,a ,,comm5t>y ,,on ,,ecclesia/es ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,! orig9al text display$ ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion ( ,scripture on ! left page & ! au?or's p>aphrase on ! fac+ "r page4 ,= ! electronic =mats1 ^! two v]sions = ea* v]se h be5 plac$ 9 two columns foll[$ imm$iately by ! correspond+ comm5t>y4 ,punctuation has be5 /&>diz$4 ,mo/ ( ! non-common abbreviations us$ to save space 9 pr9t+ h be5 exp&$ to ! non-abbreviat$ =m = easi] read+4 ,! text may %[ quotations )9 quotations1 all set (f by simil> quote m>ks4 ,! inn] quotations h be5 *ang$ to alt]nate quote m>ks = improv$ readability4 ,*>act]s 9 small caps h be5 replac$ by all caps4 ,non-pr9table symbols h be5 pres5t$ 9 squ>e brackets ) a description ,leo a/rological sign ,non-pr9table *>act]i/ics h be5 giv5 ! foll[+ ,italic text3 -- text emphasiz$ text )9 italics -- text bold text3 -- text4 ,?is book 0 writt5 9 a p]iod :5 _m words _h n become /&>diz$ 9 _! spell+4 ,words may h multiple spell+ v>iations or inconsi/5t hyph5ation 9 ! text4 ,^! h be5 left un*ang$ unless indicat$ ) a ,transcrib]'s ,note4 ,index ref]5ces h n be5 *eck$ = accuracy4 ,! symbol #8' indicates ! description 9 p>5!sis has be5 add$ to an illu/ration4 ,?is may be ne$$ if !re is no caption or if ! caption does n describe ! image adequately4 ,footnotes are id5tifi$ 9 ! text ) a sup]script numb] & are %[n imm$iately bel[ ! p>agraph 9 :i* !y appe>4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes are us$ :5 mak+ corrections to ! text or to provide additional in=mation = ! mod]n read]4 ,^! notes are id5tifi$ by symbols 9 ! text & are %[n imm$iately bel[ ! p>agraph 9 :i* !y appe>4 ,a ,,comm5t>y ,,on ,,ecclesia/es ,,riv+tons ,london ,wat]loo ,place ,ox=d ,high ,/reet ,cambridge ,tr9ity ,/reet ,a ,,comm5t>y ,,on ,,ecclesia/es ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,?omas ,,pelham ,,dale1 ,m4,a4 ,,late ,,fell[ ,,( ,,sidney ,,college1 ,,cambridge1 ,,& ,,rector ,,( ,,/4 ,,v$a/ ,,) ,,/4 ,,mi*ael ,,le ,,qu]ne1 ,,london4 80 replac$ ) 80 ,,riv+tons ,london1 ,ox=d1 & ,cambridge #ahgc ,,to ,,john ,,hall ,,glad/one1 ,,esq4 ,,ph4 ,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,?r\gh ,,^: ,,lib]ality ,,x ,,sees ,,! ,,light1 ,,is ,,?is ,,"w ,,affectionately ,,d$icat$ ,,by ,! ,au?or4 ,,preface4 ,,! foll[+ ,comm5t>y diff]s f _m ( its pr$ecessors 9 ! great] weight giv5 to ! int]pretation ( ! ,,lxx41 & ! clos] inve/igation ( _! peculi> r5d]+s4 ,9 _m cases ^! /range r5d]+s on ! "p ( ! ,,lxx4 are dismiss$ by comm5tators z simply errors4 ,b ?is is n consi/5t ) :at true criticism ought to d4 ,! ,,lxx4 is n only ! olde/ translation we h1 b also ! only "o made :5 ,hebrew 0 yet a liv+ language4 ,its peculi> r5d]+s !n des]ve our mo/ s]i\s att5tion4 ,! inve/igation ( !m w fully rew>d ! inquir]4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! cause ( ! special l9e ( int]pretation adopt$ 9 ?is ,comm5t>y4 ,) reg>d to ! ,book ( ,ecclesia/es itself1 ! writ] mu/ confess himself homo unius libri2 = "s ye>s pa/ all 8 ,hebrew & ,greek /udies h be5 devot$ to ! inve/igation ( ! mean+ ( ?is "o book 9 ! ,sacr$ ,canon1 & all 8 conclusions mu/ be tak5 ) ! res]vation t !y apply1 directly1 to ?is "o book alone4 ,su* a conc5tration ( ef=t may be expect$ to produce results :i* might n be arriv$ at by a f> wid] & m ext5sive rese>*1 j z a few rays ( sunlight conc5trat$ by a small l5s w burn :]e ! sun himself w only w>m4 ,nev]!less1 ?is book does n pr(ess to be any?+ 9 ! nature ( a new discov]y4 ,s5se is attempt$ to be made ( difficult passages by :at may be call$ a microscopic att5tion to ! gramm> ( ! writ]1 & a m9ute & c>eful analysis ( e =m & expression he uses4 ,! te/ ( ! correctness ( ! mean+ ?us f\nd is display$ 9 ! way 9 :i* x falls into place 9 ! context1 & squ>es ) its t5or4 ,b no?+ novel 9 ! way ( ,hebrew gramm> is urg$1 or any?+ :i* may n be f\nd 9 ord9>y comm5t>ies1 except1 p]haps1 x be ! fact ( ! diff]5ce ( signification betwe5 ! contract$ & full relative pron\na usage :i* is peculi> to ! ,book ( ,ecclesia/es4 ,?is has hi!rto be5 dismiss$ by o!r comm5tators z evid5ce ( late composition1 )\t giv+ x ! notice x m]it$4 ,_m po9ts ( int]e/ are />t$ 9 ^! pages1 :i* w\ld well repay a m c>eful inve/igation ?an ,i h ei!r leisure or le>n+ to foll[ out4 ,!y are only pres5t$ s f> z necess>y to illu/rate & cle> up difficulties 9 ! int]pretation ( t m>vell\s book :i* is ! subject ( ?is ,comm5t>y4 ,if ,i h succe$$1 ! ,*ur* w be b5efit$2 if ,i h altoge!r fail$1 my book w only add a few pages m to ! va/ lit]ature :i* ?is1 ! sci5tific treatise ( ! ,div9e ,^w1 has elicit$4 ,,london1 ,oct4 #ahgc4 ,,introduction4 ,,date ,,& ,,au?or%ip4 ,,! title or sup]scription ( ! book is1 *apt] i4 #a1 #8,! words ( ,kohele?1 ! son ( ,david1 k+ ( ,j]usalem1' & ?is is fur!r expla9$ 9 v]se #ab1 by #8,i ,kohele? 0 k+ ov] ,israel 9 ,j]usalem4' ,! only p]son 9 ,jewi% hi/ory :o answ]s exactly to ?is description is ,solomon1 & accord+ly ! :ole anci5t ,*ur*1 ,jewi% z well z ,*ri/ian1 h reg>d$ ,solomon z ! und\bt$ au?or ( ! book4 ,) ?is conclusion ev5 mod]n criticism is s f> agre$1 t x is univ]sally admitt$ t ,solomon is ! h]o or p]sonat$ au?or1 ev5 ?\gh x is d5i$ t he 0 ! real writ]4 ,x is alleg$ t int]nal evid5ce is aga9/ ! supposition ( s e>ly a date2 = t ! language & tone ( ?\ght 9 ! book po9t to a writ] fur!r on 9 ,jewi% hi/ory4 ,! fav\rite op9ion among/ ,g]man s*ol>s is1 t ,ecclesia/es 0 compos$ t[>ds ! end ( ! ,p]sian dom9ion4 ,ewald1 inde$1 consid]s t1 s f> z language & /yle is conc]n$1 ! book might be ! v late/ writt5 9 ! :ole ,hebrew ,scriptures4 ,a detail$ hi/ory ( ! exposition ( ! book w be f\nd 9 ! ,cohele? ( ,dr4 ,g9sburg1 toge!r ) a complete discussion ( ! reasons = & aga9/ ,solomonic au?or%ip4 ,x w be unnecess>y1 !re=e1 to g into detail on ?is po9t4 ,we %all only add :at conc]ns ! imm$iate object ( ! pres5t ,comm5t>y1 rem>k+ t sev]al mo/ compet5t ,engli%-speak+ s*ol>s rema9 unconv9c$ by argum5ts :i* h app>5tly fully satisfi$ _! ,g]man bre?r54 ,dr4 ,wordswor?1 ,pr(essor ,plumptre1 ,dr4 ,taylor ,lewis ( ,am]ica1 argue t ! book is really ,solomon's1 :ile ev5 9 ,g]many ,d4 ,h4 ,a4 ,hahn 7,comm5t> b] das ,pr$ig]bu*1 ,leipzig1 #ahfj7 is /rongly on ! side ( ! ,solomonic au?or%ip4 ,! pr9cipal argum5ts 9 fav\r ( lat] date d]iv$ f int]nal evid5ce1 arise f 7fir/7 ! /ate ( viol5ce & mis]y depict$ 9 ! book ) s mu* bitt]ness1 & :i*1 x is alleg$1 _c be made to h>monize ) :at we "k ( ! reign ( ,solomon2 & 7secondly7 ! /rongly ,aramaic "* ( ! language1 :i* assimilates itself to t ( ! books ( ,daniel & ,e/h]4 ,) reg>d to ! fir/ po9t 7if we h at all f\nd ! real int]pretation ( ! book71 x seems improbable t any special description ( a p>ticul> p]iod c\ld h be5 ev] int5d$1 or ev5 any allusion to ! special circum/ances ( any p4 ,s f> also f suppos+ a "t ( tr\ble 9 ! m9d ( ! writ]1 on ! contr>y ! po9t & moral ( ! book w be enhanc$ if we suppose x to be writt5 r 9 a "t ( prosp]ity ?an ( adv]sity or oppression4 ,?us1 if we turn to ! expressions ( *apt] iv4 #a we %all see t to give any special ref]5ce to !m1 & suppose !m peculi> or out ( ! way1 w\ld weak5 ! =ce ( ,kohele?'s argum5t4 ,human life g5]ally1 "u ! v be/ ( ext]nal circum/ances1 always exhibits ! spectacle bo? ( oppressions by ! wick$1 & ( oppress$ )\t com=t]s4 ,n[ und]nea? ?is /atem5t lies ! difficulty t ,he :o p]mits ?is is ! m]ciful ,au?or ( ,nature ,himself1 & x is ?is difficulty :i* is especially discuss$4 ,!re is no necessity to suppose ! conclud+ ye>s ( ,p]sian tyranny to be po9t$ly allud$ to1 because x is n "u an ,asiatic despotism alone t hypocrites come & g f ! place ( ! holy 7*apt] viii4 #aj71 or s]vants are se5 on horseback1 & nobles1 l s]fs1 walk+ afoot 7*apt] x4 #g71 or t m5 cont9ue 9 prosp]\s wick$ness 7*apt] ix4 #c74 ,inde$1 ! same may be said ( any o!r ( ! simil> provid5tial difficulties advanc$ 9 ?is book1 = ! v same occurr5ces may be witness$ n[ 9 ?is age ( civilisation & progress4 ,! reply !n to ! ass]tion t x is #8impossible to reconcile ?is /ate ( ?+s ) ! age ( ,solomon' is simply ?is4 ,!re is no ne$ ev5 to make ! attempt1 because !re is no reason to believe t1 consid]+ ! au?or's /&po9t1 he int5d$ t ! in/ances ( human suff]+ & disappo9tm5t he cites %\ld be tak5 o!rwise ?an p]fectly g5]ally4 ,:at he adduces ( ?is nature is 9 suffici5t measure true always1 at ! be/ ( times4 ,x w\ld blunt ! po9t ( 8 reason+ if x c\ld be %[n t ! difficulties he />ts 7 exceptional or tempor>y2 b ?is is n s4 ,kohele?'s repeat$ decl>ation is t allt is1 ! :ole ( human lifeis vanity or evanesc5ce4 ,! argum5t f ,aramaic words is mu* m =midable1 & w\ld be conclusive if our k ( ! successive /ages ( ! ,hebrew language 7 less fragm5t>y & unc]ta9 ?an is really ! case4 ,x is q true t su* words z 1 1 1 1 11 h an ,aramaic col\r+2 b we mu/ set aga9/ ?is ! fact t1 z ,ewald rem>ks1 we h 9 ,ecclesia/es a new philosophical t]m9ology1 :i* has modifi$ ! ,hebrew ( ! book4 ,& aga91 x w be se5 by ref]r+ to ! places :]e ^! peculi> words occur1 t !y are introduc$ ei!r = ! purposes ( express+ new ideas or t]ms n f\nd 9 ! language else:]e4 ,sometimes ! m usual ^w w\ld be out ( h>mony ) ! context1 e4g4 ! ^w replaces ! m ord9>y 1 because n only is ! latt] us$ to signify a fea/1 b ! root-mean+ ( ! =m] is j :at is requir$ by ! argum5t4 ,aga91 1 z w be se5 /at$ at l5g? 9 ! notes1 is us$ 9 ! purely te*nical s5se1 ( #8?is pres5t1' & n 9 ! ord9>y mean+ ( #8already4' ,! unusual 1 *apt] vi4 #f1 also is app>5tly introduc$ = ! sake ( ! allit]ation ) 9 ! next clause1 & ! once occurr+ *apt] iv4 #c1 = ! sake ( ! equivoke to :i* its use gives rise4 ,all ^! ,aramaic words are notic$ z !y occur 9 ! body ( ! ,comm5t>y1 & we ?9k t ! conclusion :i* results f :at !re appe>s is to weak5 v consid]ably any argum5t z to date :i* c be drawn f !m "o way or ! o!r4 80 replac$ ) 80 ,aga91 ! object ( ! book is s peculi>1 & s diff]5t f all ! re/ ( ,scripture1 & especially f ^? :i*1 suppos+ ,solomon 0 ! au?or1 w\ld /& relat$ to x 9 po9t ( "t1 t we may well expect "s diff]5ce ( language & col\r+4 ,aga91 also1 !re is ano!r reason4 ,! books imm$iately subsequ5t to ,solomon's era are all prophetic4 ,n[ x seems natural t prophets %\ld use an antique /yle1 :i* w\ld be t+$ ) t ( ! e>li] religi\s books1 :ile if1 on ! o!r h&1 z ! ,,lxx4 seem to imply by _! translation ( ! ^w ,kohele?1 & appe>s also f ! allit]ations 9 ! book itself1 x 7 an address orally deliv]$1 x w\ld no d\bt conta9 colloquialisms4 ,!re are /rong indications t x does s4 ,n[ ^! colloquialisms w\ld c]ta9ly h an ,aramaic ca/ ab\t !m4 ,?us ! diff]5ce ( diction betwe5 ! ,hebrew ( ,kohele? & a contempor>y prophet w\ld be exagg]at$1 & any e/imate ( date due to ?is diff]5ce proportionately unc]ta94 ,on ! :ole1 = myself1 ,i h no !ory to support ei!r way4 ,i am cont5t to let ! matt] re/1 z ,i believe ! ,scripture itself leaves x1 :i*1 aft] all1 n[h]e ref]s ! au?or%ip to ,solomon4 ,9 accordance ) ?is1 bo? to save space & to conduce to cle>ness1 ,i h always ref]r$ to ! au?or by ! "n ,kohele?1 & to ! book itself z ,ecclesia/es1 9 ! c\rse ( ! subsequ5t ,comm5t>y4 ,,design ,,& ,,me?od ,,( ,,! ,,"w4 ,! design ( ! book is no o!r ?an argum5tatively to "w out ! conclud+ aphorism ( ! :ole3 #8,fe> ,god1 & keep ,8 comm&m5ts1 = ?is is ! :ole problem ( ,humanity4' ,?is tru? is nev] = a mom5t lo/ sight (1 n ev5 9 ^? passages :i* s\nd mo/ sceptical or ,epicurean4 ,we may comp>e ?is m>vell\s book to an ov]ture1 & say t ?is tru? is its subject4 ,?is ov]ture1 h[ev]1 is writt5 9 a m9or key2 x is almo/ always pla9tive2 sometimes x desc5ds to :at s\nds l absolute discord2 b ?is subject floats ?r\gh its wilde/ & /range/ melodies1 resolves its h>%e/ discords1 connects its mo/ erratic w&]+s4 ,kohele? is a p]fect ma/] ( s>casm4 ,a c]ta9 grim & bitt] yet grave & holy satire runs ?r\gh 8 book4 ,he makes 8 read]s ?9k :e!r !y w or no4 ,= ?is purpose he sometimes desc5ds to plays ^u words1 equivokes1 allit]ations1 possibly also prov]bs 9 ord9>y circulation4 ,he c]ta9ly writes 9 ! #8vulg> tongue4' ,b ^! equivokes always help ! s5se4 ,if ,kohele? appe>s 9 ! guise ( a popul> prea*]1 he nev] loses sight ( ! morali/ & philosoph]4 ,8 s]mon1 = su* we believe x to be1 w be> comp>ison ) ano!r wond]ful s]mon f\nd 9 ,holy ,scripture1 ) :i* x has "s /rik+ po9ts ( resemblance1 & yet h[ wond]fully diff]5t6 ,! book !n op5s ) an exclamation :i* s]ves z a text or topic#8,vanity ( vanities1'& =?) proce$s to /ate ! "q1 & "w out ! conclusion :i* ?is topic sugge/s4 ,has mank9d any advantage 79 ! s5se ( a result 9 ! future7 by reason ( 8 toil or anxiety 7! te*nical ^w "h us$ is 1 by :i* ^w is meant ! same ?+ z ! ,greek expresses by 1 c>es ( ?is life1 ,mat!w xiii4 #bb78 ,?is he answ]s 9 ! negative by eight aphorisms1 f\r drawn f obs]vation ( nature & f\r f moral consid]ations1 :i* we h call$ ! eight unbeatitudes ( ! s]mon4 ,?is con/itutes ! fir/ "p ( ! pro(4 ,kohele? !n goes on to discuss ! "q1 ,c any solution ( ?is provid5tial difficulty be discov]$8 ,?is1 9 ! fir/ place1 is attempt$ to be answ]$ by an autobiography1 9 :i* ,kohele? %[s 9 succession t wisdom1 mir?1 accumulation ( weal?1 etc41 are alike evanesc5t & unsatisfactory1 z 8 own exp]i5ce 7& no "o 0 likely to d bett]7 abundantly display$4 ,^! toge!r =m ! fir/ great division ( ! book,*apt]s ,i4 & ,,ii4 ,9 ! next five ,*apt]s1 ,,iii4 to ,,vii41 ! same "q is discuss$ f ano!r po9t ( view4 ,kohele? rem>ks on ! unalt]able "* ( ,provid5ce1 & %[s t ev5 if x 7 possible t human wisdom c\ld cause *ange 7:i* x _c71 t ! alt]ation c\ld only be = ! worse4 ,he beg9s by enum]at+ tw5ty-eight times or seasonst is1 a f\rfold sev5( :i* ! la/ is #8a "t ( peace4' ,?is is especially wor?y ( rem>k1 z x is an in/ance ( "o ( ^? hopes ( bett] ?+s :i* ,kohele? all[s to appe>1 z x 7 by /eal?1 amid/ 8 mo/ melan*oly utt]ances4 ,he !n argues ?is matt]1 & ?r\gh a long & su/a9$ c\rse ( reason+1 ! conclusion ( :i* is1 t ,god mu/ "r ! wrong$4 ,b !re naturally arises ! objection1 ,if ?is be s1 :y does impiety & oppression exi/ s cont9ually 9 ! v places or circum/ances :]e we ought to expect ! rev]se8 ,to ?is ,kohele? (f]s two solutions1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are nei!r satisfactory2 ! second inde$ w\ld lead to absolute scepticism4 ,! true d$uction is h[ev] /at$ 9 ! la/ v]se ( *apt] iii4 7#bb71 :i* is1 t if any result is to be accompli%$ by human toil1 x c only consi/ 9 pres5t gratification4 ,kohele? !n turns to ! consid]ation ( oppressions or afflictions1 ?is turn ( ?\ght be+ t pres5t enjoym5t is m>r$ by ! exi/5ce ( s mu* irrem$iable unhapp9ess2 t if ?is _w be all1 ! dead are bett] (f ?an ! liv+2 t ! result ev5 ( success is envy r ?an pleasure2 t x is useless lab\r+ = po/]ity1 & no avail 9 ! pres5t4 ,kohele? "h s>ca/ically po9ts out t lab\r = o!rs does give "s advantage1 ! only in/ance :]e he sees ! possibility ( any at all4 ,he c>efully limits1 h[ev]1 all ?is to ! pres5t life1 ?is =mula #8"u ! sun1' i4e4 9 ?is _w ( lab\r & toil1 be+ introduc$ frequ5tly1 %[+ t all he says is to be tak5 ) ?is proviso4 ,9 ,*apt] ,v4 ,kohele? beg9s to display ! great rem$y = human illst is1 piety1 pati5ce1 & submission to ! ,div9e w1 caution+ aga9/ fooli% sacrifices1 ra% v[s1 ra% spee*es1 selfi%ness & av>ice4 ,?is display ( ! rem$y1 h[ev]1 is z yet subord9ate1 ! ma9 object be+ to %[ t all argum5ts conspire to prove ! vanity or transitor9ess ( human exi/5ce4 ,) ?is ,*apt] ,,vi4 ends1 & ) x ! m argum5tative portion ( ! treatise4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 op5s ) a p>adoxical /atem5t ( sev5 good ?+s1 :i* look l evil ones1 & on ?is ,kohele? develops ! ?\ght t man does n "k a good ?+ :5 he sees x4 ,he %[s t ev5 wisdom itself w n necess>ily produce happ9ess 9 ?is _w1 ?\gh ?is1 he is sure1 is a good ?+2 b he is v bitt] & s>ca/ic on ^? :o1 because "r does n always succe$1 resort to impiety2 ?is1 he %[s1 is a great & fatal mi/ake4 ,?\gh ! proposition t piety is happ9ess is n =mally /at$ or work$ out argum5tatively1 nev]!less ?is is prov$ s completely t ,kohele? is able at ! end ( ! :ole to cite ?is z ! real result ( 8 argum5t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 piety be ! rem$y = human ills1 e>ly piety is ess5tial to tol]able ease & quiet 9 ?is _w4 ,?is is set =? 9 ! same p>adoxical & s>ca/ic way z be=e4 ,we are advis$ to avoid c]ta9 evils :ile we c4 ,^! are describ$ ) great pa?os 9 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,x is h[ev]1 we believe1 q a mi/ake to imag9e t ! close ( ! book conta9s an allegorical description ( old age4 ,! weakness & o!r trials ( age are1 no d\bt1 br\ght be=e u 9 v poetic & picturesque language4 ,!re is an ,ori5tal ri*ness & floridness ab\t ?is language at fir/ /range to ,we/]n e>s2 b ! images employ$ all admit ( resolution by an appeal to ! usage ( ,scripture else:]e1 & c be %[n to be q 9 place4 ,! conclusion ( ! :ole is significantly ! same z ! topic at ! beg9n+1 #8,vanity ( vanities1 ! :ole is vanity4' ,! ,epilogue1 *apt] xii4 #i1 foll[s4 ,?is has be5 pron\nc$ by "s to be an int]polation1 ! "w ( a lat] h&2 b we c\ld no m imag9e a book ( ! ,old ,te/am5t end+ ) su* an aphorism z vanity ( vanities1 )\t do+ viol5ce to our critical in/9ct1 ?an we c\ld believe t ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,m>k 0 ev] int5d$ to end ) ! words #8,!y 7 afraid' 1 ,m>k xvi4 #h4 ,x is r ! bold1 op5 /atem5t ( ! tru?1 :i* has 9 a m or less cov]$ mann] =m$ ! subject ( ! :ole book4 ,! aphorism1 #8,fe> ,god & keep ,8 comm&m5ts1' conta9s ! only possible solution ( provid5tial difficulties or rem$y ( human ills1 & x is 9 va9 to look = any o!r4 ,! reasons = ?is my/]y we mu/ leave to ,god alone4 ,he w br+ into judgm5ti4e4 into adju/m5t or decl>$ consi/5cy ) ju/icee my/]y1 :e!r to our notions good or evil4 ,) ?is assurance ! book appropriately ends4 ,,grammatical ,,peculi>ities4 ,! ,book ( ,ecclesia/es be+ a didactic & argum5tative treatise1 & ! only "w ( its k9d 9 ! ,scriptures1 its ,hebrew is modifi$ to meet ! requirem5ts ( t :i* is a new philosophy1 s t we may fully indorse ,ewald's expression1 t #8,kohele? uses ! ,hebrew language z a flexible in/rum5t = ! expression ( novel ideas4' ,?is naturally implies a usage ( words & phrases peculi> to ?is book1 & acc\nts = ! l>ge numb] ( unusual =ms & once occurr+ words & ! l :i* "h meet u4 ,x w be app>5t to any :o w dilig5tly exam9e ! text1 t ,kohele? conf9es himself v /rictly inde$ to ! rules ( 8 own gramm>1 & uses articles1 prepositions1 & t5ses ) an accuracy n inf]ior to ,greek itself4 ,= example1 !re is a real di/9ction to be discov]$ betwe5 ! usage ( mascul9e & fem99e =ms1 :]e a sub/antive is ( bo? g5d]s4 ,x is n a matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r ! full relative is us$ or ! contract$ =m2 on ! contr>y1 x w be se5 t ! contract$ relative gives an optative or subjunctive s5se2 or :e!r a v]b gov]ns directly or ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( ! p>ticle 2 a di/9ction :i* ! ,,lxx4 7 q aw>e (1 & :i* gave rise to _! adv]bial 4 ,:at1 = want ( a bett] t]m1 we h call$ di/ributive pluralsi4e4 a s+ul> n\n & plural v]b 9 agreem5t1 or vice v]sare exce$+ly significant4 ,!y h a peculi> %ade ( mean+1 accord+ to circum/ances & position 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,x is too a matt] ( "s consequ5ce :e!r ! nom9ative prec$es or foll[s ! v]b2 h5ce 9 ! runn+ translation ?is ord] is nev] rev]s$1 ev5 :]e our idiom requires x1 b explanatory words are introduc$4 ,all ^! matt]s are1 :]e necess>y1 po9t$ out 9 ! notesp]haps "s may imag9e press$ too f>1 & repeat$ ad nauseam2 b ! excuse mu/ be t on ^! m9uti dep5d ! evid5ce ( correct r5d]+4 ,if ?us a good s5se is made out1 z x 7 spontane\sly1 & :i*1 moreov]1 is f\nd to fall into place z x occurs 9 ! context1 we h /rong evid5ce t we h hit ! real mean+4 ,connect$ ) ?is grammatical usage is a peculi> t]m9ology1 also to be expect$ 9 a sci5tific treatise4 ,?us is v commonly r5d]$ 9 ?is ,comm5t>y by #8reason+1' ! exact idea impli$ be+ a matt] or ?+ reason$ ab\t1 ) ! fur!r notion or conclusion t ?is reason w become gr\nd ( action4 ,no s+le ,engli% or ev5 ,greek ^w w r5d] x1 b once let u ma/] its real significance1 & ! =ce & cog5cy ( _m passages w become manife/4 ,aga91 1 :i* has ! s5se ( #8an agreeable occurr5ce1' #8a provid5ce1' & !n g5]ally ( #8any ev5t1' 9 ?is book d5otes a #8provid5tial occurr5ce4' ,aga91 is n exactly toil1 b ! fatigue1 di/ress1 or anxiety t comes ( x4 ,x diff]s f 1 :i* is also anxiety1 b t k9d ( anxiety :i* comes ( unc]ta9ty z to a future result4 ,two mo/ important words are & 3 ! =m] is t k9d ( folly :i* has ! appe>ance ( wisdom1 clev] folly1 or fooli% wisdom2 ! latt] is t k9d ( folly :i* is begott5 ( a false expectation ( ! result1 z 9 our expression #8made a fool (4' ,s aga9 is n an adv]b #8already1' b r a sub/antive1?is pres5t consid]$ z n[ exi/+4 ,^! te*nical words are all notic$ z !y occur1 & a s5se giv51 ! pro( ( ! correctness ( :i* is t appropriate mean+ is made 9 e place 9 :i* !y occur4 ,z sev]al are f\nd n[h]e else 9 ,scripture1 ?is is ! only true me?od ( com+ at _! mean+4 ,x is also wor?y ( notice t ^! words occur usually sev5 or t5 times1 or "s o!r r\nd or my/ic numb]4 ,?is happ5s s frequ5tly t x c h>dly be accid5tal1 b ,i h seldom be5 able to trace any rule or law 9 ?is circum/ance4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 x may be tak5 z an axiom t :5 ,kohele? uses a peculi> ^w1 he int5ds to express a peculi> idea1 & 8 mean+ mu/ be s\ght accord+ly4 ,c>eful att5tion to ?is po9t cle>s up _m difficulties4 ,allit]ation & p>onomasia occur ) great & *>act]i/ic frequ5cy1 a pro( surely t ! book 0 int5d$ to be prea*$ or deliv]$ z an address4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 v difficult to give ^! 9 ! ,engli% v]sion4 ,sometimes 9 ! p>aphra/ic translation ?is is attempt$ by means ( rhymes & allit]ations4 ,i c h>dly pron\nce ^! q successful1 & (t5 h felt incl9$ to return to a m lit]al r5d]+1 b !n ?is mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( ! book w\ld h be5 lo/ to ! ,engli% read]4 ,e "o :o has ev] address$ an assembly kn[s h[ v tell+ ^! hits are1 & moreov] !y are ( real importance to ! comm5tator1 z br++ ! words on :i* ! allit]ation dep5ds into artificial prom95ce4 ,!re is a dang]1 no d\bt1 t :5 once ! m9d is ar\s$ to ?is1 t equivokes %\ld be f\nd :]e !y 7 n int5d$2 b ( ?is ! read] mu/ judge4 ,?is p]haps is ! be/ po9t at :i* to discuss ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,kohele?4 ,9 its pres5t =m & po9t+ is ! active fem99e p>ticiple ( ,kal ( ! v]b 1 occurr+ z a v]b only 9 niphal & hiphil4 ,! fem99e n\n occurs ,deut]onomy xxxiii4 #d1 i4e4 ?is ^w diff]5tly po9t$:i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 4 occurs ,nehemiah v4 #g1 r5d]$ 4 ,) ?is be=e u x seems beside ! m>k to seek a mean+ out ( ! root 4 ,accord+ to ! usage obs]vable 9 ?is book1 fem99es 7we %\ld pref] to call !m ab/racts7 9 diff] f ^? 9 comp>e 1 *apt] i4 #d2 ! ab/ract 9 ?is =m aga9 becomes z x 7 a concrete4 ,?us we %\ld incl9e to indorse ! view enunciat$ by ,pre/on1 :o consid]s ! ^w to be repres5t$ by #8collector' or #8concionator' 9 ,lat94 ,bo? ^! mean+s we believe are conta9$ 9 ! ^w1 & x is q consi/5t ) :at we "k ( ! /yle ( ,ecclesia/es to admit t bo? ^! mean+s 7 int5d$ to be convey$4 ,! disc\rse is a collection ( sep>ate b connect$ aphorisms on ! transitor9ess ( human exi/5ce! au?or is ?us a collector ( !m2 & z ! disc\rse 0 deliv]$ app>5tly :5 collect$1 he is a concionator or prea*] also4 ,! ^w us$ by ! ,,lxx41 1 occurs n[h]e else1 ei!r 9 ! ,old or ,new ,te/am5ts1 s t ! precise mean+ !y affix$ to ! ^w is unkn[n4 ,9 classical ,greek x means prea*]4 ,! repetition ( a ^w1 :e!r sub/antive or p>ticle1 9 ! same s5t5ce1 ( c\rse gives emphasis to t ^w2 to translate accurately1 !re=e1 :5 ?is occurs1 we h to add "s ,engli% equival5t1 su* z #8?is' or #8z well1' & s =?1 see ,comm5t>y passim4 ,a c>eful att5tion to ?is rule w (t5 consid]ably help to cle> up obscure passages4 ,,on ,,! ,,peculi> ,,r5d]+s ,,( ,,! ,,v]sion ,,( ,,! ,,lxx4 ,! rem>k ( ,delitzs* on ! translation ( ! ,,lxx41 affix$ to ! ,book ( ,psalms 7,delitzs* on ! ,psalms1 ,cl>k's ,libr>y1 ,ed9burgh7 may be introduc$ "h3#8,?is translation1 z be+ ! olde/ key to ! und]/&+ ( ! language ( ! ,old ,te/am5t writ+s1 z be+ ! olde/ mirror ( ! ,old ,te/am5t text1 & z an important *eck ^u ! int]pretation ( ,scripture h&$ d[n 9 ! ,talmud & ,midra%1 & 9 t portion ( ! national lit]ature n orig9at+ 9 ,egypt1 is invaluable4' ,= ?is rem>k applies to ! r5d]+ ( ,ecclesia/es 9 an equal1 if n great] degree1 & may be (f]$ z an excuse1 if "o be ne$$1 = ! comp>atively l>ge space assign$ to ! discussion ( ! ,septuag9t r5d]+s4 ,a peculi>ity :i* meets u 9 ?is book is ! occurr5ce ( ! preposition foll[$ by an accusative1 & 9 "o case a g5itive1 & :i* seldom if ev] occurs 9 o!r books4 ,?is app>5tly trifl+ circum/ance1 :i* is usually treat$ z a b>b>ism1 w give ! clue :i* w lead to "s curi\s & int]e/+ facts connect$ ) ! me?ods ( translation adopt$ by ! ,,lxx4 ,if we exam9e c>efully & 9 detail ! word+ ( ! ,,lxx4 we c h>dly fail to be /ruck ) ! excessive c>e t is tak5 to r5d] 9 ! exact ord] ( ! ,hebrewa rem>k :i* may be ext5d$ to o!r portions ( ?is v]sion1 ! ,book ( ,job be+1 h[ev]1 a /rik+ exception1 7& :5 !re is any consid]able dep>ture1 9 almo/ e in/ance hi!rto exam9$ a s]i\s v>iation ( text 9 ! diff]5t rec5sions ( ! ,,lxx4 w be f\nd to occur47 ,9 ,ecclesia/es ?is ord] is s /rict t1 ) h>dly an exception1 x w\ld be possible to pr9t ! ,greek text z x /&s z an int]l9e> translation4 ,?is mo/ int]e/+ po9t des]ves fur!r inve/igation ?an appe>s z yet to h be5 giv5 to x4 ,my own impression f ?is circum/ance1 is t ! v]sion ( ! ,,lxx4 0 made ) ! idea t ^? :o us$ x _h ! ,hebrew be=e !m1 & ?is hypo!sis1 = 9 tru? x is no?+ m1 w ,i ?9k gr\p toge!r m facts ?an any o!r suppositions :i* h be5 adopt$ to expla9 ^! /range r5d]+s met ) 9 ! ,,lxx41z1 = example1 v>iation ( orig9al text1 wilful corruption on ! "p ( ! translators1 ,hagadic influ5ce 7( :i* m pres5tly71 & ! l4 ,! ,,lxx4 h execut$ _! "w s well1 t not)/&+ ?is re/riction :i* !y ?us laid ^u !mselves1 we h a v good translation1 :i* = _m c5turies 0 us$ z ! sole repres5tative ( ! anci5t ,scriptures1 & on :i* ! :ole fabric ( anci5t !ology 0 erect$4 ,?is int]l9e> "*1 z we may call x1 ( ! v]sion ( ! ,,lxx41 w expla9 :y !y r5d] ! same ,hebrew ^w by su* v diff]5t ,greek equival5ts4 ,9 an int]l9e> translation !re is no special value 9 uni=m r5d]+2 r ! rev]se4 ,x is bett] ev5 to /udy v>iety ?an uni=mity1 al?\gh we believe t ! ,,lxx4 d nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r1 b simply endeav\r to give ! be/ possible r5d]+ ( ! passage be=e !m4 ,= example1 ! ^w is r5d]$ 9 *apt] iii4 #a1 #ag1 v4 #h 7#g71 viii4 #f1 by 1 & 9 ! o!r ?ree cases 9 :i* x occurs1 viz41 *apt] v4 #d 7#c71 xii4 #a1 #aj1 by 4 ,n[ ! real mean+ ( ?is ^w1 z we h %[n1 is an agreeable provid5tial occurr5ce1 or1 s9ce all provid5tial occurr5ces imply ! ,div9e w on _! side1 any su* :atev]4 ,! ,,lxx4 use ! "o r5d]+ or ! o!r z be/ suits ! context4 ,?is book conta9+ s l>ge a numb] ( te*nical words1 ! mean+ ( :i* is to be s\ght by a c>eful comp>ison ( all ! passages 9 :i* !y occur1 ! r5d]+s ( ! ,,lxx4 become ( special int]e/4 ,! mean+ comp\nd$ ( ! mean+s ( ! ,,lxx4's r5d]+s1 to use a ma!matical simile1 w give u (t5 ! precise %ade ( signification ( ! ,hebrew ( :i* we are 9 se>*1 & ?is w !n approve itself z correct by its suitabl5ess 9 e in/ance4 ,! same obs]vation applies to ! gramm> ( ! ,greek z repres5t+ t ( ! ,hebrew4 ,!re is no attempt :atev] to r5d] ,hebrew grammatical =ms ) any uni=mity4 ,hebrew p]fects are r5d]$ by ,greek pres5ts1 aori/s1 or p]fects2 ,hebrew pres5ts by aori/s or p]fects4 ,p>ticiples are r5d]$ sometimes by p>ticiples1 at o!rs by pr9cipal v]bs4 ,! same ,hebrew prepositions are sometimes r5d]$ by diff]5t ,greek prepositions1 & sometimes simply by case-end+s4 ,! relative is r5d]$ by ! relative1 by ! pron\n1 & by 4 ,! ,hebrew conjugations are n repres5t$ on any settl$ pr9ciple2 ,piels are sometimes inde$ app>5tly m>k$ by a preposition comp\nd$ ) ! v]b1 sometimes n notic$ at all4 ,9 c]ta9 cases 9 :i* ! root is d\btful1 z = example 9 a9 vaw1 & a9 a9 v]bs1 ! ,,lxx4 d n always foll[ ! ,masoretic po9t+ & d]ivation4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ! deviations ( ! ,,lxx41 f bo? po9t+ & acc5tuation1 are m app>5t ?an real1 & may be expla9$1 = ! mo/ "p1 on ! pr9ciple t ! translators felt !mselves oblig$ to foll[ ! ord] ( ! words 9 ! orig9al4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 be> 9 m9d t ! pres5t text ( ! ,,lxx4 is ( all texts ! mo/ "t-worn1 & (t5 requires correction4 ,mo/ provid5tially we d n dep5d on "o rec5sion2 we h 9 exi/+ copies ! rema9s ( sev]al1 & we may make use ( !m to re/ore ! orig9al read+s4 ,! problem 9 ?is case diff]s ess5tially f t :i* meets u 9 revis+ ! ,greek text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,"h diplomatic evid5ce has n ! same weight z !re4 ,em5dations may be detect$1 ev5 :5 bett] read+s ( ! ,hebrew1 by want ( con=mity to ! ,hebrew ord] 7& ! temptation to make su* k9d ( alt]ations1 :5 ! v]sion 0 us$ indep5d5tly1 w\ld cle>ly be v great71 or aga9 a comp>ison ( ! v>i\s read+s w enable u to guess ) tol]able confid5ce :at ! ,hebrew orig9ally 04 ,9 ?is way1 :5 ! ,hebrew text is d\btful1 we c asc]ta9 ! correct read+ by se>*+ = t common orig9 f :i* ! v>iants 9 ! ,,lxx4 7 d]iv$1 & we may !n turn r\nd on ! v]sion ) ! help ( ! ,hebrew1 & %[ h[ ! *anges successively arose4 ,an in/ance ( ?is w be f\nd at *apt] x4 #aj2 h[ f> ,i h succe$$ ! read] mu/ judge4 ,we mu/ also be> 9 m9d t :at we %\ld n[ d5ote by m>g9al r5d]+s are 9 ! anci5t v]sions ins]t$ 9 ! text4 ,! int]l9e> "* ( ! v]sion enables u to detect ?is3 we f9d two ,greek words /&+ 9 place ( a s+le ,hebrew equival5t4 ,! result ( all ?is1 z appli$ 9 ! ,book ( ,ecclesia/es1 is to v9dicate ! accuracy ( ! receiv$ ,hebrew text1 &1 9 a less degree1 ( ! po9t+ & acc5tuation also4 ,only 9 a v few in/ances is x ne$ful to propose an em5dation ( ! ,hebrew text1 & t :]e ! anci5t v]sions are app>5tly unanim\s 9 requir+ x4 ,!re rema9s ano!r po9t1 h[ev]4 ,dr4 ,g9sburg 7& f 8 ext5sive acqua9tance ) ,jewi% lit]ature no "o is bett] qualifi$ to give an op9ion7 consid]s t ,hagadic influ5ce mu/ be tak5 l>gely into acc\nt 9 expla9+ difficult passages 9 ,ecclesia/es2 among/ o!r po9ts he notices ! r5d]+ ( by 1 :i* has be5 ref]r$ to already4 #8,comm5tators1' he says1 #8h be5 p]plex$ to acc\nt = ?is b>b>ism1 & violation ( grammatical propriety1 b a ref]5ce to ,hagadic exegesis w %[ t ?is ,hebrew p>ticle 0 look$ up to z hav+ a my/ical signification1 because ! two lett]s1 & 1 ( :i* x is compos$1 are ! ,alpha & ,omega ( ! ,hebrew alphabet4 ,h5ce ! anxiety ( ! translator to indicate ?is p>ticle 9 ,greek1 :5 a passage appe>$ to him to be fraught ) special my/]ies4' ,b1 z he rem>ks1 x is only 9 tw5ty-n9e in/ances out ( sev5ty-"o occurr5ces ( ?is p>ticle t x is s r5d]$ by ! ,,lxx4 ,moreov]1 ,dr4 ,g9sburg has n %[n t ^! passages are specially my/]i\s4 ,!y are 9 fact nei!r m nor less s ?an "s o!rs 9 :i* ?is p>ticle is n s r5d]$4 ,an exam9ation ( ^! passages w %[1 we ?9k conv9c+ly1 t :at ! ,,lxx4 wi%$ to d 0 to po9t out t 0 emphatic & ) ! mean+ ( #8respect to1' or ! l1 z w be se5 by ref]5ce to ! ,comm5t>y1 especially *apt]s ii4 #ag1 iii4 #ag1 vii4 #bf1 viii4 #h1 #ae4 ,! ,hagadic influ5ce1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,g9sburg1 is /ill m evid5t 9 ! peculi> r5d]+ ( *apt] ii4 #ab1 z well z *apt]s ii4 #ag1 iii4 #ae1 iv4 #ag1 v4 #a1 all :i* are fully treat$ 9 ! ,comm5t>y1 & ! r5d]+s ( ! ,,lxx4 expla9$ & elucidat$1 x is hop$ satisfactorily4 ,s f> f ! true explanation ( ^! r5d]+s be+ f\nd 9 ! ,*aldee p>aphrase1 z ,dr4 ,g9sburg imag9es1 t v]sion gives di/ort$ int]pretations ( passages b p>tially und]/ood4 ,aga91 ! gloss ( ! ,,lxx4 at *apt] ii4 #ae is %>$ by ! ,syriac1 & is a m>g9al read+2 *apt] ii4 #ag is a v]batim read+ ( ! ,hebrew 9 e p>ticul>2 & ! gloss at *apt] ii4 #i is too evid5tly foi/$ 9 f ! m>g9 to make x ( mu* value 9 any argum5t4 ,see note !re4 ,hold+ z ,i d ! p>am\nt au?ority ( ! ,,lxx41 ,i h n scrupl$ to foll[ !m aga9/ ! ,masoretic int]pretation :5 ! s5se ( a passage seem$ to require x1 & ,i deem x a suffici5t answ] to any objections on ?is head1 t ! r5d]+ propos$ is support$ by ! ,,lxx4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ^! diff]5ces are1 z rem>k$ above1 n v great1 & we h r occasion = surprise1 n t !re is "h & !re a div]g5ce1 b t on ! :ole !re is s sub/antial agreem5t4 ,! po9t+ :i* we h 9 our ,hebrew ,bibles embodies a mo/ valuable & v5]able tradition1 b 9 its pres5t =m y\ng] by c5turies ?an t furni%$ by ! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 we admit its great value1 we ought n to make its au?ority absolute1 & ?is is done to all int5ts & purposes by ^? :o reject )\t "q ! anci5t int]pretation because x conflicts ) ! pres5t po9t+4 ,no language is too high to *>act]ize our obligations to ^? ,jewi% fa!rs :o h gu>d$ s fai?fully t special tru/ committ$ to !m! oracles ( ,god4 ,b ! ,synagogue is no m infallible 9 matt]s ( criticism ?an is ! ,*ur*4 ,nei!r ! ,masorets nor ! ,,lxx4 are inspir$1 ?\gh inspiration has be5 by _! respective p>tisans vehem5tly claim$ = bo?4 ,ea* p>ty1 also1 has unduly depreciat$ ! o!r1 & ! ,hebrew s*ol>s h be5 = c5turies divid$ into puncti/s & anti-puncti/s4 ,b z !re is no royal road to le>n+1 s !re is no %ort-cut to c]ta9ty2 ! :ole evid5ce1 let x come f :5ce x may1 mu/ be dilig5tly weigh$ & comp>$4 ,s f> z ! v]sion ( ! ,,lxx4 is conc]n$1 ?is is n done until _! errors1 or suppos$ errors1 h be5 at lea/ duly expla9$ & acc\nt$ =1 ev5 :5 _! r5d]+s are reject$4 ,,o!r ,,v]sions ,,( ,,antiquity4 ,next 9 ord] 9 po9t ( antiquity to ! v]sion ( ! ,,lxx4 /&s ! ,syriac ,pe%ito4 ,?is ,i h sometimes quot$ 9 ! pres5t ,comm5t>y1 hav+ consid]$ x my duty to make myself acqua9t$ ) ?is v]sion1 s t if ,i am n 9 a position to (f] any?+ ( my own1 ,i c foll[ o!r comm5tators1 & te/ _! accuracy4 ,! citations are made f ! edition ( ,dr4 ,lee1 publi%$ by ! ,bible ,society4 ,z might be expect$1 ! ,syriac v]sion /&s midway betwe5 ! ,,lxx4 & ,masoretic text1 agree+ sometimes ) ! "o & sometimes ) ! o!r4 ,x is (t5 assum$ t ! peculi> r5d]+s ( ! ,syriac :i* agree ) ! ,,lxx4 aga9/ ! ,masoretic r5d]+1 arise f corrections ( ! =m] text by ! latt]2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n prov$4 ,! exi/5ce ( su* an elem5t ( correction may well be admitt$1 b x is only "o out ( _m1 & 9 "s cases we %all1 ,i ?9k1 h reason to conclude t ! s5se1 set aside z ( no critical value by "s comm5tators1 does 9 fact embody ! real mean+ ( ! passage "u discussion4 ,see *apt] x4 #aj = an in/ance ( ?is4 ,! ,vulgate is g5]ally accessible2 its value is subord9ate z comp>$ ) ! above-m5tion$ v]sions1 be+ only1 z is well kn[n1 correct$ f ! ,hebrew by ,j]ome4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! evid5ce x af=ds ( an anci5t read+ is all ! m valuable on ?is acc\nt4 ,see ! note at *apt] x4 #aj4 ,! fragm5ts ( ! anci5t ,greek v]sions ( ,aquila1 ,symma*us1 & ,!odotion are (t5 ( ! v highe/ value1 & dilig5t use has be5 made ( !m4 ,! edition us$ is t ( ,field1 ,orig9is ,hexapla1 edition by ,frid]icus ,field1 ,ox=d1 #ahfg1 vol4 ii4 ,! ,codex ,syriaco ,hexapl>is1 ,h4 ,midd$orpf1 ,b]l91 #ahce1 has also be5 exam9$4 ,,! ,,translations ,,( ,,?is ,,comm5t>y4 ,two translations ( ?is book are "h (f]$ to ! read]1 ! fir/1 disp]s$ ?r\gh ! notes1 d5ot$ by bold-fac$ type1 is absolutely lit]al1 ev5 to utt] baldness1 & rigidly foll[s ! exact ord] ( ! ,hebrew4 ,9 ! accompany+ runn+ comm5t>y ! con/ruction ( ! s5t5ces is c>efully po9t$ out1 ! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 not$ :]e peculi>1 & ! attempt made 9 all cases to acc\nt = ! peculi>ity1 ei!r by %[+ t !y h pres]v$ ! true int]pretation1 or else expla9+ h[ ! error arose4 ,! s5se ?us obta9$ is embodi$ 9 ! p>aphra/ic v]sion pr9t$ at ! head ( ! page4 ,!re has be5 no attempt made to adopt1 9 ?is latt] translation1 ! phraseology ( ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion2 r ! rev]se1 z x is n int5d$ to be indep5d5t1 b is to be reg>d$ z ( ! nature ( an explanatory comm5t>y or an ,engli% ,t>gum ^u ! text4 ,x also seeks to r5d] idea = idea r ?an ^w = ^w1 & gives 9 e case ! mean+ :i* on ! :ole seem$ mo/ probable1 & squ>$ be/ ) ! context4 ,x attempts also to repres5t equivokes & allit]ations 9 ! orig9al1 by correspond+ equivokes & allit]ationsn necess>ily 9 ! equival5t words ( ! translation1& po9ts out1 by figures1 italics1 & o!r typographical signs1 in/ances ( artificial arrangem5t ( topics & ! l2 see ,*apt]s ,i4 & ,,ii41 etc4 ,to ! ,engli% read] a caution is "h ne$$4 ,! v nature ( su* a v]sion requires t all be made to run q smoo?ly2 ?us1 h[ev] obscure ! passage1 a s5se is giv51 & difficulties are put out ( sight4 ,b aft] all ?is only repres5ts ! mean+ ! comm5tator ?9ks mo/ probable1 & he may be q wrong1 & altoge!r mi/ak54 ,su* a v]sion is aft] all a ,t>gum9 o!r words1 a well-mean+ attempt at explanation1 ) "s amplification1 ( ! sacr$ text4 ,9 deal+ !n ) x let ! read] imitate ! ,jews ( old1 :o1 :5 !y read ! sacr$ text itself1 did s ) e outw>d manife/ation ( respect & def]5ce2 b :5 !y came to read ! ,t>gum alt]$ _! mann]1 & %[$ by po/ure & ge/ure t !y cle>ly reg>d$ ?is z b a m]e exposition ( ! ,div9e ,^w1 & ( no au?ority4 ,! foll[+ works are assum$ to be easily accessible to ,engli% read]s3,ecclesia/es1 ,!odore ,pre/on1 ,london1 #ahde2 ,comm5t>y on ,ecclesia/es1 ,moses ,/u>t1 ,new ,york1 #ahea2 ,cohele?1 by ,*ri/ian ,d4 ,g9sburg1 ,london1 #ahfa2 ,ecclesia/es or ,kohele?1 by ,dr4 ,otto ,zckl]1 edit$ by ,pr(4 ,taylor ,lewis1 ,,ll4,d41 ,ed9burgh1 #ahgj2 ,comm5t>y on ! ,bible1 ,c4 ,wordswor?1 ,bi%op ( ,l9coln1 ,london1 #ahfh4 ,! "w ( ,dr4 ,g9sburg especially w be f\nd indisp5sable4 ,dr4 ,g9sburg has /at$ at l5g?1 & = ! mo/ "p 9 ! writ]s' own words1 ! diff]5t op9ions ( critics1 ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian1 :o h writt5 on ?is book4 ,8 va/ read+ & erudition are ?us made available = future s*ol>s4 ,once = all1 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge ! deep obligation ,i am "u to 8 "w4 ,if 9 _m ( my r5d]+s ,i am compell$ to diff] f him1 ,i am n ! less indebt$ to him on t acc\nt4 ,if ,i h really se5 fur!r ?an he has1 x is only because he has1 s to speak1 all[$ me to m\nt on 8 %\ld]s4 ,any "o :o takes ! tr\ble to comp>e my "w ) 8 w see t mo/ ( my r5d]+s c\ld h be5 support$ by a "n ( weight4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,i h ! au?ority ( ! ,,lxx4 9 my fav\r1 ,i am cont5t1 & cite no o!rs4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 n fail$ to resort to su* ( ! comm5tators 9 ,dr4 ,g9sburg's li/1 ,g]man & ,engli%1 z well z "s publi%$ s9ce ! appe>ance ( 8 book1 z w\ld be likely to give additional light4 ,! "w ( ,dr4 ,graetz1 ,kohelet od] d] ,salomonis*e ,pr$ig]1 von ,dr4 ,h4 ,graetz1 ,leipzig1 #ahga1 did n come to h& until ! l>g] portion ( ?is comm5t>y 0 9 type4 ,! texts made use ( are ^? conta9$ 9 ! ,polyglott5 ,bibel1 zum praktis*5 ,h&gebrau* be>beitet von ,r4 ,/i]1 und ,r4 ,g4 ,w4 ,!ile1 ,dritte ,auflage1 ,bielfeld1 #ahfd4 ,! foll[+ notation ( ,,ms4 & ,editions f ! above "w is adopt$ 9 ! comm5t>y3 ,a ,alex&r9e text4 ,a ,alex&r9e ,manuscript4 ,a ,alex&r9e ,edition1 ,grabe1 ,breit+]1 ,re9eccius4 ,b ,vatican text4 ,b ,vatican ,manuscript4 ,b ,roman ,edition1 #aehg4 ,c ,codex ,fr$]ico-,augu/anus 7( ,tis*5dorf47 ,d ,codex ,ephraemi rescriptus 7( ,tis*5dorf47 ,e ,editio ,ald9a1 #aeah4 ,f ,complut5sium ,polyglot4 ,x ,o!r ,,ms4 n especially nam$4 ,x may also be notic$ t all citations are f *apt] & v]se z 9 ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion2 :]e ^! diff] f ! ,hebrew1 ! latt] is add$ 9 a bracket?us *apt] v4 #i 7#h74 ,,ecclesia/es4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! words ( ! ,prea*]1 ,,! disc\rse ( ! ,prea*]1 ! son ( ,david1 k+ ( ! son ( ,david1 k+ ( ,j]usalem4 ,j]usalem4 ,i4 7#a47 ,! words ( ,kohele?1 ! son ( ,david1 k+ 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! mean+ ( ! t]m ,kohele?1 & ! "q ( au?or%ip ( ! book1 is discuss$ 9 ! introduction4 ,we h only to rem>k "h on ! use ( ! ^w z x occurs 9 ?is book 9 ! te*nical s5se n only ( a #8^w' or #8reason1' b also includ+ ! matt] or ?+ :i* ! ^w repres5ts4 ,usually x ref]s to words1 reason+s1 & matt]s connect$ ) ! my/]ies ( ,provid5ce! :ole treatise itself be+ argum5tative & didactic1 discuss+ ! vanity1 t is1 ! transitor9ess1 ( human exi/5ce1 z its topic4 ,,section ,i4,! vanity or evanesc5ce ( all ?+s human4 #b ,vanity ( vanities1 ,utt]ly evanesc5t1 utt]ly sai? ! ,prea*]1 vanity ( evanesc5t1 sai? ! ,prea*]2 vanities2 all is vanity4 ! :ole is evanesc5t4 7#b47 ,vanity ( vanities1 said ,kohele?2 vanity ( vanities 7v emphatic71 ! :ole 71 ) ! article giv+ a slightly diff]5t notion to 1 ! #8:ole collectively' !re=e2 ! ^w is equival5t to ! ,greek 1 ) ! limitation h[ev] to human life 9 ?is _w1 z w become manife/ 9 ! c\rse ( ! book7 is vanity1 71 t :i* is #8evanesc5t' or #8transitory1' b nev] us$ 9 ! mod]n s5se ( be+ frivol\s or empty47 ,!re is no?+ ( sc(f+ epicureanism 9 ?is book2 ! life ( man is ev] spok5 ( 9 ! mo/ s]i\s & solemn tones4 ,!re is1 inde$1 mu* s>casm1 b x nev] t\*es ^u lightness or indiff]5ce2 x is always grave & solemn1 & ev5 :5 to sup]ficial obs]vation appe>+ equivocal or sceptical1 proves1 on fur!r exam9ation1 to hide promises & hopes b5ea? its bitt]ness4 ,?is fir/ v]se may be look$ ^u z ! text or topic ( ! disc\rse2 ,kohele? next proce$s to "w out ! argum5t sugge/$ by x 9 detail4 #c ,:at pr(it ha? a man ,is !re any pr(itable ( all 8 lab\r :i* he result to ,humanity 9 all take? "u ! sun8 8 c>es1 ov] :i* he ev] moils1 9 ?is hot "w-day _w8 ,no1 = 7#c47 ,:at is8 7expect+ ! answ] no1 & s ne>ly equival5t to a d5ial7 ! pr(it 71 a ^w peculi> to ?is bookoccurs *apt] i4 #c2 ii4 #aa1 #ac twice2 iii4 #i2 v4 #i 7#h71 #af 7#ae72 vii4 #ab2 x4 #aj1 #aa;i4e4 t5 times 9 all2 x is a te*nical ^w1 & is us$ to signify t :i* rema9s ov] & above aft] ! act is p]=m$1 & ap>t f its pres5t results4 ,kohele? uses frequ5tly ^! n\ns end+ 9 ?us #8to ext5d1' #8run ov]1' #8rema9d]1' #8rememb]1' #8remembrance1' etc4 ,^! n\ns are 9 _! nature ab/racts1 b diff] f ! ord9>y ab/racts2 see *apt] i4 #ad7 to man 71 ?is ^w occurs 9 its diff]5t comb9ations =ty-eight times 9 ?is book1 & always ) ! signification ( man z a memb] ( ! human race4 ,!re is a tone ( p]sonification ab\t ! ^w simil> to t :i* occurs 9 ! expression #8! old ,adam2' :5 ?is g5]ic "* is n to be express$1 !n or is us$ in/ead2 see *apt]s i4 #h2 ix4 #ad & #ae71 9 all 8 toil 71 a fav\rite ^w ( ,kohele?1 & us$ z frequ5tly 9 ?is book z 9 all ! re/ ( ,scripture put toge!r4 ,! exact mean+ to be affix$ to x1 & :i*1 c>efully kept 9 view1 w be f\nd to expla9 m ?an "o o!rwise obscure passage1 is t toil1 c>e1 or anxiety :i* lab\r produces1 & answ]s to ! idea conta9$ 9 our metaphor #8takes pa9s2' see *apt] ii4 #bj71 :i* he toils at 7?is is ! fir/ in/ance :i* occurs ( ! contract$ relative jo9$ to ! ^w4 ,kohele? uses also ! full relative 1 b ) a slight diff]5ce ( mean+4 ,! contract$ relative ref]s to ! ^w only :i* x jo9s1 & 9 case ( v]bs (t5 gives a subjunctive or optative mean+2 ! full relative ref]s back to ! :ole idea or clause4 ,h5ce ! mean+ ( ?is passage is ?is1 #8,is !re any abid+ advantage to humanity ( ! pa9s ( 8 lab\r+ 9 s f> z he does take pa9s1 or toils'7 "u ! sun 7or 9 ?is pres5t /ate ( exi/5ce74 ,! phrase occurs tw5ty-five times 9 ?is book1 & is always expressive ( a limitation4 ,x %[s t :at is affirm$ is to be und]/ood z conf9$ to its relation to ?is sublun>y exi/5ce only4 ,! idea impli$ is t ( man toil+ "u ! sun 9 ! heat ( ! day 9 ! sweat ( 8 br[ 7,g5esis iii4 #ag71 & e>ne/ly desir+ ! %ad[ 7,job vii4 #b71 :i* %ad[ is yet ! symbol ( decay+ life4 ,x is true t ,ecclesia/es is nev] quot$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b !re are c]ta9ly sev]al allusions to x1 m or less direct2 "o ( ^! app>5tly occurs ,revelation vii4 #af3 1 1 ' ' 1 #8,!y %all hung] no m1 nei!r ?ir/ any m1 nei!r %all ! sun light on !m by day1 nor any heat4' ,! ,*aldee ,t>gum expresses ?is idea qua9tly b =cibly3 #8,:at advantage is !re to a man aft] 8 dea? f all 8 lab\r :i* he lab\r$ "u ! sun 9 ?is _w1 except he /udi$ ! ^w ( ,god1 9 ord] to receive a good rew>d 9 ! _w to come f be=e ! ,"l ( ! _w8' ,9 ord] to rem9d ! read] ( ?is mean+ ( ! words #8"u ! sun1' ,i h :5ev] !y occur p>aphras$ !m by #89 ?is hot "w-day _w'n t ?is p>aphrase is q satisfactory1 b x is ! be/ ,i c\ld f9d4 ,to answ] ! above "q1 ,kohele? cites eight diff]5t in/ances2 f\r f natural1 & f\r f moral exp]i5ce4 ,^? we might call ! eight unbeatitudes ( ?is s]mon4 #d ,"o g5]ation passe? ,i4 ,a g5]ation comes1 & away1 & ano!r g5]ation t g5]ation dep>ts4 ,b come?3 b ! e>? abide? ! e>? ! same abides4 = ev]4 7#d47 ,a g5]ation comes 7i4e4 proce$s2 ! ^w occurs five times 9 ! passage74 ,a g5]ation sets 7us+ exactly ! same ^w z = ! sett+ ( ! sun 9 ! next v]se71 b ! e>? to ! age abide? 7i4e4 rema9s ! same z x 0 #8to ! age' ?is ^w is us$ 9 a te*nical s5se1 & occurs *apt]s i4 #d1 #aj2 ii4 #af2 iii4 #aa1 #ad2 ix4 #f2 & xii4 #e 9 ?is book4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 1 :i* ,b5gel says is #8sculum prs5s1 mundus 9 sua indole cursu et c5su4' ,h5g/5b]g obs]ves t x is n an absolutely endless et]nity1 b only a future ( unlimit$ l5g?4 ,b5gel's def9ition1 #8! pres5t p]iod 9 its quality1 c\rse1 & acc\nt1' is exactly :at ! ^w signifies 9 ?is book4 ,x is to be notic$ t ea* in/ance ( *ange is foll[$ by a s5t5ce :i* po9ts out t ?is *ange is resultless4 ,9 ! fir/1 ! fluctuat+ & fleet+ g5]ations or life-p]iods ( man contra/ ) ! absolute endurance ( an un*ang$ ord] ( ?+s74 #8,! great mill-:eel ( exi/5ce only revolves = ! same cogs to come upp]mo/ aga9 & aga94',hamilton1 ,royal ,prea*]4 #e ,! sun also arise?1 ,,ii4 ,bur/s =? ! sun1 & ! sun goe? d[n1 & & sets t sun aga92 & ha/e? to 8 place :]e we>ily advanc+1 bur/s he arose4 =? z he did be=e4 ,hebrew pante?4 7#e47 ,& rises 7i4e4 #8bur/s out' or #8irradiates'7 ! sun1 & sets ! sun 7z #8sun' is repeat$1 ! second is equival5t to t same sun7 & t[>ds 8 place pant+ 7?is ^w #8pant1' 1 occurs ,job vii4 #b2 ,psalm lvii4 #c2 ,psalm cxix4 #aca1 & d5otes e>ne/ desire3 ! metaphor is a v beautiful "o 9 ?is context7ris+ 7irradiat+7 is he !re4 #f ,! w9d goe? t[>d ! ,,iii4 ,go+ s\?w>ds1 & s\?1 & turne? ab\t unto twi/+ nor?w>ds1 twi/+1 ! nor?2 x :irle? ab\t twi/+ goes ! bla/2 & cont9ually1 & ! w9d s ) all its twi/+s ! returne? aga9 accord+ to w9d returns4 8 circuits4 7#f47 ,go+ 7i4e4 #8walk+1' #8proce$+1' z 9 v]se #d7 t[>ds ! s\? 7! qu>t] ( w>m w9ds71 & turn+ r\nd t[>ds ! nor? 7! place ( cold71 turn+ turns1 go+ ! w9d 7!re is 9 ! ,hebrew a conc\rse ( sibilant lett]s imitat+ ! s\nd ( ! w9d1 :i* is attempt$ to be r5d]$ 9 ! p>aphrase71 & 9 its turn+s returns ! w9d 7t is1 ev] goes r\nd 9 ! same circuits1 z ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion translates74 ,?us we h an allusion to ! f\r c>d9al po9ts ( ! univ]se1 ,nor?1 ,s\?1 ,ea/1 & ,we/4 #g ,all ! riv]s run into ,,iv4 ,all ! torr5ts are ! sea2 yet ! sea is runn+ t[>ds ! sea1 t n full2 unto ! place sea :i* nev] ov]fl[s2 f :5ce ! riv]s come1 to ! place :]e ^! ?i!r !y return aga94 torr5ts are ha/5+1 ?i!r !y are only ,hebrew return to g4 return+ to g back4 7#g47 ,all ! torr5ts 71 a m\nta9 /ream especially7 are go+ to ! sea1 & ! sea x is n full 7equival5t to #8t sea :i* is nev] fill$ or any full]'71 to ! place to :i* ! riv]s 7contract relative1 mean+ ^! same riv]s7 are go+1 !nce are !y return+ to g back4 7,s ! ,,lxx42 o!rs ) ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion translate1 #8,?i!r !y return aga94'7 ,x is to be rem>k$ t ?is fact is sci5tifically accurate 9 /atem5t4 ,! ,t>gum has ! gloss t ! riv]s fl[ into ! ocean :i* surr\nds ! _w l a r+1 & t !y return aga9 ?r\gh ! subt]ranean *annels1 b ,kohele? kn[s no?+ ( su* false philosophy4 #h ,all ?+s are full ( ,v4 ,all matt]s are fatigu+2 lab\r2 man _c utt] x3 impossible = any "o to ! eye is n satisfi$ ) reason out4 ,nev] is ! eye see+1 nor ! e> fill$ satisfi$ by see+1 nor ev] ) he>+4 ! e> fill$ ) s\nd4 7#h47 ,all ! words 7) ! article1 & !re=e g5]ic2 #8matt]s' or #8?+s1' 9 ! te*nical s5se ( ?+s reason$ ab\t1 see v]se #a7 are fatigu+ 7s ! ,,lxx4 & ,vulgate2 ,g9sburg has #8feeble2' ,pre/on1 #89 activity2' & ,h5g/5b]g1 #8all words become we>y2' b ! anci5t v]ses make bett] s5se ) ! context71 n possible is x = a man 7n "h1 b #8"o1' or #8any "o'7 to utt] !m 71 #8to speak rationally conc]n+ !m1' & s to acc\nt = _! exi/5ce or expla9 _! nature4 ,! impossibility ( exhau/+ a subject by talk+ or reason+ ab\t x is "h ! po9t1 z is evid5t f ! ord] ( ! words72 n satisfi$ 7answ]+ to ! #8n possible' above7 is ! eye ) see+1 & n is fill$ ! e> by s\nd 7or by :at x he>s74 ,s !n1 :ile ! consid]ation ( any matt] is pretty sure to produce we>9ess1 x is q c]ta9 n to produce satisfaction4 #i ,! ?+ t ha? be51 ,,vi4 ,:atev] has be58 'tis x is t :i* %all be2 j ! same z w be2 & & t :i* is done is :atev] has be5 done8 'tis t :i* %all be done3 j ! same z w be done4 & !re is no new ?+ ,s !re is no?+ altoge!r "u ! sun4 new )9 ?is "w-day _w4 7#i47 ,:at is t :i* has be58 x is ! same :i* w be2 & :at is t :i* has be5 done8 x is ! same :i* w be done 7s ! ,,lxx41 lit]ally foll[+ ! ,heb4 text71 & !re is no?+ all new "u ! sun4 ,! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion und]/&s by ?is #8no new ?+2' b ! peculi> position ( ?is ^w #8all' seems to imply t #8no?+' mu/ be tak5 ) "s slight qualification1no?+ morally new4 ,! next v]se admits mat]ial novelty4 #aj ,is !re any ?+ ,,vii4 ,no d\bt !re occurs :]e( x may be said1 ,see1 a matt] su* t p ?is is new8 x ha? be5 say1 ,see1 n[ ?is is really already ( old "t1 :i* 0 new4 ,! pres5t 0 x once be=e u4 9 "s age be=e our "t4 7#aj47 ,!re is 71 :i* is s f> diff]5t f t x assumes ! exi/5ce z a fact1 #8,!re really are matt]s :i* are call$ new'7 a matt] :i* "o says 7contract$ relative jo9$ to ! v]b1 & giv+ an emphasis to x1 equival5t !re=e to our #8( :i* x may be said1 inde$'7 see ?is new x is 7emphatic7 ! pres5t 7 occurs eight times1 viz41 i4 #aj1 ii4 #ab1 #af1 iii4 #ae twice1 iv4 #b1 vi4 #aj1 & ix4 #f1 #g;9 ,ecclesia/es only2 x is a te*nical ^w us$ to d5ote ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 t "p ( ! or #8age' :i* is n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,9 ! lat] ,hebrew & ,syriac x is us$ z an adv]b1 #8already1' b t is n its use "h4 ,?is rem>k is ! m important because x is "o ( ^? s-call$ ,aramaic words1 ! occurr5ce ( :i* is suppos$ to indicate ! late p]iod ( ?is book's composition4 ,a c>eful obs]vance ( its real import w ?r[ consid]able light on sev]al v obscure passages4 ,g5]ally1 x may be tak5 = grant$ t if ,kohele? uses a new ^w or =m n kn[n 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,scriptures1 x is because he desires to indicate a new idea47 ,x 0 to ! ages :i* 7full relative1 ref]r+ back1 !re=e1 to ! :ole s5t5ce7 7 f be=e u 7z we h ages 9 ! plural1 foll[$ by a s+ul> v]b1 1 ! mean+ is "s "o ( ! ages74 ,?is ?+ :i* is said to be new is really "o ( ^? =gott5 matt]s :i* exi/$ 9 "o or o!r ( ! eras :i* 7 be=e our "t4 #aa ,!re is no remembrance ,,viii4 ,!re is no remembrance ( =m] ?+s2 nei!r ( =m] matt]s2 & s also %all !re be any ) reg>d to subsequ5t ones remembrance ( ?+s t :i* w be1 !re w be no are to come ) ^? t remembrance ) ^? :o w %all come aft]4 succe$ !m4 7#aa47 ,!re is no?+ ( remembrance 7or memorial7 to =m] ev5ts 7or p]sons7 & 9 addition to succe$+ ev5ts :i* w be4 ,!re w n be to !m 7emphatic7 a remembrance 7! repetition ( ?is ^w %[s x to be ! prom95t ^w ( ! s5t5ce7 among/ ^? :i* %all be to 7i4e4 belong+ to7 ! la/ ( all 7s ! ,,lxx47 ,we h "h ! fem99e =m1 4 ,kohele? usually expresses ! ab/racts by ?is =m1 & s "h4 ,?us1 !n1 we f9d t hi/ory always repeats itself3 n s1 h[ev]1 t its ev5ts c be anticipat$1 b always s t its tea*+s may be =gott54 ,?is !n =ms ! fir/ division ( ! book4 ,by ^! eight in/ances ,kohele? proves ! exi/5ce ( unceas+ toilsome c>e & resultless progression 9 all human ?+s4 ,he proce$s 9 ! next place to give 8 own p]sonal exp]i5ce1 9 ! =m ( an autobiography to ! same effect4 ,all comm5tators1 ev5 ^? :o d5y t ,solomon himself 0 ! au?or ( ?is book1 are agre$ t he is ! h]o1 & t 8 life & exp]i5ce =m ! gr\ndwork ( :at is "h set be=e u4 ,,section ,,ii4,conta9+ a m =mal discussion ( ! problem ( human exi/5ce1 drawn f ! ,prea*]'s own obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 #ab ,i ! ,prea*] 0 k+ ,n[1 ,i myself1 ! ,prea*]1 ov] ,israel 9 ,j]usalem4 0 k+ ov] ,israel 9 ,j]usalem1 7#ab47 ,i 7emphatic7 ,kohele? 0 k+ ov] ,israel 9 ,j]usalem4 ,g9sburg supposes t by ?is decl>ation t he 0 k+1 he int5ds to imply t he 0 s no long]2 b n only does ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by an imp]fect1 b ! same ^w occurs 9 precisely ! same =m at ,exodus ii4 #bb1 & cle>ly at ! "t !re m5tion$ ,moses cont9u$ to be a /rang] 9 ,midian4 ,! object 9 /at+ ?is fact is r to %[ t z a k+ he possess$ peculi> facilities = mak+ ! inve/igation1 an acc\nt ( :i* foll[s4 #ac ,& ,i gave my he>t to & ,i took ! greate/ pa9s seek & se>* out by wisdom to seek out & to inve/igate conc]n+ all ?+s t by means ( wisdom ev]y?+ are done "u heav53 ?is t is done )9 ! limits sore travail ha? ,god giv5 ( ?is _w2 h[ x is a to ! sons ( man to be pa9ful unc]ta9ty appo9t$ ex]cis$ !re)4 ( ,god to ! human race t !y %\ld be di/ract$ ) ,or1 to afflict !m4 x4 7#ac47 ,& ,i set my he>t 7gave great pa9s to1 or ?\ght mu* on1 see i4 #ag1 vii4 #ba1 viii4 #i1 #aj2 ,daniel x4 #ab2 #a ,*ronicles xxii4 #ai7 to inquir+ 71 be+ us$ ( some?+ lo/ or hidd51 ,g5esis xxv4 #bb1 ,deut]onomy xxii4 #b7 & to inve/igat+ 71 ref]s to spy+ out or se>*+1 ,numb]s xiii4 #ae1 *apt] vii4 #be7 9 wisdom 7! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion consid]s t wisdom 0 ! means by :i* inquiry 0 made7 conc]n+ 71 ov]7 all :i* 7equival5t to #8all t :i*'7 is done 7b be+ niphal x has an objective s5se1 & includes :at is suff]$7 "u ! heav5s 7?is =mula occurs *apt] ii4 #c1 & iii4 #a1 & is ( l>g] import ?an "u ! sun7 x is 7#8,i mean t' is ! equival5t expression 9 ,engli%7 unc]ta9ty 71 ?is is ano!r te*nical ^w1 x occurs eight times1 *apt] i4 #ac1 ii4 #bc1 #bf1 iii4 #aj1 iv4 #h1 v4 #c 7#d71 viii4 #af1 & a c>eful comp>ison ( places w %[ t ! mean+ is #8unc]ta9ty1' accompani$ ) #8anxiety' z to :at is to happ5 9 ! future7 :i* is an evil 7= x is )\t ! article7 giv5 ( ,god 7)\t ! article2 because ,god is "h us$ p]sonally1 x is nom9ative to ( c\rse1 b z ! nom9ative foll[s ! v]b1 ?is is ! be/ way ( r5d]+ 9 ?is case7 to ! sons ( ! ,adam 7! #8:ole human race' is ! mean+ ( ?is =m71 t !y may be made anxi\s 7,,lxx4 7 !re) 7emphatic74 #ad ,i h se5 all ! works ,i p]ceiv$ ) respect to t are done "u ! sun2 all ! actions :atsoev]1 9 &1 behold1 all is vanity s f> z !y are p]=m$ & vexation ( _s4 )9 ?is "w-day _w1 t !y are c]ta9ly all ( !m 7#a47 evanesc5t1 7#b47 a vexation ( _s1 7#ad47 ,i h se5 7,i h obs]v$1 t is7 ) respect to all actions 7 is "h emphatic z /&+ fir/7 :i* are p]=m$ 7niphal & contract$ relative1 h5ce hav+ ! mean+ 9 s f> z !y are or may be done7 "u ! sun 7= )\t ?is limitation ! above proposition w\ld n be true71 & behold 7ass]t+ a matt] ( fact pat5t to all7 ! :ole 7) ! article & 9 its usual s5se1 see *apt] i4 #b7 is a vanity 7i4e4 an in/ance ( some?+ evanesc5t7 & a vexation ( _s 71 occurs sev5 times 9 ?is book1 viz41 *apt]s i4 #ad1 ii4 #aa1 #ag1 #bf1 iv4 #d1 #f1 & vi4 #i2 occurs ?ree times1 i4 #ag1 ii4 #bb1 iv4 #af4 ,^! words h usually be5 reg>d$ z absolutely synonym\s1 & hi!rto ! diff]5ce ( mean+ has n be5 notic$2 b !re is a slight diff]5ce1 z a comp>ison ( places w %[4 ,! exact s5se to be atta*$ to !m is a matt] ( dispute1 & #8a w9dy notion1' #8/riv+ aft] ! w9d1' h be5 propos$1 b ! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx41 1 #8di/raction1' repres5ts ! mean+ be/4 ,) reg>d to we may notice t x is =m$ q regul>ly f 1 :i* is #8evil1' 9 ! s5se ( some?+ t #8hurts' or #8(f5ds1' & is 9 ! nature ( a collective plural2 s d we acc\nt at once = ! peculi> po9t+ & = ! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 ,on ! o!r h&1 has1 z n\ns ) ?is t]m9ation usually h1 a m subjective mean+2 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! two is t betwe5 #8vexations (' & #8vex+ (' _s2 ?us 9 v]se #ag1 :]e ! tr\ble came f 8 own _s1 caus$ by 8 inability to expla9 ! difficulty :i* confront$ him 9 8 argum5t1 ,kohele? uses ! subjective =m74 #ae ,t :i* is crook$ 7#c47 a p]plexity :i* x is _c be made /raight3 & impossible to set "r1 7#d47 t :i* is want+ _c a defect :i* x is equally be numb]$4 impossible to acc\nt =4 ,hebrew defect4 7#ae47 ,a crook$ness 7occurs *apt]s vii4 #ac1 xii4 #c1 & ,amos viii4 #e1 :5ce x appe>s t ! precise mean+ is moral obliquity7 n enabl$ to be set 9 ord] 7occurs *apt] i4 #ae1 vii4 #ah1 xii4 #i1 only71 a defect 7occurs "h only1 b see ,deut]onomy xxviii4 #dh1 #eg1 :]e ! root is us$ ( fam9e1 & #a ,k+s xvii4 #af1 to d5ote ! failure ( ! oil7 n enabl$ 7repeat$1 h5ce we mu/ r5d] #8x is equally impossible'7 to be numb]$ 7inf9itive plural niphal74 ,! mean+ ( ?is v]se has be5 v mu* disput$1 b if x be consid]$ z ! sequel to :at w5t imm$iately be=e1 ! s5se w be q pla94 ,we may disc]n 9 x a f\rfold description ( human life1 9 respect ( its c>es & anxieties & unc]ta9ties1 ! fir/ po9t be+ 7i47 t ?is c>e is = some?+ evanesc5t2 7ii47 t x is vexati\s2 7iii47 & !n ?is anxiety is useless1 because life is s p]v]t$ z to be beyond ! possibility ( be+ set 9 ord] by any c>e ( ours2 7iv47 & s defective t no acc\nt c be giv5 :i* w\ld set x "r3 #8:i* ( y by tak+ ?\ght c add "o cubit to 8 /ature8' #af ,i commun$ ) m9e own ,i reason$ ov] ! matt] he>t1 say+1 ,lo1 ,i am come ) my own he>t to ?is to great e/ate1 & h effect4 ,i :o h1 x appe>s1 gott5 m wisdom ?an all become great] & m !y t h be5 be=e advanc$ 9 wisdom ?an any :o me 9 ,j]usalem3 yea1 my 7 be=e me 9 ,j]usalem1 he>t _h great exp]i5ce & exp]i5c$ ov] ! wide/ ( wisdom & k4 ext5t ( wisdom & k1 ,hebrew _h se5 mu*4 7#af47 ,reason$ ,i myself toge!r ) my he>t to say 7z reason$ /&s fir/1 ?is is ! subject ( ! :ole1 & ! words #8to say1' 1 are ! usual =mula ( introduction ( ! ?+ said2 !y are equival5t to our #8to ?is effect4' ,?is !n is ,kohele?'s reason+1 ! result ( :i* is to be giv571 ,i behold 7/at+ x z an admitt$ & pat5t fact7 ,i h be5 made great1 & ,i h be5 add$ to 9 wisdom above all :i* 7 be=e me 9 ,j]usalem1 & my he>t has se5 ! mu* 7) ! article express$2 equival5t !re=e to v mu*1 or z mu* z possible (7 wisdom & k4 #ag ,& ,i gave my he>t & h set my he>t e>ne/ly to "k wisdom1 & to "k to "k wisdom1 & to "k madness & folly3 ,i p]ceiv$ false successes f real acts t ?is also is vexation ( ( prud5ce1 "k b ?is3 x _s4 is simply vex+ "o's _s2 7#ag47 ,& ,i h giv5 my he>t 9 ord] to "k wisdom 7t is1 he made wisdom 8 special /udy & object7 & ! k ( 7#8"k' be+ repeat$ rises into special prom95ce1 & h5ce ! mean+ is to "k wisdom1 or to be wise en\gh to recognise7 false expectations & prud5ces4 7,?is passage is "o ( great difficulty1 b ! exact s5se w become app>5t on inve/igat+ ! mean+ ( ! two words & 2 n[ occurs *apt] i4 #ag1 ii4 #ab1 vii4 #be1 ix4 #c1 & po9t$ ) ,%urek at x4 #ac1 & is peculi> to ,ecclesia/es4 ,x is a te*nical ^w1 & is correctly translat$ #8folly1' b x is t k9d ( folly :i* displays itself 9 false joy4 ,! future poel f :i* ?is n\n is d]iv$ occurs ,job xii4 #ag1 *apt] vii4 #g1 ,isaiah xliv4 #be2 & ! p>ticiple at *apt] ii4 #b1 ,psalm cii4 #hi4 ,?us we see ! connexion betwe5 ?is s5se & ! m ord9>y "o ( #8praise2' x is ! #8beprais$' us$ 9 a bad s5se4 ,! ^w occurs "h only1 b x is r5d]$ by ! ,,lxx4 1 & by ! ,syriac 7 ,syriac71 comp>e also ,g5esis xli4 #cc1 ) ! mean+ #8prud5ce1' & ) ?is agrees ! lat] ,hebrew4 ,n[ ^! mean+s make consi/5t s5se4 ,kohele? wi%$ to "k wisdom & ! k ( folly & prud5ce2 9 o!r words1 to h a wisdom :i* c\ld tell ! "o f ! o!r4 ,?us ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 1 :i* ,a has alt]$ into 2 ?is app>5tly v /range r5d]+ is ?us intelligible en\gh1 especially to ^? :o _h ! ,hebrew be=e !m4 ,to alt] ! text to 1 z "s h propos$1 is n ev5 to cut ! ,gordian knot1 = ) ! true mean+ ( ?is ^w1 #8clev]-folly1' #8false-wisdom1' no bett] s5se w be made1 al?\gh x is q possible t may h be5 *os5 = ! equivoke x gives1 n ev5 diff]+ 9 s\nd1 if ! po9t+ c be tru/$1 f 4 ,! tru? is t s mu* ( our elaborate wisdom & be/ plans are b elaborate mi/akes1 t to attempt to judge ! "o f ! o!r is a hopeless task4 ,h5ce !n ! foll[+7 ,i "k 7?is is ! f\r? "t ?is ^w occurs 9 ! clause1 ?us x is br\ght out ) ! v /ronge/ prom95ce1 & gives ! mean+ #8:at ,i d "k is'7 t ev5 ?is 71 comp>e places *apt] ii4 #ae1 viii4 #ad1 has a peculi> mean+1 expressive ( surprise t ?is %\ld be s7 really is vex+ ( _s 71 n 1 z above2 because 9 ?is case ! vexation is subjective1! idea convey$ by ! :ole passage be+ #8:at ,i d "k z ! result ( my wisdom & k be+ j ev5 ?is1 t x is only a vex+ ( ! _s'74 ,x may be obs]v$ t occurs 9 ! ,*aldee ( ,danielsee ,daniel ii4 #bi1 #cj2 iv4 #ai 7#af72 v4 #f1 etc41 always 9 ! s5se ( a #8pa9ful reflection1' b 9 lat] ,*aldee & ,syriac z #8a reflection' ( any k9d4 ,z ! s5se 9 :i* ,kohele? uses ! ^w is ! ne>e/ to ! root-mean+1 is x n an evid5ce1 s f>1 ( e>li] composition ( 8 book8 #ah ,= 9 mu* wisdom because1 9 increas+ wisdom1 is mu* grief3 & he !re is an increase also ( t increase? k disappo9tm5t1 & :at adds increase? sorr[4 to "o's k adds to "o's sorr[4 7#ah47 ,= 7introduc+ a reason = ?is conclusion z foll[s7 9 mu* wisdom is mu* grief 7grief 9 ! s5se ( #8vexation1' caus$ by disappo9tm5tsee *apt] ii4 #bc1 vii4 #c1 #i1 xi4 #aj1 #a ,samuel i4 #f4 ,! ,,lxx4 translate by 1 #8k'6 ,is x possible t !y int5d$ to ref] to ,g5esis ii4 #ag1 us+ 9 a bad s5se87 & he t increases k increases sorr[ 7*apt] ii4 #bc2 ,exodus iii4 #g1 ( ! ,israeliti% sorr[s at ! h&s ( _! task-ma/]s74 #8,9 a _w l ?is mu* sci5ce is mu* sorr[1 = x is ! k ( p5ury1 ! /ati/ics ( />vation1 ! assurance t our case is desp]ate4',hamilton4 8xvii40 replac$ ) 8#ag0 ,ev5 ! wisdom ( ,solomon hav+ fail$ to f9d any solution ( ! problem ( human anxiety1 he next tries mir?1 b ) no bett] success4 ,?is exp]im5t takes only two v]ses to record1 = x 0 b soon ov]4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,i ,,said 9 m9e he>t1 ,g ,,said !n ,i 9 my he>t1 to n[1 ,i w prove !e ,come n[1 ,i w try !e ) ) mir?1 !re=e enjoy mir?1 & s get a sight ( a pleasure3 &1 behold1 ?is real-good2 b see n[1 ?is is also is vanity4 altoge!r an evanesc5t ?+4 ,( laught]1 ,i said ,delirium3 ,,ii4 7#a47 ,i said1 ev5 ,i 7! p]sonal pron\n is n r$undant1 x indicates t ,kohele? is record+ 8 own exp]i5ce71 9 my he>t 7?is =mula usually introduces 9 ?is book a ?\ght m speci\s ?an true71 ,come n[1 ,i w try !e ) mir? & see into good 7i4e4 /ill address+ 8 he>t1 #8to see a real good2' is us$ 9 ?is book z a te*nical ^w1 l bonum 9 ! summum bonum72 & behold 7/at+ a manife/ fact7 also ?is 7emphatic1 signify+ ?is same mir?7 is a vanity 7an evanesc5t ?+2 joy or mir? !n is too %ort-liv$ to be consid]$ a real good74 #b ,i said ( laught]1 ,x & ( mir?1 ,:at w t is mad3 & ( mir?1 ,:at d8 doe? x8 7#b47 ,to laught] ,i said1 ,madness 7t :i* is made mad1 see note to *apt] i4 #ag71 & to pleasure 7or mir?71 ,:at do? t d8 7z ?is expects ! answ] ,no1 x is v ne>ly equival5t to #8,x does no?+4'7 7,! ,syriac reads "h 7 ,syriac71 #8,:at is ! usefulness1' #8gratification1' or #8delight'8 ,x seems !n z if ! translators ( ?is v]sion recognis$ a play ^u ! words 1 #8:at a folly1' & 1 #8befool$1'?is be+ "o ( ^? equivokes 9 :i* ,kohele? delights4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] v]batim1 z is _! cu/om1 2 #8:y doe/ ?\ ?is8' b possibly ) ! same int5tion47 ,kohele? next tries mat]ial enjoym5t4 ,! mean+ ( ! foll[+ passage has be5 mu* disput$2 we %all foll[ ! r5d]+ sugge/$ by ! ,,lxx41 :i* gives cle> & intelligible s5se4 #c ,i s\ght 9 m9e he>t ,i tri$ ) my he>t to to give myself unto w9e1 yet allure z w9e does "o's fle% acqua9t+ m9e he>t ) 7t he>t1 h[ev]1 be+ wisdom2 & to lay hold on conduct$ ) wisdom71 & s folly1 till ,i might see :at get a hold ov] false wisdom1 0 t good = ! sons s t ,i might see !reby ( m51 :i* !y %\ld d :]e lies ! real good to "u ! heav5 all ! days ! *ildr5 ( m51 :5 !y ( _! life4 are work+ 9 ?is _w1 z ! tale ( _! daily lives4 ,hebrew to draw my fle% ,accord+ly ) w9e4 ,hebrew ! numb] ( ! days ( _! life4 7#c47 ,i inve/igat$ ) my he>t 7or 9 my he>t2 b ! =m] makes bett] s5se4 ,8 he>t 0 ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! inve/igation 0 made4 ,he want$ to see if mat]ial enjoym5t w\ld satisfy 8 he>t1 i4e4 ! emotional "p ( 8 nature7 9 ord] to a draw+ ) w9e 7! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 #8z w9e1' b !y probably did n read o!rwise ?an our pres5t text1 = ?is z repres5ts ! :i* foll[s7 z to my fle% 7! mean+ ( ! ,hebrew is t he drew or entic$ ) w9e ) respect to 8 fle%1 & t h5ce 8 object 9 us+ ! w9e 0 to entice ! fle%4 ,! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 is ad s5sum1 pres]v+ also a r5d]+ ( ea* ^w71 & my he>t l$ 7i4e4 z a man leads an animal1 ,psalm lxxx4 #a1 ,isaiah xi4 #f4 ,z #8he>t' is repeat$1 we h ! mean+ #8t same he>t'7 ) wisdom 7because unless he enjoy$ wisely he w\ld n enjoy at all7 & 7repeat$ 9 ! same clause1 equal !re=e to #8& s'7 to lay hold ( false wisdom 71 occurs *apt]s ii4 #c1 #ab1 #ac1 vii4 #be1 x4 #a1 #ac1 & is peculi> to ?is book4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] #8pleasure1' :i*1 h[ev] ,a alt]s to 1 #8folly1' ! reason ( :i* w appe> pres5tly4 ,! mean+ ( ! root is to #8play1' or #8act ! fool1' & 9 ?is respect diff]s f 1 :i* has ! idea ( #8/upidity1' & 9 ! hiphil =m1 #8made /upid1' or #8befool$4' ,9 all ! t5 places 9 :i* ! root occurs 9 o!r p>ts ( ,scripture1 we f9d ! mean+ ( elaborat5ess & subtilty z well z folly2 comp>e #a ,samuel xiii4 #ac1 ,saul's burnt-(f]+ 9 ! abs5ce ( ,samuel2 #b ,samuel xxiv4 #aj2 #a ,*ronicles xxi4 #h1 ,david's numb]+ ! p2 #b ,*ronicles xvi4 #i1 ,asa's reliance on ,syria2 #b ,samuel xv4 #ca1 ,ahi?ophel's c\nsel2 simil>ly ,isaiah xliv4 #be1 :]e k is said to be misus$2 s also 1 occurs ,j]emiah iv4 #bb1 v4 #ba1 has evid5tly ! same %ade ( mean+4 ,x is h>d to f9d a s+le ^w :i* w r5d] x2 #8fooli% wisdom' or #8clev] follies' are ! be/ comb9ations t occur4 ,x w be se5 also1 9 ref]r+ to ! lexicon1 t ! ,,lxx41 :o translate by 1 app>5tly use ! ^w occasionally 9 a s9i/] aspect1 see ,prov]bs xxx4 #cb1 ,sira xiii4 #h4 ,! ,syriac "h reads 7 ,syriac ^w7 7see i4 #ag71 #8prud5ce1' #8intellig5ce1' contr>y to its int]pretation 9 o!r places4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 x is n difficult to see :y ! ,,lxx4 r5d]$ z !y did4 ,t ?is pleasure 0 ( a bad k9d1 or deceptive1 ! sequel %[s1 b x may be d\bt$ :e!r _! r5d]+ pres]v$ ! mean+ ( 1 ev5 if1 :i* is n impossible1 !y !mselves und]/ood x74 ,until ,i %\ld see :]e 79 ! s5se ( :]eab\ts1 see #a ,samuel ix4 #h7 is ?is good to ! sons ( ,adam1 :i* 7full relative1 ref]r+ back to ! :ole idea1 equival5t !re=e to #8:at good x is :i*'7 !y d "u ! sun ! numb] ( ! days ( _! lives 7?is phrase occurs *apt] ii4 #c1 v4 #ah 7#ag71 vi4 #ab1 z #8! tale1' or #8acc\nt ( ! days1' ( _! lives2 an additional limitation to ! words #8"u ! sun'74 ,9 mak+ ?is exp]im5t he began to "w & toil m ?an ev]4 #d ,i made me great works2 ,i ,i increas$ my works4 build$ me h\ses2 ,i plant$ me v9ey>ds3 7#a47 ,i built = myself h\ses4 7#b47 ,i plant$ = myself v9ey>ds4 7#d47 ,i increas$ my "w1 ,i built = myself 7?is emphatic #8myself' occurs eight times 9 ! passage1 & is !re=e its key-^w7 h\ses1 ,i plant$ = myself v9ey>ds4 #e ,i made me g>d5s & 7#c47 ,i made = myself or*>ds1 & ,i plant$ trees g>d5s & p>ks1 & plant$ 9 !m ( all k9d ( 9 !m fruit-trees ( e fruits3 k9d4 7#e47 ,i made = myself g>d5s & p>ks1 & plant$ 9 !m trees ( e k9d ( fruit4 ,x %\ld h be5 m5tion$ t is also consid]$ to af=d an indication ( late composition4 ,x is said to be a ,p]sian ^w2 x occurs1 h[ev]1 ,nehemiah ii4 #h2 ,canticles iv4 #aj4 ,! ^w admits ( ,semitic d]ivation1 f 1 #8to divide1' #8cut (f 9 portions1' #8lay out4' ,if x be really an exotic1 no date ( introduction is m probable ?an t ( ,solomon4 ,x is also to be not$ t 9 ! context x foll[s ! ^w #8g>d5s1' :i* is q natural if x 7 int5d$ to d5ote a =eign luxury rec5tly introduc$4 #f ,i made me pools ( wat]1 7#d47 ,i made = myself to wat] !re) ! wood res]voirs ) :i* to t br+e? =? trees3 irrigate mead[s & gr[+ copses4 7#f47 ,i made = myself pools ( wat] to irrigate f !m ! mead[s %oot+ =? trees4 7,?is1 :i* conta9s #8= myself' f\r times1 ! fir/ half ( ! sev51 consi/s ( an enum]ation ( immoveable objects1 or :at ! law calls real prop]ty1 ! o!rs :i* foll[ are moveables or p]sonal47 #g ,i got me s]vants & 7#e47 ,i pur*as$ slaves & maid5s1 & _h s]vants maid5s1 & _h = myself born 9 my h\se2 also ,i _h home-born s]vants1 besides great possessions ( great & h]ds ( great & small small cattle above all t cattle1 m num]\s ?an 7 9 ,j]usalem be=e me3 any ( my pr$ecessors 9 ,j]usalem4 ,hebrew sons ( my h\se4 7#g47 ,i obta9$ slaves & maid5s1 & sons ( my h\se 7home-born slaves1 t is7 7 belong+ to myself1 besides possessions ( h]d & flock2 _m su* 7 belong+ to myself2 m ?an all :o 7 be=e me 9 ,j]usalem4 #h ,i ga!r$ me also silv] 7#f47 ,i procur$ = myself & gold1 & ! peculi> silv] & gold & preci\s treasure ( k+s & ( objects ( e k+dom & ! prov9ces3 ,i gat me prov9ce4 m5-s+]s & wom5-s+]s1 & ! delights ( ! sons 7#g47 ,i obta9$ = myself ( m51 z musical m5-s+]s & wom5-s+]s1 in/rum5ts1 & t ( all e delight t man c sorts4 enjoy1 to ! v ec/asy ( ravi%m5t4 ,hebrew musical in/rum5ts & in/rum5ts4 7#h47 ,i ga!r$ = myself1 moreov]1 silv] & gold1 & ! peculi> treasure ( k+s & ! prov9ces4 ,i made = myself 7i4e4 procur$7 m5-s+]s & wom5-s+]s1 ! delights ( ! sons ( m51 outp\r+ & outp\r]s4 7,! diff]5t mean+s giv5 to ^! two la/ words1 1 :i* occur "h only1 are v>i\s1 sc>cely a comm5t>y or v]sion agree+4 ,! ,,lxx4 translate a #8butl]' & #8female cup-be>]s1' ! ,vulgate #8pit*]s & vases1' ,g9sburg #8a concub9e & concub9es'2 b ! mo/ probable etymology seems to give ! idea ( #8ov]fl[+' to ! ^w 9 "s s5se or o!r4 ,x is possible !n to take ! words g5]ally1 & int]pret !m z ref]r+ to ! ov]fl[1 n only ( ! g5]\s w9es1 b ( all ! delights ( :i* w9e is a type1 z 9 ! words #8,! fea/ ( reason & ! fl[ ( s\l1' or l ,milton's #8,did ev] mortal mixture ( e>?'s m\ld ,brea! su* div9e en*ant+ ravi%m5t8' ,! arrangem5t ( ^! diff]5t objects ( pleasure is some:at artificial1 z w be se5 on exam9+ ! gr\p+47 #i ,s ,i 0 great1 & ,s ,i 0 great & increas$ increas$ m ?an all t m ?an all t 7 ev] 7 be=e me 9 ,j]usalem3 be=e me 9 ,j]usalem1 yet also my wisdom rema9$ ) not)/&+ my wisdom me4 rema9$ fa/ ) myself1 7#i47 ,& ,i 0 great 7rightly ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 #8s1' ref]r+ back to v]se #d7 & increas$ m ?an all 7all n[ becomes ! key-^w1 :i* occurs sev5 times7 :i* 0 7s+ul>1 giv+ ! s5se ?an #8any 0'7 be=e me 9 ,j]usalem2 also 71 affirms /rongly1 see ,job iv4 #ai1 #8b beside1' = )\t ?is provision ( a wise enjoym5t ! exp]im5t 0 necess>ily a failure37 my wisdom rema9$ 7i4e4 /ood2 x is usual to say t is fem99e to agree ) 2 p]haps x w\ld be equally correct to say t x 0 an in/ance ( two ab/ract ideas 9 apposition1 giv+ ! s5se #80 /ill a ?+ /&+'7 ) myself 7emphatic1 & ! eigh? repetition ( ?is ^w74 #aj ,& :atsoev] m9e eyes & all my eyes desir$ ,i desir$ ,i kept n f !m1 kept n f !m1 nor did ,i ,i )held n my he>t f d5y my he>t ev5 "o ( all any joy2 = my he>t rejoic$ its joys3 = ?is he>t ( 9 all my lab\r3 & ?is 0 m9e did rejoice 9 my toils1 my portion ( all my lab\r4 & ?is 0 :at ,i procur$ = all my toil4 7#aj47 ,& all :i* ask$ m9e eyes ,i did n re/ra9 7or keep back2 see ,g5esis xxvii4 #cf1 ,numb]s xi4 #ag1 = ! mean+1 ! only o!r in/ances :]e x occurs 9 ,kal47 f !m 7emphatic71 ,i did n d5y my he>t f all rejoic+1 = my he>t rejoic$ f all my toil 7i4e4 !re 0 a c]ta9 k9d ( pleasure d]iv$ f do+ all ?is71 & ?is 0 my portion 7#8lot' or #8inh]itance' f all my toil2 equal to our #8?is 0 all ,i obta9$ = my pa9s'74 #aa ,!n ,i look$ on all ,s ,i turn$ to look on all ! works t my h&s _h my "w my h& _h wr\ght1 wr\ght1 & on ! lab\r & all my toil :i* ,i t ,i _h lab\r$ to d3 _h moil$ & done1 & lo6 &1 behold1 all 0 vanity t ,,all 0evanesc5t1 & & vexation ( _s1 & vexation ( _s1 & no?+ !re 0 no pr(it "u ( pr(it 9 ?is hot "w-day ! sun4 _w4 7#aa47 ,i turn$ myself 7 diff]s f 2 ! =m] is #8to turn r\nd 9 ord] to look1' ! latt] is to #8g r\nd 9 ord] to d4' ,! di/9ction is n )\t importance7 9 all my works :i* work$ my h&s1 & 9 my toil :i* ,i _h toil$ to "w 7notice ! occurr5ce ( ^! words"w1 "w1 toil1 toil71 & behold 7a manife/ & indisputable conclusion7 ! :ole 0 vanity & vexation ( _s1 & !re 0 no?+ ( pr(it 7i4e4 ov] & above ! slight am\nt ( pres5t pleasure :i* he obta9$7 "u ! sun4 7,x is especially wor?y ( rem>k t :ile ,kohele? f\nd "s small pleasure 9 "w1 he f\nd none f x4 ,take1 oh m51 to y\r curse k9dly1 b a curse x is67 #ab ,& ,i turn$ myself to ,!n ,i turn$ myself aga9 behold wisdom1 & madness1 to p]ceive wisdom 9 reg>d & folly3 = :at c ! to its p[] ( detect+ man d t come? aft] ! false hopes & false k+8 ev5 t :i* ha? prud5ce1 = h[ is any man be5 already done4 to ent] ^u ! results ( t plan :i* he may h ,or1 9 ^? ?+s made be=eh&8 :i* h be5 already done4 7#ab47 ,& ,i turn$ 7?is com+ imm$iately aft] a simil> expression1 v]se #aa1 rises into emphasis2 x equals our #8aga9 ,i turn$'71 ,i myself 7emphatic1 x 01 z above1 a p]sonal exp]i5ce71 to see wisdom & self-deceptions & also false successes 7! mean+ ( ?is passage mo/ probably is1 t ,kohele? desir$ to see wisdom 9 conjunction ) ^? two k9ds ( folly :i* he d5otes respectively by 1 false expectations or hopes1 see *apt] i4 #ag1 & 1 false wisdom1 t k9d ( folly :i* is s ei!r ?r\gh ignorance or s91 b has to all appe>ance ! semblance ( wisdom1 see *apt] ii4 #c4 ,if he c\ld succe$ 9 accompli%+ ?is1 he might by 8 wisdom avoid ! mi/akes into :i* m5 fall74 ,= 7?is mu/ introduce a reason7 :at8 7,g5esis xx4 #aj1 1 ,g5esis iv4 #aj1 1 bo? =ms be+ simil> 9 use7 is ! man 7) ! article2 g5]ic !re=e1 & equival5t to #8:at is ! man8'7 :o ent]s 7b z ?is is ! contract$ relative1 x is equival5t to #8t he %\ld ent]'7 aft] 7b ! ^w is /rictly speak+ a n\n plural 9 regim51 & means #8t :i* comes aft]1' #8! sequel ('7 ! k+ 7?is ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 1 ! reasons ( :i* we w discuss pres5tly74 ,) respect to :i* 7= ! is emphatic1 h5ce "s ( ! rec5sions ( ! ,,lxx4 read 7 ! pres5t 7! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 9 its usual mean+1 :i* x has ev]y:]e 9 ,ecclesia/es1 see *apt] i4 #aj7 !y make x 1 ?ird p]son plural ) ! affix1 :i* ! ,,lxx4 ref] back to 4 ,! mean+ ( ?is passage has be5 mu* disput$1 & our difficulties are n dim9i%$ by ! v /range r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx41 :i* is usually dismiss$ by comm5tators z errone\s2 an explanation1 h[ev]1 ( ?is r5d]+ w probably cle> up ! difficulty4 ,we mu/ fir/ notice ! corrupt /ate ( ! pres5t text ( ! ,,lxx4 ,! ,alex&r9e reads 2 ,e4 ,x4 read 2 ,f4 ,x4 2 ,b4 ,x4 2 & ,x4 2 ,aquila reads 2 ,symma*us1 2 ,!odotion1 2 b1 z ,field rem>ks 7,hexapla1 p4 #chd71 x is d\btful :e!r ! ,syriac text reads 7 ,syriac ^w71 #8k+1' or 7 ,syriac ^w71 #8c\nsel4' ,9 ! same way1 ,!odotion reads 4 ,we mu/ obs]ve t all ^! v]sions1 )\t exception1 omit to notice 1 :i* ev]y:]e else is not$ by 1 be+ cont5t ) or 4 ,! explanation ( ^! difficulties seems to be t 0 probably int5d$ to be equivocal4 ,x is1 to say ! lea/1 n impossible t x _h1 ev5 9 ,solomon's "t1 ! mean+ ( #8c\nsel1' :i* atta*es to x z a usual signification 9 ,aramaic2 if s1 means ! c\nsel1 & ( c\rse has ! idea ( rule z well4 ,ca/ell gives z ! mean+ ( 7 ,syriac ^w71 #8,intellectum1 ,consilium d$it1' vel #8inivit1' #8,consultavit1' #8,promisit1' #8,pollicitus e/2' ?us we mu/ und]/& x to mean1 #8plans =m$ & int5d$ to be c>ri$ out4' ,! "q !n :i* ,kohele? asks is ?is1 #8,:o is ! man :o w ent] ^uz we say1 c>ry out8 plans ) respect to t :i* 9 ! pres5t mom5t he makes !m or devises !m2' 9 o!r words1 c he c>ry out :at he n[ devises1 & c any man d ?is out ( ! numb] ( human creatures :o make ^! plans8 ,?is is ! reason ( ! di/ributive plural :i* ! be/ rec5sions ( ! ,,lxx4 pres]ve4 ,! equivoke involv$ 9 ! mean+ #8k+' is obvi\s4 ,kohele? himself is1 ( c\rse1 ! k+3 c\ld any "o d bett] ?an he8 ,x mu/ be all[$ t ?is mean+ makes excell5t s5se ) ! context1 & violates no ,hebrew gramm>4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,i h fail$ 9 giv+ a real int]pretation ( ?is mo/ difficult passage1 ,i may be excus$ a conjecture :i* is z plausible z _m t h be5 advanc$ on ?is po9t4 ,! corruptions ( ! old v]sions may be expla9$ by ! fact t ! equivoke 0 lo/ s soon z read]s ceas$ to h ! ,hebrew text be=e !m1 & h5ce ! attempt to bett] _! text4 ,?is mo/ obscure passage may p]haps receive "s light f a fur!r discussion ( ! ^w & o!r =ms d]iv$ f ! same root4 ,! fem99e or ab/ract occurs ,g5esis xxxv4 #af1 xlviii4 #g1 & #b ,k+s v4 #ai1 jo9$ ) 1 r5d]$ 9 ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion a #8little' way4 ,! v]b occurs 9 hiphil1 ,job xxxv4 #af1 xxxvi4 #ca1 translat$ #8multipli$1' #89 abundance2' & 9 ! hiphil =m1 ) ! *>act]i/ic jud ins]t$,job viii4 #b1 xv4 #aj1 etc42 ,isaiah x4 #ac1 xvii4 #ab1 etc49 ! s5se ( #8full ( ye>s1' #8ov]fl[+1' & ! l4 ,a dilig5t comp>ison ( ^! mean+s %[s t #8fulness1' 9 ! s5se ( #8complet5ess1' mu/ be ! root-mean+2 & h5ce1 :5 appli$ to "t1 ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 #8already4' ,) ?is mean+ agree also ! ,arabic & ,syriac1 see ,fu]/1 ,lexicon1 s4 voc4 ,! mean+ !n ( ! ^w is1 ! #8complete pres5t4' ,) reg>d to ! use ( ! root 9 ! s5se ( c\nsel1 x occurs once 9 ,hebrew1 viz4 ,nehemiah v4 #g1 & once 9 biblical ,*aldee1 ,daniel iv4 #bg 7#bd74 ,?is mean+ is common1 z rem>k$ 9 ! note1 9 ,aramaic4 ,! fair inf]5ce f ?is is1 t ! root-mean+ ( ! ,hebrew ^w is #8to c\nsel1' j z ! root-mean+ ( ! ^w ,apo/le is #8"o s5t4' ,^! s5ses are j :at ! context requires4 ,kohele? turns r\nd to see wisdom 9 comp>ison )1 or contradi/9ction to1 false hopes & false prud5ce1 & asks h[ ! man1 t is1 humanity1 c tell ! "o f ! o!r4 ,8 words are #8:at is1' n #8:o is ! man1' etc41 equival5t to#89 :at way c humanity ent] ^u ! results ( ! c\nsel1' #8or ! k+1'! equivoke be+1 we believe1 int5tional1 & ! contract$ relative giv+ a conditional turn to ! s5t5ce#8) respect to t :i* at pres5t he p]=ms x4' ,x w\ld h be5 bett] if ! ^w ) _h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! notes ) a small lett]1 z ! division h>dly am\nts to a p]iod1 ?\gh ! connexion is n close4 ,! suffix ( ! v]b ref]s back ?r\gh ! relative pron\n to c\nsel1 & might be well r5d]$ into ,engli% ?us#8,9 respect ( :i* he at pres5t takes t c\nsel4' ,! ,,lxx41 contr>y to _! cu/om1 omit 1 because x is p]haps suffici5tly includ$ 9 1 or because w\ld n h be5 intelligible4 ,x is evid5t ?is all squ>es ) ! context4 ,kohele?1 z ,solomon1 discov]$ t ) all 8 wisdom he c\ld n practically disc]n ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is true wisdom & t false prud5ce :i* l$ him to accumulate only to be disappo9t$ 9 8 successor4 #ac ,!n ,i saw t wisdom ,n[1 ,i h myself p]ceiv$ excelle? folly1 z f> z t !re mu/ be a pr(it to light excelle? d>kness4 wisdom ov] false prud5ce z great z ! pr(it ( light ,hebrew t !re is an ov] d>kness4 excell5cy 9 wisdom m ?an 9 folly1 etc4 7#ac47 ,& ,i h se51 ,i h 7) ! emphatic ,i aga91 z a p]sonal exp]i5ce7 t !re is 7i4e4 t !re really is71 a pr(it to wisdom above folly 7^! same elaborate mi/akes :i* look s l wisdom7 z ! pr(it ( ! light above ! d>kness4 7,"h pr(it is repeat$1 h5ce ! mean+ is #8z great z ! pr(it ( light above d>kness4'7 ,! wise1 8 eyes are 9 8 head1 b ! fool 7i4e4 ! #8deceiv$ fool'notice ! hiphil =mequival5t to ! befool$1 b n necess>ily by o!rsby himself also7 9 d>kness walks 7h5ce a wise man ought to be z mu* bett] (f ?an a fool z a sight$ man is bett] ?an "o bl9d1 b exp]i5ce does n confirm ?is conclusion72 & ,i "k also1 ,i 7emphatic71 t ! hap 7i4e4 ! result or :at occurs7 is "o happ5+ 7pres5t "h z oppos$ to p>ticipial n\n7 to all ( !m 7i4e4 bo? wise & fools alikeequival5t 9 our idiom1 #8precisely ! same result occurs to all'74 #ad ,! wise man's eyes are ,! wise has eyes 9 8 head1 9 8 head2 b ! fool ! befool$ is w&]+ 9 walke? 9 d>kness3 & ,i ! d>k2 yet ,i "k1 z ! myself p]ceiv$ also t "o result ( my own exp]i5ce1 ev5t happ5e? to !m all4 t ! ev5t to :i* bo? atta9 is j alike1 s ,i #ae ,!n said ,i 9 my he>t1 reason$ ) myself ?us3 ,z x happ5e? to ! fool1 ,exactly ! same ev5t z s x happ5e? ev5 to me2 happ5s to "o befool$ has & :y 0 ,i !n m wise8 happ5$ to me1 & !re=e ,!n ,i said 9 my he>t1 t :y %\ld ,i make myself wise8 ?is also is vanity4 ,!n besides6 ,:y1 ,i said 9 my he>t1 ev5 ?is is an in/ance ,hebrew happ5e? to me1 ( evanesc5ce1 ev5 to me4 7#ad1 #ae47 ,& ,i said1 ,i did1 9 my he>t 7x 0 n a "r ?+ to say1 b1 z we h already notic$1 ?is =mula introduces a sugge/ion m speci\s ?an true71 ,l ! hap ( ! befool$1 s h ,i happ5$ me 7i4e4 made my own hap or result71 & :y did ,i make myself wise !n 9 addition8 7,! ,masorets acc5t s z to make ?is ! ma9 division ( ! v]se1 & consid] ^! ?ree la/ words to belong to :at prec$es4 ,! ,,lxx41 on ! contr>y:i* adds a gloss aft] 7 71 #8= ! fool speake? abundantly1' :i* is an anci5t "o1 = ! ,syriac has x also1 & v>ies mu* 9 its diff]5t rec5sionsconsid]s !m to belong to ! foll[+ v]se4 ,x is difficult on ?is acc\nt to come to a conclusion :i* is correct1 ! ,,lxx4 or ! ,masorets2 ! m t ! ,masorets !mselves hesitate betwe5 & 4 ,on ! :ole1 "o w\ld incl9e to ! foll[+ explanation3take 9 its ord9>y acceptation1 #8! re/1' ! mean+ w\ld ?us be #8!n ! re/1' or #8:at results is2' & suppose ! po9t+ 1 a conjecture subsequ5tly /r5g!n$ by writ+ 72 & ,i said 7x 0 possibly ?is difficult 1 #8&1' :i* gave rise to ! ,masoretic conjecture! ,,lxx4 take no notice ( x2 x is equival5t to #8:y ,i said'7 t ?is 7! contract$ relative ) occurs only *apt] i4 #ag1 ii4 #ae1 viii4 #ad1 & has a tone ( surprise & disappo9tm5t1 giv+ ! s5se app>5tly t #8ev5 ?is wisdom itself6 is'7 a vanity 7or an in/ance ( evanesc5ce or transitor9ess74 #af ,= !re is no because !re is no remembrance remembrance ( ! wise m ( ! wise or ! befool$ ?an ( ! fool = ev]2 ei!r1 9 ! future2 because see+ t :i* n[ is 9 z "t goes on ! pres5t ! days to come %all all be w be =gott51 & fool & =gott54 ,& h[ die? ! wise w p]i% alike toge!r4 wise man8 z ! fool4 7#af47 ,= 7an expansion ( ! above argum5t1 & a corroboration ( ! conclusion7 !re is no?+ ( remembrance to a wise 7p]son or ?+ indef9itely7 ) ! fool 7b ! hiphil =m is to be not$1 z also ! article1 ! befool$1 g5]ically1 = a wise action p]i%es f remembrance amid/ ! class ( fools7 to ! age 7i4e4 s f> z ! indef9ite future is conc]n$7 by :i* pres5t 7i4e4 9 ! pres5t ( t future age or on x w s happ5 t7 dur+ ! days1 ! go+ ones 7mean+1 ( c\rse1 ! days z !y are pass+1 or1 z we say1 #89 ! lapse ( "t'7 ! :ole 7! :ole ( ^! wise lives & works7 is =gott5 7niphal1 #8becomes a =gott5 ?+'7 & h[ !n dies ! wise8 ) ! fool 7i4e4 bo? p]i% toge!r74 #ag ,!re=e ,i hat$ life2 ,i 0 ev5 disgu/$ ) because ! "w t is respect to life itself3 = wr\ght "u ! sun is an evil to me is ! "w griev\s unto me3 = all is at :i* ,i toil 9 ?is hot vanity & vexation ( _s4 "w-day _w1 s9ce ! :ole is evanesc5t1 & vexation ( _s4 7#ag47 ,!n hat$ ,i1 ) respect to ! lives 7an emphatic 1 :i* ! ,,lxx4 note by ! adv]bial 1 & mean+ n exactly t he hat$ 8 own life1 z t he felt a disgu/ ) respect to life g5]ally71 because an evil to me 7emphatic ) 1 giv+ ! notion ( press+ ^u7 ! "w :i* ,i work$ "u ! sun1 because 7 foll[+ 9 a s5t5ce ) at ! comm5cem5t2 ?is p>ticle ?us d\bl$ ,i believe to be (t5 ne>ly equival5t to our #8=1' #8z1'7 ! :ole is vanity & vexation ( _s4 #ah ,yea1 ,i hat$ all my ,i = my "p 0 disgu/$ lab\r :i* ,i _h tak5 "u ) all my toil t ,i _h ! sun3 because ,i %\ld moil$ at x1 9 ?is "w-day leave x unto ! man t _w1 because ,i %all leave x %all be aft] me4 to ! man t succe$s me1 7#ah47 ,i hat$ !n1 ,i myself 7emphatic pron\n1 because aga9 we h ,kohele?'s p]sonal exp]i5ce1 z we %\ld say1 #8,i 0 disgu/$'71 ) respect to all my toil :i* ,i 7aga9 /rongly p]sonal1 mean+ s f> z x 0 my toil7 _h toil$ at "u ! sun t ,i %\ld leave x 7close relative qualify+ ! v]b1 & giv+ ! idea t ! grievance 0 t he w\ld h to leave ?is "w7 to a man 7i4e4 "s man z a human p]son7 :i* w be aft] me4 #ai ,& :o kn[e? :e!r & no "o kn[s :e!r he he %all be a wise man or a w be wise or fooli%ly fool8 yet %all he h rule clev]1 & yet he w h ov] all my lab\r :]e9 ,i p[] ov] all my toil at :i* h lab\r$1 & :]e9 ,i ,i h moil$1 & done s h %ew$ myself wise "u wisely 9 ?is hot "w-day ! sun4 ,?is is also vanity4 _w3 ano!r in/ance ?is ( evanesc5ce4 7#ai47 ,& :o kn[s 7equival5t to #8no-body does "k'7 :e!r ! wise 7) ! article1 mean+ "o :o belongs to ?is class1 & :o w really act wisely7 or a fool8 7t is1 a wisely-fooli% p]son1 "o ^: wisdom w prove a mi/ake accord+ to ! mean+ ( ?is ^w1 see *apt] ii4 #c1 ref]5ces42 & w use ?is p[] provid$ to 8 h& ei!r amiss1 or s z to defeat ! end ! wise man _h 9 view7 & he has p[] 71 a fav\rite ^w ( ,kohele?'s2 ! exact mean+ ( ?is t]m may be f\nd 9 ,psalm cxix4 #acj7 9 all my toil :i* ,i h toil$ at1 & :i* also ,i h made myself wise 9 7i4e4 sp5t my pa9s wisely 97 "u ! sun3 besides ?is is vanity 7or1 z we %\ld say1 #8moreov] ?is is ano!r in/ance ( vanity or evanesc5ce'74 #bj ,!re=e ,i w5t ab\t to ,s !n ,i came r\nd to ! cause my he>t to despair ( conclusion t ,i mu/ bid all ! lab\r :i* ,i took f>ewell to any hope ( "u ! sun4 satisfaction f any?+ ,i _h toil$ at 9 ?is "w-day _w2 7#bj47 ,i turn$ r\nd !n1 ,i myself1 to cause to despair ) respect to my he>t 71 occurs #a ,samuel xxvii4 #a1 :]e ! ^w is us$ ( ,saul giv+ up ! se>* = ,david 9 despair7 ov] ! toil :i* ,i toil$ at "u ! sun4 #ba ,= !re is a man ^: because x am\nts to ?is3 lab\r is 9 wisdom1 & man1 ev5 :5 he toils wisely1 9 k1 & 9 equity2 prud5tly1 & successfully1 yet to a man t ha? n does s = "s individual lab\r$ !re9 %all he :o has n toil$ at all1 & leave x = 8 portion4 gives x to him to possess3 an ,?is also is vanity & a in/ance ( evanesc5ce1 & great evil4 v evil4 7#ba47 ,= x is 7?is exi/s z ! real /ate ( ! case7 man 7i4e4 "o specim5 ( humanity?is is :at humanity is really do+7 :i* he toils 7 :o is1 or may be1 lab\r+7 ) wisdom1 & ) k1 & ) success 71 occurs *apt] ii4 #ba1 iv4 #d1 v4 #aa1 ! root occurs ,e/h] viii4 #e1 *apt] xi4 #f1 x4 #aj2 x is a te*nical ^wa #8successful issue' is ! mean+2 comp>e ! passages4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 1 #8brav]y1' :i* is n a bad r5d]+1 s9ce x appe>s f ! above t ?is success 0 b tempor>y71 & to a man :o has n 7emphatic2 ! contract$ relative jo9$ ) ! negative %[s t 8 n do+ ?is is ! po9t7 toil$ 7i4e4 tak5 any tr\ble7 9 x 7emphatic1 #89 t same'7 he w give x z 8 portion2 also ?is is a vanity & an evil :i* is great4 7,!re is a /range s>ca/ic tone giv5 by ! affix 9 ! v]b foll[+ ! emphatic pron\n1 #8to "o :o has n toil$ 9 x at all w he give t same4'7 #bb ,= :at ha? man ( ,= :at comes to a man ?r\gh all 8 lab\r1 & ( ! all 8 toil & vex+ 8 vexation ( 8 he>t1 :]e9 he>t1 :i* he himself toils he ha? lab\r$ "u ! at )9 ?is "w-day _w8 sun8 7#bb47 ,= :at is !re 71 a peculi> =m2 b is x n possible t ?is ^w has be5 *os5 = ! sake ( ! equivoke8 1 #8calamity1' #8p]v]s5ess1' ,job vi4 #b1 ,micah vii4 #c1 & :i* makes mo/ pung5t & admirable s5se7 to a man 9 all 8 toil1 & 9 vex+ 71 n 2 comp>e *apt] i4 #ah7 8 he>t :i* he himself toils at "u ! sun8 #bc ,= all 8 days are ,:y1 e day he sp5ds is a sorr[s1 & 8 travail tr\ble1 & disappo9tm5t ! grief2 yea1 8 he>t take? result ( 8 anxiety1 s t n re/ 9 ! night4 ,?is is ev5 at night 8 he>t gets also vanity4 no re/4 ,s !n ?is is an in/ance ( evanesc5ce itself4 7#bc47 ,= 7z is repeat$1 x becomes emphatic1 #8= n['7 all 8 days are caus+ him pa9 7or pa9fulnotice ! =ce ( ! 7 & disappo9tm5t 8 anxiety1 7a pregnant s5t5ce1 d5ot+ m ?an 8 anxiety disappo9ts1 8 anxiety is always pa9ful & useless too7 also at night does n re/ 7?is clause is an additional pro( t we h correctly det]m9$ ! mean+ ( 2 x is anxiety :i* causes wakefulness7 ev5 8 he>t4 ,moreov] ?is a vanity x is 7emphatic2 s ! mean+ is1 #8?is !n is inde$ an in/ance ( evanesc5ce'74 80 replac$ ) 80 #bd ,!re is no?+ ,!re is no real good !n to bett] = a man1 ?an t man 9 eat+ or dr9k+1 or he %\ld eat & dr9k1 & 9 suppos+ he w satisfy t he %\ld make 8 s\l himself ) 8 toil4 ,moreov]1 enjoy good 9 8 lab\r4 ,?is ,i mu/ make ?is obs]vation1 also ,i saw1 t x 0 f t ^! ?+s are all 9 ! h& ( ,god4 ! h& ( ! ,almighty1 7#bd47 ,! conclusion ( ?is argum5t n[ foll[s1 viz43,?is toil is useless1 & ! reason+ is set out at l5g?4 ,!re is no?+ ( a good 7n "h1 b 1 ! =m] w\ld be requir$ if ! mean+ 7 #8x is n good t'7 9 a man 7i4e4 z an in/ance ( humanity1 & ! :ole is equival5t to #8,x is n to humanity real good t'7 t he %\ld eat & dr9k1 & %[ 8 s\l 7i4e4 himself7 good 7repeat$1 #8t good'7 9 8 toil4 ,moreov] ?is 7po9t$ 1 fem99e or neut]1 :i* ! ,,lxx4 confirm1 7 h ,i se51 ev5 ,i1 n[ f ! h& 7b #8!' is n emphatic at all1 :i* w\ld h requir$ a diff]5t con/ruction7 ( ! ,deity 7on ! contr>y1 #8!' is emphatic "h1 &1 z w appe>1 ! use ( ! article is significant7 x is 7emphatic74 #be ,= :o c eat1 or :o = :o c\ld eat or ev5 dr9k else c ha/5 h]eunto1 ap>t f ,him8 m ?an ,i8 7#be47 ,= 7repeat$7 :o eats or :o ev5 dr9ks 7because dr9k+ is possible :5 eat+ is n7 ap>t f him8 7= we read ) ! ,,lxx4 1 = cle>ly ?is makes good s5se1 & pres]ves ! real mean+ ( 1 :i* has ! signification ( #8)\t1' #8on ! outside1' ,g5esis vi4 #ad1 ,deut]onomy xxv4 #e1 ref]5ces47 ,! phrase requires fur!r elucidation4 ,! read+ 1 support$ by ! ,,lxx41 is also confirm$ by ,hebrew ,,mss4 ,! lit]al r5d]+ is#8& :o ha/5s outside him4' ,?is ! ,,lxx4 translate 1 #8:o dr9ks1' etc4 ,!re is a read+ ( ,a1 1 #8sp>es4' ,! =m] is support$ by ,pe%ito1 ,arabic1 & ,!odotion! latt] by ,aquila1 ,symma*us1 & ,j]ome4 ,if ! ,greek text alone _h to be consid]$1 w\ld1 z ! h>d] read+1 be entitl$ to ! pref]5ce4 ,x is readily se51 h[ev]1 t x arose f a conjectural alt]ation ( ! ,hebrew text into 1 = :i* !re is no au?ority2 nei!r w ! mean+ to #8sp>e' make any s5se 9 ! context4 ,z ! root occurs frequ5tly1 we are driv5 to ! conclusion t ! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 0 by design4 ,s*leusn]'s conjecture t is us$ 9 ! signification ( #8s5sibus frui1' is no d\bt correctcomp>e ,habakkuk i4 #h1 z also ,isaiah xxviii4 #af4 ,consid]$ z ad s5sum1 ?is r5d]+ gives ! idea ( ! ,hebrew text correctly4 #bf ,= ,god give? to a man & s to man j z is "r t is good 9 8 sight 9 ,8 sight ,he gives wisdom wisdom1 & k1 & & k & gladness1 b joy3 b to ! s9n] he to ! transgressor ,he gives give? travail1 to ga!r & ! anxiety ( accumulat+ to heap up1 t he may give & collect+ :at is to be to him t is good be=e grant$ to any1 z also is good ,god4 ,?is also is vanity & 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,s ?is is vexation ( _s4 ano!r in/ance ( evanesc5ce & vexation ( _s4 7#bf47 ,= 7repeat$ aga91 s t ?is ^w becomes emphatic & prom95t4 ,accord+ly f\r reasons foll[1 compris+ z x 7 ! :ole cycle ( ! argum5t7 to a man 7/ill g5]ic1 z a specim5 ( ! human race7 :i* is good be=e him 7n altoge!r ) ! mean+ #8a good man1' b z #8,god ?9ks good'7 ,he gives wisdom1 & k1 & joy2 b to ! s9n] 7i4e4 ! err+ s9n]7 he gives1 on ! o!r h&1 anxi\s-travail to collect & to ga!r 71 occurs *apt] ii4 #h1 #bf1 iii4 #e2 ! mean+ is #8to collect piece by piece2' see also ,psalm xxxiii4 #g1 #a ,*ronicles xxii4 #b71 to give x to ! good 9 ! sight ( ,god 7i4e4 z ,god sees fit x %\ld be giv572 s ?is also is vanity & vexation ( _s4 80 replac$ ) 80 ,?us1 !n1 ! fir/ "p ( ! argum5t is complet$4 ,man obta9s no?+ by 8 lab\r4 ,x is ! gift ( a my/]i\s & inscrutable ,provid5ce :i* alone conf]s any happ9ess or gratification4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,iii4 ,at ?is po9t ,kohele? comm5ces ano!r l9e ( argum5t2 he notices t all ?+s proce$ accord+ to a fix$ & settl$ ord] ( provid5ce4 ,?is tru? he br+s into great prom95ce by in/anc+ eight-&-tw5tya f\rfold sev5diff]5t times or seasons exi/+ 9 human life4 ,f ?is he d$uces ! conclusion1 t z x is impossible to alt] ! ord] ( ,provid5ce1 ! toil ( man is useless to effect any real good1 s f> z ?is _w is conc]n$4 ,! way 9 :i* ?is ?\ght is work$ out is peculi>4 ,kohele? is bo? s>ca/ic & p>adoxical 9 8 argum5ts2 b 8 s>casms are nev] ill-natur$ & 8 p>adoxes promote ?\ght4 ,he also enliv5s 8 subject ) a consid]able numb] ( plays ^u words1 & /rik+ & pregnant aphorisms4 ,,section ,,iii4,fur!r demon/ration ( ! vanity ( human lab\r f consid]ations t\*+ ,provid5ce & ,morals4 ,,to e ?+ !re is ,,to ev]y?+ is !re a a season1 & a "t to e det]m9$ p]iod1 & a "t purpose "u ! heav53 = e provid5ce "u heav54 7#a47 ,to all 7human life1 t is7 is a season 71 ?is ^w occurs "h & ,nehemiah ii4 #f1 ,e/h] xi4 #bg1 #ca1 only1 & ! p>ticiple pa/ ( ! v]b ,ezra x4 #ad1 ,nehemiah x4 #cd 7#ce7 #ac1 #ba2 x w be se5 by an exam9ation ( passages t ?is ^w diff]s f 1 :i* bo? ,ezra & ,nehemiah also use1 & :i* is ! common ^w 9 ! old] books = #8a sacr$ season' or #8fea/4' is a #8settl$ "t1' #8a date4' ,fu]/ consid]s ! prim>y idea ( ! root is #8to c\nt4' ,x is cle> t w\ld n h suit$ ?is context2 ?is ( c\rse s f> weak5s any argum5t = ! late date ( ?is "w z d]iv$ f ! use ( ?is ^w71 & a "t 7g5]al1 ! common ^w7 to all 7repeat$1 & !re=e emphatic1 equal #8t is to all'7 provid5ces 71 :i*1 h[ev]1 has ! signification desire z well1 #8a satisfactory und]tak+ !re=e2' ,kohele? uses ! ^w te*nically ) a ref]5ce to ! div9e provid5ces ( ,god4 ,! ^w occurs *apt] iii4 #a1 #ag1 v4 #d 7#c71 #h 7#g71 viii4 #f1 xii4 #a1 #aj4 ,! ,,lxx4 "h r5d] 1 b *apt] xii4 7 "u ! heav5s 7?is mean+ ( may acc\nt = "o use ( ?is phrase "h in/ead ( ! m usual #8"u ! sun1'heav5 be+ p]haps employ$ z we sometimes use x1 = ,god's provid5ce "u heav574 #b ,a "t to be born1 & a 7#a47 ,a "t to be born1 & "t to die2 a "t to plant1 a "t to die2 & a "t to pluck up t :i* is plant$2 7#b47 ,a "t to plant1 & a "t to root up t :i* is ,hebrew to be>4 plant$2 7#b47 ,a "t to be born1 & a "t to die2 a "t to plant1 & a "t to pluck up ! plant$4 #c ,a "t to kill1 & a "t 7#c47 ,a "t to slay1 & a to heal2 a "t to break d[n1 "t to heal2 & a "t to build up2 7#d47 ,a "t to break walls1 & a "t to build !m up2 7#c47 ,a "t = slay+1 & a "t = heal+2 a "t = break+ d[n1 & a "t = build+ up4 #d ,a "t to weep1 & a "t 7#e47 ,a "t to weep1 & a to laugh2 a "t to m\rn1 & "t to laugh2 a "t to dance2 7#f47 ,a "t to cry1 & a "t to play2 7#d47 ,a "t = weep+1 & a "t = laugh+2 a "t ( wail+1 & a "t ( danc+ 7!re is an allit]ation "h1 & a slight *ange 9 con/ruction to ! hiphil 9 ! next clause2 possibly to m>k ! close ( ! fir/ sev5 pairs74 #e ,a "t to ca/ away 7#g47 ,a "t to scatt] /ones /ones1 & a "t to ga!r away1 & a "t to ga!r /ones toge!r2 a "t to /ones aga92 embrace1 & a "t to refra9 f embrac+2 7#h47 ,a "t to embrace1 & a "t to refra9 f embrac+2 7#e47 ,a "t = scatt]+ /ones1 & a "t ( collect+ /ones 7does our ,"l allude to ?is1 ,m>k xiii4 #b872 a "t = embrac+1 & a "t to refra9 f embrac+4 #f ,a "t to get1 & a "t 7#i47 ,a "t to seek1 & a to lose2 a "t to keep1 & a "t = loss2 "t to ca/ away2 7#aj47 ,a "t to keep1 & a ,or1 seek4 "t to ca/ away2 7#f47 ,a "t to seek1 & a "t to lose 7! ,masorets consid] ?is a ,piel ) ! s5se to de/roy72 a "t = keep+1 & a "t to ca/ away4 #g ,a "t to r5d1 & a 7#aa47 ,a "t to r5d1 & a "t to sew2 a "t to keep "t to sew2 sil5ce1 & a "t to speak2 7#ab47 ,a "t to be sil5t1 & a "t = spee*2 7#g47 ,a "t = r5d+1 & a "t = sew+ 7see ,g5esis xxxvii4 #bi1 #cd72 a "t = be+ sil5t1 & a "t to speak4 #h ,a "t to love1 & a "t 7#ac47 ,a "t ( love1 & a to hate2 a "t ( w>1 & a "t ( hate2 "t ( peace4 7#ad47 ,a "t ( w>1 & a "t ( peace4 7#h47 ,a "t to love1 & a "t to hate2 a "t ( w>1 & a "t ( peace4 7,! slight *anges 9 ! r5d]+ correspond to *anges 9 con/ruction 9 ! ,hebrew1 giv+ a pleas+ v>iety to ! :ole passage4 ,!re is also an obs]vable diff]5ce 9 ! second sev5 pairs1 :i* enum]ate acts m emotional & subjective ?an ! fir/47 #i ,:at pr(it ha? he t ,:at advantage is !re to worke? 9 t :]e9 he ! work] by reason ( 8 lab\re?8 own toil8 7#i47 ,:at pr(it 7some?+ #8rema9+ ov] & above ! pres5t1' 9 ! te*nical mean+ ( ?is ^w1 see *apt] i4 #c1 ref]5ces47 is ! work+ 7an active p>ticiple ) ! article1 & ?us g5]ic1 work+ !n z su*7 9 :i* 7full relative1 & ?us ref]r+ to ! :ole idea2 we mu/ r5d] !re=e #89 respect ( its be+1' :i* w be emphatic1 z x is foll[$ by ! pron\n7 x is toil 7b we mu/ rememb] t ! exact mean+ ( ?is ^w issee ,g5esis xli4 #ea1 ,isaiah liii4 #aa! #8anxiety1' or #8c>e1' ! lab\r produces4 ,! "q !n is ?is1 ,is !re any pr(it f work+ 9 respect ( its be+ c>e & pa9s8 & ! answ] is1 ,no4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] some:at ad s5sum3 1 #8,:at advantage ( him t works 9 ^? ?+s :i* he toils8' ,! ,syriac1 7 ,syriac phrase7 #8,:at is ! pr(it 9 ! "w 9 t he toils8' b bo? make ! mean+ cle>4 ,?is "q is answ]$ 9 ! negative1 ! argum5t be+ elaborat$ ) mu* c>e74 #aj ,i h se5 ! travail1 ,i h obs]v$ ) reg>d :i* ,god ha? giv5 to ! to ! unc]ta9ty :i* is sons ( m5 to be ex]cis$ 9 appo9t$ ( ,god to ! human x4 race1 to be made anxi\s !reby1 7#aj47 ,i h se5 7or #8obs]v$1' z we %\ld write1 ?is =mula introduc+ a matt] :i* obs]vation makes manife/71 ) reg>d to ! anxiety 71 see *apt] i4 #ac1 ref]5ces1 ! mean+ previ\sly assign$ ( #8anxi\s c>e1' or #8unc]ta9ty' g5]ally1 ! ^w be+ us$ to signify t special =m ( human mis]y :i* consi/s 9 ! unc]ta9ty 9 :i* man lives2 ?is emphatic ! ,,lxx4 notice & r5d] by _! adv]bial 1 & to %[ u t ! obs]vation 0 made1 n ( ! unc]ta9ty1 b ) respect to x7 :i* has appo9t$ 7because ?is is ! pr9cipal idea7 ev5 ,god 7! nom9ative foll[s1 & is )\t ! article1 because x is ,god 9 8 p]sonal "* :o is "h ref]r$ to4 ,! article is us$ :5 ! ^w occurs g5]ically1 z 9 ! s5se ( #8! ,deity' or #8! ,almighty1'#8:i* x is ,god's appo9tm5t' !n is ! mean+7 to ! sons ( ! man 7t is1 ! human race z *ildr5 ( ,adam7 to be r5d]$ unc]ta9 !re)4 #aa ,he ha? made e t ! :ole is suitable at ?+ beautiful 9 8 "t3 its prop] "t4 ,moreov]1 ) also he ha? set ! _w 9 reg>d to ! future1 t too _! he>t1 s t no man is put into _! desires1 b c f9d out ! "w t ,god s t ,man _c f9d out ! make? f ! beg9n+ to work+ ( ! ,almighty z ,he ! end4 works x out f its beg9n+ ev5 to its end4 7#aa47 ,) respect to ! :ole 7aga9 ! emphatic 1 & aga9 not$ by 9 ! ,,lxx41 "s copies read+1 1 #8! :ole :i*2' z ?is preposition is repeat$ 9 ! same clause1 x is specially emphatic "h7 he made x fair 7t is #8appropriate1' :i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 7 9 its "t 7"o ( ^! provid5tial times or seasons above spok5 (74 ,moreov] 7comm5c+ ano!r & additional argum5t1 confirm+ ! above71 ) respect to ! age 7aga9 repeat$ ) ! article1 notic$ z be=e by ! ,,lxx41 & aga9 by !m r5d]$ 1 mean+ !re=e g5]ally1 & also ) reg>d to ! indef9ite future g5]ically x is1 etc47 is set 7plac$ by ,god inde$1 b ! nom9ative is s f> (f t ! v]b is almo/ imp]sonal1 or 9 o!r words all emphasis on ! nom9ative is lo/7 9 _! he>ts f ! want ( :i* 71 occurs ,job iv4 #aa2 ?is ^w jo9$ to ! full relative mu/ mean #8b z !y d n possess ?is k ( ! future or ?is influ5ce ov] ! age1 or c\rse ( ?+s pres5t & future1 s z to control x1' = ?is is ! mean+ ( 1 see *apt] i4 #d1 ref]5ces47 does n f9d 7emphatic1 z /&+ be=e its nom9ative7 ! man 7i4e4 #8,humanity g5]ally _c f9d' or #8discov]'7 ) respect to ! work+ 7! ,,lxx4 d n r5d] "h by 1 probably because is cle> en\gh )\t x7 :i* works 7#8is ! "w ('7 ! ,deity f ! beg9n+ ev5 unto 7?is preposition be+ sep>at$ & jo9$ ) a conjunction is mu* m =cible ?an ! m]e affix$ above1 because1 possibly1 x is desir$ to r5d] emphatic ?is f9al ^w :i* is res]v$ to ! close ( ! s5t5ce7 ! end 71 :i* occurs 9 ?is book 9 ! s5se ( a f9al conclusion1 see *apt] xii4 #ac1 & :i* 9 ! work+ ( ,div9e ,provid5ce is especially my/]i\s74 #ab ,i "k t !re is no ,i am aw>e t !re c be no good 9 !m1 b = a man real good to any1 if x be n to rejoice1 & to d good 9 to rejoice & to see ?is good 8 life4 9 _! lives4 7#ab47 ,i "k h[ !re is no?+ good 7#8no?+' & #8good' are two n\ns 9 close/ apposition1 & h5ce hav+ ! mean+ #8!re is no good ?+'7 9 !m 7emphatic & a di/ributive plural1 ref]r+ to s+ul>7 except to rejoice & to d good 7b n 9 ! s5se ( do+ "r1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 is =eign to ! tra9 ( ?\ght1 b to ! obta9+ ( good2 & z ?is la/ idea is repeat$ f :at w5t be=e1 we h ! mean+ #8t good'7 9 _! lives 7:i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by ! s+ul> #89 8 life1' notic+ ! di/ributive plural4 ,h5ce !n ! s5se ( ! :ole passage is pla93 #8,i "k t !re c be no real good ?+ belong+ to !m1 except x be t !y %\ld rejoice & d good ea* "o 9 _! lives1' & ?is is exactly true1 z dea? s completely b\nds ! vision & t]m9ates ! e>?ly exi/5ce ( e human s\l t :at is n obta9$ 9 ?is life is cle>ly n obta9$ at all4 ,( c\rse ! entire argum5t proce$s on ! supposition t we are reg>d+ ! :ole matt] z "u ! sun1 t is1 limit$ to ?is e>?ly /age ( exi/5ce74 #ac ,& also t e man ,& beside1 if any way humanity %\ld eat & dr9k1 & %\ld eat or dr9k1 & ?us enjoy ! good ( all 8 sees ?is good by any ( 8 lab\r1 x is ! gift ( toil1 x is simply ,god's gift4 ,god4 7#ac47 ,& moreov] 7an additional consid]ation add$ to ! above7 all ! man 7i4e4 all humanity g5]ally1 a proposition univ]sally true ( ! :ole ( !m7 :5 he eats 7contract relative ) pres5t t5se ( ! v]b1 #8z he eats !n'& eat+ is "h put z ! g5]al type ( use & enjoym5t7 & dr9ks 7?is is n sup]flu\s2 a man c dr9k :5 he c no long] eat2 he c qu5* ! fev] ?ir/ :5 food is loa?some1 h5ce dr9k+ is ! type ( solace7 & sees good 7z a pa/ t5se foll[s a pres5t1 we h ! equival5t ( our imp]fect2 & z also ! conjunction is repeat$ be=e ea* v]b1 we may r5d] !m z dep5d5t #8if he %\ld eat or ev5 dr9k1 & s %\ld h a sight ( a good'7 9 all 8 toil 7or by means ( x74 ,a gift 7*apt] v4 #ai1 see also #a ,k+s xiii4 #ag1 :]e x appe>s t ! mean+ ( ! ^w is a #8pres5t4' ,,lxx4 7 ( ,god x is 7fem99e1 9 close agreem5t ) 4 ,"h aga9 we ?9k t !re may be notic$ a m subjective1 or active idea1 :5 ! fem99e is us$1 ?an ) correspond+ mascul9es4 ,9 ?is way we may possibly f9d a grammatical explanation ( ! anomal\s g5d]s s common 9 ,hebrew4 ,9 ! ,p5tateu* is us$ ( females1 & a possible reason may be t 9 ! e>li] /ages ( ! language !re 0 less t5d5cy to reg>d m]e grammatical concords & m to foll[ ! logic ( ! passage4 ,x is wor? notic+ t grammatical concord z su* becomes m & m develop$ z ! language advances1 h5ce ,syriac is z /rict z ,greek or ,lat9 9 ?is respect4 ,:atev] be ! reason1 h[ev]1 ! fact ( su* clos] connexion is manife/ by a c>eful collation ( places74 #ad ,i "k t1 :atsoev] ,i am aw>e also t all ,god doe?1 x %all be = :i* ! ,almighty effects ev]3 no?+ c be put to mu/ be done ) reg>d to all x1 nor any?+ tak5 f "t1 t to x no?+ c be x3 & ,god doe? x1 t add$1 & t f x no?+ m5 %\ld fe> be=e him4 ei!r c be tak5 away1 & t ! ,almighty acts t m5 may fe> 9 8 pres5ce2 7#ad47 ,i "k h[ 7& z ?is is a repetition ( ! =mula 9 v]se #ab1 we may add ! ^w #8also' to %[ t ! argum5t is a cont9uation ( ! above7 all :i* does 7or is p]=m$ by7 ! ,deity 7) ! article7 x is 7emphatic1 foll[$ by ! v]b sub/antive1 & equival5t !re=e to #8x really is'7 t :i* w be 7& s ! ,,lxx4 r5d]7 to ! age 7to ! indef9ite on1 or future t is1 or r1 = bo? pres5t & pa/ are includ$ 9 ?is ^w1 to ! :ole c\rse ( pres5t exi/+ ?+s'71 to x 79 ! mean+ ( #8ov]1' or #8above1' z some?+ dom9at+ ov]1 :i* is ! signification ( 7 !re is no?+ to be add$ 7niphal1 :i* c\ld be add$7 & f x !re is no?+ to be dim9i%$ 7,exodus v4 #h1 ,job xv4 #d1 #h1 or re/ra9$4 ,! relevancy ( ?is reason+ is n[ evid5t4 ,human lab\r & anxiety is va91 = ! c\rse ( provid5ce _c be alt]$ by x1 & if x c\ld1 ! alt]ation w\ld be = ! worse2 :at foll[s makes ?is m cle>71 & ! ,deity works t !y may fe> 7contract relative1 ) ! pres5t z above4 ,we h also ! d\ble jod2 x occurs ) ! s+le jod at *apt] viii4 #ab1 & aga9 ) d\ble jod at *apt] xii4 #e4 ,!re is no d\bt a diff]5ce ( mean+ 9 ^! cases2 see a rem>kable illu/ration ( ?is 9 reg>d to ! v]b 9 ,judges xvi4 #ad z comp>$ ) v]se #bj 9 ! same *apt]7 f be=e him 71 ) bo? & 1 & h5ce emphatic1 #89 8 pres5ce'74 #ae ,t :i* ha? be5 is t :at has be5 is j ! n[2 & t :i* is to be pres5t1 & :atev] is to ha? already be52 & ,god be is no o!r ?an ! same require? t :i* is pa/4 pres5t2 & t ! ,almighty w inve/igate ) reg>d to ,hebrew t :i* is ! wrong$4 driv5 away4 7#ae47 ,:at is t :i* 08 7! contract relative ) ! v]b sub/antive1 i4e4 :at is ! pa/8'7 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s 71 see *apt] i4 #aj1 ref]5ces2 ! ^w is a sub/antive ) its ord9>y te*nical mean+ z us$ 9 ?is book ( ! #8pres5t z x n[ is1' & ( ?is he says7 x is 7emphatic7 & t :i* is to be 7appo9t$ s to be4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 lit]ally #8?+s ( ! be+1' #8or to happ5'7 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s x 0 7t is1 #8?is v same pres5t x is2' ea* age be+ 9 ?is respect an exact reproduction ( :at w5t be=e x4 ,x nev] 0 subject to human control1 & nev] w be7 & ! ,deity 7z ?is ^w is repeat$ 9 ! same clause1 & /&s z a nom9ative be=e ! v]b1 x is especially emphatic7 seeks 7#8asks aft]1' #8inquires =1' ) ! object ( n all[+ x to pass notice1 see #a ,samuel xx4 #af7 ) respect to a p]secut$ 7p]son or ?+4 ,he does n all[ any p]son or ?+ :o is wrong$ to pass )\t notice74 ,no d\bt ,/4 ,j]ome has completely hit ! po9t ( ! argum5t :5 he writes1 #8,s9ce all ?+s fade ) "t1 & !re is a "t ( de/roy+ & build+1 weep+ & laugh+1 = sil5ce & speak+1 & ^? o!r ?+s :i* are said conc]n+ "t1 :y d we /rive & press =w>d 9 va91 & imag9e ! brief lab\rs ( life to be p]petual1 nor are we cont5t1 accord+ to ! ,gospel1 ) ! evil ( to-day1 & s take no ?\ght = ! morr[8' #af ,& moreov] ,i saw ,yet1 h[ev]1 ,i h obs]v$ "u ! sun ! place ( 9 ?is "w-day _w1 t 9 judgm5t1 t wick$ness place ( ju/ice !re is 0 !re2 & ! place ( impiety1 & 9 ! place ev5 righte\sness1 t iniquity ( "r !re is impiety also4 0 !re4 7#af47 ,& yet 7an objection to ! =ego+7 ,i h se5 "u ! sun 7! limitation "h introduc$ requires special att5tion7 a place ( ! ju/ice 7we mu/ n limit place to mean locality1 b take x g5]ally ( /ate or position1 etc41 & obs]ve also t has ! article1 & is !re=e g5]ic72 !re 0 ! wick$ness 7aga9 g5]ic1 & h5ce hav+ ! mean+ t 9 place ( ju/ice1 z "o w\ld expect f ! proposition /at$ above1 t ! ,deity has reg>d to ! wrong$1 j ! rev]se occurr$2 ?is is aga9 enl>g$ 9 ! foll[+71 & 9 ! place ( ! "r !re 0 ! wick$ness 7! mean+ is1 t #8j 9 ! v circum/ances "u :i* y w\ld expect "r to prevail1 !re y w f9d rampant & successful wick$ness4' has ! mean+ ( t k9d ( #8wick$ness' :i* goes out into bold & op5 transgression1 see #b ,samuel xxii4 #bb2 ,psalm x4 #b1 #c1 #d1 #ac74 #ag ,i said 9 m9e he>t1 ,god ,!n said ,i to myself3 %all judge ! righte\s & ,) respect to "r & ! wick$3 = !re is a wick$ness1 ! ,almighty does "t !re = e purpose ju/ice1 because !re is a & = e "w4 "t to e provid5ce & dom9at+ ov] e action :i* is done !re4 7#ag47 ,i said1 ,i myself1 9 my he>t 7:i* we h notic$ commonly introduces a ?\ght m speci\s ?an true71 ) respect to 71 :i* ! ,,lxx4 note ) _! cu/om>y 7 ! righte\s 7i4e4 :at is made "r or done "r2 notice ! hiphil =m z comp>$ ) t 9 ! above71 & ) reg>d to ! impi\s also judges ! ,deity1 = !re is a "t to e provid5ce1 & ^u 7or #8ov]1' :i* ! ,,lxx4 note by 7 all ! work+ !re 7"s copies ( ! ,,lxx4 jo9 ?is to ! next v]se1 b x is m agreeable to ! gi/ ( ! passage to ref] x to ! prec$+1 z ! ,masoretic text does1 & 9 ?is case #8!re' ref]s back to ! age or p]iod74 #ah ,i said 9 m9e he>t ,!n said ,i to myself also3 conc]n+ ! e/ate ( ! ,by ! reason+s ( ! sons ( m51 t ,god might human race 9 respect to any manife/ !m1 & t !y discrim9ation ( !m by ! might see t !y !mselves ,div9e ,creator1 x seems t are bea/s4 b brutes are !y at be/4 ,or1 t !y might cle> ,god & see4 7#ah47 ,i said1 ,i did1 9 my he>t 7repeat+ ! =mula ( ! prec$+ v]se1 & s l5d+ emphasis to x71 ^u ! spee* 7?is phrase occurs ?ree times1 & only 9 ?is book1 viz4 "h1 & *apt]s vii4 #ad & viii4 #b4 ,not)/&+ t a simil> phrase occurs ,psalm cx4 #d1 ) ! mean+ #8aft] ! ord]1' ,,lxx4 1 :i* is app>5tly sanction$ by ,new ,te/am5t exegesis1 comp>e ,hebrews v4 #f1 etc42 ?is is really n to ! po9t1 = t is 1 ! plural1 :ile ?is is s+ul>4 ,accord+ to /rict gramm> is ! con/ruct ( 1 & %\ld !re=e mean #8reason+ (1' j z ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 1 & ?is1 moreov]1 w make good s5se 9 e passage 9 :i* ?is phrase occurs7 ( ! sons ( ,adam 7i4e4 ! human race7 to ! discrim9at+ !m 7h5ce ! ,,lxx4 1 consid]+ t ! root is 1 :i* has ! mean+ #8to sift1' #8purify by sift+1' ?is is ! only in/ance ( ! inf9itive kal4 ,n[ we mu/ take ?is mean+1 obs]v+ t ! pron\n #8!m1' :i* is involv$ 9 ! t]m9ation ( ! v]b1 is n emphatic2 x is ! discrim9ation ( ,god :i* is ! po9t1 ! p]sons on :i* ?is is ex]cis$ are subord9ate4 ,! ,jewi% comm5tators = ! mo/ "p expla9 z ! ?ird p]son s+ul> pret]ite ( ) ! objective pronom9al affix ! only in/ance1 h[ev]1 9 :i* has ! mean+ #8to *oose' is #a ,samuel xvii4 #h2 z1 h[ev]1 "s copies read 1 we c h no difficulty 9 ref]r+ ! ^w to ! root 1 :i* makes good s5se4 ,x is also to be rem>k$ t ?\gh does n exi/ z a root 9 ,hebrew1 x does s 9 ,*aldee1 ,syriac1 & ,arabic1 & ! mean+ is t :i* is #8twi/$' or #8infold$'comp>e ,ezekiel xxvii4 #bd;a #8g>m5t' work$ 9 _m col\rs2 ?is w\ld make good s5se also 9 ?is place1 & may possibly h be5 an int5tional equivoke1 :i* is n surely improbable 9 a s5t5ce 9 :i* su* manife/ artificial allit]ation occurs4 ,! mean+ !n is1 t7 ! ,deity 7discrim9ates m51 or makes a di/9ction betwe5 !m & ! l[] creatures2 b 9 :at respects8 ,?is is discuss$ at l5g?7 & to see 7b r might ?is =m ( ! inf9itive be r5d]$1 = :i* !re is suffici5t au?ority1 #8to ! appe>ance'7 t !y 7contract relative1 & h5ce ! mean+ is t ?is appe>ance belongs to !m1 & !m only4 ,9 ?is may be f\nd ! key to ! :ole passage4 ,9 appe>ance !re is no *oice or discrim9ation1 z subsequ5t argum5t proves1 because !y are7 a cattle 7s+ul>1 foll[+ a plural1 & ?us giv+ ! mean+ t ea* "o is s7 !y to !m 7:i* ,m5delssohn expla9s1 foll[+ ! ,,lxx41 #8:5 left to !mselves1' or1 z we %\ld say1 z #8f> z !y c tell4' ,) ?is ,ewald & ,g9sburg agree1 :o consid] ?is latt] clause an ironical #8ipsissimi1'#8!y !mselves1 inde$6' ,?us1 !n1 ! mean+ ( ! :ole passage is1 #8,i said1 yes1 ,i did 9 my he>t aga91 s f> z human reason+s ext5d conc]n+ any discrim9ation ! ,div9e ,provid5ce has made ( !m1 & z f> z appe>ances g ) !m1 a m]e animal is ea* "o ( !m1 s f> z !y c tell4' ,! s5t5ce is v s>ca/ic & equivocal1 z ! allit]ation at ! end %[s4 ,!n1 aga91 if we take ! root 9 ! s5se ( #8web1' z we use x = some?+ intricate1 9 t case we %\ld h ! equivoke1 #8conc]n+ ! web ( ,div9e ,provid5ce s f> z x appe>s to !m4' ,aga91 also1 ! ,syriac r5d]s z if 7 1 #8_! ,creator1' :i* also makes excell5t s5se2 b ?is1 aga91 may simply be a r5d]+ ( ano!r equivoke4 ,!n1 aga91 !re is a possible play betwe5 & ! same ^w consid]$ z ) ! prepositionall ^! equivokes assi/ ! s5se74 ,consi/5t ) ?is is :at foll[s3 #ai ,= t :i* befalle? ,= ! ev5t :i* happ5s ! sons ( m5 befalle? to ! human race1 & ! bea/s2 ev5 "o ?+ ev5t :i* happ5s to ! befalle? !m3 z ! "o brute-creation1 is precisely die?1 s die? ! o!r2 ! same ev5t3 ! "o dies yea1 !y h all "o j ! same dea? z ! brea?2 s t a man ha? no o!r2 & ! animal life pre-em95ce above a bea/3 is ! same 9 bo?2 & ! = all is vanity4 pre-em95ce ( man ov] ! brute is no?+ at all2 = all alike are evanesc5t2 7#ai47 ,= a happ5+ ( ! sons ( man1 & a happ5+ ( ! brute creation1 & a happ5+ :i* is "o 7z we %\ld say1 #8precisely ! same'7 to !m 7! ?reefold repetition ( 1 #8hap1' br+s ?is ^w into /rong prom95ce4 ,x means1 ( co>se1 t :i* absolutely happ5s or results1 or comes to !m 9 ! end4 ,?is is exactly ! same 9 bo? cases1 z ! sequel %[s74 ,z is ! dea? ( ?is1 s 7#8exactly s'7 is ! dea? ( ?is1 & ! _s 7or #8brea?'7 is "o to all1 & ! pre-em95ce 71 ?is n\n occurs 9 ?is =m only at ,prov]bs xiv4 #bc1 & xxi4 #e1 & evid5tly ) ! mean+ ( advantage or increase ( "o ?+ ov] ano!r4 ,! ,,lxx4 translate ?is z if x 7 1 #8& :at pr(it1' b ?is is simply to give ! s>ca/ic turn to ! s5t5ce7 ( ! man 7humanity g5]ally7 ov] ! bea/s is no?+1 = ! :ole 79 its te*nical s5se ( ! :ole ( life1 z usual7 is a vanity 7or evanesc5t74 #bj ,all g unto "o place2 all alike g to ! same place2 all are ( ! du/1 & all all alike come f ! same turn to du/ aga94 du/2 & all alike return to ! same du/ aga94 7#bj47 ,& ! :ole goes to "o place1 ! :ole 7repeat+ ?is ^w s z to br+ x into /rong prom95ce7 0 f ! du/1 & ! :ole 7aga9 repeat$1 mak+ ! f\r? "t1 & s imply+ univ]sality7 returns to ! du/4 #ba ,:o kn[e? ! _s ,= :o c tell h[ t ! ( man t goe? upw>d1 _s ( man asc5ds up on & ! _s ( ! bea/ high1 & t ! _s ( t goe? d[nw>d to ! ! bea/ desc5ds d[nw>ds e>?8 to ! e>?8 ,hebrew ( ! sons ( man4 ,hebrew is asc5d+4 7#ba47 ,:o kn[s8 7p>ticiple1 poel1 #8:o is kn[+8' or #8:o is !re t kn[s8' ,! "q does n ass]t ! fact t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 man & bea/2 on ! contr>y1 ?is clause is s +5i\sly contriv$ z to ass]t ! v rev]se74 ,! _s ( ! sons ( m5 79 its usual mean+1 ( ! :ole human race7 is ! asc5d+ 7) ! article1 #8! asc5d+ ?+'71 x is 7emphatic7 to ! asc5t 7! repetition ( ! same root 9 a diff]5t grammatical =m gives prom95ce to ?is ^w4 ,! human s\l is1 x appe>s1 especially an #8,,asc5d+ ?+'72 & ! _s ( ! bea/ a ?+ desc5d+ 7p>ticiple1 poel ) article71 x is 7emphatic1 x really is ?is7 to ! d[nw>ds to ! e>? 7! 1 to1 twice repeat$1 gives emphasis#8ev5 to'74 #bb ,:]e=e ,i p]ceive t ,?us ,i p]ceiv$ t !re !re is no?+ bett]1 c be no real good above t ?an t a man %\ld rejoice pres5t-pleasure :i* man c 9 8 own works2 = t obta9 f 8 "w2 z t is 8 portion3 = :o is :at belongs to him3 = :o %all br+ him to see :at c br+ him to see :at may %all be aft] him8 be ! subsequ5t results8 7#bb47 ,& ,i saw 7#8& ?us ,i obs]v$'7 h[ !re is no?+ ( real-good 79 ! te*nical s5se 9 :i* ?is ^w occurs s (t5 9 ?is book7 f :i* 7full relative1 #8m ?an t 9 :i*1' or #8above t he %\ld'7 he rejoices1 ev5 ! man does 7humanity g5]ally71 9 8 work+s 7or :at he accompli%es1 plural71 = 7or1 z has occurr$ 9 ! correspond+ clause previ\sly1 #8z'7 ?is is 7emphatic7 8 portion 7#8lot' or #8inh]itance1' s+ul>73 = :o 7 aga9 repeat$1 s we mu/ r5d] x #8& z none'7 c make him come to see 7?is is n exactly equival5t to #8make him see2' x is r equival5t to #8:o c\ld enable him to see1' or #8:o c\ld %[ him "s me?od h[ he might discov]'7 9 :at 7#8( :at sort' is t "w :i*7 :i* w be aft] him 7n 9 respect ( "t1 b results1#8consequ5ces1' !re=e74 ,?us ,kohele?'s reason+ is q cle>1 conclusive1 & connect$4 ,9 t5 p>ticul>s man & bea/ are alike4 7#a47 ,! result is ! same to bo?2 7#b47 _! dea? is alike2 7#c47 _! _s or animal life is ! same2 7#d47 !re is no pre-em95ce ( ! "o ov] ! o!r2 7#e47 !y are alike evanesc5t2 7#f47 !y all g to ! same place2 7#g47 !y come f ! same du/2 7#h47 & !y all g to ! same du/1 & no "o c tell 7i4e4 = c]ta91 or by ord9>y obs]vations7 t !y diff] 9 ?is2 7#i47 man's s\l goes up1 7#aj47 & ! bea/'s goes d[n4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! :ole1 x w be se51 is highly artificial4 ,! next /age 9 ! argum5t op5s ) #8,i turn$ & saw4' ,t is a fur!r obs]vation ( a po9t 9 :i*1 x may be rem>k$ incid5tally1 man does diff] f ! bea/3 he is ! only animal t weeps4 ,! object "h is aga9 to %[ t m]e e>?ly lab\r1 z su*1 produces no satisfaction4 ,at ?is po9t ! argum5t becomes some:at less su/a9$1 deal+ r ) a succession ( in/ances4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,s ,i return$1 & ,,b to return3 ,i am obs]v+ consid]$ all ! oppressions ?is ) reg>d to all ^? t are done "u ! sun3 afflictions :i* happ5 & behold ! te>s ( su* 9 ?is "w-day _w4 z 7 oppress$1 & !y ,= see n[ ! te> ( ! _h no com=t]2 & on ! afflict$ = :i* !re is side ( _! oppressors no com=t]3 & t 9 ! !re 0 p[]2 b !y h& ( _! afflictors !re _h no com=t]4 is p[]1 & yet !re is no com=t]4 ,hebrew h&4 ,,iv4 7#a47 ,turn$ ,i1 & ,i see 7! pres5t t5se foll[+ ! p]fect is equival5t to our imp]fect1 #8,i 0 aga9 reg>d+2' because ?is po9t has be5 t\*$ on be=e1 ?\gh 9 ano!r =m1 at ii4 #bb1 #bc7 ) respect to all 7 1 ,,lxx4 7 ! oppressions 7) ! article2 we mu/ n re/rict ?is to ! oppression ( "o man ov] ano!r1 b take ! ^w 9 its g5]al s5se1 z f c>e1 sickness1 mis=tune1 etc47 :i* are done 7! niphal has an objective s5se1 #8submitt$ to1' or #8are done ^u o!rs'7 "u ! sun1 & behold 7call+ att5tion to a manife/ fact7 ! te> 7s+ul>4 ,?is turn ( ?\ght1 :i* looks ^u ea* te> z a sorr[1 a type & sample ( all o!r sorr[s1 is v beautiful4 ,comp>e ,revelation vii4 #ag1 & xxi4 #d1 ,isaiah xxv4 #h1 = ! o!r side ( ?is1#8,god %all wipe away e te>1' etc47 ( ! oppress+s 7! same ^w z be=e1 1 :i* ! ,,lxx41 r5d]+ ad s5sum1 express by a passive p>ticiple2 b ! mean+ ( ! passage really requires ! same ^w 9 bo? clauses3 z f> z ,kohele?'s argum5t "h is conc]n$1 ! exi/5ce ( ! oppressor & oppress$ are equally my/]i\s71 & !re is no?+ to !m ( com=t 7! ,,lxx4 r5d] by a p>ticiple1 #8com=t+1' #8no "o com=ts !m'71 & 9 ! h& ( _! oppressors might 7?is means1 no d\bt1 #8t ! p[] ( ! oppressors 0 s great1' x 0 impossible to escape !m2 b hidd5 und]nea? is ! ?\ght:i* aga9 increases ! my/]yt !re is a mighty h& :i* c\ld re/ra9 ^! if x w\ld71 & no?+ to !m ( com=t 7repeat$1 & s emphatic74 #b ,:]e=e ,i prais$ ! ,!n ,i = my "p pron\nc$ dead :i* are already dead happy ! dead :o are at ?is m ?an ! liv+ :i* are "t dead1 above ! liv+ 9 yet alive4 _! pres5t qu]y8 pleasant6 lives2 7#b47 ,!n ,i prais$1 ,i did 7x 0 a p]sonal matt]1 a m]e op9ion ( ,kohele?'s71 ) respect to ! dead 7) ! emphatic 7 :i* at pres5t 7 see *apt] i4 #aj1 ref]5ces1 :i* occurs 9 ! same te*nical s5se z be=e1 #8?is pres5t "t or /ate'7 are dead 7h5ce ! :ole is equival5t to #8:i* h f9i%$ _! lives1 & n[ are 9 ! /ate ( ! dep>t$'71 above ! liv+ :i* !y are liv+ z yet 7 occurs "h only1 & only diff]s 9 po9t+ f 1 :i* occurs ,g5esis xviii4 #ab only1 #8pleasure4' ,x w be se5 t ?is unusual ^w leads to a /range equivoke1 :i* yet helps ! s5se47 #c ,yea1 bett] is he ?an & bett] (f ?an bo? ^? bo? !y1 :i* ha? n yet :o h n yet be53 :o h be51 :o ha? n se5 ! n yet _h ! pleasure6 evil "w t is done "u to see t "w s evil :i* ! sun4 w be done to !m 9 ?is hot "w-day _w4 7#c47 ,& good above bo? 7equals our #8bett] (f ?an ei!r'7 :i* z yet 7 "h only1 diff]+ aga9 f 1 #8delight1' #8,ed51' only 9 ! po9t+7 h n be5 :i* 7?is be+ repeat$1 is equival5t to #8ev5 ^? :o'7 d n see ! work+s s evil :i* are work$ 7niphal1 #8suff]$'7 "u ! sun4 ,x is rem>kable t 9 bo? cases ! s5t5ce may be r5d]$1 )\t any viol5ce to its gramm>1 ) ea* ( ^! unusual words1 translat$ #8pleasantness' & #8pleasure' respectively1 z !y ought to be ?us1 #8,!n ,i prais$ ! dead :i* are n[ 9 ! /ate ( ! dead1 above ! liv+1 9 s f> z !y are liv+ pleasantly 7,hebrew idiom1 pleasantness71 & bett] (f ?an bo? to :om ! pleasure is n1 :o is n see+ t evil "w :i* is done "u ! sun4' ,no "o c1 ( c\rse1 = a mom5t d\bt t ! true mean+ is giv5 by ! =m] r5d]+1 :ile ?is latt] is only an equivoke1 b x is an equivoke :i* helps ! s5se1 & gives a peculi> s>ca/ic tone to ! :ole4 ,i h endeav\r$ to repres5t ?is 9 ! p>aphrase by an equivoke betwe5 ! words #8pleasant' & #8pres5t1' :i* ,i am almo/ incl9$ to )draw1 s feebly does x r5d] ! grave bit+ s>casm ( ! orig9al4 ,kohele? n[ t\*es on ano!r in/ance ( unsatisfactor9ess :i* besets successful toil4 #d ,aga91 ,i consid]$ ,i h fur!rmore myself all travail1 & e "r obs]v$ ( all toil1 :5 x "w1 t = ?is a man is comes to any successful issue1 envi$ ( 8 neighb\r4 ,?is :at envy h5ce arises ( is also vanity & vexation a man f 8 fell[s2 & ( _s4 ?is is ano!r in/ance ( evanesc5ce & vexation ( ,hebrew all rightness ( _s4 "w4 ,hebrew ?is is ! envy ( a man f 8 neighb\r4 7#d47 ,& ,i h se5 myself 7equival5t to #8,i h also obs]v$'71 ) respect to ! :ole toil 79 respect #8( all toil :atsoev]4' ,notice ! twice-repeat$ emphatic & 71 & ) respect to all success :atev] 7t is1 toil or pa9s :i* come to a successful issue occurs ii4 #ba1 "h1 & v4 #aa 7#aj71 ) ! mean+ #8success4' ,! v]b occurs xi4 #f1 x4 #aj2 & ! only o!r place 9 :i* ! root occurs is ,e/h] viii4 #e4 ,x has be5 said 9 consequ5ce to be a late ^w2 b ! =ce ( any reason+1 d]iv$ f its occurr5ce1 is mu* weak5$ by notic+ t x is a te*nical t]m1 & is us$ to signify ! #8successful issue' :i* results4 ,see *apt] xi4 #f1 :i* is decisive4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 1 #8brav]y1' :i* is also ! r5d]+ at *apt] v4 #aa7 ( ! work+ 71 9 ! usual s5se ( ! work+1 or :at is accompli%$71 = 7or #8h[1' r7 x is 7fem99e pron\n emphatic1 see *apt] iii4 #ac7 envy 7or jeal\sy7 ( a man 7n "h1 b 1 #8any "o1' or #8"o4' ,g]man1 #8man4' ,! mean+ !n is1 #8"o's jeal\sy'7 ov] 8 neighb\r4 7,?us ! :ole s5tim5t is1 t ,kohele? _h obs]v$ t ev5 :5 toil1 ! tr\ble att5d+ lab\r1 seem$ to h a successful result1 x produc$ m envy ?an pleasure1 :i* ,kohele? expresses by ! pregnant words1 #8,x is j ! envy ( a man ov] 8 neighb\r4'7 ,also ?is is a vanity & vexation ( _s 7i4e4 is ano!r in/ance ( x74 #e ,! fool folde? 8 h&s ,! befool$ wr+s 8 h&s toge!r1 & eate? 8 own & eats 8 he>t1 fle%4 7#e47 ,! fool 7i4e4 ! #8befool$1' 1 d\btless by envy7 folds 7occurs iii4 #e1 #b ,k+s iv4 #af2 or p]haps #8wr+s'7 8 h&s & eats 8 fle%4 7,x has be5 mu* disput$ :at we are to und]/& by ?is figure2 b ,prov]bs vi4 #aj1 xxiv4 #bc:]e ! same =mula occurs to express ! idl5ess ( ! slugg>dseems conclusive z to ! mean+ ( fold+ 8 h&s1 z also #8fle%' 9 ?is book has a te*nical mean+1 #8! s5su\s nature'see *apt] ii4 #c4 ,we c be/ und]/& x ( ! self-mortification ( envy3 ?us ! connexion w be app>5t bo? ) :at w5t be=e1 & is to foll[74 #f ,bett] is an h&ful & yet a real good is b a ) quietness1 ?an bo? fi/ful ( re/2 bett] ?an ! h&s full ) travail bo? palms full ( toil & & vexation ( _s4 vexation ( _s4 7#f47 ,good 7i4e4 a real good7 fill+ a h& 71 #8! op5 palm'7 ) re/1 ?an to fill 7:i* repeat$ twice is emphatic7 ! d\ble h& 7 occurs only ,exodus ix4 #h1 ,leviticus xvi4 #ab1 ,prov]bs xxx4 #d1 ,ezekiel x4 #b1 #g1! #8two h&s' held toge!r s z to hold ! mo/ !y c7 ( a toil & vexation ( _s4 #g ,!n ,i return$1 & ,i ,fur!rmore ,i h obs]v$ saw vanity "u ! sun4 also ano!r in/ance ( evanesc5ce )9 ?is hot "w-day _w4 7#g47 ,& ,i turn$1 ,i myself1 & ,i see 7! same =mula introduc+ ano!r in/ance ( ! same k9d7 a vanity 7an in/ance ( vanity7 "u ! sun4 #h ,!re is "o alone1 & ,!re exi/s a solit>y :o !re is n a second2 yea1 has no fell[2 nei!r son he ha? nei!r *ild nor nor bro!r has he1 yet !re bro!r3 yet is !re no end is no end to all 8 toils3 ( all 8 lab\r2 nei!r is & besides no satisfaction to 8 eye satisfi$ ) ri*es2 himself 9 all 8 weal?3 :o nei!r sai? he1 ,= :om nev] asks1 #8,= :om am ,i n[ d ,i lab\r1 & b]eave my toil+ & depriv+ myself s\l ( good8 ,?is is also ( good8' ,?is is an in/ance vanity1 yea1 x is a sore ( evanesc5ce & unc]ta9ty1 travail4 :i* is evil & no?+ else4 7#h47 ,!re is "o1 & !re is n a second 7evid5tly mean+ t !re is "o :o is q alone 9 ! _w74 ,moreov]1 son & bro!r !re is n to him 7i4e4 he has emphatically nei!r po/]ity nor relation%ip to acc\nt = ?is desire ( accumulat+ :i* ,kohele? is subsequ5tly ab\t to br+ =w>d3 8 love ( accumulation is purely selfi%71 & !re is no?+ ( an end 71 #8no?+1' is repeat$ ?ree times3 #8,no end at all' is !re=e ! mean+4 ,?is cont9ual h>p+ on ! no?+ness ( ! mis]'s /ate is an exce$+ly effective piece ( oratory7 to all 8 toil4 ,moreov]1 8 eyes 7alt]$ by ! ,masorets to ! s+ul>1 b )\t mu* ta/e3 #8bo? 8 eyes dev\r 8 weal?'7 does n satisfy 7fem99e s+ul>2 h5ce1 z ! ,,lxx4 %[1 ! ^w mu/ ref] to eyes z its subject2 !y r5d] #8is n fill$ )1' = x is a case ( a di/ributive plural7 weal?4 ,& = :om d ,i 7! oratio obliqua is dropp$1 & ! directa us$ 9 its place2 or p]haps ) ?is mean+ does ?is ego7 toil1 & depriv+ my s\l 7) ! usual mean+1 #8myself'7 ( good8 7ab/ract47 ,also ?is is a vanity & an anxiety :i* an evil is 7emphatic7 #8inde$' 7equival5t to #8an evil & no?+ else1' or #8is simply an evil'2 o!r anxieties may be b5eficial1 ?is _c be4 ,?is is ! reason :y we h 1 & n 1 ! ab/ract1 z we %\ld h expect$74 #i ,two are bett] ?an ,good ?+s are companion%ips1 "o2 because !y h a good & bett] ?an solit>ies2 = rew>d = _! lab\r4 ^! inde$ h "s rew>d = _! lab\r4 7#i47 ,good 7?+s7 are ! d\bles 7i4e4 union 9 ! ab/ract71 bett] ?an ! s+le 7aga91 = ! same reason1 ) ! article71 because 7lit]ally #8:i*1' ! full relative1 & ref]r+ back to ! :ole idea7 !re is 7exi/s1 #8because !re exi/s1'7 a rew>d1 a good 7i4e4 a real good2 = to love "o's neighb\r z "o's self is "o ( ! real good ?+s ( ?is _w7 9 ! toil ( !m4 #aj ,= if !y fall1 ! "o ,because if "o falls1 !n w lift up 8 fell[3 b 8 fell[ sets him up aga93 woe to him t is alone b sad is x to ! solit>y :5 he falle?2 = he ha? :5 he slips1 = !re is no n ano!r to help him up4 second to set him up4 7#aj47 ,= if !y fall1 ! "o 7s+ul>1 foll[+ plural1 ei!r "o or o!r fall1 t is7 !n is caus$ to /& 8 fell[ 7,judges xx4 #aa1 ,psalms xlv4 #g71 & woe to him 79 ?is =m at ?is place only1 p]haps because ( ! play ^u ! ^w #8:]e is he8' an equivoke :i* helps ! s5se7 ! s+le "o :i* falls 7contract$ relative1 #8:5 or z he falls1'7 & !re is no second to make him /&4 #aa ,aga91 if two lie ,moreov]1 if two lie toge!r toge!r1 !n !y h heat3 !y keep ea* o!r w>m3 b b h[ c "o be w>m h[ c "o be w>m alone8 alone8 7#aa47 ,moreov] 7an additional in/ance ( ! advantage ( companion%ip1 tak5 f ! passive side1 z ! o!r 0 f ! active side ( ?is matt]71 if !y lie d[n1 two ( !m1 & heat to !m 7i4e4 #8!re is c]ta9ly w>m? = !m'71 b to ! s+le "o1 h[ c he be w>m$8 #ab ,& if "o prevail ,& :]e "o w\ld fail1 two aga9/ him1 two %all w prevail2 & a ?reefold )/& him2 & a ?reefold cord is n quickly brok54 cord is n quickly brok54 7#ab47 ,& if !y prevail ov] 7imp]sonal1 any prevail ov]7 ! s+le1 ! d\bles w /& be=e him 7plural1 ! idea is t !re are two to "o71 & ! cord :i* is ! triplex is n 9 ha/e brok5 7,j]emiah viii4 #af2 ,judges xvi4 #i74 #ac ,bett] is a poor & ,a ,poor & ,prud5t "y man a wise *ild ?an an old & is bett] ?an a ,p]v]se old fooli% k+1 :o w no k+1 :o _c be prevail$ m be admoni%$4 on to li/5 to a w>n+4 ,hebrew :o kn[e? n to be admoni%$4 7#ac47 ,good is a *ild1 poor 71 occurs *apt] iv4 #ac1 ix4 #ae1 #af only2 ! root occurs 9 ! s5se #8pr(itable1' see ,job xxii4 #b2 ! idea seems to be1 t k9d ( pov]ty :i* is economical & sp>+7 & wise f 7#8above1' t is2 ! ord9>y ( comp>ison27 a k+ old 71 ! allit]ation betwe5 miscan & zakan gives pung5cy4 ,we h r5d]$ ?is 9 ! p>aphrase by a correspond+ allit]ation7 & befool$1 :o does n "k h[ to be w>n$ z yet4 7,! allusion "h to ,solomon is palpable1 & ?is may acc\nt = ! app>5tly r$undant 1 #8z yet1' at ! end ( ! s5t5ce47 #ad ,= out ( prison he ,= f a prison-h\se ( come? to reign2 :]eas plott]s he comes =? to also he t is born 9 8 reign1 & beside 9 8 k+dom become? poor4 k+dom is ! bir?place ( meanness4 7#ad47 ,= f ! h\se ( rebels 7 is consid]$ a contraction = 1 #8prison2' b1 to say ! lea/1 ?is is a violation ( ! critical canon1 :i* bids u pref] ! h>d] read+4 ,t ! d]ivation f 1 #8to turn aside1' h5ce #8revolt]s1' is contr>y to ! po9t+1 is n a valid objection1 because ! ,masorets po9t$ z !y did to expla9 a difficulty2 s also ! ,,lxx41 :o read & 4 ,if possible1 we ought to pres]ve intact ! unpo9t$ text4 ,! exact & lit]al mean+ is1 z ! text /&s1 #8f ! h\se ( ! turn]s-aside1' i4e4 ^? conspirators & wick$ m51 sycophants1 :o w be flatt]+ him to promote _! own int]e/1 & ?is 0 exactly ,solomon's case7 he goes out to reign1 = 7! second 1 ) ! mean+ #8s'7 also 7#8moreov]2' ?is p>ticle1 z we h se51 usually introduces an additional reason1 confirm+ ! "o :i* w5t be=e7 9 8 k+dom is begott5 71 nol$1 a play ^u 1 jel$1 above7 want 7 is pov]ty 9 ! s5se ( indig5ce & meanness2 comp>e #a ,samuel xviii4 #bc1 & ,prov]bs xix4 #a1 #g1 #bb2 z1 h[ev]1 has ! =m ( a concrete1 we mu/ rememb] t x involves ! idea ( a poor man1 h5ce !re is a s>ca/ic ambiguity1 height5$ by allit]ation4 ,take ! ,,lxx4 & ,masorets' s5se1 :i* is m]ely to all[ ! obvi\s play betwe5 & 1 & ! s5tim5t is true1 &1 curi\sly en\gh1 equally corresponds ) ! hi/ory74 80 replac$ ) 80 ,! foll[+ passage is "o ( great difficulty1 b a v c>eful att5tion to its precise word+ & ! equivoke x conta9s1 may p]haps af=d a solution4 #ae ,i consid]$ all ! ,i h obs]v$ ( all lives liv+ :i* walk "u ! :atsoev]1 z !y are sun1 ) ! second *ild progress+ 9 ?is "w-day t %all /& up 9 8 _w1 9 reg>d to any /ead4 successors :i* may arise 9 _! places1 7#ae47 ,i h se5 7#8obs]v$ z matt] ( fact'71 ) respect to all ! lives 7:i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 71 ! proce$+ ones 7p>ticiple1 piel plural ) ! article,,lxx4 occurs "h & ,psalms civ4 #c1 ,prov]bs vi4 #aa2 #8z !y are advanc+' mu/ be ! mean+1 & h5ce ! obs]vation 0 made ) reg>d to ! progress ( ^! lives71 "u ! sun 7t is1 9 ?is /age ( _! exi/5ce2 ! limitation "h is excessively important17 toge!r ) ! *ild 7) ! article1 g5]ic1 & giv+ ! mean+ ( t :i* is #8begott5 ( !m1' ( c\rse *ildr5 prim>ily1 b n exclusively2 ! #8heir' or #8successors' w\ld repres5t ! idea71 ! second 7i4e4 ! imm$iate successor7 :o /&s 9 _! /ead 7plural1 :i* nev]!less ! ,,lxx4 r5d] ' 1 & rightly1 because x is an in/ance ( a di/ributive plural1 ) reg>d to 74 #af ,!re is no end ( all t no result 0 ev] rea*$ ! p1 ev5 ( all t by ! moil+ multitude h be5 be=e !m3 !y 9 ! pa/3 & z to :at also t come aft] %all n succe$s !m1 !y w h rejoice 9 him4 ,surely ?is no e>?ly pleasure 9 also is vanity & vexation t4 ,ano!r in/ance ( ( _s4 evanesc5ce & vex+ ( _s4 7#af47 ,!re is no?+ ( an end 7i4e4 #8result1' occurs *apt] iv4 #h1 #af7 to all ! p 7) ! article1 1 ,,lxx4& 9 ?is book x appe>s z a collective = ! human racesee *apt] xii4 #i71 to all 7repeat$1 h5ce ) ! mean+1 #8t is to all ^?'7 t 7full relative7 7 be=e !m 7b #8be=e' 9 ! s5se ( 9 _! #8pres5ce1' n 9 ! s5se ( #8be=e _! "t'71 moreov] 7introduc+ an additional reason71 ! succe$+ ones7see #b ,*ronicles ix4 #bi1 xii4 #ae1 :i* w give ! exact mean+7 n 7r emphatic f its position1 #8n at all'7 w !y 7i4e4 ! p be=e !m7 rejoice 9 x 7#8x' is a s+ul> foll[+ a plural1 & h5ce a di/ributive1 #8any successor'7 = also ?is is a vanity 7an in/ance ( evanesc5ce7 & vex+ 7n #8vexation1' because ?is comes f )97 ( _s4 ,?us ! s5se is cle>2 x is ! conclusion ( ! argum5t4 ,kohele?'s obs]vation has reg>d to ! progress ( lives 9 relation to any?+ t may or is to be produc$ by !m 9 ! way ( h]itageor1 9 o!r words1 he asks h[ f> ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s c be expla9$ on ! !ory t x is a work+ = po/]ity1 & he %[s t ?is is n an explanation1 = !re is no result obta9$ by ! collective p 9 ! pres5t1 because ea* age is ! same morally z t :i* w5t be=e x2 :ile1 ( c\rse1 ) reg>d to :at is to succe$1 ! pres5t g5]ation _c rejoice 9 t1 because !y w be all dead1 & z ! argum5t is limit$ to :at takes place "u ! sun1 s all s-call$ progress is b an in/ance ( evanesc5ce4 ,! idea1 if n t conta9$ 9 ! obs]vation ( "o :o selfi%ly obs]v$1 :5 reque/$ to c>e = po/]ity1 #8t z po/]ity _h done no?+ = him1 he did n see :y he %\ld d any?+ = po/]ity1' re/s on ! same facts4 ,! s5t5ce also1 x appe>s1 conta9s a rem>kable equivoke4 s\nds v l 1 & ?is division ( ! words w make su* good & pung5t s5se t we c h>dly imag9e t ! equivoke 0 un9t5tional4 ,! equivoke is s\ght to be r5d]$ 9 ! p>aphrase by ! addition ( ! words enclos$ 9 ! brackets4 ,at ?is po9t we come to ano!r division 9 ! book4 ,c]ta9 practical exhortations foll[1 d$uc$ f ! previ\s argum5ts1 conc]n+ human conduct1 "u ! circum/ances above set =?4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,section ,,iv4,practical aphorisms gr\nd$ on ! =ego+4 ,,keep ?y foot :5 ?\ ,,gu>d ?\ ?y /eps z "o goe/ to ! h\se ( ,god1 & :o art walk+ to ! ,h\se ( be m ready to he>1 ?an to ! ,div9ity1 & approa* give ! sacrifice ( fools3 r to he>k5 ?an to give1 = !y consid] n t z ! fools d1 a sacrifice2 !y d evil4 :o d n "k :5 evil is be+ done4 ,v4 7#a47 ,keep ?y feet 7! ,masorets h alt]$ ?is to ! s+ul>1 b )\t suffici5t reason2 yet ! ,,lxx4 support ! ,kri7 z :5 7occurs *apt] v4 #c 7#d71 viii4 #g2 #8z ?\gh' is ! mean+ "h7 ?\ walke/ 7tak+ up ! ^w f ! la/ clause above7 t[>ds ! h\se ( ! ,deity 7! ,,lxx4 r5d]1 ( c\rse correctly z to s5se by ! d\ble article1 #8,?\ art walk+ to ! temple ( a ,div9e ,provid5ce' is ! idea71 & draw+ ne> to he> 7evid5tly #89 ord] to he>'2 h5ce ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 2 "s1 h[ev]1 ) ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 take ?is z an imp]ative1 b ! s5se is bett] pres]v$ by r5d]+ z ! ,,lxx4 d71 m ?an giv+ ( ! befool$ ones 7= we mu/ n lose sight ( ! hiphil =m3 !y are deceiv$ ei!r by !mselves or o!rs7 a sacrifice4 7,! curi\s r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 by no means %[s t !y did n und]/& ! mean+1 or ev5 w\ld h alt]$ ! pres5t po9t+2 fulfils _! conditions ( r5d]+1 :i* is1 if possible1 to pres]ve bo? ! s5se & ! ord]1 #8above ! gift ( fools is ?y sacrifice'74 ,= !y are n ^? in/ruct$ to ! do+ ( 7s ! ,,lxx41 7 evil4 ,! s5t5ce is purposely ambigu\s & equivocal2 x is n cle> at fir/ sight :e!r ! fools are ^? :o d evil1 or :e!r x be ! do+ ( evil g5]ally :i* is ! po9t1 b ! foll[+ w seem to give a fair explanation ( ?is difficult passage4 ,! advice giv5 aft] ! consid]ations above1 is to walk rev]5tly1 & to li/5 to :at ,god's oracle w say1 r ?an d z fools d1(f] a sacrifice to av]t evil1 :i* !y d n aft] all "k to be su*1 & :i*1 if x implies dissatisfaction ) ^! div9e provid5tial arrangem5ts1 is a fooli%1 if n s9ful1 sacrifice4 ,?is is fur!r set =? 9 ! foll[+ v]ses4 8difcult0 replac$ ) 8difficult0 #b ,be n ra% ) ?y ,d n be ha/y ) ?y lips1 m\?1 & let n ?9e he>t nor 9 ?\ght hurry =? a be ha/y to utt] any ?+ ^w aga9/ ! ,almighty1 = be=e ,god3 = ,god is 9 t ,almighty is 9 ! heav51 & ?\ ^u e>?3 heav5s1 & ?\ art ^u ! !re=e let ?y words be e>?3 on ?is acc\nt let ?y few4 words be sp>+4 ,because j z !re comes dream+ ?r\gh #c ,= a dream come? ?r\gh a multitude ( anxieties1 s ! multitude ( bus9ess2 & !re comes ! voice ( a a fool's voice is kn[n by befool$ ?r\gh a multitude ( multitude ( words4 reason+s4 ,or1 ^w4 7#b1 #c47 ,d n ha/5 7! ha/9ess ( vexation1 see ,job iv4 #e1 xxiii4 #ae1 ,psalms vi4 #aj7 ^u ?y m\? 7! preposition is by no means r$undant71 & ?y he>t d n hurry 7! usual ^w d5ot+ ! hurry ( want ( "t4 ,! mean+ !n is1 d n speak1 no1 d n ev5 ?9k1 ha/ily7 to cause to s5d out a ^w 7) ! usual mean+ ( #8a reason to be act$ on'7 be=e ! ,deity1 because ! ,deity 7z ?is is a repetition1 ! ^w becomes emphatic1 #8t ,deity'7 9 ! heav5s & ?\ 7emphatic7 on ! e>?1 !re=e be ?y words a few 7i4e4 dim9i%$ r ?an increas$1 h5ce ! foll[+74 ,= comes ! dream 9 ! multitude ( anxiety1 & a voice ( a befool$ "o 7= x is )\t ! article7 9 ! multitude ( words 7or #8reasons1' z above74 ,! argum5t n[ passes ov] f ra% spee*es to ra% v[s4 ,a v[ is a fav\rite res\rce ) ! fooli% = obta9+ ! accompli%m5t ( _! wi%es3 !y ?9k to bribe ,provid5ce ) gifts & (f]+s4 #d ,:5 ?\ v[e/ a v[ 7#b47 ,%\ld/ ?\ h v[$ unto ,god1 def] n to pay x2 specially to ,god1 d n be = he ha? no pleasure 9 sl[ to pay x2 because !re fools3 pay t :i* ?\ is no provid5ce ) ! ha/ v[$4 befool$ ones3 j :at ?\ ha/ v[$ pay4 7#d47 ,:5 ?\ ha/ v[$ a v[ 7#8,if by any means ?\ ha/ done ?is1' = consid]able emphasis is giv5 by ! repetition ( #8v[1' accord+ to ! well-kn[n ,hebrew idiom7 to ,god1 d n def] to pay x 7! alacrity ) :i* m5 v[ is commonly 9 /rong contra/ ) ! t>d9ess ) :i* !y pay71 because !re is no?+ ( provid5ce 71 ) its usual te*nical mean+1 & also equivocal1 9 ! s5se ( #8pleasure'7 9 befool$ ones3 ) respect to :at ?\ ha/ v[$1 pay 7! ,,lxx4 r5d] #8?\ !n1' b ! emphasis giv5 by may easily acc\nt = ?is74 #e ,bett] is x t ?\ ,= x is bett] t ?\ %\lde/ n v[1 ?an t %\ld/ n v[1 ?an t ?\ %\lde/ v[ & n ?\ %\ld/ be v[+ & n pay4 pay4 7#e47 ,a good is x t ?\ %\ld/ n v[ 7! s5t5ce is ambigu\s1 b ! equivoke is #8?\ had/ bett] n v['71 ?an t ?\ %\ld/ v[ & n pay4 #f ,suff] n ?y m\? ,d n all[ ?y m\? to cause to cause ?y fle% to s92 ?y body to s92 & say n 9 nei!r say ?\ be=e ! ! pres5ce ( ,god's mess5g]1 angel1 t x 0 an error3 #8,x 0 b an inadv]t5ce3' :]e=e %\ld ,god be angry :y %\ld ! ,almighty be at ?y voice1 & de/roy ! angry ) y\r prattle1 & "w ( ?9e h&s8 put an arre/ on ! "w ( y\r h&s8 7#f47 ,d n give ) respect to ?y m\? 7! is n r$undant1 #8d n appo9t1' :i* is ! mean+ ( 71 to cause to make to s9 ) respect to ?y fle% 7! mean+ !n mu/ be1 #8d n s arrange matt]s z to cause ?y m\? to make ?y fle% s91' by1 t is1 pref]r+ ! ease1 pleasure1 ( ! fle% or ! l1 to ! sacrifice caus$ by a r$emption ( ! v[71 & d n say 9 ! pres5ce ( ! angel 7) ! article2 _h ?is be5 notic$ z x ought1 less difficulty w\ld h be5 felt 9 ! int]pretation ( ?is passage2 ! angel is ! mess5g] ( ,provid5ce :o comes to require ! v[1 & :om1 ( c\rse1 ) or )\t suffici5t reason1 ! p]son b\nd by ! v[ expects7 t 77 an error x is3 7see ,leviticus iv4 #b1 #bb1 #bg1 & ,numb]s xv4 #bd1 #be1 #bi2 :5 too ?is passage is comp>$ ) ,leviticus iv4 #b1 we c h no d\bt t "h is ! equival5t ( !re7 :y 7,,lxx4 1 #8s t n'71 %\ld be angry 7,g5esis xl4 #b1 ,deut]onomy i4 #bd7 ! ,deity ov] ?y voice 7,g9sburg1 excell5tly1 #8) ?y prattle'71 & de/roy 7z ?is ^w is us$ to signify ! #8giv+ a pl$ge1' ?is peculi> signification conveys ! idea1 #8de/roy by exact+ a pl$ge1' #8make !e bankrupt by insi/+ ^u paym5t'7 ) respect to ! "w ( y\r h&s8 #g ,= 9 ! multitude ( ,= 9 ! multitude ( dreams dreams & _m words !re & vanities ev5 s reasons are also div]s vanities3 are multipli$ t ,,god is to b fe> ?\ ,god4 be fe>$4 7#g47 ,= 9 a multitude ( dreams 7#8conjectures' probably7 & vanities & reason+s1 ! mu* 7i4e4 ^! reason+s are increas$72 = 7 is repeat$1 & ?is repetition makes x emphatic#8s inde$'7 ) respect to ! ,deity fe>4 ,! probable mean+ is1 #8fe> ,god "u all circum/ances3 vanity & conjectures only increase ! reasons = s do+1'?us is reveal$ ! real conclusion ( ! :ole treatise4 ,kohele? n[ takes up a subject ineffectually discuss$ be=e1 & solves x ) ?is pr9ciple j enunciat$3 ,fe> ,god4 #h ,if ?\ see/ ! 7#c47 ,if viol5t oppression oppression ( ! poor1 & ( ! poor1 & wre/+ viol5t p]v]t+ ( judgm5t ( ju/ice & "r1 %\ld & ju/ice 9 a prov9ce1 be obs]v$ by y 9 a m>vel n at ! matt]3 = jurisdiction1 d n be he t is high] ?an ! surpris$ at ! provid5ce2 highe/ reg>de?2 & !re = ! l(ty are wat*$ by be high] ?an !y4 "o l(ti] /ill1 & ^! l(ty ones aresubjects4 ,hebrew at ! w1 or purpose4 7#h47 ,if oppression ( ! poor 7see *apt] iv4 #a1 #c1 etc471 & wre/+ ( judgm5t & "r1 ?\ see/ 9 a prov9ce 71 ?is has be5 consid]$ a late ^w1 & a sign1 moreov]1 t ! writ] liv$ 9 ! c\ntry & n 9 ! city1 z he says1 *apt] i4 #ab2 b ?\gh x occurs 9 ! lat] ,hebrew #a ,k+s xx4 #ad is ! fir/ in/ance x is q regul>ly =m$1 & is cle>ly 9 place "h71 d n m>vel 7,psalms xlviii4 #f1 ,j]emiah iv4 #i1 to #8be a/oni%$1' #8/ruck ) a/oni%m5t'7 ov] ! provid5ce 7 ) ! article2 ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 9 ?is in/ance1 ! ^w1 h[ev]1 occurs 9 ! te*nical mean+ x has all ?r\gh ! book1 see *apt] iii4 #a1 v4 #d 7#c772 = high f above ! high 7:i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d] ^w = ^w1 7 keeps & high ones above !m 7! s5t5ce is enigmatic1 p]haps prov]bial1 ?\gh ! mean+ is cle>4 ,is x possible t a play 0 int5d$ betwe5 & 1 ,leviticus v4 #ae1 a #8transgression1' be+ tak5 9 ! mean+ ( swell+ up1 ?us#8,increas+ transgression is increas+ reg>d8' ,9 ! same way ! at ! end ( w\ld unite ) ! ^w foll[+ 9 utt]ance1 & s help ! equivoke74 #i ,moreov] ! pr(it ( ,& besides1 ! e>? is = all3 ! k+ himself is s]v$ by ! 7i47 ,! produce ( ! e>? field4 is all 9 all3 a k+ is a subject to ! field4 7#i47 ,& ! pr(it 7z ?is is jo9$ by a conjunction ) ! =m]1 we mu/ look ^u x z a fur!r argum5t 9 ! same *a9 ( reason+2 ! mean+ w !n be #8& besides ! produce'7 ( e>? 7n ! e>?1 ! article is want+7 9 all 7! ,,lxx4 r5d] ?is by ) a dative1 h5ce !y und]/ood ! preposition "h to mean #8= all1' :i* our v]sion foll[s7 x is 7fem99e1 9 close apposition !re=e ) ! n\n1 b ?is n\n mu/ be 1 :i* is fem99e1 & ! mean+ is t x exi/s subjectively1 or is always !re play+ its "p7 a k+ 7aga91 n ! k+3 any k+1 !re=e1 h[ev] great1,solomon himself1 or any o!r7 to a field 7aga91 n ! field1 equival5t to "s field2 ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by ! simple g5itive7 is s]v$ 7niphal2 ?is occurs only twice 9 ! pa/ t5se1 "h & at ,ezekiel xxxvi4 #i1 bo? 9 ! s5se ( till+2 & ! niphal future twice1 at ,deut]onomy xxi4 #d & ,ezekiel xxxvi4 #cd1 aga9 ) ! same mean+no d\bt is us$ ) ! signification #8to s]ve g5]ally' 9 a va/ numb] ( places4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t a niphal is n exactly ! same z a passive1 b has an objective signification1 s t x is (t5 ne>] 9 mean+ to ! ,greek middle voice ?an our passive4 ,be>+ ?is 9 m9d1 we c h no fur!r d\bt ov] ?is passage z to its pr9cipal scope1#8! k+ is s]v$ (1' or #8a subject to ! field4' ,! idea is t ! v highe/ are really 9 a /ate ( abject dep5d5cea s+le day's />vation w\ld h be5 suffici5t to h br\ght to ! du/ ,solomon or ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,! o!r possible r5d]+1 t #8! k+ is s]v$ by ! field1' is only ! o!r side ( ! same tru?1 & ! s5t5ce is equivocal1 be+ +5i\sly con/ruct$ s z to read ei!r way74 #aj ,he t love? silv] 7ii47 ,a lov] ( money no %all n be satisfi$ ) money ev] satisfi$2 & silv]2 nor he t love? :o t lov$ pr(usion abundance ) increase3 ?is ev] _h suffici5t income8 is also vanity4 ,ano!r in/ance ( ! evanesc5t4 7#aj47 ,lov+ silv] 7! ,masorets po9t z a p>ticiple1 b h[ev] correct ?is may be1 ! p>ticipial notion is 9 ,ecclesia/es app>5tly n s prom95t1 z x is :5 ! poel is us$ writt5 full7 n satisfies 7i4e4 z ! nom9ative foll[s1 #8%all n be satisfi$ )'7 silv] 7silv] is d\bl$ "h1 & us$ ( c\rse 9 ! s5se ( money! mean+ be+ t #8a lov] ( money no money ev] satisfies'71 & :o lov+ 9 a multitude 7i4e4 sett+ 8 desires 9 a multitude ( goods1 or any?+ else7 n 7b ! ,,lxx4 9 place ( possibly read 1 #8to him1' & ?is makes f> bett] & m pung5t s5se#8to him' emphatic w !n be ! mean+7 a rev5ue 7,numb]s xviii4 #cj1 ,deut]onomy xxxiii4 #ad1 ,prov]bs iii4 #ad1 xviii4 #bj2 or1 /ill bett]1 = ! ^w is d]iv$ f ! root 1 #8to come1' #8an income4' ,?us x is se5 t ! two clauses are aim$ respectively aga9/ nigg>dl9ess & extravagance4 ,! mis] & ! sp5d?rift bo? nev] h en\gh72 also ?is is vanity 7ano!r in/ance ( ! transitory & evanesc5t1 z inde$ x is1 because ^! ri*es look satisfactory & are n74 #aa ,:5 goods increase1 !y 7iii47 ,z prop]ty increases1 are increas$ t eat !m3 s increases consumption & :at good is !re to too2 & :at success !n ! own]s !re(1 sav+ ! has own]%ip1 b j ! behold+ ( !m ) _! "r ( behold+ x8 eyes8 7#aa47 ,9 ! multitudes ( ! good 7an ab/ract1 ) ! article1 & h5ce ! mean+ is #8,9 ! v increase ( ! prop]ty itself1 & z x increases1' ?is be+ ! mean+ ( ! plural1 :i* is di/ributive7 multiply ! eat+s ( x 7or1 = ! may be consid]$ p>agogic1 & s mak+1 z x 71 an ab/ract ( ! poel p>ticiple1 #8consum]s'71 & :at is ! success 71 see ii4 #ba1 ref]5ces7 to ! own]s ( x 7i4e4 to own]%ip71 except see+ 71 ?is ! ,masorets alt] to 1 b unnecess>ily1 = !re is a slight diff]5ce 9 ! s5se "h1 :i* w acc\nt = ! unusual grammatical =m2 a causative or hiphil notion is impli$ by x2 h5ce ! ,,lxx4 1 #8! priority to see1'7 8 eyes8 7i4e4 ea* "o ) 8 eyes1 s+ul> foll[+ plural74 #ab ,! sleep ( a lab\r+ 7iv47 ,h[ sweet is ! sleep man is sweet1 :e!r he ( ! slave1 if a little1 eat little or mu*3 b ! or if mu* he eats3 b a abundance ( ! ri* w n suffici5cy to "o :o is suff] him to sleep4 enri*$does n cause re/ to him s t he sleeps4 7#ab47 ,sweet 7b ! p>ticipial =m ( ! n\n mu/ n be ov]look$1 nor ! fem99e t]m9ation1 equival5t to a #8sweetness1'7 is ! sleep ( ! slave 7#8( ! toil]1' ) ! article71 if a little1 or if ! mu* he eats 7!re is a peculi> =ce 9 contra/+ #8! mu*1' 1 ) ! article1 ) )\t x2 ev5 if he %\ld eat to ! mu* i4e4 z l>ge a quantity z he c x w d him no h>m3 no nightm>e w tr\ble him :o has e>n$ 8 he>ty meal by 8 h>d "w71 b ! satisfaction 7z contra/$ ) 7 to ! enri*$ x is n t :i* is caus+ re/ 7hiphil p>ticiple7 to him 7emphatic7 to sleep 7an equivoke "h is to be f\nd 9 & 1 rememb]+ t 1 #8sev51' is us$ s commonly = #8complet5ess1' & 1 #8t51' z #8ri*' & #8ov]fl[+2' sev5 ) t5 has a peculi> mean+ 9 ! symbolism ( numb]s74 #ac ,!re is a sore evil 7v47 ,!re is ?is evil :i* ,i h se5 "u ! infirmity :i* ,i h sun1 namely1 ri*es kept = obs]v$ 9 ?is "w-day ! own]s !re( to _! _w3 ,ri*es kept by an hurt4 own] to 8 own injury2 7#ac47 ,!re is an evil 7ab/ract1 a p>ticul> k9d ( evil71 a sickness 7ano!r ab/ract7 ,i h se5 "u ! sunweal? keep+ to 7i4e4 be+ kept by7 its possessors to _! hurt4 #ad ,b ^? ri*es p]i% = ! weal? itself by evil travail3 & he p]i%es 9 an unc]ta9ty begette? a son1 & !re :i* is di/ress+3 s is no?+ 9 8 h&4 t :5 he begets an heir1 he has 9 8 h& j no?+ at all4 7#ad47 ,& p]i%es1 t ri*es1 t same 7z we %\ld say1 #8^? v same ri*es'7 9 an unc]ta9ty 71 ano!r in/ance ( ?is ^w2 we see t 9 ?is case also see *apt] i4 #ac1 ref]5ces1 ! mean+ #8anxi\s unc]ta9ty' exactly suits ! context71 :i* is an evil 7?is anxi\s c>e1 in/ead ( do+ any good1 is b a simple mis*ief71 & he is caus$ to beget a son 7to :om1 ( c\rse1 he w\ld h wi%$ to bequea? 8 weal?71 & !re is no?+ 9 8 h& at all 7:i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by a d\ble negative1 & h5ce we mu/ r5d] #8& has 9 8 h& ev5 no?+ at all'74 #ae ,z he came =? ( 8 ,= nak$ z :5 he came "m's womb1 nak$ %all he =? f ! womb ( return to g z he came1 & 8 "m does he g out %all take no?+ ( 8 ( ! _w aga92 & lab\r1 :i* he may c>ry no?+ :atev] does he away 9 8 h&4 take f 8 c>e1 :i* he c hold 9 8 h&4 7#ae47 ,& z he came out f ! womb ( 8 "m nak$ 7:i* is res]v$ to ! end ( ! clause1 mak+ x emphatic2 x is moreov] writt5 full1 s t a slight additional emphasis is giv5 by ?is to ! #8/ate ( nak$ness' exi/+71 he returns to g back 7some:at /rong] ?an goes backhe comes to ?is /ate ?r\gh int]m$iate /ages7 j z he came 7#8z he 0 at ! fir/1 s n[ is he at ! la/'71 & no?+ at all does he n lift up 7,g5esis vii4 #ag1 #8be>' z a burd57 9 8 toil 7z we say1 #8h = 8 pa9s1' obs]v+ ! mean+ ( 1 n ! lab\r b ! anxiety :i* causes1 or results f1 ! lab\r7 :i* he takes 9 8 h&4 #af ,& ?is also is a sore ,moreov]1 9 ?is is evil1 t 9 all po9ts z discov]$ t evil he came1 s %all he g3 & infirmity1 t precisely :at pr(it ha? he t ha? z he began1 s does lab\r$ = ! w9d8 he leave (f2 & :at possible advantage c !re be1 t he toil$ = ! w9d8 7#af47 ,&1 moreov]1 ?is same evil sickness1 all ov] aga9/ 7 occurs z two words "h only2 is ! ord9>y =m1 x has ! mean+ ( #8aga9/1' #8ov] aga9/1' see ,exodus xxv4 #bg1 #b ,samuel xvi4 #ac2 x has be5 propos$ to read 1 9 :i* case ! mean+ w be z 9 ! above#8precisely z1' ,,lxx4 1 b ?is is to a c]ta9 ext5t to cut ! knot r ?an untie x4 ,n[ occurs sep>ately "h only1 & if really exi/s1 x is a n\n fem99e 9 regim52 n[ ! mean+ ( 1 :i* is pres5t$ bo? 9 #8p' & 9 ! preposition #8)1' gives evid5tly some?+ #8collect$' or #8ga!r$1' h5ce w\ld mean a #8collection' or #8in/ance1' & #8collection' or #8in/ance (1' & !n ! exact mean+ ( w be #8e in/ance ( 8 go+'71 :i* he comes 7close relative1 ! reason ( :i* is n[ suffici5tly evid5t1 mean+1 #8j z he comes2' he simply goes r\nd 9 a circle )\t accompli%+ any?+1 or returns back on 8 own track 9 e in/ance7 s 7emphatic1 /&+ ap>t f its n\n1 equal #8j s'7 does he g1 & :at pr(it to him :o has toil$ 7close relative aga91 #89 t he has toil$'7 to ! w9d8 7:i*1 see *apt] i4 #f1 returns back aga9 z x did be=e4 #8,to' is "h n exactly ! same z #8l to1' b v ne> x2 b p]haps also because 8 toil or c>e is to 8 _s1 z x has no effect o!rwise47 #ag ,all 8 days also he ,moreov]1 all 8 days he eate? 9 d>kness1 & he consumes 9 d>kness3 8 ha? mu* sorr[ & wra? disappo9tm5t is v ) 8 sickness4 great inde$3 he has sickness & is sorry4 7#ag47 ,moreov]1 all 8 days 9 d>kness 7=1 ( c\rse1 all ?is "t he has nev] any idea :i* way he 0 really go+1 or :at he is do+7 he eats 7or consumes71 & disappo9tm5t is ! mu* 7or is multipli$71 & 8 sickness & wra? 7 is t k9d ( wra? :i* arises f ang] ) a p]son on acc\nt ( some?+ wrong4 ,?is mis]able life is summ$ up1 x appe>s1 9 f\r p>ticul>s7#a47 ,all 8 days he eats 9 d>kness2 7#b47 ! vexation ( disappo9tm5t consumes him2 7#c47 he is sick1 or r1 9 ?is g5]al s5se1 he is afflict$2 7#d47 he is angry1 = ^? mi/akes & disappo9tm5ts47 #ah ,behold t :i* ,i ,manife/1 !n1 is t real h se53 x is good & good :i* ,i h obs]v$1 comely = "o to eat & to viz41 t x is prop] to eat1 dr9k1 & to enjoy ! good & to dr9k1 & s to see ( all 8 lab\r t he good 9 all "o's toil :i* take? "u ! sun all ! "o may toil 9 ?is hot days ( 8 life1 :i* ,god "w-day _w1 z ! tale ( give? him3 = x is 8 "o's daily life4 ,= ?is is portion4 :at ,god gives1 & ?is is "o's own possession4 ,hebrew !re is a good :i* is comely1 etc4 ,hebrew ! numb] ( ! days4 7#ah47 ,behold 7= ?is introduces ! manife/ result ( 8 obs]vation7 t :i* ,i h se51 ev5 ,i myself 7! result !re=e ( 8 own p]sonal exp]i5ce71 a real good2 :i* also 7! full relative "h has ?is mean+1 because x is repeat$7 is suitable to ! eat+ 7i4e4 active enjoym5t71 to ! dr9k+ 7:i* is passive71 & to ! see+ ( goodness 7! lam$ is repeat$ be=e ea* full inf9itive1 & ! ab/ract foll[s1 :i* !re=e gives ! mean+ t :at he _h obs]v$ 01 #8t x 0 prop] t "o %\ld eat1 or "o %\ld dr9k1 or %\ld see good 91' etc41 i4e4 any or all ( ^!72 & 7repeat$1 mean+ #8& also'7 9 all 8 toil :i* 7contract$ relative7 he toils ov] 7toil is ?us made v emphatic1 ! mean+ is1 #8= :i* "o s e>ne/ly or unceas+ly toils1' = obs]ve also1 z no nom9ative is express$1 ! v]b is imp]sonal7 "u ! sun ! numb] 7! root has ! mean+ to c\nt or enum]ate1 h5ce ! idea #8z "o is c\nt+ "o's days'7 ( ! days ( 8 life :i* gives to him 7emphatic7 ! ,deity 7nom9ative foll[+ v]b1 ) ! usual %ade ( mean+71 because x is 8 portion 7i4e4 :at belongs to him1 b 9 ! future he has no portion1 t no man has any "r ov]74 #ai ,e man also to :om ,& beside1 %\ld ! ,almighty ,god ha? giv5 ri*es & appo9t to any individuals weal?1 & ha? giv5 him ( ! human race1 ri*es1 p[] to eat !re(1 & possessions1 & ! p[] to take 8 portion1 & to to enjoy !m1 & s to make rejoice 9 8 lab\r2 ?is use ( _! possessions1 & is ! gift ( ,god4 rejoice 9 _! toil?is is simply a ,div9e appo9tm5t4 7#ai47 ,moreov]1 all ! man 7i4e4 e "o ( ! human race consid]$ collectively & 9 ! ab/ract7 :i* gives to him 7equival5t to "o to :om7 ,god 7gives or appo9ts7 weal? & ri*es1 & x is caus$ him to h p[] 9 ord] to eat 7:i* we h se5 is us$ z ! highe/ type ( enjoym5t 9 ! active s5se7 ( x1 & to take 8 portion 7= a man may possess )\t be+ able to eat or enjoy at all1 h5ce ! necessity = ?is clause 9 ! c\rse ( ! argum5t2 has ! mean+ to #8lift up1' #8c>ry1' or #8be>'71 & to rejoice 9 8 toil 7:i*consid]+ ! exact mean+ assign$ 9 ?is book to 1 ! #8c>e' "o takes 9 "o's lab\rto rejoice 9 is to see x come to a successful end72 ?is same 7! ,masorets put "h a /rong disjunctive acc5t7 a gift ( ,god x is4 #bj ,= he %all n mu* ,= ! memory ( ! days ( rememb] ! days ( 8 life2 ! pa/ life is n ( mu* because ,god answ]e? him 9 importance2 b ! ,almighty ! joy ( 8 he>t4 r ex]cises m5 9 _! pres5t emotions4 ,or1 ?\gh he give n mu*1 yet he rememb]e?1 etc4 7#bj47 ,= n ! mu* he rememb]s 7b z no nom9ative prec$es or foll[s1 ! v]b is imp]sonal7 ! days ( 8 life1 & = 7! second introduc+ a reason 9 addition to & confirmatory ( ! fir/7 ! ,deity answ]s 7?is is ! only place 9 :i* ! p>ticiple hiphil occurs2 9 "o o!r place ! p>ticiple pual,isaiah liii4 #d1 :i* diff]s only f ! hiphil 9 its po9t+1 occurs evid5tly 9 ! s5se ( #8afflict$1' :i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 1 #89 affliction4' ,! future hiphil is us$ at #a ,k+s viii4 #ce & #b ,*ronicles vi4 #bf1 p>allels1 & is translat$ #8?\ do/ afflict !m4' ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ! mean+1 z po9t$ out by ,zckl]1 & :i* ! ,,lxx4 confirm1 seems to be1 #8he>s !m by v\*saf+2' & z ?is answ] is pa9ful or joyful1 z ! case may be1 & m usually ! =m]1 #8ex]cises' w\ld be a suitable r5d]+7 9 ! joy ( 7or by means ( ! joy1 1 ( ! in/rum5t2 x is an ab/ract 9 regim51 #89 ! joy\sness' or #8rejoic+s ('7 8 he>t4 ,?us1 !n1 ! two reasons giv5 /& relat$ ?us3 ,pres5t gratification is ! lot ( humanity1 because ! pa/ is n mu* rememb]$4 ,! *ief remembrance= ?is is ! mean+ ( is n 9 ! pa/4 ,! deepe/ sorr[s fade away quickly into =getfulness2 & s also ! brighte/ joys4 ,!y h1 no d\bt1 "s influ5ce by recollection1 b n mu*4 ,& ?us ! ,deity1 or ,god reg>d$ z ! supreme provid5tial rul]1 ex]cises u4 ,he responds to our anxieties1 afflicts u1 or *a/5s u1 or causes u pleasure by means ( joys giv5 or tak5 away1 z ! case may be4 ,aga91 ^! are spok5 ( z joys ( our he>ts1 or ( our inw>d desires & consci\sness1 :i* is ! mean+ ( #8he>t' 9 ?is book2 our emotional nature1 z ! idea w\ld /& express$ 9 ! nom5clature ( mod]n philosophy4 8,zkl]0 replac$ ) 8,zckl]0 = consi/5cy ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,!re is an evil :i* ,i ,,!re is ano!r evil :i* ,i h se5 "u ! sun1 & h obs]v$ 9 ?is "w-day x is common among m53 _w1 & a common "o is x ^u mank9d3 ,,vi4 7#a47 ,!re is 7exi/s7 an evil :i* ,i h se5 "u ! sun1 & common 7lit]ally #8mu*'7 x is 7fem99e emphatic7 ov] ! man 7i4e4 mank9d 9 g5]al74 #b ,a man to :om ,god ha? "o :o has appo9t$ to giv5 ri*es1 weal?1 & him by ! ,almighty ri*es1 hon\r1 s t he wante? possessions1 & hon\r1 & no?+ = 8 s\l ( all !re is no?+ lack+ to him t he desire?1 yet ,god :i* he c\ld possibly desire2 give? him n p[] to eat & yet ! ,almighty ,himself !re(1 b a /rang] eate? does n all[ him to h x3 ?is is vanity1 & x any enjoym5t ( x2 b is an evil disease4 "s /rang] or o!r enjoys x4 ,?is is an in/ance ( evanesc5ce1 & an infirmity :i* is inde$ an evil4 7#b7 ,a man 71 n 1 = x is equival5t to our #8"o' indef9itely71 :i* gives to him 7emphatic7 ! ,deity 7"o to :om ! ,deity gives1 t is7 ri*es1 & possessions 7*apt] v4 #ai71 & hon\r1 & he is n lack+ to 8 s\l ( all :i* he desires 7! expression is peculi>1 & is design$ to br+ into prom95ce ! fact t to ?is p]son no?+ at all is lack+2 z we say1 #8he wants = no?+'7 & n causes to him p[]1 does ! ,deity to eat 79 ! usual s5se ( #8enjoy' or #8use'7 f x1 = a man 7aga9 1 #8"o'71 a /rang]1 eats x 7equival5t to #8"s /rang] or ano!r really enjoys x'74 ,?is is vanity & sickness1 :i* is an evil1 7inde$7 x is4 #c ,if a man beget an ,suppose "o 7 to beget a hundr$ *ildr51 & live hundr$ *ildr51 & he %\ld _m ye>s1 s t ! days h _m ye>s1 yes1 _m ( 8 ye>s be _m1 & 8 inde$ may be ! days ( 8 s\l be n fill$ ) good1 ye>s1 & 8 s\l n & also t he h no satisfi$ ) good1 & he burial2 ,i say1 t an h no burial1,i %\ld say1 untimely bir? is bett] t bett] (f ?an su* an ?an he4 "o is an abortion4 7#c47 ,if is caus$ to beget a man 7aga9 1 #8%\ld "o beget'7 a hundr$ 7*ildr5 is to be suppli$1 b n prom95tly2 begett+ is us$ 9 its wide/ s5se71 & ye>s _m 7plural1 equival5t to #8ye>s1 & _m ( !m'7 %\ld live1 & _m 7s+ul>7 :i* !y are ! days ( 8 ye>s 7#8& ! days ( 8 ye>s %\ld be ev] s _m1' 8 life be+ express$ bo? 9 days & ye>s to give /rong prom95ce to ! fact ( its duration71 & 8 s\l n satisfi$ f out ( ! good 7! ab/ract ) ! article1 h5ce equival5t to our #8good1' /&+ alone71 & moreov] burial 7! ab/ract ( ! pa/ p>ticiple1 us$1 ( c\rse1 z ! place ( burialsee ,g5esis xxxv4 #bj1 xlvii4 #cj1 b ) a %ade ( diff]5ce f comp>e ,g5esis xlvii4 #cj ) ,g5esis l4 #e1 = "h1 too1 we notice t is writt5 full71 is n to be to him 7emphatic4 ,to h no burial1 no "o to lam5t him or erect a tomb ov] himto be worse (f ?an ,jehoiakim1 ,j]emiah xxii4 #ai1 :o _h ! burial ( an assis su* a t]rible failure to a man :o _h possess$ a hundr$ *ildr51 ( :om "s at lea/ might h %[n him ?is la/ hon\r1 t x may well be cit$ z an in/ance ( failure ( human felicity71 ,i say a good bett] ?an 8 7emphatic7 is ! abortion 7i4e4 t abortion is a bett] lot74 #d ,= he come? 9 ) ,= 9 evanesc5ce x beg9s1 vanity1 & dep>te? 9 & 9 d>kness dep>ts1 & d>kness1 & 8 "n %all its "n 9 t d>kness is be cov]$ ) d>kness4 conceal$2 ,,x has n se5 light2 ,,he has n kn[n re/2 #e ,moreov] he ha? n se5 ! "o is no bett] ?an ! ! sun1 nor kn[n any ?+3 o!r4 ?is ha? m re/ ?an ! o!r4 7#d1 #e47 ,= 9 vanity he comes1 & 9 d>kness he goes1 & 9 d>kness 7repeat$1 equival5t1 !re=e1 to #89 t d>kness'7 8 "n is cov]$2 moreov] ! sun n se5 7:i* is ! lot ( ! abortion71 & n kn[+ re/ 7! lot ( ! p]son "h spok5 (71 to ?is !re is no m ?an t4 ,! ,masorets1 h[ev]1 by _! acc5tuation1 %[ t !y und]/ood ! v]se some:at diff]5tly4 ,!y r5d]1 #8a sun he does n see & does n "k2 ! re/ ( ?is is m ?an t2' b ?is r5d]+ is obscure & clumsy1 & makes ! words #8does n "k' sup]flu\s1 besides int]rupt+ ! argum5t4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] v]batim3 1 :i* is cle> en\gh ) ! ,hebrew be=e u1 b is q un9telligible )\t x1 h5ce ! text has be5 attempt$ to be am5d$ 9 v>i\s ways 7see ,/i] & ,!ile's ,polyglot74 #f ,yea1 ?\gh he live a ,suppose he _h ev5 liv$ a ?\s& ye>s twice told1 ?\s& ye>s twice ov]1 & yet ha? he se5 no good3 d se5 no good 9 !m1 does he n all g to "o place8 n arrive at altoge!r ! same result z abortion8 7#f47 ,& if 7?is p>ticle occurs ,e/h] vii4 #d only1 equival5t to 1 b common 9 lat] ,hebrew & ,*aldee4 ,x is "o ( ^? words f :i* _m critics inf] a late date to ?is book2 b is x n us$ = ! sake ( ! allit]ation ) bel[87 he liv$ a ?\s& ye>s twice told1 & goodness n se5 7z !re is no nom9ative express$1 ^! v]bs are 9 ! nature ( imp]sonals1 & express ! fact g5]ally71 is x n to a place :i* is ! same 7lit]ally #8"o'7 ! :ole 7i4e4 ! totality ( su* p]sons7 is go+8 #g ,all ! lab\r ( man is ,all ! toil ( humanity is = 8 m\?1 & yet ! = ! gratification ( appetite is n fill$4 appetite1 & yet ! desires are nev] satisfi$4 ,hebrew s\l4 7#g47 ,e toil ( ! man 7i4e4 humanity7 is to 8 m\? 7rememb]+ ! mean+ ( 1 ! s5se is cle>2 ! anxiety ( m5 is direct$ to _! m\?s1 to satisfy physical or moral hung]71 & besides ! s\l 7i4e4 ! self1 ! ego1 z metaphysicians write7 is n fill$ 7i4e4 satisfi$1 or fills itself74 #h ,= :at ha? ! wise ,:at pr(it !n is !re to m ?an ! fool8 :at ha? ! wise above ! befool$8 ! poor1 t kn[e? to walk simply t :i* x is to a be=e ! liv+8 man 9 di/ress to ma9ta9 himself 9 ! pres5ce ( ! liv+4 7#h47 ,= :at is pr(it+ to ! wise beyond ! befool$8 :at 7repeat$1 #8ev5 :at'7 to ! poor 7b #8poor' 9 ! s5se ( oppress$ or un=tunate7 made to "k to walk 9 ! pres5ce ( ! liv+ ones8 ,we mu/ notice1 9 expla9+ ?is v obscure passage1 t 1 be+ ) ! article1 mu/ be look$ ^u z d5ot+ lives g5]ally2 moreov] has ! mean+ ( #89 ! pres5ce (1' #8among/1' #89 ! mid/ (4' ,?us ! advantage1 or t :i* is really pr(itable to ! wise1 is to "k h[ to walk1 proce$1 or act2 to "k :i* way to g 9 ! pres5ce ( ! liv+2 9 :at way1 !re=e1 to direct himself ?r\gh life & among/ its pleasures & difficulties1 s z to make no mi/akes z ! befool$ does4 ,?us we obta9 a connect$ s5se4 ,! anxiety is = enjoym5t1 b satisfaction is impossible4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! advantage or pr(it ( wisdom1 9 ! s5se ( kn[+ :at is be/ to d "u a giv5 set ( circum/ances8 & :at advantage gives x ov] ! man :o is dissatisfi$ equally1 b does n "k ?is8 ,! answ] is1 ,j ! same z to a man 9 di/ress1 :o c manage to live4 ,exi/5ce itself is ! /ruggle = life2 b ! wise rise to ! top1 & ! fools s9k4 #i ,bett] is ! sight ( ,good is a sight ) "o's eyes ! eyes ?an ! w&]+ above a long+ = "o kn[s ( ! desire3 ?is is also n :at3 ano!r in/ance ?is vanity & vexation ( _s4 ( evanesc5ce & vexation ( _s4 ,hebrew walk+ ( ! s\l4 7#i47 ,good is ! see+ ( ! eyes above ! walk+ ! s\l 7b ! p>ticiple is s+ul>1 & eyes are plural1 h5ce #8bett] is a sight ) ! eye ?an1' etc4 ,b may n !re be ?is equivoke8 might be a p>ticiple also1 & !n ! :ole w\ld read ?us1 #8,a real good1 ! see+ ( ! eye1 ! w&]+ ( ! s\l'74 ,moreov]1 ?is is vanity & vexation ( _s 7?is clause be+ 9 ?is case ! answ] to ! above4 ,s curt & enigmatical a s5t5ce 0 no d\bt 9 "s way int5d$ to be equivocal74 #aj ,t :i* ha? be5 is ,:at !n is t :i* nam$ already1 & x is kn[n w be8 ,! pres5t /ate t x is man3 nei!r may ( ?+s1 call$ by its true he cont5d ) him t is "n1 & kn[n :at x really mighti] ?an he4 is,old ,adam1 unable to obta9 a decision 9 a cause ) a ,p[] sup]ior to himself4 7#aj47 ,:at is t :i* w be8 ,! pres5t 7comp>e *apt] i4 #aj1 ref]5ces7 is call$ its "n 7to be call$ by its "n is ( c\rse equival5t to our #8accurately describ$'71 & x is kn[n 7subjectively7 :at x is 7emphatic71 ev5 man 7b "h )\t ! article1 an #8in/ance' !n ( #8an ,adam' or human p]son71 & n able to decide ) ! mighti] ?an he 7emphatic1 1 ,psalms l4 #d1 ,isaiah iii4 #ac2 ?is ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion r5d]s rightly #8to cont5d )1' because has ! mean+ ( #8judge' 9 ! s5se ( #8decide 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice4' occurs ,job xiv4 #bj1 xv4 #bd1 & *apt] iv4 #ab1 & z an adjective 9 ! hiphil =m "h only4 ,! ,masorets notice t ! is sup]flu\s2 b ?is c\ld only h be5 because !y did n see1 z ! ,,lxx4 did :o add ! article 1 #8! /rong'1 t x means #8! /rong "o' g5]ically2 #8:at is /rong]1' z we say1 or1 notic+ ! hiphil =m1 #8:at is made /rong]1' & :i* is cle>ly man's de/9y1 decid$ by an ov]rul+ provid5ce :i* he _c escape74 8xvi0 replac$ ) 8xv0 #aa ,see+ !re be _m ,= !re are numb]less ?+s t increase vanity1 reasons1 & !y only :at is man ! bett]8 increase ! demon/ration ( evanesc5ce1 & t !re c\ld be no pr(it to humanity4 7#aa47 ,= !re exi/ words 7reason+s1 9 ! te*nical use ( ! ^w 9 ?is book7 ! mu* 7i4e4 to ! full7 multiply+ vanity1 :at is ! pr(it+ to humanity8 ,! mean+ seems to be t !re c\ld be adduc$ a /ill great] numb] ( reasons1 all ( :i* w\ld %[ t human life 0 evanesc5t2 b :at is ! pr(it1 or use1 ( /at+ !m to humanity1 or br++ !m =w>d8 & z naturally ref]s to 1 ! ne>e/ nom9ative1 x mu/ be tak5 z a di/ributive s+ul>2 s t ?is int]pretation is ! simple/ ! gramm> ( ! passage admits4 #ab ,= :o kn[e? :at is ,= no "o c tell :at is good = man 9 ?is life1 a real good to mank9d 9 any all ! days ( 8 va9 life life3 t life be+ a numb] :i* he sp5de? z a %ad[8 ( evanesc5t days1 :i* = :o c tell a man :at he sp5ds z a %ad[1 & %all be aft] him "u ! ( :i* no "o c tell to sun8 any man :at %all result to him9 ?is hot "w-day ,hebrew ! numb] ( ! _w4 days ( ! life ( 8 vanity4 7#ab47 ,= 7ano!r additional reason7 :o kn[s :at is a good to man 9 8 lives 71 foll[$ by plural1 #8lives1' 9 any life1 !re=e71 ! numb] ( ! days ( 8 life 7i4e4 z he passes ! days ( t life71 8 vanity 7t evanesc5t life ( 871 & he makes !m z a %ad[ 7! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 b ?is may be ad s5sum only1 n because !y read diff]5tly7 :i* 7full relative1 because ! :ole idea is ref]r$ to1 x may be be/ r5d]$ #8because'7 :o 7repeat$1 & s giv+ emphasis7 tells to man :at %all be aft] him 7i4e4 :at %all succe$ him7 "u ! sun4 ,! limitation is necess>y1 & especially "h1 z ?is passage closes ! argum5t ?us f>4 ,:at is to foll[ is 9 ! nature ( deta*$ & p>adoxical aphorisms1 illu/rat+ ^! tru?s3 !y are "s ( ^! _m argum5ts demon/rat+ human evanesc5ce & transitor9ess1 b /at$ less =mally ?an h]et(ore4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,section ,,iv4 cont9u$4 ,provid5tial ,p>adoxes lead+ up to ! conclusion1 ,fe> ,god4 ,a ,,good "n is bett] ?an 7#a47 ,,good is a "n1 7#b47 good preci\s o9tm5t2 & ! day m ?an spik5>d's fame2 & ( dea? ?an ! day ( "o's a dea?day is bett] ?an "o's bir?4 bir?day4 ,,vii4 7#a47 ,good is a "n1 above o9tm5t good 7!re is an allit]ation "h :i* gives great pung5cy to ! s5t5ce4 ,! ,masorets comm5ce ?is p>agraph ) a l>ge lett]4 ,! ,jews h discov]$ _m my/]ies 9 ^! lett]s1 b "h1 p]haps1 x is suffici5t reason to allege t a new division ( ! subject beg9s72 & ! day 7b )\t ! article7 ( ! dea? above ! day ( 8 bir? 7equival5t to "o's bir?1 = !re is no nom9ative express$4 ,"s h rem>k$ t ! second clause be+ connect$ by a conjunction ) ! fir/1 is to be look$ ^u z conta9+ a consequ5ce ( ! fact /at$ 9 ! fir/2 :i* is q true if n press$ too f>4 ,possibly ! idea might be pres5t$ ?us ,all ! o9tm5t's co/ly fame ,is n s good z a good "n1 ,& ?us x comes t dead sa9ts die ,9 od\r ( sweet sanctity74 #b ,x is bett] to g to 7#c47 ,good is x to g to ! ! h\se ( m\rn+1 ?an to h\se ( m\rn+1 r ?an g to ! h\se ( fea/+3 to g to ! h\se ( fea/+2 = t is ! end ( all because !re9 is ! end m52 & ! liv+ w lay ( e human ?+1 & ! x to 8 he>t4 liv+ %\ld lay x to 8 he>t4 7#b47 ,good is x to g to ! h\se ( m\rn+1 m ?an to g to ! h\se ( fea/+1 9 :i* 7full relative7 is 7emphatic7 ! end ( all ! man 7! end ( all humanity g5]ally3 e real biography is a trag$y & ends ) a dea?71 & ! liv+ "o w give x to 8 he>t4 #c ,sorr[ is bett] ?an 7#d47 ,good is disappo9tm5t laught]3 = by ! sadness above laught]2 = by spoil+ ( ! c\nt5ance ! he>t ! features ! he>t is is made bett]4 improv$4 ,or1 ang]4 7#c47 ,good is vexation 7! vexation ( disappo9tm5tsee *apt] i4 #ah1 ref]5ces7 above laught]2 = 9 ! evil 7concrete1 & !re=e an evil or di/ortion7 ( ! faces 7plural1 b is s g5]ally1 z ! face is d\ble7 is bett]$ 7a pe4 jud v]b1 ) d\ble jud7 ! he>t4 ,i ?9k ! equivoke "h is1 #8! worse "o looks1 ! bett] "o gets4' #d ,! he>t ( ! wise is ,t he>t ( ! wise :i* is 9 ! h\se ( m\rn+2 b 9 ! h\se ( ! m\rn+1 ! he>t ( fools is 9 ! :5 ! he>t ( ! befool$ h\se ( mir?4 is 9 ! h\se ( mir?4 7#d47 ,! he>t ( wise ones 7z #8he>t' is repeat$ aga91 x gives ! idea ( #8t he>t' spok5 ( be=e4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 z occurr+ 9 a new clause conta9+ a fre% s5tim5t1 mu/ n be press$ too f>7 is 9 ! h\se ( m\rn+1 & ! he>t ( befool$ ones 9 ! h\se ( rejoic+4 ,?is aphorism is v sugge/ive3 ! he>t ( ! wise is improv$ 9 ! h\se ( sadness2 fools1 or r befool$ ones1 :o are mi/ak5 ) _! own joy1 are improv$ 9 ! h\se ( fea/+1 b x is an improvem5t 9 evil4 ,?is equivoke ! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 pres]ves4 #e ,x is bett] to he> ! 7#e47 ,good is x to he> ! rebuke ( ! wise1 ?an = a rebuke ( ! wise1 m ?an man to he> ! song ( fools4 t any %\ld he> ! song ( ! befool$4 7#e47 ,good is x to he> ! rebuke ( a wise "o 7 occurs 9 ?is book "h only1 b at ,prov]bs xiii4 #a1 #h1 xvii4 #aj71 above a man 7i4e4 any "o7 he>+ a song ( befool$ ones 7! hiphil =m is "h especially to be notic$1 #8_m befool$ ones s+2' z ,j]emy ,taylor says1 #8,we commonly ent] s++ into ! sn>e4' ,g9sburg w\ld am5d ?is passage by relegat+ ! to ! fir/ clause2 b ?is is to miss ! po9t1 :i* is1 t #8x is bett] to li/5 to a wise rebuk+1 ?an = any "o to he> ! song ( ! befool$'74 #f ,= z ! crackl+ ( ,= z ! crackl+ ( ?orns "u a pot1 s is ?orns "u a pot1 s is ! ! laught] ( ! fool3 cackl+ ( ! befool$& ?is also is vanity4 besides1 x is evanesc5t4 ,hebrew s\nd4 7#f47 ,= z ! voice ( ! ?orns "u ! pot 7!re is bo? allit]ation & equivoke "h1 ! root hav+ ! mean+1 #8to turn aside1' #8be crook$1' etc41 & 1 #8displeas$1' #a ,k+s xx4 #dc1 xxi4 #d7 s 7! ^w #8s' is some:at emphatic1 z /&+ alone7 a laugh ( ! befool$ 7g5]ic71 also ?is is vanity 7i4e4 an in/ance ( evanesc5ce74 #g ,surely oppression make? ,yet affliction makes false a a wise man mad2 & a gift wise man's hope1 & de/roys de/roye? ! he>t4 ! he>t ( 8 purpose4 7#g47 ,= ! oppression 7g5]ic1 #8! affliction ( life'7 makes mad 7poel future1 occurs ,job xii4 #g1 ,isaiah xlii4 #e2 comp>e also *apt] ii4 #b1 :i* we h se5 is ! madness ( false expectation7 a wise man 7h5ce ! mean+ mu/ be1 t ! oppressions or afflictions ( life put out ! calculations ( ! wise1 & make _! expectation false7 & de/roys ) respect to ! he>t 7 1 !re=e emphatic2 h5ce ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 & ! mean+ is1 t affliction comp>e *apt] iv4 #a n only makes 8 expectations false1 b disappo9ts 8 desires2 :i* cle>ly1 ) ! advantages ( sorr[ /at$ above1 x ought n to d to a wise man7 ( 8 purpose4 7,foll[+ ! ,,lxx41 :o d]ive ! ^w f ! root 1 :i* exi/s 9 ! ,arabic1 & also 9 ! ,syriacsee ,b]n/e91 s4 v41 7 ,syriac ^w7 #8moratus e/1' #8t>dus fuit2' #8t :i* is purpos$ or appo9t$' w\ld be q a natural mean+1 = n only has ! mean+ #8to give1' b also #8to settle or appo9t4' ,if we r5d] ) ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion #8gift1' we introduce an idea altoge!r new & /range1 :ile ) ! r5d]+ support$ by ! ,,lxx4 & unpo9t$ text1 ! aphorism connects itself ) :at w5t be=e & foll[s aft]47 #h ,bett] is ! end ( 7#f47 ,yet good is ! end a ?+ ?an ! beg9n+ ( a matt]1 & m ?an its !re(3 & ! pati5t 9 beg9n+4 _s is bett] ?an ! pr\d 9 _s4 7#g47 ,& good is ! long-suff]+ s\l above ! high swell+ _s4 7#h47 ,good is ! end ( a matt] 79 its te*nical s5se ( a reason+7 above its beg9n+2 good is a long _s above a high _s 7?is is equivocal2 #8long-suff]+ is bett] ?an high m9d$ness' w r5d] ! equivoke4 ,?us1 !n1 x appe>s t ^! aphorisms are all closely relat$ to "o ano!r1 or1 at any rate1 hang on ! same ?read ( argum5t4 ,! exi/5ce ( oppression makes ! wise man mad by reason ( disappo9t$ hopes1 & de/roys 8 purpose2 b he mu/ wait to see ! end1 & be pati5t4 #8,good' has occurr$ 9 sev5 p>adoxical relations1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( evil4 ,! same /ra9 is cont9u$ 9 ! foll[+1 b ! argum5t is some:at diff]5t74 #i ,be n ha/y 9 ?y _s ,d n be 9 ha/e to be to be angry3 = ang] re/e? disappo9t$2 = disappo9tm5t 9 ! bosom ( fools4 ne/les 9 ! bosom ( ! befool$4 7#i47 ,d n ha/5 9 ?y _s to be ang]$ 7by disappo9tm5t71 = ang] 9 ! bosom ( befool$ ones re/s4 #aj ,say n ?\1 ,:at is ,d n say ei!r1 ,h[ 0 x ! cause t ! =m] t =m] days 7 s good days 7 bett] ?an ^!8 z comp>$ ) ^!8 because = ?\ do/ n inquire x is n wisdom :i* prompts wisely conc]n+ ?is4 y to inquire 9 ?is way4 ,hebrew out ( wisdom4 7#aj47 ,d n say 71 ! p>ticle ( prohibition be+ repeat$1 ?is second is equival5t to #8nei!r say'7 :at 0 7h[ 0 x7 t ! days 7) ! article1 & !re=e g5]ic71 ! =m] ones 7aga9 g5]ic1 9 /rict apposition7 7 good ones beyond ^! 7! :ole con/ruction ( ! s5t5ce %[s t ! ,laudator temporis acti is "h specially repreh5d$71 because n f wisdom 7i4e4 ! wisdom ( su* an inquiry is "h negativ$7 ?\ aske/ 7 is to ask 9 ! s5se ( wi%+ to h,exodus iii4 #bb7 ^u 7or ab\t7 ?is4 #aa ,wisdom is good ) ,z good is wisdom z an an inh]itance3 & by x inh]itance1 & some?+ !re is pr(it to !m t m1 to ^? :o see ! see ! sun4 sun%9e2 ,or1 z good z an inh]itance1 yea1 bett] too4 7#aa47 ,a good is wisdom 7! two n\ns bo? ab/racts or 9 /rict agreem5t7 toge!r ) an inh]itance1 & a pr(itable ?+ 71 :i* ! ,masorets po9t z a p>ticiple1 n 1 :i* w\ld give a diff]5t idea1 i4e4 a #8pr(it g5]ally1' :i*1 9 ! s5se ( ?is book1 wisdom is n always1 = x fails1 ?r\gh un=ese5 accid5ts1 ( always atta9+ its end1 & sometimes p]i%es l folly2 b ) an inh]itance1 wisdom to "k h[ to use x is always a real advantage 9 "s way ev5 9 ?is life1 & h5ce ! qualification7 to ^? t see ! sun 7g5]ic1 z a sun :i* is light & w>m? inde$1 b also gl>e & heat74 #ab ,= wisdom is a = ! %elt] ( wisdom is def5ce1 & money is a j z ! %elt] ( money3 def5ce3 b ! excell5cy ( b ! pr(it ( k k is1 t wisdom is1 ! wisdom t enables its give? life to !m t h possessor to live4 x4 ,hebrew %ad[4 7#ab47 ,= 9 %ad[ ( ! wisdom is 9 %ad[ ( ! silv]4 7,! s5t5ce1 :i*ev] way we take x1 is enigmatical1 z inde$ ! =m %[s4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] ad s5sum1 #8,because 9 h] %ad[1 wisdom is z ! %ad[ ( silv]1' b v probably n because !y read diff]5tly1 ?is r5d]+ m]ely gives ! equivoke2 = ! lit]al mean+ ( ! s5t5ce1 z x /&s 9 ! text1 is1 #8,because 9 ! %ad[ ( wisdom g5]ically1 is ! same z to be 9 ! %ad[ ( money4' ,! idea ( %ad[ arises naturally f t ( sun%9e1 spok5 ( above2 = we mu/ rememb] t 9 ! ,ea/1 %ad[ is always desir$1 & x is to ! natives ( s\!rn ,europe & ,asia ! symbol ( pleasant refre%m5t4 ,%ad[ & sun are cognate ideassee ,psalms xci4 #a1 ,isaiah xxxii4 #b4 ,aga91 ! root has ! mean+ to desire e>ne/lysee ,job xiv4 #ae1 ,psalms xvii4 #ab2 h5ce ! fur!r play ^u ! words47 ,& a pr(it ( a k ( ! wisdom8 7g5]ic1 ?is special wisdom1 b ! passage might also be r5d]$1 & a #8pr(it ( k1 x is wisdom :i*1' etc47 x enliv5s its possessor4 7,! ,masorets1 by acc5t+ ) zakeph1 sep>ate x f :at foll[s1 & s r5d] z above4 ,?us ! mean+ is#8& !re is ?is advantage 9 ! k ( wisdom1 x makes its possessor live1' or gives him life3 b n absolutely s2 ?is appe>s f :at foll[s47 #ac ,consid] ! "w ( ,consid] !n1 ) reg>d ,god3 = :o c make t to ! work+ ( ! ,almighty1 /raight1 :i* he ha? made t none is able to expla9 crook$8 ) reg>d to :at ,he has made complex4 7#ac47 ,see 7z ! v]b /&s fir/1 ?is is ! emphatic ^w 9 ! s5t5ce1 equival5t1 !re=e1 to #8obs]ve1 h[ev]'7 ) respect to ! work+ ( ! ,deity1 = :o is enabl$ to set 9 ord] 7occurs *apt]s i4 #ae1 xii4 #i only1 & is a ^w peculi> to ,ecclesia/es2 x is us$ 9 ! te*nical s5se ( #8resolve1' or #8acc\nt =1' a provid5tial my/]y7 ) respect to t :i* 7! ,,lxx4 give ! =ce ( ?is "h by ! r5d]+ 7 ,he ha? involv$ x8 71 9 hi?pael1 occurs ,job xix4 #f1 *apt]s i4 #ae1 & xii4 #c4 ,! cognate occurs ne>ly z (t51 & ) ! same signification1 :i* is ! exact opposite ( 1 #8to involve1' #8make complex4' #8,:o c resolve t ) respect to :i* ,he has det]m9$ t x %all be involv$8' is ! precise mean+ giv5 by ! suffix to ! v]b47 #ad ,9 ! day ( prosp]ity ,9 ! day !n ( good1 be joyful1 b 9 ! day ( accept ! good2 9 ! day adv]sity consid]3 ,god also ( di/ress1 disc]n3 = ! ha? set ! "o ov] aga9/ "o inde$ ha? ! ,almighty ! o!r1 to ! end t man appo9t$ z ! c\nt]p>t %\ld f9d no?+ aft] him4 ( ! o!r1 = ! v purpose t ,humanity %\ld ,hebrew made4 by no means be able to discov] any?+ ( :at is to result4 7#ad47 ,9 a day ( good 71 ! ab/ract "h hav+ ! mean+ ( #8prosp]ity'7 be 9 good 7:i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d]1 #8live 9 good1' & z ! root is repeat$1 we mu/ r5d]1 t good71 & 9 a day ( 7) ! mean+1 #8& 9 a "t also ('7 evil 7ab/ract z above7 see 7emphatic1 n only f ! allit]ation ( & 1 b f its be+ ! same ^w at ! end z at ! beg9n+1 v]se #ac74 ,moreov]1 ) respect to ?is1 to ! c\nt]p>t 71 see *apt] v4 #af 7#ae71 :]e ?is ^w is discuss$7 ( t makes 7i4e4 s works7 ! ,deity1 = ! reason 7 occurs *apt]s iii4 #ah1 vii4 #ad1 viii4 #b1 & 9 ! same s5se #8to ! int5t t'7 he might n 7contract relative1 ) ! negative1 & involv+ its usual subjunctive mean+7 f9d ev5 humanity1 8 future 7i4e4 t :i* comes aft] him or succe$s1 :e!r ?is be due to 8 own lab\r or o!rwise7 any?+ 7:i* is res]v$ to ! end ( ! s5t5ce1 & is equival5t to #8any?+ at all4' ,?us1 !n1 ! transition to ! next clause is q manife/4 ,x foll[s ( c\rse t ?is unc]ta9ty z to ! result applies ev5 9 ! case ( virtue & vice3 ?is1 !re=e1 is ! topic next discuss$74 #ae ,all ?+s h ,i se5 ,) reg>d to ! :ole ( 9 ! days ( my vanity3 life1 !n1 ,i h obs]v$ !re is a j man t dur+ ! days ( my p]i%e? 9 8 righte\sness1 evanesc5t exi/5ce t & !re is a wick$ man !re may be a j man :o t prolonge? 8 life 9 p]i%es by reason ( 8 8 wick$ness4 ju/ice1 & !re may be an impi\s man :o prolongs 8 exi/5ce by 8 wrong4 7#ae47 ,) reg>d to ! :ole 7) & ! article1 #8) reg>d to ! :ole ( life' is !re=e ! mean+1 z s (t5 9 ?is booksee *apt] i4 #b7 ,i h obs]v$ 9 ! days ( my vanity 7) ! idea1 !re=e1 #8s f> z my %ort exp]i5ce goes'7 t !re is 7a p]son or ?+7 made "r1 yet p]i%+ 9 8 righte\sness1 & t !re is 7z is repeat$ x becomes emphatic1 & ?us we mu/ r5d] #8!re also is'7 an impi\s caus$ to be prolong+ 7himself7 9 8 mis*ief 7i4e4 ! hiphil p>ticiple gives ! idea t ?is prolongation ( life by evil means1 or ! l1 is due to ! wick$ness itself3 x is aga9 ! problem ( successful impiety2 = ! ^w comp>e ,exodus xx4 #ab74 #af ,be n righte\s ov] ,d n be !n righte\s to mu*2 nei!r make ?yself excess1 or make ?yself wise ov] wise3 :y %\lde/ ?\ too confid5tly3 :y %\lde/ de/roy ?yself8 ?\ be griev\sly disappo9t$8 ,hebrew be desolate4 7#af47 ,d n be made "r too mu*1 & d n 7repeat$1 #8d n also'7 make ?yself wise 7! hi?pael occurs only ,exodus i4 #aj1 & has a s9i/] mean+4 ,ph>aoh's policy ) ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 0 = ! "t deal+ wisely1 b also a #8prolong+ 9 wick$ness'7 to excess 7#8or ov] & above :at is reasonable1' expect+ a #8pr(it1' 1 f x1 9 t s5se 9 :i* ?is ^w is us$ 9 ?is book74 ,:]e=e %\lde/ ?\ be desolat$8 7b ! hi?polel occurs ,psalms cxliii4 #d1 ,isaiah lix4 #af1 lxii4 #e1 ,daniel viii4 #bg1 & 9 all cases ) ! idea ( #8con/]nation' at an unexpect$ & afflictive occurr5ce4 ,?us ! mean+ mu/ be1 #8t ?is righte\sness ov]mu*1 & wisdom beyond :at is reasonable1 w disappo9t4' ,we mu/ n !n1 9 ! days ( our vanity1 expect too mu* f "r actions2 !y may to all appe>ance prove z disa/r\s z ! mo/ impi\s c\ld be4 ,9 ! same way impiety1 t is1 high-h&$ & presumptu\s rebellion aga9/ "r1 may succe$ s well t x may cause a prolongation ( itself2 ! v ^w is s>ca/ic1 z po9t+ to an end ( wrong at la/4 ,! inf]5ce naturally seems to be,if ?is be s1 :at is ! use ( do+ "r at all8 b a deeply s>ca/ic refutation is giv5 to ?is ?\ght 9 ! succe$+ clause74 #ag ,be n ov] mu* wick$1 b !n1 d n be wick$ to nei!r be ?\ fooli%3 :y excess ei!r1 & by no means %\lde/ ?\ die be=e ?y become a clev] fool3 :y "t8 %\lde/ ?\ die :5 x is n ?y "t8 ,hebrew n 9 ?y "t4 7#ag47 ,d n be impi\s to excess1 & d n be 7! quadruple repetition ( ! p>ticle ( prohibition gives emphasis to x1 especially at ! close ( ! s5t5ce7#a47 ,d n be ov] "r1 & 7#b47 d n be ov] wise ei!r1 7#c47 nor impi\s ei!r1 nor 7#d47 /ill less ei!r a clev] fool1 are ! f\r /ages ( ! argum5t2 ! emphatic is res]v$ to ! la/ clause "h 9 ?is memb]2 9 ! =m] clause x /&s fir/1 giv+ x ?us a /ill fur!r s>ca/ic emphasis1 some?+ l our #8:atev] y are d n be'7 an elaborate fool 71 comp>e *apt]s ii4 #ai1 x4 #c1 #ad2 & see ! mean+ ( ?is t]m discuss$ !re4 ,?is wick$ness !n1 x seems1 is wise folly1 or false prud5ce74 ,:]e=e %\lde/ ?\ die 9 :at is n y\r "t8 ,! s>casm is surely deep & cutt+ :i*1 cov]tly rem9d+ ! impi\s t he has yet to die1 advises him n to die be=e 8 "t4 #ah ,x is good t ?\ ,x is good t ?\ %\lde/ %\lde/ take hold ( ?is2 lay hold ( ! =m]2 yea1 also f ?is )draw moreov]1 ( ! latt]1 by no n ?9e h&3 = he t means let y\r h& t\* x1 fe>e? ,god %all come =? = he t fe>s ,god comes out ( !m all4 safely ) reg>d to all ( ^!4 7#ah47 ,good x is t 7full relative1 ref]r+ to bo? ! foll[+ clauses7 ?\ laye/ hold ( ?is1 &1 moreov]1 f t d n )hold ) respect to ?9e h& 7! root occurs *apt]s ii4 #ah1 x4 #d1 xi4 #f2 see also ,g5esis ii4 #ae1 xix4 #af1 etc4! precise mean+ be+1 9 all ^! cases1 #8to lay up4' ,! ,,lxx4 translate ?is ^w by 1 #8defile2' & h5ce consid] ! ^w to ref] to ! second clause ( ! v]se above2 b x may be d\bt$1 z ,s*leusn] po9ts out1 :e!r ! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 is n a misread+ ( ,symma*us' 1 :i* 0 successively alt]$ to & 1 s t ) ?is be=e u we may well reject _! read+ z n entitl$ to di/urb our confid5ce 9 ! ,hebrew text2 obs]v+ also t x is 1 i4e4 d n re/1 or d n lay x up1 ) respect to ?y h&2 ! conclusion is1 d n t\* ei!r ! wick$ness or ! false prud5ce4 ,! r5d]+ ( ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion is ambigu\s2 x is n cle> :at ! second #8?is' ref]s to1 b evid5tly admits ( ! mean+ above4 ,! :ole drift !n ( ! aphorism is1 #8lay hold ( "r not)/&+1 & h no?+ to d ) wick$ness'74 ,= he :o fe>s ,god goes out ( 7or #8gets free f1' z foll[s7 ) respect to all ( !m 7i4e4 ! :ole f\r difficulties "h m5tion$2 he w nei!r be ov]-expectant ( an imm$iate result f 8 righte\sness1 nor ( 8 prud5ce2 on ! o!r h&1 he w n be ei!r impi\s1 or an elaborate fool74 #ai ,wisdom /r5g!ne? ,?is wisdom is a bett] ! wise m ?an t5 mighty def5ce to ! wise ?an t5 m5 :i* are 9 ! city4 p[]ful m5 )9 a =tress4 7#ai47 ,! wisdom 7wisdom g5]ically7 /r5g!ns 7a play betwe5 above & "h7 to ! wise m ?an t5 p]sons :o h be5 inve/$ ) p[] :o are 7emphatic7 9 a city4 ,p[]ful m5 9 a city are h>d to ov]come1 or get at2 t51 ! indef9ite numb]1 gives ! idea ( #8ev] s _m4' #bj ,= !re is n a j ,h[ev]1 !re is no s+le man ^u e>?1 t doe? man on e>? s "r t he good1 & s9ne? n4 always does good1 & nev] makes a wick$ mi/ake4 7#bj47 ,= a man 7a man1 z a specim5 ( ! race1 :i* we h already se5 is ! mean+ ( ?is ^w /&+ alone )\t ! article7 !re is n 7= we h 9 ?is case 1 & n 2 ?us ! mean+ is1 #8!re is n a s+le man'7 made "r 9 ! e>? :o does good & does n s9 7i4e4 #8make wick$ mi/akes3' h5ce1 z no man is p]fectly "r1 x w\ld be unreasonable to expect a p]fect result2 ?us ! relevancy ( v]se #ag is app>5t4 ,if our "r acts d n always succe$1 x is b j1 consid]+ ! _m s9s we all commit74 #ba ,also take no he$ unto ,besides1 to all ^? argum5ts all words t are spok52 by :i* m5 direct !mselves1 le/ ?\ he> ?y s]vant d n give mu* he$1 j z curse !e3 ?\ had/ bett] n li/5 to ?y s]vant :5 he curses !e2 ,hebrew give n ?y he>t4 7#ba47 ,moreov] 7an additional reason71 to all ! words 71 9 ! usual s5se1 & v emphatic z foll[$ by ! correspond+ v]b7 :i* !y speak 7reason ab\t7 d n give ?9e he>t 7because !y are n wor? ?9k+ ab\t3 ! reason foll[s71 :i* 7repeat$1 equival5t to #8!y are su* t'7 n do/ ?\ he> 7#8z ?\ w\lde/ n li/5 to if'7 ) respect to ?y s]vant he 0 curs+ !e4 #bb ,= (t5times also ?9e because ?\ kn[e/ t own he>t kn[e? t ?\ besides1 times out ( m9d ?yself likewise ha/ curs$ ?yself also ha/ curs$"s o!rs4 "o else4 7#bb47 ,= moreov]1 times _m kn[s 7b ! ,,lxx4 read 1 1 #8afflicts1' t is1 ! s]vant does s4 ,symma*us also reads 1 support+ ! ,,lxx42 ! ,syriac1 on ! o!r h&1 reads z ! ,hebrew4 ,if1 !re=e1 0 ! real read+1 ! *ange took place 9 anci5t times7 ?y he>t 7:i* is nom9ative to 7 :i* 7! ?ird repetition ( ! relative2 x ought !re=e to be tak5 9 ! mean+ ( #8& ?is1'7 also ?\ 7:i* is emphatic if we foll[ ! ,masorets1 :o po9t 9 :i* app>5tly !y are support$ by bo? ! ,,lxx4 & ,symma*us7 ha/ curs$ o!rs4 ,7 x n = ?is suspici\s !re w\ld be no reason at all to di/urb ! pres5t ,hebrew text4 ,nor1 probably1 is ! evid5ce /rong aga9/ x1 unless inde$ x %\ld turn out1 on fur!r inve/igation & discov]y1 t :5 ! v]sion ( ! ,,lxx4 0 made1 !re 0 a great] diff]5ce betwe5 ! lett]s & ?an !re is n[4 ,if ! read+ ( ! ,,lxx4 7 "r1 ! foll[+ 0 ! mean+ ( ! passage3#8,moreov]1 to all ! words :i* !y speak !y be+ suppos$ to ref] to ! wick$1 h5ce ! explanatory gloss ( ,b1 1 d n give ?9e he>t1':i* am\nts to ?is#8?\ w\lde/ n he> 7or li/5 to7 ) respect to ?y s]vant curs+ !e1 because _m times he vexes ?y he>t1 :i* am\nts to ?is also 9 reg>d t ?\ ha/ curs$ o!rs4' ,! innu5do be+ t our reason+s ) reg>d to ,god's deal+s ) ourselves are l ! ra% improp] spee*es ( a grumbl+ s]vant4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t ! expression1 1 lit]ally1 #8:i* also ) respect to ?\ ha/ curs$1' is unprec$5t$ly h>% & elliptical1 ev5 = ,kohele?4 ,b to alt] ! text& ! ,masoretic punctuation is "h a virtual alt]ation ( ! textis to int]pret an imag9>y docum5t1 & n ! "o :i* exi/s be=e our eyes4 ,! ,masorets1 h[ev]1 ) _! cu/om>y caution& 9 ?is respect !y are a brilliant example to "s mod]n criticsw\ld n add a s+le lett]1 on m]e conjecture only1 h[ev] plausible4 #bc ,all ?is h ,i prov$ ,all ?is h ,i explor$ by by wisdom3 ,i said1 ,i w be means ( wisdom4 ,i said1 ,i wise2 b x 0 f> f me4 %all be wise en\gh1 b :at may be is altoge!r beyond #bd ,t :i* is f> (f1 me6 beyond me h[ f>8 a d\ble & exce$+ deep1 :o c dep?6 h[ c\ld any f9d x8 f9d x out8 7#bc1 #bd47 ,all ?is 7! ,masorets po9t fem99e1 equival5t to neut]7 h ,i tri$ ) wisdom2 ,i said ,i w be wise 7) p>agogic1 & ,taylor 9 8 note obs]ves t ?is =m is optative1 & expresses a /rong desire ,lange1 ,commm5t>y on ,old ,te/am5t1 ,am]ican edition2 might x n ) tru? be said t x is ! ab/ract idea ( :i* ! v]b is ! concrete1 #8,i %all be wisdom$'871 b t 0 f> f me 7b notice aga9 1 agree+ no d\bt ) und]/ood1 b n ! less an ab/ract on t acc\nt3 x 0 f>ness or di/ance itself f me#8beyond my rea*' is ! mean+71 a di/ant ?+1 :at is x :i* x w be 7t is1 t he c\ld n rea* by wisdom to disc]n :at ! future might be71 & deep1 deep 7#8d\bly deep1' v emphatic71 :o w f9d x out8 7z ^! que/ions expect ! answ]1 ,no1 !y are equival5t to #8a di/ant ?+6 is n x1 ! future1 inde$8 & a va/ dep? :i* none c discov]4'7 ,?is concludes ?is "p ( ! disc\rse1 z is evid5t f ! =mula1 #8,i turn$ r\nd1 ,i & my he>t1' ) :i* ! foll[+ passage beg9s2 t :i* is to succe$ is a p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ano!r k9d4 #be ,i appli$ m9e he>t ,to come to ano!r po9t !n1 to "k1 & to se>*1 & 9 my own exp]i5ce ( to seek out wisdom1 & ! k & inve/igation3 ,i reason ( ?+s1 & to mean ! discov]y ( wise & "k ! wick$ness ( folly1 prud5t exp]im5ts by :i* ev5 ( fooli%ness & "o may recognise wick$ness madness3 z folly1 & false-prud5ce z mad disappo9tm5t4 ,hebrew ,i & my he>t compass$4 7#be47 ,i turn$ r\nd 7to d some?+1 z ?is =mula always implies71 ,i & my he>t 7= we h "h a confession7 to "k & to inve/igate 7t is 9 ord] to "k1 etc41 ! prepositions be+ repeat$7 & seek 7)\t a preposition2 ! di/9ction seems to be t ! seek+ is to be ! consequ5ce ( ! above inve/igation7 wisdom & device 7 is exclusively a ,kohele? ^w1 & occurs v]se #bg1 ix4 #aj1 only1 x is ?us n easy to det]m9e its precise mean+1 b x is probably1 z ,moses ,/u>t po9ts out1 ! opposite ( 2 & if s1 x w be some?+ reasonable1 9 ! s5se ( wise or well-=m$ & successful plan1 z its opposite is an ill-=m$ & disappo9t+ "o2 ?us occurs only "h1 v]se #bi1 & #b ,*ronicles xxvi4 #ae1 :]e x is us$ to d5ote ,asa's eng9es ( w>is evid5tly #8effici5t contrivances4' ,to "k wisdom & a device1 !n1 9 ?is s5se1 is #8wisdom h[ to obta9 a reasonable or prop] result2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 to discov] ! opposite4' ,) ?is accords :at foll[s71 & to "k 7z ?is is repeat$ x is equival5t to1 & s to "k7 wick$ness 7z7 folly 7! only in/ance ( ! occurr5ce ( ?is =m 9 ,ecclesia/escomp>e ,job viii4 #ad1 xxxi4 #bd1 :]e we f9d t #8expectation' is ! mean+1 ?\gh n necess>ily 9 a bad s5se1 yet cle>ly s "h4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] :i* ,e4 ,x4 alt] to 1 #8! folly ( a wick$ p]son'7 & ! false wisdom 7plural =m 9 ) ! article7 follies 71 z we h se51 comp>e *apt] i4 #ag1 ( ! disappo9t+ k9d4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] "h 1 #8tr\ble1' & 1 #8madness1' ) #8&1' :i* is s f> wrong1 z !re is no conjunction 9 ! orig9al4 ,! mean+ ( ?is passage x is no d\bt difficult to discov]1 b if we are "r 9 ! above analysis ! int]pretation mu/ be z foll[s3 #8,i turn$ myself r\nd1 ,i & my he>t7or1 my own p]sonal exp]i5ce7 to "k & to inve/igate1 & s seek1 wisdom & well-=m$ plans3 & s to recognise a wick$ folly2 & a s]ies ( falsely-wise acts1 :i* 7 disappo9t+ follies4' ,! punctuation repres5ts ! acc5ts1 ! l>g] di/9ctive acc5ts be+ repres5t$ by ! long] pauses4 ,! ,syriac reads 7 ,syriac phrase71 #8to "k ! wick$ness ( ! fool1 & folly & adult]y1' :i* co9cides ) ! above2 a reason = ! peculi> r5d]+ #8adult]y' w appe> pres5tly74 #bf ,& ,i f9d m bitt] ,n[1 ,i h made a discov]y1 ?an dea? ! woman1 ^: & t m bitt] ?an he>t is sn>es & nets1 dea?2 x is ) respect & h] h&s z b&s3 to woman1 :5 %e is 9 ! :oso please? ,god %all nature ( an ensn>]1 h] escape f h]2 b ! affection s$uctions1 & h] s9n] %all be tak5 by h]4 h&s bondage4 ,a real good 9 ! sight ( ! ,almighty is x ,hebrew ,he t is good to be deliv]$ f h]1 b be=e ,god4 ! err+ s9n] is tak5 by su* z %e4 7#bf47 ,& f9d+ 7a p>ticiple writt5 full1 giv+ a peculi> emphasis to ?is ^w7 am ,i a bitt]ness above dea? ) respect to ! woman 7 ) ! article1 :i* ! ,,lxx4 note by 1 z usual2 ?us #8woman' is g5]ic1 h5ce ! precise idea seems to be #8& a discov]y ( m9e m bitt] ?an dea?is ) respect to woman2' &1 aga91 ?is foll[s ! acc5tuation1 :i* makes a pause at #8dea?1'7 :o 7b ! relative is full1 & s ref]s back to ! :ole clause1 #8:5 %e'7 is sn>es 7mascul9e plural1 & h5ce di/ributive1 #89 ! nature ( an ensn>]' !n1 see ,prov]bs xii4 #ab1 *apt] ix4 #ad1 :]e ?is =m alone 9 ! fem99e occurs1 *apt] ix4 #ab1 ,isaiah xxix4 #g1 ,ezekiel xix4 #i1 & ) %urek at ,job xix4 #f2 !re is a slight diff]5ce 9 mean+ 9 ^! =ms7 & allurem5ts 7! root is to de/roy1 & ! n\n signifies #8a curs$ ?+' z (t5 z a #8net2' see ,deut]onomy vii4 #bf1 ,jo%ua vi4 #ag7 h] he>t 7s+ul> foll[+ plural2 h] he>t !n is 9 ! nature ( ?+s :i* allure to de/ruction1 a :ole arm\ry ( !m1 z x 71 9 h] love7 & bonds h] h&s 7or #8p[]s'72 good 9 ! sight ( ,div9e provid5ce 7#8a real good is x 9 ! sight ( ,div9e provid5ce' is ! mean+7 is deliv]ance f h] 7emphatic71 b ! err+ "o 7a full p>ticiple1 :i* ! ,,lxx4 note7 is tak5 by h] 7emphatic74 #bg ,behold1 ?is h ,i ,obs]ve1 ?is h ,i f\nd1 sai? ! ,prea*]1 discov]$1 & ?is is c\nt+ "o by "o1 to :at ! ,prea*] ann\nces1 f9d out ! acc\nt3 "o aft] ano!r1 s z to f9d out a wise exp]im5t2 #bh ,:i* yet my s\l b :i* ,i h long$ = seeke?1 b ,i f9d n3 "o )\t discov]+3 "o man among a ?\s& h ,i s+le specim5 ( ,humanity 9 f\nd2 b a woman among all a ?\s& ,i discov]$2 b ^? h ,i n f\nd4 a woman 9 all ^! ,i did n discov]4 ,or1 weigh+ "o ?+ aft] ano!r to f9d out ! reason4 7#bg1 #bh47 ,obs]ve ?is1 h ,i f\nd ! spee* ( ,kohele? 7x is usually said t is a fem99e agree+ ) 1 b 0 a k+1 & s c]ta9ly mascul9e4 ,x has be5 propos$ to write 1 b ?is is ano!r in/ance ( ! attempt to cut ! knot by alt]+ ! text1 besides 9 t case ,kohele? w\ld be g5]ic4 ,we mu/ !re=e fall back ^u ! usual mean+ ( fem99es z ! ab/ract ( ! mascul9es4 ,n[1 is #8to say1' to #8ann\nce1' & !re=e ! ab/ract w be #8! ann\ncem5t2' ?is ab/ract1 h[ev]1 /&s by itself1 & is n jo9$ closely to 1 z 9 t case x w\ld h be5 4 ,att5d+ !n to ^! pr9ciples ( gramm>1 ! mean+ w be1 #8obs]ve ?is1 ,i h f\nd x1 & ann\nce x z ,kohele?1' an additional pro( t "h we h a p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ,kohele?'s7 "o to "o to f9d a wise result1 7t is collect+ in/ance aft] in/ance1 or try+ "o me?od aft] ano!r s z to f9d ! wise result1 9 contra/ to ! disappo9t+ folly m5tion$ above7 :i* yet seeks my s\l1 & has n f\nd 7! #8n' is emphatic1 & d5ies t he has discov]$ x3 exp]im5tal sci5ce did no m = him ?an moral72 a man 72 we %\ld h anticipat$ f ! context1 b includes bo? sexes1 s t we h a s>ca/ic equivoke7 a s+le "o f a ?\s& h ,i f\nd1 b a woman 9 all ^! h ,i n f\nd 7t is1 t he c\ld come to no g5]al conclusion2 only 9 8 exp]i5ce he _h met ) "o man b n ) "o woman1 ! allusion be+ evid5tly to 8 ?\s& wives & concub9es4 ,f ?is individual hi/ory we are all[$ to make our own conclusions4 ,9 ! case ( ,solomon1 x 0 8 num]\s wives :i* turn$ away 8 he>t4 ,he _h app>5tly "o or two male fri5ds1 su* z ,zadoc & ,na?an1 t he c\ld tru/4 ,! ^w #8f\nd' occurs sev5 times 9 its diff]5t =msx is all he c\ld discov]74 #bi ,lo1 ?is only h ,i ,only obs]ve1 ?is ,i h f\nd1 t ,god ha? made man discov]$1 namely1 t ! upright2 b !y h s\ght ,almighty has ) respect to out _m inv5tions4 humanity done :at is correct1 b !y h s\ght out ma*9ations )\t numb]4 7#bi47 ,only 7:i* /&+ fir/ is emphatic3 #8,?is alone is a real discov]y1 or a safe induction f my num]\s trials'7 obs]ve1 ?is h ,i discov]$1 :i* is t he has made ev5 ! ,deity ) respect to ! man 7i4e4 #8has done 9 reg>d to man1' ! ,,lxx4 notice ?is by 7 "r 7or #8correct1' see #a ,samuel vi4 #ab1 ,prov]bs xi4 #c71 b !y 7plural foll[+ s+ul>#8e "o ( !m'7 seek devices 7plural ab/ract1 & z x is us$ evid5tly 9 a s9i/] s5se1 we may translate #8ma*9ations'7 _m 7mascul9e1 not)/&+ ! fem99e plural1 i4e4 n _m 9 ! ab/ract1 #8b _m a "o'all k9ds ( s9i/] plans to evade ,god's "r ord]1 ( :i* ,solomon's h>em 0 a signal in/ance4 ,he w\ld h _h m real enjoym5t _h he obey$ ! rule at ,g5esis ii4 #bd1 :i* assigns "o man to "o woman1 & ! _s ( t at ,leviticus xxi4 #a1 :i* enjo9s a ,hebrew woman4 ,?is h>em ( /range wom5 0 at once ,solomon's mo/ elaborate folly1 bitt]e/ disappo9tm5t1 & sadde/ fall3 x 0 an exp]im5t 9 se>* ( happ9ess1 runn+ c\nt] to ,god's j & "r comm&s1 & prov$ a mo/ mis]able failure2 & ! only conclusion :i* c\ld be drawn f x 01 t ,god's way is inv>iably ! be/4 ,! connexion ) ! foll[+ w be be/ und]/ood if we consid] x a reflection on 8 own failure74 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,:o is z ! wise man8 ,,ah1 !n1 :o is really wise1 & :o kn[e? ! & :o kn[s h[ to solve ! int]pretation ( a ?+8 a enigma ( ?is matt]8 t man's wisdom make? 8 face wisdom ( humanity :i* to %9e1 & ! boldness ( enlight5s 8 face1 = ! 8 face %all be *ang$4 haughty face is dete/able4 ,hebrew ! /r5g?4 ,,viii4 7#a47 ,:o is z ! wise8 7! ,,lxx41 r5d]+ ad s5sum1 translate 1 #8:o kn[s wise m5 or ?+s8' :i* ,e4 & ,x4 alt] to 1 #8wisdom4' #8,:o is z ! wise8' or1 z /&s fir/1 #8ah1 :o is really wise8' ,!re is a d\ble mean+ "ha lam5tation ov] 8 own failure1 & a natural reflection on ! sup]ior wisdom ( ! ,wise ,"o1 or1 z we %\ld write1 ! ,omnisci5t7 & :o 7#8& :o too'7 kn[s a solution 7 occurs ,daniel ii4 #d1 #e1 #f1 etc41 b 9 t prophet only1 & is us$ to signify ! int]pretation ( ,nebu*adnezz>'s dream1 h5ce ,,lxx4 7 ( a reason3 7:o !n is s wise t he kn[s h[ to solve ! matt]1 or give x its true int]pretation8 ,! answ] foll[s7 t wisdom ( a man enlight5s 7b z foll[s 1 x rises into importance1 #8t wisdom ( a man :i* enlight5s'7 8 c\nt5ance 7!re is a manife/ allusion "h to ,prov]bs xvi4 #ae1 & ! mean+ ( #8enlight5s 8 face' is1 #8gives him fav\r or satisfaction'71 b ! /r5g? ( 8 face 7:i* has ! mean+ ( /]nness or wilfulness1 see ,deut]onomy xxvii4 #ej7 is hat$ 7! ,masorets propose ! alt]ation f to 2 b ?is 0 because !y did n und]/& ! context2 ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 #8b a man ( %ameless c\nt5ance w be hat$1' & also ! ,syriac1 b /rictly is imp]sonal1 #8"o hates4' ,! mean+ !n1 read 9 ! light ( ,prov]bs xvi4 #ae1 evid5tly is1 t ob/9acy is t :i* a k+ hates1 & ( c\rse a =tiori ! ,div9e ,k+74 8,,vii40 replac$ ) 8,,viii40 80 replac$ ) 80 #b ,i c\nsel !e to keep ,z = me1 a royal ^w obs]ve1 ! k+'s comm&m5t1 & & ^u reason+ ab\t ! t 9 reg>d ( ! oa? ,div9e decree1 d n ha/54 ( ,god4 7#b47 ,i 7emphatic1 none ( ! anci5t v]sions take any notice ( ?is emphatic pron\n1 a reason = :i* w appe> pres5tly7 ! m\? ( a k+ 7n ! k+1 ?us ! lit]al mean+ is1 #8,i1 a k+'s ^w'7 keep x 7! explanation is to be f\nd 9 ! equivocal use ( ! ^w #8k+1' :i* has an und]tone ( ref]5ce to ! ,great ,k+3 comp>e also *apt] ii4 #ab1 & obs]ve h[ excell5tly a ^w ( c\nsel suits ! passage4 ,! mean+ !re=e is1 ,i w give y a royal ^w to keep1 or gu>d71 & ^u reason+ 7 1 see *apt] iii4 #ah1 & ) ! same mean+ #8^u ! reason+s ab\t1' ! ,masorets put a /rong di/9ctive acc5t on 1 ?us sep>at+ x f ! foll[+ words1 b ?is 0 because !y did n see ! exact mean+7 ! oa? ( ,god 7see ,deut]onomy vii4 #h1 ,j]emiah xi4 #e2 ! oa? ( ,god !n is t :i* ,god has det]m9$ on1 & we are especially to reg>d ?is1 & take c>e t we use no ha/y words or expressions ab\t x74 #c ,be n ha/y to g out ,f ,8 pres5ce can/ ?\ g8 ( 8 sight3 /& n 9 ,d n re/ on any evil ^w1 an evil ?+2 = he doe? = all t ,8 provid5ce :atsoev] please? him4 orda9s ,he does2 7#c47 ,d n ha/5 7?is ! ,,lxx4 & ,syriac jo9 on to ! prec$+ v]se1 aga9/ ! acc5tuation ( ! ,masorets1 & ?is makes bett] s5se7 f 8 face ?\ %alt g 7b z #8face' is ! emphatic ^w1 x is cle> t ! clause is 9 ! nature ( a "q1 or r ) a note ( admiration1 i4e4 #8,f 8 face are y go+6'71 d n /& 7#8abide1' or #8/ay'7 9 a reason :i* is an evil "o = all he provides 71 ! v]b1 ( :i* is ! root1 & :i* inv>iably means #8,div9e provid5ce' 9 ?is book7 he does 7he always acts1 !re=e1 accord+ to ! pleasure ( 8 ,div9e provid5ce74 #d ,:]e ! ^w ( a k+ 9 ,^: royal ^w is is1 !re is p[]3 & au?ority1 & :o d>e say to :o may say unto him1 ,:at ,him1 ,:at doe/ ,?\8 doe/ ?\8 7#d47 ,9 :om 7or #89 :i*1' = x ref]s back to ! :ole idea ( ,god's provid5ce7 ! matt] ( a k+ is p[]ful 7i4e4 a p[]1 #8matt]1' z usual be+ tak5 9 its te*nical s5se ( ! matt] reason$ ab\t & ! matt] itself4 ,! ,,lxx4 inv]t ! ord] ( ! wordsa v unusual proce$+ ) !m3 x is1 h[ev]1 to be obs]v$ t ,b4 omits 1 ! ^w out ( place71 & :o %all say to him1 ,:at doe/ ?\8 #e ,:oso keepe? ! ,:oso keeps ! comm&m5t comm&m5t %all feel no w n "k a reason :i* evil ?+3 & a wise man's leads to wrong4 ,= a wise he>t disc]ne? bo? "t & he>t does "k t !re is judgm5t4 a "t & a judgm5t2 ,hebrew %all "k4 7#e47 ,"o keep+ ! comm& 7a p>ticiple1 t :i* is comm&$7 does n "k a matt] 7z above7 :i* is evil1 & "t & judgm5t kn[s 7repeat$2 ?us ! exact mean+ is1 #8b "t & judgm5t'7 ! he>t ( a wise man 7#8does "k'74 #f ,because to e purpose because to e provid5ce !re is "t & judgm5t1 !re is a "t & a judgm5t2 !re=e ! mis]y ( man because also1 ! wrong ( is great ^u him4 ,humanity is great ^u him2 7#f47 ,= to e provid5ce !re is a "t & a judgm5t 7t is1 a prop] season = its occurr5ce1 & a "t :5 x w be %[n to be 9 ! economy ( provid5ce71 = ! wrong ( man 7g5]ic1 ) ! article7 is mu* ^u him 7! ,,lxx4 "h read 1 #8k1' 2 ,symma*us & ! ,syriac read z ! ,hebrew4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 x appe>s t ! text is fully entitl$ to /& undi/urb$1 z x makes bett] s5se1 &1 suppos+ an error 9 ! ,,lxx41 x might s readily occur f a misread+ ( lett]s s mu* alike z & 4 ,! old] =ms1 h[ev]1 ( ^! two lett]s 7 n s mu* alike1 z is %[n by ! ,moabite /one1 & h5ce caution is requir$ 9 com+ to a judgm5t2 b fur!r1 has already be5 us$ 9 a bad s5se1 see *apt] i4 #ah74 #g ,= he kn[e? n t & because1 he is n "o :o :i* %all be3 = :o c kn[s :at may be2 & because1 tell him :5 x %all be8 h[ x w be1 none c tell him4 7#g47 ,= he is n kn[+ 7t is1 man is n a creature t kn[s7 :at w be 7contract relative ) ! v]b73 = h[ x w be1 :o c tell him8 7! p>ticle is introduc$ f\r times1 & ea* introduces an additional reason /r5g!n+ :at w5t be=e4 ,?us ! wise he>t w n "k a matt] :i* is badw n all[1 t is1 t 9 its nature x is s1 & he does "k t !re is an appo9t$ "t & judgm5t :i* w set all "r4 ,fir/1 because to e provid5ce :atev] !re is su* a "t & judgm5t2 secondly1 because !re is s mu* evil among/ mank9d1 :i* ( c\rse ne$s rectification1 & w h x1 see *apt] iii4 #ae2 & because he _c tell :at w be1 & s "r may be discov]$ & provid5ce v9dicat$ 9 ! future2 & la/ly1 because z none c pr$ict ! result ( any ev5t1 s he is an imp]fect judge conc]n+ x4 ,?is impot5ce ( man is fur!r set =? 9 :at foll[s74 #h ,!re is no man t ,no man has p[] ov] ! ha? p[] ov] ! _s _s to re/ra9 ! _s2 to reta9 ! _s2 nei!r & !re is no p[]fulness 9 ha? he p[] 9 ! day ! day ( dea?2 & !re is ( dea?3 & !re is no no putt+ (f ! weapons 9 dis*>ge 9 t w>2 t w>f>e3 b by no means nei!r %all wick$ness w ,impiety deliv] ^? deliv] ^? t are giv5 t resort to x4 to x4 ,or1 ca/+ (f weapons4 7#h47 ,!re is no?+ 9 7t is1 ,!re is n a s+le7 man caus$ to h p[] 7,,lxx4 7 ) ! _s 7! ,,lxx4 r5d] ) 1 #89'7 to ! re/ra9t ( 7#a ,samuel vi4 #aj2 ,j]emiah xxxii4 #c;is us$ ( re/ra9t 9 prison7 ) respect to ! _s 7 ) ! article1 & ! n\n repeat$1 mak+ x exce$+ly emphatic1 :i* ! ,,lxx4 note by _! cu/om>y 3 #8to h any re/ra9t ) respect to t same _s' is ! mean+7 & !re is no p[] 7t is1 #8p[] to rule or direct'7 9 ! day ( dea?1 & !re is no dis*>ge 7occurs ,psalms lxxviii4 #di7 9 ! w>f>e1 & n deliv]s 7?is /&+ fir/ is emphatic2 x is equival5t to #8b ?is does n deliv]'7 ev5 impiety 9 respect ( its "l 7or1 z our idiom w\ld put x1 #8b impiety w n deliv] ^? :o resort to x'74 #i ,all ?is h ,i se51 & ,) respect to all ?is ,i appli$ my he>t unto e h obs]v$1 ) reg>d to "w t is done "u ! all ! works :i* are done sun3 !re is a "t :]e9 9 ?is "w-day _w& "o man rule? ov] ano!r to greatly am ,i impress$ by xa 8 own hurt4 "t :5 humanity has a p[] ov] itself to injure itself4 7#i47 ,) respect to all ?is ,i h se51 7i4e4 #8obs]v$'71 & sett+ myself 7inf9itive absolute4 ,zckl] says ! inf9itive absolute ) copula prefix$ indicates an action contemporane\s ) ! ma9 v]b2 h5ce ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 444 71 ) respect to my he>t1 to all ! work+ :i* 7full relative7 is done 7niphal7 "u ! sun1 ! "t :i* 7! ,,lxx4 app>5tly take no notice ( 1 b r5d] z if !y _h read 2 b if we take z 9 apposition to 1 & notice t is repeat$1 we %all see t ! s5se is #8,i mean ) reg>d to t "t :51' etc47 rules 7or has p[]7 ! man 7mank9d g5]ally7 by a man to an injury to him 7n exactly ) ! mean+ ( "o man injur+ ano!r1 b r1 t :5 humanity has any p[] ov] itself 9 ! p]son ( o!r m51 x uses ?is p[] to injury = ! mo/ "p1 an in/ance ( :i* foll[s74 #aj ,& s ,i saw ! wick$ ,& on ?is wise3 ,i h se5 buri$1 :o _h come & gone ! wick$ hon\rably buri$1 f ! place ( ! holy1 :o us$ to come & g f & !y 7 =gott5 9 ! ! place ( ! holy1 & 7 city :]e !y _h s done3 prais$ 9 ! city :]e !y ?is is also vanity4 _h done ?is3 an in/ance ?is ( ! evanesc5t4 7#aj47 ,& 9 ?is wise 71 occurs only ,e/h] iv4 #af1 9 ! s5se ( #89 ?is way'7 ,i h obs]v$ wick$ ones 7n ! wick$1 b cont9ually in/ances ( ! impi\sly wick$7 sepul*res 7! ,masorets po9t ) kubbutz1 ! pual p>ticiple1 ! only o!r in/ance ( :i* occurs #a ,k+s xiii4 #ca2 b !re ! p>ticiple is full3 we _c !re=e accept ! ,masoretic po9t+ z au?oritative2 x really am\nts to an alt]ation ( ! unpo9t$ text4 ,! ,,lxx4 consid]$ a n\n plural1 accusative to 1 & translate 1 #8c>ri$ into ! tombs'7 & !y ent]$ 7,i w\ld seek an explanation ( ! difficulty "h 9 ! occurr5ce ( ?is conjunction #8&1' ( :i* a simil> in/ance is f\nd at *apt] ii4 #ae1 #8s !y ent]$ a place 444 & !y are go+1' etc42 i4e4 #8did ?is z a habit'7 & f a place ( ! hall[$ "o 7p>ticiple7 !y g4 7,! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 is easily expla9$2 !y translate z !y d1 because we h a pa/ t5se jo9$ ) a pres5t1 ?us giv+ ! mean+ ( imp]fects4 ,z ! wick$ c\ld n be said to g aft] dea? into ! sepul*re1 !y r5d]$ by a passive1 #87 tak51' or because !y wi%$ x to be made pla9 t x 0 n a m]e ent]+ & dep>t+1 b t ! wick$ 7 buri$1 i4e4 hon\r$1 9 _! graves74 ,& !y 7 =gott5 9 ! city 9 :i* 7full relative1 because x does n ref] closely to ! city only2 !y 7 =gott51 n z reg>ds t p>ticul> city1 b z a g5]al proposition7 ?us !y did 7b tw5ty ,,mss4 & all ! anci5t v]sions1 except ! ,syriac1 9 place ( 1 #87 =gott51' read 1 #8prais$1' :i* n only makes bett] s5se1 b acc\nts = ! hi?pael ) its reflexive signification4 ,symma*us reads1 #8,& :5 !y _h gone r\nd 9 ! holy place1 !y return$1 be+ prais$ 9 ! city :]e !y _h s done' 4,see ,field's ,hexapla1 p4 #cif4 ,he also gives ! explanatory gloss1 1 #8z ^? :o _h done well4' ,h5ce1 !n1 on ! :ole1 we %\ld pref] to take 9 sub/ance ! ,,lxx4's r5d]+1 & look ^u ?is z sett+ =? a sali5t example ( successful hypocrisy4 ,aft] all1 ! =c$ r5d]+s ( c]ta9 critics are 9 effect alt]ations ( ! text1 or yield no s5se at all4 ,! rem>k7 ,?is also is vanity 7equival5t to #8?is !n is besides1 an in/ance ( evanesc5ce or transitor9ess1' is v /rik+ & appropriate at ?is po9t1 z also :at succe$s74 8kibbutz0 replac$ ) 8kubbutz0 8paul0 replac$ ) 8pual0 80 replac$ ) 80 #aa ,because s5t5ce aga9/ ,x am\nts to ?is1 h[ev]3 an evil "w is n execut$ !re is no spe$y execution ( spe$ily1 !re=e ! he>t s5t5ce = do+ evil1 & s ( ! sons ( m5 is fully ! he>t ( ! human race is set 9 !m to d evil4 ?us enc\rag$ 9 !m to d t evil2 7#aa47 ,:i* 7/&+ at ! beg9n+ ( a p]iod is emphatic1 & ?us ! subject ( ! :ole4 #8,x am\nts to ?is' w\ld r5d] x well7 !re is no?+ done z a s5t5ce 7occurs ,e/h] i4 #bj7 ( do+ ! evil spe$ily1 !re=e full is ! he>t ( ! sons ( man 9 !m to ! do+ ( an evil 7t is1 #8,x am\nts to ?is1 !re is no?+ inflict$ z a p5alty ( do+ ! evil i4e4 evil g5]ally spe$ily2 on t acc\nt fill$ is ! he>t ( m5 )9 !m 9 ord] to d t evil1 ! ^w evil be+ repeat$'74 #ab ,?\gh a s9n] d :i*1 h[ev]1 is a wick$ evil an hundr$ times1 & mi/ake m]ely because !re 8 days be prolong$1 yet is "t & a prolongation ( surely ,i "k t x %all impunity2 = ,i am p]fectly be well ) !m t fe> assur$ t x mu/ be ,god1 :i* fe> be=e him3 well ) ^? :o fe> ! ,almighty1 7#ab47 ,:i* 7repeat$ at ! beg9n+ ( a clause1 equival5t !re=e to #8,& x also am\nts to ?is'7 a s9n+ 71 :i* ! ,masorets po9t z a p>ticiple1 & ! ,,lxx4 confirm1 r5d]+ by a v]b7 do+ an evil a hundr$ 7s /&s ! text at pres5t1 b x cle>ly 0 n s 9 ! text :i* ! anci5t v]sions us$1 all ( :i* read diff]5tly1 except ! ,syriac1 :i* foll[s ! ,hebrew4 ,! ,,lxx4 read ei!r or 4 ,symma*us1 ,aquila1 & ,!odotion read 4 ,j]ome rem>ks ! difficulty2 & ! ,syriac ,hexapla %[s t ! text ne$$ em5dation at an e>ly "t4 ,we believe ! ,,lxx4 h pres]v$ ! "r read+2 moreov]1 t !y took z a n\n 9 ! s5se ( #8prolongation1' l 1 #8a prison]1' ,g5esis xxxix4 #bj1 #bb2 1 #8a little1' ,job xxxvi4 #b1 ,isaiah xxviii4 #aj & #ac2 = is n a p>ticiple hiphil1 b is really ! sub/antive ) 4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ?is ^w 0 tak5 z a hiphil1 became un9telligible1 & 0 alt]$ by conjecture to 1 or 2 h5ce ! mean+ is n7 caus$ to be prolong$ 7z x /&s 9 ! text1 b r #8& f ! prolongation'7 to him3 7emphatic1 h5ce ! s5se ( ! passage is1 notic+ ! repetition ( ! 1 & ! fact t also /&s at ! head ( ! v]se1 #8,& x am\nts to ?is z well3 a wick$ly mi/ak+ "o does evil f ! "t & f ! prolongation ( x to ,,him1' i4e4 #8to ! o!r above cit$2' & h5ce ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 also ref]r+ u back to ! hypocritical s9n]s spok5 ( above4 ,!n foll[s a reason introduc$ )7 = 9 addition 7besides its be+ a wick$ mi/ake1 a s9 :i* x is always folly to commit7 kn[+ am ,i 7i4e4 #8,i d "k1 not)/&+ appe>ances'7 ?is also1 x w be a good to ! fe>]s ( ,god :o 7b full relative repeat$1 & s ) ! mean+ #8because !y are ^? :o'7 fe> 7emphatic1 ) d\ble jud7 be=e him4 #ac ,b x %all n be well j because !y d fe> ) ! wick$1 nei!r %all be=e ,him2 & t x _c he prolong 8 days1 :i* be good to ! impi\s man1 & are z a %ad[2 because he he w n prolong 8 days1 fe>e? n be=e ,god4 ev5 l a %ad[1 because he is n "o :o fe>s be=e ,god4 7#ac47 ,& good 7repeat$1 #8b good'7 x w n be to an impi\s p]son 7or act7 & he w n cause to prolong days z a %ad[ 7he does n prolong 8 days2 !y are prolong$ inde$ sometimes by ,div9e provid5ce 9 ,8 inscrutable decrees1 & !y are z a %ad[1a v impressive figure3 ! l5g!n$ %ad[ ( ! old s9n]'s ye>s s soon to end 9 d>kness absolute7 :i* 7full relative1 9 ?is equival5t to #8because t'7 he is n a fe>] be=e ,god4 #ad ,!re is a vanity :i* ,!re is an in/ance ( is done ^u ! e>?2 t evanesc5ce :i* occurs ^u !re be j m51 unto :om e>?1 & x is ?is3 t x happ5e? accord+ to ! !re are righte\s p]sons to "w ( ! wick$2 aga91 :om x results z if !y _h !re be wick$ m51 to :om act$ l ! impi\s2 &1 x happ5e? accord+ to ! on ! o!r h&1 !re are "w ( ! righte\s3 ,i said impi\s p]sons to :om x may t ?is also is vanity4 happ5 z ?\gh !y _h act$ l ! righte\s4 ,s ?is1 said ,i1 is ano!r in/ance ( ! transitory6 7#ad47 ,!re exi/s a vanity done 7i4e4 :i* occurs or happ5s to m57 "u ! sun 7! ,,lxx4 r5d] by a p]fect1 71 :i* is1 t !re exi/s righte\s 7full relative7 :i* 7p]sons or acts7 x rea*es 7hiphil p>ticiple1 ,g5esis xxviii4 #ab7 to !m 7emphatic7 accord+ to ! do+ ( ! wick$ ones1 7g5]ic2 !y atta9 ! same ends z ! wick$ ones d1 9 ?is _w at lea/1 = #8"u ! sun' is put 9 z a qualify+ clause71 & !re are wick$ ones :i* x rea*es 7"h we h ! contract relative in/ead ( ! full "o above4 ,s accurate a writ] z ,kohele? c\ld h>dly h done ?is )\t reason4 ,we h already notic$ ! subjunctive s5se ! contract relative gives to ! v]b x jo9spossibly he int5ds a limitation2 x is an occurr5ce :i* sometimes happ5s1 ! rule h[ev] is aft] all ! o!r way7 to !m accord+ to ! work+ ( ! righte\s ones1 ,i said :i* also 7see *apt] i4 #ag1 ii4 #ae1 ! only o!r two in/ances 9 :i* ?is comb9ation occurs2 x cle>ly gives an int]rogatory =ce1 ) a tone ( surprise7 is vanity8 #ae ,!n ,i comm5d$ mir?1 ,!n ,i1 = my "p1 express$ because a man ha? no bett] a pref]5ce ) reg>d to ?+ "u ! sun1 ?an to enjoym5t1 because !re is eat1 & to dr9k1 & to be no real good to a man 9 ?is m]ry3 = t %all abide "w-day _w1 except to eat1 ) him ( 8 lab\r ! & dr9k1 & be delight$1 days ( 8 life1 :i* ,god & t same conjo9$ ) give? him "u ! sun4 8 toil dur+ ! days ( 8 life2 & because also x is appo9t$ to him ( ! ,almighty 9 ?is "w-day _w4 7#ae47 ,& ,i prais$1 ,i myself1 ) respect to 7:i* ! ,,lxx4 note by adv]bial7 ! gladness 7:i* is bo? g5]ic & ab/ract1 #8,i came1 t is1 to a /rong conclusion z to ! value ( pres5t happ9ess'71 because !re is no good to a man "u ! sun1 except to eat1 & to dr9k1 & to rejoice1 & t 7emphatic7 to abide ) him 9 7or by means (7 8 toil dur+ ! days ( 8 life 7i4e4 no o!r real good except ?is gratification imm$iately aris+ f ! toil7 :i* is a gift to him 7emphatic7 ( ,div9e ,provid5ce 7& s n ! result ( 8 lab\r1 b a m]cy = :i* he ought to ?ank ,god7 "u ! sun 7:i* is 9 ?is case res]v$ to ! end ( ! s5t5ce1 & inde$ ! p]iod1 = ! next clause is a summ+ up74 #af ,:5 ,i appli$ m9e ,:5ce x results1 t hav+ he>t to "k wisdom1 & to set my he>t to "k wisdom1 see ! bus9ess t is done & to obs]ve ) reg>d to ^u ! e>?3 7= also ! unc]ta9ty :i* is !re is t nei!r day suff]$ ^u e>? 7= inde$1 nor night see? sleep ) 8 by day & by night also1 re/ eyes37 does no human eye behold7 7#af47 ,z !n ,i h giv5 ) respect to my he>t 7) 7 to ! k ( wisdom1 & to ! appe>ances 72 ?is inf9itive ) is peculi> to ,ecclesia/esoccurs *apt]s iii4 #ah1 v4 #ag1 & "h2 see ! peculi> %ade ( mean+ giv5 by ! conjunction7 ) respect to ! anxiety 7see *apt] i4 #ac2 g5]ic ) 1 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 ! ,,lxx4 take no special notice7 :i* is done on e>? 7b we mu/ write #8endur$ ^u e>?' to express ! mean+1 :i* am\nts to ?is1 #8,z1 !n1 ,i h giv5 my he>t to ! k ( wisdom1 i4e4 a sci5tific k1 ) reg>d to ! spectacle ( t anxi\s unc]ta9ty :i* is suff]$ on ! e>?'71 = also by day & by night sleep 7! ,masorets ) great ta/e put #8sleep' 9 a clausule by itself7 ) 8 eyes he is n see+ 7i4e4 ?is unc]ta9ty is incessant74 #ag ,!n ,i beheld all ! s ,i p]ceive1 ) respect to "w ( ,god1 t a man _c ! :ole work+ ( ! f9d out ! "w t is done ,almighty1 h[ impossible is x "u ! sun3 because ?\gh = humanity to discov] ! a man lab\r to seek x out1 work+ out ( any?+ ) yet he %all n f9d x2 respect to :at is done )9 yea f>!r1 ?\gh a wise ?is "w-day _w4 ,yet x is man ?9k to "k x1 yet on acc\nt ( ?is t man %all he n be able to f9d toils1 t he may seek x x4 out1 b he does n discov] x3 & if he ?9ks wisdom w enable him to "k x1 x is n suffici5t = ! discov]y ei!r4 7#ag47 ,& ,i saw 7s ,i saw1 ! apodosis ( ! above7 ) respect to all ! work+ ( ,div9e provid5ce1 h[ t is n able 7n is emphatic7 humanity to ! f9d+ out ( 7#8or a discov]y' (7 ) reg>d to 7! ,,lxx4 aga9 write 7 ! "w 7g5]ic7 :i* is done 7or suff]$1 or endur$1 z be+ a niphal7 "u ! sun1 because ( 7 occurs ,jonah i4 #g only7 :i* toils humanity 9 ord] to seek x1 & does n f9d x2 & also if he says ! wisdom 7i4e4 wisdom g5]ically7 to "k x 7#8t wisdom is giv5 him to "k x'7 he is n able 7or r n enabl$7 to f9d x4 9 ?is place is no d\bt us$ to express a new idea1 #8= ?is1' or #8:i* cause4' ,! object ( man's toil1 i4e4 ! object he has 9 8 lab\r1 is to f9d out "s me?od by :i* he may rectify :at appe>s wrong 9 ! c\rse ( ,god's provid5ce3 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m ?is is impossible4 ,! pr9ciple :i* p]vades ,kohele?'s reason+ is1 t enjoym5t1 z su*1 is ,god's gift1 & t toil is useless4 ,lab\r1 h[ev]1 :i* is di/+ui%$ f toil1 is to be done 9 ! fe> ( ,god1 & ! result left to 8 provid5ce4 ,! argum5t :i* is to foll[ fur!r en=ces ?is4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,= all ?is ,i consid]$ ,,= ) respect to all ?is1 9 my he>t ev5 to decl>e ,i h laid to my he>t t all ?is1 t ! righte\s1 :i* is to be d$uc$ f x & ! wise1 & _! works1 all1 :i* is1 t "r & are 9 ! h& ( ,god3 no wisdom1 & any s]vice !y man kn[e? ei!r love or c r5d]1 are 9 ! h& ( hatr$ by all t is ! ,almighty1 & :e!r an be=e !m4 ev5t be an indication ( ,8 love or displeasure ei!r1 no ,hebrew ,i gave or set man kn[s f any?+ he sees to my he>t4 be=e him1 ,,ix4 7#a47 ,= ) respect to all ?is1 ,i h giv5 x to 71 n 1 :i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 7 my he>t1 & to sift out 7occurs "h only1 b comp>e *apt] iii4 #ah7 ) respect to all ?is 7b ! ,,lxx41 divid+ ! words diff]5tly1 evid5tly read 1 :i* w\ld mean1 #8:5 t he>t 0 see+ all ?is4' ,! numb] ( v>i\s read+ssee ,/i] & ,!ile1 ,polyglot%[ t ?is passage 0 e>ly "o ( difficulty4 ,! r5d]+ ( ,symma*us1 pres]v$ by ,j]ome1 #8omnia ita /atui =t4 9 corde meo ut v5til>em univ]sa1' conveys ! mean+2 :i* is1 t ,kohele? set to 8 he>t t :i* is ! result :5 ! matt] is entirely sift$7 :i* is ! righte\s & ! wise 7g5]ic & plural1 all ^? ?+s :i* are "r or wise g5]ally2 #8"r & wisdom1' z we speak1 is ! mean+7 & _! works 7i4e4 :at !y produce1 or1 bett] /ill1 _! #8s]vices'7 are 9 ! h& ( ! ,deity1 also love 79 ! ab/ract71 also hatr$ 7also ab/ract1 & be+ repeat$ gives ! idea ( bo? love & hatr$ too7 is no?+1 kn[+ ! man 7! negative belongs to ! n\n1 n to ! v]b1 & s ! mean+ mu/ be #8!re is no man :o does "k4' ,moreov]1 ! two nom9atives absolute1 #8love' & #8hatr$1' are ! subjects ( ! :ole s5t5ce1 #8z to love or hatr$ ei!r1 !re is no man :o kn[s1' or1 bett] /ill1 #8to :om is made kn[n1' giv+ ! import to ! p>ticiple7 ! :ole 7g5]ic7 be=e !m 7di/ributive plural1 any ( !m1 equival5t !n #8to any?+ :i* is be=e !m'74 #b ,all ?+s come alike evanesc5ce be+ t :i* to all3 !re is "o ev5t belongs to all4 ,t :i* to ! righte\s1 & to ! happ5s is j ! same to wick$2 to ! good1 & to ! "r & to ! wrong1 to ! clean1 & to ! unclean2 good & to bad1 ,,lxx41 & to him t sacrifice?1 & to clean & to unclean1 & to him t sacrifice? n3 to ! sacrific] z to "o z is ! good1 s is :o nev] sacrifices2 z ! ! s9n]2 & he t good1 s ! err+ s9n]1 swe>e?1 z he t fe>e? ! =sworn z ?\gh he _h an oa?4 fe>$ ! oa?4 7#b47 ,! :ole 7b all ! anci5t v]sions read "h 1 #8vanity1' & ?is makes bett] s5se2 ! error1 = su* we believe x to be1 9 ! ,masoretic text1 0 "o s likely to occur1 t1 consid]+ ! /rong weight ( te/imony 9 fav\r ( ! ,,lxx41 & ! f> bett] s5se x makes ) ! context1 we may well adopt x4 ,z an additional reason = foll[+ ! ,,lxx41 we notice t ! ,syriac reads 7 ,syriac phrase7 #8all t is be=e him is vanity1 all j z t :i* is to all1' comb9+1 !re=e1 bo? read+s toge!r4 ,?us x appe>s t ! v>iation 9 ! texts 0 a v anci5t "o4 ,if ?is read+ be adopt$1 !n comb9+ x ) ! words :i* foll[7 z 7or l ?is same7 to all 7! mean+ w be #8transitor9ess is exactly ! same to all1' or #8all alike are equally transitory4' ,if1 h[ev]1 we reta9 ! ,masoretic text & po9t+1 a good s5se is made4 #8,! :ole is z x 7 to all1' namely7 a happ5+ :i* is "o to ! righte\s1 & to ! impi\s1 to ! good 7! ,,lxx4 add "h to ! bad71 to ! clean1 & to ! unclean1 to ! sacrific]1 & to "o :o has n sacrific$2 z is ! good s ! s9n] 7b g5]al1 includ+ ?+s z well z p]sons71 ! =sworn z "o :o an oa? fe>s4 #c ,?is is an evil among ,?is evil is 9 all :i* is all ?+s t are done p]=m$ 9 ?is "w-day "u ! sun1 t !re is _w3 t !re is b "o "o ev5t unto all3 yea1 also ev5t to all1 & s ! he>t ! he>t ( ! sons ( m5 ( ! human race ov]fl[s is full ( evil1 & madness ) wrong1 & fooli% is 9 _! he>t :ile !y anticipations are 9 _! live1 & aft] t !y g inmo/ he>ts :ile !y live1 to ! dead4 & :at succe$sx belongs to ! dead4 7#c47 ,?is wrong is 9 all :i* is done 7niphal1 & !re=e objective2 m5 bo? d & suff] z ?\gh ?is 7 s7 "u ! sun1 h[ a happ5+ :i* is "o 7i4e4 ! same7 to all 7! =ce ( ?is reason+ is made app>5t by :at foll[s1 z !re is no visible rew>d to ^! righte\s p]sons z comp>$ ) ! wick$1 wick$ m5 presume72 & moreov]1 ! he>t ( ! sons ( ,adam is full ( 7#8ov]fl[s )' w\ld repres5t ! idea7 evil1 & false expectations 7 occurs *apt] i4 #agsee ref]5ces2 ! mean+ d$uc$ exactly suits ?is passage2 x is ! false hope begott5 ( an evil action1 a crime worse ?an a blund]1 to inv]t a celebrat$ aphorism7 9 _! he>ts 7 is #8! inmo/ he>t'see ,concordance1 sub voce1 = ! %ade ( diff]5ce betwe5 & 71 9 _! lives1 & _! future 7i4e4 :at comes aft]w>ds7 belongs to 7! preposition is 1 :i* ! ,,lxx4 note1 & r5d] by 7 ! dead 7g5]ic1 ) ! article74 #d ,= to him t is ,= :oev] he may be1 jo9$ to all ! liv+ !re he *ooses altoge!r z is hope3 = a liv+ dog is reg>d+ ! liv+1 ?is bett] ?an a dead lion4 be+ 8 anticipation3 = to a dog alive x is inde$ bett] ?an ! lion :5 he is dead4 7#d47 ,= :oev] 7int]rogative pron\n foll[$ by 1 comp>e ,exodus xxxii4 #cc2 x has "h ! s5se1 #8,= :oev] he be'7 *ooses 7! ,kri reads #8is jo9$ to1' :i* ! ,,lxx41 ,syriac1 ,t>gum1 & ,symma*us all h2 b ?is & ! po9t+ z a pual is m]ely a ,masoretic conjecture3 x w\ld be bett] ) ! ,,lxx4 to take x 9 an active s5se1 1 #8p>ticipates4' ,! ,*etib is p]fectly intelligible1 h[ev]1 & is to be pref]r$7 t[>ds 71 z 9 v]se #c7 all 7b is )\t ! article2 h5ce x has ! mean+1 ! #8:ole ('7 ! lives 7) ! article1 & h5ce g5]ic1 #8lives g5]ally4' ,?us ! mean+ is1 #8,= :oev] he be1 he is "o :o *ooses entirely ) relation to ! liv+'71 x is 71 x exi/s z su*7 an expectation 71 occurs #b ,k+s xviii4 #ai1 & its p>allel ,isaiah xxxvi4 #d besides ?is place only1 9 ! mean+ ( a #8confid5ce' or #8expectation1' & ?is mean+ gives excell5t s5se "h3 #8is 8 expectation t he w live3' no man makes plans on ! supposition t he is go+ to die2 he may inde$ provide = o!rs aft] he is dead1 b ! horizon ( 8 own hopes is necess>ily b\nd$ by 8 life74 ,= 7an additional reason confirm+ ! above7 to a dog alive x is 7emphatic7 good above ! lion 7) ! article1 because ?is is g5]ic2 x is n a lion1 b lion qualities g5]ally71 ! dead 7aga9 g5]ic1 = ! same reason#8a live dog is bett] ?an ! lion :5 he is dead1' is ! exact turn ( ?\ght74 #e ,= ! liv+ "k t ,yet ! liv+ are q aw>e !y %all die3 b ! dead t !y %all die2 b ! "k n any ?+1 nei!r dead are n aw>e ( any?+2 h !y any m a rew>d2 & !y c h no fur!r = ! memory ( !m is recomp5se1 because a =gott5 =gott54 ?+ is _! memorial3 7#e47 ,= ! liv+ ones are kn[+ t !y w die 7?is is an additional reason to ! above1 & s may be r5d]$1 #8b ! liv+ are c]ta9 t !y w die#871 b ! dead 7plural1 ) ! article1 #8! dead p]sons g5]ally'7 are n ^? :o are kn[+ any?+ 7x is n "h1 be x obs]v$1 ! exi/5ce ( k on ! "p ( ! dead :i* is d5i$1 b t1 f ! au?or's po9t ( view1 ! dead are p]sons :o d n "k any?+3 an unevangelic s5se has be5 giv5 to ?is passage by n att5d+ to ?is di/9ction71 & !re is no?+ fur!r to !m 7emphatic7 :i* is a hire 7or a rew>d 9 ?is life accru+ to !m z a recomp5se = _! toil71 because =gott5 7niphal 9 its usual objective s5se7 is _! remembrance4 #f ,also _! love1 & _! & !n _! love & _! hatr$1 & _! envy1 is n[ hatr$ also1 & _! envy z p]i%$2 nei!r h !y well1 z f> z ?is ,pres5t any m a portion = ev] 9 is conc]n$1 are p]i%$2 any ?+ t is done "u & !re is no fur!r ! sun4 p>ticipation = !m 9 ! age1 9 any?+ t may be done )9 ?is "w-day _w4 7#f47 ,moreov] _! love1 moreov] _! hatr$1 moreov] _! envy 7! triple repetition ( br+s ?is ^w into prom95ce1 equival5t to #8_! love also2 yes1 _! hatr$ & envy too'7 9 ?is pres5t 71 see *apt] i4 #aj1 ref]5ces2 ! ^w occurs aga9 9 its te*nical s5se ( ! #8pres5t /ate ( ?+s1' & makes excell5t s5se "h71 p]i% 7ab/ract #8is a ?+ p]i%$'7 9 all :i* 7full relative7 is done "u ! sun4 ,on ?is foll[s ! mo/ t\*+ piece ( s>casm 9 ! :ole "w4 ,!re is a =ce & pung5cy ab\t x :i* is v /rik+4 #g ,g ?y way1 eat ?y ,g !n1 eat ?y bread ) bread ) joy1 & dr9k ?y gladness1 & dr9k 9 good w9e ) a m]ry he>t2 = he>t ?y w9e1 if 9 ! ,god n[ accepte? ?y works4 pres5t ! ,almighty prosp]s ?y works4 7#g47 ,g1 eat 7i4e4 enjoy7 9 pleasure ?y bread1 & dr9k 9 he>t ( good ?y w9e2 = s 9 ! pres5t ha? prosp]$ ! ,deity ?y work+s4 #h ,let ?y g>m5ts be always ,at e opportunity let ?y :ite2 & let ?y head lack g>m5ts be :ite1 & ! oil no o9tm5t4 to ?y head d n sp>e4 7#h47 ,9 all season 71 a provid5tial seasonsee *apt] iii4 #a1 #ai7 let !m be 7ev57 ?y g>m5ts :ite 7x is h>dly possible "h1 :5 we rememb] ! con/ant use 9 ,scripture ( :ite g>m5ts1 n to discov] "o ( ^? hidd5 allusions ) :i* ?is book ab\nds to a pure z alone a happy life2 ! g>m5ts ( ! s5suali/ & drunk>d are1 9 ! emphatic language ( ! apo/le1 #8spott$ ) ! fle%'71 & oil 7see *apt] vii4 #a1 z ! symbol ( luxury & weal?7 on ?y head d n sp>e 7*apt] iv4 #h2 #8d n /9t' or #8save x z = ano!r "t1' is ! mean+3 #8use x :5 y h ! occasion'74 #i ,live joyfully ) ! ,enjoy life ) t woman wife :om ?\ love/ all ! :om ?\ love/1 all ! days days ( ! life ( ?y vanity1 ( ?y evanesc5t life1 :i* :i* he ha? giv5 !e "u ,he grants !e 9 ?is hot ! sun1 all ! days ( ?y "w-day _w1all ^! vanity3 = t is ?y evanesc5t days1 ,i say1 = portion 9 ?is life1 & 9 t is all ?\ can/ ?y lab\r :i* ?\ take/ possess 9 ?y life1 & f "u ! sun4 t toil ?yself art toil+ ev] 9 ?is same "w-day ,hebrew ,see or enjoy _w4 life4 7#i47 ,see lives toge!r ) ! woman :i* ?\ love/ 7x is to be rem>k$ "h t ,kohele? speaks ( a woman 9 ! s+ul>2 ! idea ?us impli$ is cognate ) t ( ! :ite g>m5ts1 x is pure dome/ic love7 all ! days ( ! lives ( ?y vanity 7i4e4 ?y evanesc5t life7 :i* ,he gives to !e 7! nom9ative is no d\bt ! ,deity2 b z ?is nom9ative is s f> (f1 ! v]b becomes almo/ an imp]sonal7 "u ! sun all ! days ( ?y vanity 7repeat$72 = t same is ?y portion 9 lives 9 ?y toil :i* ?\ 7emphatic7 toile/ at "u ! sun 7repeat$1 & !re=e hav+ ! mean+1 #8"u t same sun1' ! :ole be+ ?us /rictly limit$ to ! horizon ( ?is _w74 #aj ,:atsoev] ?y h& ,all t ?y h& f9ds to d1 f9de? to d1 d x ) to ! utmo/ d x1 because ?y might2 = !re is !re is no "w1 nor device1 no "w1 nor device1 nor nor wisdom1 nor k 9 k1 nor wisdom1 9 ! ! grave1 & t is :i!r grave1 :i!r ?\ goe/4 ?\ art ha/5+4 7#aj47 ,all :i* %all f9d ?y h& 9 ord] to d 7t is1 ev]y?+ :i* x is 9 ?y p[] to p]=m 9 reg>d ( ! above71 9 ?y might d x1 because !re is no?+ ( a "w1 or a contrivance1 or a k1 or a wisdom 7all ^! be+ )\t ! article1 & s+ul>7 9 ,%eol1 :i* 7is ! #8place1' or #8end1' etc42 = we h 9 ,engli% to supply "s g5]al ^w "h7 ?\ 7emphatic7 art go+ unto 7! mean+ is1 #8& t is :i!r ?\ art go+ unto'74 #aa ,i return$1 & saw ,b to return1 ,i p]ceiv$ "u ! sun1 t ! race h[ 9 ?is "w-day _w t is n to ! swift1 nor ! n to ! swift ones is ! battle to ! /rong1 nei!r race1 nor to ! /rong ones yet bread to ! wise1 nor yet ! battle1 nor ev5 to wise ri*es to m5 ( und]/&+1 ones bread1 nor yet to prud5t nor yet fav\r to m5 ( skill2 ones weal?1 nor yet to ! b "t & *ance happ5e? in/ruct$ ones fav\r4 ,= to !m all4 "t & *ance happ5s ) reg>d to !m all4 7#aa47 ,i turn$1 & see "u ! sun 7#8see' is rightly jo9$ by ! acc5ts to ! ^w :i* foll[s x2 x is1 z ?is =mula ( introduction %[s1 ano!r aspect ( ! same tru? z t set =? above7 h[ n to swift is ! race 71 occurs "h only71 & n to mighty ones ! w>1 & also n to wise ones bread1 & also n to prud5t ones 7occurs ,g5esis xli4 #cc ( ,joseph1 & #a ,k+s iii4 #ab ( ,solomon7 an increase1 & n to kn[+ ones a fav\r3 7^! ?ree n\ns1 #8bread1' etc41 are s+ul> & )\t ! article1 ! o!r two are ) x71 = "t 7! provid5tial season1 t is7 & *ance 7occurs #a ,k+s v4 #d z a n\n only2 ! mean+ ( ! v]b1 :i* occurs frequ5tly1 is1 #8to meet1' #8to approa*'7 happ5s ) respect to 71 :i* ! ,,lxx4 notice by mak+ ! v]b comp\nd1 7 all4 #ab ,= man also kn[e? n ,= s also ,humanity kn[s n 8 "t3 z ! fi%es t its "t1 b j l fi%es are tak5 9 an evil net1 & :i* h be5 caught 9 a z ! birds t are caught net1 or birds held fa/ 9 a 9 ! sn>e2 s are ! sn>e1 j l !m ! sons sons ( m5 sn>$ 9 an evil ( m5 are ensn>$ 9 "s "t1 :5 x falle? sudd5ly evil "t1 z x falls ^u ^u !m4 !msudd5ly4 7#ab47 ,= also n kn[s 7x is ! v]b :i* is "h negativ$7 ! man 7humanity7 8 "t 7) 1 :i* ! ,,lxx4 note by ! article71 z fi%es :i* may be caught 7contract relative & plural niphal7 9 a net1 ! evil "o 7an evil net71 & l also birds :5 caught 9 a sn>e 7notice ! diff]5ce betwe5 1 :i* is niphal p>ticiple plural1 occurs ,g5esis xxii4 #ac1 & 1 pual p>ticiple1 #8! fi%es are caught1 ! birds are held'72 l !m are ensn>$ 71 see ,deut]onomy vii4 #be7 ! sons ( ! ,adam to a "t 7:i* is7 evil1 z :5 x falls ^u !m sudd5ly4 7,x w\ld result f ?is reason+ t wisdom is ( no use at all2 b 9 ord] to meet ?is objection1 ,kohele? cites an in/ance :]e x 0 ( great value47 #ac ,?is wisdom h ,i se5 ,nev]!less1 ,i h obs]v$ also "u ! sun1 & x ! foll[+ in/ance ( seem$ great unto me3 wisdom 9 ?is "w-day _w1 & :i* appe>$ to me ( great mom5t4 7#ac47 ,moreov]1 ?is ,i h se5 7i4e4 an in/ance (7 a wisdom "u ! sun 7i4e4 9 ?is _w1 :]e wisdom avails s little71 & great 7b ! n\n is an ab/ract1 #8( great value' or importance1 #8a really great ?+'7 is x ) reg>d to me 7,,lxx41 1 i4e4 he consid]$ t1 not)/&+ ! obs]vation above1 he ought to take x z ( consid]able acc\nt2 "h 0 an unexpect$ deliv]ance1 by means ( wisdom1 f "o ( ^? sn>es1 1 spok5 ( above74 #ad ,!re 0 a little ,!re 0 a little city1 & city1 & few m5 )9 x2 ! m5 !re9 7 a few2 & & !re came a great k+ !re came a great k+ aga9/ aga9/ x1 & besieg$ x1 x1 & inve/$ x1 & built & built great bulw>ks a net-"w ( =tifications aga9/ x3 ar\nd x4 7#ad47 ,a city small1 & ! m5 71 #8weak m5'7 9 x 7emphatic1 #89 t same'7 a few1 & !re came aga9/ x a k+ 7:o 07 great1 & he surr\nd$ x1 & built ov] aga9/ x networks v great ones2 #ae ,n[ !re 0 f\nd 9 x ,n[ !re 0 f\nd !re9 a poor wise man1 & he by 8 a poor wise work+ man1 & wisdom deliv]$ ! city2 yet he x 0 :o sav$ ! city no man rememb]$ t same by 8 wisdom2 yet m5 did poor man4 n rememb] t same p]son because he 0 a poor work+ man4 7#ae47 & 0 f\nd 9 x 7aga9 emphatic7 a man 71 ! re/ are 7 poor 7*apt] iv4 #ac1 & "h only1 1 ,,lxx4 4 ,! mean+ ( is t k9d ( pov]ty :i* seeks its food by lab\r1 & diff]s f 1 :i* signifies a m5dicant4 ,fu]/ gives ! d]ivation1 1 ( ! root1 :i* w\ld imply su* a mean+ z ! ,,lxx4 h71 wise 7!re is no copula betwe5 ^! two qualify+ words4 ,x is n a poor & wise man1 b a man economically wise:o c\ld make 8 wisdom g a long way71 & sav$ 7ev57 he 7! turn ( mean+ is1 t ! safety ( ! city 0 f\nd 9 himself1 z ! embodim5t ( wisdom7 ! city 7) emphatic1 :i* ! ,,lxx4 notice by ! r5d]+1 7 9 8 wisdom2 & a man 7n exactly #8humanity1' :i* we h se5 w\ld require ! article1 b #8man' z repres5t+ ! individuals g5]ally7 did n rememb] 7! v]b foll[s ! nom9ative71 ) respect to t man 71 ) ! article1 :i* ! ,,lxx4 notice by 1 ) a g5itive6 b 9 reality ! g5itive is gov]n$ by ! v]b1 be+ adv]bial71 ! poor "o1 ev5 t same4 7,! %ade ( mean+ giv5 by ! article is1 t mank9d1 z a rule1 d n adequately rememb]1 & s nei!r rew>d1 wisdom :5 associat$ ) pov]ty4 #8,! poor inv5tor & 8 sorr[s1' h pass$ into a prov]b47 #af ,!n said ,i1 ,wisdom ,yet ,i %\ld say myself t is bett] ?an /r5g?3 wisdom 0 a real good1 & nev]!less ! poor man's bett] ?an /r5g?1 yet ! wisdom is despis$1 & 8 wisdom ( ! poor work+ man words are n he>d4 is despis$1 & 8 words j ^? :i* are n li/5$ to4 7#af47 ,!n said ,i 79 opposition to #8man1' above71 good is wisdom above might2 & ! wisdom ( ! poor 7) ! article7 is despis$1 & 8 words 7or reason+s1 us$ /ill 9 ! te*nical s5se common to ?is book7 are ^? :i* are n li/5$ to4 #ag ,! words ( wise m5 ,^! words ( ! wise 9 are he>d 9 quiet m ?an a sil5ce are he>d3 ! cry ( him t rule? among fools4 ,m ?an ! %riek ( a rul] ) fools4 7#ag47 ,^? words 7repeat$7 ( wise m5 9 re/ are he>d 7b notice is an ambigu\s ^w1see ,job xxxvi4 #af2 ! root is to press d[n1 & h5ce ! equivoke4 ,^! words ( ! wise man 9 #8a go+ d[n' are ^? :i* are he>d1 i4e4 9 a #8"t ( pressure1' or 9 di/ress2 #89 quiet1' is also a mean+1 & a v good "o1 be+ t :i* expresses1 )\t d\bt1 ! ma9 int5t 9 ! passage7 above ! cry 7,g5esis xviii4 #bj4 ,fu]/ consid]s t is an old] =m & mod]n1 yet bo? are us$ 9 ,g5esis xviii4 #bj1 #ba1 b ! ref]5ces w be se5 to support ! idea t is ! #8cry ( emotion1' :ile is any #8l\d cry2' if s1 !re is a special reason :y x %\ld be us$ 9 ?is place4 ,aga91 might be a p>ticiple mean+ a #8cry ( di/ress1' ?us giv+ =ce to ! equivoke71 ( a rul] ) ! befool$4 #ah ,wisdom is bett] ?an ,a real good is wisdom above weapons ( w>3 b "o s9n] weapons ( fight3 b a s+le de/roye? mu* good4 err+ s9n] de/roys ?is good v mu*4 7#ah47 ,a good 7repeat$1 s t x corroborates :at is f\nd 9 v]se #af7 is wisdom above weapons ( an enc\nt]1 & s9n+ once 79 ! s5se ( mak+ a wick$ mi/ake1 or #8"o wick$ mi/ak]1' ei!r p]son or ?+7 de/roys good ! mu*4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,dead flies cause ! ,,"o ( a sw>m ( bl[-flies o9tm5t ( ! apo!c>y to ta9t+ corrupts ! s5d =? a /9k+ sav\r3 confection]'s cons]ve1 & s do? a little folly him e/eem$ above reason & above t is 9 reputation = reputation too is ( false wisdom & hon\r4 prud5cej a little4 ,hebrew ,flies ( dea?4 ,x4 7#a47 ,flies ( dea? 71 occurs ,isaiah vii4 #ah only1 z an emblem ( ! ,egyptian plague7 cause to /9k 7s+ul>1 i4e4 a s+le bl[-fly out ( _m w d ?is1 see ,prov]bs xiii4 #e = ! only o!r in/ance ( future hiphil71 & cause to bel* out 7,psalms lix4 #g1 ,prov]bs xv4 #b1 i4e4 ) putrefaction7 ! oil 7see *apt] vii4 #a7 ( ! apo!c>y4 ,preci\s m ?an wisdom m ?an hon\r 7i4e4 & m ?an hon\r also71 follies 7b obs]ve 1 elaborate follies or false prud5ce1 *apt] ii4 #c71 a little 7di/ributive s+ul>1 "o out ( _m su*4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 #8& a little wisdom is m preci\s ?an great glory ( folly4' ,! objection to ?is r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 is t !y displace1 q contr>y to _! usual cu/om1 #8a little1' :i* comes at ! end ( ! s5t5ce1 a difficulty :i* ,d4 ,f4 ,x4 palliate by read+ #8?an ! glory ( great folly4' ,! ,syriac reads1 #8s a little folly is m weighty ?an wisdom & great glory4' ,symma*us reads1 1 #8ev5 if a little4' ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 & rememb]+ ! mean+ ( 1 :i* is a p]v]se or false wisdom1 ! text z x /&s makes v good s5se3 #8,a s+le bl[-fly w corrupt & make f]m5t ! c>efully prep>$ oil ( ! apo!c>y2 s m preci\s ?an wisdom or hon\r1 ev5 is a little "o out ( ! _m p]v]se follies1' i4e4 ?is p]v]se k9d ( wisdom w de/roy a reputation = intellect & probity1 & t also ev5 :5 ! ga9 propos$ is b a small matt]1 & w cause ! subject ( x to sacrifice prud5ce & reputation = ! sake ( "s :im :i* he kn[s is n wor? hav+74 #b ,a wise man's he>t is at ,! he>t ( ! wise man is at 8 "r h&2 b a fool's 8 "r h&1 b ! he>t he>t at 8 left4 ( a fooli% "o is at 8 left h&4 7#b47 ,! he>t ( a wise man is at 8 "r1 b ! he>t ( a fooli% "o is at 8 left 7! he>t is really at ! left side1 b ?is is ! natural he>t4 ,he>t is h[ev] to be und]/ood n z mean+ ! und]/&+1 b moral s5tim5ts1 :i* is its metaphorical signification 9 ?is book74 #c ,yea also1 :5 he t is ,& also 9 ! way1 l ! a fool walke? by ! way1 8 wise fool he is1 out ( he>t wisdom faile? him1 & he he walks1 & says to all1 ,:at sai? to e "o t he elaborate folly ?is is6 is a fool4 ,hebrew 8 he>t4 7#c47 ,& moreov] 9 ! way 7:i* ^w #8way' is s con/antly us$ 9 an e?ical s5se,psalms cxix4 #at we _c ov]look x "h7 l t :i* is ! wise fool's 7! ,masorets notice ! article "h1 & pron\nce x sup]flu\s1 b x is n s2 = ! mean+ is1 t x is l ! p]v]sely wise fool's way g5]ically1 9 ?is7 t z he walks1 8 he>t 7! ?ird "t #8he>t' has occurr$ 9 ?is passage1 rais+ ! ^w into great emphasis & importance71 fails 7! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion consid]s ?is to mean a failure 9 wisdom1 b x is r a failure ( confid5ce1 :i* is ! e?ical mean+ ( ! t]m #8he>t'7 & says 7! ne>e/ nom9ative is 1 he>t1 & s ! ,,lxx4 und]/ood1 = !y r5d] 1 444 #8t :i* he ?9ks (' is folly2 ?is makes good s5se7 to all1 p]v]se folly x is 7emphatic1 h5ce ! mean+ is1 #8he is out ( he>t altoge!r1' or #88 he>t misgives him2' & x says1 #8:at p]v]se folly x all really is4' ,consci5ce convicts ^? clev] wick$ plans1 & !y :o devise !m "k t !y are only elaborate mi/akes74 #d ,if ! _s ( ! rul] ,if ! _s ( ! rul+ rise up aga9/ !e1 leave "o %\ld g =? aga9/ n ?y place2 = yield+ !e1 ?y /ation d n quit1 pacifie? great (f5ces4 because a rem$y may cure wick$ errors :i* are great4 7#d47 ,if a _s ( ! rul+ "o 7n1 z usually r5d]$1 ! rul]1 :i* does n exactly convey ! idea7 goes up aga9/ !e 7! ,,lxx4 %[ t !y s und]/ood x by r5d]+ 7 ?y place d n yield 7! s5se ( ! passage is1 #8,if !re be too /rong a _s aga9/ y1 if y are sail+1 z x 71 9 ! tee? ( ! w9d1 d n yield :5 y h good gr\nds = rema9+3' ?is makes excell5t s5se1 is cognate to ! accompany+ passages1 & foll[s ! ,,lxx47 = a heal+ 71 occurs ,prov]bs xiv4 #cj & xv4 #d only1 ! ,,lxx4 read 1 #8a rem$y'7 pacifies mi/akes 7) ! usual idea ( culpability atta*+ to ?is ^w7 great ones 7! idea is #8d n yield to m]e adv]se circum/ances :5 ev5 culpable mi/akes admit ( a rem$y4'7 #e ,!re is an evil :i* ,i ,!re exi/s an evil :i* ,i h se5 "u ! sun1 z an h obs]v$ 9 ?is "w-day error :i* proce$e? f _w1 l an error :i* goes ! rul]3 =? f be=e ! face ( ! ,p[]ful1 ,hebrew f be=e4 7#e47 ,!re exi/s an evil 7notice ab/ract ) its %ade ( mean+1 :i*7 ,i h se5 "u ! sun1 l t :i* is errone\s 71 see *apt] v4 #e 7#f71 #8an inadv]t5ce'71 :i* goes out 7! v]b has ! contract-relative jo9$ ) x2 ! exact idea is t x is l an inadv]t5ce1 su* z might g out on ! "p ( ! rul]'s comm&1 ! great ,rul] be+ 9 ! m9d ( ! writ]1 b ! proposition is g5]al7 f ! face ( ! caus$ to h p[] 7a #8provid5tial mi/ake1' !n74 #f ,folly is set 9 great viz41 ! sett+ ( false dignity1 & ! ri* sit 9 wisdom 9 high places1 & ! l[ place4 ri* sit 9 l[ e/ate4 ,hebrew 9 great heights4 7#f47 ,set 7t is1 ! rul] does ?is1 b1 z usual1 ?is is n express$ :5 ! proposition is int5d$ to h a g5]al be>+7 ! p]v]se fool 7g5]ic#8p]v]se folly' !n w be a good r5d]+7 9 high places _m a "o1 & ! ri* 7b ! hiphil =m is wor?y ( rem>k1 #8p]sons t make ri*'7 9 a l[ place 7 occurs s punctuat$ at ,psalms cxxxvi4 #bc only1 r5d]$ #8l[ e/ate'7 sit4 #g ,i h se5 s]vants ^u ,i h se5 s]fs on horseback1 horses1 & pr9ces walk+ z & pr9ces walk+ l s]fs s]vants ^u ! e>?4 afoot4 7#g47 ,i h obs]v$ s]vants 7slaves1 t is1 :o ought to s]ve7 ^u horseback1 & pr9ces walk+ z s]vants 7#8ought to d' is no d\bt involv$ 9 ?is expression#8s]vants' repeat$ be+ emphatic7 ^u ! e>? 7i4e4 afoot74 #h ,he t digge? a pit ,"o digs a pit1 into t he %all fall into x2 & :oso falls3 or breaks a h$ge1 gets breake? an h$ge1 a s]p5t bitt5 by a s]p5t4 %all bite him4 7#h47 ,dig 7n necess>ily ei!r a p>ticiple or an imp]ative7 a pitfall 7 occurs "h only1 & is said to be a late ^w2 x occurs 9 ,arabic & ,syriac4 ,t a #8pitfall' is meant is evid5t f ! context71 9 x 7emphatic7 he falls 7a s9i/] int5t 9 digg+ ?is pit is n necess>ily impli$1 b ! context %[s t su* is prim>ily aim$ at3 ?is is ! m evid5t :5 we recollect t is to #8dig1' & #8to br+ to confusion'72 & break a wall 7i4e4 an enclosure1 see ,job xix4 #h = ! precise mean+ ( ! root1 h5ce also ,numb]s xxii4 #bd71 bites him a s]p5t 7z we say1 #8gets bitt5 by a s]p5t1' :i* w\ld naturally lurk 9 loose /one walls74 80 replac$ ) 80 #i ,:oso remove? /ones ,moves /ones1 & f9ds !m %all be hurt !re)2 & 9 8 way3 *ops wood1 mu/ he t cleave? wood %all be be c>eful ) x4 endang]$ !reby4 7#i47 ,cause to move 7hiphil p>ticiple ( 1 #8br+ up'see ,exodus xv4 #bb7 /ones1 be tr\bl$ 7see ,g5esis xlv4 #e7 ) !m 7emphatic72 cleav+ 7poel p>ticiple1 occurs ,psalms cxli4 #g2 ,isaiah lxiii4 #ab only7 wood 7plural #8logs ( wood'7 be endang]$ 7?is is call$ a future niphal by ! ,masorets1 :o s po9t1 b ! real mean+ ( is evid5tly to #8take c>e1' s t ! read+ ( ! ,,lxx4 by 1 #8he %all be endang]$1' is ad s5sumx is lit]ally #8he %all take c>e1'7 ) !m 7emphatic1 all ^! are in/ances ( ei!r unexpect$ or un9t5tional results74 8hiphal0 replac$ ) 8hiphil0 = consi/5cy 80 replac$ ) 80 #aj ,if ! iron be blunt1 & ,if ! axe be blunt1 !n he d n :et ! edge1 !n its edge _h be/ be set3 & mu/ he put to m /r5g?3 !n if "o ( ! /rong hits b wisdom is pr(itable to prevail1 ! skilful hit 0 direct4 x4 7#aj47 ,if blunt 7occurs ,j]emiah xxxi4 #bi1 #cj1 & ,ezekiel xviii4 #b;9 ! s5se ( #8tee? set on edge3' !re ! ,masorets po9t z ,kal1 "h z piel7 ! iron1 & he 7emphatic1 b !re is no nom9ative express$ to :i* ?is c ref]7 n ! faces 7usually consid]$ to ref] to ! edges ( ! axe-head7 %>p5 7occurs ,ezekiel xxi4 #ba 7#bf71 z pilpel ( 1 :i* has ! mean+ ( #8lightness1' #8swiftness2' ! ^w occurs z an adjective1 ,numb]s xxi4 #e1 9 ! s5se ( #8light1'our s\l loa!? ?is light food7 & /rong ones w prevail 7s+ul>1 ,if #8/rong ones' be ! nom9ative1 ?is is an in/ance ( a di/ributive plural"o or m ( ^! w2 ! future piel has ! mean+ #8/r5g!n1' ! ,kal #8to prevail1' b we c only consid] ?is z a ,masoretic conjecture7 & pr(it caus+ success 7b ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 1 #8advantage'see bel[2 b occurs only ,e/h] viii4 #e1 & *apt] xi4 #f2 see h[ev] 1 :i* occurs *apt] ii4 #ba1 iv4 #d1 v4 #aj 7#aa71 :i* we h se5 occasion to r5d] #8success2' h5ce ! mean+1 #8! made successful is'7 wisdom 7n g5]ic1 i4e4 a s+le in/ance ( x74 ,! g5]al scope is q cle>2 x is ! sup]iority ( wisdom to brute =ce1 & s all comm5tators & v]sions und]/& x2 b ! exact r5d]+ is v difficult2all ! v]sions are p]plex$ & discordant1 & ! copies ( ! ,,lxx4 h an important textual v>iation4 ,we w give ^! at l5g?1 beg9n+ ) ! ,,lxx4 z ! mo/ anci5t4 ,?is reads 7:i* ,b4 reads 1 & ,e4 ,x4 7 #8,if ! axe-head %\ld fall (f1 !n ! man tr\bles 8 c\nt5ance1 & he mu/ put =? m /r5g?2 & wisdom is ! advantage ( an en]getic man4' ,! ,syriac v]sion1 7 ,syriac phrase7 #8,if ! axe be blunt1 & x tr\bles ! face & increases ! sla92 & ! advantage ( ! dilig5t is wisdom4' ,! ,vulgate reads#8,si retusam fu]it f]rum et hoc non ut prius s$ hebetatum fu]it1 multo labore exacuetur et po/ indu/riam sequetur sapi5tia'#8,if ! iron %\ld be blunt1 & ?is n z be=e1 b %\ld h lo/ its edge1 x is %>p5$ ) mu* lab\r2 & aft] indu/ry w foll[ wisdom4' ,j]ome r5d]s ! =m] "p 9 con=mity ) ! ,vulgate2 b aft] #8non ut prius1' :i* he also has1 runs on )#8s$ conturbatum fu]it1 virtutibus corroborabitur1 et reliquum =titud9is sapi5tia e/ 444'#8b is tr\bl$2 x %all be /r5g!n$ by virtues1 & ! rema9d] ( /r5g? is wisdom4' ,x w be se5 !n t we h reason to suspect a corruption ( ! text2 & we ?9k t ! suspici\s #8non ut prius' ( ! ,vulgate & ,j]ome %[s :at ?is corruption 04 ,we notice also t nei!r ! ,,lxx4 nor ! ,syriac take any notice ( ! negative4 ,guid$ by ! clue ?us giv51 we w v5ture on ! foll[+ conjectural em5dation ( ! text4 ,we imag9e t x 0 orig9ally writt5 ?us1 1 ! be+ writt5 fulll 9 *apt] vi4 #aj1 comp>e also *apt] viii4 #a1 ,nehemiah ix4 #ai;& hav+ ! mean+1 #8to ! faces' or #8edges4' ,su* an ins]tion ( be+ unusual1 w\ld cause suspicion to re/ on ! passage1 & ! transition to w\ld be easy4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 b "o out ( _m possible conjectures1 & ! ,vulgate has pres]v$ ano!r1 namely1 t ! read+ 0 1 #8z be=e1' &1 z 0 common ) ! anci5t v]sions1 ins]ts bo? ! read+ & its v>iant into ! text4 ,?is conjectural *ange 9 ! text w make all q cle>2 ! passage w !n read ?us#8,if ! iron be blunt1 & s x is z to its edges :ett$1 & s too bl[s prevail1 & s too an advantage is ! success due to an in/ance ( wisdom1' i4e4 9 ?is case a skilful hit4 ,t is1 if ! axe be blunt1 gr9d+1 =ce1 & skill toge!r1 w produce ! requir$ result4 ,no d\bt ?is c only be put =? z m]e conjecture1 b1 9 ! abs5ce ( any satisfactory int]pretation1 may be admitt$2 =1 9 fact1 arbitr>y s5ses giv5 to words1 & ! ins]tions ( explanatory glosses n imm$iately d$ucible f ! orig9al1 d am\nt to alt]ations ( ! text4 ,none ( ! o!r anci5t ,greek v]sions h be5 pres]v$ 9 ?is place1 except a read+ ( ,symma*us1 :i* is v curi\s1 %[+ /ill m =cibly h[ e>ly ! difficulty mu/ h aris51 s9ce x is at be/ a read+ ad s5sum only1 1 #8& ! nimble advances into wisdom4' 8exacuet]0 replac$ ) 8exacuetur0 8sequet]0 replac$ ) 8sequetur0 80 replac$ ) 80 #aa ,surely ! s]p5t w ,if bites ! snake be=e ! bite )\t en*antm5t2 & *>m is sung1 !n :at is ! a babbl] is no bett]4 pr(it ( ! skilful tongue8 ,hebrew ! ma/] ( ! tongue4 7#aa47 ,if bites ! s]p5t 7) ! article1 & !re=e g5]ics]p5ts g5]ally7 )\t 72 we may well suppose t ! full =m is us$ n )\t mean+2 x occurs ,isaiah lv4 #a1 #b1 9 ! s5se ( #8! abs5ce (1' :i* well suits ! context "h17 :isp]+ 7occurs ,isaiah ii4 #c1 #bj1 & xxvi4 #f2 ,j]emiah viii4 #ag1 etc471 & !re is no?+ ( pr(it to ! ma/] ( ! tongue 7) article1 h5ce g5]ic4 ,! r5d]+ ( ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion is d]iv$ f ! ,vulgate4 ,! allit]ation %[s t ! aphorism is equivocal1 x is ! conv]se ( ! =m]3 skill w help =ce1 b aft] ! mis*ief is done skill is ( no use4 ,!re is also "h an ironical depreciation ( s]p5t-*>m+74 #ab ,! words ( a wise man's ,ea* ^w ( a wise man's m\? are graci\s2 b ! m\? is grace1 b ! lips ( lips ( a fool w swall[ up a fool w swall[ him apace4 himself4 ,hebrew grace4 7#ab47 ,! words ( 79 ! usual s5se ( reason+s7 ! m\? ( a wise man1 a fav\r 7i4e4 are ea* "o s71 b ! lips ( ! fooli% swall[ him 7future piel1 occurs #b ,samuel xx4 #ai1 #bj2 ,job viii4 #ah1 9 ! s5se ( #8de/roy2' h5ce ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 2 comp>e ,mat!w xiv4 #cj1 xviii4 #f4 ,"h too we h a s+ul> v]b ) a plural n\n#8any "o ( a fool's words may be 8 de/ruction4' ,notice also ! impli$ diff]5ce#8a fool talks ) 8 lips1 a wise man reasons'74 #ac ,! beg9n+ ( ! ,! beg9n+s ( 8 words ( 8 m\? is reason+s are ea* a wise fooli%ness3 & ! end ( error1 & ! result ( :at 8 talk is mis*iev\s he says are disappo9t$ madness4 expectations1 e "o ( :i* is mis*iev\s4 ,hebrew 8 m\?4 7#ac47 ,! beg9n+ ( words 7or reason+s7 ( 8 m\?1 elaborate follies 7 9 its usual s5se2 & ! :ole be+ )\t ! article gives ! mean+#8,ea* beg9n+ ( ! reason+s ( 8 m\? is "o out ( a numb] ( elaborate follies2 8 reason+s are !mselves elaborate mi/akes'71 & an end 7 is us$ to signify ! la/ end1 ,numb]s xxiii4 #aj2 see *apt] vii4 #h7 ( 8 m\? 7repeat$1 #8t same m\?'7 disappo9t$ expectations 71 9 its usual s5se 9 ?is book7 mis*iev\s 7s+ul>1 ea* "o ( :i* is s74 #ad ,a fool also is full ( ,& ! wise fool multiplies words3 a man _c tell :at 8 reasons1 ?\gh no man %all be2 & :at %all be und]/&s ! pres5t1 & aft] him1 :o c tell him8 ! future results no "o c decl>e4 ,hebrew multiplie? words4 7#ad47 ,& ! elaborate fool multiplies words1 n kn[+ 7i4e4 :5 !re is no kn[+ by7 ! man 7humanity g5]ally7 :at x is :i* w be 7b ! ,alex&r9e & ,vatican read app>5tly 1 1 :i* ,a4 ,e4 ,x4 alt] to 1 #8:i* %all be4' ,! ,syriac supports ! ,,lxx41 b ,symma*us reads ' #8! ?+s :i* 7 be=e1 b n ^? :i* come aft]':i* ! ,vulgate foll[s4 ,j]ome1 h[ev]1 foll[s ! ,,lxx4 aga9/ ! ,vulgate2 nev]!less we %\ld n be incl9$ to alt] ! text1 b w\ld r reg>d ! read+ ( ! ,,lxx4 z ad s5sum! object be+ to give ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! contract$ & full relative & ! subjunctive mean+ atta*+ to ?is =m4 ,?us is t :i* is or exi/s1 ! #8he does n "k !n ! real /ate ( ?+s'is ! mean+2 = ) ?is agrees :at foll[s71 & :i* 7full relative7 is 7or w be7 f aft] him 7b !re is no reason :y %\ld n be consid]$ z a p>ticipial n\n1 z ! ,,lxx4 make x1 & !n we mu/ r5d] ! #8future' 9 ! s5se ( :at occurs 9 ! future7 :o tells to him 7emphatic74 ,! mean+ ( ! passage is#8,t ! elaborate fool multiplies reason+s1 :i* are sure to h an evil t5d5cy1 z !y are int5d$ to promote 8 elaborate folly1 al?\gh man g5]ally nei!r und]/&s ! mean+ ( ! pres5t1 nor c div9e ! future4' ,! difficulty ( ! s5t5ce arises f ! play betwe5 & 4 #ae ,! lab\r ( ! fooli% ,a toil ( fools w we>ie? e "o ( !m1 we>y !m ea* "o1 :o has because he kn[e? n h[ to altoge!r lo/ 8 way4 g to ! city4 7#ae47 ,! toil 7i4e4 #8anxi\s c>e1' :i* is ! mean+ ( ?is ^w7 ( ! fooli% ones we>ies him 7ano!r di/ributive plural2 ! result ( ^! v>i\s fools' lab\r is we>9ess to ea* ( !m4 ,x is also to be notic$ t ! v]b is fem99e1 & yet is usually mascul9e4 ,sev]al n\ns are1 ,/u>t obs]ves1 mascul9e or fem99e ad libitum scriptoris4 ,!re is h[ev]1 we suspect1 a p]ceptible diff]5ce 9 ! mean+ 9 ^! cases4 ,! /rict] agreem5t d5otes clos] union betwe5 ! v]b & its nom9ative2 & if ?is be s1 ! idea ( ! passage may be r5d]$ by #8! toil ( ! fools is self-we>9ess'71 :i* 7full relative1 equival5t !re=e to #8because' he does7 n "k 7or is in/ruct$7 to 79 ord] to7 g t[>ds 71 ,,lxx4 7 a city 7n ! city1 z is usually r5d]$47 ,! obvi\s mean+ w\ld surely be1 t ! fool _h lo/ 8 way1 & h5ce z he is go+ wrong he has simply 8 tr\ble = 8 pa9s4 #af ,woe to !e1 ,o l&1 ,ah6 woe to !e1 ,o c\ntry1 :5 ?y k+ is a *ild1 ^: k+ is a *ild1 & ?y & ?y pr9ces eat 9 ! pr9ces eat 9 ! morn+4 morn+6 7#af47 ,woe to !e1 l&1 ^: k+ is a lad1 & ?y pr9ces 9 ! morn+ eat 7i4e4 #8fea/1' ! morn+ be+ ! prop] "t = "w1 & n = fea/+4 ,comp>e ,isaiah v4 #aa74 #ag ,bless$ art ?\1 ,bless$ art ?\1 ,o c\ntry1 ,o l&1 :5 ?y k+ is ^: k+ is ! son ( ! son ( nobles1 & ?y nobles1 & ?y pr9ces eat 9 pr9ces eat 9 due season1 due season1 = /r5g? & = /r5g?1 & n = n = drunk5ness4 drunk5ness6 7#ag47 ,bless+s on !e1 l&1 ^: k+ is a son ( nobles 71 ,,lxx471 & ?y pr9ces 9 season eat1 & n 9 drunk5ness 7b ! ,,lxx4 r5d] #8& %all n be a%am$'read+ ! z ?\gh ! 7 radical1 & d]iv+ ! ^w f 1 #8to be a%am$4' ,?us is probably pres]v$ an int5tional equivoke47 #ah ,by mu* slo?fulness ,:5 !y are idle1 !re ! build+ decaye?2 & is a sl5d] support1 & ?r\gh idl5ess ( ! h&s :5 bo? h&s hang d[n1 ! h\se droppe? ?r\gh4 ! ro(-tree w weep4 7#ah47 ,by idl5esses 7,prov]bs xix4 #ae only2 b 1 #8! slugg>d1' occurs cont9ually 9 ,prov]bs1 & once z a v]b1 ,judges xviii4 #i4 ,! ^w is po9t$ z a dual1 b ! mean+ #8idl5esses' suits ! context7 decaye? 71 occurs ,kal1 ,psalms cvi4 #dc1 niphal "h1 & hiphil ,job xxiv4 #bd1 all7 ! beam 7 "h only1 b ! ^w diff]s only 9 po9t+ f ! hap1 & ! equivoke c\ld h>dly be un9t5tional71 & 9 l[ness ( h&s drops 7occurs ,job xvi4 #bj1 ,psalms cxix4 #bh2 b notice ! read+s ( ! ,,lxx41 :i* are peculi>7 ! h\se4 #ai ,a fea/ is made = ,= pleasure !y make bread1 laught]1 & w9e make? & w9e rejoices life1 b m]ry3 b money answ]e? all silv] subs]ves ) respect ?+s4 to ev]y?+4 ,hebrew make? glad ! life4 7#ai47 ,to laught] are mak+s 7:i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d]s by 1 #8!y make'7 bread & w9e rejoices 7! ,masorets consid] ?is a piel & transitive7 lives1 & ! silv] 7) ! article1 & !re=e g5]icmoney7 answ]e? ) respect to all ?+s 7bo? s5ses ( are giv5 9 ! v]sions ( ! ,,lxx4 1 ,alex&r9e1 #8humbly obeys1' & 1 ,vatican1 #8w humble4' ,! ,alex&r9e also reads 4 ,! ,syriac reads also d\ble1 z d "s copies ( ! ,,lxx47 ,syriac phrase7#8& money oppresses & leads !m a/ray 9 all4' ,! ,alex&r9e read+1 h[ev]1 makes q consi/5t s5se1 & squ>es entirely ) ! re/ ( ! passage4 ,bread is prep>$ = pleasure r ?an support1 w9e rejoices he>ts already m]ryits real use is to *e] ^? :o are fa9t ) toil or sorr[2 & silv]1 :i* "o c nei!r eat nor dr9k1 is pref]r$ to bread & w9e & ev]y?+ else74 #bj ,curse n ! k+1 ,also1 ev5 9 ?y consci5ce no n 9 ?y ?\ght2 & a k+ d n revile1 & 9 curse n ! ri* 9 ?y secret places ( ! b$-*amb] b$-*amb]3 = a bird ( ! nei!r d ?\ revile ! ri*3 air %all c>ry ! voice1 & = a bird ( ! heav5s w t :i* ha? w+s %all c>ry out ! rum\r1 & ! tell ! matt]4 swift "o on w+s %all tell ! matt]4 ,or1 consci5ce4 7#bj47 ,also 9 ?y und]/&+ 7occurs ,daniel i4 #d1 #ag2 #b ,*ronicles i4 #aj1 #aa1 #ab only1 & always ) ?is mean+3 all ! anci5t v]sions foll[ ! idea conta9$ 9 ! ,,lxx4's 1 :i* w\ld seem to give ! notion t ?is curse 0 a reasonable1 n a ha/y "o7 a k+ 7n ! k+1 any k+7 d n curse2 & 9 ! inn]mo/ ( ?y b$-*amb]s d n ei!r curse ! ri* p]son 7! idea ( curs+ or revil+ is ( c\rse "h prom95t71 = a bird ( ! heav5s %all cause to convey ! voice 7) & ! article1 ) #8respect to t voice' is ! mean+! rum\r w get abroad 9 a my/]i\s way7 & a "l ( ! w+$ ones 7! ,masorets wi% to omit ! article 9 7 %all tell ! matt] 7! ,,lxx4 note ! emphasis giv5 by & ! articles by add+ ! pron\n 1 :i* is simply a r5d]+ ad s5sum',treason1 l murd]1 w out'74 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,ca/ ?y bread ^u ! ,,ca/ ?y bread on ! face wat]s3 = ?\ %alt f9d x ( ! wat]s3 = 9 ! aft] _m days4 multitude ( ! days?\ wilt f9d x4 ,hebrew ^u ! face ( ! wat]s4 ,,xi4 7#a47 ,ca/ ?y bread ^u ! face ( ! wat]s1 = 9 ! multitude ( ! days ?\ %alt f9d x4 7,?is passage is usually tak5 z an exhortation to lib]ality4 ,h5g/5b]g h[ev] und]/&s x to ref] to %ips & _! c>go ( gra94 ,zckl] ref]s to ,prov]bs xi4 #bd = a simil> s5tim5t1 & ,luke xvi4 #i2 ! idea is cle>ly t ( an unexpect$ return74 8,zkl]0 replac$ ) 8,zckl]0 = consi/5cy #b ,give a portion to sev51 ,give a %>e all r\nd1 & & also to eight2 = ?\ to "s "o else beside1 = kn[e/ n :at evil %all be ?\ do/ n "k :at sort ( ^u ! e>?4 mis*ief %all be 9 ! e>?4 7#b47 ,give a portion to sev51 & also to eight 7see ,job v4 #ai1 ,micah v4 #d 7#e71 = simil> idioms2 x is equival5t to our #8ev]ybody1 & "s "o else'71 = n do/ ?\ "k :at %all be mis*ief ^u ! e>?4 #c ,if ! cl\ds be full ( ,,if ! cl\ds are ,,full ( ra91 !y empty !mselves ra91 !y empty !mselves ^u ! e>?3 & if ! ^u ! e>?2 & if falls tree fall t[>d ! s\?1 or ! tree by ! s\? w9d or t[>d ! nor?1 9 ! place by ! nor?! place :]e :]e ! tree falle?1 !re ! tree falls is j :]e x %all be4 x w be4 7#c47 ,if !y are full ! cl\ds 7 is ! ?ick vap\r t appe>s & disappe>s7 ra9 7 is ! /orm ra9 :i* does mis*ief or good accord+ to circum/ances1 see *apt] xii4 #b7 !y cause to empty 7cl\ds d n always progno/icate ra92 & ev5 if !y %\ld1 a /orm may d mis*ief r ?an good72 & if is fall+ a tree 9 ! s\?1 or if ei!r 9 ! nor? 7#8if' is h5ce emphatic7 ! place :]e may fall 7contract$ relative7 ! tree 7n[ ) ! article1 = x is ! fall+ tree spok5 ( above7 !re x w be 7! unusual =m has tr\bl$ ! comm5tators mu*3 ,moses ,/u>t pron\nces ! to be otiose1 :i* is n expla9+ ! =m at all4 ,b may n ! foll[+ be a suffici5t explanation8 9 ?is book is us$ 9 ! s5se ( ! exi/5ce ( an object3 might n ,kohele? co9 a v]b by add+ ! ( ! pres5t t5se1 ) ! idea1 #8makes itself be'8comp>e also ,jo%ua x4 #bd1 ,isaiah xxiii4 #ab1 :]e ?is otiose occurs2 ! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 by %[s h[ !y und]/ood x1 & s also ! ,syriac & ,vulgate4 ,! :ole s5t5ce is ironical1 :5 ! tree has really fall51 !n we "k :i* way x fell4 ,! ,masoretic acc5tuation ( ?is passage is peculi>we %\ld naturally h expect$ !m to h divid$ ! v]se into two clauses1 at 1 #8!y empty1' in/ead ( :i* ! greate/ pause occurs at #8nor?' 1 b ?is me?od ( read+ r5d]s ! irony ( ! passage2 ! v]se w !n /& ?us3#8,if ! cl\ds are full ( ra9 !y w empty !mselves ^u ! e>?1 & s if ! tree %\ld incl9e to ! s\?1 or if x %\ld incl9e to ! nor?! place :]e x falls is :]e x really w be4' ,! acc5tuation is rhetorical r ?an logical1 & ! ,masorets h %[n great ta/e 9 _! po9t+74 #d ,he t obs]ve? ! w9d ,look+ at ! w9d "o does %all n s[2 & he t n s[1 & gaz+ into ! reg>de? ! cl\ds %all n cl\ds "o does n reap4 reap4 7#d47 ,reg>d+ w9d6 n does "o s[ 7imp]sonal71 & look+ into cl\ds nei!r is "o reap+ 7we mu/ att5d to ! precise =m ( ! words 9 ?is s5t5ce 9 ord] to ga!r ! true nature ( ! s>casm hidd5 9 x2 ! ,,lxx4 h cle>ly m>k$ ^! =ms 9 _! r5d]+74 #e ,z ?\ kn[e/ n :at ,j z ?\ art n "o :o is ! way ( ! _s1 kn[s ! way ( ! _s1 nor h[ ! bones d gr[ h[ ! bones are 9 ! womb 9 ! womb ( h] t is ( ! pregnant3 j s ?\ ) *ild3 ev5 s ?\ kn[e/ no?+ ) respect kn[e/ n ! works ( ,god to ! work+ ( ! ,almighty1 :o make? all4 :o is work+ out ! :ole4 7#e47 ,z ?\ art n "o :o kn[s :at is ! way ( ! _s1 l ! bones 9 ! womb ( ! pregnant1 j s1 ?\ do/ n "k1 ) respect to ! work+ ( ! ,deity1 ,:o is ,he t 7full relative7 p]=ms ) reg>d to ! :ole4 7,! ,,lxx4 r5d] ! fir/ "p 1 #8among :om none kn[s1' tak+ no notice ( ! pron\n ?\4 ,did !y read ! at ! end ( z beg9n+ ! foll[+ ^w8 ,t ! s5t5ce is equivocal1 & t ?is equivoke helps ! g5]al drift ( ! passage is n to be d\bt$47 ,! subject n[ returns to ! previ\s tra9 ( argum5t1 :i* directs man to d 8 duty 9 submission to ! inscrutable ways ( ,provid5ce4 #f ,9 ! morn+ s[ ?y ,9 ! morn+ s[ ! se$ se$1 & 9 ! ev5+ ?\ oughte/1 & to ! )hold n ?9e h&3 ev5+ d n )hold ?y = ?\ kn[e/ n :e!r h&1 = ,,?\ can/ n tell %all prosp]1 ei!r ?is if x %all succe$1 :e!r or t1 or :e!r !y bo? ?is or ano!r1 or if all ( %all be alike good4 x %all be alike good4 ,hebrew %all be "r4 7#f47 ,9 ! morn+ s[ ?y se$ 7) 1 #8s[ t se$ :i* y ought to s[1'7 & to ! ev5+ 7note ! *ange ( preposition1 x r5d]s ?is passage a bett] introduction to :at is to foll[3 !re is a ref]5ce to ! ev5+ ( life7 d n )hold ?y h& 7comp>e *apt] vii4 #ah1 :]e is us$ ) ?is v]b1 & obs]ve ! diff]5ce 9 mean+71 = x is n ?\ :o kn[e/ 7a repetition ( ?is clause f ! prec$+ v]se7 :e!r 7b comp>e #a ,k+s xxii4 #bd1 & #a ,samuel ix4 #ah1 %[+ t ! mean+ ) is #8:at way' or #8h[1'7 succe$s 7see *apt] x4 #aj & ref]5ces7 ! ?is or ?is1 or if bo? ( !m z "o 7 #8to ! same1' ,,lxx47 good 7plural2 s[+ is no d\bt tak5 g5]ically z a type ( human lab\r1 p]=m$ 9 expectation ( a future h>ve/1 & ! ,prea*] directs u to d our appo9t$ "w 9 pati5ce1 & f morn+ till ev5+1 i4e4 ! :ole day ?r\gh1 sure ( a good result4 ,! morn+ or ! ev5+ s[+ w1 "o or o!r1 p]haps bo?1 succe$2 ! transition to :at foll[s is q natural74 #g ,truly ! light is ,yes1 sweet is ! light1 & sweet1 & a pleasant ?+ a good to ! eyes ! sight ( x is = ! eyes to behold ! sun2 ! sun3 7#g47 ,& sweet 7b ! p>ticipial =m #8sweet5$' is n to be altoge!r ov]look$2 ?us1 #8is sweet5$'7 ! light1 & a good to ! eyes to behold 7i4e4 to h sight (7 ! sun1 7= life is a bless+1 & ?is is a reply to ! equivocal #8,i said 9 my he>t' ( *apt] iii4 #ah & iv4 #c74 #h ,b if a man live _m yet if man lives to ! v ye>s1 & rejoice 9 !m longe/ limit ( 8 days1 9 all2 yet let him rememb] ! all ( !m he may rejoice1 & days ( d>kness2 = !y rememb] ) respect to ! %all be _m4 ,all t come? days ( d>kness t !y is vanity4 %all be _m too3 all t is com+ is evanesc5t4 7#h47 ,= if ! ye>s are _m 7t is1 if 8 ye>s are z long z !y c be7 ! man 7humanity g5]ally7 9 all ( !m rejoices 7b z ! n\n /&s be=e ! v]b1 x is emphatic1 & 9 ?is case1 z ! v]b is prec$$ by 1 is pot5tial#8may rejoice'71 & rememb]s ) reg>d to days ( d>kness 7t is1 =getfulness1 ! days :5 he is =gott51 & also ( sorr[ or sadness1 = bo? mean+s are comb9$7 = ! _m 7repeat+ ! above1 ) ! s5se1 !n1 #8= v _m also1'7 w !y be1 all :i* may come 7#8e com+ ev5t' t is1 z ! contract$ relative %[s7 is vanity 7evanesc5t74 #i ,rejoice1 ,o "y man1 9 ,rejoice1 ,o *oice "y man1 ?y y\?2 & let ?y he>t 9 ! days ( ?y y\?1 & *e] !e 9 ! days ( ?y let ?y he>t d !e good 9 y\?1 & walk 9 ! ways ( ! *oice days ( ?y y\?1 ?9e he>t1 & 9 ! sight & walk 9 ways ( ?y he>t ( ?9e eyes3 b "k ?\1 & sights ( ?9e eyes1 & t = all ^! ?+s "k h[1 on acc\nt ( all ,god w br+ !e into ^! ?+s ?\ %alt be judgm5t4 summon$ ( ! ,almighty to judgm5t4 7#i47 ,rejoice1 "y man 7b has ! s5se ( #8*oice1' & ?is is to be rememb]$ "h7 9 ?y y\? 7b occurs "h only2 see h[ev] ,psalms cx4 #c1 :i* ! ,masorets po9t 2 ?is ^w is ! ab/ract ( ! ^w 1 :i* means #8to beget2' h5ce ! exact mean+ ( w\ld be #8productions'71 & cause good to !e let ?y he>t 9 days ( ?y *oos+s 7= also occurs only "h & *apt] xii4 #a1 & y\? !re=e is s designat$1 because x is a "t ( *oice71 & walk 9 ways ( ?y he>t1 & see+s ( ?9e eyes2 & "k h[1 ^u all ^!1 ?\ art caus$ to come ( ! ,deity into judgm5t4 7,! ,,lxx4 h "h ! gloss #89 ! ways ( ?9e he>t blameless2' b ! ,syriac ,hexapl> notes ?is gloss ) an a/]isk1 s t x is cle>ly n entitl$ to any weight2 x 0 no d\bt a subsequ5t addition to ! text1 because ! mean+ 0 n se51 z inde$ x _c be1 )\t a ref]5ce to ! d\ble mean+s ( ! ,hebrew words47 #aj ,!re=e remove sorr[ ,put away disappo9tm5t f f ?y he>t1 & put away ?9e he>t1 & purge away evil f ?y fle%3 = mis*ief f ?y fle%1 = *ildhood & y\? are *ildhood & e>ly vanity4 expectations are evanesc5t4 ,or1 ang]4 7#aj47 ,& put away disappo9tm5t 71 *apt] i4 #ah1 ref]5ces7 f ?y he>t1 & pass away evil f ?y fle%2 because ! produc+s & ! dawn+s 7 occurs "h only2 = ! mean+ ( ! root see ,job vii4 #ba1 ,psalms lxxviii4 #cd1 ,prov]bs xiii4 #bd4 ,s ! mean+ ( ! ^w "h is #8e>ly seek+s1' :i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d] ad s5sum by 1 #8! ignorance2' & ! ,syriac by 7 ,syriac phrase7 #8because *ildhood & n to "k'7 is vanity 7s+ul>2 #8ea* "o is s1' z a plural prec$es74 ,t ! passage is ironical we _c d\bt1 b x is good advice1 ev5 ! v be/1 z x /&s4 ,y\? is ! "t ( *oice1 ! "t ( productions1 or1 if "o w& ! expression w pres]ve an equivoke simil> to t 9 ! textconception2 b ?is "t is evanesc5t4 ,we *oose our pa? 9 life :5 "y1 b !n we _c g back4 ,he :o *anges 8 call+ once r>ely succe$s 9 x1 & nev] if he *ooses twice4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,rememb] n[ ?y ,creator 9 ,b rememb] ?y ,creator 9 ! days ( ?y y\?1 :ile ! days ( ?y *oice y\?1 ! evil days come n1 nor :ile ^! evil days come n1 ! ye>s draw nigh1 :5 ?\ & ^! ye>s approa*1 ( %alt say1 ,i h no pleasure :i* ?\ %alt say !re is 9 !m2 no?+ = me 9 ,,!m ( happy provid5ce2 ,,xii4 7#a47 ,& rememb] ) respect to ?y ,creators 7b is #8creat+'see ,isaiah xl4 #bh1 xli4 #e1 xlv4 #g1 #ah1 :]e ! p>ticiple poel occurs2 h5ce1 accord+ to ! /rict mean+1 x ought to be ?y creat+s7 9 days ( ?y *oos+s 7) ! same mean+ z be=e2 ! s5t5ce is d\btless int5tionally equivocal7 until n come days ( ! evil 7#8! evil days' is q correct1 b !n we mu/ rememb] ! emphasis falls on #8evil1' n #8days'71 & are caus$ to draw ne> ye>s 7n #8! ye>s1' :i* spoils ! pa?os ( ! passageye>s are oppos$ to days above7 :i* ?\ saye/ !re is no?+ to me 7emphatic7 9 !m ( delight 7b n )\t a %ade ( ! te*nical mean+1 #8provid5ce'z man gr[s old] he expects no delight2 no great good =tune c come to him74 #b ,:ile ! sun1 or ! be=e1 too1 is d>k5$ ! light1 or ! moon1 or ! sun1 & ! light1 & ! />s1 be n d>k5$1 nor moon1 & ! />s2 & ! ! cl\ds return aft] ! /orm-cl\d returns aft] ! ra93 tempe/4 7#b47 ,until n d>k5$ 7i4e4 be=e ?is happ5s7 is ! sun1 & ! light 7ref]r+ back to *apt] xi4 #g71 & ! moon1 & ! />s1 & return ! cl\ds 7/orm-cl\ds7 aft] ! ra9 7! tempe/u\s ra91 i4e4 /orm succe$s /orm74 #c ,9 ! day :5 ! ,9 a day :5 sore mov$ are keep]s ( ! h\se %all ! keep]s ( ! h\se1 tremble1 & ! /rong m5 & ! mighty mortals sadly %all b[ !mselves1 & ! p]plex !mselves1 & ! gr9d]s cease because !y gr9d+ maids are idle because are few1 & ^? t look !re is little to gr9d1 & out ( ! w9d[s be d>k5$1 ! ladies look into gloom ?r\gh ! w9d[s2 ,or1 fail because !y gr9d little4 7#c47 ,9 a day 7n ! day1 :i* aga9 spoils ! pa?os4 ,kohele? is n[ go+ to give specim5s ( evil days7 :5 di/urb$ are1 7occurs only ,e/h] iii4 #i1 & ,habakkuk ii4 #g1 pilpel4 ,?is ^w1 1 has be5 said to be a late "o1 b occurs ,deut]onomy xxviii4 #be2 ! idea is #8commotion1' :5 !y are or may be 9 commotion7 ! keep]s ( ! h\se1 & p]plex !mselves 7see *apt] i4 #ae1 vii4 #ac71 ! m5 71 #8weak m5'7 ( ! /r5g? 7x is q consi/5t ) ! "* ( ! writ] to jo9 su* t]ms z ^! toge!r1 ) an oblique s>casm hidd5 b5ea? !m71 & cease 7"h only1 a s-call$ late ^w7 ! gr9d+ maids1 because !y are dim9i%$1 & are d>k ! gaz]s 7fem99e7 9 ! w9d[s 77#a47 ! keep]s are ! slaves2 7#b47 ! /rong m5 ! ma/]s2 7#c47 ! gr9d+ maids ! wom5 s]vants2 7#d7 ! gaz]s are ! ladiescomp>e ,judges v4 #bh2 ?us is compris$ ! :ole family47 8#e0 replac$ ) 8#be0 #d ,& ! doors %all be & clos$ are ! doors 9 ! %ut 9 ! /reets1 :5 ! /reet 9 ! fail+ s\nd ( s\nd ( ! gr9d+ is l[1 ! mill1 & "o />ts at ! & he %all rise up at ! note ( a sp>r[1 & hu%$ voice ( ! bird1 & all ! are all ! daught]s ( song4 daught]s ( musick %all be br\ght l[2 7#d47 ,& %ut are ! doors 9 ! /reet1 9 ! fail+ voice ( ! gr9d+1 7or #8gr9d+ maid'71 & rises up 7z !re is no nom9ative we mu/ take x z imp]sonal1 #8"o rises up'7 to a voice ( ! sp>r[1 & br\ght l[ 7see ,isaiah ii4 #i1 & also xxix4 #d1 :]e ! ^w is us$ ( a mutt]+ voice7 all daught]s ( ! song4 #e ,also :5 !y %all ,moreov]1 ! height is be afraid ( t :i* is dread$1 & great fe>s are high1 & fe>s %all be 9 ! way1 & ! almond 9 ! way1 & ! almond tree ! h>b+] ( spr+ tree %all fl\ri%1 & ! is despis$1 & ! little gras%opp] %all be a burd51 gras%opp] ( summ] is z & desire %all fail3 because a burd51 & desire itself has man goe? to 8 long home1 fl$1 = man has dep>t$ to & ! m\rn]s g ab\t ! 8 long home1 & m\rn]s g /reets3 r\nd ! m>ket3 7#e47 ,moreov] 7?is m>ks a transition 9 ! catalogue ( ills1 ! =m] 7 ext]nal evils^! come f )97 also f ! height !y fe>2 & t]rors 9 ! way2 & ! almond is despis$2 & burd5s itself ! gras%opp]2 & scatt]$ ! desire4 7,?is passage has ex]cis$ translators & comm5tators f ! e>lie/ times4 ,! ,,lxx4 read 1 1 1 1 #8& !y %all look f ! height1 & fe>s %all be 9 ! way1 & ! almond-tree %all blossom1 & ! locu/ %all increase1 & ! cap] b]ry %all be scatt]$4' ,"h ,b4 read 1 #8into ! height4' ,aquila1 1 #8!y %all tremble a trembl+2' & 1 #8! cap]-b]ry %all fructify4' ,n[ ,symma*us1 quot$ by ,j]ome1 read#8,sup] hc etiam de eccelso videbunt1 et error erit 9 via1 et obdormiet vigilans1 et dissolvetur spiritus =titudo4' ,! la/ words are1 h[ev]1 pres]v$ 9 ,greek 4 #8,on ^! !y look f ! height1 & error w be 9 ! way1 & ! wat*ful w fall asleep1 & ! c\rage ( ! _s w be dissolv$4' ,! ,syriac reads7 ,syriac phrase7#8& also f ! height !y fe>1 & %all be t]rifi$ 9 ! way1 & ! wat* %all ru% ^u him1 & ! almond fl\ri%1 & ! gras%opp] be increas$1 & ! cap] %all bur/1 & desire %all cease4' ,we ?9k t1 ) ^! diff]5t v]sions be=e u1 all ( :i* h pres]v$ portions ( ! orig9al1 we %all be able to conjecture ! mean+ ( ! text4 ,x is j possible t orig9ally ! text read 1 & :i* might h be5 alt]$ by displac+ ! 1 & putt+ x on to ! beg9n+ ( ! next ^w2 = o!rwise x is h>d to suppose t ! ,,lxx4 w\ld g out ( _! way to alt] a read+ ! mean+ ( :i*1 z x /&s1 is s obvi\s4 ,b4 seems to h pres]v$ ?is orig9al read+4 ,! diff]5ce to ! s5se1 h[ev]1 is n great1 z ?is look+ upw>ds is evid5tly ! effect ( fe>1 z is %[n by ! next clause4 ,?is beg9s ) ! ^w a r$uplicat$ & !re=e emphasiz$ =m ( 1 to #8be dismay$1' or #8di/ract$1' z 9 ! s5se ( #8brok5 9 pieces2' h5ce ! r5d]+ ( ,aquila3 #8,^! int5se trembl+s 9 ! way':i* ^w #8way' surely we may int]pret 9 ! e?ical s5se s common 9 ?is book ( #8way ( life'are ! natural result ( #8look+ ) fe>fulness into ! height4' ,comp>e *apt] iii4 #ba4 80 replac$ ) 80 ,! next clause is /ill m obscure4 ,! ^w has1 9 all o!r places1 ! mean+ #8to be despis$1' or1 9 piel1 to #8provoke4' ,! hiphil occurs "h only1 & is r5d]$1 contr>y to all analogy1 #8fl\ri%4' ,?is is virtually to alt] ! text2 & ?\gh ! ,,lxx4 support ?is r5d]+1 x is cle>1 f its v>i\s read+s1 t ! ,greek text has also be5 tamp]$ )4 ,! orig9al mean+ has app>5tly be5 pres]v$ by ,symma*us1 & by ! alt]native r5d]+ ( ! ,syriac4 ,!n z to #8! almond tree1' 3 ! ^w occurs ,g5esis xliii4 #aa1 ,numb]s xvii4 #h 7#bc71 ,j]emiah i4 #aa1 all4 ,?is la/ passage gives probably ! clue4 ,! almond is ! fir/ tree to blossom 9 ! com+ spr+1 & is its h>b+]2 x is1 z x 71 9 a hurry to welcome x2 b ?is h>b+] ( spr+ is despis$4 ,z to ! int]pretation t ! almond blossom is an allegorical description ( ! :ite hairs ( an old man1 x may be answ]$ t ! almond blossom is p9k1 n :ite4 ,! next clause#8,! gras%opp] %all be a burd5'may be expla9$ by notic+ t ! ^w occurs ,numb]s xiii4 #cc1 ,isaiah xl4 #bb1 z ! type ( some?+ small or insignificant4 ,! only o!r two places1 viz4 ,leviticus xi4 #bb1 #b ,*ronicles vii4 #ac1 :]e ! ^w occurs1 %[ t ?is creature 0 edible1 b might become a plague4 1 ! hi?pael ( 1 occurs "h only2 #8burd5s itself' is ! exact mean+4 ,! ,engli% ,v]sion no d\bt gives "h ! true s5se4 ,! next clause#8,desire %all fail'may be expla9$ 9 ! same way4 ,! ^w 1 ! hiphil ( 1 has always ! mean+ to #8break1' #8disannul'see ,numb]s xxx4 #ac1 ,job xv4 #d1 & hophal1 ,ze*>iah xi4 #aa4 ,evid5tly ,symma*us1 ) ! read+ 1 has pres]v$ ! true mean+2 = by he has r5d]$ ! ^w 1 :i* occurs "h only4 ,n[ we h no "r to seek a /range signification = ?is ^w :5 fair s5se c be made accord+ to ! ord9>y d]ivations4 occurs frequ5tly 9 ! s5se ( #8a poor p]son'! root be+ 1 #8to wi%1' or #8desire4' ,j]ome translates1 z we see#8,et dissolvetur spiritus =titud9is'#8! _s or brea? ( ! brave is dissolv$1' :i* is ad s5sum2 s t we may take z simply an ab/ract ( 1 ) ! mean+ ( #8wi%fulness1' or #8long+4' ,?us ! read+ ( ! ,,lxx4 is expla9$3 ,cap]s are provocatives ( desire or appetite1 & h5ce _! ,hebrew "n4 ,! ( ,symma*us occurs only once aga91 at ,isaiah liii4 #c1 :]e x repres5ts ! ,hebrew 1 #8griefs' 7see ,field's mo/ in/ructive note1 ,hexapl> 9 loc474 ,?us we v5ture to (f] ! foll[+ z a probable explanation ( ?is passage3#8,besides1 !y look ) dread on high1 & great dismay is 9 ! way1 & ! almond tree 7z a symbol ( anticipation7 is despis$1 & ! gras%opp] 7z a symbol ( :at is small & light7 is burd5some1 & ! cap]-b]ries 7z ! symbol ( desires or long+s7 are scatt]$4' ,9 ! la/ clause ! metaphorical out-tops ! lit]al mean+1 z ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion r5d]s1 rightly ab&on+ ! ,,lxx4 at ?is po9t47 ,= 7or #8s'7 advances 71 recall+ *apt] i47 ! man 79 ! ord9>y te*nical mean+ ( humanity7 to 7#8t[>ds1' ,,lxx4 1 9 its prim>y s5se ( motion to a place7 a h\se ( 8 age 71 hav+ its ord9>y s5se ( #8! age1' or 1 z ! ,,lxx4 r5d]4 ,! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion's #8long home' is a beautiful p>aphrase3 8 #8brief home' is 8 h\se2 8 #8long home' 8 tomb71 & g r\nd 9 ! /reet 7:i* ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 #89 ! m>ket'7 ! m\rn]s 7^? :o m\rn = ! dead74 #f ,or ev] ! silv] cord or ev] ! silv] l9e runs be loos$1 or ! gold5 b[l out1 or ! gold5 oil b[l is be brok51 or ! pit*] be remov$1 or ! pit*] is brok5 at ! f\nta91 or ! %att]$ at ! f\nta91 or :eel brok5 at ! ci/]n4 :eel runs d[n at ! well1 or ! du/ returns to ! e>? #g ,!n %all ! du/ return :]e x 01 or ! _s is to ! e>? z x 03 & return+ to ! ,almighty1 its ! _s %all return unto giv]2 ,god :o gave x4 7#f4 #g47 ,until n 7m>k+ ano!r break 9 ! comp>ison7 is loos$ 7accord+ to ! ,kri1 b ?is is only a conjecture ( ! ,masorets2 if correct1 ! niphal occurs "h only1 b ! *etib1 1 means #8to be f> f2' & ?us ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 1 #8turn$ back1' & ?is appe>s to be correct7 a cord ( ! silv] 7! ,hebrew idiom = our #8! silv] cord4' ,if we und]/& ?is to mean ! silv] cord f :i* ! lamp is susp5d$1 we %all p]ceive ! allusion71 & is brok5 71 s f> z ! unpo9t$ text is conc]n$1 might be fem99e ?ird future ,kal ( 1 #8to run'see ,g5esis xxix4 #ab4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 1 :i* occurs ,sira xxxi4 #ad only2 b x also may be f see ,judges ix4 #ec4 ,b4 reads 2 b ?is is an error1 ! orig9 ( :i* is ! simil>ity ( ! two words & ! occurr5ce ( !m bo? 9 ! same s5t5ce71 a b[l 71 us$ by ,ze*>iah to d5ote ! res]voir :i* conta9$ ! oil = ! gold5 c&le/ick ( ! temple1 ,ze*>iah iv4 #b1 #c4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 :i* also occurs ,exodus xxxviii4 #af1 #8= ! r\nd ornam5ts2' comp>e also ,jo%ua xv4 #ai1 ,judges i4 #ae1 :]e ! ^w evid5tly signifies a res]voir = irrigation2 also occurs #a ,k+s vii4 #da1 etc4 ,if ! #8gold5 b[l ( ! lamp' be tak5 z ! mo/ probable mean+1 x w admirably suit ! context71 ( ! gold 7! idea !n is app>5tly t ( a gold5 lamp b[l susp5d$ by a silv] cord2 ! lamp w\ld be let d[n daily at lea/2 ! gold5 b[l w\ld !n run d[n & be tak5 away to be repl5i%$72 & is %iv]$ 7see ,leviticus vi4 #bh 7#ba77 a pit*] ^u 7or ov]7 ! spr+ 7occurs ,isaiah xxxv4 #g1 xlix4 #aj1 & is evid5tly a spr+ gu%+ out ( ! gr\nd1 z oppos$ to 1 :i* is a sunk5 well or ci/]n71 & is run 7b ! ^w is niphal1 & ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 #8run d[n to'7 ! :eel 7) ! article1 because ! special :eel is meant :i* /&s ov] ! ci/]n7 t[>ds 71 ! preposition is diff]5t7 ! well2 & returns ! du/ ^u ! e>? z x 01 & ! _s is return+ 7bo? futures1 b "o writt5 full1 ! o!r contract$2 !re is p]haps a slight di/9ction"o also foll[s1 ! o!r goes be=e1 its v]b7 to 72 ,,lxx4 7 ! ,deity :o 7b full relative1 z comp>$ ) ! contract$ =m above7 gave x 7fem99e1 to agree ) 2 b1 z we h s (t5 se51 ?is close agreem5t gives a peculi> mean+2 x is especially ! div9e gift74 #h ,vanity ( vanities1 sevanesc5ce ( evanesc5ce1 sai? ! ,prea*]2 all is says ! ,prea*]1 ! :ole is vanity4 evanesc5t4 7#h47 ,vanity ( vanities1 said ! ,prea*] 7) ! article1 ! ,prea*] z su*1 g5]ic71 ! :ole is vanity4 ,we mu/ notice1 9 int]pret+ ^! la/ v]ses t ! acts describ$ are all su* z take "t1 inde$ b a %ort "t1 to accompli%1 & occur frequ5tly4 ,! /r+ ( ! lamp w be loos$ almo/ daily1 & ! lamp tak5 away2 & surely no m poetical or impressive metaphor ( dea? c be discov]$ ?an a lamp ) oil-b[l gone4 ,next we h ! %att]$ pit*]an accid5t :i* may happ5 at any "t2 & !n ! bucket runn+ d[n into ! well1 :i* is a comp>atively frequ5t occurr5ce1 & may well br+ vividly be=e our m9ds ! disappe>ance ( "o :o 0 j be=e famili>ly among u4 ,t ! bucket might be drawn up aga9 full ( liv+ wat] is necess>ily n m5tion$1 b is "o ( ^? hidd5 s>ca/ic promises 9 :i* ! book delights4 ,! la/ two clauses are jo9$ toge!r by ! simple #8&2' b !re is cle>ly at ?is po9t a transition f simile to metaphor1 :i* ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion notices4 ,if inde$ "o likes to take x s1 ! simile is true en\gh ( du/ & w9d1 b ! la/ clause discloses a deep] mean+4 ,aft] all1 ! promises ( a resurrection are b sc>cely hidd5 beh9d ! app>5t hopelessness ( ! conclusion arriv$ at4 ,! int]pretation :i* makes ! :ole ( ?is passage a metaphorical description ( old age1 comes f no m au?oritative s\rce ?an ,hagadic int]pretation1 z embodi$ 9 ! ,*aldee ,t>gum4 ,!re is no pro( t any allegory 0 int5d$1 & ! lit]al mean+ is n only to ! purpose1 b exce$+ly t\*+ & beautiful4 ,! arrangem5t ( clauses1 also1 is highly artificial1 :i* may be se5 by c\nt+ !m z m>k$ (f by ! recurr+ =ms #8or ev]1' #8also1' & ! l4 ,,section ,v4,epilogue4 #i ,& moreov]1 because ! ,b !re is some?+ yet to ,prea*] 0 wise1 he /ill come3 = ! ,prea*] 0 taught ! p k2 wise2 he yet taught k yea1 he gave good he$1 & ) respect to m5 g5]ally2 s\ght out1 & set 9 ord] &1 pond]+1 he track$ out _m prov]bs4 ! solution ( ^! enigmas to ! utmo/4 ,or1 ! m wise ! ,prea*] 04 7#i47 ,& = ! re/ 7= n[ is to be add$ some?+ ov] & above1 to =m a supplem5t to :at w5t be=e2 comp>e #a ,k+s xiv4 #ai bo? = ! ,hebrew & ,greek4 ,z ! ^w /&s fir/1 x is ! subject3 :e!r we po9t x z n\n or p>ticiple w n make mu* diff]5ce to ! s5se1 b ! ,masoretic po9t+ is be/2 !y also1 ) great ta/e1 put a l>ge di/9ctive acc5t on ! ^w4 ,! mean+ is1 #8!re is some?+ yet to be add$2'7 t he 0 7! contract-relative ) subject v]b7 ev5 a ,kohele? 7i4e4 a prea*] or ga!r]7 :o 0 wise1 yet 7! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 #8nev]!less1' b _! r5d]+ is v rem>kable & we w discuss x at l5g? pres5tly7 taught k 7& 9 ! s5se s common 9 ?is book1 ( ! k h[ to act "u a giv5 set ( circum/ances7 ) respect to ! p 7n z usually und]/ood t he taught ! p k1 b taught k ) reg>d to ! p1 ! collect$ body ( humanity2 comp>e *apt] iv4 #af7 & he gave he$1 & he s\ght out 7,deut]onomy xiii4 #d2 ,psalms cxxxix4 #a7 an ord] 7*apt] i4 #ae1 viii4 #ah2 ?is is ! ?ird "t ( occurr5ce ( ?is root1 :i* is peculi> to ?is book4 ,! ,masorets po9t z piel pret41 x might h[ev] be a n\n1 z ! ,,lxx4 r5d] x1 & we %all see reason pres5tly = adopt+ ?is int]pretation7 ( p>ables ! _m4 #aj ,! ,prea*] s\ght to ,! ,prea*]1 inde$1 s\ght f9d out acceptable words3 to discov] ! reasons = a & t :i* 0 writt5 provid5ce1 b :at he has 0 upright1 ev5 words ( writt5 is ! real matt] ( tru?4 tru?4 ,hebrew words ( delight4 7#aj47 ,s\ght ,kohele? to f9d words ( provid5ce 7 & 1 bo? 9 _! usual te*nical s5ses7 & writt5 7full p>ticipial =m7 uprightness1 words ( tru?4 7,! passage is v obscure2 ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 4 1 444 #8& = ! re/1 because ! ,prea*] 0 wise1 & because he taught k ) respect to ! man1 & 8 e> w trace out ! ord]ly arrangem5t ( p>ables4' ,n[1 "s curi\s features 9 ?is r5d]+ des]ve notice! ^w occurs #a ,timo?y ii4 #i1 & iii4 #b2 x is us$ z a neut]1 #8ord]l9ess4' ,aga91 is r5d]$ 4 ,b4 omits & ,a includes 9 brackets ! 1 s m>k$1 9 ! text2 ,a reads 2 ,f4,x4 omit 2 ,f4 reads = 2 ,e4 2 & ,d4 4 ,?us x appe>s probable t ! ,,lxx4 read & z ?is future foll[s ! pa/1 we h ! s5se ( ! imp]fect3 !y also translat$ 1 because !y consid]$ z us$ g5]icallysee *apt] iv4 #af1 & 9 ! same s5se4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ,hebrew text 7 alt]$1 :i* w\ld be done simply by l5g!n+ ! jud into van 1 ! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 w\ld become un9telligible1 & h5ce ! v>iations1 especially t ( ,e4 ,!n 1 :i* is really nom9ative to 1 & emphatic z /&+ be=e x1 came to be reg>d$ z a v]b & po9t$ piel1 ! only in/ance ( su* po9t+ t occurs1 & !n acc5t+ ) zakeph1 ! ,masorets made ^! two words a p>5!sis1 & po9t$ z a piel pret41 in/ead ( a n\n z d ! ,,lxx42 !y !n make s+ul> agree ) ! plural 1 :i* w\ld1 accord+ to ! usage ( ?is book1 be di/ributive4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 x seems v probable t ! ,,lxx4 h pres]v$ ! "r read+1 or at lea/ ! mean+ ( ! passage2 ?is mean+ is1 #8& = ! re/1 because ,kohele? 0 a wise man1 /ill he taught k ) respect to ! p1 & 8 e> i4e4 judgm5t1 = ! ^w conta9s ! idea ( weigh+ z 9 a balance 0 seek+ out an ord]ly mean+ or solution ( p>ables2' by p>ables he means d\btless ! my/]i\s facts cit$4 ,! next v]se takes ?is ?\ght up ?us3 #8,v mu* s\ght ,kohele? 9 ord] to f9d words ( provid5ce& writt5 correctly words ( tru?4' ,if ! read+ 7 really 1 & n1 z we may conjecture1 1 we %\ld !n read #8he 0 writ+1' :i* x mu/ be confess$ makes excell5t s5se4 ,! ,,lxx4 r5d] "h 1 9 ! accusative1 gov]n$ by 1 & ! mean+ is !re=e1 #8s\ght 444 a ?+ writt5 ( "r ev5 words ( tru?4' ,?is agrees altoge!r ) ! context1 & also is cognate ) :at foll[s74 #aa ,! words ( ! wise ,^! reasons ( ! wise are are z goads1 & z nails l goads1 b !y are l fa/5$ by ! ma/]s ( /akes z well1 deeply fix$1 assemblies1 :i* are giv5 dom9at+ ov] ! h]d1 f "o %eph]d4 appo9t$ s by a %eph]d1 :o is ! only "o4 7#aa47 ,! words ( 7b z is repeat$1 we h #8^? words ('7 wise m5 z goads 7 2 ! play is manife/ betwe5 & 1 b occurs "h only1 note also its two acc5ts1 & ! n\n 9 a concrete =m at #a ,samuel xiii4 #ba7 & z nails 7! p>ticle ( comp>ison be+ repeat$1 gives ! idea #8b z nails z well1' b 1 spelt ) ! lett] s91 occurs "h only2 only "o in/ance ( a piel p>ticiple ( ! v common v]b occurs1 viz4 ,jonah ii4 #h 7#i71 b ! n\n is also q common2 see #a ,*ronicles ix4 #bc1 :]e occurs 9 ! s5se ( #8by w>ds'7 plant$ ma/]s ( assemblies 71 occurs z a fem99e n\n ,isaiah xxiv4 #bb2 ,,lxx4 4 ,?is ^w has a curi\s hi/ory1 :i* w fur!r illu/rate its mean+ at ?is place4 ,! read+ ( ! ,hexapla at ,isaiah xxiv4 #bb is3 4 4 4 1 %[+ a difficulty ab\t ! ^w :i* 9 ! ,hexapla is includ$ betwe5 a/]isks4 ,"h ! ,pe%ito r5d]s ,kohele? by 7 ,syriac ^w7 #8ma/]s ( ?re%olds1' & uses ?is same ^w at ,exodus xii4 #bb1 #bc1 & ,deut]onomy vi4 #i2 h5ce !y und]/ood ! allusion to be to ! /ake set across ! entrance ( ! fold to prev5t ! cattle f /ray+ out4 ,t ?is read+ w expla9 ,isaiah xxiv4 #bb is evid5t en\gh1 & t x w expla9 ?is passage also w be se5 if we look ^u ^! goads z bo? compell+ ! ox5 to lab\r1 &1 z ! ,syriac r5d]s1 =m+ ! /akes :i* close ! entrance to ! lair72 are giv5 f a %eph]d1 "o only 7notice t /&s emphatically at ! end ( ! s5t5ce1 & mu/ mean1 !re=e1 #8! %eph]d1 :o is ! only "o4' ,?is v]se has greatly p]plex$ comm5tators3 a dilig5t p]usal ( ! anci5t v]sions1 & foll[+ ! h9t giv5 by ! ,syriac above1 w %[ u :at is ! real mean+4 ,! ,,lxx4 read ,a4 ,d4 ,e4 ,x41 :i* ,a1 ,b alt] to 1 & :i* ,aquila foll[s2 probably 0 a misread+ ( 1 f 1 #8to infix2' ,symma*us reads #8con/ruct$ on1' see ,hebrews viii4 #b4 ,all ! anci5t ,greek v]sions consid] z a preposition1 & r5d] by 2 ! ,,lxx4 r5d] by 2 ,b4 2 ,aquila 2 ,syriac ,hexapla 7 ,syriac phrase72 ,symma*us 1 o!rwise 2 ,syriac 7 ,syriac phrase71 all :i* words h ne>ly ! same mean+4 ,! ,syriac also gives "h1 f ,!odotion1 :at is possibly a r5d]+ ( ?is place1 b may be int5d$ = 1 9 v]se #ad1 7 ,syriac phrase71 i4e4 1 #8unse5 ?+s4' ,! ,pe%ito r5d]+1 p]haps1 may give u ! clue^! #8collections' or #8collectanea' are ! in/ances ( human life adduc$ by ,kohele?1 & x is m5 l a h]d ( ox5 driv5 by goads1 & conf9$ by /akes ov] :i* ^! wise words are ma/]s2 & ?is we ?9k w make all cle>4 ,! mean+ ( ! passage w be3 #8,^! words ( wise m5 are l goads1 by :i* ! ox is incit$ to lab\r1 b !n !y are l /akes i4e4 to :i* ! ox may be ti$1 or1 ( :i* a f5ce might be made to conf9e him z well1 plant$ ar\nd ! p]sons br\ght toge!r1 or ! h]d1 & s infix$ z ma/]s ( ! assembly2 !y are giv5 f ! %eph]d or h]dsman'= ! ^w has bo? s5ses #8:o is ! only "o2' or1 s9ce is ambigu\s1 & po9t$ means #8pa/ure1' !y give pa/ure only4 ,?us ! metaphor is kept up & ! equivoke ma9ta9$74 ref]5c+ ! 80 symbol #ab ,& fur!r1 by ^!1 ,b z to any?+ else f my son1 be admoni%$3 ( ^!1 my son1 be w>n$3 mak+ _m books !re is mak+ ( _m treatises w\ld no end2 & mu* /udy is lead to no result1 & mu* a we>9ess ( ! fle%4 /udy w\ld b we>y ! body4 ,or1 read+4 7#ab47 ,b = ! re/ 7repeat+ ! =mula ( v]se #i1 & h5ce a fur!r ext5sion ( ! same idea71 f !m 7emphatic1 #8b = any?+ else t ^! wise words c d' is ! mean+7 my son1 be admoni%$3 mak+s ( books 7 us$ = ! sake ( ! allit]ation ) above7 ! _m 7i4e4 too _m7 is no?+ ( an end 7i4e4 gives no result7 & /udy 7 occurs "h only1 ,,lxx4 7 ! mu* 7too mu*7 we>ies 7comp>e *apt] i4 #h7 ! fle%4 7,?us ev5 wisdom itself is no cure = ! ills ( humanity4 ,! catalogue ( human ills & ! in/ances ( human evanesc5ce w\ld =m too l>ge a volume = humanity to ma/]1 s t 9 ?is case also ! _w itself w\ld n conta9 ! books :i* %\ld be writt54 ,! gr& result ( all h[ev] is easily obta9$1 & foll[s47 #ac ,let u he> ! ,! end ( ! matt]1 ev5 conclusion ( ! :ole all t ha? be5 he>d1 matt]3 ,fe> ,god1 & keep 8 is ?is3 ,,) ,,reg>d ,,to ,,! comm&m5ts3 = ?is is ,,almighty1 ,,fe> ,,him2 ,,& ,,) ! :ole duty ( man4 ,,reg>d ,,also ,,to ,,8 ,,comm&m5ts1 ,,keep ,,!m1 ,,= ,,?is ,,is ,or1 ,! end ( ! ,,ev]y?+ ,,to ,,humanity4 matt]1 ev5 all t ha? be5 he>d1 is4 7#ac47 ,! conclusion 7comp>e *apt] iii4 #aa1 vii4 #b7 ( ! ^w 7i4e4 ! f9al reason71 ! :ole 7) article 9 its usual s5se71 is he>d 7niphal71 ) respect to ! ,deity1 fe>2 & ) respect to 8 comm&m5ts1 keep 7notice ! emphatic 1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ! ,,lxx4 d n r5d] by 1 because ! article & position give ! emphasis requir$7 = ?is is all ! man 7i4e4 ! :ole duty1 happ9ess1 etc41 ( humanity74 #ad ,= ,god %all br+ e ,= ) respect to e "w into judgm5t1 ) e act1 ! ,almighty w br+ secret ?+1 :e!r x be to adju/m5t all t is good1 or :e!r x be evil4 my/]i\s1 :e!r x be a good or an evil4 7#ad47 ,= ) respect to all work+ 7or do+s1 notice ! prefix$ 7 ! ,deity 7n\n be=e ! v]b7 is br++ into judgm5t ^u all ! hidd5 7niphal p>ticiple1 b has n lo/ its mean+1 x is ! hidd5 pa/ & future1 h5ce ! ,,lxx4 1 #8ov]look$1' comp>e #a ,k+s x4 #c71 if x be good or if evil 7if x be a good act or an evil "o ei!r4 ,t is1 ,god w br+ all ^! my/]ies into ord]ly adju/m5t1 & 9 ! sequel v9dicate 8 hol9ess & ju/ice74 ,,luke ii4 #ad4 ,,errata4 ,all ,errata & ,add5da items h be5 correct$ 9 ! text4 ,page #g1 ,,notes1 column #b l9e #ad1 = #8hiphil' read #8niphal4' ,page #ai1 ,,text1 l9e #aj1 = #8he' read #8,he4' ,page #ca1 ,,notes1 column #b1 l9e #f1 = #8ratio' read #8oratio4' ,,add5da4 ,page #i1 ,,notes4 ,at end ( ,note on v]se #ag1 aft] #8_s1' add3 ,x may be obs]v$ t occurs 9 ! ,*aldee ( ,danielsee ,daniel ii4 #bi1 #cj2 iv4 #ai 7#af72 v4 #f1 etc41 always 9 ! s5se ( a #8pa9ful reflection1' b 9 lat] ,*aldee & ,syriac z #8a reflection' ( any k9d4 ,z ! s5se 9 :i* ,kohele? uses ! ^w is ! ne>e/ to ! root-mean+1 is x n an evid5ce1 s f>1 ( e>li] composition ( 8 book8 ,page #ab1 ,,notes4 ,at end ( ,note on v]se #e add3 ,x %\ld h be5 m5tion$ t is also consid]$ to af=d an indication ( late composition4 ,x is said to be a ,p]sian ^w2 x occurs1 h[ev]1 ,nehemiah ii4 #h2 ,canticles iv4 #aj4 ,! ^w admits ( ,semitic d]ivation1 f 1 #8to divide1' #8cut (f 9 portions1' #8lay out4' ,if x be really an exotic1 no date ( introduction is m probable ?an t ( ,solomon4 ,x is also to be not$ t 9 ! context x foll[s ! ^w #8g>d5s1' :i* is q natural if x 7 int5d$ to d5ote a =eign luxury rec5tly introduc$4 ,page #ae1 ,,notes4 ,at end ( ,note on v]se #ab add3 ,?is mo/ obscure passage may p]haps receive "s light f a fur!r discussion ( ! ^w & o!r =ms d]iv$ f ! same root4 ,! fem99e or ab/ract occurs ,g5esis xxxv4 #af1 xlviii4 #g1 & #b ,k+s v4 #ai1 jo9$ ) 1 r5d]$ 9 ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion a #8little' way4 ,! v]b occurs 9 hiphil1 ,job xxxv4 #af1 xxxvi4 #ca1 translat$ #8multipli$1' #89 abundance2' & 9 ! hiphil =m1 ) ! *>act]i/ic jud ins]t$,job viii4 #b1 xv4 #aj1 etc42 ,isaiah x4 #ac1 xvii4 #ab1 etc49 ! s5se ( #8full ( ye>s1' #8ov]fl[+1' & ! l4 ,a dilig5t comp>ison ( ^! mean+s %[s t #8fulness1' 9 ! s5se ( #8complet5ess1' mu/ be ! root-mean+2 & h5ce1 :5 appli$ to "t1 ! ,,lxx4 r5d] 1 #8already4' ,) ?is mean+ agree also ! ,arabic & ,syriac1 see ,fu]/1 ,lexicon1 s4 voc4 ,! mean+ !n ( ! ^w is1 ! #8complete pres5t4' ,) reg>d to ! use ( ! root 9 ! s5se ( c\nsel1 x occurs once 9 ,hebrew1 viz4 ,nehemiah v4 #g1 & once 9 biblical ,*aldee1 ,daniel iv4 #bg 7#bd74 ,?is mean+ is common1 z rem>k$ 9 ! note1 9 ,aramaic4 ,! fair inf]5ce f ?is is1 t ! root-mean+ ( ! ,hebrew ^w is #8to c\nsel1' j z ! root-mean+ ( ! ^w ,apo/le is #8"o s5t4' ,^! s5ses are j :at ! context requires4 ,kohele? turns r\nd to see wisdom 9 comp>ison )1 or contradi/9ction to1 false hopes & false prud5ce1 & asks h[ ! man1 t is1 humanity1 c tell ! "o f ! o!r4 ,8 words are #8:at is1' n #8:o is ! man1' etc41 equival5t to#89 :at way c humanity ent] ^u ! results ( ! c\nsel1' #8or ! k+1'! equivoke be+1 we believe1 int5tional1 & ! contract$ relative giv+ a conditional turn to ! s5t5ce#8) respect to t :i* at pres5t he p]=ms x4' ,x w\ld h be5 bett] if ! ^w ) _h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! notes ) a small lett]1 z ! division h>dly am\nts to a p]iod1 ?\gh ! connexion is n close4 ,! suffix ( ! v]b ref]s back ?r\gh ! relative pron\n to c\nsel1 & might be well r5d]$ into ,engli% ?us#8,9 respect ( :i* he at pres5t takes t c\nsel4' ,! ,,lxx41 contr>y to _! cu/om1 omit 1 because x is p]haps suffici5tly includ$ 9 1 or because w\ld n h be5 intelligible4 ,x is evid5t ?is all squ>es ) ! context4 ,kohele?1 z ,solomon1 discov]$ t ) all 8 wisdom he c\ld n practically disc]n ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is true wisdom & t false prud5ce :i* l$ him to accumulate only to be disappo9t$ 9 8 successor4 ,page #ai1 ,,notes4 ,at end ( ,note on v]se #be add3 ,! phrase requires fur!r elucidation4 ,! read+ 1 support$ by ! ,,lxx41 is also confirm$ by ,hebrew ,,mss4 ,! lit]al r5d]+ is#8& :o ha/5s outside him4' ,?is ! ,,lxx4 translate 1 #8:o dr9ks1' etc4 ,!re is a read+ ( ,a1 1 #8sp>es4' ,! =m] is support$ by ,pe%ito1 ,arabic1 & ,!odotion! latt] by ,aquila1 ,symma*us1 & ,j]ome4 ,if ! ,greek text alone _h to be consid]$1 w\ld1 z ! h>d] read+1 be entitl$ to ! pref]5ce4 ,x is readily se51 h[ev]1 t x arose f a conjectural alt]ation ( ! ,hebrew text into 1 = :i* !re is no au?ority2 nei!r w ! mean+ to #8sp>e' make any s5se 9 ! context4 ,z ! root occurs frequ5tly1 we are driv5 to ! conclusion t ! r5d]+ ( ! ,,lxx4 0 by design4 ,s*leusn]'s conjecture t is us$ 9 ! signification ( #8s5sibus frui1' is no d\bt correctcomp>e ,habakkuk i4 #h1 z also ,isaiah xxviii4 #af4 ,consid]$ z ad s5sum1 ?is r5d]+ gives ! idea ( ! ,hebrew text correctly4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,t4 ,,& ,a4 ,,con/able1 ,,pr9t]s ,,to ,,h] ,,maje/y1 ,,at ,,! ,,ed9burgh ,,univ]sity ,,press4 ,catalogue4 ,a ,,selection ,,f ,,! ,,books ,,publi%$ ,,dur+ #ahfi1 #ahgj1 #ahga1 ,,& #ahgb1 ,,by ,,messrs4 ,,riv+ton1 ,,high ,,/reet1 ,,ox=d2 ,,tr9ity ,,/reet1 ,,cambridge2 ,,wat]loo ,,place1 ,,london4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,*ur* ,,law4 ,be+ an exposition ( ! ,legal ,rights & ,duties ( ! ,cl]gy & ,laity ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,john ,,h5ry ,,blunt1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,revis$ by ,,walt] ,g4 ,f4 ,,phillimore1 ,b4,c4,l41 ,b>ri/]-at-,law1 & ,*ancellor ( ! ,diocese ( ,l9coln4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,we h te/$ ?is "w on v>i\s po9ts ( a crucial "*1 & h f\nd x v accurate & full 9 its in=mation4 ,x embodies ! results ( ! mo/ rec5t acts ( ! ,legislature on ! cl]ical pr(ession & ! rights ( ! laity40,,/&>d4 8,already 9 our lead+ columns we h direct$ att5tion to ,messrs4 ,blunt & ,phillimore's #8,book ( ,*ur* ,law1' z an excell5t manual = ord9>y use4 ,x is a book :i* %\ld /& on e cl]gyman's %elves ready = use :5 any legal matt] arises ab\t :i* its possessor is 9 d\bt4444 ,x is to be hop$ t ! au?orities at our ,!ological ,colleges suffici5tly recognize ! value ( a little legal k on ! "p ( ! cl]gy to recomm5d ?is book to _! /ud5ts4 ,x w\ld s]ve admirably z ! text-book = a set ( lectures1 & we tru/ we %all he> t its publication has done some?+ to enc\rage ! y\ng] cl]gy to make !mselves ma/]s ( at lea/ ! g5]al outl9es ( ,ecclesia/ical ,law1 z x relates to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,!re is a copi\s index1 & ! :ole volume =ms a ,h&y-book ( ,*ur* ,law d[n to ! pres5t "t1 :i*1 if f\nd on ! libr>y %elves ( mo/ ( ! cl]gy1 w\ld (t5 save !m f mu* unnecess>y tr\ble1 vexation1 & exp5se40,,national ,,*ur*4 ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,p]sonal ,,religion2 be+ a ,treatise on ! ,*ri/ian ,life 9 its ,two ,*ief ,elem5ts1 ,devotion & ,practice4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,meyrick ,,g\lburn1 ,d4,d41 ,dean ( ,norwi*4 ,new ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,an ,edition = ,pres5tation1 ,two ,volumes1 small #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,also1 a *eap ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,pursuit ,,( ,,hol9ess3 a ,sequel to 8,?\ghts on ,p]sonal ,religion10 int5d$ to c>ry ! ,read] some:at f>!r onw>d 9 ! ,spiritual ,life4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,meyrick ,,g\lburn1 ,d4,d41 ,dean ( ,norwi*1 & =m]ly "o ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,*apla9s 9 ,ord9>y4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #es4 ,,! ,,/> ,,( ,,*ildhood4 ,a ,fir/ ,book ( ,pray]s & ,in/ruction = ,*ildr54 ,compil$ by a ,prie/4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,t4 ,,c>t]1 ,m4,a41 ,rector ( ,clew]1 ,b]ks4 ,) ,six ,illu/rations1 r$uc$ f ,engrav+s by ,,fra ,,angelico4 ,royal #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,all ! ,in/ructions1 all ( ! ,hymns1 & mo/ ( ! ,pray]s "h are excell5t4 ,& :5 we use ! caution>y expression #8mo/ ( !1' c41 we d n mean to imply t all ! pray]s are n excell5t 9 !mselves1 b only to express a d\bt :e!r 9 "s cases !y may n be a little too elaborate = *ildr54 ,( c\rse x by no means foll[s t :5 y use a book y are to use equally e portion ( x3 :at does n suit "o may suit a score ( o!rs1 & ?is book is cle>ly compil$ on ! compreh5sive pr9ciple4 ,b to give a v]aci\s v]dict on ! book x is ne$ful to m5tion ?is4 ,we ne$ h>dly say t x is well wor? buy+1 & ( a v high ord] ( m]it40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,messrs4 ,riv+ton h s5t u a manual ( pray]s = *ildr51 call$ #8,! ,/> ( ,*ildhood1' edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,t4 ,c>t]1 a v full collection1 includ+ in/ruction z well z devotion1 & a judici\s selection ( hymns40,,*ur* ,,review4 8,! ,rev4 ,t4 ,t4 ,c>t]1 ( ,clew]1 has put =? a mu* ne$$ & excell5t book ( devotions = little *ildr51 call$ #8,! ,/> ( ,*ildhood4' ,we ?9k x fair to tell our read]s1 t 9 x !y w f9d t = *ildr5 :o h lo/ a ne> relative a %ort commemorative pray] is provid$2 b we mo/ e>ne/ly hope t ev5 by ^? :o are n will+ to accept ?is usage1 ! book w n be reject$1 = x is a mo/ valuable "o40,,mon?ly ,,packet4 8,"o among/ ! books be=e u des]ves especial notice1 entitl$ #8,! ,/> ( ,*ildhood1' & edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,t4 ,c>t]3 x is em95tly adapt$ = a ,new ,ye>'s ,gift4 ,x is a manual ( pray] = *ildr51 ) hymns1 litanies1 & in/ructions4 ,"s ( ! hymns are illu/rative ( our ,"l's life2 & to ^! are add$ r$uc$ copies f engrav+s ( ,fra ,angelico40,,p5ny ,,po/4 8,suppos+ a *ild to be capable ( us+ a devotional manual1 ! book be=e u is1 9 its g5]al /ructure1 z good an attempt to meet ! want z c\ld h be5 put =?4 ,9 ! fir/ place x succe$s1 :]e s _m l ef=ts fail1 9 ! matt] ( simplicity4 ,! language is q )9 ! compass ( a "y *ild2 t is to say1 x is su* z a "y *ild c be made to und]/&2 = we d n suppose t ! book is int5d$ to be put directly into 8 h&s1 b ?r\gh ! h&s ( an in/ructor40,,*ur* ,,bells4 8,to ! same h& :i* gave u ! #8,treasury ( ,devotion' we are indebt$ = ?is beautiful little manual = *ildr54 ,beg9n+ ) pray]s suit$ to ! compreh5sion ( ! y\nge/1 x conta9s devotions1 litanies1 hymns1 & in/ructions1 c>efully proportion$ to ! gradually increas+ p[]s ( a *ild's m9d f ! e>lie/ ye>s1 until confirmation4 ,?is little book _c fail to influ5ce = good ! impressible he>ts ( *ildr51 & we hope t ere long x w be 9 ! h&s ( all ^? :o are bless$ ) ,ca?olic-m9d$ p>5ts4 ,x is beautifully got up1 & is r5d]$ m attractive by ! capital engrav+s ( ,fra ,angelico's pictures ( sc5es ( our ,"l's *ildhood4 ,god-p>5ts c\ld sc>cely f9d a m appropriate gift = _! ,god-*ildr5 ?an ?is1 or "o t is m likely to lead !m to a k ( ! tru?40,,*ur* ,,union ,,gazette4 8#8,! ,/> ( ,*ildhood' is a fir/ book ( ,pray]s & in/ruction = *ildr51 compil$ by a ,prie/1 & edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,t4 ,c>t]1 rector ( ,clev]4 ,x is a v c>eful compilation1 & ! "n ( its editor is a w>rant = its devotional tone40,,gu>dian4 8,a h&somely got up & attractive volume1 ) sev]al good illu/rations f ,fra ,angelico's mo/ fam\s pa9t+s40,,union ,,review4 ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,compil] ,,& ,,editor4 ,,! ,,treasury ,,( ,,devotion3 ,a ,manual pf ,pray]s = ,g5]al & ,daily ,use4 ,six? ,edition4 ,imp]ial #cbmo1 #bs4 #f;d42 limp clo?1 #bs4 ,b\nd ) ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,way ,,( ,,life3 ,a ,book ( ,pray]s & ,in/ruction = ! ,"y 7at ,s*ool74 ,imp]ial #cbmo1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,guide ,,to ,,heav53 ,a ,book ( ,pray]s = e ,want4 ,= ! ,work+ ,classes4 ,new ,edition4 ,imp]ial #cbmo1 #as4 #f;d42 limp clo?1 #as4 ,! ,edition 9 l>ge type may /ill be _h4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #as4 #f;d42 limp clo?1 #as4 ,,! ,,pa? ,,( ,,hol9ess3 ,a ,fir/ ,book ( ,pray]s1 ) ! ,s]vice ( ! ,holy ,communion1 = ! ,"y4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #afmo1 #as4 #f;d42 limp clo?1 #as4 ,,lectures ,,on ,,! ,,reunion ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*es4 ,by ,,john ,j4 ,,ign4 ,,von ,d,,ll+]1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,pr(essor ( ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,muni*1 ,provo/ ( ! ,*apel-,royal1 c4 c4 ,au?oriz$ ,translation1 ) ,preface by ,,h5ry ,,nutcombe ,,ox5ham1 ,m4,a41 late ,s*ol> ( ,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 8444 ,m>k$ by all ! au?or's well-kn[n1 v>i$ le>n+1 bread? ( view1 & outspok5 _s4 ,! mom5t\s "q :i* ! ,doctor discusses has long occupi$ ! ?\ghts ( "s ( ! mo/ e>ne/ & enlight5$ div9es 9 all bran*es ( ! ,*ri/ian communion1 ?\gh wide ap>t 9 o!r po9ts ( belief & practice4 ,on ! inf9ite importance ( reunion among ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es 9 _! endeav\r to evangelize ! yet rema9+ two-?irds ( ! human race/rang]s to any =m ( ,*ri/ianity! au?or enl>ges ) p[] & eloqu5ce2 & ?is topic is "o ( unusual & la/+ int]e/1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 only "o among a ho/ ( o!rs equally important & equally well discuss$40,,/&>d4 duplicat$ ^w remov$ 8a0 8,9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?\ght respect+ ! union ( ! ,*ur*es1 ^! ,lectures w be welcom$ by v _m p]sons ( diff]5t s*ools ( religi\s ?\ght4 ,!y are n ! ha/y words ( an en?usia/1 b ! calm1 well-consid]$1 & c>efully prep>$ writ+s ( "o ^: s\l is pr(\ndly mov$ by 8 great subject4 ,!y =m a contribution to ! lit]ature ( ?is grave "q1 valuable alike = its bread? ( hi/orical survey1 its fairness1 ! due reg>d paid to exi/+ ob/acles1 & ! practical "* ( its sugge/ions40,,london ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 ,,brigh/one ,,s]mons4 ,by ,,george ,,mob]ly1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,bi%op ( ,salisbury4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,say+s ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,=ty ,,days1 ,betwe5 ! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion1 reg>d$ z ! ,outl9es ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,9 ,five ,disc\rses4 ,) an ,exam9ation ( ,dr4 ,newman's ,!ory ( ,developm5t4 ,by ,,george ,,mob]ly1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,bi%op ( ,salisbury4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,w>n+s ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,week1 c4 ,be+ a ,c\rse ( ,p>o*ial ,lectures = ! ,week be=e ,ea/] & ! ,ea/] ,fe/ivals4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,adams1 ,m4,a41 late ,vic> ( ,/4 ,pet]'s-9-!-,ea/1 ,ox=d1 & ,fell[ ( ,m]ton ,college4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,self-,,r5unciation4 ,f ! ,fr5*4 ,) ,introduction by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,t4 ,,c>t]1 ,m4,a41 ,rector ( ,clew]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 8,x is excessively difficult to review or criticise1 9 detail1 a book ( ?is k9d1 & yet its ab\nd+ m]its1 its practicalness1 its se>*+ good s5se & ?or\ghness1 & its frequ5t beauty1 too1 make u wi% to d some?+ m ?an ann\nce its publication4444 ,! /yle is em95tly cle>1 free f r$undance & prolixity40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,few save ,religi\s & ^? br\ght into imm$iate contact ) !m are1 9 all probability1 acqua9t$ ) ! ,fr5* treatise ( ,guillor1 a portion ( :i* is n[1 = ! fir/ "t we believe1 done into ,engli%4444 ,h5ce ! suitabl5ess ( su* a book z ?is = ^? :o1 9 ! mid/ ( _! families1 are endeav\r+ to advance 9 ! spiritual life4 ,hundr$s ( dev\t s\ls liv+ 9 ! _w h be5 enc\rag$ & help$ by su* books z ,dr4 ,neale's #8,s]mons prea*$ 9 a ,religi\s ,h\se4' ,= su* ! pres5t "w w be f\nd appropriate1 :ile = ,religi\s !mselves x w be invaluable40,,*ur* ,,times4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,developm5t ,,( ,,religi\s ,,belief4 ,by ,s4 ,,b>+-,,g\ld1 ,m4,a41 ,au?or ( 8,curi\s ,my?s ( ! ,middle ,ages40 ,volume ,i4 ,,mono!ism & ,,poly!ism4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #aes4 ,volume ,,ii4 ,,*ri/ianity4 #hvo4 #aes4 ,,! ,,hidd5 ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,s\l4 ,f ! ,fr5*4 ,by ! ,au?or ( 8,a ,dom9ican ,arti/10 8,life ( ,madame ,l\ise de ,france10 c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 8#8,! ,hidd5 ,life ( ! ,s\l1' by ! au?or ( #8,a ,dom9ican ,arti/1' is f ! writ+s ( ,fa!r ,gr\1 a ,fr5* refugee prie/ ( #agib1 :o di$ at ,lulwor?4 ,x well des]ves ! "* giv5 x ( be+ #8e>ne/ & sob]1' & n #8s5sational4'0,,gu>dian4 8,!re is a wond]ful *>m ab\t ^! read+ss calm1 s true1 s ?or\ghly ,*ri/ian4 ,we d n "k :]e !y w\ld come amiss4 ,z mat]ials = a consecutive s]ies ( m$itations = ! fai?ful at a s]ies ( e>ly celebrations !y w\ld be excell5t1 or = private read+ dur+ ,adv5t or ,l5t40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,f ! ,fr5* ( ,jean ,nicolas ,gr\1 a pi\s ,prie/1 ^: works tea* resignation to ! ,div9e w4 ,he lov$1 we are told1 to inculcate simplicity1 fre$om f all affectation & unreality1 ! pati5ce & humility :i* are too surely gr\nd$ 9 self-k to be surpris$ at a fall1 b )al s alli$ to confid5ce 9 ,god z to make recov]y easy & sure4 ,?is is ! _s ( ! volume :i* is int5d$ to furni% advice to ^? :o w\ld cultivate a quiet1 meek1 & *ildlike _s40,,public ,,op9ion4 ,a ,,dom9ican ,,arti/2 a ,sket* ( ! ,life ( ! ,rev4 ,pre ,besson1 ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,dom9ic4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ! 8,! ,tales ( ,kirkbeck10 8,! ,life ( ,madame ,l\ise de ,france10 c4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 8,! au?or ( ! ,life ( ,pre ,besson writes ) a grace & ref9em5t ( devotional feel+ peculi>ly suit$ to a subject-matt] :i* suff]s beyond mo/ o!rs f any co>s5ess ( t\*4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d #8! simplicity & purity ( a holy life' m exquisitely illu/rat$ ?an 9 ,fa!r ,besson's c>e]1 bo? be=e & aft] 8 jo9+ ! ,dom9ican ,ord] "u ! auspices ( ,lacordaire4444 ,c]ta9ly we h nev] come across :at c\ld m /rictly be t]m$ 9 ! true/ s5se #8! life ( a beautiful s\l4' ,! au?or has done well 9 pres5t+ to ,engli% read]s ?is s+ul>ly graceful biography1 9 :i* all :o c appreciate g5u9e simplicity & nobl5ess ( ,*ri/ian "* w f9d to admire & little or no?+ to condemn40,,saturday ,,review4 8,x w\ld inde$ h be5 a deplorable omission _h s exquisite a biography be5 by any neglect lo/ to ,engli% read]s1 & _h "* s p]fect 9 its simple & complete devotion be5 )held f our admiration4444 ,b we h dwelt too long already on ?is fasc9at+ book1 & mu/ n[ leave x to our read]s40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,a beautiful & mo/ int]e/+ sket* ( ! late ,pre ,besson1 an arti/ :o =sook ! easel = ! alt>40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,a book :i* is z pleasant = read+ z x is pr(itable = m$itation40,,union ,,review4 8,:atev] a read] may ?9k ( ,pre ,besson's pr(ession z a monk1 no "o w d\bt 8 goodness2 no "o c fail to pr(it :o w pati5tly read 8 life1 z "h writt5 by a fri5d1 ^: sole defect is 9 be+ slightly unctu\s40,,a!n,,um4 8,! life ( ! ,rev4 ,pre ,besson1 :o gave up an arti/'s c>e]1 to :i* he 0 devot$ly atta*$1 & a "m ^: affection = him is n inaptly lik5$ to t ( ,monica = ,/4 ,augu/9e1 mu/ be read 9 its entirety to be rightly appreciat$4 ,& ! :ole t5\r ( ! book is too devotional1 too full ( expressions ( ! mo/ t\*+ dep5d5ce on ,god1 to make criticism possible1 ev5 if x 0 call$ =1 :i* x is n40,,john ,,bull4 8,! /ory ( ,pre ,besson's life is "o ( mu* int]e/1 & told ) simplicity1 c&\r1 & good feel+40,,spectator4 8,a beautiful book1 describ+ ! mo/ sa9tly & v individual life ( "o ( ! companions ( ,lacordaire40,,mon?ly ,,packet4 8,we /rongly recomm5d x to our read]s4 ,x is a *>m+ biography1 t w delight & edify bo? old & "y40,,we/m9/] ,,gazette4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,madame ,,l\ise ,,de ,,france1 daught] ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ,kn[n also z ! ,"m ,trse de ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,by ! ,au?or ( 8,tales ( ,kirkbeck40 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 8,on ! #ae? ( ,july #agcg1 ,m>ie ,lecz9ska1 ! wife ( ,l\is ,,xv41 & daught] ( ! de?ron$ ,k+ ( ,pol&1 :i* ,prussia help$ to despoil & plund]1 gave bir? to h] eigh? female *ild1 ,l\ise ,m>ie1 kn[n also z ! ,"m ,trse de ,/4 ,augu/94 ,on ! dea? ( ! ,que51 ! pr9cess1 :o _h long felt a vocation = a religi\s life1 obta9$ ! cons5t ( h] royal fa!r to )draw f ! _w4 ,! ,c>melite conv5t ( ,/4 ,d5is 0 ! *os5 place ( retreat4 ,"h ! novitiate 0 pass$1 "h ! f9al v[s 7 tak51 & "h1 on ! dea? ( ! ,mre ,julie1 ,madame ,l\ise began & t]m9at$ h] exp]i5ces z prioress4 ,! little volume :i* records ! simple incid5ts ( h] pi\s seclusion is design$ to edify ^? memb]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 9 :om ! _s ( religi\s self-devotion is reviv+40,,we/m9/] ,,review4 8,! annals ( a cloi/]$ life1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 w\ld n probably be consid]$ v edify+ by ! read+ public ( ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,:51 h[ev]1 su* a hi/ory pres5ts ! novel spectacle ( a royal pr9cess ( mod]n times volunt>ily r5\nc+ h] high position & ! spl5d\rs ( a c\rt exi/5ce1 = ! purpose ( endur+ ! asceticism1 pov]ty1 & au/]ities ( a sev]e mona/ic rule1 ! case may well be diff]5t40,,morn+ ,,po/4 ,,h5ri ,,p]reyve4 ,by ,a4 ,,gratry1 ,prtre de l',oratoire1 ,pr(esseur de ,morale ,evanglique la ,sorbonne1 et ,membre de l',acadmie ,franaise4 ,translat$1 by special p]mission1 by ! ,au?or ( 8,a ,dom9ican ,arti/10 8,life ( ,s4 ,francis de ,sales10 c41 c4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8444 ,a mo/ t\*+ & p[]ful piece ( biography1 int]sp]s$ ) pr(\nd reflections on p]sonal religion1 & on ! prospects ( ,*ri/ianity4444 ,= prie/s ?is book is a treasure4 ,! moral ( x is ! absolute necessity ( #8recollect$ness' to ! high]1 & especially ! true prie/ly life40,,*ur* ,,review4 8,! works ( ! translator ( ,h5ri ,p]reyve f1 = ! mo/ "p1 a s]ies ( sa9tly biographies :i* h obta9$ a l>g] %>e ( popul>ity ?an is g5]ally accord$ to books ( ?is description4444 ,! description ( 8 la/ days w probably be read ) great] int]e/ ?an any o!r "p ( ! book2 pres5t+ z x does an example ( =titude "u suff]+1 & resignation1 :5 cut(f s soon aft] ent]+ ^u a mu*-covet$ & useful c>e]1 ( r>e occurr5ce 9 ?is age ( self-ass]tion4 ,?is is1 9 fact1 ! ess5tial tea*+ ( ! entire volume4444 ,! translator ( ! ,abb ,gratry's "w has done well 9 giv+ ,engli% read]s an opportunity ( pr(it+ by its lessons40,,morn+ ,,po/4 8=m0 replac$ ) 8f0 8,^? :o take a pleasure 9 read+ a beautiful acc\nt ( a beautiful "* w\ld d well to procure ! ,life ( #8,h5ri ,p]reyve4'444 ,we w\ld especially recomm5d ! book = ! p]usal ( ,engli% prie/s1 :o may le>n _m a holy lesson f ! devot$ _s 9 :i* ! subject ( ! memoir gave himself up to ! duties ( 8 sacr$ (fice1 & to ?is cultivation ( ! graces ) :i* he 0 end[$40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,x is easy to see t ,h5ri ,p]reyve1 ,pr(essor ( ,moral ,!ology at ! ,sorbonne1 0 a ,roman ,ca?olic prie/ ( no ord9>y type4 ,) comp>atively little ( :at ,prote/ants call sup]/ition1 ) great c\rage & s9c]ity1 ) a nature s+ul>ly guileless & noble1 8 prie/ly vocation1 al?\gh pursu$1 accord+ to 8 biograph]1 ) unbridl$ zeal1 did n /ifle 8 human sympa?ies & aspirations4 ,he c\ld n believe t 8 fai? compell$ him #8to r5\nce s5se & reason1' or t a prie/ 0 n free to speak1 act1 & ?9k l o!r m54 ,inde$1 ! ,abb ,gratry makes a k9d ( apology = 8 fri5d's free-speak+ 9 ?is respect1 & endeav\rs to expla9 x4 ,p]reyve 0 ! belov$ disciple ( ,lacordaire1 :o left him all 8 manuscripts1 notes1 & pap]s1 & he himself atta9$ ! position ( a great pulpit orator40,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 ,,! ,,la/ ,,days ,,( ,p,,re ,,gratry4 ,by ,,p]e ,,adolphe ,,p]raud1 ( ! ,oratory1 & ,pr(essor ( ,la ,sorbonne4 ,translat$ by special p]mission4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,s4 ,,francis ,,de ,,sales1 ,,bi%op ,,& ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,g5eva4 ,by ! ,au?or ( 8,a ,dom9ican ,arti/10 8,life ( ,madame ,l\ise de ,france10 c41 c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #is4 8,x is writt5 ) ! delicacy1 fre%ness1 & abs5ce ( all affectation :i* *>act]is$ ! =m] works by ! same h&1 & :i* r5d] ^! books s v mu* m pleasant read+ ?an are religi\s biographies 9 g5]al4 ,! "* ( ,s4 ,francis de ,sales1 ,bi%op ( ,g5eva1 is a *>m+ "o2 a m simple1 pure1 & pi\s life x w\ld be difficult to conceive4 ,8 unaffect$ humility1 8 fre$om f dogmatism 9 an age :5 dogma 0 plac$ above religion1 8 fre$om f bigotry 9 an age ( p]secution1 7 alike admirable40,,/&>d4 8,! au?or ( #8,a ,dom9ican ,arti/1' 9 writ+ ?is new life ( ! wise & lov+ ,bi%op & ,pr9ce ( ,g5eva1 has aim$ less at hi/orical or ecclesia/ical inve/igation ?an at a vivid & natural repres5tation ( ! inn] m9d & life ( ! subject ( 8 biography1 z x c be trac$ 9 8 own writ+s & 9 ^? ( 8 mo/ intimate & affectionate fri5ds4 ,! book is writt5 ) ! grave & quiet grace :i* *>act]ises ! productions ( its au?or1 & _c fail to please ^? read]s :o c sympa?ise ) all =ms ( goodness & devotion to noble purpose40,,we/m9/] ,,review4 8,a book :i* conta9s ! record ( a life z sweet1 pure1 & noble z any man by div9e help1 grant$ to dev\t s9c]ity ( s\l1 has be5 p]mitt$ to live ^u e>?4 ,! example ( ?is g5tle b resolute & en]getic _s1 :olly d$icat$ to ! highe/ conceivable good1 (f]+ itself1 ) all ! temporal uses ( m5tal exi/5ce1 to ! s]vice ( inf9ite & et]nal b5efic5ce1 is extremely t\*+4444 ,x is a book wor?y ( acceptance40,,daily ,,news4 8,x is n a translation or adaptation1 b an orig9al "w1 & a v *>m+ portrait ( "o ( ! mo/ w9n+ *>act]s 9 ! long gall]y ( ,sa9ts4 ,& x is a matt] ( ?ankfulness to u to f9d a di/9ctively ,anglican writ] sett+ =w>d ! good ,bi%op's "w among ,prote/ants1 z a true mission>y task to reclaim s\ls f deadly error1 & br+ !m back to ! tru?40,,union ,,review4 ,,! ,,_s ,,( ,s4 ,,francis ,,de ,,sales1 ,,bi%op ,,& ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,g5eva4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ! ,au?or ( 8,! ,life ( ,s4 ,francis de ,sales10 8,a ,dom9ican ,arti/10 c41 c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,selection ,,f ,,! ,,spiritual ,,lett]s ,,( ,s4 ,,francis ,,de ,,sales1 ,,bi%op ,,& ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,g5eva4 ,translat$ by ! ,au?or ( 8,life ( ,s4 ,francis de ,sales10 8,a ,dom9ican ,arti/10 c4 c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 8,x is a collection ( epi/ol>y correspond5ce ( r>e int]e/ & excell5ce4 ,) ^? :o h read ! ,life1 !re _c b h be5 a /rong desire to "k m ( s beautiful a "* z ,s4 ,francis de ,sales4 ,he 0 a model ( ,*ri/ian sa9tl9ess & religi\s virtue = all "t1 & "o ev]y?+ relat+ to :om1 s great 7 ! accompli%m5ts ( 8 m9d z well z ! devotion ( 8 he>t1 has a *>m :i* delights1 in/ructs1 & elevates40,,*ur* ,,h]ald4 8,a few mon?s back we _h ! pleasure ( welcom+ ! ,life ( ,s4 ,francis de ,sales4 ,"h is ! promis$ sequel3! #8,selection f 8 ,spiritual ,lett]s' !n ann\nc$3& a great boon x w be to _m4 ,! ,lett]s are address$ to p ( all sorts3to m5 & to wom53to laity & to ecclesia/ics1 to p liv+ 9 ! _w1 or at c\rt1 & to ! inmates ( ,religi\s ,h\ses4 ,& :at an idea x gives "o ( ! widely ramify+ influ5ce ( "o good man & ( ! untir+ dilig5ce ( a man1 :o 9 spite ( all 8 ext]nal duties1 c\ld f9d or make ! "t = all ^! lett]s4 ,we hope t ) our read]s x may be totally ne$less to urge su* a volume on _! notice40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 ,,consolatio2 or1 ,com=t = ! ,afflict$4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,e4 ,,k5naway4 ,) a ,preface by ,,samuel ,,wilb]=ce1 ,d4,d41 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]4 ,new ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,a *>m+ collection f ! be/ writ]s ( passages suitable 9 seasons ( sickness & afflictions40,,*ur* ,,review4 8,a v valuable collection ( extracts f writ]s ( e s*ool4 ,! volume is an elegant "o40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,a v useful collection ( devotional extracts f ! hi/ories ( good m5 ( v v>i\s s*ools ( ?\ght40,,john ,,bull4 8,we are b\nd to admire ! extreme beauty & ! w>m devotion ( ! majority ( passages "h collect$ to smoo? ! s\l t sorr[s1 ev5 ?\gh p5n$ by m5 f :om we diff] s mu* 9 doctr9e40,,rock4 8,a "w :i* we feel sure w f9d a welcome & also prove a soo?+ gue/ 9 ! *amb] ( _m an invalid40,,record4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,family ,,pray]4 ,compil$ by ,,walt] ,,f>quh> ,,hook1 ,d4,d41 ,dean ( ,*i*e/]4 ,eigh? ,edition4 #ahmo4 #bs4 ,,family ,,pray]s4 ,compil$ f v>i\s ,s\rces 7*iefly f ,bi%op ,hamilton's ,manual71 & arrang$ on ! ,liturgical ,pr9ciple4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,meyrick ,,g\lburn1 ,d4,d41 ,dean ( ,norwi*4 ,new ,edition4 ,l>ge type4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,*eap ,edition1 #afmo4 #as4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,confirmation1 ,compris+#a4 ,a ,g5]al ,acc\nt ( ! ,ord9ance4 #b4 ,! ,baptismal ,v[1 & ! ,engli% ,ord] ( ,confirmation1 ) ,%ort ,notes1 ,critical & ,devotional4 #c4 ,m$itations & ,pray]s on ,passages ( ,holy ,scripture1 9 connexion ) ! ,ord9ance4 ,) a ,pa/oral ,lett] in/ruct+ ,cate*um5s h[ to prep>e !mselves = _! fir/ ,communion4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,meyrick ,,g\lburn1 ,d4,d41 ,dean ( ,norwi*4 ,n9? ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,directorium ,,pa/orale4 ,! ,pr9ciples & ,practice ( ,pa/oral ,"w 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,john ,,h5ry ,,blunt1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,editor ( 8,! ,annotat$ ,book ( ,common ,pray]10 c4 c4 ,?ird ,edition1 revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,?is is ! ?ird edition ( a "w :i* has become des]v$ly popul> z ! be/ extant exposition ( ! pr9ciples & practice ( ! pa/oral "w 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,its h9ts & sugge/ions are bas$ on practical exp]i5ce1 & x is fur!r recomm5d$ by ! majority ( our ,bi%ops at ! ord9ation ( prie/s & deacons40,,/&>d4 8,its practical usefulness to ! p>o*ial cl]gy is prov$ by ! acceptance x has already receiv$ at _! h&s1 & no fai?ful p>i% prie/1 :o is work+ 9 real e>ne/ = ! ext5sion ( spiritual in/ruction among/ all classes ( 8 flock w rise f ! p]usal ( its pages )\t hav+ obta9$ "s valuable h9ts z to ! be/ mode ( br++ home our ,*ur*'s sy/em to ! he>ts ( 8 p40,,national ,,*ur*4 ,,! ,,%eph]d ,,( ,,h]mas4 ,translat$ into ,engli%1 ) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,by ,,*>les ,h4 ,,hoole1 ,m4,a41 ,s5ior ,/ud5t ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d4 ,small #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,hymns ,,& ,,poems ,,= ,,! ,,sick ,,& ,,suff]+4 ,9 connexion ) ! ,s]vice = ! ,visitation ( ! ,sick4 ,select$ f v>i\s ,au?ors4 ,edit$ by ,t4 ,v4 ,,fosb]y1 ,m4,a41 ,vic> ( ,/4 ,giles's1 ,read+4 ,new ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! 8,,damnatory ,,clauses0 ,,( ,,! ,,a?anasian ,,cre$ ,,rationally ,,expla9$1 ,,9 ,a ,,lett] ,,to ,,! ,,"r ,,hon4 ,w4 ,e4 ,,glad/one1 ,m4,p4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,malcolm ,,maccoll1 ,m4,a41 ,rector ( ,/4 ,george1 ,botolph ,lane4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,ecclesia/ical ,,t]ms4 ,conta9+ ,brief ,explanations ( ,words us$ 9 ,!ology1 ,liturgiology1 ,*ronology1 ,law1 ,ar*itecture1 ,antiquities1 ,symbolism1 ,greek ,hi]ology & ,m$ival ,lat92 toge!r ) "s acc\nt ( ,titles ( our ,"l1 ,emblems ( ,sa9ts1 ,hymns1 ,ord]s1 ,h]esies1 ,ornam5ts1 ,(fices1 ,ve/m5ts & ,c]emonial1 & ,miscellane\s ,subjects4 ,by ,v>i\s ,writ]s4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,,orby ,,%ipley1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,anci5t ,,hymns4 ,f ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,= ,dome/ic ,use e ,morn+ & ,ev5+ ( ! ,week1 & on ! ,holy ,days ( ! ,*ur*4 ,to :i* are add$1 ,orig9al ,hymns1 pr9cipally ( ,commemoration & ,?anksgiv+ = ,*ri/'s ,holy ,ord9ances4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,,mant1 ,d4,d41 sometime ,"l ,bi%op ( ,d[n & ,connor4 ,new ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #es4 8,real poetry w$d$ to words t brea! ! pure/ & ! sweete/ _s ( ,*ri/ian devotion4 ,! translation f ! old ,lat9 ,hymnal are close & fai?ful r5d]+s40,,/&>d4 8,z a ,hymn writ] ,bi%op ,mant des]v$ly occupies a prom95t place 9 ! e/eem ( ,*ur*m51 & we d\bt n t _m w be ! read]s :o w welcome ?is new edition ( 8 translations & orig9al compositions40,,engli% ,,*ur*man4 8,a new edition ( ,bi%op ,mant's #8,anci5t ,hymns f ! ,roman ,brevi>y' =ms a h&some little volume1 & x is int]e/+ to comp>e "s ( ^! translations ) ! m mod]n ones ( our own day4 ,:ile we h no hesitation 9 aw>d+ ! palm to ! latt]1 ! =m] are an evid5ce ( ! e>lie/ g]ms ( t ye>n+ ( ! dev\t m9d = some?+ bett] ?an ,tate & ,brady1 & :i* "k s ri*ly suppli$40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,?is valuable manual w be ( great assi/ance to all compil]s ( ,hymn-,books4 ,! translations are graceful1 cle>1 & =cible1 & ! orig9al hymns des]ve ! highe/ praise4 ,bi%op ,mant has caught ! v _s ( true psalmody1 8 metre fl[s musically1 & !re is a tuneful r+ 9 8 v]ses :i* especially adapts !m = congregational s++40,,rock4 ,,ye/]day1 ,,to-,,day1 ,,& ,,= ,,ev]3 ,a ,poem 9 ,twelve ,books4 ,by ,e4 ,h4 ,,bick]/e?1 ,m4,a41 ,vic> ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,hamp/ead4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #fs4 8,! mo/ simple1 ! ri*e/1 & ! mo/ p]fect sacr$ poem :i* rec5t days h produc$40,,morn+ ,,adv]tis]4 8,a poem wor? read+1 wor?y ( att5tive /udy2 full ( noble ?\ghts1 beautiful diction1 & high imag9ation40,,/&>d4 8,mr4 ,bick]/e? writes l a man :o cultivates at once rev]5ce & e>ne/ness ( ?\ght40,,gu>dian4 8,9 ^! light miscellany days !re is a spiritual refre%m5t 9 ! spectacle ( man gird+ up ! lo9s ( 8 m9d to ! task ( produc+ a g5u9e epic4 ,& x is true poetry4 ,!re is a def9it5ess1 a crispness ab\t x1 :i* 9 ^! moi/1 viewy1 hazy days is no less invigorat+ ?an novel40,,ed9burgh ,,daily ,,review4 890 replac$ ) 8is0 ,,! ,,two ,,bro!rs1 & o!r ,poems4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,h5ry ,,bick]/e?1 ,m4,a41 ,vic> ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,hamp/ead1 & ,*apla9 to ! ,bi%op ( ,ripon1 ,au?or ( 8,ye/]day1 ,to-day1 & = ,ev]40 ,second ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,h&y ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,ecclesia/ical ,,dilapidations ,,act1 #ahga4 ,) ! ,am5dm5t ,act1 #ahgb4 ,) ,rem>ks on ! ,qualification & ,practice ( ,diocesan ,surveyors4 ,by ,,edw>d ,g4 ,,bruton1 ,f4,r4,i4,b4,a41 & ,diocesan ,surveyor1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,/ones ,,( ,,! ,,temple2 ,,or1 ,,lessons ,,f ,,! ,,fabric ,,& ,,furniture ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,by ,,walt] ,,field1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,vic> ( ,godm]%am4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,anyone :o wi%es = simple in=mation on ! subjects ( ,*ur*-ar*itecture & furniture1 _c d bett] ?an consult #8,/ones ( ! ,temple4' ,mr4 ,field mode/ly disclaims any int5tion ( supplant+ ! exi/+ regul> treatises1 b 8 book %[s an am\nt ( rese>*1 & a k ( :at he is talk+ ab\t1 :i* make x practically useful z well z pleasant4 ,! wood-cuts are num]\s & "s ( !m v pretty40,,graphic4 8,a v *>m+ book1 by ! ,rev4 ,walt] ,field1 :o 0 = ye>s ,secret>y ( "o ( ! lead+ ,*ur* ,societies4 ,mr4 ,field has a lov+ rev]5ce = ! beauty ( ! domus mansionalis ,dei1 z ! old law books call$ ! ,p>i% ,*ur*4444 ,?or\ghly s\nd 9 ,*ur* feel+1 ,mr4 ,field has *os5 ! m$ium ( a tale to embody real incid5ts illu/rative ( ! v>i\s portions ( 8 subject4 ,!re is no attempt at elaboration ( ! n>rative1 :i*1 inde$1 is r a /r+ ( anecdotes ?an a /ory1 b ea* *apt] br+s home to ! m9d its own lesson1 & ea* is illu/rat$ ) "s v int]e/+ engrav+s4444 ,! "w w prop]ly comm& a he>ty reception f ,*ur*m54 ,! footnotes are occasionally mo/ valuable1 & are always p]t95t1 & ! text is sure to be popul> ) "y folks = ,sunday read+40,,/&>d4 8,mr4 ,field's *apt]s on brasses1 *ancel scre5s1 crosses1 encau/ic tiles1 mural pa9t+s1 por*es & pavem5ts1 are agreeably writt51 & p ) a turn = ,ritualism w no d\bt f9d !m edify+4 ,! volume1 z we h said1 is n )\t significance = read]s :o are unable to sympa?ize ) ! object ( ! writ]4 ,! illu/rations ( ,*ur*-ar*itecture & ,*ur* ornam5ts are v attractive40,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 ,a ,,%ad[ ,,( ,,dante4 ,be+ an ,essay t[>ds ,/udy+ ,himself1 8 ,_w1 & 8 ,pilgrimage4 ,by ,,m>ia ,,francesca ,,rossetti4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 8,! #8,%ad[ ( ,dante' is a well-conceiv$ & invit+ volume1 design$ to recomm5d ! #8,div9a ,comm$ia' to ,engli% read]s1 & to facilitate ! /udy & compreh5sion ( its cont5ts40,,a?rn,,um4 8,& x is 9 itself a true "w ( art1 a :ole f9ely conceiv$1 & c>ri$ out ) su/a9$ p[]1"o ( ^? reproductions & adumbrations ( great works1 9 :i* m]e s]vile copy+ disappe>s1 & :i* are only possible to a m9d :i*1 h[ev] inf]ior to its orig9al1 is yet ( ! same ord] & temp]am5t1 ) an unusual faculty = tak+ ! impressions ( t orig9al & reflect+ !m undimm$4 ,x is mu* to say ( a volume l ?is4 ,b x is n too mu* to say1 :51 aft] go+ ?r\gh x1 we consid] ! ?or\gh k ( ! subject %[n 9 x1 ! pati5t skill ) :i* ! intricate & puzzl+ arrangem5ts ( ! poem1 full ( :at we call ! conceits & puzzles ( ! contempor>y philosophy1 are unravell$ & made intelligible2 ! discrim9ation & high pr9ciple ) :i* s ard5t a lov] ( ! great poet blames 8 excesses2 ! high & noble ,*ri/ian fai? :i* responds to 82 &1 la/ly1 ! gift ( eloqu5t spee*1 ke51 ri*1 cond5s$1 expressive1 :i* seems to h pass$ into ! writ] f ! lov+ /udy ( ! greate/ ma/] 9 8 own tongue ( all ! inimitable h>monies ( language! t5d]e/1 ! deepe/1 ! mo/ awful40,,gu>dian4 8,! "w introduces u n m]ely to ! au?or's life & ! political & ecclesia/ical conjunctures "u :i* he liv$1 b to ! outl9es ( ! ,ca?olicis$ sy/ems ( e?ics1 a/ronomy1 & geography :i* he int]pret$ 9 classify+ 8 spirits & assign+ !m _! dwell+s2 z also to ! drift ( 8 lead+ allegories2 & f9ally1 to ! g5]al conduct ( 8 poem:i* is amply illu/rat$ by citations f ! mo/ lit]al v]se translations4 ,we f9d ! volume furni%$ ) useful diagrams ( ! ,dantesque univ]se1 ( ,hell1 ,purgatory1 & ! #8,rose ( ! ,bless$1' & adorn$ ) a beautiful gr\p ( ! lik5esses ( ! poet1 & ) symbolic figures 7on ! b9d+7 9 :i* ! ta/e & execution ( ,mr4 ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti w be recognis$4 ,! exposition appe>s to u rem>kably well arrang$ & dige/$2 ! au?or's appreciation ( ,dante's religi\s s5tim5ts & op9ions is peculi>ly he>ty1 & h] /yle refre%+ly indep5d5t & orig9al40,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 8,x be>s traces ?r\gh\t ( hav+ be5 due to a pati5t1 lov+ & appreciative /udy ( ! great poet1 z he is exhibit$1 n m]ely 9 ! #8,div9a ,comm$ia1' b 9 8 o!r writ+s4 ,! result has be5 a book :i* is n only delightful 9 itself to read1 b is admirably adapt$ z an enc\ragem5t to ^? /ud5ts :o wi% to obta9 a prelim9>y survey ( ! l& be=e !y attempt to foll[ ,dante ?r\gh 8 long & ardu\s pilgrimage4 ,( all poets ,dante /&s mo/ 9 ne$ ( su* assi/ance z ?is book (f]s40,,saturday ,,review4 ,,p>i% ,,mus+s2 ,,or1 ,,devotional ,,poems4 ,by ,,john ,s4 ,b4 ,,monsell1 ,,ll4,d41 ,rural ,dean1 & ,rector ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 ,guild=d4 ,f9e ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #es4 ,*eap ,edition1 #ahmo1 limp clo?1 #as4 #f;d42 or 9 ,cov]1 #as4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,ju/ification4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,lectures deliv]$ 9 ,sub/ance at ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,m>g>et ,/reet1 9 ,l5t1 #ahgj4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,george ,,body1 ,b4,a41 ,rector ( ,kirkby ,misp]ton4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 8,on ! :ole we h r>ely met ) a m cle>1 intelligible & p]suasive /atem5t ( ! tru? z reg>ds ! important topics on :i* ! volume treats4 ,s]mon ,,ii4 9 p>ticul>1 w /rike e "o by its eloqu5ce & beauty1 b we sc>cely l to specify x1 le/ 9 prais+ x we %\ld seem to disp>age ! o!r portions ( ?is admirable little "w40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,^! disc\rses %[ t _! au?or's position is due to some?+ m & high] ?an m]e flu5cy1 ge/iculation1 & flexibility ( voice4 ,he appe>s z hav+ drunk deeply at ! f\nta9 ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & z und]/&+ h[ to translate ! burn+ words ( t mighty g5ius into ! curr5t language ( to-day40,,union ,,review4 8,!re is real p[] 9 ^! s]mons3p[]1 real p[]1 & pl5ty ( x4444 ,!re is su* a moral v]aci\sness ab\t him1 su* a pr(\nd & ov]-ma/]+ belief t ,*ri/ has prov$ a bona-fide cure = unhol9ess1 & su* an int5sity ( eag]ness to lead o!rs to seek & pr(it by t means ( atta9+ ! true sanctity :i* alone c ent] ,heav5t we wond] n at ! cr[ds :i* hang ^u 8 prea*+1 nor at ! success ( 8 f]vid appeals to ! human consci5ce4 ,if any "o d\bts our v]dict1 let him buy ?is volume4 ,no "o w regret its p]usal40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 ,,s]mons ,,on ,,special ,,occasions4 ,by ,,daniel ,,moore1 ,m4,a41 ,*apla9 9 ,ord9>y to ! ,que51 & ,vic> ( ,holy ,tr9ity1 ,padd+ton2 ,au?or ( ,hulsean ,lectures on 8,! ,age & ! ,gospel10 8,aids to ,pray]10 c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,we d n wond] at ,mr4 ,moore's long cont9u$ popul>ity ) s _m he>]s2 !re is s mu* pa9/ak+ & s mu* g5u9e desire to dis*>ge 8 duty z a prea*] visible ?r\gh all ! volume4 ,:at we miss is ! deep] !ology1 & ! spontane\s fl[ ( tea*+ z f a spr+ :i* _c help fl[+1 :i* "s ( our prea*]s happily exhibit4 ,b ! ,s]mons may be recomm5d$1 or we w\ld n notice !m40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,r>ely h we met ) a bett] volume ( ,s]mons4444 ,or?odox1 affectionate1 & e>ne/1 ^! ,s]mons exhibit at ! same "t mu* rese>*1 & are di/+ui%$ by an elegance & f9i% ( /yle (t5 want+ 9 ^! days ( rapid writ+ & cont9ual prea*+40,,john ,,bull4 8,s]mons l ^? ( ,mr4 ,moore are1 h[ev]1 /ill ( comp>ative r>itys]mons 9 :i* we meet ) doctr9e :i* _c be ga9said2 ) a k ( ! peculi> circum/ances ( 8 he>]s1 :i* no?+ b accurate obs]vation & long exp]i5ce c secure1 & a peculi> felicity ( /yle :i* _m w envy1 b to :i* x is ! lot ( few to atta940,,*ri/ian ,,obs]v]4 8,we h _h real pleasure1 h[ev]1 9 read+ ^! s]mons4 ,"h are mo/ ( ! elem5ts ( a prea*]'s p[] & usefulness3 skilful arrangem5t ( ! subject1 admirable cle>ness ( /yle1 e>ne/ness1 bo? ( ?\ght & language1 & ! prime qualification ( all1 #89 doctr9e1 uncorruptness4'0,,london ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 ,,! ,,knight ,,( ,,int]cession1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,s4 ,j4 ,,/one1 ,m4,a41 ,pembroke ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,second ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #fs4 8,mr4 ,/one has n[ giv5 to ! public a collection ( poems1 widely diff]5t 9 =m1 :i* enable u to measure m accurately 8 p[]s1 n m]ely z a hymni/1 b z a poet2 & ?\gh we w\ld n injure a gr[+ reputation by ov]/at+ 8 m]its1 yet we c safely say t 8 volume conta9s mu* g5u9e poetry :i* w be read ) unqualifi$ pleasure4444 ,x w\ld be ungrateful ( u to put d[n ?is volume )\t express+ ! great pleasure x has af=d$ u1 & our high appreciation ( ! valuable s]vices :i* its au?or is r5d]+ to ! ,*ur*40,,*ur* ,,bells4 8444 ,we all "k him s well z ! au?or ( ! beautiful processional hymn #8,! ,*ur*'s ,"o ,f\ndation1' ! ,l5t5 hymn #8,we>y ( ,e>?1' & o!r fav\rites1 t we 7 fully prep>$ = ! pleasure t await$ u 9 p]us+ ?is volume40,,*ur* ,,op9ion4 8,! extracts we h ?us giv51 diff]+ z !y d alike 9 subject & 9 /yle1 pres5t fair specim5s ( ! v>i$ int]e/ ( ! volume1 & ( ! poetic p[]s ( its au?or4 ,mo/ ( our read]s1 we ?9k1 w agree ) u t ! publication is well-tim$1 & t x has mu* 9 x t is bo? pleasant & pr(itable read+40,,*ur* ,,h]ald4 8,9 ! #8,knight ( ,int]cession' & o!r poems we h ! outp\r+s ( a pure & devotional _s1 9 language ( unassum+ & yet g5u9e poetry1 ris+ at times1 naturally & )\t ef=t1 to a quiet b real beauty40,,scotsman4 8,mr4 ,/one1 x is cle>1 has /udi$ all ! be/ models1 & has be5 influ5c$ by !m2 b he ma9ta9s ?r\gh all a di/9ctly individual note1 & gives u real music4444 ,!re are true t\*es 9 ! ,idylls1 & "s ( ! poems on pictures are rem>kably expressive & skilful1 ?\gh no?+ is m difficult ?an ! prop] work+ out ( su* !mes4 ,we l "s ( ! sonnets"s ( !m are exceptionally sweet & f9i%$40,,noncon=mi/4 ,,! ,,annual ,,regi/]3 ,a ,review ( ,public ,ev5ts at ,home & ,abroad1 = ! ,ye> #ahgb4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,all ! ,volumes ( ! ,new ,s]ies f #ahfc to #ahgb may be _h1 #ahs4 ea*4 8,well edit$1 excell5t type1 good pap]1 & 9 all respects admirably got up4 ,its review ( affairs1 ,home1 ,colonial1 & ,=eign1 x fair1 concise1 & complete40,,m9+ ,,qu>t]ly4 8,solidly valuable1 z well z int]e/+40,,/&>d4 8,compreh5sive & well execut$40,,spectator4 8,! :ole "w be+ well-writt51 & compil$ ) c>e & judgm5t1 x is int]e/+ read+ = ! pres5t day1 w be m useful z a "w ( ref]5ce 9 future ye>s1 & w be mo/ valuable ( all to read]s ( ano!r g5]ation4 ,e /ud5t ( hi/ory kn[s ! wor?1 = ! "t t x cov]s1 ( ! old #8,annual ,regi/]1' & ?is new s]ies is bett] done & m compreh5sive ?an its pr$ecessor40,,exam9]4 8,?is volume ( ! new s]ies ( ! #8,annual ,regi/]' seems well & c>efully compil$4 ,! n>rative is accurate1 & x is obvi\s t ! writ]s h /riv5 to be imp>tial40,,a!n,,um4 8,! :ole ( ! compilation1 h[ev]1 is readable1 & "s ( its m important p>ts are v well done4 ,su* is1 among o!r hi/orical portions1 ! acc\nt ( ! situation 9 ,france be=e & at ! beg9n+ ( ! w>4 ,! n>rative ( ! milit>y ev5ts is cle>1 compreh5sive1 & attractive40,,nation 7,,new ,,york74 ,,hi/orical ,,n>ratives4 ,f ! ,russian4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,,roman(f1 ,au?or ( 8,sket*es ( ! ,rites & ,cu/oms ( ! ,greco-,russian ,*ur*10 c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,pray]s ,,& ,,m$itations ,,= ,,! ,,holy ,,communion4 ,) a ,preface by ,c4 ,j4 ,,ellicott1 ,d4,d41 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/] & ,bri/ol4 ,) rubrics & bord]s 9 r$4 ,royal #cbmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,dev\t beauty is ! special "* ( ?is new manual1 & x ought to be a fav\rite4 ,r>ely has x happ5$ to u to meet ) s rem>kable a comb9ation ( ?or\gh practicalness ) t almo/ poetic w>m? :i* is ! highe/ fl[] ( g5u9e devotion4 ,x des]ves to be plac$ along ) ! manual edit$ by ,mr4 ,keble s %ortly be=e 8 decease1 n z sup]s$+ x1 = ! scope ( ! two is diff]5t1 b to be tak5 along ) x4 ,no?+ c exce$ ! beauty & fulness ( ! devotions be=e communion 9 ,mr4 ,keble's book1 b we ?9k t 9 "s po9ts ! devotions "h giv5 aft] ,holy ,communion are ev5 sup]ior to x40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,bi%op ,ellicott has edit$ a book ( #8,pray]s & ,m$itations = ! ,holy ,communion1' :i*1 among ,eu*>i/ic manuals1 has its own special *>act]i/ic4 ,! ,bi%op recomm5ds x to ! newly confirm$1 to ! t5d]-he>t$ & ! dev\t1 z hav+ be5 compil$ by a y\?ful p]son1 & z be+ m>k$ by a peculi> #8fre%ness4' ,hav+ look$ ?r\gh ! volume1 we h pleasure 9 second+ ! recomm5dations ( ! good ,bi%op4 ,we "k ( no m suitable manual = ! newly confirm$1 & no?+ m likely to engage ! sympa?ies ( y\?ful he>ts4 ,!re is a union ( ! deepe/ _s ( devotion1 a ri* expression ( exp]im5tal life1 ) a due recognition ( ! objects ( fai?1 su* z is n always to be f\nd1 b :i* *>act]ises ?is manual 9 an em95t degree40,,*ur* ,,review4 8,! ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/]'s imprimatur is atta*$ to #8,pray]s & ,m$itations = ! ,holy ,communion1' int5d$ z a manual = ! rec5tly confirm$1 nicely pr9t$1 & !ologically s\nd40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,among ! supply ( ,eu*>i/ic ,manuals1 "o des]ves special att5tion & comm5dation4 #8,pray]s & ,m$itations' m]its ! ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/]'s epi!ts ( #8w>m1 dev\t1 & fre%4' ,& x is ?or\ghly ,engli% ,*ur* besides40,,gu>dian4 8,we are by no means surpris$ t ,bi%op ,ellicott %\ld h be5 s mu* /ruck ) ?is little "w1 on accid5tally see+ x 9 manuscript1 z to urge its publication1 & to preface x ) 8 comm5dation4 ,! devotion :i* x brea!s is truly f]v5t1 & ! language attractive1 & z proce$+ f a "y p]son ! "w is altoge!r n a little /rik+40,,record4 ,,! ,,pray] ,,book ,,int]leav$2 ,) ,hi/orical ,illu/rations & ,explanatory ,notes arrang$ p>allel to ! ,text4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,m4 ,,campion1 ,d4,d41 ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,que5's ,college1 & ,rector ( ,/4 ,botolph's1 & ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,beamont1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,) a ,preface by ! ,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,ely4 ,six? ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,eight ,,lectures ,,on ,,! ,,miracles4 ,be+ ! ,bampton ,lectures = #ahfe4 ,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,mozley1 ,d4,d41 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,div9ity1 & ,canon ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d4 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,cate*esis2 ,,or1 ,,*ri/ian ,,in/ruction ,,prep>atory ,,to ,,confirmation ,,& ,,fir/ ,,communion4 ,by ,,*>les ,,wordswor?1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,bi%op ( ,/4 ,&rew's4 ,new ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4 ,a ,,!ory ,,( ,,h>mony4 ,f\nd$ on ! ,temp]$ ,scale4 ,) ,que/ions & ,ex]cises = ! ,use ( ,/ud5ts4 ,by ,,john ,,/a9]1 ,mus4 ,doc41 ,m4,a41 ,magdal5e ,college1 ,ox=d1 ,organi/ to ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral4 ,royal #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,x is ! fir/ "w ( its class t ne$s no apology = its introduction1 z x is really mu* ne$$ especially by tea*]s1 :o w\ld fail )\t ! aid ( its pr9ciples to acc\nt = _m ( ! effects 9 mod]n music1 us$ 9 direct opposition to ! tea*+ ( ! s*ools4 ,x is difficult1 if n impossible1 to give a m elaborate description ( a book de/9$ to effect an entire *ange 9 musical tea*+ )\t ent]+ into details t c\ld n b prove un9t]e/+ to ! g5]al read]s1 :ile to ! musician & amateur1 ! possession ( ! book itself is recomm5d$ z a valuable confirmation ( ideas t exi/ to a l>ge ext5t 9 ! m9ds ( e "o :o has ev] ?\ght ab\t music1 & :o desires to see e/abli%$ a m uni=m basis ( /udy4 ,! great & lead+ *>act]i/ic ( ! "w is its logical reason+ & def9itions1 a "* n possess$ by any previ\s book on ! subject1 & = ?is ,dr4 ,/a9]'s !ory is c]ta9 to ga9 gr\nd1 & be ! means ( op5+ an easy & pleasant pa? 9 a road hi!rto beset ) ! ?orns & bri>s ( p]plex+ te*nicalities40,,morn+ ,,po/4 8,dr4 ,/a9] is a le>n$ musician1 & 8 book supplies a manual ( in=mation z well z a ri* repository ( musical erudition 9 ! =m ( classical quotations f ! great ma/]s40,,john ,,bull4 8,dr4 ,/a9]1 9 8 ?\ghtful book1 sees cle>ly ( amalgamat+ oppos+ sy/ems 9 ord] to f\nd a !ory ( h>mony4 ,he bases 8 "w on ! temp]$ scale1 & he developes & illu/rates 8 !ory by que/ions & ex]cises = ! use ( /ud5ts4 ,8 op5+ exposition ( ! rudim5ts ( music is cle>3 :5 he rea*es ! regions ( h>mony he comes on debateable gr\nd40,,a!n,,um4 8,to ! /ud5t p]plex$ & *a9$ d[n by ! multitud9\s rules ( ! old !ori/s1 we _c give bett] com=t ?an to advise him to read =?) ,dr4 ,/a9]'s +5i\s & ?\ghtful book4 ,x is exce$+ly well got up1 & f ! cle>ness ( ! type us$1 v easy & pleasant to read40,,*oir4 ,,*ur* ,,organs3 _! ,position & ,con/ruction4 ,) an ,app5dix conta9+ "s ,acc\nt ( ! ,m$ival ,organ ,case /ill exi/+ at ,old ,radnor1 ,s\? ,wales4 ,by ,,fr$]ick ,,hea?cote ,,sutton1 ,m4,a41 ,vic> ( ,!dd+wor?4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,imp]ial folio4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,,miscellane\s ,,poems4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,francis ,,lyte1 ,m4,a4 ,new ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #es4 ,,bible ,,read+s ,,= ,,family ,,pray]4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,ridley1 ,m4,a41 ,rector ( ,hambl$54 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,old ,te/am5t,g5esis & ,exodus4 #bs4 ,new ,te/am5t1 ,/4 ,luke & ,/4 ,john4 #bs4 ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,m>k4 #bs4 ,! ,f\r ,gospels1 9 "o volume4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,/4 ,,john ,,*ryso/om',s ,,liturgy4 ,translat$ by ,h4 ,c4 ,,roman(f1 ,au?or ( 8,sket*es ( ! ,rites & ,cu/oms ( ! ,greco-,russian ,*ur*10 c4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,squ>e cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,notitia ,,eu*>i/ica4 ,a ,comm5t>y1 ,explanatory1 ,doctr9al1 & ,hi/orical1 on ! ,ord] ( ! ,adm9i/ration ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 or ,holy ,communion1 accord+ to ! ,use ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,,scudamore1 ,m4,a41 ,rector ( ,dit*+ham1 & =m]ly ,fell[ ( ,s4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4 #hvo4 #bhs4 ,,words ,,to ,,take ,,) ,,u4 ,a ,manual ( ,daily & ,occasional ,pray]s1 = ,private & ,common ,use4 ,) ,pla9 ,in/ructions & ,c\nsels on ,pray]4 ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,,scudamore1 ,m4,a41 ,rector ( ,dit*+ham1 & =m]ly ,fell[ ( ,s4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,new ,edition4 ,revis$4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8#8,words to ,take ) ,u1' by ,w4 ,e4 ,scudamore1 is "o ( ! be/ manuals ( daily & occasional pray]s we h se54 ,at once or?odox & practical1 suffici5tly p]sonal1 & yet n p]plex+ly m9ute 9 its details1 x is calculat$ to be ( ine/imable value 9 _m a h\sehold40,,john ,,bull4 8,we are aga9 pleas$ to see an old fri5d on ! editorial table1 9 a ?ird edition ( ,mr4 ,scudamore's well-kn[n ,manual ( ,pray]s4 ,! special prop] collects = ea* day ( ! week1 z well z ^? = ! sev]al seasons ( ! ,*ri/ian ye>1 h be5 mo/ judici\sly select$4 ,! compil] moreov]1 :ile recognis+ ! full b5efits to be d]iv$ f ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 has n fe>$ to draw l>gely f ! equally invaluable writ+s ( anci5t ,ca?olicity4 ,! preface is a sy/ematic arrangem5t ( in/ructions 9 pray] & m$itation40,,*ur* ,,review4 ,,! ,,home ,,life ,,( ,,jesus ,,( ,,naz>e? ,,& ,,o!r ,,s]mons4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,augu/us ,,gurney1 ,m4,a41 ,vic> ( ,wribb5hall1 ,kidd]m9/]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,a ,,*ur* ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,sev5 ,,c5turies1 to ! ,close ( ! ,six? ,g5]al ,c\ncil4 ,by ,,milo ,,mahan1 ,d4,d41 sometime ,s4 ,m>k's-9-!-,b[]y ,pr(essor ( ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory 9 ! ,g5]al ,!ological ,sem9>y1 ,new ,york4 #hvo4 #aes4 ,,our ,,"m ,,*ur*3 be+ ,simple ,talk on ,high ,topics4 ,by ,,anne ,,m]ci]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,we h r>ely come across a book deal+ ) an old subject 9 a heal?i] &1 z f> z may be1 m orig9al mann]1 :ile yet ?or\ghly practical1 ?an #8,our ,"m ,*ur*1' by ,mrs4 ,j]ome ,m]ci]4 ,x is int5d$ = & admirably adapt$ to ! use ( girls4 ,?or\ghly rev]5t 9 its tone1 & be>+ 9 e page m>ks ( le>n$ rese>*1 x is yet easy ( compreh5sion1 & expla9s ecclesia/ical t]ms ) ! accuracy ( a lexicon )\t ! accompany+ dulness4 ,x is to be hop$ t ! book w atta9 to ! l>ge circulation x ju/ly m]its40,,john ,,bull4 8,we h nev] se5 a book = girls ( its class :i* comm5ds itself to u m p>ticul>ly ?an #8,our ,"m ,*ur*' by ,mrs4 ,j]ome ,m]ci]4 ,! au?or1 :o is ! wife ( an e>ne/ p>i% prie/ ( ! ,anglican s*ool1 ne> ,london1 calls h] "w #8simple talk on great subjects1' & calls x by a "n t describes x almo/ z completely z we c\ld d 9 a long] notice ?an we c sp>e ! volume4 ,"h are ! head+s ( ! *apt]s3#8,! ,primitive ,*ur*1' #8,primitive ,places & ,modes ( ,wor%ip1' #8,! ,e>ly ,engli% ,*ur*1' #8,! ,mona/ic ,ord]s1' #8,! ,fri>s1' #8,a ,review ( ,*ur* ,hi/ory1' #8,! ,pray] ,book1' 7f\r *apt]s71 #8,symbolism1' #8,*ur* ,ar*itecture1' #8,w9d[s & ,bells1' #8,*ur* ,music1' #8,*ur* ,"w4' ,no "o c fail to compreh5d ! beautifully simple1 dev\t1 & appropriate language 9 :i* ,mrs4 ,m]ci] embodies :at %e has to say2 & = ! facts ) :i* %e deals %e has tak5 good c>e to h _! accuracy assur$40,,/&>d4 8,! plan ( ?is pleasant-look+ book is excell5t4 ,x is a k9d ( ,mrs4 ,m>kham on ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 writt5 especially = girls1 & we %all n be surpris$ to f9d x become a fav\rite 9 s*ools4444 ,x is really a conv]sational h&-book to ! ,engli% ,*ur*'s hi/ory1 doctr9e1 & ritual1 compli$ by a v dilig5t read] f "s ( ! be/ mod]n ,anglican s\rces40,,engli% ,,*ur*man4 ,,! ,,div9ity ,,( ,,our ,,"l ,,& ,,savi\r ,,jesus ,,*ri/2 be+ ! ,bampton ,lectures = #ahff4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,p>ry ,,liddon1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,canon ( ,/4 ,paul's1 & ,irel& ,pr(essor ( ,exegesis 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,s]mons ,,prea*$ ,,be=e ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ox=d4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,p>ry ,,liddon1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,canon ( ,/4 ,paul's1 & ,irel& ,pr(essor ( ,exegesis 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,fif? ,edition1 revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,"s ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,religion4 ,l5t ,lectures4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,p>ry ,,liddon1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,canon ( ,/4 ,paul's1 & ,irel& ,pr(essor ( ,exegesis 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,h\sehold ,,!ology3 ,a ,h&book ( ,religi\s ,in=mation respect+ ! ,holy ,bible1 ! ,pray] ,book1 ! ,*ur*1 ! ,m9i/ry1 ,div9e ,wor%ip1 ! ,cre$s1 c41 c4 ,by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,blunt1 ,m4,a4 ,new ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,lib] ,,precum ,,public>um ,,ecclesi ,,anglican4 ,a ,,gulielmo ,,bright1 ,a4,m41 et ,,petro ,,goldsmi? ,,m$d1 ,a4,m41 ,presbyt]is1 ,collegii ,univ]sitatis 9 ,acad4 ,oxon4 ,sociis1 ,lat9e r$ditus4 ,new ,edition1 ) all ! ,rubrics 9 r$4 ,small #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,psalms4 ,translat$ f ! ,hebrew4 ,) ,notes1 *iefly ,exegetical4 ,by ,,william ,,kay1 ,d4,d41 ,rector ( ,great ,leighs2 late ,pr9cipal ( ,bi%op's ,college1 ,calcutta4 #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 8,l a s\nd ,*ur*man1 he rev]5ces ,scripture1 uphold+ its au?ority aga9/ sceptics2 & he does n d5\nce su* z diff] f him 9 op9ion ) a dogmatism unhappily too common at ! pres5t day4 ,h5ce1 read]s w be dispos$ to consid] 8 conclusions wor?y ( att5tion2 or p]haps to adopt !m )\t inquiry4 ,x is sup]flu\s to say t ! translation is bett] & m accurate on ! :ole ?an our receiv$ "o1 or t x (t5 reproduces ! s5se ( ! orig9al happily40,,a!n,,um4 8,dr4 ,kay has pr(\nd rev]5ce = ,div9e tru?1 & exhibits consid]able read+1 ) ! p[] to make use ( x40,,briti% ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 8,! execution ( ! "w is c>eful & s*ol>ly40,,union ,,review4 8,to m5tion ! "n ( ,dr4 ,kay is en\gh to secure respectful att5tion to 8 new translation ( ! ,psalms4 ,x is enri*$ ) exegetical notes conta9+ a weal? ( s\nd le>n+1 closely occasionally1 p]haps too closely cond5s$4 ,good c>e is tak5 ( ! /ud5t n le>n$ 9 ,hebrew2 we hope ! ,doctor's example w prev5t any abuse ( ?is consid]ation1 & /imulate ^? :o pr(it by x to foll[ him into ! v text ( ! anci5t ,revelation40,,john ,,bull4 ,,! ,,annotat$ ,,book ,,( ,,common ,,pray]2 be+ an ,hi/orical1 ,ritual1 & ,!ological ,comm5t>y on ! ,devotional ,sy/em ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,,john ,,h5ry ,,blunt1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,au?or ( 8,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation10 8,directorium ,pa/orale10 ,editor ( 8,! ,diction>y ( ,!ology10 c4 ,six? edition1 revis$4 ,imp]ial #hvo4 #cfs41 or half-b\nd 9 morocco1 #dhs4 ,a ,,companion ,,to ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t4 ,be+ a ,pla9 ,comm5t>y on ,scripture ,hi/ory1 d[n to ! ,bir? ( our ,"l4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,a mo/ admirable ,companion to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 be+ f> ! mo/ concise yet complete comm5t>y on ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory ) :i* we h met4 ,"h are comb9$ or?odoxy & le>n+1 an intellig5t & at ! same "t int]e/+ summ>y ( ! lead+ facts ( ! sacr$ /ory4 ,x %\ld be a text-book 9 e s*ool1 & its value is imm5sely enhanc$ by ! copi\s & complete index40,,john ,,bull4 8,?is w be f\nd a v valuable aid to ! "r und]/&+ ( ! ,bible4 ,x ?r[s ! :ole ,scripture n>rative into "o f ! creation d[nw>ds1 ! au?or ?us cond5s+ ,prideaux1 ,%uck=d1 & ,russell1 & 9 ! mo/ rev]5tial mann] br++ to 8 aid ! writ+s ( all mod]n annotators & *ronologi/s4 ,!re are no l5g?y comm5ts1 no vision>y !ories1 no?+ speculative2 all is pla9 matt] ( fact1 intelligibly /at$4 ,! book is "o t %\ld h a wide circulation among/ tea*]s & /ud5ts ( all d5om9ations40,,booksell]4 8,is a v compact summ>y ( ! ,old ,te/am5t n>rative1 put toge!r s z to expla9 ! connection & be>+ ( its cont5ts1 & writt5 9 a v good tone2 ) a f9al *apt] on ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews betwe5 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,x w be f\nd v useful = its purpose4 ,x does n conf9e itself to m]ely *ronological difficulties1 b comm5ts briefly ^u ! religi\s be>+ ( ! text also40,,gu>dian4 8,! h&book be=e u is s full & satisfactory1 consid]+ its compass1 & sets =? ! hi/ory ( ! old cov5ant ) su* consci5ti\s m9ut5ess1 t x _c fail to prove a gods5d to c&idates = exam9ation 9 ! ,rudim5ta ,religionis z well z 9 ! correspond+ s*ool at ,cambridge4444 ,9 "o ( our dioceses ! ,scripture subjects = diocesan inspection ?is ye> includ$ #8! lives ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1 & ! twelve ,patri>*s1' & tea*]s 7 w>n$ t ! high] classes 9 ! s*ools w\ld be expect$ to ev9ce a k ga!r$ f ! s\rce & n any second>y *annels4 ,b really we h te/$ ! second book ( ?is "w ) an eye to asc]ta9+ :e!r a ma/]y ( x w\ld h s]v$ ! tea*] or pupil's purpose2 & our delib]ate op9ion is t x w\ld1 s c>eful is ! survey1 & s v r>e ! omission ( a s+le po9t t is ( any hi/orical or doctr9al importance4444 ,?r\gh\t 8 "w ! writ] ( ?is #8companion1' #8comm5t>y1' or #8h&book1' exhibits at ! same "t ext5sive rese>* into ! be/ s\rces ( in=mation & enlight5m5t z to ! sacr$ hi/ory1 & an indep5d5t1 ?\gh cauti\s1 judgm5t 9 8 *oice betwe5 conflict+ !ories & explanations40,,engli% ,,*ur*man4 ,,fables ,,respect+ ,,! ,,popes ,,( ,,! ,,middle ,,ages4 ,a ,contribution to ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory4 ,by ,,john ,j4 ,,ign4 ,,von ,d,,ll+]4 ,translat$1 ) ,introduction & ,app5dices1 by ,,alfr$ ,,plumm]1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,sket*es ,,( ,,! ,,rites ,,& ,,cu/oms ,,( ,,! ,,greco-,,russian ,,*ur*4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,,roman(f4 ,) an ,introductory ,notice by ! ,au?or ( 8,! ,heir ( ,r$clyffe40 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,! tw(old object ( ?is "w is #8to pres5t ! ,engli% ) correct descriptions ( ! c]emonies ( ! ,greco-,russian ,*ur*1 & at ! same "t ) pictures ( dome/ic life 9 ,russian homes1 especially ^? ( ! cl]gy & ! middle class ( nobles2' &1 beyond "q1 ! au?or's lab\r has be5 s f> successful t1 :il/ h] ,*ur* sc5es may be comm5d$ z a s]ies ( mo/ dramatic & picturesque tableaux1 h] social sket*es enable u to look at c]ta9 po9ts b5ea? ! surface ( ,russian life1 & mat]ially enl>ge our k ( a c\ntry conc]n+ :i* we h /ill a v great deal to le>n40,,a!n,,um4 8,! volume be=e u is any?+ b a =mal liturgical treatise4 ,x might be m valuable to a few s*ol>s if x 71 b x w\ld c]ta9ly fail to obta9 p]usal at ! h&s ( ! great majority ( ^? :om ! writ]1 n unreasonably1 hopes to attract by ! n>rative /yle %e has adopt$4 ,:at %e has set be=e u is a s]ies ( brief outl9es1 :i*1 by _! simple ef=t to clo! ! in=mation giv5 u 9 a liv+ g>b1 rem9ds u ( a once popul> *ilds' book :i* we rememb] a g5]ation ago1 call$ #8,sket*es ( ,human ,mann]s4'0,,*ur* ,,times4 ,,! ,,argum5t ,,deliv]$ ,,be=e ,,! ,,judicial ,,committee ,,( ,,! ,,privy ,,c\ncil4 ,by ,,ar*ibald ,,john ,,/eph5s1 ,,ll4,d41 "o ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,c\nsel 9 ! case ( ,,?omas ,,by>d ,,%epp>d aga9/ ,,william ,,e>ly ,,b5nett1 ,cl]k4 ,) an ,app5dix conta9+ _! ,lord%ips' ,judgm5t4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,s]mons ,,on ,,c]ta9 ,,( ,,! ,,less ,,prom95t ,,facts ,,& ,,ref]5ces ,,9 ,,sacr$ ,,/ory4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,melvill1 ,b4,d41 late ,canon ( ,/4 ,paul's1 & ,*apla9 9 ,ord9>y to ! ,que54 ,new ,edition4 ,two vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ea*4 8,we are glad to see ?is new edition ( :at we h always consid]$ to be ,melvill's be/ s]mons1 because 9 !m we h 8 be/ ?\ghts4444 ,_m ( ^! s]mons are ! /ronge/ argum5ts yet adduc$ = int]nal evid5ce ( ! v]acity ( ! ,scriptural n>ratives40,,/&>d4 8,_m :o admire elegant phraseology1 & ! o!r n[ r>ely exhibit$ con/itu5ts ( pulpit eloqu5ce1 w be glad to h 9 a conv5i5t %ape a judici\s selection ( ,canon ,melvill's s]mons4 ,mr4 ,melvill 0 "o ( ! few really successful prea*]s ( our day40,,exam9]4 8,! s]mons ( ! lam5t$ ,melvill are too well kn[n to require any comm5dation f u4 ,we h "h all ! p[] ( rhetoric1 & ! grace & beauty ( /yle1 = :i* ! au?or has be5 di/+ui%$1 & :i* h contribut$ to r5d] him a model to prea*]s1 & giv5 him a repres5tative position 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,engli% pulpit40,,weekly ,,review4 8,poli%$1 classical1 & w9n+1 ^! s]mons be> ! m>ks ( lit]>y lab\r4 ,a /udy ( !m w aid ! mod]n prea*] to ref9e & poli% 8 disc\rses1 & to add to ! vig\r :i* is n[ ! fa%ion ! graces ( *a/5$ eloqu5ce & w9n+ rhetoric40,,engli% ,,*ur*man4 ,,selection ,,f ,,! ,,s]mons ,,prea*$ ,,dur+ ,,! ,,latt] ,,ye>s ,,( ,,8 ,,life1 ,,9 ,,! ,,p>i% ,,*ur* ,,( ,,b>nes1 ,,& ,,9 ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,/4 ,,paul',s4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,melvill1 ,b4,d41 late ,canon ( ,/4 ,paul's1 & ,*apla9 9 ,ord9>y to ! ,que54 ,two vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ea*4 8,melvill's *ief *>act]i/ic 0 humility1 t true/ m>k ( real nobility ( s\l & ( g5u9e g5ius2 & 8 sole actuat+ pr9ciple 9 life 0 devotion to dutyduty to ,god & duty to man1 & nev] 7 ! two m beautifully bl5d$ toge!r ?an 9 him4 #8,:ile ! pure tru?s ( ! ,gospel1' obs]ves 8 biograph] 9 ! memoir prefix$ to ^! s]mons1 #8fl[$ s p]suasively f 8 lips1 ! pure _s ( ,*ri/ianity ev] reign$ 9 8 he>t1 & ! pure/ *>ity influ5c$ 8 e ?\ght & e action4'444 ,! /yle ( ,canon ,melvill's s]mons is r ,cic]onian ?an ,demo/h5ic1 r spl5did & measur$ ?an impetu\s & f]vid40,,/&>d4 8,two o!r volumes ( ! late ,canon ,melvill's s]mons conta9 =ty disc\rses prea*$ by him 9 8 lat] ye>s1 & !y are prefac$ by a %ort memoir ( "o ( ! wor?ie/ & mo/ impressive prea*]s ( rec5t times40,,exam9]4 8,^! outl9es conta9 probably ! la/ specim5s ( ! "w ( a great ma/] 9 ! art ( prea*+ ! ,gospel4 ,9 ! s]mons ( ,h5ry ,melvill !re are a c]ta9 dignity & elevation ( /yle & h&l+ :i* belong r to ! pa/ ?an to ! pres5t4444 ,!re are 9 ! s]mons be=e u all ,melvill's wont$ grace ( diction1 /r5g? ( reason+1 & aptness ( illu/ration40,,weekly ,,review4 ,,s]mons4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,melvill1 ,b4,d41 late ,canon ( ,/4 ,paul's1 & ,*apla9 9 ,ord9>y to ! ,que54 ,new ,edition4 ,two vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ea*4 ,sold sep>ately4 8,messrs4 ,riv+ton h publi%$ v opportunely1 at a "t :5 ,*ur*m5 are ?9k+ ) satisfaction ( ! new blood infus$ into ! ,*apt] ( ,/4 ,paul's1 s]mons by ,h5ry ,melvill1 :o 9 8 day 0 z celebrat$ z a prea*] z is ,canon ,liddon n[4 ,! s]mons are n only c\*$ 9 elegant language1 b are replete ) matt] :i* ! y\ng] cl]gy w\ld d well to /udy40,,john ,,bull4 8,h5ry ,melvill's intellect 0 l>ge1 8 imag9ation brilliant1 8 ard\r int5se1 & 8 /yle /rong1 f]vid1 & picturesque4 ,(t5 he seem$ to gl[ ) ! inspiration ( a prophet40,,am]ican ,,qu>t]ly ,,*ur* ,,review4 8,x w\ld be easy to quote portions ( exce$+ beauty & p[]4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 ! *>m ( /yle1 nor weal? ( words1 bo? :i* ,canon ,melvill possess$ 9 s great abundance1 t he reli$ on to w9 s\ls2 b ! p[] & _s ( ,him :o said1 #8,i1 if ,i be lift$ up1 w draw all m5 to ,me4'0,,record4 8,e "o :o c rememb] ! days :5 ,canon ,melvill 0 ! prea*] ( ! day1 w be glad to see ^! f\r-&-tw5ty ( 8 s]mons s nicely reproduc$4 ,8 ,s]mons 7 all ! result ( real /udy & g5u9e read+1 ) f> m !ology 9 !m ?an ^? ( _m :o make mu* m pr(ession ( !ology4 ,!re are s]mons "h :i* we c p]sonally rememb]2 x has be5 a pleasure to u to be rem9d$ ( !m1 & we are glad to see !m br\ght be=e ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,we hope t !y may be /udi$1 = !y des]ve x ?or\ghly40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,few prea*]s h _h m admir]s ?an ! ,rev4 ,h5ry ,melvill1 & ! new edition ( 8 ,s]mons1 9 two volumes1 w d\btless f9d pl5ty ( pur*as]s4 ,! ,s]mons ab\nd 9 ?\ght1 & ! ?\ghts are c\*$ 9 ,engli% :i* is at once elegant 9 con/ruction & easy to read40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,! ,s]mons ( ,canon ,melvill1 n[ republi%$ 9 two h&y volumes1 ne$ only to be m5tion$ to be sure ( a he>ty welcome4 ,s\nd le>n+1 well-weigh$ words1 calm & ke5 logic1 & solemn dev\tness1 m>k ! :ole s]ies ( ma/]ly disc\rses1 :i* embrace "s ( ! *ief doctr9es ( ! ,*ur*1 & set !m =? 9 cle> & ,scriptural /r5g?40,,/&>d4 ,,vita ,,et ,,doctr9a ,,jesu ,,*ri/i2 ,or1 ,m$itations on ! ,life ( our ,"l4 ,by ,,avanc9i4 ,9 ! ,orig9al ,lat94 ,adapt$ to ! use ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& by a ,,cl]gyman4 ,imp]ial #cbmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,book ,,( ,,common ,,pray] ,,( ,,edw>d ,,vi41 & ! ,ord9al ( #aedi1 toge!r ) ! ,ord] ( ! ,communion1 #aedh4 ,repr9t$ entire1 & ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,,h5ry ,,bask]ville ,,walton1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,m]ton ,college4 ,) an ,introduction by ! ,rev4 ,,pet] ,,goldsmi? ,,m$d1 ,m4,a41 ,s5ior ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,univ]sity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,small #hvo4 #fs4 8,a volume l ?is is wor? two ( ,*ur* ,hi/ory4 ,9 _m respects1 inde$1 x is ! subject ( hi/ory itself2 & ) ,mr4 ,m$d's introduction & ,mr4 ,walton's editorial "w we may be said to h bo? subject & hi/ory !re(4 ,! volume %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e memb] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&3 we may say1 x %\ld be 9 ^? ( e /ud5t ( ,*ur* ,hi/ory40,,a!n,,um4 8,we welcome ! seasonable appe>ance ( ?is "w1 :i* inde$ supplies a long-felt want1 = #8! ,fir/ ,book' has be5 hi!rto accessible to v few4444 ,x is especially important at ! pres5t "t t ! pr9ciples ( ! fir/ ,re=m]s %\ld be und]/ood2 & no "o c look ?r\gh ?is edition )\t ga9+ "s def9ite in=mation on t po9t4 ,we comm5d ?is new edition ( ! ,fir/ ,pray] ,book1 ) its introduction to ! /udy ( all t are desir\s ( und]/&+ ! pr9ciples ( ^? :o orig9at$ ! re=m ( our public ,s]vices40,,*ur* ,,news4 8,! m t ,engli% ,*ur*m5 become acqua9t$ ) ! ,re=m$ ,pray] ,book1 z our ,engli% ,div9es re=m$ x1 ap>t f ! m$dl+ ( =eign]si4e41 ! bett] p become acqua9t$ ) #8,edw>d ,,vi4's fir/ book1' ! bett] bo? = !mselves1 & = ! ,engli% ,*ur* at l>ge4 ,we are !re=e delight$ to welcome ?is h&y & h&some repr9t1 ) :i* e pa9s has be5 tak5 to make x z accurate z possible40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,mr4 ,walton des]ves ! v be/ ?anks ( ,anglican ,*ur*m51 = putt+ ?is mo/ important volume )9 _! rea* 9 s conv5i5t & h&some a =m40,,*ur* ,,review4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,c&idates ,,= ,,holy ,,ord]s1 ,& ( ! ,p>o*ial ,cl]gy2 ) ,acts ( ,p>liam5t relat+ to ! same1 & ,=ms propos$ to be us$4 ,by ,,*ri/oph] ,,hodgson1 ,m4,a41 ,secret>y to ! ,gov]nors ( ,que5 ,anne's ,b\nty4 ,n9? ,edition4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,! ,,greek ,,te/am5t4 ,) a ,critically ,revis$ ,text2 a ,dige/ ( ,v>i\s ,read+s2 ,m>g9al ,ref]5ces to ,v]bal & ,idiomatic ,usage2 ,prolegom5a2 & a ,critical & ,exegetical ,comm5t>y4 ,= ! use ( ,!ological ,/ud5ts & ,m9i/]s4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,al=d1 ,d4,d41 late ,dean ( ,cant]bury4 ,new ,edition4 ,f\r ,volumes4 #hvo4 #ajbs4 ,! ,volumes are sold sep>ately z foll[s3 ,vol4 ,i4,! ,f\r ,gospels4 #bhs4 ,vol4 ,,ii4,acts to ,,ii4 ,cor9?ians4 #bds4 ,vol4 ,,iii4,galatians to ,philemon4 #ahs4 ,vol4 ,,iv4,hebrews to ,revelation4 #cbs4 ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,= ,,engli% ,,read]s3 conta9+ ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 ) a revis$ ,engli% ,text2 ,m>g9al ,ref]5ces2 & a ,critical & ,explanatory ,comm5t>y4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,al=d1 ,d4,d41 late ,dean ( ,cant]bury4 ,new ,edition4 ,two volumes1 or f\r p>ts4 #hvo4 #eds4 #f;d4 ,! ,volumes are sold sep>ately1 z foll[s3 ,vol4 #a1 ,"p ,i4,! ,?ree fir/ ,gospels4 #abs4 ,vol4 #a1 ,"p ,,ii4,/4 ,john & ! ,acts4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,vol4 #b1 ,"p ,i4,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul4 #afs4 ,vol4 #b1 ,"p ,,ii4,hebrews to ,revelation4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,curi\s ,,my?s ,,( ,,! ,,middle ,,ages4 ,by ,s4 ,,b>+-,,g\ld1 ,m4,a41 ,au?or ( 8,po/-,m$ival ,prea*]s10 c4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,new ,edition4 ,complete 9 ,"o ,volume4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 8,^! ,essays w be f\nd to h some?+ to satisfy mo/ classes ( read]s2 ! lov]s ( leg5ds prop]1 ! curi\s 9 popul> delusions1 ! initiat$ 9 ,d>w9ian & ,monboddoan !ories2 & if1 9 ! *apt]s on ,tell & ,gell]t1 we are a little /ruck ) ! close foll[+ ( ,das5t's track1 9 8 preface to ! ,norse tales1 x mu/ be own$ t !re are *apt]se4g41 ^? on ! ,div9+ ,rod1 ! ,man 9 ! ,moon1 & ! ,sev5 ,sleep]s:i* pres5t new matt] & des]ve ! praise ( indep5d5t rese>*40,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 8,! au?or1 inde$1 is sometimes fanciful & ov]bold 9 8 conclusions2 b he conducts u ?r\gh m>vell\s waysways :i* he has /udi$ well be=e he und]took to guide o!rs2 & if we d n always acquiesce 9 8 descriptions or argum5ts1 we seldom diff] f him )\t hesitation40,,a!n,,um4 8,we h no space to l+] long] ab\t a book :i*1 ap>t f its didactic pret5sions1 is an exce$+ly amus+ & int]e/+ collection ( old /ories & leg5ds ( ! middle ages40,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 8,t1 on 8 fir/ visit to ! v>i$ field ( m$ival my?ology1 ,mr4 ,b>+-,g\ld %\ld h cull$ z samples ( its ri*ness ! mo/ brilliant ( ! fl[]s t bloom$ 9 x1 is sc>cely to be wond]$ at4 ,b x %[s h[ f]tile is ! soil :5 he is enabl$ to cull f x s goodly a second crop z t :i* he "h pres5ts to u4 ,! my?s treat$ ( 9 ! pres5t volume v>y 9 int]e/!y are all curi\s & well wor? read+40,,notes ,,& ,,qu]ies4 ,,! ,,pope ,,& ,,! ,,c\ncil4 ,by ,,janus4 ,au?oriz$ translation f ! ,g]man4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,a pr(\nd & le>n$ treatise1 evid5tly ! "w ( "o ( ! fir/ !ologians ( ! day1 discuss+ ) ! sci5tific fulness & precision prop] to ,g]man inve/igation1 ! great doctr9al que/ions expect$ to come be=e ! ,c\ncil1 & especially ! propos$ dogma ( ,papal ,infallibility4 ,!re is probably no "w 9 exi/5ce t conta9s at all1 /ill less )9 s n>r[ a compass1 s complete a record ( ! orig9 & gr[? ( ! infallibili/ !ory1 & ( all ! facts ( ,*ur* hi/ory be>+ ^u x1 & t too 9 a =m s cle> & concise z to put ! argum5t )9 ! rea* ( any read] ( ord9>y intellig5ce1 :ile ! scrupul\s accuracy ( ! writ]1 & 8 con/ant ref]5ce to ! orig9al au?orities = e /atem5t liable to be disput$1 makes ! monograph z a :ole a p]fect /oreh\se ( valuable in=mation = ! hi/orical or !ological /ud5t40,,saturday ,,review4 8,beg9n+ ) a sket* ( ! errors & contradictions ( ! ,popes1 & ( ! position :i*1 z a matt] ( hi/ory1 !y held 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*1 ! book proce$s to describe ! ?ree great =g]ies by :i* ! ,papal claims 7 upheld! ,isidorian decretals1 ! donation ( ,con/ant9e1 & ! decretum ( ,gratian4 ,! la/ subject ought to be c>efully /udi$ by all :o wi% to und]/& ! frightful tyranny ( a complicat$ sy/em ( laws1 devis$ n = ! protection ( a p1 b z in/rum5ts = gr9d+ !m to subjection4 ,!n1 aft] an hi/orical outl9e ( ! g5]al gr[? ( ! ,papal p[] 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 ! writ]s ent] ^u ! peculi>ly episcopal & cl]ical "q1 po9t+ out h[ m>vell\sly e little *ange work$ 9 "o direction1 inv>iably t5d+ to ?r[ ! rule ( ! ,*ur* into ! p[] ( ,rome2 & h[ ! gr[? ( new in/itutions1 l ! mona/ic ord]s & ! ,inquisition1 gradually )drew ! conduct ( affairs f ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,*ur* 9 g5]al1 & consolidat$ ! ,papal influ5ce4 ,= all ?is1 h[ev]1 unless we c\ld satisfy ourselves ) a m]e magnifi$ table ( cont5ts ! read] mu/ be ref]r$ to ! book itself1 9 :i* he w f9d ! int]e/ su/a9$ )\t flagg+ to ! end40,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 8,9 ,france1 9 ,holl&1 & 9 ,g]many1 !re has already appe>$ a multitude ( disquisitions on ?is subject4 ,among ^! sev]al are ! ackn[l$g$ compositions ( m5 ( high /&+ 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic _w1m5 admitt$ly entitl$ to speak ) ! au?ority t mu/ atta* to e/abli%$ reputation3 b n "o ( !m has hi!rto produc$ a "w m likely to create a deep impression ?an ! anonym\s ,g]man publication at ! head ( ?is notice4 ,x is n a piece ( m]ely polemical writ+1 x is a treatise deal+ ) a l>ge subject 9 an impressive ?\gh p>tisan mann]1 a treatise grave 9 tone1 solid 9 matt]1 & bri/l+ ) =cible & novel illu/rations40,,spectator4 8,rum\r w1 no d\bt1 be busy ) its conjectures z to ! "n :i* lurks b5ea? ! nom de plume ( #8,janus4' ,we d n int5d to (f] any contribution t[>ds ! elucidation ( ! my/]y unless x be a contribution to say t ! book be>s int]nal evid5ce ( be+ ! "w ( a ,ca?olic1 & t !re are n _m ,ca?olics 9 ,europe :o c\ld h writt5 x4 ,tak+ x all 9 all1 x is no exagg]at$ praise to *>act]ise x z ! mo/ damag+ assault on ,ultra-montanism t has appe>$ 9 mod]n times4 ,its le>n+ is copi\s & complete1 yet s admirably arrang$ t x inv>iably illu/rates )\t ov]lay+ ! argum5t4 ,! /yle is cle> & simple1 & !re is no attempt at rhetoric4 ,x is a piece ( cool & ma/]ly dissection1 all ! m t]rible = ! passionless mann] 9 :i* ! au?or conducts ! op]ation40,,times4 ,,lett]s ,,f ,,rome ,,on ,,! ,,c\ncil4 ,by ,,quir9us4 ,repr9t$ f ! 8,allgeme9e ,zeitung40 ,au?oriz$ ,translation4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abs4 ,,female ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,holy ,,scripture4 ,9 a ,s]ies ( ,s]mons4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,isaac ,,williams1 ,b4,d41 =m]ly ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,! ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t4 ,9 a ,s]ies ( ,s]mons4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,isaac ,,williams1 ,b4,d41 =m]ly ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo41 #es4 8,?is is "o ( ! few volumes ( publi%$ s]mons t we h be5 able to read ) real pleasure4 ,!y are writt5 ) a *a/5$ elegance ( language1 & p]vad$ by a _s ( e>ne/ & simple piety4 ,mr4 ,williams is evid5tly :at w\ld be call$ a v ,high ,*ur*man4 ,occasionally 8 peculi> ,*ur* views are app>5t2 b bat+ a few passages "h & !re1 ^! s]mons w be read ) pr(it by all #8:o pr(ess & call !mselves ,*ri/ians4'0,,contempor>y ,,review4 8,?is is a new edition ( a v popul>& des]v$ly popul>"w on ! biography ( ! ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory4 ,! *>act]s are ably & pr(itably analys$1 & t by ! h& ( a ma/] ( /yle & ?\ght4444 ,! pr9ciple ( selection has be5 t ( prom95ce2 & p>tly1 too1 t ( significance 9 ! *>act]s s ably del9eat$4 ,a m ma/]ly analysis ( ,scriptural *>act]s we nev] read1 nor any :i* are m calculat$ to impress ! m9d ( ! read] ) feel+s ( love = :at is good1 & abhorr5ce = :at is evil40,,rock4 ,,! ,,hill=d ,,confirmation3 ,a ,,tale4 ,by ,m4 ,c4 ,,phillpotts4 #ahmo4 #as4 ,,apo/olical ,,succession ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,engl&4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,ar?ur ,w4 ,,haddan1 ,b4,d41 ,rector ( ,b>ton-on-!-,hea?1 & late ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d4 #hvo4 #abs4 8,mr4 ,haddan's e/imate ( ! be>+ ( 8 subject1 & ( its special importance at ! pres5t juncture is *>act]i/ic1 & w well repay att5tion4444 ,mr4 ,haddan is /rictly argum5tative ?r\gh\t4 ,he ab/a9s ) "s /rictness f ev]y?+ :i* w\ld div]t ei!r 8 read] or himself f accurate inve/igation ( 8 reason+4 ,b 8 volume is ?or\ghly well writt51 cle> & =cible 9 /yle1 & fair 9 tone4 ,x _c b r5d] valuable s]vice 9 plac+ ! claims ( ! ,*ur* 9 _! true light be=e ! ,engli% public40,,gu>dian4 8,among ! _m /&>d !ological works devot$ to ?is important subject ,mr4 ,haddan's w hold a high place40,,/&>d4 8,we %\ld be glad to see ! volume widely circulat$ & g5]ally read40,,john ,,bull4 8,a weighty & valuable treatise1 & we hope t ! /udy ( its s\nd & well-reason$ pages w d mu* to fix ! importance1 & ! full mean+ ( ! doctr9e 9 "q1 9 ! m9ds ( ,*ur* p4444 ,we hope t our extracts w lead our read]s to /udy ,mr4 ,haddan = !mselves40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,?is is n only a v able & c>efully writt5 treatise ^u ! doctr9e ( ,apo/olical ,succession1 b x is also a calm yet noble v9dication ( ! validity ( ! ,anglican ,ord]s3 x well su/a9s ! brilliant reputation :i* ,mr4 ,haddan left beh9d him at ,ox=d1 & x supplem5ts 8 o!r pr(\nd hi/orical rese>*es 9 ecclesia/ical matt]s4 ,?is book w rema9 = a long "t ! classic "w ^u ,engli% ,ord]s40,,*ur* ,,review4 8,a v temp]ate1 b a v well reason$ book40,,we/m9/] ,,review4 8,mr4 ,haddan ably su/a9s 8 reputation ?r\gh\t ! "w4 ,8 /yle is cle>1 8 inf]5ces are reasonable1 & ! publication is especially well-tim$ 9 prospect ( ! com+ cum5ical ,c\ncil40,,cambridge ,,univ]sity ,,gazette4 ,a ,,manual ,,= ,,! ,,sick2 ) o!r ,devotions4 ,by ,,lancelot ,,&rewes1 ,d4,d41 sometime ,"l ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]4 ,edit$ ) a ,preface by ,h4 ,p4 ,,liddon1 ,m4,a4 ,l>ge type4 ,) ,portrait4 #bdmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,help ,,& ,,com=t ,,= ,,! ,,sick ,,poor4 ,by ! ,au?or ( 8,sickness2 its ,trials & ,bless+s40 ,new ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #as4 ,a ,,devotional ,,comm5t>y ,,on ,,! ,,gospel ,,n>rative4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,isaac ,,williams1 ,b4,d41 =m]ly ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,a ,new & uni=m ,edition4 ,9 ,eight volumes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ea*4 ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,gospels4 ,*>act]i/ic ,diff]5ces 9 ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,our ,"l's ,manife/ations ( ,himself4 ,! ,rule ( ,scriptural ,int]pretation furni%$ by our ,"l4 ,analogies ( ! ,gospel4 ,m5tion ( ,angels 9 ! ,gospels4 ,places ( our ,"l's ,abode & ,m9i/ry4 ,our ,"l's ,mode ( ,deal+ ) ,8 ,apo/les4 ,conclusion4 ,a ,,h>mony ,,( ,,! ,,f\r ,,evangeli/s4 ,our ,"l's ,nativity4 ,our ,"l's ,m9i/ry,second ,ye>4 ,our ,"l's ,m9i/ry,?ird ,ye>4 ,! ,holy ,week4 ,our ,"l's ,passion4 ,our ,"l's ,resurrection4 ,,our ,,"l',s ,,nativity4 ,! ,bir? at ,be?lehem4 ,! ,baptism 9 ,jordan4 ,! ,fir/ ,passov]4 ,,our ,,"l',s ,,m9i/ry4 ,,second ,,ye>4 ,! ,second ,passov]4 ,*ri/ ) ! ,twelve4 ,! ,twelve s5t =?4 ,,our ,,"l',s ,,m9i/ry4 ,,?ird ,,ye>4 ,tea*+ 9 ,galilee4 ,tea*+ at ,j]usalem4 ,la/ ,j\rney f ,galilee to ,j]usalem4 ,,! ,,holy ,,week4 ,! ,approa* to ,j]usalem4 ,! ,tea*+ 9 ! ,temple4 ,! ,disc\rse on ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4 ,! ,la/ ,supp]4 ,,our ,,"l',s ,,passion4 ,! ,h\r ( ,d>kness4 ,! ,agony4 ,! ,appreh5sion4 ,! ,condemnation4 ,! ,day ( ,sorr[s4 ,! ,hall ( ,judgm5t4 ,! ,crucifixion4 ,! ,sepulture4 ,,our ,,"l',s ,,resurrection4 ,! ,day ( ,days4 ,! ,grave ,visit$4 ,*ri/ ,appe>+4 ,! ,go+ to ,emmaus4 ,! ,=ty ,days4 ,! ,apo/les ,assembl$4 ,! ,lake 9 ,galilee4 ,! ,m\nta9 9 ,galilee4 ,! ,return f ,galilee4 8,!re is n a bett] companion to be f\nd = ! season ?an ! beautiful #8,devotional ,comm5t>y on ! ,gospel ,n>rative1' by ! ,rev4 ,isaac ,williams4444 ,a ri* m9e = devotional & !ological /udy40,,gu>dian4 8,s inf9ite are ! dep?s & s innum]able ! beauties ( ,scripture1 & m p>ticul>ly ( ! ,gospels1 t !re is "s difficulty 9 describ+ ! manifold excell5ces ( ,williams' exquisite ,comm5t>y4 ,d]iv+ its pr(\nd appreciation ( ,scripture f ! writ+s ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs1 x is only :at e /ud5t kn[s mu/ be true to say t x extracts a :ole weal? ( mean+ f ea* s5t5ce1 ea* app>5tly fa9t allusion1 ea* ^w 9 ! text40,,*ur* ,,review4 8,/&s absolutely alone to our ,engli% lit]ature2 !re is1 we %\ld say1 no *ance ( be+ sup]s$$ by any bett] book ( its k9d2 & its m]its are ( ! v highe/ ord]40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,x w\ld be difficult to select a m useful pres5t1 at a small co/1 ?an ?is s]ies w\ld be to a "y man on 8 fir/ ent]+ into ,holy ,ord]s1 & _m1 no d\bt1 w avail !mselves ( ! republication ( ^! useful volumes = ?is purpose4 ,!re is an abundance ( s]mon mat]ial to be drawn f any "o ( !m40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,?is is1 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w1 a #8,devotional ,comm5t>y' on ! ,gospel n>rative1 op5+ out ev]y:]e1 z x does1 ! spiritual beauties & bless$ness ( ! ,div9e message2 b x is some?+ m ?an ?is1 x meets difficulties almo/ by anticipation1 & ?r[s ! light ( le>n+ ov] "s ( ! v d>ke/ passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t40,,rock4 8,! au?or has skilfully comp>$ & bl5d$ ! n>ratives ( ! diff]5t ,gospels1 s z to give a synoptical view ( ! hi/ory2 & ?\gh ! comm5t>y is call$ #8devotional1' x is s*ol>ly & sugge/ive 9 o!r respects4 ,! size ( ! "w1 ext5d+1 z x does1 ov] eight volumes1 may det] pur*as]s & read]s2 b ea* volume is complete 9 itself1 & we recomm5d /ud5ts to ta/e a sample ( ! au?or's quality4 ,"s ?+s !y may "q2 b ! volumes are really a helpful & valuable addition to our /ores40,,freeman4 8,! high & solemn v]ities ( ! ,savi\r's suff]+s & dea? are treat$ ) great rev]5ce & ability4 ,! ?or\gh dev\tness :i* p]vades ! book comm5ds x to our he>t4 ,!re is mu* to in/ruct & help ! believ] 9 ! ,*ri/ian life1 no matt] to :at section ( ! ,*ur* he may belong40,,wat*man4 ,,keys ,,to ,,*ri/ian ,,k4 ,a ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,k ,,& ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,bible4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,blunt1 ,m4,a4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,ano!r ( ,mr4 ,blunt's useful & workmanlike compilations1 :i* w be mo/ acceptable z a h\sehold book1 or 9 s*ools & colleges4 ,x is a capital book too = s*oolma/]s & pupil tea*]s40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,z a popul> h&book1 sett+ =? a selection ( facts ( :i* ev]ybody ought to be cognizant1 & z an exposition ( ! claims ( ! ,bible to be receiv$ z ( sup]human orig91 ,mr4 ,blunt's #8,key' w be useful40,,*ur*man4 8,a great deal ( useful in=mation is compris$ 9 ^! pages1 & ! book w no d\bt be ext5sively circulat$ 9 ,*ur* families40,,cl]ical ,,j\rnal4 8,we h mu* pleasure 9 recomm5d+ a capital h&book by ! le>n$ editor ( #8,! ,annotat$ ,book ( ,common ,pray]4'0,,*ur* ,,times4 8,m]its comm5dation = ! lucid & ord]ly arrangem5t 9 :i* x pres5ts a consid]able am\nt ( valuable & int]e/+ matt]40,,record4 ,a ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,k ,,& ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,common ,,pray]4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,blunt1 ,m4,a4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,a v valuable & practical manual1 full ( in=mation1 :i* is admirably calculat$ to in/ruct & int]e/ ^? = :om x 0 evid5tly specially int5d$! laity ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,x des]ves high comm5dation40,,*ur*man4 8,a ?or\ghly s\nd & valuable manual40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,to u x appe>s t ,mr4 ,blunt has succe$$ v well4 ,all necess>y in=mation seems to be includ$1 & ! arrangem5t is excell5t40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,x is ! be/ %ort explanation ( our (fices t we "k (1 & w\ld be invaluable = ! use ( c&idates = confirmation 9 ! high] classes40,,john ,,bull4 ,a ,,key ,,to ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e ,,& ,,practice ,,f\nd$ ,,on ,,! ,,*ur* ,,cate*ism4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,john ,,h5ry ,,blunt1 ,m4,a4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,( *eap & reliable text-books ( ?is nature !re has hi!rto be5 a great want4 ,we are (t5 ask$ to recomm5d books = use 9 ,*ur* ,sunday-s*ools1 & we !re=e take ?is opportunity ( say+ t we "k ( none m likely to be ( s]vice bo? to tea*]s & s*ol>s ?an ^! #8,keys4'0,,*ur*man',s ,,%ill+ ,,magaz9e4 8,?is is ano!r ( ,mr4 ,blunt's mo/ useful manuals1 ) all ! precision ( a s*ool book1 yet div]g+ into matt]s ( practical application s freely z to make x mo/ s]viceable1 ei!r z a tea*]'s sugge/ion book1 or z an intellig5t pupil's read+ book40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,w be v useful = ! high] classes 9 ,sunday-s*ools1 or r = ! full] in/ruction ( ! ,sunday-s*ool tea*]s !mselves1 :]e ! p>i% prie/ is wise en\gh to devote a c]ta9 "t regul>ly to _! prep>ation = _! volunt>y task40,,union ,,review4 8,ano!r ( ! _m useful books on !ological & ,scriptural subjects :i* h be5 writt5 by ! ,rev4 ,john ,h5ry ,blunt4 ,! pres5t is entitl$ #8,a ,key to ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e & ,practice1 f\nd$ on ! ,*ur* ,cate*ism1' & w take its place z an elem5t>y text-book ^u ! ,cre$ 9 our s*ools & colleges4 ,! ,*ur* ,cate*ism is cle>ly & fully expla9$ by ! au?or 9 ?is #8,key'4 ,num]\s ref]5ces1 ,scriptural & o!rwise1 are scatt]$ ab\t ! book40,,public ,,op9ion4 ,a ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,*ur* ,,hi/ory4 7,anci5t47 ,edit$ by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,blunt1 ,m4,a4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,x (f]s a %ort & cond5s$ acc\nt ( ! orig91 gr[?1 & condition ( ! ,*ur* 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 f ,a4,d4 #a d[n to ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,mr4 ,blunt's fir/ object has be5 concis5ess1 & ?is has be5 admirably c>ri$ out1 & to /ud5ts ( ,*ur* hi/ory ?is feature w readily recomm5d itself4 ,z an elem5t>y "w #8,a ,key' w be specially valuable1 inasmu* z x po9ts out c]ta9 def9ite l9es ( ?\ght1 by :i* ^? :o enjoy ! opportunity may be guid$ 9 read+ ! /atem5ts ( m elaborate hi/ories4 ,at ! same "t x is b fair to ,mr4 ,blunt to rem>k t1 = g5]al read]s1 ! little volume conta9s ev]y?+ t c\ld be consi/5tly expect$ 9 a volume ( its "*4 ,!re are _m notes1 !ological1 scriptural1 & hi/orical1 & ! #8get up' ( ! book is specially comm5dable4 ,z a text-book = ! high] =ms ( s*ools ! "w w be acceptable to num]\s tea*]s40,,public ,,op9ion4 8,x conta9s "s concise notes on ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 compress$ into a small compass1 & we ?9k x is likely to be useful z a book ( ref]5ce40,,john ,,bull4 8,a v t]se & reliable collection ( ! ma9 facts & incid5ts connect$ ) ,*ur* ,hi/ory40,,rock4 8,x w be excell5t1 ei!r = s*ool or home use1 ei!r z a read+ or z a ref]5ce book1 on all ! ma9 facts & names & controv]sies ( ! fir/ fifte5 c5turies4 ,x is bo? well arrang$ & well writt540,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 ,a ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,*ur* ,,hi/ory 7,mod]n74 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,,john ,,h5ry ,,blunt1 ,m4,a4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,n>rative ,,( ,,! ,,f\r ,,gospels4 ,by ,,john ,,pilk+ton ,,norris1 ,m4,a41 ,canon ( ,bri/ol1 =m]ly "o ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,inspectors ( ,s*ools4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,?is is v mu* ! be/ book ( its k9d we h se54 ,! only fault is its %ortness1 :i* prev5ts its go+ into ! details :i* w\ld support & illu/rate its /atem5ts1 & :i* 9 ! process ( illu/rat+ !m w\ld fix !m ^u ! m9ds & memories ( its read]s4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a great improvem5t ^u any book ( its k9d we "k4 ,x be>s all ! m>ks ( be+ ! cond5s$ "w ( a real s*ol>1 & ( a div9e too4 ,! bulk ( ! book is tak5 up ) a #8,life ( ,*ri/' compil$ f ! ,f\r ,gospels s z to exhibit its /eps & /ages & sali5t po9ts4 ,! re/ ( ! book consi/s ( indep5d5t *apt]s on special po9ts40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,?is book is no ord9>y comp5dium1 no m]e #8cram-book'2 /ill less is x an ord9>y read+ book = s*ools2 b ! s*oolma/]1 ! ,sunday-s*ool tea*] & ! seek] aft] a compreh5sive k ( ,div9e tru? w f9d x wor?y ( its "n4 ,canon ,norris writes simply1 rev]5tly1 )\t great display ( le>n+1 giv+ ! result ( mu* c>eful /udy 9 a %ort compass1 & adorn+ ! subject by ! t5d]ness & hone/y ) :i* he treats x4444 ,we hope t ?is little book w h a v wide circulation & t x w be /udi$2 & we c promise t ^? :o take x up w n readily put x d[n aga940,,record4 8,?is is a gold5 little volume4 ,hav+ (t5 to criticise unsp>+ly volumes publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,riv+ton1 & be>+ ! deep ,high ,*ur* br&1 x is ! great] satisfaction to be able to comm5d ?is book s emphatically4 ,its design is exce$+ly mode/4 ,canon ,norris writes prim>ily to help #8y\ng] /ud5ts' 9 /udy+ ! ,gospels4 ,b ?is unpret5d+ volume is "o :i* all /ud5ts may /udy ) advantage4 ,x is an admirable manual = ^? :o take ,bible ,classes ?r\gh ! ,gospels4 ,closely sift$ 9 /yle1 s t all is cle> & weighty2 full ( uno/5tati\s le>n+1 & pregnant ) sugge/ion2 deeply rev]5t 9 _s1 & altoge!r ,evangelical 9 _s2 ,canon ,norris' book supplies a real want1 & ought to be welcom$ by all e>ne/ & dev\t /ud5ts ( ! ,holy ,gospels40,,london ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 ,a ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,acts ,,( ,,! ,,apo/les4 ,by ,,john ,,pilk+ton ,,norris1 ,m4,a4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,x is a rem>kably well-writt5 & int]e/+ acc\nt ( its subject1 #8,! ,book ( ! ,acts1' giv+ u ! n>rative ( ,/4 ,luke ) exactly :at we want 9 ! way ( connect+ l9ks & illu/rations4 ,"o mo/ notable & praisewor?y *>act]i/ic ( ! book is its c&\r4444 ,! book is "o :i* we c he>tily recomm5d40,,spectator4 8,( ,canon ,norris's #8,key to ! ,n>rative ( ! ,f\r ,gospels1' we wrote 9 high approval n _m mon?s ago4 ,! pres5t is n less c>efully prep>$1 & is full ( ! uno/5tati\s results ( s\nd le>n+ & pati5t ?\ght40,,london ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 8,?is little volume is "o ( a s]ies ( #8,keys' ( a m or less educational "*1 :i* are 9 ! c\rse ( publication by ,messrs4 ,riv+ton4 ,x gives app>5tly a v fair & tol]ably exhau/ive rsum ( ! contexts ( ! ,acts1 ) :i* x deals1 n *apt] by *apt]1 b consecutively 9 ! ord] ( ?\ght40,,s*ool ,,bo>d ,,*ronicle4 8,few books h ev] giv5 u m unmix$ pleasure ?an ?is4 ,x is faultlessly writt51 s t x reads z pleasantly & entic+ly z if x _h n ! lea/ int5tion ( be+ an #8educational' book4 ,x is complete & exhau/ive1 s f> z ! n>rative & all its be>+s g1 s t /ud5ts may feel t !y ne$ n be hunt+ up o!r books to supply ! lacun4 ,x is ! "w ( a classical s*ol>1 & x leaves no?+ want+ 9 ! way ( classical illu/rations1 :i* 9 ! case ( ! ,acts are ( special importance4 ,&1 la/ly1 x is !ologically s\nd40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,?is is a sequel to ,canon ,norris's #8,key to ! ,gospels1' :i* 0 publi%$ two ye>s ago1 & :i* has become a g5]al fav\rite ) ^? :o wi% to grasp ! lead+ features ( ! life & ^w ( ,*ri/4 ,! sket* ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les is done 9 ! same /yle2 !re is ! same rev]5t _s & quiet en?usiasm runn+ ?r\gh x1 & ! same in/9ct = seiz+ ! lead+ po9ts 9 ! n>rative40,,record4 ,o!r ,volumes are 9 prep>ation4 ,,riv+ton',s ,,devotional ,,s]ies4 ,elegantly pr9t$ ) r$ bord]s4 #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,?omas ,,kempis1 ,,( ,,! ,,imitation ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,also a ,*eap ,edition1 )\t ! r$ bord]s1 #as41 or 9 ,cov]1 #f;d4 8,a v beautiful edition4 ,we comm5d x to ! ,cl]gy z an excell5t gift-book = tea*]s & o!r work]s40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,?is "w is a preci\s relic ( m$ival times1 & w cont9ue to be valu$ by e section ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*40,,weekly ,,review4 8,a beautifully pr9t$ pocket edition ( ?is m>vell\s production ( a man1 :o1 out ( ! d>k mi/s ( pop]y1 saw s mu* ( exp]im5tal religion4 ,^? :o are well gr\nd$ 9 evangelical tru? may use x ) pr(it40,,record4 8,a v *eap & h&some edition40,,rock4 ,?is new edition is a m>vel ( *eapness40,,*ur* ,,review4 8,beautifully pr9t$1 & v *eap editions ( ?is long-us$ h&-book ( devotion40,,lit]>y ,,_w4 ,,! ,,rule ,,& ,,ex]cises ,,( ,,holy ,,liv+4 ,by ,,j]emy ,,taylor1 ,d4,d41 ,bi%op ( ,d[n & ,connor1 & ,dromore4 ,also a ,*eap ,edition1 )\t ! r$ bord]s1 #as4 ,,! ,,rule ,,& ,,ex]cises ,,( ,,holy ,,dy+4 ,by ,,j]emy ,,taylor1 ,d4,d41 ,bi%op ( ,d[n & ,connor1 & ,dromore4 ,also a ,*eap ,edition1 )\t ! r$ bord]s1 #as4 ,! #8,,holy ,,liv+' & ! #8,,holy ,,dy+' may be _h b\nd toge!r 9 ,"o ,volume1 #es42 or )\t ! r$ bord]s1 #bs4 #f;d4 8,an extremely well-pr9t$ & well got up edition1 z pretty & graceful z possible1 & yet n too f9e = real use4 ,we wi% ! devotions ( ?is beautiful book 7 m commonly us$40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,we mu/ admit t !re is a want ( helps to spiritual life among/ u4 ,our age is s secul>1 & 9 religi\s movem5ts s bu/l+1 t x is to be fe>$ ! inn] life is too (t5 =gott54 ,our public tea*]s may1 we are sure1 ga9 by consult+ books :i* %[ h[ cont5t$ness & self-r5unciation may be increas$2 & 9 :i* ! pa?ology ( all human affections is treat$ ) a fulness n common 9 our !ological class rooms40,,freeman4 8,! publi%]s h done good s]vice by ! production ( ^! beautiful editions ( works1 :i* w nev] lose _! preci\sness to dev\t ,*ri/ian spirits4 ,x is n necess>y = u to say a ^w z to _! intr9sic m]its2 we h only to te/ify to ! good ta/e1 judgm5t1 & c>e %[n 9 ^! editions4 ,!y are extremely beautiful 9 typography & 9 ! g5]al gett+ up40,,engli% ,,indep5d5t4 8,we ought n to conclude our notice ( rec5t devotional books1 )\t m5tion+ to our read]s ! above new1 elegant1 & *eap repr9t1 :i* we tru/ w nev] be out ( date or out ( fav\r 9 ! ,engli% bran* ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,^! manuals ( piety writt5 by ! p5 ( ! mo/ beautiful writ] & ! mo/ impressive div9e ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 ne$ no comm5dation f u4 ,!y are kn[n to ! _w1 read 9 all l&s1 & translat$1 we h he>d1 into fifty diff]5t languages4 ,= two c5turies !y h f$ ! fai? ( ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s ( s\ls1 n[ we tru/ happy ) _! ,god1 & p]haps m$itat+ 9 ,heav5 ) gratitude on _! cele/ial tru?s1 k9dl$ 9 _! s\ls by a writ] :o 0 little %ort ( be+ inspir$40,,rock4 8,^! little volumes w be appreciat$ z pres5ts ( ine/imable value40,,public ,,op9ion4 8,ei!r sep>ate or b\nd toge!r1 may be _h ^! two /&>d works ( ! great div9e4 ,a good edition v ta/efully pr9t$ & b\nd40,,record4 ,a ,,%ort ,,& ,,pla9 ,,in/ruction ,,= ,,! ,,bett] ,,und]/&+ ,,( ,,! ,,"l',s ,,supp]2 to :i* is annex$ ! ,(fice ( ! ,holy ,communion1 ) prop] ,helps & ,directions4 ,by ,,?omas ,,wilson1 ,d4,d41 late ,"l ,bi%op ( ,sodor & ,man4 ,complete ,edition1 9 l>ge type4 ,also a ,*eap ,edition1 )\t ! r$ bord]s1 #as41 or 9 ,cov]1 #f;d4 8,! ,messrs4 ,riv+ton h publi%$ a new & unabridg$ edition ( t des]v$ly popul> "w1 ,bi%op ,wilson on ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,! edition is "h pres5t$ 9 ?ree =ms1 suit$ to ! v>i\s memb]s ( ! h\sehold40,,public ,,op9ion4 8,we _c )hold ! expression ( our admiration ( ! /yle & elegance 9 :i* ?is "w is got up40,,press ,,& ,,/4 ,,james' ,,*ronicle4 8,a dep>t$ au?or be+ dead yet speake? 9 a way :i* w nev] be out ( date2 ,bi%op ,wilson on ! ,"l's ,supp]1 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,riv+ton1 9 b9d+s to suit all ta/es & pockets40,,*ur* ,,review4 8,we may "h fitly record t ,bi%op ,wilson on ! ,"l's ,supp] has be5 issu$ 9 a new b unabridg$ =m40,,daily ,,telegraph4 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,dev\t ,,life4 ,f ! ,fr5* ( ,,sa9t ,,francis ( ,sales1 ,bi%op & ,pr9ce ( ,g5eva4 ,a ,new ,translation4 8,a v beautiful edition ( ,s4 ,francis de ,sales' #8,dev\t ,life3' a pretti] little edition = b9d+1 type1 & pap]1 ( a v great book is n (t5 se540,,*ur* ,,review4 8,! translation is a good "o1 & ! volume is beautifully got up4 ,x w\ld s]ve admirably z a gift book to ^? :o are able to appreciate s spiritual a writ] z ,/4 ,francis40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,x has be5 ! food & hope ( c\ntless s\ls ev] s9ce its fir/ appe>ance two c5turies & a half ago1 & x /ill ranks ) ,scupoli's #8,combattim5to ,spirituale1' & ,arvis5et's #8,memoriale ,vit ,sac]dotalis1' z among ! v be/ works ( ascetic !ology4 ,we are glad to comm5d ?is c>eful & conv5i5t v]sion to our read]s40,,union ,,review4 8,we %\ld be curi\s to "k by h[ _m diff]5t h&s #8,! ,dev\t ,life' ( ,s4 ,francis de ,sales _h be5 translat$ into ,engli%4 ,at any rate1 its popul>ity is s great t ,messrs4 ,riv+ton h j issu$ ano!r translation ( x4 ,! /yle is good1 & ! volume is ( a mo/ conv5i5t size40,,john ,,bull4 8,to read]s ( religi\s treatises1 ?is volume w be highly valu$4 ,! #8,introduction to ! ,dev\t ,life' is prec$$ by a sket* ( ! life ( ! au?or1 & a d$icatory pray] ( ! au?or is also giv540,,public ,,op9ion4 ,a ,,practical ,,treatise ,,conc]n+ ,,evil ,,?\ghts3 :]e9 _! ,nature1 ,orig91 & ,effect are di/9ctly consid]$ & expla9$1 ) _m ,useful ,rules = re/ra9+ & suppress+ su* ,?\ghts2 suit$ to ! v>i\s conditions ( ,life1 & ! sev]al temp]s ( ,mank9d1 m especially ( melan*oly ,p]sons4 ,by ,,william ,,*ilcot1 ,m4,a4 8,an elegant edition ( an old devotional manual by a cl]gyman :o 0 a rector 9 ,exet] at ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,x seems to conta9 a great deal ( valuable tru? z to ! s\rces ( evil ?\ghts & ! mode 9 :i* !y may be express$40,,engli% ,,indep5d5t4 8,! book is wor?y ( a c>eful p]usal1 & is "o :i* once kn[n is likely to be recurr$ to aga9 & aga91 a *>act]i/ic n always to be met )9 works ( our own day40,,record4 8,messrs4 ,riv+ton h done all t publi%]s c\ld d to give /r5g!n+ matt] a *e]ful =m40,,*ur* ,,review4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,poems ,,( ,,george ,,h]b]t1 toge!r ) 8 ,collection ( ,prov]bs1 entitl$ ,,jacula ,,prud5tum4 8,?is beautiful little volume w be f\nd specially conv5i5t z a pocket manual4 ,! #8,jacula ,prud5tum' or prov]bs1 des]ve to be m widely kn[n ?an !y are at pres5t4 ,9 _m copies ( ,george ,h]b]t's writ+s ^! qua9t say+s h be5 un=tunately omitt$40,,rock4 8,george ,h]b]t is too mu* a h\sehold "n to require any introduction4 ,x w be suffici5t to say t ,messrs4 ,riv+ton h publi%$ a mo/ compact & conv5i5t edition ( ! poems & prov]bs ( ?is illu/ri\s ,engli% div9e40,,engli% ,,*ur*man4 8,an exce$+ly pretty edition1 ! mo/ attractive =m we h yet se5 f ?is delightful au?or1 z a gift-book40,,union ,,review4 8,a v beautiful edition ( ! qua9t old ,engli% b>d4 ,all lov]s ( ! #8,holy' ,h]b]t w be grateful to ,messrs4 ,riv+ton = ! c>e & pa9s !y h be/[$ 9 supply+ !m ) ?is & )al conv5i5t copy ( poems s well kn[n & s des]v$ly priz$40,,london ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 8,a v ta/eful little book1 & w d\btless be acceptable to _m40,,record4 8,we comm5d ?is little book he>tily to our read]s4 ,x conta9s ,h]b]t's ,engli% poems & ! #8,jacula ,prud5tum1' 9 a v neat volume :i* does mu* cr$it to ! publi%]s2 x w1 we hope1 meet ) ext5sive circulation z a *oice gift-book at a mod]ate price40,,*ri/ian ,,obs]v]4 ,,new ,,!ological ,,diction>y4 ,,diction>y ,,( ,,doctr9al ,,& ,,hi/orical ,,!ology4 ,by v>i\s writ]s4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,,john ,,h5ry ,,blunt1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,editor ( ! ,annotat$ ,book ( ,common ,pray]4 ,second ,edition4 ,complete 9 "o volume ( #hcc pages1 imp]ial #hvo 7equal to six #hvo volumes ( #djj pages ea*71 & pr9t$ 9 l>ge readable type1 #dbs4 or half-b\nd 9 morocco1 #ebs4 #f;d4 #a4 ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,"w4 ,?is ,diction>y consi/s ( a s]ies ( orig9al ,essays 7alphabetically arrang$1 & #ege 9 numb]7 on all ! pr9cipal subjects connect$ ) ! ,doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,"s idea ( ! subjects1 & ( ! l5g? ( ! articles1 may be =m$ f ! foll[+ titles ( ^? :i* occupy ! "w f page #gjj to page #gbj4 ,,sign4 ,,sp9ozism4 ,,suffragan4 ,,simony4 ,,_s4 ,,sunday4 ,,s94 ,,_s1 ,,! ,,holy4 ,,sup]]ogation4 ,,s9aitic ,,codex4 ,,sponsors4 ,,sup]natural4 ,,soc9ianism4 ,,subdeacons4 ,,sup]/ition4 ,,solifidianism4 ,,sublaps>ianism4 ,,supralaps>ianism4 ,,s\l4 ,,sub/ance4 ,,supremacy1 ,,papal4 #b4 ,,object ,,( ,,! ,,"w4 ,! writ]s ( all ! ,essays h endeav\r$ to make !m suffici5tly exhau/ive to r5d] x unnecess>y = ! majority ( read]s to g fur!r = in=mation1 &1 at ! same "t1 suffici5tly sugge/ive ( m recondite s\rces ( ,!ological /udy1 to help ! /ud5t 9 foll[+ up 8 subjects4 ,by means ( a ,table prefix$ to ! ,diction>y1 a regul> c\rse ( su* /udy may be c>ri$ out 9 its pages4 #c4 ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,! ,,"w4 ,! ,editor & 8 coadjutors h c>efully avoid$ any p>ty bias1 & consequ5tly ! "w _c be said to be ei!r 8,high ,*ur*10 8,l[ ,*ur*10 or 8,broad ,*ur*40 ,! only bias ( ! ,diction>y is t giv5 by ,revelation1 ,hi/ory1 ,logic1 & ! lit]>y idiosyncrasy ( ea* p>ticul> contributor4 ,b ! ,editor has n attempt$ to assi/ ! circulation ( ! book by mak+ x col\rless on ! pret5ce ( imp>tiality4 ,errors are freely condemn$1 & tru?s are express$ z if !y 7 wor? express+2 b he believes t no t]ms ( condemnation :i* may be us$ ev] transgress ! b\nds ( ,*ri/ian c\rtesy4 #d4 ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,s]ies4 ,! ,diction>y ( ,!ology is complete 9 itself1 b x is also int5d$ to =m "p ( a ,s]ies1 entitl$1 8,a ,summ>y ( ,!ology10 ( :i* ! second volume1 8,a ,diction>y ( ,sects1 ,h]esies1 & ,s*ools ( ,?\ght10 is 9 ! press4 8,tak5 z a :ole ! articles are ! "w ( practis$ writ]s1 & well in=m$ & solid !ologians4444 ,we "k no book ( its size & bulk :i* supplies ! in=mation "h giv5 at all2 f> less :i* supplies x 9 an arrangem5t s accessible1 ) a complet5ess ( in=mation s ?or\gh1 & ) an ability 9 ! treatm5t ( pr(\nd subjects s great4 ,dr4 ,hook's mo/ useful volume is a "w ( high calibre1 b x is ! "w ( a s+le m9d4 ,we h "h a wid] range ( ?\ght f a great] v>iety ( sides4 ,we h "h also ! "w ( m5 :o evid5tly "k :at !y write ab\t & are some:at m pr(\nd 7to say ! lea/71 ?an ! writ]s ( ! curr5t ,diction>ies ( ,sects & ,h]esies40,,gu>dian4 8,m]e antiqu>ianism1 h[ev] int]e/+1 has little place 9 x4 ,b = all practical purposes its hi/orical articles are excell5t4 ,!y are ( c\rse1 & ( necessity1 a good deal cond5s$1 yet !y are wond]fully complete2 see = example su* articles z #8,a!ism1' #8,cabbala1' #8,calv9ism1' #8,canonization1' #8,convocations1' #8,evangelical1' #8,fa!rs1' #8,infant ,baptism1' c41 c4 ,b ! /r5g? ( ! book lies 9 ! !ology prop]1 & h]e9 m p>ticul>ly 9 :at "o may call ! metaphysical side ( doctr9e3see ! articles on #8,conceptualism1' #8,d\bt1' #8,dualism1' #8,election1' #8,et]nity1' #8,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t1' #8,fatalism1' & ! l4 ,we m5tion ^! z *>act]i/ic ( ! book4 ,at ! same "t o!r m practical matt]s are fully dealt )4 ,!re are excell5t & elaborate pap]s on su* words z #8,eu*>i/1' #8,confession1' #8,blood1' #8,cross1' #8,anti*ri/1' to say no?+ ( ! ho/ ( m9or matt]s on :i* x is mo/ conv5i5t to be able to turn to a book :i* gives y at a glance ! pi? ( a :ole libr>y 9 a column or a page4 ,?us x w be obvi\s t x takes a v mu* wid] range ?an any und]tak+ ( ! same k9d 9 our language2 & t to ^? ( our cl]gy :o h n ! =tune to sp5d 9 books1 & w\ld n h ! leisure to use !m if !y possess$ !m1 x w be ! mo/ s]viceable & reliable sub/itute = a l>ge libr>y we c ?9k (4 ,& 9 _m cases1 :ile keep+ /rictly )9 its prov9ce z a ,diction>y1 x contrives to be m>vell\sly sugge/ive ( ?\ght & reflections1 :i* a s]i\s m9d$ man w take ) him & pond] ov] = 8 own elaboration & future use4 ,z an example ( ?is we may ref] to ! :ole article on ,d\bt4 ,x is treat$ ( "u ! successive heads (17#a7 its nature2 7#b7 its orig92 7#c7 ! hi/ory ( ! pr9cipal p]iods ( ,d\bt2 7#d7 ! consci\snessor actual exp]i5ce ( ,d\bt1 & h[ to deal ) its diff]5t phases & k9ds2 7#e7 ! relations ( ,d\bt to action & to belief4 ,to expla9 a little we w "h quote a p>agraph or two1 :i* may n be unacceptable to our read]s4444 ,! v>iety ( ! ref]5ces giv5 9 ! c\rse ( ?is article1 & at its conclusion1 %[ h[ c>efully ! writ] has ?\ght out & /udi$ 8 subject 9 its v>i\s manife/ations 9 _m v>i\s m9ds1 & illu/rate v =cibly h[ mu* read+ goes to a v small am\nt ( space 9 any?+ wor? ! "n ( #8,diction>y ( ,!ology4' ,we tru/ mo/ s9c]ely t ! book may be l>gely us$4 ,= a pres5t to a cl]gyman on 8 ord9ation1 or f a p>i%ion] to 8 pa/or1 x w\ld be mo/ appropriate4 ,x may inde$ be call$ #8a box ( tools = a work+ cl]gyman4'0,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,seldom has an ,engli% "w ( equal magnitude be5 s p]meat$ ) ,ca?olic in/9cts1 & at ! same "t seldom has a "w on !ology be5 kept s free f ! drift ( rhetorical incru/ation4 ,( c\rse x is n meant t all ^! rem>ks apply 9 _! full ext5t to e article4 ,9 a great ,diction>y !re are compositions1 z 9 a great h\se !re are vessels1 ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,"s ( ^! at a future day may be replac$ by o!rs m sub/antial 9 _! build1 m proportionate 9 _! outl9e1 & m elaborate 9 _! detail4 ,b admitt+ all ?is1 ! :ole rema9s a home to :i* ! /ud5t w con/antly recur1 sure to f9d spaci\s *amb]s1 sub/antial furniture1 & 7:i* is mo/ important7 no /9t$ light40,,*ur* ,,review4 8,! second & f9al in/alm5t ( ,mr4 ,blunt's useful ,diction>y1 itself b a "p ( a m compreh5sive plan1 is n[ be=e ! public1 & fully su/a9s ! ma9ly fav\rable impression creat$ by ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ "p4 ,)9 ! sph]e x has m>k$ out = itself1 no equally useful book ( ref]5ce exi/s 9 ,engli% = ! elucidation ( !ological problems4444 ,entries :i* display mu* c>e1 rese>*1 & judgm5t 9 compilation1 & :i* w make ! task ( ! p>i% prie/ :o is br\ght face to face ) any ( ! practical que/ions :i* !y involve f> easi] ?an has be5 hi!rto4 ,! v fact t ! utt]ances are "h & !re some:at m gu>d$ & hesitat+ ?an q accords ) our judgm5t1 is a ga9 9 s f> z x protects ! "w f ! *>ge ( inculcat+ extreme views1 & w ?us secure its admission 9 _m places :]e mod]ation is acc\nt$ ! cr[n+ grace40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,! writ]s :o are at "w on x are s*ol>s & !ologians1 & e>ne/ def5d]s ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,!y evid5tly hold fa/ ! fundam5tal doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 & h ! religi\s in/ruction ( ! ris+ m9i/ry at he>t4 ,moreov]1 _! s*eme is a noble "o2 x does cr$it n only to _! le>n+ & zeal1 b also to _! tact & discretion40,,london ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 8,inf9itely ! be/ book ( ! k9d 9 ! language2 &1 if n ! be/ conceivable1 x is p]haps ! be/ we are ev] likely to see )9 its compass z to size & scope4 ,accurate & succ9ct 9 /atem5t1 x may safely be tru/$ z a h&book z reg>ds facts1 :ile 9 our judgm5t1 ?is second "p /ill ma9ta9s ! "* we gave ! fir/1 namely1 ( %[+ mo/ ability 9 its way ( treat+ ! m ab/ract & metaphysical side ( !ological que/ions4 ,! liturgical articles also 9 ?is "p des]ve especial m5tion4 ,! book is sure to make its own way by %e] =ce ( usefulness40,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 8,x is n op5 to d\bt t ?is "w1 ( :i* ! second & conclud+ "p has j be5 issu$1 is 9 e s5se a valuable & important "o4 ,mr4 ,blunt's ,diction>y is a mo/ acceptable addition to ,engli% !ological lit]ature4 ,its g5]al /yle is t]se & vigor\s4 ,:il/ its pages are free f word9ess1 !re is none ( t undue cond5sation :i*1 "u ! plea ( judici\s brevity1 veils a m]e empty jott+ d[n ( famili> /atem5ts 7& mis-/atem5ts71 at second or1 x may be1 ?ird h& f exi/+ works4 ,dean ,hook's well-kn[n ,diction>y makes ! ne>e/ approa* to ! "o n[ be=e u1 b ,mr4 ,blunt's is decid$ly ! bett] ( ! two40,,engli% ,,*ur*man4 8,x w be f\nd ( admirable s]vice to all /ud5ts ( !ology1 z advanc+ & ma9ta9+ ! ,*ur*'s views ( all subjects z fall )9 ! range ( fair argum5t & inquiry4 ,x is n (t5 t a "w ( s compreh5sive & s pr(\nd a nature is m>k$ to ! v end by s _m signs ( wide & c>eful rese>*1 s\nd criticism1 & well-f\nd$ & well-express$ belief40,,/&>d4 ,,! ,,happ9ess ,,( ,,! ,,bless$ ,,consid]$ z to ! ,p>ticul>s ( _! ,/ate3 _! ,recognition ( ea* o!r 9 t ,/ate3 & its ,diff]5ces ( ,degrees4 ,to :i* are add$ ,mus+s on ! ,*ur* & h] ,s]vices4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,,mant1 ,d4,d41 sometime ,"l ,bi%op ( ,d[n & ,connor4 ,new ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,a welcome republication ( a treatise once highly valu$1 & :i* c nev] lose its value4 ,_m ( our read]s already "k ! fulness & discrim9ation ) :i* ! au?or treats 8 subject1 :i* mu/ be "o ( ! mo/ delightful topics ( m$itation to all ^: he>t is :]e ! only true treasure is1 & p>ticul>ly to ^? :o are ent]+ ^u ! ev5+ ( life40,,*ur* ,,review4 8,! value ( ?is book ne$s n to be ref]r$ to1 its /&>d "* hav+ be5 = _m ye>s pa/ e/abli%$4 ,! edition 9 :i* x reappe>s has evid5tly be5 c>efully prep>$1 & w be ! means ( mak+ x m g5]ally kn[n40,,bell',s ,,mess5g]4 8,all recognise ! au?ority ( ! comm& to set ! affections on ?+s above1 & su* works z ! "o n[ be=e u w be f\nd helpful t[>ds ?is good end4 ,we are1 !re=e1 s9c]ely glad t ,messrs4 ,riv+ton h br\ght out a new edition ( ,bi%op ,mant's valuable treatise40,,record4 8,?is beautiful & devotional treatise1 :i* x is impossible to read )\t feel+ a m deep5$ int]e/ 9 ! et]nal bless$ness :i* awaits ! true s]vants ( our ,god1 concludes v appropriately ) #8,mus+s on ! ,*ur* & h] ,s]vices1' :i* we cordially recomm5d to our read]s40,,rock4 ,,! ,,s]vices ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,conta9+ ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 ! ,prop] ,lessons & ,psalms = ,sundays & ,holy ,days1 & ! ,daily ,lessons1 accord+ to ! ,use ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,lessons4 ,conta9+ ! ,prop] ,lessons & ,psalms = ,sundays & ,holy ,days1 toge!r ) ! ,daily ,lessons f ! ,cal5d>4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #is4 ,,aids ,,to ,,pray]2 ,,or1 ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,devotion4 ,) ,=ms ( ,pray] = ,private ,use4 ,by ,,daniel ,,moore1 ,m4,a41 ,*apla9 9 ,ord9>y to ! ,que51 & ,vic> ( ,holy ,tr9ity1 ,padd+ton1 ,au?or ( 8,s]mons on ,special ,occasions10 ,hulsean ,lectures on 8,! ,age & ! ,gospel10 c4 ,second ,edition4 ,squ>e #cbmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,! valuable *>act]i/ic ( ?is "w w be recognis$ by e s]i\s1 ?\ghtful ,*ri/ian1 9 a ^w1 by all :o p]ceive & lam5t ! gr[+ t5d5cy to pref] ! claims ( ext]nal s]vice1 ecclesia/ical controv]sy1 or multipli$ activities to ! practice ( private devotion4 #8,aids to ,pray]' (f]s bo? enc\ragem5t & help to ^? :o aspire to high] atta9m5ts 9 ! ,div9e ,life4 ,e page be>s ! impress ( a matur$ judgm5t1 & ( an exp]im5tal acqua9tance ) a subject confess$ly difficult1 & ( supreme importance40,,record4 8,eloqu5tly1 ably1 & practically writt540,,engli% ,,*ur*man4 8#8,aids to ,pray]' has des]v$ly rea*$ a second edition4 ,! s]mon me?od ( treatm5t has be5 wisely discont9u$40,,john ,,bull4 ,,! ,,a?anasian ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,a?anasian ,,cre$4 ,by ,j4 ,s4 ,,brew]1 ,m4,a41 ,prea*] at ! ,rolls1 & ,honor>y ,fell[ ( ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,re=mation ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,engl&3 its ,hi/ory1 ,pr9ciples1 & ,results1 ,a4,d4 #aeadaedg4 ,by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,blunt1 ,m4,a41 ,vic> ( ,k5n+ton1 ,ox=d4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,build]4 ,a ,qu>t]ly ,j\rnal ( ,*ur* ,ext5sion 9 ,engl& & ,wales4 ,publi%$ 9 connection ) ,! ,incorporat$ ,*ur* ,build+ ,society4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,annual ,volumes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,p>o*ial ,,& ,,pla9 ,,s]mons4 ,by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,newman1 ,b4,d41 =m]ly ,vic> ( ,/4 ,m>y's1 ,ox=d4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,copel&1 ,rector ( ,f>nham1 ,essex4 ,f ! ,text ( ! la/ ,editions publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,riv+ton4 #h ,volumes4 ,sold sep>ately4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ea*4 ,,s]mons ,,be>+ ,,^u ,,subjects ,,( ,,! ,,day4 ,by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,newman1 ,b4,d4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,copel&1 ,rector ( ,f>nham1 ,essex4 ,) an ,index ( ,dates ( all ! ,s]mons4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,fifte5 ,,s]mons ,,prea*$ ,,be=e ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ox=d1 ,,betwe5 ,a4,d4 #ahbf ,,& #ahdc4 ,by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,newman1 ,b4,d41 sometime ,fell[ ( ,oriel ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,h]b]t ,,tre%am4 ,a ,tale ( ! ,great ,rebellion4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,neale1 ,d4,d4 ,new ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,we cordially welcome a new edition ( ,dr4 ,neale's #8,h]b]t ,tre%am4' ,! sc5e is laid 9 ! "t ( ! great civil w>1 & vivid pictures are drawn ( "s ( ! />tl+ ev5ts t !n disgrac$ ! hi/ory ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! m>tyrdom ( ,ar*bi%op ,laud is describ$ 9 a mann] few besides its au?or c\ld equal1 :ile ! n>ration ( ! disa/r\s battle ( ,naseby1 & ! disgraceful surr5d] ( ,bri/ol by ,pr9ce ,rup]t1 af=d pro( ( ! v]satility ( 8 g5ius40,,*ur* ,,times4 8,a pleasant ,*ri/mas pres5t is ,dr4 ,neale's #8,h]b]t ,tre%am4' ,su* a book is well calculat$ to correct curr5t views ( #ag? c5tury hi/ory40,,*ur* ,,review4 8,no?+ c\ld be m admirable z a ,*ri/mas pres5t40,,*ur* ,,news4 ,,! ,,manor ,,f>m3 ,a ,,tale4 ,by ,m4 ,c4 ,,phillpotts1 ,au?or ( 8,! ,hill=d ,confirmation40 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,! ,manor ,f>m1 by ,miss ,phillpotts1 au?or ( ! #8,hill=d ,confirmation1' is a pi\s /ory1 :i* among/ o!r ?+s %[s ! dawn+ ( light 9 sup]/iti\s m9ds40,,morn+ ,,po/4 8#8,! ,manor ,f>m' relates h[1 "u good influ5ce1 a selfi% girl became a useful & g5tle daught]4 ,! /ory is a capital illu/ration ( ! value ( p]sev]ance1 & x is a book t w be v useful 9 p>o*ial read+ libr>ies40,,john ,,bull4 8,a prettily got-up & prettily writt5 little book above ! av]age ( ! class x belongs to40,,ed9burgh ,,c\rant4 ,,p]ranzabuloe1 ,,! ,,lo/ ,,*ur* ,,f\nd2 ,or ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& n a ,new ,*ur*1 b ,anci5t1 ,apo/olical1 & ,indep5d5t1 & a ,prote/+ ,*ur* ,n9e ,hundr$ ,ye>s be=e ! ,re=mation4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,t4 ,,coll9s ,,trelawny4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,sacr$ ,,allegories4 ,illu/rat$ ,edition4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,adams1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ ( ,m]ton ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,! ,,%ad[ ( ! ,,cross4 ,! ,,di/ant ,,hills4 ,! ,,old ,,man',s ,,home4 ,! ,,k+',s ,,mess5g]s4 ,new ,edition 9 "o ,volume4 ,squ>e #afmo4 #es4 ,! ,*eap ,editions may /ill be _h1 #ahmo41 #as4 ea*1 or #f;d4 9 ,pap] ,cov]s4 ,,engli% ,,nurs]y ,,rhymes4 ,translat$ into ,fr5*4 ,by ,,john ,,rob]ts1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,magdal5e ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,squ>e #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,sickness2 ,,its ,,trials ,,& ,,bless+s4 ,new ,edition4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,also a ,*eap ,edition1 #as4 #f;d42 or 9 pap] cov]1 #as4 ,,cat5a ,,classicorum ,a ,s]ies ( ,classical ,au?ors4 ,edit$ by ,memb]s ( bo? ,univ]sities1 "u ! ,direction ( ! ,rev4 ,ar?ur ,holmes1 ,m4,a41 ,s5ior ,fell[ & ,dean ( ,cl>e ,college1 ,cambridge1 & late ,prea*] at ! ,*apel ,royal1 ,:itehall2 & ! ,rev4 ,*>les ,bigg1 ,m4,a41 late ,s5ior ,/ud5t & ,tutor ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d2 ,pr9cipal ( ,brighton ,college4 ,sophoclis ,trago$iae4 ,,! ,,electra1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,ajax1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,c4 ,,jebb1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge1 & ,public ,orator ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,juv5alis ,satirae4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,a4 ,,simcox1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,classical ,lectur] ( ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,new ,edition1 revis$4 #es4 ,?ucydidis ,hi/oria4 ,edit$ by ,,*>les ,,bigg1 ,m4,a41 late ,s5ior ,/ud5t & ,tutor ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d2 ,pr9cipal ( ,brighton ,college4 ,books ,i4 & ,,ii41 ) ,introductions4 #fs4 ,demo/h5is ,orationes ,publicae4 ,,! ,,olyn?iacs1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,philippics1 #cs4 ,,de ,,falsa ,,legatione1 #fs4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,h4 ,,heslop1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ & ,assi/ant ,tutor ( ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d2 ,head ,ma/] ( ,/4 ,bees4 ,ari/ophanis ,como$iae4 ,,! ,,a*>nians & ,,! ,,knights1 #ds4 ,,! ,,cl\ds1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,wasps1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,c4 ,,gre51 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ ( ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge2 ,assi/ant ,ma/] at ,rugby ,s*ool4 ,an ,edition ( ,,! ,,a*>nians & ,,! ,,knights1 ,revis$ & especially adapt$ = ,use 9 ,s*ools4 #ds4 ,isocratis ,orationes4 ,,ad ,,demonicum ,,et ,,panegyricus1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,edit$ by ,,john ,,edw9 ,,s&ys1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,classical ,lectur] at ,jesus ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,p]sii ,satirae4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,,pretor1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,college1 ,cambridge1 ,classical ,lectur] ( ,tr9ity ,hall4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,hom]i ,ilias4 ,edit$ by ,s4 ,h4 ,,reynolds1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,bras5ose ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,books ,i4 to ,,xii4 #fs4 ,t]5ti ,como$iae4 ,,&ria ,,et ,,eunu*us1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,edit$ by ,t4 ,l4 ,,papillon1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,new ,college1 ,ox=d1 late ,fell[ ( ,m]ton4 ,demo/h5is ,orationes4 ,,de ,,corona1 #es4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,,ar?ur ,,holmes1 ,m4,a41 ,s5ior ,fell[ & ,dean ( ,cl>e ,college1 ,cambridge1 & late ,prea*] at ! ,*apel ,royal1 ,:itehall4 ,h]odoti ,hi/oria4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,g4 ,,woods1 ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,book ,i4 #fs4 ,book ,,ii4 #es4 ,,riv+ton',s ,,ma!matical ,,s]ies ,,algebra4 ,"p ,i4 ,by ,j4 ,,hambl9 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a41 ( ,gonville & ,caius ,college1 & late ,lectur] at ,/4 ,pet]'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,"p ,i4 #abmo4 #cs42 )\t ,answ]s1 #bs4 #f;d4 8,! design ( ?is treatise is to expla9 all t is commonly includ$ 9 a ,fir/ ,"p ( ,algebra4 ,9 ! arrangem5t ( ! *apt]s1 ,i h foll[$ ! advice ( exp]i5c$ tea*]s4 ,i h c>efully ab/a9$ f mak+ extracts f books 9 common use4 ,! only "w to :i* ,i am indebt$ = any mat]ial assi/ance is ! ,algebra ( ! late ,dean ,peacock1 :i* ,i took z ! model = ! comm5cem5t ( my treatise4 ,! examples1 progressive & easy1 h be5 select$ f univ]sity & college exam9ation pap]s1 & f ,old ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man works40,,f ,,! ,,preface4 8,x is evid5t t ,mr4 ,hambl9 ,smi? is a tea*]1 & has writt5 to meet ! special wants ( /ud5ts4 ,he does n c>ry ! /ud5t out ( 8 dep? by sudd5 plunges1 b leads him gradually onw>d1 nev] beyond 8 dep? f any desire to hurry =w>d4 ,! examples appe> to be p>ticul>ly well arrang$1 s z to af=d a means ( /eady progress4 ,) su* books ! judici\s tea*] w h abundant supply ( examples & problems = ^? :o ne$ to h ea* /ep ensur$ by famili>ity1 & he w be able to all[ ! m rapid le>n] to travel onw>d ) ease & swiftness4 ,we c confid5tly recomm5d ,mr4 ,hambl9 ,smi?'s books4 ,c&idates prep>+ = ,civil ,s]vice exam9ations "u ! new sy/em ( op5 competition w f9d ^! works to be ( great value40,,civil ,,s]vice ,,gazette4 ,,ex]cises ,,on ,,algebra4 ,by ,j4 ,,hambl9 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,"p ,i4 #abmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,elem5t>y ,,trigonometry4 ,by ,j4 ,,hambl9 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,"p ,i4 #abmo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,elem5t>y ,,hydro/atics4 ,by ,j4 ,,hambl9 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,"p ,i4 #abmo4 #cs4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,geometry4 ,by ,j4 ,,hambl9 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,conta9+ ! ,fir/ ,six & portions ( ! ,elev5? & ,twelf? ,books ( ,euclid1 ) ,ex]cises & ,notes1 arrang$ ) ! ,abbreviations admitt$ 9 ! ,cambridge ,exam9ations4 #abmo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,"p ,i41 conta9+ ! ,fir/ ,two ,books ( ,euclid1 ) ,ex]cises & ,notes4 #abmo1 #bs42 limp clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,"p ,,ii41 conta9+ ! ,?ird & ,f\r? ,books ( ,euclid1 ) ,ex]cises & ,notes4 #abmo1 #bs42 limp clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,"p ,,iii41 conta9+ ! ,fif? & ,six? & portions ( ! ,elev5? & ,twelf? ,books ( ,euclid1 ) ,ex]cises & ,notes4 #abmo1 #bs42 limp clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,elem5t>y ,,/atics4 ,by ,j4 ,,hambl9 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 #abmo4 #cs4 ,o!r ,volumes are 9 prep>ation4 ,,select ,,plays ,,( ,,%aksp]e ,,rugby ,,edition4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes to ea* ,play4 ,small #hvo4 ,,z ,,y ,,l ,,x4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,,*>les ,e4 ,,mob]ly1 ,m4,a41 ,assi/ant ,ma/] 9 ,rugby ,s*ool1 =m]ly ,s*ol> ( ,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d #bs42 pap] cov]1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,macbe?4 ,edit$ by ! same4 #bs42 pap] cov]1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,coriolanus4 ,edit$ by ,,rob]t ,,:itelaw1 ,m4,a41 ,assi/ant ,ma/] 9 ,rugby ,s*ool1 =m]ly ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 #bs4 #f;d42 pap] cov]1 #bs4 ,,hamlet4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,,*>les ,e4 ,,mob]ly1 ,m4,a4 #bs4 #f;d42 9 pap] cov]1 #bs4 ,,! ,,tempe/4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,,surtees ,,phillpotts1 ,m4,a41 ,assi/ant ,ma/] 9 ,rugby ,s*ool1 =m]ly ,fell[ ( ,new ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,9 prep>ation4 ,,mu* ,,ado ,,ab\t ,,no?+4 ,edit$ by ! same4 ,9 prep>ation4 ,o!r ,plays are 9 prep>ation4 ,,lat9 ,,prose ,,ex]cises4 ,be+ ,easy ,graduat$ ,engli% ,s5t5ces = ,translation into ,lat91 ) ,rules1 ,explanations1 a ,vocabul>y1 & ,index4 ,int5d$ = ! ,use ( ,beg9n]s & ,junior ,=ms ( ,s*ools4 ,by ,r4 ,,pr[de ,,smi?1 ,b4,a41 ,assi/ant ,ma/] at ! ,gramm> ,s*ool1 ,h5ley-on-,?ames4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,selections ,,f ,,lucian4 ,) ,engli% ,notes4 ,by ,,evelyn ,,abbott1 ,assi/ant ,ma/] 9 ,clifton ,college4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,sc5es ,,f ,,greek ,,plays4 ,rugby ,edition4 ,abridg$ & adapt$ = ! ,use ( ,s*ools1 by ,,ar?ur ,,sidgwick1 ,m4,a41 ,assi/ant ,ma/] at ,rugby ,s*ool1 & =m]ly ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,,ari/ophanes4 ,! ,cl\ds4 ,! ,frogs4 ,! ,knights4 ,plutus4 ,,euripides4 ,iphig5ia 9 ,taurus4 ,! ,cyclops4 ,ion4 ,small #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ea*1 or #as4 9 pap] cov]4 ,,messrs4 ,,riv+ton',s ,,complete ,,s*ool ,,catalogue1 ) ,press ,notices & ,specim5 ,pages1 may be _h on application4 ,,index 7to ! ,catalog7 ,,page ,,abbott 7,evelyn71 ,selections f ,lucian1 #cj ,adams 7,w471 ,holy ,week1 #c 1 ,sacr$ ,allegories1 #bg ,kempis1 ,imitation ( ,*ri/1 #bb ,al=d 7,h5ry71 ,greek ,te/am5t1 #af 1 ,new ,te/am5t = ,engli% ,read]s1 #af ,&rewes 7,bi%op ,lancelot71 ,manual = ! ,sick1 #ah ,annotat$ ,pray] ,book1 ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,blunt1 #ac ,annual ,regi/]1 #aj ,ari/ophanis ,como$iae1 by ,w4 ,c4 ,gre51 #bh ,ari/ophanes 7,sc5es f71 by ,sidgwick1 #cj ,avanc9i1 ,vita et ,doctr9a ,jesu ,*ri/i1 #af ,,bick]/e? 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( ,hol9ess1 #b ,p]raud 7,pre ,a471 ,la/ ,days ( ,pre ,gratry1 #e ,p]reyve 7,h5ri71 ,life (1 #e ,p]sii ,satirae1 by ,a4 ,pretor1 #bh ,phillpotts 7,m4 ,c471 ,hill=d ,confirmation1 #ah 1 ,manor ,f>m1 #bg ,pope1 ,!1 & ! ,c\ncil1 by ,janus1 #ag ,pray] ,book ,int]leav$1 #aj ,pray]s & ,m$itations = ,holy ,communion1 #aj ,,quir9us1 ,lett]s f ,rome1 #ag ,,reynolds 7,s4 ,h471 ,hom]i ,ilias1 #bh ,ridley 7,w4 ,h471 ,bible ,read+s1 #aa ,riv+ton's ,devotional ,s]ies1 #bb ,ma!matical ,s]ies1 #bi ,rob]ts 7,john71 ,engli% ,nurs]y ,rhymes1 #bg ,roman(f 7,h4 ,c471 ,hi/orical ,n>ratives1 #aj 1 ,rites & ,cu/oms ( ! ,greco-,russian ,*ur*1 #ad 1 ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om's ,liturgy1 #aa ,rossetti 7,m>ia ,f471 ,%ad[ ( ,dante1 #h ,,sales 7,s4 ,francis de71 ,dev\t ,life1 #bc 1 ,lett]s1 #f 1 ,life1 #e 1 ,_s1 #e ,s&ys 7,j4 ,e471 ,isocratis ,orationes1 #bh ,scudamore 7,w4 ,e471 ,manual ( ,pray]s1 #ab 1 ,notitia ,eu*>i/ica1 #ab ,self-,r5unciation1 #c ,s]vices ( ! ,*ur*1 #bf ,%aksp]e's ,z ,y ,l ,x1 #cj ,coriolanus1 #cj ,hamlet1 #cj ,macbe?1 #cj ,mu* ,ado ab\t ,no?+1 #cj ,tempe/1 #cj ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas1 #f ,%ipley 7,orby71 ,gloss>y ( ,ecclesia/ical ,t]ms1 #g ,sickness2 ,its ,trials1 c41 #bg ,sidgwick's ,sc5es f ,greek ,plays1 #cj ,simcox 7,g4 ,a471 ,juv5alis ,satirae1 #bh ,smi? 7,j4 ,h471 ,algebra1 ,"p ,i41 #bi 1 ,algebra1 ,ex]cises on1 #bi 1 ,geometry1 #bi 1 ,hydro/atics1 #bi 1 ,/atics1 #bi 1 ,trigonometry1 #bi ,smi? 7,r4 ,pr[de71 ,lat9 ,prose ,ex]cises1 #cj ,sophoclis ,trago$iae1 by ,r4 ,c4 ,jebb1 #bh ,/a9] 7,john71 ,!ory ( ,h>mony1 #aa ,/> ( ,*ildhood1 #b ,/eph5s 7,a4 ,j471 ,argum5t3 ,%epp>d v4 ,b5nett1 #ad ,/one 7,s4 ,j471 ,poems1 #i ,sutton 7,fr$4 ,h471 ,*ur* ,organs1 #aa ,,taylor 7,j]emy71 ,holy ,dy+1 #bb 1 ,holy ,liv+1 #bb ,t]5ti ,como$iae1 by ,t4 ,l4 ,papillon1 #bh ,?ucydidis ,hi/oria1 by ,*as4 ,bigg1 #bh ,treasury ( ,devotion1 #b ,trelawny1 7,c4 ,t4 ,c471 ,p]ranzabuloe1 #bg ,,walton 7,h4 ,b471 & ,m$d 7,p4 ,g471 ,common ,pray] & ,ord9al1 #aedi1 #af ,way ( ,life1 #b ,williams 7,isaac71 ,devotional ,comm5t>y1 #ai 1 ,female ,scripture ,*>act]s1 #ah 1 ,old ,te/am5t ,*>act]s1 #ah ,wilson 7,bi%op71 ,"l's ,supp]1 #bb ,woods 7,h4 ,g471 ,h]odoti ,hi/oria1 #bh ,wordswor? 7,*>les71 ,cate*esis1 #aa