,all ,rights ,res]v$4 ,,infantry ,,tra9+4 #aije4 ,illu/ration ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,8 ,,maje/y',s ,,/ation]y ,,(fice1 ,,by ,,h>rison ,,& ,,sons1 ,,/ ,,m>t9',s ,,lane1 ,,pr9t]s ,,9 ,,ord9>y ,,to ,,8 ,,maje/y4 ,& to be pur*as$1 ei!r directly or ?r\gh any ,booksell]1 f ,,wyman ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd41 ,,fett] ,,lane1 ,e4,c41 or ,,oliv] ,,& ,,boyd1 ,,ed9burgh2 or ,e4 ,,ponsonby1 #aaf1 ,,grafton ,,/reet1 ,,dubl94 ,price ,"o ,%ill+ 7,wt4 w #bgfia #aej1jjj #b #je--;,h ,s #egdi7 ,?is ,manual is issu$ by ord] ( ! ,army ,c\ncil1 = ! guidance ( all conc]n$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ewd ,w>d ,secret>y1 ,army ,c\ncil4 ,,w> ,,(fice1 #a/ ,febru>y1 #aije4 ,,corrig5da4 ,"p ,,iv41 ,s4 #afc 7#a71 l9e #b1 = 8def5ce0 read 8attack40 ,z ,a4,f4,b #bad ne$ n 9 future be kept up1 ,"p ,v41 ,s4 #aha 7#f71 ,returns is cancell$4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,,key ,,to ,,plates #ae ,,def9itions #af ,,"p ,i4 ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,! ,,recruit4 ,,sect4 #a4 ,prelim9>y rem>ks #ba #b4 ,syllabus ( tra9+ #ba ,,squad ,,drill4 #c4 ,me?od ( in/ruction ( ! recruit #bi #d4 ,words ( comm& #cj ,,squad ,,drill1 ,,) ,,int]vals4 #e4 ,=mation ( squads #ca #f4 ,position ( att5tion #ca #g4 ,/&+ at ease #cb #h4 ,dress+ a squad ) int]vals #cb #i4 ,turn+s #cc #aj4 ,salut+ #cd ,,m>*+4 #aa4 ,l5g? ( pace & "t #ce #ab4 ,! drum & pace /ick #cf #ac4 ,position 9 m>*+ #cf #ad4 ,! quick m>* #cg #ae4 ,! halt #cg #af4 ,/epp+ out #cg #ag4 ,/epp+ %ort #ch #ah4 ,m>k+ "t #ch #ai4 ,/epp+ back #ch #bj4 ,*ang+ /ep #ci #ba4 ,! d\ble m>* #ci #bb4 ,! side /ep #dj #bc4 ,turn+ :5 on ! m>* #dj ,,squad ,,drill1 ,,9 ,,s+le ,,rank4 #bd4 ,=mation ( ! squad 9 s+le rank #da #be4 ,dress+ :5 halt$ #db #bf4 ,turn+s #db #bg4 ,m>*+ 9 squad #db #bh4 ,! diagonal m>* #dc #bi4 ,*ang+ direction #de #cj4 ,m>*+ z 9 file #df #ca4 ,*ang+ direction z 9 file #df #cb4 ,m5 m>*+ z 9 file1 =m+ up into squad #dg #cc4 ,m>*+ ) arms #dg ,,squad ,,drill1 ,,9 ,,two ,,ranks4 #cd4 ,=mation ( a squad 9 two ranks #dh #ce4 ,dress+ #dh #cf4 ,m>*+ 9 squad & 9 file #di #cg4 ,*ang+ ranks #di #ch4 ,! diagonal m>* #di #ci4 ,*ang+ direction & =m+ up #ej #dj4 ,! =mation ( f\rs #ej #da4 ,f\rs *ang+ direction1 & =m+ squad #ec #db4 ,passage ( a defile #ec #dc4 ,ob/acles #ec #dd4 ,dismiss+1 ) or )\t arms #ec ,,skirmi%+4 #de4 ,g5]al rules #ed #df4 ,c\rse ( tra9+ #ed #dg4 ,prelim9>y tra9+ #ee #dh4 ,me?od ( ext5d+ & clos+1 c4 #ef #di4 ,signals & :i/le bla/s & w> calls #eg #ej4 ,practical skirmi%+ #ei #ea4 ,cov] #fj #eb4 ,blank ammunition #fb #ec4 ,fire effect #fc #ed4 ,report+ & pass+ ord]s #fd #ee4 ,int]vals #fd #ef4 ,re9=c+ #fd #eg4 ,assembly aft] disp]sal #fe #eh4 ,inspection ( skirmi%]s #fe ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,! ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,! ,,company4 #ei4 ,prelim9>y rem>ks #fg ,,drill4 #fj4 ,g5]al rules #gb #fa4 ,inspection & tell+ (f #ge #fb4 ,! =mation ( f\rs #gf #fc4 ,*ang+ ranks #gf #fd4 ,a company column =m+ company #gf #fe4 ,m>*+ 9 l9e #gg #ff4 ,a company 9 l9e =m+ to ! "r or left #gh #fg4 ,a company 9 l9e1 or mov+ to a flank 9 f\rs1 =m+ company column #gh #fh4 ,:5 m>*+1 f\rs or file1 =m+ up into l9e #hj #fi4 ,a column *ang+ direction #hj #gj4 ,movem5ts 9 l9e 7or l9es7 ( sections #hj #ga4 ,drill 9 s+le rank #ha #gb4 ,fire action #hb #gc4 ,:5 disp]s$1 re-assembl+ #hc #gd4 ,dismiss+ #hc #ge4 ,inspection 9 close ord] drill #hc ,,skirmi%+4 #gf4 ,g5]al rem>ks #hd ,,attack ,,practice4 #gg4 ,g5]al rules #he #gh4 ,position ( ! comm&]s #hh #gi4 ,casualties #hh #hj4 ,in/ructions = comm&]s #hh #ha4 ,duty ( ! skirmi%] #hi #hb4 ,def5ce practice #ij #hc4 ,reconnaissance practice #ia #hd4 ,retirem5ts #ia #he4 ,meet+ an attack by cavalry #ib #hf4 ,sc\t+ #ic #hg4 ,duties ( sc\ts #ic #hh4 ,tra9+ ( #id #hi4 ,! inspection 9 skirmi%+ #ie #ij4 ,%elt] tr5* ex]cise #ie ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,battalion1 ,,brigade1 ,,& ,,division ,,drill4 ,,battalion ,,drill4 #ia4 ,g5]al rules #ih #ib4 ,=mations #ajj #ic4 ,a battalion 9 qu>t] column #aja #id4 ,movem5ts 9 qu>t] column #ajc #ie4 ,a qu>t] column :eel+ #ajc #if4 ,a battalion 9 qu>t] column op5+ to column #ajd #ig4 ,a battalion 9 column on ! m>* clos+ to qu>t] column #ajf #ih4 ,a battalion 9 column or qu>t] column advanc+ 9 f\rs1 or vice v]s #ajf #ii4 ,a battalion 9 column *ang+ direction #ajh #ajj4 ,movem5ts 9 l9e or l9es ( company columns #ajh #aja4 ,:5 disp]s$1 re-assembl+ #aji #ajb4 ,inspection ( a battalion #aaj ,,brigade ,,& ,,division ,,drill4 #ajc4 ,g5]al rules #aaa #ajd4 ,a brigade :eel+ f mass into l9e ( battalions & vice v]s #aab #aje4 ,a mass deploy+ into l9e ( battalions & vice v]s #aab #ajf4 ,m>*+ 9 l9e ( battalions ei!r 9 column or qu>t] column #aac ,,=mations ,,applicable ,,to ,,savage ,,w>f>e4 #ajg4 ,g5]al rules #aac #ajh4 ,a battalion 9 l9e #aad #aji4 ,a qu>t] column or column deploy+ into l9e #aad #aaj4 ,m>*+ 9 l9e #aae #aaa4 ,a l9e *ang+ position1 f ! halt1 on a flank company #aaf #aab4 ,a battalion 9 l9e =m+ column or qu>t] column #aaf #aac4 ,a l9e pass+ ob/acles1 or mov+ ov] brok5 gr\nd #aag #aad4 ,a l9e =m+ column to ! "r or left #aag #aae4 ,a l9e advanc+ 9 column #aah #aaf4 ,a qu>t] column on ! m>* =m+ l9e to a flank #aah #aag4 ,e*elon movem5ts f l9e1 column or qu>t] column #aah #aah4 ,meet+ an attack by cavalry or swordsm5 #aai #aai4 ,=mation ( squ>es #abj ,,brigade ,,drill4 #abj4 ,deploym5ts #abb #aba4 ,m>*+ 9 l9e #abb #abb4 ,a brigade 9 l9e advanc+ 9 columns or qu>t] columns #abb #abc4 ,a brigade =m+ squ>e #abb ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,infantry ,,9 ,,attack ,,& ,,def5ce4 #abd4 ,g5]al pr9ciples #abc #abe4 ,position & duties ( lead]s 9 action #abe #abf4 ,fire action #abf #abg4 ,fire discipl9e #abg #abh4 ,ranges #abh ,,! ,,attack4 ,,nature ,,( ,,an ,,(f5sive ,,action4 #abi4 ,di/ribution ( infantry 9 ! attack #abh #acj4 ,prelim9>y measures #abi #aca4 ,issue ( ord]s #acj #acb4 ,duties ( ! sev]al bodies #aca #acc4 ,infantry =mations 9 reg>d to fire #acc #acd4 ,fire #acc #ace4 ,co-op]ation betwe5 artill]y & infantry 9 ! attack #ace #acf4 ,! decisive attack #acf #acg4 ,! assault #acg #ach4 ,rally+ & r$i/ribution #ach #aci4 ,hold+ attacks #ach #adj4 ,fe9ts #aci #ada4 ,flank attacks #aci #adb4 ,surprises #adj #adc4 ,local flank+ fire #adj #add4 ,=mations #adj #ade4 ,frontage #ada #adf4 ,di/ances #adb #adg4 ,int]vals #adc #adh4 ,direction & pace #adc #adi4 ,ma*9e guns #add ,,! ,,company ,,9 ,,attack4 #aej4 ,g5]al rules #ade ,,! ,,battalion ,,9 ,,attack4 #aea4 ,g5]al rules #adh #aeb4 ,ord]s #adi #aec4 ,di/ribution ( ! companies 9 ! decisive attack #aej #aed4 ,! fir+ l9e & supports #aea #aee4 ,! res]ve #aea #aef4 ,hold+ attack #aeb #aeg4 ,in/ruction #aec ,,! ,,brigade ,,9 ,,attack4 #aeh4 ,g5]al rules #aec ,,! ,,division ,,9 ,,attack4 #aei4 ,g5]al rules #aed ,,! ,,def5ce4 #afj4 ,di/ribution ( infantry = def5ce #aee #afa4 ,occupation ( ! position #aef #afb4 ,entr5*+ a position #aeg #afc4 ,fire #aeh #afd4 ,ma*9e guns #aeh #afe4 ,position ( ! res]ves #aei #aff4 ,duties ( (fic]s comm&+ res]ves #aei #afg4 ,local c\nt] attacks #afj #afh4 ,decisive c\nt] attacks #afj ,,! ,,company ,,9 ,,def5ce4 #afi4 ,g5]al rules #afb #agj4 ,duties ( ! subalt]ns1 section & squad lead]s #afb #aga4 ,duties ( ! company lead] #afc ,,! ,,battalion ,,9 ,,def5ce4 #agb4 ,g5]al rules #afc #agc4 ,duties ( ! comm&+ (fic] #afd ,,! ,,brigade ,,& ,,division ,,9 ,,def5ce4 #agd4 ,g5]al rules #afd ,,ammunition ,,& ,,entr5*+ ,,tools4 #age4 ,supply & transport ( ammunition 9 ! field #afe #agf4 ,entr5*+ tools #afi ,,"p ,v4 ,,annual ,,c\rse ,,( ,,tra9+4 #agg4 ,description ( c\rse #aga #agh4 ,detail ( ! c\rse #agb #agi4 ,annual c\rse ( tra9+ ( auxili>y =ces #agc #ahj4 ,g5]al rules #agd #aha4 ,company tra9+ #agd #ahb4 ,battalion tra9+ #agi ,,special ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,non-,,commission$ ,,(fic]s4 #ahc4 ,me?od ( in/ruction #agi ,,"p ,,vi4 ,,c]emonial4 #ahd4 ,g5]al rules #aha #ahe4 ,siz+ a company #ahc #ahf4 ,a company 9 l9e salut+ #ahe #ahg4 ,a company m>*+ pa/ #ahe ,,reviews4 #ahh4 ,=mations to be practis$ #ahh #ahi4 ,! ,col\rs #ahh #aij4 ,review ( a battalion #ahi #aia4 ,a battalion m>*+ pa/ #aib #aib4 ,a battalion advanc+ 9 review ord] #aif #aic4 ,review ( a brigade #aif #aid4 ,a brigade m>*+ pa/ #aii #aie4 ,a brigade advanc+ 9 review ord] #bjb #aif4 ,review ( a division #bjb #aig4 ,a division m>*+ pa/ #bjd #aih4 ,review ( any l>g] body ( troops ?an a division #bje #aii4 ,a l>g] body ( troops ?an a division m>*+ pa/ #bjg #bjj4 ,royal review #bjh ,,gu>ds4 #bja4 ,g5]al rules #bji #bjb4 ,reliev+ or po/+ a gu>d #baj #bjc4 ,reliev+ & po/+ s5tries1 & m>*+ reliefs #baj #bjd4 ,s5tries *all5g+ #baa #bje4 ,gu>ds turn+ out at night #bab #bjf4 ,gu>ds ( hon\r #bac #bjg4 ,troop+ ! ,col\r #bac #bjh4 ,,pres5tation ,,( ,,col\rs #bbj #bji4 ,,fir+ ,a ,,feu-,,de-,,joie #bba #baj4 ,,fun]als #bbc ,,key ,,to ,,plates4 ,(fic]s1 ,w>rant (fic]s1 ,non-commission$ (fic]s1 c4 ,,comm&+ ,,(fic] ,symbol ,,second ,,9 ,,comm& ,symbol ,,adjutant ,symbol ,,company ,,comm&] ,symbol ,,s5ior ,,subalt]n ,symbol ,,junior ,,subalt]n ,symbol ,,qu>t]ma/] ,symbol ,,! ,,k+',s ,,col\r ,symbol ,,! ,,regim5tal ,,col\r ,symbol ,,s]jeant-,,major ,symbol ,,/aff ,,s]jeant ,symbol ,,section ,,comm&] ,symbol ,,squad ,,comm&] ,symbol ,,private1 ,,front ,,rank ,symbol ,,private1 ,,re> ,,rank ,symbol ,,pione] ,,s]jeant ,symbol ,,pione] ,symbol ,,b& ,,ma/] ,symbol ,,b& ,,s]jeant ,symbol ,,b&sman ,symbol ,,s]jeant-,,drumm] ,symbol ,,drumm] ,symbol ,,signall] ,symbol ,,orig9al ,,=mation ,front ,rank ---------- ,re> ,rank ---------- ,,f9al ,,=mation ,front ,rank ,re> ,rank ,,def9itions4 ,,g5]al ,,def9itions4 ,alignm5t4 ,any /raight l9e on :i* a body ( troops is =m$1 or is to =m4 ,battalion4 ,! adm9i/rative unit ( infantry1 consi/+ g5]ally ( eight companies4 ,brigade4 ,f\r battalions 7normally71 ) c]ta9 additional adm9i/rative units4 ,column4 ,bodies ( troops on p>allel & successive alignm5t1 at a di/ance f "o ano!r equal to _! own frontage4 ,company ,column4 ,a company 9 column ( sections4 ,qu>t] ,column4 ,companies on p>allel & successive alignm5ts1 at a di/ance f "o ano!r ( six paces4 ,company4 ,! tactical unit ( infantry4 ,x is divid$ into two half-companies1 ea* ( :i* is aga9 divid$ into two sections4 ,a squad is ! half ( a section1 =m$ "u a select$ lead]1 = purposes ( discipl9e & manuvre4 ,cov]+4 ,! act ( "o or m m5 plac+ !mselves correctly 9 re> ( "o ano!r4 ,defile4 ,a portion ( ! r\te :i* troops c only trav]se on a n>r[ front2 e4g41 a m\nta9 pass1 a bridge1 an embankm5t4 ,to ,deploy4 ,to *ange =mation f column or qu>t] column into l9e on ! same alignm5t4 ,dep?4 ,! space occupi$ by a body ( troops f front to re>4 ,di/ance4 ,! space betwe5 m5 or bodies ( troops1 f front to re>4 ,division4 ,two brigades ) c]ta9 divisional troops4 ,direction1 ,! battalion1 company1 section1 or file1 battalion responsible = keep+ ! direction ( ! 7company1 l9e ( m>*4 section or file7 (4 ,to ,dress4 ,to take up ! alignm5t correctly4 ,drill4 ,! execution ( movem5ts 9 unison4 ,drill is ( two k9ds4 ,close ord] drill tea*es ! =mations & movem5ts suitable to ! assembly1 ! m>*1 to _m phases ( savage w>f>e1 & to c]emonial p>ades4 ,9 close ord] ! troops are =m$ & move 9 accordance ) ! in/ructions laid d[n 9 ?is manual2 ! words ( comm& are prescrib$1 & ! rank & file h only to obey ord]s4 ,skirmi%+ drill is ! f\ndation ( ! =mations & movem5ts suitable to battle & reconnaissance4 ,v few rules c be prescrib$1 & all ranks mu/ act to a l>ge ext5t indep5d5tly 9 c>ry+ out ord]s4 ,e*elon4 ,a =mation ( successive & p>allel units fac+ 9 ! same direction2 ea* on a flank & to ! re> ( ! unit 9 front ( x4 ,file4 ,a front rank man & 8 re> rank man4 ,fire unit4 ,any numb] ( m5 fir+ by ! executive comm& ( "o man4 ,flank1 direct+4 ,t by :i* units m>* or dress4 ,flank1 inn]4 ,t ne>] to ! po9t ( =mation or direction4 ,flank1 out]4 ,t opposite to ! inn] or direct+ flank4 ,frontage4 ,! ext5t ( gr\nd cov]$ lat]ally by troops4 ,int]val4 ,! lat]al space betwe5 m51 units1 or corps1 measur$ f flank to flank4 ,int]val1 deploy+4 ,! lat]al space betwe5 units 9 qu>t] column or 9 column1 on ! same alignm5t1 ! space be+ equal to ! frontage ( a unit 9 l9e4 ,l9e4 ,troops =m$ on ! same alignm5t4 ,mass4 ,battalions 9 qu>t] column1 on p>allel & successive alignm5ts ) any nam$ di/ance betwe5 battalions4 ,patrol4 ,a body ( m5 s5t out to reconnoitre or to gu>d aga9/ surprise4 ,po9t ( =mation4 ,! po9t on :i* a =mation is bas$4 ,position1 *ange (4 ,a movem5t by :i* a body ( troops takes up a new alignm5t4 ,rank4 ,a l9e ( m51 side by side4 ,reconnaissance4 ,se>*+ = in=mation ( ! enemy1 or z to ! nature ( ! gr\nd4 ,section4 ,! qu>t] ( a company4 ,section ( ,def5ce4 ,a portion ( a def5sive position :i* is allott$ to a di/9ct body ( troops4 ,squad4 ,! half ( a section1 or a small numb] ( m51 =m$ = drill1 or = "w4 ,sup]-num]>ies4 ,! non-commission$ (fic]s1 c41 =m+ ! ?ird rank4 ,:eel+4 ,a movem5t by :i* a body ( troops br+s =w>d a flank on a fix$ or mov+ pivot4 ,,infantry ,,tra9+4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,! ,,recruit4 #a4 ,prelim9>y rem>ks4 #a4 ,! object ( ! recruits c\rse ( tra9+ at ! dept is to fit ! soldi] to take 8 place 9 ! ranks ( 8 company on jo9+ 8 battalion4 ,= ?is purpose ! recruit mu/ be develop$ by physical ex]cises1 & be tra9$ 9 squad drill1 rifle & fir+ ex]cises1 9 ! e/imation ( ranges1 & 9 skirmi%+4 #b4 ,syllabus ( ,tra9+4 ,! foll[+ syllabus = ! tra9+ ( ! recruit at ! dept is giv5 z a guide1 b x ne$ n be rigidly adh]$ to3-- ,i4 ,,syllabus ,,( ,,tra9+4 #fj days ( #d h\rs ea*4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,employm5t4 ,h\rs4 ,rem>ks4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,fir/ ,=tnight4 -- ,equipm5t to be issu$ on jo9+4 ,physical tra9+ #aj ,physical ,tra9+1 ,sections #a to #aa inclusive "u ,s]jeant ,in/ructor4 ,physical tra9+ #aj ,physical ,tra9+1 ,sections #a to #aa "u ,squad ,in/ructor4 ,squad drill #af ,sections #e to #bc4 ,lectures & cate*ism #d ,second ,=tnight4 -- ,rifle to be issu$4 ,physical tra9+ #h ,physical tra9+ ) app>atus "u ,s]jeant ,in/ructor4 ,physical tra9+ #h ,physical ,tra9+1 ,sections #a to #aa "u ,squad ,in/ructor4 ,squad drill #g ,to ,section #ci4 ,rifle ex]cises #e ,musketry ex]cises #g ,musketry ,ex]cises1 ,sections #a to #c4 ,lectures #d ,m>*+ ord] #a ,?ird ,=tnight4 ,physical tra9+ #h ,physical tra9+ ) app>atus "u ,s]jeant ,in/ructor4 ,physical tra9+ #f ,physical ,tra9+1 ,sections #a to #aa 7,dummy ,rifles to be us$7 "u ,squad ,in/ructor4 ,squad drill #f ,to ,section #dd4 ,rifle ex]cises #e ,musketry ex]cises #e ,musketry ,ex]cises to ,section #i4 ,skirmi%+ #g ,sections #de to #di4 ,lectures #b ,m>*+ ord] #a ,f\r? ,=tnight4 ,physical tra9+ #g ,comm5ce ,dumb-bell ,ex]cises1 ,physical tra9+1 ,sections #bg to #cc1 "u ,s]jeant ,in/ructor4 ,physical tra9+ #f ,physical ,tra9+1 ,sections #a to #aa 7,rifles to be us$7 "u ,squad ,in/ructor4 ,squad drill #e ,to ,section #dd4 ,rifle ex]cises #d ,skirmi%+ #i ,sections #de to #eg4 ,musketry ex]cises #e ,musketry ,ex]cises to ,section #ad4 ,lectures #b ,m>*+ ord] #a ,fif? ,=tnight4 ,physical tra9+ #g ,physical tra9+ ) app>atus & bayonet fight+ "u ,s]jeant ,in/ructor4 ,physical tra9+ #f ,physical ,tra9+ to ,section #ai "u ,squad in/ructor4 ,squad drill #f ,to ,section #dd4 ,rifle ex]cises #b ,skirmi%+ #g ,sections #de to #eg4 ,gu>ds & s5tries #b ,musketry ex]cises #g ,musketry ,ex]cises to ,section #ad & #ah to #ba4 ,lectures #b ,m>*+ ord] #a ,six? ,=tnight4 ,physical tra9+ #g ,physical tra9+ ) app>atus & bayonet fight+ "u ,s]jeant ,in/ructor4 ,physical tra9+ #f ,physical ,tra9+ to ,section #ai "u ,squad ,in/ructor4 ,squad drill #d ,to ,section #dd4 ,rifle ex]cises #b ,skirmi%+ #aj ,sections #de to #eg4 ,gu>ds & s5tries #b ,musketry ex]cises #f ,musketry ,ex]cises to ,section #ad & #ah to #ba4 ,lectures #b ,m>*+ ord] #a ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,note4--,! c\rse ( in/ruction ( ! recruit 9 musketry tra9+1 rifle ex]cises1 bayonet fight+1 & physical tra9+ w be f\nd 9 8,! ,app5dix to ,tra9+ ,manuals40 ,,ii4 ,,in/ructions4 #a4 ,recruits w be =m$ = in/ructional purposes 9 squads1 ! maximum numb] ( m5 9 ea* squad %\ld n exce$ tw5ty4 #b4 ,! squad in/ructors w be mo/ c>efully select$4 ,!y mu/ be en]getic1 ?or\ghly well tra9$ 9 ! art ( in/ruction1 & intellig5t4 ,!y w rema9 ) ! same squad ?r\gh\t ! p]iod ( tra9+1 & w c>ry out ! :ole ( ! in/ruction1 9 physical tra9+1 drill1 rifle & fir+ ex]cises1 & skirmi%+1 except z not$ 9 above table4 #c4 ,tra9+ 9 drill1 physical ex]cises1 rifle & fir+ ex]cises1 & skirmi%+1 is to be z v>i$ z possible2 ! "w = ea* morn+ or aft]noon %\ld include m ?an "o ( ^! subjects4 #d4 ,equipm5t w be issu$ on jo9+1 b w n be worn on p>ade = ! fir/ mon?4 ,riffles w be issu$ z soon z ! comm&+ (fic] directs1 c]ta9ly n lat] ?an ! fir/ =tnight4 #e4 ,m>*+ w be c>ri$ out at ! discretion ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 &1 z a rule1 9 connection ) skirmi%+ practices4 #f4 ,at ! conclusion ( a recruit's c\rse ! (fic] comm&+ ! regim5tal di/rict w inspect ! recruits 9 all ! bran*es ( in/ruction4 ,9 conjunction ) a m$ical (fic] he w exam9e all m5 consid]$ too weak or awkw>d to jo9 battalions1 & submit a detail$ report to ! g5]al (fic] comm&+1 ) a recomm5dation z to :e!r su* m5 be reta9$ at ! dept = fur!r in/ruction1 or dis*>g$4 #g4 ,! sy/em ( ! tra9+ ( ! recruit is int5d$ to develop gradually 8 m5tal & physical p[]s1 (fic]s comm&+ w1 !re=e1 be held responsible t ! pr9ciples ( tra9+ h]e9 laid d[n are compli$ )1 & t in/ruction 9 musketry & skirmi%+ is n curtail$ 9 fav\r ( less ess5tial practices4 #h4 ,! foll[+ directions 9 connection ) ! progress ( ! recruit are giv5 = guidance ( in/ructors & sup]vis+ (fic]s3-- ,d\bl+3 ?is %\ld n exce$-- ,up to ! end ( ! fir/ mon?1 #fjj y>ds4 second #a1bjj ?ird #a1gfj ,at ! end ( ! ,fir/ ,mon?4 ,horizontal b>4--,he %\ld be able to pull to ! *e/ twice1 h&s rev]s$1 )\t assi/ance4 ,p>allel b>s4--,he %\ld be able to press up six times runn+4 ,at ! end ( ! ,second ,mon?4 ,horizontal b>4--,he %\ld be able to pull to ! *e/ at lea/ six times1 h&s rev]s$4 ,p>allel b>s4--,he %\ld be able to press up at lea/ t5 times4 ,jump+4--,correct /yle ( tak+ (f 7) ei!r foot7 & alight+ is requir$4 ,?is is ( m importance1 up to ?is "t1 ?an great height or wid? ( jump4 ,at ! end ( ! ,?ird ,mon?4 ,horizontal b>4--,he %\ld be able to pull to ! *e/ at lea/ t5 times1 h&s rev]s$4 ,p>allel b>s4--,he %\ld be able to press up at lea/ f\rte5 times4 ,jump+4--,he %\ld be able to jump a height ( at lea/ ?ree feet4 ,,iii4 ,,lectures ,,by ,,squad ,,in/ructors4 ,to be inv>iably att5d$ by an (fic]4 ,fir/ ,=tnight4 #a4 ,b>rack room duties4 ,cleanl9ess & sm>tness expect$ f ! soldi]4 ,dress & clo?+4 ,local ord]s4 ,good "n ( ! regim5t4 #b4 ,fitt+ equipm5t4 ,lay+ d[n kits4 ,conduct 9 t[n4 ,position ( provo/2 duty to obey & support him4 #c4 ,names1 rank1 & position ( (fic]s4 ,salut+4 ,mann] ( mak+ a compla9t4 ,report+ sick & hospital rules4 ,*ur* p>ade & behavi\r 9 *ur*4 #d4 ,lectures are to be giv5 to recruits on ! fact t _! prospects ( civil employm5t 9 aft] life dep5ds entirely on _! conduct :il/ 9 ! army1 & t no man c be regi/]$ = employm5t :o is n dis*>g$ ) a good "*1 & t pref]5ce w be giv5 to su* z h exempl>y or v good ones1 :ile = police or po/ (fice employm5t an additional c]tificate ( absolute sobriety is necess>y4 ,second ,=tnight4 #a4 ,! rifle4 ,names & use ( its diff]5t p>ts4 ,clean+ & c>e ( rifle4 #b4 ,m>*+ ord]1 c4 #c4 ,h9ts on m>*+2 boots1 socks1 clean feet1 treatm5t ( bli/]s4 ,dr9k+ on ! m>*4 ,fall+ out4 ,in/ances ( long m>*+ & endurance on "p ( ! regim5t4 ,?ird ,=tnight4 ,skirmi%+ & m>*+4 ,f\r? ,=tnight4 ,skirmi%+ & use ( ! rifle4 ,fif? ,=tnight4 ,skirmi%+1 & duties on gu>d1 ,six? ,=tnight4 ,recapitulation ( previ\s in/ruction4 ,dur+ ! lecture h\r1 "s "t %\ld be all[$ = cate*ism on prec$+ week's in/ruction4 ,! lectures on ! pr9ciples ( skirmi%+ & m>*+ %\ld always1 if possible1 be illu/rat$ by incid5ts tak5 f actual w>f>e4 ,! ,recruit on jo9+ 8 ,company4 ,a recruit aft] a c\rse ( ?ree mon?s' tra9+ at ! dept %\ld be suffici5tly tra9$ to be able to take 8 place 9 ! ranks ( 8 company1 b until he has acquir$ a ?or\gh k ( musketry1 & c h&le 8 rifle ) skill & confid5ce "u all conditions & 9 all positions1 8 daily in/ruction 9 musketry w be cont9u$4 ,! foll[+ w be ! c\rse3-- 7a7 ,c>e ( arms4 7b7 ,in/ruction 9 aim+4 7c7 ,! fir+ ex]cises4 7d7 ,in/ruction & practice 9 judg+ di/ance & 9 improvem5t ( eyesight4 ,a %ort ex]cise daily4 7e7 ,in/ruction 9 fir+ f beh9d cov]1 & 9 snap-%oot+4 7f7 ,in/ruction 9 ! !ory1 p[]s1 & me*anism ( ! rifle & its ammunition4 7g7 ,c\rse ( lectures & exam9ations on ! :ole ( ! above subjects4 ,,squad ,,drill4 #c4 ,me?od ( ,in/ruction ( ! ,recruit4 #a4 ,:5 once ! v>i\s motions h be5 le>nt1 x w be ! exception & n ! rule1 especially ) auxili>y =ces1 to in/ruct recruits by numb]s4 #b4 ,! in/ructor muse be cle>1 firm1 & concise 9 giv+ 8 directions4 ,he mu/ be pati5t1 mak+ all[ance = ! diff]5t capacity ( ! m5 :om he is tra9+2 & always be>+ 9 m9d t c>eful individual in/ruction is ! be/ means ( develop+ ! intellig5ce1 & !re=e ! f\ndation ( milit>y effici5cy4 #c4 ,! in/ructor1 :o w inv>iably c>ry a :i/le &1 if ! squad is receiv+ rifle in/ruction1 a rifle1 w tea* z mu* z possible by illu/ration1 ei!r p]=m+ ! movem5ts himself1 or caus+ !m to be p]=m$ by a sm>t recruit1 plac$ fac+ ! squad4 ,he w be c>eful1 9 ord] to /imulate ! intellig5ce & int]e/ ( ! recruits1 to expla9 cle>ly1 9 simple t]ms1 ! reason ( e movem5t & =mation1 & its application 9 ! field4 #d4 ,in/ructors %\ld be enc\rag$1 9 giv+ ! details ( ! diff]5t movem5ts1 to use _! own words4 ,s long z ! in/ruction is cle>ly und]/ood by ! m5 x is q immat]ial :e!r ! phras+ ( ?is manual is adh]$ to4 #e4 ,:5 fir/ taught 8 positions1 ! recruit %\ld be prop]ly plac$ by ! in/ructor2 :5 m advanc$1 he %\ld n be t\*$1 b made to correct himself :5 admoni%$4 ,he %\ld n be kept too long at any "o ex]cise4 ,squad drill %\ld be int]mix$ ) in/ruction 9 ! h&l+ ( ! rifle & ) physical tra9+1 & close ord] drill ) skirmi%+4 #f4 ,%ort & frequ5t drills are pref]able to long lessons1 :i* exhau/ ! att5tion bo? ( ! in/ructor & recruit4 ,recruits %\ld be advanc$ progressively f "o ex]cise to ano!r1 & %\ld n be kept back by m5 ( inf]ior capacity1 :o %\ld be mov$ into a less advanc$ squad4 #d4 ,words ( ,comm&4 #a4 ,e comm& mu/ be di/9ctly pron\nc$ & suffici5tly l\d to be he>d by all conc]n$4 #b4 ,e comm& t consi/s ( "o ^w mu/ be prec$$ by a caution4 ,! caution1 or caution>y "p ( a comm&1 mu/ be giv5 delib]ately & di/9ctly2 ! la/ or executive "p1 :i*1 9 g5]al1 %\ld consi/ ( only "o ^w or syllable1 mu/ be giv5 %>ply2 z ,company--,halt2 ,"r-h&--,salute4 ,a pause w inv>iably be made betwe5 ! caution & ! executive ^w4 #c4 ,:5 ! la/ ^w ( a caution is ! signal = any prep>atory movem5t1 x w be giv5 z an executive ^w1 & sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! comm& by a pause2 ?us1 ,"r--,=m4 ,quick--,m>*1 z ?\gh !re 7 two sep>ate comm&s1 ea* ) its caution & executive ^w4 #d4 ,:5 ! m5 are 9 motion1 executive words mu/ be complet$ z !y are comm5c+ ! pace :i* w br+ !m to ! spot on :i* ! comm& has to be execut$4 ,! caution1 !re=e1 mu/ be comm5c$ accord+ly4 #e4 ,"y (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s w be frequ5tly practis$ 9 giv+ words ( comm&4 ,!y %\ld always1 ev5 :5 on fatigue duty1 be> 9 m9d ! obligation ( sett+ an example ( soldi]ly sm>tness to ^? b5ea? !m4 ,slov5ly & indi/9ct words ( comm& result 9 slackness & hesitation on ! "p ( ! m54 #f4 ,! cautions & comm&s 9 ?is manual are1 z a rule1 giv5 ) reg>d to "o flank only1 b ! same pr9ciple applies equally to movem5ts to ! o!r flank1 :i* %\ld also be practis$4 ,9 squad drill ! words pr9t$ 9 italics 9 ! m>g9 are ! comm&s to be giv5 by ! in/ructor4 ,,squad ,,drill1 ,,) ,,int]vals4 #e4 ,=mation ( squads4 #a4 ,a few m5 w be plac$ 9 s+le rank at arm's l5g? ap>t2 :ile s =m$1 !y w be t]m$ a squad ) int]vals4 #b4 ,if necess>y1 ! squad may consi/ ( two ranks1 9 :i* case ! m5 9 ! re> rank w cov] ! int]vals betwe5 ! m5 9 ! front rank1 s t 9 m>*+ !y may take _! own po9ts1 z direct$ 9 ,s4 #ac4 #c4 ,recruits w1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 be plac$ by ! in/ructor )\t any dress+2 :5 !y h le>n$ to dress1 z direct$ 9 ,s4 #h1 !y w be taught to fall 91 z above describ$1 & !n to dress & to correct _! int]vals4 ,aft] !y h be5 in/ruct$ z f> z ,s4 #bc1 !y may fall 9 z direct$ 9 ,s4 #bd4 #d4 ,recruits =m$ into a squad w be direct$ to obs]ve ! relative places !y hold ) ea* o!r2 :ile re/+ betwe5 ! ex]cises !y w be p]mitt$ to fall out & move ab\t2 !y w be in/ruct$ on ! words ,fall 9 to fall 9 z !y /ood at fir/4 ,?is %\ld be con/antly practis$4 ,recruits w be in/ruct$ s+ly z well z toge!r 9 all ex]cises z f> z ,s4 #bc4 #f4 ,position ( ,att5tion4 ,! exact squ>5ess ( ! %\ld]s & body to ! front is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ! position ( ,att5tion4 ,! arms %\ld hang easily f ! %\ld]1 elb[s to ! re>2 ! f+]s toge!r1 slightly b5t1 & _! tips t\*+ ! ?igh lightly1 beh9d ! seam ( ! tr\s]s2 ! hips drawn back1 & ! *e/ advanc$1 b )\t con/ra9t4 ,! heels mu/ be 9 l9e & clos$2 ! knees well brac$ back2 ! toes turn$ out s t ! feet may =m an angle ( #de degrees2 ! weight ( ! body on ! =e "p ( ! feet4 ,! head is to be held erect1 b n ?r[n back2 ! *9 to be slightly drawn 92 & ! eyes look+ /raight to ! front4 #g4 ,/&+ at ease4 ,c>ry ! left foot ab\t t5 in*es to ! left1 at ! same "t grasp ! "r h& ,/& at--,ease4#a ) ! left beh9d ! back1 all[+ ! arms to hang to _! full ext5t2 bo? legs to be /raight4 ,:5 ! recruit falls 9 = in/ruction he w be taught to place himself 9 ! position above describ$4 ,squad1 ,att5--tion4 ,on ! ^w ,att5tion1 spr+ up to ! position describ$ 9 ,s4 #f4 ,no deviation f ! position ( ,/& at ease w be p]mitt$ unless ! comm& ,/&--easy is giv51 :5 ! m5 w be p]mitt$ to move _! limbs1 b )\t quitt+ _! gr\nd1 s t on com+ to ,att5tion !re w be no loss ( dress+4 ,:5 !re is no special reason = ord]+ ,/& at ease be=e ,/&--easy1 ! ord] to ,/&--easy w be giv5 )\t x4 ,on ! caution ,squad be+ giv5 to m5 /&+ easy1 e soldi] w at once assume ! position ( /&+ at ease4 #h4 ,dress+ a squad ) int]vals4 ,on ! ^w ,dress1 ea* recruit1 except ! "r-h& man1 w turn 8 head & eyes to ! "r & w !n ext5d 8 "r arm1 ,"r--,dress4 back ( ! h& upw>ds1 f+] tips t\*+ ! %\ld] ( ! man on 8 "r4 ,at ! same "t he w take up 8 dress+ 9 l9e by mov+1 ) %ort quick /eps1 till he is j able to di/+ui% ! l[] "p ( ! face ( ! second man beyond him4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t he c>ries 8 body backw>d or =w>d ) ! feet1 keep+ 8 %\ld]s p]fectly squ>e 9 _! orig9al position4 ,on ! ^w ,front1 ! head & eyes w be ,eyes--,front4 turn$ sm>tly to ! front1 ! arm dropp$1 & ! position ( ,att5tion1 z describ$ 9 ,s4 #f1 resum$4 ,a l9e w simil>ly be dress$ by ! left4 #i4 ,turn+s4 ,on ! ^w ,turn1 keep+ bo? knees well brac$ back & ! body erect1 turn to ! "r on ! "r heel & left toe1 rais+ ! left heel & "r toe 9 do+ s4 ,"r--,turn4 ,on ! completion ( ! prelim9>y movem5t1 ! "r foot mu/ be flat on ! gr\nd & ! body rais$ on ! left toe1 bo? legs brac$ up4 ,two4 ,on ! ^w ,two1 br+ ! left heel sm>tly up to ! "r4 ,on ! ^w ,turn1 keep+ bo? knees well brac$ back & ! body erect1 turn to ! left on ! left heel & "r toe1 rais+ ! "r heel & left toe 9 do+ s4 ,left--,turn4 ,on ! completion ( ! prelim9>y movem5t1 ! left foot mu/ be flat on ! gr\nd & ! body rais$ on ! "r toe1 bo? legs brac$ up4 ,two4 ,on ! ^w ,two1 br+ ! "r foot sm>tly up to left4 ,ab\t--,turn ,z detail$ 9 ! ,"r ,turn1 except t ! body w be turn$ ab\t to ! "r4 ,two4 ,z be=e detail$4 ,"r 7or ,left7 ,z be=e detail$1 turn+ half "r4 --,incl9e4 ,two4 ,z be=e detail$4 #aj4 ,salut+4 7,a7 ,salut+ to ! front4 ,caution4--,salute1 by numb]s4 ,on ! ^w ,"o1 br+ ! "r h& sm>tly1 ) a circul> motion1 to ! head1 ,"o4 palm to ! front1 f+]s ext5d$1 po9t ( ! =ef+] "o in* above ! "r eye1 ?umb close to ! =ef+]2 elb[ 9 l9e1 & ne>ly squ>e1 ) ! %\ld]4 ,two4 ,on ! ^w ,two1 cut away ! arm sm>tly to ! side4 ,caution4--,salute1 judg+ ! "t4 ,on ! ^w ,salute1 g ?r\gh ! motions ,salute4 z 9 ,"o1 & aft] a pause1 equal to two paces 9 quick "t1 cut away ! arm z 9 ,two4 7,b7 ,salut+ to ! side4 ,cautions4--,"r 7or ,left7 h& salute4 ,! salute w always be ) ! h& fur!r f ! p]son salut$4 ,! proc$ure w be z describ$ 9 7,a71 except t z ! h& is br\ght to ! salute1 ! head w be turn$ t[>ds ! p]son salut$4 ,recruits %\ld be practis$ 9 m>*+ two or ?ree toge!r1 salut+ po9ts be+ plac$ on ei!r side4 ,:5 sev]al m5 are toge!r1 ! man ne>e/ to ! po9t w give ! "t4 ,:5 a soldi] passes an (fic] he w salute on ! ?ird pace be=e rea*+ him1 & w l[] ! h& on ! ?ird pace aft] pass+ him2 if c>ry+ a cane he w place x sm>tly "u ! dis5gag$ arm1 cutt+ away ! h& be=e salut+4 ,a soldi]1 if sitt+ :5 an (fic] approa*es1 w rise1 /& at att5tion1 & salute2 if two or m m5 are sitt+ or /&+ ab\t1 ! s5ior non-commission$ (fic] or olde/ soldi] w call ! :ole to ,att5tion & alone w salute4 ,:5 a soldi] addresses an (fic]1 he w halt two paces f him1 & salute z 9 7,a74 ,he w also salute be=e )draw+4 ,:5 appe>+ be=e an (fic] 9 a room1 he w salute )\t remov+ 8 cap4 ,a soldi]1 )\t 8 cap1 or :5 c>ry+ any?+ t prev5ts him f salut+1 w1 if /&+ /ill1 come to att5tion z an (fic] passes2 if walk+1 he w turn 8 head sm>tly t[>ds ! (fic] 9 pass+ him4 ,a soldi]1 :5 rid+ a bicycle1 w turn 8 head sm>tly t[>ds an (fic] 9 pass+ him4 ,w>rant & non-commission$ (fic]s :o we> ! sword w always salute ) ! "r h&4 ,,m>*+4 #aa4 ,l5g? ( pace1 & "t4 #a4 ,l5g? ( pace4--,9 sl[ & quick "t ! l5g? ( a pace is #cj in*es4 ,9 /epp+ out1 x is #cc in*es1 9 d\ble "t1 #dj1 9 /epp+ %ort1 #ba1 & 9 ! side /ep1 #ae in*es4 ,:5 a soldi] takes a side pace to cle> or cov] ano!r1 z 9 =m+ f\rs1 ,s4 #dj1 ! pace w be #cj in*es4 #b4 ,"t4--,9 sl[ "t1 #ge paces are tak5 9 a m9ute4 ,9 quick "t1 #abj paces1 equal to #ajj y>ds 9 a m9ute1 or #c miles #gbj y>ds 9 an h\r4 ,9 d\ble "t1 #ahj paces1 equal to #bjj y>ds a m9ute4 ,! "t ( ! side /ep is ! same z = ! quick /ep4 ,di/ances ( #ajj & #bjj y>ds w be m>k$ on ! drill gr\nd1 & non-commission$ (fic]s & m5 practis$ 9 keep+ correct "t1 & l5g? ( pace4 ,m>*+ 9 sl[ "t w be practis$ only :5 requir$ = c]emonial purposes4 #ab4 ,! drum1 & pace /ick4 ,no recruit1 or squad ( recruits1 is to be taught to m>* )\t ! con/ant use ( ! drum1 & pace /ick4 ,! drum w fir/ beat ! "t 9 :i* ! m5 are to m>*1 :5 ! squad is halt$2 !n1 f "t to "t1 :5 x is 9 motion4 ,:ile ! drum is beat+1 at ! halt1 ! m5 w give _! att5tion to ! "t2 :5 x ceases1 ! in/ructor w put ! squad 9 motion4 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r ! "t is beat5 correctly1 a p5dulum %\ld be us$4 ,! l5g? ( ! pace 9 m>*+ w be correct$ ) ! pace /ick1 ! accuracy ( :i* %\ld occasionally be te/$ by measurem5t4 #ac4 ,position 9 m>*+4 ,9 m>*+1 ! soldi] mu/ ma9ta9 ! position ( ! head & body1 z direct$ 9 ,s4 #f1 ) ! weight on ! =e "p ( ! feet4 ,he mu/ be well balanc$ on 8 limbs4 ,9 sl[ "t 8 arms & h&s mu/ be kept /eady by 8 sides1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! h& does n p>take ( ! movem5t ( ! leg1 & ! toes mu/ be po9t$ d[nw>ds4 ,9 quick "t 8 arms w sw+ naturally f ! %\ld]1 ! "r arm sw++ =w>d ) ! left leg1 & ! left arm ) ! "r leg4 ,! h& mu/ n be swung 9 advance ( ! lead+ foot1 across ! body1 nor be rais$ high] ?an ! wai/belt4 ,! movem5t ( ! leg mu/ spr+ f ! haun*1 & be free & natural4 ,bo? knees mu/ be kept /raight1 except :ile ! leg is be+ c>ri$ f ! re> to ! front1 :5 ! knee mu/ necess>ily be a little b5t1 to enable ! foot to cle> ! gr\nd4 ,! foot mu/ be c>ri$ /raight to ! front1 &1 )\t be+ drawn back1 plac$ firmly on ! gr\nd1 b s z n to j]k or %ake ! body4 ,al?\gh sev]al recruits may be drill$ toge!r 9 a squad ) int]vals1 !y mu/ act indep5d5tly1 precisely z if !y 7 be+ in/ruct$ s+ly4 ,!y w ?us le>n to m>* 9 a /raight l9e1 & to take a correct pace1 bo? z reg>ds l5g? & "t1 )\t ref]5ce to ! o!r m5 ( ! squad4 ,be=e ! squad is put 9 motion1 ! in/ructor w take c>e t ! m5 are squ>e individually & 9 correct l9e ) ea* o!r4 ,ea* recruit mu/ be taught to take a po9t /raight to 8 front1 by fix+ 8 eyes ^u "s di/ant object1 & !n obs]v+ "s ne>] po9t 9 ! same /raight l9e1 su* z a /one1 tuft ( grass1 or o!r object4 #ad4 ,! ,quick ,m>*4 ,! "t hav+ be5 giv5 on ! drum1 ,quick--,m>*4 on ! ^w ,m>* ! squad w /ep (f toge!r ) ! left foot1 9 quick "t1 obs]v+ ! rules 9 ,s4 #ac4 #ae4 ,! ,halt4 ,on ! ^w ,halt1 ! mov+ foot w complete ,squad--,halt4 its pace1 & ! o!r w be br\ght sm>tly up 9 l9e ) x4 #af4 ,/epp+ ,out4 ,:5 m>*+1 on ! ^w ,out1 ! mov+ foot w complete its pace1 & ! ,/ep--,out4 soldi] w l5g!n ! pace by #c in*es1 lean+ =w>d a little1 b )\t alt]+ ! cad5ce4 ,?is /ep is us$ :5 a slight increase ( spe$1 )\t an alt]ation ( cad5ce1 is requir$2 on ! comm& ,quick--,m>* ! usual pace w be resum$4 #ag4 ,/epp+ %ort4 ,on ! ^w ,%ort1 ! foot advanc+ w complete its pace1 aft] :i* ea* soldi] w ,/ep--,%ort4 %ort5 ! pace by #i in*es until ! comm& ,quick--,m>* is giv51 :5 ! quick /ep w be resum$4 #ah4 ,m>k+ "t4 ,on ! ^w ,"t1 ! foot !n advanc+ w complete its pace1 aft] :i* ! "t w be cont9u$1 )\t advanc+1 by rais+ ea* foot alt]nately ab\t six in*es1 ,m>k--,"t4 keep+ ! feet almo/ p>allel ) ! gr\nd1 ! knees rais$ to ! front1 ! arms /eady at ! sides1 & ! body /eady4 ,on ! ^w ,=w>d1 ! pace at :i* ! m5 7 mov+ w be resum$4 ,at ! halt1 ! ^w ( comm& w be ,quick1 ,m>k--,"t4 #ai4 ,/epp+ back4 ,9 /epp+ back1 soldi]s mu/ be taught to take a quick pace ( #cj in*es /raight to --,paces1 ! re>1 pres]v+ _! %\ld]s squ>e ,/ep ,back--,m>*4 to ! front & _! bodies erect4 ,9 halt+1 ! foot 9 front w be br\ght back squ>e ) ! o!r4 ,! /ep back %\ld n exce$ f\r paces4 #bj4 ,*ang+ /ep4 ,to *ange /ep 9 m>*+1 ! advanc+ foot w complete its pace1 & ! ball ( ! ,*ange--,/ep4 re> foot w be br\ght up to ! heel ( ! advanc$ "o1 :i* w make ano!r /ep =w>d1 s t ! "t w n be lo/1 two successive /eps be+ tak5 ) ! same foot4 ,?is may be requir$ :5 any "p ( a squad1 or a s+le soldi]1 is /epp+ ) a diff]5t foot f ! re/4 ,to *ange /ep :5 m>k+ "t1 two successive beats w be made ) ! same foot4 #ba4 ,! ,d\ble ,m>*4 ,! "t hav+ be5 giv5 on ! drum1 on ! ^w ,m>*1 ! m5 w /ep (f toge!r ) ! left foot1 d\bl+ on ! =e "p ( ! foot1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! heels d n t\* ! gr\nd4 ,at ! same "t !y w raise _! h&s z high z ! wai/1 fi/s cl5*$1 ! flat "p ( ! wri/ inw>ds4 ,! arms mu/ move ) fre$om at ! %\ld] ,d\ble--,m>*4 ) ! action ( ! legs & be kept close to ! sides4 ,! head mu/ be kept erect & ! %\ld]s squ>e to ! front4 ,!re mu/ be no /iffness 9 ! movem5t ( ! legs2 ?igh1 knee1 & ankle jo9ts all work+ freely4 ,! feet mu/ be pick$ up cleanly f ! gr\nd at ea* pace1 & ! body incl9$ slightly =w>d4 ,z ! foot leaves ! gr\nd x %\ld be c>ri$ /raight to ! front1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! heels are n rais$ t[>ds ! seat4 ,squad--,halt4 ,z 9 ,s4 #ae1 at ! same "t dropp+ & p>tly op5+ ! h&s4 ,! recruit w be taught to m>k "t 9 d\ble "t1 ! h&s be+ rais$ & ! fi/s cl5*$ z :5 m>*+ 9 d\ble "t1 b ! arms kept /eady4 ,f ! halt1 ! ^w ( comm& w be ,d\ble1 ,m>k--,"t4 #bb4 ,! ,side /ep4 ,caution4--,"r 7or ,left7 close4 ,"r 7or ,on ! ^w ,m>*1 ea* man w c>ry 8 ,left7 ,close1 "r foot #ae in*es direct to ! "r1 & --,m>*4 in/antly close 8 left foot to x1 ?us or complet+ ! pace2 he w proce$ to take ! --,paces1 ,"r next pace 9 ! same mann]4 ,%\ld]s to be 7or ,left7 kept squ>e1 knees n b5t1 unless on r\gh or ,close1--,m>*4 brok5 gr\nd4 ,! direction mu/ be kept 9 a /raight l9e to ! flank4 ,on ! ^w ,halt1 :i* w be giv5 :5 ,squad--,halt4 ! numb] ( paces has n be5 specifi$1 ! m5 w complete ! pace !y are tak+1 & rema9 /eady4 ,soldi]s %\ld n usually be mov$ to a flank by ! side /ep m ?an twelve paces4 #bc4 ,turn+ :5 on ! m>*4 #a4 ,turn+ to ! "r1 & back into squad4--,on ! ^w ,turn1 :i* %\ld be giv5 z ! ,"r--,turn4 left foot is com+ to ! gr\nd1 ea* soldi] w turn 9 ! nam$ direction1 & move on at once1 )\t *eck+ 8 pace4 ,on ! ^w ,turn1 :i* %\ld be giv5 z ! "r foot is com+ to ! gr\nd1 ea* ,left--,turn4 soldi] w turn aga9 to ! left1 & move on )\t *eck+ 8 pace4 #b4 ,a soldi] w always turn to ! "r on ! left foot2 & to ! left on ! "r foot4 ,if ! ^w ,turn is n giv5 z ! prop] foot is com+ to ! gr\nd1 ! soldi] w move on "o pace & !n turn4 #c4 ,mak+ a half turn to ! "r1 or left4--,recruits w also be practis$ 9 mak+ a half turn to ! "r or left on ! words ,"r or ,left--,incl9e1 & !n mov+ on 7)\t *eck+ _! pace7 9 a diagonal direction1 tak+ up fre% po9ts1 at once1 to m>* on1 & turn+ 9 ! orig9al direction on ! ^w ,left or ,"r--,incl9e4 #d4 ,turn+ ab\t4--,on ! comm& ,ab\t turn1 recruits w also be taught to turn ab\t1 :i* mu/ be done by ea* man on 8 own gr\nd1 9 ?ree paces1 )\t los+ ! "t4 ,hav+ complet$ ! turn ab\t1 ! soldi] w at once move =w>d1 ! f\r? pace be+ a full pace ( #cj in*es4 ,,squad ,,drill1 ,,9 ,,s+le ,,rank4 #bd4 ,=mation ( ! squad 9 s+le rank4 ,at ?is /age ( ! in/ruction a few recruits w be =m$ 9 s+le rank1 ea* man be+ all[$ a space ( #cj in*es4 ,! accuracy ( ! spac+ %\ld be frequ5tly te/$ by ! in/ructor4 ,numb]4 ,! squad w !n be ord]$ to numb] f ! "r4 ,odd ,numb]s1 ,:5 a squad 9 s+le rank is requir$ to ,two ,paces drill ) int]vals1 ! in/ructor w direct ,=w>d1--,m>*4 ! odd numb]s to take two paces =w>d4 ,re=m ,to re-=m s+le rank ! odd numb]s w ,s+le /ep back two paces1 :5 ! squad w correct ,rank--,m>*4 ! dress+ f ! "r or left4 #be4 ,dress+ :5 halt$4 ,:5 soldi]s are on ! alignm5t !y h to occupy1 & x is necess>y to correct _! dress+1 ! comm& ,"r 7or ,left7--,dress w be giv51 on :i* ea* man w look t[>ds ! flank by :i* he is ord]$ to dress ) a sm>t turn ( ! head1 z describ$ 9 ,s4 #h4 ,ea* man w !n move up or back to 8 place successively1 comm5c+ ) ! man ne>e/ ! nam$ flank1 c>ry+ 8 body backw>d or =w>d ) ! feet1 mov+ to 8 dress+ ) %ort quick /eps1 )\t b5d+ backw>d or =w>d4 ,8 %\ld]s mu/ be kept p]fectly squ>e1 & ! position ( ,att5tion1 reta9$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! in/ructor %\ld inv>iably fix ^u "s object on :i* to dress 8 l9e4 ,x w be f\nd useful to accu/om m5 to dress on an alignm5t oblique to any well-def9$ adjac5t l9e4 #bf4 ,turn+s4 ,! recruit w next practice 9 s+le rank1 judg+ ! "t1 )\t any pause betwe5 ! motions1 ! turn+s he has be5 taught by numb]s4 #bg4 ,m>*+ 9 ,squad4 ,be=e a squad is ord]$ to m>*1 ! direct+ flank or man mu/ be indicat$ by ! caution1 ,by ! "r1 ,by ! left1 or ,by ,no4-4 ,dur+ ! m>*1 ! %\ld]s mu/ be kept p]fectly squ>e to ! front1 ! body /eady1 eyes (f ! gr\nd4 ,ea* man w pres]ve 8 position 9 ! g5]al alignm5t by an occasional glance t[>ds ! direct+ man4 ,! squad w fir/ be taught to m>* /raight to ! front1 by ! "r1 by ! left1 or by any man4 ,x w !n be practis$ 9 all ! v>ieties ( /ep 9 quick "t1 & 9 m>k+ "t1 aft] :i* x w be ex]cis$ 9 d\ble "t4 ,! recruit w be practis$ 9 *ang+ ! pace1 )\t halt+1 f quick to d\ble1 on ! comm& ,d\ble--,m>*1 & f d\ble to quick4 ,9 break+ f d\ble into quick "t1 on ! comm& ,quick--,m>*1 ! arms w be dropp$ to _! usual position4 ,! in/ructor w ensure t ! recruit on ! flank1 or ! nam$ numb]1 accord+ to ! caution1 selects two di/ant po9ts to m>* on1 & be=e approa*+ ! fir/ takes ano!r 9 advance on ! same l9e1 & s on4 ,by occasionally rema9+ halt$ 9 re> ( ! direct+ man1 & fix+ 8 eyes on ! di/ant objects1 ! in/ructor c asc]ta9 if ! squad is m>*+ 9 ! orig9al direction4 ,:5 a soldi] f9ds himself a little beh9d1 or be=e1 ! o!r m5 ( 8 squad1 he mu/ be taught to recov] 8 place 9 ! rank gradually1 & n to ru% to x4 #bh4 ,! ,diagonal ,m>*4 7,,plate ,i1 ,fig4 #a47 ,:5 ! squad is on ! m>* 9 l9e1 & is requir$ to move 9 a diagonal direction to ! "r1 ! comm& ,"r--,incl9e w be giv51 ^u :i* ! m5 w turn half "r1 & move diagonally 9 t direction1 ea* ,"r--,incl9e4 regulat+ 8 pace s t 8 own %\ld]s are p>allel ) ! %\ld]s ( ! man on 8 "r4 ,?is man's head %\ld conceal ! heads ( ! o!r m5 t[>ds ! "r4 ,! "r h& man w direct1 & mu/ !re=e pay p>ticul> att5tion to ! direction & pace4 ,:5 x is int5d$ to resume ! orig9al ,left--,incl9e4 direction1 ! ^w ,left--,incl9e w be giv51 on :i* e man w move =w>d 9 ! orig9al direction )\t *eck+ 8 pace4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4 ,,! ,,diagonal ,,m>*4 ,fig4 #a4 ,"r ,incl9e4 ,fig4 #b4 ,*ang+ ,direction4 ,at ! ,halt4 ,"r-=m4 ,fig4 #c4 ,=m+ up on ! ,"r4 ,=m ,squad4 ,! diagonal m>* may1 if necess>y1 be taught f ! halt4 ,if ! diagonal m>* has be5 prop]ly p]=m$1 ! squad :5 halt$1 or aft] ! words ,left--,incl9e1 w be f\nd to be 9 a l9e p>allel to its orig9al position4 ,! diagonal m>* w also be practis$ 9 d\ble "t4 #bi4 ,*ang+ ,direction4 7,,plate ,i1 ,fig4 #b47 ,at ! ,halt4 ,"r--,=m #a4 ,f ! ,halt4--,on ! ^w 7or ,=m1 ! "r-h& man w make ,half ,"r--,=m74 a full turn1 & ! rema9d] a p>tial turn 9 ! requir$ direction4 ,on ! ^w ,m>*1 all except ! ,quick--,m>*4 "r-h& man w /ep (f2 &1 glanc+ to ! "r1 w move by ! %orte/ l9e to _! places on ! new alignm5t1 halt1 & take up _! dress+ indep5d5tly4 #b4 ,! squad w also practise =m+ at any angle4 #c4 ,:5 x is int5d$ to move =w>d 9 ! new direction aft] =m+1 ! words ,at ! ,halt w be omitt$1 ! m5 w m>k "t :5 =m$1 & ! ^w ,=w>d w foll[4 #d4 ,on ! ,m>*4--,on ! comm& ,"r--,=m1 ! "r-h& man w turn 9 ! requir$ direction1 & m>k "t1 :ile ! rema9d] w make a p>tial turn1 & move by ! %orte/ l9e to _! places on ! new alignm5t4 ,z ea* man arrives 9 8 place he w m>k "t & take up 8 dress+ indep5d5tly4 ,z soon z ! squad is =m$1 ! comm& ,=w>d w be giv54 #e4 ,if x is desir$ to =m at ! halt :5 on ! m>*1 on ! comm& ,at ! ,halt--,"r--,=m1 ! "r-h& man w turn 9 ! requir$ direction & !n halt2 ! rema9d] w act z 9 #a4 #cj4 ,m>*+ z 9 file4 #a4 ,f ! halt4--,soldi]s1 :5 /&+ z 9 file1 mu/ be in/ruct$ to cov] ea* o!r ,"r--,turn4 exactly4 ,! head ( ! man imm$iately 9 front ( ea* soldi]1 :5 he is correctly cov]$1 w conceal ! heads ( all ! o!rs be=e him4 ,on ! ^w ,m>*1 ! :ole w /ep (f toge!r1 & w cont9ue to /ep a full pace1 )\t increas+ or dim9i%+ ! di/ance ,quick--,m>*4 betwe5 ea* o!r4 ,no look+ d[n1 nor lean+ back is to be all[$4 ,! lead] is to be direct$ to m>* /raight =w>d on "s di/ant object1 ! rema9d] ( ! m5 cov]+ correctly dur+ ! m>*4 ,on ! words ,halt1 ,left 7or ,"r7 ,turn1 ,squad1 ,halt1 ! soldi]s w halt1 & turn 9 ! requir$ ,left--,turn4 direction4 ,if ! m>*+ has be5 prop]ly p]=m$1 _! dress+ w be f\nd correct4 #b4 ,on ! m>*4--,on ! ^w ,turn1 ! ,"r--,turn4 soldi] w turn to ! "r1 & move on z 9 file4 ,on ! ^w ,left 7or ,"r7 ,turn1 ! ,left--,turn4 soldi] w turn 9 ! requir$ direction1 & !n move on 9 l9e4 #ca4 ,*ang+ direction z 9 file4 ,! squad1 :5 m>*+ z 9 file1 w be taught to *ange direction4 ,! lead+ man w move r\nd a qu>t] ( ! circumf]5ce ,"r--,:eel4 ( a circle hav+ a radius ( f\r feet4 ,! o!r m51 9 succession1 w foll[ on 8 foot/eps )\t increas+ or dim9i%+ _! di/ances f ea* o!r or alt]+ ! "t1 b %ort5+ ! pace a little ) ! inn] foot4 ,if a squad is ord]$ to halt1 m>k "t1 or /ep %ort1 :5 a "p ( ! m5 only h :eel$ into ! new direction1 ! rema9d] %\ld be in/ruct$ to cov] (f1 if requir$1 by ! diagonal m>*1 on ! comm&1 ,re> ,files--,cov]4 #cb4 ,m5 m>*+ z 9 file =m+ up into squad4 7,,plate ,i1 ,fig4 #c47 #a4 ,=m+ up into ,squad4--,:5 ! squad1 m>*+ z 9 file to ! left ,on ! or "r1 is ord]$ to =m up ei!r ,"r 7or to ! "r or left1 ! lead+ man ,left71 ,=m--,squad4 w m>k "t1 ! rema9d] w make a p>tial turn 9 ! nam$ direction & =m ^u him1 m>k+ "t z !y come into ! alignm5t1 & tak+ up _! dress+4 ,squad--,=w>d1 ,z soon z ! squad is =m$1 ! by ! ,left comm& ,=w>d w be giv54 7or ,"r74 #b4 ,if x is int5d$ to halt at ! place :]e ! movem5t is comm5c$1 ! caution ,at ! ,halt w be giv51 & ! lead+ man w halt in/ead ( m>k+ "t1 ! rema9d] do+ ! same z !y rea* _! places1 & tak+ up _! dress+4 #cc4 ,m>*+ ) arms4 ,squads ) arms w be practis$ 9 ! diff]5t m>*es1 & v>iations ( /ep1 describ$ 9 ! =ego+ sections4 ,dur+ ^! practices1 ! close/ att5tion mu/ be paid to ! position ( ea* individual recruit4 ,! dis5gag$ arm w be all[$ to sw+ naturally1 except :5 d\bl+ ) arms at ! slope1 :5 x w be b5t z 9 ! d\ble m>* ,s4 #ba4 ,:5 m5 p>ade ) arms !y w inv>iably fall 9 at ! ,ord]1 ea* man occupy+ #cj in*es1 & ,/& at ,ease4 ,com+ to ,att5tion4--,! squad1 :5 /&+ easy1 w /& at ease on ! caution ,squad1 & w come to att5tion & slope arms on ! comm& ,slope--,arms2 x w ord] arms f ! ,slope1 /& at ease1 & /& easy1 on ! comm& ,/&--,easy4 ,,squad ,,drill1 ,,9 ,,two ,,ranks4 #cd4 ,=mation ( a squad 9 two ranks4 ,! squad w n[ be =m$ = drill 9 two ranks4 ,! m5 w take _! places 9 succession1 comm5c+ f ! flank on :i* !y are ord]$ to =m1 & ea* occupy+ a space ( #cj in*es4 ,ea* man ( ! re> rank w be plac$ #fj in*es f ! man 9 front ( him1 measur+ f heel to heel1 & w cov] him correctly1 ! two m5 ?us plac$ =m+ a ,file4 ,! squad w be numb]$ f "r to left2 :5 x consi/s ( an unev5 numb] ( m51 ! ?ird man f ! left ( ! front rank w be a ,blank 7or incomplete7 ,file1 t is1 he w h no re> rank man4 ,if ! squad is requir$ to drill ) int]vals1 x w be numb]$ f ! "r1 & w !n receive ! comm& ,odd numb]s ( ! front rank two paces =w>d1 ev5 numb]s ( ! re> rank two paces /ep back--,m>*4 ,to re-=m ! squad1 on ! comm& ,re=m ,ranks--,m>*1 ! odd numb]s ( ! front rank w /ep back two paces1 & ! ev5 numb]s ( ! re> rank /ep =w>d two paces4 #ce4 ,dress+4 ,! front rank w dress z describ$ 9 ,s4 #be4 ,! re> rank m5 w cont9ue look+ to _! front1 & w cov] & correct _! di/ances1 z ! m5 ( ! front rank take up _! dress+4 #cf4 ,m>*+ 9 squad1 & 9 file4 ,a squad 9 two ranks w be practis$ 9 ! m>*es & v>iations ( /ep taught 9 s+le rank4 ,blank ,file4--,a blank file w always be ) ! lead+ rank4 ,he w move up into 8 place on ! words ,ab\t ,turn at ! halt1 or w /ep out to take 8 place 9 ! lead+ rank :5 ! squad is turn$ ab\t on ! m>*4 ,cov]+ & ,di/ance4--,:ile m>*+ 9 l9e1 ! m5 ( ! re> rank mu/ accurately pres]ve _! cov]+ & di/ance4 ,m>*+ 9 file4--,m>*+ & *ang+ direction 9 file w be practis$ z laid d[n 9 ,s4 #cj & ,s4 #ca1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! m5 9 ! re> rank dress correctly by ! m5 ( ! front rank4 #cg4 ,*ang+ ,ranks4 ,:5 a squad turns ab\t1 ! ranks are !reby *ang$1 i4e41 ! =m] re> rank becomes ! front rank1 ! =m] front rank ! re> rank4 ,! exception is :5 x is requir$ to fall back = a %ort di/ance only1 ) a view ( aga9 turn+ 9 ! orig9al direction4 ,! comm& ,ab\t--,turn is !n prec$$ by ! caution ,! ,squad w ,retire4 ,! squad w turn 9 ! orig9al direction on ! comm& ,! ,squad w ,advance1 ,ab\t--,turn4 #ch4 ,! ,diagonal ,m>*4 ,! diagonal m>* w be practis$ 9 two ranks1 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 ,s4 #bh4 ,9 addition to ! in/ructions !re giv51 ! m5 9 ! re> rank mu/ be caution$ to pres]ve _! relative positions ) ! m5 ( ! front rank1 9 ord] t !y may cov] correctly :5 !y are halt$ 9 l9e4 #ci4 ,*ang+ direction1 & =m+ up4 ,a squad w *ange direction or =m up accord+ to ! in/ructions laid d[n 9 ,s4 #bi & ,s4 #cb4 ,! re> rank w n turn on ! caution1 b 9 =m+ w con=m to ! movem5ts ( ! front rank4 #dj4 ,! =mation ( f\rs4 7,,plate ,,ii47 ,f\rs are ! ord9>y m>*+ =mation ( infantry1 & ! greate/ att5tion %\ld be paid to tra9+ ! recruit to keep ! prescrib$ di/ance f ! man 9 front4 ,ord]1 com=t1 & ! r$uction ( fatigue1 dep5d on ! ma9t5ance ( exact di/ance by ! sections ( f\rs4 ,te/ ( m>*+4--,! te/ ( m>*+ 9 f\rs is ! position ( ! m5 :5 !y turn into l9e4 ,if !re are no gaps or irregul>ities 9 ! l9e1 & ! squad occupies ! same frontage z be=e x =m$ f\rs1 ! m>*+ is good4 ,?is te/ %\ld be frequ5tly appli$ dur+ ! in/ruction ( recruits1 & ! slighte/ c>elessness z reg>ds ! ma9t5ance ( ! exact di/ance %\ld be *eck$ at once4 ,x mu/ be expla9$ to ! m5 t odd numb]s are "r files1 & ev5 numb]s left files4 ,9 ord] t ! left f\r may always be complete1 ! file on ! left ( a squad w inv>iably move back1 & ! second file f ! left always /& fa/ 9 =m+ f\rs4 #a4 ,:5 9 l9e at ! halt4--,on ! ^w ,f\rs1 ! left files w take a pace ( #cj in*es back1 & !n a side pace ( #cj in*es ,=m--,f\rs4 s z to cov] _! "r files1 ! fir/ pace be+ tak5 ) ! foot fur!/ f ! "r files4 ,9 ?is =mation ! squad w /& 9 f\rs4 ,on ! ^w ,two-deep ! left files w move to _! orig9al position 9 l9e by ,=m--,two-deep4 tak+ a side pace ( #cj in*es1 & a pace =w>d ( #cj in*es2 or if ! squad has be5 turn$ ab\t :ile 9 f\rs1 a side pace & a pace back4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,=mation ,,( ,,f\rs4 ,fig4 #a4 ,squad ) an ,odd ,file4 ,fig4 #b4 ,squad ) a ,blank ,odd ,file4 ,fig4 #c4 ,squad ) a ,blank ,ev5 ,file4 ,fig4 #d4 ,:5 ,squad is ,turn$ ab\t4 #b4 ,=m+ ,f\rs to ! ,"r 7or ,left74 ,=m--,f\rs4 ,z already describ$4 ,"r 7or ,! squad w turn z ord]$4 ,left74 ,left 7or ,! squad w turn z ord]$1 & !n =m ,"r7--,turn4 two-deep1 z already describ$4 ,if x is requir$ to rema9 9 f\rs1 ! ^w ( comm& w be ,9 ,f\rs4 ,left 7or ,"r7--,turn4 ,a squad mov+ to a flank 9 f\rs1 on receiv+ ! comm& ,"r 7or ,left7--,turn1 w turn 9 ! requir$ direction & =m two-deep )\t any fur!r ^w ( comm&4 ,on receiv+ an ord] to incl9e to ! "r or left1 ! squad w rema9 9 f\rs4 #c4 ,on ! m>*4--,a squad m>*+ 9 l9e1 or by ! diagonal m>*1 w be taught to =m f\rs precisely z :5 =m+ f ! halt2 ! "r files m>k+ "t two paces :il/ ! left files are mov+ to _! places4 ,%\ld ! ^w ,"r or ,left or ,"r or ,left ,incl9e foll[1 ! squad w turn 9 ! direction ord]$4 #d4 ,:5 9 file4--,f\rs w be =m$ by ! left files1 mov+ =w>d or back into _! position 9 ,f\rs1 "r files if on ! move m>k+ "t two paces4 #e4 ,:5 mov+ 9 f\rs1 ! squad may be turn$ 9 any direction1 diagonal or o!rwise4 #f4 ,:5 mov+ 9 f\rs1 ! squad may be ord]$ to =m two-deep2 on ! comm&1 ,=m--,two-deep1 ! left files w /ep up or fall back into _! places 9 two-deep =mation1 ! "r files m>k+ "t two paces4 #g4 ,:5 f l9e a squad is turn$ to ! "r or left 9 f\rs1 if to ! "r ! left w direct1 & if to ! left ! "r w direct )\t any fur!r ^w ( comm&1 & ea* section ( f\rs w dress by t flank4 #h4 ,a squad mov+ to a flank 9 f\rs by ! diagonal m>*1 w =m two-deep on be+ turn$ into l9e4 #da4 ,f\rs *ang+ direction1 & =m+ squad4 #a4 ,*ang+ direction4--,a squad mov+ 9 f\rs1 w *ange direction to ! "r1 9 ! same mann] z 9 file3 ea* f\r :eel+ successively r\nd ! same po9t z describ$ 9 ,s4 #ca4 ,if ! squad be ord]$ to halt1 or m>k "t1 :5 a "p ( ! f\rs only h :eel$1 ! rema9d] w be in/ruct$ to cov] (f1 if requir$1 by ! diagonal m>*1 on ! comm& ,re> f\rs--,cov]4 #b4 ,=m+ squad4--,:5 a squad mov+ 9 f\rs is ord]$ to =m squad ei!r on ! "r or left1 x w re-=m two-deep1 & !n proce$ z 9 ,s4 #cb1 ! m5 tak+ up _! prop] places z !y come up to ! alignm5t4 #db4 ,passage ( a ,defile4 ,if a squad 9 l9e has to pass a defile1 x w be =m$ into f\rs1 or turn$ into file1 ei!r to a flank or inw>ds1 & pass ! defile 9 ?is =mation1 l9e be+ re=m$ z soon z ! defile is pass$4 #dc4 ,ob/acles4 ,:5 a /ream1 dit*1 or bank is to be cross$ x w be g5]ally f\nd be/ to increase r ?an dim9i% ! front1 by caus+ ! m5 to gradually op5 out be=e !y arrive at ! ob/acle4 ,if an ob/acle su* z a tree or a bu% has to be pass$1 ! m5 conc]n$ w drop back1 cle> ! ob/acle1 & !n resume _! orig9al =mation4 #dd4 ,dismiss+ ) or )\t arms4 ,! squad w turn to ! "r1 & aft] a ,dis-miss4 pause1 break (f quietly1 & leave ! p>ade gr\nd ) slop$ arms4 ,,skirmi%+4 #de4 ,g5]al ,rules4 #a4 ,skirmi%+ implies ext5d$ ord]1 9 :i* ea* individual acts & ?9ks = himself1 & makes use ( all 8 p[]s1 m5tal & physical1 to atta9 a common object4 ,x is absolutely ess5tial1 !n1 t 9 ?is "p ( 8 tra9+1 ! intellig5ce ( ea* recruit %\ld be develop$ by e possible means1 & t a _s ( indep5d5t action1 subject to ! control & g5]al directions ( ! section & squad comm&]s1 %\ld be s$ul\sly enc\rag$4 #b4 ,ev5 aft] ! soldi] has acquir$ ! habit ( prompt ob$i5ce to ! ^w ( comm&1 & ( conc5trat+ 8 :ole att5tion on ! "w 9 h&1 & has le>nt to m>* & %oot1 he w1 not)/&+1 be insuffici5tly tra9$ = s]vice unless he c use 8 wits z well z 8 physical /r5g?1 & is a skilful1 active1 & res\rceful skirmi%]4 #c4 ,skirmi%+ is ! all important =mation 9 w>f>e aga9/ a well-arm$ enemy4 ,! in/ruction ( ! recruit 9 su* ex]cises mu/ !re=e1 be consid]$ z "o ( ! mo/ important portions ( 8 tra9+1 & %\ld receive v c>eful att5tion4 ,x %\ld comm5ce z soon z he is suffici5tly advanc$ to be able to c>ry out movem5ts 9 two ranks & to p]=m correctly ! v>i\s motions requir$ to fire ! rifle1 & %\ld be cont9u$ ?r\gh\t 8 tra9+4 #df4 ,c\rse ( ,tra9+4 ,! c\rse ( in/ruction ( ! recruit 9 skirmi%+ w be divid$ into two p>ts3-- 7i7 ,prelim9>y ,tra9+4--,?is1 :i* %\ld be z brief z possible1 may be c>ri$ out on level gr\nd2 x w include in/ruction 9 ! me?ods ( ext5d+ & clos+1 advanc+ & retir+1 :eel+ & *ang+ direction1 c41 & 9 ! use ( signals4 7ii7 ,practical ,skirmi%+4--,?is w take ! =m ( simple ex]cises1 su* z advanc+ or retir+1 c41 ov] brok5 gr\nd4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! recruit %\ld be individually in/ruct$ 9 ! use ( cov]1 ! elem5t>y lessons 9 ! application ( fire1 & ! practical me?ods ( c>ry+ out ! pr9ciples le>nt dur+ prelim9>y tra9+4 #dg4 ,prelim9>y ,tra9+4 #a4 ,9 ord] t ! recruit may be accu/om$ to use 8 intellig5ce & initiative f ! comm5cem5t ( 8 tra9+ z a skirmi%]1 x w be expla9$ to him t skirmi%+ is a tactical ex]cise & n a drill1 t ! object ( x is to tea* him ! practical me?ods ( advanc+ & retir+1 ! use ( cov]1 & ! application ( fire1 c42 & t me*anical precision 9 p]=m+ ! v>i\s movem5ts is n to be aim$ at4 #b4 ,a squad ( recruits ) arms w be =m$ up "u a capable in/ructor1 :o %\ld be a skilful skirmi%]2 he w tra9 ! individual recruit 9 ! me?od ( ext5d+1 c41 ,s4 #df 7i74 #c4 ,skirmi%]s w move 9 s+le rank at ! trail4 ,correct dress+ & keep+ /ep are to be disp5s$ )4 ,:5 halt$ ea* man w turn t[>ds ! direction ( ! suppos$ enemy1 & w ei!r lie d[n or w take up su* a position beh9d natural cov] z w af=d him suffici5t protection1 & enable him to use 8 rifle ) effect4 ,at prelim9>y tra9+ on ! p>ade gr\nd1 recruits may /& easy in/ead ( ly+ d[n :5 ! squad halts4 #d4 ,9 all skirmi%+ ex]cises ! in/ructor w po9t out ! position ( ! enemy1 & he w see t ! squad acts ?r\gh\t ) ref]5ce to t position4 #e4 ,al?\gh words ( comm& are giv5 = prelim9>y drill purposes1 x is to be di/9ctly und]/ood t 9 skirmi%+ all ord]s1 z f> z is possible1 are to be convey$ by signal4 ,dur+ ! prelim9>y tra9+ ! words ( comm& may be us$1 b !y are inv>iably to be prec$$ by ! :i/le s\nd1 & to be accompani$ by ! correspond+ signal1 ,s4 #di4 ,! in/ructor w ensure t e man looks to him on ! s\nd ( ! :i/le4 ,he w give nei!r comm& nor signal until !y d s1 z x is ( great importance t 9 ! field all %\ld at once look to ! comm&] on ! :i/le s\nd+4 #dh4 ,me?od ( ,ext5d+ & ,clos+1 c4 #a4 ,ext5d+ f l9e4--,on ! comm& ,to ---- paces--,ext5d1 if on ! move1 ! front rank man ( ! c5tre file w cont9ue to advance1 ! rema9+ files w turn outw>ds & w ext5d at ! d\ble1 ea* man break+ into quick "t & advanc+ 9 ! orig9al direction on rea*+ 8 position4 ,! re> rank m5 w =m on ! left ( _! front rank m54 ,arms w be c>ri$ at ! %ort trail until !re is suffici5t room to trail4 ,if x is desir$ to ext5d to "o flank1 ! comm& ,to ! ,"r 7or ,left7 w prec$e ! above comm&1 :5 ! ext5sion w be p]=m$ on ! same pr9ciple z f ! c5tre4 ,if ! squad is halt$1 ! ext5sion w be c>ri$ out by ! front rank man ( ! c5tre or flank file ly+ d[n1 :il/ ! rema9d] w turn 9 ! requir$ direction & ext5d z above 9 d\ble "t1 ea* man halt+ & ly+ d[n z soon z he has got 8 ext5sion4 7,:5 on ! b>rack squ>e recruits may be p]mitt$ to /& at ease in/ead ( ly+ d[n47 ,note4--,! c5tre file ( ! squad %\ld be indicat$ by ! in/ructor4 #b4 ,ext5d+ f column ( f\rs4--,on ! comm& ,to ! ,"r 7or ,left7 to ---- paces--,ext5d1 ! :ole w =m two deep4 ,if ! ext5sion is to ! "r1 ! left man ( ! lead+ file w cont9ue to advance1 ! o!r man ( ! file ext5d+1 :il/ ! rema9d] w make a p>tial turn 9 ! requir$ direction1 & w d\ble into _! position1 break+ into quick "t1 & cont9u+ ! advance 9 ! orig9al direction z soon z !y h done s4 ,if ! ext5sion is to ! "r1 ! left man ( ea* file w =m on ! left ( ! o!r man ( ! same file1 & vice v]s4 ,if1 :5 work+ ) two squads1 x is desir$ to ext5d outw>ds1 "o squad %\ld be ord]$ to ext5d to ! "r & ! o!r to ! left4 #c4 ,%\ld x be requir$ to =m 9 a direction obliquely to ! l9e ( advance1 ! comm& ,half 7or ,qu>t]71 ,"r 7or ,left7 w prec$e ! comm& 9 #a or #b4 #d4 ,if x is desir$ to increase or decrease ! ext5sion1 ! comm& w be ,to ---- paces--,ext5d 7or ,close71 :5 ! m5 w ext5d or close on ! c5tre1 unless "o flank is nam$4 #e4 ,skirmi%]s w be practis$ 9 incl9+ & 9 *ang+ direction4 ,! *ange ( direction %\ld be c>ri$ out )\t *eck+ ! pace1 skirmi%]s ga9+ _! position at ! d\ble4 #f4 ,9 all movem5ts 9 ext5d$ ord] ! c5tre w direct unless o!rwise ord]$2 ! po9t on :i* ! c5tre man is to move %\ld be cle>ly po9t$ out4 #g4 ,on ! comm&1 or signal1 ,close1 squads w close 9 quick "t on _! c5tre file1 :i* w halt1 if ! squad is n already halt$4 ,! m5 ( ! orig9al re> rank =m+ up 9 re> ( _! orig9al front rank m51 ea* man halt+ & /&+ at ease z he resumes 8 position 9 l9e4 #di4 ,signals & ,:i/le ,bla/s & ,w> ,calls4 #a4 ,all movem5ts ( skirmi%]s w be controll$ by ! :i/le & signal1 = :i* purpose ! foll[+ :i/le bla/s & signals h be5 adopt$3-- #b4 ,! :i/le w be us$-- 7a7 ,to draw att5tion to a signal ab\t to be made--8a %ort bla/40 7b7 ,to d5ote 8,cease fire0--8a long drawn out bla/40 7c7 ,to d5ote 8,rally10 9 wood1 bu%1 fog or d>kness1 :5 ! signal _c be se5--8a succession ( %ort bla/s40 7d7 ,to d5ote 8,al>m0--8a succession ( alt]nate long & %ort bla/s40 #c4 ,on a %ort bla/ be+ bl[n on ! :i/le1 skirmi%]s w turn t[>ds _! comm&] & w rema9 look+ at him until he gives ! executive signal4 ,,signal4 ,,to ,,indicate ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- 7a7 ,arm swung f re> to front bel[ ! 8,advance0 or %\ld] 8,=w>d40 7b7 ,arm circl$ above ! head 8,retire40 7c7 ,h& rais$ 9 l9e ) ! %\ld]1 8,quick "t40 elb[ b5t 7d7 ,cl5*$ h& mov$ up & d[n betwe5 8,d\ble40 ?igh & %\ld] 7e7 ,arm rais$ at full ext5t above ! head 8,halt40 7f7 ,body or horse turn$ 9 ! requir$ 8,incl9e40 direction & arm ext5d$ 9 l9e ) ! %\ld] 7g7 ,circul> movem5t ( ! ext5d$ arm 9 8,:eel40 l9e ) ! %\ld] 9 ! requir$ direction 7h7 ,two or ?ree slight movem5ts ( ! op5 8,lie d[n40 h& t[>ds ! gr\nd 7i7 ,arm at full ext5t ov] head & wav$ a 8,ext5d40#b few times sl[ly f side to side1 ! h& to be op5 & to come d[n z l[ z ! hips on bo? sides ( ! body#c 7k7 ,h& plac$ on ! top ( ! head1 ! 8,close40 elb[ to be squ>e to ! "r or left1 accord+ to :i* h& is us$#d 7l7 ,arm swung f re> to front above ! 8,re9=ce40 %\ld] 7m7 ,weapon held up above1 & z if gu>d+ 8,enemy 9 ! head sight 9 small numb]s40 7n7 ,z 9 7m71 b weapon rais$ & l[]$ 8,enemy 9 frequ5tly sight 9 l>ge numb]s40 7o7 ,weapon held up at full ext5t ( arm1 8,no enemy 9 po9t1 or muzzle1 upp]mo/ sight40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #d4 ,w> bugle calls4--,*>ge4 ,al>m4 ,no o!r calls are to be us$4 ,= ! ,cease ,fire ! :i/le only is to be us$4 #ej4 ,practical ,skirmi%+4 #a4 ,z soon z ! prelim9>y tra9+ is complet$1 ! practical application ( ! pr9ciples inculcat$ w be taught on brok5 gr\nd4 ,)\t con/ant practice ov] undulat+1 wood$1 hilly1 m\nta9\s1 or rocky c\ntry1 m5 c nev] become effici5t skirmi%]s4 #b4 ,skirmi%]s mu/ always be on ! al]t = ! appe>ance ( ! enemy1 z well z = ord]s1 :i/le1 or signal4 ,to ?is end1 !re=e1 sil5ce & att5tion mu/ be z /rictly ma9ta9$ z 9 close ord]1 & al?\gh uni=mity ( action is n to be dem&$1 ea* man %\ld move ) ! utmo/ sm>tness & alacrity4 #c4 ,nei!r on ! move nor at ! halt ne$ a regul> l9e be pres]v$1 nor %\ld too mu* att5tion be paid to exact ma9t5ance ( int]vals betwe5 m54 #d4 ,frequ5t opportunities w be tak5 ( impress+ on ! recruit t troops are =m$ z skirmi%]s 9 ord] t !y may n pres5t a fav\rable t>get to ! enemy's fire1 & may be enabl$ to take full advantage ( cov]4 #e4 ,advances may be made by ru%es1 at ! d\ble1 9 quick "t1 or ev5 by crawl+1 b ! pace & me?od w dep5d on :e!r ! skirmi%+ l9e is "u cov] or n1 on ! volume ( ! fire to :i* !y are suppos$ to be expos$1 & on ! di/ance f ! enemy4 #f4 ,ord]s are to be convey$ ei!r by signal1 ,s4 #di1 or else pass$ along ! l9e ( skirmi%]s1 ,s4 #ed4 #ea4 ,cov]4 #a4 ,! p>am\nt importance ( concealm5t mu/ be impress$ on all ranks4 ,anyone %[+ himself may betray ! fact t a position is occupi$2 or t an outflank+ movem5t is 9 progress4 ,(fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s mu/ be c>eful to set an example 9 ?is respect1 & see t x is foll[$ by ! m54 #b4 ,! recruit %\ld be tra9$ to look = a cov]$ l9e ( advance1 & to select su* halt+ places z w %elt] him f ! view & fire ( ! enemy4 ,he %\ld move z ne>ly z possible 9 a direct l9e =w>d1 s z n to mask ! fire ( 8 comrades4 #c4 ,cov] to be effici5t mu/ fulfil ! foll[+ conditions3-- 7i7 ,af=d a good view ( ! gr\nd to ! front4 7,if ! soldi] is to %oot ) effect he mu/ nev] lose sight ( ! t>get47 7ii7 ,p]mit ! free use ( ! rifle4 7iii7 ,give concealm5t to ! fir]4 7iv7 ,provide protection aga9/ ! enemy's fire4 #d4 ,x is m advantage\s to fire f ! side ( cov] ?an ov] x1 = ?\gh ! exposure is 9 bo? cases practically id5tical1 a soldi] :5 fir+ ov] cov] is m visible ?an :5 fir+ r\nd x1 & !re=e (f]s a bett] m>k = ! enemy's aim2 9 addition1 8 movem5ts :5 prep>+ to d s are m likely to cat* ! eye4 ,on ! o!r h&1 bett] view & comm& ( gr\nd are obta9$ :5 fir+ ov] cov]4 #e4 ,cov] gives protection 9 proportion to ! clos5ess ) :i* ! soldi]'s body is br\ght to x4 ,bullets :i* j pass ov] ! top ( cov]1 p>ticul>ly if _! angle ( desc5t is abrupt1 se>* gr\nd )9 a v few feet4 #f4 ,:5ev] possible1 fire %\ld be deliv]$ f ! l[e/ "p ( ! "r side ( any ob/acle4 ,= example1 ! soldi] %\ld lie d[n at ! foot ( a tree & fire to ! "r ( x2 or :5 beh9d a b\ld]1 he %\ld fire r\nd ! l[] edge ( x1 & n ov] ! top4 ,m5 mu/ necess>ily fire ov] a cont9u\s wall1 bank1 dit*1 high grass1 crops1 or simil> features4 ,9 ?is case1 until ! rifle is br\ght to ! fir+ position only ! portion ( ! head f ! eyes upw>ds %\ld be visible above ! cov]4 #g4 ,:5 tea*+ ! use ( cov]1 ! in/ructor w expla9 t ! fir/ pr9ciple is s to adapt ! position to x t ! rifle c be fir$ ) ! m9imum ( exposure4 ,he w !n /ate ! advantages & disadvantages ( v>i\s k9ds ( cov]1 & w po9t out t a fir] beh9d a rock or /one wall may be w\nd$ by spl9t]s2 t a c]ta9 ?ickness ( e>? or brick is necess>y to resi/ a bullet2 t a tree af=ds only mod]ate protection2 t an isolat$ tree1 bu% or h$g][ %\ld be avoid$ z x w probably draw fire2 t ev5 ! smalle/ fold ( gr\nd gives cov] f view & protection f fire1 c4 ,f9ally1 he w1 s f> z cov] is available1 practically %[ h[ ea* c be/ be utilis$4 ,! m5 w obs]ve 8 position bo? f beh9d & f ! front1 & ! in/ructor w emphasise ! dang] ( undue exposure4 ,ea* man w !n be direct$ to take cov]1 & 8 actions & position criticis$ by ! in/ructor f ! enemy's po9t ( view z well z f beh9d4 #h4 ,if a skirmi%] f9ds t !re is no cov] ne> 8 l9e ( advance1 or t ! cov] :i* exi/s is already occupi$1 he mu/ ?r[ himself d[n 9 ! op51 & lie z flat z possible4 #i4 ,skirmi%]s mu/ nev] expose !mselves on ! sky-l9e1 or aga9/ a backgr\nd :i* w\ld %[ !m up2 !y mu/ nev] 9 any circum/ances cr[d toge!r4 #aj4 ,x w be f\nd ( great value dur+ in/ruction to make ea* individual man skirmi% indep5d5tly ov] a piece ( unkn[n gr\nd aga9/ ! re/ ( ! squad1 & to invite _! criticism on 8 action4 #aa4 ,9 tra9+ skirmi%]s x is by no means suffici5t to po9t out mi/akes1 b1 9 e case1 ! correct me?od ( action1 & ! reasons = x1 %\ld be c>efully & pati5tly expla9$1 & ! ex]cise repeat$4 #eb4 ,blank ,ammunition4 ,blank ammunition %\ld occasionally be us$1 & ! enemy %\ld be repres5t$ by ei!r ano!r squad1 or a few m52 light canvas1 pap]1 or wood5 t>gets1 9 ! =m ( m5 kneel+1 cavalry1 a gun1 c41 c42 or a l9e ( old helmets or khaki hats4 #ec4 ,fire ,effect4 #a4 ,9 skirmi%+ ! unit ( fire w usually be ! section or squad4 #b4 ,! squad lead] w be c>eful t no man :o _c see ! m>k fires4 #c4 ,! in/ructor %\ld con/antly inspect ! recruits :5 fir+ f beh9d cov]1 direct !m to correct _! positions1 & make c]ta9 t !y recognise ! t>get at :i* !y h be5 ord]$ to aim4 ,x w be expla9$ to ! recruits t-- 7i7 ,fire is only effective :5 ! m>k c be se51 & :5 x is /eadily deliv]$4 7ii7 ,x is useless to fire m]ely = ! sake ( fir+1 :5 no enemy is visible1 & 8 position is unkn[n4 7iii7 ,battles are won ma9ly by ! accurate fire ( individuals at decisive range4 ,long range fire %\ld r>ely be op5$ )\t special directions f a sup]ior2 9 ! abs5ce ( ord]s1 h[ev]1 x may be direct$ aga9/ l>ge bodies1 su* z half a battalion 9 close ord]4 7iv7 ,9 crises1 & aga9/ l>ge & conspicu\s t>gets1 fire %\ld be z rapid z is compatible ) accuracy1 9 ord] t z great loss may be inflict$ z possible4 ,9 ord9>y circum/ances fire %\ld be sl[4 7v7 ,! moral & mat]ial effect ( conc5trat$ fire1 :5 e rifle is direct$ aga9/ "o portion ( ! enemy's l9e1 is f> great] ?an :5 ea* man fires at a m>k ( 8 own selection4 7vi7 ,oblique fire 7t is fire deliv]$ at an angle to ! ho/ile l9e7 w give bett] results ?an frontal1 because ! surface expos$ by ! enemy w be great]4 7vii7 ,enfilade fire 7t is1 fire direct$ along ! enemy's l9e7 w be m effective ?an frontal1 because errors 9 e/imation ( range %\ld be ( less importance1 & its moral effect is great]4 7viii7 ,! sure/ way ( *eck+ ! enemy's advance1 or br++ ab\t 8 retirem5t1 is to %oot d[n 8 lead]s4 7ix7 ,great results may be obta9$ f fire deliv]$ unexpect$ly at %ort range1 & m5 %\ld always be on ! wat* = opportunities ( ?is nature4 7x7 ,well conceal$1 a few bold m51 ext5d$ at wide int]vals1 c1 by rapid fire1 deceive ! enemy z to ! /r5g? ( ! =ce by :i* he is oppos$1 may delay him = a consid]able "t1 & be=e )draw+ inflict s]i\s loss4 #ed4 ,report+ & pass+ ,ord]s4 ,skirmi%]s %\ld be taught to report to _! lead]s any?+ !y may obs]ve ( ! dispositions ( _! enemy1 to call _! att5tion to all signals & to ! movem5ts ( o!r units1 & to pass ord]s1 messages or in=mation along ! l9e 9 a cle> & intelligible mann]1 )\t %\t+4 #ee4 ,int]vals4 ,! int]vals betwe5 skirmi%]s dep5d on ! nature ( ! gr\nd1 & on ! "* ( ! op]ation1 & on ! volume ( fire x is s\ght to br+ to be> on ! enemy4 ,!y may v>y consid]ably2 b x %\ld be cle>ly recognis$ t ov]-ext5sion results 9 loss ( control1 & 9 dim9i%+ ! volume ( fire4 ,9 close c\ntry & woods1 & :5ev] c\nt]-attack is probable1 ov]-ext5sion is v dang]\s4 ,x is ess5tial1 !re=e1 be=e ext5d+1 t ! l5g? ( front to be occupi$ %\ld be c>efully consid]$2 & ! comm&] ( a p>ty ( skirmi%]s mu/ always be able to give a reason = ! int]val at :i* 8 m5 are ext5d$4 #ef4 ,re9=c+4 ,x is inevitable 9 ! heat ( battle t battalions1 companies1 sections1 & ev5 squads w become mix$ up4 ,x is ( v great importance to accu/om ! m5 to su* conditions1 & to make !m und]/& t if !y use _! intellig5ce & _! eyes1 confusion may be readily r$uc$ to ord]4 ,! squad %\ld be practis$ 9 re9=c+ to ! front4 ,= ?is purpose two squads may be ext5d$ 9 two l9es4 ,on ! ^w or signal ,re9=ce1 ! re> squad w advance z direct$ by ! comm&]1 & w c>ry =w>d ! lead+ l9e ( skirmi%]s1 ! int]vals ( :i* x w occupy1 no reg>d be+ paid to ! ord] 9 :i* ! m5 may place !mselves4 ,b great att5tion %\ld be paid to ! foll[+3-- 7i7 ,! m51 :e!r !y receive ord]s or n1 %\ld at once look = ! ne>e/ squad comm&]1 & place !mselves "u 8 control4 7ii7 ,skirmi%]s %\ld be ord]$ to re-organise :5 ! cov] is s good z to af=d a fav\rable opportunity1 & ! m5 %\ld always be on ! look out = su* *ances to rejo9 _! squads4 7iii7 ,troops :o are be+ re9=c$ %\ld be c>eful to cov] ! advance ( ! re9=cem5ts by direct+ a rapid fire on ! enemy's position4 ,squads %\ld also be practis$ 9 re9=c+ on ei!r flank4 ,on ! ^w or signal ,re9=ce ! squad 9 re> w advance z direct$ by its comm&]1 & prolong ! lead+ l9e to ! "r or left4 #eg4 ,assembly aft] ,disp]sal4 ,! squad w be disp]s$1 & ! m5 taught to assemble on _! comm&] on ! comm& ,assemble1 =m+ at ! d\ble 9 two ranks 9 _! orig9al position on 8 "r4 #eh4 ,inspection ( ,skirmi%]s4 ,9 te/+ ! effici5cy ( a section ( skirmi%]s1 (fic]s w c>efully avoid a /]eotyp$ cate*ism4 ,"q & answ] 9 ! exact words ( ! manual result 9 a m]e p>rot-l k1 ( no value 9 ! field4 ,skirmi%]s %\ld be que/ion$ dur+ a s]ies ( ex]cises on brok5 gr\nd1 & _! replies %\ld ei!r be 9 ! =m ( practical illu/rations2 = example1 occupation ( cov]1 approa* ( a position1 cross+ a sky-l9e1 c41 c42 or ( explanations z to h[ !y w\ld act1 or :at !y w\ld report1 9 circum/ances t might arise out ( ! ex]cise 9 progress4 ,fur!rmore1 9 attack & def5ce1 9 ord] to prev5t ! inspection becom+ a repetition ( op]ations already rehe>s$1 ! (fic] w direct :]e ! t>gets are to be plac$1 or give in/ructions to ! m5 repres5t+ ! enemy2 & 9 all ex]cises--attack1 reconnaissance1 retirem5t1 or def5ce--he w set ! task = ! squad to c>ry out4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,! ,,company4 #ei4 ,,prelim9>y ,,rem>ks4 #a4 ,! ,recruit4--,:5 ! recruit has be5 ?or\ghly in/ruct$ 9 ! elem5ts ( drill & skirmi%+1 he w take 8 place 9 ! ranks ( 8 company4 #b4 ,! ,company z ! ,s*ool ( ,in/ruction4--,! company1 f its size & organisation1 is ! be/ s*ool ( in/ruction 9 all field duties1 & 9 x bo? (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s w be tra9$ to accept responsibility1 & to use initiative ) judgm5t4 ,x is ! l>ge/ unit t c be directly controll$ "u fire by "o man1 & is ! mo/ important l9k 9 ! *a9 ( co-op]ation 9 battle4 ,! tra9+ ( ! company ex]ts an influ5ce on ! effici5cy ( infantry on s]vice :i* x is impossible to ov]rate2 x is to be c>ri$ out by its own (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s1 )\t undue int]f]5ce on ! "p ( _! sup]iors4 ,! battalion comm&] is responsible t ! company comm&]s are ?or\ghly in/ruct$1 & he sup]vises1 b %\ld n lay d[n1 ! me?ods :i* !y employ to tra9 _! companies4 ,! company comm&]s1 assi/$ by _! subalt]ns & non-commission$ (fic]s1 are directly responsible = ! effici5cy ( ! rank & file1 & _! advancem5t 9 ! s]vice w dep5d on _! success4 #c4 ,organisation ( ! ,company4--,a company is p]man5tly divid$ into two half-companies1 ! "r & left1 ea* "u a subalt]n1 :5 available4 ,ea* half-company is p]man5tly divid$ into two sections1 ea* "u a non-commission$ (fic]4 ,!y w be numb]$ f "o to f\r4 ,a section is p]man5tly divid$ into two squads1 ea* "u a non-commission$ (fic] or select$ private4 ,!y w be numb]$ f "o to eight4 ,?is organisation w be ma9ta9$ bo? 9 b>racks & 9 ! field4 ,! m5 w ?us acquire ! _s ( true comrade%ip1 & le>n to repose confid5ce 9 ea* o!r2 :ile ! non-commission$ (fic]s w be accu/om$ to comm&1 & to act :5 necess>y on _! own judgm5t4 ,by su* means ! fight+ value ( ! company w be fully develop$2 & its prop] direction & comm& "u ho/ile fire1 :5 sup]ior control becomes impossible1 be ma9ta9$4 #d4 ,duty ( ,(fic] ,comm&+ a ,battalion4--,x is ! duty ( ! comm&+ (fic] to see t all ranks are ?or\ghly tra9$ 9 field duties1 t co-op]ation 9 action is ensur$1 & t ! self-reliance & good-w ( (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s is s c>efully cultivat$ z to r5d] !m zeal\s & intellig5t assi/ants1 9 peace z well z on s]vice1 & n m]e passive executants ( def9ite ord]s4 ,?is c only be accompli%$ by giv+ ! company comm&]s a free h&1 & ample opportunities ( ex]cis+ _! m54 ,9 o!r words ! battalion comm&] does n lead 9 ! field "o unit4 ,8 duty is to direct & sup]vise ! action ( eight indep5d5t tactical units4 #e4 ,object ( ,company ,drill4--,! object ( company drill is3--,fir/1 to enable ! company1 :5 x takes its place 9 ! battalion1 to c>ry out any movem5t or =mation ! comm&+ (fic] may prescribe1 :e!r laid d[n 9 ?is manual1 or improvis$ to meet ! circum/ances ( ! mom5t1 )\t hesitation or confusion4 ,second1 to r5d] ! company capable ( indep5d5t action :5 deta*$ f ! battalion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,positions ,,( ,,comm&]s1 ,,etc41 ,,9 ,a ,,company4 ,fig4 #a4 ,9 ,l9e4 ,fig4 #b4 ,9 ,column ( ,half ,companies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,positions ,,( ,,comm&]s1 ,,etc41 ,,9 ,,company ,,column4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4 ,a ,,company ,,fall5 ,,9 ,,= ,,inspection ,,by ,,its ,,comm&]4 ,,drill4 #fj4 ,g5]al ,rules4 #a4 ,! company may be =m$ z foll[s3-- 7i7 ,9 l9e1 ,plate ,,iii1 ,fig4 #a4 7ii7 ,9 company column 7i4e41 column ( sections71 ,plate ,,iv4 7iii7 ,9 column ( half-companies1 ,plate ,,iii1 ,fig4 #b4 7iv7 ,9 column ( f\rs4 ,company column is ! normal =mation = a company :5 act+ alone or at an int]val f o!r companies4 ,=mation into & f column ( half-companies is c>ri$ out 9 ! same mann] z into & f company column1 ! words column ( half-companies be+ sub/itut$ = company column4 ,9 l9e ! left squad comm&] ( ! half-company on ! "r is ! c5tre ( ! company4 #b4 ,position & duties ( ! lead]s4 7i7 ,! company comm&]4--,:5 ! company is act+ alone or at an int]val f o!r companies1 ! company comm&] w place himself :]e he c be/ ex]cise sup]vision4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ! company comm&]1 8 place w be tak5 by ! next 9 rank2 a simil> rule w be foll[$ )9 ! half-company1 section1 & squad4 7ii7 ,! subalt]ns4--,:5 ! company is 9 l9e1 ea* half-company comm&] w1 z a rule1 be ?ree paces 9 re> ( ! c5tre ( 8 half-company4 7,plate ,,iii1 ,fig4 #a47 ,:5 9 column ( half-companies he w be ?ree paces 9 front ( ! c5tre ( 8 half company4 7,plate ,,iii1 ,fig4 #b47 ,:5 9 column ( f\rs he w reta9 8 position z 9 l9e4 ,:5 9 company column he w1 z a rule1 be two paces f ! c5tre ( 8 half-company on ! direct+ flank4 7,plate ,,iv47 7iii7 ,section comm&]s w be two paces 9 front ( ! c5tre ( _! sections 9 company column2 9 all o!r =mations !y w reta9 ! positions %[n 9 ,plate ,,iii1 ,fig4 #a4 ,squad comm&]s w be on ! flanks ( _! squads z %[n 9 ,plate ,,iii1 ,fig4 #a4 ,! drumm]s w be two paces 9 re> ( ! fir/ & sev5? squads respectively unless ! company is act+ indep5d5tly1 :5 "o drumm] always goes ) ! company comm&]2 ! pione] w be two paces 9 re> ( ! fif? squad4 ,! signall]s w be two paces 9 re> ( ! second1 f\r?1 six? & eigh? squads4 ,9 f\rs or file1 ! squad comm&]s w be on ! direct+ flank ( ! lead+ & re> f\rs or files ( _! section4 ,! rema9+ sup]num]>ies w reta9 _! places4 ,sup]-num]>ies w con=m to all ord]s giv5 to ! company z reg>ds ! c>ry+ ( _! arms1 ) ! exception t !y fix bayonets only :5 escort+ ! col\rs1 or :5 ! m5 fix bayonets = attack or def5ce1 & ord] arms :5 ! m5 fire 9 close ord]4 ,squad comm&]s w con=m to ! movem5ts ( ! m54 ,no *ange 9 ! comm& ( sections or squads w take place except by ! direct ord] ( ! capta94 #c4 ,*anges ( =mation c usually be c>ri$ out3-- 7i7 ,f ! halt1 halt+ on completion ( ! movem5t4 7ii7 ,on ! move1 halt+ on completion ( ! movem5t4 7iii7 ,f ! halt1 mov+ =w>d on completion ( ! movem5t4 7iv7 ,on ! move1 mov+ =w>d on completion ( ! movem5t4 ,! pr9ciple is ! same 9 all cases1 b ! words ( comm& diff] slightly4 ,:5 movem5ts are to be p]=m$ z 9 7i7 & 7ii71 ! comm& w be prec$$ by ! caution ,,at ,,! ,,halt1 unless ! section ( =mation /&s fa/ z 9 ,section #fd 7i74 ,z soon z movem5ts z 9 7iii7 & 7iv7 are complet$1 ! comm& ,,=w>d w be giv54 ,9 ! foll[+ detail ! cautions & comm&s are giv5 only = ! movem5ts 9 ! =m 9 :i* !y are g5]ally us$1 b ?is does n preclude ! use ( ! o!r =ms detail$ 9 7i7 7ii7 7iii7 & 7iv7 :5 applicable4 #d4 ,movem5ts w be c>ri$ out 9 quick "t unless ord]$ at ! d\ble1 9 :i* case ! comm& ,,d\ble--,,m>* w be us$ in/ead ( ,,quick--,,m>*4 #e4 ,! comm&] ( ! company gives ! executive comm& :5 ! :ole company1 or ! :ole company except ! section ( =mation1 is requir$ to act2 :5 sections act indep5d5tly !y receive ! executive comm&s f _! own comm&]s4 #f4 ,all movem5ts & =mations 9 f\rs c also be p]=m$ 9 file4 #g4 ,a company %\ld be frequ5tly ex]cis$ 9 close ord] ov] hilly1 wood$1 & brok5 gr\nd1 & %\ld be con/antly turn$ ab\t1 9 ord] t e man may be equally compet5t to act 9 ei!r rank4 #h4 ,be=e any movem5t 9 close ord] is c>ri$ out1 arms w be slop$ by ^w ( comm&4#e ,arms w be reta9$ at ! slope until ! comm& ,ord] ,arms1 ,/& at ,ease1 or ,/& ,easy is giv54 #i4 ,great pa9s mu/ be tak5 to accu/om ! m5 to rem$y quickly1 ( _! own accord1 any d]angem5t 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y fell 9 on p>ade4 ,sections w n be re-numb]$ :5 a *ange ( =mation alt]s _! relative position4 #aj4 ,squad comm&]s1 m>*+ on ! direct+ flanks ( half-companies1 or sections1 mu/ always cov] ea* o!r2 !y are responsible t ! correct di/ance is ma9ta9$4 ,:5 ! column is =m$ at ! halt1 !y %\ld take up _! cov]+ imm$iately ! ^w ,halt is giv54 #aa4 ,except at c]emonial drill1 ! m5 w take up _! own dress+ 9 all =mations4 #ab4 ,unless o!rwise ord]$1 m5 mov+ to ! "r 9 f\rs or file w m>* by ! left1 & :5 mov+ to ! left1 by ! "r4 ,a company column or column ( half-companies w dress & m>* by ! left unless o!rwise ord]$4 ,9 all o!r =mations ! flank by :i* m5 are to dress & m>* w be nam$4 #ac4 ,! cautions & words ( comm& pr9t$ 9 ,,capitals are giv5 by ! company comm&]1 ^? 9 italics by ! subord9ate lead]s4 #fa4 ,inspection & tell+-(f4 ,! company w fall 9 by ! left = inspection on its private p>ade gr\nd z 9 ,plate ,v4 ,! company comm&] w give ! ord] ,,tell ,,(f ,,by ,,sections1 :5 ! section comm&]s w numb] (f _! comm&s f ! lead+ section4 ,on ! comm& ,,tell ,,(f ,,by ,,squads1 ! squad comm&]s w numb] (f _! squads consecutively f ,no4 #a1 ! "r squad ( ! lead+ section1 to ,no4 #h1 ! left squad ( ! re> section4 ,,fix--,,bayonets4 ,! inspect+ (fic] w pass d[n ! ranks to see t ! appo9tm5ts1 clo?+1 c41 are clean1 & 9 good ord]4 ,,unfix--,,bayonets4 ,,= ,,inspection4 ,,port--,,arms4 ,! (fic] w inspect ! bree* action1 & "h & !re exam9e a b>rel by look+ d[n x1 ! m5 act+ z laid d[n 9 ! ,rifle ,ex]cises1#f ,s4 #ab4 ,on ! completion ( ! inspection ! "r squad comm&]s w close _! squads on to ! left squads4 ,! company w !n be prov$ z foll[s3-- ,,by ,,sections--,,numb]4 ,,=m--,,f\rs4 ,,=m--,,two-,,deep4 ,! company w be turn$ ab\t & prov$ z above4 ,:5 prov$1 x w be aga9 turn$ ab\t4 ,if ! company is to drill 9 battalion x w !n be m>*$ to ! battalion place ( assembly4 #fb4 ,! =mation ( f\rs4 ,9 =m+ f\rs1 ! m5 w move z 9 ,squad ,drill1 ,s4 #dj4 ,on ! ^w ,,"r 7or ,,left7 ! subalt]ns & sup]num]>ies w turn 9 ! requir$ direction1 & ! squad comm&]s w place !mselves on ! direct+ flank on ! lead+ & re> sections ( f\rs ( _! sections4 #fc4 ,*ang+ ranks4 ,:5 ! company turns ab\t ! ranks are !reby *ang$1 z 9 ,squad ,drill1 ,s4 #cg1 b sections are n to be retold (f4 ,! comm&] w ga9 8 position by mov+ r\nd ! out] flank4 ,sup]-num]>ies w con=m1 pass+ ?r\gh ! ranks by ! out] flanks ( _! sections1 ! squad comm&]s mak+ way by plac+ !mselves betwe5 ! m5 ( ! files on _! "r & left2 at ! halt ?is w be done by tak+ a pace to ! re> & a pace outw>ds2 if on ! m>* by *eck+ ! pace slightly & tak+ a pace outw>ds4 ,ranks w n be *ang$1 :5 x is requir$ to fall back = a %ort di/ance only1 ) a view ( turn+ aga9 9 ! orig9al direction2 9 ?is case ! ord] ,,ab\t ,,turn w be prec$$ by ! caution1 ,,! ,,company ,,w ,,retire1 & ! comm&]s & sup]num]>ies reta9 _! positions4 ,to turn 9 ! orig9al direction ! comm& w be1 ,,! ,,company ,,w ,,advance1 ,,ab\t ,,turn4 #fd4 ,a company column =m+ into l9e4 #a4 ,:5 x is requir$ to increase ! frontage f company column to company 9 l9e1 ! caution1 if ! column is halt$1 w be ,,on ,,! ,,left 7or ,,"r71 ,,=m ,,company2 on ! comm& ,,rema9d] ,,left 7or ,,"r7 ,,incl9e1 ,,quick--,,m>*1 ! lead+ section w /& fa/1 ! sections 9 re> w move into l9e ) ! lead+ section 9 quick "t1 be+ incl9$ to ! "r 7or left71 & halt$ by _! section comm&]s :5 9 l9e ) ! lead+ section4 ,if on ! m>*1 unless ! caution ,,at ,,! ,,halt is giv51 ! sections 9 re> w be ord]$ by ! company comm&] to move up 9 d\ble "t1 & w be successively ord]$ to incl9e to ! "r 7or left71 & to quick m>* by _! section comm&]s on rea*+ _! position 9 company4 #b4 ,a company column may =m l9e to a flank on ! company comm&]'s comm& ,,sections ,,"r 7or ,,left7 ,,=m1 ,,quick--,,m>*1 :5 ! m5 w act z 9 ,squad ,drill1 ,s4 #bi 7#c72 ?is w be foll[$ by ! comm& ,,=w>d1 ,,by ,,! ,,"r 7or ,,left71 z soon z ! =mation is complete4 #c4 ,a company column mov+ 9 f\rs may =m column ( f\rs on ! "r or left section4 ,on ! company comm&]'s comm& ,,"r 7or ,,left7 ,,section ,,to ,,! ,,front1 ,,rema9d] ,,"r 7or ,,left7 ,,:eel1 ! nam$ section w cont9ue to move =w>d1 ! rema9+ sections w :eel to ! "r 7or left71 &1 on rea*+ ! l9e ( advance ( ! lead+ section1 w :eel to ! left 7or "r7 & foll[ x 9 column ( f\rs4 #d4 ,a company column mov+ 9 f\rs may =m l9e fac+ ! same direction on ! comm& ,,on ,,! ,,"r 7or ,,left7 ,,=m ,,sections1 foll[$ by ! comm& ,,=w>d1 ,,by ,,! ,,"r 7or ,,left7 z soon z ! =mation is complete1 sections act+ z 9 ,squad ,drill1 ,s4 #cb4 #e4 ,9 =m+ l9e f company column1 section comm&]s w take po/ 9 re> ( _! sections z soon z ! movem5t is comm5c$1 mov+ by ! out] flank1 or 9 re>1 ( _! sections4 #fe4 ,m>*+ 9 l9e4 ,,by ,,! ,,"r #a4 ,on ! caution ,,by ,,! ,,"r 7or ,,left7 7or ,,left74 ! comm&] ( ! "r 7or left7 squad w ,,quick--,,m>*4 select po9ts to m>* on4 #b4 ,:5 ! company is turn$ ab\t1 ! squad comm&]s1 on ! comm& ,,ab\t ,,turn1 w turn ab\t & take two paces =w>d1 & align !mselves ) ! lead+ rank4 #ff4 ,a company 9 l9e =m+ to ! "r or left4 ,,"r 7or ,,left7--,,=m1 #a4 ,,f ,,! ,,halt4--,,z ,,9 ,,squad ,,drill1 ,s4 #bi7c74 ,,quick--,,m>*1 ,,! ,,comm&] ,,( ,,! ,,inn] ,,squad ,,w ,,act ,,z ,,=w>d1 ,,by ,,! ,,"r 7,,or ,,left7 ,,h& ,,man4 ,,! ,,"r 7or ,,left74 #fg4 ,a company 9 l9e1 or mov+ 9 f\rs1 =m+ company column4 #a4 ,f company 9 l9e at ! halt4--,on ! comm& ,,"r 7or ,,left7 turn1 ! :ole company1 ,,advance ,,9 ,,except ,,! ,,section ,,( ,,=mation1 ,,w ,,turn ,,company ,,9 ,,! ,,requir$ ,,direction4 ,,on ,,! ,,comm& ,,column1 ,,on ,,quick--,,m>* ! "r 7or left7 section w ,,! ,,"r advance1 ! rema9d] w m>k "t two paces1 7or ,,left71 & !n lead on4 ,:5 ! lead+ file ( ea* ,,rema9d] ,,successive ,,section ,,is ,,9 ,,re> ,,( ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,"r 7or section 9 front ( x1 ! section comm&] w ,,left7 ,,turn4 ord] x to incl9e to ! left 7or "r71 & ,,quick--,,m>*4 :5 its re> file1 9 ! case ( a =mation on ! "r 7or lead+ file1 9 ! case ( a =mation on ! left7 is 9 re> ( ! left file ( ! section 9 front ( x1 he w ord] x to advance by ! comm& left 7or "r7 incl9e4 #b4 ,f company 9 l9e on ! m>*4--,if :5 on ! m>* x is desir$ to =m company column f company 9 l9e1 ! comm& w be ,,company ,,column ,,on ,,! ,,"r 7or ,,left71 ,,rema9d] ,,"r 7or ,,left7 ,,turn1 :5 ! sections w act z 9 p>a4 #a4 ,:5 a company 9 l9e on ! m>* is requir$ to =m company column at ! halt1 ! caution ,,at ,,! ,,halt w prec$e ! caution 9 p>a4 #b4 ,! section on :i* ! =mation is to be made w advance two paces & !n halt1 ! rema9+ sections w m>k "t two paces & !n be l$ by ! squad comm&]s ne>e/ ! section ( =mation into _! positions 9 column1 & w !n be halt$1 & turn$ to ! left or "r1 by ord] ( _! comm&]s4 #c4 ,a company 9 l9e =m+ company column to a flank4--,a company 9 l9e may move to a flank 9 company column1 on ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ,squad ,drill1 ,s4 #bi 7#c74 ,! comm& is1 ,,sections ,,"r 7or ,,left7 ,,=m1 ,,quick--,,m>*1 foll[$ by ,,=w>d1 z soon z ! =mation is complete4 #d4 ,a company 9 f\rs =m+ company column4--,a company mov+ 9 f\rs may =m company column 9 f\rs on ! "r or left ( ! lead+ section4 ,on ! comm& ( ! company comm&]1 ,,company ,,column ,,on ,,! ,,lead+ ,,section1 ,,rema9d] ,,"r 7or ,,left7 ,,incl9e1 ,,d\ble--,,m>*1 ! lead+ section w cont9ue to advance1 ! rema9+ sections w incl9e to ! "r 7or left71 & w d\ble to _! positions 9 company column1 ea* section1 z soon z its lead+ file is at section int]val f1 & 9 l9e )1 ! lead+ file ( ! section on its left or "r1 be+ successively ord]$ to left 7or "r incl9e7 & quick m>* by its comm&]4 ,! section on :i* ! =mation is made w direct1 unless o!rwise ord]$4 ,a company mov+ 9 f\rs w =m =w>d into company column1 on ! company comm&]'s ord]1 ,,on ,,! ,,"r 7or ,,left7 ,,=m ,,sections1 foll[$ by ! comm& ,,=w>d :5 ! =mation is complete1 sections w act z 9 ,squad ,drill1 ,s4 #da 7#b74 #e4 ,9 =m+ company column f company 9 l9e1 section comm&]s w take po/ 9 front ( _! sections z soon z ! movem5t is comm5c$1 mov+ by ! out] flank1 or 9 re>1 ( _! sections4 #fh4 ,:5 m>*+ 9 f\rs or file1 =m+ up into l9e4 ,^! =mations w be made z describ$ 9 ,squad ,drill1 ,s4 #da 7#b71 on ! comm& ,,on ,,! ,,"r 7or ,,left71 ,,=m ,,company1 foll[$ by ,,=w>d ,,by ,,! ,,left 7or ,,"r71 z soon z ! =mation is complet$4 ,%\ld a company1 m>*+ to ! "r 9 f\rs1 be ord]$ to =m company on ! "r1 or vice v]s1 !reby *ang+ ranks1 ! (fic]s & section comm&]s w at once ga9 _! positions z 9 ,s4 #fc4 #fi4 ,a column *ang+ direction4 ,a company column w *ange direction by successive =mation ( sections1 r\nd ! same po9t on ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ,squad ,drill1 ,s4 #bi 7#d71 ! caution1 ,,*ange ,,direction ,,"r 7or ,,left71 be+ giv5 by ! company comm&]1 & ! comm& ,"r 7or ,left7 ,,=m--,,=w>d ,,by ,,! ,,left be+ giv5 successively by ea* section comm&]4 #gj4 ,movem5ts 9 l9e 7or l9es7 ( sections4 ,?is =mation af=ds _m advantages :5 mov+ ?r\gh a wood$ or brok5 c\ntry1 :5 expos$ to di/ant artill]y fire1 or prep>atory to ext5sion into a l9e or l9es ( skirmi%]s4 ,! advance may be made 9 l9e ( half-companies or 9 "o or m l9es ( sections4 ,^! bodies may move 9 l9e1 9 column1 9 f\rs1 or 9 file4 ,! int]vals & di/ance may v>y accord+ to circum/ances4 ,! l9e may be =m$ z foll[s3--,! company comm&] hav+ assembl$ ! half-company & section comm&]s1 w in=m !m ( ! numb] ( l9es & ! relative position ( _! comm&s2 he w !n issue 8 in/ructions & assign an objective4 ,! half-company or section comm&]s w move _! comm&s into position on ! company comm&]'s ord] ,,move4 ,half-companies or sections w !n be mov$ (f by _! comm&]s by ! %orte/ r\te1 ea* unit z x rea*es its position1 halt+4 ,if two l9es are to be =m$1 ! requisite di/ance w be obta9$ by advanc+ ! fir/ l9e4 ,?is =mation may also be c>ri$ out on ! comm& ,,l9e ,,( ,,sections ,,at -- ,,paces ,,int]val1 or ,,l9es ,,( ,,sections ,,on ,,nos4 -- ,,at -- ,,paces ,,int]val1 ,,at -- ,,paces ,,di/ance4 ,if 9 l9e1 sections w move outw>ds to obta9 ! necess>y int]val2 if 9 column ! ev5 numb]$ sections w move to ! left & ! odd numb]$ sections to ! "r4 ,a section ( direction w be nam$4 ,! subalt]ns w place !mselves :]e !y c be/ direct & sup]9t5d ! movem5ts ( _! half-companies4 ,:il/ advanc+ 9 ?is =mation1 half-companies & sections may decrease or exce$ ! nam$ int]vals 9 ord] to take advantage ( cov]1 or to avoid ob/acles4 ,b !y %\ld rega9 !m z soon z possible1 & ! greate/ att5tion %\ld be paid to ! ma9t5ance ( direction1 a matt] ( mu* difficulty 9 close c\ntry1 on m\nta9s1 & 9 woods4 ,*anges ( position & direction %\ld be practis$ 9 ! above =mations1 ! ord]s be+ convey$ by signal1 ,s4 #di2 ! unit on :i* ! =mation is made1 & ea* unit 9 succession on rea*+ its new position w halt until ! :ole has con=m$ to ! new direction1 int]val or di/ance1 :5 ! l9e w cont9ue ! advance4 ,9 all =mations ( ?is "*1 sc\ts w cov] ! movem5t & protect ! flanks4 ,! company comm&] w ei!r give ! necess>y directions1 or 9 default ( ord]s f him1 half-company comm&]s w s5d out sc\ts1 us+ _! own discretion z to numb]s4 #ga4 ,drill 9 s+le rank4 ,all ! movem5ts 9 company drill %\ld be practis$ 9 s+le rank1 & x w g5]ally be f\nd conv5i5t to =m two companies1 "o f ea* rank1 or ! "r half-company becom+ ,no4 #a company1 ! left ,no4 #b4 ,x w be unnecess>y to =m new sections & squads4 ,?is ex]cise is also ( great use 9 tra9+ ! subalt]ns to habits ( indep5d5t action1 & %\ld !re=e be frequ5tly practis$4 #gb4 ,fire action4 #a4 ,fire action is ! aim ( all manuvres 9 w>1 & %\ld !re=e be ! climax ( all manuvres 9 peace4 ,= ?is purpose drill & fire action %\ld be comb9$ on all p>ades4 ,?us1 aft] a *ange ( position or direction1 or :5 m>*+ 9 f\rs1 ! company comm&] %\ld po9t out "s objective1 mov+ or /ation>y1 & ord] ! company or any portion ( x to op5 fire1 ext5d+ if necess>y4 ,! half-company comm&]s may repeat ! ord]s1 b ! section comm&]s %\ld give ! executive comm&s4 ,?is practice w n only give a mean+ to _m movem5ts1 :i* !y w\ld o!rwise lack1 b w ex]cise all ranks 9 judg+ di/ance1 ext5d+1 & op5+ fire ) rapidity4 ,! :i/le %\ld be us$ to control ! fire1 ,s4 #di4 #b4 ,! company %\ld also be ex]cis$ 9 meet+ sudd5 ru%es1 su* z *>ges by cavalry1 savage swordsm51 or fanatics1 ,s4 #he4 ,?is practice %\ld be c>ri$ out on e description ( gr\nd1 especially 9 woods4 ,w>n+ may be giv5 by "s pre-arrang$ signal4 #c4 ,:5 ! company is mov+ 9 l9e 7or l9es7 ( sections1 ! fire-tactics be/ adapt$ to meet sudd5 attacks by cavalry or swordsm51 may be practis$ ) v great b5efit to ! effici5cy ( all ranks4 ,! half-companies or sections %\ld be left to _! own comm&]s1 :o w move !m to fav\rable gr\nd1 secur+1 if possible1 a cle> field ( fire1 adopt suitable =mations1 & regulate ! fir+2 habits ( quick decision & al]tness1 z well z an eye = gr\nd1 w ?us be cultivat$4 #gc4 ,:5 disp]s$1 re-assembl+4 ,! comm&] w place ! left squad comm&] ( ,no4 #a section ) slop$ arms on ! left ( ! alignm5t on :i* he int5ds ! company to =m4 ,! left squad comm&]s ( ! rema9+ sections w cov] (f at column di/ance4 ,on ! comm& ,,assemble1 ! m5 w fall 9 on ! "r ( ^! squad comm&]s1 ord]+ arms1 tak+ up _! dress+ & /&+ at ease4 #gd4 ,dismiss+4 ,! (fic]s hav+ be5 ord]$ to fall out1 a company w be dismiss$ z 9 ,squad ,drill1 ,s4 #dd4 #ge4 ,inspection 9 close ord] drill4 #a4 ,! inspection ( ! company 9 close ord] =mations is c>ri$ out ) a view ( te/+ ! read9ess ( ! (fic]s1 non-commission$ (fic]s1 & squad lead]s 9 *ang+ f "o =mation to ano!r1 & adapt+ =mations to ! gr\nd2 9 utilis+ ! fire ( _! comm&s 9 ! mo/ effective mann]2 9 controll+ ! fire2 9 giv+ cle> & concise ord]s2 & 9 ma9ta9+ direction1 int]val1 & di/ance4 ,p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be direct$ to ! foll[+3 7i7 ,! rapidity ) :i* fire 0 op5$1 mann] 9 :i* x 0 controll$ & di/ribut$1 & ! positions ( ! m54 7ii7 ,! att5tion & /ead9ess ( ! m51 & ! precision ( all movem5ts4 7iii7 ,! pres]vation ( dress+1 direction1 int]val1 & di/ance1 especially :5 9 l9es ( sections4 7iv7 ,! l5g? ( pace & cad5ce 9 quick & d\ble "t4 7v7 ,! read9ess ) :i* ! company =ms l9e ( half-companies or sections4 7vi7 ,! mann] 9 :i* words ( comm& are giv54 7vii7 ,! clos5ess ) :i* ! pr9ciples & in/ructions conta9$ 9 ?is manual are foll[$4 ,,skirmi%+4 #gf4 ,g5]al ,rem>ks4 ,! tra9+ ( ! company 9 skirmi%+ w be conf9$ to tactical ex]cises on brok5 gr\nd1 & w be c>ri$ out 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 #de-eg4 ,! comm&] %\ld decide :e!r gr\nd %\ld be cross$ by simultane\s ru%es2 by ru%+ man by man2 by crawl+ 9 succession1 or indep5d5tly2 or 9 quick "t4 ,occasions may arise :5 a /rict adh]5ce to ! directions laid d[n 9 ,"p ,i1 = ext5d+1 *ang+ direction1 c41 w\ld be undesirable4 ,company tra9+ %\ld embrace a v>iety ( r\gh & ready exp$i5ts1 calculat$ to enable a fight+ front to be %[n ) ! lea/ possible delay 9 any requir$ direction3-- ,= in/ance1 a company m>*+ nor? 9 f\rs is requir$ to sudd5ly ext5d fac+ nor?-we/2 or troops ly+ d[n fir+ are requir$ to rapidly l9e a bank to _! "r1 to =e/all its occupation by an enemy2 or a company advanc+ 9 ext5d$ ord] arrives at an impassable ob/acle ( limit$ ext5t1 or p]haps enc\nt]s wat] :i* c only be cross$ by a bridge1 & ! comm&] wi%es to avoid clos+ & re-ext5d+4 ,to meet cont+5cies1 ! foll[+ me?ods are sugge/$4 ,o!r exp$i5ts %\ld be improvis$ by comm&]s 9 ord] to educate _! m5 to meet a p>ticul> exig5cy3-- 7i7 ,to *ange direction2 or to occupy a position rapidly4 ,:5 9 ext5d$ ord]1 ! comm& may be3--,l9e t bank 7dit*1 h$ge1 c47--,d\ble4 ,:5 9 close ord]3--,l9e t bank 7h$ge1 dit*1 c47--,ext5d4 ,9 ! latt] case ! int]vals betwe5 m5 are immat]ial4 7ii7 ,f beh9d an ob/acle su* z a bog1 or pond1 to occupy ! gr\nd on ! f> side 9 ext5d$ ord]4 ,! new position hav+ be5 po9t$ out to ! m51 ! ^w ( comm& may be ,man by ,man 7or ,by ,files1 ,by ,f\rs71 ,f ! ,"r 7,left1 or ,bo? ,flanks71 ,to--paces1 ,ext5d 7or ,advance1 or ,d\ble74 ,! m5 w move (f f "o or bo? flanks1 & occupy 9 ext5d$ ord] ! position po9t$ out1 ! squad comm&] lead+4 ,?is me?od may also be us$ = ext5d+ f beh9d cov]1 su* z a wall1 bank1 c41 into ! op5 "u fire2 or = cross+ a bridge :5 "u fire2 or :5 x is desir$ n to attract att5tion4 ,m5 may also be ext5d$ 9 prolongation ( any alignm5t on ! above pr9ciples4 7iii7 ,f beh9d cov]1 :5 9 close ord]1 to occupy a frontage1 ! flanks ( :i* are def9$ by fix$ po9ts su* z trees1 bu%es1 build+s1 c4 ,?ree po9ts1 "o 9 ! c5tre1 & "o on ea* flank1 are select$ & po9t$ out to ! c5tre man & flank m5 respectively4 ,^! m5 move (f1 & :5 at a suitable di/ance ! ord] ,ext5d is giv51 on :i* ! rema9d] advance at ! d\ble1 &1 op5+ out l a fan1 divide ! di/ance betwe5 !m4 ,?is me?od may be practis$ )\t fix$ po9ts1 an approximate int]val "r & left ( ! c5tre man be+ indicat$ to ! two flank m54 ,,attack ,,practice4 #gg4 ,g5]al ,rules4 #a4 ,a well-arm$ enemy c only be driv5 f a /rong position by p>tly envelop+ 8 front1 or by ov]:elm+ him ) a heavi] & m accurate fire ?an 8 own at decisive range1 & ev5tually *>g+ ) ! bayonet4 ,to rea* a decisive range "u heavy fire is1 h[ev]1 a long & difficult op]ation4 ,! advance w be cov]$ by sc\ts1 ,s4 #acb2 :5 ^! c move =w>d no fur!r1 !y w lie /ill until absorb$ by ! fir/ l9e ( skirmi%]s1 :i* 9 turn w gradually be re9=c$ by l9es 9 re> z x becomes necess>y to increase ! volume ( fire1 until a /rong fir+ l9e is e/abli%$4 ,fur!r advance c usually be effect$ only :5 ! advance ( "o body is cov]$ by ! fire ( ! rema9d]1 & :5 ! gr\nd is ga9$ by a few m5 at a "t1 or by successive ru%es f po9t to po9t4 ,h[ ^! advances are to be made mu/ be left to ! intellig5ce ( ! lead]s4 #b4 ,9 ?is practice1 ! foll[+ rules w be obs]v$3-- 7i7 ,all ext5sions w be made1 if possible1 "u cov]2 & ! prelim9>y in/ructions z to sc\t+1 direction1 objective1 outflank+ ! enemy1 c41 c41 w be giv5 be=e ext5sion4 7ii7 ,! int]vals1 9 ! prelim9>y /ages ( ! attack1 may v>y f five to fifte5 paces2 ^! w gradually be r$uc$ z ! l9es 9 re> re9=ce ! fir+ l9e4 7iii7 ,skirmi%]s mu/ ma9ta9 ! g5]al direction 9 :i* _! section has be5 ord]$ to advance2 b !y may deviate to ! "r & left 9 ord] to take advantage ( cov]1 provid$ t !y resume _! int]vals be=e cross+ expos$ gr\nd1 & t :5 halt$ !y d n cr[d s closely on "o ano!r z to int]f]e ) ! free use ( ! rifle4 7iv7 ,9 ord] to take advantage ( a well-%elt]$ approa* f "o position to ano!r1 skirmi%]s may move 9 file1 b only :5 ord]$ to d s by ! section lead]s4 7v7 ,expos$ gr\nd w1 if ! enemy's fire is heavy & accurate1 be cross$ by ru%es at ! quicke/ possible pace4 ,ru%es1 ov] op5 gr\nd1 %\ld n exce$ eighty or "o hundr$ y>ds1 & %\ld r>ely rea* ?is limit4 ,at decisive ranges a ru% %\ld n be s long t ! enemy has "t = aim$ fire1 & c only be cont9u$ :il/ ! surprise la/s4 ,if cov] exi/s !y %\ld be made f "o %elt] to ! next4 ,gr\nd :i* af=ds slight cov] may be cross$ by ! m5 runn+1 creep+1 or crawl+ =w>d by ones or twos1 ea*1 if possible1 select+ a diff]5t c\rse1 & />t+ at diff]5t times f diff]5t po9ts ( ! l9e4 7vi7 ,ei!r be=e or dur+ a =w>d movem5t ea* skirmi%] %\ld m>k out = himself ! new position he int5ds to occupy4 ,?is position %\ld be z ne>ly z possible 9 a direct l9e =w>d1 & %\ld be su* z n to mask or int]f]e ) ! fire ( 8 comrades4 7vii7 ,! fire ( a widely ext5d$ l9e is v ineffective4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 !re=e1 fire %\ld r>ely be op5$1 ! advance be+ cov]$ by ! fire ( ! support+ troops4 7viii7 ,if ! di/ance f cov] to cov] is too great to be cross$ )\t halt+1 skirmi%]s1 at ! end ( ! fir/ ru%1 w ?r[ !mselves d[n 9 ! op51 & lie p]fectly motionless )\t fir+1 until !y recov] _! w9d4 7ix7 ,9 ! f9al advance aga9/ ! position1 aft] bayonets h be5 fix$1 ! skirmi%]s w ei!r advance by ru%es f cov] to cov]1 or1 if possible1 9 a g5]al l9e4 7x7 ,! m5 ( a squad1 & ! squads ( a section1 mu/ always if possible keep toge!r4 #c4 ,:5 two or m sections are advanc+ 9 a g5]al l9e1 & x is assum$ to be no long] possible1 ow+ to ! int5sity ( ! enemy's fire1 to advance 9 ?is =mation1 ! advance w be conduct$ by alt]nate ru%es4 ,! comm&] ( ! section indicat$1 )\t ris+ or expos+ himself1 w w>n ! squad ( 8 int5tion to advance1 & w himself lead ! way4 ,:5 ! comm&] halts1 ! section w at once con=m to 8 movem5ts & reop5 fire4 ,! section beh9d1 :i* has be5 fir+ 9 ord] to cov] ! advance ( ! lead+ squad1 w n[ ru% =w>d1 pass beyond1 or align itself )1 ! lead+ section1 halt1 & op5 fire4 #d4 ,bayonets w be fix$ be=e ! f9al advance f ! fire position4 #gh4 ,position ( ! comm&]s4 ,section & squad comm&]s w place !mselves :]e !y c be/ c>ry out _! duties4 ,9 op5 gr\nd1 :5 ! l9e is halt$1 & :5 ! enemy's fire is heavy1 x is n possible = !m to move ab\t4 ,9 su* circum/ances ! comm&]s mu/ lie d[n1 ei!r on ! flank or among ! m54 #gi4 ,casualties4 ,(fic]s1 non-commission$ (fic]s1 & squad lead]s1 %\ld frequ5tly be ord]$ to fall out1 & ! m5 all[$ to c>ry on ! practice )\t int]f]5ce1 9 accordance ) ! in/ructions orig9ally issu$4 #hj4 ,in/ructions = comm&]s4 #a4 ,s f> z possible1 all ord]s are to be communicat$ by signal4 ,a well-tra9$ squad1 except :5 pass+ ord]s or reports1 %\ld "w 9 absolute sil5ce4 #b4 ,comm&]s %\ld n expose !mselves unnecess>ily4 #c4 ,ea* lead] :o receives an ord] ei!r by signal or ^w ( comm& w ackn[l$ge x by a salute ) ! h&4 #d4 ,comm&]s mu/ be prep>$ to in/antly assume ! duties ( _! imm$iate sup]iors :o may be disabl$4 #e4 ,section comm&]4 7i7 ,be=e ! section advances1 to expla9 cle>ly1 s t e man may he> & und]/&1 ! objective ( ! manuvre ab\t to be c>ri$ out1 & h[ he int5ds to rea* x4 ,! secret ( good & intellig5t skirmi%+ lies 9 ! cle>ness ( ! in/ructions ! m5 receive4 7ii7 ,to select ! successive halt+-places ( ! section4 7iii7 ,to det]m9e ! me?od ( advance4 7iv7 ,to see t ! g5]al direction is ma9ta9$4 7v7 ,to prev5t cr[d+4 7vi7 ,to conc5trate ! fire aga9/ a p>ticul> objective1 po9t out & describe ! position ( ! t>get1 give ! range1 & obs]ve ! fire4 7vii7 ,to control ! exp5diture ( ammunition1 to see t ! ammunition ( m5 disabl$ is collect$ & di/ribut$1 & to in=m ! half-company comm&] :5 ! ammunition is runn+ %ort4 7viii7 ,to %[ ! way f cov] to cov]1 & to d ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to assi/ ! advance ( neighb\r+ sections by direct+ a vigor\s fire on ! enemy :il/ !y are 9 movem5t4 7ix7 ,to transmit intellig5ce ( ! enemy's movem5ts4 #f4 ,squad comm&]4 7i7 ,to repeat all signals1 & ensure t all ord]s & reports are quickly & correctly pass$ along ! l9e4 7ii7 ,to ensure t ! ord]s ( ! section lead] are promptly & en]getically obey$3 7iii7 t ! g5]al direction is ma9ta9$3 7iv7 t ! squad ma9ta9s connection ) ! rema9d] ( ! section4 7v7 ,:5 "u cov]1 or 9 ! op5 if ! enemy's fire is n heavy1 to see ! m5 place !mselves 9 position to use _! rifles effectively2 t !y recognise ! t>get1 & adju/ _! sights2 & t !re is no wild fir+4 7vi7 ,to assi/ ! advance ( neighb\r+ squads by cov]+ !m ) _! fire :il/ !y are 9 movem5t4 #ha4 ,duty ( ! ,skirmi%]4 ,x %\ld be impress$ ^u ! m5 t comb9$ action is always m likely to be successful ?an isolat$ ef=ts1 because skirmi%]s :o are fight+ "u ! control ( _! lead]s1 & are beside _! own comrades1 feel mu* m confid5ce1 & co-op]ate m effectively1 ?an :5 ea* man advances1 retires1 or halts z seems be/ to himself4 ,x is to be recognis$1 h[ev]1 t :5 ! section is ext5d$ at wide int]vals1 & also :5 x is "u heavy fire1 section1 & ev5 squad comm&]s _c always ex]cise direct control4 ,h5ce ! m5 mu/ le>n to act indep5d5tly & mu/ be taught _! duty1 fir/ by cle> explanations1 !n by practice1 accompani$ by con/ant que/ion+1 until e individual kn[s exactly :at is expect$ ( him :5 left to himself1 viz43-- 7i7 ,cont9ue fight+1 & d 8 be/ to c>ry out 8 comm&]'s int5tions indicat$ 9 ! orig9al in/ructions4 7ii7 ,e/imate ! range1 fire delib]ately1 & husb& ammunition4 7iii7 ,place himself1 if possible1 "u ! ord]s ( ! olde/ soldi] 9 8 neighb\rhood1 & =m "o ( a new squad4 7iv7 ,z soon z re9=cem5ts arrive to take ! ord]s ( ! ne>e/ (fic] or non-commission$ (fic]4 #hb4 ,def5ce ,practice4 #a4 ,! *ief po9ts to be att5d$ to 9 ! occupation ( a po/ or position are3 fir/1 t ea* skirmi%] c comm& ! gr\nd ov] :i* ! enemy is expect$ to advance1 & is s plac$ t he c use 8 rifle effectively2 second1 invisibility & cov] f fire2 ?ird1 t natural re/s are prop]ly utilis$ or artificial re/s provid$2 f\r?1 t ranges h be5 asc]ta9$ & are kn[n to ev]yone2 & fif?1 t all cov] :i* ! enemy c\ld utilise is cle>$ away f ! front & flanks2 & six?1 t ea* man has ample ammunition4 #b4 ,! company %\ld be practis$ 9 *ang+ its position1 creep+ or crawl+ "u cov] to d s2 also 9 deliv]+ c\nt] attacks1 by "s cov]$ l9e ( approa*1 aga9/ ! flanks ( an attack+ p>ty4 ,! flanks ( a company on ! def5sive mu/ always be wat*$ by sc\ts4 #hc4 ,reconnaissance ,practice4 ,! squad may be practis$ 9 =m+ a *a9 ( gr\ps ( sc\ts to feel ! way = a l>g] body1 & 9 work+ z a patrol s5t out to obta9 in=mation ( ! enemy or ! gr\nd4 ,x is impossible to lay d[n precise rules = ^! mo/ important duties4 ,all t c be said is t ! int]vals w\ld be f> great] ?an is usual 9 ! ,attack ,practice2 & t mu* m latitude %\ld be grant$ to ! m54 ,9 reconnoitr+ ! enemy or ! gr\nd ! m5 %\ld be made to und]/& cle>ly ! nature ( ! in=mation requir$4 #hd4 ,retirem5ts4 ,retirem5ts 9 face ( ! enemy mu/ be conduct$ ) ! greate/ circumspection4 ,9 retir+ "u fire1 skirmi%]s1 if well 9 h&1 may move f cov] to cov] at ! quicke/ possible pace1 a few m51 pref]ably ! mo/ active1 be+ left beh9d = a %ort "t at ea* halt to cov] ! retirem5t ( ! rema9d]4 ,sections w also be taught to retire alt]nately1 af=d+ ea* o!r mutual support by tak+ up successive fire positions2 a section1 aft] deliv]+ its fire1 w retire z rapidly z possible beyond ! o!r section :i* w !n op5 fire4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! m5 are at all %ak51 z :5 an attack has fail$1 ! retirem5t mu/ be 9 quick "t2 & all ranks %\ld ex]t !mselves to ! utmo/ to ensure t x is c>ri$ out1 not)/&+ losses1 ) /ead9ess & precision4 ,a rapid retreat1 9 su* conditions1 is n only a fruitful s\rce ( panic1 b a v great enc\ragem5t to ! enemy4 ,a /eady1 delib]ate movem5t1 on ! o!r h&1 c>ri$ out 9 sil5ce & good ord]1 pulls ! m5 toge!r & imposes respect & caution on ! enemy4 #he4 ,meet+ an attack by cavalry4 #a4 ,x %\ld be impress$ ^u ! m5 t on op5 gr\nd foot soldi]s h little to fe> f individual troop]s1 provid$ t !y keep cool1 & h pl5ty ( ammunition2 & t on brok5 gr\nd ! advantage is altoge!r on _! side4 #b4 ,*>ges ( cavalry aga9/ ! front c usually be met by rapid fire )\t *ang+ ! =mation4 ,if = any p>ticul> reason1 a close =mation is deem$ advisable1 ! m5 ( ! section w close ^u _! lead]1 & fix bayonets1 ! ^w ( comm& be+ ,cavalry1 ,close4 ,x is to be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t close =mations may give ! enemy's artill]y ! opportunity :i* 8 cavalry h be5 seek+ to create4 #c4 ,an attack by cavalry 9 flank %\ld be *eck$ by ! fire ( ! supports1 b may1 if necess>y1 be met by ! section ne>e/ ! ?reat5$ flank *ang+ direction 9 ! quicke/ possible "t1 ea* man clos+ indep5d5tly on ! file ne>e/ ! po9t f :i* ! cavalry is approa*+1 & fix+ bayonets4 ,?is w be c>ri$ out on ! comm& ,cavalry ,"r 7,half-"r1 ,left1 c474 ,9 re=m+1 ! m5 w be ord]$ to cease fire1 or unload & unfix bayonets1 & ! m5 w resume _! =m] ord]1 mov+ by ! %orte/ l9e4 #d4 ,x is :5 ammunition is runn+ %ort1 :5 troops are retir+ "u a heavy fire1 :5 ! flanks ( a l9e ( skirmi%]s are n protect$ by o!r troops 9 re>1 or 9 fog1 du/1 or heavy ra91 t cavalry w f9d _! opportunity4 ,no h>d & fa/ rules c be laid d[n z to ! action ( skirmi%]s 9 su* circum/ances4 ,ev]y?+ w dep5d on ! n]ve & res\rcefulness ( ! lead]s & ( ! m51 :o %\ld be taught t swordsm5 mov+ at spe$ c inflict b little damage on m5 :o ?r[ !mselves d[n on ! gr\nd z ! horsem5 close on !m4 ,x may be laid d[n1 moreov]1 t a s\nd sy/em ( sc\t+ w d mu* to r$uce ! dang] ( surprise1 & t 9 a ?ick atmosph]e1 :i* r5d]s ! enemy's artill]y useless1 squads1 & l>g] bodies also1 may safely move 9 close ord]4 #hf4 ,,sc\t+4 #a4 ,x is an inv>iable rule t all bodies ( infantry 9 ! field %\ld feel ! way1 & at ! same "t protect !mselves f surprise1 by means ( sc\ts1 :o %\ld be pu%$ out sev]al hundr$ y>ds 9 advance & to ! flanks4 ,9 skirmi%+ practice ! sc\ts w exam9e all gr\nd :i* might be held by ! enemy1 & report1 usually by signal1 all cle> or o!rwise4 ,!y w receive in/ructions f _! comm&]s z to _! action :5 !y discov] ! enemy1 & !y mu/ be c>eful to expose !mselves z little z possible4 #b4 ,! day's "w w be r5d]$ m int]e/+1 & ! m5 receive useful tra9+ 9 sc\t+1 if ambu%es are laid1 & c\nt]-attacks deliv]$4 #c4 ,9 e company ( infantry at lea/ "o man p] squad1 9 addition to "o non-commission$ (fic] 9 ea* half-company1 %\ld receive a special tra9+ z sc\ts4 #d4 ,sc\ts are to be select$ = _! activity1 intellig5ce1 & eyesight4 ,!y mu/ be good %ots & judges ( di/ance1 exp]t skirmi%]s1 & be able to communicate by semaphore4 ,! special tra9+ %\ld be su* z to cultivate ^! qualities1 to develop an eye = c\ntry1 & to tea* :at to obs]ve & h[ to report x4 #hg4 ,duties ( ,sc\ts4 #a4 ,9 attack4 ,to prec$e ! advance1 reconnoitre ! gr\nd1 look out = ambu%es1 to wat* ! flanks1 report all ob/acles to movem5t1 asc]ta9 ! enemy's position1 & obs]ve 8 dispositions4 #b4 ,9 def5ce4 ,to obs]ve ! enemy's approa*1 to report 8 /r5g? & ! direction ( 8 m>*2 to wat* ! flanks1 & to obs]ve ! enemy's movem5ts4 #c4 ,z ,gr\nd ,sc\ts4 ,to asc]ta9 ! be/ gr\nd = an advance4 ,to look = ob/acles to an advance4 ,to f9d accessible r\tes4 ,to f9d cov] = an advance4 #d4 ,reconnaissance4 ,to act z ! eyes & e>s ( ! army1 especially 9 m\nta9\s & wood$ c\ntry4 ,to obta9 in=mation ( ! enemy's position & /r5g?1 ! :]eab\ts ( 8 guns1 ! nature ( 8 entr5*m5ts1 c4 #e4 ,9 night op]ations4--,to prec$e ! advance4 #f4 ,special purposes4--,= special purposes1 ! sc\ts ( sev]al companies may be comb9$ 9 "o body "u a select$ (fic] or (fic]s4 ,to keep d[n ! fire ( ! enemy's sc\ts & snip]s1 to ambu% !m1 & to drive !m (f4 ,to rapidly seize po9ts ( importance4 ,to cov] retirem5t f difficult positions4 ,to act on gr\nd t is too difficult = ord9>y infantry4 #hh4 ,tra9+ ( ,sc\ts4 #a4 ,! tra9+ ( sc\ts w1 z a rule1 be c>ri$ out by a select$ (fic] 9 ea* company4 #b4 ,sc\ts %\ld be able to f9d _! way across c\ntry bo? by day & night4 ,!y %\ld be able to read a map1 & to "w by sun & compass1 by obs]vation ( l&m>ks1 & by ! direction ( wat]%$s & /reams4 #c4 ,!y %\ld be con/antly practis$ 9 transmitt+ in=mation by semaphore1 by writt5 message1 & by ^w ( m\?4 #d4 ,!y %\ld be tra9$ to cov] long di/ances at ! d\ble1 & also to climb /eep hills4 #e4 ,sc\ts w g5]ally "w 9 pairs or 9 gr\ps ( f\r1 includ+ a non-commission$ (fic] or select$ gr\p lead]4 #f4 ,sc\ts mu/ rememb] t ! less !y are se5 or he>d ! bett]4 ,!y are n int5d$1 except 9 special cases1 = fight+ purposes2 &1 z a rule1 !y %\ld n fire except to def5d !mselves1 or possibly to prev5t ! enemy's sc\ts f obta9+ in=mation4 #g4 ,sc\ts mu/ always be c>eful to keep t\* ) ! troops !y are cov]+4 #hi4 ,! ,inspection 9 ,skirmi%+4 #a4 ,! inspection w inv>iably take ! =m ( a tactical ex]cise bas$ on a s*eme1 set by ! inspect+ (fic]1 9 :i* an enemy w be repres5t$ by ano!r unit4 #b4 ,! inspect+ (fic] w pay p>ticul> att5tion to ! foll[+3-- 7i7 ,! ord]s issu$4 7ii7 ,! suitability ( ! =mations to ! gr\nd & to ! tactical situation4 7iii7 ,fire discipl9e4 7iv7 ,! aptitude ( ! m5 9 mak+ use ( cov]4 7v7 ,! read9ess ( ! half-company1 section1 & squad lead]s 9 adapt+ =mations to ! gr\nd 9 occupy+ suitable fire positions1 & 9 cov]+ ! advance ( o!r half-companies1 c41 by fire4 7vi7 ,! accuracy & promptitude 9 pass+ ord]s & reports4 7vii7 ,! "w ( ! sc\ts4 7viii7 ,! initiative %[n by ! subord9ate lead]s4 7ix7 ,! acqua9tance ( all ranks ) signals4 #ij4 ,,%elt] ,,tr5* ,,ex]cise4 ,full in=mation on ! subject ( extemporis$ cov] 9 ! field is conta9$ 9 ,"p ,i ( ! ,manual ( ,milit>y ,eng9e]+4 ,in/ruction ( ,troops4--,troops %\ld be practis$ 9 ! use ( ! pick & %ovel1 until !y c excavate )\t difficulty ! tasks m5tion$ bel[4 ,m5 unaccu/om$ to digg+ %\ld1 if possible1 be tra9$ at fir/ 9 s& or v light soil1 until !y are accu/om$ to h&l+ ! %ovel4 ,:5 ! troops practise entr5*+1 ! task set !m %\ld require n less ?an f\r h\rs' actual "w1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! soil 7,m4,m4,e41 ,section ,,iv74 ,x w be well to arrange = a portion ( ! work+ p>ty ) a c>t to draw ! tools & convey !m to ! site ( ! tr5*es1 s t no "t may be lo/ 9 beg9n+ "w4 ,tools4--#a4 ,ea* man w usually require a pick & a %ovel1 b x may sometimes be desirable to allot two m5 to ea* task1 9 :i* case ! front rank man w c>ry ! pick & ! re> rank man ! %ovel4 #b4 ,! tools w1 z a rule1 be plac$ 9 heaps on ! gr\nd1 picks 9 "o heap1 %ovels 9 ano!r4 ,! work+ p>ty1 ) arms slung1 w pass betwe5 ! heaps 9 s+le file1 ea* man tak+ a pick 9 8 left h& & a %ovel 9 8 "r z he passes ! heaps4 ,tools %\ld be c>ri$ at ! trail1 po9t ( ! pick d[n1 & ! holl[ ( ! %ovel t[>ds ! ?igh4 #c4 ,x is important t soldi]s %\ld be taught to h&le _! tools )\t noise4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a work+ p>ty turn+ into file 7or ab\t71 ! h&les ( ! tools w be=e turn+ be br\ght into a v]tical position by l[]+ ! iron "p ( ! pick1 & rais+ ! iron "p ( ! %ovel1 resum+ ! trail :5 ! turn is complete4 ,:5 m>*+ 9 file1 ! h&les w incl9e outw>ds4 #d4 ,ext5sion4--,work+ p>ties w be ext5d$ by "o ( ! foll[+ me?ods3-- 7i7 ,! p>ty w be ext5d$ to su* int]val z may be requir$1 ab\t #ab paces 9 re> ( ! propos$ tr5*4 ,x w !n be advanc$ & halt$1 :ile an (fic] paces along ! front1 halt+ at ! limit ( ea* man's task4 7ii7 ,! p>ty w be br\ght up ab\t #c paces 9 re> ( "o ( ! flanks ( ! propos$ tr5* 9 file or s+le file1 accord+ z "o or two m5 are allott$ to ea* task4 ,an (fic] w pace along ! front1 halt+ at ! limit ( ea* task1 ! p>ty mov+ (f at ! same "t & :eel+ to ! "r or left1 ! m5 =m+ on ! alignm5t 9 succession 9 ext5d$ ord] by file1 or s+le file1 z ord]$4 ,?is me?od is especially suitable to night "w4#g 7iii7 ,! "r or left ( ea* task w be m>k$ by driv+ 9 ! pick accord+ z ! ext5sion is f ! "r or left4 ,! %ovel w be plac$ on ! gr\nd at "r angles to ! pick 7blade to ! left74 ,ea* task w be 8spitlock$10 i4e41 m>k$ out by ! pick1 z soon z ! direct+ (fic] has fix$ ! out] limit ( ! task4 #e4 ,! m5 w1 )\t ^w ( comm&1 turn ab\t & take #d paces to _! re>1 gr\nd arms1 take (f _! acc\trem5ts1 & lie d[n until ord]$ to beg9 "w4 #f4 ,to avoid accid5ts e man mu/ comm5ce digg+ on ! left ( 8 task1 & "w f left to "r4 ,fill+ 9 tr5*es4 ,tr5*es %\ld nev] be fill$ 9 on ! day on :i* !y h be5 made1 b a fatigue p>ty %\ld be s5t out lat] = ! special purpose ( levell+ !m4 ,default]s might be employ$ on ?is duty4 ,9 "o h\r a man %\ld be expect$ to fill 9 ab\t #dj cubic feet4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,battalion1 ,,brigade1 ,,& ,,division ,,drill4 ,,battalion ,,drill4 #ia4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #a4 ,object ( battalion drill4--,! in/ruction ( ! soldi] is br\ght to a conclusion 9 ! ranks ( ! company4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 t ! companies %\ld be drill$ 9 battalion 9 ord] t ! (fic]s comm&+ companies may le>n to "w 9 unison4 #b4 ,application ( company drill4--,battalion movem5ts are c>ri$ out by comb9ation ( companies1 mov+ z describ$ 9 ,company ,drill4 #c4 ,m\nt$ (fic]s4--,! comm&+ (fic]1 ! second 9 comm&1 & ! adjutant w be m\nt$4 ,:5 ! battalion is act+ indep5d5tly1 ! comm&+ (fic]1 accompani$ by ! adjutant1 :o w act z 8 ord]ly (fic]1 w place himself :]e he c be/ ex]cise sup]vision4 ,:5 ! battalion is 9 brigade 9 column or qu>t] column ! comm&+ (fic] w be t5 paces 9 advance ( ! c5tre ( ! lead+ company1 ! adjutant be+ "o-&-a-half horse's l5g?s 9 re>1 & half a horse's l5g? to ! "r ( ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,9 all movem5ts ! second 9 comm& w be responsible = ! direction & cov]+2 he 7& ! s]jeant-major1 if no ammunition c>ts are pres5t7 w g5]ally assi/ ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,if a ?ird field (fic] be pres5t he %\ld g5]ally assi/ ! second 9 comm&1 unless detail$ by ! comm&+ (fic] = any o!r purpose4 ,:5 a battalion is on ! move1 ! second 9 comm& w place himself 9 a position f :i* he c be/ sup]9t5d ! direction ( ! advance & ! cov]+ ( ! squad comm&]s on ! direct+ flanks4 #d4 ,ranks w be *ang$ z 9 ,company ,drill1 ,s4 #fc4 #e4 ,except :]e laid d[n1 ! d\ble m>* is n to be us$ by companies dur+ ! int]ior movem5ts ( a battalion1 unless ord]$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #f4 ,if companies move into column or qu>t] column f bo? flanks !y w pass ea* o!r left arm to left arm4 #g4 ,9 ord] to practise ! battalion 9 brigade movem5ts1 & to give ! field (fic]s exp]i5ce 9 h&l+ sev]al companies1 ! battalion w occasionally be divid$ into two battalions1 ea* ( f\r companies1 or ( eight companies 9 s+le rank4 #h4 ,9 action1 9 high w9d1 & at all times :5 indi/9ctly he>d1 ! comm&+ (fic] %\ld indicate 8 ord]s by signal1 :]e possible 7,s4 #di72 su* signals %\ld be repeat$ by z _m (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s z may be necess>y to ensure ! transmission ( ! ord]4 ,9 battalion movem5ts ! ord]s giv5 by ! comm&+ (fic] are pr9t$ 9 ,,capitals2 ^? by (fic]s comm&+ companies 9 italics4 ,! cautions may be appli$ to ei!r ! "r or ! left flank al?\gh only ! =m] is ref]r$ to4 #i4 ,:]e cautions & comm&s are giv5 = =mations to1 or f1 "o flank only1 ! same rule applies :5 =m+ to1 or f ! o!r flank1 :i* w also be practis$4 #aj4 ,fire action %\ld be practis$ z direct$ 9 ,s4 #gb1 p>a4 #a4 #aa4 ,! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 company drill1 ,s4 #fj 7#c71 7#d7 & 7#e71 apply equally to battalion drill4 #ab4 ,companies w be told (f aga9 :5 a *ange ( =mation alt]s _! relative position4 #ib4 ,=mations4 #a4 ,! foll[+ =mations w be employ$ 9 battalion drill3-- 7i7 ,qu>t] column4--,?is is a conv5i5t =mation 9 :i* to move battalions1 ei!r s+ly or 9 brigade1 :5 n expos$ to ! enemy's fire4 7ii7 ,column4--,?is is ess5tially a m>* =mation1 b w be us$ = ! purpose ( =m+ up prep>atory to clos+ to qu>t] column1 or mov+ (f 9 column ( f\rs4 7iii7 ,l9e 7or ,l9es7 ( company columns4--,?is =mation w usually be adopt$ by ! battalion at di/ant artill]y ranges1 prep>atory to ext5d+ = ! attack4 ,x all[s ( full control be+ ex]cis$ by ! battalion comm&]1 :il/ at ! same "t enabl+ companies to take advantage ( natural cov]1 & to conv5i5tly advance ov] brok5 or int]sect$ gr\nd4 7iv7 ,column ( f\rs4--,?is is a conv5i5t m>* =mation :5 a n>r[ front is necess>y1 su* z pass+ a defile1 & w usually be adopt$ :5 on ! m>*4 ,aga9/ an enemy arm$ ) ! bree*-load]1 close ord] =mations 9 battalion & brigade are applicable only = assembly1 = m>*es & dur+ ! prep>atory /ages ( ! fight4 #b4 ,attacks by savages arm$ ) spe>s & swords mu/1 h[ev]1 usually be met 9 close ord]2 & = ?is purpose1 9 addition to ! =mations m5tion$ 9 p>a4 #a1 ! foll[+ w be practis$1 b only by troops :i* are likely to be call$ ^u to take "p 9 su* w>f>e3-- 7i7 ,l9e4 7ii7 ,e*elon4 7iii7 ,squ>e4 #ic4 ,a battalion 9 qu>t] column4 ,plate ,,vi4 ,! companies ( a battalion1 aft] hav+ be5 inspect$ on _! private p>ades or 9 column1 w =m up 9 qu>t] column z %[n 9 ,plate ,,vi4 ,on ! comm&+ (fic]'s ord] ,,tell ,,(f ,,by ,,companies1 ! companies w be numb]$ f ! lead+ company4 ,:5 ! companies are numb]$1 ! comm&+ (fic] w divide ! battalion ?us3-- ,no4 #a to ,no4 -- ,,"r ,,half-,,battalion4 ,no4 -- to ,no4 -- ,,left ,,half-,,battalion4 ,if ! numb] ( companies is unev51 ! "r half-battalion w be /rong] by "o company ?an ! left4 ,unless o!rwise ord]$ a battalion 9 qu>t] column w assemble & move by ! left4 ,! ma*9e guns1 drums & b&1 mules1 wagons & /ret*] be>]s w usually be on ! out] flank ( ! battalion1 z :5 9 column1 see ,plate ,,vii 7cycli/ sections1 if pres5t1 w be 9 re> ( ma*9e guns74 ,! second 9 comm& w be f\r paces f ! c5tre ( ! direct+ flank ( ! lead+ half-battalion4 ,if a ?ird field (fic] be pres5t1 he w be f\r paces f ! c5tre ( ! direct+ flank ( ! re> half-battalion4 ,! position ( ! company comm&]s & s]jeant-major are %[n 9 ,plate ,,vi4 ,:5 ranks are *ang$1 ! second 9 comm& w ga9 8 position by mov+ r\nd 9 re> ( ! battalion4 ,company comm&]s w move 9 re> ( _! companies4 ,company (fic]s & section comm&]s & sup]num]>ies w act z 9 ,s4 #fc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,a ,,battalion ,,9 ,,qu>t] ,,column4 #id4 ,movem5ts 9 qu>t] column4 ,,! ,,battalion #a4 ,on ! ^w ,,m>* ! :ole w /ep ,,w (f toge!r4 ,! squad comm&] on ! ,,advance4 direct+ flank ( ! lead+ company ,,quick--,,m>*4 7i4e41 on ! left unless o!rwise ord]$7 select+ po9ts to m>* on4 #b4 ,! :ole w act z 9 ,squad ,drill1 ,s4 ,,"r--,,incl9e4 #bh4 ,on ! comm& ,,left--,,incl9e ! battalion w resume its orig9al direction4 #c4 ,a flank company w be ord]$ to direct1 ! rema9d] be+ l$ by ! ,,=m ,,f\rs--,,"r1 lead+ squad comm&]s on ! flank ne>] ,,no4 -- ,,w ! company ( direction4 ,,direct4 ,! second 9 comm& w po/ himself on ! flank ( ! direct+ company 9 l9e ) ! lead+ section ( f\rs4 #ie4 ,a qu>t] column :eel+4 #a4 ,on ! comm& ,,"r--,,:eel1 ! battalion1 except+ ! lead+ company1 w make a p>tial turn to ! out] flank1 ! front rank ( ! lead+ company w glance t[>ds ! inn] flank on :i* !y w :eel1 ! second 9 comm& sup]9t5d+ on ! inn] flank & ! adjutant regulat+ ! pace on ! out] flank2 ! out] flank w direct1 b :5 companies are ( unequal /r5g? !y w ,,*ange reta9 ! same relative positions !y held ,,direction be=e ! :eel4 ,ea* man w move r\nd ,,"r4 on ! circumf]5ce ( a circle ( :i* ,,"r--,,:eel4 ! inn] squad comm&] ( ! lead+ company is ! c5tre4 ,! adjutant 9 regulat+ ! pace mu/ wat* ! squad comm&] ( ! out] flank ( ! re> company1 :o w cont9ue to m>* at a full pace ?r\gh\t ! :eel1 & on ^: movem5t ! m>* ( e man 9 ! qu>t] column %\ld be made to dep5d4 ,:5 ! battalion has circl$ r\nd to ! requir$ angle1 ! comm& ,,=w>d w be giv54 ,?is may be prec$$ by ,,m>k--,,"t %\ld all ! companies n be 9 _! correct positions4 #b4 ,a qu>t] column mov+ 9 f\rs w :eel z 9 #a1 ! lead+ f\rs ( ea* company :eel+ 9 ! same mann] z ! lead+ company 9 #a1 ! sections ( f\rs 9 re> mak+ a p>tial turn outw>ds & foll[+ r\nd aft] ! lead+ f\rs1 ! lead+ squad comm&]s *ang+ to ! inn] flank if n !re already4 #if4 ,a battalion at ! halt op5+ to column f qu>t] column4 #a4 ,on ! caution ,,advance ,,9 ,,column1 ! lead+ company w be mov$ (f by its comm&]1 :o w give ! comm& ,by ! ,left1 ,quick--,m>*2 ! o!r companies ,,advance ,,9 w foll[ 9 succession at company ,,column4 di/ance by ord] ( _! comm&]s1 & w con=m to ! movem5ts ( ! lead+ company4 ,unless o!rwise ord]$ column w move & dress by ! left4 ,:5 halt$ 9 column ! second 9 comm& w be f\r paces f ! c5tre ( ! direct+ flank ( ! lead+ half-battalion2 a ?ird field (fic]1 if pres5t1 w be f\r paces f ! c5tre ( ! direct+ flank ( ! re> half battalion4 ,! position ( ! company (fic]s & section comm&]s w be z :5 9 company2 ! ma*9e guns1 drums & b&1 c41 w be on ! out] flank1 see ,plate ,,vii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,a ,,battalion ,,9 ,,column4 #b4 ,a battalion 9 column w move ei!r 9 f\rs or by ! diagonal m>*1 on ! same pr9ciples & on ! same words ( comm& z f qu>t] column4 ,s4 #id4 #ig4 ,a battalion 9 column on ! m>* clos+ to qu>t] column4 #a4 ,! lead+ company w be at once ,,at ,,! ,,halt1 halt$ by its comm&]4 ,! rema9+ ,,qu>t] companies w cont9ue to advance1 & w ,,column4 be successively halt$ by _! comm&]s on rea*+ _! position 9 qu>t] column4 #b4 ,%\ld x be necess>y to =m qu>t] column on ! m>*1 on ! battalion ,,qu>t] comm&]'s ord] ,,rema9d]--,,d\ble--,,m>*1 ,,column4 ! :ole w break into d\ble "t1 ,,rema9d]--,,d\ble except ! lead+ company1 :i* w ,,m>*4 cont9ue to advance 9 quick "t2 ! comm&]s ( ! companies 9 re> w ord] !m to break into quick "t z soon z !y h rea*$ _! position 9 qu>t] column4 #c4 ,%\ld x be necess>y to =m qu>t] column f column f ! halt1 ! comm& 9 #a w be foll[$ by ! words1 ,,rema9d]1 ,,quick--,,m>*1 :5 ! lead+ company w /& fa/1 ! rema9d] w act on ! same pr9ciple z 9 #a4 #d4 ,qu>t] column w usually be =m$ on ! lead+ company4 #ih4 ,a battalion 9 column or qu>t] column advanc+ 9 f\rs1 or vice v]s4 #a4 ,column ( f\rs f column on ! ,,9 ,,succession m>*4--,?is caution w be giv5 :5 a ,,advance ,,9 column is requir$ to defile1 on :i* ! ,,f\rs ,,f lead+ company comm&] w give ! ,,! ,,"r ,,( comm& ,=m f\rs1 "r1 ,left--:eel1 ,,companies4 ea* company =m+ successively on rea*+ ! same po9t4 ,if companies are to advance 9 f\rs simultane\sly1 ! battalion comm&] w give ! comm& ,,=m ,,f\rs1 ,,"r1 ,,companies1 ,,left--,,:eel4 #b4 ,column f column ( f\rs on ! m>*4--,if ! column is to be re=m$ imm$iately on cle>+ ! defile1 ! caution w be ,,9 ,,succession ,,on ,,! ,,left ,,=m ,,companies1 on :i* ! company comm&]s w act z 9 ,s4 #fh1 ea* company successively =m+ into column4 ,column may also be =m$ :5 ! :ole has cle>$ ! defile1 on ! battalion comm&]'s ord] ,,on ,,! ,,left ,,=m ,,companies1 ,,=w>d1 companies act+ z 9 ,s4 #fh4 #c4 ,column ( f\rs f qu>t] column f ! halt4--,! battalion comm&] w give ! caution ,,9 ,,succession ,,advance ,,9 ,,f\rs ,,f ,,! ,,"r ,,( ,,companies1 on :i* ! comm&] ( ! lead+ company w give ! comm& ,=m f\rs1 "r1 left :eel1 ,quick--m>*1 ea* company 9 re> be+ mov$ (f 9 a simil> mann] z soon z its front is cle>4 ,if on ! m>* ! qu>t] column mu/ be halt$ be=e defil+4 #d4 ,qu>t] column f column ( f\rs on ! m>*4--,qu>t] column w be =m$ f column ( f\rs by fir/ =m+ column z 9 #b1 & !n =m+ qu>t] column z 9 ,s4 #ig 7#b74 #e4 ,column or qu>t] column f column ( f\rs on ! m>*4--,a battalion mov+ 9 f\rs may =m qu>t] column or column on ! lead+ company fac+ at "r angles to ! l9e ( advance1 on ! caution ,,at ,,! ,,halt1 ,,fac+ ,,"r1 ,,column 7or ,,qu>t] ,,column7 ,,on ,,! ,,lead+ ,,company1 on :i* ! lead+ company w be at once halt$ & turn$ to its "r by its comm&]1 ! rema9+ companies =m+ 9 re> ( x4 ,note4--,:5 9 column ( f\rs on ! m>*1 drums & b& w be tw5ty paces 9 front ( ! lead+ company2 mules w foll[ 9 re> ( ! companies to :i* !y are atta*$2 ma*9e guns1 /ret*] be>]s1 c>ts & wagons w be 9 re> ( ! battalion2 ! :ole 9 ! above ord]4 ,cycli/ section1 if pres5t1 w prec$e ! ma*9e guns4 ,! second 9 comm& w usually be 9 re> ( ! battalion4 ,! adjutant w accompany ! comm&+ (fic]1 :o w be betwe5 ! b& & ! lead+ company4 ,! s]jeant-major w be 9 front ( ! lead+ company4 #ii4 ,a battalion 9 column *ang+ direction4 ,on ! battalion comm&]'s caution1 ea* company comm&] w successively =m 8 ,,*ange company r\nd ! same po9t by giv+ ! ,,direction comm& ,"r =m foll[$ by ,=w>d1 ,,"r4 by ! ,left1 z soon z ! =mation ( 8 company is complete4 ,s4 #ff4 #ajj4 ,movem5ts 9 l9e1 or l9es1 ( company columns f column or qu>t] column4 #a4 ,^! are ( v great importance1 z p>ticul>ly applicable to ! vic9ity ( ! battlefield1 & %\ld !re=e be practis$ on brok5 gr\nd4 ,!y enable full advantage to be tak5 ( cov] af=d$ by folds 9 ! gr\nd1 c41 & admit ( rapid ext5sion into l9es ( skirmi%]s4 #b4 ,"o1 two1 or ?ree l9es may be =m$1 at v>y+ di/ances & int]vals1 ) a diff]5t numb] ( companies 9 ea*1 if desir$4 #c4 ,! battalion =ms a l9e1 or l9es1 ( company columns1 prep>atory to advanc+ to ! attack1 or :5 expos$ to di/ant artill]y fire4 ,! precision ( su* movem5ts w dep5d almo/ entirely on ! cle>ness & complet5ess ( ! explanations & ord]s giv5 by ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,! comm&+ (fic] w usually assemble ! company comm&]s1 & w in=m !m ( ! numb] ( l9es to be =m$1 & ! relative positions ( _! companies2 he w !n issue 8 in/ructions & assign an objective4 ,companies w be mov$ into _! positions on ! battalion comm&]s ord] ,,move4 ,?is =mation may also be c>ri$ out on ! comm& ,,l9e ,,( ,,company ,,columns ,,at ---- ,,paces ,,int]val1 or ,,l9es ,,( ,,company ,,columns ,,on ,,nos4 ----2 ,,at ---- ,,paces ,,int]val1 ,,at ---- ,,paces ,,di/ance4 ,9 ! case ( "o l9e1 ! "r companies w move to ! "r & ! left companies to ! left ( ! lead+ company2 9 ! case ( two or m l9es1 companies w simil>ly move to ! "r or left ( ! nam$ company 9 front ( !m4 ,di/ances w be usually be obta9$ by advanc+ ! lead+ l9e or l9es4 ,9 mov+ into position company column w be =m$ on ! m>* z soon z space is available ,s4 #fg 7#d74 #d4 ,a company ( direction w be nam$1 & an objective po9t$ out on :i* ! l9e 7or l9es7 w m>*4 #e4 ,*anges ( direction dur+ su* movem5ts %\ld be practis$1 & fire %\ld be op5$ on "s nam$ object4 #f4 ,att5tion mu/ be paid to ! ma9t5ance ( direction1 int]val1 & di/ance1 & !re mu/ be no increase or decrease ( ! orig9al frontage assign$ to ! battalion4 ,9 brok5 gr\nd companies may deviate to "o flank or ! o!r to avoid ob/acles or to take advantage ( cov]1 & !y may *ange _! =mations 9 ord] to adapt !m to ! gr\nd2 b !y mu/ resume _! int]vals z soon z ! gr\nd p]mits4 #g4 ,! duties ( ! second 9 comm& dur+ ^! movem5ts w be assign$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #h4 ,! ma*9e guns1 b&1 ammunition c>ts1 c41 w foll[ 9 re> ( ! battalion1 unless !y receive o!r ord]s4 #i4 ,! battalion %\ld also be con/antly practis$ 9 v>i\s =mations ( a simil> nature to ^? describ$ 9 ?is section1 cautions be+ extemporis$ = ! purpose4 #aj4 ,9 all =mations ( ?is "* sc\ts w cov] ! movem5t & protect ! flanks4 #aja4 ,:5 disp]s$1 re-assembl+4 ,ea* company w be assembl$ by its comm&]1 & w !n be mov$ into any =mation ord]$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,?is %\ld be frequ5tly practis$4 ,on ! signal to close1 a company on :i* ! battalion is to be =m$ w be indicat$ by ! comm&]4 ,ea* company comm&] w !n assemble 8 company & move x into its position4 #ajb4 ,inspection ( a battalion4 7a7 ,9 close ord]4 #a4 ,a regul> battalion w be inspect$ 9 "s ( ! movem5ts prescrib$ = savage w>f>e1 p>ticul> att5tion be+ paid to fire discipl9e :5 9 close ord]4 ,! inspection ( a regul> battalion 9 close ord] =mations w be m se>*+ ?an = a battalion ( auxili>y =ces4 ,a few movem5ts 9 l9es ( columns1 prep>atory to a4 tactical ex]cise1 w be a suffici5t te/ ( ! drill ( "o ( ^! latt] battalions4 #b4 ,9 close ord] movem5ts p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be direct$ to ! foll[+3-- 7i7 ,! att5tion & /ead9ess ( ! m54 7ii7 ,! precision ( all movem5ts4 7iii7 ,! pres]vation ( direction1 di/ance1 & int]val dur+ ! m>*1 especially :5 9 l9es ( columns4 7iv7 ,! read9ess ( a battalion 9 =m+ l9es ( columns4 7b7 ,9 attack & def5ce4 #c4 ,! inspection w inv>iably take ! =m ( a tactical s*eme1 set by ! inspect+ (fic] & giv5 out on ! gr\nd1 9 :i* ! enemy w be repres5t$ by ano!r battalion or "p ( a battalion1 or by a company or section ) flags4 #d ,! inspect+ (fic] w pay p>ticul> att5tion to ! foll[+3-- 7i7 ,! ord]s ( ! battalion comm&]4 7ii7 ,! co-op]ation ( ! companies4 7iii7 ,! initiative & read9ess ( ! company lead]s4 7iv7 ,! suitability ( ! =mations adopt$ by ! company lead]s4 7v7 ,! precautions tak5 aga9/ c\nt]-attack4 7vi7 ,! measures = deliv]+ a c\nt]-attack4 7vii7 ,! employm5t ( cov]+ fire1 & ! compliance ) ! pr9ciple ( mutual support4 7viii7 ,! rally+ ( ! companies aft] an assault4 ,,brigade ,,& ,,division ,,drill4 #ajc4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #a4 ,movem5ts 9 brigade & division are practis$ 9 ord] to accu/om ! battalions to assemble rapidly & )\t confusion2 & to tra9 !m to m>* 9 mass1 )\t los+ di/ance or int]val4 #b4 ,! brigade or division comm&] may give 8 ord]s v]bally1 b on s]vice & at manuvres ord]s may be writt51 & ! object ( e important movem5t or =mation %\ld inv>iably be expla9$ to ! battalion comm&]s1 &1 9 case ( a division1 to ! brigadi]s4 #c4 ,in/ructions giv5 by ! comm&] ( a p>ade w be pass$ by comm&+ & m\nt$ (fic]s1 :o are responsible t !y are di/9ctly convey$ to1 & und]/ood by1 ! next unit4 ,on receiv+ _! in/ructions1 comm&+ (fic]s w give all necess>y ord]s & be prep>$ to m>* (f _! battalions toge!r on ! signal or ord] ( ! brigadi]4 ,! cautions & comm&s giv5 by comm&+ (fic]s w be z 9 ,battalion ,drill4 ,:5 ! progress ( an ord] is int]rupt$1 comm&+ (fic]s w con=m1 z quickly z possible1 to ! movem5t !y see 9 execution4 #d4 ,int]vals & di/ances ( ?irty paces betwe5 battalions & brigades1 & sixty betwe5 divisions1 w be pres]v$ 9 all =mations1 unless o!rwise ord]$4 #e4 ,a battalion w always be nam$ to direct1 ! rema9+ battalions pres]v+ _! int]vals f t battalion4 #f4 ,9 brigade & division drill1 battalions w be 9 qu>t] column unless o!rwise ord]$4 #g4 ,9 all int]ior movem5ts ( a brigade1 battalions w move to _! places by ! %orte/ l9es1 mov+1 :5 possible1 by ! diagonal m>*4 #h4 ,division drill4--,! pr9ciples laid d[n = brigade drill are equally applicable to division drill4 #ajd4 ,a brigade :eel+ f mass into l9e ( battalions & vice v]s4 ,a brigade c be :eel$ into l9e ( battalions f mass & vice v]s1 by ! battalions :eel+ z 9 ,battalion ,drill1 #ie4 ,! above movem5ts may be p]=m$ ei!r at ! halt or on ! move4 #aje4 ,a mass deploy+ into l9e ( battalions & vice v]s4 ,! battalion :i* is ! po9t ( =mation /&s fa/4 ,! rema9+ battalions w be mov$ by _! comm&+ (fic]s by ! %orte/ l9e to ! spot :]e _! inn] flank w re/1 ?is spot be+ m>k$ by ! second 9 comm&4 ,if ! deploym5t is 9 an oblique direction1 ! battalion ( =mation w be =m$ on ! requir$ alignm5t by its comm&+ (fic]1 9 accordance ) ! in/ructions ( ! brigadi]4 ,! deploym5t w !n be c>ri$ out z already describ$4 ,mass w be =m$ f l9e ( battalions 9 a simil> mann]4 ,9 =m+ mass on a c5tral battalion1 ! battalions on ! "r & left w pass into mass left arm to left arm4 ,a l9e ( battalions *ang+ position4 ,a l9e ( battalions w *ange position on a flank battalion z foll[s3--,! battalion ( =mation w be :eel$ into ! requir$ alignm5t1 ! o!rs =m+ on x1 ! seconds 9 comm& m>k+ ! spots :]e ! inn] flanks w re/4 #ajf4 ,m>*+ 9 l9e ( battalions ei!r 9 column or qu>t] column4 ,:5 a brigade m>*es 9 l9e ( battalions1 a battalion ( direction w be nam$4 ,! rema9+ battalions w m>* by _! inn] flanks1 ! seconds 9 comm& rid+ on ! flank next to ! regulat+ battalion1 & notify+ to ! comm&+ (fic]s :e!r int]val is be+ correctly kept or n4 ,signals %\ld be agre$ on = ?is purpose2 ! comm&+ (fic] %\ld wat* = !m1 & direct ! movem5t ( ! battalion accord+ly4 ,:5 x is necess>y to advance 9 e*elon ( battalions1 int]vals w be pres]v$ on ! pr9ciples describ$ 9 #aag4 ,,=mations ,,applicable ,,to ,,savage ,,w>f>e4 #ajg4 ,g5]al ,rules4 #a4 ,! foll[+ =mations1 i4e41 l9e1 e*elon1 & squ>e1 are suitable aga9/ attacks ( ill-arm$ savages4 ,!y w occasionally be practis$1 b only by troops likely to take "p 9 su* w>f>e4 #b4 ,! battalion =ms or deploys into l9e1 e*elon or squ>e 9 ord] to come into action1 & ^! movem5ts mu/ !re=e be execut$ z rapidly z is compatible ) /ead9ess4 ,! ma9 object is to develop a broad front ( fire1 & enable e man to use 8 rifle ) effect4 #c4 ,:5 a movem5t is to be execut$ z rapidly z possible1 ! comm&+ (fic] w ord] x to be p]=m$ at ! d\ble4 #d4 ,! comb9ation ( fire-tactics & drill movem5ts is ( ! greate/ importance 9 savage w>f>e1 & %\ld be con/antly practis$2 ! fire unit w usually be ! section4 #e4 ,company comm&]s w employ :atev] description ( fire ! circum/ances may require4 #ajh4 ,a battalion 9 l9e4 #a4 ,arrangem5t ( companies4--,ea* company w be 9 l9e1 z 9 ,company ,drill1 ! capta9s w be ?ree paces 9 front ( ! c5tre ( _! companies2 :5 fir+1 ?ree paces 9 re>4 #b4 ,correction ( int]vals4--,aft] =m+ into l9e ! int]vals w be correct$ by ! company comm&]s4 ,! "r c5tre company1 or 9 deploym5t ! fir/ =m$ company1 ( ! battalion %\ld rema9 unmov$4 #c4 ,a battalion 9 l9e moves & dresses by ! c5tre unless o!rwise ord]$4 #d4 ,! battalion 9 l9e w be =m$ up on ! same pr9ciple z 9 ,plate ,,ix ,c]emonial1 ) ! exception t ! second 9 comm& w be six paces 9 re> ( ! c5tre ( ! battalion1 & ! adjutant w accompany ! comm&+ (fic]4 #e4 ,9 deploym5ts into l9e1 or 9 *ang+ position1 ! second 9 comm& w m>k ! inn] flank1 & ! adjutant ! out] flank ( ! battalion2 9 deploym5ts outw>ds ! second 9 comm& w m>k ! left1 & ! adjutant ! "r flank ( ! battalion4 #aji4 ,a qu>t] column or column deploy+ into l9e4 ,deploym5ts w be made on ! lead+ company ( a battalion4 #a4 ,to a flank4--,! company ( =mation w /& fa/4 ,,deploy ,,to ,,! ,,left4 ,,rema9d]1 ,! rema9+ companies w =m f\rs ,,=m & move by ! %orte/ l9e to ! spot ,,f\rs1 ,,left1 :]e _! inn] flank w re/4 ,ea* w ,,quick--,,m>*4 !n move p>allel to ! alignm5t1 & :5 opposite to its place 9 l9e w be halt$ & turn$ to ! "r4 #b4 ,to bo? flanks4--,! deploym5t w be made on ! pr9ciple above describ$4 ,! comm& w be ,,deploy ,,outw>ds1 ,,"o ,,company 7or ,,two1 or ,,m ,,companies7 ,,to ,,! ,,"r1 ,,rema9d] ,,=m ,,f\rs1 ,,outw>ds4 ,,quick--,,m>*4 ,! company or companies1 next 9 succession f ! front1 w move to ! nam$ flank4 #c4 ,9 an oblique direction4--,on ! battalion comm&]'s caution1 ,,qu>t] 7,,half or ,,?ree ,,qu>t]s7 ,,"r prec$+ ! caution 9 #a or #b1 ! ,company ( ,=mation ,w ,be ,=m$ on ! requir$ alignm5t by its comm&] 9 accordance ) ! in/ructions ( ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,! deploym5t w !n be c>ri$ out z already describ$4 #d4 ,on ! ,m>*4--,a battalion may be ord]$ to deploy :ile advanc+ t[>ds an int5d$ alignm5t1 on ! comm& z 9 #a1 #b1 or #c1 ! lead+ company be+ halt$ &1 if necess>y1 =m$ 9 ! requir$ direction by its comm&] :5 ! rema9d] h =m$ f\rs & turn$ t[>ds _! position 9 l9e4 ,a battalion mov+ 9 column or qu>t] column to a flank 9 f\rs may deploy 9 ! direction t[>ds :i* x is mov+4 ,on ! caution1 ,,fac+ ,,"r1 ,,deploy1 ! company on ! "r w be halt$ by its comm&] & turn$ to its "r1 ! rema9+ companies w cont9ue to move =w>d & w deploy into l9e z 9 #a4 ,?is movem5t may also be p]=m$ 9 an oblique direction z 9 #c4 #e4 ,to ensure ! alignm5t be+ kept cle>1 companies w be =m$ or halt$ f\r paces 9 re> ( x4 #aaj4 ,m>*+ 9 l9e4 #a4 ,on ! caution ,,! ,,battalion ,,w ,,advance1 ! second 9 comm& w select ,,! ,,battalion po9ts = ! left squad comm&] ( ,,w ,,advance4 ! "r c5tre company to m>* on4 ,! ,,quick--,,m>*4 rema9+ companies w m>* by _! inn] flanks4 ,,battalion--,,halt4 #b4 ,m>*+ ) *ang$ ranks4--,! second 9 comm&1 on ! words ,,ab\t ,,turn1 w pass ?r\gh ! ranks 9 ord] to sup]9t5d ! direction1 ! files opposite him mak+ way by cov]+ ! files on _! "r & left1 aft] turn+ ab\t4 #aaa4 ,a l9e *ang+ position1 f ! halt1 on a flank company4 ,,*ange ,on ! caution1 ,no4 #a company w be ,,position1 =m$ 9 ! requir$ direction z ,,qu>t] 7or describ$ 9 ,s4 #ff1 & ! rema9d] w ,,half7 ,,"r4 receive ! comm& ,,=m--,,f\rs1 c41 on ,,rema9d]1 :i* ea* company w move direct on ! ,,=m--,,f\rs1 out] flank ( ! company =m$ be=e x4 ,,"r1 ,,quick--,,m>*4 ,ea* company w be ord]$ by its comm&] to =m up at ! halt into ! new alignm5t4 #aab4 ,a battalion 9 l9e =m+ column or qu>t] column4 ,,column ,,or #a4 ,all =mations ( columns f l9e w ,,qu>t] be made 9 re> ( ! nam$ company on ! ,,column ,,on comm& ,,column ,,or ,,qu>t] ,,column ,,on ,,no4 -- ,,no4 --4 ,,rema9d]1 ,,=m ,,f\rs1 ,,"r 7or ,,left1 ,,rema9d]1 or ,,inw>ds71 ,,quick--,,m>*1 ! company ( ,,=m ,,f\rs1 =mation w /& fa/1 ! rema9d] ,,"r 7or w move by ! %orte/ l9e to _! ,,left1 or positions4 ,z ea* company arrives 9 its ,,inw>ds71 place 9 column1 or qu>t] column1 its ,,quick--,,m>*4 comm&] w give ! ^w1 ,halt4 ,"r 7or ,left7 ,turn4 7,s4 #ia 7#f774 #b4 ,if x is desir$ to =m at an angle to ! alignm5t1 ! caution ,,qu>t] 7or ,,half or ,,?ree-,,qu>t]s7 ,,"r w prec$e ! caution 9 #a1 on :i* ! company w be =m$ 9 ! requir$ direction by ord] ( its comm&]1 ! rema9d] !n receiv+ ! executive comm& to =m f\rs & turn 9 ! requir$ direction4 #c4 ,if x is desir$ to =m by ! "r1 ! words ,,by ,,! ,,"r %\ld foll[ ! words ,,column ,,or ,,qu>t] ,,column4 #aac4 ,a l9e pass+ ob/acles1 or mov+ ov] brok5 gr\nd4 ,a l9e w pass ob/acles by ! comm&] ( ! company enc\nt]+ ! ob/acle =m+ 8 company into company column or column ( f\rs4 ,9 brok5 gr\nd1 or 9 l9e movem5ts ( any l5g? ! :ole battalion may break into f\rs4 ,! comm& w be ,,=m ,,f\rs1 ,,"r1 ,,companies ,,left ,,:eel1 ,,no4 -- ,,w ,,direct4 ,! squad comm&]s1 if n already !re1 w *ange to t flank ( ! f\rs :i* is ne>] ! company ( direction4 ,! second 9 comm& w lead ! battalion on ! direct+ flank ( company ( direction4 ,a l9e may be re=m$ on ! comm& ,,on ,,! ,,left1 ,,=m ,,companies1 ,,=w>d1 :5 companies w act z 9 ,s4 #fh4 #aad4 ,a l9e =m+ column to ! "r or left4 #a4 ,,companies1 ,,"r ,,=m1 ,ea* company w =m z 9 ,s4 #ff4 ,,quick--,,m>*1 ,,=w>d4 ,a column =m+ into l9e to ! "r or left4 #b4 ,,companies1 ,,left ,,=m1 ,ea* company w =m z 9 ,s4 #ff4 ,,quick--,,m>*1 ,,=w>d4 #c4 ,! movem5ts 9 #a & #b may also be p]=m$ at ! halt4 #aae4 ,a l9e advanc+ 9 column4 #a4 ,advanc+ 9 column4--,?is movem5t w be p]=m$ on a flank company2 ! ,,advance ,,9 nam$ company w advance4 ,! rema9d] ,,column1 ,,on w =m f\rs & /ep (f1 & ea* 9 ,,! ,,"r4 succession1 z soon z its lead+ f\r is ,,rema9d]1 9 re> ( ! c5tre ( ! prec$+ ,,=m ,,f\rs1 company1 w be ord]$ by its comm&] to ,,"r1 incl9e to ! left1 & w aga9 be ,,quick--,,m>*4 ord]$ to incl9e to ! left :5 9 column4 #b4 ,?is movem5t may be execut$ on ! m>*1 ! words ,,advance ,,9 be+ omitt$4 #aaf4 ,a qu>t] column on ! m>* =m+ l9e to a flank4 ,! comm&] ( ! re> company w at ,,at ,,! ,,halt1 once =m 8 company at ! halt 9 ! ,,l9e ,,to ,,! requir$ direction z 9 ,s4 #ff4 ,ea* ( ,,"r4 ! o!r comm&]s w =m 8 company into l9e 9 l mann] z x ga9s its prop] int]val4 #aag4 ,e*elon movem5ts1 f l9e1 column or qu>t] column4 ,9 c]ta9 circum/ances x may be desirable to advance or retire 9 e*elon f any nam$ company or companies4 ,! comm&+ (fic] w give in/ructions z to ! numb] ( companies to be =m$ 9 e*elon1 & ! di/ance or di/ances to be pres]v$ betwe5 !m2 & on 8 caution ,,advance 7or ,,ab\t ,,turn1 ,,advance7 ,,9 ,,e*elon ,,at -- ,,paces ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,"r1 or ,no4 -- or ,nos4 -- --1 ! nam$ company or companies w advance by ord] ( _! comm&]s1 & ! rema9d]1 if necess>y1 w be mov$ into _! places by ! %orte/ r\te1 & w m>* by ! inn] flank4 ,a battalion 9 column or qu>t] column sudd5ly ?reat5$ w be requir$ to develop a maximum fire ) ! lea/ possible delay2 ?is w be accompli%$ by =m+ e*elon4 ,on ! comm& ,,e*elon ,,to ,,! ,,"r1 ,,rema9d] ,,=m ,,f\rs ,,"r1 ,,d\ble--,,m>*1 ! lead+ company w /& fa/2 ! rema9d] w move 9 e*elon direct to a flank1 be+ halt$ & turn$ to ! front by _! comm&] on rea*+ _! position4 ,e*elon may also be =m$ outw>ds on ! comm& ,,e*elon ,,outw>ds1 ,,rema9d] ,,=m ,,f\rs ,,outw>ds1 ,,d\ble--,,m>*1 left or ev5-numb]$ companies =m+ to ! left1 & "r or odd-numb]$ companies =m+ to ! "r1 ! lead+ company /&+ fa/4 ,e*elon may be =m$ on a c5tre company on ! comm& ,,e*elon ,,f ,,no4 --1 ,,companies ,,9 ,,front ,,to ,,! ,,"r1 ,,companies ,,9 ,,re> ,,to ,,! ,,left1 ,,=m ,,f\rs ,,outw>ds1 ,,d\ble--,,m>*4 ,l9e or column w be re=m$ on ! same pr9ciples1 ! caution be+ ,,l9e ,,on ,,no4 --1 or ,,column or ,,qu>t] ,,column ,,on ,,no4 --1 on :i* ! nam$ company if 9 movem5t1 w be halt$4 #aah4 ,meet+ an attack by cavalry or swordsm54 ,:5 a battalion 9 l9e is ?reat5$ by cavalry or swordsm5 9 =ce1 x may sometimes be desirable to dress back ! ?reat5$ flank & to dress up ! unm5ac$ flank1 ! battalion comm&] giv+ ! ord] ,,back1 ,,no4 --1 ,,up1 ,,no4 --4 #aai4 ,=mation ( ,squ>es4 #a4 ,9 savage w>f>e1 x may (t5 be necess>y to =m a squ>e two deep4 ,?is c be =m$ f l9e on ! two c5tre companies1 ! companies fur!r to ! flanks =m+ ! side faces1 & ! flank companies ! re> face1 all1 except ! companies ne>e/ ! two c5tre companies1 mov+ into position by f\rs4 ,on ! caution ,,on ,,! ,,two ,,c5tre ,,companies ,,=m--,,squ>e1 ! comm&]s ( ! two c5tre companies w take po/ = fir+4 ,nos4 #c & #f w turn ab\t1 & at ! halt "r & left =m at ! d\ble1 & turn ab\t by ord] ( _! comm&]s4 ,! rema9+ companies1 by ord] ( _! comm&]s1 w =m f\rs inw>ds1 & ! comm&]s ( ! two c5tre companies w ord] _! companies to fix bayonets4 ,nos4 #b1 #g w !n be mov$ at ! d\ble to ! po9ts :]e _! flanks w re/ 9 squ>e1 on ! left or "r =m up at ! halt1 turn ab\t4 ,nos4 #a & #h w halt & turn to ! left & "r respectively to =m ! re> face4 ,! company (fic]s & sup]num]>ies :o are outside w pass into ! squ>e4 ,ea* company z x rea*es its position w be ord]$ to fix bayonets4 ,! company comm&]s w give ord]s z to fir+1 subject to directions f ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,if !re are an odd numb] ( companies1 t next to ! "r flank company %\ld d\ble inside ! squ>e1 =m column ( half-companies1 & fix bayonets4 ,l9e may be re=m$ by rev]s+ ! above movem5ts4 ,on ! comm& ,,re=m--,,l9e1 ! company comm&]s w give ! ord] to unfix bayonets1 & =m or m>* _! companies on to ! orig9al alignm5t at ! d\ble2 ,nos4 #c & #f receiv+ ! ^w ,left & ,"r ,=m respectively1 ! rema9d] =m+ f\rs4 #b4 ,squ>e w be =m$ f column z foll[s3--,on ! ^w ,,=m--,,squ>e1 ! lead+ company1 if on ! m>* w be halt$1 & bayonets w be fix$4 ,! rema9d] w be mov$ at ! d\ble by ord] ( _! comm&]s1 & ^? :i* are to =m ! side faces w be =m$ successively to ! "r & left1 ! la/ company =m+ ! re> face4 ,ea* company z x rea*es its position w be ord]$ to fix bayonets4 ,if !re is an unev5 numb] ( companies 9 ! battalion1 ! re> company b "o w =m company column on ! m>*1 halt inside ! squ>e & fix bayonets4 ,column w be re=m$ by rev]s+ ! above movem5ts4 ,on ! caution ,,=m ,,column1 bayonets w be unfix$1 & ! companies =m+ ! side faces w be turn$ ab\t by _! comm&]s4 ,! company 9 re> w !n /ep (f at ! d\ble by ^w ( its comm&]1 :ile ! comm&] ( ! next company w give ! ^w ,"r--,=m1 ,d\ble--,m>*2 ! rema9+ companies w move (f 9 succession4 ,if ! numb] ( companies be unev51 ! re> company b "o1 :i* w turn ab\t ) ! side faces1 w foll[ ! re> company & re-=m company on ! m>*4 ,! second 9 comm& w m>k ! po9t :]e ! flank ( ! la/ company ( ! column w re/1 & :5 ! company rea*es ?is po9t1 its comm&] w ord] x to halt & turn ab\t4 ,! rema9+ companies w be halt$ & turn$ ab\t at company di/ance f ! company prec$+4 #c4 ,a squ>e may be mov$ 9 any direction1 ! comm&+ (fic] indicat+ ! direction 9 :i* ! squ>e is to move4 ,on ! comm& ,,! ,,squ>e ,,w ,,advance--,,slope ,,arms1 ,,side ,,faces1 ,,=m--,,f\rs ,,inw>ds ! (fic] or (fic]s comm&+ ! company1 or companies1 fac+ 9 ! opposite direction1 w turn x1 or !m1 ab\t4 ,! flank to direct %\ld be nam$ be=e ! ord] ,,quick ,,m>* is giv54 ,on ! comm& ,,battalion--,,halt1 ! side faces w turn outw>ds & ! company or companies :i* are to =m ! re> face w turn ab\t4 ,,brigade ,,drill4 #abj4 ,deploym5ts4 ,l9es ( battalions 9 qu>t] column or 9 column1 at any int]val1 w deploy into l9e1 ea* battalion 9 succession foll[+ ! proc$ure 9 ,s4 #aji1 & comm5c+ its deploym5t on rea*+ a po9t ?irty paces f ! m\nt$ (fic] on ! out] flank ( ! battalion next to x 9 l9e4 ,if a brigade 9 mass is to deploy into l9e1 ! lead+ battalion w deploy at once2 ! rema9+ battalions w move by ! %orte/ l9es to ! po9ts :]e _! inn] flanks are to re/ 9 ! l9e1 & w !n deploy 9 ! usual mann]4 #aba4 ,m>*+ 9 l9e4 ,:5 a brigade is requir$ to m>* 9 l9e1 ea* battalion w m>* by its c5tre4 ,a m\nt$ (fic] ( ea* battalion1 n direct+1 w ride on ! inn] flank to ensure t ! correct int]val is ma9ta9$4 #abb4 ,a brigade 9 l9e advanc+ 9 columns1 or qu>t] columns4 ,l9e ( columns or ( qu>t] columns w be =m$ z 9 ,s4 #aab4 #abc4 ,a brigade =m+ squ>e4 ,= ! protection ( a convoy1 or w\nd$ m51 x may be necess>y to =m brigade squ>e4 ,! angles ( a squ>e are its weak po9ts2 9 ord]1 !re=e1 to obta9 ! greate/ am\nt ( resi/ance to resolute savages1 ! flanks ( battalions %\ld n meet at an angle4 ,! squ>e may move 9 any direction on ! same pr9ciples z a battalion squ>e4 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,infantry ,,9 ,,attack ,,& ,,def5ce4 #abd4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples4 #a4 ,x is impossible to lay d[n a fix$ & unv>y+ sy/em ( attack or def5ce4 ,al?\gh su* sy/em might appe> capable ( modification to meet diff]5t conditions1 yet con/ant practice 9 a /]eotyp$ =mation inevitably leads to want ( ela/icity1 accu/oms all ranks to "w by rule r ?an by ! ex]cise ( _! wits1 & cramps bo? initiative & intellig5ce4 ,9 peace ex]cises1 :]e blank c>tridges take ! place ( bullets1 ! inh]5t & p>alys+ defects ( a normal sy/em may easily escape notice2 9 w> !y betray !mselves 9 wa/e ( life & failure4 ,x is !re=e /rictly =bidd5 ei!r to =mulate or to practise a normal =m ( ei!r attack or def5ce4 ,to ! tra9+ ( ! troops 9 movem5ts be=e ! enemy1 g5]al pr9ciples & broad rules alone are applicable2 & ! practical k ( ^! pr9ciples & rules c only be in/ill$ by intellig5t in/ruction & con/antly div]sifi$ ex]cises on brok5 gr\nd4 #b4 ,9 no two milit>y op]ations is ! situation exactly ! same4 ,! "* ( ! gr\nd1 ! ext5t ( ! co-op]ation ( ! o!r arms1 ! /r5g? & moral ( ! oppos+ =ces1 _! physical condition1 & ! objects !y wi% to a*ieve mu/ always diff]4 #c4 ,! attitude orig9ally assum$ by ei!r1 or bo?1 ( ! oppos+ =ces1 may be rev]s$ dur+ an engagem5t4 ,a vigor\s c\nt]-attack by an army (f]+ battle 9 a def5sive position may ?r[ ! adv]s>y on ! def5sive2 or an assailant may fight a delay+ or reta9+ action 9 "o "p ( ! field1 :ile 9 ano!r "p 8 action may be ess5tially (f5sive2 b ^! & o!r v>iations 9 a combat resolve !mselves 9 e case into attack & def5ce4 #d4 ,s9ce ! conditions ( mod]n w>f>e r5d] dec5tralisation ( comm& 9 action an absolute necessity1 no good results are to be expect$ unless ! subord9ate lead]s h be5 tra9$ to use _! intellig5ce1 & unless !y h be5 giv5 ample opportunities ( act+ on _! own judgm5t 9 attack & def5ce1 & h con/antly1 9 peace practices1 be5 call$ ^u to consid] ! necessity ( dep>t+ f _! orig9al ord]s4 ,nor c ! results be good if comm&+ (fic]s fail to realise ! v limit$ ext5t to :i* !y are able to ex]t _! p[]s ( comm& "u fire1 & if1 9 peace1 !y attempt to ex]cise a p]sonal control :i* w\ld be impossible 9 action4 ,!y %\ld be mo/ c>eful1 !re=e1 to act 9 peace practices exactly z !y w\ld 9 w>1 & ab/a9 f all int]f]5ce :i* w\ld be impracticable "u fire4 #e4 ,dur+ ! combat1 z at all o!r times1 ! comm&] ( e body ( troops is responsible = ! local protection ( 8 comm& aga9/ surprise4 #f4 ,ample in=mation1 bo? be=e & dur+ an engagem5t1 is s exce$+ly important t me?odical & complete arrangem5ts %\ld be made to obta9 x4 ,no?+ %\ld be left to *ance4 ,all available means %\ld be employ$4 ,9 e comm& "s simple me?od ( collect+ & transmitt+ reports %\ld be e/abli%$ & ! sy/em %\ld h be5 practis$ be=eh&4 #abe4 ,position & ,duties ( ,lead]s 9 ,action4 #a4 ,! difficulties ( comm& are mu* increas$ by ! fact t ! lead] c no long] p]sonally control & direct all ranks by ^w ( m\?1 & t ev5 "u long range fire ! m\nt$ (fic]s mu/ (t5 dism\nt4 #b4 ,dur+ ! fight1 ! comm&] ( a consid]able body ( infantry c only influ5ce ! c\rse ( ! action by ! employm5t ( 8 res]ve4 ,nev]!less1 ! influ5ce ( ! comm&]1 if ex]t$ 9 ! prop] mann]1 viz41 by means ( cle>1 compreh5sive1 & concise ord]s1 fram$ aft] c>eful reconnaissance1 made kn[n to all ! subord9ate lead]s1 & provid+ = ! comb9$ & simultane\s action ( 8 :ole =ce1 w be v great4 #c4 ,! comm&]'s position w1 z a rule1 be select$ s t he c obta9 an ext5sive view4 ,x %\ld be suffici5tly c5tral to facilitate ! receipt ( reports & ! issue ( ord]s4 ,! subord9ate lead]s w take po/ :]e !y c be/ ex]cise sup]vision ov] _! comm&s1 wat* ! enemy1 & receive & transmit ord]s4 #d4 ,keep+ 9 view ! p>am\nt importance ( dec5tralisation ( comm&1 x is ess5tial t sup]ior (fic]s1 includ+ battalion comm&]s1 %\ld nev] trespass on ! prop] sph]e ( action ( _! subord9ates4 ,p]sonal example has und\bt$ly an extraord9>y influ5ce1 especially "u heavy fire1 & !re are times :5 e o!r consid]ation mu/ be sacrific$ to lead+ or /eady+ ! troops4 ,b any attempt to ex]cise p]sonal control ov] all portions ( ! =ce mu/ inevitably lead to ! neglect ( o!r duties1 su* z fe$+ ! fir+ l9e at ! "r place & "t1 protect+ ! flanks1 meet+ c\nt]-attacks1 report+ to1 or communicat+ )1 ! sup]ior comm&]1 & ma9ta9+ connection ) adjo9+ units4 ,moreov]1 all unnecess>y *anges ( position by an (fic] comm&+ any consid]able body ( troops are to be deprecat$1 z int]f]+ ) ! timely reception & transmission ( reports & ord]s4 #e4 ,no great success c be expect$ 9 w>1 nor is x possible to develop ! p[]s ( judgm5t 9 peace1 unless ea* lead] is all[$ ample latitude 9 *oos+ ! means t he consid]s be/ adapt$ = deal+ ) tactical situations4 ,x is only :5 8 me?ods are manife/ly wrong t !re %\ld be int]f]5ce2 & x is always to be rememb]$1 9 peace practice1 t :ile neglig5ce1 =getfulness1 & disob$i5ce call = ! sev]e/ c5sure1 errors ( judgm5t %\ld be treat$ diff]5tly4 ,x is ?r\gh mi/akes1 po9t$ out & expla9$ by compet5t au?ority1 t future error is avoid$ & a capacity = correct & rapid decision is develop$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 indep5d5ce :i* neglects ! object indicat$ 9 ! ord]s ( ! sup]ior1 disreg>ds ! importance ( co-op]ation1 & imp]ils1 )\t reason1 ! unity ( comm&1 mu/ be firmly repress$4 #abf4 ,fire ,action4 #a4 ,! atta9m5t ( sup]iority ( fire is a necess>y prelim9>y to ! a*ievem5t ( decisive success4 ,fire sup]iority may be obta9$1 o!r factors be+ equal1 by sup]iority ( numb]s1 bett] lead]%ip1 m p]fect armam5t1 great] accuracy ( fire2 bett] use ( cov]2 surprise4 ,troops %\ld1 z a g5]al pr9ciple1 seek to secure sup]iority ( fire by accuracy r ?an rapidity1 b z rapid fire c produce great results 9 a %ort space ( "t1 circum/ances w (t5 occur :i* w ju/ify ! l>ge exp5diture ( ammunition :i* its employm5t dem&s4 #b4 ,an intellig5t di/ribution ( fire is ( ! fir/ importance4 ,= example1 conc5tration ( fire is ( great value1 & :5 !re is a *oice ( t>gets1 pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to t :i*1 at ! mom5t1 is ( ! greate/ tactical importance4 ,! great rang+ p[] ( ! rifle w also frequ5tly af=d opportunities ( conc5trat+ fire f a wide frontage on to important localities1 & ( direct+ an effective oblique or enfilade fire aga9/ portions ( ! enemy's l9e4 ,ev5 :5 ! enemy is invisible he may be subject$ to consid]able loss by direct+ fire s z to sweep ! gr\nd ( :i* he is kn[n to be 9 possession4 #c4 ,! long] ! range ! great] w be ! volume ( fire necess>y to produce effect1 & ! m important w be an accurate k ( ! di/ance4 #d4 ,economy ( ammunition %\ld be effect$ n by limit+ fire :5 ne$$1 b by judici\sly tim+ its use1 & by res]v+ x altoge!r if no advantage is to be ga9$4 ,pauses 9 fire are necess>y bo? = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ control1 & = ! regulation ( exp5diture ( ammunition2 moreov]1 sudd5 bur/s ( fire w produce great] results ?an sl[ cont9u\s fire4 #e4 ,! control ( fire is 9 ! h&s ( ! company comm&]s & _! subord9ates4 ,to ! company comm&]1 z a g5]al rule1 mu/ be left ! *oice ( ! mom5t ( op5+ fire1 b to ! half-company1 section & squad lead]s1 :o w be 9 ! fir+ l9e1 mu/ be left ! *oice ( t>gets4 ,!y %\ld always be> 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t if an exceptionally fav\rable t>get pres5ts itself fire %\ld at once be op5$1 not)/&+ ! fact t no ord]s h be5 receiv$4 ,! only exception to ?is rule is :5 ord]s h be5 giv5 t fire is to be )held until ! enemy comes )9 a c]ta9 range4 #abg4 ,fire ,discipl9e4 ,fire discipl9e means /rict att5tion to ! signals & ord]s ( ! comm&]1 comb9$ ) intellig5t obs]vation ( ! enemy4 ,x ensures ! c>eful adju/m5t ( ! sight1 delib]ate aim1 economy ( ammunition1 & prompt cessation ( fire :5 ! t>get disappe>s1 or ! lead] s\nds 8 :i/le4 ,x requires ( ! m5 endurance ( ! enemy's fire1 ev5 :5 no reply is possible2 &1 :5 sup]ior control no long] exi/s1 a cool & intellig5t use ( ! rifle4 #abh4 ,ranges4 ,t]ms appli$ to ,rifle4 ,field ,art4 ,heavy ,batt]ies4 ranges4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,y>ds4 ,y>ds4 ,y>ds4 ,di/ant #b1hjj to #b1jjj #f1jjj to #d1ejj #aj1jjj to #f1jjj4 ,long #b1jjj to #a1djj #d1ejj to #c1ejj #f1jjj to #d1jjj4 ,effective #a1djj to #fjj #c1ejj to #b1jjj #d1jjj to #b1ejj4 ,decisive #fjj & "u #b1jjj & "u #b1ejj & "u4 ,! extreme wid? ( ! area ( gr\nd /ruck by ! bullets ( an effective %rapnel is ab\t #be y>ds4 ,! limit ( ! =w>d effect ( %rapnel at effective range on level gr\nd is ab\t #cjj y>ds4 ,! radius ( ! explosion ( a high explosive %ell is ab\t #be y>ds4 ,,! ,,attack4 ,,nature ,,( ,,an ,,(f5sive ,,action4 ,! normal type ( an (f5sive battle is a me?odical progression f po9t to po9t1 ea* successive capture weak5+ ! enemy's hold on 8 ma9 position1 & pav+ ! way = a fur!r advance2 & ea* successive advance be+ delib]ately prep>$ & sy/ematically c>ri$ out4 #abi4 ,di/ribution ( ,infantry 9 ! ,attack4 #a4 ,infantry1 :e!r 9 ! hold+ or 9 ! ma9 attack1 is =m$ into ?ree bodies1 di/ribut$ 9 dep?3-- ,! fir/ to develop ! attack4 ,?is portion w be divid$ into ,sc\ts & ,fir+ ,l9e1 portions ( :i* may be kept back z ,supports until requir$4 ,! second to re9=ce1 &1 if possible1 to complete ! attack4 ,?is portion w consi/ ( ,res]ves 9 ! h&s ( battalion1 brigade & o!r comm&]s4 ,! ?ird to be employ$1 if necess>y1 9 complet+ an attack1 to confirm a success1 or meet an un=ese5 em]g5cy4 ,?is portion is t]m$ ! ,g5]al ,res]ve1 & rema9s at ! disposal ( ! comm&] ( ! :ole =ce4 #b4 ,! ,g5]al ,res]ve %\ld only 9 v special circum/ances fall %ort ( a qu>t] ( ! body to :i* x belongs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! lead+ body ( infantry %\ld be z small z possible1 &1 exclusive ( ! supports1 %\ld seldom exce$ a qu>t] ( ! :ole4 #acj4 ,prelim9>y ,measures4 #a4 ,:ile ! comm&]1 "u cov] ( ! advanc$ gu>d1 is reconnoitr+ ! position1 ! infantry ( ! ma9 body w receive ord]s f him to occupy a position ( assembly 7i4e41 a position out ( range1 & if possible1 out ( sight71 & w assume a prep>atory =mation4 #b4 ,z a g5]al rule1 a portion ( ! =ce w be told (f to hold ! enemy1 ano!r portion to deliv] ! decisive attack1 & sometimes a ?ird portion to di/ract ! enemy's att5tion by fe9ts4 #c4 ,x is g5]ally ess5tial t attacks %\ld be deliv]$ aga9/ front & flank simultane\sly4 ,! moral effect ( a flank attack is s great t ! ma9 ef=t w usually be made aga9/ ! flank4 #d4 ,x is advisable t ! arrangem5ts = ! flank attack %\ld be made z soon z ! enemy's position has be5 reconnoitr$1 & ! =ce detail$ = ! op]ation mov$ (f to a position ( assembly :5ce x c move directly on ! objective4 ,surprise is s important an elem5t 9 outflank+ attacks1 t e advantage %\ld be tak5 ( ! gr\nd to conceal ! movem5t to ?is position ( assembly ev5 if ! m>* be some:at l5g!n$4 ,! sc\ts %\ld be in/ruct$ to be m ?an usually c>eful to keep out ( sight4 #e4 ,! ord]s = ! attack w usually be issu$ :5 ! troops are 9 ! position ( assembly2 m r>ely :5 !y are 9 column ( r\te4 ,9 bo? cases ! proc$ure w be ! same4 ,! subord9ate comm&]s w be call$ up & receive _! in/ructions2 & ! =ce told (f into ?ree di/9ct bodies1 z laid d[n 9 ,s4 #abi4 #f4 ,! mod]n conditions :i* obta9 on ! battlefield t5d to prolong ! duration ( an action1 & x may be sev]al days be=e ei!r side c ga9 a sub/antial advantage ov] its adv]s>y4 ,9 su* cases arrangem5ts w h to be made = /r5g!n+ localities ga9$1 s5d+ up ammunition1 food1 & wat] to ! fir+ l9e1 & = replac+ exhau/$ troops dur+ ! night4 #aca4 ,issue ( ,ord]s4 #a4 ,be=e assum+ =mation = attack e comm&] w c>efully expla9 to 8 subord9ates :at _! p>ticul> task is4 ,! (fic] comm&+ w draw att5tion to any positions or peculi>ities ( gr\nd he int5ds to turn to acc\nt dur+ ! advance1 indicate ! arrangem5ts to be made = a cov]+ fire1 & prescribe1 :5 necess>y1 :i* portion ( ! =ce is to direct4 ,he w po9t out any gr\nd :i* might fav\r c\nt]-attack4 #b4 ,v]bal explanations %\ld1 if possible1 be giv5 :5 ! enemy's position fir/ comes )9 view1 & ! comm&]s ( all ranks giv5 an opportunity ( be+ %[n _! objectives1 ( scrut9is+ ! gr\nd1 & expla9+ ! situation to _! subord9ates4 #c4 ,:5 ! objectives _c be se5 f ! spot :]e ! troops receive _! ord]s1 or :]e1 f ! "* ( ! int]v5+ c\ntry ! objectives _c be cle>ly se5 ?r\gh ! advance1 or :5 det\rs to avoid impassable gr\nd h to be made1 ! direction ( ! attack %\ld be di/9ctly /at$ by ref]5ce to a map :5 possible1 & ! compass be>+ ( x giv54 ,/aff (fic]s1 or o!rs acqua9t$ ) ! gr\nd may also be employ$ to guide ! columns4 #d4 ,= fur!r in/ructions on ?is subject see 8,comb9$ ,tra9+10 ,s4 #aae4 #e4 ,x is important t a complete sy/em ( signall+ betwe5 all p>ts ( an attack+ =ce1 9 addition to o!r me?ods ( communication1 %\ld be arrang$1 ,s4 #abd 7#f74 #acb4 ,duties ( ! sev]al bodies4 #a4 ,sc\ts1 ,fir+ ,l9e & ,supports4--,! duties ( ! sc\ts are detail$ 9 ,s4 #hg4 ,:5 sc\ts c advance no f>!r !y w lie /ill until absorb$ by ! advanc+ fir+ l9e4 ,! duties ( ! fir+ l9e are to ga9 gr\nd to ! front1 &1 if *eck$ by a sup]ior fire1 to hold on until re9=c$4 ,! supports re9=ce ! fir+ l9e z soon z ! latt] c make no fur!r progress4 ,x is undesirable t all ! supports %\ld be ?r[n into ! fir+ l9e simultane\sly4 ,x w v (t5 happ5 t only c]ta9 portions ( ! fir+ l9e are h>d press$ or unable to advance1 :il/ dur+ ! advance to decisive range a cr[d ( m5 9 ! fir+ l9e is always to be avoid$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 c]ta9 conditions1 especially on v op5 gr\nd1 to hold back at ! outset portions ( ! =ce allott$ to ! fir+ l9e may result 9 _! n be+ able to g =w>d at all :5 requir$ to re9=ce1 or 9 s]i\s losses :5 do+ s4 #b4 ,! ,res]ves4--,! res]ves provide ! re9=cem5ts requir$ to br+ ! fir+ l9e up to its maximum d5sity ( "o rifle p] y>d1 & to ma9ta9 x at su* until a sup]iority ( fire ov] ! def5ce has be5 ga9$2 a portion ( ! res]ves %\ld be held 9 h&1 if possible1 to furni% ! fur!r re9=cem5ts & impetus necess>y to deliv] ! assault1 ,s4 #acg4 ,! res]ves w also cov] ! advance ( ! fir+ l9e by long range fire1 :]ev] ! gr\nd w admit ( x2 :5 opportunity occurs !y br+ an outflank+ fire on ! enemy's position2 !y protect ! flanks aga9/ c\nt]-attack2 &1 9 addition1 may be call$ on to supply a fre% fir+ l9e aft] a successful assault1 %\ld ! enemy take up a second position4 #c4 ,! ,g5]al ,res]ves4--,?is =ce1 :i* is "u ! direct control ( ! comm&] ( ! :ole =ce1 is to be employ$ to meet ev5tualities2 x %\ld be prep>$ to meet c\nt]-attacks1 & 9 ! case ( success to m>* rapidly to ! front to take up ! pursuit2 9 ! case ( a rev]se ! g5]al res]ves may s]ve z a rally+ po9t1 b be=e decid+ to hold back su* portion ( 8 =ce = ?is purpose1 ! comm&] mu/ consid] :e!r he _c a*ieve success by employ+ ! :ole ( 8 available =ce 9 break+ d[n ! def5ce4 ,a comm&] c only ex]cise a direct influ5ce on 8 comm& s long z he reta9s at 8 disposal a portion ( 8 =ce ) :i* to meet ! v>y+ cont+5cies ( an engagem5t4 ,if he keeps 9 8 own h&s a /rong res]ve1 he w h x 9 8 p[] to take in/ant advantage ( any mi/ake ! enemy may commit1 to re/ore ! battle %\ld ! lead+ troops meet ) a s]i\s *eck1 to meet a c\nt]-attack1 or1 9 case ( ne$1 to provide ! additional /r5g? requir$ to drive ! attack home4 #acc4 ,infantry ,=mations ) ,reg>d to ,fire4 #a4 ,beyond di/ant ranges =mations 9 l9es ( columns are g5]ally conv5i5t = infantry ab\t to attack4 ,at long ranges infantry 9 l>ge deep columns (f] a bett] t>get to ho/ile fire ?an :5 9 l9e4 ,b troops 9 l9es ( small columns are less vuln]able ?an :5 9 l9e1 z !y are able to take m advantage ( ! gr\nd4 ,at effective ranges troops 9 any =mation except l9es ( skirmi%]s w suff] heavy losses4 ,at decisive ranges ! ext5d$ l9e mu/ be consid]ably re9=c$ 9 ord] to br+ an effective fire to be> aga9/ ! def5ce1 = no advance c be made )9 ?is zone until ! enemy's fire is greatly %ak54 #b4 ,x may be conclud$1 !n1 t infantry attack+ a well arm$ enemy across op5 gr\nd w1 9 ! initial /ages ( ! attack1 be 9 l9es ( company columns1 :i*1 z effective ranges are approa*$1 w give way to l9es ( skirmi%]s widely ext5d$2 & t z decisive ranges are approa*$ & x becomes necess>y to break d[n ! enemy's fire1 to enable any fur!r advance to be made )\t undue loss1 ! fir+ l9e w h to be re9=c$ until ev5tually1 9 ord] to obta9 ! maximum fire effect & ?us e/abli% a sup]iority ( fire1 x conta9s z _m m5 z c use _! rifles effectively4 #acd4 ,fire4 #a4 ,z a g5]al pr9ciple troops %\ld1 if possible1 n be laun*$ to ! decisive attack unless _! movem5ts c be cov]$ by ! fire action ( o!r bodies specially told (f = ?is purpose1 & po/$ 9 su* a position t !y c wat* ! progress ( ! attack4 ,! fire ( su* bodies w necess>ily be deliv]$ at long range4 ,! fir+ l9e1 h[ev]1 %\ld endeav\r be=e op5+ fire to advance z close to ! enemy's position z possible consi/5t ) n suff]+ undue losses4 ,! actual di/ance at :i* fire %\ld be op5$ mu/ dep5d on ! effect ( ! enemy's fire4 ,m9or losses may be accept$1 b soon] or lat]1 accord+ z ! gr\nd is fav\rable or unfav\rable1 ! sev]ity ( ! enemy's fire w r5d] a reply imp]ative4 #b4 ,to enable ! attack to be prosecut$ x is cle> t f ?is mom5t ! ho/ile fire mu/ be met by fire ( great] p[]1 its int5sity & duration be+ dep5d5t on ! effect produc$4 ,moreov]1 f ?is po9t =w>d movem5t w1 z a rule1 be cont+5t on ! mutual fire support af=d$ to "o ano!r by neighb\r+ bodies1 & on ! effects produc$ by ! cov]+ fire br\ght to be> on ! enemy's l9e :5ev] ! gr\nd admits ( su* action1 by supports1 res]ves & ! troops specially told (f = ?is purpose4 ,cov]+ fire %\ld be deliv]$ s z to /rike ! enemy1 di/urb 8 aim1 & compel him to seek %elt] :5 ! assailant is expos$ or 9 difficulties4 ,9 su* circum/ances int5sity ( fire is ( ! fir/ importance2 b fire %\ld be res]v$ :5 ! assailant's progress is satisfactory1 or :5 he is "u cov]4 #c4 ,x has be5 /at$ t ! assailant 9 a decisive attack %\ld1 except 9 ! case ( troops detail$ = cov]+ fire1 res]ve 8 fire = ^? ranges at :i* fire action is likely to be mo/ effective1 b 9 c]ta9 circum/ances x may be advantage\s to comm5ce fir+ at long range4 ,= example3-- 7i7 ,by troops engag$ 9 a flank attack1 9 ord] to secure ! advantages ( enfilade fire4 7ii7 ,:5 a fav\rable t>get pres5ts itself4 7iii7 ,9 a hold+1 or demon/rative action1 to prev5t ! enemy f *ang+ 8 position1 or to deceive him z to ! true objective4 7iv7 ,to conc5trate a p[]ful fire f an ext5d$ frontage on an important locality 9 ! ho/ile position4 7v7 ,to oblige ! enemy to expose 8 dispositions4 7vi7 ,9 pursuit4 7vii7 ,9 siege w>f>e1 to h>ass ! enemy4 #d4 ,long range fire requires a l>ge exp5diture ( ammunition1 & x is necess>y1 if x is to produce a correspond+ effect1 & if wa/e ( c>tridges is to be avoid$1 t x %\ld be c>efully controll$ & conc5trat$1 & t ! di/ance %\ld be accurately asc]ta9$2 or if ?is is n possible1 t a consid]able dep? ( gr\nd %\ld be ev5ly swept by fire by ! use ( comb9$ sights4 #ace4 ,co-op]ation betwe5 ,artill]y & ,infantry 9 ! ,attack4 #a4 ,bo? 9 attack & def5ce ! mo/ intimate co-op]ation betwe5 ! artill]y & infantry mu/ be aim$ at1 if ! latt] are to d]ive ! full advantage ( ! support ( ! =m]4 ,9 ! prelim9>y /ages ( ! attack ! advance ( ! infantry w draw ! fire ( ! def5ce & ?us f9d a t>get = ! artill]y1 :il/ ! fire ( ! latt]1 comb9$ ) t ( o!r cov]+ bodies1 w enable ! fir+ l9e to approa* 9 ext5d$ ord] t[>ds ! enemy's position )\t undue loss4 #b4 ,9 ! subsequ5t fire action ! artill]y & infantry mu/ co-op]ate 9 %ak+ ! fire ( ! def5ce s z to admit ( ! fur!r advances ( ! fir+ l9e1 :i* %\ld take advantage ( ! slack5+ ( ! fire ( ! def5ce1 caus$ by ! fire ( ! quick fir+ artill]y cov]+ ! advance1 to pu% 9 clos] to ! enemy's position4 #c4 ,at ! crisis ( ! engagem5t1 prep>atory to ! assault1 ! artill]y & infantry mu/ comb9e to br+ ! heavie/ possible fire to be> aga9/ ! po9t or po9ts aga9/ :i* x is propos$ to drive home ! attack1 9 ord] t a sup]iority ( fire ov] ! def5ce may be rapidly e/abli%$2 & at no o!r "t is ! close co-op]ation s important1 if ! full effect ( ! two arms is to be obta9$4 #acf4 ,! ,decisive ,attack4 ,! proc$ure ( ! troops engag$ 9 ! decisive attack is gov]n$ by ! foll[+ pr9ciples3-- #a4 ,success l>gely dep5ds on ! close & intellig5t co-op]ation ( all p>ts ( ! =ce engag$1 & ! attacks deliv]$ by diff]5t portions ( ! =ce %\ld z a rule be simultane\s1 = ?is purpose communication betwe5 !m mu/ be c>efully ma9ta9$4 #b4 ,! ma9 object ( ! attack is to atta9 a sup]iority ( fire by e/abli%+ ! /ronge/ possible fir+ l9e1 on good fire positions )9 decisive range ( ea* objective1 prep>atory1 if necess>y1 to captur+ x by an assault4 ,:e!r ! objective be ! def5d]s ma9 position1 or an advanc$ position1 ! attack w be conduct$ on ! same pr9ciple4 #c4 ,to rea* decisive range ) z little loss z possible1 ! advance1 :i* w be cov]$ by ! fire ( ! artill]y & res]ves1 %\ld be rapid & en]getic1 & be made 9 successive l9es ( skirmi%]s widely ext5d$ & prec$$ by sc\ts2 ! fir+ l9e %\ld avoid op5+ fire until ei!r ! def5d]s1 or _! position1 c be cle>ly di/+ui%$1 if ! results are to ju/ify ! delay & exp5diture ( ammunition entail$2 :5 once ?is po9t is rea*$1 ! fir/ l9e ( skirmi%]s %\ld be re9=c$ 9 ord] t ! fire may be effective1 ,s4 #acd 7#b74 ,! fur!r advance w n[ be a matt] ( ! greate/ difficulty1 = ! re9=c$ fir+ l9e w (f] a consid]able t>get to ! def5d]s1 & t at decisive range2 x w only be possible to approa* clos] to ! enemy :5 ! movem5t ( "o portion ( ! fir+ l9e is support$ by ! fire ( ! rema9d]1 b :e!r ! advance to ! next fire positions is to be made by alt]nate ru%es ( complete portions ( ! fir+ l9e1 or by pu%+ =w>d a few ext5d$ m5 z f a fre% />t+ po9t1 cov]$ by ! fire ( ! re/1 & gradually re9=c+ !m1 ?us build+ up a fre% fir+ l9e1 mu/ dep5d on v>y+ circum/ances su* z ! nature ( ! gr\nd & ! volume ( ! enemy's fire1 & ! *oice ( me?od mu/ !re=e be left to subord9ate comm&]s1 :o alone w possess any control at ?is /age ( ! fight4 #d4 ,on op5 gr\nd & at effective ranges long l9es ( m5 ris+ simultane\sly1 & mak+ ev5 %ort ru%es =w>d1 w g5]ally suff] heavi] losses ?an small bodies sudd5ly mov+ =w>d1 z ! latt] surprise ! enemy1 & ?us = a "t avoid 8 aim$ fire4 ,! ru% %\ld be cont9u$ only z long z ! surprise la/s4 ,! clos] ! ranges1 ! %ort] %\ld be ! ru%es4 #e4 ,x is by no means necess>y t ! fir+ l9e %\ld be ev]y:]e ( ! same d5sity4 ,x is f cov]$ positions t fire is mo/ effective2 & x is at ^! po9ts1 !re=e1 t =ce %\ld be conc5trat$4 #f4 ,! fir+ l9e1 :i* w be cont9ually /r5g!n$ by successive re9=cem5ts1 w ?us fight its way =w>d until ! imm$iate objective is envelop$1 or p>tially envelop$1 at ! close/ range by a /rong fir+ l9e1 :i*1 9 comb9ation ) ! artill]y w br+ z p[]ful a fire z possible to be> aga9/ ! def5ce1 9 ord] to rapidly e/abli% a sup]iority ( fire prep>atory to ! assault4 #g4 ,positions af=d+ cov] 9 advance ( ! enemy's ma9 position1 :i* may be seiz$ or occupi$1 %\ld1 if necess>y1 be put 9 a /ate ( def5ce2 "h ! troops w re-=m & a fur!r advance made by repeat+ ! process ( attack aga9/ ! next objective1 z f a fre% />t+ po9t4 #acg4 ,! ,assault4 ,z soon z x becomes evid5t t sup]iority ( fire has be5 atta9$1 :i* is g5]ally made kn[n by movem5ts to ! re> along ! enemy's l9e1 or by ! decreas+ accuracy & volume ( 8 fire1 ! troops detail$ to drive home ! attack w close 9 on ! fir+ l9e1 & c>ry x =w>d to ! assault4 ,! signal = ?is decisive movem5t %\ld1 z a rule1 come f ! s5ior (fic]s pres5t1 & be s\nd$ on ! bugle4 ,b ! me?od ( advance mu/ be left to ! company (fic]s1 = at su* %ort range x is n possible to transmit ! necess>y ord]s all along ! l9e4 ,dur+ ! deliv]y ( ! assault on ! enemy's position1 ! m5 w *e]1 bugles be s\nd$1 & ! pipes play$4 ,if ! assault is successful1 ! attack+ troops %\ld pursue ! enemy ) _! fire & re-=m = a fur!r advance4 #ach4 ,rally+ & ,r$i/ribution4 ,aft] ea* successful assault1 ! task ( rally+ ! m51 & ( =m+ a def5sive l9e until ! advance c be resum$1 w g5]ally fall to ! subord9ate lead]s4 ,?is w be mu* facilitat$ if !re are bodies 9 re>1 well 9 h&1 :i* c be s5t =w>d to c>ry on ! attack1 &1 z may sometimes be possible1 ru% ! enemy's second position be=e he has recov]$ f ! loss ( ! fir/4 ,all important po9ts won %\ld be at once plac$ 9 a /ate ( def5ce1 ) a view to s]v+ z support+ po9ts = a fre% advance1 ,s4 #acf 7#g71 & 8,comb9$ ,tra9+10 ,s4 #abb4 #aci4 ,hold+ ,attacks4 #a4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! enemy f re9=c+ t portion ( 8 l9e aga9/ :i* x is int5d$ to drive home ! decisive attack1 o!r portions ( 8 l9e1 & p>ticul>ly t portion ne> :i* 8 res]ves are believ$ to be1 mu/ be ?reat5$ or held by a display ( =ce4 ,9 ord] to mislead ! enemy z to ! direction ( ! ma9 attack1 & to prev5t him1 :5 ! crisis ( ! fight approa*es1 f ?9n+ ^? portions ( ! l9e :i* are only ?reat5$1 & meet+ ! decisive attack ) ne>ly 8 :ole /r5g?1 ! troops engag$ 9 ! hold+ attack mu/ act ) vig\r :5 ! attack develops1 & be prep>$ to conv]t _! demon/ration into a real attack z soon z ! "r mom5t arrives4 #b4 ,^! troops mu/ !re=e be 9 suffici5t /r5g? to enable !m to advance aga9/ ! enemy's position ) a good *ance ( success4 ,z a rule1 x w be advisable 9 ! prelim9>y /ages ( ! action to ext5d ! fir+-l9e at wide int]vals1 to keep ! re9=c+ l9es well back1 &1 ow+ to ! dang] ( a c\nt]-attack1 n to p]mit ! fir+-l9e1 unless ! gr\nd is peculi>ly fav\rable1 to advance )9 decisive range1 ,s4 #ade 7#b74 ,sudd5 outbur/s ( heavy fire at diff]5t po9ts1 & ! use ( ma*9e guns1 w give effect to demon/rations4 #adj4 ,fe9ts4 ,fe9ts are 9 _! nature mu* l hold+ attacks1 b are usually c>ri$ out by small =ces :i* h little (f5sive p[]4 ,! fe9t %\ld n be made prematurely1 o!rwise its true "* w become app>5t to ! enemy too soon4 ,! endeav\r ( ! comm&] ( a p>ty told (f to fe9t w be to div]t ! enemy's att5tion f ! locality :5ce ! decisive attack w be laun*$4 ,he %\ld be all[$ great indep5d5ce 9 action4 #ada4 ,flank ,attacks4 ,troops told (f to outflank ! enemy w g5]ally act on id5tically ! same l9es z ^? detail$ to assail ! front1 =1 z a rule1 flank attacks are locally frontal attacks4 ,! v fact t he is be+ attack$ simultane\sly f two diff]5t directions1 t 8 l9e ( retreat is ?reat5$1 & t a "p ( 8 =ce is expos$ to enfilade fire1 mu/ h a mo/ s]i\s effect on ! enemy's moral1 & consequ5tly on ! accuracy ( 8 aim1 & ! promptitude ( 8 manuvres2 :il/ ! new front w probably n be s /rong naturally z ! ma9 front4 ,! flank ( a position %\ld1 !re=e1 be ! object ( p>ticul> att5tion4 ,if ! =ce detail$ = an outflank+ movem5t actually succe$s 9 plac+ itself 9 prolongation ( ! enemy's l9e1 be=e he c *ange position1 or :ile he is 9 ! act ( *ang+ position1 a surprise w h be5 effect$1 & if ! opportunity is utilis$ ) due vig\r1 an imm$iate & ov]:elm+ success %\ld be ! result4 #adb4 ,surprises4 ,if ! enemy is surpris$1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance to rea* decisive range z rapidly z possible1 & to increase ! demoralisation :i* ! surprise w h already produc$ by press+ =w>d to close qu>t]s ) ! greate/ en]gy4 ,9 su* conditions1 ! delib]ate advance f cov] to cov]1 & ! gradual build+ up1 by means ( successive re9=cem5ts1 ( a p[]ful fir+-l9e1 %\ld be disc>d$1 & ! fir+-l9e be /rong f ! v fir/4 ,nev]!less1 x w /ill be necess>y to reta9 a portion ( ! attack+ =ce 9 res]ve to meet c\nt]-attacks & un=ese5 cont+5cies4 #adc4 ,local flank+ fire4 ,! incid5ts ( a battle & ! nature ( ! gr\nd con/antly (f] opportunities1 ev5 to troops engag$ 9 a frontal attack1 = br++ an enfilade or oblique fire to be> ^u "p ( ! enemy's l9e1 ?us facilitat+ ! advance ( o!r portions ( ! attack+ =ce1 or ev5 caus+ ! evacuation ( "s important po/4 ,comm&]s ( all ranks1 !re=e1 h[ev] small ! p>ties !y comm&1 mu/ always be on ! look-out = su* opportunities ( light5+ ! task ( _! comrades4 #add4 ,=mations4 #a4 ,! prep>atory =mation ( infantry is l9e1 or l9es1 ( battalions 9 l9es ( company columns at v>y+ int]vals & di/ances4 #b4 ,aft] leav+ ! position ( assembly1 =mations w be regulat$ by comm&]s 9 con=mity ) ! rules laid d[n 9 ,s4 #acc4 #c4 ,! fir+ l9e w1 except 9 ! prep>atory /ages ( ! attack1 be 9 skirmi%+ ord]1 ?\gh 9 ! f9al /ages ( ! attack1 prep>atory to ! assault1 ! m5 may be z close to "o ano!r z w admit ( !m us+ _! rifles effectively4 ,9 op5 gr\nd ! bodies 9 re> w also be 9 skirmi%+ ord]2 b dur+ a protract$ fight1 :5 ! fir+-l9e is mak+ sl[ progress1 (fic]s comm&+ bodies 9 re> ( ! fir+-l9e %\ld utilise all cov]1 clos+ !m suffici5tly to enable !m to execute any manuvre t may be ord]$ )\t confusion or delay4 #d4 ,9 wood$ or close c\ntry1 or :5 !re is no *ance ( com+ "u unexpect$ fire1 ! bodies 9 re> ( ! fir+-l9e may move 9 l9es ( company columns4 #e4 ,^! bodies %\ld move 9 z compact a =mation z ! nature ( ! gr\nd all[s2 b ! importance ( a rapid ext5sion to ! front %\ld always be held 9 view4 ,battalions or companies e*elon$ to ! re> 9 ord] to protect a flank %\ld adopt a =mation :i* w enable !m to *ange direction 9 ord] to meet cavalry or c\nt]-attack ) ! utmo/ rapidity4 #ade4 ,frontage4 #a4 ,! frontage occupi$ 9 attack+1 hav+ reg>d to ! fact t ! position %\ld be envelop$1 mu/ z a rule be great] ?an t ( ! def5ce4 ,x is unnecess>y1 h[ev]1 t ! attack+ =ce %\ld be 9 equal /r5g? along ! :ole front4 ,^? portions ( ! position aga9/ :i* ! ma9 attack is n direct$ %\ld be engag$ by a hold+ attack1 & ! flank :i* is n to be s]i\sly attack$ may be obs]v$ or m]ely ?reat5$ by a fe9t4 ,troops engag$ 9 hold+ attacks & fe9ts %\ld try to deceive ! enemy z to _! real /r5g?4 ,!y may occupy1 !re=e1 a comp>atively wid] front ?an ! troops detail$ = ! decisive attack4 #b4 ,troops engag$ 9 a decisive attack mu/ foll[ a diff]5t proc$ure4 ,! object is to e/abli% ! /ronge/ possible fir+-l9e at decisive range f ! position1 ,s4 #aec 7#a74 ,aga9/ a weak enemy1 h[ev]1 or an enemy hold+ an expos$ position1 or :5 ! advance is cov]$ by a v sup]ior artill]y fire1 ! frontage allott$ to a battalion may be great] ?an "u normal conditions4 ,b x is always to be borne 9 m9d t troops ext5d$ at v wide int]vals are peculi>ly susceptible to c\nt]-attack1 & t _! attack is c]ta9 to lose 9 vig\r & resolution4 #c4 ,9 ! case ( a company1 or small =ce1 attack+ indep5d5tly ! m5 ne$ n be s close z 9 ! case ( l>g] =ces4 #adf4 ,di/ances4 #a4 ,! di/ances betwe5 ! sev]al bodies 9 :i* troops are di/ribut$ = attack dep5d ^u ! nature ( ! gr\nd1 & ! weapons ( ! enemy1 & !y mu/ be fix$ by ! (fic]s 9 imm$iate comm&4 #b4 ,! sc\ts %\ld be suffici5tly f> 9 advance (1 & on ! expos$ flanks (1 ! fir+-l9e1 to protect x f surprise4 ,9 close or undulat+ c\ntry x w be necess>y to provide = connect+ l9ks 9 ord] t !re may be no dang] ( t\* ) ! advanc$ sc\ts be+ lo/1 & ( reports1 v]bal or by signal1 fail+ to rea* ! comm&]s ( ! fir+-l9e4 ,9 wood$ c\ntry ! di/ance may be decreas$4 #c4 ,9 close c\ntry1 & 9 wood-fight+1 ! di/ances betwe5 ! sev]al bodies into :i* an attack+ =ce is divid$ %\ld seldom exce$ #bjj y>ds4 ,9 op5 gr\nd great] di/ances are necess>y1 except aga9/ a badly-arm$ enemy4 #d4 ,! di/ance ( ! g5]al res]ve %\ld be usually great] ?an t betwe5 ! o!r bodies 9 ord] t x may n be prematurely drawn into ! fight4 #e4 ,! g5]al rule is t ! troops 9 re> %\ld be br\ght clos] to ! fir+-l9e1 ! ne>] ! mom5t = ! assault approa*es4 #adg4 ,int]vals4 ,an arbitr>y rule z reg>ds int]vals is undesirable4 ,ea* portion ( ! =ce engag$ w g5]ally be told (f to attack a p>ticul> section ( ! enemy's l9e1 & ! frontage to be occupi$ by ea* left to ! discretion ( _! comm&+ (fic]s4 ,x is ess5tial t !re %\ld be a cle> und]/&+ z to responsbility = se>*+1 &1 if necess>y1 cle>+1 all dang]\s gr\nd :i* lies betwe5 units4 ,?is %\ld be notifi$ 9 ! ord]s = attack4 #adh4 ,direction & ,pace4 #a4 ,ea* unit %\ld be giv5 a po9t to move on4 ,nev]!less1 9 mov+ ?r\gh woods1 or ov] gr\nd s close t x is impracticable to fix a po9t to m>* ^u1 a unit ( direction1 :i* %\ld m>* by compass be>+1 or by "s well-def9$ l&m>k1 su* z a road or /ream1 is ! only means ( avoid+ confusion & delay1 ,s4 #aca 7#c74 #b4 ,a *ange 9 ! direction ( ! l9e ( m>* is effect$ by giv+ a fre% po9t or po9ts to move on4 #c4 ,:5 once a fir+-l9e has be5 =m$1 a *ange ( direction "u fire w be effect$ ei!r z describ$ 9 ,s4 #dh1 or by =m+ a new fir+-l9e 9 ! requir$ direction f ! troops 9 re>1 ! old fir+-l9e be+ )drawn4 #d4 ,undue rapidity t5ds to exhau/ ! m51 & ?us impair ! accuracy ( _! fire4 ,dur+ ! e>li] /ages ( ! attack1 ! ord9>y pace %\ld1 !re=e1 be ma9ta9$4 #e4 ,:5 ! def5d]'s fire beg9s to tell s]i\sly ! advance mu/ be cont9u$ accord+ to circum/ances z laid d[n 9 ,s4 #acf 7#c74 #adi4 ,ma*9e ,guns4 #a4 ,! effective use ( a ma*9e gun dep5ds on ! promptitude ( its comm&] 9 utilis+ opportunities :i* are1 z a rule1 v brief4 #b4 ,ma*9e guns =m an integral "p ( ! battalion to :i* !y belong1 & w1 z a rule1 be employ$ "u ! ord]s ( its comm&]4 ,?is %\ld n1 h[ev]1 prev5t g5]al (fic]s comm&+ brigades f deta*+ ma*9e guns f _! battalions1 especially 9 ! case ( res]ve battalions1 & employ+ !m ei!r mass$ or 9 gr\ps %\ld ! tactical situation s dem&4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t :5 mass$ _! position w be m easily discov]$1 & !y w =m a l>ge & vuln]able t>get = ! enemy's fire4 #c4 ,ma*9e guns may be employ$ ) advantage 9 ! attack 9 ! foll[+ conditions3-- 7i7 ,to cov] ! advance ( ! fir+ l9e by engag+ ! enemy f positions 9 close support ( x4 ,! gun %\ld g5]ally be reg>d$ z a long range weapon & 9 ord9>y op5 gr\nd x w\ld r>ely be advisable to pu% x into ! fir+ l9e1 :]e x w\ld (f] a conspicu\s t>get to ! fire ( ! enemy1 b 9 a brok5 or enclos$ c\ntry1 :]e ! gun c\ld be br\ght up "u cov]1 occasions may arise :]e x c\ld be usefully employ$ 9 a =w>d position4 ,:5 ! gr\nd is fav\rable1 ! gun w\ld ) advantage accompany t portion ( ! res]ves told (f to cov] ! advance ( ! rema9d] by long-range fire4 7ii7 ,to br+ a conc5trat$ fire on any p>ticul> spot4 7iii7 ,to assi/ 9 repell+ c\nt]-attacks to :i* ! fir+ l9e may sudd5ly become expos$1 & 9 ! protection ( ! flanks aga9/ cavalry or c\nt]-attack4 7iv7 ,to br+ fire to be> ^u an enemy f a position on a flank ( ! battalion4 ,! gun w\ld1 :5 s plac$1 be less liable to draw ! fire ( ! enemy ^u ! infantry :i* x is support+4 7v7 ,to give effect to hold+ attacks by sudd5 outbur/s ( fire4 7vi7 ,to e/abli% possession ( po9ts ga9$4 #d4 ,! ma*9e gun comm&] mu/ be fully acqua9t$ ) ! ord]s giv5 to ! infantry he is act+ ) & ) all subsequ5t ord]s issu$4 ,x is 8 bus9ess to wat* 8 infantry1 & con=m to _! movem5ts & keep t\* g5]ally4 ,he %\ld be all[$ great lib]ty ( action4 #e4 ,especial c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to br+ ! gun into action )\t expos+ x1 & to scre5 x :5 9 action4 ,ma*9e guns %\ld g5]ally be us$ s+ly1 ?\gh occasions may occur :5 x may be advisable to use !m 9 pairs4 ,,! ,,company ,,9 ,,attack4 #aej4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #a4 ,9 execut+ an attack indep5d5tly1 ! company comm&] w employ 8 f\r sections 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,he w see t 8 advance is protect$ by sc\ts2 & aft] z ?or\gh a reconnaissance z 8 means p]mit1 he w c>efully expla9 to ! subord9ate lead]s & m5 ! object to be atta9$ & ! plan ( action1 & w make c]ta9 t all und]/& :at is expect$ ( !m4 ,he w tell (f ! company into fir+-l9e & support1 arrange1 if possible1 = outflank+ ! enemy1 keep a small res]ve 9 8 own h&1 & act g5]ally 9 ! same mann] z ! comm&] ( a consid]able =ce4 #b4 ,9 execut+ an attack 9 conjunction ) ! rema9d] ( ! battalion1 ! company comm&] mu/ expla9 to 8 subord9ates & m5 ! ord]s he has receiv$1 & ! me?od 9 :i* he int5ds to c>ry !m out4 ,dur+ ! advance he %\ld place himself :]e he c be/ wat* ! fir+-l9e & ! enemy1 & at ! same "t issue ord]s to 8 support4 ,8 duties 9 action are z foll[s3-- 7i7 ,he w deta* sc\ts to ! front1 & if necess>y to ! flanks1 to cov] 8 advance4 7ii7 ,he w be c>eful to co-op]ate ) ! companies on 8 flanks1 to cov] _! advance by fire1 & to ma9ta9 ! direction4 7iii7 ,he w keep ! battalion comm&] acqua9t$ ) any *ange 9 ! dispositions ( ! enemy1 & pass on any useful in=mation receiv$ f ! sc\ts4 7iv7 ,he is responsible t 8 supply ( ammunition is complete1 & w make ! necess>y arrangem5ts to br+ up a fur!r supply2 he w also ensure t ! ammunition ( disabl$ m5 is collect$ & di/ribut$4 7v7 ,he w ex]cise a g5]al control ov] ! fire ( 8 company4 7vi7 ,he w1 if opportunity (f]s1 l5d aid to o!r companies by enfilad+1 or fir+ obliquely on1 a portion ( ! enemy's l9e4 7vii7 ,he w lead 8 company 9 ! assault4 7viii7 ,if ! assault succe$s1 he w lose no "t 9 rally+ & re=m+ 8 company1 9 repl5i%+ ammunition1 & if necess>y secur+ ! position aga9/ c\nt]-attack by means ( entr5*m5ts4 #c4 ,:5 two or m (fic]s are pres5t ) a company1 "o w always be ) ! fir+ l9e4 #d4 ,half-company comm&]s 9 ! fir+ l9e w place !mselves :]e !y c be/ sup]vise ! skirmi%]s4 ,_! duties 9 action are z foll[s3-- 7i7 ,!y mu/ be con/antly on ! look out = ! signals ( ! company comm&]1 & ( ! sc\ts4 7ii7 ,!y mu/ ma9ta9 ! direction4 7iii7 ,!y w see t fire is n wa/$1 & t x is conc5trat$ on important t>gets4 7iv7 ,!y w obs]ve ! enemy's movem5ts1 & report at once to ! company comm&]4 7v7 ,if ! assault succe$s1 !y w lose no "t 9 rally+ & re=m+ _! half-companies4 7vi7 ,dur+ ! advance !y w take all lead]less m5 ( o!r companies & corps "u _! comm&1 & keep !m until ! action is ov]1 or ! =ce re-=ms4 #e4 ,! frontage occupi$ by a company act+ indep5d5tly dep5ds on ! nature ( ! op]ation4 ,!re may be a consid]able gap betwe5 ! frontal & ! flank attacks2 & a portion ( ! company1 ext5d$ at wide int]vals1 may be told (f m]ely to hold ! enemy1 :ile ! rema9d]1 at clos] int]vals1 make ! decisive attack4 ,! rule t a /rong fir+-l9e %\ld be e/abli%$ 9 a good fire-position at a decisive range mu/ always be obs]v$ by ! portion ( ! company :i* is told (f = ! decisive attack2 & al?\gh ! m5 ne$ n be s close z 9 ! case ( l>g] =ces1 /ill1 to dislodge an enemy ( ne>ly equal /r5g?1 ! fir+-l9e1 at decisive range1 %\ld n be weak] ?an "o rifle to e two or ?ree y>ds ( front4 #f4 ,:5 ! company is act+ 9 conc]t ) ! rema9d] ( ! battalion1 its frontage1 z a rule1 w be assign$ by ! battalion comm&]4 #g4 ,! company comm&] mu/ always be guid$ by circum/ances 9 decid+ on ! /r5g? ( 8 fir+-l9e1 & on ! =mation ( ! rema9d]4 ,! g5]al proc$ure w be to gradually re9=ce ! sc\ts1 :5 !y are *eck$ by ! enemy's fire1 & ?us build up a fir+ l9e1 :i*1 at decisive range1 %all be /rong en\gh to ga9 sup]iority ov] ! enemy's fire4 ,?is proc$ure is1 h[ev]1 by no means to be reg>d$ z inv>iable4 ,x might be desirable1 = in/ance1 to deploy ! :ole company at once 9 ! fir+ l9e4 ,s4 #aec 7#c74 ,?is may sometimes be advisable on op5 gr\nd )\t cov]1 :5 less loss w\ld be incurr$ ?an by gradually re9=c+ a weak] fir+-l9e4 #h4 ,9 ord] t tactical unity may be ma9ta9$ z long z possible1 x w usually be advisable t complete squads or sections be ext5d$ on ! fir/ advance1 fur!r re9=cem5ts be+ furni%$ by ! o!r squads ( ! same sections1 or o!r sections ( ! same half company4 ,,! ,,battalion ,,9 ,,attack4 #aea4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #a4 ,! battalion comm&] is practically 9 ! same position z ! comm&] ( a brigade1 ) ! exception t he has "u him eight small units in/ead ( f\r l>ge units4 #b4 ,nev]!less1 s limit$ are 8 p[]s ( p]sonal control ^u ! field ( battle1 t success1 z a rule1 w dep5d on ! cle>ness & compreh5siv5ess ( ! ord] :i* commits 8 companies to ! attack1 z well z on ! mann] 9 :i* he has tra9$ 8 company lead]s4 ,x is ( importance1 !re=e1 t ! battalion %\ld nev] be hurri$ into action2 b t "t %\ld be tak5 = a survey ( ! gr\nd1 = ! issue ( ord]s1 & = ! in/ructions to be giv5 by ! company lead]s to _! subord9ates & ! m54 #c4 ,a battalion1 :e!r act+ alone or =m+ "p ( a l>g] =ce engag$ 9 an attack1 w be sub-divid$ into ?ree bodies1 viz41 fir+-l9e1 supports & res]ves1 on ! same pr9ciple z laid d[n 9 ,s4 #abi4 ,! fir+-l9e1 :i* 9 ! fir/ in/ance w n exce$ a qu>t] ( ! :ole battalion1 w usually be furni%$ by ! same companies z ! supports1 :il/ ! res]ves w be suppli$ by ! rema9d]1 & be "u ! direct control ( ! battalion comm&]4 ,:5 ! battalion =ms "p ( a l>g] =ce1 ! comm&] w employ 8 res]ves 9 /r5g!n+ su* portions ( 8 fir+-l9e z mo/ require re9=cem5t1 ! :ole battalion1 z a rule1 be+ ev5tually absorb$ into ! fir+-l9e4 #d4 ,:5 ! battalion is act+ indep5d5tly1 ! comm&+ (fic] w act on ! same pr9ciples z ! comm&] ( a l>g] =ce4 ,he w detail c]ta9 companies = ! flank attack1 & o!rs if necess>y1 = a hold+ attack1 or = a fe9t4 ,he w make arrangem5ts f ! companies ( ! res]ve = ! protection ( ! flanks aga9/ c\nt]-attack1 & if ! gr\nd p]mits1 = cov]+ ! advance by long-range fire4 ,he w reta9 a portion ( 8 battalion z a g5]al res]ve at 8 own disposal2 & select a portion ( ! enemy's l9e aga9/ :i* ! decisive attack w be press$ home4 ,he w assign a portion ( ! objective to ea* company t =ms "p ( ! fir+-l9e2 b x %\ld seldom be necess>y = him1 if 8 company lead]s are well tra9$1 to indicate ! =mation to be adopt$4 #e4 ,! battalion1 on rea*+ ! zone ( di/ant fire1 w =m l9es ( company columns1 prec$$1 &1 if necess>y1 flank$ by sc\ts4 #f4 ,x is impossible to lay d[n any rule z to ! numb] ( companies 9 ! fir+-l9e4 ,b x is always advisable1 :5 ! battalion fir/ =ms = attack1 :e!r x is act+ alone or ) o!rs1 to put 9 no m ?an are actually requir$ at ! mom5t2 ! rema9d] be+ kept well 9 h&1 b 9 su* =mations z w enable !m to take advantage ( cov]1 & avoid unnecess>y loss4 ,be=e ! enemy's exact position is asc]ta9$1 ! advance mu/ be cauti\s & delib]ate1 & x is dang]\s 9 su* circum/ances to place sev]al companies alongside "o ano!r on a broad frontage4 #aeb4 ,ord]s4 ,! ord]s issu$ to a battalion w diff] 9 degree b n 9 pr9ciple f ^? giv5 to a l>g] =ce1 ,s4 #aca2 z a rule !y w be issu$ v]bally1 b 9 any case !y %\ld be p]sonally expla9$ by ! comm&+ (fic] :5 ! position comes into view4 #aec4 ,di/ribution ( ! companies 9 ! decisive attack4 #a4 ,9 ord] to e/abli% a /rong fir+-l9e )9 decisive range ( ! enemy's position1 x is desirable t1 mak+ all[ance = losses1 !re %\ld be1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! attack1 at lea/ #abe rifles to e #ajj y>ds ( front1 exclusive ( t portion ( ! res]ves :i* w furni% ! f9al re9=cem5t necess>y to deliv] ! assault4 ,^! #abe m5 are dispos$ 9 sev]al bodies1 ! bodies 9 re>1 i4e41 ! supports & res]ves1 supply+ ! successive re9=cem5ts :i* gradually build up ! fir+-l9e to its maximum /r5g?4 #b4 ,:e!r ^! #abe rifles are furni%$ by two or m companies mu/ be det]m9$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #c4 ,to ext5d :ole companies 9 ! fir+-l9e at ! outset1 ! supports be+ =m$ f o!r companies1 is a proce$+ :i* c seldom be ju/ifi$2 lead+ z x mu/ to a premature admixture ( tactical units1 & to ! surr5d]1 at an unnecess>ily e>ly p]iod1 ( ! control ( ! fir+-l9e4 ,! rule t all re9=cem5ts %\ld be furni%$ z long z possible by ! same unit %\ld nev] be infr+$4 #d4 ,:5 ! battalion is act+ 9 conc]t ) o!r units1 ! frontage assign$ to x1 if ! attack is int5d$ to be decisive1 mu/ be 9 proportion to its /r5g?4 #e4 ,battalions %\ld be con/antly ex]cis$ 9 =m+ = ! attack f a position ( assembly1 ! frontage be+ always v>i$1 & a diff]5t numb] ( companies told (f to ! fir+-l9e & ! res]ve4 ,x is only by practice t a comm&+ (fic] c acquire ! facility ( recognis+ at once h[ _m companies %\ld be ext5d$ 9 fir+-l9e1 & h[ _m allott$ to ! res]ve4 #aed4 ,! fir+-l9e & supports4 ,! =mation ( ! fir+-l9e & supports1 & ! di/ance ( ! latt] f ! fir+-l9e1 w be det]m9$ by ! company comm&]s4 ,!re is no necessity t ^! %\ld be ! same 9 e company s long z ! g5]al pr9ciples laid d[n = ! attack are intellig5tly appli$4 #aee4 ,! res]ve4 #a4 ,next to ! conception ( a s\nd plan ( attack1 & ! issue ( cle> & compreh5sive ord]s to ! company comm&]s1 ! mo/ important duty ( ! (fic] comm&+ a battalion is ! h&l+ ( 8 res]ve4 ,x is by means ( ! res]ve t he makes 8 influ5ce felt 9 action1 & by re9=c+ ! fir+-l9e at ! "r "t & at ! "r place keeps ! attack mov+ & ev5tually atta9s ! sup]iority ( fire4 ,b judici\s fe$+ ( ! fir+-l9e is n all t is requir$4 ,n only mu/ its flanks be protect$1 & its advance cov]$ by long-range fire2 b if ! enemy is well-tra9$1 c\nt]-attack is always to be appreh5d$2 &--:at is also dang]\s--a sudd5 re9=cem5t ( ! def5ce1 :5 ! /ruggle = fire-sup]iority is at its height may take place4 ,x %\ld be ! aim1 !n1 ( ! (fic] comm&+1 s to husb& 8 res]ve1 t :ile prosecut+ ! attack ) vig\r by means ( timely re9=cem5ts1 he may /ill h a suffici5t =ce at 8 disposal to meet em]g5cies4 ,f fir/ to la/1 !re=e1 he %\ld reta9 at lea/ a portion ( ! res]ve 9 8 own h&1 = ev5 a half-company may be ( ! greate/ s]vice 9 repell+ a sudd5 c\nt]-attack1 or 9 =m+ a rally+ po9t if ! attack is repuls$4 #b4 ,if heavy losses are to be expect$ be=e a /rong fir+-l9e c be e/abli%$ )9 decisive range ( ! enemy's position1 ! res]ve %\ld be /rong] ?an ! fir+-l9e & supports4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! opposition is weak1 or decisive range c be rea*$ "u cov]1 ! res]ve may be ( ! same /r5g? z ! fir+-l9e & supports4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! fir+-l9e & supports "h allud$ to are ^? engag$ 9 ! decisive attack2 companies engag$ 9 a hold+ attack1 or 9 a feign$ or false attack1 are n to be c\nt$ :5 calculat+ ! /r5g? ( ! res]ve4 #c4 ,x may be advisable to divide ! res]ve into two di/9ct bodies1 "o foll[+ ! flank attack1 ! o!r ! frontal attack4 #d4 ,:5 ! flanks 7or flank7 ( ! battalion are expos$1 a portion ( ! res]ve w be told (f z a protection aga9/ c\nt]-attack & = ext5d$ patroll+4 #e4 ,on op5 gr\nd1 9 ord] to avoid unnecess>y loss1 ! res]ve mu/ advance 9 sev]al l9es ( skirmi%]s4 ,9 close c\ntry1 ! res]ve %\ld move 9 z compact a =mation z ! gr\nd w p]mit1 due reg>d be+ paid to ! protection ( ! flanks4 #f4 ,! initial =mation ( ! companies 9 res]ve w be decid$ by ! (fic] comm&+1 & w dep5d altoge!r ^u ! gr\nd4 ,wide int]vals are n s ess5tial z = ! fir+-l9e & supports1 & on gr\nd :i* is little expos$ to fire company columns1 or columns ( f\rs may be resort$ to ) advantage4 ,x w seldom be necess>y1 h[ev]1 t ! =mation ( ea* successive l9e %\ld be id5tical2 &1 dur+ ! advance1 ! =mation ( ea* company w be alt]$1 9 ord] to take advantage ( cov] or to avoid %ot-swept spaces1 at ! discretion ( its own comm&]4 #aef4 ,hold+ ,attack4 ,! hold+ attack w be c>ri$ out by a battalion 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples already laid d[n2 ! frontage be+ l>g]1 & ! res]ve small] ?an 9 a decisive attack1 ,s4 #aci4 #aeg4 ,in/ruction4 ,x is always advisable1 9 in/ruct+ a battalion1 to h& ov] ! entire control ( ! companies 9 fir+-l9e or res]ve1 ) ! exception ( ! portion reta9$ at ! disposal ( ! (fic] comm&+1 to _! own lead]s1 & to give ea* ( ! latt] a free h& 9 c>ry+ out ! task assign$ to him4 ,su* a me?od1 ) inexp]i5c$ company (fic]s1 may at fir/ lead to mi/akes & misund]/&+s2 b z soon z ^! (fic]s ga9 confid5ce1 become accu/om$ to work+ 9 conc]t1 & und]/& :at is requir$ ( !m1 en]getic comb9ation w take ! place ( hesitation & bewild]m5t1 & ! (fic] comm&+ w f9d himself support$ by a body ( zeal\s & self-reliant assi/ants1 capable ( execut+ 8 int5tions )\t dep5d+ on cont9ual in/ructions4 ,moreov]1 ! practice ( c>ry+ out an attack by ! co-op]ation ( sev]al indep5d5t units is ! only me?od possible 9 a hotly conte/$ action4 ,x mu/ be made cle> :e!r ! battalion is suppos$ to be act+ alone or 9 conjunction ) o!r troops4 ,,! ,,brigade ,,9 ,,attack4 #aeh4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #a4 ,! rules = ! battalion 9 attack apply 9 all respects to ! brigade1 & ev5 to l>g] =ces ( infantry1 ) ! exception t 9 ! position ( assembly ! brigade or division w usually be drawn up 9 l9e1 or l9es1 ( battalions 9 qu>t] column or l9es ( company columns1 & w advance z f> z ! zone ( di/ant fire 9 ?is =mation4 ,! comm&] assigns to ! battalion lead]s _! respective tasks1 leav+ !m p]fect fre$om z to ! mann] ( execution1 & ! way 9 :i* !y =m _! comm&s4 #b4 ,! frontage ( ! brigade w dep5d on ! situation1 z also ! /r5g? ( ! brigade res]ve4 ,! latt] %\ld always consi/ ( a complete unit or units1 ( :i* a small portion may be kept back at ! crisis ( ! attack to =m a rally+ po9t 9 case ( rev]se1 ,s4 #acb 7#c74 #c4 ,! ord]s issu$ by ! brigadi] w be 9 ! same =m z ^? issu$ by ! (fic] comm&+ a l>g] =ce1 ,s4 #aca4 #d4 ,! brigadi] w be accompani$ by signall]s1 :o w ma9ta9 communication ) all ! battalions ( ! brigade dur+ ! attack4 ,,! ,,division ,,9 ,,attack4 #aei4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #a4 ,! be/ battle-=mation = ! infantry ( a division engag$ 9 a decisive attack1 &1 g5]ally speak+1 9 all attacks1 is ! two brigades plac$ alongside ea* o!r1 divid+ ! front1 & regulat+ _! own res]ves4 ,if ! division is act+ alone1 x is important t1 z a g5]al rule1 ! divisional comm&] %\ld reta9 two complete battalions z g5]al res]ve4 ,dur+ ! action ! divisional comm&] %\ld be accompani$ by a p>ty ( m\nt$ signall]s4 #b4 ,! divisional comm&] assigns to ! brigadi]s _! respective tasks1 leav+ !m p]fect fre$om z to ! mann] ( execution4 #c4 ,! ord]s issu$ by ! divisional comm&] w be drawn up & issu$ z direct$ 9 ,s4 #aca1 & 8,comb9$ ,tra9+10 ,s4 #aae4 #d4 ,if ! divisional comm&] f9ds x necess>y to deta* a battalion1 or 9 an un=ese5 cont+5cy to give an individual battalion direct ord]s = ! execution ( "s movem5t1 he %\ld at once in=m ! brigadi] to :om ! battalion belongs4 #e4 ,9 ! in/ruction ( ! brigade or division a mo/ useful ex]cise is to practice deploym5ts = attack "u diff]5t suppositions1 su* z an enemy occupy+ diff]5t ext5ts ( front1 an enemy sudd5ly discov]$ 9 position half-"r1 half-left1 or flank+ ! l9e ( m>*4 ,,! ,,def5ce4 #afj4 ,di/ribution ( ,infantry = def5ce4 #a4 ,infantry detail$ = ! def5ce ( ! entr5*m5ts w g5]ally be di/ribut$ 9 two bodies1 viz41 7i7 ,fir+ ,l9e & ,supports4 7ii7 ,local ,res]ves4 ,= ! decisive c\nt]-attack1 a sep>ate body1 ,! ,g5]al ,res]ve1 :i* has no?+ to d ) ! imm$iate def5ce ( ! entr5*m5ts1 w be reta9$ 9 ! h&s ( ! (fic] comm&+4 #b4 ,! /r5g? ( ! fir+ l9e w dep5d entirely on ! ext5t ( ! field ( fire & ! "* ( ! cov]4 ,if ! conditions are fav\rable to ! def5ce a few m5 c easily protect a wide front4 ,if !re is any *ance ( a surprise1 or ( ! position be+ attack$ by a sudd5 ru%1 ! fir+ l9e %\ld be z d5se z is compatible ) ! free use ( ! rifle by e man engag$4 #c4 ,! duty ( ! supports is to replace casualties 9 ! fir+ l9e1 & !y %\ld !re=e be po/$ ne> at h& & "u cov]4 ,9 /rong positions v small supports w be q suffici5t1 or !y may ev5 be disp5s$ ) altoge!r4 #d4 ,! duties ( ! local res]ves are to deliv] local c\nt]-attacks1 to re9=ce ! fir+ l9e at critical mom5ts1 & to protect ! flanks2 !y w also furni% ! outpo/s & supply deta*m5ts to occupy tempor>y positions1 ei!r 9 front or beyond ! flanks ( ! entr5*m5ts4 ,s4 #afa 7#g71 also 8,comb9$ ,tra9+10 #abe 7#d74 ,local res]ves %\ld be well cov]$1 especially f artill]y fire2 b !re %\ld be no ob/acle to _! be+ br\ght rapidly to ! front4 #afa4 ,occupation ( ! position4 #a4 ,x is f> m important t e man %\ld see well to ! front1 & be well cov]$1 ?an t ! front %\ld be regul> & cont9u\s4 ,ea* section1 or ev5 ea* squad1 may h its own entr5*m5t4 ,^! entr5*m5ts w n necess>ily be 9 "o g5]al l9e4 ,! ma9 consid]ation is a good field ( fire & provision ( oblique or enfilade fire to support o!r p>ts ( ! l9e4 #b4 ,weak po9ts %\ld be /rongly held4 ,betwe5 ! po9ts held spaces may be left unoccupi$1 provid$ !y c be swept by an effective cross-fire4 #c4 ,:5 !re is no "t to entr5* e man mu/ improvise cov] = himself1 & ?is %\ld be con/antly practis$ 9 peace4 ,:5 ! troops occupy entr5*m5ts e man %\ld see t he c use 8 rifle effectively1 & if necess>y make ! improvem5ts necess>y to enable him to d s4 #d4 ,! di/ance ( all prom95t objects & expos$ po9ts on ! probable l9es ( attack %\ld be c>efully asc]ta9$1 not$ & communicat$ to ! m54 ,if "t p]mit1 ^! di/ances %\ld be def9$ by m>ks4 #e4 ,if possible1 objects :i* might assi/ ! enemy 9 f9d+ ! range %\ld be remov$1 & all works & entr5*m5ts %\ld be hidd5 ) bu%es1 grass1 c4 #f4 ,arrangem5ts %\ld be made to ensure t m51 if sudd5ly call$ on at night to man ! entr5*m5ts1 fire 9 ! requir$ direction4 ,?is c be/ be done by s design+ p>apets1 loopholes1 c41 t ! l9e ( fire ( a rifle re/+ on !m grazes ! gr\nd 9 advance = "s di/ance4 #g4 ,9 addition to ! outpo/s1 :i* w protect ! front & flanks ( ! position1 troops may be specially detail$ to take up tempor>y positions to mislead ! enemy1 emb>rass 8 reconnoitr+ patrols & delay 8 advance1 ,s4 #afj 7#d72 su* troops %\ld be )drawn be=e !y become s]i\sly engag$1 c>e be+ tak5 n to mask ! fire ( ! ma9 position dur+ ! retirem5t4 #afb4 ,entr5*+ a ,position4 #a4 ,tr5*es on ! sky-l9e af=d s excell5t a t>get1 t su* a position1 especially if ! enemy has good artill]y1 %\ld always be avoid$4 ,!y may1 h[ev]1 be con/ruct$ on ! sky-l9e & left unoccupi$ = ! purpose ( deceiv+ ! enemy4 #b4 ,:5 plac$ at ! foot ( slopes t tr5d t[>ds ! enemy !y h ! advantage t fire f !m is m graz+ ?an x w\ld be if !y 7 plac$ high] up ! slope1 b a retreat "u fire f !m w probably involve heavy loss4 ,x is1 z a rule1 easy to conceal !m 9 su* a position4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! field ( fire f l[-ly+ tr5*es is (t5 v limit$1 & x is g5]ally m easy to op5 up communication ) ! re> :5 tr5*es are close to ! cre/-l9e ?an :5 !y are mu* 9 advance ( x4 #c4 ,tr5*es :i* c br+ fire to be> at decisive range on to ! gr\nd ov] :i* ! attack mu/ pass1 & :i* are !mselves conceal$ f ! attack]s 9 ! e>ly /ages1 are mo/ valuable 9 surpris+ ! enemy at ! mo/ critical p]iod ( ! attack4 #d4 ,tr5*es %\ld always be conceal$ & head cov] provid$ :5 possible1 cov]$ communication f ! re> %\ld also be provid$ :5 "t is available4 #e4 ,important tactical po9ts & su* o!rs :i*1 ow+ to ! dead gr\nd 9 _! vic9ity1 con/itute a weakness to position1 %\ld be fur!r /r5g!n$ by plac+ b>b$ wire entanglem5ts or abattis 9 front ( !m1 tr5*es be+ s plac$ z to br+ an effective fire to be> on su* ob/acles4 #f4 ,:5 "t admits1 deep tr5*es j 9 re> ( ! cre/-l9e may be usefully provid$ to give cov] to ! supports or ! g>risons ( ! advanc$ tr5*es till !y are requir$4 #afc4 ,fire4 #a4 ,z ! difficulties ( ammunition supply & want ( k ( ranges are n s great z 9 ! attack1 x w (t5 be exp$i5t to op5 fire at long ranges 9 ord] to oblige ! assailant to deploy & adopt a def9ite c\rse ( action :i* x w be difficult = him to rectify :5 expos$ to fire4 ,long-range fire may also be us$ to deceive ! enemy z to ! dispositions & /r5g? ( ! def5d]1 & to *eck ! advance ( re9=cem5ts4 ,! employm5t ( long-range fire mu/1 h[ev]1 be regulat$ by ! effect produc$ on ! enemy4 ,if ?is is obs]v$ to be small1 x w be wis] to res]ve ammunition = clos] ranges :]e bett] results may be expect$1 & on occasion x may be advisable to enc\rage ! enemy's advance by a weak fire or by )hold+ x entirely1 & to receive him at decisive ranges ) a fire ( ! greate/ int5sity possible4 #afd4 ,ma*9e ,guns4 #a4 ,9 def5ce1 z 9 attack1 ma*9e guns may be employ$ s+ly1 or 9 pairs4 #b4 ,!y %\ld n be isolat$1 & are n adapt$ = use aga9/ l9es ( widely ext5d$ skirmi%]s1 b are mo/ suitable to protect flanks1 to flank sali5ts or portions ( ! l9e1 to cov] ob/acles1 to d5y ! passage ( defiles to ! enemy1 or to br+ a heavy fire to be> f gr\nd :i*1 ow+ to its n>r[ frontage1 is unsuit$ = ! deploym5t ( infantry4 ,if employ$ 9 ! fir+ l9e1 !y %\ld be c>efully conceal$4 ,alt]native positions connect$ by a cov]$ communication %\ld be prep>$1 if possible1 = use 9 case !y come "u effective artill]y fire4 #c4 ,if n utilis$ = ^! purposes !y %\ld be reta9$ z a res]ve ( fire1 ei!r 9 ! h&s ( ! battalion comm&] or brigadi]1 to be us$ to *eck ! advance ( ho/ile re9=cem5ts1 to meet turn+ movem5ts1 to support ! fir+-l9e 9 crises1 to prep>e & cov] ! c\nt]-attack1 or aga9/ close deep =mations at long range4 #d4 ,9 pursuit !y %\ld endeav\r to op]ate aga9/ ! flanks ( ! enemy f decisive range4 #afe4 ,position ( ! ,res]ves4 #a4 ,! local res]ves w be 9 _! respective sections4 ,= ! protection ( ! flanks !y w be e*elon$ 9 re> ( ! flanks or ( "o flank if ! o!r is unassailable4 ,if ! flanks are secure1 ! mo/ suitable position = !m1 if x provides good cov]1 is 9 re> ( ! c5tre ( ! section to :i* !y belong4 #b4 ,! g5]al res]ve w usually be po/$ 9 re> ( ! c5tre ( ! position1 until ! direction ( ! c\nt]-attack c be decid$2 b 9 c]ta9 cases1 z :51 = in/ance1 ! def5d] is equal or sup]ior 9 numb]s1 x may be e*elon$ 9 re> ( t flank :]e ! gr\nd (f]s ! greate/ facilities = ! c\nt]-attack4 #c4 ,! res]ves %\ld be mo/ c>efully hidd5 until ! mom5t = action arrives4 ,if no natural cov] is available1 artificial cov] %\ld1 if possible1 be provid$ = !m4 #aff4 ,duties ( ,(fic]s ,comm&+ ,res]ves4 #a4 ,! (fic]s comm&+ ! res]ves1 :e!r local or g5]al1 mu/ make !mselves acqua9t$ ) all gr\nd ov] :i* !y may h to act4 ,!y %\ld "k ! direction ( all roads & tracks2 & !y mu/ keep a wat*1 by means ( /aff (fic]s & patrols1 on ! progress ( ! engagem5t1 s t !y may anticipate ord]s1 & h _! troops =m$ up ready to move z soon z !y are call$ =4 #afg4 ,local ,c\nt]-attacks4 #a4 ,local c\nt]-attacks1 :i* are ! special duty ( ! local res]ves1 may be made at any mom5t4 ,%\ld ! enemy ga9 "s local success ei!r 9 ! position itself1 or on gr\nd close to x1 :5ce he c\ld s]i\sly ?reat5 ! def5ce ( ! position1 ! necessity = c\nt]-attack becomes imp]ative4 ,9 su* cases1 ! soon] ! attack is deliv]$ ! bett]1 s t ! enemy may h no opportunity ( /r5g!n+ ! gr\nd he has ga9$4 #b4 ,local c\nt]-attacks are deliv]$ on ! initiative ( ! (fic]s 9 *>ge ( sections ( ! def5sive l9e4 ,!y %\ld seldom be c>ri$ f> 9 advance ( ! entr5*m5ts2 & directly ! enemy's fir+-l9e falls back1 ! troops %\ld be re=m$ z rapidly z possible4 #d4 ,local c\nt]-attacks %\ld also be deliv]$ :5 ! enemy advances to ! assault4 ,bayonets w be fix$ :5 8 l9e arrives )9 a few hundr$ y>ds ( ! position1 e available man br\ght up into ! fir+-l9e1 & ! *>ge met ) rapid fire1 & if t fails to /op him1 ) a c\nt]-*>ge4 ,9 ?is c\nt]-*>ge1 :i* %\ld be practis$ at all manuvres1 ! m5 w *e]1 bugles be s\nd$1 & pipes play$4 #afh4 ,decisive ,c\nt]-attack4 #a4 ,! decisive c\nt]-attack w be deliv]$ by ! g5]al res]ve1 x w usually be direct$ aga9/ ! enemy's flanks1 & 9 su* a mann] z to ?reat5 8 l9e ( retreat1 al?\gh opportunities = break+ ! c5tre may sometimes occur4 ,! c\nt]-attack %\ld come1 if possible1 9 ! =m ( a surprise1 & %\ld be c>ri$ ?r\gh ) ! utmo/ vig\r & resolution2 all ranks %\ld und]/& t !y mu/ press =w>d until ! la/ res]ve has be5 ?r[n 94 #b4 ,to judge ! "r "t = ! decisive c\nt]-attack is z difficult z x is important4 ,! mo/ fav\rable mom5t is :5 ! enemy has exp5d$ 8 res]ves 9 endeav\r+ to /orm ! entr5*m5ts4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! def5d+ =ce is c>efully conceal$1 or if ! enemy is l$ to believe t ! front is mu* long] ?an x really is1 he may commit mi/akes su* z expos+ a portion ( 8 =ce )\t hope ( support f ! rema9d]1 ext5d+ 8 front s f> t ! great] "p ( 8 =ce is 9 ! fir+-l9e1 expos+ 8 flanks1 or po/+ 8 res]ves 9 ! wrong place2 & ^! mi/akes1 all ( :i* are fav\rable to ! c\nt]-attack1 may occur at any p]iod ( ! engagem5t--4 ,x is important1 !re=e1 t ! c\rse ( ! action %\ld be closely wat*$1 t ! /aff %\ld make arrangem5ts = incessant patroll+1 con/ant obs]vation1 & ! rapid transmission ( reports1 & t ! g5]al res]ve %\ld be prep>$ = imm$iate action ?r\gh\t ! fight4 #c4 ,:5 laun*$ to ! attack ! fir+-l9e1 z a rule1 %\ld be ?ick] ?an at ! comm5cem5t ( an ord9>y attack1 & x is unnecess>y t x %\ld be prec$$1 ?\gh x mu/ always be flank$1 by sc\ts4 ,a portion ( ! =ce %\ld be e*elon$ 9 re>1 9 ord] to deal ) ! enemy's res]ves4 #d4 ,! =mation 9 :i* ! g5]al res]ve w c>ry out ! c\nt]-attack _c be laid d[n2 b c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! troops compos+ x are =m$ up 9 su* a mann] z to be able to advance & come into action 9 any direction ) ! lea/ possible delay4 #e4 ,x is possible t !re w be little "t = issu+ detail$ ord]s1 b ! direction & mann] ( c>ry+ out ! c\nt]-attack %\ld be c>efully po9t$ out to all subord9ate comm&]s1 :o w expla9 ! same to ! troops1 & impress on !m ! importance ( gett+ to close qu>t]s z quickly z possible4 ,,! ,,company ,,9 ,,def5ce4 #afi4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #a4 ,:5 act+ indep5d5tly ! company w act 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples enum]at$ 9 ,s4 #afj4 ,! res]ve w1 z a rule1 und]take ! def5ce ( ! flanks1 9 addition to its o!r duties4 ,x may (t5 be conv5i5tly plac$ 9 re> ( ! c5tre4 ,to deceive ! enemy z to ! ext5t ( ! position sc\ts mu/ be employ$ 9 place ( l>g] bodies1 & !y %\ld be enc\rag$ to use all sorts ( /ratagems1 su* z con/antly *ang+ _! positions1 op5+ rapid fire1 c41 c41 9 ord] to effect _! purpose4 ,concealm5t is imp]ative4 ,all dead gr\nd 9 front or on ! flanks ( ! position %\ld be c>efully obs]v$4 #b4 ,:5 act+ 9 battalion1 a company told (f to furni% a portion ( ! fir+-l9e w usually keep a "p 9 support4 ,b x w (t5 be advisable to ext5d only a few m5 at fir/1 & to reta9 ! rema9d] 9 re> until ! enemy's infantry advance to ! attack1 b !y %\ld be able to rea* _! places 9 ! fir+ l9e )\t be+ obs]v$ by ! enemy4 #c4 ,! occupation ( ! gr\nd allott$ to a company w be c>ri$ out 9 accordance ) ,s4 #afa4 #agj4 ,duties ( ! ,subalt]ns1 ,section1 & ,squad ,lead]s4 #a4 ,!y are responsible t communication is ma9ta9$ betwe5 ! diff]5t portions ( ! company1 t all movem5ts ( ! company are at once report$1 t ! fire is kept "u control1 t ! m5 aim at ! t>gets po9t$ out to !m1 & t all in/ructions z reg>ds cov]1 concealm5t1 ranges1 & wat] are scrupul\sly obs]v$4 #b4 ,!y w see3-- 7i7 ,t e man has good cov]4 7ii7 ,t ! fir+-l9e is well hidd51 ! exi/5ce ( entr5*m5ts conceal$1 & e man is 9 su* a position t he c use 8 rifle4 7iii7 ,t ranges are tak5 & communicat$ to ! m54 7iv7 ,t e man has pl5ty ( ammunition & a full wat]-bottle1 & t ! ammunition f ! kill$ & w\nd$ is collect$ & di/ribut$4 7v7 ,t ! support kn[s ! position ( ! fir+-l9e4 #c4 ,!y w asc]ta9 ! position ( ! dress+ /ation & ( ! res]ve ammunition4 #d4 ,!y w report to ! company comm&] all movem5ts ( ! enemy & any opportunity :i* appe>s to be fav\rable to c\nt]-attack4 #e4 ,!y w see t _! flanks1 if expos$1 are protect$ by sc\ts4 #f4 ,!y w be c>eful to keep 9 communication ) ! companies or ei!r flank4 #aga4 ,duties ( ! ,company ,lead]4 ,no?+ 9 ! previ\s section is int5d$ to relieve ! company comm&] ( 8 responsibility 9 all t conc]ns 8 comm&4 ,he w make arrangem5ts = ! di/ribution ( fre% supplies ( ammunition1 b x is important he %\ld n all[ himself to become too mu* engross$ 9 details :i* %\ld be look$ to by 8 subord9ates4 ,9 def5ce1 ! occupation1 to ! be/ advantage1 ( ! gr\nd allott$ to him1 is ! company comm&]'s fir/ duty4 ,,! ,,battalion ,,9 ,,def5ce4 #agb4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #a4 ,if ! front is v ext5d$1 or if x runs ?r\gh close or brok5 c\ntry1 x may be brok5 up into sections ( def5ce4 #b4 ,:5 act+ indep5d5tly ! (fic] comm&+ w himself give ! signal = ! decisive c\nt]-attack4 ,?is attack w1 z a rule1 be comm&$ by ! (fic] specially detail$ to comm& ! g5]al res]ve4 #agc4 ,duties ( ! ,comm&+ ,(fic]4 #a4 ,he w see t ! res]ve ammunition is conv5i5tly plac$4 #b4 ,he w ensure t communication is ma9ta9$ ) ! troops on ei!r flank4 #c4 ,he w report all movem5ts ( ! enemy4 #d4 ,if he comm&s a section ( ! def5ce1 he w wat* = opportunities = local c\nt]-attack4 #e4 ,he w keep up communication by means ( 8 signall]s ) 8 brigadi]4 #f4 ,he w fix on "s c5tral position1 :]e he c receive reports1 & communicate rapidly ) all portions ( 8 =ce4 #g4 ,he w arrange = fir/ treatm5t ( casualties on ! spot1 & = _! transf] to ! dress+ /ation ( ! be>] company4 #h4 ,he w make himself acqua9t$ ) ! be/ l9e ( retirem5t to ! rally+ position4 ,,! ,,brigade ,,& ,,division ,,9 ,,def5ce4 #agd4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #a4 ,! duties ( a brigade or divisional comm&] are practically ! same z ^? ( ! (fic] comm&+ a battalion4 ,x may be repeat$1 h[ev]3 7i7 t ! rule ( detail+ a complete unit1 ) an adequate /aff1 = ! deliv]y ( ! decisive c\nt]-attack1 %\ld always be obs]v$2 7ii7 t ! position ( ! (fic] comm&+ %\ld be c>efully select$4 #b4 ,on an ext5d$ field ( battle1 & p>ticul>ly 9 brok5 c\ntry1 x is n always easy to f9d a place :]e ! fir+-l9e c be sup]vis$1 & ! opportunities = c\nt]-attack obs]v$ be=e x is too late to take advantage ( !m2 & 9 "s cases1 ! (fic] comm&+ w h to rely entirely on ! reports ( 8 /aff (fic]s & ! subord9ate comm&]s4 ,x is ess5tial1 !n1 t ! sy/em ( collection & transmission ( in=mation %\ld be complete & ?or\ghly und]/ood2 9 peace ex]cises z mu* att5tion %\ld be paid to ?is mo/ important po9t z to tra9+ (fic]s & m5 to make cle>1 concise & useful reports4 ,,supply ,,& ,,transport ,,( ,s4,a4 7#cjc-;,,in*7 ,,ammunition ,,9 ,,! ,,field4 #age4 ,supply & transport ( ammunition 9 ! field4 #a4 ,s]vice ammunition & regim5tal res]ve4--,a battalion takes ) x into ! field1 9 regim5tal *>ge1 ,s]vice #ajj r\nds p] rifle1 c>ri$ by ! soldi]2 ammunition4 #d1jjj r\nds pack$ on ! c>riage ( ! ma*9e gun#h2 #b boxes on ea* ( eight pack animals 7i4e41 "o pack animal p] company72 & #af boxes 9 ea* ( five ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts1 also ,regim5tal #f1fjj r\nds p] ma*9e gun 9 "o res]ve4 ,s4,a4,a4 c>t4 7#a1jjj r\nds = ,%ort ,l4,e4 rifle & = ma*9e gun1 & #a1ajj r\nds = ,l4,m4 or ,l4,e4 rifle are c>ri$ 9 ea* box74 ,on ! m>* "o pack animal w be 9 re> ( ea* company2 f\r ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts 7includ+ t c>ry+ ! ma*9e gun ammunition71 w be 9 re> ( ! battalion2 ! rema9+ two c>ts w =m a brigade res]ve4 ,(fic]s comm&+ battalions w arrange = ! repl5i%m5t ( ?is ammunition at e fav\rable opportunity4 ,!y are responsible t ! ammunition c>ri$ by ! m5 is complete1 & t :5 ammunition is exp5d$1 x is replac$ ) ! lea/ possible delay4 #b4 ,brigade ,res]ve4--,a brigade res]ve ( small arms ammunition w be =m$ by two ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts be+ deta*$ f ea* battalion1 ^! w foll[ 9 re> ( ! brigade4 ,ea* brigadi] w detail a m\nt$ (fic] to take *>ge ( ! brigade res]ve4 #c4 ,divisional ,res]ve4--,a divisional res]ve ( #ajj r\nds p] rifle & #h1hjj r\nds p] ma*9e gun is c>ri$ 9 ! small arms ammunition section ( ! ammunition columns ( brigades ( divisional artill]y1 ea* ( :i* w supply "o ( ! infantry brigades ( ! division to :i* !y belong4 ,! same numb] ( r\nds = corps troops is c>ri$ 9 ! special section atta*$ to ! ammunition column ( ! horse artill]y brigade4 ,! divisional res]ves are 9 artill]y *>ge4 #d4 ,ammunition ,p>k4--,fifty r\nds p] rifle & #i1jjj r\nds p] ma*9e gun4 #e4 ,g5]al arrangem5ts 9 ! action4--,9 action ! ammunition pack animals w be advanc$ z close z possible to _! respective companies1 e advantage ( cov] be+ tak5 9 do+ s2 two ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts w foll[ z close 9 re> ( ! supports to ! fir+-l9e z ! ho/ile fire w p]mit1 "o be+ usually 9 re> ( ea* w+2 ! rema9+ c>t w foll[ 9 re> ( ! battalion res]ve4 ,! c>t c>ry+ ! ma*9e gun ammunition w move z direct$ by ! (fic] comm&+ ! ma*9e guns4 ,dur+ an action ! regim5tal res]ve ammunition c>ri$ 9 ! c>ts w be 9 *>ge ( ! s]jeant-major1 :o %\ld get into communication ) ! supports & also ! brigade res]ve by means ( signall]s4 ,! brigade res]ve ( ammunition w foll[ 9 re> ( ! c5tre ( ! brigade1 or z ! ,g5]al ,(fic] ,comm&+ may direct4 ,x %\ld be accompani$ by signall]s1 :o %\ld ma9ta9 communication ) ! v>i\s regim5tal res]ves4 ,:5 a ,s4,a4,a4 c>t ) ! supports is empti$1 x w be replac$ by a full c>t f ! regim5tal res]ve1 ! empty c>t be+ s5t back to ! brigade res]ve1 :5 x w be replac$ by a full "o4 ,z soon z !re are f\r empty ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts ) ! brigade res]ve ! (fic] 9 *>ge w s5d a message z foll[s to ! (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! divisional res]ve3 8,s5d up f\r ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts to ! --? brigade40 ,x is1 h[ev]1 unnecess>y to wait till f\r c>ts are empty1 if ammunition is urg5tly requir$4 ,on ! arrival ( ! c>ts f ! divisional res]ve1 ! horses w be unhook$ & *ang$1 & empty c>ts s5t back to ! divisional res]ve4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a brigade 9 action be+ ord]$ to advance ?r\gh woods or ov] brok5 gr\nd :]e communication _c be ma9ta9$1 ! ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts ( ! brigade res]ve may be di/ribut$ betwe5 battalions1 & ! divisional res]ve w\ld con=m to ! g5]al movem5t4 ,9 ! case ( a battalion be+ deta*$ to any di/ance a simil> c\rse w\ld be pursu$1 a brigade res]ve be+ re=m$ z soon z possible4 #f4 ,in/ructions = ! (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! brigade res]ve ( ammunition4 7i7 ,he w z soon z possible op5 up communication ) ! divisional res]ve & also ) ! v>i\s regim5tal res]ves4 7ii7 ,a m\nt$ ord]ly w be s5t to him f ! divisional res]ve to be us$ only = ! purpose ( communicat+ ) ! divisional res]ve4 ,he w communicate ) ! regim5tal res]ves by means ( signall]s4 7iii7 ,! e>lie/ opportunity is to be tak5 7:5 f\r ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts are empty1 or soon] if necess>y7 to fill up empty c>ts f ! divisional res]ve4 ,! brigade res]ve %\ld be reg>d$ z available = ! brigade g5]ally1 & also 9 case ( necessity x w supply ammunition to any troops engag$4 7iv7 ,m5 & horses belong+ to ! brigade res]ve are n to be s5t to ! divisional res]ve4 ,m5 & horses belong+ to ! divisional res]ve are n to be s5t fur!r to ! front ?an ! brigade res]ve1 except 9 a case ( em]g5cy4 7v7 ,empty ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts are to rema9 ) ! brigade res]ve until !y are replac$ by full ones4 7vi7 ,receipts prep>$ by ! (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! divisional res]ve w be sign$ by ! (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! brigade res]ve = ! numb] ( full c>ts receiv$ by him4 7vii7 ,aft] an action or dur+ a pause 9 ! engagem5t all defici5cies ( ammunition mu/ be made good f ! divisional res]ve4 #g4 ,battalion arrangem5ts = issu+ extra ammunition4--,ea* company comm&] w detail "o non-commission$ (fic] & two privates to act z ammunition c>ri]s 7if ! company is /rong1 ?ree privates %\ld be detail$74 ,only m5 ( /r5g? & activity %\ld be select$ = ?is duty1 ! importance ( :i* _c be ov]rat$4 ,:5ev] a s]i\s engagem5t is imm95t1 (fic] comm&+ battalions w issue to ! m5 #ej r\nds f ! ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts1 s t1 if possible1 e man %all c>ry #aej r\nds on 8 p]son4 ,! extra ammunition %\ld g5]ally be issu$ be=e leav+ ! halt+ place ( ! previ\s night4 ,dur+ an action e opportunity w be tak5 = supply+ ammunition to ! fir+ l9e by s5d+ "s up by c>ri]s or ) re9=cem5ts4 ,! c>ri]s br+ ! ammunition f ! pack animals 7or f ! ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts7 9 canvas ammunition bags1 & di/ribute x to ! m5 9 ! ranks4 ,! bags1 :5 n 9 use1 are c>ri$ on ! pack animals4 ,! loads are n to exce$ #fjj r\nds to ea* c>ri]4 ,:5 m ammunition is requir$ by ! fir+-l9e x w be tak5 =w>d by any m5 at h&1 act+ z c>ri]s4 ,! c>ri]s w move direct to ! companies = :i* !y are de/9$4 ,if !re is a difficulty 9 _! gett+ back !y may be reta9$ 9 _! ranks till ! action is ov]4 ,x is ! duty ( section & squad comm&]s to make sure t all ammunition f ! kill$ & w\nd$ is collect$ & di/ribut$4 ,! sy/em ( c>ry+ ammunition by h&1 "h provid$ =1 is n to prev5t e endeav\r be+ made to pu% ! ,s4,a4,a4 c>ts z f> =w>d z practicable4 ,!y ought1 9 ord9>y circum/ances1 to get )9 #a1jjj y>ds ( ! fir+-l9e1 & 9 brok5 & undulat+ gr\nd consid]ably ne>]4 ,) pack animals1 x %\ld be practicable to get )9 #ejj y>ds ( ! fir+-l9e4 ,! imm5se importance ( hav+ a supply ( ammunition out ( sight ( ! enemy1 & yet )9 easy rea* ( ! fir+-l9e1 w ju/ify great risks be+ incurr$ 9 gett+ x to su* a position4 #agf4 ,entr5*+ ,tools4 #a4 ,! entr5*+ tools ( a battalion are c>ri$ on two tool c>ts & on eight pack animals 7i4e41 "o p] company74 ,a brigade res]ve ( entr5*+ tools is c>ri$ on "o ,g4,s4 wagon4 #b4 ,on ! m>*1 ! pack animals c>ry+ ! tools w be ) ^? c>ry+ ! ammunition1 i4e41 "o 9 re> ( ea* company4 #c4 ,9 action1 ! pack animal c>ry+ ! tools w keep z close to its company z ! enemy's fire w admit1 b ! driv] mu/ use 8 discretion 9 do+ s2 = in/ance1 on b>e op5 c\ntry x w seldom be advisable to advance ! animals close to ! fir+ l9e1 :]eas :5 advanc$ positions h be5 secur$1 x w usually be necess>y to take tools at once up to ! fir+ l9e1 9 ord] t ! position may be /r5g!n$ aga9/ c\nt]-attacks4 ,! tool c>ts w usually accompany ! ammunition c>t ) ! res]ve1 & w be "u ! s]jeant-major1 ! tools1 if necess>y1 be+ c>ri$ =w>d :5 requir$ by m5 f ! res]ve4 ,! brigade res]ve ( tools w rema9 ) ! brigade ammunition res]ve1 & w be "u ! ord]s ( ! (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! latt]4 ,,"p ,v4 ,,annual ,,c\rse ,,( ,,tra9+4 #agg4 ,description ( ,c\rse4 #a4 ,! annual tra9+ ( ! soldi]#i w be conduct$ on sy/ematic & progressive pr9ciples4 ,militia & volunte] battalions w1 z f> z circum/ances p]mit1 obs]ve ! _s ( ^! in/ructions4 #b4 ,at home x w comm5ce on ! #a/ ,m>*1 & t]m9ate on ! #ca/ ,octob]4 ,at tropical or semi-tropical /ations ! c\rse may be modifi$ to suit climatic & o!r conditions2 b ^! in/ructions w be obs]v$ z closely z possible4 #c4 ,! c\rse w comm5ce ) company tra9+1 cont9ue ) battalion tra9+1 :i* w be foll[$ by brigade & division tra9+1 & t]m9ate ) comb9$ manuvres ( all arms4 #d4 ,ex]cises 9 ! field w z a rule be c>ri$ out 9 s]vice conditions z reg>ds equipm5t4 #e4 ,musketry classification practices w be c>ri$ out z may be ord]$ by ! g5]al (fic] comm&+2 field practices w be c>ri$ out p]iodically ?r\gh\t ! c\rse4 #agh4 ,detail ( ! ,c\rse4 #a4 ,company ,tra9+4--,! fir/ p]iod ( ! annual tra9+ w be exclusively devot$ to company tra9+4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ea* company w be /ruck (f all duties = #cf consecutive work+ days4 ,aft] a brief revision ( elem5t>y "w ! in/ruction ( tra9$ soldi]s w = ! mo/ "p consi/ ( ex]cises 9 ! field to practise subord9ate lead]s 9 ! art ( comm& & ! h&l+ ( m5 9 all s]vice conditions4 ,company tra9+ w inv>iably conclude ) a practical inspection by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #b4 ,battalion ,tra9+4--,z soon z ! company tra9+ is complet$1 battalion tra9+ w comm5ce1 = :i* purpose ea* battalion1 or portion ( a battalion1 w be /ruck (f all duties1 & be at ! disposal ( its comm&] = at lea/ #ah1 & if possible #bd1 consecutive work+ days4 ,! tra9+ w ma9ly consi/ ( ex]cises 9 ! field1 includ+ fir+1 m>*+1 c4 7i7 ,9 ! e>li] portion ( ?is p]iod battalions may1 if _! comm&]s consid] x exp$i5t1 be sub-divid$1 & ex]cis$ "u arrangem5ts simil> to ^? laid d[n = ! company4 7ii7 ,at /ations :]e s+le battalions are qu>t]$1 or :]e deta*m5ts are =m$1 ! _s ( ! above in/ructions w be obs]v$4 7iii7 ,! ,g5]al ,(fic] ,comm&+ w hold 8 inspection t[>ds ! conclusion ( ! tra9+4 #c4 ,brigade & ,division ,tra9+ & ,manuvres4--,brigade & division tra9+ & manuvres w take place dur+ ! rema9+ mon?s ( ! annual c\rse1 ! "t allott$ to ea* be+ decid$ by ! ,g5]al ,(fic] ,comm&+4 #d4 ,9 c>ry+ out ! c\rse x is op5 to ,g5]al ,(fic]s ,comm&+1 :ile con=m+ to ! _s ( ! above detail1 to modify x to suit ! circum/ances ( any p>ticul> comm&4 ,?us 9 "s cases x may be m conv5i5t to /rike (f = tra9+ ea* company or battalion = ?ree days dur+ ea* week2 or1 at /ations :]e brigade & division tra9+ & comb9$ manuvres _c take place1 m "t may be allott$ to company & battalion tra9+ respectively4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 be exceptional = a battalion n to be tra9$ annually ) its own & o!r arms ( ! s]vice4 #e4 ,dur+ ! furl\gh season e facility is to be giv5 to well conduct$ m5 to visit _! fri5ds2 b ?is p]iod w be occupi$ by su* (fic]s & m5 z are pres5t ) ! battalion 93-- ,! tra9+ ( (fic]s 9 pr(essional duties 7see ,k+'s ,regulations1 p>a4 #fgf1 & 8,comb9$ ,tra9+10 ,s4 #ahj47 ,! special tra9+ ( subalt]n (fic]s ( companies z in/ructors & lead]s4 ,! special tra9+ ( non-commission$ (fic]s4 ,in/ruction ( sc\ts4 ,company (fic]s1 non-commission$ (fic]s & m5 %\ld h at lea/ two h\rs physical tra9+ e week dur+ ! furl\gh season4 ,ob/acle tra9+4 ,drill4 ,visual tra9+ 7see ,s4 #ah1 ,musketry ,ex]cises74 ,tra9+ & inspection ( signall]s4 ,tra9+ ( ma*9e gun deta*m5ts1 & range tak]s4 ,tra9+ 9 semaphore signall+4 ,all (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s & #bj p] c5t4 ( ! m5 to be tra9$4 #agi4 ,annual ,c\rse ( ,tra9+ ( ,auxili>y ,=ces4 #a4 ,! annual tra9+ ( units w be c>ri$ out on ! same sy/ematic & progressive pr9ciples z h be5 laid d[n = ! ,regul> ,=ces4 #b4 ,x is n possible = ! ,auxili>y ,=ces 9 ! limit$ "t = tra9+ at _! disposal to c>ry out ! provisions ( ! annual c\rse z laid d[n = ! ,regul> ,army1 b ! _s ( ! in/ructions w be obs]v$4 #c4 ,! annual tra9+ 9 camp w be conf9$ to tactical ex]cises & fire discipl9e1 c41 except 9 ! case ( ! ,militia1 by :om drill may1 9 addition1 9 v exceptional circum/ances be practis$4 #ahj4 ,g5]al rules = annual tra9+4 #a4 ,all ranks to be in/ruct$4--,e available (fic]1 non-commission$ (fic]1 & man1 ) ! exception ( private soldi]s ( m ?an fifte5 ye>s' s]vice1 b&sm51 pione]s1 & su* z are exempt$ f ! annual c\rse ( musketry1 w be pres5t1 & w be reliev$ ( all o!r duties4 ,leave or furl\gh w1 on days ( in/ruction1 be grant$ only 9 v exceptional circum/ances4 #b4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ! battalion %\ld1 if practicable1 g into camp or biv\ac 9 s]vice conditions = f\r days2 ?is may be done sep>ately by companies if m conv5i5t4 #aha4 ,company tra9+4 #a4 ,me?od ( in/ruction4--,! duty ( ! (fic] comm&+ ! battalion is to sup]vise ! tra9+ ( ! company & give company lead]s ! b5efit ( 8 exp]i5ce1 b he %\ld n lay d[n ! me?od to be employ$ 9 ! tra9+ ( companies4 ,! tra9+ mu/ be c>ri$ out by ! (fic]s ( ! company )\t undue int]f]5ce on ! "p ( sup]iors4 ,x is only :5 ! me?ods are manife/ly wrong1 & w\ld "w h>m1 t !re %\ld be int]f]5ce4 ,p>ticul> att5tion mu/ be paid to ! individual in/ruction ( ! soldi]1 & to ! improvem5t ( 8 capacity to ?9k & act = himself4 ,?is c be/ be atta9$ by explanation previ\s to & dur+ an ex]cise1 & by repetition ( ! practice :5 necess>y2 x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ! int]e/ ( ! m5 is apt to flag if !y are kept too long at "o subject4 ,! basis ( ! :ole sy/em ( tra9+ is c>eful individual in/ruction1 & gradual progression f ! simple to ! m difficult4 ,dur+ in/ruction 9 elem5t>y pr9ciples companies %\ld act alone1 or aga9/ a m>k$ enemy & ! company comm&] %\ld conc5trate 8 att5tion on ! individual in/ruction ( 8 m52 b 9 _m ( ! advanc$ ex]cises an oppos+ body gives n only increas$ int]e/ to ! practice1 b also makes x m in/ructive4 ,:5 companies act z oppos+ =ces1 ea* practice %\ld be bas$ on a def9ite supposition & object1 a s*eme %\ld be drawn up & execut$ z f> z is possible 9 conditions ( actual w>f>e1 & a m\nt$ (fic] %\ld be detail$ to act z umpire4 ,! greate/ att5tion mu/ be paid to ! developm5t ( section & squad comm&4 ,! capable lead+ ( small] units is an important item ( success 9 ! attack4 ,dur+ inclem5t wea!r1 in/ruction w be giv5 9 ! drill %$ or b>rack room by means ( lectures1 explanations1 c4 ,ea* day's "w %\ld be c>efully prep>$ by company comm&]s1 & %ort lectures ( ab\t #bj m9utes on ! ex]cises to be c>ri$ out1 giv5 to all ranks4 ,at ! practice ( outpo/ duties a broad di/9ction %\ld be drawn betwe5 individual in/ruction & tactical tra9+4 ,dur+ ! =m] e private %\ld be po/$ z s5try1 ! company %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ! rudim5ts ( outpo/ "w1 & ! prescrib$ duties %\ld be c>ri$ out )\t ref]5ce to ! tactical situation1 or ! employm5t ( ! m9imum numb] ( m5 9 ! s5try l9e2 ! ma9 body ( ! piquet may1 9 ord] to save "t & give m practice 9 s5try & patrol duty1 be indicat$ by a flag4 ,d>+ tactical tra9+ outpo/s %\ld be plac$ 9 accordance ) a s*eme1 /rictly 9 s]vice conditions4 #b4 ,exam9ation by ! comm&+ (fic]4--,at ! end ( ! c\rse ! (fic] comm&+ ! battalion w devote "o day to an exam9ation ( ! company4 ,! s*eme = ?is day %\ld be drawn up ei!r "u ! direction ( ! g5]al (fic] comm&+1 or by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #c4 ,g5]al (fic]s comm&+4--,!y w p]sonally sup]vise ! companies "u tra9+ z mu* z possible1 & :5 circum/ances p]mit be pres5t at ! exam9ation by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #d4 ,musketry c\rse to be comb9$4--,! field practices :i* c be comb9$ ) tra9+1 %\ld be c>ri$ out z "p ( a tactical ex]cise4 ,9 field practices 9 :i* ! :ole company fires at "o "t1 ! ex]cise may1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 be practis$ ) blank ammunition1 & aft]w>ds be c>ri$ out ) ball c>tridge4 ,dur+ ! ex]cise ! mann] 9 :i* ! m5 take advantage ( cov]1 & h[ !y adapt ! fir+ position to ! irregul>ities ( ! gr\nd1 w be c>efully wat*$ by ! company in/ructor4 #e4 ,equipm5t = in/ruction4--,! t5ts & tools au?oris$ ,equipm5t ,regulations1 ,"p ,i1 ,s4 ,x1 8,camp ,equipm5t & ,intr5*+ ,tools10 & ! bridg+ /ores laid d[n 9 ,regulations = ,eng9e] ,s]vices1 w1 9 ord9>y circum/ances1 be suffici5t = ! in/ruction4 ,%\ld any increas$ issue be requir$1 a special application w be made ?r\gh ! g5]al (fic] comm&+4 #f4 ,returns4--,to ensure t e man is acc\nt$ =1 ,a4,f4 ,b #bad w be kept dur+ ! annual tra9+ & produc$ = ! inspection ( ! g5]al (fic] comm&+1 if he desires4 #e4 ,night ,op]ations4--,on days :5 night op]ations are to be c>ri$ out ! "w dur+ ! day %\ld be ( a light nature1 al?\gh n susp5d$ altoge!r4 ,night outpo/s %\ld be practis$ on f\r occasions at lea/4 #f4 ,intr5*$ po/s1 c4--,arrangem5ts w1 :5ev] possible1 be made by g5]al (fic]s comm&+ = a po/ to be plac$ 9 a /ate ( def5ce 9 ord] t ! def5ces & ob/acles m5tion$ 9 p>a4 #h 7vii7 may be %[n to ! m54 ,!y %\ld occasionally place ! s]vices ( an (fic] ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s at ! disposal ( company comm&]s to give te*nical advice on ! entr5*m5ts & field "w execut$ by ! company4 #g4 ,blank ammunition4--,blank ammunition w be us$ 9 practis+ ! m advanc$ ex]cises4 #h4 ,syllabus ( ,in/ruction4--,! ,syllabus ( ,in/ruction is giv5 z a guide2 ! capta9 be+ held responsible t 8 company is ?or\ghly in/ruct$4 ,to ensure ?is x may be necess>y to repeat _m1 & comb9e "s ( ! practices4 7i7 ,attack & def5ce2 g5]al pr9ciples2 control ( fire2 effect ( fire2 fire discipl9e2 infantry =mations ) reg>d to fire2 protection ( flanks2 duties ( half company1 section1 & squad comm&]s4 ,infantry 9 attack2 g5]al rules2 di/ribution2 duties ( sev]al bodies2 ! decisive attack2 ! assault2 rally+ & r$i/ribution2 measures to secure a position won2 hold+ attacks2 fe9ts2 flank attacks2 surprises2 issue ( ord]s2 =mations g5]ally & =mations to meet em]g5cies2 frontage1 direction1 pace2 utilisation ( cov] & adapt+ =mations to gr\nd2 fire positions & mutual support ( units1 by fire1 to cov] advances2 practice ( casualties4 ,infantry 9 def5ce2 di/ribution2 occupation ( a position2 c\nt]-attacks4 ,attack & def5ce ( positions1 woods1 defiles1 bridges1 h\ses1 c4 ,retirem5ts4 ,action aga9/ cavalry & artill]y4 ,escort to guns4 ,supply ( ammunition4 7ii7 ,composition1 =mation & action ( advanc$1 re> & flank gu>ds1 by day & night1 9 v>i\s circum/ances4 7iii7 ,sc\t+4 ,conduct ( patrols by day & night 9 v>y+ c\ntry4 ,reconnoitr+ positions1 woods1 defiles1 villages4 ,importance ( obs]v+ & report+ accurately :at is se54 ,necessity ( transmitt+ in=mation4 ,ambuscades4 7iv7 ,outpo/s1 g5]al pr9ciples2 importance ( vigilance ( *ange f day to night positions2 attack by day & night4 ,opportunity mu/ be giv5 = locat+ s\nds & e/imat+ _! di/ance by night4 ,night m>*+ to be comb9$ ) surprise attacks on ! outpo/ l9e4 7v7 ,convoys2 _! escort1 attack & def5ce4 7vi7 ,use ( pick & %ovel2 m>k+ out & execution ( tasks2 ext5sion ( work+ p>ties by day & night4 ,execution ( %elt] tr5*es & a portion ( a field "w2 selection ( site1 pr(ile1 con/ruction by day & "u cov] ( d>kness4 7vii7 ,def5ce ( h$ges1 banks1 dit*es1 po/s1 h\ses1 c4 ,ob/acles4 ,con/ruction ( loopholes4 ,use ( cutt+ tools4 ,revetm5ts4 ,p5etration ( bullets4 7viii7 ,knott+ & la%+4 ,! load+ ( pack animals ,me?od ( pack+ :eel$ transport4 7ix7 ,camp+4 ,pit*+1 /rik+1 unpack+ & pack+ t5ts 9 ! valise4 ,tell+ (f camp p>ties4 ,biv\acs4 ,sanit>y precautions 9 camp & on ! l9e ( m>*2 position & con/ruction ( latr9es4 ,field kit*5s2 cook+ 9 mess t9s2 knead+ & bak+ bread & *upatties2 cook+ ( ration biscuits4 ,ord]s conc]n+ wat] supply & boil+ ( wat]4 ,exp$i5ts = increase ( m5's com=t 9 ! field2 c>e ( feet4 #ahb4 ,battalion ,tra9+4 #a4 ,me?od ( in/ruction-- ,! tra9+ ( ! battalion w be c>ri$ out on ! pr9ciples t h be5 laid d[n = ! company4 ,,special ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,non-,,commission$ ,,(fic]s4 #ahc4 ,me?od ( ,in/ruction4 ,! non-commission$ (fic]s ( companies1 & privates likely to become non-commission$ (fic]s1 w be in/ruct$ by ! (fic]s ( ! company 9 ! foll[+ subjects4 ,! value ( ! in/ruction giv5 to non-commission$ (fic]s1 & _! k 9 map read+1 c41 w be te/$ by g5]al & comm&+ (fic]s4 #a4 ,subjects-- 7i7 ,map read+4 7ii7 ,duties z comm&]s ( sections & squads4 7iii7 ,duties on outpo/s4 7iv7 ,duties on advanc$1 re> & flank gu>ds4 7v7 ,sc\t+ & ! developm5t ( p[]s ( obs]vation4 7vi7 ,duties z comm&]s ( patrols4 7vii7 ,writ+ brief reports ( in=mation ga9$4 7viii7 ,def5ce ( small po/s4 #b4 ,me?od ( in/ruction-- ,! tra9+ 9 ! subjects enum]at$ 9 p>a4 #a w be c>ri$ out p>tly by lectures1 b *iefly 9 ! field4 ,! foll[+ po9ts may be m5tion$ to %[ ! l9e :i* %\ld be adopt$ 9 c>ry+ out ! in/ruction4 7i7 ,map read+4--,hav+ receiv$ !oretical in/ruction 9 ?is subject1 non-commission$ (fic]s %\ld be %[n h[ to fix _! position on a map1 h[ to id5tify places by means ( x1 & h[ to use x 9 a /range c\ntry4 ,!y %\ld next be assembl$ at a po9t 9 ! vic9ity ( ! /ation2 ea* provid$ ) a map1 & direct$ to meet ! (fic] at "s o!r po9t at a giv5 h\r1 to move by a diff]5t road1 & to m>* at a giv5 rate4 7ii7 ,outpo/s4--,by small outpo/ s*emes1 :5 ! non-commission$ (fic]s' k ( ! subjects %\ld be te/$ by que/ions z to ! positions !y w\ld sugge/ = ! v>i\s portions ( ! outpo/s4 7iii7 ,reconnaissance4--,by s5d+ ! non-commission$ (fic]s out f an imag9>y outpo/ l9e z comm&]s ( patrols & direct+ !m to furni% %ort reports4 ,,"p ,,vi4 ,,c]emonial4 #ahd4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #a4 ,except :5 x may be necess>y to l9e ! /reets = c]emonies1 ! in/ructions giv5 9 ?is ,"p are to be conf9$ exclusively to ! occasions m5tion$4 #b4 ,=mation ( companies4--,companies w fall 9 9 l9e1 be equaliz$ & siz$ f flanks to c5tre1 numb]$ f "r to left1 & told (f into half companies & sections4 ,squad comm&]s w be 9 ! ranks4 ,! comm&]s ( ! out] sections w be on ! flanks ( ! front rank2 !y w c>ry out ! duties laid d[n 9 ,"p ,,ii = squad comm&]s 9 a simil> position1 & w dress ! company if requir$2 !y w fix bayonets :5 ! m5 d4 ,9 o!r respects ! in/ructions 9 ,p>ts ,,ii & ,,iii are applicable to ! =mation ( companies1 & to ! position ( sup]num]>ies4 ,signall]s & pione]s w rema9 9 ! sup]num]>y rank ( _! companies4 ,:5 a non-commission$ (fic] is 9 comm& ( a company1 he w1 9 m>*+ pa/ 9 column1 or column ( d\ble companies1 take po/ ?ree paces 9 re> ( ! c5tre ( ! company4 #c4 ,po/s ( m\nt$ (fic]s4--,9 l9e1 ! comm&+ (fic] w place himself tw5ty paces 9 front ( ! c5tre ( ! l9e4 ,! second 9 comm& w be on ! "r1 & ! adjutant on ! left ( ! l9e ( company comm&]s4 ,a ?ird field (fic]1 if pres5t1 w be on ! "r ( ! adjutant4 ,9 column or qu>t] column ! m\nt$ (fic]s w be 9 ! same positions z 9 ,"p ,,iii1 ) ! exception t ! adjutant w be f\r paces f ! c5tre ( ! direct+ flank ( ! re> half-battalion4 ,:5 a column or qu>t] column is on ! move1 ! second 9 comm& w place himself 9 a position f :i* he c be/ sup]9t5d ! direction ( ! advance & ! cov]+ ( ! section comm&]s on ! direct+ flanks4 #d4 ,po/s ( o!r (fic]s4--,! position ( ! o!r (fic]s is z detail$ 9 ,p>ts ,,ii & ,,iii1 except t 9 m>*+ pa/ 9 qu>t] column1 9 l9e ( qu>t] columns1 or 9 mass1 ! company comm&]s w1 :5 on ! salut+ base1 take po/ on ! direct+ flank ( _! companies1 cov]$ by ! section comm&] 7align$ ) ! re> rank74 #e4 ,! ,col\r p>ty4--,9 l9e ! ,col\rs1 ea* c>ri$ by an (fic] 7z direct$ 9 ! ,k+'s ,regulations71 w be plac$ betwe5 ! two c5tre companies2 ! ,k+'s ,col\r on ! "r1 ! ,regim5tal ,col\r on ! left1 ) a s]jeant betwe5 !m & two non-commission$ (fic]s or select$ privates1 cov]+ !m 9 l9e ) ! re> rank4 ,! (fic] c>ry+ ! ,k+'s ,col\r w comm& ! p>ty4 ,if ! l9e is ord]$ to retire ! ,col\r p>ty w turn ab\t1 & ! c5tre s]jeant1 /epp+ =w>d two paces1 w align himself ) ! re> rank4 ,9 column or qu>t] column1 ! ,col\r p>ty w be 9 re> ( ! lead+ c5tre company1 its front rank align$ ) ! sup]num]>y rank cov]+ ! f\r?1 fif?1 & six? files f ! direct+ flank4 ,9 qu>t] column1 z above1 b ! two non-commission$ (fic]s 9 ! re> rank w move up respectively on ! "r & left ( ! ,col\rs4 ,9 column ( d\ble companies ! ,col\r p>ty w be 9 re> ( ! c5tre ( ! second d\ble company4 #f4 ,po/s ( /aff (fic]s1 c4--,po/s ( /aff (fic]s & /aff s]jeants1 b& & drams 7or bugles71 ma*9e gun1 regim5tal transport & /ret*] be>]s & cycli/s1 :5 pres5t1 are %[n 9 ,,plates ,,ix & ,x4 #g4 ,(fic]s' swords1 :5 to be drawn & return$4--,on c]emonial p>ades1 (fic]s w draw _! swords z !y fall 92 ! comm&] ( a p>ade w n draw 8 sword unless a s5ior (fic] be pres5t on p>ade4 ,swords w be at ! ,c>ry :5 col\rs are at ! ,c>ry1 ,s4 #ahi1 on o!r occasions !y w be at ! ,slope4 #h4 ,m>k+ po9ts & m>k]s4--,flags or po/s may be set up to m>k ! l9e on :i* troops are to =m1 or ! l9e may be pick$ out1 or m>k$ by :itewa%4 ,! section comm&]s ( ! inn] sections ( a company are available to act z m>k]s1 & "o or bo? may be employ$1 if desir$4 ,! words ,,on ,,m>k]s %\ld prec$e ! comm& giv5 :5 x is requir$ to dress on m>k]s4 ,m>k]s 9 giv+ po9ts %\ld turn t[>ds ! po9t ( =mation at arm's l5g? 9 front ( ! alignm5t1 ) arms at ! slope on ! %\ld] fur!/ f ! alignm5t4 ,:5 ! m5 approa* !y w ext5d _! inn] arm at "r angles to ! body ) ! fi/ cl5*$1 on :i* ! l9e w dress4 ,:5 ! dress+ is complet$ m>k]s w resume _! positions on ! comm& ,,/eady4 #ahe4 ,siz+ a ,company4 ,companies w be siz$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,,talle/ ,,on ,,! ,,"r1 ,! :ole w break (f & arrange ,,%orte/ ,,on !mselves accord+ to _! size 9 ,,! ,,left4 s+le rank1 ! talle/ on ! "r & ,,9 ,,s+le ! %orte/ on ! left1 c>ry+ _! ,,rank4--,,size4 rifles at ! %ort trail1 & take up _! dress+ by ! "r4 ,,numb]4 ,f "r to left ( ! :ole company4 ,,slope ,,arms4 ,,odd ,,numb]s ,,"o ,,pace ,! odd numb]s w take "o pace ,,=w>d4 =w>d1 & ! ev5 numb]s w /ep ,,ev5 ,,numb]s back "o pace4 ,,"o ,,pace ,,/ep ,,back4--,,m>*4 ,,numb] ,,"o ,,/& ,,fa/4 ,! odd numb]s1 ) ! exception ( ,,ranks1 ,numb] ,"o1 w turn to ! "r1 ! ,,"r ,,& ,,left--,,turn4 ev5 numb]s to ! left4 ,! :ole w /ep (f1 ! ev5 numb]s :eel+ r\nd to ! "r & foll[+ ! left h& man ( ! odd numb]s4 ,no4 #c ,,=m ,,company4 w =m up two paces 9 re> ( ,no4 #a2 ,,quick ,,m>*4 ,no4 #e on ! left ( ,no4 #a2 ,no4 #g 9 re> ( ,no4 #e2 ,no4 #i on ! left ( ,no4 #e1 & s on4 ,! lead+ m5 ( ! ev5 numb]s w always =m 9 ! re> rank & ! next man 9 ! front rank4 ,z ! m5 arrive 9 _! places !y w turn to ! left1 ord] arms1 & take up _! dress+4 #ahf4 ,a ,company 9 l9e salut+4#aj ,on ! comm& ,,pres5t ,,arms1 ! company comm&] w recov] 8 sword ) ! ,,fix--,,bayonets4 fir/ motion ( ! rifles1 & at ! ?ird ,,slope--,,arms4 motion 8 sword w be sm>tly l[]$ to ,,g5]al ! salute1 po9t to be twelve in*es f ! ,,salute4 gr\nd & direct$ to ! front1 edge to ! ,,pres5t--,,arms4 left2 ! arm to be /raight1 h& j beh9d ! ?igh1 ! ?umb flat on ! h&le ( ! sword4 ,! sup]num]>y rank & out] section comm&]s pres5t arms ) ! m54 ,! company comm&] w recov] 8 ,,slope--,,arms4 sword ) ! fir/1 c>ry ) ! second motion ( ! rifles4 ,swords w be slop$ :5 ! m5 ord] arms4 ,arms w !n be ord]$ & bayonets unfix$4 #ahg4 ,a ,company m>*+ pa/4 ,= ?is practice ! company w be =m$ z a company 9 l9e2 arms w be at ! ,ord]4 ,f\r po9ts1 numb]$ #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d 7,plate ,,viii71 w be plac$ m>k+ ! angles ( an oblong1 ( :i* ! long sides w be "o hundr$ paces 9 l5g?1 & ! %ort sides =ty4 ,! company w be 9 ! c5tre ( "o ( ! long sides2 ! side opposite to ! salut+ base4 ,a po9t1 t]m$ ! salut+ po9t1 w be plac$ t5 paces outside ! c5tre ( ! salut+ base1 turn$ t[>ds ! company2 & a po9t1 lett]$ 8,a10 turn$ 9 l mann]1 on ! salut+ base1 at t5 paces to ! left ( ! salut+ po9t4 ,z a rule all ^! po9ts %\ld be m>k$ by camp col\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,a ,,company ,,m>*+ ,,pa/4 ,,fix--,,bayonets4 ,,slope--,,arms4 ,,m>* ,,pa/4 ,,=m--,,f\rs1 ,,"r4 ,! company w /ep (f1 & w *ange ,,by ,,! direction to ! left r\nd ! fir/ po9t4 ,,left1 ,,quick--,,m>*1 ,,left--,,:eel4 ,,company--,,halt1 ,:5 ! "r ( ! company arrives on ,,left ,,turn4 ! salut+ base1 ! comm&] w ord] x ,,"r--,,dress1 to ,,halt1 ,,left ,,turn1 & ,,"r ,,dress1 :5 x ,eyes--,front4 w be dress$ by ! "r section comm&]4 ,! comm&]1 po/$ z 9 l9e1 i4e41 ?ree paces 9 front ( ! c5tre ( ! company1 w !n give ! comm& ,,by ,,! ,,"r1 ,,quick--,,m>*4 ,on rea*+ ! po9t 8,a0 he w give ,,eyes--,,"r1 ^u :i* all1 except ! "r section comm&]1 w turn _! heads & eyes well to ! "r1 look+ ! ,,by ,,! ,,"r1 inspect+ (fic] 9 ! face1 & ! ,,quick--,,m>*4 comm&] w salute 9 f\r paces1 ?us3--,! ,,eyes--,,"r4 sword is rais$ by ext5d+ ! arm to ! "r1 & by a circul> motion br\ght to ! ,recov]2 !n cont9u+ ! motion to ! "r %\ld]1 f :5ce ! sword is l[]$ to ! same position z = ! salute :5 ! m5 pres5t arms4 ,^! f\r motions are to be comb9$ into "o easy movem5t1 ! salute be+ complet$ 9 f\r paces4 ,! head w be turn$ t[>ds ! review+ (fic]4 ,:5 ! company is t5 paces beyond ! salut+ po9t ! comm&] w give ,,eyes--,,front ^u :i* all w turn _! heads & ,,eyes--,,front4 eyes to ! front1 & ! comm&] w ,recov] 8 sword1 make a pause ( a pace1 & !n come to ! ,c>ry4 ,(fic]s w nev] salute m ?an once 9 m>*+ pa/1 except :5 practis+ ! salute4 ,! company1 if requir$ to resume its position on ! orig9al alignm5t1 w be mov$ !re f ! second or ?ird po9t 9 any conv5i5t =mation4 ,,reviews4 #ahh4 ,=mations to be practis$4 ,battalions t d n execute ! =mations = savage w>f>e w1 be=e tak+ "p 9 reviews1 practise =m+ l9e f qu>t] column1 ,s4 #aji 7#a71 qu>t] column f l9e1 ,s4 #aab 7#a71 also advanc+ 9 l9e1 ,s4 #aaj4 #ahi4 ,! ,col\rs4 #a4 ,on all c]emonial p>ades ! foll[+ rules z to ! c>ry+ ( ,col\rs w be obs]v$4 ,:5 at ! halt1 ,col\rs w nev] be slop$2 !y w be c>ri$ at ! ,c>ry or ! ,ord]1 accord+ z ! troops are at ! ,slope or ! ,ord]4 ,:5 on ! move ,col\rs w always be c>ri$ at ! ,slope1 except :5 on ! salut+ base1 :5 advanc+ 9 review ord]1 & :5 m>*+ 9 sl[ "t d[n ! ranks :il/ troop+ ! ,col\r1 !y w !n be at ! ,c>ry4 ,at ! ,c>ry ! ,col\r /aff w be c>ri$ p]p5dicul>ly 9 ! belt1 :i* w be worn ov] ! left %\ld]2 ! corn] ( ! ,col\r w be held 9 ! "r h&1 :i* w also grasp ! /aff level ) ! =ehead4 ,:5 at ! ,ord] ! ,col\rs w !n be plac$ p]p5dicul>ly on ! gr\nd at ! "r side4 #b4 ,! ,col\rs w be let fly3-- ,z ! caution is giv5 = a ,royal or g5]al salute1 & 9 m>*+ pa/ on rea*+ po9t 8,a40 ,! ,col\rs w be l[]$3-- ,to ^? entitl$ to ! complim5t1 z ! m5 pres5t arms4 7,see ,k4 ,r4 #de47 #c4 ,m\nt$ (fic]s1 ) swords drawn1 9 pass+ uncas$ ,col\rs1 w rema9 at ! ,c>ry1 turn+ ! head1 & glanc+ t[>ds ! ,col\rs until !y h pass$ !m4 ,if at ! ,slope !y w ,c>ry :ile pass+ ! ,col\rs1 return+ aft]w>ds to ! ,slope4 ,(fic]s ^: swords are n drawn w salute ! ,col\rs ) ! "r h&4 ,cas$ ,col\rs w n be salut$4 #aij4 ,review ( a battalion4 #a4 ,=mation4--,! battalion w be drawn up 9 l9e z 9 ,plate ,,ix2 bayonets w be fix$ & arms slop$4 ,:5 ! colonel ( ! regim5t is pres5t he w be t5 paces 9 front ( ! (fic] comm&+ ! battalion4 ,%\ld ! colonel-9-*ief be also pres5t1 he w be t5 paces 9 front ( ! =m]4 #b4 ,receiv+ ! review+ (fic]4 ,:5 ! review+ (fic] rea*es a po9t ab\t sixty paces 9 advance ( ! c5tre ( ! battalion1 he w be receiv$ ) a salute1 ,,g5]al ! m5 pres5t+ arms1 ! b& play+ ! ,,salute4 fir/ "p ( a sl[ m>*1 & ! drums beat+4 ,,pres5t--,,arms4 ,m\nt$ (fic]s w salute 9 ! same mann] & "t z ! company comm&]s1 except t at ! ,salute ! blade ( ! sword w be kept 9 l9e ) ! knee1 h& directly "u ! %\ld]4 ,,slope--,,arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,a ,,battalion ,,9 ,,l9e4 ,sup]num]>y ,rank4 ,/ret*] ,be>]s1 ,ma*9e ,guns14 7,cycli/s ,sections47 ,wagons1 ,mules1 ,c>ts4 ,di/ances are giv5 9 ,paces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4 ,a ,,battalion ,,9 ,,column4 ,ma*9e ,gun4 ,cycli/ ,section4 ,/ret*] ,be>]s4 ,wagons1 ,mules1 ,c>ts4 ,! ,fir/ ,rank ( ! ,pione]s & ! ,la/ ,rank ( ! ,b& %\ld be equidi/ant f ! ,front & ,re> ( ! ,column4 ,di/ances & ,int]vals are giv5 9 ,paces4 #c4 ,receiv+ ! ,sov]eign1 or a ,royal ,p]sonage4 ,,royal ,,salute4 ,z 9 prec$+ p>agraph 7see ,also ,s4 ,,pres5t--,,arms4 #ahi71 b ! b& w play ! ,national ,an!m1 or ! fir/ six b>s ( x 7see ,k4 ,r4 #de74 ,,slope--,,arms4 #d4 ,inspection 9 l9e4 ,! review+ (fic]1 accompani$ by ! comm&+ (fic] ( ! battalion1 :o w ride on ! side fur!r f ! troops1 w !n pass d[n ! l9e f "r to left1 return+ along ! re>1 ! m5 /&+ ) slop$ arms4 ,! b& w play a m>* until he returns to ! "r ( ! l9e4 ,! review+ (fic] w !n give ord]s = ! m>* pa/4 #e4 ,inspection 9 column4 7,,plate ,x47 ,:5 a battalion is review$ 9 column1 ! review+ (fic] w be receiv$ z 9 ,s4 #aij 7#b7 or 7#c72 he w !n inspect ! companys 9 column1 ea* company comm&] receiv+ him ) a salute1 & foll[+ him dur+ ! inspection ( 8 company1 ! m5 /&+ ) slop$ arms & bayonets fix$4 ,aft] ! inspection ( ! company1 ! comm&] w unfix bayonets & /& at ease4 #aia4 ,battalion m>*+ pa/4 #a4 ,po9ts w be plac$ on ! pr9ciples describ$ 9 ,s4 #ahg2 ! po9ts m>k+ ! salut+ base w be cov]$ 9 a l9e at a conv5i5t di/ance f ! salut+ po9t4 #b4 ,9 ,column4--,bayonets hav+ be5 fix$1 & qu>t] column by ! "r hav+ be5 =m$ on ,no4 #a1 ! battalion w move to ! "r 9 f\rs2 on rea*+ ! fir/ po9t x w :eel a qu>t] circle to ! left1 mov+ on z soon z ! *ange is complet$2 x w be halt$ & turn$ to ! left on ! salut+ base by ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,! "r section comm&]s w turn ab\t & be cov]$ by ! adjutant1 & on ! comm&+ (fic]'s ord] ,,battalion1 ,,"r--,,dress1 !y w dress _! companies1 & give ! ^w ,eyes--,front4 ,,advance ,,9 ,,column ,,by ,! comm&+ (fic] w give ! caution ,,! ,,"r4 to advance 9 column4 ,no4 #a4 ,! comm&] ( ,no4 #a w !n m>* x (f1 ,by ! ,"r1 ! rema9+ companies foll[+ 9 succession ,quick--,m>*4 at company di/ance1 & act+ z 9 ,s4 #ahg4 #c4 ,9 qu>t] column4--,if ! battalion be requir$ to m>* pa/ 9 qu>t] column1 ! lead+ company w be halt$ :5 x has mov$ to =ty-five paces beyond ! ?ird po9t4 ,qu>t] column w be =m$ by ord] ( ! second 9 comm&1 :o w sup]9t5d ! cov]+4 ,! column w *ange ranks1 ord] arms1 & on ! comm& ,,left ,,dress1 ! direct+ section comm&]s w /ep back two paces1 align+ !mselves ) ! re> rank1 & ! company comm&]s w take po/ on ! left ( ! front rank1 & ! companies w dress by ! left4 ,! battalion w !n be ord]$ to slope arms & m>* pa/ 9 qu>t] column4 ,! comm&+ (fic] w give ! ^w ,,eyes--,,left :5 at t5 paces f ! salut+ po9t1 & ,,eyes--,,front :5 ! re> company has pass$ ! inspect+ (fic]4 ,company comm&]s w n look to ! left4 ,if requir$ to resume its position on ! orig9al alignm5t1 ! battalion w be mov$ !re f ! second or ?ird po9t 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t & quicke/ =mation4 ,z ! battalion moves (f ! salut+ base1 company comm&]s & section comm&]s w resume _! respective po/s 9 qu>t] column4 #d4 ,m\nt$ ,(fic]s4--,:5 m>*+ pa/ ! inspect+ (fic]1 ! ,comm&+ (fic] w be t5 paces 9 front ( ! c5tre section ( ! lead+ company ne>] ! salut+ base1 ! second 9 comm& 9 front ( ! o!r c5tre section 9 l9e ) ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,if ! colonel ( ! regim5t be pres5t he w be tw5ty paces 9 front ( ! c5tre ( ! lead+ company4 ,%\ld ! colonel-9-*ief be also pres5t1 he w be t5 paces 9 front ( ! colonel4 ,! adjutant w foll[ t5 paces beh9d ! c5tre ( ! re> company1 if a ?ird field (fic] is pres5t he w be t5 paces beh9d ! second section ( ! re> company1 & ! adjutant t5 paces 9 re> ( ! ?ird section4 ,all m\nt$ (fic]s w comm5ce _! salute :5 !y arrive at po9t 8,a40 ,! comm&+ (fic]1 aft] he has salut$1 w move out & place himself on ! "r ( ! inspect+ (fic]1 & rema9 !re till ! battalion has pass$2 ! second 9 comm& assum+ comm&4 #e4 ,m\nt$ (fic]s salute 9 m>*+ pa/4--,! salute w be p]=m$ 9 f\r sl[ motions z foll[s3-- ,fir/3 ,c>ry ! sword direct to ! "r to ! full ext5t ( ! arm1 h& z high z ! %\ld]1 back ( ! h& to ! re>1 blade p]p5dicul>4 ,second3 ,br+ ! sword by a circul> motion to ! ,recov]1 keep+ ! elb[ z high z ! %\ld]4 ,?ird3 ,/ill keep+ ! elb[ ! height ( ! %\ld]1 br+ ! hilt to ! "r %\ld]1 h& z high z ! elb[2 dur+ ?is motion let ! f+] nails come 9 l9e ) ! edge ( ! sword4 ,f\r?3 ,l[] ! sword to ! front to ! full ext5t ( ! arm1 ! blade 9 l9e ) ! knee1 edge to ! left1 ?umb ext5d$ 9 ! direction ( ! po9t1 h& directly "u ! %\ld]4 ,! above f\r motions %\ld be gradually & sl[ly comb9$ into "o easy movem5t4 ,! head %\ld be turn$ well t[>ds ! review+ (fic] :il/ pass+ him1 & t5 paces beyond t (fic]1 ! sword is ,recov]$1 c>ry+ x well to ! front 9 do+ s1 & !n br\ght to ! ,c>ry4 ,:5 ! sword is at ! ,c>ry1 ! position is ) ! hilt re/+ on ! "r ?igh1 ! blade p]p5dicul>1 ! wri/ r\nd$ s z to incl9e ! edge slightly to ! left1 ! grasp ( ! l[] f+]s slightly relax$1 ! little f+] 9 re> ( ! hilt4 #f4 ,(fic]s to salute once only4--,(fic]s1 :e!r m\nt$ or dism\nt$1 w salute only on ! fir/ occasion ( m>*+ pa/2 m\nt$ (fic]s only w salute :5 m>*+ pa/ 9 qu>t] column4 #g4 ,battalion /aff (fic]s4--,! /aff (fic]s1 except+ ! adjutant1 d n m>* pa/1 & w place !mselves 9 re> ( ! salut+ po9t2 b ! assi/ant adjutant w m>* pa/ ) ! company to :i* he belongs4 #h4 ,w>rant (fic]s & /aff s]jeants4--,! s]jeant-major w be two paces 9 column1 & "o pace 9 qu>t] column1 9 re> ( ! c5tre ( ! col\r p>ty2 ! /aff s]jeants w n be requir$ to m>* pa/4 ,! b&ma/] & s]jeant drumm] 7c>ry+ 8 /aff at ! ,trail1 z he passes ! salut+ po9t71 w salute ) ! out] h& on ! fir/ occasion ( m>*+ pa/4 #i4 ,drums & b&4--,= m>*+ pa/1 ! b& & drums 7or bugles7 w move up to fifty paces 9 advance ( ! lead+ company1 bo? =m$ 9 two or m ranks4 ,! b& w comm5ce play+ z soon z ! lead+ company advances on ! salut+ base4 ,:5 x arrives 9 front ( ! salut+ po9t x w turn to ! left1 *ange direction to ! "r1 & halt & turn to ! "r opposite to ! salut+ po9t1 cont9u+ to play until ! re> ( ! battalion has pass$4 ,! b& ma/] w face ! salut+ po9t4 #aj4 ,9 m>*+ pa/ signall]s1 :o w be 9 ! sup]num]>y rank ( _! companies1 w c>ry _! flags at ! ,trail & _! rifles slung4 #aa4 ,ma*9e guns1 cycli/ sections1 & /ret*] be>]s w m>* pa/ five paces 9 re> ( ! battalion4 ,cycli/ section ne>e/ ! salut+ base & on foot on ! left ( _! cycles4 ,ma*9e guns 9 ! c5tre1 /ret*] be>]s on ! out] flank4 ,%\ld !re be m ?an "o section1 cycli/s w m>* pa/ 9 column ( sections t5 paces beh9d ! ma*9e guns1 c4 #ab4 ,regim5tal transport4--,w m>* pa/ tw5ty paces 9 re> ( ! battalion1 c>ts ne>e/ ! salut+ base1 mules 9 c5tre1 transport wagons on ! out] flank4 #aib4 ,a battalion advanc+ 9 review ord]4 ,if requir$1 ! battalion w be =m$ 9 l9e ) bayonets fix$ & arms slop$1 & on ! comm& ,,advance ,,9 ,,review ,,ord]1 ,,quick--,,m>*1 x w advance by ! c5tre1 ! b& & drums play+ till )9 ?irty paces ( ! inspect+ (fic]1 :5 x w be halt$ & ord]$ to salute 9 ! same mann] z :5 receiv+ him2 aft] :i* x w be direct$ to ord] arms1 & w wait = ord]s 7see also ,s4 #ahi74 #aic4 ,review ( a ,brigade4 #a4 ,=mation4--,! brigade may be =m$ ) battalions 9 l9e at any ord]$ int]val1 & proce$ 9 ! same mann] z a s+le battalion1 or1 9 l9e ( qu>t] columns1 z 9 ,plate ,,xi1 at any ord]$ int]val ) bayonets fix$4 #b4 ,receiv+ ! review+ (fic] 9 l9e ( qu>t] columns4-- ,on ! ^w ,m>* f _! comm&]s1 col\rs w be br\ght to ! ,slope1 ! (fic]s ( ea* battalion w slope swords & ,,(fic]s ,,& w place !mselves ?ree paces 9 front ( ,,col\rs ,,w ! front rank ( ! lead+ company1 siz$ ,,take ,,po/ f flanks to c5tre1 at equal di/ances f ,,9 ,,review ea* o!r1 ,col\rs 9 ! c5tre2 (fic]s ( ,,ord]4 "r companies mov+ out by ! "r flank1 ,(fic]s & & ( left companies by ! left flank1 ,col\rs ,col\rs4-- by ! direct+ flank4 ,! second 9 comm& ,quick--,m>*4 w be on _! "r1 & ! adjutant 7& ?ird field (fic]7 on _! left4 ,! l9e ( (fic]s w be dress$ by ! second 9 comm& ( ! "r battalion ( ! brigade4 ,! comm&+ (fic] w be t5 paces 9 front ( ! lead+ company4 ,! brigadi] w place himself =ty paces 9 front ( ! c5tre ( 8 brigade2 ! brigade /aff w be t5 paces 9 re> ( ! brigadi]1 ! brigade major t5 paces on ! "r1 ! ,a4,d4,c4 or ord]ly (fic] t5 paces on ! left4 ,z ! review+ (fic] approa*es1 ! infantry w slope arms1 & he w be salut$1 ! m5 pres5t+ arms ! (fic]s salut+1 ,col\rs fly+1 & ! b&s play+4 ,aft] ! salute ! infantry w be ord]$ to slope arms1 & ! inspect+ (fic] w g d[n ! l9e1 accompani$ by ! brigadi] on 8 out] h&4 ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,col\rs ,,w ,,take ,on ! ^w ,po/1 ! (fic]s ( ea* ,,po/4 battalion w turn outw>ds f ! c5tre1 ! ,(fic]s & (fic]s c>ry+ ! ,col\rs turn+ to ! ,col\rs take direct+ flank1 & on ! ^w ,m>*1 ! ,po/4 ,quick :ole w move to _! places4 --,m>*4 #c4 ,inspection ( a ,brigade 9 l9e4 ,:5 troops are drawn up 9 l9e = review by an (fic] sup]ior to ! brigadi]1 aft] ! salute has be5 giv51 ! brigadi]1 accompani$ by 8 /aff1 w po/ himself on t flank ( 8 comm& to :i* ! inspect+ (fic] repairs2 he w receive him & accompany him to ! limit ( 8 comm&2 ! brigade /aff1 :ile pass+ d[n ! l9e1 w prec$e ! brigadi] by two horses' l5g?4 #d4 ,drums & b&4 ,:5 drums & b&s are mass$ !y w ea* be 9 f\r ranks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,,review ,,( ,a ,,brigade4 ,brigade =m$ up to receive ,inspect+ ,(fic]4 ,no4 #d4 ,battalion4 ,no4 #c4 ,battalion4 ,no4 #b4 ,battalion4 ,no4 #a4 ,battalion4 ,field ,hospital4 ,be>] ,company4 ,supply ,column4 ,int]vals & ,di/ances z requir$4 #aid4 ,a ,brigade m>*+ pa/4 #a4 ,po9ts w be plac$ on ! pr9ciples prescrib$ = a battalion1 & ! brigade w m>* pa/ z ! g5]al (fic] comm&+ may direct4 ,9 column1 f l9e ( qu>t] columns4--,on ! caution f ! brigadi]1 comm&+ ,,m>* ,,pa/4 (fic]s w ord] _! battalions to =m f\rs to ! "r1 & !y w move (f on 8 signal4 ,ea* battalion 9 succession1 :5 x rea*es ! fir/ po9t1 w :eel to ! left at ! d\ble by ord] ( its comm&]1 mov+ =w>d & *ang+ ! "t :5 x has advanc$ suffici5tly n to *eck ! battalion 9 re>2 :5 ! lead+ battalion rea*es ! salut+ base1 x w be halt$1 turn$ to ! left1 & dress$ by ! "r4 ,! rema9+ battalions w =m mass 9 re> ( ! lead+ battalion1 mov+ by ! %orte/ l9es4 ,! m>* pa/ w be p]=m$ on ! pr9ciples describ$ 9 ,s4 #aia 7#b74 #b4 ,9 d\ble companies4--,:5 a brigade drawn up 9 l9e ( qu>t] columns is to m>* pa/ 9 d\ble companies1 ! foll[+ me?od w be adopt$3--,! battalions w move to ! "r 9 f\rs1 & :eel to ! left at ! d\ble1 9 succession1 z !y rea* ! fir/ po9t1 receiv+ ! ^w ,,=w>d foll[$ by ,,quick--,,m>*1 :5 t pace w n *eck ! battalion 9 re>4 ,:5 ab\t half way to ! second po9t1 ! fir/ battalion w =m d\ble companies1 ?us3--,! comm&+ (fic] hav+ giv5 ! comm& ,,qu>t] ,,column ,,( ,,d\ble ,,companies1 ,,left ,,companies1 ,,m>k ,,"t1 ,,left--,,incl9e1 ! left companies w m>k "t1 & ! "r companies w close :5 cle> to qu>t] column on ,no4 #a1 ! left companies receiv+ ! ^w ,=w>d1 ,"r--,incl9e f _! comm&]s s z to jo9 ! "r4 ,! rema9+ battalions hav+ =m$ d\ble companies w move into mass4 ,ea* battalion w m>* pa/ z direct$ = a battalion 9 column1 ! ^w ( comm& to ea* d\ble company be+ giv5 by ! company comm&] on ! "r4 ,! d\ble companies w m>* (f at company di/ance4 ,:5 ! re> d\ble company is tw5ty-five paces beyond ! salut+ po9t ! second 9 comm& w give ! words ,,left ,,companies1 ,,m>k--,,"t1 ,,"r--,,incl9e1 ,,d\ble1 ! (fic]s comm&+ ^? companies giv+ ,left ,incl9e1 ,quick--,m>* ,by ! ,"r1 :5 9 column4 ,! column w !n be clos$ on ! m>* to qu>t] column2 & ! brigade w be clos$ to mass on ! lead+ battalion1 :i* w h *ang$ ranks1 ord]$ arms & dress$2 ea* ( ! rema9+ battalions w act 9 l mann]4 ,if ! brigade is to return 9 mass1 suffici5t di/ance w be all[$ = ! re> company ( ! re> battalion to rea* ! ?ird po9t4 ,9 mass ( qu>t] columns4--,if requir$1 ! brigade may !n return 9 mass4 ,:5 m>*+ pa/ 9 column or 9 column ( d\ble companies1 or 9 mass1 ?irty paces' di/ance w be pres]v$ betwe5 battalions1 c41 su* di/ance to be reckon$ f ! la/ item ( a prec$+ battalion to ! head ( ! comm&+ (fic]'s horse ( a foll[+ "o4 ,9 l9e ( qu>t] columns4--,! brigade may be =m$ into l9e ( qu>t] columns1 ) int]vals ( eight paces betwe5 battalions1 z foll[s3 ,! lead+ battalion w advance till its re> company rea*es ! requir$ po9t on ! salut+ base1 x w !n be ord]$ to halt1 *ange ranks1 ord] arms1 & dress4 ,z ! re> ( ea* succe$+ battalion arrives at tw5ty-five paces beyond ! salut+ po9t1 x w be mov$ by ! diagonal m>* to its position on ! out] flank ( ! lead+ battalion 9 ! new alignm5t4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! l9e ( qu>t] columns is dress$ exactly at "r angles to ! salut+ base be=e mov+ (f2 ! comm&]s ( companies ( ! out] battalions look+ inw>ds & dress+ on ! correspond+ companies ( ! battalion ne>e/ ! salut+ base4 ,9 a brigade compos$ ( battalions ) an unequal numb] ( companies1 ! re> companies & ,col\r p>ties ( ! weak] battalions are to be align$ ) ! re> companies & ,col\r p>ties ( ! /rong]4 ,comm&+ (fic]s w be t5 paces 9 front ( ! c5tre ( _! lead+ companies1 all o!r m\nt$ (fic]s t5 paces 9 re> ( _! respective battalions1 ! :ole dress+ by ! direct+ flank4 ,9 ?is m>* pa/ ! brigadi] w give ! executive ^w to move (f1 i4e41 ,,brigade1 ,,by ,,!--1 ,,quick--,,m>*4 #c4 ,supply column1 field hospital & be>] company w n m>* pa/ 9 mass or l9e ( qu>t] columns4 #d4 ,brigadi]s1 /affs c4--,:5 a brigade m>*es pa/ an inspect+ (fic] sup]ior to ! brigadi]1 ! latt] (fic] 7accompani$ by 8 aide-de-camp or ord]ly (fic]7 w fall out aft] salut+1 & w place himself on ! "r ( ! inspect+ (fic]4 ,! brigadi] w be tw5ty paces 9 front ( ! m\nt$ (fic]s ( ! lead+ battalion1 or 9 l9e ( qu>t] columns 9 front ( ! c5tre ( ! brigade1 prec$$ at a di/ance ( t5 paces by 8 /aff1 :o w be 9 l9e2 t5 paces ap>t1 ! brigade major next ! salut+ base4 #e4 ,drums & b&s1 c4--,be=e m>*+ pa/1 ! mass$ drums & b&s w move to ! head ( ! brigade4 ,:5 m>*+ pa/ 9 column1 or 9 column ( d\ble companies1 ! mass$ drums & b&s prec$+ ! brigade /aff w1 on arriv+ 9 front ( ! salut+ po9t1 =m opposite to x1 & play till ! re> ( ! brigade has pass$4 ,!y mu/ be mov$ (f at su* a di/ance 9 front ( ! brigade /aff z w all[ ( _! cle>+ ! front :5 opposite ! salut+ po9t1 )\t *eck+ ! m\nt$ (fic]s foll[+ !m4 ,:5 m>*+ pa/ 9 mass1 ! mass$ drums & b&s w advance on ! out] flank ( ! mass p>allel ) ! lead+ company1 halt+ opposite ! salut+ po9t2 !y w play ! mass pa/1 & move on aga9 opposite ! c5tre ( ! re> battalion4 ,! wagons & ma*9e guns w be mass$ tw5ty paces 9 re> ( ! re> battalion1 ma*9e guns ne>] ! salut+ base4 ,mules1 cycli/s1 & /ret*] be>]s w n be mass$4 ,:5 m>*+ pa/ 9 l9e ( qu>t] columns1 ! mass$ drums & b&s w be 9 front ( ! c5tre ( ! brigade1 prec$+ ! brigade /aff by t5 paces4 ,9 m>*+ pa/ 9 ?is =mation1 drums & b&s w move /raight on1 ! b&s ceas+ to play :5 ! re> ( ! brigade has pass$ ! salut+ po9t4 ,! ma*9e guns w be mass$ tw5ty paces 9 re> ( ! battalion ne>e/ ! salut+ base4 ,wagons1 mules1 cycli/ & /ret*] be>]s w n be mass$4 #aie4 ,a brigade advanc+ 9 review ord]4 ,if requir$ to advance 9 review ord] by ! inspect+ (fic]1 battalions may be =m$ 9 l9e ( qu>t] columns at any int]val1 arms at ! ,slope1 & ! (fic]s & ,col\rs 9 front1 z describ$ 9 ,s4 #aic 7#b74 ,! l9e ( qu>t] columns w !n advance1 ! b&s & drums play+1 & :5 at a conv5i5t di/ance f ! review+ (fic] x w be halt$ & ord]$ to salute1 aft] :i* x w be direct$ to ord] arms1 & w wait = ord]s4 ,supply columns1 field hospitals1 & be>]-companies w n advance 9 review ord]4 #aif4 ,review ( a division4 #a4 ,=mation4--,a division may be =m$ up = review z 9 ,plate ,,xii1 & proce$ z describ$ 9 ,s4 #aic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,review ,,( ,a ,,division4 ,division =m$ up to receive ,inspect+ ,(fic]4 #b4 ,inf4 ,brig4 #a4 ,inf4 ,brig4 ,f4 ,coy4 #b4 ,brig4 ,artill]y4 ,squadon4 ,field ,hospital4 ,supply ,column4 ,int]vals & ,di/ances z requir$4 #b4 ,position ( ! g5]al1 ! /aff1 c4--,! g5]al w be 9 front ( ! c5tre ( 8 division1 ?irty paces f ! brigadi]s2 ! brigadi]s be+ po/$ z 9 ,s4 #aic 7#b72 & (fic]s comm&+ artill]y & eng9e]s at simil> di/ances 9 front ( _! comm&s2 ! divisional /aff w be drawn up 9 ?ree l9es1 t5 paces 9 re> ( ! g5]al (fic] comm&+ ! division1 di/ances & int]vals t5 paces1 ?us3-- ,g4,o4,c4 ,a4,d4,c4 ,d4,a4,a4 & ,,(fic]1 ,q4,m4,g4 ,,g5]al ,,/aff4 #c4 ,:5 ! review+ (fic] moves to ! "r ( ! l9e1 ! divisional g5]al1 accompani$ by 8 /aff1 w act z 9 ,s4 #aic 7#c71 brigadi]s w rema9 9 position 9 front ( _! brigades4 #d4 ,! b&s ( ! division %\ld be mass$ 9 re> ( its c5tre to play a ,royal or o!r salute1 & !n resume _! position 9 re> ( _! respective brigades z soon z ! ,royal ,p]sonage or review+ (fic] moves to ! "r ( ! l9e4 #e4 ,! ord] ( m>* ( ! /aff :5 pass+ d[n ! l9e w be z foll[s1 ! di/ances & int]vals be+ t5 paces3-- ,a4,d4,c4 ,d4,a4,a4 & ,,(fic]1 ,q4,m4,g4 ,,g5]al ,,/aff4 ,g4,o4,c4 #aig4 ,a division m>*+ pa/4 #a4 ,a division w m>* pa/ z ! g5]al (fic] comm&+ may direct1 & on ! pr9ciples laid d[n = a brigade4 #b4 ,g5]als1 ,brigadi]s1 c4--,:5 a division m>*es pa/1 ! g5]al ( ! division only w move to ! salut+ po9t1 accompani$ by 8 s5ior /aff (fic]4 #c4 ,position ( ,/aff4--,! g5]al & /aff w m>* pa/ ?irty paces 9 front ( ! comm&] 7or /aff7 ( ! lead+ unit 9 ! foll[+ ord]1 di/ances & int]vals t5 paces3-- ,a4,d4,c4 ,,(fic]1 ,d4,a4,a4 & ,,g5]al ,,/aff4 ,q4,g4,m4 ,g4,o4,c4 ,no (fic]s o!r ?an ! above w jo9 ! divisional /aff4 #d4 ,di/ances w be z foll[s1 or z ! g5]al (fic] comm&+ may direct3--,:5 m>*+ pa/ 9 column1 column ( d\ble companies1 or mass1 sixty paces w be pres]v$ betwe5 arms & brigades4 ,:5 9 l9e ( qu>t] columns1 !re w be "o hundr$ & fifty paces betwe5 brigades2 ! o!r arms w m>* pa/ 9 column only4 #e4 ,! b&s ( ! lead+ brigade w comm5ce play+ z ! brigade moves (f1 ^? ( succe$+ brigades z soon z ! b& ( ! brigade 9 front ( !m ceases to play4 #aih4 ,review ( any l>g] body ( troops ?an a division4 #a4 ,=mation4--,! troops w be =m$ up = review z 9 ,plate ,,xiii1 or z ! g5]al (fic] comm&+ may direct4 #b4 ,position ( ,g5]als & ,/affs4--,(fic]s comm&+ infantry brigades1 c41 ) _! respective /affs1 w be po/$ z 9 ,s4 #aic 7#b72 g5]al (fic]s comm&+ divisions1 ) _! /affs1 w take po/ z laid d[n 9 ,s4 #aif 7#b74 ,! g5]al (fic] comm&+ w be 9 front ( ! c5tre ( ! l9e1 fifty paces f g5]al (fic]s comm&+ divisions2 ! /aff w be drawn up 9 two l9es1 t5 paces 9 re> ( ! g5]al (fic] comm&+1 at int]vals ( t5 paces1 t5 paces be+ pres]v$ betwe5 l9es1 ?us-- ,g4,o4,c4 ,g4,o4 ,,9 ,,*>ge ,,( ,,adm9i/ration4 ,a4,d4,c4 ,,(fic]1 ,a4,m4,s4 ,,(fic]1 ,a4,d4,c4 ,,g5]al ,,/aff4 ,,g5]al ,,/aff4 ,a4,q4,m4,g4 ,d4,a4,a4 & ,q4,m4,g4 ,a4,a4,g4 ,no o!r (fic]s w jo9 ! /aff2 (fic]s atta*$ to ! /aff w =m up beh9d ! salut+ flag1 or at any o!r conv5i5t po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,,review ,,( ,,any ,,l>g] ,,body ,,( ,,troops ,,?an ,a ,,division4 ,=m$ up to receive ,inspect+ ,(fic]4 #crd4 ,divn4 #bnd4 ,divn4 #a/4 ,divn4 ,,corps ,,troops4 ,royal ,eng9e]s ,brig ,r4,f4,a4 ,cavalry ,regim5t ,brig4 ,r4,h4,a4 ,brig4 #dg4 or #e4 ,supply ,p>k4--,supply ,column4 ,field ,hospital4--,field ,bak]y4 ,ammunition ,p>k4 ,int]vals & ,di/ances z requir$4 #c4 ,b&s w be mass$ 9 re> ( ! c5tre to play a ,royal or o!r salute1 & resume _! positions 9 re> ( _! respective divisions z soon z ! ,royal p]sonage1 or review+ (fic]1 moves to ! "r ( ! l9e4 #d4 ,:5 ! inspect+ (fic] moves to ! "r ( ! l9e ! g5]al (fic] comm&+1 accompani$ by 8 /aff1 w act z 9 ,s4 #aif 7#c72 g5]al (fic]s comm&+ divisions & brigades w rema9 9 position 9 front ( _! comm&s4 #e4 ,ord] ( m>* :5 pass+ d[n ! l9e4--,! ord] ( m>* :5 pass+ d[n ! l9e w be z foll[s1 di/ances & int]vals1 z 9 7#b73-- ,d4,a4,a4 & ,q4,m4,g4 ,a4,q4,m4,g4 ,a4,a4,g4 ,g4,o4 ,,9 ,,*>ge ,,( ,,adm9i/ration4 ,a4,d4,c4 ,a4,m4,s4 ,a4,d4,c4 ,,(fic]1 ,,(fic]1 ,,g5]al ,,/aff4 ,,g5]al ,,/aff4 ,g4,o4,c4 #aii4 ,a l>g] body ( troops ?an a ,division m>*+ pa/4 #a4 ,! troops w m>* pa/ on ! pr9ciples laid d[n = ! division1 & 9 su* ord] z ! g5]al (fic] comm&+ may direct4 ,di/ances1 "o hundr$ paces betwe5 corps troops & divisions :5 9 column or mass1 two hundr$ paces betwe5 divisions :5 9 l9e ( qu>t] columns4 ,corps#aa troops w m>* pa/ 9 column only4 #b4 ,! g5]al (fic] comm&+ & 8 /aff w m>* pa/ at ! head ( ! corps troops1 ?irty paces 9 front ( ! comm&] 7or /aff7 ( ! lead+ unit1 z laid d[n 9 ,s4 #aih 7#e74 #c4 ,! g5]al (fic] comm&+ w move out to ! salut+ po9t accompani$ by 8 adm9i/rative g5]al4 ,g5]al (fic]s comm&+ divisions or brigades w n fall out4 #bjj4 ,royal ,review4 ,ord] ( ,m>*4 #a4 ,deta*m5t ( ,h\sehold or o!r cavalry1 prec$$ by a /aff (fic]4 #b4 ,! ,sov]eign's l$ horses4 #c4 ,aides-de-camp to ! ,inspector-,g5]al to ! ,=ces4 #d4 ,aides-de-camp to ,pr9ces ( ! ,blood4 #e4 ,equ]ries 9 wait+ to ,pr9ces ( ! ,blood4 #f4 ,aides-de-camp to ! ,sov]eign4 #g4 ,equ]ries 9 wait+ to ! ,sov]eign4 #h4 ,adjutant-g5]al1 qu>t]ma/]-g5]al1 ma/]-g5]al ( ! ,ordnance4 #i4 ,*ief ( ! g5]al /aff4 #aj4 ,inspector-,g5]al to ! ,=ces4 #aa4 ,! ,sov]eign4 #ab4 ,pr9ces ( ! ,blood4 #ac4 ,gold ,/ick 9 wait+1 ,ma/] ( ! ,horse 7if pres5t74 #ad4 ,=eign g5]al (fic]s & ,milit>y ,atta*es ( ,=eign ,p[]s4 #ae4 ,g5]al (fic]s & colonels1 9 successive ord] accord+ to rank & s5iority4 #af4 ,equ]ries & att5dants ^u ,=eign ,pr9ces4 #ag4 ,/aff (fic]s ( g5]al (fic]s pres5t4 #ah4 ,royal c>riages4 #ai4 ,deta*m5t ( cavalry4 ,,gu>ds4 #bja4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #a4 ,:5 gu>ds turn out !y w fall 9 ) slop$ arms1 ,:5 ! gu>d is comm&$ by an (fic]1 he w be ?ree paces 9 front ( ! c5tre ( gu>d1 o!r (fic]s w take po/ z 9 l9e2 :5 by a non-commission$ (fic]1 he w fall 9 on ! "r ( ! gu>d4 #b4 ,! (fic] c>ry+ ! ,col\r1 :5 pres5t1 w m>* 9 ! c5tre ( ! gu>d4 ,gu>ds1 includ+ reliefs1 r\nds & patrols1 w m>* ) slop$ arms & bayonets fix$4 ,9 wet wea!r arms w be c>ri$ at ! ,secure4 ,s5tries are to patrol ) arms at ! ,slope4 #c4 ,gu>ds w n turn out aft] retreat or be=e reveille1 except at tattoo1 on ! approa* ( a body ( troops1 9 cases ( al>m1 or to receive gr& or visit+ r\nds1 nor w !y dur+ ?is p]iod pay any complim5ts1 except to gr& r\nds1 to :om !y w pres5t arms4 #d4 ,s5tries w n pres5t arms to any (fic] or arm$ p>ty 7except gr& r\nds7 aft] sunset2 b z long z !y c disc]n an (fic]1 !y w come to _! front on 8 approa*1 & /& /eady ) ! rifle at ! slope till he has pass$4 #e4 ,s5tries 9 _! s5try boxes w salute by com+ sm>tly to att5tion4 #f4 ,! hon\rs & salutes paid by gu>ds & s5tries are detail$ 9 ! ,k+'s ,regulations4 ,p>ties m>*+ ) arms at ! secure1 & p>ties ) side arms1 w pay & return complim5ts z un>m$ p>ties4 #g4 ,all gu>ds w turn out at ! comm5cem5t ( ,reveille1 ,retreat1 & ,tattoo s\nd+1 ! comm&]s w !n c>efully inspect !m = fur!r in/ructions1 see ,k4,r4 #bei-bgb4 #bjb4 ,reliev+ or po/+ a gu>d4 #a4 ,:5 ! gr\nd admits1 a new gu>d w advance 9 l9e t[>ds ! front ( ! old gu>d1 & w be drawn up :5 possible fifte5 paces 9 front1 or :5 n possible1 six paces f ! left ( ! old gu>d4 #b4 ,z soon z ?is is complet$1 ! old gu>d w pres5t arms1 & ! new gu>d w return ! salute4 #c4 ,bo? gu>ds w 9 l successive mann] slope arms1 ord] arms1 & /& at ease4 #d4 ,! gu>d w !n be told (f & ! fir/ relief s5t out4 ,:5 ! fir/ relief ( a new gu>d is s5t out1 a corporal belong+ to ! old gu>d w accompany x1 to br+ 9 ! reliev$ s5tries4 ,if ! relief moves 9 l9e1 he w be on ! left flank1 if 9 file 7or z 9 file7 he w be at ! head ( ! front rank ( files 7or rank74 ,z soon z all ! s5tries are reliev$1 ! two corporals w *ange places1 & ! corporal ( ! old gu>d w assume comm&4 ,:ile ! relief is m>*+ r\nd1 ! comm&] w take ov] ! prop]ty 9 *>ge ( ! gu>d accord+ to ! li/ 9 ! old gu>d report4 #e4 ,:5 ! reliefs h return$1 & all ! m5 ( ! old gu>d h fall5 91 bo? gu>ds w be call$ to att5tion1 & ord]$ to slope arms1 #f4 ,! old gu>d w !n move (f 9 f\rs or file ! new gu>d pres5t+ arms4 #g4 ,:5 ! old gu>d is cle> ( ! gr\nd1 ! new gu>d w slope arms1 & if n already !re1 w move on to ! same alignm5t occupi$ by ! old gu>d4 ,arms w !n be ord]$1 & ! comm&] ( ! gu>d w read & expla9 ! ord]s ( ! gu>d to 8 m52 ^! ord]s w also be read & expla9$ to ! m5 =m+ ! fir/ relief :5 !y come (f s5try4 ,! m5 ( ! gu>d w !n be dismiss$ to ! gu>d room4 #bjc4 ,reliev+ & po/+ s5tries1 & m>*+ reliefs4 #a4 ,on ! approa* ( ! relief1 ! s5try1 ) rifle at ! ,slope1 w place himself 9 front ( ! s5try box4 ,! corporal ( ! relief w proce$ z foll[s3-- ,relief1 ,halt4 ,at ab\t six paces f ! s5try4 ,! new s5try w !n move out f ! relief & fall 9 on ! left ( ! old s5try1 fac+ 9 ! same direction2 ! old s5try w !n give ov] 8 ord]s1 ! corporal see+ !y are correctly giv5 & und]/ood4 ,! old s5try w move to 8 place 9 ! ,pass4 relief1 & ! new s5try w close two paces to 8 "r4 ,relief1 ,! relief w be m>*$ (f4 ,quick--,m>*4 #b4 ,:5 a s5try :o is to be po/$ on a new po/ has rea*$ ! po/ assign$ to him1 he w be ord]$ to halt & face 9 requir$ direction4 ,! corporal w !n read & expla9 ! ord]s to him4 #c4 ,! object = :i* he is po/$1 ! front ( 8 po/1 & ! ext5t ( 8 beat1 w be cle>ly po9t$ out to a s5try :5 fir/ po/$4 ,s5tries mu/ n quit _! arms1 l\nge or conv]se ) anyone on any pret5ce1 nor may !y /& 9 _! s5try boxes 9 good1 or ev5 9 mod]ate wea!r4 ,s5tries mov+ ab\t on _! po/ w always turn outw>ds :5 turn+ ab\t4 #d4 ,m>*+ ,reliefs4--,reliefs ( few] ?an f\r m5 w be =m$ 9 s+le rank1 :5 ( f\r m51 or upw>ds1 !y w be =m$ into two ranks4 7,9 /reets1 or n>r[ places1 reliefs %\ld always be m>*$ 9 s+le rank47 ,:5 m>*+ 9 l9e1 ! corporal w be on ! "r2 :5 9 file 7or z 9 file7 he w be on ! "r ( ! re> file 7or man74 #bjd4 ,s5tries *all5g+4 #a4 ,:5 x becomes d>k ! s5tries w *all5ge 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,on ! approa* ( a p]son ! s5try w call out 9 a %>p tone1 ,halt4 ,:o comes !re8 :5 on a po/ :]e a sudd5 ru% c\ld be made ^u him1 he w at once come to ! 8,engage10#ab b )\t draw+ back ! "r foot1 if ! p]son approa*+ gives a satisfactory reply1 ! s5try w say ,pass fri5d2 ,all's well1 rema9+ at ! ,engage till he has pass$4 ,if ! p]son approa*+ answ]s ,,gr& 7or ,,visit+7 ,,r\nds1 ! s5try1 if !re is no c\nt]sign1 w say ,pass gr& 7or visit+7 r\nds3 ,all's well2 pres5t+ arms z !y pass if !y are gr& r\nds4 ,b if !re is a c\nt]sign he w say ,/& gr& 7or visit+7 r\nds3 ,advance "o & give ! c\nt]sign1 at ! same "t com+ d[n to ! ,engage4 ,9 ?is position he w receive ! c\nt]sign2 & if x is correct w say ,pass gr& 7or visit+7 r\nds2 ,all's well2 & proce$ z above describ$4 #b4 ,if ! s5try is on or ne> ! gu>d-room door1 he w proce$ z 9 #bje4 #bje4 ,gu>ds turn+ out at night4 ,! foll[+ =m w be obs]v$ :5 a gu>d is visit$ by ! field (fic] or capta9 ( ! day1 t]m$ gr& or visit+ r\nds3-- ,on _! approa* ! s5try at or ne> ! gu>d-room door w *all5ge3 ,halt2 :o comes !re8 ,! (fic] w reply1 ,,gr& 7or ,,visit+7 ,,r\nds2 ! s5try w !n call3 ,gu>d--turn out4 ,! gu>d w fall 9 ) bayonets fix$ & arms slop$1 &1 if !re is no c\nt]sign1 ! comm&] w call out3 ,advance1 gr& 7or visit+7 r\nds2 ,all's well2 to gr& r\nds he w pres5t2 to visit+ r\nds he w rema9 at ! slope4 ,if !re is a c\nt]sign to be giv51 a corporal or s]jeant ) a flank file ( ! gu>d w d\ble out1 & :5 ab\t t5 paces f ! r\nds w ord] ! file to halt2 br+ !m to ! ,engage1 & w !n repeat ! *all5ge3 ,:o comes !re8 ,! reply w aga9 be1 ,,gr& 7or ,,visit+7 ,,r\nds2 ! non-commission$ (fic] call+3 ,/&1 gr& 7or visit+7 r\nds4 ,advance "o & give ! c\nt]sign4 ,r\nds w !n 9 a l[ voice give ! c\nt]sign1 :i* ! non-commission$ (fic] alone w c>ry1 9 d\ble "t1 = v]ification to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 ,if correct ! comm&] ( ! gu>d w call out1 ,advance1 gr& 7or visit+7 r\nds4 ,all's well4 ,! file w !n d\ble back to ! gu>d1 & r\nds w advance to ! gu>d1 :i* w pres5t arms to gr& r\nds4 #bjf4 ,gu>ds ( ,hon\r4 ,:5ev] a gu>d ( hon\r =ms up ! comm&] w be ?ree paces 9 front ( ! second file f ! "r1 or1 9 a conf9$ space1 f ! flank by :i* ! p]sonage = :om ! gu>d is m\nt$ w approa*1 ! (fic] c>ry+ ! ,col\r ?ree paces 9 front ( ! c5tre2 if !re is a ?ird (fic] he w be ?ree paces 9 front ( ! second file f ! o!r flank4 ,:5 ! gu>d is inspect$1 ! comm&] w inv>iably accompany ! p]sonage = :om x is m\nt$1 walk+ next to him r\nd ! ranks4 #bjg4 ,troop+ ! ,col\r4 #a4 ,at ! h\r appo9t$ = ?is c]emony1 po9ts w be plac$ = m>*+ pa/1 & ! gu>ds compos$ ( companies ( ! necess>y numb] & /r5g?1 =m$ into l9e fac+ ! salut+ base1 ) unfix$ bayonets1 by ! adjutant ( ! day4 #b4 ,! s5ior s]jeant ) ea* gu>d w take comm& ( x1 po/$ on ! "r ( ! front rank4 ,! ,col\r w be plac$ at a di/ance ( ab\t two gu>ds 9 front ( ! left ( ! l9e1 9 *>ge ( a s]jeant & a d\ble s5try4 ,! beat ( ^! s5tries w be at "r angles to ! l9e1 ) _! front inw>ds2 !y w be po/$ at ?ree paces "r & left ( ! ,col\r1 & act ) ! m5 9 ! l9e4 ,! s]jeant & s5tries w be tak5 f ! "r gu>d1 & ! latt] w be its "r file4 ,! s5tries turn outw>ds at ?ree paces f ! ,col\r & inw>ds at t5 paces f x1 work+ toge!r1 ! "t be+ tak5 f ! front rank man ( ! file1 :o w be on ! "r4 ,!y resume _! places ) ! "r gu>d1 :ile x is =m+ to ! left aft] receiv+ ! ,col\r1 z w be describ$ h]eaft]4 #c4 ,! b& w be =m$ 9 front ( ! "r ( ! l9e1 fac+ ! ,col\r4 ,! drums w be drawn up 9 front ( ! ,col\r1 turn$ t[>ds ! b&4 #d4 ,! adjutant w ord] ! gu>ds to slope arms1 & ! duties w be h&$ ov] by him to ! brigade major4 ,! adjutant w !n take po/ on ! left ( ! l9e4 #e4 ,! brigade major w take comm&1 &1 aft] inspect+ ! gu>ds1 w give ! words ,,ord] ,,arms & ,,/& ,,at ,,ease4 ,,non-,,commission$ ,all ! s]jeants comm&+ gu>ds w ,,(fic]s slope arms & move out two paces 9 front ( ,,comm&+ ! l9e1 ! "r-h& m5 ( ! re>-ranks ,,gu>ds1 ( gu>ds fill+ up ! int]vals left by ,,to ,,! ,,front4 _! comm&]s4 ,! drums w play a quick m>*4 ,! s]jeants w /ep (f1 & :5 ne> ! salut+ base on :i* ! gu>ds are to m>* pa/1 !y w receive ! words ,,quick--,,m>*4 ,,inw>ds--,,turn1 on :i* ! s]jeant 9 ! ,,inw>ds--,,turn4 c5tre w halt1 & turn ab\t4 ,! rema9+ s]jeants w turn inw>ds1 & w halt & turn t[>ds ! l9e aft] clos+ on ! c5tre s]jeant4 ,! drums w cease play+ be=e ! comm& ,,inw>ds ,,turn is giv54 ,,ord]--,,arms4 ,,/& ,,at--,,ease4 ,! gu>ds & s]jeants w !n be direct$ to ord] arms & /& at ease4 #f4 ,! drums w beat ! assembly1 m>*+ across ! p>ade2 !y w m>* ?r\gh ! int]vals ( ! b&1 c\nt]m>*1 & halt 9 re> ( x4 #g4 ,z ! assembly comm5ces1 ! (fic]s = duty w fall 9 ?ree paces 9 front ( ! s]jeants1 & ab\t ?ree paces f ea* o!r1 ) c>ri$ swords4 ,! brigade major w !n deliv] ! p>ole & c\nt]sign to ! comm&]s ( gu>ds1 & po9t out ! gu>ds !y are respectively to comm&4 #h4 ,:5 suffici5t (fic]s are pres5t = duty1 !re %\ld be a capta9 & lieut5ant1 besides ! lieut5ant to c>ry ! ,col\r1 ) ! "r gu>d1 :i* w =m ! escort to receive ! ,col\r4 ,:5 !re are n suffici5t (fic]s1 ! capta9 & lieut5ant = ! ,col\r only w be ) ! "r gu>d2 & ! lieut5ant comm&+ ! second gu>d w take comm& ( ! escort :5 x goes = ! ,col\r1 mov+ 9 front ( ! c5tre ( ! fir/ gu>d4 ,! o!r (fic]s w be di/ribut$ among ! rema9+ gu>ds2 & ! capta9 or o!r (fic] comm&+ a gu>d w be ?ree paces 9 front ( ! second file f ! "r2 ! lieut5ant to c>ry ! ,col\r ?ree paces 9 front ( ! c5tre2 if ano!r lieut5ant be pres5t1 he w be 9 a simil> position 9 front ( ! left4 #i4 ,! brigade major hav+ call$ ! gu>ds to att5tion1 w ord] !m to fix bayonets1 slope arms4 ,he w !n h& ! detail ( duties ov] to ! field (fic] ( ! day1 :o w take ! comm& ( ! p>ade1 & proce$ z foll[s3-- ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,non-,,commission$ ,! (fic]s & s]jeants w turn outw>ds1 ,,(fic]s ! =m] recov]+ swords1 ! latt] at ! ,,outw>ds slope4 ,,turn4 ,,take ,,po/ ,,9 ,,front ,,( ,! (fic]s & s]jeants w /ep (f2 halt+ ,,y\r ,,gu>ds4 & turn+ t[>ds ! l9e opposite _! ,,quick--,,m>*4 prop] po/s2 ! =m] w c>ry swords z !y halt4 ,on ! ^w ,,m>*1 ! (fic]s & s]jeants w /ep (f 9 sl[ "t1 ! =m] recov]+ swords z !y take ! fir/ pace4 ,! b& ,,to ,,y\r w play a sl[ m>* z ! (fic]s & ,,gu>ds4 s]jeants m>* to ! l9e1 & cease play+ z ,,sl[--,,m>*4 ! latt] arrive at _! places4 ,:5 ! (fic]s are ?ree paces f ! l9e !y w m>k "t2 ! s]jeants w m>k "t :5 on ! "r ( _! gu>ds4 ,,halt1 ,! (fic]s & s]jeants w halt & turn ,,ab\t--,,turn4 ab\t1 ! =m] c>ry+ swords4 ,! field (fic] w take po/ fifte5 paces 9 front ( ! c5tre ( ! l9e1 give ! comm& ,,ord]--,,arms1 & signal to ! b&4 #aj4 ,! b& & drums w play a ,troop1 m>*+ 9 "t to ! music f ! "r to ! left ( ! l9e4 ,on arriv+ ne> ! ,col\r !y w c\nt]m>*1 halt1 & cease play+4 ,!y w !n play a ,quick ,m>*1 & move f left to "r1 c\nt]m>*1 halt1 & cease play+ :5 9 front ( ! "r ( ! l9e4 #aa4 ,! ,drumm]'s ,call w beat4 ,on ! fir/ tap ( ! call ! capta9 & lieut5ant ( ! "r gu>d w recov] swords & turn inw>ds1 & w move across 9 quick "t2 ! capta9 plac+ himself ?ree paces 9 front ( ! "r file ( ! second gu>d1 ! lieut5ant ?ree paces 9 front ( ! lieut5ant = ! ,col\r1 :o w be ?ree paces 9 front ( ! c5tre ( ! escort4 ,if !re are only two (fic]s ) ! "r gu>d ! escort w be comm&$ by ! subalt]n f ! second gu>d4 ,! b& & drums w be plac$ 9 front ( ! "r gu>d1 & ! s]jeant-major w fall 9 f\r paces 9 re> ( ! c5tre file ( ! escort1 & draw 8 sword4 #ab4 ,! field (fic] w !n give ! comm&1 ,,escort ,,= ,,! ,,col\r1 ,,slope--,,arms4 ,,rema9d]1 ,,/& ,,at--,,ease2 ! s5tries on ! ,col\r rema9+ ) ord]$ arms4 ,escort1 ,by ! ,! escort1 prec$$ by ! b& & ,left4 ,quick--,m>*4 drums play+ ! 8,briti% ,gr5adi]s10 ,left--,=m4 w move out ! di/ance ( a gu>d & a ,=w>d by half f ! l9e1 !n =m to ! left1 ! ,c5tre4 & m>* /raight to ! ,col\r4 ,! escort w be halt$ at r m ?an =m+ di/ance f ! ,col\r4 ,! b& & drums1 :5 ne> ! ,col\r1 w *ange direction to ! left1 cle> ! escort1 cease play+1 halt1 & turn ab\t4 ,! gu>ds w be call$ to att5tion & ord]$ to slope arms by ! field (fic]4 #ac4 ,! s]jeant-major w advance by ! left flank to ! front1 receive ! ,col\r1 & return t[>ds ! escort4 ,! lieut5ant = ! ,col\r w at ! same "t move out1 f\r paces 9 front ( ! comm&] ( ! escort1 pass+ by 8 "r1 &1 hav+ salut$ ! ,col\r z ! s]jeant-major br+s x up to him1 & !n return$ 8 sword1 w receive ! ,col\r1 place x 9 8 belt1 & turn ab\t4 ,! escort w be ord]$ to pres5t arms1 ! s]jeant-major salut+1 ! s]jeants on ! flanks ( ! escort turn+ outw>ds1 & com+ to ! ,port1 b )\t op5+ ! brea* ( ! rifle1 & ! s5tries pres5t+ arms4 ,! b& & drums w play 8,god save ! ,k+0 :5 ! ,k+'s ,col\r is be+ troop$1 or ! fir/ "p ( a ,troop if ! ,regim5tal ,col\r4 #ad4 ,! escort w slope arms1 ! lieut5ant ) ! ,col\r w take po/ ?ree paces 9 re> ( ! comm&] ( ! escort1 pass+ by ,slope--,arms4 8 left1 ! s]jeant-major w resume 8 po/1 /ill keep+ 8 sword drawn1 ! s]jeant :o _h *>ge ( ! ,col\r & ! s5tries on ! ,col\r w jo9 ! escort1 & ! b& w turn ab\t4 ,left--,=m1 ,sl[--,m>*4 ,! escort w /ep (f & =m to ! left1 ,=w>d4 prec$$ by ! b& play+ ! 8,gr5adi]s' ,by ! ,left4 ,m>*40 #ae4 ,:5 ! b& & drums approa* ! left ( ! l9e !y w :eel to ! left1 & move 9 front ( ! (fic]s comm&+ gu>ds4 ,! b& & drums w1 if necess>y1 m>k "t until ! escort rea*es !m4 #af4 ,! lieut5ant :5 at f\r paces f ! l9e ( comm&]s ( gu>ds w give ! words ,"r--,turn1 ,left--,:eel1 7on :i* ! b& ,"r--,turn4 & drums w cease play+71 & on ! lead+ ,left--,:eel4 file ( ! escort arriv+ at ! left h& man ( ! front rank ( ! l9e1 w repeat ! ,left--,:eel4 comm&1 ,left--,:eel4 ,z soon z ! comm&] ( ! escort has ,,gu>ds1 giv5 ! second ^w1 ,:eel1 ! field (fic] ,,pres5t--,,arms4 w ord] ! gu>ds to pres5t arms1 & ! b& & drums w recomm5ce play+4 ,! comm&] ( ! escort w move along ! front ( ! l9e ( comm&]s ( gu>ds abrea/ ( ! second file f ! "r ( ! escort2 ! lieut5ant c>ry+ ! ,col\r foll[+ him1 abrea/ ( ! c5tre4 ,! front rank ( ! escort w 8 betwe5 ! ranks ( ! gu>ds1 & ! re> rank betwe5 ! re> & sup]num]>y ranks4 ,:5 ! head ( ! escort arrives at ! "r ( ! l9e1 ! capta9 w take ! place ( ! lieut5ant1 & move on ) ! gu>d4 ,! lieut5ant w m>k "t :5 at 8 orig9al po/1 & ! lieut5ant ) ! ,col\r w move on4 ,:5 ! escort has cle>$ ! l9e1 ! lieut5ant w give ! words1 ,halt1 ,left--,turn1 ,left--,dress1 & take po/ ?ree paces 9 front ( ! second file f ! left ( ! escort4 ,! capta9 w !n give ! words ,pres5t--,arms4 ,! b& & drums w cease play+ be=e ! escort halts1 & w !n =m up on ! "r ( ! l9e4 #ag4 ,! field (fic] w !n ord] ! gu>ds to slope arms1 & if a g5]al (fic] is pres5t ! field (fic] w ord] a g5]al salute4 #ah4 ,aft] ?is1 ! (fic]s w move to _! places1 ! ,col\r w take po/ 9 re> ( ! f\r? file f ! left ( ! "r gu>d1 ! s]jeant-major plac+ himself 9 re> ( x1 & "o s]jeant on ea* side4 ,subalt]ns n comm&+ gu>ds w take po/ ?ree paces 9 re> ( _! gu>ds4 #ai4 ,! gu>ds w !n *ange ranks1 =m column1 & *ange ranks aga9 7! sup]num]>ies reta9+ _! positions71 & m>* pa/ 9 quick "t 7or1 if requir$1 9 sl[ "t71 ) slop$ arms1 z a battalion 9 column1 & !n =m into l9e on ! orig9al alignm5t4 #bj4 ,"o non-commission$ (fic] ( ea* gu>d w !n be call$ out by ! brigade-major1 & :5 !y are cov]$ 9 column by ! s]jeant-major1 ! ord] w be giv5 ,,=m--,,gu>ds4 #ba4 ,! gu>ds hav+ be5 =m$1 & ! non-commission$ (fic]s 9 comm& ( gu>ds hav+ be5 giv5 ! c\nt]sign1 ! field (fic] w give ! comm&3-- ,,=m--,,f\rs--,,"r4 ,all gu>ds 7except ^? ( few] ?an ,,to ,,y\r f\r files1 :i* w move to _! front ,,gu>ds--,,quick--,,m>*4 9 l9e1 or turn & move (f 9 file7 w =m f\rs1 & m>* (f to _! po/s4 #bjh4 ,,pres5tation ,,( ,,col\rs4 #a4 ,! battalion1 except ! ,col\r p>ty1 b& & drums1 w be drawn up 9 l9e4 ,! place = ! ,col\r p>ty w be pres]v$ by ?ree non-commission$ (fic]s4 ,! old ,col\rs1 ) ! s]jeant & two cov]]s1 ,s4 #ahd 7#e71 ( ! ,col\r p>ty & d\ble s5tries1 w be 9 front ( ! left ( ! l9e1 at "r angles to x1 & ! b& & drums plac$ z = troop+4 ,! lieut5ants ( ! ,col\r p>ty w be ) ! escort 7! "r company71 :i* 9 ?is case w be comm&$ by a capta94 ,! new ,col\rs1 cas$1 w be 9 re> ( ! c5tre1 9 *>ge ( two s5ior col\r s]jeants4 #b4 ,! old ,col\rs w be troop$4 ,on rea*+ ! "r ( ! l9e1 ! old ,col\rs w take po/ 9 front ( ! escort1 :i* w !n advance ab\t t5 paces1 =m to ! left1 & 9 t ord] proce$ to ! left ( ! l9e1 ! b& w foll[1 play+ 8,auld ,lang ,syne40 ,! escort w return to its place by ! re>2 ! old ,col\rs1 cas$1 be+ left 9 re> ( ! battalion 9 *>ge ( two col\r s]jeants4 ,! battalion w !n =m ?ree sides ( a squ>e4 ,! drums w be pil$ 9 ! c5tre2 ! new ,col\rs w be br\ght up f ! re> by ! col\r s]jeants 9 *>ge1 & plac$ aga9/ ! pile ( drums1 "o on ea* side1 ! ,k+'s ,col\r on ! "r4 ,! second 9 comm& & s5ior lieut5ant w !n take *>ge ( ! ,k+'s ,col\r2 ! next s5ior (fic] & next s5ior lieut5ant ( ! ,regim5tal ,col\r4 ,^! (fic]s w uncase ! ,col\rs & replace !m aga9/ ! drums4 #c4 ,! consecration w !n proce$4 ,aft] ! consecration1 ! second 9 comm& w h& ! ,k+'s ,col\r to ! p]son pres5t+ ! ,col\rs1 f :om ! s5ior lieut5ant w receive x1 s9k+ on ! "r knee2 ! ,regim5tal ,col\r w 9 l mann] be h&$ by ! next s5ior (fic]1 & receiv$ back by ! second s5ior lieut5ant2 bo? lieut5ants w !n rise4 #d4 ,any address int5d$ to be made w n[ foll[4 ,l9e w !n be re=m$1 ! ,col\rs1 unfurl$ & turn$ t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! l9e1 w be giv5 a g5]al salute4 ,! ,col\r p>ty w !n m>* 9 sl[ "t to its place 9 l9e1 ! b& play+ 8,god save ! ,k+40 #e4 ,! battalion w m>* pa/1 ! old ,col\rs foll[+ 9 re> ( ! column4 #bji4 ,,fir+ ,a ,,feu-,,de-,,joie4 #a4 ,! troops w be drawn up 9 l9e1 at ! slope1 (fic]s at ! ,c>ry2 bayonets w n be fix$4 ,! comm&] ( ! p>ade & 8 /aff w be po/$ 9 front ( ! l9e1 at su* di/ance z he may decide1 & turn$ t[>ds x if desir$2 all o!r m\nt$ (fic]s w be 9 re> ( ! l9e4 ,?ree r\nds ( blank c>tridge w be fir$4 ,if artill]y are pres5t & are ord]$ to fire tw5ty-"o guns1 sev5 w be fir$ be=e ea* r\nd4 ,= ! fir/ r\nd ( ! ,feu-de-,joie all comm&+ (fic]s w give ! comm& ,load imm$iately ! artill]y comm5ces fir+1 & ! ^w ,pres5t directly ! sev5? gun has fir$1 ! comm&+ (fic] ( ! "r battalion giv+ ! comm& ,comm5ce imm$iately aft] ! ^w ,pres5t4 ,company comm&]s w /ep =w>d ?ree ,feu-de-,joie4 paces1 & ! re> rank1 sup]num]>ies & subalt]ns w /ep back two paces4 ,! out] section comm&]s & m5 w load1 by draw+ back ! bolt1 lay+ a c>tridge1 9 front & =c+ ! bolt home4 ,! ,load4 muzzles ( ! rifles to be incl9$ upw>ds1 s z to cle> ! heads ( ! m5 9 front4 ,sup]num]>y rank w /& ) arms at ! ord]4 ,pres5t4 ,rifles w be br\ght to ! position = fir+1 b elevat$ at an angle ( #de degrees4 ,comm5ce4 ,! "r-h& man ( ! front rank w comm5ce ! fire1 :i* w run d[n ! front & up ! re> z quickly z possible4 ,:5 ! "r-h& man ( ! re> rank has fir$1 ! b& w play ! fir/ "p ( 8,god save ! ,k+10 ! m5 rema9+ at ! ,pres5t4 ,on ! la/ note ( ! b& ! comm&+ (fic] w give ! ^w ( comm& ,load1 :5 ! m5 w come to ! load+ position2 ! artill]y w fire sev5 guns1 & ! infantry proce$ z above describ$4 ,two m r\nds w be simil>ly fir$4 ,:5 ! ?ird r\nd is fir$1 ! b& w play 8,god save ! ,k+10 at ! conclusion ( :i* ! comm&+ (fic] w give ! ord] ,unload1 :5 ! m5 w c>ry out ! motions1 & come to ! ord]1 ! ,col\rs be+ br\ght to ! ord] by comm& ( ! s5ior (fic] ( ! ,col\r p>ty4 ,! m\nt$ (fic]s w !n move to _! positions z 9 ,,ss4 #ahd1 #aic 7#b71 #aif1 ! company comm&]s w /ep back ?ree paces & ! comm&+ (fic] w give ! foll[+ comm&s 7on p>ades ( l>ge bodies work+ on ! signal ( ! g5]al ( ! division or brigadi]73-- ,fix ,bayonets4 ,slope--,arms4 ,royal ,salute4 ,pres5t--,arms4 ,slope--,arms4 ,ord]--,arms4 ,remove ,head-dresses4 ,?ree ,*e]s w be giv54 ,unfix ,bayonets4 ,close ,ranks--,m>*4 #b4 ,if a m>* pa/ has be5 ord]$ to foll[ ! fir+ ( ! ,feu-de-joie1 bayonets w n be unfix$4 #baj4 ,,fun]als4 ,= ,rank & ,file4 ,! fir+ p>ty1 consi/+ ( #a s]jeant1 #a corporal & #ab privates1 w be drawn up two deep1 "o pace int]val betwe5 files1 fac+ ! build+ :]e ! body is plac$4 ,! corporal w be on ! "r ( ! front rank4 ,! s]jeant w give all words ( comm&1 & be po/$ 9 re> ( ! c5tre4 ,arms w be at ! slope4 ,! pall-be>]s w see t ! flag1 head-dress & side-arms are prop]ly arrang$ on ! c(f94 ,! head-dress %\ld be ti$ to ! side-arms to prev5t ! =m] fall+4 ,z ! body is br\ght out ! s]jeant w give ! comm& ,,pres5t--,,arms1 & :5 ! c(f9 has be5 plac$ on ! gun-c>riage1 ,,rev]se--,,arms4 ,,"r--,,turn 7! corporal w n[ take up 8 place two paces 9 front & midway betwe5 ! ranks74 ,,sl[--,,m>*4 ,! m\rn]s & b& & drumm]s ) drums muffl$ w h =m$ up 9 two ranks at two paces int]val & eight paces f ea* o!r1 fac+ inw>ds1 ?r\gh :i* ! fir+ p>ty w pass 9 ! foll[+ ord]3--,fir+ p>ty2 b& & drumm]s 7mov+ 9 _! prop] =mation z soon z ! fir+ p>ty has pass$72 body & be>]s2 *ief m\rn]s 7if any72 m\rn]s4 ,! latt] w move 9 f\rs made up by two & two1 front & re> rank1 comm5c+ on ! inn] flank4 ,! drums w play ! 8,dead ,m>*0 :5 ab\t #cjj y>ds f ! hospital1 & cont9ue = su* a di/ance z ! (fic] 9 *>ge may h ord]$ be=e m>*+ (f4 ,:5 ! drums cease play+ ! fir+ p>ty w break into 8quick "t10 ! rema9d] con=m+4 ,rifles w be c>ri$ at ! trail1 butt lead+1 sl+ upp]mo/4 ,dur+ ! m>* arms may be *ang$1 b ! p>ty w n be all[$ to 8m>* at ease40 ,:5 at a conv5i5t di/ance f ! cemet]y ! p>ty w break into 8sl[ "t10 ! m5 w 8rev]se arms10 & ! b& w play4 ,:5 ! head ( ! procession arrives ne> ! gr\nd :]e x is to meet ! cl]gyman1 ! ranks w op5 out to six paces di/ance & ! s]jeant w give ! comm& ,,halt4 ,,inw>ds--,,turn 7! ranks w face ea* o!r74 ,,re/ ,,on ,,y\r ,,arms--,,rev]s$4 ,,/& ,,at ,,ease4 7,! :ole work+ by ! corporal1 :o w p]=m ! ex]cise47 ,! c(f9 w n[ be remov$ by ! be>]s & c>ri$ feet-end =emo/1 & plac$ on ! "r ( ! grave4 ,! flag1 head-dress & side-arms w !n be remov$ & ! c(f9 l[]$4 ,! m\rn]s w file r\nd ! grave1 halt & turn inw>ds )\t ^w ( comm&4 ,! fir+ p>ty w foll[ ! m\rn]s1 ! s]jeant giv+ ! comm& ,,att5tion4 ,,rev]se--,,arms4 ,,ranks1 ,,"r ,,& ,,left--,,turn4 ,,sl[--,,m>*4 ,& on arriv+ ne> ! grave ,,halt4 ,,left--,,turn4 ,,re/ ,,on ,,y\r ,,arms--,,rev]s$4 ,,/& ,,at ,,ease4 ,:5 ! s]vice comm5ces ! head-dress w be remov$ 7except fir+ p>ty7 & replac$ :5 ! s]vice is end$1 previ\s to ! volleys be+ fir$4 ,at ! end ( ! s]vice ! s]jeant w give3--,fir+ p>ty ,,att5tion4 ,,pres5t--,,arms4 ,,slope--,,arms4 ,,volleys 7) blank c>tridges7--,,load4 ,,pres5t4 ,,fire4 ,a second & ?ird volley w be fir$4 ,! s]jeant w !n give ,,unload4 ,,fix--,,bayonets4 ,,slope--,,arms4 ,,pres5t--,,arms4 ,,slope--,,arms4 ,,=m--,,f\rs4 ,,"r4 ,,quick--,,m>*4 ,! b& w lead1 foll[$ by ! fir+ p>ty & m\rn]s1 :o w =m f\rs z !y m>* (f )\t ^w ( comm&4 ,bayonets w be unfix$ aft] leav+ ! place ( burial at ! discretion ( ! (fic] 9 *>ge4 ,! b& is n to play1 nor ! drums to beat1 until ! p>ty is entirely cle> ( ! burial gr\nd4 #b4 ,fun]als ( (fic]s1 w>rant (fic]s & s]jeants w be conduct$ 9 a simil> mann] to p>a4 #a1 ! troops be+ detail$ = ! escort accord+ to ! rank ( ! deceas$4 ,(fic]s' swords are rev]s$ "u ! "r arm1 ! po9t d[nw>ds1 ! hilt be+ grasp$ ) ! "r h&1 blade upp]mo/1 ! left h& grasp+ ! blade beh9d ! back4 #c4 ,l>ge escorts w m>* by companies1 9 f\rs1 at ! head ( ! procession4 #d4 ,9 ! fun]als ( s5ior (fic]s ! arrangem5ts w be made "u ! sup]vision ( ! g5]al (fic] comm&+4 ,,note4--,to fire ?ree volleys ov] ! grave ! foll[+ proc$ure w be adopt$3-- ,:5 ! m51 aft] pres5t+ arms1 h slop$ arms1 ! comm&] w give ! foll[+ comm&s3-- ,volleys--,load4 ,! m5 w act z 9 ! ,feu-de-joie4 ,pres5t4 ,z 9 ! ,feu-de-joie4 ,fire4 ,ea* man w at once press ! trigg]1 & aft] a slight pause return to ! position = load+4 ,?is w be repeat$ until ! volleys are complet$1 :5 ! m5 w ,unload z 9 ,feu-de-joie4 ,,index4 ,ammunition1 blank1 #fb supply & transport (1 9 ! field1 #afe ,annual c\rse ( tra9+1 auxili>y =ces1 #agc battalion1 #agi company1 #agd description (1 #aga detail (1 #agb g5]al rules1 #agd ,assault1 !1 #acg ,assembly1 aft] disp]sal1 #fe ,attack1 !1 #abh battalion 9 ! hold+1 #aeb by cavalry1 meet+ an1 #ib or swordsm51 savage w>f>e1 #aai company1 g5]al rules =1 #ade co-op]ation betwe5 artill]y & infantry 9 !1 #ace decisive1 #acf direction & pace 9 !1 #adc di/ances 9 !1 #adb di/ribution ( companies 9 ! decisive1 #aej infantry 9 !1 #abh duties ( ! sev]al bodies 9 !1 #aca fe9ts 9 !1 #aci fire 9 !1 #acc fir+-l9e & supports 9 !1 #aea flank1 #aci =mations1 #adj frontage 9 !1 #ada ,attack g5]al rules = company 9 !1 #ade battalion 9 !1 #adh brigade 9 !1 #aec division 9 !1 #aed hold+1 #ach infantry =mations 9 reg>d to fire 9 !1 #acc in/ruction = ! battalion 9 !1 #aec int]vals 9 !1 #adc local flank+ fire1 #adj ma*9e guns 9 !1 #add nature ( an (f5sive action1 #abh ord]s1 issues (1 #acj = battalion 9 !1 #adi practice1 #he prelim9>y measures1 #abi rally+ & r$i/ribution1 #ach res]ve1 #aea surprises1 #adj ,attack & def5ce1 fire action1 #abf fire discipl9e1 #abg g5]al pr9ciples1 #abc position & duties ( lead]s 9 action1 #abe ranges1 #abh ,att5tion1 position (1 #ca ,auxili>y ,=ces1 annual c\rse ( tra9+1 #agc ,battalion advanc+ 9 review ord]1 #aif ,battalion 9 ! attack1 #adh di/ribution ( companies 9 ! decisive1 #aej fir+-l9e & supports1 #aea g5]al rules1 #adh hold+ attack1 #aeb in/ruction1 #aec ord]s1 #adi res]ve1 #aea ,battalion 9 ! def5ce1 g5]al rules1 #afc ,battalion 9 ! def5ce1 duties ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 #afd ,battalion drill1 #ih battalion 9 qu>t] column1 #aja op5+ to column1 #ajd column on ! m>* clos+ to qu>t] column1 #ajf column or qu>t] column advanc+1 9 f\rs1 or vice v]s1 #ajf column *ang+ direction1 #ajh ,battalion =mations1 #ajj g5]al rules1 #ih inspection (1 #aaj movem5ts 9 qu>t] column1 #ajc movem5ts 9 l9e or l9es ( company columns1 #ajh qu>t] column :eel+1 #ajc re-assembl+1 :5 disp]s$1 #aji ,battalion drill1 savage w>f>e1 #aac battalion 9 l9e1 #aad =m+ column or qu>t] column1 #aaf e*elon movem5ts f l9e1 column or qu>t] column1 #aah =mations applicable to1 #aac =mation ( squ>es1 #abj g5]al rules1 #aac l9e advanc+ 9 column1 #aah l9e *ang+ position1 f ! halt1 on a flank company1 #aaf l9e =m+ column to "r or left1 #aag l9e pass+ ob/acles or mov+ ov] brok5 gr\nd1 #aag m>*+ 9 l9e1 #aae meet+ attack by swordsm51 #aai qu>t] column or column deploy+ into l9e1 #aad savage w>f>e1 qu>t] column on ! m>* =m+ l9e to a flank1 #aah ,battalion m>*+ pa/1 #aib review (1 #ahi tra9+1 annual c\rse1 #agi ,blank ammunition1 #fb ,brigade 9 ! attack1 g5]al rules1 #aec def5ce1 g5]al rules1 #afd ,brigade drill1 #aaa brigade :eel+ f mass into l9e ( battalions1 #aab g5]al rules1 #aaa m>*+ 9 l9e ( battalions ei!r 9 column or qu>t] column1 #aac mass deploy+ into l9e ( battalions & vice v]s1 #aab savage w>f>e1 brigade 9 l9e advanc+ 9 columns or qu>t] columns1 #abb brigade =m+ squ>e1 #abb deploym5ts1 #abb m>*+ 9 l9e1 #abb ,brigade advanc+ 9 review ord]1 #bjb m>*+ pa/1 #aii review ( a1 #aif ,calls1 signals1 c41 #eg ,casualties1 skirmi%+1 #hh ,*all5g+1 mann] (1 #baa ,*ang+ direction 7squad drill71 #de & =m+ up 7squad drill71 #ej z 9 file 7squad drill71 #df ranks 7squad drill71 #di 7company drill71 #gf /ep 7squad drill71 #ci ,col\r1 troop+ !1 #bac ,col\rs1 pres5tation (1 #bbj ,col\rs1 ! #ahh ,comm&1 words (1 h[ to be giv51 #cj ,comm&]s1 position (1 9 skirmi%+1 #hh in/ructions =1 9 skirmi%+1 #hh ,comm&+ (fic]1 duties (1 9 def5ce1 #afd ,company 9 ! attack1 g5]al rules1 #ade def5ce1 duties ( subalt]ns1 section & squad lead]s1 #afb def5ce1 duties ( company lead]1 #afc g5]al rules1 #afb ,company drill1 #gb column *ang+ direction1 #hj company column =m+ company1 #gf company 9 l9e =m+ to "r or left1 #gh company 9 l9e1 or mov+ to a flank 9 f\rs1 =m+ company column1 #gh dismiss+1 #hc drill 9 s+le rank1 #ha fire action1 #hb =mation ( f\rs1 #gf =m+ up into l9e :5 m>*+1 f\rs or file1 #hj g5]al rules1 #gb inspection & tell+ (f1 #ge inspection 9 close ord] drill1 #hc m>*+ 9 l9e1 #gg movem5ts 9 l9e 7or l9es7 ( sections1 #hj re-assembl+ :5 disp]s$1 #hc ,company 9 l9e1 salut+1 #ahe m>*+ pa/1 #ahe siz+1 #ahc tra9+1 prelim9>y rem>ks1 #fg ,co-op]ation betwe5 artill]y & infantry 9 ! attack1 #ace ,c\nt] attacks1 decisive1 #afj local1 #afj ,c\rse ( tra9+1 annual1 auxili>y =ces1 #agc ,c\rse ( tra9+1 annual1 battalion1 #agi company1 #agd description (1 #aga detail (1 #agb g5]al rules1 #agd skirmi%+1 #ed ,cov]1 use (1 9 skirmi%+1 #fj ,def5ce1 !1 #aee decisive c\nt] attacks1 #afj di/ribution ( infantry =1 #aee duties ( (fic]s comm&+ res]ves1 #aei entr5*+ a position1 #aeg fire 91 #aeh local c\nt] attacks1 #afj ma*9e guns 91 #aeh occupation ( ! position1 #aef position ( ! res]ves1 #aei ,def5ce1 infantry 9 attack &4 ,see ,attack & ,def5ce4 ,def5ce1 !4 ,see ,company1 ,battalion1 ,brigade1 ,division4 ,def5ce practice1 skirmi%+1 #ij ,defile1 passage (1 #ec ,def9itions1 #af ,deploym5ts1 brigade drill1 #abb ,diagonal m>*1 #di ,direction & pace 9 ! attack1 #adc ,discipl9e1 fire1 #abg ,dismiss+1 #ec ,di/ances 9 ! attack1 #adb ,di/ribution ( companies 9 ! decisive attack1 #aej infantry 9 ! attack1 #abh ,division 9 ! attack1 #aed def5ce1 #afd ,division drill1 #aaa ,division1 l>g] body ?an1 m>*+ pa/1 #bjg review (1 #bje ,division m>*+ pa/1 #bjd review (1 #bjb ,d\ble m>*1 !1 #ci ,dress+1 :5 halt$1 #db squad 9 two ranks1 #dh ) int]vals1 #cb ,drill4 ,see ,squad1 ,company1 ,battalion1 c4 ,duties ( lead]s 9 action1 #abe (fic]s comm&+ res]ves1 #aei sc\ts1 #ic skirmi%]s1 #hi subalt]ns1 section & squad lead]s1 #afb ! company lead]1 #afc ! comm&+ (fic]1 #afd ! sev]al bodies 9 ! attack1 #aca ,e*elon movem5ts f l9e1 column or qu>t] column1 #aah ,entr5*+ tools1 #afi a position1 #aeg ,ext5d+ & clos+1 me?od (1 #ef ,fe9ts1 #aci ,feu-de-joie1 fir+ a1 #bba ,fire 9 ! attack1 #acc 9 ! def5ce1 #aeh action1 company1 #hb 9 attack & def5ce1 #abf discipl9e 9 attack & def5ce1 #abg effect1 #fc ,flank attacks1 #aci ,flank+ fire1 local1 #adj ,=mations applicable to savage w>f>e1 #aac battalion drill1 #ajj 9 reg>d to fire1 #acc 9 ! attack1 #adj to be practis$1 reviews1 #ahh ,=mation ( squ>es1 #abj squads1 #ca 9 s+le rank1 #da 9 two rank1 #dh f\rs1 squad1 #ej company1 #gf ,f\rs *ang+ direction & =m+ squad1 #ec ,frontage 9 ! attack1 #ada ,fun]als1 #bbc ,g5]al pr9ciples1 attack & def5ce1 #abc ,g5]al rem>ks1 skirmi%+1 #hd ,g5]al rules1 annual c\rse ( tra9+1 #agd c]emonial1 #aha attack practice1 #he battalion drill1 #ih brigade & division drill1 #aaa company drill1 #gb savage w>f>e1 #aac skirmi%+1 #ed company 9 attack1 #ade battalion 1 #adh brigade 1 #aec division 1 #aed company 9 def5ce1 #afb battalion 1 #afc brigade & division 9 def5ce1 #afd ,gu>ds-- ,g5]al rules1 #bji ,gu>ds ( hon\r1 #bac ,reliev+ or po/+1 #baj ,reliev+ & po/+ s5tries1 & m>*+ reliefs1 #baj ,s5tries *all5g+1 #baa ,troop+ ! ,col\r1 #bac ,turn+ out at night1 #bab ,halt1 !1 #cg ,hold+ attacks1 #ach attack1 battalion1 #aeb ,infantry =mations 9 reg>d to fire1 #acc ,inspection ( skirmi%]s1 #fe 9 skirmi%+1 #ie (1 & tell+ (f ! company1 #ge 9 close ord] drill1 #hc ( a battalion1 #aaj ,in/ruction ( ! recruit1 me?od (1 #bi = battalion 9 attack1 #aec ,in/ructions = comm&]s 9 attack1 #hh tra9+ ( ! recruit1 #be ,int]vals 9 ! attack1 #adc skirmi%+1 #fd ,issue ( ord]s1 ! attack1 #acj ,l5g? ( pace & "t 9 m>*+1 #ce ,l9e advanc+ 9 column1 #aah battalion 91 #aad brigade m>*+ 91 #abb brigade advanc+ 9 columns or qu>t] columns1 #abb *ang+ front1 #aaf company =m+ to "r or left1 #gh company column1 #gh =m+ column or qu>t] column1 #aaf to ! "r or left1 #aag -fir+ & supports1 #aea m>*+ 91 company1 #gg m>*+ 91 #aae ( sections1 movem5ts 91 #hj ( company columns1 movem5ts 91 #ajh ( battalions1 brigade :eel+ f mass into1 #aab mass deploy+ into1 #aab m>*+ 91 #aac ,l9e pass+ ob/acles or mov+ ov] brok5 gr\nd1 #aag qu>t] column or column deploy+ into1 #aad ,local c\nt] attacks1 #afj flank+ fire1 #adj ,ma*9e guns 9 ! attack1 #add def5ce1 #aeh ,m>*1 d\ble1 #ci diagonal1 #dc 7two ranks71 #di turn+ on !1 #dj ,m>*+ z 9 file1 #df =m+ up into squad1 #dg 9 squad & file1 #di ,m>*+ pa/1 company1 #ahe battalion1 #aib brigade1 #aii division1 #bjd l>g] body ( troops ?an a division1 #bjg ,m>*+1 position 91 #cf quick1 #cg squad1 #db ) arms1 #dg ,m>k+ "t1 #ch ,me?od ( ext5d+ & clos+1 #ef in/ruction1 special tra9+ ( non-commission$ (fic]s1 #agi ( ! recruit1 #bi ,movem5ts 9 l9e ( sections1 #hj qu>t] column1 #ajc l9e or l9es ( company columns1 #ajh ,non-commission$ (fic]s1 special tra9+ (1 #agi ,ob/acles1 #ec ,occupation ( a position1 #aef ,ord]s1 battalion 9 attack1 #adi issue (1 9 ! attack1 #acj report+ & pass+1 #fd ,pace & "t 9 m>*+1 #ce ,passage ( a defile1 #ec ,pass+ ord]s1 #fd ,plates1 key to1 #ae ,prelim9>y measures = ! attack1 #abi rem>ks1 tra9+ ( ! recruit1 #ba company tra9+1 #fg tra9+1 skirmi%+1 #ee ,pres5tation ( ,col\rs1 #bbj ,rally+ & r$i/ribution1 #ach ,ranges1 #abh ,reconnaissance practice1 #ia ,recruit1 me?od ( in/ruction (1 #bi tra9+ ( !1 #ba ,re9=c+1 #fd ,reliev+ or po/+ a gu>d1 #baj & po/+ s5tries & m>*+ reliefs1 #baj ,rem>ks1 g5]al1 on skirmi%+1 #hd prelim9>y1 on ! tra9+ ( ! recruit1 #ba on company tra9+1 #fg ,report+ & pass+ ord]s1 #fd ,res]ve1 !1 #aea position (1 9 ! def5ce1 #aei duties ( (fic]s comm&+ !1 #aei ,retirem5ts1 #ia ,review ( a battalion1 #ahi ( a brigade1 #aif ( a division1 #bjb ( any l>g] body ( troops ?an a division1 #bje ,royal1 #bjh ord]1 battalion advanc+ 91 #aif ,review ord]1 brigade advanc+ 91 #bjb ,rules4 ,see ,g5]al ,rules4 ,salut+1 company 9 l9e1 #ahe ,savage w>f>e1 =mations applicable to-- ,battalion 9 l9e1 #aad =m+ column or qu>t] column1 #aaf ,e*elon movem5ts f l9e1 column or qu>t] column1 #aah ,=mation ( squ>es1 #abj ,g5]al rules1 #aac ,l9e advanc+ 9 column1 #aah *ang+ front f ! halt on a flank company1 #aaf =m+ column to ! "r or left1 or vice v]s1 #aag pass+ ob/acles1 or mov+ ov] brok5 gr\nd1 #aag ,m>*+ 9 l9e1 #aae ,meet+ an attack by cavalry or swordsm51 #aai ,qu>t] column or column deploy+ into l9e1 #aad on ! m>* =m+ l9e to a flank1 #aah ,section lead]s1 duties (1 #afb ,s5tries1 reliev+ & po/+1 #baj *all5g+1 #baa ,%elt] tr5* ex]cise1 #ie ,s+le rank1 company drill1 #ha ,skirmi%+-- ,assembly aft] disp]sal1 #fe ,blank ammunition1 #fb ,c\rse ( tra9+1 #ed ,cov]1 #fj ,fire effect1 #fc ,g5]al rules1 #ed ,inspection ( skirmi%]s1 #fe ,int]vals1 #fd ,me?od ( ext5d+ & clos+1 #ef ,practical skirmi%+1 #ei ,prelim9>y tra9+1 #ee ,re9=c+1 #fd ,report+ & pass+ ord]s1 #fd ,signals1 :i/le bla/s1 calls1 #eg ,company tra9+-- ,casualties1 #hh ,comm&]s1 in/ructions =1 #hh position (1 #hh ,def5ce practice1 #ij ,g5]al rem>ks1 #hd rules1 #he ,meet+ attack by cavalry1 #ib ,reconnaissance practice1 #ia ,retirem5ts1 #ia ,sc\t+1 #ic ,sc\ts1 duties (1 #ic tra9+ (1 #id ,%elt] tr5* ex]cise1 #ie ,skirmi%]s1 duties (1 #hi ,skirmi%+1 inspection 91 #ie ,squad drill-- ,me?od ( in/ruction ( ! recruit1 #bi ,words ( comm&1 #cj ,) int]vals-- ,dress+1 #cb ,=mation1 #ca ,position ( att5tion1 #ca ,salut+1 #cd ,/&+ at ease1 #cb ,turn+s1 #cc ,m>*+-- ,*ang+ /ep1 #ci ,d\ble m>*1 #ci ,drum & pace /ick1 #cf ,halt1 #cg ,l5g? ( pace & "t1 #ce ,m>k+ "t1 #ch ,position 9 m>*+1 #cf ,quick m>*1 #cg ,side /ep1 #dj ,/epp+ back1 #ch %ort1 #ci out1 #cg ,turn+ on ! m>*1 #dj ,s+le rank-- ,*ang+ direction1 #de z 9 file1 #df ,diagonal m>*1 #dc ,dress+ :5 halt$1 #db ,=mation1 #da ,m>*+ z 9 file1 =m+ up into squad1 #dg 1 #df 9 squad1 #db ) arms1 #dg ,turn+s1 #db ,9 two ranks-- ,*ang+ direction & =m+ up1 #ej ranks1 #di ,diagonal m>*1 #di ,dismiss+ ) or )\t arms1 #ec ,dress+1 #dh ,=mation1 #dh 8 ( f\rs1 #ej ,f\rs *ang+ direction & =m+ squad1 #ec ,m>*+ 9 squad & 9 file1 #di ,ob/acles1 #ec ,passage ( a defile1 #ec ,squad lead]s1 duties (1 #afb ,squ>e1 brigade =m+1 #abb =m+1 #abj ,subalt]ns1 duties (1 company 9 def5ce1 #afb ,surprises1 #adj ,supply ( ammunition 9 ! field1 #afe ,syllabus ( tra9+ 7recruit71 #ba ,tra9+1 c\rse (1 skirmi%+1 #ed prelim9>y1 skirmi%+1 #ee ( sc\ts1 #id ( non-commission$ (fic]s1 #agi annual c\rse4 ,see ,annual ,c\rse4 recruits1 #ba syllabus ( recruits1 #bb ,transport ( ammunition 9 ! field1 #afe ,turn+s4 ,see ,squad ,drill4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,8 ,,maje/y',s ,,/ation]y ,,(fice1 ,,by ,,h>rison ,,& ,,sons1 ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,lane1 ,,pr9t]s ,,9 ,,ord9>y ,,to ,,8 ,,maje/y4 7,wt4 w #bgfia #aej1jjj #b #je--;,h ,s #egdi7 ,,footnotes3 #a ,9 m>*+ ord] )\t ! rifle ! arms w be reta9$ z 9 ! position ( ,att5tion4 #b ,! numb] ( paces to :i* m5 are to ext5d is to be communicat$ by ^w ( m\?4 #c ,?is signal d5otes ext5sion f ! c5tre4 ,if ! ext5sion is to be made to ! "r1 f9i% ! signal by po9t+ to ! "r4 ,if ! ext5sion is to be made to ! left1 f9i% ! signal by po9t+ to ! left4 #d ,?is signal d5otes 8,close on ! c5tre40 ,if x is desir$ to close on ! "r1 f9i% ! signal by po9t+ to ! "r4 ,if ! close is to be on ! left po9t to ! left4 ,,note4--,all signals %\ld be made ) :i*ev] arm w %[ mo/ cle>ly :at is meant4 #e ,rifle regim5ts w drill 9 close ord] at ! ,trail4 ,on ! comm& ,,quick 7or ,,d\ble7 ,,m>*1 ! m5 w ,trail arms )\t fur!r ^w ( comm&1 & w halt & /& at ease on ! ^w or signal ,halt4 #f ,:5 a company )\t arms is inspect$1 section comm&]s w close up ! re> rank on completion ( inspection ( _! sections1 giv+ ! comm& ,,close ,,ranks4 ,,m>*4 #g ,:5 con/ruct+ tr5*es by night1 trac+ tapes are us$ to %[ ! l9e ( ! propos$ tr5*4 #h ,) tripod equipm5t1 ! ma*9e gun deta*m5t w include two pack animals1 ea* ( :i* w c>ry #g boxes ( ammunition 7#bej r\nds to ! box74 #i ,recruits1 z soon z _! tra9+ z su* is complet$1 are to take _! place 9 ! ranks irrespective ( ! season ( ! ye>4 #aj ,9 ! foll[+ sections deal+ ) c]emonial1 includ+ gu>d duties1 ! comm& to slope arms & fix bayonets w n apply to m5 ( ,rifle ,regim5ts1 :o w rema9 at ! ,ord] :5 halt$1 w pres5t arms f ! ,ord] )\t fix+ bayonets1 & w m>* pa/ at ! ,trail4 #aa ,! t]m 8corps10 :5 us$ ) ref]5ce to troops1 is int5d$ to designate troops :i* are n allott$ to any p>ticul> field unit4 #ab ,9 com+ to ! ,engage f ! ,slope1 seize ! rifle ) ! 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