,machine ,gun ,manual ,by ,,captain ,h4 ,,douglas ,sherwood ,foresters ,national ,team 7,england7 ,kolapore ,team 7,great ,britain7 ,british ,rifle ,team 7,australian ,tour7 ,a ,,complete ,,manual ,,to ,,machine ,,gunnery containing details of ,,maxim ,,vickers ,,lewis ,,colt ,,hotchkiss together with ,,drill 7,elementary and ,advanced7 ,fire ,orders1 ,notes from the ,front and a mass of other ,useful ,information ,,illustrated ,,london ,,harrison ,,and ,,sons ,printers in ,ordinary to ,his ,majesty ,military ,printers1 ,publishers and ,stationers ,,st4 ,,martin',s ,,lane1 ,w4,c4 ,illustration3 ,telephone #aaeif ,,central ,,maxims ,makers of ,good ,clothes ,telephone #iij ,,mayfair ,telephone #aaeif ,,central ,,maxims ,makers of ,good ,clothes ,telephone #iij ,,mayfair ,illustration3 ,coat ,for the best value in ,,military ,,outfits4 ,,the 8,,maxim0 ,trench ,coat 7as illustrated7 with detachable fleece lining4 ,made from fine quality ,khaki ,twill1 lined with rainproof lining and interlined with oiled silk1 #d 4 #aj 4 #j ,light and warm1 absolutely wind and rain proof4 ,write for complete illustrated list4 #ga1 ,,new ,,bond ,,street1 ,w4 #ada #adb1 ,,fenchurch ,,street1 ,e4,c4 ,,london4 ,contents4 ,maxim ,gun4 ,,page ,general description #e ,plates and list of parts #aa ,to mount and dismount #af load and unload #af clean #ag ,muzzle attachment #ah ,fusee spring #ah ,stripping and assembling #ai ,examination and testing #ba ,stoppages #bc ,vickers' ,light ,gun4 ,plates and list of parts #ca ,special features #ce ,to mount and dismount #cf load and unload #cf clean #cf ,muzzle attachment #cg ,fusee spring #cg ,stripping and assembling #ch ,stoppages #ci ,examination and testing #ci ,points to be attended to 7,maxim and ,vickers'7 #dj ,belt filling #dj ,lewis ,automatic ,gun4 ,plates and list of parts #dc ,description #dg ,to load and unload #di ,stripping and assembling #ej ,stoppages #ec ,colt ,automatic ,gun4 ,description #ee ,to load and unload #eh ,stoppages #ei ,stripping and assembling #fb ,plates and list of parts #fe ,hotchkiss ,portable ,machine ,gun4 ,component parts and plates #fg ,general description #ga ,action of the mechanism #ga ,to strip and assemble the gun #gc ,points to be attended to before firing #gh ,rapid change of barrel in the field #hj ,stoppages #hb ,cleaning and care #hc ,feed strip filling machine #hc ,general4 ,duties #he ,section drill 7with and without transport7 #hf ,elementary tests #ij ,machine gun characteristics #ij ,fire direction #ia ,fire orders #ic ,signals #id ,war establishment #ie ,general machine gun course #ig ,notes from overseas #ajj ,points to remember #ajj ,choice of gun position #ajj ,employment of machine guns #ajj ,occupation of positions #ajb ,trench work #ajf ,in action #ajg ,village fighting #aji ,attack on entrenched position #aaj ,co-operation #aab1 #aah ,targets and ranges #aab ,guns brigaded in action #aae ,indication and recognition #aaf ,observation of fire #aag ,ammunition supply #aai ,mechanical troubles #aai ,pack transport #abj ,training in billets #aba ,painting of guns #abb ,telephone #aaeif ,,central ,,maxims ,makers of ,good ,clothes ,telephone #iij ,,mayfair ,,for ,,the ,,best ,,value ,,in ,,military ,,outfits ,service ,kit for any regiment in #cf hours4 s4 ,service ,tunic #c #c ,slacks #a #a ,bedford ,cord ,breeches #b #b ,british ,warm 7fleece lined74 #c #c ,sam ,browne ,belt 7complete7 #b #b ,complete6 ,illustrated ,list on request1 or better still1 call and inspect our stock4 #ada #adb1 ,,fenchurch ,,street1 ,e4,c4 #ga1 ,,new ,,bond ,,street1 ,w4 ,,london4 8,he sent home a ,snapshot60 ,how many tender voices have said this1 with absolute joy8 ,arthur ,brisbane said3 8,a photograph can speak a million words60 ,,every soldier should own a little camera4 ,,every army-man can photograph1 and the snapshot records may be ,,priceless in days to come4 ,our new ,list of ,cameras at prices #be per cent4 to #ej per cent4 below makers' prices ,,free1 from the ,firm with #dj years' ,reliable ,reputation for honest photographic dealing4 ,send post card for ,big ,list to-day4 7,cameras taken in exchange or bought for ,,cash47 ,sidenote3 #dc years' service4 ,,sands1 ,,hunter ,,co41 ,,ltd4 #cg1 ,bedford ,st41 ,strand1 ,w4,c4 ,the ,specialists in ,photographic ,apparatus4 ,the ,maxim ,gun4 ,,general ,,description4 ,weight of the #cjc-;in4 gun1 #fj lbs4 ,weight of the tripod1 #dh lbs4 ,weight of ammunition box containing one filled belt1 ,mark ,,vi #ba lbs41 ,mark ,,vii #ai lbs4 ,the gun may be considered as divided into two portions--the non-recoiling and the recoiling4 ,it is worked automatically by two forces--the explosion of the charge which forces the recoiling portion backwards1 and a strong spring 7called the fusee spring7 which carries it forward4 ,non-,recoiling ,portion4 ,the non-recoiling portion consists of the barrel casing and breech casing1 and is attached to the mounting by the crosshead and elevating joint pins4 ,the barrel casing is of gunmetal1 holding about seven pints of water to keep the barrel cool when firing2 it has three openings1 one on the upper right side near the breech for filling1 one underneath near the muzzle for drawing off the water1 and the third 7also near the muzzle7 for allowing the steam1 but not the water1 to escape4 ,the first two are closed with screwed plugs2 the last is open and connected with the steam tube1 and carries the condenser nipple4 ,a cork plug is provided which can be inserted in the steam escape hole when the gun is travelling1 in order to prevent waste of water from jolting4 ,the plug should always be taken out before commencing to fire1 and put in again before the gun changes position1 unless the condenser is attached to the barrel casing and can be conveniently moved with the gun4 ,to prevent the escape of water1 there is at the forward end of the barrel casing asbestos packing1 which is held in position round the barrel by the packing gland4 ,at the rear end of the barrel there is a cannelure1 also filled with asbestos packing1 which prevents the escape of water when the gun is working1 and a gunmetal valve immediately in front of the barrel block1 which prevents the escape of water when the gun is not firing and the barrel home4 ,the steam tube consists of a fixed tube and an outer tube1 termed the slide valve1 so arranged as to slide freely along the fixed tube4 ,in the fixed tube there is a hole near each end1 and a third hole in the threaded portion in front1 to connect with the steam escape hole which is bored in the solid part of the front end of the barrel casing4 ,this tube is fixed into the solid end of the barrel casing1 and is retained in position by a screw which1 being kept in adjustment by a keeper screw1 ensures that the third hole coincides with the steam escape hole4 ,at the breech end it fits into a recess4 ,if the gun is fired with elevation1 the valve slides backwards1 and1 closing up the hole at the rear end of the tube1 prevents the water entering2 at the same time it leaves the front hole uncovered1 which1 being above the water level1 allows the steam to enter the tube and escape through the steam escape hole in the barrel casing4 ,similarly1 if the gun is fired with depression1 the valve slides forward and allows the steam1 but not the water1 to escape through the rear hole4 ,in the lower part of the barrel casing is the ejector tube through which the empty cartridge cases are ejected from the gun4 ,the tube is fitted with a spring1 which prevents the cases falling backwards into the gun4 ,the breech casing consists of two outside plates1 a bottom plate which is riveted to them1 and the rear cross piece1 the whole being closed by a cover4 ,the outside plates are dovetailed into the barrel casing1 and1 together with the cover1 are secured by means of a cover joint pin4 ,on the outside of the right hand plate there are the following fittings3--7#a7 a socket and stud for securing and supporting the buffer spring2 7#b7 the resistance piece1 and 7#c7 the stud for the check lever4 ,on the outside of the left hand plate are three studs for holding the fusee spring box1 the rear one being on the slide mentioned below2 there are also two other studs on this plate for fixing a shoulder piece to the gun if required4 ,in both plates are slots partly closed by slides1 in which the crank bearings move1 and on the inside of both plates are solid cams which control the path of the extractor4 ,below these1 and supporting the side plates1 are rests1 along which the recoiling portion travels4 ,along the bottom plate lies the trigger bar1 and underneath is a bracket to which the elevating gear is attached by means of the elevating joint pin4 ,the outside plates are connected at the rear end by the rear cross piece1 into which they both dovetail2 this piece is fitted with 7#a7 hollow handles1 which are also used for carrying oil1 and are closed by milled heads1 fitted with camel-hair brushes2 7#b7 a firing lever and spring1 the lower end of which fits into the trigger bar1 while the upper end is provided with a double button for firing2 7#c7 an automatic double-handed safety catch1 which is so arranged that unless it is held up the firing lever cannot be pressed forward2 and 7#d7 a pivoted shutter1 which1 when moved to the right or left1 uncovers an aperture through which 7when the lock is removed and the crank handle vertical7 the barrel can be inspected or cleaned from the rear4 ,the cover is fitted with 7#a7 springs to ensure the extractor dropping on recoil2 7#b7 a gunmetal block to keep the lock down when back1 and 7#c7 at the rear end1 a lock to fasten it4 ,on the upper surface is the tangent sight1 consisting of a stem1 a graduated plate and slide4 ,running through the centre of the slide is a pinion1 the teeth of which work in the rack on the stem4 ,a pawl is secured to the pinion by a fixing pin4 ,on the under side of one end of the pawl are teeth1 which engage in the circular rack on the slide4 ,when the slide is at rest the stud on the inside of the milled head 7nearest the slot for the slide spring7 bears on the stud on the pawl immediately over the teeth1 being actuated by the slide spring1 thus forcing the teeth into the circular rack4 ,this keeps the slide stationary on the stem4 ,on rotating the milled head1 this stud is partly disengaged from the stud on the pawl1 thus permitting a second stud on the milled head to press on one side of the ,v-shaped ramp at the other end of the pawl4 ,this action releases the teeth sufficiently to permit the pawl being moved round the circular rack by the action of the stud bearing on one side of the ,v-shaped ramp on the pawl2 this moves the slide along the stem4 ,on releasing the milled head1 the spring positions the cover1 thus causing the stud on the pawl to become once more engaged with the stud on the milled head and force the teeth into the rack4 ,recoiling ,portion4 ,the recoiling portion 7which is mounted inside the non-recoiling portion7 consists of a barrel and two side plates which carry the lock and the crank4 ,the barrel is coated with copper to protect it from rust2 the gunmetal valve referred to above1 which prevents the escape of water to the rear1 is fitted just in front of the breech end1 which is formed in the shape of a block2 this block has two studs1 one on each side1 called the barrel trunnions1 by means of which the barrel is attached to the side plates4 ,the side plates are each provided with a hole to receive the barrel trunnions1 and in the case of the #cjc-;in4 gun1 with hooks for engaging the recesses on the top of the barrel block2 also guides in which the flanges of the lock move1 which are enlarged at the rear end to act as crank stops2 in addition each has a bearing1 through which the crank passes1 thus connecting the latter with the barrel2 these bearings move in slots in the breech casing4 ,the left side plate is fitted with a connecting rod spring to hold the connecting rod upright when the lock is removed1 and the right side plate is fitted with a side plate spring near the barrel1 to keep the extractor in its highest position when the lock is home4 ,the left side plate is prolonged to the front1 and has a recess in which the bottom lever of the feed block engages4 ,the crank is fitted with a connecting rod1 which is free to rotate on the crank pin1 and1 outside the breech casing on the right1 with a handle which has a curved projecting arm1 and on the left with a fusee1 to which is attached a chain4 ,the connecting rod is attached to the crank by means of an axis pin1 called the crank pin1 and is arranged to take the lock by means of an interrupted screw1 thereby connecting the crank and the lock4 ,the connecting rod is divided into two parts1 enabling its length to be increased by inserting washers of varying thicknesses4 ,by this means it is ensured that a firm pressure is kept on the base of the cartridge at the moment of firing1 thus preventing separations4 ,on the left of the breech casing there is a strong spiral spring1 called the fusee spring1 the rear end of which is connected by the fusee chain and fusee with the crank2 the front end is attached to the breech casing by means of the fusee spring box and adjusting screw1 which passes through the front end of the fusee spring box1 and through the nut at the front end of the spring4 ,the lock is attached to the connecting rod by the screwed head1 and when in the firing position closes the breech4 ,in this position it is held by the side levers1 the crank 7which bears against stops on the side plates71 and the connecting rod1 the joint being slightly above the horizontal1 to prevent the breech being opened at the moment of firing4 ,the lock has a reciprocating motion communicated to it by the rotation of the crank1 and is kept in position during its backward and forward movements by means of flanges working in guides on the side plates1 and1 when at the end of its backward travel and clear of the guides1 by the gunmetal block underneath the cover4 ,the extractor is moved upwards by means of the side and extractor levers1 and when in its highest position1 is retained there by means of the side plate spring2 this ensures the hole for the firing pin being opposite the centre of the base of the cartridge when the lock is home4 ,the upward and downward movements of the extractor are regulated by guide ribs and stops2 the upper stop forms part of the lock casing1 and the lower one is removable4 ,the feed block1 which fits under the cover into a recess cut in the breech casing1 is provided with a slide to which are attached two pawls with springs1 for the purpose of moving the cartridges from right to left2 the slide has a transverse motion given to it by means of two levers which are fitted together2 the top lever has a slot which engages a stud on the slide1 and on the bottom lever is a stud which engages in a recess in the left side plate2 by this means the slide is connected with the recoiling portion4 ,the feed block has also two stationary pawls1 which engage under the belt and prevent it slipping backwards during firing4 ,to facilitate the entrance of the cartridges1 the feed block is provided with a band roller1 and in addition has steel guides fitted above and below in the cartridge way1 which ensure the cartridges coming to the exact position where they can be gripped by the extractor2 they are prevented from being pushed too far through to the left by means of the cartridge and bullet stops1 which are inside the feed block4 ,the gun is supplied with cartridges from a belt which passes from right to left through the feed block4 ,this belt is formed by two pieces of webbing connected together by eyelets and brass strips of two lengths1 the projecting strips showing how far the cartridges should be inserted2 the belt is made thick at the edge next the bullets by being folded over a piece of cord1 so that the cartridges may be kept parallel in passing through the feed block1 and lie evenly in the ammunition belt boxes4 7,flexible steel belts are now being used4 ,these fold into their box in sections1 and by withdrawing a pin the unexpended portion can be detached and packed away immediately4 ,they appear to be giving considerable satisfaction1 inasmuch as 8belt troubles0 are practically impossible47 ,converted ,guns4 ,converted guns are the original #de-;in4 guns made to take the #cjc-;in4 cartridge4 ,the conversion consists in the substitution of #cjc-;in4 barrels for the #de-;in4 barrels and the adaption of the mechanism to the smaller calibre by the introduction of new parts or the alteration of existing parts4 ,the ,mark ,,ii differs from the ,mark ,i in being fitted with the service #cjc-;in4 barrel and muzzle attachment for ball firing1 whereas the ,mark ,i has a special muzzle attachment and a heavy barrel4 ,the difference in the barrels affects also certain other parts4 ,in both ,marks ,i and ,,ii converted guns the attachment for ball firing must always be on the guns1 as1 owing to the greater weight of the component parts1 these guns will not work without it4 ,the tangent sight is graduated to #b1ejj yards4 ,the weight is #fd lbs4 ,in other respects they resemble the #cjc-;in4 gun except that the connecting rod is not above the horizontal and that there is a space of about of an inch between the projecting arm of the crank handle and the resistance piece4 ,ammunition4 ,all marks of #cjc-;in4 ball ammunition may be used1 but care should be taken to select ammunition of the most recent manufacture4 ,mark ,,vii can1 however1 be used only in guns specially modified to take it4 ,explanation of ,plates ,i and ,,ii4 #a4 ,end of crank4 #b4 ,projecting arm of crank handle4 #c4 ,crank handle4 #d4 ,breech casing4 #e4 ,fusee spring #f4 ,chain ,dotted lines in #g4 ,fusee ,fig4 #a4 #h4 ,spring box #i4 ,resistance piece4 #aj4 ,buffer spring4 #aa4 ,check lever4 #ab4 ,lock casing4 #ac4 ,firing lever4 #ad4 ,trigger bar4 #ae4 ,projection on trigger bar4 #af4 ,trigger4 #ag4 ,tumbler4 #ah4 ,lockspring4 #ai4 ,firing pin4 #bj4 ,crank4 #ba4 ,crank pin4 #bb4 ,connecting rod4 #bb;,a4 ,cotter4 #bc4 ,side levers4 #bd4 ,sear4 #be4 ,extractor4 #bf4 ,barrel4 #bg4 ,ejector tube4 #bh4 ,horns of extractor4 #bi4 ,keeper bracket4 #cj4 ,side cams4 #ca4 ,cover spring4 #cb4 ,cover4 #cc4 ,gib4 #cd4 ,adjusting screw for fusee spring4 #ce4 ,extractor spring4 #cf4 ,handles4 #cg4 ,double button4 #ch4 ,trigger bar spring4 #ci4 ,gib spring4 #da4 ,extractor levers4 #db4 ,belt4 #dc4 ,upper extractor stop4 #dd4 ,groove for side plate spring4 #de4 ,cartridge grooves4 #df4 ,ejector tube spring4 #dg4 ,side plates4 #dh4 ,guides in which flanges of lock move4 #di4 ,guide ribs for extractor4 #ej4 ,cover lock4 #ea4 ,gunmetal block4 #eb4 ,hole for firing pin4 #ec4 ,safety catch4 #ed4 ,screwed head4 #ee4 ,connecting rod spring4 #ef4 ,crank bearings4 #eg4 ,slots1 breech casing4 #eh4 ,crank stops4 #ei4 ,ammunition belt box1 ,no4 #b4 #fj4 ,feed block4 #fa4 ,top lever feed block4 #fb4 ,cork plug4 #fc4 ,feed block slide4 #fd4 ,top pawl4 #fe4 ,bottom pawl4 #ff4 ,band roller4 #fg4 ,barrel casing4 #fh4 ,screwed plug for filling4 #fi4 ,asbestos packing4 #gj4 ,packing gland4 #ga4 ,cannelure for asbestos packing4 #gb4 ,gunmetal valve4 #gc4 ,steam tube4 #gd4 ,holes in steam tube4 #ge4 #gf4 ,slide valve4 #gg4 ,steam escape hole4 #gh4 ,milled heads of oil brushes4 #gi4 ,oil brush4 #hj4 ,sight1 tangent4 #ha4 ,sight1 fore4 #hb4 ,shutter4 #hc4 ,shutter spring4 #hd4 ,shutter catch4 #he4 ,notch for shutter catch4 #hf4 ,screwed plug for emptying4 #hg4 ,slides1 right and left4 #hh4 ,gib spring cover4 #hi4 ,check lever collar4 #ij4 ,cover lock spring4 #ia4 ,safety catch spring4 #ib4 ,tangent sight spring4 #ic4 ,bottom lever feed block4 #id4 ,trunnions of barrel4 #ie4 ,extractor stop4 #if4 ,firing lever spring4 #ig4 ,shutter pivot screw4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,i4 ,,gun ,,maxim1 #cjc ,,inch4 ,,side ,,elevation4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,,ii4 ,,gun ,,maxim #cjc ,,inch4 ,,plan ,,with ,,cover ,,removed4 ,,mounting1 ,,tripod1 #cjc-;in4 ,,maxim ,,gun1 ,,mark ,,iv4 ,the mounting consists of a crosshead 7a71 elevating gear 7b71 and socket 7c71 mounted on three legs4 ,it is constructed to give #ac degrees elevation and #be degrees depression at heights varying from #ad-;in4 to #cj-;in4 from the axis of the gun to the ground4 ,by arranging the position of the rear and front legs respectively1 elevation may be given up to about #dc degrees and depression to #ee degrees4 ,an all-round traverse can be obtained4 ,the crosshead 7a71 to which the gun is pivoted1 is formed with a pivot to fit into the socket 7c7 and an arm 7d7 which carries the elevating gear 7b74 ,the elevating gear1 which is actuated by a hand wheel 7v71 consists of an inner and outer screw 7right and left-handed7 and a nut working within a tumbler 7g74 ,the tumbler is split and provided with a jamming bolt 7h71 by which the wear may be taken up4 ,the inner part of the screw is attached to the crosshead by a chain4 ,chains also1 for future manufacture and replacement1 will secure the joint pins to the mounting4 ,the socket 7c7 is bored to receive the crosshead and is provided with three lugs 7n71 to which the legs are hinged2 a jamming block and screw with handle 7f7 is attached to the front to secure the crosshead in any desired angle of traverse2 the block works in a recess in the upper portion of the crosshead and prevents it from rising4 ,both faces of the rear lug and one face of each front lug are fitted with clutch plates having radial serrations to correspond with similar serrations on the faces of the leg joints4 ,joint studs with disc spring and jamming handle 7s7 are ,illustration3 ,plate ,,iii4 ,,mounting ,,tripod #cjc ,,inch1 ,,maxim ,,gun ,,mark4 ,,scale ,,side ,,elevation4 ,a ,crosshead ,b ,elevating gear ,c ,socket ,d ,arm1 crosshead ,f ,screw1 clamp checking traverse ,g ,tumbler1 elevating gear ,h ,bolt1 jamming elevating gear ,j ,front legs ,k ,rear leg ,m ,shoes ,n ,socket lugs ,s ,stud1 joints1 a jamming handle1 front legs ,t ,joint pin1 a jamming handle rear leg ,v ,handwheel elevating gear fixed to the front lugs1 by which the legs are securely clamped to the socket in the required position4 ,the legs 7j1 k7 are of tubular steel1 the lower ends being fitted with shoes 7m7 to steady the mounting on the ground1 and the upper ends having a joint with radial serrations mentioned above4 ,the rear leg is provided with a joint pin with nut and jamming handle 7t74 ,on a portion of the periphery of the leg joints1 numbers are stamped at regular intervals so that when read in conjunction with a zero mark the relative position of the legs to their normal position may be readily seen4 ,a strap is fixed to the rear leg to secure the three legs during transport4 ,when firing1 the ammunition box is placed on the ground on the right side of the gun4 ,weight of mounting #dh lbs4 variable4 ,,to ,,mount ,,and ,,dismount ,,gun4 ,to ,mount ,gun4 ,machine gunner ,no4 #a will carry tripod into position1 elevating screws being equally exposed4 ,cross head upright4 ,legs clamped tight4 ,no4 #b will carry gun to right side of tripod1 holding rear cross piece with left hand1 gun muzzle to rear under right arm4 ,kneel on left knee1 facing tripod1 and supporting weight of gun on right knee1 place it on tripod1 pushing in and turning down the crosshead joint pin4 ,remove cork plug finally from steam escape hole1 ,no4 #a fixing elevating joint pin4 ,to ,dismount ,gun4 ,no4 #a removes crosshead and elevating joint pins1 ,no4 #b replaces cork plug and removes gun as in mounting1 carrying it to its original position in rear1 ,no4 #a following with the tripod4 ,joint pins will then be pushed home and turned down1 legs folded and clamped4 ,,to ,,load ,,and ,,unload ,,gun4 ,to ,load4 ,pass the tag of belt through feed block from right side1 turning crank handle with right hand on to buffer spring1 and pull belt through with left hand to left front as far as it will go1 let go crank handle1 the first cartridge will then be gripped by the extractor4 ,again turn crank handle on to buffer spring1 and pull belt to left front1 letting go crank handle--the gun is then ready for firing4 ,make each motion clear and distinct4 ,on pressing double button the gun will fire automatically until pressure is released4 ,to ,unload4 ,turn crank handle twice in succession on to buffer spring1 letting it fly back to the check lever each time4 ,press up the bottom pawls and remove belt from feed block1 then release the lock spring by pressing double button4 ,,to ,,clean ,,gun4 ,mechanism4 ,equal parts of ,g4,s4 lubricating oil and paraffin should be used1 each part being thoroughly dried and slightly oiled with ,g4,s4 lubricating oil4 ,the various parts can easily be got at by 8hanging0 the lock as follows3-- ,turn the crank handle on to buffer spring1 raise lock slightly till clear of guides1 allow handle to come back a little1 and lock to rest on top of guides1 when it will be fixed and easily accessible4 ,barrel4 ,turn crank handle over against buffer spring1 open cover1 raise lock1 and as the crank handle is allowed to come slowly back raise it and let it rest upon the top of the rear crosspiece4 ,the cleaning rod may then be used from muzzle of barrel4 ,daily cleaning is absolutely necessary for at least ten days after using ball ammunition and the bore should at all times be left coated with oil4 7,a double-ended pull through may be used to remove hard fouling47 ,treatment in ,frosty ,weather4 ,in frosty weather1 when water is kept in the barrel casing1 a blanket or some other thick covering should be kept wrapped round the barrel casing to prevent the water freezing4 ,the working parts of the gun should only be slightly oiled with a lightly-oiled rag4 ,in climates where the temperature is likely to fall much below freezing point1 not more than about #e pints of water should be put into the barrel casing 7#be per cent4 of glycerine mixed with the water will prevent it from freezing so quickly74 ,,muzzle ,,attachment4 ,the force of recoil is increased by the use of the muzzle attachment4 ,defects in the working of the gun are overcome by this means4 ,it consists of a steel cylinder with a hole bored longitudinally through it1 the front end of cylinder being partially closed by a screw4 ,gases escaping from the muzzle of barrel are partially confined to the interior of attachment1 the pressure of the gas acting on the muzzle of barrel giving additional recoil4 ,it is fitted by unscrewing the packing gland from the barrel casing1 and screwing the attachment into the packing gland by means of the steam tube and packing gland key4 ,the attachment should be removed from the gun and cleaned immediately after firing1 all metallic fouling being carefully scraped away4 ,,the ,,fusee ,,spring4 ,on the left of the breech casing1 the rear end being connected by the fusee chain and fusee with the crank1 the front end is attached to breech casing by means of fusee spring box and adjusting screw which passes through front end of fusee spring box and through the nut at front end of spring4 ,to ,weigh and ,adjust4 ,cock the lock1 place loop of spring balance over knob of crank handle and pull vertically upwards1 resting wrist on breech casing1 the reading indicated when crank handle commences to move will be the weight of the fusee spring4 ,this should be between #e and #g lbs4 7for converted ,mark ,i ,guns between #aj and #ab lbs474 ,if spring is over1 or not up to weight1 remove fusee spring box and adjust by means of adjusting screw1 six turns making a difference of about #a lb4 7,turning screw clockwise increases weight and vice versa47 ,the tension should always be kept as high as possible1 consistent with maintaining the normal rate of fire 7#ejj rounds per minute74 ,,stripping ,,the ,,gun4 ,the gun is stripped in the following order3-- ,,note4--,all pins are driven in from right to left1 and out in the reverse direction4 7i7 ,lock and ,feed ,block4 ,raise the cover1 turn the crank handle on to the buffer spring1 see that the extractor drops1 place finger between the extractor and stop1 raise the lock and allow the crank handle to come slowly back on to the check lever2 slide the live cartridges out of the extractor1 keeping the latter down4 ,give the lock turn to the left and lift off4 ,lift the feed block out4 7ii7 ,fusee ,spring ,box4 ,with the right hand at the rear and the left hand at the front1 press the box forward until clear of the lugs1 and remove4 ,disconnect the fusee chain and remove the box and the spring4 ,care should be taken to throw no cross strain on the chain4 7iii7 ,tangent ,sight and ,cover ,lock4 ,lower the cover1 putting a screwdriver across the breech casing under the gunmetal block1 drive out the axis pin of the stem and remove with its piston and spring4 ,close the cover1 press in the cover lock1 and1 with the large screwdriver1 remove the stop screw2 the lock with its piston and spring can then be removed4 7iv7 ,cover4 ,drive out the fixing pin of the cover joint pin1 remove the collar and joint pin and take off the cover4 7v7 ,rear ,crosspiece4 ,drive out the tapered fixing pin1 grasp with the left hand the left handle of the rear crosspiece1 slightly raise the casing and1 with the mallet1 strike the top edges of the casing alternately until the rear crosspiece is clear of the dovetails on the casing4 ,lift out the trigger bar4 7vi7 ,slides1 ,right and ,left1 and ,check ,lever4 ,pull out the slides4 ,drive out the fixing pin from the check lever collar1 remove the collar and check lever4 7vii7 ,recoiling ,portion4 ,fold back the connecting rod on to the crank1 turn the crank handle to a vertical position1 and draw out to the rear the recoiling portion4 ,disconnect the side plates by dropping them and springing them outwards4 ,if necessary1 by taking out the fixing pin1 the crank handle can be driven off with a drift and hammer1 and the fusee unscrewed from the left bearing of the crank2 but as a rule these parts should not be stripped4 7viii7 ,foresight4 ,the position of the foresight should first be carefully marked4 ,remove the fixing screw and foresight4 7ix7 ,steam ,tube and ,packing ,gland4 ,up-end the barrel casing so that it stands on the rear end of the breech casing4 ,remove the keeper screw and unscrew the steam tube4 ,unscrew and remove the packing gland and packing4 7x7 ,breech and ,barrel ,casings1 and ,ejector ,tube ,spring4 ,rest the barrel casing on a table or bench1 with the filling hole uppermost1 and the breech casing clear of the bench2 place the left hand under the breech casing and strike the top edges alternately with a mallet1 when the casings will come apart4 ,lift the ejector tube spring with the point of the screwdriver and tap out the spring with the drift and hammer4 7,in converted guns remove fixing wire and unscrew fixing screws47 ,,note4--,the breech and barrel casings should only be separated when repairs are necessary4 ,care must be taken not to strike the barrel casing1 and the blows should be struck as close to the dovetailing as possible4 7xi7 ,lock4 7a7 ,release the lock spring1 lay the lock on a bench1 left side uppermost4 ,drive out the sear1 tumbler1 and lock spring axis pins4 7b7 ,remove the keeper bracket1 extractor levers1 lock spring1 tumbler1 firing pin1 and sear4 7c7 ,drive out the trigger axis pin1 extractor stop keeper pin1 remove the trigger1 extractor stop1 and slide the extractor from the face of the lock casing4 7d7 ,push out the gib spring cover1 take out the gib spring and gib4 7e7 ,drive out the extractor spring fixing pin1 and remove the extractor spring4 7,in converted guns the extractor spring is riveted to the extractor47 ,,note4--7e7 should only be done in case of breakage4 7xii7 ,feed ,block4 7a7 ,drive out the spring fixing pin of the top and bottom levers1 drive out the bottom lever and remove the top lever and slide4 7b7 ,drive out the axis pin of the bottom pawls and remove pawls with feed block spring4 7,in converted guns unscrew fixing screws and remove feed block springs47 7c7 ,drive out the fixing pin of the band roller axis pin1 remove the collar1 axis pin1 and band roller4 7d7 ,remove the top pawls from the slide by pressing them outwards4 ,the springs for the pawls1 if weak or broken1 are only to be removed by an armourer or qualified artificer4 7xiii7 ,tangent ,sight4 7a7 ,remove the top fixing screw of the graduated plate4 7b7 ,run the slide off the stem4 7c7 ,remove the fixing screw of the milled head1 and lift the latter off the slide4 7d7 ,remove the fixing pin1 pawl and pinion from the slide4 7e7 ,place the milled head1 face upwards1 on a bench2 then with a drift1 applied to the rectangular nib on the spring slide1 knock the latter down flush with the face1 when it can be lifted out with the pliers4 7xiv7 ,rear ,crosspiece4 7a7 ,drive out the axis pin of the firing lever1 and remove the latter with its spiral spring4 7b7 ,drive out the axis pin of the safety catch1 and lift out the latter1 also the piston and spring from their seating4 7c7 ,remove the pivot screw and shutter4 7d7 ,unscrew1 from the handles1 the milled heads with their leather washers and oil brushes4 ,,examination ,,and ,,testing4 ,before assembling the gun all parts should be tried in their places separately to see that they work freely1 and test friction of recoiling portions as follows3-- ,cock lock1 remove fusee spring box and spring1 turn crank handle upwards1 hold it with right hand and fusee with left1 move recoiling portion1 with gun horizontal1 backwards and forwards1 to see that it works freely and that barrel goes home4 ,weight necessary to move recoiling portion should not exceed #d lbs4 7converted guns #g lbs47 tested by placing loop of spring balance over knob of crank handle1 and pulling to rear when handle is slightly above the horizontal4 ,,assembling ,,the ,,gun4 ,reverse all the foregoing operations with the exception that the recoiling portions must be replaced before the packing and packing gland4 ,in order to assemble the barrel and breech casings1 they will have to be turned upside-down--i4e41 the filling hole down1 and the bottom plate of breech casing uppermost--they should be positioned by the crosshead joint pin4 ,care must be taken that the ejector tube spring is in position before joining the casings together4 ,when assembling the feed block the longer of the two bottom pawls must always be placed at the front4 ,when assembling the tangent sight1 it will be found convenient to place the slide on the stem before attaching the milled head2 in this position the pinion is prevented from turning with the pawl when engaging the arms of the slide spring outside the lugs in the pawl4 ,,replacement ,,of ,,defective ,,parts ,,of ,,the ,,lock4 ,should any of the components belonging to the lock become defective they can be replaced from the spare parts1 without stripping the lock right down4 ,proceed as follows3-- 7i7 ,sear4 ,fully cock1 lift the sear1 and let the firing pin engage with the tumbler and trigger2 with the lock on the bench1 left side up1 drive out the sear axis pin1 and remove the sear with its spring4 7ii7 ,tumbler4 ,fully cock1 thus engaging the firing pin with the sear2 drive out the axis pin of tumbler1 pull the trigger slightly1 and lift out the tumbler4 ,,note4--,care should be taken not to allow the screwed head to lift the sear when once the tumbler has been removed4 7iii7 ,trigger1 ,lock ,spring or ,extractor ,levers4 ,release the lock spring1 drive out the lock spring axis pin1 remove the keeper bracket1 extractor levers and lock spring2 if the trigger is defective1 drive out the trigger axis pin and remove the trigger4 7iv7 ,firing ,pin4 ,proceed as for 7iii71 but do not remove the trigger4 ,remove the tumbler axis pin and tumbler1 raise the sear1 push the screwed head out of its way1 and the firing pin will drop out4 7v7 ,gib1 ,gib ,spring1 or ,extractor ,spring4 ,this will necessitate the removal of the extractor from the face of the lock casing4 ,release the lock spring1 drive out the lock spring axis pin1 remove the keeper bracket and extractor levers2 next drive out the keeper pin of the extractor stop1 remove the latter1 and slide the extractor off the lock casing3 push out the gib spring cover1 and remove the spring or gib as the case may be4 ,if the extractor spring requires replacing1 drive out its fixing pin and remove4 ,,note4--,the serviceable components are replaced in the reverse order4 ,,stoppages4 #a4 ,temporary4 ,due to 7a7 ,failure of some part of the gun of which a duplicate is carried1 or faulty ammunition2 7b7 neglect on the part of member or members of the detachment4 ,a high standard of training will avoid this4 #b4 ,prolonged4 ,due to failure of some part of the gun which cannot1 as a rule1 be put right under fire1 or without skilled assistance4 ,in addition to the instructions in the 8stoppage0 table1 the following points should be observed3-- #a4 ,if1 when the cover is opened to investigate cause of stoppage1 it is seen that extractor is not quite up1 no attempt should be made to raise it4 ,it should be first pushed down before the crank handle is turned over to the front1 as by this means all risk of firing a cartridge accidentally is avoided4 #b4 ,when a temporary stoppage necessitates the employment of the spare lock1 feed block1 etc41 the part which has been removed should be repaired as soon as possible1 making it again available as a reserve4 #c4 ,should it ever be necessary to release the lock spring1 with the lock out of gear1 this should be done with the extractor fully up1 and firing pin hole opposite firing pin4 #d4 ,as the clearing of a stoppage often knocks the sights off the aiming mark1 care should be taken that the gun is immediately relaid4 ,,table ,,of ,,stoppages4 ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,,iv4 ,position of crank,immediate action4 ,probable cause4 ,prevention of handle and its recurrence4 indication4 ,,first 7i7 ,turn the ,the extractor has crank handle on not dropped4 ,this to the buffer may be due to3-- spring1 pull the belt to the left front1 and let go the crank handle4 ,indication4 7a7 ,too heavy ,the lock is fusee spring4 unable to come back far enough to allow the extractor to drop4 7ii7 ,if failure 7b7 ,excessive 7b7 ,clean and recurs1 lighten friction1 due to oil working fusee spring by want of oil2 gritparts4 ,examine three 8turns40 or tight pockets the belt1 which in the belt1 or should be dried excessive packingif damp2 or if in cannelure or the stoppage is packing gland4 due to a new or stiff belt1 the pockets should be plugged4 ,if due to excessive packing1 examine and repack cannelure or packing gland4 7c7 ,partial loss of the force of the explosion due to-- 7i7 ,worn barrel4 7ii7 ,defective 7c7 7i7 ,the ammunition4 barrel should be examined at the first opportunity1 and if much worn in the lead should be changed4 ,,second4 7i7 ,force the 7i7 7a7 ,damaged crank handle on cartridge4 ,the to the buffer cartridge is spring4 ,open the unable to enter cover and examinethe chamber the cartridge on completely1 the face of the although it has extractor4 ,if a commenced to do damaged so4 cartridge1 or an undamaged cartridge with the front portion of a separated case adhering to it1 clear the face of the extractor and re-load4 ,indication4 7b7 ,separated ,the lock is case with front unable to go portion adhering fully home after to undamaged recoil4 cartridge4 7ii7 ,if an 7ii7 ,separated 7b7 ,if a undamaged case4 ,the front succession of cartridge with noportion of the separated cases front portion of case causes an occur the separated case obstruction and connecting rod adhering to it isprevents the nextmust be found on the facecartridge from lengthened4 of the extractor1going into the 7,see para4 #hb47 clear the face ofchamber4 the extractor and replace the lock1 keeping the crank handle on the buffer spring4 ,take the clearing plug 7seeing that the centre pin is back7 and insert it into the chamber4 ,push the pin well home by allowing the lock to go forward4 ,then keeping a firm pressure on the crank handle1 give the clearing plug a rocking motion2 withdraw the lock2 lever back the handle of the clearing plug1 withdraw it 7seeing that the front portion of the separated case is on the clearing plug7 and re-load4 ,,third4 ,indication4 7i7 ,strike the 7i7 7a7 ,too 7i7 7b7 ,clean ,the extractor is crank handle on light fusee and oil working unable to rise toto check lever byspring4 parts4 its highest a glancing blow position4 with the palm of ,if the feed blockthe hand4 ,if slide is jammed1 failure recurs1 there is a fault strengthen the in feed4 fusee spring by three turns4 7b7 ,excessive friction4 ,,note4--,if the continued strengthening of the fusee spring results in the crank handle stopping in the first position1 change the lock1 putting the fusee spring back to normal2 if failure recurs take muzzle attachment into use4 7,see para4 #dd47 7ii7 ,if 7i7 7ii7 ,a cartridge 7ii7 ,carefully fails1 slightly is fed up examine the belt4 raise the crank slightly handle1 pull the crossways1 or a belt to the left long brass strip front1 let go theis bent4 crank handle1 and then strike it down on the check lever4 7iii7 ,a4 ,if 7i7 7iii7 ,a4 7#a7 7iii7 ,a4 7#a7 and 7ii7 fail1 ,badly filled ,carefully examine examine feed belt1 or a belt the new belt4 block slide4 ,if with worn or jammed1 ,no4 #a loose pockets4 holds up the ,the cartridges crank handle and projecting opens the cover4 unevenly from the ,no4 #b1 with the belt prevent it assistance of ,no4entering or #a1 removes the passing freely feed block1 and through the feed replaces it by block4 the spare one4 ,meanwhile ,no4 #a forces down the horns of the extractor1 and places the crank handle on the buffer spring4 ,as soon as the spare feed block is in position1 ,no4 #a closes the cover and pulls the top cartridge of a fresh belt into position and lets go the crank handle4 7iii7 ,a4 7#b7 ,belt7iii7 ,a4 7#b7 ,see box not being in that the new belt line with the box is in line4 feed block2 the belt does not lead up correctly to the feed block and becomes jammed4 ,,note4--,the effect of a fault in feed is that the top pawls1 being engaged behind a cartridge in the belt1 are held fast when some obstruction1 such as above1 prevents the belt from passing freely through the feed block4 ,the recoiling portions1 being connected by the top and bottom levers to the slide1 are arrested and prevented from going home4 ,the distance they are held back depends upon the point at which the obstruction asserts itself4 7iii7 ,b4 ,if free17iii7 ,b4 7#a7 ,no4 #a opens the ,damaged cartridge cover4 ,no4 #b grooves4 forces down the horns of the extractor4 ,no4 #a clears the face of the extractor1 and changes the lock4 ,he removes the cartridge in positioning the feed block and re-loads4 7#b7 ,broken gib spring4 7#c7 ,broken gib4 ,in these cases the extractor is prevented from rising to its highest position4 ,it may be necessary sometimes to slide the cartridge or the empty case upwards1 when clearing the face of the extractor4 7#d7 ,thick-rimmed cartridge4 ,,note4--,if it is apparent that the stoppage is due to a thick-rimmed cartridge1 it will not be necessary to change the lock4 ,,fourth4 7a7 ,turn the 7a7 7#a7 ,no crank handle on cartridge in the to the buffer chamber4 spring1 pull the belt to the left front1 and let go the crank handle4 ,indication4 7#b7 ,defective ,that there has ammunition4 been no explosion1 or1 if any1 that there has been little or no recoil1 the lock remaining in its forward position4 7b7 ,if 7a7 7b7 7#a7 ,broken fails1 place the or damaged firing crank handle on pin4 to the buffer spring twice1 change the lock1 and re-load4 7#b7 ,broken lock spring4 ,,note4--,if the continued lightening of the fusee spring results in the crank handle stopping in the third position1 take muzzle attachment into use1 and put fusee spring back to normal weight 7see para4 #dd74 ,,note4--,worn or damaged side or extractor levers may result in the extractor being unable to rise1 or if the side levers are bent1 there may either be a succession of separated cases1 or the lock may become jammed4 ,the causes of prolonged stoppages are so varied that they cannot be set out in detail4 ,the following are amongst the most probable1 and the detachment should be thoroughly trained to recognize them and to apply such remedy as lies in their power pending a permanent repair3-- 7i7 ,broken ,cover ,springs4 ,the extractor may not drop when the lock is drawn back1 and the gun will stop with the crank handle in the first position4 ,this may possibly be overcome by liberal oiling of the lock1 but in any case single shots can be fired by holding the crank handle forward until the extractor drops by its own weight4 7ii7 ,broken ,ejector ,tube ,spring1 ,causing either a block in the ejector tube or an accumulation of empty cases in the breech casing4 ,it may be found possible to keep the gun in action if care is taken to prevent the latter4 7iii7 ,cotter working out1 ,thus causing the screwed head and connecting rod to become separated4 ,to remedy proceed as follows3-- 7a7 ,take out the cotter4 7,this will be found either on the crank or at the bottom of the breech casing47 7b7 ,press down the screwed head with a large screwdriver to lock the cock4 7c7 ,turn the screwdriver edgeways and insert it behind the horns of the extractor and between the face of the barrel and front of the lock flange1 and force the lock to the rear4 7d7 ,turn crank handle on to the buffer spring1 press down the extractor1 raise the lock and remove the live cartridge1 then lift out the lock4 7iv7 ,damaged ,parts of the ,lock1 no ,spare ,part being available4 ,the gun will fire without the sear1 or if the bents of the sear or firing pin are badly worn or broken off1 but only single shots1 and only by pressing and releasing the double button quickly4 ,the gun will also fire if the nose of the trigger or bent of the tumbler is badly worn or broken off1 but only rapid firing4 ,in this case the gun will fire the instant the crank handle reaches the check level1 although the double button has not been pressed4 ,the gun can be worked as follows3-- 7a7 ,group the cartridges in the belt1 say #bj or #cj rounds each group4 7b7 ,lay the gun before commencing to load1 place crank handle on buffer spring1 pull belt to left and let handle go2 repeat1 but before allowing the handle to reach check lever and the gun to fire1 grip the rear crosspiece with left hand to control gun in the ordinary way4 ,if necessary firing can be stopped by throwing the filled end of the belt over the breech casing to the left4 ,when the firing has been stopped as described above1 hold the crank handle with the right hand1 open the cover1 press down the horns of the extractor1 draw the lock back1 and1 if there is a live cartridge on the face of the extractor1 remove the feed block and belt1 close the cover1 and allow the lock to fly forward1 when the live cartridge1 which is on the face of the extractor1 will be fired automatically4 ,the lock can then be changed with safety4 ,on no account should the lock be allowed to fly forward until the feed block has been removed and the cover shut4 ,if1 on drawing the lock back1 it is found that there is no live cartridge on its face1 the lock may be changed at once1 and the necessity for removing the feed block and the subsequent precautions will not arise4 7v7 ,gunmetal ,valve ,working ,loose4 ,this will prevent the barrel from going home4 ,it may be temporarily remedied by tapping it round with a hammer and punch1 but it should be tightened at the earliest opportunity with the gib key1 the barrel being removed from the gun4 #cjc-;inch ,vickers ,gun4 ,explanation of ,plates ,,iv and ,v4 ,similar numbers indicate corresponding parts in all the plates4 #a4 ,casing1 barrel4 #b4 ,tube1 steam4 #c4 ,bracket1 foresight4 #d4 ,gland4 #e4 ,casing1 breech4 #f4 ,cover1 front4 #g4 ,cover1 rear4 #h4 ,sight1 tangent4 #i4 ,bar1 trigger4 #aj4 ,lock1 rear cover4 #aa4 ,rear-crosspiece4 #ab4 ,lever1 firing4 #ac4 ,lever1 trigger bar4 #ad4 ,catch1 safety4 #ae4 ,plugs1 screwed4 #af4 #ag4 ,protector1 screwed1 condenser boss4 #ah4 ,plug1 cork4 #ai4 ,guide1 front barrel bearing4 #bj4 ,crosshead4 #ba4 ,cams1 right and left4 #bb4 ,steps of cams1 right and left4 #bc4 ,catch1 front cover4 #bd4 ,pin1 screwed1 joint cover4 #be4 ,pin-,t1 fixing1 rear-crosspiece4 #bf4 ,pin1 screwed1 fixing1 crank handle4 #bg4 ,slides1 right and left4 #bh4 ,roller4 #bi4 ,pin1 screwed1 joint1 rear-crosspiece4 #cj4 ,bracket1 check lever4 #ca4 ,lever1 check4 #cb4 ,bracket1 elevating joint4 #cc4 ,stop1 mounting4 #cd4 ,plate1 bottom1 breech casing4 #ce4 ,shutter1 sliding4 #cf4 ,hooks of front cover catch4 #cg4 ,hole for keeper pin1 front cover catch4 #ch4 ,lever of catch1 front cover4 #ci4 ,grooves in front cover catch to clear 8#cf40 #dj4 ,plunger1 front cover catch4 #da4 ,bridge1 rear cover4 #db4 ,spring tangent sight4 ,piston #dc4 ,grooves in rear cover for ribs on 8#e40 #dd4 ,ramps1 rear cover4 #de4 ,spring1 rear cover lock4 #df4 ,spring1 trigger bar4 #dg4 ,lug on trigger bar for 8#df40 #dh4 ,base of tangent sight stem4 #di4 ,hooks of rear cover lock4 #ej4 ,lug on rear cover lock for 8#de40 #ea4 ,slot in trigger bar for 8#hf40 #eb4 ,lug on trigger bar for 8#ac40 #ec4 ,thumbpiece1 sliding shutter catch4 #ed4 #ee4 ,plunger1 sliding shutter catch4 #ef4 ,arms of rear-crosspiece4 #eg4 ,grips1 rear-crosspiece4 #eh4 ,pawl1 firing lever4 #ei4 ,spring1 safety catch1 with piston4 #fj4 ,pin1 screwed axis1 safety catch4 #fj;,a4 ,finger grips1 safety catch4 #fa4 ,pin1 screwed1 axis1 firing lever4 #fb4 ,thumbpiece1 firing lever4 #fc4 #fd4 ,pin1 keeper1 check lever4 #fe4 ,piston1 check lever4 ,spring1 #ff4 ,recess in check lever for 8#fe40 #fg4 ,barrel4 #fh4 ,casing1 lock4 #fi4 ,plate1 side1 right4 #gj4 ,crank4 #ga4 ,handle1 crank4 #ga;,a4 ,tail of crank handle4 #ga;,b4 ,knob of crank handle4 #gb4 ,rod1 connecting4 #gb;,a4 ,stem of connecting rod4 #gc4 ,fusee4 #gc;,a4 ,chain1 fusee4 #gd4 ,spring1 fusee4 #gd;,a4 ,hook1 fusee spring4 #ge4 ,box1 fusee spring4 #ge;,a4 ,screw1 adjusting1 fusee spring4 #gf4 ,block1 feed4 #gg4 ,cannelure in 8#fg0 for asbestos packing4 #gh4 ,trunnion block1 barrel4 #gi4 ,lock4 #hj4 ,levers1 side 7pair74 #ha4 ,socket of side levers for 8#gb;,a40 #hb4 ,extractor4 #hc4 ,gib4 #hd4 ,spring1 gib4 #he4 ,cover1 gib spring4 #hf4 ,trigger4 #hg4 ,lever1 extractor1 right4 #hh4 ,tumbler4 #hi4 ,spring1 lock4 #ij4 ,pin1 firing4 #ia4 ,sear4 #ib4 ,spring1 sear4 #ic4 ,flanges of lock casing4 #id4 ,interruptions in flanges of lock casing4 #ie4 ,slots in lock casing for 8#ii40 #if4 ,bearings on lock casing for 8#hj40 #ig4 ,upper extractor stop of lock casing4 #ih4 ,bent of extractor lever for 8#hj40 #ii4 ,lugs on side levers for 8#ie40 #ajj4 ,bush1 axis1 side levers4 #aja4 ,pin1 split1 keeper1 bush1 axis1 side levers4 #ajb4 ,horns of extractor4 #ajb;,a4 ,grooves in extractor for 8#gi40 #ajc4 ,shoulders of extractor for 8#hg40 #ajd4 ,grooves in extractor for side plate springs4 #aje4 ,hole in extractor for 8#ij40 #ajf4 ,recess in extractor for 8#hc40 #ajg4 ,pin1 axis1 trigger4 #ajh4 ,pin1 axis1 tumbler4 #aji4 ,key of pin1 axis1 tumbler4 #aaj4 ,projection on firing pin for 8#hi40 #aaa4 ,lever1 top1 feed block4 #aab4 ,lever1 bottom1 feed block4 #aac4 ,pins1 split1 fixing1 top and bottom levers1 feed block4 #aad4 ,stud of top lever for feed block slide4 #aad;,a4 ,slide1 feed block4 #aae4 ,pawl1 top1 feed block1 rear4 #aae;,a4 ,thumb grips of 8#aae0 and 8#aaf40 #aaf4 ,pawl1 top1 feed block1 front4 #aag4 ,spring1 top pawls1 feed block4 #aah4 ,pawls1 bottom1 feed block 7pair74 #aai4 ,pin1 axis1 bottom pawl1 feed block4 #abj4 ,finger plate of bottom pawls1 feed block4 #aba4 ,spring1 bottom pawls1 feed block4 #abb4 ,cup1 muzzle attachment4 #abc4 ,casing1 outer1 muzzle attachment4 #abd4 ,cone1 front1 muzzle attachment4 #abe4 ,gland1 muzzle attachment4 #abf4 ,screw1 clamping1 cup1 muzzle attachment4 #abg4 ,disc1 muzzle attachment4 #abh4 ,vent1 bullet1 muzzle attachment4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,,iv4 ,,vickers ,,gun4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,v4 ,,vickers ,,gun4 ,,vickers ,,light ,,machine ,,gun4 ,the principal features are as in ,maxim with the following exceptions3-- ,total weight1 ready for firing1 is #ch lbs4 7,maxim1 #fg lbs474 ,length1 width and depth slightly less than ,maxim4 ,barrel casing is of corrugated steel 7affording greater cooling surface74 ,rear end of barrel--i4e41 chamber--goes back into barrel casing1 thus greatly assisting cooling of barrel where it is most essential4 ,foresight is blade pattern1 with protector4 ,no ejector tube or spring1 there being an opening at bottom of breech casing through which empty cases fall4 7,shutter requires to be opened before commencing firing47 ,tangent sight is #b in4 nearer rear end of breech casing and is ,u pattern4 ,there is no buffer spring or resistance piece4 ,an elevating stop on outside of left-hand plate1 this preventing the bracket head of the mounting damaging the fusee spring box4 ,no stud for the shoulder piece4 ,connecting rod has an adjusting nut and washers4 ,crank handle revolves in the opposite direction to ,maxim4 ,lock is inverted and joined to connecting rod by an interrupted flange4 ,lock has no extractor spring1 as cases fall off extractor when clear of barrel4 ,lock can be easily stripped with the hand screw which forms the axis pin of the trigger bar lever4 ,top pawls are made with finger pieces1 and can be pressed down by hand to allow belt to be released1 having only one spring1 which is removable4 ,fusee spring can be adjusted without removing box1 as the vice pin of screw is loose4 ,fusee has a clutch fixture1 and is easily removable4 ,no tools required to strip lock or change barrel4 ,gun cannot be fired unless cover is down4 ,greater general strength1 especially in recoiling portions4 ,sighted to #b1ijj yards4 ,,to ,,mount ,,and ,,dismount ,,gun4 ,as for ,maxim 7page #af74 ,,to ,,load ,,and ,,unload ,,gun4 ,to ,load ,gun4 ,pass tag end of belt through feed block from right side4 ,pull crank handle on to roller with right hand4 ,pull belt straight through as far as it will go with left hand4 ,let go crank handle2 the first cartridge will then be gripped by extractor4 ,repeat as above2 the first cartridge will then be in chamber and another gripped by upper part of extractor4 ,gun is then ready for firing4 ,to ,unload ,gun4 ,pull crank handle on to roller twice in succession 7without pulling belt71 letting it fly forward to check lever each time4 ,press up bottom pawls and remove belt from feed block1 then release lock spring4 ,,to ,,clean4 ,as for ,maxim 7page #ag74 ,,muzzle ,,attachment4 ,a steel muzzle attachment for ball firing is provided to assist recoil4 ,when attachment is fitted on gun1 the gland replaces the packing gland4 ,the muzzle cup is fixed to barrel by a clamping screw1 body of which lies in a circular groove on barrel1 thus preventing muzzle cup from being blown off should clamping screw become loose4 ,outer casing is attached to gland by an interrupted flange and spring-keeper pin4 ,front cone screws into front end of outer casing1 and1 to protect its face from erosion1 is covered by a thin steel disc1 which1 when badly eroded1 can be replaced by a spare one4 ,gland and front cone have flanges which are grooved to receive the combination tool provided for assembling and stripping purposes4 ,,fusee ,,spring4 ,on the left of breech casing there is a strong spiral spring called the fusee spring1 the rear end of which is connected by the fusee chain and fusee with the crank2 the fore-end is attached to the breech casing by means of the fusee spring box and adjusting screw1 which passes through the front end of fusee spring box1 and through the nut at the front end of spring4 ,the fusee spring can be adjusted without removing the box1 as the vice pin of the screw is loose4 ,this screw is kept in position by two nibs which fall into recesses1 by the tension of the fusee spring4 ,the fusee is attached to the crank by means of a stem and lugs1 and is easily removed4 ,to ,weigh and ,adjust ,fusee ,spring4 ,take out lock2 place loop of spring balance over knob of crank handle1 and1 standing on left side of gun1 press down check lever with left hand4 ,pull spring balance vertically up1 resting right wrist on breech casing4 ,the reading indicated when crank handle commences to move will be the weight of fusee spring4 ,this weight should be between #g and #i lbs4 ,if spring is over1 or not up to weight1 adjust by means of vice pin4 ,generally six clicks 7three revolutions7 make a difference of about #a lb4 ,adjust by -lbs4 as a rule4 ,turning vice pin clockwise increases weight and vice versa4 ,tension of spring should always be kept as high as possible1 consistent with maintaining normal rate of #ejj rounds per minute4 ,,to ,,strip ,,and ,,assemble ,,gun4 ,the gun is stripped in the following order3-- ,lock4 ,clear extractor by revolving crank handle twice2 pull crank handle on to roller2 raise rear cover1 place finger between extractor and stop1 lift lock1 at same time allowing crank handle to move slowly forward until lock is released from side plates4 ,give lock one-sixth of a turn in either direction and lift out4 ,feed ,block4 ,release front cover catch1 raise front cover1 and lift out4 ,fusee ,spring ,box4 ,with right hand at rear and left hand at front1 press box forward until clear of lugs and remove4 ,disconnect fusee chain and remove box and spring4 ,care should be taken to throw no cross strain on chain4 ,fusee4 ,turn fusee to rear until lugs on stem are free to be withdrawn4 ,ball ,firing ,attachment4 ,withdraw split pin4 ,give outer casing one-sixth turn and remove it4 ,unscrew front cone4 ,loosen clamping screw of muzzle cup and revolve cup till clamping screw coincides with flat on barrel4 ,remove muzzle cup4 ,unscrew and remove gland4 ,slides1 ,right and ,left4 ,raise rear cover1 unscrew rear crosspiece screwed fixing ,t-pin1 and hinge down rear crosspiece4 ,pull out sides4 ,recoiling ,portion4 ,draw recoiling portion out to rear4 ,disconnect side plates from barrel1 removing left one first 7for convenience only74 ,if necessary1 by taking out fixing pin1 crank handle can be driven off with a drift and hammer1 but as a rule this should not be stripped4 ,roller4 ,remove split fixing pin1 collar1 and roller4 ,to ,strip ,lock4 7a7 ,see that lock is cocked2 force out side lever split pin and axis bush4 ,remove side levers and extractor levers and slide extractor from front of lock casing4 7b7 ,release lock spring and push out the trigger and tumbler axis pins4 7c7 ,remove trigger1 tumbler1 lock spring1 firing pin and sear with spring4 ,to strip extractor1 push out gib spring cover and remove spring and gib4 ,tangent ,sight and ,spring4 7a7 ,remove top fixing screw of graduated plate4 7b7 ,run the slide off stem4 7c7 ,remove fixing screw of milled head and lift latter off slide4 7d7 ,remove fixing pin1 pawl1 and pinion from slide4 7e7 ,place the milled head1 face upwards1 on a bench2 then1 with small screwdriver applied to rectangular nib on slide spring1 knock latter down flush with face1 when it can be lifted out with pliers4 ,,examination ,,and ,,testing4 ,before assembling the gun all parts should be tried in their places separately to see that they work freely4 ,test friction of recoiling portions 7as ,maxim1 page #bb74 ,assembling4 ,reverse all foregoing operations with exception that recoiling portions must be replaced before packing and packing gland4 ,when assembling lock1 care must be taken that lock spring is replaced with lock in fired position1 and when all the other parts are assembled4 ,when assembling rear crosspiece see that pawl of firing lever engages with trigger bar lever4 ,when assembling tangent sight1 it will be found convenient to place slide on stem 7axis end7 before attaching the milled head2 in this position pinion is prevented from turning with pawl when engaging arms of spring outside lugs on pawl4 ,,replacement ,,of ,,defective ,,parts4 7,as ,maxim1 page #bb47 ,,stoppages4 7,as ,maxim1 page #bd47 ,,damaged ,,parts ,,of ,,lock1 c4 7,as ,maxim1 page #bi47 ,,points ,,to ,,be ,,attended ,,to4 ,before firing4 ,during firing4 ,after firing4 ,oil ,working and ,working parts during,bore immediately4 recoiling temporary portions4 cessation of fire4 ,in handles4 ,thorough clean in barracks4 ,test ,recoiling portions4 ,release lock spring4 ,fusee spring4 ,examine ,barrel4 ,clamps of tripod not,unload and clear loose4 extractor4 ,spare parts4 ,belt4 ,refill belts4 ,empty cases 7no live rounds amongst them74 ,water ,fill barrel casing4 ,watch consumption4 ,empty out4 ,add glycerine in frosty weather4 ,,belt ,,filling4 ,all numbers1 also drivers1 should be instructed and practised in belt filling by hand1 and also with the belt-filling machine1 as follows3-- ,belt ,filling by ,hand4 ,one ,man ,loading by ,hand4--,sit on the ground1 with the right foot doubled under the left thigh1 the left foot resting on the outer side and drawn towards the right knee4 ,place the belt on the left knee1 with the tag pointing to the right4 ,take hold of the first brass strip between the forefinger and thumb2 then with the remaining fingers and ball of the thumb1 hold the belt so that the pockets will remain open4 ,take five cartridges in the right hand1 insert into pockets1 taking care to avoid doubling over the thin edge of webbing4 ,now place the belt on the knee1 and1 placing the tips of the fingers on the front of the belt1 finally adjust the cartridges by pushing them forward with the thumb until the points of the bullets are in line with the ends of the long brass strips4 ,continue to load and adjust in fives1 and make a final inspection when placing the belt in the box4 ,belt ,filling by ,machine4 ,fix machine so that crank handle can be worked with right hand4 ,unfold loading tray and leg1 the tray being secured to the left of bed plate by pin1 the leg being made rigid by turning up the keeper plate on to the pin catch4 ,turn the steel guide plate 7on bed plate7 outwards4 ,pocket opener must be far enough back to clear the belt4 ,place belt behind roller and into belt guide4 ,edge of belt to be touching side of guide1 projecting end of long brass strips to point away from cartridge plunger1 and to pass under the steel guide4 ,pawl to lie on top of belt4 ,turn steel guide into position again and draw belt through with left hand until first pocket is opposite pocket opener4 ,fill hopper with cartridges and replenish as required4 ,revolve crank handle continuously 7not too fast7 until belt is filled4 7,a light pressure should be kept on the belt with the left hand until the weight of the filled portion is sufficient to assist the pawl47 ,the ,lewis ,automatic ,machine ,gun4 ,,list ,,of ,,parts4 #a4 ,butt plate4 #b4 ,butt plate screws 7#b74 #c4 ,buttstock4 #d4 ,butt tang screw4 #e4 ,butt tang4 #g4 ,butt latch4 #h4 ,back sight bed spring4 #i4 ,back sight bed spring screw4 #aj4 ,butt latch spring4 #aa4 ,back sight bed4 #ac4 ,feed cover4 #ad4 ,back sight leaf4 #bj4 ,back sight slide4 #ba4 ,ejector4 #bb4 ,guard side pieces 7#b74 #bc4 ,back sight axis pin washer4 #bd4 ,back sight axis pin4 #bf4 ,receiver4 #bg4 ,magazine pawls spring4 #bh4 ,stop pawl4 #bi4 ,rebound pawl4 #cj4 ,trigger4 #ca4 ,feed operating stud4 #cb4 ,safety 7right and left74 #cc4 ,trigger pin4 #cd4 ,feed operating arm4 #ce4 ,feed pawl4 #cf4 ,feed pawl spring4 #cg4 ,bolt4 #ch4 ,charging handle4 #ci4 ,guard4 #dj4 ,cartridge guide spring4 #da4 ,sear spring4 #db4 ,sear spring box4 #dc4 ,magazine pan4 #dd4 ,ejector cover4 #de4 ,extractors 7#b74 #df4 ,gear stop4 #dg4 ,striker fixing pin4 #dh4 ,gear stop pin4 #di4 ,gear stop spring4 #ej4 ,striker4 #ea4 ,cartridge spacer ring4 #eb4 ,gear4 #ec4 ,mainspring casing4 #ed4 ,magazine top plate rivets 7#f74 #ee4 ,mainspring4 #ef4 ,collet pin4 #eg4 ,mainspring collet4 #eh4 ,magazine centre4 #ei4 ,mainspring rivets 7#b74 #fj4 ,magazine latch spring4 #fa4 ,gear casing4 #fb4 ,magazine latch4 #fc4 ,centre key4 #fe4 ,gear case hinge pin4 #ff4 ,feed operating arm latch4 #fg4 ,magazine top plate4 #fh4 ,receiver lock pin4 #fi4 ,spacer ring rivets 7#e74 #gj4 ,interior separators 7#be74 #ga4 ,radiator casing rear1 locking piece4 #gb4 ,rack4 #gd4 ,radiator casing rear4 #ge4 ,piston connecting pin4 #gf4 ,barrel4 #gg4 ,gas cylinder4 #gh4 ,radiator4 #gi4 ,piston4 #hj4 ,regulator key stud4 #ha4 ,gas regulator key4 #hb4 ,gas chamber4 #hc4 ,gas chamber band4 #hd4 ,gas regulator cup4 #he4 ,clamp ring4 #hf4 ,front sight4 #hg4 ,clamp ring positioning screw4 #hh4 ,clamp ring screw4 #hi4 ,barrel mouthpiece4 #ij4 ,radiator casing front4 #ia4 ,sear 7rear74 #ib4 ,hand grip4 #ic4 ,oil well4 #id4 ,oil well cap4 #ie4 ,oil brush4 #if4 ,spade grip butt tang4 #ig4 ,deflector4 #ih4 ,deflector arm4 #ii4 ,deflector arm joint pin4 #ajj4 ,deflector clip4 #aja4 ,deflector clip joint pin4 #ajb4 ,deflector bracket4 #ajc4 ,deflector clamp screw4 #ajd4 ,deflector latch4 #aje4 ,deflector latch screw4 #ajf4 ,deflector clamp screw washer4 #ajg4 ,deflector clamp screw stop nut4 #ajh4 ,shell catcher bag4 #aji4 ,mounting yoke4 #aaj4 ,mounting yoke clamp4 #aaa4 ,mounting yoke bronze pillar4 #aab4 ,mounting yoke pillar screw4 #aac4 ,mounting yoke clamp hinge pin4 #aad4 ,mounting yoke clamp pin4 #aae4 ,mounting yoke clamp key4 #aaf4 ,back sight elevating screw4 #aag4 ,back sight elevating screw head4 #aah4 ,back sight elevating screw head pin4 #aai4 ,back sight elevating screw head spring4 #abj4 ,sear pin4 #aba4 ,butt latch pin4 #abb4 ,mounting yoke pillar hinge pin4 #abc4 ,mounting yoke chain4 #abd4 ,mounting standard4 #abe4 ,light field mount bottom cross brace4 #abf4 ,light field mount centre post4 #abg4 ,light field mount feet 7#b74 #abh4 ,light field mount front legs 7#b74 #abi4 ,light field mount front yoke4 #acj4 ,light field mount knuckle joint4 #aca4 ,light field mount knuckle joint pin4 #acb4 ,light field mount rear brace4 #acc4 ,light field mount ,t joint1 centre4 #acd4 ,light field mount ,t joint1 side 7#b74 #ace4 ,light field mount top lug4 #acf4 ,barrel mouthpiece spanner4 #acg4 ,magazine filling handle4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,,vi4 ,,lewis ,,automatic ,,machine ,,gun4 ,description4 ,the gun complete weighs #be lbs4 and can be withdrawn from its leather case and put into action immediately4 ,there are only #fb parts in the gun proper--these cannot be wrongly assembled1 and require no adjustment4 ,no water is used for cooling purposes1 the steel barrel being closely fitted with a jacket of aluminium having deeply-cut grooves throughout its length4 ,over this is a thin tubular steel casing1 the muzzle end of which extends 7in reduced diameter7 beyond the end of barrel1 the special shaped mouthpiece screwed to the end of barrel serving the double purpose of firmly securing the radiator in place and of directing the powder blast of each discharge as to greatly increase the 8ejector action0 of this blast in sucking cool air through the grooves of the radiator4 ,the system is so effective that the gun is found to give a slightly greater velocity to the bullet than can be obtained from the same length of barrel in a shoulder arm firing the same ammunition4 ,there is no excessive recoil and the gun can be used with or without mount4 ,the gun is fed from a rotating drum magazine1 which is controlled by the reciprocating breech mechanism4 ,shell ,deflector4 ,the shell deflector is an attachment for controlling the ejection of empty cartridge cases4 ,it is very readily and quickly attached1 and when in position can be instantly swung back out of the way so that the inside of the gun may be examined or any part of the mechanism got at4 ,light ,folding ,field ,mount4 ,is a three-and-a-half-pound folding mount adapted for general use with infantry and cavalry4 ,the mount is surprisingly rigid1 and permits of very accurate shooting4 ,both front and rear mounting yokes1 connected through centre post and rear brace1 are pivoted about the axis of the centre post1 so that the gun is always free to traverse4 ,the gun is also free to turn within the yokes1 so that the sights may always be kept vertical1 no matter what the position of the feet4 ,when the mount is attached1 it is often convenient to use the rear brace as a handle for carrying the gun4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,,vii4 ,light ,folding ,field ,mount ,complete4 ,to ,put ,gun into ,action4 ,when a loaded magazine is dropped into place over the magazine post1 and the charging handle pulled to the rear as far as it will go and then released1 the gun is put into action by a pull on the trigger1 and continues to fire until the finger pressure on the trigger is released1 or until the magazine is empty4 ,single ,shots4 ,when the trigger is pulled once and very quickly released a single shot is fired1 this may be repeated at will until the magazine is empty4 ,semi-,automatic ,fire4 ,within the limits of the magazine capacity the gun continues to fire so long as the trigger is held back1 and stops firing whenever the trigger is released4 ,full ,automatic ,fire4 ,continued pressure on the trigger results in full automatic fire1 which need be interrupted only by the four seconds interval required to replace emptied magazines by loaded ones4 ,during firing1 before the magazine has been emptied1 the gun stops at the beginning of the forward stroke1 in the 8ready to feed0 position4 ,in this position the action is open and the chamber empty1 but firing can be resumed on pulling the trigger4 ,general ,note4 ,before ,firing4--,see to it that bore is clear1 working parts properly lubricated1 and that tension of main spring is sufficient to avoid missfires4 ,after ,firing4--,see that gun is immediately unloaded1 and that bore1 working parts1 and bearing surfaces are carefully examined1 cleaned1 and properly lubricated as soon as possible4 ,it is especially important to oil piston head and inside of gas cylinder2 and to remove oil1 and replace gas regulator cup4 ,burrs found raised on any working part should be removed1 and any roughening on a bearing surface should be smoothed down with fine emery or an oilstone4 ,,to ,,strip ,,and ,,assemble4 ,the gun may be taken apart starting with the mechanism in any position1 but it is best1 whenever practicable1 to see that the magazine is removed1 the chamber empty1 and the charging handle at the extreme forward end of its stroke1 before commencing to dissemble4 ,if this procedure is followed there will be no need to readjust the mainspring tension or to make any other adjustment when the gun is reassembled4 ,stripping4 ,to dissemble gun1 insert point of a bullet into slot leading to butt latch and push forward against force of butt latch spring4 ,at the same time twist buttstock up and to left1 then remove by withdrawing it to the rear4 ,this removes buttstock group which should not be further dissembled4 ,next1 hold back trigger and pull back guard until clear of receiver4 ,this removes guard1 which contains trigger mechanism and butt latch4 ,pull down gear casing until it drops clear of rack4 ,pull back charging handle until it reaches end of slot1 then withdraw by pulling it out away from receiver4 ,withdraw operating rod complete and bolt complete by pulling them both together to rear until clear of receiver4 ,with point of a bullet push back on receiver lock pin1 then twist receiver up and to left and unscrew it from barrel4 ,the foregoing operations divide the gun into convenient groups4 ,,detailed ,,stripping4 ,buttstock ,group4 ,it is best never to strip this group1 but if found necessary1 the screws securing buttplate and butt tang to buttstock are readily removed4 ,receiver ,group4 ,see that the feed operating arm is pushed to the right1 then pull back and remove feed cover4 ,feed ,cover4--,from the feed cover the stop pawl1 rebound pawl and cartridge guide spring are readily removed with the point of a bullet4 ,back ,sight4--,the back sight may be stripped from feed cover by removing bed spring screw4 ,feed ,operating ,arm4--,remove feed operating arm complete1 by pushing forward on feed operating arm latch and then lifting clear of magazine post4 ,the feed pawl and feed pawl spring are removed from feed operating arm by lifting them clear of the studs4 ,the latch should not be removed4 ,ejector4--,with the point of a bullet lift and pull out ejector cover and the ejector4 ,safety4--,the safeties may be prised out of the receiver with a bullet point4 ,gear case hinge pin and centre key are permanently assembled and should not be removed4 ,gear ,casing4--,push forward and remove receiver lock pin and unhook gear casing from gear case hinge pin4 ,mainspring ,group4 ,to strip completely the parts assembled in gear casing1 raise the gear stop with the point of a bullet1 and allow mainspring to unwind4 ,gear4--,then unscrew the collet pin and shake out gear4 ,mainspring4--,pushing with a bullet through the gear against mainspring collet forces out mainspring casing from which mainspring1 with its locating rivets and mainspring collet1 may also be removed by the use of a bullet4 ,gear ,stop4--,the gear stop and gear stop spring should not be stripped1 but in case of necessity they may be removed by driving out the gear stop pin4 ,guard ,group4 ,the assembled guard contains trigger mechanism and butt latch4 ,to strip1 punch out trigger pin and sear pin4 ,trigger4--,pull back trigger and lift out4 ,sear4--,remove sear1 sear spring box and sear spring4 ,butt ,latch4--,punch out butt latch pin and remove butt latch1 and butt latch spring4 ,in ordinary practice the guard group need never be stripped4 ,bolt and ,rod ,group4 ,the bolt and rod group comprises the bolt complete and operating rod complete4 ,these two assembled parts are withdrawn together from the receiver1 and may then be separated by lifting bolt clear of operating post on rod4 ,bolt ,complete4 ,feed ,operating ,stud4--,unscrew and remove feed operating stud from rear end of bolt4 ,extractors4--,the extractors are spring-tempered and are sprung into place4 ,to remove1 insert point of a bullet under extractor claw and push head of extractor out and away from bolt4 ,at the same time draw the whole extractor forward until it is clear of its seating4 ,operating ,rod ,complete4 ,not usually stripped4 ,piston4--,the piston connecting pin is riveted in place1 but may readily be punched out in case it is desired to remove piston4 ,striker4--,the striker may be withdrawn after punching out striker fixing pin4 ,barrel ,group4 ,gas ,regulator4--,lift out gas regulator key1 then unscrew and remove gas regulator cup4 ,clamp ,ring4--,using the gas regulator key as a tool1 unscrew clamp ring screw and remove clamp ring which carries front sight and clamp ring positioning screw4 ,radiator ,casing4--,pull forward radiator casing front1 and pull back radiator casing rear which is permanently assembled to radiator casing rear locking piece4 ,gas ,cylinder4--,unscrew and remove gas cylinder1 using operating rod as a wrench4 ,gas ,chamber4--,unscrew gas chamber1 using1 if necessary1 barrel mouthpiece wrench4 ,barrel ,mouthpiece4--,unscrew barrel mouthpiece4 ,thread is left-handed4 ,barrel4--,drive out barrel from radiator4 ,this operation may conveniently be accomplished before removing barrel mouthpiece by unscrewing latter part way and then allowing barrel and radiator to drop from a height of two or three feet on to a solid piece of wood1 striking on front end of barrel mouthpiece4 ,the weight of the radiator dropping from this height will usually loosen barrel sufficiently so that it can be withdrawn by hand from radiator after mouthpiece has been removed4 ,gas ,chamber ,band4--,lift out gas chamber band from its recess in radiator4 ,assembling4 ,by reversing the operations for stripping the assembling of gun is readily and quickly carried out4 ,the following points1 however1 should be noted3-- #a4 ,be sure that gas chamber band is correctly inserted into its place in the radiator before barrel is pushed home1 and that barrel is turned with gas port at bottom4 #b4 ,in replacing bolt and operating rod the cam slot in bolt is slipped over striker and feed operating stud is screwed into bolt as far as it will go4 #c4 ,after inserting bolt1 rod1 and charging handle1 the charging handle is carried forward to extreme end of its stroke before gear casing is swung up into place and rack engaged4 #d4 ,the mainspring is wound up by engaging the rack and gear1 disengaging the guard1 and pulling back on the charging handle until the required tension is obtained4 ,the gear is then disengaged1 charging handle moved completely forward1 gear re-engaged and guard pushed home4 #e4 ,to reduce tension of mainspring proceed as follows3-- ,remove buttstock4 ,disengage both guard and gear4 ,move charging handle part way back4 ,re-engage gear and guard4 ,replace buttstock4 ,,stoppages4 ,position of ,immediate action4 ,remedy4 ,cause4 ,c4,h4 ,forward3-- 7a7 ,turn magazine free ,magazine empty4 and change 7b7 ,if magazine is ,missfire or space fixed1 pull back or rotation not ,c4,h4 sufficient4 7c7 ,if recur1 change ,examine rim of old ,faulty feed due to magazine magazine damaged rim4 ,feed arm pawl4 ,stop,feed arm pawl1 or pawls stop pawl4 7d7 ,if missfire on ,if too ,weak or broken pressing trigger light--adjust4 return spring4 examine return spring ,if ,damaged or broken broken--substitute striker4 ,if correct--change rod 7e7 ,if ,c4,h4 will not ,if dirty--clean ,dirt4 come back pull back with wooden handle ,if hot--cool ,c4,h4 back ,pull ,c4,h4 back with ,bulged cartridge slightly wooden handle or 7should never get pull through into magazine47 ,separated case 7unknown as yet74 ,c4,h4 nearly,examine ejection back opening1 if clear pull ,c4,h4 back and carry on or1 back to,if return spring is,clean gas cylinder1,weak or broken full weak1 adjust or or piston rod and return spring4 extent change it oil up ,if it recurs1 ,friction in gas remove magazine cylinder or and gas regulator moving parts4 and fire4 ,after firing put back gas regulator1 with large hole to rear ,if empty case is ,if recurs1 examine ,weak or broken found1 pull crank extractor ejector extractors4 handle1 raise safety catch1 remove magazine and empty4 ,examine rim ,broken ejector4 ,if crank handle ,magazine not really jams remove home1 or rim magazine injured1 or catch broken4 ,if crank handle ,change if broken ,weak or broken flies forward1 cartridge guide insert new spring4 magazine1 otherwise examine cartridge guide spring ,the ,colt ,automatic ,gun 7#aiad ,,model47 ,weight of gun #ce lb4 tripod #eh ,length of barrel #bh in4 ,calibre #cjc4 ,rate of fire #djj shots per min4 ,the gun will swing horizontally through a complete circle of #cfj degrees4 ,the muzzle may be depressed #ci degrees and elevated #ca degrees1 giving a vertical range of #gj degrees4 ,the barrel1 which is detachable1 is connected with the breech casing in which the mechanism for charging1 firing and ejecting is contained4 ,cartridges are automatically fed into the gun by means of a belt containing #bej1 running from a box attached to the left side of the breech casing4 ,the automatic action of the gun is effected by means of the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel4 ,there is a small radial vent in the barrel near the muzzle1 opening downward from the bore4 ,this vent is closed by a piston which fits in the gas cylinder surrounding the outer edge of the vent4 ,the piston is pivoted to the gas lever so that it adjusts itself to the gas cylinder while the lever swings in a vertical plane4 ,the belt is inserted from the left2 the lever thrown downward and rearward as far as it will go4 ,this opens the breech and feeds the first cartridge from the belt to the carrier2 the lever is then released1 and the spring causes it to swing forward1 close the vent and transfer the cartridge from the carrier to the barrel2 also cocking the hammer1 closing and locking the breech4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,,viii4 ,gun mounted on ,tripod1 showing ,belt passing out4 7,right ,side47 ,on pulling the trigger the cartridge is fired4 ,after the bullet has passed the vent and before its exit from the muzzle1 the powder gases expand through the vent upon the piston and gas lever1 which in turn act on the breech mechanism1 opening the breech1 ejecting the shell and feeding to the carrier another cartridge4 ,the gas lever1 returning1 under the action of the retractor spring1 forces the cartridge into the chamber1 closing and locking the breech4 ,if1 instead of releasing the trigger1 it is held back1 the same operation will be repeated as long as cartridges are supplied1 producing continuous fire at the rate of #djj shots or more per minute4 ,a safety lock secures the hammer1 the latter being also used as a piston for an air-pump1 forcing a strong jet of air into the chamber and through the barrel1 removing all residue after the empty shell is ejected4 ,the mainspring1 firing-pin and extractor can be easily replaced4 ,the mount consists of two principal parts3-- 7a7 ,saddle with toothed arc4 7b7 ,yoke4 ,the saddle1 in which the gun rests1 is pivoted to the yoke by means of the axis bolt1 so as to swing in a vertical plane4 ,the gun is held in position on the saddle by the gun pin1 which is inserted with its handle vertical2 in any other position of the handle the gun is held secure by the gun pin lock screw4 ,changes of elevation are made by means of the worm gear1 which engages in the teeth of the arc1 and is operated by the hand wheel1 being secured at any angle by the arc clamp4 ,the lower part of the yoke is in the form of a spindle1 and fits in the socket of the tripod1 being secured by a spindle washer and spindle washer bolt4 ,the tripod consists of a socket to which the legs are hinged4 ,the two front ones being interchangeable1 brass shoes are attached to prevent their sinking into the ground during firing4 ,a seat is attached to the lower portion of the rear leg1 also a leather tool bag containing spare parts1 etc4 ,equipment4 #d feed belts 7capacity #bej rounds per belt74 #d feed boxes1 for feed belts4 #a leather tool bag1 containing the spare parts and accessories4 ,spare ,parts4 #a main spring4 #a hammer4 #a cartridge extractor and spring4 #a sear spring4 #b firing pins4 #b firing pin springs4 #b firing pin lock pins4 #b shell extractors4 #b shell extractor springs4 #b shell extractor pins4 #b handle locks4 #b bolt pins4 #b trigger springs4 #d cotter pins for piston-pin4 #a piston spring4 ,accessories4 #a oil can4 #a combination spanner and screwdriver4 #a jointed cleaning rod4 #a combination operating handle and screwdriver #c drifts4 ,instructions for ,operation4 ,attach box in firing position on the left side of mount4 ,to ,load4--,push belt through opening above the box from the left and draw it as far as it will go4 ,let go the belt4 7,never pull on the belt while the gas lever is being operated47 ,swing the gas lever downward to the rear until it strikes the bottom plate of the gun4 ,release gas lever1 when it will resume its normal position4 ,the gun is now ready to fire4 ,to ,fire4--,hold back trigger4 ,the firing will continue until the trigger is released or until all the cartridges in the belt are fired4 ,to hold the gun ready for firing1 push the safety latch on right side of gun below rear sight from 8fire0 to 8safe40 ,to ,draw ,belt and ,cartridges from the ,gun4-- ,push forward the knurled head on the right side of the gun near the belt exit and draw the loaded belt out to the left4 ,then operate the lever once by hand1 as in loading1 ejecting the loaded cartridge that remains in the chamber4 ,missfires4--,wait a moment in order to make sure that it is a missfire and not a hangfire4 ,then operate the gas lever by hand1 as in loading1 which will eject the unexploded cartridge and will re-load ready for continued firing4 ,stoppage from any ,cause4--,whether the stoppage occurs from the jamming of a cartridge1 missfire1 or breakage of a part of the gun1 operate the lever once by hand before making any effort to free the mechanism4 ,if the stoppage occurs when the lever is partially retracted1 push it backward until it strikes the bottom plate4 ,never push it forward4 ,this will generally free the mechanism1 unless a broken part stops it4 ,if not freed1 draw belt and cartridges from the gun and examine for breakages4 ,in case of jamming1 due to failure to eject empty shell1 draw back the lever until it strikes the bottom plate1 letting the live cartridge and carrier descend into the bottom position1 and remove shell with cleaning rod4 ,the lever is now free to resume its normal position4 ,in this case1 examine the extractor1 and1 if broken or chipped1 or the spring does not work well1 replace it4 ,precautions to be observed4--,after dismounting mechanism and before firing is begun1 a belt of cartridges 7preferably dummies7 should be placed in the gun and the lever operated several times by hand1 as in loading1 to see if mechanism is in proper working order4 ,caution4--,with the gun hot from rapid firing1 a cartridge should not be allowed to remain in the chamber longer than six or seven seconds1 as it may be discharged by the heat4 ,in case it is not possible1 from any cause1 to withdraw the cartridge within this time1 and the lever is in its normal position1 no harm will be done2 but if lever is partially retracted1 the bolt is then withdrawn and a 8blow back0 may occur4 ,in either event1 keep away from in front of the muzzle until satisfied that the danger from the explosion of the cartridge by heat is passed4 ,to ,dismount ,breech ,mechanism4 #a4 ,take hold of the gas lever pin and throw the gas lever rearward until it strikes the bottom plate4 ,then release the gas lever1 when it will fly forward to its original position4 ,this movement cocks the hammer4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,,ix4 ,,colt ,,automatic ,,gun--,sectional ,view ,,model #aiad ,,colt ,,automatic ,,gun showing position of ,gas ,lever when disengaging ,barrel ,lock1 ,a1 to remove ,interchangeable ,barrel4 #b4 ,on the right-hand side of the gun1 in front of the trigger1 is the handle lock1 which is a pin with a small projecting lever resting in a horizontal position4 ,turn this lever upward and backward as far as possible4 ,withdraw the handle lock4 ,this releases the handle1 which then can be removed rearward4 ,the handle contains the mainspring1 hammer1 sear1 sear spring1 trigger and trigger spring4 ,to remove the hammer and mainspring from the handle1 pull back the trigger1 release the sear by pulling the nose down1 when the hammer and mainspring will fly out1 as the sear holds them in place4 #c4 ,to remove the bolt1 throw the gas lever rearward as far as possible1 and while holding it in that position insert the small end of the handle lock in the hole on the right hand side of gun1 pushing the handle lock in as far as it will go4 ,this removes the bolt pin from the bolt4 ,withdraw the handle lock pin1 but leave the bolt pin in the position in which it now is--i4e41 projecting from the left side4 ,the bolt is now free to be removed from the rear of the gun4 #d4 ,the extractor and firing pin can be removed from the bolt by pushing out the small pins that hold them in place4 ,to ,assemble4 #a4 ,insert the bolt and push forward as far as it will go4 #b4 ,place hand on gas lever1 holding it up against bottom plate4 #c4 ,push in bolt pin from left hand side as far as it will go4 #d4 ,then release the gas lever4 #e4 ,replace handle1 locking it in position with handle lock4 ,to ,remove ,barrel4 ,take hold of gas lever pin and throw the gas lever rearward until it strikes the bottom plate1 and hold in this position4 ,withdraw handle lock and insert small end of same in small hole in rear end of gun1 and on right side1 pushing handle lock in as far as it will go4 ,this causes the bolt pin to lock slide to receiver and to hold gas lever back4 ,bolt pin will then project from left-hand side4 ,leave in this position4 ,replace handle lock4 ,attached to gas cylinder will be found barrel lock2 place small end of combination wrench under point of barrel lock and press down and out until it clears barrel4 ,engage combination wrench in slot in under side of barrel just forward of gas cylinder and unscrew2 then pull barrel forward and out4 ,to ,replace ,barrel4 ,push barrel in as far as it will go and engage threads2 complete this operation with wrench until lines on top of barrel and receiver coincide4 ,swing barrel lock up into slot4 ,release gas lever by pushing in bolt pin from left-hand side as far as it will go with handle lock4 ,replace handle lock4 ,do not remove or replace barrel until gas lever has been thrown to rear and locked in that position4 ,to ,strip4 ,lay gun on right side1 muzzle to left4 ,turn side plate lock screw to left to bring cut in same clear of groove in side plate screws4 ,unscrew side plate screws and remove4 ,place right hand on rear of left-hand side plate1 press downward1 and with the left hand raise front of plate4 ,turn gun over and remove right-hand plate in same manner4 ,turn gun so as to bring bottom plate upward4 ,raise gas lever slightly with left hand1 and lift bottom plate out4 ,raise gas lever again and pull out slide pin4 ,push slide to rear until it remains4 ,remove retracting spring tubes by pulling nearest tube toward you and pushing other away from you4 ,pull or push out gas lever bracket pin1 then lift gas lever and connections out of bracket4 ,push carrier pin out with pointed end of screwdriver and lift carrier out of receiver4 ,unscrew locking screw and belt guide screw in belt guide4 ,lift belt guide out4 ,if belt guide should stick1 push the point of screwdriver under the slide at rear of belt guide and gently pry upward4 ,remove handle lock and pull handle out to rear4 ,push slide to rear and insert end of handle lock in small hole in rear of receiver in side nearest to you1 and push out bolt pin4 ,pull slide to front and out and then push bolt out to rear with finger4 ,remove safety and trip4 ,to ,assemble4 ,hold gun with slot in receiver upward4 ,insert bolt1 front end first4 ,replace slide1 pushing to rear as far as it will go4 ,replace bolt pin1 pushing it in as far as it will go by using end of handle lock4 ,replace belt guide and screw1 having locking screw engage groove in belt guide screw4 ,replace carrier1 having flat side or bottom up and carrier dog down4 ,insert pin4 ,replace gas lever1 having piston drop into hole in gas cylinder4 ,adjust gas lever until large pin holes in gas lever and gas lever bracket are opposite each other1 then insert gas-lever bracket pin4 ,next place retracting spring tubes in position having slot in followers align with long slot in retracting spring tubes4 ,force follower over projecting end of retracting connection by pressing follower end inward1 at the same time slightly compressing retracting springs until pilot at end of tube clears bracket4 ,press tube inward at bracket end and into hole for pilot4 ,place bottom plate in position by putting tongue at rear end in receiver first and flush with rear end of receiver4 ,place safety in position4 ,right-hand side plate should be next placed in position1 taking precaution to have slide pushed to rear as far as it will go and the feed lever on plate carried to rear as far as it will go1 so that feed lever will lay between projections on slide when plate is in position4 ,to place plate in position1 have the dowel at rear of plate enter hole for same1 in receiver1 at the same time having groove near edge of plate engage rib on bottom plate and gas lever bracket pin enter hole in front end of plate4 ,turn gun over to rest on plate1 draw slide forward1 having slot at forward end of slide engage end of gas-lever connection4 ,hold gun at rear end with right hand to prevent moving4 ,take hold of gas-lever pin with the left hand and swing gas lever outward until slide pin can be pushed into hole in slide through gas-lever connection1 having flattened end of slide pin enter slot in side plate4 ,place trip in holes and slot in receiver4 ,place left-hand slide plate in position by the same method as right-hand plate4 ,place side plate screws into holes in front and rear of side plates4 ,if screws do not enter freely see that bottom plate is flush with rear of receiver2 if not1 tap bottom plate gently on front end until it is flush with rear end of receiver4 ,screw plates together and lock with locking screws1 making a quarter turn of these screws to engage grooves in side plate screws4 ,push handle into hole in rear of receiver and lock with handle lock4 ,handle lock is placed in position by inserting large end into hole with the stem held upward and then turned toward front and downward to have projection engage locking cut in side plate and until handle lock stop springs over stem4 ,place gun in mount and run a few cartridges in a belt through gun to see that mechanism works properly4 ,keep hand away from trigger during this latter operation1 and be sure to work gas lever until all cartridges are out of gun4 ,,list ,,of ,,parts4 #a4 ,handle4 #b4 ,handle lock4 #c4 ,handle lock and safety stop4 #d4 ,handle lock and safety stop spring4 #e4 ,handle lock and safety stop screw4 #f4 ,hammer4 #g4 ,mainspring4 #h4 ,trigger4 #i4 ,trigger spring4 #aj4 ,sear4 #aa4 ,sear spring4 #ab4 ,trigger and sear pin4 #ac4 ,bolt4 #ad4 ,bolt pin4 #ae4 ,shell extractor4 #af4 ,shell extractor spring4 #ag4 ,shell extractor pin4 #ah4 ,firing pin4 #ai4 ,firing-pin spring4 #bj4 ,firing-pin stop pin4 #ba4 ,carrier4 #bb4 ,carrier pin4 #bc4 ,carrier dog4 #bd4 ,carrier-dog pin4 #be4 ,carrier-dog spring4 #bf4 ,carrier-dog plunger4 #bg4 ,gas cylinder4 #bh4 ,gas-cylinder pin4 #bi4 ,gas lever4 #cj4 ,gas-lever pin4 #ca4 ,gas-lever connection4 #cb4 ,gas-lever connection pin4 #cc4 ,gas-lever bracket4 #cd4 ,gas-lever bracket pin4 #ce4 ,gas-lever piston4 #cf4 ,gas-lever piston-pin4 #cf;,a4 ,gas-lever piston-pin cotter pin4 #cg-ch4 ,retracting springs4 #ci4 ,retracting-spring tube1 ,r4,h4 #dj4 ,retracting-spring tube1 ,l4,h4 #da-db4 ,retracting-spring follower4 #dc-dd4 ,retracting-spring tube screws4 #de4 ,retracting connection4 #df4 ,retracting-connection pin4 #dg4 ,retracting-connection long link4 #dh4 ,retracting-connection long link rivet4 #di4 ,retracting-connection short link4 #ea4 ,retracting-connection short link rivet4 #eb4 ,stock1 ,r4,h41 with escutcheon4 #ec4 ,stock1 ,l4,h41 with escutcheon4 #ed4 ,stock screw4 #ee4 ,front side plate screw4 #ef4 ,front side plate screw1 ,lock screw4 #eg4 ,rear side plate screw4 #eh4 ,safety4 #ei4 ,belt guide4 #fj4 ,belt guide screw4 #fa4 ,feed-wheel and bushing4 #fb4 ,feed-wheel shaft4 #fc4 ,feed-wheel dog4 #fd4 ,feed-wheel dog screw4 #fe4 ,feed-wheel dog spring4 #ff4 ,feed lever4 #fg4 ,feed lever screw4 #fh4 ,feed throw-off4 #fi4 ,feed throw-off spring4 #gj4 ,feed throw-off screw4 #ga4 ,ratchet lever4 #gb4 ,ratchet-lever screw4 #gc4 ,ratchet-lever pawl4 #gd4 ,ratchet-lever pawl spring4 #ge4 ,ratchet-lever pawl pin4 #gf4 ,ejector4 #gg4 ,chamber guide4 #gh4 ,bullet guide4 #gi4 ,bullet-guide screw4 #hj4 ,cartridge guide1 ,r4,h4 #ha4 ,cartridge guide1 ,l4,h4 #hb4 ,cartridge extractor4 #hc4 ,cartridge-extractor pin4 #hd4 ,cartridge-extractor spring4 #he4 ,trip4 #hf4 ,slide4 #hg4 ,slide pin4 #hh4 ,receiver4 #hi4 ,side plate1 ,r4,h4 #ij4 ,side plate1 ,l4,h4 #ia4 ,bottom plate4 #ib4 ,barrel4 #ic4 ,front sight4 #id4 ,rear sight4 ,a4 ,barrel lock4 ,a#a4 ,barrel-lock pin4 ,c4 ,combination wrench4 ,hotchkiss ,portable ,machine ,gun4 ,,component ,,parts4 #a4 ,barrel4 ,assembled-- ,trunnion ring4 ,gas nozzle ring4 ,orifice screw4 ,gas cylinder support4 ,front sight carrier4 ,front sight4 #b4 ,regulator4 #c4 ,receiver4 ,assembled-- ,bottom plate4 ,front feed guide4 ,rear feed guide4 ,cartridge base stop4 ,feed piece cover4 ,closing spring4 ,rear sight base4 ,rear sight screw4 #d4 ,hand guard4 ,assembled-- ,catches for legs4 ,catch springs4 #e4 ,locking nut4 #f4 ,locking screw4 #g4 ,cocking handle4 #h4 ,guard with stock4 ,assembled-- ,recoil spring seat4 ,hinged strap4 ,elevating screw tube4 ,elevating screw slide4 ,slide spring4 #i4 ,barrel rest4 #aj4 ,elevating mechanism4 ,assembled-- ,outer screw4 ,inner screw4 ,base4 #aa4 ,piston4 #ab4 ,fermeture nut4 #ac4 ,breech block4 #ad4 ,extractor4 #ae4 ,firing pin4 #af4 ,ejector4 #ag4 ,ejector cap4 #ah4 ,cartridge stop4 #ai4 ,cartridge stop holder4 #bj4 ,sear4 #ba4 ,trigger4 #bb4 ,feed piece4 #bc4 ,feed spring4 #bd4 ,recoil spring4 #be4 ,ejector spring4 #bf4 ,sear spring4 #bg4 ,cartridge stop spring4 #bh4 ,extractor spring4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,x4 ,infantry ,model with ,elevating ,gear4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,,xi4 ,external ,parts4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,,xii4 ,working ,parts4 ,,accessories4 ,one dismounting wrench4 ,one ejector key4 ,one hand extractor4 ,one cleaning rod complete4 ,two wire brushes4 ,one cleaning brush4 ,one gas cylinder cleaner4 ,one oil can4 ,one front sight cover4 ,,general ,,description4 ,the gun comprises a single barrel1 receiver1 guard and stock1 rigidly assembled4 ,guided in the receiver1 parallel to and below the barrel1 is the piston1 which by its reciprocating motion assures the automatic action of the gun4 ,this reciprocating motion is brought about as follows3--,when the bullet in its passage through the bore has passed a port connecting the bore with the gas nozzle1 a small portion of the powder gas issues from the nozzle1 and impinging in the cup-shaped forward extremity of the piston1 throws in the rear4 ,the recoil spring compressed by the piston in its rearward movement now returns the piston to its initial position4 ,in its movement to the rear the piston1 which is accompanied by the breech block1 opens the breech1 extracts and ejects the spent cartridge case1 and brings a fresh cartridge to the loading position4 ,in its forward movement the breech is locked and the shot fired4 ,feed4 ,the cartridges are fed into the gun on flat1 tempered steel strips1 of #cj rounds each4 ,a folding barrel rest is provided for steadying the barrel when firing in the prone position which will ordinarily be taken4 ,for aircraft the gun is mounted on a crutch1 and the stock may be replaced by a pistol grip4 ,the operation of the gun requires but one man1 who loads and fires4 ,if a second operator loads the speed of fire is increased from #bej to #djj rounds per minute4 ,,action ,,of ,,the ,,mechanism ,to load1 the breech must be opened by means of the cocking handle4 ,as the piston is drawn back1 cams on its upper face turn the fermeture nut a partial revolution1 disengaging its interrupted threads from corresponding threads on the nose of breech block4 ,this unlocks the breech4 ,under the action of its spring1 the feed piece engages with a shoulder on the piston and locks it in its rearmost position4 ,to permit the introduction of the feed strip1 the feed piece must be lifted to its highest position by pressing up on its lower end4 ,this frees it from the shoulder of the piston1 which latter moves forward slightly under the action of its spring and engages with the sear4 ,the feed strip may now be introduced into the guides1 cartridge side down1 and should be pushed forward until the pawl forming part of the feed spring engages with it1 so as to prevent any backward movement4 ,when the trigger is pulled1 the piston1 accompanied by the breech block1 is propelled forward by the recoil spring2 the breech block pushes a cartridge from the feed strip into the chamber2 the cams on the upper face of the piston act on the fermeture nut1 locking the breech2 the firing pin is driven against the primer and the shot fired4 ,when the bullet in its passage through the bore has passed the port leading to the gas nozzle1 a small portion of the powder gas1 conducted by the port and the gas nozzle1 impinges in the cup-shaped forward extremity of the piston1 and drives it to the rear4 ,as already explained1 the breech is now unlocked by the action of the piston cams on the fermeture nut1 the breech block is withdrawn1 along with the extractor holding the spent cartridge case1 which later is ejected when its head strikes the ejector4 ,towards the end of the backward stroke of the piston a cam on its side imparts a slight rotary movement to the feed piece1 which advances the feed strip sufficiently to bring the following cartridge to the loading position4 ,the last cartridge having been fired1 the strip is ejected from the gun4 ,under the action of its spring1 the feed piece1 which has been held up by the strip1 now descends1 and1 engaging with the shoulder of the piston1 locks the breech open4 ,all is now ready for the introduction of another strip4 ,the firing gear may be set for continuous firing1 single shots1 or safety1 by turning the cocking handle to the positions marked 8,a10 8,r0 and 8,s10 respectively4 ,when set at 8,a0 7automatic71 so long as the trigger is held back1 the piston is free to move forward again under the action of the recoil spring4 ,as a result the gun fires continuously until the strip is exhausted or the trigger released4 ,when set at 8,r0 7repetition71 a separate pull of the trigger is required for each shot1 as the sear engages with the piston each time the latter recoils1 thus stopping the firing4 ,when set at 8,s0 7safety7 the trigger is locked1 and cannot be pulled back4 ,as a result the gun cannot be fired4 ,,to ,,strip ,,and ,,assemble ,,the ,,gun4 #ast4--,close breech4 7a7 ,lift feed piece to its highest position by pressing up on its lower end as for loading4 ,this releases shoulder of piston from feed piece and allows it to move forward slightly and rest on the sear4 7b7 ,pull trigger1 cocking handle being set at 8,r0 or 8,a40 ,as this releases sear1 the piston is propelled forward by recoil spring and breech closed as when firing4 #bnd4--,remove cocking handle4 7a7 ,throw cocking handle knob to left1 slightly past vertical and against stop4 7b7 ,draw cocking handle back about inch and then throw knob to right as far as possible to an angle of about #de degrees4 ,by this movement cocking handle is released from piston4 7c7 ,withdraw cocking handle to rear4 #crd4--,remove guard4 7a7 ,unscrew locking screws on left side of receiver three turns4 7b7 ,grasp receiver firmly with left hand and stock or pistol grip with the right4 ,push stock forward about inch and then bring it straight down1 separating it from receiver4 ,this combined movement will be learned after a few trials4 ,firing gear 7sear1 sear spring and trigger7 remains with guard4 #dth4--,withdraw recoil spring from receiver4 #eth4--,remove recoiling mechanism4 7a7 ,insert cocking handle in piston and push it forward as far as it will go1 knob inclined at about #de degrees to right4 ,when home1 turn knob to vertical position so as to engage lugs at forward end with piston4 7b7 ,draw cocking handle to rear1 and with it the piston1 breech block1 extractor and firing pin4 #fth4--,remove feed spring4 7a7 ,disengage feed spring from button at top of feed piece1 springing it up with forefinger of right hand by means of the hooked portion projecting to rear4 7b7 ,dismount feed spring by pushing it to rear with left hand by means of knurled button1 at the same time springing it up sufficiently with right hand to clear pawl from rear feed guide4 #gth4--,remove feed piece4 7a7 ,throw open feed piece cover by means of knurled knob4 7b7 ,lift leaf of rear sight4 7c7 ,lift feed piece to its highest position and turn through an angle of #ahj degrees so that lever points to rear4 ,as flattened portion of axis is now opposite corresponding slot in upper bearing1 feed piece may be removed to rear4 #hth4--,remove ejector4 7a7 ,by means of key unscrew ejector cap and remove it4 7b7 ,lift out ejector spring and then ejector4 #ith4--,remove barrel4 7a7 ,unscrew barrel locking nut one-sixth of a turn to a stop with right hand1 using dismounting wrench4 7b7 ,remove barrel by drawing it straight to front4 #ajth4--,remove hand guard4 7a7 ,turn locking nut to left sufficiently to free its stud from engagement with hand guard4 7,this stud serves to hold hand guard in place while barrel is being mounted or dismounted47 7b7 ,remove hand guard by drawing it to front4 #aath4--,unscrew and remove locking nut4 #abth4--,remove fermeture nut4 #acth4--,remove firing pin4 ,reverse breech block and firing pin will fall into the hand4 #adth4--,remove extractor4 7a7 ,grasp breech block with left hand and hand extractor with right2 insert hook portion of latter between last and before last coil of extractor spring1 compress the spring1 tilt the end out of its seat and remove it4 7b7 ,by holding breech block upwards1 extractor will fall out4 #aeth4--,remove firing gear from guard4 7a7 ,hold stock between knees1 the guard to the front4 7b7 ,with right hand lift hooked arm of trigger sufficiently to clear it entirely from vertical lever of sear4 7c7 ,with left hand catch knurled button forming outer extremity of sear axis and draw to left sufficiently to free right hand end of axis from its pocket4 ,now lift sear vertically from guard4 7d7 ,lift trigger upward and forward1 separating it and sear with spring attached from guard4 7e7 ,detach respective ends of spring from sear and trigger4 #afth4--,remove cartridge stop4 7a7 ,unscrew cartridge stop holder by means of the dismounting wrench4 7b7 ,withdraw cartridge stop spring and cartridge stop4 ,,assembling4 #ast4--,mount in order the following parts3 fermeture nut1 barrel nut1 hand guard1 barrel1 ejector1 spring and cap1 feed piece1 feed piece spring4 #bnd4--,assemble the trigger1 sear and sear spring1 and then mount them in guard4 #crd4--,mount the recoiling parts in receiver4 7a7 ,assemble extractor with breech block4 7b7 ,mount the firing pin1 bringing it to its rearmost position and turning head to left behind shoulder in breech block4 7c7 ,engage piston tang in the under slot of breech block4 7,rear face of tang should abut against the rear wall of slot1 and under tang of firing pin should engage in corresponding groove in piston tang47 7d7 ,turn fermeture nut to the open position by passing first finger of left hand in ejection slot of receiver4 7,when in the open position the ejection slot in the fermeture nut coincides with the ejection slot in the receiver47 7e7 ,with the right hand grasp rear of piston assembled with breech block1 placing thumb on head of firing pin so as to hold it turned to left behind shoulder of breech block4 7f7 ,insert piston assembled with breech block in rear of receiver and push it forward with right hand until it comes to a stop4 7,its rear face will now be about #a inch in front of rear of receiver47 ,n4,b4--,it is imperative that the head of firing pin be turned completely to the left1 and that fermeture nut be at the open position4 ,the mechanism should slip into place easily1 forcing being neither necessary nor permissible4 7g7 ,while pressing on the lower end of feed piece with the right hand so as to bring it to its highest position1 push forward piston with left hand until breech is closed4 #dth4--,insert recoil spring in piston and push forward1 allowing a few inches to project to rear of receiver4 #eth4--,mount guard4 7a7 ,grasp pistol grip with right hand as for firing1 making sure that firing gear is properly mounted by pulling trigger several times4 7b7 ,engage projecting end of recoil spring in its seat in the guard4 7c7 ,bring the guard to a position under receiver so that the two lugs on its head are opposite their mortises in rear of receiver1 the trunnions at the front being below and slightly in advance of their sockets in the bottom of receiver4 ,in order that the end of recoil spring remains engaged in its seat in the guard it may be held in place by means of the end of the cocking handle shank4 7d7 ,engage lugs in their mortises and trunnions in their sockets by raising guard vertically4 7e7 ,draw guard to rear until solidly seated in receiver4 7f7 ,screw up locking screw4 #fth4--,mount cocking handle4 7a7 ,insert shank of cocking handle in opening in guard1 the knob inclined at #de degrees to right1 and push forward to a stop4 7b7 ,throw knob to left to a stop4 7c7 ,push cocking handle forward until home1 and then throw knob to right and down as far as it will go4 ,in order to replace a defective extractor or firing pin proceed as follows3-- #ast4-- ,close breech4 #bnd4-- ,remove cocking handle4 #crd4-- ,remove guard4 #dth4-- ,withdraw recoil spring4 #eth4-- ,remove recoiling mechanism4 ,replace defective part by a spare1 and mount by reversing operations4 ,the extractor and extractor spring can also be removed without stripping gun as follows3-- #ast4-- ,insert an empty cartridge case in the ejection slot1 perpendicular to chamber4 #bnd4-- ,close breech gently1 i4e41 by holding it back with cocking handle1 on to empty cartridge case1 thus giving access to extractor and extractor spring4 #crd4-- ,remove extractor spring and extractor by means of hand extractor4 ,replace defective part by a spare1 cock the gun and withdraw empty cartridge case4 ,,points ,,to ,,be ,,attended ,,to ,,before ,,firing4 #a4 ,cock gun4 #b4 ,pass cleaning rod down the bore to make sure that barrel is clear4 #c4 ,see that regulators of all available barrels are properly set4 #d4 ,oil mechanism4 ,a moderate quantity of oil will suffice4 ,it is useless to flood the mechanism4 ,as the essential parts are sufficiently accessible through the ejection slot and by opening the feed piece cover1 dismounting is not necessary4 #e4 ,test action of both ejector and cartridge stop by pushing on their points4 ,they should work freely1 their springs being elastic but without stiffness4 #f4 ,test action of mechanism by rapidly opening and closing breech several times4 ,it should work freely and smoothly4 ,,operating ,,the ,,gun4 ,in firing1 the prone position will be taken ordinarily1 the barrel rest being used to steady the gun4 ,in high grass or under conditions where more height is desirable1 ammunition boxes may be placed under the barrel rest so as to increase height4 ,in short1 any sort of rest available may be used1 for instance1 the top of a parapet or the limb of a tree4 ,in going into action the following operations must be performed3-- 7#a7 ,set barrel rest4 7a7 ,free legs from their catches4 7b7 ,turn legs forward until at right angles to barrel4 7c7 ,open legs with a sharp movement such that the separators catch in one another4 7d7 ,place the feet in desired position and force points into the ground4 7#b7 ,mount elevating mechanism4 7a7 ,place elevating mechanism foot on ground in such position that it is at right angles to axis of gun4 7b7 ,bring gun to approximately the required elevation by turning outer elevating screw4 7#c7 ,take firing position4 7a7 ,take prone position1 resting on the elbows4 7b7 ,grasp pistol grip and trigger with right hand1 pressing stock well into hollow of right shoulder4 7c7 ,grasp outer elevating screw with left hand4 7d7 ,in case elevating gear is not used1 left hand grasps stock to rear of receiver and pulls shoulder strap down solidly against shoulder4 7#d7 ,cock gun4 7a7 ,throw cocking handle knob to left to a stop4 7b7 ,draw cocking handle to rear as far as possible with a sharp quick movement4 7c7 ,return cocking handle to its original position1 and set at 8,r0 for single shots1 8,a0 for automatic and 8,s0 for safety4 7#e7 ,loading is ordinarily performed by a second operator1 who takes the prone position to the right of gun1 with ammunition conveniently at hand4 7a7 ,raise feed piece to its uppermost position by pushing up on its lower extremity with left hand1 placing thumb on feed piece cover4 7b7 ,with right hand introduce a feed strip into guides1 cartridge side down1 and push home until the pawl catches4 ,n4,b4--,if gun is operated by but one man1 loading will be found more convenient if the elevating mechanism is not used2 the firer performs both operations of lifting the feed piece and introducing the strip with the right hand1 the left hand meanwhile steadying the gun by grasping the stock4 7#f7 ,firing4--,the gun is fired by pulling the trigger4 7a7 ,single shots3 ,set cocking handle at 8,r0 7repetition74 ,one shot is fired each time trigger is pulled4 7b7 ,automatic firing3 ,set cocking handle at 8,a0 7automatic74 ,if trigger is held back the entire strip of #cj rounds is fired automatically4 7c7 ,volley firing3 ,set cocking handle at 8,a0 7automatic74 ,the trigger may be released after some #c1 #e1 or #aj rounds1 as circumstances require1 aim quickly altered and firing resumed1 i4e41 the strip of #cj rounds is fired in volleys1 as required4 7d7 ,safety3 ,set cocking handle at 8,s0 7safety7 and remove strip1 unless firing is to be promptly resumed4 ,n4,b4--,the trigger must be released at the end of each strip1 so that the sear will hold the piston at the cocked position during the introduction of the following strip4 ,otherwise1 as soon as the feed piece is raised preparatory to loading the breech will close1 necessitating recocking the gun before continuous firing4 7#g7 ,unloading4--,in order to remove a partially spent strip1 proceed as follows3-- 7a7 ,see that breech is open1 cocking if necessary4 7b7 ,hold claw of pawl free from strip by pushing upon lower extremity of feed piece with left hand while withdrawing strip with right4 ,n4,b4--,as a live cartridge never remains in the chamber the mere presence or absence of the strip shows whether the gun is loaded4 ,,rapid ,,change ,,of ,,barrel ,,in ,,the ,,field4 ,in prolonged firing it is sometimes desirable to replace a hot barrel by a fresh one1 so as to allow the former to cool4 ,this operation1 which is performed without dismounting any part of the mechanism1 requires some #aj to #ae seconds4 ,proceed as follows3-- ,suppose the gun in the firing position4 ,the firer unscrews the locking nut one-sixth of a turn with the right hand1 using the dismounting wrench4 ,while the second operator grasps the legs of the barrel rest1 quite near the barrel1 ,no4 #a separates the barrel from the receiver by drawing the latter to the rear4 ,resting the butt on the ground ,no4 #a now mounts the fresh barrel and pushes it home4 ,meanwhile ,no4 #b handles the hot barrel by means of the barrel rest1 which he then detaches as follows3-- 7a7 ,fold the legs4 7b7 ,turn the legs forward until in line with the barrel4 7c7 ,pivot the legs half a turn around the lug of the front sight carrier1 thus permitting the separation4 ,the fresh barrel being mounted1 ,no4 #b attaches the barrel rest and resets it4 ,a hot barrel may be carried by means of dismounting wrench4 ,,cooling ,,barrel4 ,to reduce wear of rifling1 the barrel should be kept cool if circumstances allow4 ,water is not harmful1 and when available may be copiously applied to barrel by means of a sponge or rag4 ,a hot barrel may be dipped in water1 but all traces of latter must be removed from barrel bore and gas cylinder1 by blowing through same1 by means of cleaning rod1 or by firing two or three loose cartridges4 ,until all water is blown out of gas cylinder1 the gas pressure may be insufficient for ensuring automatic action4 ,,use ,,of ,,the ,,regulator4 ,in order that the working of the gun may be regular1 sufficient power must be available to ensure complete recoil of the piston4 ,the amount of power necessary must vary because of insufficient oiling1 dust1 or fouling in the mechanism1 c4 ,then1 again1 pressure of the powder gases may vary because of temperature1 deteriorated powder1 or badly worn rifling4 ,the regulator affords means of varying the power which works the gun4 ,under normal conditions it should be set at #be4 ,to test the automatic action1 fire several shots with regulator set at #be and cocking handle at 8,r10 and observe3-- 7a7 ,one shot should be fired at each pull of trigger4 ,if more than one shot is fired at a time1 it shows that piston does not recoil sufficiently after each shot to catch on sear4 7b7 ,claw of pawl should catch in the opening in strip at each shot4 ,if pawl rides on top of strip instead of catching1 it shows that piston does not recoil sufficiently to throw feed lever through a complete stroke4 7c7 ,the ejection should be regular and energetic4 ,if these three points are not satisfactory it may be concluded that there is a lack of power1 and regulator should be screwed up from #e to #aj divisions4 ,on the other hand1 too much power is not desirable1 as the vibration due to the violent action of the mechanism necessarily affects accuracy4 ,,accidental ,,stoppages ,,in ,,the ,,automatic ,,action ,,of ,,the ,,gun4 ,in case of a jam always proceed as follows3-- 7a7 ,open breech completely by means of cocking handle4 7b7 ,remove jammed cartridge through ejection slot by using hand ejector or cleaning rod as the case may be1 and see that chamber is clear4 7c7 ,withdraw the strip if some remedy is to be applied4 ,otherwise push it forward1 bringing the next cartridge to the loading position4 ,,stoppages ,,and ,,their ,,remedies4 7#a7 ,jam on the first round of a strip4 ,the strip was probably not pushed completely home before trigger was pulled4 ,always push forward strip until pawl catches1 so that both strip and cartridge are positively held in loading position4 7#b7 ,missfire4 ,eject defective cartridge by cocking gun1 and continue firing4 ,n4,b4--,a loose primer falling into the mechanism may cause repeated missfires4 ,dismount the piston and breech block so as to remove primer1 which will usually be found either in the piston cams or in the fermeture nut near the entrance to the chamber4 ,missfires may be also due to a weakened recoil spring4 ,in this case replace the spring with a spare4 7#c7 ,bad introduction4 ,the cartridge jams at entrance to the chamber when being pushed forward by breech block4 ,the bullet of the cartridge in question may have been imperfectly seated due to defective crimping1 or the cartridge insufficiently held by the clips of the feed strip4 ,in the latter case the strip should be put aside for re-sizing4 ,another cause of bad introduction is incomplete feeding due to lack of power4 ,in this case screw up the regulator #c to #aj divisions4 7#d7 ,incomplete ejection of the spent cartridge case4 ,this is due to lack of power4 ,screw up the regulator #e to #aj divisions4 ,,cleaning ,,and ,,care4 ,this arm requires the same care as the service rifle4 ,it must be kept clean and free from rust1 and all parts lightly oiled4 ,no gritty substances or emery should be used4 ,as soon after firing as practicable the barrel should be thoroughly cleaned and oiled1 particular attention being paid to the chamber4 ,the gas cylinder should be kept free from fouling by means of the cleaner so that the regulator can be easily screwed up without using the dismounting wrench4 ,when the gun is not in use the breech should be kept closed so as to avoid weakening the recoil spring4 ,,feed ,,strips4 ,the feed strips hold #cj rounds each4 ,there are three rows of clips which hold the cartridge near the base1 the middle and at the neck4 ,a stop lug which catches behind the head of the cartridge case prevents longitudinal motion4 ,,feed ,,strip ,,filling ,,machine4 ,the feed strip filling machine is constructed for clamping to a bench or plank1 as1 for instance1 the lid of a cartridge box4 ,the hopper and clamp are removable for compactness in packing4 ,the machine must be so placed that the crank can be conveniently turned with the right hand4 ,proceed as follows3-- 7a7 ,fill the hopper with cartridges4 7b7 ,push a feed strip1 stop lugs to the rear1 in its guides on the machine until the feed tooth catches back of the first middle clip4 7c7 ,turn the crank4 ,at each complete turn of the crank first a cartridge is pushed forward into the clips1 and then the feed strip fed ahead one notch into position for the succeeding cartridge4 7d7 ,when filled remove the feed strip4 ,this machine is operated most efficiently by two men4 ,one supplies the machine with feed strips1 turns the crank1 and removes filled feed strips2 the other supplies the hopper with cartridges4 ,n4,b4--,the feed strips may also be readily filled by hand2 care should be taken that the rims of all cartridges bear back against their stop lugs4 ,,re-,,sizing ,,the ,,feed ,,strips4 ,when the feed strips have been used repeatedly1 the middle clips sometimes lose their curvature to such an extent that the cartridges are not firmly held4 ,this is quickly remedied by passing the strips through the re-sizing tool so as to restore the middle clips to their original form4 ,as a rule1 very little re-sizing is necessary1 slight contact between the re-sizing roller and the top of the middle clip sufficing4 ,general4 ,,duties4 7,referring mainly to the ,maxim and ,vickers' ,guns47 ,section ,officer4 ,to command his section in accordance with orders and the tactical situation4 ,to select gun positions4 ,to observe and control fire4 ,to give instructions to range taker4 ,to act1 when brigaded1 under instructions of the ,b4,m4,g4,o4 ,sergeant4 ,supervise guns coming into action as the section officer will direct4 ,be prepared to take command in the event of the officer becoming a casualty2 in fact1 act as the officer's understudy4 ,corporal4 ,responsible for packing1 and contents of limbered wagon ,on the march he will be in rear of it and work brake as required4 ,superintend unpacking1 and take command in the absence of officer and sergeant4 ,see that rifles and packs of ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c and #d are put into wagon4 ,have spare parts box handy4 ,supervise ammunition supply and belt filling4 ,direct limbered wagons as required4 ,superintend filling of sandbags and cutting of brushwood4 ,watch for signals from section officer4 ,take place of sergeant in the event of him becoming a casualty4 ,no4 #a ,firer4 ,will personally clean and look after his gun4 ,carry tripod into action1 place it in position and assist ,no4 #b in mounting4 ,repeat all orders received4 ,observe his own fire4 ,no4 #b4 ,assists ,no4 #a at the gun1 carries it into action and mounts it with the assistance of ,no4 #a4 ,attends to the feeding4 ,watch for signals from the section officer4 ,nos4 #c and #d4 ,ammunition carriers4 ,no4 #c takes first supply to the gun assisted by ,no4 #d and arranges that spare parts wallet is brought up to gun position4 ,he is also responsible that the condenser is in position before water boils4 ,no4 #d takes ammunition from limber to ,no4 #c when a further supply is required4 ,takes condenser complete1 and half filled with water to ,no4 #c4 ,no4 #e--,scout4 ,acts as ordered by section officer4 ,no4 #f--,range taker4 ,takes ranges and prepares range cards4 ,the other ,no4 #f1 is a spare man and acts according to orders from his officer4 ,drivers4 ,remain with wagons and must act on signal from the officer4 ,they should be taught to fill belts by hand or machine and to act as ammunition carriers4 ,,section ,,drill 7,,with ,,transport74 ,drill with ,limbered ,wagons4 ,the detachment will be formed up in two ranks six paces in rear of the wagon1 facing outwards4 ,on the command or signal 8,action10 the driver dismounts and stands to his horses4 ,the sergeant and ,nos4 #e and #f double out to the section officer4 ,the corporal lowers the tail-board and superintends the unpacking4 ,the remaining numbers ground arms on the word of command of the senior number1 and fall out to the wagon to perform the duties detailed above4 ,the corporal selects a suitable covered position for the limbered wagon1 if necessary4 ,on the command or signal 8,dismount guns10 the procedure for unpacking is reversed1 and when completed1 detachments fall in and take up arms by word of command4 ,drill with ,pack ,transport4 ,normally mules will be led by ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #g and #h4 ,on the command 8,prepare for action10 ,nos4 #b1 #c1 #g and #h will link their mules to those immediately in front of them4 ,nos4 #g and #h will lead ,nos4 #a and #d mules4 ,nos4 #a and #b will march on the tripod and gun sides respectively of ,no4 #a mule and loosen straps4 ,nos4 #c and #d will march on either side of ,no4 #b mule4 ,on the command or signal 8,action10 ,no4 #a will off-load the tripod and ,no4 #b the gun2 ,no4 #c will off-load the leading ammunition animal4 ,the corporal will select a suitable covered position for the pack animals4 ,the other duties of the various numbers are as on pages 4 ,on the command or signal 8,stand to10 ,nos4 #a1 #b and #c will reverse the actions of off-loading4 ,the detachment will then form up for marching4 ,,section ,,drill 7,,without ,,transport74 ,guns1 tripods and ammunition boxes will be placed on the ground1 muzzles to the front and in line1 legs to rear1 straps round rear legs buckled1 clamps sufficiently tight to prevent legs from hanging loose when tripod is lifted4 ,traversing clamp sufficiently loose to enable gun to be deflected by a sharp tap with the hand on rear crosspiece1 guns on right and not closer to each other than eight paces1 ammunition boxes three paces in rear4 ,fall in4--,detachment for the two guns will 8fall in0 in two ranks1 five paces in front of the interval between guns1 sergeant on left of front rank1 corporal covering him in rear4 ,front rank will be right gun detachment4 ,rear rank will be left gun detachment4 ,number4--,as in squad drill4 ,take ,post4--,detachments turn outwards and double to their respective guns 7sergeant and corporal on outer flanks1 where they can superintend74 ,nos4 #a and #b fall in on left of tripod2 ,no4 #c on left of ammunition box4 7,if ground suitable these numbers should lie down47 ,nos4 #d1 #e and #f fall in1 in single rank1 in rear of ,no4 #c4 ,the gun position and point of aim is then indicated1 followed by command3-- ,mount ,gun4--,no4 #a picks up tripod1 having previously seen that both elevating screws are exposed the same distance1 carries and places it in position indicated4 ,in adjusting1 he must ensure that crosshead and sights are upright1 and legs clamped tight4 ,no4 #b should so time his advance that he will arrive immediately the tripod is adjusted4 ,he will carry gun to right side of tripod1 holding rear crosspiece with left hand1 gun muzzle to rear under right arm4 ,kneels on left knee1 facing tripod1 and supporting weight of gun on right knee1 places it on tripod1 drives in and turns down crosshead joint pin1 and removes cork plug from steam escape hole4 ,no4 #a fixes elevating joint pin and directs gun towards the mark4 ,no4 #b kneeling and placing ammunition box in position4 ,no4 #c when he sees gun nearly mounted1 will carry ammunition box forward and place it within reach of ,no4 #b4 ,he then retires to a position not immediately in rear of the gun4 ,load4--,no4 #a raises tangent sight1 ,no4 #b passes tag of belt through feed block4 ,no4 #a turns crank handle on to buffer spring1 pulls belt to left front as far as it will go1 and lets go crank handle1 releases strain on belt1 then turns crank handle on to buffer spring1 again pulls belt to left front and lets go belt and crank handle4 ,the gun is now ready to fire4 ,single ,shot ,loading4--,carry out first half of loading motions1 then1 without touching belt1 turn crank handle on to buffer spring and let go4 #hjj 7,range74--,no4 #a repeats the order and adjusts slide to elevation required4 ,at 7,object74--,no4 #b adjusts traversing clamp if ordered to by ,no4 #a1 who lays the gun1 raises automatic safety catch with forefinger and prepares to fire4 ,when ,no4 #a is ready ,no4 #b holds up his hand4 ,fire4--,no4 #a presses the double button4 ,cease ,fire4--,no4 #a releases automatic safety catch and remains steady4 ,traversing ,fire4--,no4 #a will lay gun on flank named1 press button1 and tap alternately1 with the hand1 on the rear crosspiece in the required direction1 until limit is reached4 ,unload4--,no4 #a lowers the sight 7not the slide71 turns the crank handle twice in succession on to buffer spring1 letting it fly back each time on to the check lever2 then presses up finger pieces on bottom pawls1 ,no4 #b withdrawing and repacking belt in box4 ,no4 #a clears ejector tube and lock1 and releases lock spring by pressing double button4 ,dismount ,gun4--,no4 #a removes crosshead and elevating joint pins4 ,no4 #b replaces cork plug1 passes ammunition box to ,no4 #c1 and removes gun to its original position in rear1 ,no4 #a following with tripod1 joint pins will then be pushed home1 legs folded and clamped4 ,prone ,position4 ,mount ,gun4--,no4 #a crawls into position1 pushing tripod forward with right hand1 having first adjusted front legs by turning it over and moving legs round so that they remain in a slightly backward position over the elevating wheel4 ,when in the position ordered for mounting1 he turns legs down and adjusts so as to secure a low1 upright position of the crosshead4 ,no4 #b will then move into position1 on his back1 carrying the gun across his body1 muzzle to the front4 ,on reaching tripod he will push muzzle towards ,no4 #a who will assist in mounting1 and insert crosshead joint pin1 ,no4 #b inserting elevating joint pin and removing cork plug4 ,no4 #a will then turn into position for firing1 supporting himself against the legs of ,no4 #b4 ,adjust sights1 load1 and fire as ordered4 ,out of ,action4--,no4 #a will unload1 ,nos4 #a and #b 7in prone position7 will take hold of rear leg 7,no4 #a with right hand1 ,no1 #b with left71 and draw gun out of action until under cover1 when gun will be dismounted in the usual manner2 ,no4 #b having drawn ammunition box back with the gun4 ,,tests ,,of ,,elementary ,,training4 ,no4 ,nature of ,test1 with ,standard ,remarks4 of ,commands4 ,time4 ,test4 ,i4,to erect tripod and mount #bj sec4 gun4 8,mount ,gun40 ,,ii4,to load the gun4 8,load40 #e sec4 ,all motions distinct4 ,no slurring4 ,,iii4,to adjust sights and lay #ab sec4 ,from range being ordered gun 8,at 444 7,range7 444 until ,no4 #b holds up his ,object 4440 hand4 ,,iv4,to unload the gun4 #e sec4 ,motions distinct1 belt 8,unload40 correctly repacked1 ,lockspring released4 ,v4,to dismount the gun4 #ae sec4 ,all points as at beginning 8,dismount ,gun40 of ,test ,i41 and cork plug replaced4 ,,vi4,to bring gun into action #dj sec4 ,all points for ,tests ,i41 7,range 444 ,object 4447 ,,ii4 and ,,iii4 to be 8,action40 fulfilled4 ,time taken until ,no4 #b holds up his hand4 ,,vii4,horizontal ,traversing #c sec4 7,limits of ,traverse74 for each 8,traversing ,fire40 complete series4 ,,viii4,diagonal ,traversing 7,limits #d sec4 of ,traverse74 8,traversingfor each ,fire40 series4 ,,ix4,rectifying ,stoppages4 8,gun ,correct ,correct remedy applied and ,stops40 procedure gun relaid after remedy4 begun1 #c sec4 ,x4,belt ,filling4 #a min4 #be rounds4#a #ab min4 #bej rounds4#a ,footnote #a3 ,placed in a heap4 ,pass for inspection when filled4 ,,characteristics ,,of ,,machine ,,gun4 ,the fact that the gun is mounted upon a platform and the personal factor thus reduced1 results in a close grouping of fire1 and practically the same results are obtained in war as in peace1 the beaten zone being about half the area of that of rifle fire4 ,this gives the following advantages3-- ,surprise effect4 ,observation of fire for ranging4 ,overhead covering fire4 ,other advantages of the machine gun are3-- ,narrow frontage 7a machine gun only occupying the same frontage as two infantrymen74 ,difficult to locate4 ,normal rate of fire about #ejj rounds per minute4 ,all-round traverse1 which allows gun to be turned in any direction without moving tripod1 and with little exposure4 ,mobility3 ,it can go wherever a man can go on foot4 ,it has1 however1 the following drawbacks3-- ,overheating1 and consequent stoppage through too prolonged fire4 ,noise of firing1 and steam from barrel casing reveals position4 ,narrow and scattered objects are unsuitable targets4 ,it will be seen therefore that the machine gun is a weapon of opportunity particularly adapted for surprise effect1 but not for sustained fire action4 ,,fire ,,direction4 ,the following methods should be used3-- ,ranging ,fire4 ,bursts of fire limited to from #aj to #bj rounds4 ,it is unlikely that observation will be obtained with larger bursts4 ,rapid ,fire4 ,in groups of from #cj to #ej rounds1 the firer pausing slightly between each group to confirm the alignment of sights4 ,traversing ,fire4 ,distributed laterally1 and applied in a series of small groups1 the object being to cover as wide a front as possible1 with a minimum of volume4 7,groups should consist of from #e to #aj rounds only47 ,a belt of #bej rounds should cover a frontage of #be yards in one minute4 ,swinging ,traverse4 ,for trench warfare1 and against dense targets at close ranges1 the traversing clamp being kept fairly loose and the gun traversed evenly and smoothly from side to side1 both hands retaining their hold on the traversing handles4 ,combined ,sights4 ,when two or more guns are working together1 the depth of the effective zone can be increased by ordering different elevations for each gun1 both1 however1 using the same point of aim4 ,the respective depth and width of effective zones may be taken as being3-- ,range4 ,mark ,,vi4 ,mark ,,vii4 ,depth4 ,width4 ,depth4 ,width4 ,yards4 ,yards4 ,feet4 ,yards4 ,feet inches4 #ejj #aej #d #bbj #b #f #a1jjj #gj #h #adj #e #j #a1ejj #fj #ac #gj #aj #j #b1jjj #ej #ai #fj #ag #f ,from this it is apparent that1 allowing an error of #aj per cent4 in ascertaining the range1 the flatness of trajectory within #hjj yards will insure the target being included in the effective zone1 therefore with ,mark ,,vii ammunition combined sights should not be used at less than #hjj yards4 ,bracketing4 ,when only a section is available and the 8combined sights0 method does not give sufficient assurance of fire effect1 8bracketing0 should be used as follows3-- ,the range estimated1 probable error determined1 and the limits between which it is necessary to search with fire1 the maximum and minimum elevation will be allotted to right and left gun respectively1 who fire a burst and then work inwards 7one higher1 one lower7 by altering their respective elevations #ej yards each time1 eventually passing each other4 ,if observation of the fire can be obtained1 correct elevation should be immediately ordered4 ,with ,mark ,,vii ammunition this method would not be necessary at #a1jjj yards1 as with a #aj per cent4 error the 8combined sights0 method would give a satisfactory result4 ,vertical ,searching4 ,the range to nearest point of objective is taken1 sight adjusted and gun laid on this point4 ,sights are then set for the farthest point of the objective4 ,this will bring the line of sight short of the aiming-point4 ,a series of bursts are then fired1 care being taken that each burst strikes just beyond the former one1 but does not leave any gap between groups4 ,overhead ,fire4 ,can be employed normally from or at a commanding position1 or across a valley1 but not when own troops and those of the enemy are on same plane4 ,range of target must be accurate4 ,if #a1jjj yards or under1 angles of sight to enemy and own troops must not be less than #cj minutes4 ,if range is between #a1jjj and #a1ejj yards1 the angle must not be less than #fj mins4 ,overhead fire should not be used at #a1ejj yards and over4 ,the following method of sighting can be used4-- ,adjust backsight to correct range of target and lay gun on mark4 ,if gun is nearer than #ijj yards1 raise sight by #djj yards1 and if further than #ijj yards1 raise sight #bej yards4 ,the new line of sight gives safety angles4 ,when heads of own troops come into line of sight1 cease fire1 or continue to elevate gradually1 keeping pace with advance4 ,indirect ,fire4 ,firing from concealed positions at an auxiliary aiming mark4 ,a machine gun protractor1 or graticules cut across the focal plane of prismatic glasses are most satisfactory4 ,by this means indirect fire can be applied as easily as direct fire4 ,night ,firing4 ,the gun may be laid by day and left until required1 or by use of the 8night firing box10 as follows3-- ,a stick is placed in the ground #aj yards in front of gun in a direct line with the target1 and at night the stick is replaced by the 8night firing box0--the sights altered 7but not the gun7 until aligned on the lamp at the point where the lines form the true centre4 ,searching and deflection can be satisfactorily carried out with this apparatus4 ,,examples ,,of ,,fire ,,orders4 ,normal ,fire ,order using ,one ,elevation4 ,range4 ,aiming mark4 ,fire 7signalled74 ,cease fire 7signalled74 ,changes in elevation 7up or down #ajj71 as required4 ,combined ,sights4 ,range and differences4 ,aiming mark4 ,fire 7signalled74 ,changes in elevation 7left gun up #bjj1 right gun down #bjj7 7or more1 as required74 ,when ,brigaded within ,hearing4 ,the ,b4,m4,g4,o4 issues fire orders direct to the ,nos4 #a as above4 ,when 8differences0 8by sections0 are required the fire order will be as follows3-- ,b4,m4,g4,o4 7a7 ,by sections--,range--,differences4 7,pause for section officers to name the number of their sections and the 8range0 for their sections2 they do not repeat the 8differences407 7b7 ,aiming mark4 7c7 ,fire4 ,traversing ,fire4 ,range4 ,target 7naming right and left limits to be traversed74 8,inwards traversing40 ,fire 7signalled74 ,the same method is employed when laying on the centre1 the caution 8,outwards traversing0 being given4 ,when brigaded within hearing orders are issued as follows3-- ,by ,b4,m4,g4,o43-- ,range4 ,limits of traverse4 ,fire 7signalled74 ,section officer repeats limits to be traversed1 and immediately issues orders respecting ground to be traversed by their own sections1 corresponding to their own positions4 ,vertical ,searching ,fire4 ,range4 ,aiming mark4 ,to 8range0 vertical searching4 ,fire 7signalled74 ,bracketing ,fire4 ,ranges--bracketing4 ,aiming mark4 ,fire4 ,,signals4 ,in many cases observation will be impossible from the gun position and it will be necessary for observers to signal results from a flank4 ,the following semaphore code is used in signalling the results of observation of fire3-- ,p-- ,plus3 meaning fire observed at least #ej yards beyond target4 ,m-- ,minus3 meaning fire observed at least #ej yards short of target4 ,t-- ,right3 meaning fire observed to right of target4 ,c-- ,centre3 meaning direction of fire correct4 ,u-- ,unobserved3 meaning no observation obtained4 ,q-- ,query3 meaning fire observed1 but its position uncertain4 ,r-- ,range3 meaning range correct4 ,the signaller at the observation post should give the 8call up0 to show that the observers are ready4 8,p0 and 8,m0 may be repeated for multiples of #ej yards2 thus1 8,,pp0 would mean1 8,fire observed at least #ajj yards beyond target40 ,signals should be repeated from the gun position if this can be done without disclosing the position to the enemy4 ,on all occasions when guns are firing1 the following signals should be used in controlling fire3-- ,signal for 8,action40--,both arms fully extended1 raised from the sides to a position in line with the shoulders and lowered again4 ,this motion to be repeated until it is seen that the signal is being complied with4 ,note4--,a machine gun is said to be 8,in ,action0 when it is mounted1 loaded and laid1 but not necessarily firing4 ,signal for 8,out of ,action40 ,arm swung in a circular motion in front of the body4 ,by ,no4 #b4 ,hand up--,gun ready to open fire4 ,by ,controlling ,officer4 ,hand u-- ,preparatory to opening fire4 ,hand dropped--,open fire4 ,elbow close to the side1 forearm waved horizontally--,cease fire4 ,,general ,,machine ,,gun ,,course4 ,extracts from ,war ,office ,letter ,no4 #i_/;,general ,number_/#digf 7,m4,t4 #b71 dated #adth ,may1 #aiae4 #a4 ,,personnel4 ,the following table shows the establishment of the ,service ,machine ,gun section to be maintained in the following units3--,new ,armies1 ,reserve ,units1 ,territorial ,force ,units1 ,colonial ,contingents4 ,unit4 ,officers4 ,sergeants4,corporals4,privates4 ,new ,armies 7,infantry ,battalions73-- ,service ,section #a #b #a #bd ,reserve ,section#b #a #b #a #bd ,reserve ,cavalry ,regiments #a #a #a #bd ,territorial ,force3-- ,yeomanry ,regiments #a #a #a #bd ,infantry ,battalions #a #b #a #bd #crd ,line ,depts #a #a #a #bd ,special and ,extra ,reserve ,infantry ,battalions3-- #a #a #a #bd #bnd ,reserve ,infantry ,battalions 7supplying #c ,battalions7#c #a #a #a #bd #bnd ,reserve ,infantry ,battalions 7supplying #b ,battalions7#c #a #a #a #ah #bnd ,reserve ,infantry ,battalions 7supplying #a ,battalion7#c #a #a #a #ab ,colonial ,contingents3-- ,cavalry ,regiments #a #a #a #bd ,infantry ,battalions #a #b #a #bd ,footnote #b3 ,see paragraph #c4 ,footnote #c3 ,until the ,second ,new ,army goes overseas1 #bnd ,reserve ,infantry ,battalions will all be considered as supplying one ,battalion for the purposes of this ,letter4 ,in draft producing units1 the personnel of machine gunners will always be maintained2 a reserve of men thoroughly trained in mechanism1 drill1 etc41 must be available to fill the gaps in the service section caused by drafting4 #b4 ,,ammunition4 #cjj rounds 7,territorial ,force ,units1 ,mark ,,vi41 other ,units1 ,mark ,,vii47 will be fired in the ,general ,machine ,gun ,course by each ,officer1 ,n4,c4,o4 and man of the existing service section or on his appointment thereto1 as soon as he is fit to fire4 ,exceptions3-- 7a7 ,men who have already fired a complete course3 7b7 ,men who have commenced a course previously approved will complete such course4 ,machine gunners of ,new ,army ,battalions1 other than #bnd ,reserve ,battalions1 will not commence the course until authority is given to do so4 ,ammunition allotted to ,machine ,gun ,sections is not to be expended for rifle firing4 #c4 ,,general ,,machine ,,gun ,,course4 ,,part ,i4 ,rounds allotted4 ,practice #a4-- ,grouping #aj #b4-- ,single shot1 traversing #aj #c4-- ,application #bj #d4-- ,vertical searching #bj #e4-- 7,omitted74 ,additional ,practice4-- ,swinging traverse #cj ,repetition #bj ------ #aaj ------ ,,part ,,ii4 7,range #djj yards for all ,practices except ,practice #ad47 ,time4 ,rounds ,seconds4 allotted4 ,practice #g4-- ,ranging #bj #h4-- 7,omitted74 #di4-- ,application #bj #cj #daj4-- ,traversing #ej #fj #aa4-- 7,omitted74 #ab4-- 7,omitted74 #ac4-- ,observation #bj #ad4-- ,fire at successive positions 7range #fjj yds4 to #bjj yds47 #dj -- ,total #agj ------ ,part ,i4 #aaj ------ ,part ,,ii4 #agj ------ ,surplus for repetition of indifferent shots to be pooled and used at the discretion of the ,commanding ,officer #bj ------ ,grand total #cjj ------ ,footnote #d3 ,classification practices4 ,notes4 ,,part ,i4 #a4 ,,additional ,,practice4--,for trench warfare1 and against dense targets at close range1 the 8,swinging ,traverse0 has been found necessary4 ,it in no way replaces the method of traversing by automatic tapping1 which should still be considered the normal method4 ,the swinging traverse is taught by teaching a man to traverse a machine gun instructional target evenly and smoothly in about #f seconds4 ,,part ,,ii4 #b4 ,,practice #aj4--;,it will be necessary to shorten the target1 as #dj rounds less are allowed for in this practice4 ,this will be done by using two #aj-;feet screens instead of three4 ,spaces will be #bj inches4 #c4 ,,practice #ac4--7;a7 ,if a field firing range is not available ,practice #aa will be substituted for this practice4 7b7 ,observation should be taken by three parties1 left1 right1 and centre1 who should change round after each firer4 ,section ,officers should ascertain that each man has observed from each position4 #d4 ,,practice #ad4--aj rounds will be fired at each of the four distances from #fjj yds4 to #bjj yds4 on the lines laid down in ,musketry ,regulations4 ,these rounds will be 8spaced out0 before commencing the practice1 and the firer will proceed to the next range on completing his #aj rounds1 whether he has secured a hit or not4 ,,classification4 #e4 ,machine gunners will be classified upon the result which they obtain in ,practices #i and #aj1 ,general ,machine ,gun ,course1 as follows3-- ,to be classified as a 8#ast ,class ,gunner0 #ej points4 ,to be classified as a 8,qualified ,gunner0 #be points4 ,points will be allotted in the classification practices on the same basis of scoring as laid down in paragraph #fdg1 ,musketry ,regulations1 ,part ,i41 #aiji 7reprint71 #aiad4 ,preliminary instruction in aiming and firing should be given by means of a ,rifle ,attachment4 ,a very satisfactory one can be obtained at small cost from ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,parker ,co41 ,whittall ,street1 ,birmingham4 ,illustration3 ,clamps ,the illustration is practically self-explanatory4 ,the large round clamps fit on the water jacket of the machine gun and the small clamps hold the rifle1 which can be adjusted to hit at exactly the same mark as the machine gun barrel is aimed at4 ,the trigger of the rifle is connected to the machine gun by the adjustable chain device shown4 ,the apparatus is in constant use at the ,schools of ,musketry1 and is the invention of ,armourer ,sergeant-,major ,hiscock1 of the ,motor ,machine ,gun ,section4 ,,war ,,establishments ,,of ,,new ,,armies1 #aiae4 #d ,guns4 #a ,subaltern4 #b ,sergeants4 #a ,corporal4 #bd ,privates4 #f ,drivers4 #a ,batman4 #a ,riding horse4 #ab ,draught horses4 #d ,g4,s4 limbered wagons4 ,the ,g4,s4 limbered wagons contain3-- #d guns with tripods4 #g1jjj rounds of ammunition in belts1 and #d ammunition pack saddles for lead horses4 #a pick-axe1 #a shovel1 and #a billhook are carried with each machine gun tripod as part of its equipment4 #fj sandbags per infantry battalion are carried for use with machine guns4 ,,notes ,,from ,,the ,,front4 ,points to ,remember4 ,conceal guns and men4 ,select best position to achieve the object you hope to achieve4 ,have alternative positions prepared4 ,provide effective obstacles4 ,keep guns and belts free from dirt4 ,give out any preparatory orders necessary4 ,be always ready to fire when wanted4 ,study the ground all round the position4 ,remember the value of cross fire4 ,keep your fire for the proper moment4 ,choice of ,gun ,positions4 ,the choice of a gun position must be governed by the following considerations3-- ,enfilade fire1 against the enemy and against ourselves4 ,overhead fire1 to support our own troops4 ,long-range fire1 against enemy's supports4 ,fire against houses1 etc41 in rear of enemy's line4 ,fire against likely places for enemy's machine guns4 ,concealment from enemy's artillery4 ,alternative positions4 ,lines of advance and retreat4 ,covered approach for ammunition carriers1 etc4 ,facilities for control of guns4 ,avoid3-- ,obvious positions4 ,positions easy to describe4 ,either from surroundings ,positions easy to arrange upon4 or maps4 ,positions near prominent objects or aiming-points4 ,ground which will facilitate observation of fire by the enemy4 ,employment of ,machine ,guns4 ,the fire of well-concealed machine guns may often be directed against3-- ,windows1 doors1 roofs1 etc41 of houses thought to be occupied4 ,areas of bush1 crops1 etc4 ,open spaces across which the enemy are dribbling in small parties in order to concentrate at another point4 ,the enemy's firing-line4 ,it may happen that machine guns are forced to open fire in self-defence1 or to assist the advance of the infantry in spite of the target offered not being a suitable one for machine guns4 ,any tendency1 however1 to open fire with machine guns without good reason must be suppressed4 ,machine ,guns and ,artillery4 ,every effort must be made to prevent machine guns being located by artillery4 ,if guns are shelled they must either3-- ,change their ,position at once4--,this would be the usual proceeding4 ,a movement of quite a short distance--say #ej yards--is quite sufficient in many cases2 or-- ,cease fire while detachments take cover until the shelling stops4--,if this be done1 the hostile artillery may think that the machine guns have been put out of action4 ,good targets may then present themselves1 and the guns may be able to reopen fire with good effect from the same position4 ,there have been several cases of machine guns firing against artillery with great success4 ,the following instances are quoted3-- 7a7 ,a section of machine guns worked forward to a concealed position #ijj yards away from a ,german field battery in action4 ,the section brought oblique fire to bear on the battery and completely silenced it4 7b7 ,a section took a ,german field battery in enfilade at #b1djj yards4 ,the battery was firing at the time1 the gunners fled from their guns1 and the battery was silenced4 ,,note4--,frontal fire by machine guns against shielded artillery can only be expected to produce moral effect4 ,this moral effect may1 however1 be considerable2 and1 in addition1 the machine gun fire may greatly hamper the supply of ammunition to the guns1 etc4 ,the ,occupation of ,various ,positions by ,machine ,guns4 ,barricades4--,when barricading roads1 bridges1 streets1 etc41 machine guns should not be placed on the barricade itself if equally good effect can be obtained by placing the guns in positions commanding the approaches to the barricade4 ,banks4--,the banks of rivers1 canals1 streams1 etc41 can be made use of for gun positions1 or covered lines of advance or retreat4 ,crops4--,standing crops often form useful cover for guns and concealed lines of advance1 etc4 ,ditches4--,these can often be used to enable machine guns to be pushed forward1 so as to bring oblique or enfilade fire to bear on the enemy4 ,great care must be taken not to show above the banks of the ditch4 ,a few men should be pushed along the ditch on the exposed flank as a protection against snipers1 counterattacks1 etc4 ,houses4--,houses may be used as follows3-- ,place the gun in the back of a room1 firing through an open window1 or a window from which a few panes of glass have been removed4 ,remove a few tiles from the roof1 and fire through the opening thus made4 ,should a house have two doors or two windows1 directly behind one another1 the gun may be placed in rear of the house1 and fire through these doors or windows4 ,place the gun in rear of the house1 so that oblique or enfilade fire can be brought to bear on the enemy4 ,if the house possesses a cellar1 the gun may be placed in the cellar1 a few bricks being removed1 so as to enable the gun to be fired from the ground-level4 ,in whatever position the gun is placed some protection should1 if possible1 be provided for the numbers1 such as an emplacement of sandbags1 stones1 bricks1 etc4 ,it should be remembered that if the gun is located in a building by the enemy's artillery1 it may be necessary to evacuate the building quickly2 arrangements must therefore be made to meet this contingency4 ,folds in the ,ground4--,great use can be made of folds in the ground for the concealment of machine guns4 ,the gun should be placed so as to enable the bullets to clear the crest1 while the gun and detachment are concealed as much as possible4 ,haystacks4--,these can be made use of as follows3-- ,hollow out front of haystack4 ,no4 #a sits in this hollow1 with his back against the hay4 ,the loose hay is piled up in front of the gun4 ,cut out a place for the gun on top of the haystack4 ,if possible1 make a rough platform of boards4 ,the gun then fires over the top of the ridge of the stack4 ,place the gun behind the haystack in such a manner that oblique or enfilade fire may be brought to bear on the enemy4 ,the gun is then entirely concealed from the front4 ,this is1 as a rule1 the best method of using a haystack4 ,hedges4--,can often be used as a covered approach and as fire positions giving cover from view4 ,a few men should be placed along the hedge1 on the exposed flank1 for protection4 ,mounds of ,earth1 ,roots1 etc4--,these may be used as follows3-- ,hollow out the mound from the rear1 so that the gun can fire from the hollow while it is concealed from the front4 ,planks1 sandbags1 etc41 can be used to support the earth4 ,fire over the top of the mound1 using the mound as a parapet4 ,place the gun behind the mound1 using the mound as a cover from the front1 while oblique or enfilade fire is brought to bear against the enemy4 ,stacks of ,wood4--,the stack may be hollowed out from the rear1 so that the gun can be placed inside the stack1 and fire to the front1 while being perfectly concealed from view4 ,the position can be strengthened by using sandbags inside the stack4 ,stooks of ,corn can also be used to provide cover from view4 ,trees4--,trees1 when in leaf1 may be used as possible gun positions4 ,trees with strong branches are necessary1 and a platform for the gun must be built in the branches4 ,tree-trunks can also be used to provide cover from view4 ,trenches4--,when guns are not used in trenches they should1 when possible1 be placed so as to bring oblique or enfilade fire against3-- ,the enemy's trenches4 ,the ground over which the enemy must pass1 should he attack4 ,our own front line trenches in case the enemy penetrates into them4 ,to achieve these objects guns may be placed3-- ,in a salient4 ,at the base of a re-entrant4 ,at the horns of a re-entrant4 ,at a bend in the trench4 ,in an emplacement jutting out from the general line of the trench4 ,in all cases the gun should1 if possible1 be covered from fire from the front1 and should be able to sweep the front of the entrenched line with cross fire4 ,thus1 although each gun may be firing to its flank1 its front is swept by the fire of a neighbouring gun4 ,arrangements should be made so that guns so placed may be able to fire to their front1 should an emergency make this desirable4 ,this can be done by3-- ,arranging that some sandbags can be removed and the gun fired to the front through the loophole thus made4 ,in this connection it must be remembered that3-- 7a7 ,if the sandbags are left in place for a considerable time without being removed1 they may become embedded and be found unmovable4 7b7 ,that loopholes filled with single sacks will not be bullet-proof4 ,training the gunners to3-- 7a7 ,remove the gun quickly from the tripod and fire from the top of parapet without it4 7b7 ,lift the gun and tripod out of the trench and fire it from some previously selected spot4 ,,note4--,both these methods require much practice4 ,every endeavour should be made to conceal the position of the gun from the front4 ,gun emplacements must therefore be made to appear exactly like the remainder of the trench or breastwork4 ,several emplacements should be made for each gun1 and practice should be made in moving guns quickly from one emplacement to another4 ,guns may be placed--,,in ,,the ,,front ,,line ,,of ,,trenches4--,this may be taken as the general rule4 ,,in ,,support ,,trenches4--,there are occasions when it may be advisable to place guns in the support trenches4 ,here they may be arranged so as to3-- ,prevent a further advance of the enemy should they capture the front line4 ,enfilade the front line should it be captured4 ,sweep the communication trenches4 ,,in ,,positions ,,in ,,rear4--,if the ground is favourable it may be possible to place guns1 in concealed positions1 in rear of the entrenched line4 ,they can be arranged so as to3-- ,fire over the trenches and sweep the ground in front4 ,fire through gaps in the defensive line4 ,command positions where the enemy may concentrate prior to the assault4 ,command positions likely to be occupied by the enemy's machine guns4 ,command covered approaches on the defensive line4 ,enable guns to fire on enemy's trenches with greater effect4 ,give overhead covering fire in case of an advance by our own troops4 ,general ,notes on ,trench ,work4 ,if guns are often used1 the positions from which they are fired should frequently be changed4 ,thus the enemy may be deceived as to the number and position of the guns4 ,emplacements should be numbered1 and range cards placed in each4 ,when taking over a line of trenches the machine gun officer must make careful arrangements for controlling the fire of his guns4 ,the machine gun officer must3-- 7a7 ,establish himself at a place where he can always be found4 7b7 ,keep in touch with his guns with the officers of the line of trenches he is assisting to defend4 7c7 ,arrange for ammunition supply4 7d7 ,arrange for reliefs4 ,towers1 windmills and other high buildings may often be used with advantage3-- ,for overhead fire4 7a7 ,cover the advance of friendly troops4 7b7 ,fire at attacking enemy over the heads of our own troops4 7c7 ,enable fire to be directed into enemy's trenches4 7d7 ,to direct the fire of guns situated in other positions4 ,woods1 especially when in leaf1 are often most valuable for concealing the position of guns4 ,care must be taken that the guns are not placed too near the edge of the wood or individual men expose themselves4 ,all communications between guns should be made in the wood1 well in rear of the guns4 ,alternative positions should be selected1 so that the guns may be moved rapidly from one to another if desired1 with as little loss of time as possible4 ,lines of retirement through the woods must be arranged and also lines of communication between guns and limbers thought out4 ,machine ,guns in ,action4 ,the ,attack4--,the guns should be dug in whenever it is possible to do so without giving away their position4 ,it is often impossible to see anything of the enemy4 ,therefore likely positions for him to occupy must be looked for4 ,surprise1 obtained by a concealed advance1 is essential to the successful handling of machine guns4 ,the progress of the infantry must be carefully watched1 with a view to pushing on a certain number of guns and to closely support them whenever possible4 ,the usual methods of supporting the infantry attack will be3-- 7a7 ,fire from the flanks4 7b7 ,overhead fire4 7c7 ,long-range searching fire4 7d7 ,fire from a forward position4 ,every opportunity for the use of overhead fire should be seized4 ,all suitable ground1 buildings1 etc41 that may enable this kind of fire to be used should be looked for4 ,the enemy's machine guns are the weapons that are most likely to hold up the attack4 ,therefore every effort should be made to locate them1 and to concentrate the fire of our own machine guns upon them4 ,it may sometimes be possible to use machine guns to search systematically all places in the area of attack likely to be held by the enemy4 ,this searching fire has undoubtedly considerable moral effect on the troops subjected to it1 and may greatly assist the subsequent infantry advance4 ,it requires1 however1 a large expenditure of ammunition4 ,if the preliminary reconnaissance is properly carried out1 it is quite possible for the guns employed for this purpose to remain undetected1 even though pushed well forward4 ,the general rules as to position of machine guns in attack are as follows3-- 7a7 ,the fire of a large proportion of the available guns should be carefully organized to cover the infantry advance4 7b7 ,this covering fire is no longer possible1 move up a proportion of the available guns either into1 or on to1 the flanks of the infantry firing-line4 7c7 ,a proportion of the guns should usually be held back as a reserve in the hands of the commander4 7d7 ,thus each gun has a definite duty to perform1 and co-operation between guns is assured4 ,it may be possible1 and advantageous1 to move forward a proportion of the guns with the attacking lines of the infantry4 ,the guns allotted to this duty will not take part in the covering fire1 but will keep themselves fresh and their ammunition intact1 in readiness for the advance4 ,their duties will be to3-- 7a7 ,help the infantry to gain fire superiority at the decisive point4 7b7 ,make good and hold positions won4 7c7 ,pursue the enemy by fire4 7d7 ,watch for and repel counterattacks4 7e7 ,enable the infantry to re-organize4 ,as enemy snipers are a particular source of annoyance to machine gunners1 they should be watched for4 ,the defence of prepared positions has been already dealt with under the heading of ,machine ,guns in ,trenches4 ,machine guns in any defensive position must be so organized that they can support each other mutually throughout any given section of the defensive line4 ,it must be remembered that the best positions for machine guns are not always the same by night and day4 ,it will often be necessary to move the guns from the night position to the day position before dawn4 ,rearguard ,action4--,the following points must be considered3-- ,a wide field of fire4 ,guns must be carefully concealed in the least obvious places4 ,covered lines of retreat must be carefully reconnoitred4 ,limbers must be close up1 to facilitate hasty retirement4 ,positions in rear must be chosen before the guns leave the position they are holding4 ,a proportion of the guns should occupy the position in rear1 before all guns retire from the forward position1 thus the retirement of the last guns can be covered4 ,village ,fighting4--,as soon as the infantry have made good one edge of the village1 the guns will be brought up as close to the firing-line as possible4 ,they will then search windows1 doorways1 roofs1 etc41 likely to be held by the enemy4 ,guns will be used to command cross-streets1 etc41 so as to guard against attacks on the flanks or rear of the infantry4 ,guns should also be posted on the edges of the village1 to prevent flank attacks4 ,during village fighting every use should be made of windows1 doors1 etc41 as machine gun positions 7see page #ajb74 ,co-operation4--,the necessity for co-operation between the machine guns taking part in any particular action cannot be overestimated4 ,not only should the individual gun of a particular unit work upon some definite plan for mutual support1 but the sections of all units that are operating together should co-operate with a view to obtaining the best results from their combined action4 ,this cannot be done in action unless it has been previously practised4 ,therefore great attention should be paid to training a number of guns to operate together for some specific purpose4 ,the following notes from overseas on machine guns1 compiled by ,capt4 ,e4 ,feilder 7,attached ,gen4 ,staff1 ,a4,t4,c471 are of considerable value3-- ,,instructions ,,for ,,machine ,,gun ,,officer4 #a4 ,the ,machine ,gun ,officer should have a complete knowledge of the nature of the action and the plans of the ,commander4 #b4 ,the ,commanding ,officer should inform the ,m4,g4 ,officer generally of the part he expects the guns to play1 and the particular assistance he requires from him4 #c4 ,the ,m4,g4 ,officer should then be allowed to form and carry out his own plan of action in such a way as best meets the requirements of the ,c4,o4 and the situation generally4 #d4 ,when possible1 ample time should be given the ,m4,g4 ,officer to make his arrangements4 #e4 ,he should not be given hurried orders at the last moment2 such a proceeding is very seldom necessary4 ,,suggestions ,,for ,,the ,,employment ,,of ,,the ,,machine ,,guns ,,of ,a ,,brigade ,,taking ,,part ,,in ,,an ,,attack ,,on ,,an ,,entrenched ,,position4 #a4 ,the whole of the machine guns must be organised under the command of one ,officer4 #b4 ,this ,officer1 in conjunction with the ,section ,officers1 must make detailed plans for the employment of the guns4 #c4 ,in this manner each gun or group of guns will have a specific task allotted to it4 ,before the action commences all concerned will thoroughly understand their duties4 #d4 ,it must be clearly understood by all ,officers of the ,brigade that the machine guns have definite tasks allotted to them4 ,that they are under the command of the ,brigade ,machine ,gun ,officer1 and are therefore not to be given orders or otherwise interfered with by other ,officers4 #e4 ,the plans of the ,b4,m4,g4,o4 will have been made in consultation with the ,brigade ,commander1 who will have explained to him the course that the action is expected to take4 ,all guns must be in their allotted places before the preliminary bombardment commences4 #f4 ,the ,machine ,guns will be allotted as follows3-- ,a4--,some to go forward with the ,attacking ,infantry4 ,these guns should not open fire until the infantry advance takes place4 ,their role will be to make good the ground gained by the infantry against counter attack4 ,they should advance in such a manner as to ensure their reaching the position gained by the infantry in safety4 ,the locality in which the guns will be mounted in the captured lines should be settled before the advance4 ,b4--,some to ,cover the ,infantry ,advance4 ,the possibility of using guns for this purpose and their positions if used depends on3-- #a4 ,the lie of the ground4 #b4 ,the position of your own and the enemy's trenches4 ,when their role of covering fire is completed they should automatically come again under the control of the ,b4,m4,g4,o41 who will give them further orders4 ,c4--,some ,detailed in ,pairs to ,engage the ,enemy's ,machine ,guns when these are ,located4 ,these may possibly go forward with the attacking ,infantry4 ,this will depend on the nature of the ground1 action1 etc4 ,d4--,some in ,reserve under the ,brigade ,commander4 ,these should be retained as a real reserve and not pushed too early into the fight4 ,if the attack is to consist of more than one phase1 that is to say1 of two or more distinct advances1 separate plans must be made for each4 ,arrangements for the supply of ammunition1 belt fittings1 ammunition depts1 etc41 must be made before the action commences4 ,one ,officer should be placed in charge of these arrangements4 ,the ,b4,m4,g4,o4 should remain with the ,brigadier4 ,he should provide himself with a suitable number of orderlies4 ,,co-,,operation4 ,the necessity for co-operation between the machine guns taking part in any particular action cannot be overestimated4 ,not only should the individual guns of a particular unit work upon some definite plan for mutual support1 but the sections of all units that are operating together should co-operate with a view to obtaining the best results from their combined actions4 ,this cannot be done in action unless previously practised4 ,therefore attention should be paid to training numbers of guns to operate together for some specific purpose4 ,,ranges4 ,the ranges fired at have varied from #ae yards 7at which1 in one instance1 a ,german rush was stopped71 to #b1hjj yds41 at which range a battery of the enemy's field artillery was silenced4 ,this brings out the importance of3-- #a4 ,the allowance for wind at long ranges4 #b4 ,the importance of range-taking1 range cards1 judging distance1 visual training1 reference points1 etc4 #c4 ,practice of the 8,swinging ,traverse0 for stopping rushes and dealing with dense targets at very close range4 #d4 ,practice of traversing by means of the 8,automatic ,tap0 for medium and long ranges4 ,,nature ,,of ,,targets ,,fired ,,at4 ,targets have been of all kinds1 such as3-- #a4 ,dense masses at all ranges4 #b4 ,extended lines at all ranges4 #c4 ,artillery on the move and in action4 #d4 ,edges of woods1 hedges1 ditches1 etc41 where enemy's firing-line was known to be1 but in many cases could not be seen4 #e4 ,enemy machine guns in all manner of positions1 usually invisible to the eye or even with glasses4 #f4 ,hollows1 wood1 and other cover under which the enemy was known to be concentrating4 #g4 ,searching fire to try and locate and beat down hostile fire that was being delivered from concealed positions4 ,the varied nature of the targets that the machine gunner may have to engage brings out the fact that the machine gunner must be very thoroughly trained1 and emphasizes the points brought out under 8,ranges1 ,fire ,orders1 ,indication and ,recognition40 ,,fire ,,orders4 ,while in a large number of instances it has been possible to give fire orders by word of mouth1 this will1 as a rule1 be only possible under exceptionally favourable circumstances4 ,thus the successful co-operation of the guns working under one leader will very largely depend on the mutual understanding that exists between the ,officer and his ,gun ,commanders4 ,therefore the ,officer must ensure that all those under him clearly understand3-- #a4 ,the part the machine guns are intended to play4 #b4 ,the plans of the ,machine ,gun ,officer4 #c4 ,the objects in view and the methods by which the ,machine ,gun ,officer hopes to attain them4 ,in this way1 even when individual control by the ,officer has been lost1 the desired effect will most likely be obtained1 for each ,gun ,commander will be striving to attain that effect1 though1 perhaps1 by different means4 ,,methods ,,employed ,,in ,,controlling ,,fire ,,of ,,section4 ,the following have been the usual methods3-- #a4 ,fire orders by word of mouth4 #b4 ,signals 7including flashlights1 etc474 #c4 ,telephones 7in one or two cases in trenches74 #d4 ,orderlies4 ,but whatever method is employed1 a thorough understanding between the ,officer and those under him is essential4 ,,number ,,of ,,guns ,,under ,,one ,,command4 ,one ,officer to a #d-;,gun ,section is not sufficient4 ,whether the guns are grouped under the supreme command of one ,senior ,officer1 or whether they work in sections1 there should always be one ,officer to each pair of guns4 ,,alternative ,,positions ,,arranged ,,for4 ,the great importance of alternative positions being arranged for cannot be overestimated4 ,the best way of moving the gun from one position to another without being seen should be studied4 ,if guns are located and shelled1 either3-- #a4 ,move guns at once to an alternative position or right away4 #b4 ,let the gunners cease fire and get under cover until the shelling ceases4 ,the first will be the more useful proceeding1 but success has been obtained several times with the second4 ,for example3-- ,on one occasion1 after shelling for some time1 the artillery ceased1 thinking1 no doubt1 that they had 8knocked out0 the machine guns4 ,massed enemy infantry then advanced1 the machine guns opening fire again from their old position with great effect4 ,the great importance of concealed approach in occupying positions must be impressed on ,machine ,gun ,officers4 ,,general ,,remarks ,,of ,,interest4 #a4 ,lack of any organised method of using machine guns4 ,young and inexperienced ,officers are left in many cases to do what they think best with their sections1 without any previous consultation or plan as to how guns can be most usefully employed4 #b4 ,lack of any attempt at co-operation between the sections of the units working together in any particular action4 #c4 ,lack of initiative and push4 ,this is usually due to want of knowledge4 ,though the machine gun is a weapon of opportunity1 opportunities seldom occur to those who passively await them4 ,a good ,machine ,gun ,officer1 by keeping himself thoroughly in touch with the situation1 must have an opportunity to use his guns with effect4 #d4 ,this lack of co-operation is seen both in the open and in trench work4 ,all this points to the fact that co-operation between the whole of the machine guns taking part in any action is not sufficiently studied4 ,,guns ,,brigaded ,,in ,,action4 ,on many of the occasions brought to notice in which machine guns have been brigaded they have achieved marked success1 but on the whole not sufficient use has been made of this method of obtaining the combined action of a number of guns4 8,brigading0 guns does not mean 8massing0 them4 ,it means the 8brigaded0 guns are employed with some definite plan under the direction of one ,officer4 ,in all cases where the action of brigade guns has been successful there has been3-- #a4 ,a thorough understanding of the plans of the ,brigadier by the ,b4,m4,g4,o4 #b4 ,conference between the ,b4,m4,g4,o4 and the ,section ,officers at which the arrangements for the employment of the machine guns were fully discussed4 #c4 ,definite orders to the ,section ,officers4 #d4 ,a proportion of the guns held in reserve under the ,b4,m4,g4,o4 ,but when the sections have been hastily collected together and placed under the ,b4,m4,g4,o41 without time for making the above arrangements1 the result has usually been that sections have been dispersed without definite orders or a complete understanding of the situation1 and effect has been lost4 ,in trench warfare the successful co-operation of the machine guns assisting in the defence of any particular section of the entrenched line has been obtained by3-- #a4 ,a previous reconnaissance of the whole line by the ,b4,m4,g4,o4 #b4 ,diagrams made of own and enemy's trenches4 #c4 ,the number of emplacements4 ,this has enabled rapid concentration of the requisite number of guns only on any one portion of the enemy's line1 and has prevented unnecessary opening of fire and the consequent waste of ammunition4 ,in many cases1 however1 ,officers in command of troops in sections of trench line have considered they are also in command of the machine guns placed in that portion of the trench occupied by their troops4 ,this has led to3-- #a4 ,the disadvantage of dual control4 #b4 ,the guns being placed in the same emplacement day after day4 #c4 ,the arrangements of ,machine ,gun ,officer being interfered with4 #d4 ,the guns being located by the enemy through an unnecessary opening of fire ordered by an ,officer who is not an expert in machine gun tactics4 ,,fire ,,orders4 ,the system of fire orders as taught at ,hythe previous to the war has been most successful4 ,machine ,gun ,officers are also of opinion that1 though it has often been impossible to give orders by word of mouth1 the systematic training of all ranks in this system tends to ease of control under difficult circumstances1 and when a number of guns are being employed for combined action4 ,this training forms a basis from which other methods of control can most easily be evolved1 and inculcates into the men the necessity for assuring themselves that any orders received by them are passed on by some means to those concerned4 8,,indication ,,and ,,recognition40 ,the methods of 8indication and recognition10 as taught at ,hythe before the war1 have proved most useful4 ,this fact has been brought out in the accounts of the most successful machine gun actions1 as has also the great value of the use of range cards and indication points4 ,targets are generally easy to indicate1 as men are more alert than in peace-time4 ,training in indication1 recognition1 fire orders1 and judging distance1 can be given at any time1 as no apparatus is required4 ,this is also valuable1 as it trains all ranks in a quick understanding of directions given1 study of ground1 and trains the eye in quick observation4 ,,working ,,guns ,,in ,,pairs ,,and ,,intervals ,,between ,,guns4 ,the necessity of using guns in pairs for mutual support in case of mechanical trouble no longer holds good4 ,guns in the open have usually been placed not less than #ej yards apart4 ,this enables the best use to be made of the ground as protection against artillery fire and for concealment4 ,in trench warfare guns should usually be placed singly1 arrangements being made for 8cross fire0 and mutual support between the guns of any particular section of the defensive line4 ,,observation ,,of ,,fire4 ,observation of fire has usually been obtainable up to #ijj yards1 and in favourable circumstances at even longer ranges4 ,even when the ground has been unfavourable1 observation has often been obtainable on water1 walls of houses1 enemy's parapet1 etc4 ,,overhead ,,fire ,,and ,,condition ,,of ,,ground4 ,during the fighting on the ,marne and on the ,aisne1 guns were often able to support the infantry advance to within #ajj yards of the enemy's position4 ,even on flat ground frequent instances are given where overhead fire has been used1 with excellent effect1 from buildings4 ,on the whole it would appear that not enough use is made of this fire4 ,this is a question that should be carefully studied by all ,machine ,gun ,officers4 ,,indirect ,,fire ,,by ,,graticules1 ,,level1 ,,aiming ,,posts ,,and ,,observation4 ,all the suggested methods have been used1 and in some cases compasses and maps as well4 ,effect has been obtained in the open and on enemy's concentrations at long ranges1 and in trench warfare on working parties1 ration parties1 communications1 etc41 behind the enemy's lines4 ,a great deal more could be done in this way if all guns were not almost invariably placed in trenches1 instead of a proportion being placed in suitable positions in rear1 and long-range fire employed4 ,all this points to the fact that a ,machine ,gun ,officer should be acquainted with all methods of employing indirect fire1 in order that he may be in a position to make the best of any opportunities that may occur4 ,,close ,,co-,,operation ,,by ,,machine ,,guns ,,with ,,the ,,front ,,lines ,,of ,,attacking ,,infantry4 ,very little information has been given on this subject1 but co-operation seems to have been very poor2 but this co-operation is made very difficult in many cases by3-- #a4 ,inability of the ,m4,g4 sections to keep pace with the attacking infantry4 #b4 ,the visibility of the methods employed of carrying the gun4 ,this leads to many casualties4 #c4 ,lack of tactical knowledge on the part of many of the more junior ,m4,g4,os4 #d4 ,lack of definite plans as to the role of the ,m4,gs4 before the action commences4 ,the two following examples serve to illustrate some of the above3-- #a4 ,in a recent attack1 owing to lack of any previous understanding between ,m4,g4,os41 eight ,m4,gs4 converged into one small section of a captured trench4 ,owing to lack of space only two of these guns were able to come into action4 #b4 ,in another instance during an attack1 six guns converged into one small house4 ,owing to lack of space1 etc41 only two of these guns were able to come into action4 ,before an attack a certain ,m4,g4 ,officer was told to await orders from his ,commanding ,officer4 ,he was forgotten and left behind4 ,in this case1 as soon as the ,officer realized that he had been forgotten1 he should have used his own initiative4 ,all these point to the fact that some arrangements for concerted action should be made4 ,n4 ,b4--,see 8,guns ,brigaded in ,action40 ,,obtaining ,,ammunition ,,from ,,limber ,,for ,,guns ,,when ,,attacking4 #a4 ,the usual system of using ,nos4 #c and #d as carriers is generally adopted4 ,often these numbers are not sufficient for the work4 ,it is then necessary to borrow men from neighbouring squadrons or companies4 #b4 ,the bringing up of ammunition is dangerous work2 therefore it is obviously best to avoid employing trained gunners if unskilled men are available4 #c4 ,in this manner you conserve your trained gunners for replacing casualties4 #d4 ,pack animals can sometimes be brought close to the firing-line when the ground is favourable1 thus saving manual labour4 #e4 ,several instances are given of confusion occurring during an attack1 owing to the limber moving without orders4 ,this should be guarded against4 ,,chief ,,mechanical ,,troubles4 ,the answer to this subject emphasizes the fact that when well looked after1 the ,maxim or ,vickers machine gun is thoroughly reliable4 ,except in very few cases all breakages may be said to be due to want of care4 ,the following are the principal troubles that have occurred3-- #a4 ,broken ,lock ,spring4 ,from inquiries made it would appear that many gunners keep their guns loaded with the lock spring compressed during the whole period that the gun is in the trenches4 ,this practice will be a fruitful source of broken lock springs4 ,the half loading motion should be performed1 and the lock spring released4 ,to complete the loading when required should not take more than one second4 #b4 ,bulged ,barrels4 ,these are due to mud getting into the barrel when the gun is being carried into the trenches1 while it is being mounted1 or through striking against the parapet when in position4 ,waterproof sheets or sandbags should be put round the gun when carrying it to or from the trenches4 #c4 ,wet ,belts4 ,these can generally be kept dry by covering the box with a waterproof sheet2 the exposed part of the belt also being covered by that part of the sheet that is hung over the gun4 #d4 ,muzzle ,cups 7,vickers' ,gun74 ,the reason for most of the breakages of these cups is that they are screwed up too tight1 thus allowing for no expansion of the metal of the barrel owing to heat4 ,at the same time they must not be too loosely screwed up1 as this will equally cause breakages4 #e4 ,stove ,pipe ,attachment4 ,complaints are made that this bursts at the seam4 ,this seam can easily be riveted by the armourer sergeant4 #f4 ,loose ,belts4 ,loose belts have given trouble owing to wear4 #g4 ,firing ,pins4 ,a number of firing pins have been broken4 ,beyond these few things mechanism troubles have been very rare4 ,,use ,,of ,,pack ,,transport4 ,pack transport for both cavalry and infantry has been found to be more mobile and less conspicuous than limbered wagons4 ,a combination of both is probably best4 ,in many cases1 before the war1 pack transport was never used2 thus when issued it was little understood4 ,sufficient attention is not paid to the selection of horses for pack work4 ,if the horses with easy action are selected the bad effects of undue jolting can be minimized4 ,putting on pack and getting in and out of action with it is too little practised4 ,,the ,,following ,,complaints ,,have ,,been ,,received4 #a4 ,canvas ammunition carriers soon wear out4 ,these can easily be reinforced with leather by a saddler4 ,a board placed underneath them with rope passed through the brass eyelets has been found very satisfactory4 #b4 ,jolting of the pack causes the ammunition to slip back in the belt1 leading to faults in feed4 ,boxes can be lined with tin from biscuit boxes4 ,ammunition has been carried in boxes that have been treated in this way for long periods without any movement of the ammunition4 ,,packing ,,and ,,carrying ,,guns ,,in ,,limber4 ,almost every detachment appeared to have a different method of packing their limbers4 ,it is advisable that gun1 tripod1 etc41 should be carried in the front portion1 as the rear half may have to be discarded4 ,in many cases boxes to hold the gun are fitted into the limber itself with good results4 ,converted guns are sent in boxes too long to fit the limber4 ,,breakages ,,to ,,limber4 ,perches1 brakes and perch hooks have frequently broken4 ,it is thought that brakes are too often used instead of horses being made to take the weight of the limber when descending hills4 ,,billets4 ,most ,machine ,gun ,officers appear to make every endeavour to keep their men in practice1 practice being daily given whether in or out of the trenches4 ,there are1 however1 exceptions1 who state that there is no time for training4 ,as all brigades doing trench work are similarly situated1 this points to lack of effort in those particular cases4 ,in very few cases is any physical training attempted4 ,this is one of the most important parts of the training of any man who has to carry a heavy weight at a rapid pace4 ,after several days of trench work this becomes more than ever necessary4 ,it is suggested that only the minimum number of men actually required to work the guns should be kept in the trenches4 ,the remainder of the team should be practised daily1 and every effort should be made to keep them physically fit4 ,in this way each man would do only very short periods of trench work1 and would be in every way better and more prepared for really strenuous work when required4 ,,to ,,train ,,new ,,men ,,for ,,gun ,,teams4 ,where instruction in billets is carried out on a properly organized system there would appear to be no difficulty in training considerable numbers of new men4 ,in certain brigades1 brigade machine gun courses are held under a selected ,officer2 the men attending these courses are kept out of the trenches for the duration of the course4 ,this would appear to be by far the most satisfactory arrangement4 ,many ,officers complain that as soon as they train a reserve team it is placed in the ranks1 the men fighting as ordinary riflemen4 ,thus after an action when reserve men are required to replace the casualties in the gun team1 it is generally found that many of these1 on whose training as machine gunners much time and trouble has been spent1 have been killed or wounded4 ,this is a mistaken policy4 ,in conclusion3-- #a4 ,trained machine gunners are too valuable to be risked on any work except their own particular job4 #b4 ,all trained reserves should be kept out of danger as much as possible until required to replace casualties4 #c4 ,at ordinary times four men per gun are ample for work in trenches2 the remainder should be kept in reserve4 #d4 ,a proper system of training should be established in each brigade4 ,,painting ,,of ,,guns4 ,it is suggested that guns should be painted on the rainbow smudge system1 in order to make them less conspicuous and visible4 ,,keeping ,,officers ,,in ,,practice4 ,it is very important that all ,officers1 when trained as machine gunners1 should be given opportunities of practice and of handling a section4 ,thus they will be ready to take over the section at any time1 if required4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration3 ,a ,silver ,model of a ,maxim ,gun4 ,war ,trophies ,souvenirs ,the ,goldsmiths ,silversmiths ,company have a selection of designs open for inspection or special designs can be prepared by expert artists free of charge4 ,shells1 fuses and other ,war ,souvenirs can be mounted in suitable manner at moderate prices4 ,estimates can be given for any work to be undertaken4 ,catalogues and ,photographs sent on application4 ,the ,goldsmiths ,silversmiths ,company1 ,ltd41 ,jewellers to ,h4,m4 ,the ,king4 #aab1 ,regent ,street1 ,london1 ,w4 ,no ,branches4 ,illustration3 ,,trade ,,mark4 ,,geo4 ,,cording ,,ltd4 ,illustration3 ,coat ,,guaranteed ,,waterproofs ,illustration3 ,by ,appointment ,to ,h4,m4 ,the ,king4 ,,waterproof ,,trench ,,coat ,lightweight #ij_/- ,medium #aje_/- ,heavy #aje_/- ,fleece ,linings #de_/- ,without ,rubber ,write for ,prices4 7lined ,oil ,silk7 7,write giving chest measure and length required47 ,,waterproof ,,boots ,,waders ,,overalls1 ,,oilskins ,,camp ,,hospital ,,equipment ,,geo4 ,,cording ,l,,td4 ,phones3-- ,regent #cgch ,gerrard #fcbg4 #abe1 ,,regent ,,street #af1 ,,new ,,bond ,,street ,london1 ,w4#a4 ,,pipe ,mc,g,i,l,l1 ,,ltd4 #bg1 ,maiden ,lane1 ,bedford ,st41 ,strand1 ,london1 ,w4,c4 #b4 ,actual ,manufacturers of ,officers' ,uniforms since #ahfh4 ,price ,list on ,application4 ,,best ,,material ,,and ,,workmanship ,,only4 ,phone3 ,gerrard #cfeg4 ,telegrams3 8,,weft1 ,,rand1 ,,london40 ,illustration3 ,coat ,the ,rimasop ,trench ,coat ,made by the old-established ,bond ,street ,house of ,rimell ,allsop1 this coat embodies the suggestions of ,british ,officers who have fought in ,france and ,flanders since the beginning of the ,war4 ,war experience has proved its practical value4 ,officers are invited to avail themselves of the experienced services of ,messrs4 ,rimell ,allsop in the selection of any kit1 either for ,ceremonial occasions or for the ,front4 ,a #af-page booklet will be sent post free to any address by ,rimell ,allsop1 ,sporting ,military ,tailors1 #ed1 ,new ,bond ,street1 ,london1 ,w4 ,,wright',s ,coal ,tar ,,soap is now known as the ,soldiers' ,soap4 ,it ,soothes1 ,protects1 ,heals4 ,bournemouth1 #aiaf4 ,dear ,sirs1 ,i am sending you an extract from my son's letter 7he is on active service1 somewhere in ,france74 ,i wrote asking if ,i should send him vermin powder1 and his reply is3 8,,don',t ,,send ,,any ,,vermin ,,powder1 ,,thanks2 ,i ,,use ,,wright',s ,,coal ,,tar ,,soap1 ,,that',s ,,as ,,effective ,,and ,,much ,,more ,,pleasant40 ,it seems to me a unique and spontaneous tribute to your soap4 ,yours truly1 ,s44444 #d;d4 ,,per ,,tablet4 ,illustration3 ,logo ,b4,s4,a4 ,,rifles ,,and ,,sights ,the very extensive ,b4,s4,a4 rifle and sight plant is at present exclusively engaged in the manufacture of service pattern arms for the ,war ,department4 ,the production of the various ,b4,s4,a4 target and sporting rifles and sights will be resumed as soon as the pressure due to the war eases off4 ,there are still remaining in stock a few rifles of #bej1 #cjj1 #caj1 and #cb_/bj bore4 ,,write ,,for ,,details1 ,,post ,,free4 ,b4,s4,a4 ,rifle 8,safetipaste0 ,,the 8,,no ,,trouble0 ,,rifle ,,barrel ,,preserver4 ,abolishes the arduous process of scrubbing out rifle barrels4 ,the bore of the barrel has merely to be coated with the preparation4 ,acid and other products of combustion at once rendered quite harmless4 ,rifle may safely be put aside for any period4 ,simply wipe out the bore before firing again4 ,its polish may be even more brilliant than before4 ,sold by all ,gunmakers at #a_/- per tube4 ,inventors and ,sole ,manufacturers3-- ,,the ,,birmingham ,,small ,,arms ,,co41 ,,ltd41 ,,birmingham4 ,h4 ,graham ,bennet1 ,uniform ,specialist1 #eh1 ,moorgate ,street1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 ,telephone ,no43 ,,london ,,wall #bje4 ,estimate for ,outfit for ,second ,lieutenant of ,infantry on joining ,unit 7,home ,service74 s4 d4 #a ,service ,jacket1 whipcord material #d #ad #f #a pair ,collar ,badges for ditto #j #f #f #a pair ,knicker-breeches1 whipcord material #a #aj #j #a ,service ,jacket1 fine grade serge #c #aj #j #a pair ,collar ,badges for ditto #j #f #f #a pair 8,slacks0 to match #a #e #j ,british ,warm ,coat 7,lined ,woollen ,plaid7 #c #ae #j #a pair ,gilt ,stars for shoulders of ditto #j #b #f ,sam ,browne ,belt1 fine grade1 with two braces1 frog1 holster1 pouch1 etc41 complete #b #e #j ,cap and ,badge #a #j #j #a pair ,spiral ,puttees #j #g #f ,haversack #j #g #f ,water ,bottle #j #ab #f ,whistle and ,lanyard #j #b #f ,great ,coat ,carrier1 best grade sling and swivels #j #h #f #c ,best ,quality ,khaki ,flannel ,shirts at #aj_/f #a #aa #f #f ,collars to match at #a_/f #j #i #j #b ,khaki ,silk ,knitted ,ties at #b_/f #j #e #j ------ ---- -- #bb #ai #j ,wolseley ,valise and ,camp ,kit complete #g #aj #j ------ ---- -- #cj #i #j ,infantry ,pattern ,burberry ,coat #c #ac #f ------ ---- -- #cd #b #f ------ ---- -- ,strictly ,net ,cash4 ,,note4--,the above figures are a quotation for the complete outfit1 and do not refer in every case to separate items4 ,all the above articles of best materials1 best cut and style and sound workmanship4 ,full detailed price list and list of regiments1 etc41 for which outfits have been supplied1 can be had on application4 ,speciality--,promptitude4 ,,benson',s ,,luminous 8,active ,service0 ,watch4 ,,visible ,,at ,,night4 ,,warranted ,,timekeepers4 ,illustration3 ,watch ,silver ,crystal ,glass1 #c #cs4 ,silver ,hunter or ,half ,hunter1 #c #aes4 ,gold ,crystal ,glass #h #js4 ,hunter or ,half ,hunter #h #ajs4 ,others in ,silver from #b #ajs4 ,fine quality lever movement1 fully luminous figures and hands1 and extra heavy ,screw case 7special to our make74 ,illustrated ,lists of ,wristlet ,watches1 ,rings 7with size card71 ,watches1 ,chains1 ,jewels1 etc41 post free4 #fb #fd1 ,,ludgate ,,hill1 ,e4,c4 #d1 and #be1 ,,old ,,bond ,,street1 ,w4 #a4 ,illustration3 ,we ,pyjama the ,world4 ,,always ,,wear 8,,swan-,,stripe0 ,pyjamas4 ,will not shrink4 ,known throughout the world as ,swan ,edgar's ,pyjamas4 ,,refuse ,,substitutes4 8,,mercerised0 7thin71 #f_/aa #c for #bj_/- ,,ceylon ,,wool1 ,medium ,weight1 #f_/aa #c for #bj_/- ,,best ,,wool ,,mixture1 #ab_/f #c for #cf_/- ,,heavy ,,pure ,,wool1 #ah_/f #c for #ed_/- ,,pure ,,silk1 #ba_/- #ce_/- #de_/- ,we hold the largest stock of ,pyjamas in ,london4 ,,all ,,pyjamas ,,sent ,,post ,,free ,,in ,u4,k4 ,height and ,chest ,measurement required4 ,swan ,edgar ,,ltd4 ,regent ,street and ,piccadilly1 ,london1 ,w4 ,illustration3 ,,oxo is particularly valuable for use on the ,field1 in the ,hospital1 in the ,canteen and in ,training ,it aids and increases nutrition and stimulates and builds up strength to resist climatic changes2 it is invaluable for all who have to undergo exertion either to promote fitness or to recuperate after fatigue4 ,,oxo1 ,ltd41 ,thames ,house1 ,london1 ,e4,c4 #d4 ,don't forget to take ,,bryant ,,may',s 8,,kampite0 ,,safety ,,trench ,,cooker ,illustration3 ,cooker ,,no ,,spirit ,,no ,,liquid ,,safe1 ,,clean ,,reliable ,complete with collapsible stand and six fuel blocks4 ,made by ,,bryan ,,may1 ,,ltd41 ,manufacturers of the celebrated #8,brymay' ,safety ,matches ,swan ,vestas ,smart ,yet ,dependable ,prior to the invention of ,,the ,,tielocken1 a ,weatherproof combining the smart ,service appearance requisite to the ,soldier1 with such protective powers as would enable it to resist the heaviest downpour and keenest wind1 may be said to have been non-existent4 ,in every case one quality had to be sacrificed for the benefit of the other1 and to-day ,,the ,,tielocken ,illustration3 ,coat is the only ,service top-coat that successfully unites both these essential characteristics4 ,its design ensures that1 from chin to knees1 every vulnerable part of the body is doubly protected4 ,it affords effective security1 yet is healthfully self-ventilating--excludes heavy rain1 yet is free from rubber or other air-tight fabrics--is airylight1 and yet warm in chilly weather4 ,another advantage is its quick adjustment4 ,a belt holds securely--no buttons to fasten4 ,,new ,,kit ,,burberrys supply well-tailored ,uniforms in ,burberry-proofed cloths1 suitable for any part of the world1 as well as every detail of equipment4 ,officers' ,complete ,kits in #b to #d ,days or ,ready for ,use4 ,illustrated ,military ,catalogue ,post ,free4 ,,burberrys ,haymarket ,,london #h #aj ,boulevard ,malesherbes ,,paris2 ,basingstoke and ,provincial ,agents ,illustration3 ,boot ,the ,best ,boots for ,active ,service are ,faulkners' ,norwegians in their ,illustration3 ,boot ,special ,service ,leather4 ,the ,smartest ,boots for ,home ,service are ,faulkners' ,field ,boots4 ,write for ,descriptive ,booklets of ,boots1 ,leggings and ,spurs2 also ,self-,measurement ,apparatus if unable to call4 ,faulkner ,son ,,specialists ,,in ,,service ,,boots ,,leggings4 #ea #eb1 ,,south ,,molton ,,street1 ,,london1 ,w4 #a4 ,and #bf1 ,trinity ,street1 ,cambridge4 ,freedom4 8,it is not to be thought of that the ,flood ,of ,british freedom1 which to the open ,sea ,of the world's praise from dark antiquity ,hath flowed1 #8with pomp of waters1 unwithstood1' ,roused though it be full often to a mood ,which spurns the check of salutary bands1 ,that this most famous ,stream in ,bogs and ,sands ,should perish2 and to evil and to good ,be lost for ever4 ,in our ,halls is hung ,armoury of the invincible ,knights of old3 ,we must be free or die1 who speak the tongue ,that ,shakespeare spake2 the faith and morals hold ,which ,milton held4--,in everything we are sprung ,of ,earth's first blood1 have titles manifold40 ,william ,wordsworth1 #ahjb4 ,,charing ,,cross ,turkish ,baths ,,nevill',s ,northumberland ,avenue ,,pronounced ,,to ,,be ,,the ,,finest ,,in ,,europe ,are the last word in ,comfort and ,luxury ,cure ,rheumatism1 ,lumbago1 ,sciatica1 ,colds1 ,strains1 ,stiffness1 ,etc4 ,,they ,,make ,,and ,,keep ,,you ,,fit 444 ,and at ,,london ,,bridge1 ,,broad ,,street1 ,,city1 ,,edgware ,,road1 ,etc41 ,etc4 ,,these ,,books ,,will ,,help ,,you ,,platoon ,,company ,,drill ,compiled by the ,commandant and ,staff of the ,london ,district ,school of ,instruction1 ,chelsea ,barracks4 ,illustrated4 ,the last word in ,drill4 ,price #a_/-1 post free #a_/a4 ,,battalion ,,drill ,,illustrated ,a very practical work widely used throughout the country4 ,fully illustrated4 ,price #a_/- net1 post free #a_/a4 ,,duties ,,for ,,all ,,ranks ,will be of considerable help to you4 ,gives all duties from the ,private to the ,c4,o4 ,etiquette1 ,officers' ,messes1 hints to young ,officers1 how to look after your ,platoon1 c41 c4 ,price #f;d4 net1 post free #g;d4 ,,knowledge ,,for ,,war ,every ,officer's handbook for the ,front4 ,based on the ,war ,office ,syllabus4 ,expert information on every subject which an ,officer must know before being selected for service in the field4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net1 post free #bs4 #h;d4 ,,courts-,,martial ,,for ,,presidents ,,and ,,members ,a complete guide to this intricate subject by a ,d4,a4,a4 and ,q4,m4,g4 ,price #e_/-1 post free #e_/e4 ,,rifle ,,shooting ,,for ,,war ,a valuable adjunct to ,musketry ,regulations4 ,price #f;d4 net1 post free #g;d4 ,send a postcard for full ,list of ,books3 ,,harrison ,,sons1 ,printers in ,ordinary to ,his ,majesty1 ,,st4 ,,martin',s ,,lane1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ,,military ,,publications ,swedish ,drill ,illustrated ,the ,maxim of the ,moment ,,get ,,fit6 ,,for ,,everybody ,written by ,army ,gymnastic ,expert4 ,plain1 ,simple and ,concise ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,recruit ,training 7,infantry7 #aiad ,an aid to an ,instructors ,,net -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,,adopted ,,by ,,commanders ,,everywhere ,infantry ,pocket ,book ,a ,great ,boon for ,infantry ,officers and ,n4,c4,os4 ,full of ,everyday ,hints and ,data ,,with ,,specially ,,ruled ,,pages ,,for ,nominal ,roll1 ,duty ,roster1 ,register1 c41 c4 ,,price #a_/- ,,net ,,post ,,free #a_/a ,from the ,front3 ,notes for the ,new ,armies ,full of ,valuable ,hints ,written from ,personal ,experience ,much can be learnt from this book which will prove extremely serviceable ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,squad ,drill ,illustrated ,practically ,written ,graphically ,depicted ,including ,,section ,,drill ,,platoon ,,drill ,,rifle ,,exercises ,,extended ,,order ,can be understood by anybody ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,company ,drill ,illustrated 7,,in ,,red ,,cover7 ,illustrating clearly each movement and showing the positions of commanders ,,the ,,next ,,book ,,to 8,,squad ,,drill0 ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,battalion ,drill ,illustrated ,indispensable to ,officers and ,n4,c4,os4 ,full of ,graphic ,illustrations ,a wealth of detail invaluable to all who are in command of ,units of any denomination ,,price #a_/- ,,net ,,post ,,free #a_/a ,guard ,duty ,illustrated ,direct--,simple--,useful ,full of ,information ,invaluable alike to the ,regulars ,volunteers ,all you want to know about ,guard ,duties ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,handbook for ,company ,officers ,a ,valuable ,aid for all ,officers and ,n4,c4,os4 ,,handy ,,size #a_/f ,,cloth ,,bound ,,post ,,free #a_/i 8,this convenient and well-arranged handbook sets out in clear and simple language an epitome of the duties which fall to a company officer and a group leader40 ,duties for all ,ranks ,a ,compendium of ,information ,specially compiled1 clear and concise1 embracing ,adjutant's ,duties4 ,officers' ,messes ,a ,guide for all--,regulars and ,volunteers--from ,c4,o4 to ,private ,every ,officer1 ,n4,c4,o4 and ,private should have a copy of this ,manual ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,knowledge for ,war ,expert information on all ,subjects taken under the ,w4,o4 ,syllabus ,,every ,,officer',s ,,handbook ,,for ,,the ,,front ,,price #b_/f ,,net ,,post ,,free #b_/i ,written by ,experts4 ,send a postcard for full syllabus ,platoon ,company ,drill ,the ,chelsea ,barracks ,text ,book ,,officially ,,adopted ,,by ,,the ,,war ,,office ,see ,september1 #aiaf1 ,army ,orders ,,price #a_/- ,,net ,,post ,,free #a_/a ,rifle ,shooting for ,war ,a ,practical ,illustrated ,book ,the outcome of the experience of an ,international ,rifleman ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,fire ,orders ,direction ,control ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,aids to ,musketry ,a ,valuable ,manual on an ,important ,subject ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,machine ,gun ,manual ,with ,drill1 ,fire ,orders ,notes from the ,front ,a ,,complete ,,manual ,,to ,,machine ,,gunnery ,maxim--,vickers--,lewis--,colt--,hotchk iss ,,price #a_/- ,,net ,,post ,,free #a_/b ,trench ,sketching ,illustrated ,a ,booklet of extreme practical value ,,compass ,,and ,,periscope ,,work ,,price -_/#i ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,tenpence ,the ,war ,manual ,two ,volumes ,now ,ready ,full ,prospectus ,post ,free ,,price #e_/- ,,net ,,each ,courts-,martial ,full ,proceedings thoroughly described ,,invaluable ,,to ,,all ,,officers ,should be in every ,mess ,,price #e_/- ,,net ,,post ,,free #e_/c ,summaries of ,evidence ,courts of ,enquiry1 c4 ,will help you over many a fix ,with complete formulas and examples ,,price -_/#i ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,tenpence ,modern ,range ,finders ,will increase the efficiency of the ,range ,finder in everyday use ,a thoroughly descriptive ,booklet ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,miniature ,rifle ,ranges ,fully ,illustrated ,really ,practical ,all owning or about to own a range should have this book ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,bayonet ,fighting for ,war ,with #ee ,photographic ,illustrations ,,the ,,ju-,,jitsu ,,of ,,bayonet ,,work ,valuable knowledge in a tight corner ,,price -_/#i ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,tenpence ,company ,platoon ,commands ,a ,pocket ,aid to ,memory ,,price -_/#c ,,net ,,post ,,free -_/#c ,automatic ,pistols ,revolvers ,every ,officer should peruse this book ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,artillery ,field ,formul ,for #ah-pr4 and #ae-pr4 ,b4,l4,c4 ,,all ,,the ,,necessary ,,data ,,at ,a ,,glance ,compact for the ,pocket4 ,printed on ,linen ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,the 8,sight-,angle0 ,sketch ,block 7,terrell's ,patent7 ,for the making of ,perspective ,sketches ,,invaluable ,,for ,,artillery ,,infantry 7,with full ,directions and ,specimen7 ,,sketch ,,block #c_/- ,post ,free #c_/d ,waterproof case for same #b_/f ,post ,free #b_/h ,case and ,block complete #e_/f ,post ,free #f_/- ,maze ,drill ,illustrated ,a ,valuable ,adjunct for ,training ,,price #a_/- ,,net ,,post ,,free #a_/b ,english-,flemish ,military ,guide ,wholly elaborated close to the line of battle1 where the first editions have also been printed and sold ,,price -_/#aj ,,net ,,post ,,free #a_/- ,invaluable to all ,troops proceeding to ,flanders ,military ,guide for the ,eastern ,campaign ,extremely helpful to those in or about to proceed to ,,egypt1 ,,salonica1 ,,mesopotamia1 c4 ,with ,field ,vocabulary in ,english-,french-,greek-,turkish ,,price #b_/f ,,net ,,post ,,free #b_/i ,physical ,drill for ,home ,defence ,corps ,with ,illustrations and ,specimen ,lessons ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,english-,french ,guides ,vade-,mecums ,full ,list ,post ,free ,canvas and ,camaraderie ,a ,charming ,souvenir for your ,friends ,,fully ,,illustrated 8,should prove a blessing in every camp1 the collection of songs being most interesting40 ,vide ,,press4 ,,price -_/#f ,,net ,,post ,,free ,,sevenpence ,field ,states ,british ,expeditionary ,force ,,and ,,other ,,data ,,price #a_/- ,,net ,,post ,,free #a_/a 8,a mass of data2 strength1 road space1 animals1 transport1 tools1 medical services1 bridging material1 camp billets1 etc42 of great value for quick reference40 ,,smart1 ,,serviceable ,,and ,,soldierly4 ,illustration3 ,officer ,let the ,leading ,military ,tailors make your kit and you are assured of quality in material1 soldierly smartness in cut1 correctness in detail1 and strict moderation in cost4 ,thresher's ,guide illustrates and describes everything in ,officers' ,uniforms and ,equipment4 ,the long experience and wide knowledge which it embodies are invaluable to the ,cadet receiving a commission who wishes to be well and efficiently equipped without throwing away money4 ,the ,guide is kept constantly up-to-date1 fresh editions1 containing the latest information1 being frequently published4 ,write for ,guide 7,e7 to ,kit and ,equipment4 ,a ,,few ,,prices4 s4 d4 ,whipcord ,f4 ,s4 ,jacket #d #d #j ,slacks #a #ab #f ,bedford ,cord ,riding ,breeches #c #c #j ,service ,cap #j #ae #f ,british ,warm from #d #d #j ,sam ,browne ,belt and ,shoulder ,strap #a #g #f ,illustration3 ,by ,appointment to ,h4,m4 ,the ,king4 ,,thresher ,,glenny #aeb #aec1 ,,strand ,,london1 ,w4,c4 #b4 ,estd4 #ahej4 ,elvery's ,ltd4 8,waterproof0 ,trencher ,illustration3 ,coat ,,elvery',s ,,trencher is made of 8,triple-proofed0 fabric without the aid of ,oilsilk or ,cotton1 and is unsurpassed as a reliable 8,trench ,coat40 8,,land ,,water0 says3 8it is a good coat worthy of the consideration of all officers in need of a really reliable coat40 ,best make finish1 special value1 #d gns4 ,active ,service ,waterproof1 #c gns4 7,guaranteed ,stormproof47 ,elvery's are waterproof ,experts1 and are replete with all ,waterproof ,kit ,requirements1 ,boots1 ,leggings1 ,gloves1 etc4 ,complete ,war ,office ,kit1 #g #ajs4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,elvery ,,co41 ,ltd41 ,waterproof ,specialists1 ,,elephant ,,house1 ,estd4 #ahej1 #ca1 ,,conduit ,,street1 ,,london1 ,w4 7,one door from ,new ,bond ,street71 ,and at ,,dublin ,,cork4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcriber',s ,,notes #a4 ,moved ads prior to the title page to the end of the text4 #b4 ,silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling4 #c4 ,retained archaic1 non-standard1 and uncertain spellings as printed4 #d4 ,re-indexed footnotes using numbers4 #e4 ,enclosed italics font in underscores4 #f4 ,enclosed bold font in equals4 #g4 ,denoted superscripts by a caret before a single superscript character1 e4g4 ,mr4 #h4 ,on page #hg of the original book1 8are as on pages 40 is printed that way4