep>t 9 humiliation4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 be+ 9 ! pres5t /ate ( civilization a frequ5t mann] ( disc\rse1 & !re be+ un=tunately _m di/ricts :]e ! iron rail+ is unavoidable1 x yet rema9s a "q :e!r y ne$ absolutely make x ugly1 no less ?an significative ( evil4 ,y mu/ h rail+s r\nd y\r squ>es 9 ,london1 & at ! sides ( y\r areas2 b ne$ y !re=e h rail+s s ugly t ! con/ant sight ( !m is en\gh to neutralise ! effect ( all ! s*ools ( art 9 ! k+dom8 ,y ne$ n4 ,f> f su* necessity1 x is ev5 9 y\r p[] to turn all y\r police =ce ( iron b>s actually into draw+ ma/]s1 & natural hi/orians4 ,n1 ( c\rse1 )\t "s tr\ble & "s exp5se2 y c d no?+ mu* wor? do+1 9 ?is _w1 )\t tr\ble1 y c get no?+ mu* wor? hav+ )\t exp5se4 ,! ma9 "q is only--:at is wor? do+ & hav+3--,consid]1 !re=e1 if ?is be n4 ,"h is y\r iron rail+1 z yet1 an un$ucat$ mon/]2 a sombre s5es*al1 incapable ( any words1 except 8 p]petual ,keep out6 & ,away ) y6 ,w\ld x n be wor? "s tr\ble & co/ to turn ?is unga9ly ruffian port] into a well-educat$ s]vant2 :o1 :ile he 0 sev]e z ev] 9 =bidd+ entrance to evilly-dispos$ p1 %\ld yet h a k9d ^w = well-dispos$ p1 & a pleasant look1 & a little useful in=mation at 8 comm&1 9 case he %\ld be ask$ a "q by ! pass]s-by8 ,we h n "t to-night to look at _m examples ( ironwork2 & ^? ,i happ5 to h by me are n ! be/2 ironwork is n "o ( my special subjects ( /udy2 s t ,i only h memor&a ( bits t happ5$ to come into picturesque subjects :i* ,i 0 draw+ = o!r reasons4 ,besides1 ext]nal ironwork is m difficult to f9d good ?an any o!r sort ( anci5t art2 = :5 x gets ru/y & brok51 p are sure1 if !y c af=d x1 to s5d x to ! old iron %op1 & get a f9e new grat+ in/ead2 & 9 ! great cities ( ,italy1 ! old iron is ?us ne>ly all gone3 ! be/ bits ,i rememb] 9 ! op5 air 7 at ,brescia2--fanta/ic sprays ( laurel- l foliage ris+ ov] ! g>d5 gates2 & !re are a few f9e fragm5ts at ,v]ona1 & "s good trellis-"w enclos+ ! ,scala tombs2 b on ! :ole1 ! mo/ int]e/+ pieces1 ?\gh by no means ! pure/ 9 /yle1 are to be f\nd 9 out-(-!-way prov9cial t[ns1 :]e p d n c>e1 or are unable1 to make polite alt]ations4 ,! little t[n ( ,bell9zona1 = in/ance1 on ! s\? ( ! ,alps1 & t ( ,sion on ! nor?1 h bo? ( !m complete s*ools ( ironwork 9 _! balconies & v9ey>d gates4 ,t ( ,bell9zona is ! be/1 ?\gh n v old--,i suppose mo/ ( x ( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 /ill x is v qua9t & beautiful4 ,"h1 = example1 are two balconies1 f two diff]5t h\ses2 "o has be5 a c>d9al's1 & ! hat is ! pr9cipal ornam5t ( ! balcony2 its tassels be+ wr\ght ) delightful delicacy & fre$om2 & cat*+ ! eye cle>ly ev5 among ! mass ( ri* wrea!d leaves4 ,^! tassels & /r+s are precisely ! k9d ( subject fit = ironwork--noble 9 ironwork1 !y w\ld h be5 entirely ignoble 9 m>ble1 on ! gr\nds above /at$4 ,! real plant ( ole&] /&+ 9 ! w9d[ enri*es ! :ole gr\p ( l9es v happily4 ,! o!r balcony1 f a v ord9>y-look+ h\se 9 ! same /reet1 is mu* m int]e/+ 9 its details4 ,x is %[n 9 ! plate z x appe>$ la/ summ]1 ) convolvulus tw9$ ab\t ! b>s1 ! arr[-%ap$ liv+ leaves m+l$ among ! leaves ( iron2 b y may see 9 ! c5tre ( ^! real leaves a clu/] ( light] ones1 :i* are ^? ( ! ironwork itself4 ,?is clu/] is wor? giv+ a little l>g] to %[ its treatm5t4 ,fig4 #b 79 ,app5dix ,v47 is ! front view ( x3 ,fig4 #d1 its pr(ile4 ,x is compos$ ( a l>ge tulip 9 ! c5tre2 !n two turkscap lilies2 !n two p9ks1 a little conv5tionaliz$2 !n two n>cissi2 !n two nondescripts1 or1 at lea/1 fl[]s ,i d n "k2 & !n two d>k buds1 & a few leaves4 ,i say1 d>k buds1 = all ^! fl[]s h be5 col\r$ 9 _! orig9al /ate4 ,! plan ( ! gr\p is exce$+ly simple3 x is all enclos$ 9 a po9t$ ar* 7,fig4 #c1 ,app5dix ,v473 ! l>ge mass ( ! tulip =m+ ! apex2 a six-foil$ /> on ea* side2 !n a jagg$ />2 !n a five-foil$ />2 !n an unjagg$ /> or rose2 f9ally a small bud1 s z to e/abli% relation & cad5ce ?r\gh ! :ole gr\p4 ,! pr(ile is v free & f9e1 & ! upp] b> ( ! balcony exce$+ly beautiful 9 effect2--none ! less s on acc\nt ( ! m>vell\sly simple means employ$4 ,a ?9 /rip ( iron is b5t ov] a squ>e rod2 out ( ! edge ( ?is /rip are cut a s]ies ( triangul> op5+s--wide/ at top1 leav+ project+ tee? ( iron 7,app5dix1 ,fig4 #e72 !n ea* ( ^! project+ pieces gets a little %>p tap ) ! hamm] 9 front1 :i* beaks its edge inw>ds1 te>+ x a little op5 at ! same "t1 & ! ?+ is done4 ,! common =ms ( ,swiss ironwork are less naturali/ic ?an ^! ,italian balconies1 dep5d+ m on beautiful arrangem5ts ( v>i\s curve2 nev]!less1 !re has be5 a ri* naturali/ s*ool at ,frib\rg1 :]e a few bell-h&les are /ill left1 consi/+ ( rods bran*$ into laurel & o!r leafage4 ,at ,g5eva1 mod]n improvem5ts h left no?+2 b at ,annecy1 a little good "w rema9s2 ! balcony ( its old htel de ville especially1 ) a tr\t ( ! lake --presumably ! t[n arms--=m+ its c5tral ornam5t4 ,i might expatiate all night--if y w\ld sit & he> me--on ! treatm5t ( su* requir$ subject1 or introduction ( pleasant caprice by ! old workm52 b we h no m "t to sp>e1 & ,i mu/ quit ?is "p ( our subject--! r z ,i c\ld n expla9 to y ! intr9sic m]it ( su* ironwork )\t go+ fully into ! !ory ( curvil9e> design2 only let me leave ) y ?is "o di/9ct ass]tion--t ! qua9t beauty & "* ( _m natural objects1 su* z intricate bran*es1 grass1 foliage 7especially ?orny bran*es & prickly foliage71 z well z t ( _m animals1 plum$1 sp9$1 or bri/l$1 is sculpturally expressible 9 iron only1 & 9 iron w\ld be maje/ic & impressive 9 ! highe/ degree2 & t e piece ( metal "w y use might be1 rightly treat$1 n only a sup]b decoration1 b a mo/ valuable ab/ract ( portions ( natural =ms1 hold+ 9 dignity precisely ! same relation to ! pa9t$ repres5tation ( plants1 t a /atue does to ! pa9t$ =m ( man4 ,x is difficult to give y an idea ( ! grace & int]e/ :i* ! simple/ objects possess :5 _! =ms are ?us ab/ract$ f among ! surr\nd+ ( ri* circum/ance :i* 9 nature di/urbs ! feebl5ess ( our att5tion4 ,9 ,plate #b1 a few blades ( common gre5 grass1 & a wild leaf or two--j z !y 7 ?r[n by nature1--are ?us ab/ract$ f ! associat$ r$undance ( ! =ms ab\t !m1 & %[n on a d>k gr\nd3 e clu/] ( h]bage w\ld furni% fifty su* gr\ps1 & e su* gr\p w\ld "w into iron 7fitt+ x1 ( c\rse1 rightly to its s]vice7 ) p]fect ease1 & endless gr&eur ( result4 ,,iii4 ,,iron 9 ,,policy4--,hav+ ?us obta9$ "s idea ( ! use ( iron 9 art1 z dep5d5t on its ductility1 ,i ne$ n1 c]ta9ly1 say any?+ ( its uses 9 manufacture & comm]ce2 we all ( u "k en\gh1--p]haps a little too mu*--ab\t !m4 ,s ,i pass la/ly to consid] its uses 9 policy2 dep5d5t *iefly ^u its t5acity-- t is to say1 on its p[] ( be>+ a pull1 & receiv+ an edge4 ,^! p[]s1 :i* enable x to pi]ce1 to b9d1 & to smite1 r5d] x fit = ! ?ree great in/rum5ts1 by :i* its political action may be simply typifi$2 namely1 ! ,pl\gh1 ! ,fett]1 & ! ,sword4 ,on our und]/&+ ! "r use ( ^! ?ree in/rum5ts1 dep5d1 ( c\rse1 all our p[] z a nation1 & all our happ9ess z individuals4 ,i4 ,,! ,,pl\gh4--,i say1 fir/1 on our und]/&+ ! "r use ( ! pl\gh1 ) :i*1 9 ju/ice to ! faire/ ( our lab\r]s1 we mu/ always associate t fem99e pl\gh--! ne$le4 ,! fir/ requirem5t = ! happ9ess ( a nation is t x %\ld und]/& ! function 9 ?is _w ( ^! two great in/rum5ts3 a happy nation may be def9$ z "o 9 :i* ! husb&'s h& is on ! pl\gh1 & ! h\sewife's on ! ne$le2 s 9 due "t reap+ its gold5 h>ve/1 & %9+ 9 gold5 ve/ure3 & an unhappy nation is "o :i*1 ackn[l$g+ no use ( pl\gh nor ne$le1 w assur$ly at la/ f9d its /oreh\se empty 9 ! fam9e1 & its brea/ nak$ to ! cold4 ,p]haps y ?9k ?is is a m]e truism1 :i* ,i am wa/+ y\r "t 9 repeat+4 ,i wi% x 74 ,by f> ! great] "p ( ! suff]+ & crime :i* exi/ at ?is mom5t 9 civiliz$ ,europe1 arises simply f p n und]/&+ ?is truism--n kn[+ t produce or weal? is et]nally connect$ by ! laws ( heav5 & e>? ) resolute lab\r2 b hop+ 9 "s way to *eat or abrogate ?is ev]la/+ law ( life1 & to fe$ :]e !y h n furr[$1 & be w>m :]e !y h n wov54 ,i repeat1 ne>ly all our mis]y & crime result f ?is "o misappreh5sion4 ,! law ( nature is1 t a c]ta9 quantity ( "w is necess>y to produce a c]ta9 quantity ( good1 ( any k9d :atev]4 ,if y want k1 y mu/ toil = x3 if food1 y mu/ toil = x2 & if pleasure1 y mu/ toil = x4 ,b m5 d n ackn[l$ge ?is law1 or /rive to evade x1 hop+ to get _! k1 & food1 & pleasure = no?+2 & 9 ?is ef=t !y ei!r fail ( gett+ !m1 & rema9 ignorant & mis]able1 or !y obta9 !m by mak+ o!r m5 "w = _! b5efit2 & !n !y are tyrants & robb]s4 ,yes1 & worse ?an robb]s4 ,i am n "o :o 9 ! lea/ d\bts or disputes ! progress ( ?is c5tury 9 _m ?+s useful to mank9d2 b x seems to me a v d>k sign respect+ u t we look ) s mu* indiff]5ce ^u di%one/y & cruelty 9 ! pursuit ( weal?4 ,9 ! dream ( ,nebu*adnezz> x 0 only ! feet t 7 "p ( iron & "p ( clay2 b _m ( u are n[ gett+ s cruel 9 our av>ice1 t x seems z if1 9 u1 ! he>t 7 "p ( iron1 & "p ( clay4 ,f :at ,i h he>d ( ! inhabitants ( ?is t[n1 ,i d n d\bt b t ,i may be p]mitt$ to d "h :at ,i h f\nd x usually ?\ght else:]e highly improp] & absurd to d1 namely1 trace a few ,bible s5t5ces to _! practical result4 ,y _c b h notic$ h[ (t5 9 ^? p>ts ( ! ,bible :i* are likely to be (t5e/ op5$ :5 p look = guidance1 com=t1 or help 9 ! affairs ( daily life1 namely1 ! ,psalms & ,prov]bs1 m5tion is made ( ! guilt atta*+ to ! ,oppression ( ! poor4 ,obs]ve3 n ! neglect ( !m1 b ! ,oppression ( !m3 ! ^w is z frequ5t z x is /range4 ,y c h>dly op5 ei!r ( ^? books1 b some:]e 9 _! pages y w f9d a description ( ! wick$ man's attempts aga9/ ! poor3 su* z--,he do? ravi% ! poor :5 he gette? him into 8 net4 ,he sitte? 9 ! lurk+ places ( ! villages2 8 eyes are privily set aga9/ ! poor4 ,9 8 pride he do? p]secute ! poor1 & blesse? ! covet\s1 :om ,god abhorre?4 ,8 m\? is full ( deceit & fraud2 9 ! secret places do? he murd] ! innoc5t4 ,h ! work]s ( iniquity no k1 :o eat up my p z !y eat bread8 ,!y h drawn out ! sword1 & b5t ! b[1 to ca/ d[n ! poor & ne$y4 ,!y are corrupt1 & speak wick$ly conc]n+ oppression4 ,pride compasse? !m ab\t z a *a91 & viol5ce z a g>m5t4 ,_! poison is l ! poison ( a s]p5t4 ,ye weigh ! viol5ce ( y\r h&s 9 ! e>?4 ,yes3 ,ye weigh ! viol5ce ( y\r h&s3--weigh ^! words z well4 ,! la/ ?+s we ev] usually ?9k ( weigh+ are ,bible words4 ,we l to dream & dispute ov] !m2 b to weigh !m1 & see :at _! true cont5ts are--any?+ b t4 ,yet1 weigh ^!2 = ,i h purposely tak5 all ^! v]ses1 p]haps m /rik+ to y read 9 ?is connection1 ?an sep>ately 9 _! places1 out ( ! ,psalms1 because1 = all p belong+ to ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ?is c\ntry ^! ,psalms are appo9t$ lessons1 portion$ out to !m by _! cl]gy to be read once ?r\gh e mon?4 ,presumably1 !re=e1 :atev] portions ( ,scripture we may pass by or =get1 ^! at all ev5ts1 mu/ be br\ght cont9ually to our obs]vance z useful = direction ( daily life4 ,n[1 d we ev] ask ourselves :at ! real mean+ ( ^! passages may be1 & :o ^! wick$ p are1 :o are murd]+ ! innoc5t8 ,y "k x is r s+ul> language ?is6--r /rong language1 we might1 p]haps1 call x-- he>+ x = ! fir/ "t4 ,murd]6 & murd] ( innoc5t p6-- nay1 ev5 a sort ( cannibalism4 ,eat+ p1--yes1 & ,god's p1 too--eat+ ,my p z if !y 7 bread6 swords drawn1 b[s b5t1 poison ( s]p5ts mix$6 viol5ce ( h&s weigh$1 measur$1 & traffick$ ) z s mu* co96 :]e is all ?is go+ on8 ,d y suppose x 0 only go+ on 9 ! "t ( ,david1 & t nobody b ,jews ev] murd] ! poor8 ,if s1 x w\ld surely be wis] n to mutt] & mumble = our daily lessons :at does n conc]n u2 b if !re be any *ance t x may conc]n u1 & if ?is description1 9 ! ,psalms1 ( human guilt is at all g5]ally applicable1 z ! descriptions 9 ! ,psalms ( human sorr[ are1 may x n be advisable to "k :]e9 ?is guilt is be+ committ$ r\nd ab\t u1 or by ourselves8 & :5 we take ! words ( ! ,bible into our m\?s 9 a congregational way1 to be sure :e!r we mean m]ely to *ant a piece ( melodi\s poetry relat+ to o!r p--7we "k n exactly to :om7--or to ass]t our belief 9 facts be>+ some:at /r+5tly on ourselves & our daily bus9ess4 ,& if y make up y\r m9ds to d ?is no long]1 & take pa9s to exam9e into ! matt]1 y w f9d t ^! /range words1 occurr+ z !y d1 n 9 a few places only1 b almo/ 9 e alt]nate psalm & e alt]nate *apt] ( prov]b1 or prophecy1 ) trem5d\s reit]ation1 7 n writt5 = "o nation or "o "t only2 b = all nations & languages1 = all places & all c5turies2 & x is z true ( ! wick$ man n[ z ev] x 0 ( ,nabal or ,dives1 t 8 eyes are set aga9/ ! poor4 ,set aga9/ ! poor1 m9d y4 ,n m]ely set away f ! poor1 s z to neglect or lose sight ( !m1 b set aga9/1 s z to afflict & de/roy !m4 ,?is is ! ma9 po9t ,i want to fix4 y\r att5tion ^u4 ,y w (t5 he> s]mons ab\t neglect or c>elessness ( ! poor4 ,b neglect & c>elessness are n at all ! po9ts4 ,! ,bible h>dly ev] talks ab\t neglect ( ! poor4 ,x always talks ( oppression ( ! poor--a v diff]5t matt]4 ,x does n m]ely speak ( pass+ by on ! o!r side1 & b9d+ up no w\nds1 b ( draw+ ! sword & ourselves smit+ ! m5 d[n4 ,x does n *>ge u ) be+ idle 9 ! pe/-h\se1 & giv+ no m$ic9e1 b ) be+ busy 9 ! pe/-h\se1 & giv+ mu* poison4 ,may we n advis$ly look into ?is matt] a little1 ev5 tonight1 & ask fir/1 ,:o are ^! poor8 ,no c\ntry is1 or ev] w be1 )\t !m3 t is to say1 )\t ! class :i* _c1 on ! av]age1 d m by its lab\r ?an provide = its subsi/5ce1 & :i* has no accumulations ( prop]ty laid by on any consid]able scale4 ,n[ !re are a c]ta9 numb] ( ?is class :om we _c oppress ) mu* sev]ity4 ,an able-bodi$ & intellig5t workman--sob]1 hone/1 & indu/ri\s1 w almo/ always comm& a fair price = 8 "w1 & lay by en\gh 9 a few ye>s to enable him to hold 8 own 9 ! lab\r m>ket4 ,b all m5 are n able-bodi$1 nor intellig5t1 nor indu/ri\s2 & y _c expect !m to be4 ,no?+ appe>s to me at once m ludicr\s & m melan*oly ?an ! way ! p ( ! pres5t age usually talk ab\t ! morals ( lab\r]s4 ,y h>dly ev] address a lab\r+ man ^u 8 prospects 9 life1 )\t quietly assum+ t he is to possess1 at />t+1 z a small moral capital to beg9 )1 ! virtue ( ,socrates1 ! philosophy ( ,plato1 & ! h]oism ( ,epam9ondas4 ,be assur$1 my good man1--y say to him1--t if y "w /eadily = t5 h\rs a day all y\r life long1 & if y dr9k no?+ b wat]1 or ! v milde/ be]1 & live on v pla9 food1 & nev] lose y\r temp]1 & g to *ur* e ,sunday1 & always rema9 cont5t 9 ! position 9 :i* ,provid5ce has plac$ y1 & nev] grumble nor swe>2 & always keep y\r clo!s dec5t1 & rise e>ly1 & use e opportunity ( improv+ y\rself1 y w get on v well1 & nev] come to ! p>i%4 ,all ?is is exce$+ly true2 b be=e giv+ ! advice s confid5tly1 x w\ld be well if we sometimes tri$ x practically ourselves1 & sp5t a ye> or s at "s h>d manual lab\r1 n ( an ent]ta9+ k9d--pl\gh+ or digg+1 = in/ance1 ) a v mod]ate all[ance ( be]2 no?+ hut bread & *eese = d9n]2 no pap]s nor muff9s 9 ! morn+2 no s(as nor magaz9es at night2 "o small room = p>l\r & kit*52 & a l>ge family ( *ildr5 always 9 ! middle ( ! floor4 ,if we ?9k we c\ld1 "u ^! circum/ances1 enact ,socrates or ,epam9ondas entirely to our own satisfaction1 we %all be some:at ju/ifi$ 9 requir+ ! same behavi\r f our poor] neighb\rs2 b if n1 we %\ld surely consid] a little :e!r among ! v>i\s =ms ( ! oppression ( ! poor1 we may n rank z "o ( ! fir/ & likelie/--! oppression ( expect+ too mu* f !m4 ,b let ?is pass2 & let x be admitt$ t we c nev] be guilty ( oppression t[>ds ! sob]1 indu/ri\s1 intellig5t1 exempl>y lab\r]4 ,!re w always be 9 ! _w "s :o are n altoge!r1 intellig5t & exempl>y2 we %all1 ,i believe1 to ! end ( "t f9d ! majority some:at un9tellig5t1 a little incl9$ to be idle1 & occasionally1 on ,saturday night1 drunk2 we mu/ ev5 be prep>$ to he> ( reprobates :o l skittles on ,sunday morn+ bett] ?an pray]s2 & ( unnatural p>5ts :o s5d _! *ildr5 out to beg in/ead ( to g to s*ool4 ,n[ ^! are ! k9d ( p :om y c oppress1 & :om y d oppress1 & t to purpose1--& ) all ! m cruelty & ! great] /+1 because x is j _! own fault t puts !m into y\r p[]4 ,y "k ! words ab\t wick$ p are1 ,he do? ravi% ! poor :5 he gette? him into 8 net4 ,?is gett+ into ! net is con/antly ! fault or folly ( ! suff]]--8 own he$lessness or 8 own indol5ce2 b aft] he is once 9 ! net1 ! oppression ( him1 & mak+ ! mo/ ( 8 di/ress1 are ours4 ,! nets :i* we use aga9/ ! poor are j ^? worldly emb>rassm5ts :i* ei!r _! ignorance or _! improvid5ce are almo/ c]ta9 at "s "t or o!r to br+ !m into3 !n1 j at ! "t :5 we ought to ha/5 to help !m1 & dis5tangle !m1 & tea* !m h[ to manage bett] 9 future1 we ru% =w>d to pillage !m1 & =ce all we c out ( !m 9 _! adv]sity4 ,=1 to take "o in/ance only1 rememb] ?is is lit]ally & simply :at we d1 :5ev] we buy1 or try to buy1 *eap goods-- goods (f]$ at a price :i* we "k _c be remun]ative = ! lab\r involv$ 9 !m4 ,:5ev] we buy su* goods1 rememb] we are /eal+ somebody's lab\r4 ,don't let u m9ce ! matt]4 ,i say1 9 pla9 ,saxon1 ,,/eal+--tak+ f him ! prop] rew>d ( 8 "w1 & putt+ x into our own pocket4 ,y "k well en\gh t ! ?+ c\ld n h be5 (f]$ y at t price1 unless di/ress ( "s k9d _h =c$ ! produc] to "p ) x4 ,y take advantage ( ?is di/ress1 & y =ce z mu* out ( him z y c "u ! circum/ances4 ,! old b>ons ( ! middle ages us$1 9 g5]al1 ! ?umbscrew to extort prop]ty2 we mod]ns use1 9 pref]5ce1 hung] or dome/ic affliction3 b ! fact ( extortion rema9s precisely ! same4 ,:e!r we =ce ! man's prop]ty f him by p9*+ 8 /oma*1 or p9*+ 8 f+]s1 makes "s diff]5ce anatomically2-- morally1 none :atsoev]3 we use a =m ( torture ( "s sort 9 ord] to make him give up 8 prop]ty2 we use1 inde$1 ! man's own anxieties1 in/ead ( ! rack2 & 8 imm$iate p]il ( />vation1 in/ead ( ! pi/ol at ! head2 b o!rwise we diff] f ,front de ,buf1 or ,dick ,turp91 m]ely 9 be+ less dext]\s1 m c[>dly1 & m cruel4 ,m cruel1 ,i say1 because ! fi]ce b>on & ! r$\bt$ highwayman are report$ to h robb$1 at lea/ by pref]5ce1 only ! ri*2 we /eal habitually f ! poor4 ,we buy our liv]ies1 & gild our pray]-books1 ) pilf]$ p5ce out ( *ildr5's & sick m5's wages1 & ?us +5i\sly dispose a giv5 quantity ( ,!ft1 s t x may produce ! l>ge/ possible measure ( delicately di/ribut$ suff]+4 ,b ?is is only "o =m ( common oppression ( ! poor--only "o way ( tak+ our h&s (f ! pl\gh h&le1 & b9d+ ano!r's ^u x4 ,?is fir/ way ( do+ x is ! economical way--! way pref]r$ by prud5t & virtu\s p4 ,! bold] way is ! acquisitive way3--! way ( speculation4 ,y "k we are consid]+ at pres5t ! v>i\s modes 9 :i* a nation corrupts itself1 by n ackn[l$g+ ! et]nal connection betwe5 its pl\gh & its pleasure2--by /riv+ to get pleasure1 )\t work+ = x4 ,well1 ,i say ! fir/ & commone/ way ( do+ s is to try to get ! product ( o!r p's "w1 & enjoy x ourselves1 by *eap5+ _! lab\r 9 times ( di/ress3 !n ! second way is t gr& "o ( wat*+ ! *ances ( ! m>ket2--! way ( speculation4 ,( c\rse !re are "s speculations t are fair & hone/-- speculations made ) our own money1 & :i* d n involve 9 _! success ! loss1 by o!rs1 ( :at we ga94 ,b g5]ally mod]n speculation involves mu* risk to o!rs1 ) *ance ( pr(it only to ourselves3 ev5 9 its be/ conditions x is m]ely "o ( ! =ms ( gambl+ or treasure hunt+2 x is ei!r leav+ ! /eady pl\gh & ! /eady pilgrimage ( life1 to look = silv] m9es beside ! way2 or else x is ! full /op beside ! dice-tables 9 ,vanity ,fair --inve/+ all ! ?\ghts & passions ( ! s\l 9 ! fall ( ! c>ds1 & *oos+ r ! wild accid5ts ( idle =tune ?an ! calm & accumulative rew>ds ( toil4 ,& ?is is de/ructive en\gh1 at lea/ to our peace & virtue4 ,b is usually de/ructive ( f> m ?an our peace1 or our virtue4 ,h y ev] delib]ately set y\rselves to imag9e & measure ! suff]+1 ! guilt1 & ! mortality caus$ necess>ily by ! failure ( any l>ge-deal+ m]*ant1 or l>gely-bran*$ bank8 ,take x at ! l[e/ possible supposition- c\nt1 at ! fewe/ y *oose1 ! families ^: means ( support h be5 involv$ 9 ! cata/rophe4 ,!n1 on ! morn+ aft] ! intelli- g5ce ( ru91 let u g =? among/ !m 9 e>ne/ ?\ght2 let u use t imag9ation :i* we wa/e s (t5 on fictiti\s sorr[1 to measure ! /]n facts ( t multitud9\s di/ress2 /rike op5 ! private doors ( _! *amb]s1 & ent] sil5tly into ! mid/ ( ! dome/ic mis]y2 look ^u ! old m51 :o _h res]v$ = _! fail+ /r5g? "s rema9d] ( re/ 9 ! ev5+-tide ( life1 ca/ helplessly back into its tr\ble & tumult2 look ^u ! active /r5g? ( middle age sudd5ly bla/$ into incapacity--its hopes cru%$1 & its h>dly e>n$ rew>ds snat*$ away 9 ! same in/ant--at once ! he>t )]$1 & ! "r arm snapp$2 look ^u ! pite\s *ildr51 delicately nurtur$1 ^: s(t eyes1 n[ l>ge ) wond] at _! p>5ts' grief1 mu/ soon be set 9 ! dimness ( fam9e2 &1 f> m ?an all ?is1 look =w>d to ! l5g? ( sorr[ beyond--to ! h>de/ lab\r ( life1 n[ to be und]gone ei!r 9 all ! sev]ity ( unexpect$ & inexp]i5c$ trial1 or else1 m bitt] /ill1 to be begun aga91 & endur$ = ! second "t1 amid/ ! ru9s ( *]i%$ hopes & ! feebl5ess ( advanc+ ye>s1 embitt]$ by ! cont9ual /+ & taunt ( ! inn] feel+ t x has all be5 br\ght ab\t1 n by ! fair c\rse ( appo9t$ circum/ance1 b by mis]able *ance & wanton trea*]y2 &1 la/ ( all1 look beyond ?is--to ! %att]$ de/9ies ( ^? :o h falt]$ "u ! trial1 & sunk pa/ recov]y to despair4 ,& !n consid] :e!r ! h& :i* has p\r$ ?is poison into all ! spr+s ( life be "o :it less guiltily r$ ) human blood ?an t :i* lit]ally p\rs ! hemlock into ! cup1 or guides ! dagg] to ! he>t8 ,we read ) horror ( ! crimes ( a ,borgia or a ,tophana2 b !re nev] liv$ ,borgias su* z live n[ 9 ! mid/ ( u4 ,! cruel lady ( ,f]r>a slew only 9 ! /r5g? ( passion--%e slew only a few1 ^? :o ?w>t$ h] purposes or :o vex$ h] s\l2 %e slew %>ply & sudd5ly1 embitt]+ ! fate ( h] victims ) no =eta/es ( de/ruction1 no prolongations ( pa92 &1 f9ally & *iefly1 %e slew1 n )\t remorse1 nor )\t pity4 ,b we1 9 no /orm ( passion--9 no bl9dness ( wra?1--we1 9 calm & cle> & untempt$ selfi%ness1 p\r our poison--n = a few only1 b = multitudes2--n = ^? :o h wrong$ u1 or resi/$1--b = ^? :o h tru/$ u & aid$3--we1 n ) sudd5 gift ( m]ciful & unconsci\s dea?1 b ) sl[ wa/e ( hung] & we>y rack ( disappo9tm5t & despair2--we1 la/ & *iefly1 d our murd]+1 n ) any pauses ( pity or scor*+ ( consci5ce1 b 9 facile & =getful calm ( m9d--& s1 =soo?1 read day by day1 complac5tly1 z if !y meant any "o else ?an ourselves1 ! words t =ev] describe ! wick$3 ,! poison ( asps is "u _! lips1 & _! feet are swift to %$ blood4 ,y may inde$1 p]haps1 ?9k !re is "s excuse = _m 9 ?is matt]1 j because ! s9 is s unconsci\s2 t ! guilt is n s great :5 x is unappreh5d$1 & t x is mu* m p>donable to slay he$lessly ?an purposefully4 ,i believe no feel+ c be m mi/ak51 & t 9 reality1 & 9 ! sight ( heav52 ! call\s indiff]5ce :i* pursues its own int]e/s at any co/ ( life1 ?\gh x does n def9itely adopt ! purpose ( s91 is a /ate ( m9d at once m he9\s & m hopeless ?an ! wilde/ ab]rations ( ungov]n$ passion4 ,!re may be1 9 ! la/ case1 "s elem5ts ( good & ( r$emption /ill m+l$ 9 ! "*2 b1 9 ! o!r1 few or none4 ,!re may be hope = ! man :o has sla9 8 enemy 9 ang]2 hope ev5 = ! man :o has betray$ 8 fri5d 9 fe>2 b :at hope = him :o trades 9 unreg>d$ blood1 & builds 8 =tune on unrep5t$ treason8 ,b1 h[ev] ?is may be1 & :]ev] y may ?9k y\rselves b\nd 9 ju/ice to impute ! great] s91 be assur$ t ! "q is "o ( responsibilities only1 n ( facts4 ,! def9ite result ( all our mod]n ha/e to be ri* is assur$ly1 & con/antly1 ! murd] ( a c]ta9 numb] ( p]sons by our h&s e ye>4 ,i h n "t to g into ! details ( ano!r--on ! :ole1 ! broade/ & t]rible/ way 9 :i* we cause ! de/ruction ( ! poor--namely1 ! way ( luxury & wa/e1 de/roy+1 9 improvid5ce1 :at might h be5 ! support ( ?\s&s2 ,footnote3 ,! analysis ( ?is error w be f\nd completely c>ri$ out 9 my lectures on ! political economy ( art4 ,& x is an error wor? analyz+2 = until x is f9ally trodd5 "u foot1 no heal?y political1 economical1 or moral action is possible 9 any /ate4 ,i d n say ?is impetu\sly or sudd5ly1 = ,i h inve/igat$ ?is subject z deeply2 & z long1 z my own special subject ( art2 & ! pr9ciples ( political economy :i* ,i h /at$ 9 ^? lectures are z sure z ! pr9ciples ( ,euclid4 ,fooli% read]s d\bt$ _! c]ta9ty1 because ,i told !m ,i _h nev] read any books on ,political ,economy ,did !y suppose ,i _h got my k ( art by read+ books8 b if y foll[ out ! subject = y\rselves at home--& :at ,i h endeav\r$ to lay be=e y to-night w only be useful to y if y d--y w f9d t :]ev] & :5ev] m5 are endeav\r+ to make money ha/ily1 & to avoid ! lab\r :i* ,provid5ce has appo9t$ to be ?o only s\rce ( hon\rable pr(it2--& also :]ev] & :5ev] !y p]mit !mselves to sp5d x luxuri\sly1 )\t reflect+ h[ f> !y are misguid+ ! lab\r ( o!rs2--!re & !n1 9 ei!r case1 !y are lit]ally & infallibly caus+1 = _! own b5efit or _! own pleasure1 a c]ta9 annual numb] ( human dea?s2 t1 !re=e1 ! *oice giv5 to e man born into ?is _w is1 simply1 :e!r he w be a lab\r]1 or an assass92 & t :osoev] has n 8 h& on ! ,/ilt ( ! pl\gh1 has x on ! ,hilt ( ! dagg]4 ,x w\ld also be q va9 = me to endeav\r to foll[ out ?is ev5+ ! l9es ( ?\ght :i* w\ld be sugge/$ by ! o!r two great political uses ( iron 9 ! ,fett] & ! ,sword3 a few words only ,i mu/ p]mit myself respect+ bo?4 #b4 ,,! ,,fett]4--,z ! pl\gh is ! typical in/rum5t ( indu/ry1 s ! fett] is ! typical in/rum5t ( ! re/ra9t or subjection necess>y 9 a nation--ei!r lit]ally1 = its evil-do]s1 or figuratively1 9 accept$ laws1 = its wise & good m54 ,y h to *oose betwe5 ?is figurative & lit]al use2 = dep5d ^u x1 ! m laws y accept1 ! few] p5alties y w h to endure1 & ! few] puni%m5ts to en=ce4 ,= wise laws & j re/ra9ts are to a noble nation n *a9s1 b *a9 mail--/r5g? & def5ce1 ?\gh some?+ also ( an incumbrance4 ,& ?is necessity ( re/ra9t1 rememb]1 is j z hon\rable to man z ! necessity ( lab\r4 ,y he> e day great] numb]s ( fooli% p speak+ ab\t lib]ty1 z if x 7 su* an hon\rable ?+3 s f> f be+ t1 x is1 on ! :ole1 & 9 ! broade/ s5se1 di%on\rable1 & an attribute ( ! l[] creatures4 ,no human be+1 h[ev] great or p[]ful1 0 ev] s free z a fi%4 ,!re is always some?+ t he mu/1 or mu/ n d2 :ile ! fi% may d :atev] he likes4 ,all ! k+doms ( ! _w put toge!r are n half s l>ge z ! sea1 & all ! railroads & :eels t ev] 71 or w be1 inv5t$ are n s easy z f9s4 ,y w f9d1 on fairly ?9k+ ( x1 t x is 8 ,re/ra9t :i* is hon\rable to man1 n 8 ,lib]ty2 &1 :at is m1 x is re/ra9t :i* is hon\rable ev5 9 ! l[] animals4 ,a butt]fly is mu* m free ?an a bee2 b y hon\r ! bee m1 j because x is subject to c]ta9 laws :i* fit x = ord]ly function 9 bee society ,& ?r\gh\t ! _w1 ( ! two ab/ract ?+s1 lib]ty & re/ra9t1 re/ra9t is always ! m hon\rable4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t 9 ^! & all o!r matt]s y nev] c reason f9ally f ! ab/raction1 = bo? lib]ty & re/ra9t are good :5 !y are nobly *os51 & bo? are bad :5 !y are basely *os52 b ( ! two1 ,i repeat1 x is re/ra9t :i* *>act]izes ! high] creature1 & bett]s ! l[] creature3 &1 f ! m9i/]+ ( ! ar*angel to ! lab\r ( ! insect1--f ! pois+ ( ! planets to ! gravitation ( a gra9 ( du/1--! p[] & glory ( all creatures1 & all matt]1 consi/ 9 _! ob$i5ce1 n 9 _! fre$om4 ,! ,sun has no lib]ty--a dead leaf has mu*4 ,! du/ ( :i* y are =m$ has no lib]ty4 ,its lib]ty w come--) its corruption4 ,&1 !re=e1 ,i say boldly1 ?\gh x seems a /range ?+ to say 9 ,engl&1 t z ! fir/ p[] ( a nation consi/s 9 kn[+ h[ to guide ! ,pl\gh1 its second p[] consi/s 9 kn[+ h[ to we> ! ,fett]3-- #c4 ,,! ,,sword4--,& its ?ird p[]1 :i* p]fects x z a nation1 consi/ 9 kn[+ h[ to wield ! sword1 s t ! ?ree talismans ( national exi/5ce are express$ 9 ^! ?ree %ort words--,lab\r1 ,law1 & ,c\rage4 ,?is la/ virtue we at lea/ possess2 & all t is to be alleg$ aga9/ u is t we d n hon\r x en\gh4 ,i d n mean hon\r by ackn[l$gm5t ( s]vice1 ?\gh sometimes we are sl[ 9 do+ ev5 t4 ,b we d n hon\r x en\gh 9 consi/5t reg>d to ! lives & s\ls ( our soldi]s4 ,h[ wantonly we h wa/$ _! lives y h se5 lately 9 ! reports ( _! mortality by disease1 :i* a little c>e & sci5ce might h prev5t$2 b we reg>d _! s\ls less ?an _! lives1 by keep+ !m 9 ignorance & idl5ess1 & reg>d+ !m m]ely z in/rum5ts ( battle4 ,! argum5t br\ght =w>d = ! ma9t5ance ( a /&+ army usually ref]s only to exp$i5cy 9 ! case ( unexpect$ w>1 :]eas1 "o ( ! *ief reasons = ! ma9t5ance ( an army is ! advantage ( ! milit>y sy/em z a me?od ( education4 ,! mo/ fi]y & head/rong1 :o are (t5 also ! mo/ gift$ & g5]\s ( y\r y\?s1 h always a t5d5cy bo? 9 ! l[] & upp] classes to (f] !mselves = y\r soldi]s3 o!rs1 weak & uns]viceable 9 a civil capacity1 are tempt$ or entrapp$ into ! army 9 a =tunate h\r = !m3 out ( ?is fi]y or unc\? mat]ial1 x is only a soldi]'s discipl9e :i* c br+ ! full value & p[]4 ,ev5 at pres5t1 by m]e =ce ( ord] & au?ority1 ! army is ! salvation ( myriads2 & m5 :o1 "u o!r circum/ances1 w\ld h sunk into le?>gy or dissipation1 are r$eem$ into noble life by a s]vice :i* at once summons & directs _! en]gies4 ,h[ mu* m ?an ?is milit>y education is capable ( do+1 y w f9d only :5 y make x education inde$4 ,we h no excuse = leav+ our private soldi]s at _! pres5t level ( ignorance & want ( ref9em5t1 = we %all inv>iably f9d t1 bo? among (fic]s & m51 ! g5tle/ & be/ in=m$ are ! brave/2 /ill less h we excuse = dim9i%+ our army1 ei!r 9 ! pres5t /ate ( political ev5ts1 or1 z ,i believe1 9 any o!r conjunction ( !m t = _m a ye> w be possible 9 ?is _w4 ,y may1 p]haps1 be surpris$ at my say+ ?is2 p]haps surpris$ at my imply+ t w> itself c be "r1 or necess>y1 or noble at all4 ,nor d ,i speak ( all w> z necess>y1 nor ( all w> z noble4 ,bo? peace & w> are noble or ignoble accord+ to _! k9d & occasion4 ,no man has a pr(\nd] s5se ( ! horror & guilt ( ignoble w> ?an ,i h3 ,i h p]sonally se5 its effects1 ^u nations1 ( unmitigat$ evil1 on s\l & body1 ) p]haps z mu* pity1 & z mu* bitt]ness ( indignation1 z any ( ^? :om y w he> cont9ually declaim+ 9 ! cause ( peace4 ,b peace may be s\ght 9 two ways4 ,"o way is z ,gideon s\ght x1 :5 he built 8 alt> 9 ,ophrah1 nam+ x1 ,god s5d peace1 yet s\ght ?is peace t he lov$1 z he 0 ord]$ to seek x1 & ! peace 0 s5t1 9 ,god's way3--! c\ntry 0 9 quietness =ty ye>s 9 ! days ( ,gideon4 ,& ! o!r way ( seek+ peace is z ,m5ahem s\ght x :5 he gave ! ,k+ ( ,assyria a ?\s& tal5ts ( silv]1 t 8 h& might be ) him4 ,t is1 y may ei!r w9 y\r peace1 or buy x3--w9 x1 by resi/ance to evil2--buy x1 by compromise ) evil4 ,y may buy y\r peace1 ) sil5c$ consci5ces2--y may buy x1 ) brok5 v[s1--buy x1 ) ly+ words1--buy x1 ) base connivances1--buy x1 ) ! blood ( ! sla91 & ! cry ( ! captive1 & ! sil5ce ( lo/ s\ls--ov] hemisph]es ( ! e>?1 :ile y sit smil+ at y\r s]5e he>?s1 lisp+ com=table pray]s ev5+ & morn+1 & c\nt+ y\r pretty ,prote/ant beads 7:i* are flat1 & ( gold1 in/ead ( r\nd1 & ( ebony1 z ! monks' ones 771 & s mutt] cont9ually to y\rselves1 ,peace1 peace1 :5 !re is ,no peace2 b only captivity & dea?1 = y1 z well z = ^? y leave unsav$2--& y\rs d>k] ?an !irs4 ,i _c utt] to y :at ,i w\ld 9 ?is matt]2 we all see too dimly1 z yet1 :at our great _w-duties are1 to all[ any ( u to try to outl9e _! enl>g+ %ad[s4 ,b ?9k ov] :at ,i h said1 & z y return to y\r quiet homes to-night1 reflect t _! peace 0 n won = y by y\r own h&s2 b by !irs :o long ago jeop>d$ _! lives = y1 _! *ildr52 & rememb] t nei!r ?is inh]it$ peace1 nor any o!r1 c be kept1 b ?r\gh ! same jeop>dy4 ,no peace 0 ev] won f ,fate by subt]fuge or agreem5t2 no peace is ev] 9 /ore = any ( u1 b t :i* we %all w9 by victory ov] %ame or s92--victory ov] ! s9 t oppresses1 z well z ov] t :i* corrupts4 ,= _m a ye> to come1 ! sword ( e righte\s nation mu/ be :ett$ to save or subdue2 nor w x be by pati5ce ( o!rs' suff]+1 b by ! (f]+ ( y\r own1 t y ev] w draw ne>] to ! "t :5 ! great *ange %all pass ^u ! iron ( ! e>?2--:5 m5 %all beat _! swords into pl\gh%>es1 & _! spe>s into prun+-hooks2 nei!r %all !y le>n w> any m4 ,,app5dices4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,,"r ,,& ,,wrong4 ,read]s :o are us+ my ,elem5ts ( ,draw+ may be surpris$ by my say+ "h t ,t9toret may lead !m wrong2 :ile 9 ! ,elem5ts he is "o ( ! six m5 nam$ z be+ always "r4 ,i br+ ! app>5t inconsi/5cy =w>d at ! beg9n+ ( ?is ,app5dix1 because ! illu/ration ( x w be f>!r useful 9 %[+ ! real nature ( ! self-contradiction :i* is (t5 alleg$ aga9/ me by c>eless read]s4 ,x is n only possible1 b a frequ5t condition ( human action1 to d "r & be "r--yet s z to mislead o!r p if !y ra%ly imitate ! ?+ done4 ,= !re are _m rights :i* are n absolutely1 b relatively "r--"r only = t p]son to d "u ^? circum/ances1--n = ?is p]son to d "u o!r circum/ances4 ,?us x /&s betwe5 ,titian & ,t9toret4 ,titian is always absolutely ,"r4 ,y may imitate him ) entire security t y are do+ ! be/ ?+ t c possibly be done = ! purpose 9 h&4 ,t9toret is always relatively ,"r--relatively to 8 own aims & peculi> p[]s4 ,b y mu/ q und]/& ,t9toret be=e y c be sure :at 8 aim 01 & :y he 0 !n "r 9 do+ :at w\ld n be "r always4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y take ! pa9s ?us to und]/& him1 he becomes entirely in/ructive & exempl>y1 j z ,titian is2 & !re=e ,i h plac$ him among ^? are always "r1 & y c only /udy him rightly ) t rev]5ce = him4 ,!n ! arti/s :o are nam$ z admitt+ "q ( "r & wrong1 are ^? :o f "s mis*ance ( circum/ance or %ort- com+ 9 _! education1 d n always d "r1 ev5 ) relation to _! own aims & p[]s4 ,take = example ! quality ( imp]fection 9 draw+ =m4 ,!re are _m pictures ( ,t9toret 9 :i* ! trees are drawn ) a few curv$ fl\ri%es ( ! bru% in/ead ( leaves4 ,t is 7absolutely7 wrong4 ,if y copi$ ! tree z a model1 y w\ld be go+ v wrong inde$4 ,b x is relatively1 & = ,t9toret's purposes1 "r4 ,9 ! nature ( ! sup]ficial "w y w f9d !re mu/ h be5 a cause = x4 ,somebody p]haps want$ ! picture 9 a hurry to fill a d>k corn]4 ,t9toret good-natur$ly did all he c\ld--pa9t$ ! figures tol]ably--_h five m9utes left only = ! trees1 :5 ! s]vant came4 ,let him wait ano!r five m9utes4 ,& ?is is ! be/ foliage we c d 9 ! "t4 ,entirely1 admirably1 unsurpassably "r1 "u ! conditions4 ,titian w\ld n h work$ "u !m1 b ,t9toret 0 k9d] & humbl]2 yet he may lead y wrong if y don't und]/& him4 ,or1 p]haps1 ano!r day1 somebody came 9 :ile ,t9toret 0 at "w1 :o torm5t$ ,t9toret4 ,an ignoble p]son6 ,titian w\ld h be5 polite to him1 & gone on /eadily ) 8 trees4 ,t9toret _c /& ! ignobl5ess2 x is un5durably repulsive & discomfit+ to him4 ,! ,black ,plague take him--& ! trees1 too6 ,%all su* a fell[ see me pa9t6 ,& ! trees g all to pieces4 ,?is1 9 y1 w\ld be m]e ill-bre$+ & ill-temp]4 ,9 ,t9toret x 0 "o ( ! necess>y conditions ( 8 int5se s5sibility2 _h he be5 capable1 !n1 ( keep+ 8 temp]1 he c\ld nev] h done 8 greate/ works4 ,let ! trees g to pieces1 by all means2 x is q "r !y %\ld2 he is always "r4 ,b 9 a backgr\nd ( ,ga9sbor\gh y w\ld f9d ! trees unju/ifiably gone to pieces4 ,! c>elessness ( =m !re is def9itely purpos$ by him2--adopt$ z an advisable ?+2 & !re=e x is bo? absolutely & relatively wrong2--x indicates 8 be+ imp]fectly educat$ z a pa9t]1 & n hav+ br\ght out all 8 p[]s4 ,x may /ill happ5 t ! man ^: "w ?us p>tially errone\s is great] f>1 ?an o!rs :o h few] faults4 ,ga9sbor\gh's & ,reynolds' wrongs are m *>m+ ?an almo/ anybody else's "r4 ,/ill1 !y occasionally are wrong--b ! ,v5etians & ,velasquez1 ,footnote3 ,at lea/ aft] 8 /yle 0 =m$2 e>ly pictures1 l ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi 9 our ,gall]y1 are ( little value4 nev]4 ,i ought1 p]haps1 to h add$ 9 t ,man*e/] address 7only "o does n l to say ?+s t %ock p7 "s words ( w>n+ aga9/ pa9t]s likely to mislead ! /ud5t4 ,= inde$1 ?\gh "h & !re some?+ may be ga9$ by look+ at inf]ior m51 !re is always m to be ga9$ by look+ at ! be/2 & !re is n "t1 ) all ! look+ ( human life1 to exhau/ ev5 "o great pa9t]'s in/ruction4 ,h[ !n %all we d>e to wa/e our sight & ?\ghts on inf]ior ones1 ev5 if we c\ld d s1 :i* we r>ely c1 )\t dang] ( be+ l$ a/ray8 ,nay1 /rictly speak+1 :at p call inf]ior pa9t]s are 9 g5]al no pa9t]s4 ,arti/s are divid$ by an impassable gulf into ! m5 :o c pa9t1 & :o _c4 ,! m5 :o c pa9t (t5 fall %ort ( :at !y %\ld h done2--are repress$1 or defeat$1 or o!rwise r5d]$ inf]ior "o to ano!r3 /ill !re is an ev]la/+ b>ri] betwe5 !m & ! m5 :o _c pa9t--:o c only 9 v>i\s popul> ways pret5d to pa9t4 ,& if once y "k ! diff]5ce1 !re is always "s good to be got by look+ at a real pa9t]--seldom any?+ b mis*ief to be got out ( a false "o2 b d n suppose real pa9t]s are common4 ,i d n speak ( liv+ m52 b among ^? :o lab\r no m1 9 ?is ,engl& ( ours1 s9ce x fir/ _h a s*ool1 we h _h only five real pa9t]s2--,reynolds1 ,ga9sbor\gh1 ,hog>?1 ,ri*>d ,wilson1 & ,turn]4 ,! read] may1 p]haps1 ?9k ,i h =gott5 ,wilkie4 ,no4 ,i once mu* ov]rat$ him z an expressional draughtsman1 n hav+ !n /udi$ ! figure long en\gh to be able to detect sup]ficial s5tim5t4 ,b 8 col\r ,i h nev] prais$2 x is entirely false & valueless4 ,& x w\ld tie unju/ to ,engli% art if ,i did n "h express my regret t ! admiration ( ,con/able1 already h>mful en\gh 9 ,engl&1 is ext5d+ ev5 into ,france4 ,!re 01 p]haps1 ! mak+1 9 ,con/able1 ( a second or ?ird-rate pa9t]1 if any c>eful discipl9e _h develop$ 9 him ! in/9cts :i*1 ?\gh unp>allel$ = n>r[ness1 71 z f> z !y w5t1 true4 ,b z x is1 he is no?+ m ?an an indu/ri\s & innoc5t amateur blund]+ 8 way to a sup]ficial expression ( "o or two popul> aspects ( common nature4 ,& my read]s may dep5d ^u x1 t all blame :i* ,i express 9 ?is sweep+ way is tru/wor?y4 ,i h (t5 _h to rep5t ( ov]- praise ( inf]ior m52 & cont9ually to rep5t ( insuffici5t praise ( great m52 b ( broad condemnation1 nev]4 ,= ,i d n speak x b aft] ! mo/ se>*+ exam9ation ( ! matt]1 & "u /]n s5se ( ne$ = x3 s t :5ev] ! read] is entirely %ock$ by :at ,i say1 he may be assur$ e ^w is true4,footnote3 ,he mu/1 h[ev]1 be c>eful to di/+ui% blame-- h[ev] /rongly express$1 ( "s special fault or error 9 a true pa9t]1--f ^! g5]al /atem5ts ( inf]iority or wor?lessness4 ,?us he w f9d me cont9ually laugh+ at ,wilson's tree-pa9t+2 n because ,wilson c\ld n pa9t1 b because he _h nev] look$ at a tree4 ,x is j because x s mu* (f5ds him1 t x 0 necess>y3 & kn[+ t x mu/ (f5d him1 ,i %\ld n h v5tur$ to say x1 )\t c]ta9ty ( its tru?4 ,i say c]ta9ty1 = x is j z possible to be c]ta9 :e!r ! draw+ ( a tree or a /one is true or false1 z :e!r ! draw+ ( a triangle is2 & :at ,i mean prim>ily by say+ t a picture is 9 all respects wor?less1 is t x is 9 all respects ,false3 :i* is n a matt] ( op9ion at all1 b a matt] ( asc]ta9able fact1 su* z ,i nev] ass]t till ,i h asc]ta9$4 ,& ! ?+ s commonly said ab\t my writ+s1 t !y are r p]suasive ?an j2 & t ?\gh my language may be good1 ,i am an unsafe guide 9 art criticism1 is1 l _m o!r popul> e/imates 9 su* matt]s1 n m]ely untrue1 b precisely ! rev]se ( ! tru?2 x is tru?1 l reflections 9 wat]1 di/ort$ mu* by ! %ak+ receptive surface1 & 9 e p>ticul>1 upside d[n4 ,= my language1 until )9 ! la/ six or sev5 ye>s1 0 loose1 obscure1 & m or less feeble2 & /ill1 ?\gh ,i h tri$ h>d to m5d x1 ! be/ ,i c d is inf]ior to mu* contempor>y "w4 ,no description t ,i h ev] giv5 ( any?+ is wor? f\r l9es ( ,t5nyson2 & 9 s]i\s ?\ght1 my half-pages are g5]ally only wor? ab\t z mu* z a s+le s5t5ce ei!r ( 81 or ( ,c>lyle's4 ,!y are1 ,i well tru/1 z true & necess>y2 b !y are nei!r s conc5trat$ nor s well put4 ,b ,i am an entirely safe guide 9 art judgm5t3 & t simply z ! necess>y result ( my hav+ giv5 ! lab\r ( life to ! det]m9ation ( facts1 r ?an to ! foll[+ ( feel+s or !ories4 ,n1 inde$1 t my "w is free f mi/akes2 x admits _m1 & always mu/ admit _m1 f its scatt]$ range2 b1 9 ! long run1 x w be f\nd to ent] /]nly & se>*+ly into ! nature ( :at x deals )1 & ! k9d ( mi/ake x admits is nev] dang]\s1 consi/+1 usually1 9 press+ ! tru? too f>4 ,x is q easy1 = in/ance1 to take an accid5tal irregul>ity 9 a piece ( ar*itecture1 :i* less c>eful exam9ation w\ld nev] h detect$ at all1 = an int5tional irregul>ity2 q possible to mis9t]pret an obscure passage 9 a picture1 :i* a less e>ne/ obs]v] w\ld nev] h tri$ to int]pret4 ,b mi/akes ( ?is k9d--hone/1 en?usia/ic mi/akes--are nev] h>mful2 because !y are always made 9 a true direction1--falls =w>d on ! road1 n into ! dit* beside x2 & !y are sure to be correct$ by ! next com]4 ,b ! blunt & dead mi/akes made by too _m o!r writ]s on art--! mi/akes ( %e] inatt5tion1 & want ( sympa?y--are mortal4 ,! entire purpose ( a great ?9k] may be difficult to fa?om1 & we may be ov] & ov] aga9 m or less mi/ak5 9 guess+ at 8 mean+2 b ! real1 pr(\nd1 nay1 q bottomless1 & unr$eemable mi/ake1 is ! fool's ?\ght--t he _h no mean+4 ,i d n ref]1 9 say+ ?is1 to any ( my /atem5ts respect+ subjects :i* x has be5 my ma9 "w to /udy3 z f> z ,i am aw>e1 ,i h nev] yet mis9t]pret$ any picture ( ,turn]'s1 ?\gh (t5 rema9+ bl9d to ! half ( :at he _h int5d$3 nei!r h ,i z yet f\nd any?+ to correct 9 my /atem5ts respect+ ,v5etian ar*itecture2 ,footnote3 ,! subtle portions ( ! ,byzant9e ,palaces1 giv5 9 precise measurem5ts 9 ! second volume ( ! ,/ones ( ,v5ice1 7 alleg$ by ar*itects to be accid5tal irregul>ities4 ,!y w be f\nd1 by e "o :o w take ! pa9s to exam9e !m1 mo/ assur$ly & indisputably int5tional1--& n only s1 b "o ( ! pr9cipal subjects ( ! design]'s c>e4 b 9 casual ref]5ces to :at has be5 quickly se51 x is impossible to gu>d :olly aga9/ error1 )\t los+ mu* valuable obs]vation1 true 9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$1 & h>mless ev5 :5 errone\s4 ,,app5dix ,,ii4 ,,reynolds' ,,disappo9tm5t4 ,x is v =tunate t 9 ! fragm5t ( ,mason's ,,mss41 publi%$ lately by ,mr4 ,cotton 9 8 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds' ,notes1 ,footnote3 ,smi?1 ,soho ,squ>e1 #ahei4 record is pres]v$ ( ,sir ,jo%ua's feel+s respect+ ! pa9t+s 9 ! w9d[ ( ,new ,college1 :i* might o!rwise h be5 suppos$ to give 8 full sanction to ?is mode ( pa9t+ on glass4 ,no?+ c possibly be m curi\s1 to my m9d1 ?an ! great pa9t]'s expectations2 or 8 hav+ at all ent]ta9$ ! idea t ! qualities ( col\r :i* are peculi> to opaque bodies c\ld be obta9$ 9 a transp>5t m$ium2 b s x is3 & ) ! simplicity & humbl5ess ( an entirely great man he hopes t ,mr4 ,j]vas on glass is to excel ,sir ,jo%ua on canvas4 ,happily1 ,mason tells u ! result4 ,) ! copy ,j]vas made ( ?is picture he 0 griev\sly disappo9t$4 ',i _h frequ5tly1' he said to me1 'pleas$ myself by reflect+1 aft] ,i _h produc$ :at ,i ?\ght a brilliant effect ( light & %ad[ on my canvas1 h[ greatly t effect w\ld be height5$ by ! transp>5cy :i* ! pa9t+ on glass w\ld be sure to produce4 ,x turn$ out q ! rev]se4' ,,app5dix ,,iii4 ,,classical ,,ar*itecture4 ,?is passage 9 ! lecture 0 illu/rat$ by an enl>gem5t ( ! woodcut1 ,fig4 #a2 b ,i did n *oose to disfigure ! middle ( ?is book ) x4 ,x is copi$ f ! #di? plate ( ! ?ird edition ( ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica 7,ed9burgh1 #agig71 & repres5ts an ,engli% f>mh\se arrang$ on classical pr9ciples4 ,if ! read] c>es to consult ! "w itself1 he w f9d 9 ! same plate ano!r composition ( simil> propriety1 & dignifi$ by ! addition ( a p$im5t1 b5ea? ! %ad[ ( :i* a private g5tleman :o has a small family may f9d conv5i5cy4 ,,app5dix ,,iv4 ,,subtlety ,,( ,,h&4 ,i _h int5d$ 9 "o or o!r ( ^! lectures to h spok5 at "s l5g? ( ! quality ( ref9em5t 9 ,col\r1 b f\nd ! subject w\ld lead me too f>4 ,a few words are1 h[ev]1 necess>y 9 ord] to expla9 "s expressions 9 ! text4 ,ref9em5t 9 col\r is inde$ a tautological expression1 = col\r1 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w1 does n exi/ until x is ref9$4 ,dirt exi/s1--/a9s exi/1--& pigm5ts exi/1 easily en\gh 9 all places2 & are laid on easily en\gh by all h&s2 b col\r exi/s only :]e !re is t5d]ness1 & c be laid on only by a h& :i* has /rong life 9 x4 ,! law conc]n+ col\r is v /range1 v noble1 9 "s s5se almo/ awful4 ,9 e giv5 t\* laid on canvas1 if "o gra9 ( ! col\r is inop]ative1 & does n take its full "p 9 produc+ ! hue1 ! hue w be imp]fect4 ,! gra9 ( col\r :i* does n "w is dead4 ,x infects all ab\t x ) its dea?4 ,x mu/ be got quit (1 or ! t\* is spoil$4 ,we ackn[l$ge ?is in/9ctively 9 our use ( ! phrases dead col\r1 kill$ col\r1 f\l col\r4 ,^? words are1 9 "s sort1 lit]ally true4 ,if m col\r is put on ?an is necess>y1 a heavy t\* :5 a light "o w\ld h be5 en\gh1 ! quantity ( col\r t 0 n want$1 & is ov]laid by ! re/1 is z dead1 & x pollutes ! re/4 ,!re w be no good 9 ! t\*4 ,! art ( pa9t+1 prop]ly s call$1 consi/s 9 lay+ on ! lea/ possible col\r t w produce ! requir$ result1 & ?is measurem5t1 9 all ! ultimate1 t is to say1 ! pr9cipal1 op]ations ( col\r+1 is s delicate t n "o human h& 9 a million has ! requir$ lightness4 ,! f9al t\* ( any pa9t] prop]ly s nam$1 ( ,correggio--,titian--,turn]--or ,reynolds--w\ld be always q invisible to any "o wat*+ ! progress ( ! "w1 ! films ( hue be+ laid ?9n] ?an ! dep?s ( ! grooves 9 "m-(-pe>l4 ,! "w may be swift1 app>5tly c>eless1 nay1 to ! pa9t] himself almo/ unconsci\s4 ,great pa9t]s are s organiz$ t !y d _! be/ "w )\t ef=t3 b analyze ! t\*es aft]w>ds1 & y w f9d ! /ructure & dep? ( ! col\r laid ma!matically demon/rable to be ( lit]ally inf9ite f95ess1 ! la/ t\*es pass+ away at _! edges by untraceable gradation4 ,! v ess5ce ( a ma/]'s "w may ?us be remov$ by a picture- clean] 9 t5 m9utes4 ,obs]ve1 h[ev]1 ?is ?9ness exi/s only 9 portions ( ! ultimate t\*es1 = :i* ! prep>ation may (t5 h be5 made ) solid col\rs1 commonly1 & lit]ally1 call$ dead col\r+1 b ev5 t is always subtle if a ma/] lays x--subtle at lea/ 9 draw+1 if simple 9 hue2 & f>!r1 obs]ve t ! ref9em5t ( "w consi/s n 9 lay+ absolutely little col\r1 b 9 always lay+ precisely ! "r quantity4 ,to lay on little ne$s inde$ ! r>e lightness ( h&2 b to lay mu*1--yet n "o atom too mu*1 & obta9 subtlety1 n by )hold+ /r5g?1 b by precision ( pause1--t is ! ma/]'s f9al sign-manual--p[]1 k1 & t5d]ness all unit$4 ,a great deal ( col\r may (t5 be want$2 p]haps q a mass ( x1 su* z %all project f ! canvas2 b ! real pa9t] lays ?is mass ( its requir$ ?ickness & %ape ) z mu* precision z if x 7 a bud ( a fl[] :i* he _h to t\* into blossom2 "o ( ,turn]'s load$ fragm5ts ( :ite cl\d is modell$ & gradat$ 9 an in/ant1 z if x alone 7 ! subject ( ! picture1 :5 ! same quantity ( col\r1 "u ano!r h&1 w\ld be a lifeless lump4 ,! foll[+ extract f a lett] 9 ! ,lit]>y ,gazette ( #ac? ,novemb]1 #aheh1 :i* ,i 0 oblig$ to write to def5d a que/ion$ expression respect+ ,turn]'s subtlety ( h& f a *>ge ( hyp]bole1 conta9s "s int]e/+ & conclusive evid5ce on ! po9t1 ?\gh x ref]s to p5cil & *alk draw+ only3-- ,i mu/ ask y to all[ me yet leave to reply to ! objections y make to two /atem5ts 9 my catalogue1 z ^? objections w\ld o!rwise dim9i% its usefulness4 ,i h ass]t$ t1 9 a giv5 draw+ 7nam$ z "o ( ! *ief 9 ! s]ies71 ,turn]'s p5cil did n move ov] ! ?\s&? ( an in* )\t mean+2 & y *>ge ?is expression ) extravagant hyp]bole4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is mu* )9 ! tru?1 be+ m]ely a ma!matically accurate description ( fairly good execution 9 ei!r draw+ or engrav+4 ,x is only necess>y to measure a piece ( any ord9>y good "w to asc]ta9 ?is4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ,f9d5's engrav+ at ! #ahj? page ( ,rog]s' poems2 9 :i* ! face ( ! figure1 f ! *9 to ! top ( ! br[1 occupies j a qu>t] ( an in*1 & ! space betwe5 ! upp] lip & *9 z ne>ly z possible "o-sev5te5? ( an in*4 ,! :ole m\? occupies "o-?ird ( ?is space1 say "o- fiftie? ( an in*1 & )9 t space bo? ! lips & ! mu* m difficult inn] corn] ( ! m\? are p]fectly drawn & r\nd$1 ) q successful & suffici5tly subtle expression4 ,any arti/ w assure y t 9 ord] to draw a m\? z well z ?is1 !re mu/ be m ?an tw5ty gradations ( %ade 9 ! t\*es2 t is to say1 9 ?is case1 gradations *ang+1 ) mean+1 )9 less ?an ! ?\s&? ( an in*4 ,b ?is is m]e *ild's play comp>$ to ! ref9em5t ( a fir/- rate me*anical "w--mu* m ( bru% or p5cil draw+ by a ma/]'s h&4 ,9 ord] at once to furni% y ) au?oritative evid5ce on ?is po9t1 ,i wrote to ,mr4 ,k+sley1 tutor ( ,sidney-,sussex ,college1 a fri5d to :om ,i always h rec\rse :5 ,i want to be precisely "r 9 any matt]2 = 8 great k bo? ( ma!matics & ( natural sci5ce is jo9$1 n only ) s+ul> p[]s ( delicate exp]im5tal manipulation1 b ) a ke5 s5sitiv5ess to beauty 9 art4 ,8 answ]1 9 its f9al /atem5t respect+ ,turn]'s "w1 is amaz+ ev5 to me1 & w1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 be m s to y\r read]s4 ,obs]ve ! successions ( measur$ & te/$ ref9em5t3 "h is ,no4 #a3-- ',! f9e/ me*anical "w t ,i "k1 :i* is n optical1 is t done by ,nob]t 9 ! way ( rul+ l9es4 ,i h a s]ies rul$ by him on glass1 giv+ actual scales f 4#jjjjbd & 4#jjjjaf ( an in*1 p]fectly correct to ^! places ( decimals1 & he has execut$ o!rs z f9e z 4#jjjjab1 ?\gh ,i d n "k h[ f> he c\ld repeat ^! la/ ) accuracy4' ,?is is ,no4 #a ( precision4 ,mr4 ,k+sley proce$s to ,no4 #b3-- ',b ?is is rude "w comp>$ to ! accuracy necess>y = ! con/ruction ( ! object-glass ( a microscope su* z ,rosse turns out4' ,i am sorry to omit ! explanation :i* foll[s ( ! t5 l5ses compos+ su* a glass1 'ea* ( :i* mu/ be exact 9 radius & 9 surface1 & all h _! axes co9cid5t3' b x w\ld n be intelligible )\t ! figure by :i* x is illu/rat$2 s ,i pass to ,mr4 ,k+sley's ,no4 #c3-- ',i am tol]ably famili>1' he proce$s1 ') ! actual gr9d+ & poli%+ ( l5ses & specula1 & h produc$ by my own h& "s by no means bad optical "w1 & ,i h copi$ no small am\nt ( ,turn]'s "w1 & ,i /ill look ) awe at ! comb9$ delicacy & precision ( 8 h&2 ,,x ,,beats ,,optical ,,"w ,,out ,,( ,,sight4 ,9 optical "w1 z 9 ref9$ draw+1 ! h& goes beyond ! eye1 & "o has to dep5d ^u ! feel2 & :5 "o has once le>n$ :at a delicate affair t\* is1 "o gets a horror ( all co>se "w1 & is ready to =give any am\nt ( feebl5ess1 soon] ?an t boldness :i* is ak9 to impud5ce4 ,9 optics ! di/9ction is easily se5 :5 ! "w is put to trial2 b "h too1 z 9 draw+1 x requires an educat$ eye to tell ! diff]5ce :5 ! "w is only mod]ately bad2 b ) bold "w1 no?+ c be se5 b di/ortion & fog3 & ,i he>tily wi% ! same result w\ld foll[ ! same k9d ( h&l+ 9 draw+2 b "h1 ! boldness *eats ! unle>n$ by look+ l ! precision ( ! true man4 ,x is v /range h[ mu* bett] our e>s are ?an our eyes 9 ?is c\ntry3 if an ignorant man 7 to be bold ) a viol91 he w\ld n get _m admir]s1 ?\gh 8 boldness 0 f> bel[ t ( n9ety-n9e out ( a hundr$ draw+s "o sees4' ,! words :i* ,i h put 9 italics 9 ! above extract are ^? :i* 7 surpris+ to me4 ,i knew t ,turn]'s 0 z ref9$ z any optical "w1 b _h no idea ( its go+ beyond x4 ,mr4 ,k+sley's ^w 'awe' occurr+ j be=e1 is1 h[ev]1 z ,i h (t5 felt1 precisely ! "r "o4 ,:5 once we beg9 at all to und]/& ! h&l+ ( any truly great executor1 su* z t ( any ( ! ?ree great ,v5etians1 ( ,correggio1 or ,turn]1 ! awe ( x is some?+ great] ?an c be felt f ! mo/ /up5d\s natural sc5]y4 ,= ! creation ( su* a sy/em z a high human intellig5ce1 end[$ ) its ineffably p]fect in/rum5ts ( eye & h&1 is a f> m appall+ manife/ation ( ,inf9ite ,p[]1 ?an ! mak+ ei!r ( seas or m\nta9s4 ,aft] ?is te/imony to ! completion ( ,turn]'s "w1 ,i ne$ n at l5g? def5d myself f ! *>ge ( hyp]bole 9 ! /atem5t t1 'z f> z ,i "k1 ! gall]ies ( ,europe may be *all5g$ to produce "o sket* footnote3 ,a sket*1 obs]ve1--n a f9i%$ draw+4 ,sket*es are only prop] subjects ( comp>ison ) ea* o!r :5 !y conta9 ab\t ! same quantity ( "w3 ! te/ ( _! m]it is ! quantity ( tru? told ) a giv5 numb] ( t\*es4 ,! ass]tion 9 ! ,catalogue :i* ?is lett] 0 writt5 to def5d1 0 made respect+ ! sket* ( ,rome1 ,no4 #aja4 t %all equal ! *alk /udy ,no4 #de1 or ! feeble/ ( ! memor&a 9 ! #ga/ & foll[+ frames2' :i* memor&a1 h[ev]1 x %\ld h be5 obs]v$1 are /at$ at ! #dd? page to be 9 "s respects '! gr&e/ "w 9 grey t he did 9 8 life4' ,= ,i believe t1 z manipulators1 none b ! f\r m5 :om ,i h j nam$ 7! ?ree ,v5etians & ,correggio7 7 equal to ,turn]2 &1 z f> z ,i "k1 none ( ^? f\r ev] put _! full /r5g? into sket*es4 ,b :e!r !y did or n1 my /atem5t 9 ! catalogue is limit$ by my own k3 &1 z f> z ,i c tru/ t k1 x is n an en?usia/ic /atem5t1 b an entirely calm & consid]$ "o4 ,x may be a mi/ake b x is n a hyp]bole4 ,,app5dix ,v4 ,i c only give1 to illu/rate ?is balcony1 fac-similes ( r\gh memor&a made on a s+le leaf ( my note-book1 ) a tir$ h&2 b x may be useful to "y /ud5ts to see !m1 9 ord] t !y may "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 notes made to get at ! gi/ & he>t ( a ?+1 & notes made m]ely to look neat4 ,only x mu/ be obs]v$ t ! be/ *>act]s ( free draw+ are always lo/ ev5 9 ! mo/ c>eful facsimile2 & ,i %\ld n %[ ev5 ^! slight notes 9 woodcut imitation1 unless ! read] _h x 9 8 p[]1 by a glance at ! #ba/ or #ce? plates 9 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s 7& yet bett]1 by try+ to copy a piece ( ei!r ( !m71 to asc]ta9 h[ f> ,i c draw or n4 ,i ref] to ^! plates1 because1 ?\gh ,i di/9ctly /at$ 9 ! preface t !y1 toge!r ) ! #ab?1 #bj?1 #cd?1 & #cg?1 7 execut$ on ! /eel by my own h&1 7! use ( ! dry po9t 9 ! =egr\nds ( ! #ab? & #ba/ plates be+ moreov] :olly diff]5t f ! common processes ( et*+7 ,i f9d x con/antly assum$ t !y 7 engrav$ = me--z if direct ly+ 9 su* matt]s 7 a ?+ ( q common usage4 ,fig4 #b is ! c5tre-piece ( ! balcony1 b a leaf-spray is omitt$ on ! "r-h& side1 hav+ be5 too mu* buri$ among ! real leaves to be drawn4 ,fig4 #c %[s ! int5d$ g5]al effect ( its masses1 ! five-leav$ & six-leav$ fl[]s be+ cle>ly di/+ui%able at any di/ance4 ,fig4 #d is its pr(ile1 r c>efully drawn at ! top1 to %[ ! tulip & turkscap lily leaves4 ,und]nea? !re is a plate ( iron beat5 into broad ?9 leaves1 :i* gives ! c5tre ( ! balcony a gradual sweep outw>ds1 l ! side ( a %ip ( w>4 ,! c5tral pr(ile is ( ! greate/ importance 9 ironwork1 z ! fl[ ( x affects ! curves ( ! :ole design1 n m]ely 9 surface1 z 9 m>ble c>v+1 b 9 _! int]sections1 :5 ! side is se5 ?r\gh ! front4 ,! light] leaves1 b b1 are real b9dwe$4 ,fig4 #e %[s two ( ! tee? ( ! bord]1 illu/rat+ _! irregul>ity ( =m1 :i* takes place q to ! ext5t indicat$4 ,fig4 #f is ! bord] at ! side ( ! balcony1 %[+ ! mo/ int]e/+ circum/ance 9 ! treatm5t ( ! :ole1 namely1 ! enl>gem5t & retraction ( ! tee? ( ! cornice1 z x approa*es ! wall4 ,?is treatm5t ( ! :ole cornice z a k9d ( wrea? r\nd ! balcony1 hav+ its leaves flung loose at ! back1 & set close at ! front1 z a girl w\ld ?r[ a wrea? ( leaves r\nd h] hair1 is precisely ! mo/ f9i%$ indication ( a good workman's m9d to be f\nd 9 ! :ole ?+4 ,fig4 #g %[s ! outl9e ( ! retract$ leaves accurately4 ,x 0 not$ 9 ! text t ! :ole ( ?is ironwork _h be5 col\r$4 ,! difficulty ( col\r+ ironwork rightly1 & ! necessity ( do+ x 9 "s way or o!r1 h be5 ! pr9cipal reasons = my nev] hav+ ent]$ he>tily into ?is subject2 = all ! ironwork ,i h ev] se5 look beautiful 0 ru/y1 & ru/y iron w n answ] mod]n purposes4 ,nev]!less x may be pa9t$1 b x ne$s "s "o to d x :o kn[s :at pa9t+ means1 & few ( u d--c]ta9ly none1 z yet1 ( our re/or]s ( decoration or writ]s on col\r4 ,x is a m>vell\s ?+ to me t book aft] book %\ld appe> on ?is la/ subject1 )\t app>5tly ! slighte/ consci\sness on ! "p ( ! writ]s t ! fir/ necessity ( beauty 9 col\r is gradation1 z ! fir/ necessity ( beauty 9 l9e is curvature1--or t ! second necessity 9 col\r is my/]y or subtlety1 z ! second necessity 9 l9e is s(tness4 ,col\r ungradat$ is :olly valueless2 col\r unmy/]i\s is :olly b>b>\s4 ,unless x looses itself & melts away t[>ds o!r col\rs1 z a true l9e loses itself & melts away t[>ds o!r l9es1 col\r has no prop] exi/5ce1 9 ! noble s5se ( ! ^w4 ,:at a cube1 or tetrah$ron1 is to organic =m1 ungradat$ & unconfus$ col\r is to organic col\r2 & a p]son :o attempts to arrange col\r h>monies )\t gradation ( t9t is 9 precisely ! same category1 z an arti/ :o %\ld try to compose a beautiful picture out ( an accumulation ( cubes & p>allelepip$s4 ,! value ( hue 9 all illum9ations on pa9t$ glass ( f9e p]iods dep5ds prim>ily on ! exp$i5ts us$ to make ! col\rs palpitate & fluctuate2 inequality ( brilliancy be+ ! condition ( brilliancy1 j z inequality ( acc5t is ! condition ( p[] & lovel9ess 9 s\nd4 ,! skill ) :i* ! ?irte5? c5tury illum9ators 9 books1 & ! ,indians 9 %awls & c>pets1 use ! m9ute/ atoms ( col\r to gradate o!r col\rs1 & confuse ! eye1 is ! fir/ secret 9 _! gift ( spl5d\r3 associat$1 h[ev]1 ) s _m o!r artifices :i* are q in/9ctive & untea*able1 t x is ( little use to dwell ^u !m4 ,delicacy ( organization 9 ! design] giv51 y w soon h all1 & )\t x1 no?+4 ,h[ev]1 n to close my book ) despond+ words1 let me set d[n1 z _m ( u l su* ?+s1 five ,laws to :i* !re is no exception :atev]1 & :i*1 if !y c enable no "o to produce good col\r1 are at lea/1 z f> z !y rea*1 accurately condemnatory ( bad col\r4 #a4 ,,all ,,good ,,col\r ,,is ,,gradat$4 ,a blu% rose 7or1 bett] /ill1 a blu% itself71 is ! type ( rightness 9 arrangem5t ( pure hue4 #b4 ,,all ,,h>monies ,,( ,,col\r ,,dep5d ,,= ,,_! ,,vitality ,,on ,,! ,,action ,,& ,,helpful ,,op]ation ,,( ,,e ,,p>ticle ,,( ,,col\r ,,!y ,,conta94 #c4 ,,! ,,f9al ,,p>ticles ,,( ,,col\r ,,necess>y ,,to ,,! ,,complet5ess ,,( ,a ,,col\r ,,h>mony ,,are ,,always ,,inf9itely ,,small2 ei!r laid by immeasurably subtle t\*es ( ! p5cil1 or produc$ by portions ( ! col\r+ sub/ance1 h[ev] di/ribut$1 :i* are s absolutely small z to become at ! int5d$ di/ance inf9itely s to ! eye4 #d4 ,,no ,,col\r ,,h>mony ,,is ,,( ,,high ,,ord] ,,unless ,,x ,,involves ,,indescribable ,,t9ts4 ,x is ! be/ possible sign ( a col\r :5 nobody :o sees x kn[s :at to call x1 or h[ to give an idea ( x to any "o else4 ,ev5 among simple hues ! mo/ valuable are ^? :i* _c be def9$2 ! mo/ preci\s purples w look br[n beside pure purple1 & purple beside pure br[n2 & ! mo/ preci\s gre5s w be call$ blue if se5 beside pure gre51 & gre5 if se5 beside pure blue4 #e4 ,,! ,,f9] ,,! ,,eye ,,= ,,col\r1 ,,! ,,less ,,x ,,w ,,require ,,to ,,gratify ,,x ,,int5sely4 ,b t little mu/ be supremely good & pure1 z ! f9e/ notes ( a great s+]1 :i* are s ne> to sil5ce4 ,& a great col\ri/ w make ev5 ! abs5ce ( col\r lovely1 z ! fad+ ( ! p]fect voice makes sil5ce sacr$4