,,books ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,john ,c4 ,,van ,,dyke ,art = ,art's #a4ej ,sake4 ,univ]sity ,lectures on ! ,te*nical ,beauties ( ,pa9t+4 ,) #bd ,illu/rations4 #abmo ,! ,mean+ ( net ,pictures4 #a4be ,univ]sity ,lectures at ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york4 ,) #ca ,illu/rations4 #abmo ,/udies 9 net ,pictures4 ,an #a4be ,introduction to ! ,fam\s ,gall]ies4 ,) #dj ,illu/rations4 #abmo ,:at is ,art8 net ,/udies 9 ! #a4jj ,te*nique & ,criticism ( ,pa9t+4 #abmo ,text ,book ( ! #a4ej ,hi/ory ( ,pa9t+4 ,) #aaj ,illu/rations4 #abmo ,old ,dut* & #g4ej ,flemi% ,ma/]s4 ,) ,timo?y ,cole's ,wood-,engrav+s4 ,sup]royal #hvo ,old ,engli% #h4jj ,ma/]s4 ,) ,timo?y ,cole's ,wood-,engrav+s4 ,sup]royal #hvo ,mod]n ,fr5* #aj4jj ,ma/]s4 ,writt5 by ,am]ican ,arti/s & ,edit$ by ,pr(4 ,van ,dyke4 ,) #ff ,full-page ,illu/rations4 ,sup]royal #hvo ,nature = ,its ,own #a4ej ,sake4 ,fir/ ,/udies 9 ,natural ,appe>ances4 ,) ,portrait4 #abmo ,! ,des]t4 net ,fur!r ,/udies 9 #a4be ,natural ,appe>ances4 ,) ,frontispiece4 #abmo ,! ,opal ,sea4 net ,cont9u$ ,/udies #a4be 9 ,impressions & ,appe>ances4 ,) ,frontispiece4 #abmo ,! ,money ,god4 net ,*apt]s ( ,h]esy #a4jj & ,diss5t conc]n+ ,bus9ess ,me?ods & ,m]c5>y ,ideals 9 ,am]ican ,life4 #abmo ,! ,new ,new ,york4 net ,a ,comm5t>y on #d4jj ! ,place & ! ,p4 ,) #abe ,illu/rations by ,joseph ,p5nell ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,palma ,,vec*io1 ,santa ,b>b>a 7detail7 ,s4 ,m4 ,=mosa1 ,v5ice4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,pictures ,,six ,,lectures ,,giv5 ,,= ,,columbia ,,univ]sity ,,at ,,! ,,metropolitan ,,museum ,,( ,,art ,,by ,,john ,c4 ,,van ,,dyke ,,au?or ,,( 8,,art ,,= ,,art',s ,,sake10 8,,nature ,,= ,,its ,,own ,,sake10 ,,etc4 ,,) ,,illu/rations ,,new ,,york ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons #aiaa ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,copyright1 #aijh1 ,,by ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons ,publi%$1 ,febru>y1 #aijh ,illu/ration ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,to ,,william ,,cr>y ,,br[nell ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,preface ,,j h[ we %\ld look at pictures1 j h[ we %\ld judge ( !m1 is n = any "o p]son to say4 ,we all h our diff]5t ways ( e/imat+ art2 & art is capable ( be+ e/imat$ 9 diff]5t ways4 ,9 ^! lectures ,i h endeavor$ to set =? ! v>i\s po9ts ( view4 ,! pa9t]'s conception has receiv$ p]haps ! prim>y att5tion1 b ,i h giv5 ! public's conception ( ! picture also4 ,nor d ,i mean to apologize = argu+ bo? sides ( ! case4 ,art might be bett] und]/ood1 if !re 7 less special plead+ & !oriz+ ab\t x4 ,x is s l>gely dep5d5t ^u ! individual make-up ( ! arti/1 t any precise !ory ab\t x mu/ fall %ort ( ! m>k4 ,in/ead ( qu>rell+ ov] t]ms & try+ to put ! opposition 9 ! wrong1 x w\ld be bett] frankly to exam9e ! product 9 ! light ( ! produc]'s int5tion & draw our conclusions f t4 ,we %\ld n always agree1 b t is all ! m reason = tol]ance & lib]ality4 ,j4 ,c4 ,v4 ,d4 ,,rutg]s ,,college1 ,novemb]1 #aijb ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i4 ,tru? 9 ,pa9t+4--,!ory ( #a realism--,! old ma/]s z reali/s--,& ! ,dut* pa9t]s--,absolute realism impossible--,! real & tru? def9$--,art a s]ies ( signs--,recogniz+ ! conv5tion--,9 poetry1 music1 & pa9t+--,grasp+ ! arti/'s int5tion--,realism m]ely ! elaboration ( ! sign--,millet vs4 ,meissoni]--,attitude ( ! reali/s--,k9ds ( tru?--,! cam]a vs4 ! human eye--,individual tru?s--,national tru?s--,univ]sal tru?s--,great art univ]sal 9 scope--,greatness z %[n 9 ,rembr&t1 ,titian1 & ,velasquez--,art tru?s bo? great & small--,millet vs4 ,grme--,tru? by sugge/ion--,mi*ael ,angelo & ,%akespe>e--,! tru? ( hi/ory--,& ( ar*ology--,! tru? ( art--,! law ( sacrifice1 ,velasquez vs4 ,bonnat--,realism n ! sum-total ( art--,b its value n to be d5i$ ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,individuality or ! ,p]sonal #ca ,elem5t4--,! p]sonal equation--,v>iations 9 h&writ+s--,diff]5t po9ts ( view--,diff]5t views ( l&scape--,sket*es ( ! model 9 ! class-room--,v>iations 9 portraiture--,diff]5ce betwe5 ! cam]a & our eyes--,individual /yles 9 lit]ature--,& 9 art--,p]sonal qualities ( ! pa9t] 9 8 "w--,c>paccio & ,bell9i--,mi*ael ,angelo 9 ! ,si/9e--,rembr&t 9 8 pictures--,giorgione1 ,correggio1 ,corot1 ,raphael1 ,titian--,dr]'s 8,*ri/ on ! ,cross0--,! disagreeable p]sonality 9 art--,vulg>ity1 brutality1 & insipidity--,conceit 9 pa9t+--,! insi/5t p]sonality--,ecc5tricity vs4 individuality--,! lo/ individuality--,! copyi/ & ! reali/--,! academic patt]n--,imp]sonal art--,great art above laws & =mulas--,some?+ m to pa9t+ ?an individuality & realism ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,imag9ation ( ! ,arti/4--,! act #fj ( see+--,p]ception--,unconsci\s see+--,colors z se5 by ! anci5ts--,see+ ! model--,necessity ( imag9ative see+--,! imag9ation z ord9>ily employ$--,z employ$ 9 portrait pa9t+--,! di/ort$ view--,! cam]a vs4 ! eye ( ! arti/--,mi*ael ,angelo 9 ! ,si/9e aga9--,t9toretto's di/ortions--,claude ,monet's lights--,impossibility ( creat+ anew--,! imag9ation sep>at+ a "p f ! :ole--,9 poetry & pa9t+--,9 co9s1 m>ble1 & bronzes--,! comb9+ imag9ation--,inspiration vs4 composition--,all ! great ma/]pieces h be5 compos$ & labor$ ov]--,goe!'s 8,fau/0--8,! ,anci5t ,m>9]0--,turn]'s m>9es & ,v5etian sc5es z flights ( imag9ation--,imag9ation ( ,paolo ,v]onese--,t9toretto's 8,ariadne & ,bac*us0--,8 ,scuola ,san ,rocco pictures--,rusk9's explanation ( !m--,fancy--,! s]i\s vs4 ! clev] 9 pa9t+--,! fanta/ic--,! biz>re--,c>icature & ! grotesque--,! bomba/ic & b>oque ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,pictorial ,poetry4--,! argum5t = #hg poetry 9 art--,ideas suitable = diff]5t arts--,confusion ( m$iums ( expression--,pictorial poetry n lit]>y poetry--,pa9t+ deals ) =ms & colors1 n s\nd--,millet's 8,angelus0--,! division ( ! arts--,! "t limit 9 pa9t+--,! picture _c disclose "t--,:at is pictorial poetry--,lit]>y & pictorial !mes--,writ]s :o pa9t ) words--,sp5s]1 ,%akespe>e1 ,scott1 ,mat!w ,arnold--,limits ( pictorial expression--8,feel+0 9 art--,s5tim5t & emotion1 h[ sugge/$--,feel+ 9 lit]>y poetry & 9 music--,also 9 pa9t+--,religi\s feel+ ( e>ly ,italians--,fra ,angelico1 7,b5ozzo7 ,gozzoli1 ,botticelli--,s9c]ity ( ,c>paccio & ,bell9i--,feel+ = life1 light1 & color ) ,giorgione & ,correggio--,! pa?os ( ,rembr&t--,& ( ,millet--,! peasants ( ,france & ,holl&--,_! beauty ( "*--,! poetry ( l&scapes1 ( sea views1 ( int]iors--,indef9it5ess ( ! pictorial ?\ght--,! picture n a good vehicle = ab/ract ideas--,b well fitt$ = emotional expression--,poetry 9 ! means ( expression ,,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,decorative ,quality4--,disagreem5t #aad betwe5 ! pa9t] & ! public--,! 8av]age p]son0 9 ! gall]y--,! pa9t] 9 ! gall]y--,art z repres5tation vs4 art z decoration--,! arti/ devot$ to ! decorative--,art has always be5 decorative--,orig9 ( pa9t+--,9 ! ,/one ,age--,primitive man z arti/--,! arti/ 9 ,egypt--,9 ,assyria & ,greece--,fill+ ( space on ,greek co9s--,! ,go?ic ,age & decoration--,giotto1 ,masaccio--,l9e-composition ) ,raphael & ,mi*ael ,angelo--,light-&-%ade composition ) ,leon>do1 ,correggio1 ,giorgione--,color-composition ) ,titian & ,paolo ,v]onese--,art hi/ory expla9$ on purely te*nical gr\nds--,titian & 8 ideas 9 art--,! ,decad5ce & :y x came--,lack ( te*nical skill--,:y art fl\ri%$ 9 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury ) ,rembr&t1 ,rub5s1 & ,velasquez--,! decorative 9 mod]n art--,revision ( te*nical me?ods by ,millet1 ,manet1 & ,monet--,advance ( pa9t+ ) new discov]ies--,! spontaneity ( art--,mat]ials & ! craftsman 9 lit]>y art--,abs5ce ( ! decorative 9 ,walt ,:itman & ,holman ,hunt--,! la/+ value ( ! decorative--,! 8,v5us ( ,milo0 & ,titian's 8,sacr$ & ,pr(ane ,love0--,& ,%akespe>e aga9 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,subject 9 ,pa9t+4--,art = ! #aci arti/--,! voice ( ! public 9 ! "w ( art--,! old ma/]s work+ = ! ,*ur*--,v>i\s views ( art held by arti/s--,p>tisan views & _! advocates--,extravagant views 9 lit]ature--,mr4 ,:i/l] on pa9t+--,advocates ( ! decorative only--,! mean+ ( pictures aga9--,! subject _c be omitt$--,mr4 ,:i/l]'s m>9es--8,patriotism0 9 pa9t+--,velasquez1 ,rembr&t1 ,frans ,hals all %[ x--,all pa9t+ mu/ illu/rate some?+--,hi/orical pa9t+--,:i/l] & ,monet illu/rat+ ! social hi/ory ( _! "t--,! illu/rative quality ( ,italian art--,:i/l]'s 8,:ite ,girl0 vs4 ,palma ,vec*io's 8,santa ,b>b>a0--,! ,dut* z subject pa9t]s--,! hi/orical l&scapes ( ,claude & ,turn]--,! /ory 9 pa9t+--,titian's 8,sacr$ & ,pr(ane ,love0 once m--,! silly incid5t & ! degradation ( pa9t+--,h[ ! old ma/]s work$ ^u giv5 subjects--,! subject 9 ! 8,si/9e ,madonna0--,! subject 9 pa9t+ to be treat$ illu/ratively--,ca?olicity ( ta/e--,education--,_m elem5ts unit$ 9 8great art0--,conclusion ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,palma ,,vec*io1 ,,/4 ,,b>b>a ,frontispiece 7,,detail74 ,,page ,i4 ,,holbe91 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,man1 #h ,,ii4 ,,b5ozzo ,,gozzoli1 ,,adoration ,,( ,,k+s #ab 7,,detail71 ,,iii4 ,,van ,,dyck1 ,,cornelius ,,van ,,d] ,,gee/1 #af ,,iv4 ,,millet1 ,,! ,,glean]s1 #bj ,v4 ,,paolo ,,v]onese1 ,,m>riage ,,9 ,,cana1 #bd ,,vi4 ,,c>paccio1 ,,/4 ,,ursula ,,& ,,pr9ce ,,( #bh ,,engl& 7,,detail71 ,,vii4 ,,bell9i1 ,,madonna ,,& ,,sa9ts1 #cf ,,viii4 ,,correggio1 ,,my/ic ,,m>riage ,,( ,,/4 #dj ,,ca!r9e1 ,,ix4 ,,corot1 ,,l&scape1 #dh ,x4 ,d,,r]1 ,,*ri/ ,,on ,,! ,,cross1 #ef ,,xi4 ,,turn]1 ,,! ,,fight+ ,t,m,,raire1 #fd ,,xii4 ,,antonello ,,da ,,mess9a1 ,,portrait ,,( ,a #gj ,,man1 ,,xiii4 ,,velasquez1 ,,innoc5t ,x41 #gd ,,xiv4 ,,paolo ,,v]onese1 ,,v5ice ,,en?ron$1 #hj ,,xv4 ,,t9toretto1 ,,miracle ,,( ,,! ,,slave1 #hd ,,xvi4 ,,daubigny1 ,,spr+1 #hh ,,xvii4 ,,b5ozzo ,,gozzoli1 ,,adoration ,,( ,,k+s #ib 7,,detail71 ,,xviii4 ,,van ,,dyck1 ,,jean ,,grusset ,,ri*>dot1 #if ,,xix4 ,,ga9sbor\gh1 ,,mrs4 ,,siddons1 #ajj ,,xx4 ,g,r,,me1 ,,napoleon ,,be=e ,,! ,,sph9x1 #ajd ,,xxi4 ,,mi*ael ,,angelo1 ,,delphic ,,sibyl1 #ajh ,,xxii4 ,,hals1 ,,! ,,jolly ,,man1 #aaf ,,xxiii4 ,,bonifazio ,,v]onese1 ,,moses ,,sav$ #abj ,,f ,,! ,,nile1 ,,xxiv4 ,,giorgione1 ,,madonna ,,& ,,sa9ts1 #abh ,,xxv4 ,,reynolds1 ,,lady ,,cockburn ,,& ,,family1 #acb ,,xxvi4 ,,claude ,,lorra9e1 ,,flight ,,into ,,egypt1 #acf ,,xxvii4 ,,t9toretto1 ,,m>riage ,,9 ,,cana1 #adj ,,xxviii4 ,,raphael1 ,,si/9e ,,madonna1 #adh ,,xxix4 ,,botticelli1 ,,allegory ,,( ,,spr+1 #aeb ,,xxx4 ,,p\ss91 ,,%eph]ds ,,9 ,,arcadia1 #aef ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,pictures ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,pictures ,,*apt] ,i ,,tru? ,,9 ,,pa9t+ ,,^? p :o g out into ! highways ( art cry+1 ,h>o6 ,h>o6 9 ! "n ( realism1 w\ld c]ta9ly ga9 _! cause c\ld numb]s give !m a v]dict4 ,!y h always be5 9 evid5ce2 !y h always made !mselves he>d4 ,!re nev] 0 a "t :5 ! mob 0 n hungry = realities1 :5 arti/s 7 n h>p+ ^u 8tru? to nature10 :5 critics 7 n conc]n$ ab\t 8! reali/ic t5d5cies ( ! age40 ,! int]e/ 9 ?+s z ?+s & ! art t h+es ^u facts z facts 7 f ! beg9n+4 ,= did n ,apelles pa9t horses s reali/ically t o!r horses neigh$ at ! sight ( ! picture8 ,& did n ,zeuxis deceive ! birds ) 8 pa9t$ grapes1 & 0 n he himself deceiv$ 9 turn by ! pa9t$ curta9 ( ,p>rhasios8 ,admitt+ ! /ories to be greatly exagg]at$1 does n _! v exi/5ce prove ! lik+ = ! reali/ic motive8 ,inde$1 ! ,greeks 7 acc\nt$ v good reali/s 9 ! days ( _! late p[]4 ,! ,p]gamon frieze1 ! 8,samo?racian ,victory10 ! 8,dy+ ,gaul0 give ! pro(4 ,& 9 e>li] times !y modell$ & *isell$ ! ,p>!non m>bles s true to life t ,william ,hazlitt bas$ a !ory ( art ^u !m1 ma9ta9+ t ! aim ( art 0 ! imitation ( nature & ! f9e/ art 0 simply ! imitation ( ! f9e/ nature4 ,x 0 ! reali/ic ,roman m>bles1 f\nd$ ^u ^? ( ,greece1 t gave ! fir/ brea? ( inspiration to ! pa9t]s ( ,italy4 ,! ,r5aissance nature-/udy t w5t h& 9 h& ) ! /udy ( ! ,greek 0 l>gely to enable ! pa9t]s to reveal ! model m completely1 to draw a leg or arm or face m exactly1 to place figures 9 an atmosph]ic envelope1 to reproduce a lik5ess ( ! l&scape backgr\nd4 ,if we exam9e ! works ( ,fra ,filippo1 ,botticelli1 or ,mantegna1 we %all f9d t !re 0 m ( ! e>?ly 9 _! pa9t+ ?an ! my/ic face ( ! ,madonna or ! religi\s pa?os ( sa9ts w\ld disclose4 ,!y 7 int5t ^u ! reality be=e !m & evid5tly = ! reality's sake4 ,!y delight$ 9 draw+ a foot & plac+ x firmly ^u ! gr\nd1 9 giv+ bulk1 body1 & weight to ! figure1 9 pa9t+ fl[]s1 leaves1 & fruits ) precision1 9 adju/+ ! exact relations ( light-&-%ade1 9 cat*+ ! "r tone ( color4 ,x 0 all a close foll[+ ( ! model--a repres5tation ( nature itself or z ne> to x z !y c\ld atta94 ,b ! ,dut* pa9t]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 7 f> m rigid /ickl]s = ! fact ?an ! ,italians4 ,_! "w 0 ess5tially a portrait ( ,holl& & its p1 z ,from5t9 has said1 :]e9 fai?fulness to ! model 0 a prim>y consid]ation4 ,f ,hals & ,rembr&t d[n to ,van ,mi]is & ,s*alk5 e ,dut*man consid]$ an object z a pla/ic fact--a some?+ n to be juggl$ )1 b to be r5d]$ z tru?fully z possible4 ,inde$1 x 0 ! ,dut*m5 :o set ! pace = all ! mod]ns 9 :at is call$ realism4 ,x 0 ! five days ^u a lady's h&--a day to ea* f+]--( ,g]>d ,d\ t sugge/$ ! t5 days to a %oe-buckle ( ,meissoni]4 ,all ! mod]n cont+5t ( g5re pa9t]s & /ud5ts ( /ill-life :o pa9t ?+s t 8/& out0 are b a gr[? f ! ,dut*4 ,! tradition has be5 h&$ d[n unimpair$1 los+ none ( its anci5t positiv5ess1 b r ga9+ "s latt]-day exactness 9 ! process ( transmission4 ,= j n[ realism 9 art seems m ( a desid]atum ?an ev]4 ,& f ! way ! ^w 8tru?0 is b&i$ ab\t /udio & gall]y1 "o might ?9k x ! only ?+ wor? hav+ 9 arti/ic equipm5t4 ,b we ne$ n necess>ily become ei!r br[-beat5 or bewild]$ by all ?is volume ( talk ab\t ! real4 ,=1 bluntly /at$1 !re is no su* ?+ z absolute realism 9 art4 ,! 8real0 is nature itself1 & 8tru?0 is m]ely ! report ( nature made by man4 ,"s cattle & horses /&+ "u a tree 9 a mead[ are a reality1 & y\r description or report ( ! sc5e1 ei!r 9 words1 l9es1 or colors1 w\ld be ! tru? ( ! sc5e--t is1 provid$ y\r description 0 accurate4 ,"u no circum/ances is ! report made by produc+ ! real ?+s 9 evid5ce4 ,x is practically impossible to d t 9 art4 ,any close attempt at do+ x1 or mislead+ "o into ?9k+ he sees reality1 g5]ally results 9 absurdity or repulsiv5ess4 ,:at1 = in/ance1 c\ld be m hide\s ?an ! wax figure 9 ! museum8 ,or :at m dull ?an ! mod]n battle-panorama :]e dummy-figures & pa9t$ figures m+le to make up ! sc5e8 ,art is f> remov$ f su* attempts4 ,in/ead ( produc+ ! real x m]ely implies or sugge/s ! real by c]ta9 signs & symbols :i* we h agre$ among ourselves to recognize z its equival5t4 ,if1 = in/ance1 we attempt to br+ to ! m9d ( ano!r ! ?\ght ( wat] we d n get a glassful ( x & place x ^u ! table to %[ :at we mean4 ,we simply say or write 8wat]0--a ^w ( five lett]s :i* be>s no lik5ess or resemblance :atev] to ! orig9al1 yet br+s ! orig9al to m9d at once4 ,?is is ! l+ui/ic sign = wat]4 ,! *emical sign = x1 ,h#b,o1 is q z arbitr>y1 b to ! *emi/ x means wat] aga94 ,& only a little less arbitr>y are ! arti/ic signs = x4 ,! old ,egyptian convey$ 8 mean+ by draw+ a zigzag up or d[n ! wall2 ,turn] 9 ,engl& (t5 made ! few horizontal scrat*es ( a lead p5cil d duty = x2 & 9 mod]n pa9t+ we h "s blue pa9t t\*$ ) high lights to repres5t ! same ?+4 ,none ( ^! signs attempts to produce ! orig9al or has any o!r mean+ ?an to sugge/ ! orig9al4 ,!y are signs :i* h mean+s = u only because we agree to und]/& _! mean+s be=eh&4 ,n[ ?is agreem5t to und]/& ! sign is :at might be call$ ! recognition ( ! conv5tion4 ,all art is 9 a measure conv5tional1 arbitr>y--unreal if y please4 ,ev]yone kn[s t ,hamlet 9 real life w\ld n talk blank v]se ) 8 late/ brea?4 ,! drama 7& all poetry = t matt]7 is an absurdity if y insi/ ^u ask+3 ,is x natural8 ,x is n natural2 x is v artificial4 ,& unless y accept ! artificial z symboliz+ ! natural1 unless y recognize ! conv5tion ( metre & rhyme1 y are n 9 a position to appreciate v]se4 ,! "n ( ^? :o 8d n c>e = poetry0 is legion1 because !y h n ! prop] angle ( vision1 because !y are out ( focus4 ,& ?is is equally true ( music4 ,tri/an & ,isolde s++ _! loves at ea* o!r is %e] insanity f a reali/ic /&po9t4 ,ev]yone kn[s t love 9 real life may d a good deal ( sigh+ & sobb+1 b x does n bur/ =? into song4 ,! op]a is a mo/ palpable conv5tion1 & ! fl[ ( music1 :i* s beautifully sugge/s ! dep?s ( passion & ! heights ( romance1 is b an arbitr>y symbol ( reality4 ,recognize ?is & y h tak5 ! fir/ /ep t[>d ! und]/&+ ( art2 fail to recognize x & art mu/ always be a clos$ book to y4 ,y w n p]ceive ! arti/'s int5tion4 ,z a matt] ( fact we all d accept ! conv5tion 9 "o =m or ano!r4 ,if a *ild /&+ at ! blackbo>d %\ld draw a horse ) f\r *alk-l9$ legs & a *alk-l9$ body & head we %\ld h no tr\ble 9 mak+ x out z a horse4 ,& %\ld we "k x z a horse because ( its tru? to nature8 ,is a horse flat1 hairless1 colorless1 %ad[less8 ,& has he a *alk l9e ab\t him8 ,n at all4 ,! repres5tation is b a sign or symbol :i* we h agre$ to recognize z a horse4 ,x is a *ild's repres5tation1 & x diff]s f a pa9t]'s repres5tation ( ! same animal l>gely 9 ! matt] ( tra9$ skill & imag9ative conception4 ,! f9e portraits ( ,holbe9--?an :i* !re is no?+ f9] 9 pa9t+--h t same rim ab\t !m 7,plate #a74 ,we call x ,holbe9's 8cle> outl9e10 b x is sub/antially ! same ?+4 ,& ! et*$ l&scapes ( ,rembr&t--:at c\ld y h m arbitr>y8 ,m]ely a few l9es drawn ) a swift h&1 a few scrat*es 9 a copp] plate to repres5t sunlight1 & "s cross-hat*+s to repres5t %ad[2 b h[ quickly we recognize _! mean+s6 ,if y w look closely at ! wood engrav+s ( ,timo?y ,cole y w see ! modell+ ( ! faces br\ght out sometimes by long1 wav+1 diagonal l9es1 sometimes by dots & sometimes by *ecks & squ>es4 ,aga9 c\ld any?+ be m conv5tional8 ,b we h no tr\ble 9 mak+ out ! arti/'s int5tion4 ,we accept ! conv5tion f ! />t4 ,s x is t we d n necess>ily grasp ! int5tion by ! fulness or elaborat5ess ( ! sign4 ,! pa9t]1 f long exp]i5ce1 f be+ m exp]t ( h&1 is p]haps bett] able to exploit ! sign ?an is ! *ild2 b we d n fail 9 und]/&+ ! mean+ ( ! *ildi% outl9e4 ,!re is a diff]5ce 9 sign mak+1 to be sure1 & t may make a great diff]5ce 9 art2 b !re is little or no diff]5ce 9 ! int5tion--! mean+ ( ! sign4 ,! flat figures ^u ! ,greek vases are n q l ! outl9$ figures ( ,raphael & ,+res1 & /ill less l ! figures ( ,manet2 b !y are all signs nev]!less4 ,manet us$ ! pat* ( color in/ead ( ! rim or outl9e1 :i* is suppos$ to be a v fet*+ piece ( realism2 b none ( ! repres5tations is to be mi/ak5 = reality4 ,! real is "o ?+2 ! sign or symbol = x1 q ano!r ?+4 ,:at !n is realism 9 art--?is draw+ ( eyes t foll[ y ab\t ! room1 lips t seem p>t$ z if to speak1 & h&s t y c\ld %ake8 ,:at is ?is pa9t+ ( pots & pans to be pick$ up1 & c[s t walk out ( ! canvas8 ,c we n def9e x z m]ely ! add+-to1 ! r\nd+1 ! p]fect+ ( ! sign8 ,is x any?+ m ?an ! tell+ ( all ! tru?s1 bo? great & small1 s t ! v]ie/ dunce 9 conv5tions %all n fail to recognize !m8 ,illu/ration3 ,i4--,,holbe91 ,portrait ( a ,man4 ,belv$]e1 ,vi5na4 ,to rev]t to our =m] illu/rations1 p]haps ,+res's rigid outl9e conta9s less tru?--less important tru?s--?an ,manet's color pat*4 ,:y8 ,because ! figure 9 full light really has no rim ab\t x4 ,x looks m l a pat* ( color reliev$ aga9/ o!r colors4 ,! rim or outl9e is *ildi%1 primitive1 & orig9ally came1 n f a direct /udy ( ! model b f /udy+ ! model's %ad[ or silh\ette4 ,p ( *ildi% intellig5ce1 l ! ,egyptian fellahe51 = in/ance1 und]/& x v readily because ( its simplicity & its arbitr>y utt]ance2 b ! m complex sign t deals ) sun%9e r ?an ! flatt5$ %ad[ conta9s ! great] tru?4 ,!re=e z reg>ds ! :ole tru? !re is m ( x 9 ,manet's figure ?an 9 ,+res's4 ,additions to ! sign1 su* z effects ( light-&-%ade1 ( color1 ( surface texture1 ( cont\r1 may tell u m ab\t ! object & add to ! sum ( tru? & ! p]fection ( ! sign2 & yet ^! may n *ange 9 any way ! significance ( ! sign4 ,! mo/ elaborate human be+ t a ,meissoni] c\ld pa9t w\ld /ill be only ! individual symbol ( a man1 & 9 t respect w\ld n be diff]5t f ! incis$ outl9e ( ,rameses ! ,great ^u a ,!ban wall4 ,y w und]/&1 ( c\rse1 t !re are pa9t]s :o use ! sign to convey a mean+--use x z "o might words & s5t5ces4 ,millet1 9 writ+ to a fri5d1 said3 8,all art is a language & language is made to express ?\ghts40 ,( t ,i %all h some?+ to say lat]2 b j n[ ,i wi% to call y\r att5tion to ! fact t ! reali/ does n agree ) ,millet1 t he is n conc]n$ ) ult]ior mean+s1 t 9 fact he r despises !m4 ,= realism1 broadly speak+1 means a pot = a pot's sake1 or a c[ = a c['s sake1 :i* is to say a sign = a sign's sake4 ,! ,g]>d ,d\s & ! ,meissoni]s r plume !mselves ^u be+ exp]t sign-mak]s4 ,_! art usually goes no f>!r ?an excell5t craftsman%ip4 ,!y draw & pa9t skilfully1 decoratively1 tell+ ev]y?+ ab\t ! model be=e !m1 f an eyela% to a boot-/rap2 & !re !y /op4 ,!y give =? an (ficial report :i* may be true en\gh f _! po9t ( view & yet conta9 n an idea wor? ! contemplat+1 n a ?\ght wor? ! ?9k+4 ,b t does n 9 any way di/urb ! poise ( ! reali/4 ,he is ready to answ] y t 8beauty is tru? & tru? beauty0--an aphorism t s\nds l argum5t & yet is only assumption4 ,b let u look into ! matt] a little f>!r & ask3 ,:at is ! tru? :i* !y claim to h8 ,is x ! vital tru? or ! only tru?1 & are !re n v>ieties1 grades1 & degrees ( tru? 9 pa9t+ z 9 ! o!r dep>tm5ts ( art & life8 ,i h no wi% to d5y t realism1 s-call$1 makes up "o k9d ( art2 b let u pu% our inquiry f>!r afield & f9d out if possible :at is ! basis ( ! reali/ic picture4 8,tru?10 we h already affirm$1 8is ! report ( nature made by man40 ,we may ca/ out ! *ild's report ab\t ! horse because x is incomplete1 immature4 ,x is made up ( all ! errors ( ! untra9$ h& & eye1 & ?\gh x has a c]ta9 p]sonality ab\t x1 & gives u a *ild's idea ( a horse1 yet x _c be consid]$ z an entirely tru?ful record4 ,! report ( ! cam]a1 if x be true or false we d n "k4 ,light fla%es & ! horse's silh\ette is in/antly caught & fix$ ^u ! plate2 b ,i ne$ n tell y t light does n fla% into ! human eye1 & ! silh\ette is n in/antly fix$ ^u ! human ret9a 9 ! same way4 ,nor ne$ ,i tell y t eyes v>y m widely 9 ! way !y see ?an d cam]as4 ,:i* !n tells ! tru?8 ,t ! cam]a always records ! same does n prove t x always records truly4 ,x may always record falsely4 ,at lea/ ! human eye sees diff]5tly f ! cam]a1 & ! ultimate decision z to tru? mu/ be ref]r$ back to ! eye4 ,x may n be an infallible regi/]1 b x is ! be/ we h4 ,= all human k mu/ base itself ^u human s5sation4 ,! horse ( ! *ild be+ incomplete & t ( ! cam]a mislead+1 we return to ! "w ( ! pa9t] & ask3 ,:at ( ! horse ( ,apelles8 ,c t /& z ! f9al tru?8 ,! /ory ( its deceiv+ o!r horses we may put aside z pure romance1 b und\bt$ly ! picture 0 emphasiz$ 9 its modell+--pu%$ h>d 9 its high lights--to make ! horse 8/& out40 ,grant$ a tru? ( relief & p]haps a tru? ( surface1 are ^! ! only tru?s ab\t ! horse8 ,& d !y make ! /&>d to :i* art & arti/s mu/ b[8 ,n necess>ily4 ,we h _h hundr$s ( pa9t]s s9ce ,apelles's "t :o h pa9t$ hundr$s ( horses1 p]haps q z true to nature z 81 b nev] a "o ( !m saw or pa9t$ a horse 9 j ! way ,apelles did4 ,& n[ we are confront$ ) ! fact t if !re are _m m5 ( _m m9ds 9 ?is _w ( ours !re are also _m m5 ) _m eyes4 ,no two pairs ( eyes see alike4 ,are we to inf] !n t any "o pair ( eyes or any "o race or its s*ool ( pa9t]s sees tru? & all ! o!rs see only error8 ,is tru? on "o side ( ! ,alps & falsehood on ! o!r8 ,titian 9 ,italy made a diff]5t report ( nature f ,rembr&t 9 ,holl&--:i* told ! tru?8 ,does tru? abide exclusively 9 ! ,ori5t or ! ,occid5t8 ,a l&scape 9 ,japan by ,hok\sai1 h[ v diff]5t f a ,se9e l&scape by ,daubigny6 ,b is ei!r ( !m false8 ,& aft] all does n some?+ ( tru?--,i d n say ! :ole ( x--consi/ 9 ! fidelity ) :i* ! po9t ( view is ma9ta9$8 ,we mu/ cultivate lib]ality 9 ?is matt]4 ,= ,creation orda9$ t !re %\ld be a ,babel ( eyes1 all see+ diff]5tly1 & consequ5tly !re mu/ be a /&>d ( tru? peculi> to ea* individual4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ii4--,,b5ozzo ,,gozzoli1 ,adoration ( ,k+s 7detail74 ,ricc>di ,palace1 ,flor5ce4 ,does 8tru? to nature0 !n mean to ea* man :at 8 eyes tell him & to ea* pa9t] :at ! s9c]ity ( 8 make-up enables him to record8 ,yes1 c]ta9ly2 b1 m9d y1 x may be a v limit$ tru?1 n necess>ily an absolute tru?1 n a _w-embrac+ tru? applicable to all classes & conditions ( m54 ,! *ild ) 8 *alk-l9$ horse may be ma9ta9+ 8 *ildi% po9t ( view ) ! utmo/ fidelity1 b x is app>5t f 8 draw+ t he does n fully compreh5d 8 subject1 does n see ! object 9 its entirety4 ,! horses by ,sp9ello ,aret9o1 %[n 9 8 ,campo ,santo pictures at ,pisa1 are n v diff]5t f ! *ild's conception4 ,!y conta9 m tru?s )\t by any means be+ exhau/ive4 ,!y are /ill crude1 b true en\gh z reg>ds ! ma9t5ance ( ! po9t ( view4 ,! f9e horses ( ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli1 9 ! ,ricc>di palace fresco 7,plate #b71 are an improvem5t ^u ^? ( ,sp9ello )\t be+ complete1 & ! ,gattamelata horse ( ,donatello1 ! ,colleoni ( ,v]roc*io1 may make u en?usia/ic ab\t ! special tru? ( _! pu%+ p[]1 & aga9 n make a full report ( ! horse4 ,p]haps :5 we rea* ! height ( realism & come to a horse z se5 by ,grme or ,rosa ,bonheur we are n s pleas$ ) x z ) ,b5ozzo's squ>e-fram$ bea/2 b t may be = a cause :i* we %all discuss h]eaft]4 ,! complet5ess ( ! tru?1 ! fulness ( ! report1 may n be d5i$1 h[ev] we>isome x may be z art4 ,n[ we mu/ add to ?is individuality1 :i* ev]yone possesses 9 measure & :i* mu/ w>p ! vision some:at1 a fur!r influ5ce or bias :i* ! individual takes f 8 race & 8 c\ntry4 ,i h already ask$ ,pascal's "q ab\t tru? be+ on "o side ( ! ,alps & error on ! o!r side4 ,appli$ to ! arts x is p]t95t to inquire3 ,is a ,si5a l&scape by ,p9toric*io false because x does n look l a ,vosges l&scape by ,c\rbet8 ,n at all4 ,!y are bo? true--t is1 n only true to locality b true to t native flavor :i* makes a p9e-tree 9 ,japanese art look 8,japanesey0 & a p9e-tree 9 ,norwegian art look ,norwegian4#a ,moreov]1 ea* l&scape is true 9 exhibit+ its "t1 its c\ntry1 & its race4 ,! ,p9toric*io %[s ! att5uat$ puri/ l&scape ( ! ,tuscan c\ntry--! l&scape admirably suit$ to s]ve z a backgr\nd = ! s5sitive1 s5tim5tal sa9ts he depict$4 ,x speaks truly en\gh = a portion ( ,italy dur+ ! ,e>ly ,r5aissance1 t portion :i* lies 9 ! ,tuscan c\ntry2 b x goes no f>!r4 ,giovanni ,bell9i at ,v5ice 0 ,italian1 too2 b he 0 at ?is v "t produc+ q a diff]5t l&scape--"o t spoke = ! m\nta9\s c\ntry ly+ to ! nor? ( ,v5ice1 b n = ,tuscany4 ,! l&scape by ,c\rbet is n s limit$4 ,x is n9ete5?-c5tury "w & has ! advantage ( ! great advance made 9 l&scape "w s9ce ! ,r5aissance2 & yet no "o c\ld fail to see t x 0 ,fr5*1 t x depict$ a ,fr5* c\ntry 9 a ,fr5* way4 ,) all its l>ge tru? ( appe>ance x %[s its localiz$ ,p>isian po9t ( view4 ,to be sure ,p>is 9 ,c\rbet's day 0 v cosmopolitan4 ,8 vision 0 broad]1 8 grasp ( tru?s great] ?an ! sculptor :o c>v$1 9 bas-relief1 ,s>gon fea/+ ) 8 wives2 b nev]!less ! local tru?s ( ,france & ( ,assyria are ea* app>5t 9 ea*4 ,footnote #a3 8,if we w take ! tr\ble to look at ! wood-cuts illu/rative ( "s giv5 celebrity z !y appe> 9 ! illu/rat$ newspap]s ( v>i\s nations1 we %all see t1 ?\gh copi$ v me*anically f ! same photograph1 ,mr4 ,glad/one becomes a ,fr5*man 9 ,france1 a ,spani>d 9 ,spa91 &1 ?\gh less visible to u1 9 ! same way ! ,cont95tal1 ! ,spani>d1 or ! ,fr5*man becomes ,engli% 9 ! engrav+ ( an ,engli% magaz9e4 ,ev5 9 ! h&l+ ( ! tool call$ ! grav] :i* cuts ! wood !re is1 !n1 a nationality40--,,john ,,la ,,f>ge1 9 ,int]national ,mon?ly1 ,nov41 #aijj4 ,is e arti/ !n biass$ 9 8 conception ( tru? by 8 race & age2 & is e art significant ( its environm5t8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,?us f> 9 ! _w's hi/ory all art has be5 prov9cial--expressive at lea/ ( a nationality if n ( a locality4 ,! art ( ,holl& 9 ! sixte5? c5tury nev] travell$ beyond ! dikes & dunes except 9 ! case ( a g5ius l ,rembr&t4 ,z a tru? = univ]sal application a roy/]+ p>ty by ,jan ,/e5 w\ld g no f>!r to-day ?an a g>d5 p>ty "u ! *]ry blossoms by ,hiro%ighe4 ,bo? are peculi>ly prov9cial & belong 9 _! own l&s ) _! own peoples4 ,outside ( _! own c\ntries !y meet ) appreciative und]/&+ only f ! arti/ic few4 ,a c5tury ago no "o 9 ! ,anglo-,saxon or ,teutonic _w c>$ v mu* = ,dut* art1 & n fifty ye>s ago ,japanese art 0 reg>d$ z little m ?an an int]e/+ absurdity because ( its unfamili> p]spective4 ,nei!r ( !m at ?is day has any _w-wide rea*4 ,!y h n travell$ to u1 b ! cosmopolitan art-lov] has gone out & discov]$ !m4 ,transportation may ev5tually make u all cosmopolitan--make all art k92 b x has n done s z yet4 ,( c\rse all pa9t+ is n s /rictly local z ! pictures ( ,jan ,/e5 & ,hiro%ighe w\ld sugge/4 ,a "w ( art1 9 subject & 9 me?od1 appeals m /rongly p]haps to its own p ?an to any o!r--an ,osiris to an ,egyptian1 a ,zeus to a ,greek1 & a ,madonna to a ,*ri/ian4 ,b ! c>v$ ,buddha1 seat$ ) cross$ legs1 op5 palms1 & a vacant />e into space appeals only to a ,buddhi/4 ,x w n travel else:]e except z a curio4 ,nor w ! ,osiris or ! ,madonna g v f>4 ,b :at ( a ,zeus6 :at ( a ,h]mes by ,praxiteles6 :at ( ! ,greek ideal6 ,h !y n a univ]sal quality ab\t !m--a grasp ( univ]sal tru?s--t c>ry !m beyond ! fronti] l9es ( ,hellas8 ,?9k = a mom5t ( ! 8,v5us ( ,milo40 ,has x n some?+ supremely true ab\t x t a p]son ( any nationality _c *oose b see8 ,& ?9k = a mom5t ( ! 8,ariadne0 ( ,t9toretto4 ,aga9 is !re n some?+ "h t compels ! admiration ( ! ,asiatic z well z ! ,european & ! ,am]ican8 ,!re is individual & local & racial tru? 9 all ^! works1 b !re is also univ]sal tru?--tru? applicable to all humanity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,iii4--,,van ,,dyck1 ,cornelius van d] ,gee/4 ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,& n[1 if we /op to consid] ! great m5 9 ! arts1 we %all inv>iably f9d t ea* "o ( !m is m>k$ by "s quality ( univ]sal significance4 ,!re is some?+ ab\t !m all t ov]leaps ! prov9cial1 ! accid5tal1 ! small1 & ! trifl+4 ,!y disreg>d 9 a measure ! local tru?s & aim at ! g5]al tru?s--at ?+s ess5tially true = all humanity4 ,our ,%akespe>es & ,platos & ,/4 ,pauls survey ! _w f m\nta9 tops4 ,f ^! vantage po9ts _! p]spective is f>-rea*+1 _! view ( ! _w expansive4 ,!y see & grasp ! ess5tials1 ! basic elem5ts1 ! f\ndations ( ?+s4 ,x is ?is1 = "o ?+1 t makes ! art ( ,titian s sup]latively great4 ,:at wond]ful m5 & wom5 p 8 pan!on6 ,:at types !y are ( manhood & womanhood6 ,:at embodim5ts ( l(t9ess1 dignity1 & nobility6 ,& are !y n univ]sally admir$8 ,no matt] :at a man's nationality1 he _c *oose b be int]e/$ 9 8,! ,man ) a ,glove0 or ! 8,*>les ,v40 at ,madrid4 ,!re is some?+ 9 !m ( t tru? se5 f m\nta9 heights :i* e "o w recognize z ! nobl] "p ( 8 little valley-_w4 ,j s ) ! art ( ,rembr&t4 ,8 type is ess5tially ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries2 8 co/umes1 l&scapes1 light-&-%ade1 & me?ods are all localiz$ 9 ,holl&4 ,b a sadd] pa9t] y _c f9d 9 all ! rea* ( pa9t+4 ,8 emotional nature _h be5 wrung by trial & suff]+ & 8 sympa?ies 7 ) ! d[n-trodd5 & ! grief-/rick54 ,!re nev] 0 a pa9t] :o pa9t$ s mu* ( sorr[ 9 ! faces ( 8 p z ,rembr&t4 ,! 8,*ri/ at ,emmaus0 is1 9 =m & figure1 only a poor emaciat$ ,am/]dam ,jew2 b 9 emotional tru? x is ! "o ,*ri/ ( all pa9t+4 ,t face appeals to ,*ri/ian1 ,mahometan1 ,jew1 & infidel alike1 n because ( its div9ity b because ( its int5se humanity4 ,%\ld we br+ up ! names ( ! o!r great ma/]s ( pa9t+ we %\ld f9d t ea* "o ( !m is rem>kable = "s quality ( univ]sal significance--,mi*ael ,angelo = 8 great comm& ( =m1 ,rub5s = 8 great spl5dor ( effect1 ,velasquez = 8 s5se ( vitality 9 ! physical pres5ce 7,plate #ac71 ,raphael = 8 unity & 8 h>mony4 ,! great m5 are rem>kable = _! bread?--! wide angle ( _! vision4 ,!y see1 n diff]5tly f o!rs1 b !y see m4 ,yet x is only a po9t ( view1 a limit$ outlook1 & n by any means ! total sum ( tru?4 ,! report ( nature made by man1 :i* we h def9$ z 8tru?10 is always a report ( "s sort :oev] makes x4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! great m9ds & ! small ones consi/s 9 :at is se5 & report$4 ,a ,r\sseau :o sees & tells ( ! solidity ( ! e>?1 ! volume ( ! =e/1 ! great lum9\s expanse ( ! sky1 does n ?9k to tell ev]y?+ t may be 9 ! l&scape4 ,he sees ! great tru?s1 ^? tru?s t are ( univ]sal p]man5ce 9 all l&scape1 & emphasizes !m at ! exp5se ( ! small] details4 ,a man ( n>r[] vision w\ld p]haps ov]look ! sky & e>?1 & fail to see ! =e/ = ! trees4 ,he might c5tre all 8 int]e/ 9 blades ( grass1 9 dew-drops & spid]-webs & op5+ butt]cups--! inf9itely little ?+s 9 ! l&scape4 ,9 portraiture m5 l ,g]>d ,d\ & ,d5n] emphasize ! small sk9-facts ( a man's face ) su* m9ute workman%ip t y may /udy !m ) a magnify+-glass4 ,y w nev] see any?+ l ?is 9 ! portraits by ,titian1 ,rembr&t1 ,velasquez1 ,van ,dyck 7,plates #c1 #ac1 #ah74 ,!y wa/e no "t on small tru?s4 ,!y are int5t ^u giv+ ! l>ge physical pres5ce1 n ! petty de=mities ( ! epid]mis4 ,aga9 9 draw+ a h& & arm y w obs]ve t m5 l ,grme give e curve & break ( light along ! arm1 e accid5tal contortion ( muscle1 e wr9kle & twi/ ( fle%2 b someh[1 :5 all ^! features are put d[n1 ! arm fails to live1 fails to move4 ,x is a petrifi$ arm4 ,= an opposite /atem5t ( tru? look at ! arm ( ,millet's 8,s[]40 ,!re is no?+ absolute or m9ute ab\t ! draw+4 ,! arm is g5]aliz$1 summ>iz$1 syn!tiz$ z x 74 ,! wr9kles 9 x are n app>5t1 ! cov]+ ( x is vague1 ! h& is n articulat$ 9 ! muscles or ev5 def9ite 9 ! draw+ ( ! f+]s4 ,9 %ort ! :ole arm & h& are cut d[n to a few elem5t>y l9es1 s t !y appe> to ! un9itiat$ some:at sket*y & p]emptory4 ,b look$ at = ^? qualities :i* ,millet ?\ght m important ?an surface texture1 look$ at = bulk1 mass1 weight1 motion--p>ticul>ly motion--& !re is a l>g] view app>5t4 ,! arm & h& c]ta9ly h motion & life4 ,& ^! are precisely :at ,grme's arm & h& h n4 ,c x n be claim$ !n t ! tru? ( life & motion is a great] tru? ?an ! tru? ( mom5t>y rigidity8 ,is x n a fact t ,millet has seiz$ ^u a g5]al & univ]sal tru? *>act]i/ic ( all arms & h&s--t is1 ! tru? ( life & movem5t--:]eas ,grme has seiz$ ^u an accid5tal tru? ( light-&-%ade :i* may be some?+ local & peculi> to t "o h& & arm8 ,illu/ration3 ,,iv4--,,millet1 ,! ,glean]s4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,if "o %[s u a snap-photograph ( break+ waves1 :at d we see if n ! highe/ & mo/ brittle wave ! cam]a man c\ld cat*8 ,does ?is give u a g5]al or a p>ticul> tru? ( ! sea8 ,d waves /& rigidly 9 air1 petrifi$ f base to cre/1 z we see 9 ! photograph1 or d !y roll & keep on roll+ indef9itely & ceaselessly8 ,does n ! v ess5ce ( tru? ab\t a wave lie 9 its re/less heave & toss1 its break+ & re=m+1 its et]nal indef9it5ess ( =m8 ,h[ _m sea pictures h we se5 ) e wave 9 place--p\nd$ into place l hamm]$ /eel--) e facet %9+ l a mirror1 & n a possibility ( motion 9 any?+8 ,p]haps we h r enjoy$ !m & fanci$1 9 cross+ ! ocean1 t ! waves look$ l t4 ,p]haps !y did2 p]haps we 7 cont5t to see only ! small tru?s ( ! ocean2 b a /udy ( ! m>9es by ,c\rbet1 ,manet1 & ,monet may conv9ce u t !re are l>g] tru?s ( ! ocean ?an ^? relat+ to its mirror-l sp>kles--l>g] tru?s 9 ! ocean's dep?1 p[]1 & its re/less1 ceaseless motion4 ,^! pa9t]s h disc>d$ small ?+s on ! surface ( ! wat]1 z ,frans ,hals ! small spots on a man's face1 9 ord] to give ! s5se ( =m back ( x 7,plate #bb74 ,9 ! same way y w (t5 f9d pa9t]s disc>d+ ! exact draw+ ( objects su* z wood or clo? or /one or metal 9 ord] t !y may give ! weight1 ! ela/icity1 or ! d5sity ( ^! objects4 ,a fea!r or a leaf may be an epitome ( float+1 danc+ lightness1 b if y draw its complete anatomy & pa9t all its surface texture y w h some?+ t is z heavy z wr\ght iron4 ,x does n foll[ ei!r1 because ,desg(fes gives u ! %e5 & fla% ( brasses1 *9a1 & sat9s1 t he has told all or ! mo/ vital tru?s ab\t ^? articles4 ,vollon may pa9t ! same ?+s 9 a full] mann]1 %[+ u some?+ ( /ructural "* :i* is j z important & j z true z surface appe>ance4 ,moreov]1 ! broad] me?od leaves some?+ to implication & sugge/ion1 :]e ! o!r me?od buries "u an accumulation ( fact4 ,please note ! ^w 8sugge/ion10 = x is by sugge/ion t ! greate/ tru?s ( art are br\ght home to u4 ,! reali/1 :om we h be5 ha/ily consid]+1 does n c>e = ?is me?od ( approa*4 ,he is b5t ^u realization4 ,he is analytical 9 8 /atem5t ( ea* & e fact & makes a full report4 ,all pa9t]s d ?is 9 "s degree dur+ ! e>ly /ages ( _! c>e]1 b z !y advance 9 ye>s & exp]i5ce !re is a t5d5cy to a broad] treatm5t1 a return to ! simple l9e ( ! *ild1 to ! syn!sis ( a ,millet1 z %[n 9 ! arms1 h&s1 & backs ( ! wom5 9 8,! ,glean]s0 7,plate #d71 to ! implication & sugge/ion ( a ,corot1 z %[n 9 ! sky ( ! 8,biblis40 ,facts are summ>iz$4 ,a m]e *>coal outl9e drawn by ,degas gives u ! reliefs1 proportions1 weight1 & bulk ( a human figure2 a %ad[ ) ,giorgione or ,rembr&t sums up ! s]ies ( facts b5ea? x1 & becomes sugge/ive by its v my/]y & unc]ta9ty2 a bl5d$ blur ( color by ,:i/l] may br+ to m9d a heav+ wave 9 mid-ocean bett] ?an all ! drawn & t9t$ & 8realiz$0 waves ( all ! reali/s4 ,x is n ! heap+ ( fact ^u fact t fla%es ! tru? ^u u--at lea/ n 9 art1 ?\gh x may 9 logic or 9 law4 ,inde$1 ! accumulation ( evid5ce (t5 confuses4 ,x is common /udio exp]i5ce t a sket* ( a picture is frequ5tly bett] ?an ! picture itself4 ,! attempt to 8f9i%0 7t is1 to put 9 all ! details & m9uti7 makes x dull & unsugge/ive4 ,! unf9i%$ m>bles ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 d !y really suff] mu* by be+ unf9i%$8 ,i h sometimes ?\ght t ! figure ( 8,day0 9 ! ,m$ici ,*apel ga9$ by its incomplet5ess--t x 0 bett] ?an ! 8,night0 ^u ! opposite side ( ! tomb because ! sculptor's int5tion is p]fectly obvi\s & yet ! spectator's imag9ation is n /ifl$4 ,!re1 l a fall5 god1 he lies1 half emb$d$ 9 8 matrix ( /one ) a sugge/ion ( mighty p[]1 nev] s /rongly felt 9 any o!r m>ble 9 ?is _w4 ,! lack ( f9i%1 ! my/]y1 ! unc]ta9ty1 help on ! imag9ation4 ,"o may fancy1 z _m h done1 t ! figure symbolizes ! loss ( ,flor5t9e fre$om1 & t ! gr& captive1 ) 8 massive br[ & sunk5 eyes1 half-rises we>ily to view ! morn+ light %9+ = him 9 va94 ,& aga9 "o may imag9e he is a new ,prome!us b\nd to ! rock2 "o ( ! ,gigantes2 or p]haps a conqu]$ ,titan ly+ along ! hills ( ,t>t>us 9 ! dre> twilight1 brood+ 9 melan*oly sil5ce ov] ! loss ( ,olympus4 ,to :atev] ! m9d may conjure up reg>d+ ! figure1 ! elem5t ( res]v$ /r5g? w l5d assi/ance4 ,cut ! captive f 8 b$ ( /one & ! /r5g? falls %ort1 lack+ ! foil ( resi/ance2 f9i% ! m>ble & an exi/5t fact precludes ! possibility ( wide imag9ation4 ,! great ,engli% ma/] ( art1 h[ well he knew :at to leave out6 ,! lov]s ,lor5zo & ,jessica are 9 ! /ill1 ev5+ air1 & ) :at consummate skill ,%akespe>e pa9ts ! l&scape ) t "o sugge/ive l9e3 8,h[ sweet ! moonlight sleeps ^u ?is bank40 ,n a ^w ab\t ! trees or grasses or ponds or mead[s2 n a ^w ab\t ! /illness ( ! night1 ! hu%$ w9ds1 & ! %9+ />s2 b d y n see !m all8 ,d !y n rise up be=e y\r eyes z by magic8 ,y\r reali/ w\ld h put u to sleep ) dre>y descriptions ( grass & groves & glitt]+ dew-drops in/ead ( ! moonlight4 ,& ,%akespe>e himself might h writt5 a volume ( description & /ill n r\s$ u to 8 mean+ s quickly z ) t "o sugge/ive l9e4 ,! value ( ! sign 9 art1 :e!r x be pictorial1 sculptural1 or lit]>y1 lies 9 its sugge/ive quality2 & ! 8,s[]0 ( ,millet1 ! 8,day0 ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & ! moonlight ( ,%akespe>e are m]ely s _m sugge/ive signs4 ,illu/ration3 ,v4--,,paolo ,,v]onese1 ,m>riage 9 ,cana4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,?us f> our inquiry has ext5d$ no f>!r ?an ! tru? ( nature--! tru? ( appe>ance z %[n 9 reali/ic art4 ,b !re are o!r tru?s ) :i* ! picture has to d t p]haps call = a mom5t's consid]ation4 ,! tru? ( hi/ory = :i* ! public cont5ds s valiantly ne$ n deta9 u long4 ,t ,paolo ,v]onese & 8 contempor>ies *ose to g>b ! sacr$ *>act]s ( ! 8,m>riage 9 ,cana0 7,plate #e7 or 8,moses sav$ f ! ,nile0 7,plate #bc71 9 ,v5etian co/ume1 is matt] ( small importance4 ,& x is ( /ill less importance :e!r ,*ri/ & ! ,apo/les %[ ! ,semitic ca/ ( c\nt5ance or n4 ,! int5se rev]5ce = local & e?nographical tru? possess$ by ! ,holman ,hunts & ,alma-,tademas ( ! art _w w\ld seem some:at misplac$4 ,no matt] :at c>e is be/[$ ^u ! ar*ology1 !re is always some?+ n q true to ! fact4 ,& moreov]1 all art 9 all times has pictur$ its own race1 co/ume1 & c\ntry4 ,x w\ld n be wor? mu* unless x did4 ,! m>ble gods ( ,greece are all ,greek1 ! pa9t$ ,madonnas ( ,italy are all ,italian4 ,h[ o!rwise w\ld y h x8 ,m>l[e's ,mephi/opheles talks ,engli%1 & ,goe!'s ,mephi/opheles talks ,g]man4 ,:at language %\ld !y talk8 ,:5 art deals ) ! pa/ x translates x into ! pres5t4 ,x c\ld n possibly d o!rwise4 ,no ,anglo-,saxon c\ld feel1 ?9k1 or "w l a ,greek1 simply because he is an ,anglo-,saxon4 ,!re is ano!r tru? ( f> m consequ5ce ?an hi/orical accuracy1 & t is ! tru? ( art4 ,?is comes 9 "h opportunely en\gh1 = art-tru? is produc$ by ! sugge/ive me?od ( deal+ ) facts :i* ,i h j be5 illu/rat+4 ,! me?od is absolutely ess5tial to all /rong "w 9 all dep>tm5ts4 ,x is usually kn[n 9 pa9t+ z ! 8law ( sacrifice02 & y w f9d x 9 lit]ature "u ! "n ( 8dramatic =ce40 ,we %\ld nev] h _h su* *>act]s z ,fau/ & ,macbe? _h all ! o!r *>act]s 9 ! plays be5 treat$ ) an importance equal to t ( ! h]oes4 ,hamlet is an elevat$ ,hamlet simply because ! o!r *>act]s are subord9ate *>act]s1 j z ,corot's light is light1 because ev]y?+ else 9 ! picture is sacrific$ to x4 ,!re is no qu>rel ) tru? to nature 9 ?is tru? to art4 ,great art seldom falsifies1 b x always selects1 emphasiz+ "s features & subord9at+ o!r features4 ,x usually gives ! l>ge tru?s & m]ely implies ! small ones4 ,millet 9 8 8,s[]0 has no notion ( tell+ y m ?an a few prom95t facts ab\t ! man & 8 "w4 ,he %[s a peasant1 work+ "u ! %ad[ ( a hill1 work+ late 9 ! ev5+1 sw++ & s[+ ) rhy?mic motion ( foot1 h&1 arm & body4 ,x is matt] ( no importance :e!r he we>s l95 or wooll5 or cotton1 :e!r 8 bl\se has buttons ^u x or n1 :e!r 8 face is clean or n4 ,! all-p]vad+ tru? ( ! picture lies 9 ! sw++ =m ( ! s[]1 & to keep y\r att5tion ^u t he omits ev]y?+ else4 ,! figure is b a sugge/ion1 a some?+ t /&s z an equival5t = t man :om ,millet ?\ght %\ld be recogniz$ = 8 pati5ce & =titude ( _s1 8 nobility & dignity 9 ! h>d labor ( life1 8 f9e pictorial qualities z se5 aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( 8 native hea?4 ,t is ! ult]ior mean+ :i* he w\ld %[ u4 ,! sign is true to ! great tru? ( a s[]1 ! mean+ is true )9 ! limits ( pictorial creation1 & f9ally ! record+ ( x is true to ! tru? ( art4 ,?is me?od ( proc$ure1 :]e9 sugge/ion becomes su* an important factor1 implies two p 9 ! "w ( art r ?an "o4 ,! spectator mu/ d 8 "p z well z ! arti/4 ,! latt] sugge/s1 ! =m] takes up ! sugge/ion & builds ^u x4 ,:5 ,velasquez pa9t$ ,*ri/ on ! cross1 hang+ !re alone 9 ! night1 ! head b[$ =w>d on ! brea/1 & ! long d>k hair tail+ ov] ! face & half cov]+ x1 he did n ?9k to oblit]ate ! face--to take x out ( ! picture completely4 ,he knew v well t ! imag9ation ( ! spectator w\ld g beh9d ! veil & picture t face m vividly ?an he c\ld pa9t x4 ,:at pa9t] ev] yet produc$ a :olly satisfactory face ( ,*ri/8 ,velasquez 0 wise 9 leav+ x to ! imag9ation ( ! spectator4 ,h[ wise he 0 y c p]haps ga!r by contra/+ 8 8,*ri/ on ! ,cross0 ) ! same subject by ,lon ,bonnat--"o ( ! noble/ ( ! latt]-day reali/s4 ,bonnat simply took a dead body f ! morgue & hung x ^u a cross 9 ! c\rt-y>d ( ! cole de ,mdec9e1 & pa9t$ x exactly z he saw x4 ,b x is n ,*ri/2 x is ! dead body he took f ! morgue4 ,!re is /ra9 ( arm & leg & torso1 ! anatomy is wr5*$1 ! muscles are contort$1 ! ve9s are swoll54 ,b !re is no sugge/ion ( any?+ t _h be5 noble or exalt$ 9 ! liv+4 ,9 fact !re is n a sugge/ion ( any k9d4 ,ev]y?+ is told & ! spectator's imag9ation is n call$ ^u4 ,realism has be5 pu%$ into ! la/ dit*1 & yet has produc$ only a sign /&+ = ,*ri/ on ! cross1 & n ! real ?+--a sign :i*1 9 ga9+ an elaborate tru? to fact1 has lo/ its tru? to art & its p[] ( sugge/ion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,vi4--,,c>paccio1 ,/4 ,ursula & ,pr9ce ( ,engl& 7detail74 ,academy1 ,v5ice4 ,we may z well conclude !n1 )\t fur!r illu/ration1 t ! exact portrayal ( nature kn[n z realism falls some:at %ort ( its m>k4 ,x may report & report1 b x _c realize4 ,light1 air1 hills1 m\nta9s1 human be+s & _! habitations _c be reproduc$1 b !y may be translat$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( pigm5t & ?us r5d]$ intelligible to u4 ,y may translate !m 8reali/ically0 or y may translate !m sugge/ively1 b 9 ei!r case x is ! translation t y w h1 & n ! orig9al4 ,ea* art--music1 poetry1 pa9t+--has its peculi> me?od ( translation1 & we h call$ ! result 9 ea* case a sign--a conv5tion :i* we h agre$ to recognize z mean+ ?us & s2 b ( c\rse ! signs 9 pa9t+ are n q s arbitr>y z 9 language or *emi/ry4 ,! pa9t+ ( a wave c]ta9ly looks m l a wave ?an ! ^w 8wat]10 or ! symbol ,h#b,o4 ,! sign has a c]ta9 resemblance to ! orig9al :i* gives a reason = ! exi/5ce ( realism & also adds to ! confusion ( ^? :o w\ld sp9 a !ory ( art2 b ! resemblance %\ld n mislead u4 ,! sign is /ill a sign1 ?\gh 9 ! "o case x is repres5tative & 9 ! o!r case symbolic4 ,its mean+ has n *ang$ 9 any way4 ,! all-see+ eye ( ,osiris is n l ^? speak+ eyes 9 ,van ,dyck's portrait ( 8,cornelius ,van d] ,gee/0 7,plate #c74 ,"o is m conv5tional ?an ! o!r1 b bo? are conv5tions4 ,x is n necess>y t we %\ld d5y value to ?is reali/ic art1 ev5 ?\gh we d n :olly accept x4 ,! v endeavor to make ! "w fai?ful to ! orig9al 9 e detail1 ?\gh x may hurt its deep] s5tim5t1 _c b result 9 good workman%ip2 & t 9 itself is always acceptable & pleasurable4 ,inde$1 bald realism1 ) no?+ else back ( x1 is seldom se5 9 art4 ,! man1 ! mat]ial1 & ! me?od are inextricably mix$ toge!r1 s t ! product always has m or less individuality ab\t x1 or is decorative 9 =m or color1 or expresses "s ?\ght or feel+ ( ! pa9t]1 or /&s = some?+ 9 subject4 ,9 any ev5t ! well-made sign--ev5 z a sign--is n to be scorn$4 ,we %all see h]eaft] h[ x is di/ort$ by ! p]sonal elem5t1 h[ x is twi/$ by ! imag9ation1 h[ x is w>p$ by ! decorative in/9ct2 b we are n to =get at any "t t x is b a symbol1 m]ely a means ( sugge/+ reality1 & n reality itself4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,individuality ,,or ,,! ,,p]sonal ,,elem5t ,,! fact t 8! report ab\t nature0 :i* we h call$ 8tru?0 v>ies ) ! report] is ( vital importance to u 9 compreh5d+ ! measure ( exactness 9 ! result4 ,x is some?+ t mu/ be reckon$ ) 9 e ?\ght1 de$1 & utt]ance1 = its pres5ce is pot5t 9 all human endeavor4 ,two a/ronom]s1 to use ! accept$ illu/ration1 tak+ ! "t ( ! passage ( a s]ies ( />s ov] ! same m]idian1 w n precisely agree 9 _! ari?metical results4 ,h[ev] accurate1 unbiass$1 & me*anical 9 action !y may seek to be1 x happ5s t "o takes ! "t e>li] or lat] ?an ! o!r4 ,consequ5tly !re is always a v>iation 9 ! product1 :i* has to be rectifi$ by add+ a con/ant4 ,?is is :at is call$ ! p]sonal equation--a some?+ we h he>d ab\t 9 lit]ature & art z well z 9 sci5ce4 ,p]haps y may rememb] t 9 ! writ+ class ( our y\? :5 ! motto1 8,evil communications corrupt good mann]s10 0 giv5 u z an example to copy1 we all wrote ! motto1 & we all tri$ to foll[ ! exact =m ( ! copp]-plate patt]n be=e u2 b someh[ our p]=mances diff]$ "o f ano!r4 ,9 "s ! lett]s 7 l>ge1 9 o!rs !y 7 small2 ! angle 0 flatt]1 ! l9e 0 firm]1 or ! %ad+ heavi]4 ,we us$ to ?9k x m]ely a matt] ( practice1 & fanci$ if we kept at x long en\gh we c\ld ultimately write exactly l ! copp]-plate patt]n4 ,b ,i wond] if we ?\ght q correctly ab\t t4 ,c]ta9ly !re are ?\s&s ( p :o h be5 writ+ all _! lives & h _h practice en\gh1 b ^! are ! ones t %[ ! mo/ m>k$ v>iations f ! model4 ,ea* "o writes 9 a mann] peculi>ly 8 own4 ,& ^! h&writ+s t v>y s radically int]e/ u v mu*4 ,we see all sorts ( /rik+ peculi>ities 9 !m sugge/ive ( _! au?ors1 & we ev5 h s-call$ sci5ti/s :o read "* out ( !m1 or into !m1 ,i w n say :i*4 ,! cause ( ! v>iation is n f> to seek4 ,x is ! p]sonal elem5t appe>+ 9 ! "w & influ5c+ x4 ,if we w\ld get ! same result 9 all h&writ+s we mu/ elim9ate ! p]sonal elem5t or1 if y please1 reckon ) ! p]sonal equation4 ,?is quality :i* creates ! v>iance 9 h&writ+ is met ) ev5 m positively 9 pa9t+4 ,= pa9t+ is1 aft] all1 only an elaborat$ picture-writ+1 m flexible1 p]haps1 ?an lett]-writ+1 &1 !re=e1 m easily b5t by a p]sonality2 b 9 ! ma9 influ5c$ by ! same pr9ciples z reg>ds ! v>iation ( ! *>act]s4 ,we all write ! lett] 8,a0 & !y are all 8,a's10 b ea* is diff]5t f ! o!r1 j z all l&scape pa9t]s pa9t hills & trees & !y are all hills & trees1 yet ea* is diff]5t aga94 ,if ?ree pa9t]s1 say ,turn]1 ,r\sseau1 & ,claude ,monet1 c\ld be br\ght toge!r & induc$1 ea* = himself1 to pa9t a giv5 tree1 !re c be no d\bt t all ?ree ( ! pa9t+s w\ld repres5t ! tree & be true en\gh repres5tations into ! b>ga92 b !y w\ld n be at all l "o ano!r4 ,! ,turn] w\ld und\bt$ly give ! height1 ! bran*+ outl9e1 ! grace & gr&eur ( ! tree2 b 9 flatt5$ =m1 p]haps 9 silh\ette aga9/ a yell[ ev5+ sky4 ,9 any ev5t & "u any circum/ances we may be sure t x w\ld be a ,turn]ian tree4 ,& ! ,r\sseau w\ld be correspond+ly true to ,r\sseau's peculi> po9t ( view4 ,x w\ld probably h an emphasis ( mass & volume2 x w\ld be z deep ?r\gh z broad across1 x w\ld be firm 9 its root+1 massive 9 its trunk & bran*es1 heavy 9 its foliage1 ri* 9 its color+4 ,b ,claude ,monet1 pa9t+ ! same tree1 w\ld n see ! ?+s t appeal$ to ,turn] & ,r\sseau1 or if he did he w\ld disreg>d !m4 ,he w\ld ov]look =m & l9e & body1 p]haps lose !m entirely 9 /udy+ ! sunlight fall+ ^u ! foliage1 9 pa9t+ ! color$ reflections ca/ by sky & gr\nd & wat]1 9 surr\nd+ ! tree ) color$ air & giv+ x a sett+ 9 an atmosph]ic envelope4 ,und\bt$ly we %\ld be able to recognize ! orig9al tree 9 any "o ( ! ?ree c\nt]feit pres5tm5ts4 ,ea* w\ld diff] f ! o!r & yet no "o ( !m be false4 ,!re w\ld be ?ree diff]5t tru?s ab\t ! "o tree--?ree diff]5t phases ( ! "o fact4 ,& und\bt$ly we %\ld be able to say j :i* pa9t] pa9t$ ea* picture4 ,h[8 ,because we %\ld recognize 9 ea* ! po9t ( view peculi> to its mak]--we %\ld recognize ! individuality ( ! pa9t]4 ,if we consid] ?is same tree z "p ( a l&scape--consid] x 9 connection ) =egr\nd1 backgr\nd1 & sky--we %all see t ! *ance = ! display ( individuality is ev5 great]4 ,! *oice ( ! pa9t] z to h[ ! tree %all be se5 det]m9es at ! v />t ! "* ( ! repres5tation4 ,if x is plac$ 9 ! =egr\nd & spreads 9 a patt]n ( bran*es & leaves high up aga9/ ! sky1 we h "o phase ( tree-tru?1 "o k9d ( picture :i* may p]haps resemble1 9 a way1 ! "w ( ,h>pignies1 if x is plac$ 9 ! middle di/ance1 a %ad[y =m aga9/ a pale morn+ sky1 ) a feel+ ( heavy air & ris+ mi/s1 we h ano!r phase ( tru?1 some?+ :i* may repres5t ,corot2 if x is se5 9 ! f> backgr\nd aga9/ a yell[ twilight sky1 tall1 d>k1 motionless1 we h /ill ano!r phase ( tru? :i* may /& = ,daubigny4 ,any *ange 9 ! position ( ! tree1 any *ange 9 =egr\nd or sky-l9e1 9 light or reflection or atmosph]e1 w\ld repres5t a new angle ( vision & h5ce a new tru?4 ,& ! pref]5ce ( ! pa9t] = any p>ticul> phase ( ! manife/ation1 any p>ticul> tru?1 w\ld exhibit :at we h call$ 8 individuality4#b ,footnote #b3 ,?is matt] ( p]sonality & *oice is well illu/rat$ by ,mr4 ,la ,f>ge 9 8 8,consid]ations on ,pa9t+40 ,he says 7p4 #ga73 8,i rememb] myself1 ye>s ago1 sket*+ ) two well-kn[n m51 arti/s :o 7 great fri5ds1 great cronies1 ask+ ea* o!r all ! "t h[ to d ?is & h[ to d t6 b absolutely diff]5t 9 ! texture ( _! m9ds & 9 ! result t !y wi%$ to obta91 s f> z ! pictures & draw+s by :i* !y 7 well kn[n to ! public are conc]n$4 8,:at we made1 or r1 ,i %\ld say1 :at we wi%$ to note1 0 m]ely a memor&um ( ! pass+ effect ^u ! hills t lay be=e u4 ,we _h no idea ( express+ ourselves or ( /udy+ 9 any way ! subject = any future use4 ,we m]ely _h ! int5tion to note ?is affair rapidly1 & we _h all us$ ! same words to express to ea* o!r :at we lik$ 9 x4 ,!re 7 big cl\ds roll+ ov] hills1 sky cle>+ above1 dots ( trees & wat] & mead[ l& bel[2 & ! gr\nd fell away sudd5ly be=e u4 ,well1 our ?ree sket*es 7 9 ! fir/ place diff]5t 9 %ape2 ei!r f our physical diff]5ces1 or f a habit ( draw+ c]ta9 %apes ( a picture1 :i* itself usually indicates--z y "k or ought to "k--:e!r we are look+ f> or ne>4 ,two 7 oblong1 b ( diff]5t proportions2 "o 0 m ne>ly a squ>e3 ! di/ance tak5 into ! "r & left 0 small] 9 ! latt] case1 &1 on ! contr>y1 ! height up & d[n--t is to say1 ! portion ( l& b5ea? & ! portion ( sky above--0 great]4 ,9 ea* picture ! di/ance bore a diff]5t relation to ! =egr\nd4 ,9 ea* picture ! cl\ds 7 treat$ ) diff]5t precision & diff]5t att5tion4 ,9 "o picture ! op5 sky 0 ! ma9 int5tion ( ! picture4 ,9 two pictures ! upp] sky 0 ( no consequ5ce--x 0 ! cl\ds & ! m\nta9s t 7 insi/$ ^u4 ,! draw+ 0 ! same--t is to say1 ! g5]al make ( ?+s--b ea* man _h involunt>ily look$ ^u :at 0 mo/ int]e/+ to him 9 ! :ole sight2 & ?\gh ! :ole sight 0 :at he meant to repres5t1 he _h unconsci\sly pref]r$ a beauty or int]e/ diff]5t f :at 8 neighbors lik$4 8,! color ( ea* pa9t+ 0 diff]5t--! vivacity ( colors & tone1 ! di/9ctness ( ea* "p 9 relation to ! :ole2 & ea* picture w\ld h be5 recogniz$ any:]e z a specim5 ( "w by ea* "o ( u1 *>act]i/ic ( our names4 ,& we sp5t on ! :ole affair p]haps tw5ty m9utes4 ,i wi% y to und]/& aga9 t we ea* ?\ght & felt z ?\gh we _h be5 photograph+ ! matt] be=e u4 ,we _h n ! fir/ desire ( express+ ourselves1 & ,i ?9k w\ld h be5 v mu* worri$ _h we n felt t ea* "o 0 true to nature4 ,( c\rse !re is no absolute nature1 z ) ea* slight %ift+ ( ! eye1 involunt>ily we focus m or less di/9ctly "s "p to ! prejudice ( o!rs4 ,& n only w\ld ?is result h be5 ! same if we _h gone on pa9t+1 b _h we made a draw+1 _h we made a c>eful repres5tation or rapid note ( :at we saw by l9es 7t is to say1 by an ab/raction ( ! edges ( ! surfaces t we saw71 anyone c\ld h told ! names ( ! m5 :o _h done x40 ,?is pref]5ce = a peculi> po9t ( view crops out v e>ly 9 ! pa9t]'s life4 ,! /ud5ts 9 an art class1 draw+ f ! liv+ model on ! plat=m1 & ea* "o /riv+ to foll[ t model lit]ally1 all %[ x4 ,! sket*es indicate by ! plac+ ( ! figure ^u ! pap]1 ! size ( ! figure1 ! height or dep? ( ! %ad[s1 ! cle>ness or vagu5ess ( ! outl9e1 t ! p]sonal elem5t--individuality--is pres5t1 influ5c+ & practically dom9at+ ! "w ( ev]yone 9 ! class-room4 ,& ?is1 too1 9 *>coal "w1 :]e ! color problem is elim9at$4 ,moreov]1 !re are features ( ^! *>coal sket*es1 aside f m]e te*nique1 t are equally int]e/+ z indicative ( ! peculi> temp]am5t beh9d ! p5cil4 ,y _c fail to be /ruck ) ! mood or _s t creeps into ea* "o ( ! draw+s4 ,on "o pap] ! model looks pleasant1 almo/ jovial1 on ano!r he w appe> sad-fac$ or morose1 on ano!r1 romantic z y might conceive a ,wagn] h]o1 or classic & insipid l a ,canova m>ble1 & on /ill ano!r1 gross1 brutal1 or p]haps fooli%-look+4 ,x is n possible t ! model c\ld exhibit all ^! diff]5t moods4 ,! v>iation is n 9 him4 ,he pres5ts ! same /olid1 tir$ front common to all models2 ! mood is add$ to him by ! p]sonality hold+ ! *>coal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,vii4--,,bell9i1 ,madonna & ,sa9ts4 ,s4 ,m4 dei ,fr>i1 ,v5ice4 ,we see ! same v>iation among ! works ( old] p--full-fl$g$ arti/s1 9 ! _w ( art4 ,n[h]e is x m app>5t ?an 9 ! portrait1 ! "o ?+ :i* might be ?\ght to call = ! elim9ation ( ! pa9t] & a close fidelity to ! facts ( ! orig9al4 ,b su* is ! p[] ( pref]5ce t ! pa9t] almo/ inv>iably emphasizes c]ta9 features at ! exp5se ( o!rs less int]e/+ to him2 or su* is ! w>p ( ! vision t c]ta9 qualities appe> abnormal1 c]ta9 prom95ces appe> unduly acc5tuat$4 ,!re are portraits ( ! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire & ( ,mrs4 ,siddons 7,plate #ai7 by bo? ,reynolds & ,ga9sbor\gh1 b h[ v diff]5t !y are6 ,) ,reynolds bo? ( ! *>act]s are heal?y1 robu/1 good-natur$1 some:at l\d & /ormy2 ) ,ga9sbor\gh !y are bo? delicate1 subdu$1 ref9$1 ev5 melan*oly4 ,& ?9k ( ! portraits 9 ! ,l\vre ( ,francis ,i4 by diff]5t h&s1 :]e only a slight ?read ( resemblance holds !m toge!r2 or1 bett] /ill1 ! portraits ( ,napoleon ,i41 pa9t$ by ! classic pa9t]s ( 8 reign :o believ$ 9 ! utt] effacem5t ( ! arti/ 9 favor ( ! facts be=e him4 ,h[ v diff]5t 9 =m1 feature1 mood1 & "* ,napoleon appe>s 9 ea* picture4 ,he is classic2 he is romantic2 he is ?91 fat1 amiable1 moody1 fi]y1 dreamy4 ,david1 ,del>o*e1 ,gros1 no matt] :at _! !ories 9 art1 c\ld n keep !mselves out ( ! repres5tation4 ,all t any "o ( !m c\ld d 0 to give 8 individual impression ( ! model be=e him4 ,necess>ily ea* 0 t9ctur$ by a pr$ilection or a bias4 ,x c\ld n h be5 o!rwise4 ,:at is ! cause ( ! v>iation 9 results to be se5 9 ! portrait8 ,:y1 = in/ance1 d ! photographs ( ,que5 ,victoria %[ sub/antially ! same ?+1 :ile ! portraits ( h] by pa9t]s %[ diff]5t ?+s8 ,because ! cam]as are all made ( practically ! same mat]ial1 h ! same s5sitiv5ess1 & receive light 9 ! same way2 :]eas m5 are n made ( ! same mat]ial1 h n ! same s5sitiv5ess1 & receive v>y+ degrees ( light accord+ to _! lucidity or absorb5t p[]1 :i* is sometimes call$ g5ius4 ,no two p are fa%ion$ precisely aft] ! same patt]n4 ,!y v>y 9 intellectual1 emotional1 & physical make-up4 ,& let a pa9t] /rive z he may to record an exact fact be=e him1 he _c escape ! action ( 8 inh]5t faculties4 ,^! may be bright]1 cle>]1 ke5]1 ?an ^? ( o!r pa9t]s1 or !y may be dull] & feebl]2 b at lea/ !y are diff]5t1 & he mu/ use :at nature has giv5 him4 ,he 0 equipp$ orig9ally to see ) 8 own eyes1 ?9k ) 8 own bra91 & "w ) 8 own h&s4 ,is x n v app>5t !n t ! eye may w>p ! vision & report peculi>ly to ! bra91 :i* 9 turn may tell ! h& to "w ?us & s8 ,& ! result 9 art is :at8 ,:y1 ! individual view ( "o man2 or nature pass$ ?r\gh ! alembic ( t man's p]sonality4#c ,footnote #c3 8,our eyes1 our e>s1 our s5se ( smell1 ( ta/e1 diff]+ f "o p]son to ano!r1 create z _m tru?s z !re are m5 ^u e>?4 ,& our m9ds1 tak+ in/ructions f ^! organs1 s div]sely impress$1 und]/&1 analyse1 judge1 z if ea* ( u belong$ to a diff]5t race4 ,ea* "o ( u1 !re=e1 =ms = himself an illusion ( ! _w2 & ! writ] 7! pa9t]1 too7 has no o!r mission ?an to reproduce fai?fully ?is illusion1 ) all ! contrivances ( art t he has le>n$ & has at 8 comm&40--,,guy ,,de ,,maupassant1 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,m>*1 #ahhh1 p4 #cff4 ,illu/ration3 ,,viii4--,,correggio1 ,my/ic ,m>riage ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,h[ %rewdly ,col]idge disc]n$ ! tru? 9 t def9ition ( art :i* ,i am s v fond ( quot+ because ( its exactness4 ,he says t pa9t+ is ( 8a middle quality betwe5 a ?\ght & a ?+--! union ( t :i* is nature ) t :i* is exclusively human40 ,t is x1 precisely4 ,art is an illusion ( nature produc$ by a p]sonality4 ,human individuality mu/ be 9 x because x _c v well be kept out ( x4 ,:atev] we d1 we speak ourselves4 ,= a "t we may act a "p--copy someone else--b soon] or lat] ! mask falls & we /& reveal$ 9 ! =m & mann] nature design$ = u4 ,we are all peculi> 9 our make-up physically1 m5tally1 & /hetically4 ,to ! ,european all ,*9am5 look alike1 & possibly to ,*9am5 all ,am]icans look alike2 b we "k !re is a v>iation4 ,we may seem z l z peas 9 a peck measure1 b we diff] 9 ! con=mation ( a wr9kle4 ,out ( a hundr$ acqua9tances on ! /reet h[ easy x is to recognize ea* "o ap>t f 8 fell[s4 ,!re is a peculi>ity 9 look or walk or be>+ t betrays ! man4 ,& ( ^? hundr$ acqua9tances ea* "o1 z we h already not$1 writes 9 an individual way & y are able to di/+ui% ! h&writ+s by ! v>iations 9 ! muscul> action ( ! h&s4 ,suppose y %\ld h read to y extracts f a hundr$ fam\s au?ors1 d y ?9k y w\ld h mu* difficulty 9 recogniz+ ,%akespe>e f ,victor ,hugo1 ,c>lyle f ,c>d9al ,newman1 or ,walt] ,scott f ,sw9burne8 ,c\ld y possibly mi/ake an essay by ,bacon = an essay by ,macaulay1 or c\ld y by any *ance confuse a s]mon by ,canon ,liddon ) a s]mon by ,spurgeon8 ,i ?9k n1 = ! individuality ( m9d & ?\ght is ev5 m positive & ass]tive ?an ! individuality ( ! physical pres5ce4 ,if y are acqua9t$ ) pictures y c ent] a gall]y 9 :i* y h nev] be5 be=e1 & /&+ 9 ! middle ( ! room y c pick out at a di/ance ! ,corots1 ! ,diazes1 ! ,monets1 ! ,millets1 ! ,delacroixs--yes1 ! ,rub5ses1 ! ,van ,dycks1 ! ,holbe9s1 & ! ,titians4 ,& ?is1 too1 ) a l>ge degree ( accuracy4 ,y are v likely to be "r 9 y\r ascriptions4 ,:y8 ,because y "k ! arti/ic individualities ( ea* "o ( ^? pa9t]s--"k j h[ !y see1 ?9k1 feel1 & pa9t--z y "k ! p]sonal appe>ance ( an acqua9tance ^u ! /reet1 or recognize 8 h&writ+ ^u ! face ( an envelope4 ,:5 ! "q ( a picture's attribution comes up1 :5 x is ( mom5t :e!r a "w is by a ,raphael or a ,p]9o del ,vaga1 by a ,velasquez or a ,mazo1 !re is an unconsci\s appeal made to ! _s ( ! picture4 ,& ?is q aside f a "q ( te*nique1 aside f any ,morellian !ory ( tools or me?ods or models4 ,does ! "w reflect ! _s ( ,raphael8 ,is ! impress ( 8 individuality to be felt 9 ! canvas8 ,if x is g5u9e1 yes2 if by a foll[]1 no4 ,! sug>y little 8,read+ ,magdal5e0 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 s long attribut$ to ,correggio1 gives n ! slighte/ h9t ( t great pa9t]'s individuality2 ! alleg$ portrait ( ,raphael by himself 9 ! ,l\vre %[s all ! blund]+ /upidity ( ,bac*iacca4 ,:e!r ma/] or foll[]1 ! pa9t] _c disguise himself effectively4 ,back ( ! "w we feel ! pres5ce ( ! work]4 ,! great arti/s fa%ion _! art aft] _! own ?\ghts1 & t :i* !y love ! be/ or feel ! deepe/ speaks out f ! canvas until at la/ we recognize ! poet 9 8 poem1 ! sculptor 9 8 m>ble1 ! pa9t] 9 8 picture4 ,^! qualities ( individuality 9 art are mu* l ! same qualities 9 real life1 & we may p]haps fancy 9 ! picture t :i* we f9d admirable 9 ! p]sonal acqua9tance4 ,= in/ance1 ! traits ( frankness & /raight=w>dness :i* we all love 9 a fri5d1 are !y n j z app>5t 9 ,c>paccio ! pa9t]8 ,& j z lovable8 ,! way 9 :i* ,c>paccio tells ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,ursula or ,/4 ,george--s frank 9 _s & yet s cunn+ ( h&--rem9ds "o someh[ ( a *apt] f ,sir ,john ,maundevile or ,rog] ( ,w5dov]4 ,h[ naif he is ) 8 gorge\sly rob$ ,v5etians 7,plate #f76 ,h[ e>ne/ he is ab\t ! dignity ( ! types1 ! nobility ( ! faces1 ! sobriety ( ! action6 ,8 s9c]ity is z great z t ( ,giotto1 & 8 absolute unconsci\sness--8 lack ( egotism--z app>5t z t ( ,fra ,angelico4 ,at ! foot ( ! 8,pres5tation0 9 ! ,v5etian ,academy is t little angel play+ ^u a lute :i* y h all se5 9 reproductions s _m times4 ,y mu/ h notic$ t ! angel 0 n play+ = public applause1 b = ! glory ( ! ,madonna /&+ above4 ,!re is no ?\ght ( y or ( me1 or anyone outside ( ! ,madonna & ! gr\p ( sa9ts4 ,t quality ( unconsci\sness we ne$ n attribute to angels4 ,x is no *>act]i/ic ( !irs s f> z we "k2 b x 0 a quality ( ,victor ,c>paccio1 ! ,v5etian pa9t]4 ,?9k = a mom5t ( ! 8,madonna & ,sa9ts0 9 ! sacri/y ( ! ,fr>i by ,giovanni ,bell9i 7,plate #g74 ,h[ absolutely hone/ & unaba%$ %e looks6 ,?is is n ! ,madonna ( ,sorr[s1 n ! pa!tic ,madonna ( ,botticelli2 b a purely human "m1 pr\d ( h] boy--a "m & n a%am$4 ,& ! little *]ubs play+ on musical in/rum5ts at ! foot ( ! ?rone1 h[ *ild-l !y are ) _! s]i\s faces1 _! little fat *eeks & r\nd *ildi% legs6 ,ev]y?+ 9 & ab\t ! picture tells y ( ! sane1 heal?y m9d & art ( ,giovanni ,bell9i4 ,! ,madonna's hone/y is ,bell9i's hone/y2 ! view ( ! *]ubs z m]ely beautiful & graceful *ildr5 ( ?is e>? is ,bell9i's view2 yes1 ! gorge\s color+ ( ! patt]n$ backgr\nd1 ! sup]b ar*itecture1 ev5 ! ri* ornam5tation ( ! fram+ are ,bell9i's ta/e4 ,we _c1 if we w\ld1 escape ! man4 ,he is omnipres5t 9 8 "w4 ,:y %\ld he n be8 ,! /ory 9 lit]ature becomes fasc9at+ ?r\gh ! p]sonality & skill ( ! /ory-tell]2 :y %\ld n ! !me 9 art be beautiful ?r\gh ! individuality & skill ( ! pa9t]8 ,^? ( y :o h be5 9 ,rome & h /udi$ 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel "k ) :at a feel+ ( awe ! great figures on ! ceil+ inspire "o4 ,y feel ! pres5ce ( a mighty _s )9 ! walls1 hov]+ ab\t ! vault$ space1 9 ! v air ( ! *apel itself4 ,:at is x8 ,surely1 no?+ 9 ! ar*itecture or ! light+ ( ! *apel2 no?+ 9 ! subjects ( ! frescoes1 = !y are famili> subjects 9 art4 ,x is ! impress ( a comm&+ individuality t y feel4 ,mi*ael ,angelo lives "h 9 8 pictures4 ,^? great =ms ( ! ,prophets & ,sibyls lo/ 9 ?\ght1 brood+ ov] ! evil ( _! days1 isolat$ 9 _! gr&eur1 liv+ on 9 gloomy solitude1 h[ v l !y are to :at we "k ( ,mi*ael ,angelo himself6 ,notice ! =e-%ort5$ h& & arm ( ! 8,delphic ,sibyl0 7,plate #ba7 & h[ symbolic ( /r5g? x is1 h[ l to ! p[] t lay 9 ! arm1 h&1 & m9d ( ! ma/] himself6 ,foll[ ! outl9e ( ! figure ( ! newly creat$ ,adam--p]haps ! gr&e/ piece ( draw+ 9 all pictorial art--& h[ t summ>iz$1 syn!tiz$ l9e speaks ! compreh5sive grasp1 scope1 k1 & pla/ic feel+ ( ! great draughtsman4 ,s x is t individuality creeps into ! "w ( art & t+es ! :ole "* ( x4 ,( ! ?\s&s ( pictures we pass be=e 9 public gall]ies ! great majority ( !m are m]ely records ( individual ta/es1 beliefs1 aspirations1 emotions4 ,9 o!r words !y are p>tial autobiographies ( ! pa9t]s1 %[+ c\ntless moods ( human nature4 ,"s ( !m are grave1 "s gay1 "s ref9$1 "s fi]ce1 "s gr&iloqu5t1 "s respl5d5t4 ,almo/ e %ade ( s5tim5t & feel+1 almo/ e quality p]sonal to ! man1 c be record$ 9 art4 ,& ?is1 )\t prem$itat$ ?\ght1 )\t extravagant ef=t1 )\t consci\s action4 ,! note ( a bird discloses its k9d n m unconsci\sly ?an ! h& ( ! arti/ tells ! quality ( ! man4 ,if all ! lives ( ,rembr&t 7 swept out ( exi/5ce we %\ld /ill be able to recon/ruct 8 individuality f 8 pictures4 ,8 mu/ h be5 an int5sely emotional nature4 ,= n 9 ! 8,supp] at ,emmaus0 alone d we f9d ! sorr[-/a9$ face4 ,! portraits ( himself are only too (t5 sad-ey$ & passion-wrung2 & !re is 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london1 "o ( 8 portraits ( an old woman ) a lace cap & a :ite ruff 7,no4 #gge ( ! ,catalogue7 t %[s a m\? & *9 quiv]+ ) emotion1 & eyes t seem r$ ) weep+4 ,! man 0 tragic 9 8 passionate p[]4 ,he c\ld n suppress x4 ,ev5 :5 he laughs y feel t he is do+ s to avoid a moan4 ,we h little record ( ! life ( ,giorgione1 b f two or ?ree ( 8 pictures we "k he mu/ h be5 q ! rev]se ( ,rembr&t4 ,8 8,madonna10 at ,ca/elfranco 7,plate #bd7 & 8 8,conc]t10 9 ! ,l\vre 79 ,giorgione's /yle if n by 8 h&71 tell u 8 ,!ocritean nature--lov+ life = its pa/oral beauty1 revell+ 9 sun%9e1 %ad[ & color1 c>eless ( ev]y?+ b ! pure joy ( liv+4 ,we "k /ill less ab\t ,correggio1 b 8 pictures 7,plate #h7 say to u t he 0 ( a simil> faun-l nature--a man :o grew eloqu5t ov] ! grace & *>m ( wom5 & *ildr51 & c>$ little or no?+ = ! religi\s !mes ( 8 "t4 ,& s we might g on d[n ! long l9e ( pa9t+s1 recogniz+ 9 ea* picture ! note t h>moniz$ ) ! pa9t]'s individuality4 ,:at1 = in/ance1 is m app>5t ?an ! *>m ( ,corot z se5 9 8 l&scapes 7,plate #i78 ,8 pictures delight u by _! allur+ qualities ( calmness1 radiance1 unity4 ,!y are fair dreams ( spl5dor 9 :i* dawn & twilight gl[ ?r\gh a silv] veil ( atmosph]e1 9 :i* ! w9ds are hu%$ & ! wat]s are /ill$ & t peace t passe? und]/&+1 t joy :i* is beyond price1 h fall5 ^u ! dwell]s 9 ,arcadia ,*>m 9 its v>i\s manife/ations has be5 ! possession ( n a few pa9t]s4 ,_m ( ! ,italians--,leon>do1 ,filipp9o1 ,lor5zo ,co/a1 ,sodoma--possess$ x2 ! eighte5? c5tury ,engli%m5--,wilson1 ,ga9sbor\gh1 ,romney--7 n )\t x2 & ! mod]n l&scape pa9t]s--,daubigny 7,plate #af71 ,caz91 ,hom] ,m>t91 ,tryon--h %[n x 9 almo/ all _! "w4 ,s]5ity is a quality alli$ to *>m 9 t x is re/ful & h5ce an attractive feature4 ,all ! great m5 possess$ x4 ,raphael 0 prim>ily its expon5t 9 ,rome z ,giorgione 9 ,v5ice4 ,! sup]b repose ( ,titian & ,velasquez is ak9 to x2 & ! calm ( ! ,p>!non m>bles is "p ( ! same _s4 ,ref9em5t is ano!r *>act]i/ic t may be %[n 9 pa9t+ z readily z 9 pr9t4 ,x has no?+ to d ) f9e furniture1 f9e clo!s1 & a pretty face4 ,a picture may possess all ! elegance ( ! late/ fa%ion & /ill be ! epitome ( vulg>ity4 ,ref9em5t 9 art means ! delicacy1 ! di/9ction ( feel+ t a pa9t] may possess & %[ 9 8 "w4 ,t]burg made x app>5t 9 s simple a ?+ z ! draw+ ( a *air leg or a table-clo?1 ,*>d9 %[$ x 9 8 pots1 pans & di%es1 & x is obvi\s to ! mo/ obtuse 9 ,van ,dyck's portraits ( m51 wom5 & *ildr54 7,plate #ah47 ,a t5d]ness ( feel+ z well z ( t\* has be5 exhibit$ _m times 9 pa9t+4 ,dr] %[s x 9 8 8,*ri/ on ! ,cross0 7,plate #aj71 & ,botticelli sugge/s x 9 almo/ e picture he ev] pa9t$1 :e!r sacr$ or pr(ane 7,plate #bi74 ,j s ) s5sitiv5ess1 :i* we see s beautifully %[n 9 ! portraits by ,lor5zo ,lotto1 or impetuosity z reveal$ 9 ! great dramatic canvases by ,t9toretto1 or livel9ess z se5 9 ! g>d5 sc5es ( ,pat] or ! s\brette figures ( ,fragon>d4 ,! words describe ! _s ( ! pictures & !y also sugge/ ! nature ( ! pa9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ix4--,,corot1 ,l&scape4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,& note too1 if y please1 t ! disagreeable & unpleasant qualities ( ! individual crop out 9 pa9t+ z 9 social life4 ,h[ _m mod]n pa9t]s d we "k ^: works exhale ! atmosph]e ( ! ,folies-,b]gres & ! ,bal ,bulli]4 ,_! subjects may be pure en\gh or ref9$ en\gh2 !y may picture dec5t p1 high life1 & fa%ionable surr\nd+s1 & yet d x ) an un:olesome m9d & a tell-tale bru%4 ,!re are pa9t]s 7_! names ne$ n be m5tion$7 :o _c pa9t a lady )\t %[+ ! cocotte1 nor a g5tleman )\t %[+ ! blackgu>d1 nor a *ild )\t %[+ a c]ta9 sophi/ication--a precoci\s k ( evil--altoge!r unhappy4 ,! co>s5ess ( ,jan ,/e5 or ,br\w] may be pass$ ov] z incid5tal to 8 "t4 ,x is co>se1 b nei!r vulg> nor immoral4 ,b n s ! brutality ( ! mod]n cosmopolite :o boa/s s op5ly 9 8 pictures t he has no fai? 9 ! virtue ( wom5 nor ! respectability ( m54 ,& :at vulg>ity we see 9 e mod]n exhibition1 :e!r held 9 ,*icago1 ,london1 or ,p>is6 ,pa9t]s !re are1 born & br$ no "o kn[s :]e or h[1 :o depict ,ox=d pr(essors or /atesm5 ) ! air & attitude ( flunkies1 or du*esses ) ! smirk ( %op-girls4 ,& pa9t]s !re are1 too1 :o1 assum+ = _! *>act]s ! elegance ( luxury1 pa9t pictures t seem to reek ( p]fumes1 sc5t$ soaps1 & manicur$ f+]-nails4 ,su* m5 seem to leave an unhappy impress ^u ! trees & m\nta9s1 & _! po9t ( view vulg>izes ! blue sky4 ,!y may be v brilliant h&l]s ( ! bru%--inde$ !y are (t5 excell5t craftsm5--b _! vision is sadly w>p$ & _! m9ds are ta9t$4 ,!re are1 = in/ance1 few workm5 m fasc9at+ 9 craftsman%ip ?an ,goya4 ,he c\ld pa9t beautifully & conv9c+ly1 b :5 y g to ,spa9 & see ! mass ( 8 pa9t+ y w be surpris$ at ! blood & flame & brutality ( x4 ,! man's m9d1 at times1 0 hide\s1 une>?ly1 poison$ ) bitt]ness4 ,on ! contr>y take ! "w ( ,c>lo ,dolci or ,sass(]rato & y meet ) sup]-saturat$ s5tim5tality & mawki%ness4 ,nei!r 0 a bad pa9t] = 8 age & p1 b 8 m5tal attitude 0 lack+ 9 =ce--p]haps _h n en\gh brutality ab\t x4 ,& human conceit exudes z readily f ! pa9t]'s bru% z f ! writ]'s p54 ,y h no tr\ble 9 recogniz+ conceit 9 a book4 ,x is only too app>5t4 ,& yet all t clev] pa9t+1 t bravura ( ! bru%1 t elaborate fl\ri% ( ! little m5 :o try to make a great noise & attract att5tion to !mselves1 is m]e pictorial conceit4 ,& !re is s mu* ( x 9 mod]n pa9t+4 ,x seems sometimes z ?\gh ! exhibitions 7 m ?an half made up ( flippant displays ( dext]ity1 :i* h no o!r aim ?an to %[ h[ v clev] ! pa9t] c be & /ill avoid s]i\sness4 ,b ,i ne$ n /op long] to discuss disagreeable *>act]i/ics 9 art4 ,!y are n our que/ 9 any s5se & !y are ref]r$ to "h m]ely to sugge/ anew t ! man--be he weak or /rong1 good or bad1 noble or ignoble1 s]i\s or flippant--ev5tually appe>s 9 8 "w4 ,individuality w speak out ?\gh ! individual may n be aw>e ( x4 ,& ?is is z x %\ld be4 ,! disagreeable p]sonality misleads = only a %ort "t4 ,ev5tually x is ignor$ 9 art z 9 social life4 ,& t :i* is really good 9 pa9t+ is ! bett] = ! /rong individuality beh9d x4 ,! frank /atem5t ( p]sonal feel+ or fai?1 ! c&id autobiography1 has add$ m to ! real k ( life1 & has done m to %[ p h[ to live1 ?an all ! long volumes ( sci5tific hi/ory1 ( :i* we h en\gh & to sp>e 9 e libr>y4 ,:5 a p]son speaks ( himself he kn[s 8 subject at lea/1 & c speak ( x truly2 b :5 he speaks ( dead-&-gone ,alex&]s & ,cs>s1 he is speculat+ 9 8p]hapses0 & 8possiblys40 ,& s 9 pa9t+1 :5 a p]son pa9ts :at he individually sees & is impress$ by1 he is likely to produce some?+ wor?y ( att5tion2 b :5 he takes up "s =mula ( tru? laid d[n by a s*ool or a cam]a he is m]ely repeat+ a some?+ he has n se51 & simulat+ a feel+ he has n kn[n4 ,ev5 ! positive ass]tion--! insi/5t ass]tion--( "o's own view is (t5 welcome 9 art4 ,i ?9k we all l ! self-reliance1 ! /eadfa/ness ( belief ( ! individual--assum+1 ( c\rse1 t he is "r & n !re=e m]ely ob/9ate4 ,:5 ,delacroix 0 oppos$ by ! classic pa9t]s ( 8 day because he saw nature 9 pat*es ( color & light1 in/ead ( 9 outl9es & l9e> ext5sions1 he decl>$ defiantly3 8,! :ole _w _c prev5t me f see+ ?+s 9 my own way40 ,he insi/$ ^u x t 8 8way0 0 a "r way1 ev5 if diff]5t f t ( ,+res4 ,he 0 seek+ to picture some?+ peculi> to himself1 9 a mann] entirely 8 own4 ,li/5 to him aga93 8,i am at my w9d[ & ,i see ! mo/ beautiful l&scape2 ! idea ( a l9e nev] comes into my head4 ,! l>k s+s1 ! riv] glitt]s1 ! foliage murmurs2 b :]e are ! l9es t produce ^! *>m+ s5sations80 ,!re y h ! individual po9t ( view1 & 9 ! #ahdj's x 0 a v unusual view4 ,x 0 ! self-reliant quality ( ! man1 :i* enabl$ him to disc>d ! outworn conception ( 8 contempor>ies & create a some?+ new2 & x is l>gely by ! creative faculty aris+ f ! desire to say some?+ new1 t we di/+ui% g5ius f m$iocrity or ecc5tricity4 ,= y "k t p :om we call 8que]0 c be j z individual z o!rs1 & yet n accompli% any?+ ( importance4 ,!re is an individuality ( g5ius :i* consi/s 9 orig9al impression & /atem5t2 & !re is an ecc5tricity ( fooli%ness :i* produces only ! biz>re4 ,x is n difficult1 h[ev]1 to di/+ui% betwe5 !m4 ,=1 z we h already not$1 true individuality is always creative4 ,x builds up1 has a def9ite aim1 proce$s to a def9ite goal2 :]eas1 ecc5tricity is disord]$1 dispos$ to be mean+less1 incl9$ to produce brilliant fragm5ts t h no connection ) ea* o!r4 ,we see ! same qualities exhibit$ 9 ! social *>act]s ( real life1 & gossip says t su* a man is a 8g5ius0 or t ano!r is 8ecc5tric40 ,x is by "s outw>d manife/ation or action1 ak9 to expression 9 pa9t+1 t gossip arrives at its conclusion2 & x is usually a correct conclusion4 ,!n1 too1 !re are pa9t]s :o lose _! individuality--?r[ x aside to take up ) ! view ( "s o!r p]son :o seems to h a*iev$ m popul>ity4 ,! majority ( m5 break d[n 9 _! ideals long be=e !y are old4 ,!y may h possess$ tal5t1 & giv5 voice to x 9 e>ly ye>s2 b x has be5 unnotic$1 p]haps unhe>d4 ,!y may h _h impressions ( _! own2 b p]haps !y h n prov$ attractive to ! masses1 or h n receiv$ ! imm$iate recognition to :i* _! produc]s p]haps ?\ght !m entitl$4 ,!n !y make ! irretrievable mi/ake ( try+ to foll[ someone ^: impressions seem to be 9 public dem&4 ,x may be t !y foll[ ,raphael or ,titian or ,velasquez2 b no matt] h[ good a pa9t] !y may *oose = a model1 !y h already committ$ arti/ic suicide4 ,no "o 9 ?is _w ( ours ev] became great by e*o+ ! voice ( ano!r1 repeat+ :at t o!r has said4 ,are !re n c\ntless illu/rations ( ?is--illu/rations by :ole s*ools ( pa9t]s & sculptors 9 ! hi/ory ( art8 ,:at 0 ! art ( ,rome1 foll[+ z x did ! art ( ,greece8 ,:at 0 ! art ( ^? :o foll[$ ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,raphael1 & ,correggio8 ,:at 0 ! sev5te5?-c5tury art ( ,france1 foll[+ t ( ,italy8 ,:at 0 ,david & classicism1 foll[+ anci5t ,rome8 ,:at is to-day ! value ( all ^! ,fr5* peasants & ,se9e l&scapes = :i* ,millet & ,corot set ! patt]ns1 & 9 ! imitation ( :i* ,am]ica has contribut$ h] modicum ( /r5g?8 ,x is all a vapid & some:at mean+less copy+ t may furni% canvases to hide a break 9 ! wall-pap] ( a draw+-room1 b z orig9al art c\nt+ = naught4 ,& :y8 ,simply because x lacks 9 individuality--lacks 9 orig9ality ( aim & /atem5t4 ,t la/ /atem5t may be almo/ z fitt+ly appli$ to ^? :o lit]ally imitate nature z to ^? :o imitate "s o!r pa9t]4 ,x adds no?+ to our /ore ( k1 no?+ to our appreciation ( beauty1 to h ! pa9t] reproduc+ l9e ^u l9e & %ade ^u %ade & color ^u color ! exact sc5e f nature4 8,a m]e copi] ( nature10 says ,sir ,jo%ua1 8c nev] produce any?+ great2 c nev] raise & enl>ge ! conceptions or w>m ! he>t ( ! spectator40 ,! insi/5ce ^u fact cr[ds ! man out ( ! picture4 ,individuality does n appe>1 except p]haps 9 a mann] ( h&l+ :i* %[s ! artisan r ?an ! arti/4 ,! ,d5n]s & ,meissoni]s & ,g]>d ,d\s h no individualities t y c trace 9 _! pictures4 ,y "k !y 7 workm5 & t is ab\t all4 ,realism ) !m1 z ) all devot$ foll[]s ( ! 8tru? to nature0 !ory1 is an attempt at elim9at+ ! p]sonal elem5t1 an attempt at approximat+ ! work+ ( a ma*9e4 ,( c\rse ! attempt is nev] fully realiz$1 b x may be c>ri$ f> en\gh to de/roy :atev] might h be5 /imulat+ or exalt$ 9 ! picture4 ,illu/ration3 ,x4--,d,,r]1 ,*ri/ on ! ,cross4 ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,& j s ) ^? pa9t]s :o produce academic art or1 z x has be5 kn[n = _m ye>s1 classic art4 ,x is bas$ ^u an ab/raction1 an ideal tak5 f memories or rema9s ( ,greek art2 & x is produc$1 9 a s*ola/ic way1 accord+ to an unwritt5 canon ( academic proportions4 ,b\gu]eau & ,lefebvre are ! la/ notable expon5ts ( x 9 ,france1 & excell5t craftsm5 !y are1 too2 b someh[ _! pictures always rem9d "o ( ! book-keep]'s h&writ+4 ,!y are v good z (ficial h&icraft--excell5t draw+s aft] a model--b !y seem to lack "*4 ,!y h no m =ce ?an ! pretty girl on ! outside ( ! h&k]*ief box1 = ^: exi/5ce1 inde$1 !y are l>gely responsible4 ,! want ( /am9a & vitality 9 _! pictures may be acc\nt$ = readily en\gh1 because aga9 ! man is abs5t4 ,! "w is mapp$ out by rule & done by academic precept4 ,z = ! feel+ & ! en?usiasm ( ! pa9t] !y are n app>5t1 & ! product is accord+ly colorless1 me*anical1 some:at insipid4 ,?is academic art is j z imp]sonal z ! s-call$ reali/ic art1 b1 ( c\rse1 nei!r ( !m is imp]sonal ?r\gh ! ignorance ( _! produc]s4 ,x is a "p ( _! cre$ t ! pa9t] %\ld be absolutely 8wip$ out ( ! canvas10 & t ! picture is complete only :5 ! means ( its production 7includ+ ! pa9t]7 are no long] app>5t 9 ! "w4 ,! reali/ believes t nature is above all1 ! mo/ beautiful ( all beauties1 & t ! be/ ! pa9t] c d is to copy h] 9 all humility ( _s4 ,! academician believes t ! academic rule--! cons5sus ( tradition z to :at con/itutes beauty 9 art--is bett] ?an any "o pa9t]'s eyes & h&1 & t ! be/ ! mod]ns c d is to foll[ ! greate/ ( ! anci5ts1 namely1 ! ,greeks4 ,b we h se5 ! impossibility ( absolute realism 9 art & we c imag9e ! futility ( copy+ an art ( ! pa/ to be appli$ to a p ( ! pres5t4 ,9 practice nei!r k9d ( art has prov$ satisfy+4 ,! insi/5ce ^u academic & reali/ic =mulas has always l$ to d5ials & revolts4 ,! bitt]e/ qu>rels 9 art h h+$ ^u :e!r pa9t+ %\ld be p]sonal or imp]sonal1 :e!r a man %\ld foll[ a model1 a rule1 an inexorable law1 or :e!r he %\ld create & be a law unto himself4 ,we h be5 told _m times t ! /ruggles & neglect ( ! ,delacroixs1 ! ,corots1 & ! ,millets 7 due to ! /upid public t refus$ to recognize !m2 b on ! contr>y1 x 0 ! /upid academicians ( ! cole des ,beaux ,arts :o w\ld n und]/& !m & d5\nc$ !m4 ,! prote/ants did n con=m to ! academic /&>d--!y did n recite by rote4 ,great art nev] has admitt$ a law2 x w n be b\nd d[n to a model or a =mula2 x w n tol]ate a rule if x c ga9 by break+ x4 ,x is prim>ily ! expression ( man's delight 9 :at he sees or feels1 & e man mu/ express himself 9 8 own way & 9 8 own language4 ,inde$1 ! long] we pond] ov] ! subject ! sur] we are to agree 9 sub/ance ) ,vron t 8( e "w ( art we may truly say t its *ief value consi/s 9 ! p]sonal "* ( its au?or40 ,^! diff]5t k9ds ( art--realism1 classicism1 individualism--we frequ5tly he> spok5 ( 9 metaphysical t]ms1 :i* "o hesitates to use = fe> ( produc+ confusion4 ,:5 a p]son beg9s talk+ ab\t 8! real0 & 8! ideal10 8! objective0 & 8! subjective10 we are at once all at sea2 because ^? words seem to h be5 us$ to def9e ev]y?+ 9 ! art _w1 & no two def9itions mean q ! same ?+4 ,b z we may consid] imp]sonal art h]eaft]1 p]haps x is z well to say t x is (t5 ref]r$ to z objective art4 ,t is to say1 x is z mu* z possible a realization ( ! object or ?+ pa9t$4 ,x is ! out] view1 see+ ?+s beautiful 9 ext]nal nature4 ,p]sonal art1 on ! contr>y1 is usually ref]r$ to z subjective art4 ,x is ! inn] view1 see+ ?+s beautiful 9 ! m9d's impression or ! he>t's emotion4 ,! int]e/ 9 ! "o case c5tres 9 ! repres5tation ( ! model2 9 ! o!r case x emanates f ! expression ( ! pa9t] himself4 ,( c\rse1 ! "w ( art does n necess>ily h+e ^u ?is "q ( p]sonality or imp]sonality 9 ! picture4 ,!re is ! decorative quality t c\nts = mu*2 !re is some?+ 9 subject t may be ( importance2 & !re is1 too1 ! /yle ( ! "w1 :i* may be /rong en\gh to ov]come o!r & p]haps detract+ features4 ,we h n yet f9i%$ ) our consid]ation ( ! picture1 & are n yet ready to draw a conclusion4 ,x may be t conclusions 9 art are ! bett] = n be+ 8drawn0 too rigidly4 ,! arts :i* dep5d s l>gely ^u v>y+ p]sonalities & temp]am5ts _c be summ$ up & prov$ ) ! exactness ( a ma!matical problem4 ,sometimes f a mass ( illu/rations "o may extract a few g5]al pr9ciples1 & if we succe$ 9 do+ t we %all be tak+ at lea/ "o /ep =w>d 9 ! appreciation ( art4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,imag9ation ,,( ,,! ,,arti/ ,,9 our consid]ation ( ! v>y+ po9ts ( view held by pa9t]s we h be5 plac+ ! responsibility = ! v>iations ^u ! human eye4 ,! argum5t has be5 t p see diff]5tly "o f ano!r2 & f t y h p]haps inf]r$ t !re is a diff]5ce 9 ! con/ruction ( eyes4 ,x is true t !re may be a physical diff]5ce ?r\gh imp]fections ( sight1 z :5 "o is ne>-sight$ or has "s a/igmatism or is color-bl9d4 ,b defective vision does n acc\nt = ! individual view & is n a factor 9 ! pres5t consid]ation4 ,! physical make-up ( ! eye may be assum$ z practically ! same ) all m54 ,! ret9a is m]ely a mirror :i* receives an impression ( a sc5e or object4 ,b ! reception ( ! impression is n ! beg9n+ & ! end ( see+4 ,! complete act requires a m5tal recognition ( :at is se5--requires p]ception4 ,! ^w 8see+0 !n %\ld be und]/ood z mean+ n only ! mirror-"w ( ! ret9a1 b ! p]ception ( t "w by ! m9d4 ,9 ! matt] ( p]ception !re may be diff]5ces among m5 & /ill be no great display ( :at we h call$ individuality4 ,"s p p]ceive mu* :ile o!rs seem almo/ bl9d4 ,y "k t ! eyes ( an unconsci\s p]son may be wide op51 ) ! ret9as mirror+ ev]y?+1 & yet ! m9d p]ceiv+ no?+4 ,& s p :o are q consci\s may look at ?+s & n see !m4 ,! blue %ad[s ca/ ^u ! sn[ 71 no d\bt1 se5 c5turies ago1 b n p]ceiv$ until ! v rec5t "t ( ! impressioni/s2 & ! ,hebrews mu/ h se5 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! blue sky & :ite light z ! ,greeks ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! hues ( yell[ & orange )\t be+ aw>e ( :at !y saw4#d ,footnote #d3 ,a mo/ int]e/+ discussion ( :at ! anci5t peoples knew ( lights & colors is to be f\nd 9 ,franz ,delitzs*1 ,iris1 ,/udies 9 ,color1 etc41 ,ed9b41 #ahii4 ,! eyes ( ! workm5 :o select ! ske9s ( colors = ! ,gobel9 tape/ries are physically n diff]5t f o!r eyes1 b !y recognize scores ( t9ts & %ades t y\r p]ception & m9e _c grasp at all4 ,?is is usually assum$ to be ! result ( ! tra9+ ( ! eye2 b ! eye _c be tra9$ l ! h&4 ,x is passive & receptive2 n active4 ,! tra9+ is t ( ! m9d to note ! s5sations ( ! eye4 ,s f> z ke5ness & cle>ness ( vision are conc]n$1 ,i "k ( no p m rem>kable ?an ! ,papago & ,yuma ,indians1 & yet 9 ! ,colorado ,des]t ,i h frequ5tly call$ _! att5tion to ! lilac %ad[s ^u s&-banks1 to ! p9k & yell[ hazes ( sunset1 to ! blue-/eel gl[ ( m\nta9 walls at noonday1 )\t ev] f9d+ "o ( !m to nod an affirmative4 ,!y "k =m1 outl9e1 movem5t1 & crude color 9 l>ge masses1 b ! ref9em5ts ( hue1 ! subtleties produc$ by light-&-%ade1 ?\gh d\btless se5 by ! eye1 are n recogniz$ by ! m9d4 ,mu* ( ! fumbl+ ) ! pa9t bru% f\nd 9 pres5t-day pictures is no d\bt due to an inadequate p]ception ( ! model4 ,9 ! /udios y w (t5 he> pa9t]s decl>+ t !y c see ?+s cle>ly en\gh1 b _! 8te*nique bo!rs !m20 !y _c get _! f+]s or canvases or colors or bru%es to "w prop]ly4 ,b ! tr\ble is really m fundam5tal4 ,x is _! lack ( p]ception t bo!rs !m4 ,:5ev] a p]son 9 art or 9 lit]ature kn[s 8 subject ?or\ghly !re is no difficulty ab\t words or l9es or colors to express x4 ,m5 l ,leibl & ,meissoni]1 :o see acutely e feature be=e !m1 are n worri$ by a want ( te*nical expression4 ,t _! "w1 ) all its clev]ness ( h& & ke5ness ( vision1 is some:at me*anical--lack+ 9 inspiration--may sugge/ t cle>ness ( view is n ! only requisite ( art4 ,x is1 no d\bt1 a valuable accompli%m5t ) any pa9t]1 & yet if ! picture tells only a tale ( facts x has fall5 %ort ( ! highe/ aim4 ,ke5 eyes & a clev] h& w n take ! place ( t vital quality ( all great art--! imag9ation ( ! arti/4 ,= ! imag9ation is1 p]haps1 ! v ess5ce ( arti/ic see+4 ,9 ! ord9>y acceptation ( ! ^w ! imag9ation is little m ?an ! image-mak+ p[]--! ability to see a ?+ 9 ! m9d's eye4 ,we all ( u h ! p[] 9 "s degree & c summon up sc5es out ( ! pa/ at w1 travell+ fair l&s t we h n kn[n = ye>s1 & see+ faces t h long be5 %ut away 9 ! grave4 ,9 boyhood1 :5 ! imag9ation is active & dispos$ to build air-ca/les1 y d\btless saw y\rself _m times z ! h]o ( imag9>y de$s ( d>+1 c>ry+ (f ! beautiful pr9cess f ! en*ant$ ca/le1 j z old] p l ,dumas saw ! adv5tur\s ,d',artagnan1 & pa9t]s l ,rossetti saw ! ,bless$ ,damosel lean+ f ! gold b> ( ,heav5 ) eyes f> 8,deep] ?an ! dep? ,( wat]s /ill$ at ev52 ,%e _h ?ree lilies 9 h] h&1 ,& ! />s 9 h] hair 7 sev540 ,su* flights ( ! imag9ation z ^!1 y w und]/&1 are connect$ & associat$ ) 8memories10 ( :i* we %all h some?+ to say fur!r on2 b !y are n ! less connect$ ) ! image-mak+ p[]4 ,:5 ! object or ! cause is pres5t be=e u in/ead ( f> back 9 ! pa/1 ! process ( image-mak+ is n radically diff]5t4 ,we see & compreh5d by an image 9 ! m9d4 ,a portrait pa9t]1 to take an example at once f pictures1 does n ex]cise 8 imag9ation ^u a sitt] by conceiv+ him z a great lawy]1 a great poet1 or a great g5]al4 ,he does n ?9k ( him 9 connection ) :at he has done or has be54 ,nor does he elim9ate ! ,mr4 ,hyde f 8 appe>ance1 & give only ! good ,dr4 ,jekyll "p ( him4 ,t w\ld n be pictorial imag9ation s mu* z pictorial falsehood1 ! popul> belief to ! contr>y not)/&+4 ,:at he really does is to look ov] 8 sitt] ) an eye to 8 ext]ior appe>ance2 !n he imag9es him z he w\ld look ^u canvas1 & f9ally he takes up a bru% & tries to pa9t ! image he sees 9 8 m9d4 ,t image 9 8 m9d is 8 conception1 8 idea--yes1 8 ideal1 if y *oose to use t badly misus$ ^w4 ,8 imag9ation has r\nd$ & %ap$ ! appe>ance1 & j z is ! weakness or ! /r5g? ( 8 image-mak+ p[] s w be ! weakness or /r5g? ( 8 portrait1 ! execution1 = ! pres5t1 be+ disreg>d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xi4--,,turn]1 ,! ,fight+ ,tmraire4 ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,b n[ obs]ve1 if y please1 t ! pa9t]1 9 look+ ov] 8 sitt]1 does n necess>ily see him z ! l5s ( a cam]a might see him4 ,! imag9ation may insi/ ^u 8 see+ less accurately & m positively--p]haps abnormally4 ,! man be=e him may h a peculi> bread? ( =ehead1 an unusual wid? betwe5 ! eyes1 a holl[ness 9 ! *eek1 a p9*$ look 9 ! nose & m\?2 or x may be he has a foxy eye1 a puff$ *eek1 a flabby1 vici\s-look+ lip1 & a s5sual-look+ h&4 ,^! may be ! v features t ! imag9ation seizes ^u & emphasizes4 ,!n :5 ! pa9t] takes up 8 bru% he pa9ts ^! features /rongly because !y appeal to him /rongly4 ,& :at is ! result8 ,! look--p]haps 9 ! "o case s*ol>ly & ?\ghtful1 l ,van ,dyck's 8,cornelius ,van d] ,gee/0 7,plate #c71 or 9 ! o!r case crafty-look+ l ,velasquez's 8,innoc5t ,x0 7,plate #ac7--! look t betrays ! "* ( ! sitt] appe>s 9 ! picture1 appe>s m /rongly emphasiz$ ?an 9 ! orig9al2 & all ?r\gh ! prop] ex]cise ( ! imag9ation4 ,! pictorial imag9ation almo/ always lays emphasis ^u prom95t features1 & may at times di/ort !m )\t falsify+ !m z art4 ,! v fir/ act1 ! see+ ( ?+s pictorially--t is1 z !y w\ld appe> 9 a picture r ?an z !y appe> 9 real life--is necess>ily a translation if n a free r5d]+4 ,ev]yone kn[s t ,george ,morl&1 :o saw ,engli% tav]n-life cut up into beautiful pictures & hang+ ^u ! walls1 did n see accurately or sci5tifically2 b he c]ta9ly saw pictorially & imag9atively4 ,! actual w\ld h left u cold1 :]e ! imag9ative excites admiration4 ,we c see some?+ ak9 to ?is ev5 9 ! "w ( ! cam]a4 ,! ord9>y photograph ( a flock ( %eep is prosaic en\gh1 b we h all se5 photographs ( %eep tak5 :5 ! cam]a 0 a little 8(f-focus10 :5 "s ( ! %eep at ! side did n get into ! l9e ( light & 7 some:at di/ort$ & magnifi$ 9 bulk4 ,9 ?is 8(f-focus0 view ! %eep imm$iately become pictorial 9 appe>ance1 & we notice h[ mu* l ,millet's %eep !y look4 ,( c\rse ! unusual appe>ance is caus$ by a p]v]sion ( light 9 ! cam]a1 b ,i d n "k t ,millet's %eep are n caus$ by a p]v]sion ( sight 9 ! man4 ,g5ius is suppos$ to be closely alli$ to insanity2 & imag9ation may be alli$ to di/ortion4 ,c]ta9ly !re is 9 ! pictorial view some?+ ( ! di/ort$ view4 ,a mod]n a?lete 9 ! gymnasium is a v diff]5t a?lete f ^? t wri! ^u ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,did n ,mi*ael ,angelo's imag9ation see ! model abnormally1 & ?us p]suade 8 h& to emphasize all ! p[]ful attributes8 ,a runn+ horse z se5 by ! in/antane\s cam]a is no d\bt accurate en\gh 9 all respects1 save ! s5se ( motion4 ,he does n run4 ,! cam]a arre/s 8 flight1 holds him pois$ 9 air mom5t>ily4 ,b ,from5t9's imag9ation1 z %[n 9 8 pictures1 saw ! horse runn+1 saw him di/ort$1 drawn out 9 body f head to tail4 ,y "k f ! report ( ! cam]a1 aga91 h[ human be+s fall ?r\gh ! air 9 jump+1 div+1 plung+2 b :at a diff]5t report y get f ,t9toretto's fall ( ! damn$ 9 8 8,la/ ,judgm5t40 ,!re is a trem5d\s ra9 ( elongat$ bodies fall+ f heav5 to hell4 ,! exagg]ation ( ! imag9ation is "h mo/ app>5t1 b ! result is wond]fully effective4 ,we are made to feel t ! bodies are really fall+4 ,! reason = ! pictorial di/ortion 9 ! in/ances cit$ mu/ be obvi\s en\gh4 ,!re is no great attempt to pres5t ?+s precisely z !y are 9 nature4 ,we h already arriv$ at ! conclusion t ?is w\ld be impossible4 ,! object pres5t$ to ! imag9ation is s\ght to be repres5t$ by ! sign or symbol1 & x requires ! radical translation1 possibly ! di/ortion ( ! sign or symbol to %[ ! imag9ative conception4 ,:at 0 ! actual bulk ( ! battle-%ip ,tmraire ,i d n "k1 b ,i feel q sure t ,turn] 9 pa9t+ t vessel 7,plate #aa7 saw x 9 exagg]at$ proportions1 saw x lift$ high out ( ! wat]1 its height additionally emphasiz$ by ! smallness ( ! t[+ tug4 ,9 ! same way ,claude & ,p\ss9 saw trees & groves ( ph5om5al height & ?ickness 7,plate #bf71 z ,c\rbet saw sea waves ( a/\nd+ bulk1 & ,claude ,monet saw exagg]at$ lights & colors ^u ! t[]s ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral4 ,! exagg]ation is q )9 ! prov9ce ( ! imag9ation--q necess>y to all imag9ative art4 ,x is m app>5t 9 "s pa9t]s ?an 9 o!rs1 & yet is n ! less exi/5t 9 almo/ all pictorial expression4 ,f ! c>icature ( ! *ild to ! conception ( ! skill$ arti/ !re is app>5tly only a /ep4 ,! boy 9 s*ool :o draws ! face ( a companion on ! fly-leaf ( 8 book1 giv+ x p]v]t$ features & a wide smile ( c\nt5ance1 is di/ort+ ! sign to convey a c]ta9 ludicr\s impression2 b ! ,egyptian sculptor :o c>v$ ! my/]i\s smile ^u ! face ( ! ,sph9x--t face :i* "u burn+ suns & midnight />s has look$ out across ! sil5ce = s _m c5turies--0 us+ ! di/ort$ sign1 too1 us+ x imag9atively to tell p 8 idea ( ! maje/y & s]5ity ( ! sun-god ,h>ma*is4 ,b h[ev] ! imag9ation may di/ort1 x _c orig9ate any?+ entirely new nor create any?+ outside ( human exp]i5ce4 ,we are sometimes l$ to ?9k1 by ! common use ( ! ^w 8imag9ation10 t x c 8,body =? ! =ms ( ?+s unkn[n10 z ,%akespe>e has put x2 b x mu/ be app>5t t 8out ( no?+1 no?+ comes10 & t x is impossible to make a body f ?+s unkn[n4 ,all ! orig9ality ( all ! great orig9als 9 ! _w's hi/ory goes no fur!r ?an ! divid+ up or ! add+ to ( ?+s already kn[n4 ,y may make a novel l&scape p]haps by %utt+ out ! sky ) a high sky-l9e1 or y may make an angel by add+ bird w+s to a human =m2 b y _c make an absolutely new =m or create "o ?+ t has n "s basis 9 human life or exp]i5ce4 ,to be sure1 y may br+ to m9d ! image ( a "* 9 fiction or poetry--,sir ,galahad or ,rol& ( ,brittany or ,amadis de ,gaul1 = in/ance--b aft] all y\r image is bas$ ^u "s previ\s memories ( knights 9 armor4 ,j s ) ! lik5ess ( ,*ri/4 ,!re is no au!ntic record ( h[ he look$1 ei!r 9 picture or word$ description1 & ! type ( ,*ri/ :i* we accept to-day has be5 d]iv$ f ,italian art1 :i* 9 turn receiv$ & bl5d$ toge!r two types--"o f ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* at ,con/ant9ople & "o f ! ,we/]n ,*ur* at ,rome4 ,z = ! abnormal creations t seem at times q orig9al--! wit*es ( 8,macbe?10 ! fairies ( 8,midsumm] ,night's ,dream10 ! wat] babies ( ,k+sley1 ! elves & gnomes & dw>fs ( ,grimm--!y are all f\nd$ ^u ! di/ortion ( ! human figure4 ,! wond]s ( ! 8,?\s& & ,"o ,nights10 ! ,city ( ,brass1 ! diamond w9d[s1 ! hang+ g>d5s1 ! g5ii ( ! cl\ds1 are n diff]5t z reg>ds ! mann] ( _! con/ruction4 ,animal life too1 is made mon/r\s by ! quips ( ! fancy1 b aga9 ! dragons are all snake-=m$ & ! gobl9s all bat-w+$2 ! c5taur is a comb9ation ( man & horse1 & ,ario/o's hippogriff is ! famili> w+$ ,pegasus ( ,greece translat$ into ,italian4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xii4--,,antonello ,,da ,,mess9a1 ,portrait ( a ,man4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,9 ! fir/ ex]cise ( ! imag9ation 7t is1 by division7 we %all f9d t ! m9d conceives a "p ( an object1 = in/ance1 z ( suffici5t value to /& by itself4 ,?is is sep>at$ f ! :ole1 magnifi$ by emphasis1 & f9ally h&$ =? z an entity--a new creation1 if y please4 ,we c see ?is well exemplifi$ 9 poetry1 :]e ,keats1 = in/ance1 n wi%+ to describe ! entire w9t] l&scape on ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes1 isolates a few features ( ! sc5e & makes !m d s]vice = all4 8,ah1 bitt] *ill x 0-- ,! owl = all 8 fea!rs 0 a-cold1 ,! h>e limp$ trembl+ ?r\gh ! froz5 grass1 ,& sil5t 0 ! flock 9 woolly fold40 ,"h we h an owl1 a h>e1 & a flock ( %eep magnifi$ out ( all proportion z reg>ds _! importance 9 ! l&scape1 & /&+ by !mselves z symbols ( a cold w9t] night4 ,b ! sugge/iv5ess ( ^! features is v effective1 v complete--mu* m s ?an if an elaborate description _h be5 giv5 ( sn[ & icicle1 moonlight & sleigh-bells4 ,claude ,monet1 :5 he wi%es to %[ a w9t] morn+ on ! ,se9e1 does x ) v few objects4 ,!re are sil5t ranks ( trees1 a foggy air congeal$ to ho>-fro/1 ! swoll5 riv] ) float+ ice crun*+ & jo/l+ its way2 & t is all4 ,b aga9 :at an effective w9t] morn+6 ,! heat ( summ] he describes j z summ>ily by cutt+ (f a squ>e ( vivid sun%9e fall+ on a :eat/ack1 exagg]at+ x 9 brilliancy ( color & light1 & all[+ x to /& 9 lieu ( a :ole l&scape4 ,corot is n diff]5t 9 ?\ght & me?od4 ,he ?r[s all 8 /r5g? ^u light along ! hills ( morn+ or ev5+1 & e detail ( grass & tree & human be+ is sacrific$ to x 7,plate #i74 ,!re are _m ways 9 :i* ! divid+ imag9ation deals ) ! figure 9 pa9t+4 ,! model may be treat$ z "p ( a gr\p1 z an object 9 l&scape1 z a :ole-l5g? portrait 9 a room1 z a knee-piece1 z a half-l5g?1 z a bu/1 or z a head alone4 ,no?+ c\ld be fur!r remov$ f ! actual ?an a man's head %[n 9 pr(ile on a co91 b :at imag9ative art ! ,greeks made ( _! co9age6 ,& :at sup]b heads--sup]b 9 _! "*--! ,pisani put ^u _! m$als6 ,h[ well ea* head sugge/$ ! :ole man6 ,& 0 !re ev] a m virile1 liv+ p]sonality1 ev] a man ) a m lion-he>t$ look1 ?an ,antonello da ,mess9a pictur$ 9 ! head & %\ld]s ( t unkn[n ,italian 9 ! ,l\vre 7,plate #ab78 ,byron's gho/ portrait ( ,nimr\d z he appe>s to ,s>danapalus 9 a dream is m colossal1 b x is n m int5se or =ceful ?an ,antonello's1 save z language is always m def9ite ?an pigm5t4 ,"h x is3 8,! features 7 a giant's & ! eye ,0 /ill yet light$2 8 long locks curl$ d[n ,on 8 va/ bu/ :5ce a huge quiv] rose ,) %aft-heads fea!r$ f ! eagle's w+ ,t peep$ up bri/l+ ?r\gh 8 s]p5t hair40 ,to mat* 9 bulk su* an imag9ative picture1 we %\ld h to g back to ! great k+-head$ bulls t flank ! portals ( ! ,assyrian palaces1 or ! colossal ph>aonic figures 9 granite t symbolize ! ,egyptian k+s4 ,sculpture af=ds _m good illu/rations ( p>ts deta*$ f ! :ole & magnifi$ by ! imag9ation into sep>ate creations4 ,! ,colleoni /atue at ,v5ice comes to m9d in/antly4 ,! great comm&] & 8 horse h be5 tak5 out ( battle & plac$ ^u a p$e/al1 yet1 isolat$ z x is1 h[ ! /atue tells ! irresi/ible /r5g?1 ! pu%+ p[] ( bo? man & horse6 ,! 8,wat] ,nymphs0 ( ,jean ,g\jon are sep>at$ aga9 9 panels1 !y tell no connect$ /ory2 b ! s]p5t9e grace ( ! figures1 ! rippl+ fl[ ( ! drap]ies1 h[ inevitably !y br+ to m9d ! native elem5t1 ! home ( ! wat] p6 ,! ,greek y\?s t ride along ! ,p>!non frieze1 ! w\nd$ lionesses t ro> defiance f ! ,assyrian bas-reliefs1 ! ,japanese fi% t swim 9 bronze1 ?\gh cut (f f _! backgr\nd or environm5t1 yet aga9 h[ p]fectly ea* sugge/s its habitat ?r\gh ! magnify+ imag9ation ( ! arti/6 ,! comb9+ imag9ation 7! build+ up by additions :i* enhance & enliv57 is j ! rev]se ( ! process we h be5 consid]+4 ,x has to d ) associations1 ) memories2 & ! comb9ation is br\ght ab\t by images f hi!r & yon1 t ga!r & jo9 9 ! m9d4 ,!re is "s confusion j "h betwe5 :at is imag9ation 9 pa9t+ & :at is m]e composition1 :i* ,mr4 ,rusk9 has tri$ to cle> up by ass]t+ t ! =m] is intuitive & ! latt] is labor$1 t "o works by g5ius & ! o!r by laws & pr9ciples4 ,b ! di/9ction itself is some:at labor$1 & 9 its practical work+ x seems to h small basis 9 reality4 ,a ga!r+ toge!r ( antique pavem5ts1 m>ble b5*es /a9$ ) iron ru/1 ideal figures clad 9 ,greek g>m5ts1 ) v>i\s museum bric-a-brac illu/rative ( ,greek life1 su* z we see 9 ! pictures ( ,alma-,tadema1 is c]ta9ly composition4 ,x may be good or bad composition1 x may be academic or naturali/ic1 x may h be5 put toge!r labori\sly1 piece by piece1 or fla%$ toge!r by a mom5t>y lightn+ ( ! m9d2 b1 :atev] ! me?od or h[ev] br\ght ab\t1 "o ?+ seems v c]ta91 & t is1 ! "w1 9 ! h&s ( ,alma-,tadema1 conta9s n "o sp>k ( imag9ation4 ,! same me?od ( comb9+ 9 ! m9d or work+ on ! canvas ) ,delacroix or ,turn] or ev5 ,j4 ,s4 ,cotman w\ld h almo/ c]ta9ly result$ 9 ! imag9ative4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xiii4--,,velasquez1 ,innoc5t ,x4 ,doria ,gall]y1 ,rome4 ,x is a fond fancy ( ,mr4 ,rusk91 & also ( ourselves1 t g5ius despises labori\s composition & does ?+s ) a sudd5 bur/ ( inspiration4 ,we ?9k1 because ! complet$ "w looks easy or reads easy1 t x mu/ h be5 done easily4 ,b ! g5iuses ( ! _w h all put ^u record _! conviction t !re is m virtue 9 p]spiration ?an 9 inspiration4 ,! great poets1 :e!r 9 pr9t or 9 pa9t1 h sp5t _! weeks & mon?s--yes1 ye>s--compos+1 adju/+1 putt+ 91 & tak+ out4 ,!y h kn[n :at x 0 to 8lick ?+s into %ape10 to labor & be baffl$1 to despair & to hope anew4 ,goe! may h conceiv$ 8,fau/0 intuitively1 b x took him some?+ l fifty ye>s to record 8 intuitions4 ,he compos$ labori\sly1 & yet 0 no less a man ( sup]lative imag9ation4 ,li/5 a mom5t to 8 ,prologue to 8,fau/03 ,raphael4 8,! sun-orb s+s 9 emulation ,mid bro!r-sph]es 8 anci5t r\nd3 ,8 pa? pr$e/9$ ?r\gh creation ,he ends ) /ep ( ?und]-s\nd4 ,! angels f 8 visage spl5did ,draw p[]1 ^: measure none c say2 ,! l(ty works1 uncompreh5d$1 ,are bright z on ! e>lie/ day4 ,gabriel4 8,& swift1 & swift beyond conceiv+1 ,! spl5dor ( ! _w goes r\nd1 ,day's ,ed5-brightness /ill reliev+ ,! awful ,night's int5se pr(\nd3 ,! ocean-tides 9 foam are break+1 ,aga9/ ! rocks deep bases hurl$1 ,& bo?1 ! sph]ic race p>tak+1 ,et]nal1 swift1 are onw>d :irl$6 ,mi*ael4 8,& rival /orms abroad are surg+ ,f sea to l&1 f l& to sea1 ,a *a9 ( deepe/ action =g+ ,r\nd all1 9 wra?ful en]gy4 ,!re flames a desolation1 blaz+ ,be=e ! ,?und]'s cra%+ way2 ,yet1 ,"l1 ?y mess5g]s are prais+ ,! g5tle movem5t ( ?y ,day40#e ,footnote #e3 ,! orig9al ,g]man lies op5 be=e me1 b ,i pref] to give ! quotation 9 a language :i* w n fail to be und]/ood by all ,am]ican read]s4 ,x is ,bay>d ,taylor's translation1 & s f> z ! imag9ative conception is conc]n$ x reproduces ! orig9al fairly well4 ,"h is ! imag9ation pres5t+ u ) a great cosmic picture t 9 sublimity ,i v5ture to ?9k has no sup]ior 9 ei!r poetry or pa9t+2 yet x _c be d\bt$ t x 0 built up ?\ght by ?\ght1 l9e ^u l9e2 torn d[n p]haps a doz5 times to be modell$ anew ) some?+ add$ or omitt$4 ,9 o!r words x has be5 compos$1 n fla%$ toge!r by intuition4 ,! comb9+ imag9ation 9 pa9t+ does n "w diff]5tly f ?is4 ,! picture is built up2 & memories (t5 play a prom95t "p 9 ! process4 ,"o may m+le l9es f ,greece ) colors f ,japan & an atmosph]e f ,holl& if he w4 ,! result might be some?+ het]og5e\s & incongru\s1 b x w\ld nev]!less be a true en\gh display ( ! imag9ation4 ,b su* a ga!r+ f hi!r & yon1 su* a m+l+ ( _m =eign elem5ts1 w\ld n be necess>y or ess5tial or ev5 usual 9 art4 ,pictures are made 9 simpl] ways4 ,"h1 = example1 is a sea-piece f ! 8,anci5t ,m>9]10 imag9$ & compos$ aga91 b br\ght toge!r z a homog5e\s :ole4 8,! we/]n wave 0 all aflame1 ,! day 0 well-nigh done1 ,almo/ ^u ! we/]n wave ,re/$ ! broad bright sun40 ,!re ! m>9e w\ld seem to be q complete1 b ,col]idge has yet to height5 ! effect ( ! sunset by introduc+ a memory ( an impression receiv$ p]haps 9 boyhood4 ,8 imag9ation1 hav+ conjur$ up ! image ( ! phantom %ip1 comb9es x ) ! burn+ sunset3 8,:5 t /range %ape drove sudd5ly ,betwixt u & ! sun40 8,& /raight ! sun 0 fleck$ ) b>s 7,heav5's ,"m s5d u grace67 ,z if ?r\gh a dungeon grate he pe]$ ,) broad & burn+ face40 ,! introduction ( ! 8dungeon grate0 /ill fur!r increases ! effect4 ,we n[ h ! flam+ sky1 ! sea1 & ! skeleton %ip ?r\gh :i* ! sun mock+ly pe]s1 z ?r\gh dungeon b>s1 at ! dy+ crew4 ,! effect is weird1 uncanny1 une>?ly1 j :at ,col]idge int5d$ x %\ld be4 ,?is1 ,i %\ld say1 0 ! imag9ation add+ & comb9+4 ,& s f> z ,i c see x is also ! intellig5t m9d compos+4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d a p>allel 9 pa9t+ to ?is picture f ! 8,anci5t ,m>9]40 ,"o ?9ks at once ( ,turn]'s 8,ulysses & ,polyphemus0 z resembl+ ! ,col]idge conception1 because ( ! sea & ! sun2 b ! lik5ess is sup]ficial4 ,9 ! ,turn] ! spread ( ! sea1 ! gold5 waves 9 ! =egr\nd1 ! heave ( ! m\nta9s out ( ! wat]1 ! spectral figure on ! m\nta9 top1 ! f> di/ance ( ! ocean ) ! sun on ! utt]mo/ v]ge1 are all highly imag9ative2 b ! real glory ( ! picture is its decorative spl5dor r ?an its expressive mean+4 ,! 8,fight+ ,tmraire10 z we h already not$1 is imag9ative 9 ! magnitude ( ! bulk & !re is some?+ ( ! ,col]idge effect 9 ! gl>e ( ! r$ sett+ sun t pe]s ?r\gh cl\ds1 tak+ its f>ewell look at ! old w>-%ip be+ t[$ to its la/ b]?2 b ! imag9ation is n s cle>-cut "h z ) ,col]idge 7,plate #aa74 ,9 "s ( ,turn]'s 8,approa*es to ,v5ice0 !re is p]haps a bett] example ( ! comb9+ imag9ation1 = ,turn] nev] hesitat$ ab\t 8compos+0--putt+ ?+s into ! picture t 7 n !re 9 reality2 & 9 ! ,v5etian pictures he sometimes did ?is ) />tl+ results4 ,i h 9 m9d "o ( ^! pictures1 :]e ,v5ice is se5 a mile or m away2 b ! domes ( ! ,salute & ! tops ( ! campaniles h be5 s %ift$ ab\t to suit ,turn]'s views ( composition t ,i h nev] be5 able to det]m9e :e!r ! city is se5 f ! ea/ or ! we/4 ,& app>5tly ,turn] did n c>e any?+ ab\t geography or topography4 ,8 imag9ation br\ght up out ( ! blue-gre5 sea a city ( palaces1 build$ ( m>ble & hu$ l "m-(-pe>l1 ) di/ant t[]s %9+ 9 ! sun--a fairy city float+ ^u ! sea1 opalesc5t z a mirage1 dream-l z an ,ea/]n /ory1 a glam\r ( m+l$ color & light b5ea? a va/-rea*+ sky gl[+ ) ! spl5dor ( sun-%ot cl\ds4 ,x is mo/ beautifully unreal1 & yet by d9t ( its great imag9ation & sugge/ion x is m ,v5etian ?an ,v5ice itself4 ,x is t k9d ( di/ortion by ! imag9ation :i* sacrifices ! =m to ga9 ! _s ( ?+s4 ,"h at ,v5ice "o c see ! "w ( ! comb9+ imag9ation v well 9 "s ( ! old ,v5etian pictures4 ,paolo ,v]onese1 = in/ance1 has ^u ! ceil+ ( "o ( ! rooms 9 ! ,ducal ,palace1 a t[]+ maje/ic figure1 clad 9 silks & erm9es1 cr[n$ ) pe>ls & sceptr$ ) p[]1 seat$ "u a gorge\s canopy 9 a *air ( /ate1 & repres5t+ ! glory ( ,v5ice4 ,%e is a magnific5t type ( womanhood1 spl5did en\gh 9 h]self to symbolize ! spl5dor ( ,v5ice1 b ,paolo's imag9ation adds to h] importance /ill fur!r by plac+ h] ^u a portion ( a great globe repres5t+ ! _w1 :ile bel[ at h] feet are two sup]b figures repres5t+ ,ju/ice & ,peace1 (f]+ ! tributes ( ! sword & ! olive bran* 7,plate #ad74 ,illu/ration3 ,,xiv4--,,paolo ,,v]onese1 ,v5ice ,en?ron$4 ,doge's ,palace1 ,v5ice4 ,ano!r ,v5etian1 ,t9toretto1 _h possibly m imag9ation ?an any o!r ( 8 s*ool--yes1 any o!r ,italian 9 art-hi/ory2 & yet x is n always possible to say j h[ 8 ideas orig9ally took =m4 ,no d\bt he labor$ & compos$ & tri$ effects by putt+ ?+s 9 & tak+ !m out4 ,no d\bt ! 8,ariadne & ,bac*us10 or ! 8,miracle ( ! ,slave0 7,plate #ae7 z we see x to-day1 0 ! ?ird or f\r? ?\ght in/ead ( ! fir/2 b !re is no que/ion+ ! exaltation ( ! f9al result4 ,! subject ( ! ,resurrection 9 8 day _h become a tradition 9 pa9t+1 & 0 usually %[n z a squ>e tomb ( m>ble ) a man ris+ f x betwe5 two angels4 ,?is /]eotyp$ tradition _h be5 h&$ d[n = c5turies2 b h[ greatly ,t9toretto *ang$ x & improv$ x 9 8 picture 9 ! ,scuola ,san ,rocco6 ,he imag9$ ! side ( a m\nta91 a rock-cut tomb ) angels pull+ away ! great door1 & z x sl[ly op5s ! bl9d+ light )9 ! tomb bur/s =?1 & ! figure ( ,*ri/ rises swiftly1 support$ by ! ?robb+ w+s ( angels4 ,h[ev] ?is la/-nam$ picture 0 produc$1 by comb9ation or association1 at lea/ x is purely pictorial--t is1 x deals ) =ms1 lights1 & colors1 ?+s t c be se54 ,i h>dly "k :at to make ( ,mr4 ,rusk9's rem>ks ^u "s ( ! o!r pictures by ,t9toretto1 9 ! ,scuola ,san ,rocco4 ,he seeks to exemplify ! pa9t]'s ev]-f]tile imag9ation by po9t+ out1 9 ! 8,annunciation10 t ! corn]-/one ( ! build+ is meant by ,t9toretto to be t ( ! old ,hebrew ,disp5sation1 :i* has be5 reta9$ by ! build]s z ! corn]-/one ( ! new ,*ri/ian ,disp5sation2 & t1 9 ! 8,crucifixion10 ! donkey at ! back eat+ ! palm-bran*es rec5tly ?r[n d[n be=e ,*ri/ ^u 8 entry into ,j]usalem is a great piece ( imag9ative s>casm4 ,i confess my inability to foll[ ,mr4 ,rusk9 j "h1 & ,i _c believe t ,t9toretto meant any?+ ( ! sort ab\t ei!r ! corn]-/one or ! palm-bran*es4 ,if he did1 x 0 p]haps a mi/ake4 ,! motives w\ld be m lit]>y ?an pictorial4 ,i ?9k x all exemplifies ,mr4 ,rusk9's imag9ation r ?an ,t9toretto's1 & 9 ei!r case x has little to d ) imag9ation 9 pa9t+ z g5]ally und]/ood among pa9t]s4 ,pa9t+ & ! pictorial conception1 x mu/ be repeat$1 h to d ) =ms & colors se5 by ! eye or 9 ! m9d's eye2 !y h v little to d ) a s>casm or a ,hebraic my/]y4 ,!re is /ill ano!r phase ( imag9ation :i* figures 9 metaphysical text-books "u ! "n ( fancy4 ,x is sometimes call$ ! passive imag9ation1 app>5tly = no reason o!r ?an di/9ction's sake4 ,x is suppos$ to be tempor>y & accid5tal 9 its association ( ideas & images1 to be light1 airy1 caprici\s1 p]haps indef9ite2 :]eas1 imag9ation is said to be m sob]1 s]i\s1 s+le 9 purpose1 seek+ unity ( effect4 ,! illu/rations usually cit$ are tak5 f ,%akespe>e4 ,! 8,midsumm] ,night's ,dream0 is said to be a product ( fancy1 :ile 8,le>0 or 8,hamlet0 is a "w ( ! imag9ation4 ,b aga9 ,i mu/ confess my inability to compreh5d ! di/9ction4 ,! ?\ght 9 ! "o case busies itself ) a light or gay !me1 & 9 ! o!r ) a sob] or tragic !me2 b ! m5tal process w\ld seem to be ! same 9 ei!r case4 ,! m9d may gr[ happy ov] a bir? or grieve ov] a dea?1 b "o m9d & "o imag9ation w\ld seem flexible en\gh to compreh5d !m bo?4 ,!re is a diff]5ce 9 art betwe5 :at is call$ ! s]i\s & :at is call$ ! clev]2 b ! imag9ation has no?+ to d ) x4 ,a figure ( a s\brette da%$ (f 9 a ,p>isian /udio1 & s5t 9 a hurry to a ,salon or ,academy exhibition z a 8/unn+ ?+10 may be clev]4 ,mr4 ,la ,f>ge has def9$ su* clev]ness z 8intellig5ce work+ = ! mom5t )\t a backgr\nd ( previ\s ?\ght or /rong s5tim5t40 ,& ?is def9ition sugge/s t ! s]i\s 9 art is j ! opposite ( ! clev]4 ,a figure by ,millet1 su* z t ( 8,! ,s[]10 is s]i\s j because ! intellig5ce has be5 work+ ^u x = _m mon?s4 ,b1 9 spite ( call+ a ,jacquet s\brette fanciful & a ,millet s[] imag9ative1 !re w\ld seem to be no diff]5ce 9 ! m5tal processes4 ,! diff]5ce is "o ( subject1 "t1 m51 orig9al end[m5t2 n a diff]5ce 9 ! k9d ( ?\ght4 ,! fanta/ic is also a product ( ! imag9ation1 b x is a light]1 m volatile & irresponsible expression ?an fancy4 ,x is ! imag9ation j escap+ f control1 dom9at$ by caprice & lean+ t[>d ! biz>re4 ,! griff9s & ! sp\t+ dragons along ! gutt]s ( ! ,go?ic *ur*es1 & ! bo>-head$1 bird-foot$ devils ( e>ly art are p]haps fair illu/rations ( x4 ,9 mod]n pa9t+ ,blake & ,monticelli came p]il\sly ne> ! fanta/ic 9 "s ( _! creations4 ,turn] 9 8 la/ ye>s q lo/ himself 9 fantasy1 & a numb] ( ! pa9t]s 9 ,france & ,engl& might be nam$ z illu/rat+ ! t5d5cy to ! biz>re4 ,:5 ! biz>re is f9ally rea*$ we may /ill recognize x z ! work+ imag9ation1 b uncontroll$ by reason4 ,our dreams :i* (t5 /rike u z s absurd are good in/ances ( ! play ( ! imag9ation unfett]$ by reason2 & if our dream-l& conceptions c\ld be r$uc$ to art we w\ld und\bt$ly h :at we h call$ ! biz>re4 ,c>icature & ! grotesque are diff]5t aga94 ,!y are consci\s di/ortions1 design$ exagg]ations ( c]ta9 features = effect4 ,!y are n rul$ s mu* by ei!r fancy or caprice z by a s5sible view ( ! extravagant4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xv4--,,t9toretto1 ,miracle ( ,slave4 ,academy1 ,v5ice4 ,!re is no metaphysical or /hetic t]m to designate an abs5ce ( ! imag9ation1 b possibly ! words 8b>oque0 or 8bomba/ic0 w sugge/ ! results 9 art4 ,& !re is no lack ( mat]ial to illu/rate x4 ,un=tunately ! ma/] m9ds 9 bo? poetry & pa9t+ h be5 few & f> betwe54 ,! names & works t h come d[n to u f ! pa/ are ! survivals f _m sift+s2 & ! few g5iuses ( ! pres5t are p]haps /ill obscur$ by ! bomba/ic p]=mances ( small] m54 ,! ,rob]t ,montgom]ys & ! ,m>t9 ,f>quh> ,tupp]s someh[ contrive to make a /ir & delude ! public into consid]+ !m z great orig9als4 ,!y h n imag9ation ( _! own1 s !y imitate ! imag9ative utt]ances & /yles ( o!rs4 ,n "o b _m /yles ( _m m5 are ?us br\ght toge!r 9 a conglom]ation t may deceive ! gr\ndl+s into ?9k+ x g5u9e poetry2 b ! judici\s soon f9d out its true "*4 ,( c\rse1 all imitators try to imitate ! inimitable individualities4 ,! ,montgom]ys & ! ,tupp]s aspire to no less ?an ,%akespe>e & ,milton4 ,j s 9 pictorial art4 ,vas>i1 ,guido1 ! ,c>acci rea*$ out = ! imag9ations ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,raphael1 & ,correggio4 ,! result 0 ! contort$ bomba/ic art ( ! ,decad5ce ?an :i* no?+ c\ld be less imag9ative & m mon/r\s4 ,! m9d ( a ,mi*ael ,angelo ( necessity di/ort$ ! image 9 ! fir/ place & !n a ,salviati came along to di/ort ! di/ortion6 ,! figure ( a ,madonna1 = in/ance1 is elongat$ by ,correggio = grace1 & ,p>migian9o foll[+ aft] elongat$ ! elongation6 ,?is is :at ,i h call$ ! bomba/ic4 ,x is indicative ( a lack ( imag9ation4 ,mod]n pa9t+ is full ( x4 ,! attempts at ! h]oic t ov]/ep ! sublime & fall into ! ridicul\s1 ! rant & high-s\nd+ utt]ances ( ! bru%1 ! inflat$ figures ( allegory & ! vacu\s types ( symbolism1 are all illu/rative ( x4 ,b ! bomba/ic & its companion evils 9 art ne$ no fur!r consid]ation at ?is "t4 ,x is n my aim to illu/rate ! defici5cies ( pa9t+1 b to po9t out its high] beauties1 & if ! rev]se ( ! %ield is occasionally %[n x is b to illu/rate & emphasize ! bright] side4 ,p]haps "o may be p>don$ = ?9k+ t sometimes ! analysis ( error is a pot5t factor 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( tru?4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,pictorial ,,poetry ,,"t 01 & n v long ago at t1 :5 an argum5t = poetic ?\ght 9 art w\ld h be5 consid]$ sup]flu\s4 ,ev]yone 0 agre$ t ! high] aim ( language 0 to convey an idea1 a feel+1 or an emotion4 ,t ! language %\ld be beautiful 9 itself 0 an advantage1 b !re 0 nev] any d\bt t ! ?\ght express$ 0 great] ?an ! mann] ( its expression4 ,to-day x w\ld seem t we h *ang$ all t4 ,! mod]ns are insi/+ t language is language = its own sake1 & art is art = art's sake4 ,!y are1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 "r 9 _! cont5tion2 = !re is great beauty 9 me?ods1 mat]ials & ! g5]al decorative appe>ance4#f ,b p]haps !y insi/ too mu*4 ,we are n yet prep>$ to admit t because ,t5nyson's poetry s\nds well1 8 ?\ghts h no value2 nor1 = all ,t9toretto's f9e =m & color1 c we believe 8 poetic imag9ation a :olly unnecess>y factor 9 8 art4 ,footnote #f3 ,i h /at$ ! case = ! decorative side & = ! te*nical beauties ( pa9t+ 9 ,art = ,art's ,sake1 ,new ,york1 #aijb4 ,! te*nical & ! decorative beauties ( pa9t+1 h[ev] important !y may be1 are n necess>ily ! f9al aim ( ! picture4 ,9 ! h&s ( all ! great pa9t]s ( ! _w !y h be5 only a means to an end4 ,! ,mi*ael ,angelos1 ! ,rembr&ts1 ! ,raphaels1 & ! ,titians h g5]ally _h an ult]ior mean+ 9 _! "w4 ,& by 8mean+0 ,i d n mean any?+ v ab/ruse or metaphysical1 nor am ,i ?9k+ ( any?+ e?ical1 allegorical1 or anecdotal4 ,! idea :i* a picture may conta9 is n necess>ily "o t po9ts a moral1 nor ne$ x h any?+ to d ) h]oic action or romantic s5tim5t or fictional occurr5ce4 ,!re are _m ideas1 noble 9 !mselves1 t f9d expression 9 lit]ature bett] ?an 9 pa9t+1 & x is a s\nd rule 9 all ! arts t a conception :i* c be well told 9 "o art has no excuse = be+ badly told 9 ano!r art4 ,! mat]ials & _! application to ! be/ advantage are always to be reg>d$4 ,:y wa/e ef=t 9 cutt+ glass :5 y c bl[ x8 ,:y *isel curta9s 9 m>ble :5 y c weave !m 9 clo?8 ,:y tell sequ5tial /ories1 moral1 n>rative1 or hi/orical1 9 pa9t :5 x c be done m easily 9 writ+8 ,& :y describe l&scapes 9 writ+ :5 y c d x s mu* bett] 9 pa9t+8 ,x is m]e consumption ( en]gy & di/ortion ( mat]ials to write d[n ! colors ( ! sunset or to pa9t ! hi/ory ( ,greece or ,rome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xvi4--,,daubigny1 ,spr+4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,x is well = u !n at ! />t t we h no misund]/&+ ab\t ! relation%ip betwe5 lit]ature & art4 ,t !y are relat$ 9 measure may be said ) equal tru? ( prea*+ & sci5ce1 ( poetry & politics1 ( music & hi/ory4 ,sci5ce has be5 prea*$ & politics h be5 poetiz$1 & hi/ory has be5 %riek$ 9 a high treble at ! op]a4 ,j s art has illu/rat$ lit]ature & lit]ature art2 b x c h>dly be cont5d$ t any "o ( !m has be5 put to its prop] purpose4 ,! ma9 affair ( lit]ature is to illu/rate lit]ature1 & ! bus9ess ( art is prim>ily to produce art4 ,!y are indep5d5t pursuits & !re is no ne$ ( conf\nd+ _! aims or be+ confus$ by _! app>5t resemblances4 ,!re=e1 9 us+ ! phrase pictorial poetry ,i w\ld be und]/ood z mean+ pictorial poetry & n lit]>y poetry4 ,!y are two q diff]5t ?+s by virtue ( _! means ( expression4 ,! idea 9 art1 :e!r poetic or o!rwise1 has its mat]ial limitations1 :i* we mu/ n fail to take into acc\nt4 ,! fir/ limitation is ! major "o & x dem&s t pa9t+ deal ) ?+s se54 ,we h ref]r$ to ?is 9 speak+ ( ,t9toretto's 8,annunciation10 b x is wor? :ile to take x up aga9 & m def9itely4 ,! c\plet1 8,! m9d t broods o'er guilty woes ,is l ! scorpion girt by fire10 is c]ta9ly a poetic image2 b fancy1 if y c1 h[ a pa9t] w\ld pa9t t brood+ m9d4 ,he c\ld n d x4 ,:y8 ,because x is n tangible1 x _c be se51 x has no =m or color4 ,x is an ab/ract idea to be compreh5d$ by ! m9d ?r\gh s\nd1 & belongs to lit]ature4 ,p]haps y ?9k ! pa9t] might h r5d]$ x by %[+ a sad face & a wr9kl$ br[1 b h[ w\ld y "k :e!r ! wr9kles came f m5tal or f physical pa98 ,& :at c he say to y ab\t 8guilty woes0 ) a pa9t bru%8 ,! writ] c tell y ab\t ! inside & ! outside ( ! head1 b ! pa9t] is limit$ to ! outside4 ,! inability ( pa9t+ to deal ) s\nd--a some?+ )\t tangible =m--may be fur!r illu/rat$ by ,millet's celebrat$ picture ( ! 8,angelus40 ,x has already s]v$ me = illu/ration1 b ,i %all n at ?is "t g out ( my way = a new] example4 ,! express$ ?\ght ( ! picture1 ! :ole /ory1 h+es on ! s\nd ( a *ur*-bell--! ,angelus bell ( sunset4 ,h[ does ,millet attempt to picture ?is s\nd8 ,:y1 by pa9t+ f> back 9 ! di/ance a *ur*-spire se5 aga9/ a sunset sky1 & 9 ! =egr\nd two peasants ) b[$ heads4 ,b ! ef=t at s\nd is inadequate4 ,! peal ( ! bell is beyond ! rea* ( pa9ts & bru%es4 ,! mo/ brilliant colors make no s\nd4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at1 !re=e1 t !re h be5 half a doz5 diff]5t read+s ( ! picture's mean+4 ,! idea ( ! ,angelus is 9 ! picture only because x has be5 read into x by ! title ( ! "w4 ,t is a lean+ ^u lit]ature :i* is unnecess>y 9 art4 ,! pa9t+ %\ld require no explanation by language4 ,x ne$ n be d5i$ t ! ,angelus /ory is poetic2 b x is p]fectly j & prop] to cont5d t by its dep5d5ce ^u s\nd x is bett] fitt$ = lit]ature ?an = art4 ,a ,t5nyson c\ld h made a poem ab\t x :]e9 ! s\nd ( ! bells w\ld h be5 9 ! cad5ces ( ! language--9 ! v syllables break+ ^u ! e>4 ,we all rememb] 8 fly+ notes f ! horns ( ,elfl& 9 8,! ,pr9cess40 8,oh h>k1 oh he>6 h[ ?9 & cle> ,& ?9n]1 cle>]1 fur!r go+4 ,ah6 sweet & f>1 f cliff & sc>1 ,! horns ( ,elfl& fa9tly bl[+40 ,9 ^? l9es we h ! idea ( s\nd convey$ to u mo/ =cibly4 ,! fl[ ( ! words describes exactly 7& !y ev5 imitate7 ! long travel ( ! bugle notes1 f> across ! lake1 up ! vales1 & f9ally dy+ away into ! remote/ di/ance4 ,surely ! ?\ght ( t passage is be/ told 9 language4 ,:at c\ld pigm5ts d ) x8 ,:at c\ld a f9e te*nician l ,b>gue or a poet 9 pa9t l ,delacroix make ( t mell[ music8 ,!y might picture someone ) a horn to 8 lips & a m\nta9 lake 9 ! backgr\nd2 b ! fet*+ "p ( ^? ,elfl& horns is n _! look1 b _! s\nd4 ,:at c\ld ! pa9t]s d ) ! s\nd8 ,:y no?+ except to let x alone4 ,a flat canvas w n disc\rse music l ! bo>d ( a piano4 ,=ms & colors may talk v eloqu5tly to ! eye1 b !y say no?+ to ! e>4 ,! old division ( ! arts made ov] a c5tury ago by ,less+ is /ill acceptable to-day4 ,! f9e arts ( ar*itecture1 sculpture1 & pa9t+ address ! s5se ( sight2 ! f9e arts ( music & lit]ature address ! s5se ( he>+4 ,!re=e1 let u assume t su* ?\ghts1 ideas1 or emotions1 poetic or o!rwise1 z a pa9t] may wi% to express 9 pa9t+ %\ld be prim>ily pictorial by address+ ! s5se ( sight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xvii4--,,b5ozzo ,,gozzoli1 ,adoration ( ,k+s 7detail74 ,ricc>di ,palace1 ,flor5ce4 ,!re is ano!r1 a m9or limitation put ^u pa9t+ :i* 9 its way is q z b9d+ z ! major "o4 ,?is is ! "t limit4 ,a pa9t+ is n a %ift+ panorama l a drama4 ,x _c picture 7?\gh x may h9t at7 ! pa/ or ! future2 x c deal adequately only ) ! pres5t4 ,y may turn ! leaves ( a book & pass f ,greek days to ! pres5t "t z y read2 b y _c d t ) a picture4 ,x does n turn or %ift or %[ any m ?an ! "o face4 ,!re=e ! idea 9 art1 g5]ally speak+1 %\ld n conc]n itself ) "t1 or be dep5d5t ^u %ift+s ( sc5e1 or deal ) any?+ t has gone be=e or is to come aft]4 ,a picture ( ,*>lotte ,corday on ! way to ! guillot9e indicates a pres5t happ5+1 &1 s f> z x (f]s some?+ complete 9 itself1 x is pictorial en\gh2 b ! picture fails to tell u t "s days be=e %e assass9at$ ,m>at1 & t "s m9utes lat] %e h]self w be done away ) by ! execution]'s knife4 ,! title ( ! picture may tell u h] /ory1 b !n t is lean+ ^u lit]ature aga94 ,a pa9t+ ( 8,alex&] ,ent]+ ,babylon0 by ,lebrun may %[ u m>*+ troops1 elephants1 *>iots1 & ,alex&] himself surr\nd$ by 8 g5]als4 ,x is a pres5t sc5e2 b h[ %all ! picture tell y :o ,alex&] 01 :at battles he f\ght1 :at end+ he came to8 ,x may sugge/ ! pa/ & ! future by ! pres5t condition1 b ! sugge/ion is (t5 too vague = human compreh5sion4 ,"t-movem5t1 sequ5tial ev5ts are really beyond ! rea* ( pigm5ts4 ,x is mu* easi] decid+ :at pa9t+ c picture ?an :at x _c4 ,we h only to ask ourselves if ! subject is "o t may be compreh5d$ by ! unaid$ eye1 & if x is a !me complet$ 9 pres5t "t4 ,pa9t+ moves freely only )9 ^! b\nd>ies1 :]eas lit]ature moves )9 & )\t !m z x pleases1 & ) measurable success ev5 9 pictorial !mes4 ,"h is a ^w-l&scape by ,scott t illu/rates my mean+3 8,sweet ,teviot1 on ?y silv] tide ,! gl>+ bale-fires blaze no m1 ,no long] /eel-clad w>riors ride ,along ?y wild & will[$ %ore40 ,!re we h a picture pa9t$ 9 words4 ,scott has gone poa*+ into ! doma9 ( pictorial art1 & ) a/oni%+ results4 ,x is a picture4 ,lit]ature is c]ta9ly capable ( deal+ ) =ms & colors z ) ab/ractions ( ! m9d1 b x _c h&le !m s well1 p]haps1 z pa9t+4 ,we h "h n ab/ractions1 b entities ( =m & color4 ,!re is some?+ = ! pa9t] to grasp ) p5cil & bru%4 ,p]haps he c pa9t ! 8silv] tide0 & ! 8will[$ %ore0 m effectively ?an ,scott c describe !m2 & if he %\ld pa9t !m ) t feel+ :i* w\ld give u ! wildness ( ! %ore1 ! weirdness ( ! bale-fires1 ! cru% & ru% ( /eel-clad w>riors along ! banks1 p>allel+ ! pu%-=w>d ( ! /ream itself1 we %\ld h :at ,i am dispos$ to call pictorial poetry4 ,b1 if y please1 x is n to be inf]r$ t ?is pictorial poetry is to be gott5 out ( lit]>y poetry only4 ,pa9t+ is no m]e s]vant ( lit]ature1 ^: duty x is to illu/rate r ?an create4 ,!re is no reason :y ! pa9t]1 look+ at ! riv] ,teviot1 %\ld n see poetry 9 x z well z ! writ]4 ,delacroix n only c\ld b did see x4 ,turn] saw ! same k9d ( romantic s5tim5t z ,scott 9 all ! riv]s he ev] pictur$4 ,daubigny saw x less romantically1 b ) m ( ! real *>m ( nature1 along ! banks ( ! ,m>ne2 & ,claude ,monet has c]ta9ly %[n u _m times ! poetry ( light1 color1 & ru%+1 danc+ wat] on ! ,se9e4 ,monet is j z susceptible to poetic impressions z ,leconte de ,lisle1 only 8 poetry comes to him 9 =ms & colors r ?an 9 ! measur$ cad5ces ( language4 ,x is pa9t]'s poetry1 n writ]'s poetry4 ,x is true en\gh t pa9t+ has (t5 tak5 its !mes f ! play1 ! novel1 & ! poem1 & n )\t success4 ,all ! old] pa9t]s ( ,engl& sp5t _! "t illu/rat+ ,%akespe>e & ,milton4 ,b x 0 n at all necess>y1 nor did x result 9 ! be/ k9d ( art4 ,& z = lit]ature tak+ its !me f pa9t+1 "o c pick illu/rations ( x 9 quantity f any an?ology4 ,= in/ance1 :at is m probable ?an t ,scott 0 look+ at a pa9t+ :5 writ+ ?is3 8,no e>?ly flame blaz$ e'er s bright ,x %one l heav5's own bless$ light1 ,&1 issu+ f ! tomb1 ,%[$ ! monk's c[l & visage pale1 ,danc$ on ! d>k-br[$ w>rior's mail1 ,& kiss$ 8 wav+ plume40 ,! light-&-%ade ( ! sc5e seems to br+ to m9d "s lo/ ,correggio4 ,& h[ l ,giorgione is ! 8flame0 danc+ on ! w>rior's mail1 & 8kiss+ 8 wav+ plume60 7,plate #bd47 ,9 read+ ! 8,fa]y ,que5e0 "o f9ds a :ole gall]y ( pictures pa9t$ ) words4 ,sp5s] w\ld h made a pa9t]1 = he _h ! pictorial m9d4 ,milton is n unlike him2 & ,%akespe>e goes hi!r & yon ov] all fields & ?r\gh all dep>tm5ts4 ,"h1 = example1 is 8 g5re picture ( ! h\nds ( ,!seus3 8,my h\nds are br$ out ( ! ,sp>tan k9d1 ,s flew$1 s s&$3 & _! heads are hung ,) e>s t sweep away ! morn+ dew2 ,crook-kne$ & dew-lapp'd l ,!ssalian bulls40 ,illu/ration3 ,,xviii4--,,van ,,dyck1 ,jean ,grusset ,ri*>dot4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,surely a v /rik+ picture1 b aft] all y _c see ,%akespe>e's h\nds s completely & p]fectly z ^? ( ,velasquez or ,snyd]s or ,troyon4 ,sculpture1 too1 may furni% mat]ial = good poetry1 z witness ?is description ( ! m>ble figures ^u ! tomb 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,br\4 8,s re/1 =ev] re/1 ,o pr9cely ,pair6 ,9 y\r high *ur* #8mid ! /ill m\nta9 air1 ,:]e horn & h\nd & vassals nev] come4 ,only ! bless$ sa9ts are smil+ dumb ,f ! ri* pa9t$ w9d[s ( ! nave ,on aisle & transept & y\r m>ble grave2 ,s sleep1 =ev] sleep1 ,o m>ble ,pair6 ,or if ye wake1 let x be !n1 :5 fair ,on ! c>v$ we/]n front a flood ( light ,/reams f ! sett+ sun1 & colors bright ,prophets1 transfigur$ ,sa9ts & ,m>tyrs brave1 ,9 ! va/ we/]n w9d[ ( ! nave2 ,& on ! pavem5t r\nd ! tomb !re gl9ts ,a *equ]-"w ( gl[+ sapphire t9ts ,& ame?y/ & ruby44440 ,mat!w ,arnold has c]ta9ly made a /rik+ picture 9 words out ( ! tomb & its figures1 b aga9 ! poetry is pla/ic--t is1 fitt$ = sculpture or pa9t+4 ,s x is--to repeat & summ>ize--t ! writ] ) 8 words %[s ?+s picturesque & sculpturesque--inadequately p]haps z comp>$ ) ! pla/ic m$iums1 b nev]!less effectively2 b n s ! pa9t] ) 8 colors4 ,! bru% w n reveal & c sc>cely d m ?an h9t at ?+s )\t =m4 ,x is p]haps possible = pa9t+ to be z cle>-cut & z def9ite 9 its ideas z lit]ature1 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 x seldom is s4 ,m (t5 !re is sugge/ion ?an realization1 & ! poetry comes to u 9 an almo/ indescribable feel+ or s5tim5t ( ! pa9t]4 ,inde$1 ! great] "p ( :at we h call$ 8pictorial poetry0 lies 9 a glimm]+ consci\sness ( beauty1 an impression t *>ms1 a feel+ t sways1 r ?an 9 any exact /atem5t4 ,n[ t ^w 8feel+0 is n a cant expression ( dilettanteism4 ,x has a di/9ct mean+ 9 all ! arts4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( beauty ! arti/ 8feels0 t beauty & is emotionally mov$ by x z y or ,i might be mov$ by an h]oic action1 a spl5did sunset1 or a f9e bur/ ( or*e/ral music4 ,he responds to ! *>m & yet is n able to express 8 :ole feel+1 n ev5 9 words1 mu* less 9 =ms & colors4 ,) all ! res\rces ( language & ) all 8 skill 9 expression ,t5nyson is n cunn+ en\gh to tell ! :ole passionate tale ( ,ar?ur & ,launcelot & ,gu9ev]e--! ?ree :o liv$ & lov$ & di$ s _m ye>s ago & n[ lie 8l[ 9 ! du/ ( half-=gott5 k+s40 ,all ! h]oism1 ! nobility1 ! spl5did pa?os ( ^? lives1 c\ld n be put into words4 ,t5nyson c\ld only summon up a s5tim5t ab\t !m1 & deeply imbu$ ) t s5tim5t1 he left a t+e ( unutt]able sadness 9 ! poem :i* y & ,i feel & love1 & yet c b poorly describe4 ,we d n "k x l a ma!matical problem2 we feel x4 ,& consid] t old man =sak5 ( 8 *ildr5--,le>4 ,8 compla9ts & temp]s seem almo/ *ildi% at times2 & yet ?r\gh t play1 m ?an ?r\gh any o!r writt5 expression ( human woe1 runs ! feel+ & ! passion ( a great he>t break+ ?r\gh +ratitude4 ,aga9 ?9k ( t la/ act 9 8,! ,c5ci10 ) ,beatrice curs$ by fate1 /a9$ ) crime1 & f9ally br\ght face to face ) trial & dea?4 ,h y ev] read or kn[n ( su* ano!r :irlw9d ( wildness & calmness1 ( weakness & =titude1 ( c\rage & fe>6 ,& ! gha/ly1 creep+ horror ( x all6 ,c y n feel x8 ,nei!r ,%akespe>e nor ,%elley c *>t & scale ^u a bo>d ! passion he w\ld %[ u4 ,x c\ld n be p9n$ d[n or summ$ up sci5tifically4 ,x c1 9 fact1 be br\ght home to u only by t great "u-curr5t runn+ ?r\gh all notable art--feel+4 ,consid] once aga9 ,wagn]'s 8,gtt]dmm]ung60 ,h[ w\ld x be possible to tell ) musical notes all ! tragic p[] t lies 9 t op]a8 ,wagn] himself 0 n able to d x4 ,:at he did 0 to summon up a romantic mood ( m9d by contemplat+ ! !me 9 8 imag9ation & !n1 to sugge/ by a *oice ( motives & or*e/ration1 ! imm5se passion ( ! /ory4 ,by foll[+ ! or*e/ration r ?an ! individual s+]s y c feel 9 ! diff]5t motifs ! poetry ( t h]oic age--! glori\s a*ievem5ts1 ! sad pass+1 ! m\rnful sunset1 ! fad+ into oblivion ( ^? :o rul$ ! beautiful _w4 ,if y _c feel ! my/]y1 ! sadness1 ! spl5dor ( x all1 ,i am afraid x argues "s want ( music & romance 9 y\r s\l r ?an a want ( poetry 9 ! op]a4 ,! feel+ is !re2 x is ! la/ ?+ p]haps to be recogniz$ by ! /ud5t ( music1 & yet x is ! "o ?+ above all o!rs t has made ,wagn] a great poet4 ,he c\ld sugge/ m ?an he c\ld describe1 & because he sugge/s & does n describe is "o reason :y he is1 at fir/1 s difficult to und]/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xix4--,,ga9sbor\gh1 ,mrs4 ,siddons4 ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,! picture 9 ?is respect1 is n diff]5t f music or lit]>y poetry4 ,poetic feel+ 9 pa9t+ may be & has be5 %[n 9 _m subjects & 9 _m ways4 ,if we g back to ! ,go?ic p]iod 9 ,italy1 :5 ! pa9t]s 7 j em]g+ f m$ivalism1 we %all f9d a pr(\nd feel+ = religion4 ,x %[s 9 ,giotto & ! ,flor5t9es1 9 ,duccio & ! ,si5ese4 ,!y d n "k h[ to draw1 color1 or light a picture correctly2 !y are j le>n+ to pa9t1 & l *ildr5 !y feel inf9itely m ?an !y c express4 ,& !y d n try to express any precise or detail$ acc\nt ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y c\ld n if !y w\ld4 ,t :i* is call$ 8religi\s feel+0 9 ! alt>-pieces ( ! ,go?ic p]iod & ! e>ly ,r5aissance is really a m5tal & emotional attitude ( ! pa9t]--a f9e s5tim5t1 an exquisite t5d]ness 9 ! pres5tation ( biblical !mes & *>act]s4 ,x is no matt] :e!r ! s5tim5t is really religi\s or m]ely human2 x is 9 ei!r case poetic4 ,& x is no matt] :e!r ! pa9t]'s devotion & e>ne/ness 7 misplac$ or n2 at lea/ !y 7 s9c]e4 ,!re nev] 0 a "t 9 ! hi/ory ( pa9t+ :5 ! body ( arti/s believ$ m ?or\ghly 9 _! !me1 _! "w1 & !mselves ?an dur+ t e>ly ,italian "t4 ,y c see ?is well exemplifi$ 9 ,orcagna--9 8 8,la/ ,judgm5t0 9 ,santa ,m>ia ,novella4 ,! ,madonna look+ up at h] ,son is an embodim5t ( all ! pieti/ic s5tim5t ( ! "t4 ,! figure is ill-drawn1 /iff1 ar*aic-look+2 b 9 ! :ite-c[l$ face :at purity1 :at s]5ity1 :at pa?os6 ,! clasp$ h&s seem mov$ 9 pray]2 ! upturn$ eyes look unutt]able adoration4 ,orcagna is b5t ^u tell+ ! fai? ( ! ,madonna 9 h] ,son1 b he c only d s by tell+ ! fai? t is )9 8 own s\l4 ,8 revelation is a self-revelation1 b x is n ! less a religi\s feel+ & a poetic feel+4 ,is ?is n equally true ( t pi\s monk ( ,san ,m>co1 ,fra ,angelico8 ,c !re be any d\bt ab\t 8 life-long sympa?y ) religion & ! religi\s !me 9 art8 ,x 0 8 sympa?y t begat 8 pa9t+4 ,t sweet1 fair face full ( div9e t5d]ness1 :i* we h s (t5 se5 9 ! copies ( 8 trumpet-bl[+ angels1 is x n ! e>?ly embodim5t ( a div9e _s8 ,fra ,angelico 0 ! la/ ( ! great religioni/s 9 art1 & be=e 8 dea? ! s5tim5t ( religion began to wane 9 ! works ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,!y 7 /ray+ f ! religi\s to ! naturali/ic subject1 b :]ev] _! sympa?y ext5d$ _! feel+ %[$4 ,:5 ,masaccio1 ,b5ozzo1 ,botticelli1 & ,leon>do began to /udy ! out] _w ) :at e>ne/ness & love !y pictur$ ! humanity1 ! trees1 ! grasses1 ! fl[]s1 ! long1 fl[+ hill-l9es1 & ! wide1 exp&+ ,italian sky4 ,botticelli's 8,allegory ( ,spr+0 7,plate #bi7 or ,b5ozzo's 8,adoration ( ! ,magi0 9 ! ,ricc>di palace 7,plates #b & #ag7 or ,leon>do's face ( 8,mona ,lisa0 mu/ h be5 se5 sympa!tically & ?\ght ov] passionately1 else we nev] %\ld h felt _! beauty4 ,b5ozzo1 inh]it+ 8 religi\s po9t ( view f ,fra ,angelico1 bl5ds 8 love ( man1 animals1 & l&scape ) 8 belief t !y are all made = righte\sness2 ,botticelli is s int5se t he is half-morbid 9 8 s5sitiv5ess2 & ,leon>do1 ) t *>m ( mood & sweetness ( disposition 9 ! 8,mona ,lisa10 is really transc5d5tal4 ,x is all f9e1 pictorial poetry1 h[beit m 9 ! sugge/ion ?an 9 ! absolute realization4 ,?is quality ( poetry %[n s l>gely 9 :at ,i h call$ 8feel+0 is app>5t 9 all great art1 reg>dless ( nationality or subject4 ,! ,v5etians1 = example1 _h none ( ! int5se piety ( ! ,umbrians1 b !y _h p]haps j z mu* poetry4 ,ev5 ! e>ly ,v5etians1 l ,c>paccio & ,bell9i1 7 m mat]ial ?an ,fra ,angelico & ,filipp9o4 ,!y pa9t$ ! ,madonna ) all s]i\sness & s9c]ity1 ) belief 9 ! tru? ( _! !me1 b ) a human side1 z noble 9 its way z ! spiritual1 & j z truly m>k$ by poetic feel+ 7,plate #g74 ,aft] !m came ano!r pa9t]1 ( great] skill & p[]4 ,he 0 n s boyi% 9 8 en?usiasm z ,c>paccio1 b ,!ocritus 9 love ) pa/oral nature nev] _h s mu* feel+ = ! pure joy ( liv+ z ,giorgione4 ,8 %eph]ds seat$ on a hill-side play+ & s++1 9 a f9e l&scape & "u a blue sky1 make up a picture f> remov$ 9 _s f !ology1 philosophy1 sci5ce1 w>1 or comm]ce4 ,! _w ( action is =gott5 & 9 its place !re is ,arcadia ) sunlight & fl[]s1 ) beautiful wom5 & /rong m54 ,b is x n nobly poetic8 ,:5 ,giorgione pa9t$ ! ,ca/elfranco ,madonna 7,plate #bd7 he did n *ange 8 _s to suit ! subject4 ,! picture has writt5 ^u ! face ( ! ,madonna z ^u ! face ( ! l&scape3 8,i believe 9 ! beauty & glory ( ! _w40 ,y may call ?is a pagan belief if y *oose1 b x is ) ,giorgione a s9c]e & a poetic belief4 ,correggio at ,p>ma 0 n mat]ially diff]5t f ,giorgione z reg>ds ! _s ( 8 art4 ,8 religi\s *>act]s 7 only s 9 "n4 ,he nev] _h ! slighte/ sympa?y ) ! melodramatic side ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? & c\ld n depict ! tragic )\t becom+ repulsive2 b he saw ! beauty ( wom5 & *ildr5 9 l&scape & he felt ! spl5dor ( sunlight & %ad[ & color 7,plate #h74 ,!re is no my/]y or au/]ity or solemnity or intellectuality ab\t 8 *>act]s4 ,!y are n burd5$ ) ! c>es ( ! _w2 b h[ s]5ely & sup]bly !y move & h _! be+6 ,:at grace ( action6 ,:at poetry ( motion6 ,:at lovel9ess ( color6 ,%all y say t !re is no poetry 9 t :i* appeals directly to ! s5ses1 t :i* belongs only to ! e>?8 ,z well cont5d t !re is no beauty 9 ! blue sky1 no lovel9ess 9 fl[]s1 no grace 9 ! wave t curves & falls on ! bea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xx4--,g,r,,me1 ,napoleon be=e ! ,sph9x4 ,if we move to ! nor?1 pass+ ! spl5did a*ievem5ts ( ,titian1 ,t9toretto1 ,palma1 & ,paolo ,v]onese1 pass+ ! my/icism ( ,dr] & ! int5se humanity ( ,holbe91 pass+ ! radiant spl5dor ( ,rub5s & ! c\rtly elegance ( ,van ,dyck1 we %all come ev5tually to ,holl& & to ^? ,dut*m5 :om ! academicians decl>$ _h no /yle4 ,!re we %all f9d ! ar*-h]etic1 ,rembr&t1 :o _h no?+ ( ,greek =m & academic composition1 & yet possess$ :at 0 wor? f> m--deep human feel+4 ,8 *>act]s are only poor ,dut* peasants2 8 ,*ri/ is a =lorn1 b>e-foot$1 frail-bodi$ outca/2 8 back-gr\nds are g5]ally squalid1 ill-light$ int]iors4 ,!re is no spl5dor ( ar*itecture1 no glam\r ( weal?1 no fair ,italian valley ) a deep-blue sky above x4 ,8 mat]ials = mak+ ! pictorial poem 7 slight en\gh2 b nev] a picture 0 pa9t$ ) s mu* poetic pa?os z t little 8,supp] at ,emmaus0 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,! int5se sympa?y ( ,rembr&t go+ out to ! poor & oppress$ all 8 life1 w5t out above all o!rs to t ,"o :o 0 poor & despis$--! l[ly ,"o :o taught ! gospel ( love4 ,no "o c look ^u any ( ! peasants ( ,rembr&t )\t be+ consci\s ( ! man's deep feel+4 ,8 te*nique1 ( c\rse1 is m>vell\s2 b s is 8 insight & 8 capacity to feel4 ,if x 7 n s we %\ld ga9 little pleasure f 8 subjects4 ,h y nev] wond]$ :at x is 9 art t makes a pa9t]'s int]pretation ( a sc5e m agreeable ?an ! sc5e itself8 ,if y _h a few %eep1 a ,fr5* peasant1 a /raw-?at*$ cottage1 & a b>r5 pla9 y w\ld h ! mat]ials = a ,millet picture4 ,suppose y liv$ 9 a f9e c\ntry place1 h[ long w\ld ! cottage /& ne> y be=e y _h x torn d[n1 or ! %eph]d & %eep roam y\r lawns be=e y _h !m driv5 (f by dogs8 ,y w\ld n c>e = !m1 !y w\ld n be beautiful1 !y w\ld n ev5 be int]e/+ aft] ! fir/ day4 ,:y is x !n t y pay ?\s&s ( doll>s = a picture ( ! %eph]d & 8 %eep to hang 9 y\r draw+-room1 :5 y w\ld n h ! orig9als )9 gun-%ot8 ,is x n t ! mat]ials h some?+ add$ to !m8 ,are !y n help$ 9 _! repres5tation by ! pa9t]'s insight & 8 capacity to feel8 ,rembr&t saw a deep] mean+ 9 8 commonplace mat]ials ?an y or ,i4 ,he saw t "u ! tatt]$ gab]d9e ( ! ,am/]dam ,jew beat ! he>t & ?robb$ ! bra9 ( all humanity4 ,! ,jew 0 typical ( univ]sal suff]+--an epitome ( humanity1 & at ! same "t an exempl> ( inhumanity4 ,& ?9k y !re is no =ce1 no nobility 9 ! unc\?1 heavy-set peasant ( ,holl&8 ,c y n see ! /amp ( "* 9 ! deep-m>k$ face & ! labor-worn =m8 ,c y n see t ! man is self-made1 made /rong by h>d%ips2 t he has be5 develop$ & br\ght to maturity ?r\gh adv]sity8 ,x is ?is beauty ( "* t ,rembr&t is br++ to y\r notice4 ,& c y believe t !re is no *>m 9 ! l[-ly+ l& ( ! ,dut*man--! l& :]e cl\ds roll out to sea by day1 & fogs drift inl& by night8 ,c y n see t "h1 too1 is some?+ develop$ ?r\gh adv]sity1 t ?is doma9 has be5 wre/$ f ! sea & turn$ into fl[]-spatt]$ mead[s1 fields ( gra91 ranks ( pold]s1 groves ( trees8 ,h n man & c\ntry a peculi> beauty ( _! own--a beauty ( "*8 ,& h[ diff]5t is x ) ! peasantry ( ,france8 ,^! glean]s 9 ! fields z !y b5d =w>d to ga!r ! /ray /alks1 h[ f9e !y are 9 _! great simple outl9es1 h[ sub/antial 9 body1 h[ excell5t 9 motion 7,plate #d76 ,& see h[ !y h>monize ) ! color+ ( ! /ubble & fit into _! atmosph]ic place1 s t !y are ( a piece ) ! =egr\nd1 backgr\nd1 & sky--cem5t$1 bl5d$ into "o1 by ! w>m haze ( a ,july aft]noon4 ,is !n ?is flat space ( /ubble "u ! burn+ summ] sun1 ?is b>e treeless field1 8,la belle ,france0 :i* e ,fr5*man & _m a =eign] raves ab\t8 ,yes2 only d\bly int5sifi$4 ,?is is ! sub/ance & ! solidity ( ,france--! yield+1 arable soil t makes ! weal? ( ,france4 ,& ?is s[] mov+ sil5tly 9 ! %ad[ ( ! hill1 mov+ ) su* rhy?mic motion1 tir$ & worn yet sw++ & s[+--! sun gone d[n & twilight ^u him1 yet /ill )\t a murmur1 )\t a falt]1 sw++ & s[+ ! gra9--is ?is ! brave ,fr5*man ^: ki? & k9 f\ght at ,m>5go & ,wat]loo8 ,yes2 only d\bly int5sifi$4 ,he is ! brawn & muscle ( ,france--! orig9al produc]1 ! plant] & su/a9] ( ! race4 ,has he1 :o has s labor$1 s wre/l$ ) /ubborn circum/ance & wr\ght success f meagre opportunity1 has he n a "* ( 8 own t may be call$ beautiful 9 art8 ,& ! l& he has brok5 & made s productive1 ! soil t he sprang f & is s intimately associat$ )1 has x n a "* ( l&scape peculi>ly its own & aga9 pictorially beautiful8 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxi4--,,mi*ael ,,angelo1 ,delphic ,sibyl4 ,si/9e ,*apel1 ,rome4 ,millet & ,rembr&t knew ?is tru? ( "* 9 bo? man & nature1 & (t5 !y mu/ h ?r[n d[n _! bru%es 9 despair ( ev] tell+ x2 b kn[+ x s well & feel+ x s deeply1 !y c\ld n *oose b leave ! m>k ( _! feel+ 9 _! pictures4 ,& !y produc$ great democratic art--! ass]tion t all beauty does n lie 9 ! /raight nose1 ! ,apollo m\?1 & ! ,apoxyom5os =m2 & t poetry is n alone ! tale ( classic h]oes & m$ival m>aud]s4 ,! man1 ?\gh rag-pat*$1 may be a k+2 ! l&1 ?\gh no ,arcadian grove1 is /ill ! great productive "m-e>?4 ,%all we h an ari/ocracy solely ( weal?1 or an ari/ocracy solely ( bir?8 ,may !re n also be an ari/ocracy ( "*8 ,i h said t ?is poetic feel+ 9 art f\nd its way into _m subjects4 ,! examples giv5 are b a h&ful f t va/ _w ( life f :i* ! pa9t] is privileg$ to draw2 & y mu/ n inf] t x has to d ) religion & ! pa?os ( humble life alone4 ,corot1 = in/ance1 nev] pa9t$ any?+ t express$ ei!r4 ,8 0 ! poetry ( light 7,plate #i7 z ,r\sseau's ! poetry ( ! =e/ & ,daubigny's ! poetry ( ! mead[ & ! riv]-bank 7,plate #af74 ,& are !re n pans ( beauty unmix$ 9 ! voyag+ cl\ds ( ,con/able1 ! s]5e blue skies ( ,c\rbet1 ! silv]y mi/s ( ,m>is1 ! /ormy coa/s ( ,w9sl[ ,hom]8 ,a portrait by ,ga9sbor\gh 7,plate #ai7 or ,van ,dyck 7,plate #ah71 an int]ior by ,van d] ,me] ( ,delft or ,piet] de ,hooge1 a ,v5etian sc5e by ,gu>di or ,bunce1 a battle or %ipwreck by ,delacroix1 a tig] & a s]p5t by ,b>ye1 may any or all ( !m be poetic4 ,! poetry is 9 ! man1 n ! subject4 ,:atev] ! poet sees1 if x appeals to him emotionally1 may />t t tra9 ( feel+ :i* evitably creeps into ! canvas--creeps 9 j z :5 "o is 9 a gay or sad mood 8 gayety or sadness w t+e ! curr5t ( 8 play+ or 8 s++ or be app>5t 9 8 conv]sation4 ,aga9 let me repeat t ! ?\ght 9 pictures1 :e!r poetic or o!rwise1 is seldom s def9ite or precise z 9 lit]ature4 ,meissoni] 9 8 8,napoleon 9 #ahad0 wi%es to tell y ( ! ,emp]or's defeat1 b ! only way he c d x is to pa9t a man on horseback alone on ! br[ ( a hill ) a gloomy1 set face & a d>k sky4 ,x is sugge/ion r ?an realization4 ,grme is "o ( ! be/ /ory-tell]s ) ! pa9t-bru% ( ! pres5t times1 b :at does he mean by 8 8,napoleon be=e ! ,sph9x0 7,plate #bj78 ,evid5tly a contra/ has be5 ?\ght (--a contra/ betwe5 ! t9y figure on horseback & ! colossal head loom+ above ! des]t s&s--b :at precisely does ! contra/ mean8 ,is ?is ! mod]n _w aga9/ ! :ole va/ pa/8 ,is x ,france1 ! late/ ( nations1 conqu]+ ,egypt1 ! e>lie/ ( nations8 ,or is ?is little man on horseback ! intellectual =ce1 ! dipus ( ! ,we/1 come at la/ to ,egypt to solve ! riddle ( ! ,sph9x8 ,y see ! actual ?\ght is n s accurately read4 ,aga91 ,i am dispos$ to ?9k t 9 ,mr4 ,watts's 8,love & ,dea?0 ! little god ^u ! door/ep fall+ back among ! fl[]s be=e ! great out/ret*$ arm ( ,dea? means t into e h\se :]e love & joy & fl[]s h be5 supreme1 ! spectre ( dea? mu/ soon] or lat] ent]4 ,b ,i d n "k t ,mr4 ,watts _h q t idea :5 he pa9t$ ! picture4 ,x is because ! ?\ght 9 pa9t+ is always m or less indef9ite z comp>$ ) lit]ature t s _m diff]5t mean+s are read into or out ( celebrat$ pictures4 ,art-critics & hi/orians are /ill expla9+ ,titian's 8,v5us ,equipp+ ,cupid0 & ,botticelli's 8,allegory ( ,spr+40 ,pictorial language is n l ! v]nacul> ( spee*2 x is n ev5 writt5 s t all alike may compreh5d its _s4 ,at be/ x is a sign language t p]mits ( v>y+ int]pretations1 & x is n by any means ! be/ m$ium ( convey+ ab/ract ideas f "o m9d to ano!r4 ,b l music x is v responsive to emotional feel+ & conveys ! poetic mood or s5tim5t1 sometimes ) great =ce4 ,inde$1 true pictorial feel+ f9ds its way into /ill less cle> conceptions ?an we h cit$4 ,! v means ( expression are (t5 t+$ by x4 ,!re may be no deep s5tim5t 9 ! subject or *>act]s4 ,x may be only a gr\p ( tav]n brawl]s by ,jan ,/e5 or a smirk+ fi%-wife by ,frans ,hals1 & yet ! picture may be h&l$ 9 color & light ) su* *>m z to produce a prismatic poem4 ,diaz c\ld & did pa9t fl[]s z wor?y ( ,p>adise z ,ghib]ti's 8,gates ( ! ,bapti/]y10 solely because ( 8 f9e feel+ = color4 ,sometimes !re is a feel+ = ! sweep & fl[ ( l9es1 z 9 ,raphael1 ,t9toretto1 & ,rub5s1 t is poetic 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w1 & 9 ,delacroix's colors !re is (t5 ! haunt+ sugge/ion ( passion1 fury1 fire1 & dea?4 ,! subject may c\nt = little4 ,:at ! pa9t] feels ab\t x may make x poetic4 ,decamp got poetry out ( ! exact value ( a spot ( sun%9e fall+ on ! floor2 & ,*>d9 f\nd x 9 ! textures ( pots & pans 9 a kit*54 ,pa9t itself may be made poetic by ! sympa!tic h&l+ ( x1 j z words & s5t5ces 9 lit]ature4 ,!re is no?+ rem>kably poetic 9 ?\ght ab\t ,byron's 8,be=e ,/4 ,m>k's /ill gl[ 8 /e$s ( brass1 ,_! gild$ coll>s glitt]+ 9 ! sun10 b c y n feel 9 ! expression ( x ! /ately & maje/ic m>* ( numb]s8 ,y may ?9k !re is no?+ rem>kable 9 ?\ght 9 ! fly+ figures ( ,william ,blake4 ,!y are descriptions l ,byron's c\plet1 b "u !m is ! feel+ ( va/ sweep+ p[]4 ,?is is all poetry ( a mo/ sov]eign k9d2 & t1 too1 %[n 9 ! means ( expression--9 ! te*nique ( art4 ,! same k9d ( feel+ appe>s 9 ! cont\rs ( ,leon>do1 9 ! light-&-%ade ( ,correggio1 9 ! color+ ( ,paolo ,v]onese1 9 ! modell+ ( ,velasquez1 9 ! bru%-"w ( ,manet4 ,x rises to ! sublime ) ,mi*ael ,angelo2 x abides 9 ! smalle/ ?+s ( e>? 9 ! h&s ( ! ,japanese4 ,into ! inf9itely little z into ! inf9itely great ! feel+ ( ! man may infuse t true poetry ( pa9t+ :i* is p]haps ! highe/ z x is ! ultimate aim ( pictorial art4 ,t x is n ! only aim we %all see imm$iately :5 we come to discuss ! decorative value ( pa9t+4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,decorative ,,quality ,,we c\ld easily settle1 ex ca!dra1 ?is matt] ( art if our views 7 ! only ones to be consid]$2 b1 un=tunately1 intellig5t p diff] ) u1 & ! pa9t] himself is (t5 our mo/ det]m9$ antagoni/4 ,! pa9t]1 9 fact1 has op9ions ( 8 own ab\t 8 pictures & he sometimes ass]ts !m ) no unc]ta9 voice4 ,8 mo/ p]si/5t ass]tion is t ! picture %\ld be some?+ decorative 9 =m or color--be some?+ beautiful to look at--r ?an some?+ moral1 intellectual1 or n>rative4 ,b ! public1 be+ diff]5tly m9d$1 keeps insi/+ t ! picture %\ld be some?+ 9 subject or h "s lit]>y mean+2 &1 consequ5tly1 x (t5 misses ! decorative altoge!r4 ,s x is t !re is pl5ty ( mat]ial = disagreem5t4 ,! pa9t] & 8 public seem ev] at swords' po9ts4 ,let u to-day review ! case = ! pla9tiff & to-morr[ p]haps we c sum up = ! def5dant public4 ,x is true1 to beg9 )1 t ! av]age p]son :o takes an int]e/ 9 pa9t+ & att5ds gall]y exhibitions (t5 %oots wide ( ! m>k 9 8 appreciations4 ,he />ts wrong by devot+ too mu* att5tion to pictures t h pretty faces & tell pretty /ories4 ,he is ov]-fond ( h]oes & h]o9es1 plots & tales1 dramatic sc5es f hi/ory1 or famili> *>act]s 9 fiction4 ,! ideal1 :e!r 9 figure1 face or l&scape1 pleases him2 & he does n object to a laugh ov] ! comic or ! ludicr\s4 ,b he _c abide co>se peasants or fi%]m5 9 art2 ,dut* pictures ) _! tav]n brawls are n to 8 ta/e2 & he p]si/s 9 misund]/&+ ,italian p dress$ 9 mod]n g>b & repres5t+ sacr$ *>act]s4 ,ana*ronisms ( type1 furniture1 ar*itecture1 bo!r him beyond measure4 ,! ,madonna & ! ,apo/les 7 ,jews & liv$ 9 ,judea1 & he wi%es an ar*ological report ( ! race1 c\ntry1 climate & soil4 ,( c\rse1 he does n c>e = portraits by ,velasquez ) _! outl&i% dresses1 or l>ge ,flemi% wom5 by ,rub5s1 or ! 8spla%y0 pa9t+ ( ,dut* burgh]s by ,frans ,hals4 ,9 %ort ! av]age p]son is devot$ to ! pleasant subject 9 art & is cont9ually ask+ ( ! picture3 ,:at does x mean8 ,! view ( ! pa9t] is v diff]5t f all ?is4 ,he is n int]e/$ 9 ! pretty face4 ,! ,madonnas & ,sa9ts :e!r ,dut*1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 or ,italian1 d n int]e/ him z ,madonnas & ,sa9ts4 ,a figure1 :e!r sacr$ or pr(ane1 is to him only a figure4 ,z = ! pretty /ory1 ! ideal1 ! correct co/ume1 he usually turns up 8 nose at !m4 ,he is n always int]e/$ 9 :at a picture means4 ,too (t5 p]haps he c>es n a rap :e!r x means any?+ or n4 ,8 "q is fir/ ( all3 ,:at does x look8 ,he wi%es to "k :e!r t figure is well drawn1 rightly plac$1 beautiful z =m solely & simply4 ,co/ume1 :e!r "r or wrong1 is no great matt]2 b does t ,madonna's robe make = graceful l9e1 or play well z a spot ( color8 ,! int]ior ( a room has no significance ar*itecturally4 ,x may be false to hi/ory2 b does x make a good sett+ = ! figures1 does x l5d readily to light-&-%ade1 has x atmosph]e 7,plate #bg78 ,f9ally1 :at is ! result ( ! workman%ip z a :ole8 ,has ! pa9t] h&l$ 8 mat]ials arti/ically1 has he drawn 8 figures effectively1 has he arrang$ !m compactly1 has he br\ght 8 lights-&-%ades toge!r tru?fully1 & has he fus$ 8 color-masses h>moni\sly8 ,if s he has produc$ a "w ( art1 :e!r its subject means mu* or means little4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxii4 --,,hals1 ,! ,jolly ,man4 ,rijks ,museum1 ,am/]dam4 ,! di/9ction :i* ,i w\ld make is ! old "o betwe5 art z repres5tation & art z decoration4 ,! ,arabic num]al #h1 = example1 conveys an ab/ract idea to ! m9d2 b if y draw a s]ies ( l9k$ #h's ?us3 #hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh y w h some?+ t conveys no idea & yet looks to ! eye v l a graceful patt]n = an ar*itectural frieze4 ,! art :i* ! 8av]age p]son0 seeks 9 a picture-gall]y repres5ts an idea & has an expressive mean+1 ! art :i* ! pa9t] seeks 9 a gall]y looks some?+ & has a decorative mean+4 ,x ne$ n be inf]r$ t ! two k9ds ( art are incompatible ) ea* o!r4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y are closely unit$1 = great art is bo? expressive & decorative1 & all art is m or less decorative ev5 :5 n expressive4 ,nor is x necess>y to say t "o is bett] ?an ! o!r4 ,p]haps x is ! ?+ said r ?an ! mann] ( say+ t c\nts mo/ ) u2 b :at ,i wi% to insi/ ^u j "h is t ! pa9t] is fir/ ( all devot$ to ! mann] ( say+1 he is devot$ to ! decorative4 ,we look at 8 pictures & ?9k h[ long he toil$ ov] t conception1 h[ he walk$ ! t[n1 l ,raphael1 se>*+ = t pretty face1 h[ he mu/ h /udi$ to v]ify all 8 ar*ological facts4 ,b1 no4 ,8 greate/ ef=t has p]haps gone out 9 ! endeavor to make 8 tones h>monize1 to get 8 draw+ "r1 to hold 8 picture toge!r 9 its planes1 & make x "o unit$ impression ( beautiful =m & color4 ,y p]haps fancy t ?is cont5tion = ! decorative on ! "p ( ! pa9t] is "s fad ( mod]nity4 ,if y h t idea pray dismiss x1 = x has no basis 9 fact4 ,! decorative s5se goes back to ! dawn ( hi/ory4 ,x 0 ! v fir/ sign ( ! art in/9ct 9 ,primitive ,man4 ,j h[ x orig9ally came to ! surface w\ld be difficult to det]m9e4 ,ye>s ago ,s*ill] put =? a !ory :i* has be5 accept$ by ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & o!rs to ! effect t x arose ?r\gh ! play-impulse2 & t art 9 its e>ly significance 0 m]ely ! result ( man's sup]flu\s en]gy--some?+ done = pleasure 9 an idle h\r4 ,t is to say1 ! ,/one ,age man ornam5t$ 8 weapons ( ! *ase & 8 dome/ic ut5sils ) color & l9e because he _h too great a supply ( animal spirits4 ,& ! safety valve :]e 8 spirits blew (f 0 art6 ,we are to inf] !n t ! decorative came into exi/5ce ?r\gh man's delight 9 =m & color & because he _h no?+ bett] to d4 ,! !ory is +5i\s b n :olly conv9c+4 ,x is q z reasonable to argue ) ,mr4 ,:i/l] t :5 ! s-call$ ,primitive ,man set out = ! *ase 9 ! morn+ !re 0 "s weak or crippl$ bro!r ( ! tribe :o _h n en\gh animal spirits to jo9 ! b&1 & 0 left beh9d ) ! wom5 to d camp "w4 ,he c\ld n draw b[ or fight & s x is possible t he 0 put to "w at mak+ weapons1 c>v+ implem5ts1 m\ld+1 decorat+1 & bak+ pott]y4 ,he 0 at fir/ no d\bt an awkw>d workman2 b z 8 h&s became m deft & 8 s5ses m acute he r\nd$ %apes & =ms ) gr[+ grace1 & put patt]ns ^u b[ls & knife-h&les ) m ju/ness ( balance & appropriat5ess ( design4 ,x is int]e/+ to obs]ve t almo/ at ! />t ?is primitive arti/ recogniz$ ! problem ( adapt+ design & color to a giv5 space--a problem t is to-day cont9ually up = solution 9 e /udio 9 ! c\ntry4 ,he recogniz$ t ! body ( an ord9>y vase1 = in/ance1 0 capable ( receiv+ "o sort ( a design--an op51 free patt]n p]haps1--! neck ( x requir$ some?+ l a n>r[-b& patt]n1 ! top or cov] requir$ a circul> patt]n4 ,x 0 n long be=e our primitive arti/ f\nd t ! secret ( good decoration lay 9 fill+ giv5 spaces symmetrically2 & t ! s5se ( ord]1 h>mony1 & proportion 7 necessities ( 8 craft4 ,he f\nd ! same problem />+ him 9 ! face :5 he left 8 pott]y & its geometrical designs & began scrat*+ ! outl9es ( animals & m5 ^u weapons or flat surfaces ( /one4 ,he _h to adapt 8 figures to 8 space--adapt !m rhy?mically1 decoratively4 ,if ! space happ5$ to be a dagg]-h&le !n ! figures 7 necess>ily ( dim9utive size or repres5t$ 9 horizontal attitudes2 if ! space 7 a %ield !n ! figures _h to c>ry ! action ar\nd ! c5tre 9 r[s p]haps2 if x 7 an upright panel ( clay or /one !n ! figures 7 requir$ to /& at full l5g? & fill ! space f bottom to top4 ,! adaptation ( design & color to prescrib$ space 0 7& is7 ! prim>y requisite ( good decoration2 & ! e>ly arti/ 0 acc\nt$ a success or a failure j 9 proportion z he accept$ or reject$ ?is requisite4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxiii4--,,bonifazio ,,v]onese1 ,moses ,sav$ f ! ,nile4 ,br]a1 ,milan4 ,c5turies aft] ! p]iod ( ,primitive ,man--no "o kn[s h[ _m c5turies--:5 civilization _h become e/abli%$ on ! banks ( ! ,nile1 we f9d pott]y1 h\sehold ut5sils1 weapons ( w>f>e1 furniture1 embroid]ies1 walls ( temples & walls ( tombs1 all cov]$ ) patt]ns1 figures1 & colors4 ,! c>v+s & pa9t+s are bett] 9 execution1 b n unlike ^? ( m b>b>ic times4 ,& ! arti/ "h 9 ,egypt1 l 8 pr$ecessor 9 ! ,/one ,age1 is conc]n$ ) fill+ spaces decoratively4 ,to be sure ! k+ 9 8 *>iot surr\nd$ by 8 b[m51 ! fly+ enemy1 ! files ( prison]s be>+ tribute1 ! convocation ( ! gods1 ! sc5es f royal & humble life1 are all records ( hi/ory1 religion1 or cu/om4 ,! pa9t] is say+ some?+1 illu/rat+ some?+1 ) 8 figures & gr\ps & colors2 b h[ c>eful he is t he %all say x gracefully1 pleas+ ! eye z well z ! m9d4 ,! composition usually runs 9 long ti]s or b&s & ! spaces are fill$ ) /&+ or mov+ figures4 ,! op5 spots ab\t ! figures are dott$ ) accessory objects1 su* z palms1 fruits1 implem5ts1 c>t\*es--all decorative 9 =m or color4 ,ev]y:]e 9 ! ,egyptian temple ! hi]oglyphs appe>$ 9 b&s & r[s--a text explanatory ( ! subject1 b introduc$ 9 su* a mann] t no space 9 ! picture %\ld look empty or want+ 9 balance4 ,assyrian art tells u ! same tale4 ,! alaba/] slabs t l9$ ! palace walls ( ,n9eveh 7 all cut ( "o size1 & ! color$ bas-reliefs ^u !m pictur+ w>riors1 *>iots1 horses1 dogs1 hunt+ sc5es1 battle sc5es1 & sacr$ sc5es con=m$ to t size4 ,trees & city ramp>ts & riv]s 7 us$ z accessory objects1 & (t5 ! cunei=m inscriptions ran across !m & held !m toge!r l a veil ( atmosph]e4 ,) ,greek art ?is decorative fill+-(-space rea*$ its highe/ po9t 9 ! anci5t _w4 ,y _c to-day take up a r$-figur$ vase1 a silv] co91 or an engrav$ gem )\t be+ consci\s t ! arti/'s fir/ ?\ght 0 h[ to fill ! giv5 space effectively4 ,!re is little attempt at fitt+ a r\nd /one into a squ>e hole4 ,! :ole surface ( ! vase1 ! co91 or ! gem is cov]$ ) a reg>d = ! g5]al =m ( ! space decorat$4 ,a ,greek co9 almo/ always %[s good decorative effect1 because ! disk is completely fill$ ) a r\nd pr(ile2 an ,am]ican co9 usually %[s poor decorative effect because ! space is n fill$ ) "o l>ge object1 b is huddl$ full ( small dates1 figures1 />s1 lib]ty-caps1 & %ields4 ,! ,greek die-s9k] is influ5c$ solely by decorative appe>ance1 :]eas ! ,am]ican die-s9k] or 8 employ] wants to tell y on a t5-c5t piece all ab\t ! con/itution1 ! flag1 & ! magnific5t fre$om & g5]al excell5ce ( ! greate/ republic on e>?4 ,n alone ) small objects 0 ! ,greek a decorative workman4 ,! wall-pa9t+s1 ! sculpture1 ! ar*itecture1 all exemplifi$ 8 skill 9 space-fill+4 ,x 0 no m]e accid5t t ! figures 9 ! highe/ "p ( a ,p>!non p$im5t 7 %[n /&+1 & t !y 7 seat$ or recl9+ 9 ! l[] angles4 ,!re 0 a p$im5tal =m to fill ) figures1 & ,pheidias w\ld n h be5 ,pheidias _h he n plac$ ! figures s t !y w\ld fill ! space gracefully1 easily1 & ) no loss ( dignity 9 _! attitudes4 ,j s ) ! ,p>!non frieze ( ,a!nian y\?s on horseback4 ,h[ gracefully !y ride6 ,& h[ well adapt$ ! mov+ tra9 ( horsem5 to ! long1 lane-l frieze t conducts !m ar\nd ! temple4 ,x is obvi\s en\gh t ! sculptor _h to consid] ! field ^u :i* he work$1 & he _h to fill x s t x w\ld fir/ ( all be beautiful to ! eye4 ,! /ep f anci5t to mod]n art is a long "o1 b ! decorat+ motive did n die ) ! ,greeks4 ,! ,go?ic age _h p]haps m ne$ = x ?an ! age ( ,p]icles4 ,:5 pa9t+ began to rise 9 ,italy1 ! *ief patron ( x 0 ! all-p[]ful ,*ur*4 ,at t "t arti/s 7 n arti/s1 9 "n at lea/4 ,!y 7 me*anics1 memb]s ( trades-unions call$ guilds1 & 7 hir$ to d c]ta9 k9ds ( "w l c>p5t]s1 masons1 /one-cutt]s1 & o!r me*anics4 ,! pa9t] at t "t 0 (t5 a lay] ( colors1 a gild] ( alt>-pieces1 a modell] 9 clay1 a hew] ( m>ble1 a goldsmi?1 a frame-mak]--all 9 "o4 ,:5 ! *ur* 0 built he 0 call$ 9 to decorate x--t is1 to make x beautiful to look at1 attractive 9 appe>ance4 ,!re 7 c]ta9 ar*itectural spaces--ovals1 triangles1 squ>es1 panels--c]ta9 recesses 9 ! apse1 ! dome1 ! ceil+1 t _h to be fill$ ) c>v+s1 designs1 pictures4 ,he fill$ !m1 & he 0 prais$ or criticis$ z he fill$ ^? spaces decoratively or o!rwise4 ,he 0 a decorator pure & simple4 ,!n came ,giotto4 ,! same k9d ( spaces ne$$ fill+1 b ,giotto fill$ !m bett] ?an 8 pr$ecessors4 ,8 decorative s5se 0 l>g]1 8 ta/e 9 color m ref9$2 & he c\ld draw a figure nobl] & ) m flexibility z reg>ds its muscul> play & action4 ,pa9t+ advanc$ ) a b\nd4 ,x did n d s because ( ,giotto's subjects1 because he pa9t$ ! traditional ,*ur* !mes l ^? be=e him2 b because ,giotto 01 = 8 "t1 a great craftsman4 ,a hundr$ or m ye>s lat] came ,masaccio4 ,art 0 once m pu%$ sudd5ly =w>d1 = ,masaccio r\nd$ ! ar*aic l9e1 drew drap]y ) ease1 fa?om$ ! tones ( colors1 gave light-&-%ade1 p]spective1 values4 ,!n ano!r hundr$ ye>s to ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raphael4 ,) ^! two la/-nam$ arti/s draw+ rea*$ a great height4 ,x c\ld n at t "t be c>ri$ fur!r1 & no pa9t]s 9 ,flor5ce 7 s fam$ = draw+ & composition z ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raphael4 ,!y fill$ space q p]fectly ) l9es & =ms4 7,plates #ba & #bh47 ,contempor>y ) ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raphael liv$ ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,he 0 an excell5t draughtsman b y d n (t5 he> him spok5 ( z su*4 ,8 fame re/s l>gely ^u 8 discov]y & ma/]y ( light-&-%ade4 ,"h 0 some?+ new ) :i* to fill space4 ,x made no diff]5ce t at ?is "t pa9t+ (t5 came d[n f ! apse & ! ceil+ & spread itself ^u canvas & wood5 panel to make :at we to-day call ! easel-picture4 ,! decorative motive 0 n lo/ sight ( = a mom5t4 ,leon>do 0 j z solicit\s t ! panel %\ld be decoratively beautiful z ! wall fresco1 & he made x beautiful by 8 my/]y ( light-&-%ade1 by 8 figures & colors4 ,he 0 = ,flor5ce ! p]fect craftsman1 & _m /ud5ts foll[$ 8 initiative4 ,!n came ,correggio at ,p>ma 7,plate #h7 & ,giorgione at ,v5ice 7,plate #bd71 v>y+ ! use ( light-&-%ade & mak+ ( x a magnific5t backgr\nd ^u :i* to weave colors4 ,^! ?ree m5 = ,italy p]fect$ & complet$ ! decorative use ( light-&-%ade1 & y w always he> !m spok5 ( z ! ma/]s ( *i>oscuro1 ! inv5tors ( composition by masses ( light & d>k4 ,"o mom5t m to ! s*ool ( ,v5ice6 ,y w rememb] t f h] infancy ,v5ice 0 a trad] ) ! ,ea/4 ,%e 0 ! c>ri] by sea1 ! brok]1 betwe5 ,europe & t realm ( ,mahomet ly+ back ( ,con/ant9ople :i* has nev] kn[n any o!r art ?an color$ ornam5t4 ,?is ,moslem empire & its color-glam\r _h its influ5ce ^u ! ,v5etians ?r\gh _! %ips & trad]s1 & :5 ! pa9t]s began ! fabrication ( alt>-pieces & mosaics = ! ,v5etian *ur*es x 0 n l9e or =m or light or %ade t prim>ily int]e/$ !m4 ,x 0 color--! color ( ! old decad5t ,ea/]n _w--to :i* !y 7 devot$4 ,! ,bell9is began x1 _! pupils ,giorgione & ,titian made x glori\s1 ,paolo ,v]onese gave x f9al brilliancy & spl5dor4 7,plates #e & #ad47 ,aga9 ! height 0 rea*$4 ,space-fill+ at ,v5ice 0 done prim>ily by masses ( color1 & to-day y w always he> ! ,v5etians spok5 ( z ! great colori/s 9 art4 ,n[ h y notic$ t ,i h giv5 y1 9 ?is little outl9e ( art-hi/ory1 ! names ( ! great ma/]s 9 pa9t+8 ,h y notic$ t ! rise ( t greate/ s*ool ( all1 ! ,italian1 c be adequately expla9$ on purely decorative gr\nds8 ,art 0 great 9 ,italy prim>ily because ! ,italians 7 great te*nicians1 great decorators1 great space-fill]s4 ,if y w turn back & read _! lives1 _! adv5tures1 & _! qu>rels among !mselves y w discov] t !y 7 n :olly absorb$ by ! ,madonnas & ,holy ,families & ! religi\s s5tim5t ( art4 ,_m ( !m _h piety & /rong belief1 & "s ( !m _h nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,! subjects 7 dealt out to all ( !m alike by ! ,*ur*2 b ! mann] 9 :i* !y %\ld be pa9t$ 0 some?+ taught 9 ! bottega ( ! ma/]1 some?+ dictat$ 9 ea* case by ! space 7! wall or alt>7 :i* _h to be decorat$4 ,ev5 ! pieti/s l ,fra ,angelico 7 n free ( obligation to ! decorative4 ,nor did a s+le "o ( !m ev] wi% to be free4 ,:e!r !y believ$ 9 religion or n1 :e!r !y _h pieti/ic s5tim5t or n1 !y all believ$ 9 ! beauty ( good =m & good color4 ,if y w look aga9 at ,&rea del ,s>to's ,holy ,families y w see little hol9ess ab\t !m or 9 !m4 ,!y are only ,flor5t9e p pos$ 9 traditional attitudes1 ) ,&rea's wife enact+ ! "p ( ! ,madonna4 ,b !y are n want+ 9 decorative *>m4 ,&rea knew h[ to fill space if n h[ to pa9t s\l1 & x 0 because he did fill space beautifully 9 ! conv5t ( ! ,annunziata t 8 t[nspeople call$ him 8! faultless pa9t]40 ,no "o ev] ref]r$ to him z 8! faultless ?9k]0 or 8! faultless s5tim5tali/0 or 8! pieti/ic pa9t]40 ,if y w look aga9 at ! pictures ( ,titian y w see only h&some1 well-f$1 ri*ly rob$ ,v5etians4 ,_! br[s are n burd5$ ) ,*ri/ian ec/asy nor _! faces furr[$ ) classic ?\ght4 ,!re is little to !m b f9e =m & f9e color4 ,& yet ,i v5ture to ?9k t ,titian1 tak+ him = all 9 all1 0 ! greate/ pa9t] kn[n to hi/ory4 ,x 0 by & ) su* m5--m5 devot$ to ! mat]ial & te*nical side ( _! art--t ,italian craftsman%ip rose /ep by /ep ?r\gh ?ree hundr$ ye>s ( sev]e tra9+ until ! ,r5aissance height 0 rea*$ & great art 0 ! result4 ,! pictorial voice ( ,italy w\ld nev] h be5 he>d 9 ?is _w _h x n be5 = ! decorative skill ( ! workman1 ! craftsman ( ! ,r5aissance1 ! man we to-day call a te*nician4 ,& f beg9n+ to end ! fir/ consid]ation ( ,italian art 0 n religion1 nor nature1 nor ! ideal nor ! classic1 b r ! mak+ ( a beautiful decoration by ! use ( l9es1 lights1 %ad[s1 & colors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxiv4--,,giorgione1 ,madonna & ,sa9ts4 ,ca!dral1 ,ca/elfranco4 ,i am aw>e t y reg>d all ?is z decid$ly het]odox1 & possibly y may ?9k ,i am di/ort+ ! facts to make a po9t 9 argum5t4 ,b no4 ,i am /at+ ! arti/'s cont5tion1 giv+ 8 idea ( ! developm5t ( art--! view held by ! anci5ts & /ill upheld to-day by ! mod]ns4 ,b let me ramble on a little fur!r1 & consid] ?is matt] negatively4 ,y "k t ) ,raphael1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & ,titian art 9 ,italy rea*$ its climax1 & t aft] !m came t deluge kn[n to hi/ory z ! ,decad5ce4 ,b :y 0 !re a decad5ce8 ,:at caus$ x8 ,no?+ m nor less ?an t ! foll[]s ( ! great m5 came to reg>d craftsman%ip z some?+ ( a trick to be readily pick$ up1 & fail$ to /udy ) ! sev]ity ( ! e>ly m54 ,!y ?\ght to be te*nicians )\t labor1 to ga9 facility )\t skill1 to produce great pictures )\t k4 ,_! pr$ecessors _h a*iev$ te*nique1 & ! foll[]s ?\ght !y _h no?+ to d b help !mselves to ! result )\t bo!r+ ab\t go+ to ! f\nta9-head4 ,s !y tri$ to comb9e c]ta9 l9e-effects ( ,raphael ) ,titian's color & ,correggio's light-&-%ade4 ,( c\rse ?is attempt at a unity ( te*nical excell5ces 0 an absurdity4 ,!n1 too1 !y began to ?9k t ! sublime or s5tim5tal subject 0 wor? m ?an good workman%ip1 & t ,mi*ael ,angelo's greatness lay 9 8 my/]y-haunt$ figures1 z ,raphael's 9 8 r\nd-fac$ ,madonnas4 ,s !y began copy+ ^! features1 too4 ,& z a result !re appe>$ ! pond]\s sc[l+ ,titans ( ,salviati & ,vas>i1 ! sug>y1 empty-head$ ,madonnas ( ,c>lo ,dolci & ,sass(]rato4 ,!y c\ld n draw or pa9t l ! great ma/]s1 because _! h&s _h n be5 ?or\ghly tra9$2 !y c\ld n design decoratively1 because _! ta/e _h become corrupt$2 !y c\ld n ?9k effectively1 because !y 7 foll[+ o!r p's ideas r ?an _! own4 ,no wond] !re 0 decad5ce4 ,x w\ld h be5 v /range _h !re be5 any?+ else4 ,two hundr$ ye>s ( ?is m]etrici\s art foll[$ ! d[nfall ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,dur+ ^? c5turies pa9t+ 9 ,europe lay b>r51 save 9 "s exceptional spots4 ,x fl\ri%$ 9 ,holl& ) ,rembr&t2 x fl\ri%$ 9 ,fl&]s ) ,rub5s2 x fl\ri%$ 9 ,spa9 ) ,velasquez4 ,:y did x fl\ri%8 ,if ,i 7 se>*+ ! entire hi/ory ( pa9t+ ,i c\ld n "n = y ?ree great] te*nicians ?an ,rembr&t1 ,rub5s1 & ,velasquez4 ,) ,titian1 !y are ! great ma/]s ( ! craft4 ,art always fl\ri%es 9 ! h&s ( ! skill$ craftsman2 x always langui%es 9 ! h&s ( ! unskill$ craftsman4 ,& x is necess>y to insi/ ^u x aga9 t all ^! m5 7 workm51 work+ ) ! decorative s5se upp]mo/4 ,!y 7 arti/s1 too--arti/s :o express$ great ?\ghts1 s5tim5ts1 & emotions1 p>ticul>ly ,rembr&t2 b !y nev] w\ld h be5 arti/s1 !y nev] w\ld h repres5t$ any fact or ?\ght wor? consid]+1 _h !y n be51 fir/ ( all1 decorative workm54 ,b y may say we h *ang$ all t4 ,! pa9t] 9 ^? days 0 only a c\rt dep5dant--a v>let ( ! k+--n diff]5t f cab9et-mak]s1 /one-cutt]s1 & o!r me*anics2 b to-day he is an indep5d5t citiz51 a creative g5ius1 a tea*] ( mank9d1 an influ5c] & m\ld] ( public op9ion4 ,yes2 b ! picture is /ill ! picture4 ,& cu/om may *ange ! pa9t]'s sk91 b n 8 nature4 ,he is /ill a skill$ workman at he>t1 or at lea/ w\ld be su*4 ,& 8 ma9 aim is decorative craftsman%ip4 ,mod]n pa9t+ gives x pro(4 ,x is said1 & truly en\gh1 t art has advanc$ 9 ?is c5tury4 ,:y has x advanc$8 ,simply because x has tak5 hold ( ! old te*nical & decorative problems1 & tri$ to bett] !m4 ,9 ,france1 ,+res 0 do+ 8 be/ to draw l ,raphael1 :5 ,delacroix came to ! front ) a new k9d ( draw+4 ,in/ead ( l9e he sub/itut$ ! pat* ( color1 & made ! out] rim ela/ic1 movable1 life-l4 ,corot1 ,r\sseau1 & ! l&scape pa9t]s2 ,c\rbet1 ,millet1 & ,manet1 ! g5re pa9t]s1 help$ complete x4 ,art "u !m rose rapidly1 & ! tru? ( nature 0 m ne>ly approximat$4 ,b ! light 0 too dull1 ! %ad[s too black4 ,a new man came to ! front to revise & re-edit ! light-&-%ade ( ,leon>do1 ,correggio1 & ,rembr&t4 ,t man 0 ,monet1 ! s-call$ impressioni/4 ,he *ang$ ! :ole pit* ( light by transpos+ ! scale1 & giv+ bo? lights & d>ks a high] regi/]4 ,& has n ! ri* deep color ( ! old ,v5etians be5 revis$ too8 ,look ab\t y at ! high keys ( color t greet y 9 e mod]n picture exhibition4 ,claude ,monet1 :om p smil$ at a doz5 ye>s ago1 b are n[ call+ a g5ius1 is responsible = ?is high scale ( color & light4 ,he has trans=m$ ! :ole decorative aspect ( l&scape pa9t+1 by /udy+ ! int]mixture & play ( pigm5ts4 ,we are n[ see+ colors 9 art t approximate1 at lea/1 ! colors ( nature2 & !y are j z beautiful decoratively z ! old ones1 only we are n yet accu/om$ to !m4 ,pa9t+ advances1 breaks out new sails1 & ent]s ^u new seas ) su* new k ( mat]ials4 ,& ( c\rse "s ( ! en]gy put into ! /udy is to enable ! pa9t]s to %[ a tru] life & nature ?an ev] be=e2 b we are n to =get t !re is beauty also 9 ! new pit* ( light & color & t ! pa9t] is us+ !m ) a decorative purpose4 ,inde$ x w\ld be easy to demon/rate t no pres5t-day pa9t] beg9s ^u an oval1 a squ>e1 a triangle ( wood or canvas1 )\t fir/ plann+ h[ to fill t space gracefully ) =ms1 lights1 & colors4 ,^! n9ete5?-c5tury pa9t]s h _h few wall-spaces to fill1 b x has already be5 sugge/$ t ! decorative tradition has desc5d$ to !m1 & t !y are z consid]ate ab\t fill+ a panel or canvas z ev] ! old m5 7 consid]ate ab\t fill+ an apse or sp&rel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxv4--,,reynolds1 ,lady ,cockburn & ,family4 ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,b ,i fancy y are ready to /op me by prote/+ t ^! motives are too mat]ial1 too me*anical4 ,y w p]haps insi/ t true art is above all ?is petty plann+1 squ>+1 measur+1 space-fill+2 t g5ius kn[s n me?od1 & t ! ideal out-so>s ! base mat]ials t w\ld hold x d[n to e>?4 ,!re are ^? :o believe t inspiration dictates ) ! voice ( an angel & t ! h& ( ! poet or pa9t] b obeys ! voice2 !re are ^? :o believe !re is no labor or plan or design or f\ndation 9 ! "w ( art4 ,& x is true t (t5times pa9t+ & poetry appe> s ef=tless t we ?9k !m spontane\s & unprem$itat$4 ,b ^? are always ! works t h be5 slav$ ov] ! mo/4 ,e great "w ( art is bas$ 9 te*nical k & has ! skill$ workman back ( x4 ,& _m are ! poets born by nature1 yet lack+ ! accompli%m5t ( v]se4 ,did y ev] read a great piece ( prose or poetry writt5 by a man ignorant ( gramm> & ! rhy?mical con/ruction ( s5t5ces8 ,did y ev] he> ( a good piece ( ar*itecture built by a man :o knew n plans1 scales1 & proportions8 ,did y ev] see a great picture pa9t$ by a man :o c\ld n draw dec5tly or lay color h>moni\sly8 ,we are q "r 9 admir+ ! feel+1 ! en?usiasm1 yes1 ! inspiration1 if y pref] t ^w1 ( "s great viol9i/ ov] 8 in/rum5t2 b we %\ld n =get ! tra9+ ( ! h&1 ! _m ye>s ( deal+ ) ! mat]ial t made en?usiasm & feel+ possible4 ,h[ mu* ( !m %\ld we h he>d _h ! h& rema9$ untra9$8 ,%elley's poetic ?\ghts1 yes1 b ,%elley's s5se ( melody1 8 k ( rhy?m1 8 g5]al ma/]y ( words & s5t5ces1 gave !m mean+ to ! _w4 ,& s1 too1 :ile we admire ,t9toretto's f]tility ( res\rce & 8 b\nd+ imag9ation we %\ld n ov]look ! fact t x 0 8 absolute skill ( h&1 8 k ( l9e & light & color1 t made an idyl ( ! 8,ariadne & ,bac*us0 & an epic ( t great mal/rom composition ! 8,p>adise40 ,mat]ials1 craftsman%ip1 ! decorative s5se :i* requires t a man's "w %all be int]e/+ 9 itself1 are ! v bases ( art2 & we (t5 g a/ray 9 our judgm5ts by n consid]+ !m4 ,we h ) u to-day "o ( ! be/ lit]>y te*nicians ( ! n9ete5? c5tury--,mr4 ,james ! noveli/4 ,x c h>dly be cont5d$ t he is a v popul> noveli/4 ,we sometimes read outbreaks 9 newspap] or magaz9e columns to ! effect t he is n mu* ( a /ory-tell]1 has n mu* ( a plot4 ,t is ! compla9t ( ! av]age p]son 9 ! picture-gall]y :5 he /&s face to face ) a ,:i/l] nocturne4 ,he wants :at ! arti/ does n c>e to pa9t4 ,mr4 ,:i/l] & ,mr4 ,james are bo? v well acqua9t$ ) ! pretty face & ! romantic /ory1 b !y *oose to ignore !m4 ,! av]age p]son may read a novel by ,mr4 ,james & keep ask+3 ,:at does x mean8 b if ,mr4 ,james 7 at 8 elb[ & dispos$ to ask que/ions he w\ld c]ta9ly inquire3 ,h[ does x read8 ,x may be admitt$1 if y please1 t ! insi/5ce ^u ! decorative use ( language ) ,mr4 ,james or ) ,mr4 ,sw9burne is excessive4 ,& s1 too1 ! foll[]s ( ,mr4 ,:i/l]1 if n ! lead] himself1 may be ?\ght to ref9e color & my/ify tone & %ad[ into a mean+less fog ( pigm5ts4 ,any pr9ciple1 h[ev] good 9 itself1 may be r5d]$ ridicul\s by extravagance 9 its application4 ,b ! foll[]s ( ! decorative are n ! only ones :o g beyond ! normal4 ,pa9t]s :o are giv5 to 8ideas 9 art0 (t5times fly to ! o!r extreme & neglect ! decorative altoge!r4 ,mr4 ,holman ,hunt1 = example1 w h>dly be accus$ ( n hav+ en\gh ideas & mean+ 9 8 ,pale/9e pictures1 & j z c]ta9ly he w n be accus$ ( p&]+ to ! decorative4 ,8 draw+1 color+1 pa9t+1 surfaces1 are any?+ b pleas+4 ,nor does anyone d\bt t ,walt ,:itman has put =? "s poetic ideas z great z any 9 ,am]ican lit]ature1 b ! =m 9 :i* he has s5t !m =? is f> en\gh remov$ f ! rhy?mical4 ,y read him & "q p]haps :e!r he is a great poet or a solemn impo/or j because he tru/s 8 ?\ghts to bad draw+1 crude color+1 & incoh]5t composition1 j because he disp5ses ) ! decorative4 ,n[ y w please n und]/& me z say+ t x makes no diff]5ce :at y say if y b say x well1 or t ! sett+ is nobl] or bett] ?an ! gem itself4 ,x is n necess>y to ru% to ei!r extreme ( /atem5t4 ,"s arti/s !re be :o make sweep+ claims = ! decorative1 & s f> z !y !mselves are conc]n$ !y are d\btless 9 ! "r4 ,t is to say1 =m & color1 9 graceful comb9ations1 make "o k9d ( pa9t+2 b we ne$ n /raightway conclude t x is ! only k9d ( pa9t+4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ already t music & poetry may h some?+ m to !m ?an melodi\s s\nds t fall sweetly on ! e>2 & t pa9t+ may h ano!r mission ?an t ( pleas+ ! eye ) s5su\s l9es & colors4 ,! ultimate end ( pa9t+ is p]haps ! expression ( emotional feel+2 & ,i am n n[ cont5d+ = sup]lative & f9al art 9 ! ,p]sian-rug picture made up ( subtle lights & tones ( colors4 ,b x may be reasonably insi/$ t x is bett] = ! picture--no matt] :at its ult]ior mean+--t x %\ld fir/ ( all be pleas+ to ! eye & decoratively attractive4 ,c]ta9ly t is ! way all ! great arti/s ( ! _w h ?\ght & wr\ght1 f ! man ( ! ,/one ,age :o fir/ decorat$ pott]y to ! ,am]ican ( to-day :o is conc]n$ ) fill+ space ^u panel or canvas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxvi4--,,claude ,,lorra9e1 ,flight into ,egypt4 ,& ?is decorative motive1 :i* 0 ! fir/ consid]ation1 rema9s to ! la/ ! mo/ endur+ feature ( art4 ,! hi/ory ( a m>ble or a picture may be lo/2 its subject or !me may be =gott52 :at x meant or signifi$ to a pa/ g5]ation may be incompreh5sible to a pres5t g5]ation2 b :at x looks is sub/antially ! same = all times & all peoples4 ,:at1 ,i wond]1 makes ! glory ( ! 8,v5us ( ,milo0--! fact t %e is a ,v5us8 ,x has be5 gravely que/ion$1 is /ill que/ion$1 j :at "* t figure is int5d$ to p]sonify2 b x has nev] be5 d\bt$ t x is a wond]ful piece ( l9e & =m--some?+ beautiful to look ^u4 ,:at makes ! glory ( ,titian's 8,sacr$ & ,pr(ane ,love08 ,!re is no?+ ei!r sacr$ or pr(ane ab\t x2 ! title is a misnom]--some?+ atta*$ to ! picture long aft] ! pa9t]'s dea?--& no "o kn[s :at ,titian int5d$ to say 9 ! picture4 ,b is ! picture less beautiful = t8 ,x is a spl5did panel ( =m & color2 any "n or no "n c\ld n r5d] x less spl5did4 ,its decorative quality is q p]fect4 ,all ^? alt>-pieces1 frescoes1 & mosaics 9 ! ,italian *ur*es--h[ mu* mean+ h !y & _! sacr$ subjects = ! unbeliev+ art-lov] ( to-day6 ,v little inde$2 b h[ beautiful !y are to look ^u j z pictures6 7,plates #bc & #bg74 ,:o really c>es to-day = ! *>act]s ( ,le>1 ,hamlet1 & ,macbe? z comp>$ ) ! dea?less language ( _! decorative sett+6 ,:o does n c>e = ,%akespe>e's jewell$ s5t5ces6 ,x is ! common exp]i5ce ( art-lov]s t ! m !y /udy pictures ! m c]ta9ly d !y lose int]e/ 9 ! !me or n>rative illu/rat$4 ,! hi/orical or poetical incid5t portray$ fades into insignificance beside well-drawn =ms & impressive s*emes ( color4 ,no "o :o kn[s mu* ab\t pa9t+ ev] looks twice = ! mean+ ( a ,watteau or a ,lancret gr\p4 ,! only mean+ ( x lies 9 its vivacity & gayety express$ 9 color & h&l+4 ,ev5 :]e ! mean+ is important1 z 9 ,reynolds's 8,lady ,cockburn & ,family0 7,plate #be7 or ,leighton's 8,summ] ,moon10 x is n possible to ov]look or ignore ! int]tw9+ & bl5d+ ( ! gr\p 9 bo? =m & color1 :i* makes x s attractive decoratively4 ,su* 9 brief is ! arti/'s view ( art4 ,x is firmly bas$ ^u ! decorative1 ?\gh all arti/s d n advocate x to ! ext9ction ( e o!r feature ( ! pa9t+4 ,on ! contr>y !re are _m :o believe 9 s5tim5t1 feel+1 & emotional expression z ! f9al aim4 ,& "s !re are :o /ickle = ! value ( hi/ory1 ar*ology1 & /ory1 z o!rs = ! value ( ! natural & ! real4 ,inde$1 !re are sev]al k9ds ( pa9t+1 repres5t+ sev]al diff]5t po9ts ( view1 & if we w\ld cultivate ca?olicity ( ta/e we %\ld consid] !m all4 ,!re is a l>ge body ( intellig5t p 9 ?is _w :o are ev5 h]etical en\gh to believe t art has "s value z illu/ration2 & s9ce we h giv5 ! pa9t]'s cont5tion1 p]haps x w\ld be z well t we n[ /ate ! case = ! o!r side4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,subject ,,9 ,,pa9t+ ,,x has be5 intimat$1 m ?an once 9 ^! lectures1 t ! arti/1 deep d[n 9 8 he>t1 has no great respect = ! public's ta/e conc]n+ works ( art4 ,he has always arrogat$ to himself & 8 fell[s ! exclusive "r ( say+ :at 0 & :at 0 n art2 & he w\ld h u believe t aft] all art is made only = ! appreciation ( arti/s4 ,su* a feel+ is com=t+ & com=table1 no d\bt4 ,x possibly p]vades bran*es ( indu/ry o!r ?an ! arts4 ,! %oemak] probably feels t he kn[s m ab\t %oes ?an ! p t we> !m & ! cook m ab\t d9n]s ?an ! p t eat !m2 b nei!r ( !m w\ld cont5d t %oes 7 made only = %oemak]s or d9n]s only = cooks4 ,nor c ! cont5tion ( art exclusively = ! arti/ be made good save 9 ! extravagant atmosph]e ( ! art-s*ool4 ,unless ! picture appeals to someone )\t ! /udio1 unless x is accept$ by someone 9 ! outside _w1 its excuse = be+ w\ld seem to be v slight4 ,! "w may please ! work] & he may be z absorb$ & happy 9 8 occupation z a *ild mak+ s& h\ses on ! sea-%ore2 b 9 nei!r case is en]gy put to a pr(itable purpose4 ,an au?or writes a book to be read by ! public1 & an orator speaks to be he>d by ! public2 :y %\ld n a pa9t] pa9t to be se5 by ! public8 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxvii4--,,t9toretto1 ,m>riage 9 ,cana1 ,s4 ,m4 della ,sa'ute1 ,v5ice4 ,& ! audi5ce t sees has some?+ to say ab\t :at ! pa9t] %all pa9t4 ,x creates 9 l>ge measure ! dem& :i* ! arti/ supplies4 ,i am aw>e t (t5times ! contr>y is ma9ta9$ & x is ass]t$ t ! arti/ sets ! pace & directs ! public ta/e4 ,sometimes he does1 b he is influ5c$ m or less by 8 audi5ce4 ,! dem& = "w has always come f ^? :o c\ld pay = x1 & ! patron usually insi/s ^u hav+ 8 views incorporat$ 9 ! "w4 ,! hi/ory ( pa9t] & patron 9 ! pa/ r confirms ?is4 ,no d\bt ,mi*ael ,angelo _h "s contempt = ! art views ( ,julius ,,ii41 b he pa9t$ ! ,si/9e ceil+ z ! ,pope reque/$4 ,& probably ,rub5s ?\ght 8 ,jesuit patrons 9 ,fl&]s an ignorant pack ( prie/s1 b he pa9t$ ! !mes & subjects !y designat$4 ,! subject--aye--!re's ! rub6 ,= ! public w h x & ! pa9t]s w hate x--t is to say1 "s ( ! mod]n pa9t]s h come to hate x app>5tly = no o!r reason ?an t ! public likes x4 ,( rec5t ye>s !re has aris5 a cry ( 8art = art's sake0--t is to say1 art 9 ! =m1 color1 & workman%ip1 b n 9 ! ?\ght or subject--& _m arti/s h giv5 _! unqualifi$ support to ! dogma4 ,9 uphold+ ! *>m ( ! decorative !y are prone to d5y *>m to any?+ & ev]y?+ else4 ,=m & color1 !y alone make a picture1 & all else is phili/9e s5tim5t--! v lea!r & prunello ( art4 ,x is n to be d5i$ t ?is cont5tion ( ! pa9t] is "r en\gh s f> z x affirms ! importance ( ! decorative4 ,=m & color d make art1 & t too ) slight ref]5ce to subject-mean+2 b we may "q ! assumption t !re is no o!r =m ( art1 & t ! subject & :at art may mean to u are matt]s ( no importance4 ,we h already consid]$ ! diff]5t k9ds ( pa9t+ t are produc$ by pa9t]s :o ?9k & pa9t 9 diff]5t ways4 8,art is 9 ! look10 says ,:i/l]2 8,no1 x is 9 ! ?\ght10 says ,millet2 ,vib]t 9 8 pictures seems to believe x is ! subject t c\nts2 & if ,meissoni] 7 alive he w\ld c]ta9ly insi/ ^u x t art consi/s 9 realiz+ ! model--9 pa9t+ a boot y c\ld pull (f or a spur y c\ld put on4 ,b x mu/ be app>5t to y t ea* "o ( ^! m51 :ile exploit+ 8 own pref]5ce1 is possibly exploit+ 8 own limitation4 ,no d\bt ea* "o ( !m believes !re is no?+ to be se5 beyond :]e he has travell$4 ,b !re is some?+ too mu* ( 8my way is ! only way0 9 ^! views ( pa9t+4 ,n p]haps too mu* = ! m5 !mselves1 because a p]son usually succe$s bett] :o believes implicitly 9 himself & is conv9c$ by 8 own convictions2 b too mu* p]haps = ^? :o h no?+ to d ) production1 :o h to d only ) ! enjoym5t ( ?+s produc$4 ,individually we may be will+ to admit t nei!r ! subject nor ! reali/ic portrayal ( nature int]e/s u s mu* z ! look ( a picture & :at x may express 9 ?\ght or s5tim5t2 b x w\ld be idle = u to ignore ! fact t f\r-fif?s ( ! p :o are look+ at pictures are int]e/$ only 9 subject & t p]haps two-?irds ( ! pa9t]s :o are pa9t+ !m are int5t only ^u do+ some?+ reali/ic4 ,x is possible to influ5ce & p]suade ^! _m dwell]s 9 ,phili/ia1 if y *oose s to reg>d !m1 b !y _c be pu%$ aside contemptu\sly4 ,& sometimes ! p]suasion ( ! arti/ is 9 direct defiance ( ! rational4 ,! 8no-subject0 cry ( "s pres5t-day writ]s ( fiction w p]haps illu/rate ?is4 ,:at %all we say1 = in/ance1 to ! extravagance ( ^? :o tell u t 9 writ+ no?+ :i* tea*es1 argues1 or exp\nds is 8lit]ature02 t 8lit]ature0 consi/s 9 ! writ+ ( some?+ clev] ab\t no?+1 & t :5 ! ?+ said becomes ( importance ! "w ceases to be lit]>y4 ,! inf]5ce is1 ( c\rse1 t hi/ory & essay /ep d[n & out 9 favor ( poetry & fiction2 t ,ri*>d ,le ,galli5ne's s5su\s cad5ces & ,h5ry ,h>l&'s delightful p+-pong conv]sations are 8lit]ature02 b n ,macaulay's hi/ory & ,de ,qu9cey's essays4 ,are we to believe t !re is no art 9 ,bossuet's oration ov] ! great ,cond because x prea*es2 no art 9 ,ta9e's philosophy because x tea*es8 ,x is true en\gh t !re is art 9 ! skilful use ( ! adjective1 9 ! gl[ ( words1 & 9 ! slip ( s5t5ces2 b :y is !re n art also 9 ! h&l+ ( an idea1 9 ! developm5t ( a subject1 9 a po9t ( view8 ,:y is x necess>y to let ! s5se out ( ev]y?+ be=e x becomes arti/ic8 ,practically x is n possible to sep>ate ! m5tal f ! me*anical4 ,! m9d guides ! h&1 & bo? are b manife/ations ( an individuality4 ,h[ %all y di/+ui% ,%akespe>e ! ?9k] f ,%akespe>e ! dramatic writ]8 ,h[ %all y sep>ate emotional ?9k+ f its sequ5ce1 en?usia/ic craftsman%ip8 ,p are n conv9c$ by ! argum5t = art 9 ! me?od b n 9 ! m9d or ! mat]ial4 ,mr4 ,:i/l]1 speak+ = pa9t+1 is sc>cely less extravagant ?an ! writ]s4 8,z music is ! poetry ( s\nd1 s is pa9t+ ! poetry ( sight1 & ! subject-matt] has no?+ to d ) ! h>mony ( s\nd or ( color4 ,art %\ld /& alone & appeal to ! arti/ic s5se ( eye or e> )\t conf\nd+ ?is ) emotions entirely =eign to x1 z devotion1 pity1 love1 patriotism1 & ! l40 ,?us ,mr4 ,:i/l]2 & aga9 !re is a measure ( pung5t p]t95ce 9 ! rem>k4 ,pa9t+ %\ld appeal prim>ily to 8! arti/ic s5se ( eye10 b n necess>ily to t alone4 ,!re is no reason :y x %\ld n h a mean+ & express a feel+ or a s5tim5t ab\t some?+ besides =m & color4 ,ev5 music appeals to some?+ m ?an ! e>4 ,x sugge/s a feel+1 an association4 ,if x be true t x has no idea or s5tim5t1 :y d we gr[ sad ov] ,siegfri$'s ,dea? ,m>*1 or elat$ ov] t la/ upw>d bur/ ( song 9 ! dungeon sc5e f 8,fau/08 ,:y d we become emotional or s5tim5tal or romantic ov] a symphony by ,bee?ov58 ,if we wi% mean+less s\nd we mu/ take ! olian h>p or ! hum ( ! w9d ?r\gh p9e ne$les or ! ro> ( ! sea break+ on ! bea*2 & p]haps ea* ( ^! seems beautiful to u l>gely because x sugge/s some?+ l a human moan or wail4 ,j s !re may be a sugge/ion or mean+ beh9d ! mo/ decorative ( pictures4 ,e picture1 if x be coh]5t at all1 illu/rates1 repres5ts1 or expresses "s fact1 ?\ght1 or feel+4 ,h[ev] %ad[y ! trees ( ! no-subject arti/1 h[ev] vague & gho/-l ! figures ( a symphoni/ 9 pa9t1 we see & recognize ! trees & ! figures4 ,! l9es1 lights1 & colors are s plac$ t !y illu/rate subjects1 namely1 trees & figures2 !y convey to u a mean+1 & if !y are s indef9ite t we _c di/+ui% trees f figures1 rocks f grass1 or wat] f sky1 !n ! picture is n a picture1 b m]ely a da% ( v>iegat$ colors4 ,two dead fi% ^u a plank & beh9d !m an iron pot--! picture t ,vollon has pa9t$ = u--has1 z a picture1 p]haps z little subject ab\t x z ! mo/ confirm$ mod]n c\ld desire2 yet x is no less a subject4 ,we recognize ! pot1 ! plank1 ! fi% readily en\gh4 ,sme> ! canvas s t we h only /reaks ( gray & black1 & ! subject is gone & ) x ! picture4 ,x is !n only a m$ley ( pigm5t :i* may be r int]e/+ z a color-spot1 b is no m ( a picture ?an s mu* color rubb$ on ! panel ( a door4 ,mr4 ,:i/l] may call "o ( 8 small canvases ( ! op5 sea a symphony 9 blue or gray or catalogue x by any o!r fanta/ic "n he *ooses2 b ! fact rema9s t 8 few t\*es ( ! bru% give u n only ! =m & color ( ! sea1 b sugge/ to u ! great ocean toss+ aft] /orm--roll+ moodily "u gray skies4 ,! pa9t] int5d$ t su* a mean+ %\ld be sugge/$4 ,if he _h n def9$ 8 sea & sky s t we c\ld recognize !m 8 canvas might /ill be a pretty piece ( blue & gray1 & x might be a 8symphony02 b x w\ld n be a picture4 ,x w\ld n picture any?+2 x w\ld be m]ely pigm5t aga94 ,& ev5 an art-=-art's-sake devotee might wond] :y ,mr4 ,:i/l] %\ld fight w9d-mills ab\t 8devotion1 pity1 love & patriotism0 9 pictures4 ,are ! alt>-pieces ( ! e>ly ,italians ! worse = be+ fill$ ) :at p *oose to ?9k true 8devotion08 ,w\ld ! pictures by ,filipp9o or ,botticelli be ! bett] if ! pieti/ic s5tim5t 7 elim9at$ & a smil+ ,fr\fr\ took ! place ( ! sad-fac$ ,madonna8 ,consid] = a mom5t t spl5did family gr\p kneel+ 9 ! alt>-piece ( ! ,pes>o family by ,titian1 & !n ask y\rself if ! sugge/ion ( devotion "h is any m objectionable ?an ! _s ( frivolity or gayety 9 a sc5e f ! ballet by ,degas4 ,"s ye>s ago !re 0 a r int]e/+ picture by ,dagnan-,b\v]et 9 ! ,salon1 call$ 8,! ,conscripts0--a picture %[+ a squad ( y\?s m>*+ d[n ! /reet to ! s\nd ( drum-beats1 ) ! tricolor fly+ ov] _! heads4 ,! s5tim5t ( x 0 und\bt$ly patriotic1 & cr[ds /ood ab\t x day by day z long z ! exhibition rema9$ op54 ,w\ld ,mr4 ,:i/l] condemn x = ei!r its patriotism or its popul>ity8 ,if s1 :y n ! 8,surr5d] at ,br$a0 by ,velasquez8 ,t1 too1 smacks ( milit>y glory1 & ,i d\bt n _h its cr[ds ( ,spani>ds />+ at x 9 ! pa/ z ,dagnan-,b\v]et's picture 9 ! pres5t4 ,& :y n put ,rembr&t's 8,night ,wat*10 & ,frans ,hals's ,%oot+ ,companies at ,ha>lem 9 ! same pillory8 ,!y are full ( uni=ms1 flags1 drums & guns1 & !y are /uff$ ) patriotism1 civic pride & burgh] conceit2 b1 oddly en\gh1 we f9d no pa9t]-writ] abus+ !m on t acc\nt4 ,:y8 ,because !y are n lack+ 9 decorative quality2 !y are sup]b z =m & color4 ,s x seems !n t ,velasquez1 ,frans ,hals1 & ,rembr&t %all g scot-free = p]petrat+ :at is adjudg$ little %ort ( a crime 9 ,sir ,john ,millais & ,george ,b\ghton4 ,:i* is x1 !n1 ! pres5ce ( ! devotional & ! patriotic or ! abs5ce ( ! decorative t really excites ! wra? ( ! ,:i/l]ians8 ,possibly :at _! spokesm5 meant to say 0 t 9 mod]n pa9t+ !re is too mu* insi/5ce ^u ! !me1 ! subject1 ! /ory told2 t arti/ic qualities ( =m & color are ignor$1 pu%$ aside1 ov]look$ 9 favor ( ! incid5t set =?2 t pa9t+ is n a m]e vehicle = illu/rat+ poetry1 fiction1 religion1 or hi/ory2 t x has qualities peculi>ly its own1 :i* are entitl$ to q z mu* consid]ation z ! ?\ght or !me :i* may be illu/rat$4 ,& all ( t w\ld be true en\gh4 ,! decorative phase ( art is q z important z ! illu/rative1 b :y are n bo? important8 ,:y & h[ d !y conflict ) "o ano!r8 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxviii4--,,raphael1 ,si/9e ,madonna4 ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,b1 to return to our orig9al cont5tion1 expressive pa9t+ _c get on )\t a ?\ght & a !me4 ,x mu/ repres5t or illu/rate some?+4 ,& if we %\ld ca/ out all ! pictures t h an expressive mean+ we %\ld d away ) almo/ all ! art ( ! pa/4 ,c]ta9ly all descriptive art w\ld h to g4 ,hi/orical canvases1 we are told1 are only 8illu/rative0 anyway1 & n art pure & simple4 ,b j :]e %all ! l9e be drawn betwe5 :at is hi/orical & :at is n hi/orical8 ,a canvas ( ,napoleon retreat+ f ,russia is illu/rative--hi/orical beyond d\bt2 b h[ does ,meissoni]'s portrait ( ,napoleon rid+ at ! head ( 8 b$raggl$ columns diff] f ,mr4 ,:i/l]'s picture ( a blacksmi? at 8 =ge8 ,"o is ! lik5ess ( a fam\s g5]al 9 "t ( w>1 ! o!r is ! lik5ess ( a common blacksmi? 9 "t ( peace2 b bo? canvases are biographical1 & !re=e hi/orical4 ,a picture ( ! field ( ,gravelotte or ! palace at ,v]sailles might s]ve z an illu/ration ( ! political hi/ory ( ,france2 b a :eat /ack & a r[ ( popl>s by ,monet1 a wood-*opp] or a glean] by ,millet1 :y d !y n equally well illu/rate ! social & agricultural hi/ory ( ,france8 ,!re is really no po9t :]e "o c /op4 ,ev]y?+ t c be recogniz$ at all 9 a pa9t+ is m or less illu/rative ( hi/ory1 fact or incid5t4 ,& !re is no reason :y mod]nity %\ld /ra9 at an int]e/+ subject because x happ5s to be political hi/ory1 & swall[ a /upid "o because x happ5s to be social hi/ory4 ,titian1 ,rub5s1 & ,velasquez did n d x4 ,ea* "o ( !m pa9t$ ! life & hi/ory ( 8 "t1 n 9 portraiture alone1 b 9 battle sc5e & c\rt c]emony4 ,& fam\s canvases !y made ( !m1 too4 ,c x be ?\ght = a mom5t t ! subjects 7 detrim5tal to ! arti/s or _! art8 ,evid5tly ! pa9t]s !mselves did n ?9k s4 ,& is ! *ur* art ( ,italy to g1 too1 because x illu/rates ! biblical n>ratives8 ,)\t d\bt x is ! mo/ complete expression ( pa9t+ we h ev] kn[n1 ! mo/ p]fect 9 decorative *>m1 ! mo/ satisfactory 9 expressive mean+4 ,:at if x did tea* ! ,bible to ^? :o c\ld n read6 ,did x n also adorn ! int]ior ( *ur*es1 & fulfil ! mod]n requirem5ts ( pa9t+ by its beauty ( =m & color8 ,& if x be true t art consi/s n 9 devotion or patriotism1 b 9 draw+ ! nude figure1 :at diff]5ce does x make :e!r y draw t ( ,adam ly+ ^u ! edge ( ! _w z ,mi*ael ,angelo1 or t ( a dead unkn[n ly+ ^u a hospital slab z ,rembr&t8 ,if ! female figure be insi/$ ^u z ! acme ( graceful l9e & delicate color1 :y _c ^! be %[n 9 a 8,susanna at ! ,ba?0 z well z 9 a 8,v5us0 or an 8,olympe08 ,"s ye>s ago ,mr4 ,:i/l] pa9t$ ! figure ( a girl 9 :ite /&+ at full l5g? ^u a :ite be>-sk91 & ! result 0 call$ 8,! ,:ite ,girl40 ,x is a /udy 9 :ites1 & 8 foll[]s might c\nt x a symphony 9 :ite )\t mak+ mu* m ( x ?an a clev] exposition ( pa9t]'s values4 ,9 ,v5ice1 "s c5turies ago1 ,palma ,vec*io pa9t$ ! figure ( a girl 9 ri* br[ns /&+ at full l5g? ^u guns1 & call$ ! result 8,santa ,b>b>a40 7,frontispiece47 ,z a symphony1 z a /udy 9 color-h>mony1 z a piece ( draw+ & pa9t+1 x is irreproa*able4 ,x is decoratively all t c\ld be desir$4 ,yes2 & !re is some?+ m to x4 ,! figure expresses sup]b dignity1 nobility1 & repose2 x is ! p]fect type ( woman2 & 9 addition ! picture has illu/rat$ to ! mob = _m ye>s ! /ory ( ,santa ,b>b>a ! m>tyr4 ,bo? pictures are true en\gh art1 delightful ea* 9 its way2 b :i* is ! m complete8 ,& w\ld y h ! mean+ knock$ out ( ,palma's picture1 w\ld y h x r$uc$ to a m]e symphony ( br[n & gold--some?+ y might catalogue z 8,! ,br[n ,girl08 ,suppose1 = argum5t's sake1 we admit t call+ x ,santa ,b>b>a does n help x 9 any way2 b does x injure x 9 any way8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,nor is x wor? :ile to accept an allegorical figure by ,fant9-,lat\r or a nurs+ "m by ,degas & !n qu>rel ) ! mean+ ( a 8,madonna0 by ,bell9i 7,plate #g7 or a 8,/4 ,ca!r9e0 by ,sodoma4 ,! use ( ! latt] pictures by ! ,*ur* to po9t a moral or adorn a tale does n invalidate _! art1 nor does ! "n atta*$ to !m bl9d anyone to _! h>mony ( =m1 light1 & color4 ,we may be c]ta9 t ^? ,r5aissance m5 7 j z mu* int]e/$ 9 ! decorative side ( _! art z ! mod]ns4 ,!y 7 exp]t te*nicians ) a f9e s5se ( l9e & color4 ,e feature ( ! ,madonna's face1 =m or co/ume1 ! fall ( a robe1 ! sp>kle ( a gem1 ! play ( light ^u hair or nude %\ld]1 ! dep? & resonance ( colors1 7 seiz$ ^u = decorative effect2 b ! emotions ( 8devotion1 pity & ! l10 :i* ,mr4 ,:i/l] insi/s are q =eign to art1 did n di/urb !m 9 any way4 ,!y us$ !m z !y pleas$ & /ill made beautiful pictures4 ,j s ) ! ,dut*m5 at ! nor?4 ,!y pa9t$ portraits1 int]iors1 fte sc5es1 m>9es--all ?+s t relat$ to ,holl&--& !y 7 v int5t ^u giv+ ! reali/ic appe>ance ( ev]y?+ s t anyone c\ld div9e ! mean+2 b !y did n neglect ! decorative nor qu>rel ab\t ! subjects ( _! canvases4 ,! f9e conv]sation-pictures ( ,t]burg or ! int]iors ( ,/e5 or ! portraits ( ,hals 7,plate #bb7 ne$ no apology = _! purely arti/ic qualities4 ,e face or h& or figure1 e scrap ( light or color1 has ! mo/ made ( x4 ,! pa9t]s wrung all ! hues possible out ( silks & sat9s1 caught all ! sp>kle ( glass1 all ! %e5 ( pots & di%es2 b !y did n ?9k to w9 entirely by virtue ( ^! qualities4 ,!y c>$ some?+ = _! subject & insi/$ ^u its tru? ( repres5tation & illu/ration1 too4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxix4--,,botticelli1 ,allegory ( ,spr+4 ,academy1 ,flor5ce4 ,& :at ( ! l&scape8 ,are we to ca/ out ! hi/orical productions ( ,claude & ,turn] 7,plates #aa & #bf7 because !y are suppos$ to repres5t anci5t ,italy or classic ,greece8 ,:at if ,turn] does pa9t a picture ( ,v5ice 9 :i* p may recognize "s ?+s ,v5etian1 does t m> 8 pa9t+ ( light1 air1 sky1 & color1 or dim ! decorative spl5dor ( ! l&scape 9 any way8 ,^? spl5did ,v5etian sunsets ) sc>let cl\ds wav+ & flam+ f> up ! z5i?1 _! crimson reflection 9 ! wat]s ( ! lagoons1 ! gold5 atmosph]e t nev] pa9t] yet pa9t$1 h[ are !y h>m$ by ! /ray sun%afts t flu% p9k ! famili> top ( ! ,san ,m>co campanile or gild into recognition ! great silv] domes ( ! ,salute8 ,& if a mod]n pa9t a pat* ( mid-ocean )\t a "n h[ mu* great] z art are 8 sea-waves ?an ! waves ( ,claude %[n 9 a seaport ( ,france8 ,:at h>m does ! 8seaport0 & 8,france0 d ! picture8 ,we h rec5tly _h "s v beautiful /udies ( color1 light1 & air by ,claude ,monet :i* he has call$ 8,r\5 ,ca!dral0 & 8,we/m9/] ,bridge40 ,!y are mu* vagu] 9 outl9e ?an ,turn] or ,claude w\ld h pa9t$ !m2 b !y picture hi/orical /ructures & might be call$ hi/orical l&scapes ) z mu* reason z ,turn]'s 8,bay ( ,bai0 or ,claude's 8,que5 ( ,%eba40 ,b ! *ief qu>rel ( ! mod]n is ) ! /ory-tell+ subject--! s5tim5tal or funny incid5t 9 pa9t--( :i* we see en\gh & to sp>e at e new exhibition4 ,?is too is hi/orical art 9 a way4 ,= ! g5re subjects ( ! pres5t "t are hi/ory 9 ! little--p]sonal incid5ts usually1 b nev]!less ! hi/ory ( ! p4 ,& yet x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t !re is "s reason = wag+ w> aga9/ ?is k9d ( art z we f9d x to-day4 ,n t ! /ory 9 itself is necess>ily objectionable4 ,if we are n int]e/$ 9 its incid5t p]haps we c enjoy its decorative qualities4 ,! 8,sacr$ & ,pr(ane ,love0 by ,titian1 :i* ,i h already m5tion$1 c]ta9ly _h a lit]>y mean+ at "o "t1 b to-day ! allegory is lo/ to u & ! picture lives by virtue ( its f9e =m & color--! allegory 9 no way injur+ its decorative qualities4 ,nor are ! /ories ( ,jan ,/e5 or ,van d] ,me] ( ,delft or ,t5i]s objectionable 9 _! pictures4 ,y w he> no mod]n rail+ aga9/ !m1 = ! v good reason t ! pictures are excell5t pieces ( workman%ip & exceptionally beautiful 9 surfaces1 h&l+1 color1 light & atmosph]e4 ,b ! pres5t-day /ory-tell] ) a pa9t-bru% is n s good a workman z ! ,dut*m54 ,he slurs ! decorative & ?r[s all ! int]e/ ( 8 picture ^u ! incid5t portray$1 & lets =m & color g lame1 bl9d & halt if !y *oose4 ,!re is little to be said 9 praise ( 8 "w4 ,! tawdry colors & ! c>d-bo>d figures ) :i* 8 /ories are told condemn !m at ! />t4 ,yet ! public1 see+ n ! *eapness ( ! me?od1 applauds ! incid5t portray$ & ?us endorses a lame & halt+ art4 ,x is ?is t /irs ! wra? ( ! art-=-art's-sake advocates & leads to _! extravagance ( /atem5t4 ,x is ! ,m>cus ,/ones1 ! ,vib]ts1 & ! ,defregg]s ( pa9t+ :o h br\ght ! /ory into contempt & caus$ ! opposition to x4 ,t ! 8unco guid0 ,sunday-s*ool incid5t or ! horse-play ( ! gr9n+ ,tyrolean peasant1 or ! r$-rob$ monk /ory %\ld pass curr5t z art :ile ! peasants ( ,millet1 ! l&scapes ( ,corot1 ! m>9es ( ,:i/l] %\ld be sne]$ at z impressioni/ic or 8faddi%10 0 m ?an ! arti/ic bro!rhood c\ld be>4 ,x took up ! cudgels = m art & less lit]ature1 & 9 knock+ ! silly incid5t 9 ! head1 x also tri$ to knock 9 ! head e o!r incid5t 9 ! art-_w4 ,?is 0 p]haps an error4 ,= ! subject is n necess>ily silly except 9 ! h&s ( ! :ipp]-snapp] pa9t]4 ,!re is no?+ silly ab\t ! 8,moses sav$ f ! ,nile0 7,plate #bc7 by ,bonifazio1 or ! 8,miracle ( ! ,slave0 7,plate #ae7 by ,t9toretto1 or ! 8,good ,sam>itan0 by ,rembr&t1 or ! 8,g>d5 ( ,love0 by ,rub5s1 or ! 8,%eph]ds 9 ,arcadia0 7,plate #cj7 by ,p\ss94 ,oh1 yes2 ! old ma/]s c\ld pa9t /ories :5 x pleas$ !m to d s4 ,!y 7 religi\s & classic /ories--!mes hall[$ by tradition--b n diff]+ 9 o!r respects f ! /ories ( to-day4 ,!y pa9t$ !m well & ) great decorative skill & !re=e y nev] he> any pa9t] decry+ !m2 b1 s f> z _! legitimacy or illegitimacy is conc]n$1 !y 7 n diff]5t f ! 8,love & ,dea?0 ( ,mr4 ,watts or ! 8,beguil+ ( ,m]l90 by ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones or ! 8,bl9d ,fiddl]0 by ,sir ,david ,wilkie4 ,b we mu/ n pu% our argum5t too h>d1 = we are n ! special advocates ( ! /ory-picture4 ,nor %\ld we1 :ile /at+ ! cont5tion ( ! public = ! subject-picture1 be unju/ to ! cont5tion ( ! pa9t] = ! decorative picture4 ,x is true en\gh t ! religi\s or classic !me ( ,r5aissance art is n its mo/ endur+ quality ) u to-day4 ,! pictures live m by _! excell5ces ( =m & color ?an by _! subjects4 ,/ill ! pa9t]s f\nd no great h>d%ip 9 hav+ to pa9t designat$ !mes4 ,!y work$ easily "u impos$ conditions4 ,:5 ,mantegna 0 ask$ to pa9t a *apel 9 ! ,eremitani at ,padua & ! life ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph] 0 giv5 him z a subject he did n cry out aga9/ subjects 9 pa9t+ & talk ab\t ! absurdity ( devotion & patriotism 9 art4 ,he accept$ ! conditions & fulfill$ !m nobly4 ,:5 ,correggio 0 ask$ to pa9t an ,assumption ( ! ,madonna 9 ! cupola ( ! ,duomo at ,p>ma he1 too1 accept$ ! conditions ( subject & ar*itectural surr\nd+s & produc$ t wond]ful circle ( :irl+ angels :i*1 se5 f bel[1 seems to rise high] & high] 9 ! dome z ?\gh actually disappe>+ 9 ! blue sky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xxx4--,,p\ss91 ,%eph]ds 9 ,arcadia4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,hundr$s ( ! ,r5aissance pa9t]s fill$ wall & alt> spaces "u simil> limitations1 produc+ ,nativities1 ,flights into ,egypt1 ,crucifixions1 ,resurrections1 )\t ev] a ?\ght ( qu>rell+ ) _! !mes4 ,!y 7 hackney$ !mes1 too2 b !y knew t _! success 9 ! e/imation ( _! fell[-craftsm5 0 l>gely dep5d5t ^u ! degree ( fre%ness & orig9ality ) :i* ! subjects 7 treat$4 ,"o ( ! a/oni%+ ?+s ab\t ,t9toretto at ,v5ice is t1 com+ at ! f9al day ( ! ,r5aissance1 he %\ld h h&l$ ! old "t-worn & art-worn !mes ) su* novelty & p[]4 ,! ,annunciation1 ! ,nativity1 ! ,flight1 ! ,crucifixion 9 ! ,scuola ,san ,rocco at ,v5ice are m>vell\s pieces ( orig9ality & inv5tion4 ,be=e ,t9toretto's "t !re 7 innum]able 8,m>riages 9 ,cana0 pa9t$ = ! ,*ur*1 b t wond]ful picture 9 ! ,sacri/y ( ! ,salute at ,v5ice goes beyond !m all 7,plate #bg74 ,:at 0 x to ,titian or ,moretto t ! e>ly m5 _h pa9t$ ! 8,assumption ( ! ,madonna08 ,!y did x ov] aga9 ) great] orig9ality & spl5dor4 ,nor did ! ,r5aissance pa9t]s :olly ignore ! audi5ce = :i* _! pictures 7 int5d$4 ,:5 ,raphael pa9t$ ! 8,si/9e ,madonna0 7,plate #bh71 he 0 mo/ c>eful ab\t ! composition ( ! gr\p1 ab\t ! draw+1 ! drap]ies1 ! light1 ! color1 ! action ( ! figures4 ,he /udi$ long & h>d e decorative feature ( ! picture1 t x might h grace ( l9e & *>m ( hue4 ,yes2 & he also /udi$ long & h>d ! /ory x %\ld tell to ! congregation ( ! ,black ,fri>s' ,*ur* at ,piac5za1 = :om ! picture 0 orig9ally pa9t$4 ,x hung ov] ! high alt> ( ! *ur* & 0 s conspicu\sly plac$ t ! :ole kneel+ ?rong c\ld see x4 ,! curta9s pa9t$ at ! top ( ! picture are suppos$ to be ! real alt>-curta9s1 ! l$ge at ! bottom :]e ! *]ubs re/ is suppos$ to be ! real alt>-top4 ,! angel-?rong ) ! ,madonna is com+ d[n f heav54 ,%e is walk+ on ! cl\ds1 com+ =w>d to meet ! kneel+ wor%ipp]s & hold+ up to !m ! ,*ild z ! ,hope ( ! ,_w4 ,beh9d !m is a great halo ( light made up ( angel-heads--! light ( ! ,et]nal ,day4 ,at ! "r ,/4 ,b>b>a kneel+ turns away h] face z ?\gh bl9d$ by ! radiance2 at ! left ,san ,si/o ! m>tyr looks up to ! ,madonna & ) "o deprecat+ h& ^u 8 bosom po9ts outw>d ) ! o!r to ! congregation z ?\gh say+3 8,n = me1 b = ^! poor s\ls 9 my keep+40 ,x is impossible to ignore ! /ory told 9 ! picture2 impossible to say t x is an intrusion or %\ld h be5 left out4 ,!re is no?+ v decorative ab\t ! l>ge r\nd eyes ( ! ,"m & ,*ild--!y 7 tak5 almo/ v]batim f ! old ,byzant9e mosaics--b aga9 x is impossible n to recognize ! look ( wond] !y express & ! specific mean+ !y mu/ h _h = ! audi5ce4 ,all ( :i* w\ld seem to sugge/ once m t ! !me 9 pa9t+ is at lea/ n a h9drance1 n a some?+ to be got rid (1 b a condition to be dealt ) & h&l$ illu/ratively 9 ! same way t a giv5 space ( wall1 panel or canvas is a condition to be dealt ) decoratively4 ,to say t pa9t+ %all reveal only 8! appe>ance ( ?+s0 & t ! significance ( ^? ?+s %all c\nt = naught is "o extreme2 to say t objects %all dep5d solely ^u _! mean+ & be reg>dless ( decorative *>m is ! o!r extreme4 ,pa9t]s may *oose ei!r "o or ! o!r z becomes p>tisans 7! great pa9t]s h always *os5 bo?71 b ! spectator %\ld cultivate a broad] ta/e & exhibit a m discrim9ative m9d4 ,to ,mr4 ,:i/l]1 = in/ance1 0 giv5 ! s5se ( color1 light1 air1 & ! p[] to produce ! glam\r & ! my/]y ( ^! 9 h>monies1 symphonies1 nocturnes--all ( !m decorative ?+s lovely to look ^u4 ,let u by all means admire !m & love !m2 b we %\ld n all[ ourselves to ?9k t ?is alone is art1 & all ! products ( ! o!r m5 b s mu* rags & scrap-iron4 ,mr4 ,watts has a diff]5tly end[$ m9d4 ,he grasps elem5tal tru?s ( life & pres5ts !m 9 allegorical =ms t are beautiful to ?9k ab\t1 & ,mr4 ,:i/l] does n l t4 ,b nev] m9d2 let u li/5 to ,mr4 ,watts1 too4 ,he is a man ( imag9ation1 & :at he has to say is well wor? li/5+ to1 ?\gh he has n ,mr4 ,:i/l]'s po9t ( view1 & is some:at lack+ 9 ! decorative quality4 ,nor ne$ we despise ^? pa9t]s ^: equipm5t leads !m to c>e z little = ?+s decorative z = ?+s symbolical4 ,!re are arti/ic m9ds t love to deal ) facts z facts4 ,realism is heal?ful at lea/1 & besides !re may be mu* t is int]e/+ 9 facts if we only /udy !m long en\gh4 ,m5 l ,c\rbet & ,bonnat & ,meissoni] & ,grme are n to be ignor$4 ,!y are great /ud5ts1 great arti/s ( _! k9d4 ,_! m9ds move along sci5tific & ar*ological grooves1 & 9 t respect !y are q diff]5t f ! ,:i/l]s1 ! ,millets1 & ! ,delacroixs2 b ,i d n see :y !y are n entitl$ to admiration = :at !y d1 especially :5 !y d x s v well4 ,we %\ld f9d some?+ to admire 9 all ( !m1 if we _h m judgm5t & less prejudice4 ,un=tunately1 we all[ our likes to dictate to our ta/e4 ,a c]ta9 =m ( art is agreeable to u1 & !re=e ev]y?+ else is bad =m & n art at all4 ,because "o likes ! ,madonnas ( ,raphael is no reason = condemn+ ! ,madonnas ( ,holbe9 & ,rub5s4 ,! l&scape ( ,claude ,lorra9e is n incompatible ) ! l&scape ( ,claude ,monet4 ,bo? are good4 ,b x is v difficult to make p see & believe t4 ,rais+ ourselves above prejudice is n easy ( accompli%m5t4 ,x is :at is call$1 broadly1 education--a difficult atta9m5t to _m1 an absolute impossibility to "s4 ,inde$ :5 we come to sum up ^! lectures we f9d _! burd5 to be *iefly 8,rais+ ourselves above prejudice40 ,! special pleas ( pa9t]s1 :e!r = realization or decoration or illu/ration1 are1 ( c\rse1 to be he>d & accept$ 9 "p2 b we are n to believe 9 any "o ( !m to ! utt] exclusion ( ! o!rs4 ,ea* is excell5t ( its k9d1 s f> z x goes2 b 9 our f9al judgm5t ( ! "w ( art we may conclude t ! sum ( ! :ole is great] ?an any ( its p>ts1 & t tru? to nature1 individuality1 imag9ation1 pictorial poetry1 decorative beauty1 subject--all ! elem5ts--g to ! mak+ ( :at is call$ 8great art40 ,titian1 ,rub5s1 & ,velasquez scorn$ none ( ^! elem5ts1 advocat$ none ( !m exclusively2 & y & ,i1 :o help make up ! public1 c p]haps d no bett] ?an base our pr9ciples ( ta/e ^u ! works ( ^? fam$ ma/]s ( ! craft4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,books ,,by ,,john ,c4 ,,van ,,dyke ,pr(essor ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,art 9 ,rutg]s ,college ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons ---------------------------- ,! ,mean+ ( ,pictures ,) #ca full-page illu/rations4 #abmo1 #a4be net 8,x may be que/ion$ if any o!r book ( its scope has ev] %[n #8! mean+ ( pictures' 9 a way t w make x s cle> to ! av]age ,engli% read]40--,! ,dial4 8,a book t is always calm & cool & "r40--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 8,ess5tially s\nd & rational40--,outlook4 8,we c\ld ask no?+ bett] = ! tra9+ ( art ta/e 9 ,am]ica ?an ! wide circulation & c>eful read+ ( ?is s\nd & s5sible introduction40--,! ,congregationali/4 8,an unusual quality 9 art criticism1 pla9 common s5se ) a delightful avoidance ( te*nical j>gon40--,new ,york ,sun4 8#8,! ,mean+ ( ,pictures' has 9 abundant measure a happy k9d ( orig9ality1 ! mo/ g5u9e sort ( helpfulness1 & r>e p[] to /imulate40--,bo/on ,h]ald4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,john ,c4 ,,van ,,dyke ---------------------------- ,art = ,art's ,sake ,sev5 ,univ]sity ,lectures on ! ,te*nical ,beauties ( ,pa9t+ ,) #bd reproductions ( repres5tative pa9t+s4 #abmo1 #a4ej 8,"o ( ! be/ books on art t has ev] be5 publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry40--,bo/on ,transcript4 8,we consid] x ! be/ treatise on ! te*nic ( pa9t+ = g5]al read]s40--,! ,nation4 8,mr4 ,van ,dyke is v good read+ inde$1 & )al rem>kably cle> & precise 9 expla9+ mu* t %apes itself b hazily 9 ! bra9 ( ^? int]e/$ 9 art40--,london ,spectator4 8,i d n "k t !re is a book 9 ,engli% f :i* "o c le>n m ( :at pictures are & :y !y are admir$40--,,dr4 ,,talcott ,,williams4 8,has all ! recomm5dations t are to be look$ = 9 essays ( ! k9d4 ,!y take a broad survey1 !y deal ) ! po9ts t x is wor? :ile to "k ab\t1 !y are p]fectly lucid1 & !y are v *>m+ 9 _! lit]>y art40--,new ,york ,sun4 8,temp]ate & appreciative40--,atlantic ,mon?ly4 8,writt5 9 an easy1 ent]ta9+ /yle40--,new ,york ,tribune4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,john ,c4 ,,van ,,dyke ---------------------------- ,/udies 9 ,pictures ,an ,introduction to ! ,fam\s ,gall]ies ,) #dj ,illu/rations4 #abmo1 #a4be net 8,pr(essor ,van ,dyke is a helpful cic]one1 = he does n ov]p[] ! read] ) 8 !ories1 or =ce ^u him 8 ta/es1 or cru% him ) ! weight ( 8 le>n+1 b talks cle>ly & s5sibly ab\t :at pictures are pa9t$ = & h[ we c get ! mo/ out ( !m40--,! ,indep5d5t4 8,x w\ld be difficult to f9d a bett] or m accompli%$ guide 9 ga9+ a compreh5sion ( ! pr9ciples ( appreciation z appli$ to pa9t+40--,! ,press 7,philadelphia74 8,n only useful to ! unsophi/icat$1 to :om x is admirably adapt$1 b valuable to ^? :o h a t5d5cy to lose !mselves 9 te*nicalities40--,new ,york ,times4 8,mr4 ,van ,dyke w help ! /ud5t to und]/& h[ pictures h be5 made & h[ !y h be5 br\ght toge!r 9 ! great gall]ies2 he w %[ h[ to get at ! po9ts ( view held by ! ma/]s1 & h[1 9 %ort1 to use ! te*nique ( art-/udy40--,new ,york ,tribune4 8,mu* useful in=mation & sugge/ive ?\ght 9 an in=mal little volume40--,int]national ,/udio4 8,pr(essor ,van ,dyke writes ) 8 usual cool good s5se40--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 8,an admirable introduction to travel or /udy40--,! ,congregationali/4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,by ,,john ,c4 ,,van ,,dyke ---------------------------- ,,:at ,,is ,,art8 ,/udies 9 ! ,te*nique & ,criticism ( ,pa9t+ #a4jj net4 ,po/paid #a4aj ,pr(essor ,van ,dyke 9 ?is volume returns to ! g5]al subject ( f9e art1 :i* he has already done s mu* to illu/rate & illum9ate 9 8 v>i\s books4 ,?is book exp\nds ! pa9t]'s po9t ( view z di/9ct f t ( ! connoisseur1 ! collector1 or ! museum director1 :i*1 he ?9ks1 has = ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s s monopoliz$ discussion among u z to obscure ! consid]ation ( art z art1 9 consid]+ x z a curiosity or commodity4 ,to ! prea*+ ( ?is gospel1 :i* is p>ticul>ly timely 9 view ( rec5t fam\s sales & exp]t controv]sies1 are add$ *apt]s on ! con/itution1 production1 & appreciation ( pa9t+4 ,! book is writt5 9 a p>ticul>ly vivaci\s /yle1 & its criticism ( curr5t mat]ialism is crisp & ev5 cutt+4 ,! au?or takes up su* subjects z 8,! ,use ( ! ,model10 8,quality 9 ,art10 8,art ,criticism10 8,art ,hi/ory & ,art ,appreciation40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,john ,c4 ,,van ,,dyke ---------------------------- ,nature = ,its ,own ,sake ,fir/ ,/udies 9 ,natural ,appe>ances #abmo1 #a4ej 8,no "o c read x )\t hav+ 8 k ( nature enl>g$1 8 curiosity quick5$1 & 8 s5sitiv5ess to ! beauty t is all ab\t him 9 ! _w increas$ & /imulat$40--,*icago ,tribune4 8,he writes cle>ly & simply & indulges 9 little rhetoric or false s5tim5t4 ,8 #8fir/ /udies1' !re=e1 w probably reveal to _m p _m ?+s ( :i* !y 7 unaw>e40--,! ,nation4 8,a s]ies ( int]e/+ & di/9ctly orig9al essays40 --,philadelphia ,public ,l$g]4 8,a book ( uncommon m]it1 fir/1 9 its po9t ( view1 &1 second1 9 ! peculi> skill ) :i* ! subject ( nature is h&l$40--,wa%+ton ,po/4 8,a book on nature widely diff]5t f any?+ yet writt51 & fre%1 sugge/ive1 & delightful40 --,new ,york ,times4 8,a book = all nature lov]s4444 ,a mo/ delightful vade mecum40--,,bliss ,,c>man 9 ,new ,york ,comm]cial ,adv]tis]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,john ,c4 ,,van ,,dyke ---------------------------- ,! ,des]t ,fur!r ,/udies 9 ,natural ,appe>ances ,) frontispiece4 #abmo1 #a4be net 8,! read] :o once submits to its spell w h>dly lay x aside until ! la/ page is turn$40--,! ,spectator 7,london74 8,?is *>m+ volume comes z /rong w9e inde$ aft] ! tepid rose-wat] ( books deal+ ) snails & daffodils 9 suburban g>d5s4 ,mr4 ,van ,dyke unque/ionably kn[s 8 des]t2 he has ! true w&]]'s eye = its ess5tial fasc9ation40--,! ,a!num 7,london74 8,no virg9 ru% ( "y impressions1 b an adult m+l+ ( vision & criticism 9 a /yle t engages )\t />tl+ ! att5tion40--,london ,academy4 8,/range & curi\s read+1 ?is book ( ! des]t1 & has all ! fasc9ation ( ?+s unaccu/om$40--,new ,york ,tribune4 8,! writ]'s p]sonality is c>efully subord9at$1 b "o _c help feel+ x /rongly2 t ( a man m s5sitive to color ?an to =m1 en?usia/ic1 b ) a /]n h& on 8 own pulse40--,atlantic ,mon?ly4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,john ,c4 ,,van ,,dyke ---------------------------- ,! ,opal ,sea ,cont9u$ ,/udies 9 ,impressions & ,appe>ances ,) ,frontispiece4 #abmo1 #a4be net 8,pr(4 ,van ,dyke takes 8 read]'s imag9ation captive ) prose 9 :i* we feel ! sea's own glam\r ( beauty & movem5t & my/]y1 its glory ( color & p[]40--,new ,york ,tribune4 8,pleasure awaits ! read] ( #8,! ,opal ,sea4'0--,bo/on ,ev5+ ,transcript4 8,! hi/ory1 ! poetry1 ! sci5ce1 & ! endless aspects ( ! sea are giv5 9 a /yle t w *>m all lov]s ( ! ocean40--,! ,indep5d5t4 8,w be read = ! pleasure :i* ! "w ( a skillful obs]v] wield+ a practis$ p5 is b\nd to give2 & ! pleasure w be great4 ,pr(4 ,van ,dyke is a ma/] ( ! art ( #8seascape' :o ne$ fe> no comp>ison40--,! ,spectator 7,london74 8,no ,engli% writ]1 & no o!r writ] except ,mi*elet1 has done z mu* z ,mr4 ,van ,dyke to arrange attractively :at has be5 9 ! c\rse ( ages le>n$ ab\t ! sea40--,! ,_w 7,london74 8,we /rongly approve ! comb9ation ( gifts :i* repres5t ,pr(4 ,van ,dyke's lit]>y equipm5t & wi% to comm5d 8 books mo/ cordially to intellig5t read]s40--,! ,/&>d 7,london74 8,lov]s ( ! sea & lov]s ( nature g5]ally w f9d mu* to int]e/ !m 9 ?is book1 & "h & !re passages t may en?rall !m40--,lit]>y ,_w 7,london74 8,pr(4 ,van ,dyke's be+ at he>t a poet ( ! sea is prov$ 9 8 f9e raptures on well-nigh ev]y?+ ( ! deep40--,daily ,*ronicle 7,london74 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,john ,c4 ,,van ,,dyke ---------------------------- ,! ,money ,god ,*apt]s ( ,h]esy & ,diss5t ,conc]n+ ,bus9ess ,me?ods & ,m]c5>y ,ideals 9 ,am]ican ,life4 #a4jj ,net4 ,po/paid #a4aj 8,a trem5d\s indictm5t ( ! degrad+ mat]ialism n[ m5ac+ bo? democracy & religion1 z su* x %\ld be read by all :o h at he>t ! ne$ ( a moral revival40--,! ,outlook4 8,x is a /rong book1 f a /r5u\s m9d1 on a neglect$ & =gott5 phase ( mod]n society40--,bo/on ,adv]tis]4 8,! book is writt5 9 ,mr4 ,van ,dyke's usual s*ol>ly & fasc9at+ way1 & x %\ld make itself felt z an appeal = a return to moral /&>ds 9 public & private & f9ancial life40--,philadelphia ,record4 8,z an economic ,philippic ! book goes to ! head ( ! class4 ,x w\ld be well to add x z a text-book 9 ! bus9ess c\rses ( our s*ools & colleges40--,spr+field ,union4 8,x is /imulat+1 frank1 & (t5 />tl+40--,*icago ,int]-,ocean4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,miss+ or obscur$ punctuation 0 sil5tly correct$4 ,typographical errors 7 sil5tly correct$4 ,inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation 7 made consi/5t only :5 a pr$om9ant =m 0 f\nd 9 ?is book4 ,text t3 0 9 italics is enclos$ by und]scores 7italics72 0 9 bold by is enclos$ by 8equal0 signs 7bold74